EcoLeaf Environmental Label Product Category Rules (PCR)
PCR No.
PCR Title
Digital Duplicator
AF –04
Digital Printer-Duplicator
Note: These rules have been prepared for the implementation of the EcoLeaf program. Use for any other purpose in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
No.

Major key

Minor key

Class

1
Definition

2

Prerequisites
for PCR
development

Product

Requirements

Digital duplicators are duplicators that incorporate the master-making
function to digitally form images on masters.
(Based on the description in the Japan Business Machine and Information
System Industries Association standards JBMS-70-2001.)
Accessories include the following:

Scope

・Master, ink
・All packaging (except for those commonly used repeatedly)
・Manuals

3

Stage

Scope

4

All life cycle stages (all stages specified in the PEIDS of this program:production, distribution, use, and disposal/recycling) are covered.
1) Those to be classified as Parts and Similar A◊ Ink (black)
・For non-water materials (including surface active agent), the baseunit "inks" is to be used.
・For water, the base unit "clean water" is to be used. When well
water is used, the material burden is 0, but the processing burdens
used for drawing up, etc. are to be entered into the calculations.
◊ Master・The base unit "machine-made paper" is to be used judging fromthe ingredients composing the Japanese paper parts.
・For film parts (non-Japanese paper parts including adhesion), thebase unit "PET" is to be used.
However, for processing, processing energy data collected in-house
are to be used (this is not to limit the use of individual base units).

Product
Data Sheet(PDS)(LCI input
data)

Production
stage
information(Product
information)

Productmaterials or raw
materials
constitution

The Parts and Similar A materials are to be traced back to the MSDS
material level.
2) Resource input amountThe mass of materials which have reached the product stage, with thematerials amounting to 90% or more of the total product mass to be
categorized by types. The remainder is to be prorated and converted
into a percentage.
3) Material names to be listed in the product data sheet
The following 11 items: ordinary steel, SUS, aluminum, other metals,
thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, rubber, glass, paper,semiconductor substrate, and wood. For those that are outside ofthese 11 items, the base unit names are to be listed.
4) Open recycling/reuse
When open recycling/reuse is to be included, entry into thecalculations is possible by setting up a scenario considered appropriate
at each company, while paying attention to the items below. The
soundness of the set up basis is subject to verification.
(1) Processes that fall in the scope of "indirect impacts".
(2) Deductions and burdens within the scope of "indirect impacts".

51) Input and consumption items
Electricity, fuel oil A, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, LNG (town gas),
LPG, city tap water, industrial water supply, groundwater, and solvent.
However, for processing energies pertaining to supply, the burdens areto be traced back to the MSDS material level.
Production
stage
information(Production
site
information)

Materials andenergy that are
input /
consumed /disposed of2) Emissions
Not specified. Those deemed important at each company are to belisted.
Transportation burdens for the input materials (raw materials andenergy) are not to be entered into the calculation.
3) Byproducts and sub-materials
Sub-materials and byproducts are not to be entered into thecalculations.
Sub-materials: Materials that are input at production sites, and notshipped with products.
Byproducts: Those that are shipped out of production sites, but not
shipped with products.

61) Means of transportation to the user and the loading factors
To be based on models established by each applicant company.
2) Quantification
Distribution
stage
information

Producttransportation
conditions

To be done with a total domestic transportation distance(transportation up to the place of use) of 100 km.
When overseas production is included, overseas land, sea or airtransportation is to be entered into calculations of domestictransportation burdens. Overseas transportation conditions can be set
according to the actual conditions at each company, but the soundnessof the set up basis is subject to verification.
Disposal/recycling of the main unit packaging is to be entered into thecalculations in No. 8 "Disposal/Recycling".

71) Usage conditions(i) Number of prints per master: 200 sheets/master(ii) Number of master-makings per hour: 2 masters/hour(iii) Number of prints per hour: 400 sheets/hour(iv) Hours of operation per day: 8 hours/day(v) Days of operation per month: 20 days/month(vi) Usage period: 5 years(vii) Operating hours in 5 years: 9,600 hours(viii) Number of prints in 5 years: 3,840,000 sheets(vii) Number of master-makings in 5 years: 19,200 masters(x) Print speed: The speed at power on. (The applicable speed is to bestated in the PEIDS sheet.)
Usage stage
information

Product usage
conditions(xi) Standard paper size: A4, image area ratio: 4 to 7%(Test Chart) The image area ratio used needs to be stated in the PEIDS
sheet.
2(xii) Standard printing paper: High-quality or equivalent, 64 g/m paper(xiii) Conditions for measurements: temperature 21±3ºC, humidity
65±10%, and leaving for 12 hours before measurement.
(xiv) Method for measuring power consumption: The energy
consumption efficiency is calculated using the following formula:E = (A + 7 × B) / 8
In this formula, E, A and B are to stand for the following values:
E: Energy consumption efficiency (Wh)
A: Amount of power consumed in one hour at power on of themachine (Wh)・After power on, the first edition of master-making is done
at default print speed using the test chart, and printing is doneunder the condition of the above-mentioned (i). Immediately
after the finish of the process, the second edition ofmaster-making is started under the same conditions, andprinting is done under the condition of the above-mentioned(i). After that, the machine is to be left as it is.
*Default: The speed is not changed after power on.
B: Amount of power consumed in one hour at normal
conditions (Wh)・After the measurement of A, the low power mode and offmode are cleared, the first edition of master-making is done,
and printing is done under the condition of theabove-mentioned (i). Immediately after the finish of theprocess, the second edition of master-making is started under
the same conditions, and printing is done under the conditionof the above-mentioned (i). After that, the machine is to beleft as it is.
For machines with the printer function that have been left, thetransition to the low power mode is permitted, but they must
not go into the off mode. Also, machines without the printerfunction are permitted to go into the off mode or low power
mode.
<Machines with the printer function>
Transition time to the low power mode: five minutes<Machines without the printer function>
Transition time to the low power mode: five minutes
Transition time to the off mode: For the machines on which
the time can be changed manually by users or service persons,etc., it is to be set to five minutes. For the machines, thestructure of which does not allow the change after shipmentfrom the factory, the default value is to be used.
<Machines with the printer function> cover the machines withthe printer function, basically, the function of the digital
duplicator, and include those connected to the network. They
also include those that can be connected additionally (can beinstalled as an option).
<Machines without the printer function> cover the machinesthat have the basic function of digital duplicator only, and do
not function as a printer either by external control or as an
option.
<Low power mode> means the low power state into which themachine automatically goes after no operation is performed
for a certain period of time.
<Off mode> means the state where the power has been off
with the automatic off function after a certain period of time.
However, not all power sources need to be switched off.
(xv) Amounts of masters used and disposed: The number ofmaster-makings done in five years is to be the number of masters used.
For the products that have functions to reduce the amount of masters
used, 12.5% of the total amount is to be the target. However, when thedata obtained from the actual figures are available, priority is to begiven to that usage rate.
(xvi) Amounts of ink used and disposed: Each company is to calculate
the amounts by establishing appropriate formulas, for example, aformula with which the value that is no less than the actual amountused is calculated, assuming the conditions of the above-mentioned (i)to (xiv). (The ink left in the container after use is also to be entered into
the calculations.)(xvii) Other conditions: Unless otherwise specified, the default value
obtained when the rated power has been applied in the state of theinstallation after shipment from the factory (voltage variations at themachine-side input are within ±3% of the rating) is to be used.
2) The papers necessary in the usage stage are not to be entered into theburden calculations.
3) Quantities of regularly replaced parts and consumables used
Items: Based on the maintenance plan at the time of the design, or on
the maintenance plan.
Quantities: Quantities used in five years based on the above, withfractions rounded up to integers.
Transportation: A model in five years based on the above is to beestablished at each company.
4) Conditions for disposal and recycling of regularly replaced parts andconsumables are set forth in No. 8 "Disposal/Recycling".
81) Scenario set up
The "End-of-life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario" on the separate
sheet is to be adopted.
(i) The recovery routes are to have a scenario set up at each company.
・Reuse scenario
・Recycling scenario
Material-specific recycling rates (= η) are to be established at eachcompany.
・Non-reuse/non-recycling industrial waste management scenario(2) For non-recovery routes, the "General Disposal Scenario" (seeseparate sheet) is to be adopted.
2) Deduction scenario
The "End-of-life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario" on the separate
sheet is to be adopted.
3) Recyclability and reusability criteria
The criteria are to be defined individually at each company.
4) Product (parts) recovery rate
Disposal /recycling
stage
information

Product
disposal /recycling
conditions

When η2 is adopted, η2 = 80% is to be used, but the value η1 from
actual figures at each company is also acceptable.
5) Number of reuses(i) For product reuse, N1, the number of times a product is reused after
a usage period of five years, is to be set based on each company's
design values. N1 is an integer. The above N1 is used for the burden
calculation in the following formula:
Product reuse deduction amount = "reusable amount" × "productrecovery rate η2(or η1)" × "reuse deduction ratio N1/(N1+1)"(ii) For consumables and replacement parts, an integer N2 is thenumber of times a target is reused during its lifetime, with fractions
rounded up to integers.
Also the burden is calculated using the above N2 in the following
formula:Parts burdens = "burdens until production of one part" × "number ofparts used in five years (n)"Parts reuse deduction amount= "reusable amount" × "parts recovery rate (η2 or η1)"× "reuse deduction ratio N2/(N2+1)" × "number of parts used in five
years (n)"*Note that the reusable amount, number of product reuses N1 andnumber of parts reuses N2 are set, basically, based on the past figures.

However, design values can be used under unavoidable circumstances,for example, when no actual figure is available. However, when design
values are used, they need to be reviewed at the point where actual
figures have been collected. For setting the product (parts) recovery
rate, past domestic, i.e. Japanese, figures can be used.
6) Concrete method for entering the processing burdens for products orparts that are disposed of without being recycled nor reused into thecalculations
The "End-of-life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario" on the separate
sheet is to be adopted.
For the transportation of the products or parts that are disposed ofwithout being recycled nor reused, the processing burdens are enteredinto the calculations using 60 km as the distance, 4t truck as the means
for transportation, and 62% as the loading factor, or are set based on
the past actual figures.
Reference documents:
Loading factors: Separate table No. 3 in the Notification No. 66 from
the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Transportation distance: "Study Report for LCA Investigation
Pertaining to Plastic Waste Management/Disposal", March 2001,
from the Plastic Waste Management Institute7) Open recycling/reuse
When open recycling/reuse is to be included, entry into thecalculations is possible by setting up a scenario considered appropriate
at each company, while paying attention to the items below. The
soundness of the set up basis is subject to verification.
(1) Processes that fall in the scope of "indirect impacts"(2) Deductions and burdens within the scope of "indirect impacts"
The recyclable or reusable amounts of the recycled/reused items are to
be 100%, but the past figures at each company are also acceptable.
91) LCI calculation formula
The assembly burden in cases where there are no actual measurement
data from the production site is to be product mass × 2 × assembly baseunit.
Product
environmen
tal
information
data sheet2) Method for representing open recycling/reuse
When open recycling/reuse is to be included, indirect impacts and direct
impacts are to be calculated separately, and among these, the indirect
impact portions are to be represented as "recycling effects". In the PEIDS,
the sum of the indirect impacts is to be entered in the "recycling effects"
field, and the breakdown of recycling effects is to be entered in the
explanation field of the PEIDS.

Inventory
analysis

LCI calculation
formula10

Impactassessment

Category
additions

The items "ozone layer destruction", "eutrophication", and"photochemical oxidant" are not to be included in the PEIDS.

11

Data
processing

Allocation

To be determined as appropriate at each company without being unified.

Collection range

If data cannot be obtained, data that contain the conditions (including thebase units) at the time of design or at the time of planning may be used as
substitute.

Cut-offrules

If a cut-off is to be applied to an assembly burden, or others, a clear noteto this effect is to be made, and the reasons for doing so are to be madeclear.

(PEIDS)

12

13

Breakdown
data sheet(relevant toproduct
data sheet)Data
collection

141) For parts purchased according to the decisions made by each company,"parts assembly" of the common base unit table is to be adopted.
2) For the parts listed in the following table, the common base units
specified in the table are to be used.

Breakdown
data sheet(relevant to
PEIDS)

Base unit
databaseselectionPARTS

COMMON BASE UNIT

Harnesses

Cu plate

Heating units and board portions ofthermal heads

Populated circuit board

Thermal head base (heat sink)Al plate

CCD and sensors

Populated circuit board

Among the power source boards andcontrol boards, etc. (assembled boards)－

Database

Portions other than the heavytransformers and heat sinks

Populated circuit board

Iron cores of transformers_ _ steel plate (Note 1)

Copper wires of transformers

Cu plate

Installation frames as enclosures oftransformers (cases)_ _ steel plate (Note 1)

Stepping motors, electromagnetic clutches,
CD solenoids, and CD motors
Magnet catches

Middle-sized motor
Electromagnetic steel
plate(Note 1) For steel plates, applicable ones are to be selected from the common baseunit list in accordance with their materials.
Example) For SECC (electro-galvanized steel plate), "electroplated steel plate" is tobe selected.

15
16Base unit
database
additionsCharacterization
factor additions

None
None

17

1) Print speed
Product specifications

2) Maximum paper size
3) Functions subject to verification (ADF, sorter, etc.)

181) Statements"Warming burden, acidification burden, and energy consumption
amount", which are defined as compulsory items (in the guideline), areto be stated, while whether to state the seven optional items (in theguideline) is a free choice.

Product
environmen
tal
information

Data publication contents

2) Target life cycle stages
For the three compulsory items (warming burden, acidification burden,
and energy consumption amount), the total amounts throughout all life
cycle stages are to be stated. Whether to state the individual life cycle
stages is a free choice.
*The burdens per piece of paper are to be stated for each of theabove-mentioned three compulsory items.
3) Usage conditions setting
Usage period (__ years) and used amounts (__0,000 sheets) are to bestated.
*The used paper amounts (__0,000 sheets) are to be calculated basedon the number of the sheets used per hour in the usage stage (thevalue common across the companies).
4) Representation method
Any of text, table and graph can be selected. If open recycling/reuse is
to be included, the "recycling effect" is not to be integrated with theactually generated burdens, and should be represented independently
with a dotted line for each stage.

19

Other
environmentally
relevant
information

The following can be entered:
1) Type I and/or Type III environmental label
Optional items

2) ISO 14001 certification acquisition
3) Certifications, accreditations or awards form national or industrialorganizations

Information on the development/approval of this PCR
Name of Commission making PCR Deliberation Committee
the determination
Tsukuba, Graduate School
PCR development/revision
January 1, 2008
date

Representative: Youji Uchiyama
Validity period

Affiliation: University of

February 1, 2014 to January 31, 2017

Note: For the current PCR, the validity period is full three years from the development/renewal or revision with the purpose of continuation.

History of revisions, etc. for this PCR
Version No., etc.
Date

Action taken

August 29, 2002

01

Development

March 1, 200402

September 29, 2004

03

Entry into the calculations of overseas transportation burden has been
added; direct impacts/indirect impacts distinction in the recycling effects has
been added; and quality-weighting factor has been removed.
-

January 1, 200804

February 1, 2011

(Item 5) The description of the byproducts and sub-materials has been added;(Item 6) Overseas land transportation has been added; (Item 7) The
description of the International Energy Star has been deleted; and (Item 8)
Corrections and additions to the product recovery rate, number of reuses,and final disposal distribution have been made.
UpdatedFebruary 1, 2014

Updated<Separate Sheet>
Rev. 01 2004.3.1

End-Of-Life Product Disposal/Recycling Scenario
General waste disposal fraction scenario

Non-recovery routeEnd-of-life
product(General waste handling)

Reuse scenario

Recovery route

Reuse parts
amounts(Industrial waste handlingor reuse/recycling)

Repairs, tests,
cleaning, etc.

Amount ofreuse parts

Amounts thatcan be reusedas parts(deduction)

Recycling scenario

Determination

Recyclable
amountFragmentation,sorting,
regeneration, etc.

Amounts ofrecycling materials

Amounts thatcan be reusedas materials(deduction)

Industrial waste disposal scenario(Handling as industrial waste)

General Waste Disposal Fraction Scenario

Determination

Fragmentation

Product"Non-recovery route": route taken if entry into the calculations ismade in terms of disposal as general waste(municipalities' responsibility)(Handling as
combustible)(Handling as
non-combustible)

General waste
incineration

General waste
landfilling"Recovery route":

route taken if entry into the calculations ismade in terms of disposal as industrial waste(businesses' responsibility) or reuse/recyclingOn the Changes in the Order of PCR Items
Due to the Revision of the Product Category Rules (PCR) Development Rules (R-06)
Due to the May 1st, 2008 rule revision, the order of product category rules (PCR) items were changed.
As this PCR was developed prior to the rule revision, the order follows the previous item numbers.
Indicated below is the correspondence between PCR items before and after the rule revision.
<PCR items prior to rule revision><PCR items after rule revision>

PCR items prior to rule revision

No．

PCR items after rule revision

No．

Related forms[LCA examination range setting and label publication contents]
1

Product definitions

2

Product constitutive elements and evaluation units

3

Product life cycle stage

→
→
→

1

Product definitions－

2

Product constitutive elements and evaluation units－

3

Product life cycle stage－

4

Product specifications

PEAD

5

LCA data publication contents

PEAD

6

New-to-old product comparison

PEAD

7

Other eco-design relevant information

PEAD[System area and data collection conditions setting]4

Raw materials/parts constitution

5

Production stage data collection conditions→→

6

Distribution stage data collection conditions→

7

Usage stage data collection conditions

8

Disposal/recycling stage data collection conditions

98

Product raw materials/parts constitution

9

Article production stage modelling/data division, etc.

10Distribution stage modelling/data division, etc.

11

Usage stage modelling/data division, etc.

Breakdown DS (usage) PDS

12

Disposal/recycling stage modelling/data division, etc.

Breakdown DS(disposal/recycling) PDSLCI FGD/BGD data collection/processing

13

Cut-off rules

10

LCIA impact category

14

Collection data quality requirements

15

Collection data allocation

11

Allocation

12

Data collection range[Inventory calculations]13

Cut-off rules

16

Approach to LCI calculation

17

LCI common base unit usage conditions

14

LCI BGD approximation substitution

15

LCI BGD PCR base unit→→

Breakdown DS (product) PDS
Breakdown DS (productionsite) PDS
Breakdown DS (distribution)
PDS

Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PDS

Breakdown DS (each stage),
PEIDS
Breakdown DS (each stage),
PEIDS[Life cycle impact evaluation (characterization)]
16

LCIA BGD characterization factor additions

17

Product specifications

18

LCA data publication contents

19

Other environmentally relevant information→

18

LCIA impact category and characterization factor
additions

Breakdown DS (each stage),
PEIDS