RIKEN
Accelerator
Progress Reportvol.

理化学研究所 仁科加速器研究センター

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science

49

RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report
vol.

49

理化学研究所 仁科加速器研究センター
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 JAPANRIKEN Accelerator Progress Report 2015 vol.49
This is an unabridged version of the 49th volume of RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report(hereinafter referred to as APR), the official annual report of the Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science.
A PDF version of APR can be downloaded from our website.
http://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/index_e.html

Published by
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 JAPANDirector of RIKEN Nishina Center for Acclerator-Based Science
Hideto En’yo
Editorial Board
T. Uesaka (chairperson), T. Abe, T. Doi, H. Haba, E. Hiyama, T. Ichihara, Y. Ichikawa, T. Ikeda, H. Imao, N. Inabe,
K. Ishida, T. Isobe, A. Kohama, T. Matsuzaki, K. Morimoto, K. Ozeki, R. Seidl, T. Tada, K. Takahashi, T. Tamagawa,K. Tanaka, M. Watanabe, A. Yoshida, J. Zenihiro, T. Gunji, M. Wada, S. Goto, K. Iwai, and T. Okayasu
Contact
Progress@ribf.riken.jp
All rights reserved. This report or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any form, including photostatic
print or microfilm, without written permission from the Publisher.
Contents of the manuscripts are the authors' responsibility. The Editors are not liable for the content of the report.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, March 2017

PREFACE
New Year’s Eve 2015 turned out to be a historical moment for the Nishina Center. In the early morning on the same day, Kosuke Morita
received an email from IUPAC notifying that the experiment team of RIKEN has been certified as the discoverer of the 113th element, andthat the team will be granted the naming right for the element. At 17:00, we held a press conference at the RIKEN RIBF building for a large
number of media. Immediately following the conference, the news was featured in a variety of media.
In Japan, there is a very popular TV singing-contest program shown on
the Sylvester night every year from 19:00 to 24:00 with a high audience ratingof more than 40%. Midway through the show, a national news program
featured the groundbreaking news that RIKEN has clinched the naming rights
for element 113. This means 40-50% of the Japanese watched our press
conference and saw a joyful face of Morita-san. The news that we have been
waiting for so long could not have come at a better timing. We extend ourheartiest congratulations to everyone who contributed to this superb
accomplishment, especially to Morita’s group and the accelerator group, andwould like to share the joy with all the members of the Nishina Center.
At the collaboration meeting held in March 2016, the name and thesymbol of the 113th element were decided as Nihonium and Nh, which are
currently undergoing a public review by IUPAC until November 2016.
“Japan” is written in Japanese with two Chinese characters “日本” meaning"the land of the rising sun". They can be read as Nihon or Nippon, with both pronunciations officially accepted in Japan. “Japan” is a European
dialect for pronouncing Nippon. Thus we call our country Japan, Nippon or Nihon. This is similar to Genève, Geneva or Genf, all of which
are from the same verbal origin and officially allowed in Swiss.
In 1908, Ogawa discovered element 43 and named it "nipponium" (Np), the name which was added to the old periodic tables. He waswrong. Tecnetium (Z=43) is unstable, and what he actually discovered was rhenium (Z=75, in the same family). In 1940, Nishina discovered
element 93, but was unable to perform purified isolation. Element 93 was named Neptunium (Np) by McMillan. Now our earnest wish
spanning100 years finally came true. Morita and his collaborator chose the name Nihonium to pay homage to their predecessors.
Another big news of the year was Dr. Tohru Motobayashi and Dr. Hiroyoshi Sakurai, our fellow researchers at the Nishina Center, being
jointly awarded the 2015 Nishina Memorial Prize for their research on “Discovery of anomalies in magic numbers of neutron-rich nuclei”.
The award signifies a true recognition of the research accomplishments obtained at RIKEN RIBF. The fact that they were given the award
not only for their latest papers but also for the one written two decades ago shows that the quintessence of the long, sustained effort required
for research in the field of nuclear physics has been properly acknowledged and appreciated. Together with the 2005 Nishina Memorial Prize
recipient Morita, the 2011 Prize recipient Dr. Yasuyuki Akiba and the 2012 Prize recipient Dr. Tetsuo Hatsuda, there are now five recipientsof the Award affiliated with the Nishina Center. Since 3% of the Nishina Memorial Award recipients have received the Nobel Prize in Physics
in the past, I believe we are finally beginning to see the next higher goal.
There were many surprises and joyous moments shared at the Nishina Center in 2015. The scientific highlights are compiled in thisvolume of Accelerator Progress Report including: the first data from SEASTAR collaboration, polarized RI purified with BigRIPS, MultiReflection TOF measurements for superheavy elements, discovery of ideal charge stripper, successful commissioning of PALIS/Rare-RIRing/SAMURAI-TPC, discovery of tetra neutron, gluon polarization in polarized proton determined at RHIC, hint for bound K-pp states
discovered in J-PARC, and more. I was in awe to see many prominent researchers in the field of nuclear physics from research institutions
abroad participate in the experiment not as a commander but as a mere soldier. Such is the “magnetism” of the experiment that can only be
conducted at RIBF.
Another event worthy of special mention is the official inauguration of the KEK Wako Nuclear Science Center. With the closing of theInstitute for Nuclear Study (INS) located in Tanashi in 1997, the “troops” of nuclear physicists have gone their separate ways to either KEK
or CNS, U-Tokyo. After 18 years, they are again reunited at RIKEN RIBF.
In April 2015, RIKEN was reborn as a National Research and Development Institution. The year 2016 will see RIKEN evolve evenfurther under the new initiatives and management.
Hideto En'yo

Director,
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based ScienceImage courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory

PHENIX– looking at hot and cold nuclear matter and resurrecting itself again and again

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, RHIC, atof the most fundamental building blocks of the

Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island,

visible world today, protons and neutrons was

NY, was built to study the conditions in an early

not understood well and particularly the spin

universe shortly after the Big Bang. In thatcomposition between quarks, gluons and theirepoch the temperature of the universe was so hot,orbital angular momenta were at odds with earlier

that quarks and gluons, mediators of the strong

nucleon models. RHIC was also set to understandinteraction, were not yet condensated into hadrons

the role of gluon spins and sea quarks. The spinsuch as protons and neutrons. This phase of the

program was realized at the initiative and with

universe is known as the quark-gluon plasma (QGP).

substantial support of RIKEN and greatly improved

Its existence was predicted and RHIC was set toour understanding of cold nuclear matter anddiscover it which it eventually did.

brought in turn new surprises.

At the same time also the internal structure

PHENIX– looking at hot and cold nuclear matterand resurrecting itself again and again

Image courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory

Figure 1: Aerial view of the RHIC
accelerator complex including preaccelerators and locations of currently
operating detectors.

While at the beginning of RHIC one typical collider

photons were not suppressed as they are only

detector was already approved to be built, several

interacting electromagnetically. These features areother proposals for more dedicated detectors weresummarized in Figure 2.

initially rejected out of funding constraints. As a

One of the main surprises was that this QGP does

result these rejected proposals worked together

not behave like a gas but more like a perfect liquid

and, like the fabled bird, rose from the ashes being

with a very small viscosity. With the help of lightappropriately named PHENIX (though the official

emitted inside the plasma it was even possible toname stands for Pioneering High Energy Nuclear

roughly determine the temperature of the QGPInteraction eXperiment). PHENIX’s strong points[2] within models which led to the 2011 Nishina

were the rather precise central
detectors, especially electromagnetic
calorimetry, forward muon detectors
and high rate data taking capabilities
at the expense of coverage. Currently
about 400 collaborators from 78
institutions (including 11 Japanese) in
14 countries are participating in the
PHENIX experiment.
With this initial detector configuration,
it was possible to both find the QGP[1] and learn about its properties.
One telltale sign of the QGP was the
suppression of hadrons and jets at
higher energies due to the additional
interactions within the hot, dense QGP
medium. In contrast, high energetic

Figure 2: Summary of cross section ratios between most central AuAu collisions
and proton proton collisions. All hadrons seem to be suppressed at hightransverse momenta as expected when traversing the Quark-gluon plasma.

in the proton spin. Figure 4 displays the current
knowledge of the total gluon spin contribution as
a function of the minimum Bjorken variable x.
To extend our knowledge to even lower x, more
forward measurements are ongoing at RHIC while
eventually an electron-ion collider will reach thelowest fractional momenta similar to HERA in theunpolarized case.
To evaluate the contribution of sea quarks theparity violation of the weak interaction was used inproton-proton collisions to select their contribution
in real W boson production. Their contributions
appear to be nonzero and not symmetric between
up- and down-type flavors.
Figure 3: Photon cross sections in AuAu and proton
proton collisions. An enhancement indicates thethermal radiation of the Quark-gluon plasma and allows
estimating its temperature.

Furthermore, many transverse spin effects,
originally expected to be low-energy phenomena,
continue to surprise to the highest collisions energies

Memorial Prize [3]. The low-energetic photon spectra

available at RHIC with the RHIC experiments

are shown in Figure 3 for Au-Au collisions at various

slowly unraveling its origins.

centralities in comparison to “cold” proton-proton
collisions and display an additional contribution due

1.5

to the thermal radiation within the QGP.

For the study of the spin structure of the nucleon

RHIC projection

DSSV 2014

EIC projection

1

data ≤ 2015¬√s = 78 GeVwith 90% C.L. band

min1part of this upgrade was performed by RIKEN.

∫xdx ∆g

QGP properties using heavy quarks which required
the installation of a silicon vertex tracker. A large

DIS + SIDIS

90% C.L. constraint

In recent years the focus moved towards studying

proton spin

0.5

for a long time spin double spin asymmetries inpolarized proton-proton collisions were small,ruling out extreme gluon spin contributions to

02

Q = 10 GeV

the spin of the nucleon as suggested by earlymodels (i.e., contributing several units of ħ to bemostly compensated by opposite orbital angularmomentum). With the high statistics data setsin the years 2009 [4] at a collision energy of200GeV and 2012/2013 [5] for energies of 510GeV
it is now established that the gluon spin plays asubstantial and potentially even dominant role [6]

-0.5
-5
10

10

-4

2

10

-3

10

-2

10

-1

xmin

1

Figure 4: Running integral of the gluon spin contribution to
the proton spin from non RHIC data (light blue), including
published RHIC data, expected improvements and an eventual
electron ion collider (in successively darker shades of blue).
The RHIC data first showed a rather substantial contribution. [7]PHENIX– looking at hot and cold nuclear matterand resurrecting itself again and again

As the name suggests,
PHENIX has re-emerged
already once and it isbound to do the sameo n c e m o r e r i g h t n o w.
Th e H ea v y I on p hysics
interest at RHIC moves
towards jets, and heavy
quark-antiquark states toprovide complementarymeasurements to the
LHC heavy ion program.
Also the study of the spin
structure is interested tolook at forward rapidities
which allows to accesstr a n s v er s e s pin effect s

Figure 5: GEANT4 Rendering of the sPHENIX detector including forward upgrades currently
under consideration in a 500 GeV proton-proton collision event.

unique to RHIC at higher
momentum fractions while also looking at lower
momentum fractions to pin down the gluon spin inregions not covered yet.
As such, PHENIX is currently re-inventing itself as

References:[1] K. Adcox et al.[PHENIX Collaboration], “Formation of dense
partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC:
Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration”, Nucl.
Phys. A757, 184 (2005)

sPHENIX and forward sPHENIX concentrating on[2] A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], ”Enhanced production

jet detection at central and forward rapidities withof direct photons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV andelectromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, tracking
and the former BABAR 1.5 Tesla solenoid magnet
being already transferred to BNL. These mostly
new systems could then even re-rise yet again in
the case the electron ion collider (EIC) is built at
BNL as a zero-day EIC detector currently dubbed as
ePHENIX.

implications for the initial temperature”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104,
132301 (2010)[3] www.nishina-m.or.jp/NishinaMemorialPrize-E.html[4] A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], “Inclusive doublehelicity asymmetries in neutral-pion and eta-meson production in
p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D91, 012007, (2014)[5] A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], ”Inclusive cross section
and double-helicity asymmetry for π0 production at midrapidity in
p+p collisions at √s=510 GeV,” Phys. Rev. D93, 011501 (2016)[6] D. de Florian, R. Sassot, M. Stratmann and W. Vogelsang,“Evidence for polarization of gluons in the proton”, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 113 , 012001 (2014)[7] E. Aschenauer, R. Sassot, M. Stratmann, "Unveiling the Proton
Spin Decomposition at a Future Electron-Ion Collider" Phys.Rev.
D92 (2015) 094030

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

C O N T E N T S
PagePREFACEPHENIX – looking at hot and cold nuclear matter and resurrecting itself again and again
Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR
Extension of the N=40 island of inversion to neutron-rich Cr and Fe isotopes·····················································
C. Santamaria et al.

1

Low-lying structure of 50Ar and the N = 32 subshell closure··········································································
D. Steppenbeck et al.

2

Candidate resonant tetraneutron state populated by the 4He(8He,8Be) reaction·····················································
K. Kisamori et al.

3Magnetic moment measurement of isomeric state in 75Cu·············································································
Y. Ichikawa et al.

4

Deuteron Analyzing Powers for d-p elastic scattering at 190 MeV/nucleon and three-nucleon force effects··················
K. Sekiguchi et al.

5

Measurement of multiple isobar chains as a first step toward SHE identification via mass spectrometry·······················
P. Schury, M. Wada, Y. Ito et al.

6

Gauge symmetry in the large-amplitude collective motion of superfluid nuclei····················································
K. Sato7

Cross section measurement for the spallation reaction of long-lived fission products·············································
H. Wang, H. Otsu et al.

8πFinal results of ALL
measurement at √ s = 510 GeV at mid-rapidity through a PHENIX experiment····························
I. Yoon9

AN of forward neutron production in √ s = 200 GeV polarized proton-nucleus collisions in the PHENIX expermient·······
M. Kim et al.

10

0

–

–

Search for the deeply bound K −pp state from the semi-inclusive forward-neutron spectrum in the in-flight K − reaction
on helium-3····························································································································
T. Hashimoto et al.

11

Phase-space distributions in QGP and thermal photons················································································A. Monnai

12Λb → p ℓ − ν−ℓ and Λb → Λc ℓ − ν−ℓ form factors from lattice QCD with relativistic heavy quarks····································
S. Meinel et al.

13

Development of carbon disk at the final stripping section·············································································
H. Hasebe et al.

14

Development of Particle identiﬁcation method of high-intensity secondary beams at BigRIPS·································
S. Ota et al.

15

The first on-line commissioning study on parasitic production of low-energy RI-beam system(PALIS) at BigRIPS·········
T. Sonoda et al.

16

NeuLAND demonstrator at SAMURAI: commissioning and efficiency studies···················································J. Kahlbow et al.

17

Beam commissioning of the rare-RI ring·································································································
Y. Yamaguchi et al.

18

Measurement of isochronism using 78Kr beam for the Rare RI Ring·································································
Y. Abe et al.

19

Possible muonic radical formation in cytochrome c····················································································
Y. Sugawara et al.

20

Development of a rapid solvent extraction apparatus for the aqueous chemistry of the heaviest elements·····················
Y. Komori et al.

21

Production of 67Cu using the 70Zn(d,αn)67Cu reaction···················································································
S. Yano et al.

22

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CONTENTS

Characteristics of genomic rearrangements induced by heavy-ion beam irradiation in Arabidopsis thaliana··················
T. Hirano et al.

23

Breeding of Summer-Autumn Flowering Chrysanthemum cv. Hakuryo with a little generation of malformed flower·······
A. Hisamura et al.

24

Ⅱ. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES I (Nuclear, Particle and Astro-Physics)

1. Nuclear Physics
Decay properties of 68,69,70Mn···············································································································
G. Benzoni, A.I. Morales

25

Excited states of 136−138Sb from β decay···································································································
J. Keatings, G. Simpson et al.

26

TZ = −1 and TZ = −2 β-decay studies using 78Kr fragmented beams at BigRIPS, part I············································
B. Rubio et al.

27

TZ = −1 and TZ = −2 β-decay studies using 78Kr fragmented beams at BigRIPS, part II···········································
B. Rubio et al.

28

Isospin symmetry studies beyond the f7/2 shell: study of the beta decay of 70,71Kr··················································
A. Algora et al.

29

Discovery of a μs isomer of 76Co··········································································································P-A Söderström et al.

30

Determination of Qβ for the Gamow-Teller decay of 100Sn and 98Cd··································································
D. Lubos and J. Park

31

Investigation of octupole correlations of neutron-rich Z ~ 56 isotopes by β-γ spectroscopy······································
R. Yokoyama et al.

32

Study of neutron-rich 142Xe using β-decay spectroscopy···············································································
A. Yagi et al.

33

New neutron-deficient isotopes from 78Kr fragmentation··············································································
B. Blank et al.

34

Second campaign of the SEASTAR project······························································································
P. Doornenbal et al.

35

Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of 77Cu·······················································································
E. Sahin et al.

36

Coulomb excitation of 136Te studied with the DALI2 spectrometer··································································
V. Vaquero et al.

37

Experimental study of isoscalar and isovector dipole resonances in neutron-rich oxygen isotopes······························
N. Nakatsuka et al.

38

Study of the pygmy dipole resonance of 132Sn and 128Sn in inelastic α-scattering··················································
J. Tscheuschner and T. Aumann

39

E1 strength around threshold in 70Ni······································································································
R. Avigo and O. Wieland40

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 55Sc·······································································································
D. Steppenbeck et al.

41

Spectroscopy of unbound oxygen isotopes II····························································································
Y. Kondo et al.

42

First commissioning results for SπRIT-TPC·····························································································
M. Kurata-Nishimura et al.

43

Study on neutron-neutron correlation in Borromean nuclei via the (p, pn) reaction with the SAMURAI spectrometer······
Y. Kubota et al.

44

Study of Gamow-Teller transition from 132Sn via the (p, n) reaction in inverse kinematics·······································
J. Yasuda et al.

45

Progress report of Gamow−Teller giant resonance studies at RIBF··································································
M. Sasano et al.

46

Interaction cross section measurement of neutron-rich nuclei 17,19B··································································A. T. Saito et al47

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Time-of-Flight mass measurements of neutron-rich Ca isotopes beyond N = 34···················································
M. Kobayashi et al.

48

Isomer spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei near N = 40···············································································
Y. Kiyokawa et al.

49

The (16O, 16F(0−)) reaction to study spin-dipole 0− states···············································································
M. Dozono et al.

50

Spectroscopy of single-particle states in oxygen isotopes via the AO(p, 2p) reaction··············································
S. Kawase et al.

51

Spectroscopic factors of the proton bound states in 23,25F ··············································································
T.L. Tang et al.

52

Spin-dipole response of 4He by exothermic charge exchange (8He,8Li* (1+))·······················································
H. Miya et al.

53

Magnetic moment measurement of isomeric state in 99Zr and characterization of the abrasion-fission mechanism···········
F. Boulay, J.M. Daugas et al.

54

First dedicated in-beam X-ray measurement at GARIS················································································
C. Berner

55

Isotope identification in nuclear emulsion plate for double-hypernuclear study····················································
S. Kinbara et al.

56

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of neutron-rich 39S·······································································
Y. Ishibashi et al.

57

Polarization measurements of 39S for β -NMR studies··················································································
A. Gladkov et al.

58

β-NMR measurement in coincidence with β-delayed γ rays of 39S···································································
L.C. Tao et al.

59

First application of the Trojan Horse Method with a radioactive ion beam: study of the 18F(p,α)15O reaction
at astrophysical energies·············································································································
S. Cherubini et al.

60

Different mechanism of two-proton emission from excited states of proton-rich nuclei 23Al and 22Mg·························
Y.G. Ma et al.

61

Observation of resonances in 14C with 10Be+α resonant elastic scattering at CRIB················································
H. Yamaguchi et al.

62

New Trojan Horse study of the 18F(p, α)15O reaction at astrophysical energies·····················································
S. Cherubini et al.

63

17

F elastic scattering and total reaction cross section on 58Ni target around Coulomb barrier·····································
C.J. Lin, N.R. Ma et al.

64

Measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15O·························································································
A. Kim et al.

65

RI beam production at BigRIPS in 2015·································································································
Y. Shimizu et al.

66

Production cross section measurement for radioactive isotopes produced from 78Kr beam at 345 MeV/nucleon
by BigRIPS separator·················································································································
H. Suzuki et al.

68

Production cross-section measurements for the systematics of Na and Mg isotopes with 48Ca beam···························
D.S. Ahn et al.

69

RI-beam production using BigRIPS separator in regions heavier than those belonging to lead isotope························
T. Sumikama et al.

70

Development of a slowed-down beam of 82Ge at RIBF················································································
T. Sumikama et al.

71

Target study for magnetic moment measurement of 40Sc···············································································
Y. Ishibashi et al.

72

Giant dipole resonance built on hot rotating nuclei produced during evaporation of light particles
from the 88Mo compound nucleus···································································································
M. Ciemala et al.

73

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CONTENTS

Experimental investigation on the temperature dependence of the nuclear level density parameter·····························
B. Dey et al.

74

2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)
Impurity effects of the Λ particle on the 2α cluster states of 9Be and 10Be···························································
M. Isaka and M. Kimura

75

Excited states above the Hoyle state······································································································
Y. Funaki

76

Shell-model fits for N = 82 isotones·······································································································
M. Honma et al.

77

Soft negative-parity excitations of rotating super- and hyperdeformed states around 40Ca studied
by Skyrme-RPA calculations········································································································
M. Yamagami and K. Matsuyanagi

78

Pairing Reentrance in warm rotating 104Pd nucleus·····················································································
N. Quang Hung et al.

79

Effects of thermal shape fluctuations and pairing fluctuations on the giant dipole resonance in warm nuclei··················
A.K. Rhine Kumar et al.

80

Stability of the wobbling motion in an odd-A nucleus·················································································
K. Tanabe, K. Sugawara-Tanabe

81

Constraints on the neutron skin and the symmetry energy from the anti-analog giant dipole resonance in 208Pb··············
Cao, Roca-Maza, Colo and Sagawa

82

Variational study of the equation of state for neutron star matter with hyperons···················································
H. Togashi et al.

83

Joint project for large-scale nuclear structure calculations in 2015···································································
N. Shimizu et al.

84

3. Nuclear Data
Measurements of secondary neutrons produced from thin Be and C by 50 MeV/u 238U beam···································
H.S. Lee et al.

85

Coulomb breakup reactions of long-lived fission products, 79Se, 93Zr, and 107Pd····················································S. Takeuchi et al.

86

Cross section measurement of residues in proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions of 93Zr and 93Nb···············
S. Kawase et al.

87

Simulation of thick-target transmission method for interaction cross sections of 93Zr on 12C·····································
M. Aikawa et al.

88

Nuclear data study for the development of transmutation technology·······························································
S. Ebata et al.

89

Compilation of nuclear reaction data from the RIBF in 2015·········································································
D. Ichinkhorloo et al.

90

New EXFOR editor: a review of recent developments·················································································
A. Sarsembayeva et al.

91

4. Hadron Physics
Determination of the detector acceptance correction for the PHENIX W → μ analysis···········································
S. Park

93

Overall trigger efficiency estimation for W analysis at PHENIX·····································································
Sangwha Park and Ralf Seidl

94–

Status of longitudinal double helicity asymmetries (ALL) in π± productions in √ s = 510 GeV polarized p + p collisions
in RHIC-PHENIX experiment······································································································
T. Moon et al.

95

Quality assurance of PHENIX spin database for Run 15 at RHIC····································································
S. Karthas et al.

96

Gain calibration of the PHENIX Shower Max Detector (SMD)······································································
J. Yoo et al.

97

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Measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry for J/ψ production in polarized p+p and p+Au collisions at PHENIX····
C. Xu, H. Yu and X. Wang

98

Studies on transverse spin properties of nucleons at PHENIX········································································
Y. Goto99

Investigation of prompt photon asymmetries using the MPC-EX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory··············
D. Kapukchyan

100—

Analysis of displaced electron tracks with the silicon vertex tracker in Au+Au collisions √ s = 200 GeV
at RHIC-PHENIX·····················································································································
H. Asano et al.
NN

101

Current status of open heavy flavor measurements in RHIC-PHENIX RUN14····················································
K. Nagashima et al.

102

Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron decays in Au+Au collisions at √ s
T. Hachiya et al.

= 200 GeV········

103= 200 GeV································

104

Searching for mini-QGP in p+p collisions using a high multiplicity trigger with the FVTX·····································
S. Han et al.

105

Silicon tracker for sPHENIX···············································································································
I. Nakagawa et al.

106

Forward Jet asymmetry measurements in fsPHENIX··················································································
R. Seidl and A. Vossen

107

Towards measurment of direct photons via external conversions in high multiplicity pp collisions at 13 TeV················
H. Murakami

108

Neutral pion production in pp collisions at LHC energies·············································································
Satoshi Yano

109

Long-range correlation of V0 particles in p-Pb collisions at √ s
Y. Sekiguchi= 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector························

110

Search for exotic dibaryons at LHC-ALICE·····························································································
K. Terasaki et al.

111

RHICf experiment to measure cross section and asymmetry in very forward neutral particle production at RHIC···········
T. Sako et al.

112

Fragmentation function measurements in Belle·························································································
R. Seidl et al.

113

Progress of Drell−Yan experiment by SeaQuest at Fermilab··········································································
K. Nagai et al.

114

—

—

Measurements of directed, elliptic, and triangular flow in Cu+Au collisions at √ s
H. Nakagomi for the PHENIX

—
NN

NN

NN

5. Hadron Physics (Theory)
P-odd spectral density of quark-gluon plasma at weak coupling······································································
H.-U. Yee

115

Legendre expansion of longitudinal two-particle correlations········································································A. Monnai and B. Schenke

116

Constraining shear viscosity of QCD matter at forward rapidity·····································································
G. Denicol et al.

117

Axial current generation by P-odd domain in QCD matter············································································
I. Iatrakis, S. Lin and Y. Yin

118

Anomalous chiral effects in heavy ion collisions·······················································································JINFENG LIAO

119

Transverse momentum dependent jet model for quark fragmentation functions····················································
W. Bentz and K. Yazaki

120

Perturbative matching for quasi-PDFs between continuum and lattice······························································
T. Ishikawa

121

Chiral contamination in nucleon correlation functions·················································································
B.C. Tiburzi

122

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CONTENTS

High-precision calculation of the strange nucleon electromagnetic form factors···················································J. Green, S. Meinel et al.

123

6. Particle Physics
Lattice determination of |Vus| with inclusive hadronic τ decay experiment···························································
T. Izubuchi and H. Ohki

125

Standard-model prediction for direct CP violation in K → ππ decays·······························································
C. Kelly

126

Dipolar quantization and the infinite circumference limit of 2d CFT································································
T. Tada127

Revision of the brick wall method for calculating the black hole thermodynamic quantities·····································
F. Lenz, K. Ohta and K. Yazaki

128

Direct detection of composite dark matter via electromagnetic polarizability······················································
E.T. Neil et al.

129

7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology
Diagnose oscillation properties observed in an annual ice-core oxygen isotope record obtained
from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica····························································································
Y. Hasebe et al.
Box-model simulation for variation of atmospheric chemical composition caused by solar energetic particles···············
Y. Nakai et al.
Overview of the chemical composition and characteristics of Na+ and Cl− distributions in samples
from Antarctic ice core DF01 (Dome Fuji) drilled in 2001·····································································
Y. Motizuki et al.

131
132

133

8. Accelerator
Energy upgrade for biological applications······························································································
N. Fukunishi et al.

135

Installation of changeover switches for dipole and quadrupole magnet on a new beam transport line··························
K. Kumagai et al.

136

Progress in high-temperature-oven development for 28 GHz ECR ion source·····················································
J. Ohnishi et al.

137

Search for suitable scintillation materials for the pepper-pot type emittance meter for diagnostics
of low-energy heavy ion beams from an ECR ion source·······································································
T. Nagatomo et al.

138

Design of input coupler for RIKEN superconducting quarter-wavelength resonator··············································
K. Ozeki et al.

139

Study of plasma window for larger aperture·····························································································
N. Ikoma et al.

140

Plasma spectroscopy for ECR ion source tuning at RIKEN···········································································
H. Muto et al.

141

Status of cryopumps in accelerator facilities·····························································································
Y. Watanabe et al.

142

Nishina RIBF water-cooling system······································································································
T. Maie et al.

143

Development of pepper-pot emittance monitor for AVF cyclotron···································································
Y. Kotaka et al.

144

HTc-SQUID beam current monitor at the RIBF·························································································
T. Watanabe et al.

145

Radiation monitoring in the RIBF using ionization chamber··········································································
M. Nakamura et al.

146

Improvement of the RIBF control system································································································
M. Komiyama et al.

147

Control system renewal for efficient operation of RIKEN 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source··················
A. Uchiyama et al.

148

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

EPICS PV management and method for RIBF control system········································································
A. Uchiyama et al.

149

New operation interface for rf voltage and phase of RIBF cyclotrons using rotary encoder······································
K. Yamada et al.

150

Development of a buffer gas-free Buncher for SCRIT experiments··································································
K. Yamada et al.

151

Lithium ion production for laser ion source······························································································
M. Okamura et al.

152

Response of an axial magnetic field to injection of laser ablation plasma···························································
S. Ikeda et al.

153

Peformance of a fast kicker magnet for Rare-RI Ring··················································································
H. Miura et al.

154

9. Instrumentation
Ion-optical study of additive and subtractive modes of BigRIPS·····································································
H. Takeda et al.

155

PPAC high-rate study with Z ～ 50 beams (MS-EXP15-09)··········································································
H. Sato et al.

156

ANSYS code calculations for measuring beam spot temperature····································································
Z. Korkulu et al.

157

Measurement of beam-spot temperature on production target at BigRIPS··························································
Y. Yanagisawa et al.

158

Temperature measurements of the high power beam dump of the BigRIPS separator·············································
K. Yoshida et al.

159

Production of low-energy 4.17 MeV/nucleon 9C beam with polyethylene degrader at RIPS·····································
E. Milman et al.

160

SpiRITROOT: an analysis framework for the SπRIT experiment····································································
G. Jhang et al.

161

Construction of readout system for SPiRIT-TPC························································································
T. Isobe et al.

162

Multiplicity trigger array for the SπRIT experiment····················································································
M. Kaneko et al.

163

Performance test of the silicon tracker for the heavy-ion-proton experiments at SAMURAI····································
V. Panin et al.

164

Development for proton detector NINJA at SAMURAI magnet gap with VME-EASIROC readout····························
N. Chiga et al.

165

Frame design for the γ-ray detector array CATANA····················································································
N. Chiga et al.

166

Status of the (p, 2p) silicon tracker for upcoming fission experiments with the SAMURAI spectrometer·····················
S. Reichert, M. Sako et al.

167

Development of the He-filling system for the SAMURAI spectrometer·····························································
V. Panin et al.

168

Beta-delayed neutron measurement with new detector NiGIRI·······································································
V. H. Phong et al.

169

Low-pressure MWDC system for ESPRI experiment (II)·············································································
Y. Matsuda et al.

170

Development of a new low-energy neutron detector with pulse shape discrimination properties for (p,n) experiments······
L. Stuhl et al.

171

Hyperpolarization of flowing water by dynamic nuclear polarization·······························································
K. Yamada et al.

172

Design study of triplet-resonance circuit to polarize 13C spins utilizing dynamic nuclear polarizationand cross polarization················································································································
T. Kaneko, K. Tateishi and T. Uesaka

173

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CONTENTS

Dependence of spin-polarized proton target performance on microwave resonator thickness parameterand operation temperature···········································································································
S. Chebotaryov et al.

174

Pressure dependence of effective gas gain of THGEM in deuterium gas····························································
C.S. Lee et al.

175

Development of 178m2Hf isomer target·····································································································
N. Kitamura et al.

176

Construction of OEDO beamline··········································································································
S. Michimasa et al.

177

Simulation study of a new energy-degrading beamline, OEDO······································································
M. Matsushita et al.

178

Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up in the commissioning of Rare RI Ring··············································
F. Suzaki et al.

179

Online results for the injection ion optics of the Rare RI Ring········································································
Z. Ge et al.

180

Circulation detector for Rare RI Ring·····································································································
D. Nagae

181

Study on background suppression of charged particles using GARIS-II filled with He-H2 mixture·····························
D. Kaji et al.

182

Current status of a gas-cell system for precision experiments with GARIS-II······················································
Y. Ito et al.

183

Extraction of multi-nucleon transfer reaction products in the 136Xe and 198Pt system··············································
Y. Hirayama et al.

184

Measuring luminosity of electron scattering from Xe isotopes at the SCRIT experiment·········································
A. Enokizono et al.

185

Current status of RI beam production at electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT (ERIS)·································
T. Ohnishi et al.

186

Commissioning of SCRIT electron scattering facility with stable nuclear targets··················································
K. Tsukada et al.

187

New design of timing-controller circuit board for accelerators in the SCRIT facility·············································
M. Watanabe et al.

188

All-solid-state continuous-wave laser source at 313 nm for laser cooling of Be+ ions·············································
A. Takamine et al.

189

An injection-locked Titanium:Sapphire laser for high-resolution in-jet resonance ionization spectroscopy at PALIS········
M. Reponen et al.

190

Development of magnetic field coils for laser spectroscopy of atoms in He II·····················································
T. Fujita et al.

191

Intensity evaluation of laser-RF double resonance signal of Rb atoms in superfluid helium cryostat···························
K. Imamura et al.

192

Formation of uniform heavy-ion beam for industrial utilization······································································
T. Kambara and A. Yoshida

193

Gamma-ray inspection of rotating object·································································································
T. Kambara et al.

194

Development of a new cluster reconstruction method for GEM Tracker for the J-PARC E16 experiment·····················
W. Nakai et al.

195

Study of the effect of radiation damage on the quantum efficiency of a CsI photocathode·······································
K. Kanno

196

Performance of the FVTX high-multiplicity trigger system for the RHIC-PHENIX experiment Run15·······················
T. Nagashima et al.

197

R&D of silicon strip detector for the sPHENIX tracker················································································
G. Mitsuka et al.

198

Development of sensor prototype for sPHENIX Silicon Tracker·····································································
Y. Akiba et al.

199

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Implementation of the TDC function in the GTO·······················································································
T. Yoshida et al.

200

New functions in Generic Trigger Operator······························································································
H. Baba et al.

201

Upgrade of trigger circuits and DAQ modules for SAMURAI·······································································
Y. Togano et al.

202

Tests of the Advanced Implantation Detector Array (AIDA) at RIBF ·······························································
C. Griffin, T. Davinson et al.

203

CCJ operations in 2015·····················································································································
S. Yokkaichi et al.

204

Computing and network environment at the RIKEN Nishina Center································································
T. Ichihara et al.

205

Ⅲ. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES II (Material Science and Biology)

1. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Ion)
Site change of hydrogen owing to lattice distortion in Nb alloys·····································································
C. Sugi et al.

207

Superconducting proximity effects in Nb/rare-earth bilayers··········································································
H. Yamazaki

208

Evaluation of single event transient error rate related to operation frequency on 64bit SOI micro processor··················
A. Maru et al.

209

2. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Muon)
μSR study of the Cu-spin correlation in heavily electron-doped high-Tc Tʼ-cuprates··············································
T. Adachi et al.

211

Magnetic ordering in YBa2Cu3O6··········································································································
S.S. Mohd-Tajudin

212

μSR study of an insulator near high-Tc honeycomb lattice superconductors························································
S. Shamoto and I. Watanabe

213

Investigation of magnetic ground states in mixed kagome systems (Rb1−x Csx)2Cu3SnF12 II·······································
T. Suzuki et al.

214µSR Result on Magnetic ground state of Ce1−x LaxT2Al10 (T = Ru, Os) ······························································
N. Adam et al.

215

μSR study on the Kondo semiconductor (Cex La1−x)Ru2Al10···········································································
N. Adam et al.

216

Disappearing of the Ir-ordered state in the Pyrochlore iridates (Nd,Ca)2Ir2O7 studied by μSR···································
R. Asih et al.

217

μSR investigation of novel magnetism in the 4d Heisenberg-Kitaev honeycomb compound α-RuCl3··························
Sungwon Yoon et al.

218

Investigation of the magnetic ground state of frustrated spin system Rb2Cu2Mo3O12··············································
S. Ohira-Kawamura et al.

219

Spin dynamics for p electrons in CsO2 and NaO2·······················································································
D.P. Sari et al.

220

μSR study of spin dynamics in Cu-based organic-inorganic hybrid systems························································
E. Suprayoga et al.

221

Study of frustrated antiferromagnetic states by μSR····················································································
M. Abdel-Jawad et al.

222

Antiferromagnetic ordering in organic π − d hybrids [Pd(tmdt)2]·····································································
R. Takagi et al.

223

Solute-vacancy clustering in Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si alloys···············································································
K. Nishimura et al.

224

Li-ion diffusion in Li-ion battery material LiFe1−x Mnx PO4············································································
I. Umegaki et al.

225

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CONTENTS

Development of RF cavity for MuSEUM experiment in a zero magnetic field·····················································
K.S. Tanaka

226

Development of magnetic shield for the MuSEUM experiment······································································
S. Kanda

227

Ultra-slow muon production at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility based on muonium emission from silica aerogel············
S. Okada et al.

228

Development of a slow muon detection system for a muon acceleration····························································
R. Kitamura

229

FAMU experiment: studies on the muon transfer process in a mixture of hydrogen and higher Z gas··························
A. Vacchi et al.

230

Development of mid-infrared laser for the measurement of muonic hydrogen atom hyperfine splitting energy···············
S. Aikawa et al.

231

3. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry
Production of neutron deficient Rf isotopes in 208Pb + 48,50Ti reactions·······························································
S. Goto et al.

233

Off-line experiments of isothermal gas chromatography for Zr and Hf tetrachlorides·············································
K. Shirai et al.

234

Adsorption behavior of No with a TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO3 acidic solutions······································
Y. Fukuda et al.

235

Extraction behavior of Mo and W from sulfuric acid into Aliquat336 as model experiments for seaborgium (Sg)···········
A. Mitsukai et al

236

Solid-liquid extraction of Nb and Ta with Aliquat 336 resin from HF solutions for chemical experimentof element 105, Db ···················································································································
D. Sato et al.

237

Extraction behaviors of chloride complexes of Nb and Ta with triisooctyl amine for chemical experimentof dubnium (Db)······················································································································
R. Motoyama et al.

238

Development of an automated batch-type solid-liquid extraction apparatus and extraction of Zr, Hf, and Th
by triisooctylamine from HCl solutions for chemistry of element 104, Rf····················································
Y. Kasamatsu et al.

239

Solvent extraction of Zr and Hf using the online flow-type extraction apparatus for superheavy elements····················
Y. Kasamatsu et al.

240

Solvent extraction behavior of Zr and Hf with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid for aqueous chemistry of Rf·················
R. Yamada et al.

241

99

Ru Mössbauer spectroscopy of Na-ion batteries of Na2RuO3 (II)···································································
K. Takahashi et al.

242

Quantitative study on metallofullerene separation by chemical reduction···························································
K. Akiyama et al.

243

Production cross sections of (d,x) reactions on natural platinum·····································································
M.U. Khandaker and H. Haba

244

Measurement of production cross sections of Re isotopes in the natW(d,x) reactions··············································
Y. Komori et al.

245

Alpha particle induced cross section measurements on natural and enriched Cd at 50 MeV·····································
F. Ditrói, S. Takács and H. Haba

246

Excitation function of α-induced reaction on natPd for 103Ag production·····························································
M. Aikawa et al.

247

Excitation functions of deuteron-induced reactions on natural nickel································································AR Usman, MU Khanda and H. Haba

248

Cross checking of monitor reactions at RIKEN AVF cyclotron using 50 MeV alpha particle beams···························
S.Takács et al.

249

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

4. Radiation Chemistry and Biology
The defect of non-homologous end joining substantially enhanced the focus formation of Rad51 after X-ray irradiation,
but not after heavy-ion irradiation··································································································
M. Izumi and T. Abe

251

Low-dose high-LET heavy ion-induced bystander signaling (II)·····································································
M. Tomita et al.

252

Effects of several LET conditions on the mutation isolation system in fruit flies··················································
K. Tsuneizumi and T. Abe

253

Development of a high-performance bioinformatics pipeline for rice exome sequencing········································
H. Ichida et al.

254

Molecular characterization of mutations induced in PLASTOCHRON2 by a heavy-ion beam in dry rice seeds···············
R. Morita et al.

255

Effect of Ar-ion beam irradiation on imbibed seed of rice·············································································
Y. Hayashi et al.

256

Relationship between early-flowering mutation and LET-Gy combination of ion beam irradiation in einkorn wheat········
K. Murai et al.

257

Improvement of DelMapper: software for deletion mapping of non-recombining region·········································
K. Ishii et al.

258

A new physical mapping of the Silene latifolia Y chromosome·······································································
Y. Kazama et al.

259

Sexual reproduction observed in the loss-of-apomixis mutants of guineagrass induced by heavy-ion beam irradiation·····
M. Takahara et al.

260

Induction of flower color mutants by heavy-ion irradiation to leaf blades of spray-mum ‘Southern Chelsea’·················Y. Tanokashira et al.

261

Production of mutant line with early flowering at a low temperature in spray-type chrysanthemum cultivar inducedby C-ion beam irradiation············································································································
K. Sakamoto et al.

262

Agronomic characteristics of new edible chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Yamaen K4’ induced by heavy-ion beam irradiation·····
S. Endo et al.

263

Isolation of dwarf mutants induced with C-ion beam irradiation in pea cultivar ‘‘Kishu-usui’’··································
Y. Kotani et al.

264

Robust strains isolated by heavy-ion beam irradiation and endurance screening in the green algae,
Haematococcus pluvialis·············································································································
T. Takeshita et al.

265

Particle beam radiation of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake that produces the prized,
but uncultivable, mushroom “matsutake”·························································································
H. Murata et al.

266

Microbeam divergence from glass capillaries compared with simulation for biological use·····································
T. Ikeda et al.

267

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS
Program Advisory Committee meetings for nuclear physics and for materials and life experiments····························
K. Yoneda et al.

269

Beam-time statistics of RIBF experiments·······························································································
K. Yoneda et al.

270

Electric power condition of Wako campus in 2015·····················································································
E. Ikezawa et al.

271

Radiation safety management at RIBF···································································································
Kanenobu Tanaka et al.

272

RILAC operation····························································································································
E. Ikezawa et al.

274

AVF operations in 2015·····················································································································
T. Nakamura et al.

275

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CONTENTS

Present status of the liquid-helium supply and recovery system······································································
T. Dantsuka et al.

276

Present status of the BigRIPS cryogenic plant···························································································
K. Kusaka et al.

277

Maintenance of vacuum for accelerators·································································································
S. Watanabe et al.

278

Operation of fee-based activities by the industrial cooperation team·································································
A. Yoshida et al.

279

Operation of the tandem accelerator······································································································
T. Kobayashi and M. Hamagaki

280

Operation report on the ring-cyclotrons in the RIBF accelerator complex··························································
M. Nishida et al.

281

Ⅴ. EVENTS
CHEP2015 - 21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics·······························
Y. Watanabe

283

TAN15 - 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements···························
H. Haba284

The 9th Nishina School·····················································································································
H. Ueno and T. Kishida285

HIAT2015-13th International Conference on Heavy ion Accelerator Technology·················································
N. Sakamoto and O. Kamigaito

286

RIBF Users Meeting 2015··················································································································
N. Imai et al.

287

Quark Matter 2015··························································································································
Y. Akiba, H. Hamagaki and T. Hatsuda

288

Physics with Fragment Separators - 25th Anniversary of RIKEN Projectile Fragment Separator (RIPS25)···················
T. Kubo289

Ⅵ. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF RIKEN NISHINA CENTER(Activities, Members, Publications & Presentations)
1. Organization·······························································································································

291

2. Finances····································································································································

292

3. Staffing·····································································································································

293

4. Research publication·····················································································································

294

5. Management·······························································································································

294

6. International Collaboration··············································································································

300

7. Awards······································································································································

302

8. Brief overview of the RI Beam Factory·······························································································

303

Theoretical Research Division
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory······························································································

305

Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory···························································································

315

Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory··························································································

319

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Radiation Laboratory·················································································································

322

Advanced Meson Science Laboratory······························································································

328

RIKEN-BNL Research Center······································································································

334

Theory Group···················································································································

335

Computing Group··············································································································

339

Experimental Group············································································································

346

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIKEN Facility Office at RAL······································································································

350

RIBF Research Division
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory···························································································

357

Spin isospin Laboratory··············································································································

364

Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory··································································································

371

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory·····························································································

375

Astro-Glaciology Research Unit····································································································

378

Research Group for Superheavy Element ·························································································

380

Superheavy Element Production Team······················································································

383

Superheavy Element Device Development Team··········································································

385

Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group·····················································································

387

Fast RI Data Team··············································································································

388

Slow RI Data Team·············································································································

390

Muon Data Team···············································································································

391

High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group···························································································

392

High-Gradient Cavity R&D Team···························································································

393

High-Power Target R&D Team·······························································································

394

Accelerator Group····················································································································

395

Accelerator R&D Team········································································································

396

Ion Source Team················································································································

398

RILAC Team····················································································································

400

Cyclotron Team·················································································································

401

Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team·······················································································

404

Cryogenic Technology Team··································································································

406

Infrastructure Management Team····························································································

407

Instrumentation Development Group······························································································409

SLOWRI Team·················································································································

410

Rare RI-ring Team··············································································································

414

SCRIT Team····················································································································

418

Research Instruments Group········································································································

421

BigRIPS Team··················································································································

422

SAMURAI Team···············································································································

426

Computing and Network Team·······························································································

428

Detector Team···················································································································

430

Accelerator Applications Research Group·························································································

433

Ion Beam Breeding Team·····································································································434

RI Applications Team··········································································································

438

User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group··················································································

444

RIBF User Liaison Team (User Support Office)···········································································

445

Industrial Cooperation Team··································································································

446

Safety Management Group··········································································································

448

Partner Institution····························································································································

451

Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo···········································

452

Center for Radioactive Ion Beam Sciences, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Niigata University··········

465

Wako Nuclear Science Center, IPNS (Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies),
KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization)·································································

469

Events (April 2015 - March 2016)········································································································

471

Press Releases (April 2015 - March 2016)·······························································································

472

Ⅶ. LIST OF PREPRINTS
List of Preprints (April 2015 - March 2016)·····························································································

473

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS
List of Symposia & Workshops (April 2015 - March 2016)···········································································

477

List of Seminars (April 2015 - March 2016)·····························································································

479

I. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR<< Selection process of highlights >>Highlights are selected by a two-step process. In the first step, a referee who reviews a manuscript decides
whether she/he would recommend it as one of the highlights.
Members of the editorial board then make additional recommendations if they think an important contribution
has not been recommended by the referee.
The second step involves the editor-in-chief proposing a list of highlights based on the recommendation given
above to the editorial board. After discussing the scientific merits and uniqueness of the manuscripts fromviewpoints of experts/non-experts, the editorial board makes the final decision.

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Extension of the N=40 island of inversion to neutron-rich Cr and Fe
isotopes†
C. Santamaria,∗1,∗2 C. Louchart ,∗3 A. Obertelli,∗1,∗2 V. Werner ,∗3 P. Doornenbal ,∗2 F. Nowacki ,∗4
G. Authelet ,∗1,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 D. Calvet,∗1,∗2 F. Château,∗1 A. Corsi,∗1,∗2 A. Delbart ,∗1,∗2 J.-M. Gheller,∗1,∗2
A. Gillibert,∗1,∗2 T. Isobe ,∗2 V. Lapoux,∗1,∗2 M. Matsushita ,∗5 S. Momiyama ,∗2,∗6 T. Motobayashi ,∗2
M. Niikura,∗6 H. Otsu,∗2 C. Péron,∗1,∗2 A. Peyaud,∗1,∗2 E.C. Pollacco,∗1 J.-Y. Roussé ,∗1,∗2 H. Sakurai ,∗2,∗6
M. Sasano ,∗2 Y. Shiga ,∗2,∗7 S. Takeuchi,∗2 R. Taniuchi ,∗2,∗6 T. Uesaka,∗2 H. Wang,∗2 K. Yoneda,∗2
and the SEASTAR collaboration

Counts (20 keV/bin)

The N = 40 island of inversion has been further
explored towards the N = 50 shell closure. The 2+
1
66
and 4+Cr and 70,72 Fe neutron-rich
1 states in theisotopes have been measured from in-beam γ spectroscopy at the RIBF. The measurements were partof the first campaign of the SEASTAR program 1) .
The SEASTAR setup is composed of the DALI2 highefficiency gamma spectrometer2) and the MINOS device3) composed of a 100-mm thick liquid hydrogen target and a vertex tracker. Low-energy states in 66 Cr and
70,72
Fe were populated via (p, 2p) reactions induced by67
Mn and 71,73 Co.
A 238 U beam was accelerated to 345 MeV/nucleon
and impinged on a 3-mm thick 9 Be primary target atthe entrance of the BigRIPS separator with a mean
intensity of 12 pnA. Two beam settings were tuned
for 67 Mn and 71,73 Co, respectively. The identification of beam particles and secondary residues were
performed event by event from the BigRIPS and ZeroDegree spectrometers, respectively. The incident energies at the entrance (exit) of the secondary target
were ∼260 (∼200) MeV/nucleon for 67 Mn and 71,73 Co.
Their intensities were measured to be 12 s−1 , 45 s−1
and 6 s−1 , respectively. The total beam intensity on
target for the two settings was about 6 kHz.

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Cr

50

500

1000

Energy (keV)

1500

Energy (MeV)3
LNPS-mLiteratureThis work

2

+

4
1

+

2
36

A plateau in the 2+ and 4+ energy systematics is observed for Cr and Fe isotopes beyond N=38 and N=40,
respectively. Fig. 1 shows the spectrum of 66 Cr (top)and the systematics of the first 2+ and 4+ states for
Cr isotopes (bottom). The data are well reproduced bystate-of-the-art shell model calculations with a modified version of the LNPS interaction4) . This plateau
was interpreted within the shell model as an extension of the N=40 island of inversion towards N=50.
Whereas quadrupole collectivity is maximum at N=40,
the evolution of pairing correlations slightly shifts the+minimum of 2+
1 and 41 energies.
†

66

100

38

N

40

42

Fig. 1. (Top) Spectrum of 66 Cr. (Bottom) Systematics of+
low-lying 2+
1 and 41 states in Cr isotopes.

This study has been partly supported by JSPS throughthe long-term fellowship L-13520 at the RIKEN
Nishina center, by the ERC through the grant MINOS258567, and by the IPA program of RIKEN.
References
1) Shell Evolution And Search for Two-plus states At the
RIBF, RIKEN Proposal for Scientific Program (2013).
2) S. Takeuchi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 763, 596 (2014).
3) A. Obertelli et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 8 (2014).
4) S. Lenzi et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 054301 (2010).

Condensed from the article:
C. Santamaria et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 192501 (2015).
CEA, Centre de Saclay
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt
IPHC, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Strasbourg
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University-1-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Low-lying structure of 50 Ar and the N = 32 subshell closure†
D. Steppenbeck,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗2 N. Aoi,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗4 H. Wang,∗1 Y. Utsuno,∗5
H. Baba,∗1 S. Go,∗6 J. Lee,∗7 K. Matsui,∗8 S. Michimasa,∗4 T. Motobayashi,∗1 D. Nishimura,∗9 T. Otsuka,∗4,∗8
H. Sakurai,∗1,∗8 Y. Shiga,∗10 N. Shimizu,∗4 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 R. Taniuchi,∗8J. J. Valiente-Dobón,∗11 and K. Yoneda∗1
50
The 2+
Ar indicates an increase in energy
1 state inrelative to its even-even neighbour 48 Ar and, therefore,
naively suggests the presence of a sizable subshell closure at N = 32 in Ar isotopes. In order to investigate
the nature of the increase in energy in more detail,large-scale shell-model calculations employing a modified version of the SDPF-MU Hamiltonian4) were performed; the modifications were based on recent experimental data from exotic Ca1) and K5) isotopes. The
predictions reproduce the experimental energy levels
in lighter Ar isotopes, and the results of the present
work, in a satisfactory manner. Moreover, the calculations indicate that the magnitude of the N = 32
subshell closure in 50 Ar is equally as significant as thegaps in 52 Ca and 54 Ti, where the experimental evidence for this magic number is well documented. The
calculations also indicate a rather high 2+
1 energy in
52
Ar and, therefore, experimental input on this nucleus is encouraged to investigate the significance of
the N = 34 subshell closure in more exotic systems.

It is now well known that far from the line of βstability the nuclear magic numbers can change fromtheir standard values. For example, in the pf shell, theonset of a new magic number at N = 32 has been reported along the Cr, Ti, and Ca isotopic chains, whilea sizable gap at N = 34 was deduced from the structure of 54 Ca1) . Very recently, the persistence of the
N = 32 subshell closure was established in systems
below the Z = 20 core2) . In the present work, the lowlying structure of 50 Ar has been investigated to shedlight on the character of the N = 32 magic number atmore extreme neutron-to-proton ratios. Preliminary
results are discussed in Ref.3) .
A primary beam of 70 Zn30+ ions with a typical intensity of ∼ 60 pnA was used to generate a fast radioactive beam containing 54 Ca, 55 Sc, and 56 Ti, amongst
other products. The constituents were identified using
the BigRIPS separator and focused on a 10-mm-thick9
Be reaction target at the eighth focal plane. Reaction
products emerging from the target were identified by
the ZeroDegree spectrometer (ZDS); despite the factthat the ZDS was optimized for the transmission of
54Ca1) , a sufficient number of 50 Ar ions fell within theacceptance of the spectrometer to extract structural
information. The reaction target was surrounded by
the DALI2 γ-ray detector array to measure transitions
emitted from nuclear excited states.
The γ-ray energy spectra—corrected for the Doppler
effect—are presented in Fig. 1 using the sum of the9
Be(54 Ca, 50 Ar)X, 9 Be(55 Sc, 50 Ar)X, and 9 Be(56 Ti,
50Ar)X multinucleon removal reactions. The line at1178(18) keV, which is the most intense peak in the
spectra, is assigned as the transition from the yrast
2+ state to the 0+ ground state in 50 Ar. A weaker,
tentative peak is present at 1582(38) keV, and is sug+gested as the transition between the 4+
1 and 21 levels.
Statistics were insufficient to confirm the proposed decay scheme using γγ coincidence relationships.

30

Counts / 40 keV

10

20

5
0

500

1500

2500

3500

10

0
0

1000

2000

3000

Transition energy (keV)

4000

Fig. 1. (colour) Doppler-corrected γ-ray energy spectra for50
Ar. The main and inset panels display Mγ ≥ 1 andMγ ≤ 3 data, respectively. The black dashed lines are
exponential fits to the backgrounds and the blue dashedlines are GEANT4 simulations; the solid red lines aretotal (sum) fits.

†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 252501(2015).
∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 Dept of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗3 RCNP, University of Osaka∗4 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗5 Japan Atomic Energy Agency∗6 Dept of Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee∗7 Dept of Physics, University of Hong Kong
∗8 Dept of Physics, University of Tokyo∗9 Dept of Physics, Tokyo University of Science∗10 Dept of Physics, Rikkyo University∗11 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

References
1) D. Steppenbeck et al. Nature 502, 207 (2013).
2) M. Rosenbusch et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 202501(2015).
3) D. Steppenbeck et al. JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 020019 (2015).
4) Y. Utsuno et al. Phys. Rev. C 86, 051301(R) (2012).
5) J. Papuga et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 172503 (2013).

-2-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Candidate resonant tetraneutron state populated by the4
He(8 He,8 Be) reaction
K. Kisamori,¤1 S. Shimoura,¤2 H. Miya,¤1,2 M. Assie,¤3 H. Baba,¤1 T. Baba,¤4 D. Beaumel,¤1,3 M. Dozono,¤1
T. Fujii,¤1,2 N. Fukuda,¤1 S. Go,¤1,2 F. Hammache,¤3 E. Ideguchi,¤4 N. Inabe,¤1 M. Itoh,¤6 D. Kameda,¤1
S. Kawase,¤2 T. Kawabata,¤4 M. Kobayashi,¤2 Y. Kondo,¤1,7 T. Kubo,¤1 Y. Kubota,¤1,2
M. Kurata-Nishimura,¤1 C. S. Lee,¤1,2 Y. Maeda,¤8 H. Matsubara,¤1 S. Michimasa,¤2 K. Miki,¤5 T. Nishi,¤1,9
S. Noji,¤10 S. Ota,¤2 S. Sakaguchi,¤1,11 H. Sakai,¤1 Y. Sasamoto,¤2 M. Sasano,¤1 H. Sato,¤1 Y. Shimizu,¤1
A. Stolz,¤10 H. Suzuki,¤1 M. Takaki,¤2 H. Takeda,¤1 S. Takeuchi,¤1 A. Tamii,¤5 L.T. Tang,¤2 H. Tokieda,¤2
M. Tsumura,¤4 T. Uesaka,¤1 K. Yako,¤2 Y. Yanagisawa,¤1 and R. Yokoyama¤2
The possible existence of a tetraneutron systemforming a resonance state is still an open and fascinating question; however, theoretical and experimental studies suggest that the tetraneutron does not exist as a bound state1,2) . An experiment to search
for the tetraneutron state has been performed bymeasuring the double-charge exchange (DCX) reaction 4 He(8 He,8 Be) at 186 MeV/u at RIBF using theSHARAQ spectrometer. Utilizing the large positive Qvalue of the (8 He,8 Be) reaction, an almost recoil-lesscondition of the four-neutron system was achieved inorder to populate weakly interacting four-neutron systems efficiently. The detail of the experiment and dataanalysis have been described in previous reports3,4) .
We obtained the missing-mass spectrum of a tetraneutron system, as shown in Fig. 1 (a). To interpret this spectrum, we assumed two different states:(1) direct decay contributing to the continuum with afinal-state interaction between the two correlated neutron pairs; (2) a possible resonant state of the tetraneutron system near the threshold. To demonstrate
the significance of the yields near the threshold, we
fitted the experimental data with a trial function assuming the absence of the resonant state and estimatedthe goodness-of-fit with the likelihood ratio test (Fig. 1(b)). Because of the small contribution from the continuum and experimental background, the significancelevel of the peak is 4.9 with the analysis of the lookelsewhere effect.
In conclusion, the four events in the 0 < E4n <2 MeV region are candidates for the resonant stateof the tetraneutron system. The mean energy of theevents is evaluated to be 0.83±0.65 MeV with an additional systematic uncertainty of 1.25 MeV due touncertainty in the calibration of the missing-mass energy. These results suggest a possible resonant stateof the tetraneutron system, although the possibilityof a bound state is not experimentally excluded. The
upper limit of the width of the peak is estimated tobe 2.6 MeV (FWHM), which is mainly determined byexperimental missing-mass resolution. The rather narrow width may be understood by considering a small
phase space for the four-body decay.
The result indicating the resonant state may suggest
necessity of strong many-body forces, such as isospin T=3/2 three-body force and/or T = 2 four-body force,
which are incompatible with the present understandingof nuclear interactions5) . Our results should serve as abasis for further investigations.
12Counts/ 2 MeV

10continuum + backgroundbackground × 10(a)wave packet
just after reaction

8

resonance

direct decay

6
4
2

si

0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

-20

-10

0

10

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

20

30

40

50

60

E4n (MeV)

(b)

-20

E4n (MeV)

Fig. 1. (a) Missing-mass spectrum of the tetraneutron system. The solid (red) line represents the sum of the direct decay of the correlated two-neutron pairs and theestimated background. The dashed (blue) line represents the estimated background multiplied by a factorof 10. (b) Evaluation of the goodness of fit for each bin.

†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 052501(2016)∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo∗3 IPN, Orsay∗4 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗5 Research Center Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗6 Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University∗7 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗8 Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki∗9 Department of Physics, the University of Tokyo∗10 NSCL, Michigan State University∗11 Faculty of Science, Kyushu University

References
1) F. Marques et al.: Phys. Rev. C 65, 044006 (2002).
2) S. Pieper: Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 252501 (2003).
3) K. Kisamori et. al.: Accelerator Progress Rep. Vol. 45(2012).
4) K. Kisamori et. al.: Accelerator Progress Rep. Vol. 46(2013).
5) R. Lazauskas et. al.: Phys. Rev. C 71, 044004 (2005).

-3-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Magnetic moment measurement of isomeric state in 75 Cu
Y. Ichikawa,∗1 A. Takamine,∗1 H. Nishibata,∗2 K. Imamura,∗1,∗3 T. Fujita,∗1,∗2 T. Sato,∗4 S. Momiyama,∗5
Y. Shimizu,∗1 D. S. Ahn,∗1 K. Asahi,∗4 H. Baba,∗1 D. L. Balabanski,∗1,∗6 F. Boulay,∗1,∗7,∗8 J. M. Daugas,∗1,∗8
T. Egami,∗9 N. Fukuda,∗1 C. Funayama,∗4 T. Furukawa,∗10 G. Georgiev,∗11 A. Gladkov,1,∗12 N. Inabe,∗1
Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗13 Y. Kobayashi,∗14 S. Kojima,∗4 A. Kusoglu,∗11,∗15 T. Kawaguchi,∗9 T. Kawamura,∗2
I. Mukul,∗16 M. Niikura,∗5 T. Nishizaka,∗9 A. Odahara,∗2 Y. Ohtomo,∗1,∗4 D. Ralet,∗11 T. Shimoda,∗2
G. S. Simpson,∗17 T. Sumikama,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 L. C. Tao,∗1,∗18 Y. Togano,∗4 D. Tominaga,∗9
H. Ueno,∗1 H. Yamazaki,∗1 and X. F. Yang∗19
0.6

The 75 Cu nucleus has attracted much attention because the ground-state spin parity changes from 3/2−
to 5/2−1) as a result of the migration of the 5/2− levels along the Cu isotopic chain2) . The 75 Cu nucleus
has two isomeric states3) at 62-keV and 66-keV levels
directly decaying to the ground state4) , one of which is
expected to have a spin parity of 3/2− inherited fromthe ground state of 73 Cu. In order to investigate thewave function of the 3/2− state and to compare it withthe 5/2− ground state1) , the magnetic moment of theisomeric state of 75 Cu was measured.
The experiment was carried out at the BigRIPS at
the RIBF. The two-step fragmentation scheme with
momentum-dispersion matching5) was employed to
produce highly spin-aligned 75 Cu. In the reaction at
F0, 76 Zn was produced by a fission reaction of a 345MeV/nucleon 238 U beam on a 9 Be target with a thickness of 1.29 g/cm2 . The secondary 76 Zn beam wasintroduced to a second target of wedge-shaped aluminum with a mean thickness of 0.81 g/cm2 , placedat the momentum-dispersive focal plane F5. The 75 Cu
nuclei including those in isomeric state 75m Cu were
produced through one-proton removal from 76 Zn. The
75
Cu beam was subsequently transported to F7 under
the condition that the momentum dispersion between
F5 and F7 was matched to that between F3 and F5.
The g-factor of 75m Cu was determined by meansof the time-differential perturbed angular distribution(TDPAD) methods. The TDPAD apparatus, placed
at F8, consists of a dipole magnet, a Cu crystal stop-

Preliminary

0.4

R(t)

0.2
0

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6

0

100

200

300

400

500

Time (ns)

600

700

800

Fig. 1. Preliminary result of R(t) ratio for the 66-keV γ
ray. The solid line represents the sine function after
fitting to the the experimental R(t) ratio.

per, Ge detectors, and a plastic scintillator. The
dipole magnet provided a static magnetic field of B0 =0.200 T. 75m Cu was implanted into the Cu stopper,and γ rays were detected with four Ge detectors located perpendicular to B0 at a distance of 7.0 cm fromthe stopper and at angles of ±45 and ±135 degrees
with respect to the beam axis. The plastic scintillatorof 0.1 mm in thick was placed upstream of the stopper,
the signal from which provided the time-zero trigger.
The R(t) ratio representing the change of anisotropyof γ rays synchronized with the spin precession was
obtained according toR(t) = {N13 (t) − N24 (t)}/{N13 (t) + N24 (t)}, (1)where N13 (t) and N24 (t) are the sums of the photopeak count rates at the two pairs of Ge detectors placed
diagonally to each other, and  denotes a correction
factor for the difference in the detection efficiency. In
this experiment we observed an oscillation pattern only
for the 66-keV γ ray with over 5σ significance, as shownin Fig. 1. The magnitude of spin alignment was foundto be larger than 50%. The detailed analysis and the
deduction of the g-factor is in progress.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Osaka University∗3 Department of Physics, Meiji University∗4 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗5 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗6 ELI-NP, IFIN-HH∗7 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗8 CEA, DAM, DIF∗9 Department of Advanced Sciences, Hosei University∗10 Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University∗11 CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Pris-Sud∗12 Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University∗13 Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗14 Department of Informatics and Engineering, University ofElectro-Communications∗15 Department of Physics, Istanbul University∗16 Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute∗17 LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3∗18 School of Physics, Peking University∗19 Intsituut voor Kern-en Srralingsfysica, K. U. Leuven∗2

References
1) K. T. Flanagan et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 142501(2009).
2) S. Franchoo et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3100 (1998).
3) J. M. Daugas et al.: Phys. Rev. C 81, 034304 (2010).
4) C. Petrone et al.: Acta. Phys. Pol. B 44, 637 (2013).
5) Y. Ichikawa et al.: Nature Phys. 8, 918 (2012).

-4-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Deuteron Analyzing Powers for d–p elastic scattering at 190
MeV/nucleon and three–nucleon force eﬀects
K. Sekiguchi,¤1¤2 T. Akieda,¤1 Y. Wada,¤1 D. Eto,¤1 A. Watanabe,¤1 H. Kon,¤1 N. Sakamoto,¤2
H. Sakai,¤2 M. Sasano,¤2 H. Suzuki,¤2 T. Uesaka,¤2 Y. Yanagisawa,¤2 M. Dozono,¤3 Y. Kubota,¤3 K. Yako,¤3
Y. Maeda,¤4 S. Kawakami,¤4 T. Yamamoto,¤4 S. Sakaguchi,¤5 T. Wakasa,¤5 J. Yasuda,¤5 A. Ohkura,¤5
Y. Shindo,¤5 M. Tabata,¤5 E. Milman,¤2¤6 and S. Chebotaryov¤2¤6
Study of three-nucleon forces (3NFs) is essentially
important in clarifying nuclear phenomena, e.g. discrete states of nuclei and equation of state of nuclear
matter. Nucleon–deuteron (N d) scattering, for which
a rigorous formulation in terms of Faddeev equations
exists and exact solutions of these equations for any
dynamical input can be obtained, oﬀers a good opportunity for the dynamical aspects of 3NFs, such as
momentum, spin and/or iso-spin dependences. With
the aim of clarifying properties of the 3NFs the studyof energy dependent deuteron–proton (d–p) scatteringwith polarized deuteron beams at intermediate energies (E ∼ 200 MeV/nucleon(MeV/N)) are in progress
at RIBF. Here we report a measurement of all the
deuteron analyzing powers (iT11 , T20 , T21 , and T22 )in d–p elastic scattering at 190 MeV/N performed in
May 2015.
A schematic diagram of the experimental setup isprovided in Ref.1) . Vector- and tensor- polarized
deuteron beams were accelerated by the injector cyclotrons AVF and RRC up to 70 MeV/N; subsequently,
they were accelerated up to 190 MeV/N by the SRC.
The measurement of the d–p elastic scattering was
performed using a detector system, BigDpol, which
was installed at the extraction beam line of the SRC.
Polyethylene (CH2 ) with a thickness of 330 mg/cm2
was used as hydrogen target. In BigDpol, four pairsof plastic scintillators coupled with photo-multipliertubes were placed symmetrically in the directions ofazimuthal angles to the left, right, up and down. Scattered deuterons and recoil protons were detected in
the kinematical coincidence condition by each pair ofthe detectors. The measured angular range is 39◦ –165◦ in the center-of-mass system. In the experiment,
the deuteron beams were stopped in the Faraday cup,
which was installed at the focal plane F0 of the BigRIPS spectrometer. The beam polarizations weremonitored continuously with a beam line polarimeter
Dpol prior to the acceleration by the SRC using thereaction of elastic d–p scattering at 70 MeV/nucleon.
The analyzing powers for this reaction have been calibrated in the previous measurement by using the12C(d, α)10 B∗ [2+ ] reaction2) . In the measurement typ∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

ical values of the beam polarizations were 80% of thetheoretical maximum values.
Preliminary results are shown with open circles inFig. 1. Only the statistical uncertainties are shown.
The data are compared with the Faddeev calculations
with (without) Tucson–Melbourne’99 3NF3) based on
the modern NN potentials, namely CDBonn4) , AV185) ,Nijmegen I and II6) . The solid lines are the calculations with the Urbana IX 3NF7) based on the AV18
potential. Generally data for the backward angles
θc.m. ≳ 120◦ are well explained by the calculations
with the 3NFs except for T20 .
Detailed analysis is now in progress. Discussions
on the energy-dependence of the deuteron analyzing
powers for d–p elastic scattering at 70–300 MeV/N will
be performed.

Fig. 1. Preliminary results of the vector and tensor analyzing powers for the d-p elastic scattering at 190 MeV/N.

References
1) K. Sekiguchi et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 064007 (2014).
2) K. Suda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A.
572, 745 (2007).
3) S. A. Coon, H. K. Han, Few Body Syst. 30, 131 (2001).
4) R. Machleidt, Phys. Rev. C 63, 024001 (2001).
5) R. B. Wiringa et al., Phys. Rev. C 51, 38 (1995).
6) V. G. J. Stoks et al., Phys. Rev. C 49, 2950 (1994).
7) B. S. Pudliner et al., Phys. Rev. C56, 1720 (1997).

Department of Physics, Tohoku University
RIKEN Nishina Center
CNS, University of Tokyo
Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University-5-Counts / 6.4 ns

Counts / 6.4 ns

binations available for cross-bombardment reactions
they were decays or xpyn evaporation channels couldand α-decay chains terminating in spontaneous ﬁssion
not be deﬁnitively determined.
before reaching well-known nuclei were bottlenecks toReferences
acceptance of element-113, -115, -117 and -1181) . As
1) Robert C. Barber, Paul J. Ⅰ.
Karol,
Horimichi
RIKEN
Rep.to49 the(2016)HIGHLIGHTSOF Nakahara,
THE YEAR
we
pushAccel.
everProg.
closerisland of stability, whether
Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich W. Vogt, Pure and Apby use of more exotic projectile-target combinations orplied Chemistry, Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 1485-1498 (2011)use of multi-nucleon transfer reactions2) , this problem
2) J. V. as
Kratz,
Schädel,and toward
H. W. Gäggeler,
Phys.
Measurementof
multipleisobarchains
a M.
ﬁrst
step
SHE
will become ever more severe; we can expect many
Rev. C 88 (2013) 054615 †
spontaneously ﬁssioning nuclei,
longer α-decay via
half- mass
identiﬁcation
3) A.spectrometry
V. Karpov, V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela,
lives, and a recurrence of β-decay3) .
L. Felipe Ruiz, Walter Greiner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 21
AsSchury,
the ﬁrst
mass¤1 step toward¤2(2012)¤2
1250013
P.
M. Wada,¤1;¤2
Y.spectrographic
Ito,¤2 D. Kaji,identiﬁP.-A. Söderström,
A. Takamine,¤2 F. Arai,¤2;¤3 H. Haba,¤2
cation
of
SHE,
a
gas
connected
to¤1we have installed¤1;¤2;¤3
¤4
¤2;¤5
¤3
4)¤1P.Schury
et al., ¤2EMIS2015
proceeding,
submitted
toS. Jeong, 4)S. Kimura,
H. cell
Koura,
H. Miyatake,
K. Morimoto,K. Morita,
A. Ozawa,
an MRTOF-MS after thegas-ﬁlled
recoilion
separa¤2
¤2
¤2;¤5
¤6
NIMB and H. Wollnik
M.
Reponen,T.
Sonoda,T.
Tanaka,5) D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, N. Sato, A. Yoneda, K.
tor GARIS-II5) . We have used this system to initially
Morita, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
perform mass measurements with fusion-evaporation
169
theResearchwere able
to simultaneously
obIn the products
search forlighter
the long-predictedof sta69 Tm target.
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B: BeamInteractions
with Materials
reactionthan uranium,“island
the masses
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,
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spectrum.
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the
same
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6)
D.
Kaji,
K.
Morimoto,
Nuclear
Instruments
andMethsured. In these measurements we demonstrate the abilin Physics
Accelerators,
Spec118
inthe
recentyears. A dearthof projectile-target
we odscould
observeResearch
lighter Section
isobars,A: althoughwhetherity ofMRTOF-MSto simultaneously
measurecomthe
trometers,
Detectors
andevaporation
Associated channels
Equipmentcould
792
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they
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decaysor
xpynmasses of atomic (and molecular) ions across multi(2015)
11-14
and
α-decay
chainsterminatinginspontaneousﬁssionnotbedeﬁnitively
determined.
ple isobar chains. With reasonable statistics a highbefore
reaching
nucleiwith
werelessbottlenecks
toprecision
can bewell-known
achieved, while
than 1)10 deReferences
acceptanceofelement-113,
-115,
-117
and
-118
.
As
tected ions the mass can be determined with suﬃcient
1) Robert C. Barber, Paul J. Karol, Horimichi Nakahara,
we
push
ever
closertotheislandofstability,
whetherprecision to identify an ion species.
Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich W. Vogt, Pure and ApbyAuseofmore
exoticprojectile-target
combinations
or
40
11+
1.5 pµA beam of Ar
at 4.825
MeV/u wasplied Chemistry, Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 1485-1498 (2011)2)
useof multi-nucleon
transfer
reactions, thisproblemprovidedby the RIKEN
heavy-ionlinearaccelerator2) J. V. Kratz, M. Schädel, and H. W. Gäggeler, Phys.
will
becomesevere;upon
we canexpect target
many
RILAC.
The everbeammore
impingeda rotating
Rev. C 88 (2013) 054615
spontaneously
ﬁssioning
nuclei,longerα-decay
halfwheel with 16 target windows. The
target
wheel
com3)
A.
V. Karpov, V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela,
3)
lives,a recurrenceofHoβ-decay.thickness of ∼0.14
L.
FelipeRuiz, Walter Greiner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 21
prisedand
4 windowsof 165witha67
As thespectrographic
identiﬁ2 ﬁrst step toward mass
(2012)
1250013mg/cm
and 12 windows of 169
Tm
with
a
thickness69
cationof SHE,
we2 .havea gas
165
169 cell connected to4) P.Schury et al., EMIS2015 proceeding, submitted to
of
∼0.29
mg/cm
The installed
Ho andTm targets were
4)
an
MRTOF-MSafter
thegas-ﬁlled
recoilion
separaNIMB
prepared using5)sputtering and electro-deposition meth5) D. Kaji,
Morimoto,
Sato, A. Yoneda,
tor
GARIS-II
.
We
have
used
this
systemtoinitially
Measurementof
multipleisobarchains
as aK. ﬁrst
stepN. toward
SHE K.
ods, respectively, on 3 µm Ti backing foil. A rotating
Morita, Nuclear Instruments
andMethods
in Physics
performmassmeasurements
withfusion-evaporation
shadow wheel ensured the beam
could only impingeon mass spectrometry†
identiﬁcation
via
Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
reaction
products
lighterthan6) uranium, the masses of
one type of target at a time .
and Atoms, 317B (2013) 311-314
someof whichhave
previously
meaFigure1 shows
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whendirectly
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¤1
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Instruments
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A. Takamine,¤2 F. Arai,
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sured.
In theseM.
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SectionA:
Accelerators,¤1¤1;¤2;¤3¤4¤1ods in Physics Research¤2¤2;¤5¤3 SpecJeong,
S. Kimura,
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ity ofS.theMRTOF-MSto simultaneously
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Detectors and¤6Associated Equipment 792¤2 Phys. Rev. ¤2C¤2;¤5Condensed
from (andarticletoM.submitted
Reponen,T.
Sonoda,and
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massesof atomic
molecular)ionsacrossmulti- T. Tanaka,(2015) 11-14
http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00141
ple
isobar chains.
reasonablestatistics
a high∗1 Instituteof ParticleWith
and Nuclear
Studies(IPNS), High
Enprecision
can be forachieved,
while with (KEK)
lessthan of10 stadeResearch
Organization
the 169
InergytheAccelerator
searchthe long-predicted“island
69 Tm target. We were able to simultaneously ob∗2 RIKEN Nishina Centertected ionsthemass
can behot-fusion
determinedwith suﬃcientserve
the 3n and 4n evaporation channels, 205,205 Fr+ ,bility”,
theuseof
so-called
reactionshasal∗3 Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
precision
to identifythe
an tableion species.
lowed
for extendingof isotopes
to elementin a single time-of-ﬂight spectrum. At the same time
∗4 Advanced
Science Research
Japanup
AtomicEnergy40 Center,pµA years.
beam Aofdearth
Ar11+
at 4.825 MeV/ucomwas
118AAgency
in1.5
recentof projectile-target
we could observe lighter isobars, although whether
Fig. 1. Spectrum observed for A/q=201, 205, and 206∗5providedthe RIKEN
heavy-ion linear accelerator
Kyushuby
University
binationsavailable
for cross-bombardment
reactionsthey were decays or xpyn evaporation channels could∗6 New Mexico State University
species at n=148 laps.
RILAC.
Thechains
beam terminating
impinged upona rotating ﬁssion
targetandα-decayin spontaneous
not be deﬁnitively determined.
wheel with
16 target
windows.
Theweretargetwheel combefore
reaching
well-known
nucleibottlenecks
toprised 4 windowsof 165thicknessof 1)∼0.14
References
acceptanceof element-113,-115, a-117
and -118. As
67 Ho with2
1691) Robert C. Barber, Paul J. Karol, Horimichi Nakahara,
mg/cm
and closer
12 windows
with a thickness
wepush everto the ofislandof stability,
whether
69 Tm
2165
Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich W. Vogt, Pure and Apof. The
Ho and 169 Tm
targets wereby ∼0.29
use of mg/cm
more exotic
projectile-target
combinationsorplied Chemistry, Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 1485-1498 (2011)2)
preparedusing sputtering
andreactions
electro-deposition
methuse of multi-nucleon
transfer, this problem
2)
J.
V. Kratz, M. Schädel, and H. W. Gäggeler, Phys.
ods,
respectively,
3 µm
Ti backing
foil.
A rotating
will become
ever onmore
severe;we canexpectmany
Rev.
C 88 (2013) 054615
shadow
wheel ensured
thenuclei,
beam could
only
impingeonspontaneously
ﬁssioning
longerα-decay
half3) A. V. Karpov, V. I. Zagrebaev, Y. Martinez Palenzuela,
6)3)
one type
at a oftime.
lives,
andofa target
recurrenceβ-decay.
L. Felipe Ruiz, Walter Greiner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 21
Figure1 shows
spectrumseen when bombarding
As the ﬁrst
stepthetowardmass spectrographic
identiﬁ(2012) 1250013
cation of SHE, we have installed a gas cell connected to4) P.Schury et al., EMIS2015 proceeding, submitted to4)†an MRTOF-MS
the submitted
gas-ﬁlled recoil
ion separaNIMB
Condensed fromafter
articleto Phys.
Rev. C5)5) D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, N. Sato, A. Yoneda, K.
tor http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.00141
GARIS-II . We have used this system to initially∗1 Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High EnMorita, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
perform
mass measurements with fusion-evaporation
ergy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials
reaction
products
lighterthanuranium,themassesof∗2 RIKEN
Nishina Centerand Atoms, 317B (2013) 311-314∗3 Institute
someof whichhave notpreviously
been directly meaof Physics,
Universityof Tsukuba
6)
D.
Kaji, K. Morimoto, Nuclear Instruments and Meth∗4 Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
sured. In these measurements we demonstrate the abilods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, SpecAgency
ityof the MRTOF-MS to simultaneously measure theFig.trometers,
1. Spectrum
observed
A/q=201,Equipment
205, and 206∗5 Kyushu University
Detectors
andforAssociated792
massesatomic(andmolecular)ionsacrossmulti∗6 New of
species
at
n=148
laps.
Mexico State University(2015) 11-14
ple isobar chains. With reasonable statistics a highprecision can be achieved, while with less than 10 detected ions the mass can be determined with suﬃcientprecision to identify an ion species.
-6A 1.5 pµA beam of 40 Ar11+ at 4.825 MeV/u wasprovided by the RIKEN heavy-ion linear accelerator
RILAC. The beam impinged upon a rotating target

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Gauge symmetry in the large-amplitude collective motion ofsuperfluid nuclei†
K. Sato ∗1
The adiabatic self-consistent collective coordinate(ASCC) method2) is a practical method for describing
large-amplitude collective motion in atomic nuclei withsuperfluidity and an advanced version of the adiabatictime-dependent Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory. In
the application of the one-dimensional ASCC method,
Hinohara et al.3) encountered numerical instability andfound that it was caused by the symmetry of the basic
equations of the ASCC method under a certain continuous transformation. This transformation involves thegauge angle φ and changes the phase of the state vector. In this sense, Hinohara et al. called it the “gauge”
symmetry. They proposed a gauge-fixing prescription
to remove redundancy associated with the gauge symmetry and successfully applied it to the shape coexistence phenomena in proton-rich Se and Kr isotopes.
We investigated this symmetry on the basis of the
Dirac–Bergmann theory of constrained systems4,5) . As
is well known, the gauge symmetry is associated withconstraints originating from the singularity of the Lagrangian. In the ASCC method, the linear term of theparticle number n in the collective Hamiltonian canbe regarded as a constraint, and it leads to the gauge
symmetry.
In the ASCC method, we assume the following formof the state vector.

The time derivative of the constraint is given by ṅ ={n, H} = −∂φ V . Thus, the constraint is preservedin time if V (q, φ) = V (q). Then, we have only one
constraint n = 0, and it is a first-class constraint. From
the above, it is clear that our system has one gauge
degree of freedom.
It is known that a generator of a gauge transformation can always be written as a “linear combination” ofthe first-class constraints. We can write the generator
G as G = ϵ(q, p, φ, n, t)n with an infinitesimal function
ϵ. This generator gives the gauge transformation ofcollective variables.
δq = n∂p ϵ ≈ 0, δp = −n∂q ϵ ≈ 0,

δφ = ϵ + n∂n ϵ ≈ ϵ, δn = −n∂φ ϵ ≈ 0.

δq = αn, δp = 0, δφ = αp, δn = 0,

Q̂ → Q̂ + αÑ , Θ̂ → Θ̂ + αP̂ .

(2)References

21) K. Sato, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2015, 123D01
2) M. Matsuo, T. Nakatsukasa, and K. Matsuyanagi, Prog.
Theor. Phys. 103, 959 (2000).
3) N. Hinohara, T. Nakatsukasa, M. Matsuo, and K. Matsuyanagi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 117, 27 (2007).
4) P. A. M. Dirac, Can. J. Math. 2, 129 (1950).
5) J. L. Anderson, P. G. Bergmann, Phys. Rev. 83, 1018
(1951).

with (q , q ) := (q, φ), and the rank of the Hessian(∂ 2 L/∂ q̇ i ∂ q̇ j ) is one. (We allowed the potential V todepend on q 2 = φ in order to make it easy to observe
the number of the degrees of freedom.) Hence, this
Lagrangian leads to one constraint, p2 = ∂∂Lq̇ 2 = n = 0.
†

∗1

(6)

This is exactly the transformation found in Ref. 3),
and thus, we confirmed that the symmetry discussed
in Ref. 3) is a gauge symmetry.
In Ref. 1), the most general gauge transformation is
discussed. While the equation of collective submanifold, from which the basic equations of the ASCC
method (the moving-frame HFB & QRPA equations)are derived, is invariant under the most general gaugetransformation, the gauge symmetry is partially broken by the adiabatic expansion at the level of themoving-frame HFB & QRPA equations. Above, wehave considered the expansion of the collective Hamiltonian up to O(n). In Ref. 1), it is also shown that
there is no gauge symmetry in the case where the collective Hamiltonian is expanded up to O(n2 ).

H(q, p, n) := ⟨ϕ(q, p, φ, n)|Ĥ|ϕ(q, p, φ, n)⟩1= V (q) + B(q)p2 + λn.
(1)2This can be regarded as a system with the constraintn = 0, and λ is a Lagrange multiplier.
In Lagrange formalism, the Lagrangian corresponding to this (total) Hamiltonian is given by1(5)

which leads to the transformation of operators,

with Ĝ(q, p, n) = pQ̂(q) + nΘ̂(q) and Ñ = N̂ − N0 .
φ is the gauge angle conjugate to the particle number
n = N − N0 measured from a reference value N0 . The
collective Hamiltonian is defined and expanded up toO(n) as below.

1(q̇ 1 )2 − V (q 1 , q 2 ),2B(q 1 )(4)Here, the symbol ≈ denotes weak equality. As ϵ is anarbitrary function of (q, p, φ, n, t), in particular, of p,
the linear and higher-order terms of p are mixed only
into φ by this gauge transformation. This is important
for the adiabatic expansion in the ASCC method tomake sense.
With the choice ϵ = αpn, we obtain|ϕ(q, p, φ, n)⟩ = e−iφÑ |ϕ(q, p, n)⟩ = e−iφÑ eiĜ |ϕ(q)⟩,

L=

(3)

Condensed from the article in Ref. 1)
RIKEN Nishina Center-7-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Cross section measurement for the spallation reaction of long-lived
fission products
H. Wang,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗1 D. Ahn,∗1 M. Aikawa,∗2 T. Ando,∗3 S. Araki,∗4,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 S. Chen,∗1
N. Chiga,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 T. Ichihara,∗1 S. Kawakami,∗5,∗1 S. Kawase,∗6,∗4
T. Kin,∗4 Y. Kondo,∗7,∗1 S. Koyama,∗3 S. Kubono,∗1 Y. Maeda,∗5 A. Makinaga,∗8 M. Matsushita,∗6
T. Matsuzaki,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗6 S. Momiyama,∗3 S. Nagamine,∗3 T. Nakamura,∗7,∗1 K. Nakano,∗4,∗1
M. Niikura,∗3 Y. Ozaki,∗7,∗1 A. T. Saito,∗7,∗1 T. Saito,∗3 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shiga,∗1,∗9 M. Shikata,∗7,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1
S. Shimoura,∗6 T. Sumikama,∗1 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗7,∗1
R. Taniuchi,∗1,∗3 Y. Togano,∗7,∗1 J. Tsubota,∗7,∗1 M. Uesaka,∗1 Ya. Watanabe,∗1 Yu. Watanabe,∗4
K. Wimmer,∗3,∗1 T. Yamamoto,∗5,∗1 and K. Yoshida∗1
TOF, Bρ, ∆E, and the total kinetic energy in the
ZeroDegree spectrometer6) with the large acceptancemode. In order to cover a broad range of spallation
products, several diﬀerent Bρ settings were appliedin the ZeroDegree spectrometer. An example of theparticle identiﬁcation (PID) for the reaction residues
detected by the ZeroDegree spectrometer is shown in
Fig. 1. The PID plot was obtained in the 107 Pd setting
at 220 MeV/nucleon with the CD2 target.

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

Atomic number Z

Long-lived ﬁssion products (LLFPs) are one of the
major components in the nuclear waste from nuclear
reactor systems. LLFP nuclei are highly radioactive
and have long half lives. In order to reduce the quantity of high-level radioactive waste, partitioning andtransmutation technology has been introduced in recent years1) . For LLFP transmutation, the possibility of proton-induced spallation reaction has been discussed2) ; however, experimental data are insuﬃcient.
For a systematic study on LLFP transmutation, we report on the spallation reactions for 90 Sr, 93 Zr, 107 Pd,
and 135 Cs with protons and deuterons at diﬀerent reaction energies, following the study for 90 Sr and 137 Cs
in 20143) .
Secondary beams were produced by the in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 238 U primary beam at 345 MeV/nucleon ona beryllium target with a thickness of 1 mm. The
momentum acceptance of BigRIPS was set as 0.1%.
Several secondary beam settings were applied in BigRIPS and optimized for 90 Sr, 93 Zr, 107 Pd, and 135 Cs.
Note that the secondary 90 Sr and 93 Zr beams were
produced with the same BigRIPS setting. The beamenergies for 90 Sr, 93 Zr, 107 Pd, and 135 Cs were approximately 115 MeV/nucleon in front of the secondary
targets. In addition, another setting was used for107
Pd to study the reaction at a high reaction energy of 220 MeV/nucleon. Secondary cocktail beams
were identiﬁed event-by-event via the TOF – Bρ − ∆E
method by using standard BigRIPS diagnosis detectors4) .
To induce the secondary reactions, CH2 , CD2 5) , and12
C targets were used. Their thicknesses were 179.2,
217.8, and 226.0 mg/cm2 , respectively. In order to obtain the background contribution, data were accumulated using the target holder with no target inserted.
Reaction residues were identiﬁed by measuring

107Ag

Preliminary
47

10

100Pd

46
45

1

44
43

10

-1

42
41
2.125 2.15 2.175 2.2

2.225 2.25 2.275 2.3

10-2

Mass-to-charge ratio A/Q

Fig. 1. Particle identification plot of Z versus A/Q in the
ZeroDegree spectrometer for the reaction residues produced from the 107 Pd beam at 220 MeV/nucleon.

The analysis of the proton- and deuteron-induced
cross sections for the LLFP nuclei is currently inprogress. This work was supported by ImPACT program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
References
1) IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 435 (2004).
2) A. Hermanne, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, Suppl. 2, 1202
(2002).
3) H. Wang et al. RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 6 (2015).
4) N. Fukuda et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317, 323(2013).
5) Y. Maeda et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 490, 518 (2002).
6) T. Kubo et al. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C003(2012).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Kyushu University
University of Miyazaki
CNS, University of Tokyo
Tokyo Institute of Technology
JEin institute for fundamental science, NPO Einstein
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University-8-

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)√
0
Final results of AπLL measurement at s = 510 GeV at mid-rapidity
through a PHENIX experiment†
I. Yoon∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
One of the important functions of the relativistic
heavy ion collider (RHIC) longitudinally polarized proton program is to constrain the gluon-spin componentof proton (∆G) by measuring the double helicity asym0
metry (ALL ) of π 0 production (AπLL ) and jet production (AJet
LL ). Based on the results of deep inelastic scattering experiments, the quark-spin component of the
proton is only 0.330 ± 0.011(T heo.) ± 0.025(Exp.) ±0.028(Evol.)1) . The remaining spin might be carried
by gluons or orbital momentum.
π0
Jet√ Studies on the measurement of ALL and ALL at
s = 200 GeV have been successfully published, andthey have contributed to constrain ∆G2,3) . Consequently, a positive ∆g(x) has been observed in themeasured x region4) . However, the uncertainty of ∆Gis still significant owing to the uncertainty at lower the
Bjorken x region, which has not been accessed so far4) .
To explore the lower x region, where uncertainty isdominant, longitudinally polarized proton-protoncol√lisions with increased energy, i.e., s = 510 GeV,
were successfully carried out in 2012 (Run12) and 2013√
0
(Run13). With the data, AπLL at s = 510 GeV wasmeasured and published recently. Because of√ the in0
creased energy, the measurement of AπLL at s = 510
GeV could reach a lower x range, 0.01 < x, √while the0ats = 200
previous measurement of AπLL and AJet
LL
GeV could reach 0.02 < x and 0.05 < x, respectively.
0
AπLL can be defined in terms of differences in crosssections as
0
d∆σ π
π0
ALL =
π0

dσ

0

A LL

where PB(Y ) is the polarization of RHIC’s “Blue (Yellow)” beam, N++(+−) is the yield of the π 0 candidatefrom the same (opposite) helicity collisions, and R is
the relative luminosity of same and opposite helicity
collisions.
π 0 s are reconstructed by photon pairs detected by
PHENIX mid-rapidity electromagnetic calorimeters.
Sophisticated cuts are applied to suppress combinatorial background. The relative luminosity is fully corrected for multiple collisions and detector resolution
effects.
π0√ Fig. 1 shows the result of ALL measurement at
s = 510 GeV. The world’s first non-zero ALL in
hadron production is observed. The results agree withDSSV14 calculation based on a global fit of world ALL
data and supports positive ∆G. It thus supports positive ∆G in the previously accessed x region and extends the probed x region down to x ∼ 0.01. Therefore
it provides an additional constraint on ∆G5,6) This isa crucial step toward world-wide efforts to extract ∆G.

0.02

†
∗1
∗2

s=510 GeV

Rel. lum. uncertainty
6.5% pol. scale uncertainty not shown
DSSV’14 with 90% CL band

0.01
PHENIX00π
dσ π − dσ+−= ++0
π + dσ π 0
dσ++
+−

(1)

0

1 N++ − RN+−L++,R =PB PY N++ + RN+−
L+−

5

10

15
p (GeV/c)
T

where σ++(+−) denotes the π 0 cross-section for proton collisions with the same(opposite) helicity. The
π 0 cross-section can be decomposed into parton distribution functions, partonic reaction cross-sections, andfragmentation functions. Because most of π 0 s are fromquark-gluon or gluon-gluon scattering at mid-rapidity
0
region, ∆g(x) is accessible by measuring AπLL . This description is verified by comparing the π 0 cross-section
between theoretical and experimental data. Equation
1 can be rewritten in terms of experimental observables
as
ALL =

pp → π0+X |η|<0.35√
0Fig. 1. Result of AπLL measurement at s = 510 GeV.
The red error bars represent combined statistical andpoint-to-point systematic uncertainties. The yellow box
represents systematic uncertainty from the relative luminosity. The theoretical curve with 90% C.L. band is
obtained from the DSSV14 calculation4) .

References
1) A. Airapetian et al., Phys. Rev. D 75, 012007 (2007).
2) A. Adare et al., Phys. Rev. D 90, 012007 (2014).
3) L. Adamczyk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 092002(2015).
4) D. de Floran, R. Sassot, M. Stratmann and W. Vogelsang: Phys. Rev. Lett. 113. 012001 (2014)5) R. Sassot (DSSV Group), private communication.
6) E. Nocera (NNPDF Group), private communication.

(2)

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D. 93, 011501(2016)RIKEN Nishina Center
The Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University-9-Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)√
AN of forward neutron production in s=200 GeV polarized
proton-nucleus collisions in the PHENIX expermient
M. Kim∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
The first attempt to collide a polarized proton and anucleus was executed at RHIC in Run15. This provides
a unique opportunity to study the totally unexplored
reaction mechanism of p↑ +A at high energy. We report
the first asymmetry measurement of forward (6.8 <η < 8.8) neutron results from p + Al, and p + Au.
The observed asymmetries showed unexpectedly large
values and strong A-dependence.
The single transverse spin asymmetry, AN , is written asdσ ↑ − dσ ↓(1)
AN =dσ ↑ + dσ ↓

→

↑

θ

where ↑ and ↓ represent the spin directions of incident
protons. In terms of scattering amplitudes, the condition for nonzero AN is
AN ∝ Im{φ∗filp φnonfilp sinδ} �= 0

(2)
Fig. 1. Forward neutron AN ploted as a function of atomic√
mass number with BBC correlations in s = 200 GeV
p + p, p + Al, and p + Au collisions.

where φ∗filp (φnonfilp ) is the spin flip (nonfilp) amplitude,and δ is a relative phase between the two amplitudes.
In 2011, a one pion exchange (OPE) model that wellneutrondescribes the cross section and AN of forward√
production from the PHENIX data1) for s=200 GeV
p+p collision was published2) . The model describes thespin flip amplitude by pion exchange and the non-spin
flip amplitude mainly by the a1-Reggeon exchange. As
a consequence, the model satisfactory reproduced theexperimental AN data.
Fig. 1 shows a preliminary plot of the Run15 forward
neutron AN results.The red points are AN of ZDC(zero degree calorimeter, a neutron detector) inclusive
measurements. They show unexpectedly strong massp↑ +Auis 3 times larger thannumber (A) dependence; AN“had” stands for strong interaction, and from δ1 to δ4
are relative phases. The majority of the elecromagnetic process should be given by γ ∗ p → ∆+ → n + π +where γ ∗ is supplied from the EM field of the nucleus.
The second and third terms are known as Coulomb
nuclear interference (CNI), which is observed to cause
 5% asymmetry in the elastic scattering in p + p, andp + C processes3) . According to an MC simulation,∆+ decay products are predicted to be more forward
boosted as compared to hadronic interactions4) . In order to suppress competing effects, a correlation study
was carried out using beam beam counters (BBCs,
3.1 < η < 3.9). Since the most of neutron and pion
pairs decayed from ∆+ via the EM process events passthrough the BBC hole, requiring/vetoing activities in
BBC can suppress/enhance contributions from the EM
terms in equation 3. The green points in Fig. 1 denote
AN with BBC activities, and the blue points denote
AN without BBC activity. We can see a clear correlation between the AN and BBC activities.
There can be other processes that are not discussed
here. Theoretical development is underway to explain
this interesting discovery.

↑

p +p
AN
, and they have opposite sign.
The observed A dependence immediately eliminates
naive expectations such as isospin symmetric effects,
which do not change the sign of AN with increasing
number of protons and neutrons.
Although electromagnetic interaction was not evenconsidered in p+p, it may not be ignorable in p+A because of the smallness of the −t range (< 0.5GeV/c2 )of the measurements. Without full description, equation 2 is thus modified asEMEM∗ hadAN ∝ φEM∗filp φnonfilp sinδ 1 + φfilp φnonfilp sinδ 2
EMhad∗ had+ φhad∗filp φnonfilp sinδ 3 + φfilp φnonfilp sinδ 4(3)
References
1) A. Adare et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 032006 (2013).
2) B. Z. Kopeliovich, I. K. Potashnikova, Ivan Schmidt,
Phys. Rev. D 84, 114012 (2011).
3) I. G. Alekseev et al., Phys. Rev. D 79, 094014 (2009).
4) G. Mitsuka, Eur. Phys. J. C 75:614 (2015).

where “EM” stands for electromagnetic interactions,∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University- 10 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Search for the deeply bound K − pp state from the semi-inclusive
forward-neutron spectrum in the in-flight K − reaction on helium-3†
T. Hashimoto,∗1 K. Itahashi,∗1 M. Iwasaki,∗1 Y. Ma,∗1 H. Ohnishi,∗1 S. Okada,∗1 H. Outa,∗1 F. Sakuma,∗1
M. Sato,∗1 M. Tokuda,∗1 and Q. Zhang,∗1 for the J-PARC E15 collaboration
The existence of a strongly attractive force between
antikaons (K̄) and nucleons in isospin 0 channels leads
to the prediction of the formation of deeply boundkaonic-nuclei.1) The investigation of these exotic states
will provide unique information that will reveal the
sub-threshold K̄N interaction. However, their existence has not been conclusively established to date.
The simplest kaonic nucleus is theoretically considered to be the so-called K − pp state, consisting of anegative kaon and two protons.a) We searched for thisstate by using an in-flight K − reaction in the J-PARC
E15 experiment at the K1.8BR beam line.2) The firstphysics data acquisition was performed in May 2013,
with 5 × 109 kaons at 1 GeV/c on a liquid 3 He target.
Figure 1 shows the semi-inclusive neutron spectrum
at θnlab = 0◦ . Forward neutrons were detected with aplastic scintillation counter array placed ∼ 15 m awayfrom the target and their momenta were reconstructedby the time-of-flight method. At least one charged particle was tagged in a cylindrical detector system (CDS)
surrounding the target to determine the reaction vertex. The K 0 -tagged spectrum, shown in the inset of
Fig. 1, is attributed to the quasi-free charge-exchange
reaction, and demonstrates that the detector resolution and the missing-mass scale are well understood.
The observed yield in the deeply bound region, corresponding to K − pp binding energies greater than 80
MeV, was in good agreement with the evaluated backgrounds originating from 1) accidental hits and neutral particles other than neutrons, 2) reactions on thetarget cell, and 3) neutrons produced via charged Σdecay. Therefore, mass-dependent upper limits on
the production cross section were determined in the
missing-mass range from 2.06 to 2.29 GeV/c2 for a
K − pp → Λp isotropic decay. They were determined
to be 30–180, 70–250, and 100–270 µb/sr, for natural
widths of 20, 60, and 100 MeV, respectively, at 95%
confidence levels. The upper limits obtained were oneorder-of-magnitude smaller than the theoretical calculation performed by Koike and Harada for the deeply
bound K − pp case.3) The ratios of the upper limits tothe cross sections of the quasi-elastic channels are (0.5–5)% (K − n → K − n) and (0.3–3)% (K − p → K 0 n).
These ratios are rather small compared to the sticking
probability of the usual hypernucleus formation.
†
∗1
a)

0.3

Resolution
σ (MeV/c2)

20
15

Binding Energy [GeV]
0.2

0.1

0

5
×102

40

M(K+p+p)

20
15
10
5

20
0
2

Counts / 10 MeV/c2

60

25

M(Λ(1405)+p)80

302.25 2.3 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.5M(Σ +N+π)

100

M(K+p+p)120

M(Λ+N+π)1400K s -taggedM(Σ +N)160

Arbitrary unit0M(Λ+p)

d2σ/dΩ/dM × ACDS (µb/sr/(MeV/c2))

10

2.1
3

2.2
-

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2

He(K ,n)X missing mass (GeV/c )0
2.7

Fig. 1. 3 He(K − , n)X semi-inclusive missing-mass distribution (below) and experimental resolution (above). The
CDS tagging acceptance (ACDS ) is not corrected. The
K − pp binding threshold is indicated by a dotted line
and other related mass thresholds are indicated by solidlines. The inset shows the Ks0 -tagged spectrum compared with the simulation (blue dotted line).

In the loosely bound region, we observed a large
yield which cannot be explained elementally processes.
The cross section of this excess above the backgroundis ∼ 1 mb/sr, assuming loosely bound K − pp formation. This is about the same yield as that given by
Koike and Harada,3) but much greater than the value
given by Yamagata-Sekihara et al.4) In spite of theobserved large yield, the structure near the thresholdsuggested in the theoretical spectral functions cannot
be identified from only this semi-inclusive measurement. For further investigation of the origin of the
sub-threshold structure, an exclusive analysis of theforthcoming dataset is required.
References
1) T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi, Phys. Lett. B 535 (2002) 70.
2) M. Iwasaki et al., J-PARC proposal P15, (2005).
K. Agari et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 02B011.
3) T. Koike, T. Harada, Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 055208.
4) J. Yamagata-Sekihara, D. Jido, H. Nagahiro, S. Hirenzaki, Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 045204.

Condensed from the article in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
(2015) 061D01
RIKEN Nishina Center
More generally, it is expressed as [K̄ ⊗ {N N }I=1,S=0 ]I=1/2
with J π =0− .

- 11 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Phase-space distributions in QGP and thermal photons†
A. Monnai∗1ifeﬀ= (eωi /T ± 1)−1 ,(1)and the partition function, in the logarithmic form as,∫V
gi d3 pln Zi = ±V
ln (1 ± e−ωi /T ) − Φi (T ), (2)
3
(2π)
T
√
i
where ωi = p2 + m2i + Weﬀ
is the eﬀective energyand Φi is the background contribution required forand determined by the thermodynamic consistency
condition1) . Then the standard thermodynamic relations yieldas e =∑ the energy density and pressure∑(T 2 /V ) i (∂ ln Zi /∂T ) and P = (1/V ) i T ln Zi , respectively.
Here, I determine the eﬀective interaction contribuition Weﬀ
for the quasi-particle model to reproduce thethermodynamic quantities calculated by lattice QCD2)
assuming it is temperature dependent. For simplicity
and for the lack of constraints, Weﬀ is assumed to becommon for all partons.
The QGP photon emission rate is expressed as3) ,
]
{[
(
)
1
5ααs 2 −E/T 2
dR
4ET
−
γ
E 3 =
log
+
T
e
λ
d p
9π 2
kc2
2
†

∗1

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 92, 014905(2015)RIKEN Nishina Center

0.1

ideal
effective

0.08
0.06
γ

v2

The discovery of collective dynamics of QCD media
in the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) andthe CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) implies early
equilibration of low-momentum partons and materialization of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The azimuthal
momentum anisotropy v2 of hadrons is well-explainedin the framework of hydrodynamics, but that of direct photons, whose anisotropy is inherited from themedium during thermal emission, is underestimatedroughly by a factor of 2. This apparent discrepancy isrecognized as a “photon puzzle”.
Thermal photon emission in the QGP phase is calculated using phase-space distribution functions. They
are conventionally assumed to be ideal Fermi-Dirac
and Bose-Einstein distributions, but as the lattice
QCD calculations indicate, the system is a stronglyinteracting one and thus, non-ideal corrections have tobe taken into account. The reduction of the eﬀective
degrees of freedom at high temperatures could suppress
early-time photons with underdeveloped anisotropy
and could enhance v2 .
I discuss the eﬀects of the interaction corrections in
the parton phase-space distributions on heavy-ion photons based on a quasi-particle parametrization, as the
QGP photon emission rate is often given as a functional of distribution functions. The eﬀective oneparticle distribution can be expressed as

0.04
0.02
0
0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

p (GeV)

3.5

4

4.5

5

T

Fig. 1. (Color online) Thermal photon v2 with ideal (solidline) and eﬀective distributions (dashed line).

+

[

log

(

4ET
kc2

)

−1−γ

]}

,

(3)

where λ = e−Weff /T is the eﬀective fugacity, γ is Euler’s
constant, and kc is the infra-red cut-oﬀ.
I estimate thermal photon elliptic ﬂow numericallyby using the same equation of state in the quasiparticle and hydrodynamic models. A Monte Carlo
Glauber model is employed to simulate the initial conditions. The elliptic ﬂow is deﬁned as∫ 2πγ
dϕp cos(2ϕp − Ψ) dϕp pdN0
T dpT dyγv2 (pT , y) =
. (4)
∫ 2π
γ
dϕp dϕp pdN
dp
dy
0
T
T

Figure 1 shows the thermal photon v2 with ideal and√eﬀective distributions for Au-Au collisions at sN N =200 GeV with the impact parameter b = 6 fm. One
can see that v2 is enhanced in the presence of the eﬀective interactions. This is owing to the suppression of
the photons emitted from the medium with underdeveloped momentum anisotropy. This mechanism also
leads to reduction in the photon yields and enhancement of higher order ﬂow harmonics.
To conclude, eﬀective parton distributions are constructed so that the thermal emission is consistent withthe lattice QCD equation of state. The decreased degrees of freedom in the QGP phase lead to enhancement of thermal photon v2 , which contributes positively to the resolution of the photon puzzle. Future
prospects include application of the eﬀective distribution to the derivation of hydrodynamic equations.
References
1) T. S. Biro, A. A. Shanenko, V. D. Toneev, Phys. Atom.
Nucl. 66, 982 (2003).
2) S. Borsanyi et al.,Phys. Lett. B 730, 99 (2014).
3) M. Strickland, Phys. Lett. B 331, 245 (1994).

- 12 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)Λb → p ℓ− ν̄ℓ and Λb → Λc ℓ− ν̄ℓ form factors from lattice QCD
with relativistic heavy quarks†
S. Meinel,∗1,∗2 W. Detmold,∗3 and C. Lehner∗4
The smallest and most uncertain element of the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing
matrix is Vub . Improved measurements of |Vub | are important because they constrain the length of the left
side of the (ρ̄, η̄) unitarity triangle, which lies opposite
the precisely known angle β 1) . The matrix element|Vcb | also plays a central role in ﬂavor physics, as it
normalizes the unitarity triangle and is the dominantsource of uncertainty in Standard-Model predictions of
the kaon CP -violation parameter εK 2) .
Until recently, all direct determinations of |Vub | and|Vcb | were performed using measurements of B meson
semileptonic or leptonic decays at e+ e− colliders. For
both |Vub | and |Vcb |, there are tensions between themost precise extractions from exclusive and inclusive
semileptonic B decays; the 2014 Review of Particle
Physics lists1)

dΓ/dq 2
(ps−1 GeV−2 )|Vub |2

2.5

,

−3

.

|Vcb |excl. = (39.5 ± 0.8) × 10
|Vcb |incl. = (42.2 ± 0.7) × 10

∗4

5

10

15

20

8

10

dΓ/dq 2
(ps−1 GeV−2 )|Vcb |2

Λb → Λc µ− ν̄µ

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

2

4

6

q 2 (GeV2 )Fig. 1. Lattice QCD predictions for the Λb → p µ− ν̄µ andΛb → Λc µ− ν̄µ diﬀerential decay rates. The bands indicate the statistical-only and the total uncertainties.

|Vub |= 0.083 ± 0.004(expt) ± 0.004(lattice),|Vcb |
and, taking the 2014 PDG value for |Vcb | from exclusive
B decays,|Vub | = (3.27 ± 0.23) × 10−3 .
Because of the nonzero spin of the baryons, this analysis also provides important new constraints on possible right-handed currents beyond the Standard Model,
whose existence had been suggested as an explanation of the exclusive-inclusive tension in |Vub |4) . The
new measurement strongly disfavors this explanation3), demonstrating that powerful complementary constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model can bederived from baryonic b decays.

where the q 2 -ranges were chosen to cover the regionof the smallest uncertainties in our lattice QCD predictions. The combination of the LHCb measurementwith our calculation gives

∗3

0.0

0

dΓ(Λb →p µ− ν̄µ )
dq 2
dq 2
15 GeV2= (1.00 ± 0.09) × 10−2 ,∫ qmax2dΓ(Λb →Λc µ− ν̄µ )
2
dq
dq 2
7 GeV2

∗2

0.5

3.0

2
∫ qmax∗1

1.0

q 2 (GeV2 )The Large Hadron Collider allows new determinationsof |Vub | and |Vcb | using the baryonic decays Λb →p µ− ν̄µ and Λb → Λc µ− ν̄µ , provided that the relevant
Λb → p and Λb → Λc hadronic form factors can be calculated. In this work, we performed a precise lattice
QCD calculation of these form factors, utilizing lattice gauge-ﬁeld ensembles generated by the RBC and
UKQCD Collaborations. Using our form factor results,
we can predict the Λb → p µ− ν̄µ and Λb → Λc µ− ν̄µdiﬀerential decay rates as functions of |Vub |2 and |Vcb |2 ,as shown in Fig. 1. The LHCb Collaboration has recently measured the following ratio of the partially integrated decay rates3) ,

†

1.5

0

|Vub |excl. = (3.28 ± 0.29) × 10−3 ,−3,|Vub |incl. = (4.41 ± 0.15+0.15−0.17 ) × 10
−3

Λb → p µ− ν̄µ2.0

References
1) K. A. Olive et al. [Particle Data Group], Chin. Phys. C
38, 090001 (2014).
2) J. A. Bailey et al. [SWME Collaboration], Phys. Rev.
D 92, 034510 (2015).
3) R. Aaij et al. [LHCb Collaboration], Nature Phys. 11,743 (2015).
4) A. Crivellin, Phys. Rev. D 81, 031301 (2010).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D 92, 034503(2015)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of ArizonaCenter for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory- 13 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development
ofofcarbon
atthe
thefinal
finalstripping
stripping
sectionDevelopment
carbon disk
disk atsection
H. Hasebe,＊1 H. Okuno,＊1 H. Kuboki,＊1 H. Imao,＊1 N. Fukunishi,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 and O. Kamigaito＊1
The rotating disk stripper at the final stripping section has
played a significant role especially in providing ahigh-intensity and stable U beam since 2012, owing to thediscovery of the Be disk1,2,3,4). However, the heat loadcaused by the increasing beam intensity led to thedeformation of the Be disk after a short irradiation period.
We needed to look for other candidates to replace the Be
disk.
In the autumn of 2014, we attempted to polish a glassy
carbon (GC) disk using the polishing technology applied for
the Be disk. The GC disk has good properties of high heat
resistance, high mechanical strength, and fine-grained
structure. This GC disk (model number F-22) had a densityof 1.93 g·cm-3. The thickness of the disk for operation was
0.085 mm, which was reduced from a 1-mm-thick disk by
diamond polishing. Tanken Seal Seiko Co. LTD5) provided
the disk material and machining was carried out by Crystal
Optics Inc6).
Around the same time, a highly oriented graphite sheet(GS) fabricated by Kaneka Corporation7) was tested as a
stripping material. They provided a sample of GS with athickness of 0.035 mm (7.1 mg·cm-2) with a density of 2.0
g·cm-3. This GS was made from a polymer sheet underhigh-temperature and high-pressurized conditions. A
prominent feature was the high thermal conductivity of1500 W·m-1·K-1 in the plane direction. In addition, the GS
had a high thermal diffusivity of 9.0 cm2·s-1, which was
greater than copper or aluminum. Therefore, the rise intemperature at the beam spot position was suppressed.
Besides that, the non uniformity in the thickness was half of
the Be disk. The GS was mechanically strong and could be
handled easily using scissors or a cutter knife. The GS wasstacked as two layers to make a 0.07-mm-thick disk andwas cut with an outer diameter of 110 mm.
In October 2014, we tested these two new disks (GC andGS) with the U beam. The charge distributions of the GC
and GS disks were almost the same as the Be disk (Fig. 1.).
The beam profiles downstream of the stripping section werealso the same as the Be disk, which indicated that both disks
were applicable for beam operation instead of the Be disk.
We successfully obtained two types of carbon disks, and
the GS disk was used for the U beam from March to May8),
and it was used again from October to November in 2015.
A total of 2.19×1018 U particles with a maximum intensityof 17.5 eµA were irradiated on the GS disk. The heat load
maximally became 240 W. This total amount of theirradiated U particles was twice the amount of the Be disk
when its lifetime was over. Nevertheless, the GS disk was
still usable. Figure 2 shows the photograph of (a) the new
GS disk and (b) the disk after usage. No change in theappearance was observed except for a slight color change
and deformation. It is evident that the GS disk has highdurability.
The GS disk has shown the greatest performance andlongest lifetime compared to all disks so far. The GS can beapplied for multilayer disks with variable thickness. It isuseful for the acceleration of other ion beams. The
three-layer GS disk was already used for the krypton beam
operation, and it successfully worked. The problem in the
final stripping section was solved.

Fig. 1. Charge distributions of Be-, GC-, and GS-disks.

(a)(b)
Fig. 2. (a) New GS disk and (b) the disk after usage(slightly deformed).
References
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

*1 RIKEN Nishina Center- 14 -

H. Ryuto et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 569, 697 (2008).
H. Hasebe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 133 (2013).
H. Hasebe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 144 (2014).
H. Hasebe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 190 (2015).
Kaneka Corporation
http://www.elecdiv.kaneka.co.jp/english/index.html
Tanken Seal Seiko Co. LTD
http://www.tankenseal.co.jp/other/english.html
Crystal Optics Inc
http://www.crystal-opt.co.jp/global/
H. Hasebe et al., HIAT2015. MOA1C01 (2015).

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of Particle identification method of high-intensity
secondary beams at BigRIPS
S. Ota,∗1 J. Zenihiro,∗2 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Michimasa,∗1 M. Dozono,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1
M. Kobayashi,∗1 Y.N. Watanabe,∗3 Y. Kiyokawa,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 S. Masuoka,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗1 K. Yako,∗1
N. Imai,∗1 H. Baba,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2 K. Yoshida,∗2 N. Inabe,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2 D.S. Ahn,∗2 D. Murai,∗2
H. Sato,∗2 Y. Sato,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2 and T. Uesaka∗2
Recent development of accelerators enables us toutilize high-intensity primary beams and resultant
high-intensity secondary beams at RIBF. Available
intensity of the secondary beam becomes more than
105 cps at BigRIPS. However, when we apply the standard particle identiﬁcation method of TOF-Bρ-∆E forsuch high-intensity beams, in particular around Z=50
beams, two problems arise.
One serious problem is that the resolution of ∆E
becomes worse due to the pile up of the slow signal
from the ionization chamber, thereby reducing the resolution of atomic number. The other problem is theradiation damage of plastic scintillators that are used
to measure the TOF. In addition to these problems,
the PPAC had larger discharge probability with thehigh-intensity beams than that with the low-intensity
beams. In this paper, we report a new particle identiﬁcation method using detectors with high radiation
hardness and fast time response at BigRIPS, in orderto resolve this problem and identify the high-intensity
secondary beams.
We propose the new particle identiﬁcation methodof TOF-Bρ-Bρ, where ∆E is not measured directly.
An energy degrader is placed at the dispersive second
focus (F5) and the energy loss at the degrader is indirectly used for the extraction of atomic number. Assuming that mass number and charge do not change
at the degrader, the energy loss at F5 is expressed byBρ57
35∆E = (γ35 −1)Amu −(γ57 −1)Amu = cZ( Bρβ35 − β57 ).
Combining this expression with the Bethe-Bloch for2
mula for the energy loss, ∆E ∼ d βZ2 , where d is the
35
thickness of the degrader, and assuming that the ion is
fully stripped, namely Q = Z, the atomic number canbe obtained as,
Z = C(

2
Bρ35
Bρ57 β35
.
−
)
β35
β57
d

Fig. 1.: Correlation between the atomic numbers deduced using the new method (Zdeg) and the standard
method (Zic).

(a) 104 cps.

Fig. 2.: Correlation between the atomic number andthe mass-to-charge ratio.

correlation between the atomic numbers deduced using the new method and the standard method, which
are shown by the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. There is a clear correspondence of two values,
which validates that the new method extracts the correct atomic number. Figure 2(a) shows the plot forparticle identiﬁcation with a low-intensity beam (lessthan 103 cps). Vertical and horizontal axes show theatomic number and mass-to-charge ratio, respectively.
Figure 2(b) shows the same plot with the high-intensity
beams (about 106 cps). Eﬃciency seems worse for thehigh-intensity beams, which may be caused by wrong
position deduction of LP-MWDC, which will be recovered by further analysis.

(1)

In order to overcome the diﬃculty of radiation damage and discharge, plastic scintillators and PPACs are
replaced with diamond detectors1) and low-pressure
multi-wire drift chambers2) (LP-MWDC), respectively.
The test experiment was performed using a 132 Sn
beam at incident energies of 100 and 200 MeV/u.
The typical intensity was 1×106 cps and the maximum intensity was 3.4×106 cps. Figure 1 shows the
∗1
∗2
∗3

(b) 106 cps.

References
1) S. Michimasa et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B317 (2013)710.
2) H. Miya et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B317 (2013) 701.

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo- 15 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

The first on-line commissioning study on parasitic production of
low-energy RI-beam system(PALIS) at BigRIPS
T. Sonoda,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 M. Reponen,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 T.M. Kojima,∗1 H. Iimura,∗2 A. Deuk Soon,∗1
N. Fukuda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1
M. Wakasugi,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 Y. Hirayama,∗3 D. Matsui,∗4 H. Miyatake,∗3 V. Sonnenschein,∗4
S. Takamatsu,∗4 H. Tomita,∗4 Y.X. Watanabe,∗3 F. Arai,∗1 S. Arai,∗1 N. Imai,∗5 Y. Ito,∗1 K. Okada,∗6
P. Schury,∗3 H. Wollnik,∗7 and ImPACT Collaboration
to produce single charged low-energy RI-beams by theresonant laser ionization/IGISOL method and to identify as the individual isotopic beam.

The first on-line commissioning study for the parasitic production of low-energy RI-beam system(PALIS)
1,2)
was performed. The beam time was dedicated for0.5 day and also in a parasitic manner during ImPACT
experiment. We confirmed the feasibility of the parasitic experiment in actual BigRIPS beam time. We
observed the beta-rays from radioactive decay of RIs,
which were extracted from the gas cell after deceleration and thermalization in a gas.
By installing a small gas cell immediately in frontof the second focal plane (F2) slit in BigRIPS, therestoration of unused RI-beams is implemented. Thus
unused beams in flight with a main beam consist of
isotonic chains of nuclei arrived at the right and left
slit plates in F2, which are symmetrical with respect
to the main beam. The PALIS gas cell can move on
the bilateral side by crossing the main beam. We investigated the interference on the transmission of themain beam by varying the gas cell position as shown in
Fig. 1. The main beam was 79 Se with 200 MeV/u andthe yield was counted at the downstream plastic scintillator located in the third focal plane chamber (F3) in
BigRIPS. We confirmed that there is no interruption
on the main beam passage, unless the gas cell stays inthe beam central axis within ± 15 mm.
A simple RIs extraction test was also done. The Cu
isotope beams, which are mainly 66−69 Cu, produced
by in-flight fission were implanted into the gas cell.
The beams were first decelerated by a degrader, where
the energy was reduced from around 280 MeV/u to
10 MeV/u, and then thermalized in the gas cell. The
stopped RIs were transported by a gas flow to the exit
hole. A small plastic scintillator installed at the outletof the gas cell exit hole detected the radiation by decay of extracted RIs. In order to avoid background, theBigRIPS beam was stopped during the measurement.
Through the obtained decay curve as shown in Fig. 2,
we confirmed that 10% of 66,68,69 Cu isotopes were extracted against the total number of those implanted
isotopes.
In the next on-line commissioning study, we plan
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

F3 counter

F2-SLITRIGHT

F2-SLIT
LEFT

50

X

PALIS
Gas cell

79Se beam

3000

F3 counts/s (79Se)

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-60

-40

-20
0
-20
-40
Gas cell position X (mm)60

Fig. 1. Interference on the transmission of main beam byvarying the gas cell position.
5000

Gas cell
Ar 10kPa<Experimental setup>
66-69Cu, 280MeV/u

counts/s

4000

exit hole

DegraderPlastic
scinti.

3000

ON

2000

OFF

Beam
300
ON

OFF

1000

Measurement(Plastic scinti.)

300
700

0

0

50

100

150
200
Time(s)250

300

Fig. 2. Beta ray counts of the extracted RIs.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Faculty of Engering, Nagoya University
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Sophia University
New Mexico State University

References
1) T. Sonoda et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1104 (2009) 132.
2) T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B295 (2013)1.

- 16 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

NeuLAND demonstrator at SAMURAI:
commissioning and efficiency studies
J. Kahlbow,∗1,∗2 T. Aumann,∗1 K. Boretzky,∗3,∗2 I. Gašparić,∗4,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗5,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗5,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2
H. Simon,∗3 Y. Togano,∗5,∗2 H. Törnqvist,∗1,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗2 and the NeuLAND-SAMURAI Collaboration
NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is
the new neutron detector being developed for the R3 B
setup (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams)
at FAIR, Germany. This time-of-flight spectrometeris designed to have an invariant-mass resolution of∆E < 20 keV at 100 keV above the neutron threshold1)
and identify six coincident neutrons.
This high-granularity detector will consist of 3000
single plastic-scintillator bars organised in 30 modular
double-planes, each assembled out of 50 horizontal and
50 vertical scintillator bars of 5 × 5 × 250 cm3 .
In January 2015, the first four double-planes of NeuLAND – the so-called demonstrator – were shippedfrom GSI in Germany to the RIBF in Japan. By
adding NeuLAND to the neutron detection system
NEBULA at SAMURAI, the multi-neutron detection
efficiency and position resolution of the system are improved significantly. This allows for measurement of
3- and 4-neutron-unbound nuclear systems with good
statistics, as conducted in autumn 2015 with the spectroscopy of unbound neutron-rich oxygen isotopes2) .
During the autumn campaign, the performance ofthe 400 single NeuLAND modules for fast neutrons at
SAMURAI was studied in a one-day machine-study
experiment using quasi-monoenergetic neutrons fromthe 7 Li(p,n)7 Be reaction. The aim was to extract the
one-neutron detection efficiency, study the detector response of NeuLAND and NEBULA at 110 MeV and
250 MeV, and establish a method to separate multineutron events with the help of simulations.
In this experiment, NeuLAND was placed 10.87 m
downstream from the target at zero degrees. The two
NEBULA sub-detectors were located behind it. In
front of NeuLAND, a layer of eight 1 cm thin plastic
scintillators was placed to veto charged-particle events.
The 800 NeuLAND PMT channels were read out with
TacQuila electronics developed at GSI, which include
QDC, TDC, and trigger multiplexer boards.
To determine the one-neutron detection efficiency of
the NeuLAND demonstrator at 110 MeV and 250 MeV,
the neutrons from 7 Li(p,n)7 Be(g. s. + 430 keV) were
measured. In this charge-exchange reaction, almost
monoenergetic neutrons were produced, as either the7
Be ground state or excited state at 430 keV is directly
populated. These neutrons were emitted in the for∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

ward direction and detected by NeuLAND, whereas
the unreacted protons were bent in the SAMURAI
dipole magnet.
The secondary proton beam was produced by
the fragmentation of a 48 Ca primary beam at
345 MeV/nucleon and impinged on the 1.05 g/cm2
thick natural Li target. The incident proton-beamrate was about 1 MHz and the reaction trigger
rate (NeuLAND×Beam) about 1.5 kHz. The beam
spot was determined by two plastic-scintillator vetocounters with a hole diameter of 3 cm.
In order to identify one-neutron events in NeuLAND,
the neutron velocity spectrum, shown in Fig. 1, isconsidered. The peak marked by the fitted curve isassociated with the response to quasi-monoenergetic
neutrons; the continuum is mainly caused by neutrons
from other break-up reactions.
The mean time resolution obtained from cosmic-ray
data for horizontal bars is σt = 118(18) ps with an energy cut E > 5 MeVee, a high multiplicity condition,
and a horizontal position |x| < 50 cm.
The final results from this calibration measurementwith high-energy monoenergetic neutrons will allow
the precise determination of cross sections in measurements using NeuLAND at SAMURAI.
counts

2000

1500
1000
500
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6
0.7
velocity β / cFig. 1. Preliminary experimental velocity spectrum of
NeuLAND for ∼ 110 MeV neutrons with veto condition
on charged particles, background subtraction, spatial
cut, and an energy cut E > 5 MeVee. The backgroundwas evaluated with an empty-target run. The integral
under the red curve indicates the neutron events.

Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt
RIKEN Nishina Center
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Ruder Bošković Institute, Zagreb
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology

References
1) NeuLAND Technical Design Report, http://www.faircenter.eu/fileadmin/fair/experiments/NUSTAR/Pdf/
TDRs/NeuLAND-TDR-Web.pdf, accessed: 2016/01/21.
2) Y. Kondo et al., In this report.

- 17 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Beam commissioning of the rare-RI ring
Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 Y. Abe,∗1 D. Nagae,∗1 F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 H. Miura,∗2 S. Ohmika,∗2 S. Naimi,∗1 Z. Ge,∗2
T. Yamaguchi,∗2 A. Ozawa,∗3 S. Suzuki,∗3 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗4 S. Ota,∗4
T. Uesaka,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 T. Watanabe,∗1 Y. Yano,∗1 and Rare-RI Ring Collaborators
We conducted two test experiments of the rare-RI
ring in 2015. The ﬁrst experiment using a 78 Kr primary beam with an energy of 168 MeV/u was performed in June. At that time, we succeeded in injecting a particle, which was randomly produced from a
DC beam from cyclotrons, into the ring individuallywith a fast kicker system1) ; we extracted the particle
from the ring less than 1 ms after the injection2) . We
also checked the periodic signals of the circulated particle in the ring by using a carbon-foil with an MCP
detector3) . We measured the Time-Of-Flight (TOF)of the particles between the entrance and the exit of
the ring to check the isochronism. By adjusting theﬁrst-order isochronous magnetic ﬁeld using trim-coils,
which were installed into the dipole magnets of thering, the isochronism of around 10-ppm was achieved
for the momentum spread of ±0.2%4) . In addition,
we conﬁrmed that a resonance-type Schottky pick-up
successfully acquired the revolution frequency information of one particle with a resolution of approximately
1.3 × 10−6 in a storage mode5) .
The second experiment was performed in December
by using a secondary beam to verify the principle ofmass determination using the following equation.
√m1
1 − β12
m0 T1
=(
)
,
(1)
q
q T0 1 − ( TT1 β1 )20Fig. 1. (a) Timing signal of the detected particles at theplastic scintillation counter after injection by kicker
magnets. (b) Two-dimensional for particle identification before the F3 of BigRIPS. The red circle indicatesthe injected particles.

where m0,1 /q is the mass-to-charge ratio of the reference and interested particles, T0,1 is revolution time ofthese particles, β1 = v/c, v is the velocity of the interested particles, and c is the light velocity. The secondary beam was produced via the projectile fragmentation of a 345 MeV/u 48 Ca primary beam with a 9 Be
target. We identiﬁed the isotopes before the F3 achromatic focus of BigRIPS, and we injected particles tothe ring individually with the fast kicker system. Figure 1 (a) shows the timing signal of the detected particles using a plastic scintillation counter, which was
installed on the central orbit of the ring at the next
straight section of the kicker area. We conﬁrmed thatthese particles are 36 Ar and 35 Cl by using the ∆E-TOF
information eventually, as shown in Fig. 1 (b). Afterremoving the plastic scintillation counter from the central orbit of the ring, we checked the periodic signalsof these two types of particles by using the carbonfoil with the MCP detector3) . Finally we succeeded
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Fig. 2. Spectrum of TOF between the plastic scintillation
counter at S0 of SHARAQ and the plastic scintillation
counter at the exit area of R3 is shown. The peak on
the left side indicates extracted 36 Ar, whereas the peakon the right side indicates extracted 35 Cl.

in extracting these particles from the ring simultaneously. Figure 2 shows the result of the TOF between
the plastic scintillation counter at S0 of SHARAQ and
the plastic scintillation counter at the exit area of thering.
Oﬄine analysis is now in progress to determine therevolution time (T0,1 ) and the β1 values, which will allow the discussion of mass determination using equation (1).
References
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al.: Phys. Scr. T166 (2015) 014056.
2) H. Miura et al.: In this report.
3) D. Nagae et al.: In this report.
4) Y. Abe et al.: In this report.
5) F. Suzaki et al.: In this report.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo- 18 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurement of isochronism using 78 Kr beam for the Rare RI Ring
Y. Abe,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 S. Ohmika,∗3 A. Ozawa,∗2 Z. Ge,∗1,∗3
F. Suzaki,∗1,∗3 S. Naimi,∗1 D. Nagae,∗1 H. Miura,∗3 T. Yamaguchi∗3 and for the Rare RI Ring collaboration

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Saitama University- 19 -

Since we succeeded in the ﬁrst beam commissioning
using a primary beam, we performed an experimentusing a secondary beam in December 2015. In thisexperiment, we succeeded in extracting two kinds of
RI produced from 48 Ca.6) In the near future, the Rare
RI Ring will be able to measure the masses of exotic
nuclei, which will have a signiﬁcant impact on the understanding of the r-process.
70100010(∂B/∂r)/B0 = 0.279 m-1

5
4
3700950

TOF [ns]

2
7009001700850

0.5
0.4
0.3

7008000.2700750-0.5701000

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

dp/p0 @ F6X [%]

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

TOF [ns]

0.1

10(∂B/∂r)/B0 = 0.277 m-1

5
4
370095027009001700850

0.5
0.4
0.3

700800700750
-0.5

0.2

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

dp/p0 @ F6X [%]

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.1

Fig. 1. TOF spectra as a function of the momentum spreadwith diﬀerent values of the radial gradient of the magnetic ﬁeld (∂B/∂r)/B0 . The solid lines show the resultsof ﬁtting with a quadratic function.
120(∂B/∂r)/B0 = 0.279 m-1

100

Counts [ /bin]

We constructed a new storage ring based on theisochronous mass spectroscopy technique, named the“Rare RI Ring,” to measure the masses of rare nuclei
with high precision.1) An oﬄine machine study using
an α-source (241 Am) was performed last year. In theoﬄine machine study, we succeeded in tuning the ﬁrstorder isochronous ﬁeld using trim coils.2)
In June 2015, the ﬁrst beam commissioning of theRare RI Ring was performed, where a 78 Kr beam at
345 MeV/nucleon was used. To perform an individual
injection using a self-trigger signal from F3, the energyof 78 Kr beam was degraded to 168 MeV/nucleon byusing a degrader.
First, we transported the beam to the ring with adispersion matching at the center of kicker magnets inaccordance with the optical calculations.3) After that,
we injected 78 Kr particles individually using the fastkicker system.4) After the individual injection was successful, we conﬁrmed whether the particle was stored.
We conﬁrmed the periodic signals of the circulated particle through a foil detector, which was located on theclosed orbit of the ring.5) Once the storage was conﬁrmed, the extraction was performed. After removing
the foil detector from the closed orbit, we succeededin extracting the particles from the ring after about
700 µs.
Figure 1 shows the TOF of 78 Kr particles asa function of the momentum spread with diﬀerent
values of the radial gradient of the magnetic ﬁeld(∂B/∂r)/B0 and results of ﬁtting with a quadratic
function. From the ﬁtting results, we found thatthe isochronous condition was changed according to
the value of (∂B/∂r)/B0 . Furthermore, to evaluate
the isochronism of the ring, the width of the TOF
spectrum was extracted. Since the spectrum has along tail due to higher-order isochronous ﬁeld contributions in the ring, we ﬁtted the spectrum using a
Gaussian function with an exponential tail to evaluate the width that included the tail. Figure 2 shows
the TOF spectrum and the result of ﬁtting in thecase of (∂B/∂r)/B0 = 0.279 m−1 . The TOF widthof (∂B/∂r)/B0 = 0.279 m−1 was obtained about 12
ns in FWHM. Therefore, we found that the degree ofisochronism achieved is about 1.9 × 10−5 . Thus, wewere able to achieve a 10-ppm isochronism by adjusting the ﬁrst-order isochronous ﬁeld. Furthermore, we
found that the optimum value would be slightly larger
than 0.279 m−1 from these results.

80

60

40

20

0
820

830

840

850

860

870

TOF + 700,000 [ns]

880

890

900

Fig. 2. TOF spectrum and the result of ﬁtting using a
Gaussian function with an exponential tail.

References
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 xiv(2013).
2) Y. Abe et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48 24 (2015).
3) Z. Ge et al.: In this report.
4) H. Miura et al.: In this report.
5) D. Nagae et al.: In this report.
6) Y. Yamaguchi et al.: In this report.

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Possiblemuoniccytochrome
Possiblemuonicradical
radical formation
formation inincytochromec c
Y. Sugawara,*1 I. Yanagihara,*1 A. D. Pant,*2 T. Fujimaki,*3 I. Shiraki,*3 M. Kusunoki,*3 H. Ariga,*4 W. Higemoto,*5
K. Shimomura,*2 K. Ishida,*6 F. Pratt,*7 E. Torikai,*3 and K. Nagamine*2, *8, *9The electron-transfer process plays important rolesin the photosynthetic electron transfer chain inchlorophylls and the respiratory chain in
mitochondria. Two of the authors of this work (KNand ET) have previously successfully measuredµSR spectra of hemoprotein of cytochrome c andDNA.1) The major parts of µSR spectra were found tofollow the Risch-Kehr
Risch-Kerh (R-K) function, G(t) =exp(t)erfc(t)1/2,
where Γ isis thethe relaxation
relaxation parameter.
parameter.2)
exp(Γt)erfc(Γt)1/2, where
Longitudinal magnetic field dependence of  reflects the
behavior of the electron brought by the muon.1-3) Motivatedby these situations, we have been examining µSR spectraof cytochrome c, which is one of the members of therespiratory chain in mitochondria.4)
It was found that some fractions of the SR amplitude
can be attributed to the muonic radical formation on thebasis of an avoided level crossing resonance in thelongitudinal field dependence data, the results of which arereported herein.
The µSR measurements of oxidized cytochrome c ofhorse heart (water content was less than 5 % w/w) werecarried out at RIKEN-RAL and J-PARC MUSE. The Bext
dependence of the relaxation data were analyzed by
Lorentzian function.
The longitudinal field dependence of the initial and thebaseline asymmetries and relaxation rates () values areshown in Fig. 1a.
The  became large at around 10 ~ 20 G. Some fractionsof the µSR amplitude could be attributed to the muonicradical formation on the basis of an avoided level crossing
resonance.
Similar experimental results had been obtained in thecase of polyglycine.5) Judging from the structural analogy(Fig. 1b), the muonic radical would be formed at a
carbonyl moiety of polypeptide bonds, which form themain chain of cytochrome c. We should pay attention to thefollowing classification to consider the muon stopping sites
and behavior of electrons brought by muons.
1. peptide bonds (-CO-NH-) and side chains of Gln andAsn (-CONH2)
2. side chains of Glu and Asp (-COO-)

3. aromatic side chains i.e. phenylalanine, tryptophan,tyrosine, and histidine
4. the porphyrin ring of the heme part.
When a part of the muons stopped at the moieties
classified to 1 and 2, muonium radicals would be formed.
On the other hand, when muons stopping at the moieties
classified to 3 and 4, electrons which were brought bymuons would delocalized and diffuse in proteins. Due tothe latter contribution, the other fractions of µSR spectra
would follow the R-K function.
Improved studies, both experimental and theoretical arein progress.

Fig. 1a Longitudinal field dependence of initial asymmetry and+baseline asymmetry (left) and relaxation rate (right) of µ in dry
cytochrome c.

Fig. 1b Longitudinal field dependence of initial asymmetry andbaseline asymmetry (left) and relaxation rate (right) of µ+ inpolyglycine.

References

1) K.Nagamine et al., Physica B. 631, 289-290 (2000).
2) R. Risch and K.W. Kehr, Phys. Rev. B. 46, 5246 (1992).
3) F.L. Pratt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2855 (1997).
4) A.D. Pant et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 033007 (2015).
5) F.L. Pratt et al., (private communication).

*1 Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University*2 Muon Science Laboratory, KEK-IMSS*3 Int. Grad. School, University of Yamanashi*4 Instute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University*5 ASRC, Japan Atomic Energy Agency*6 Advanced Meson Science Lab., RIKEN*7 ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory*8 Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN*9 Physics & Astronmy, UC Riverside- 20 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Developmentofofaarapid
rapidsolvent
solvent extraction
extraction apparatus
Development
apparatusfor
forthetheaqueousaqueouschemistry of thechemistry
the heaviest
heaviestelements
elements
Y. Komori,*1 H. Haba,*1 K. Ooe,*2 A. Toyoshima,*3 A. Mitsukai,*3 M. Murakami,*1,*2 D. Sato,*2 R. Motoyama,*2 S. Yano,*1
K. Watanabe,*1 A. Sakaguchi,*4 J. Inagaki,*4 H. Kikunaga,*5 and J. P. Omtvedt*6
were then subjected to the γ-ray spectrometry to determine
the distribution ratios (D). We measured the D values of Tc
and Re by varying the capillary length from 5 cm to 100 cm
to change the extraction time. We also varied aconcentration of TOA from 0.005 M to 0.1 M to evaluate anapplicable D range with the FSE. These D values werecompared with those in the batch extraction that wereobtained by 3-min shaking.
The dissolution efficiencies of 90mNb, 90gNb, and 178aTa
with the MDG were 56 ± 2, 88 ± 6, and 82 ± 7%,
respectively. The efficiency of the short-lived 90mNb issmaller than those of the long-lived 90gNb and 178aTa. In the
online solvent extraction with the MDG-FSE, a variation of
the D values of Tc and Re is shown in Fig. 1 as a functionof the capillary length. The extraction equilibrium of Tc andRe was attained with the 40-cm capillary. The time required
for the solutions to pass through the 40-cm capillary is
calculated as 2.4 s, which is sufficiently short to perform thesolvent extraction with 265Sga,b (T1/2 = 8.5 s, 14.4 s)4) and266
Bh (T1/2 = 10.7 s).5) We also found that the D values of Tc
and Re increase with increasing the TOA concentration. The
D values with the MDG-FSE were consistent with those in
the batch extraction except for Tc at a high TOA
concentration of > 0.05 M, where the D values obtained forTc with the MDG-FSE were slightly smaller than those in
the batch extraction. The reason of this discrepancy is underconsideration.
10

D

To realize the aqueous chemistry studies of Sg (Z = 106)and heavier elements, we are developing a continuous andrapid solvent extraction apparatus coupled with the GARIS
gas-jet system.1) This apparatus consists of a continuous
dissolution apparatus called as Membrane DeGasser (MDG),
Flow Solvent Extractor (FSE), and liquid scintillation
detectors. In this work, we developed the MDG and FSE,
and conducted online solvent extraction of Tc and Re as
homologs of element 107, Bh.
We modified the MDG developed by a research group ofUniv. Oslo and JAEA.2) Major modifications were to reducea dead volume of the apparatus from 90 µL to 23 µL and tosimplify the structure of the gas/solution-mixing unit todissolve shorter-lived nuclides with higher efficiencies at alower flow rate of 1 mL/min. Further, we fabricated the
FSE that consisted of a Teflon capillary and a phaseseparator by referring to a well-known flow injection
analysis technique.3) The inner diameter of the capillary is
0.5 mm. We can easily change the extraction time byvarying the capillary length. In the phase separator, organic
and aqueous phases are separated from each other with a
PTFE membrane filter (ADVANTEC T300A013A) byapplying pressure on the outlet of the capillary of theaqueous phase.
We investigated the performance of the MDG using the
AVF cyclotron at RIKEN. Short-lived 90m,gNb (T1/2 = 18.8 s,
14.6 h) and 178aTa (T1/2 = 2.36 h) were simultaneously
produced in the natZr(d,xn) and natHf(d,xn) reactions,
respectively. The reaction products were transported by the
He/KCl gas-jet system to the MDG in the chemistrylaboratory. The reaction products were dissolved with 1 M
HF at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The solution from the MDG
was collected for 1 min and was then subjected to γ-ray
spectrometry with a Ge detector. The dissolution
efficiencies were determined by comparing the radioactivity
in the solution with that of the direct catch on a glass fiber
filter (ADVANTEC GB-100R). Next, we coupled the MDG
and the FSE and performed online solvent extraction of Tc
and Re. 92,94mTc (T1/2 = 4.25, 293 min) and 181Re (T1/2 = 20h) produced simultaneously in the natMo(d,xn) andnat
W(d,xn) reactions, respectively, were transported by thegas-jet to the MDG. They were continuously dissolved with
0.5 M and 1 M HNO3, and they were extracted with the
FSE into an organic phase of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) intoluene. Both aqueous and organic phases from the FSE

1 M HNO 3

92,94gTc MDG-FSE
181Re MDG-FSE
94gTc Batch ext.
181Re Batch ext.

1

0.1
0

20

40
60
80
Capillary length [cm]100

Fig. 1. Variation of the D values of Tc and Re as afunction of the capillary length. The concentrations of
HNO3 and TOA are 1 M and 0.01 M, respectively.
0

References

1

2

Time / s
34561) H. Haba et al.: Chem. Lett. 38, 426 (2009).
2) K. Ooe et al.: J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 303, 1317 (2015).
3) S. Motomizu: J. Flow Injection Anal. 5, 71 (1988).
4) H. Haba et al.: Phys. Rev. C 85, 024611 (2012).
5) H. Haba et al.: Pacifichem 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.,
Dec. INOR 1578, 2015.

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Graduate school of Sci. and Technol., Niigata Univ.
＊3
JAEA
＊4
Univ. Tsukuba＊5
ELPH, Tohoku Univ.
＊6
Univ. Oslo＊1

- 21 -

95m
183R

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Productionofof6767Cu
Cuusingusing thed,αn)6767
Cu
Production
the 7070Zn(
Zn(d,αn)Cureaction
reaction
S. Yano,＊1 H. Haba,＊1 S. Shibata,＊1 Y. Komori,＊1 K. Takahashi,＊1 Y. Wakitani,＊2 T. Yamada,＊2 and M. Matsumoto＊2
Since 2007, we have distributed purified radioisotopes
such as 65Zn and 109Cd prepared at the RIKEN AVF cyclotron
for the purpose of contribution to society throughout
industrial application of accelerator based- science.1) Copper67 (half-life T1/2 = 61.83 h and β–-decay branch Iβ- = 100%)is one of the promising radioisotopes for radiotherapy andradiodiagnosis.2) Although several routes have been
proposed for the production of 67Cu, the high-energy protoninduced reaction of 68Zn(p,2p)67Cu has been used mostoften.3) In this route, however, a large-scale cyclotron isrequired to accelerate protons up to ~ 100 MeV, and a large
contamination of the radionuclidic impurity of 64Cu is
unavoidable in the 67Cu product.3) Further, the long-lived
byproduct of 65Zn (T1/2 = 244.06 d) is also undesired in therecycle process of the enriched target material of 68Zn. Thus,
we plan to produce 67Cu in the 70Zn(d,αn)67Cu reaction,
where small amounts of 64Cu and 65Zn are produced.4) In thiswork, for the future distribution of 67Cu, we investigated aprocedure to prepare purified 67Cu in the 70Zn(d,αn)67Cu
reaction at the AVF cyclotron.
In the 70Zn(d,αn)67Cu route, 67Ga can be produced from Zn
isotopes such as 66Zn and 67Zn, which are contained in small
amounts in the enriched 70Zn target. The γ-ray energies of67
Ga are identical to those of 67Cu, because 67Ga and 67Cu
decay to the same excited levels of 67Zn by EC- and β–-decay,
respectively. In addition, the half-life of 67Ga (T1/2 = 3.26 d)
is almost the same as that of 67Cu. Thus, it is difficult todistinguish between 67Cu and 67Ga by γ-ray spectrometry.
Also the expensive enriched isotope of 70Zn should berecovered for reuse. To develop a chemical procedure to
remove 67Ga from 67Cu and to recover the rare 70Zn material,
we first produced radiotracers of 61Cu, 66Ga, and 69mZn in thenatZn(d,X) reactions by irradiating 24-MeV deuterons on ametallic natZn foil (nat: natural isotopic abundance; chemical
purity: >99.99%; thickness: 71.4 mg cm–2). The average
beam intensity was 150 nA, and the irradiation time was 26
min. An enriched 70ZnO target (70Zn isotopic abundance:
96.87%; thickness: 327 mg cm–2) was also irradiated with the
24-MeV deuterons in order to evaluate the production yieldof 67Cu from 70Zn and the quality of the purified 67Cu product.
The average beam intensity was 18 nA, and the irradiation
time was 56 min. After the irradiation, as shown in Fig. 1, Cu
isotopes were separated from the natZn and 70ZnO targets
through a two-step chromatographic separation using the
Eichrom Cu resin and the Dowex 1X8 anion-exchange
resin.5) We carried out the chemical procedure using theradiotracers of 61Cu, 66Ga, and 69mZn produced in thenatZn(d,X) reaction. A high chemical yield of 97% was
obtained for 61Cu. Decontamination factors of 66Ga and 69mZn＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Radioisotope Association- 22 -

from 61Cu were evaluated to be~103 and >103,respectively.
The recovery of >99% for 69mZn, was high enough forrecycling of the 70Zn target material. Figure 2 shows the γray spectrum of the purified 67Cu from the enriched 70Zn
target. Under the present experimental condition, theproduction yield of 67Cu was 4.0 MBq μA–1h–1. The
radioactivity ratio of A(67Cu)/A(67Ga) was about 2×104 after
the chemical separation. Based on the present results, weestimate that about 1 GBq of 67Cu could be distributed after
3-days irradiation of a metallic 70Zn target of 357-mg cm–2
thickness with a 24-MeV and 10-μA deuteron beam,followed by 3 days for chemical separation and shipment.

Fig. 1. Chemical separation procedure for 67Cu produced inthe 70Zn(d,αn)67Cu reaction.

Fig. 2. γ-ray spectrum of the purified 67Cu from the enriched
Zn target irradiated with the 24-MeV deuteron.

70

References

1) T. Kambara et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 295 (2008).
2) I. Novak-Hofer et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 29, 821 (2002).
3) IAEA Technical Reports Series 473 (2011).
4) J. Kozempel et al., Radiochim. Acta. 100, 419 (2012).
5) Eichrom technologies’ Product Catalog for 2013.

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Characteristicsof
ofgenomic
genomic rearrangements
rearrangements induced
Characteristics
inducedby
byheavy-ion
heavy-ionbeam
beam††
irradiation in Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis thaliana
irradiation
thaliana
T. Hirano,＊1, *2 Y. Kazama,＊1 K. Ishii,＊1 S. Ohbu,＊1 Y. Shirakawa,＊1 and T. Abe＊1
Among plants, the molecular nature of mutations inducedby heavy-ion beam irradiation has been mainly
characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously
reported that an Ar-ion or Fe-ion beam with a high LET (≥290 keV/μm) often induces large deletion mutations andgenomic rearrangements.1), 2) However, such genomic
rearrangements could not be fully characterized by theconventional method using polymerase chain reaction andsequencing analysis on restricted chromosomal regions orloci. Whole-genome resequencing might help fully detect
the rearrangements. In the present study, we characterized
the total mutations in the mutant genomes bywhole-genome resequencing, and the mutagenic effects of
the high-LET heavy-ion beams were evaluated.
Resequencing of three mutant lines of A. thaliana
ecotype Col-0 was performed at the Takara Dragon
Genomics Center (Takara Bio Inc., Mie, Japan) using one
lane of the HiSeq 2000 sequencing system (Illumina Inc.,
CA, USA). Genomic DNAs for the resequencing wereisolated from 40 plants of each mutant line (M 3 generation)
derived from Ar-ion beam irradiation (290 keV/μm, 50 Gy).
The reads obtained from the resequencing were mapped to areference genome (TAIR10). The total mutations in the
mutant genomes were detected by using SAMtools(v0.1.16),3) Pindel (v0.2.4.d),4) and BreakDancer (v1.1)5)
algorithms, and the mutations observed at least in two
mutants were excluded, being considered as backgroundmutations harbored in ecotype Col-0 in our laboratory.
The three mutant lines selected for the resequencing wereprescreened by array-comparative genomic hybridization(CGH), wherein the induced mutations were partially
identified. The mutant lines Ar-57-al1, Ar-365-as1, andAr-443-as1 showed no large deletions (≥ 200 bp), deletions
between several hundred bp to several kbp with genomic
rearrangements, and a 600-kbp deletion with a genomic
rearrangement, respectively. As a result of resequencing
followed by mutation detection, total mutations includingbase substitutions, duplications, in/dels, inversions, andtranslocations were detected. In mutant line Ar-57-al1, thesize range of the detected deletions was from 1 to 75 bp,
and these results were in agreement with those fromarray-CGH. Large deletions and genomic rearrangements
were detected by Pindel and BreakDancer, and all of thedeleted regions flagged by array-CGH were detected by theresequencing-based method in Ar-365-as1 and Ar-443-as1.
The numbers of homozygous-mutated genes, in which†

mutations would be expected to affect the mutant
phenotypes, were calculated as seven, five, and eleven in
the Ar-57-al1, Ar-365-as1, and Ar-443-as1 mutant lines,
respectively. The candidate genes responsible for the mutant
phenotypes we focused on were found from thehomozygous-mutated genes in each mutant line. These
results indicate that the mutation detection platform using
resequencing data has the appropriate performancestandards to detect total mutations induced by radiation
treatment.
Resequencing revealed that the three mutants harboredcomplex genomic rearrangements. In the rearrangements of
Ar-365-as1, for example, two inverted fragments weredetected in chromosome 2, and one of the fragments
translocated in the same chromosome (Fig. 1). In total, 22
DNA fragments were found to have contributed to thecomplex genomic rearrangements. Of these, 19 fragments
were involved in the intra-chromosomal rearrangements.
Accelerated Ar ions with high LET lead to dense ionization
along the particle path. Therefore, it is suggested that DNA
damage induces juxtapositions in the mutant genomes, andthat clustered DNA fragments, contributing to theintrachromosomal rearrangements and large deletions, aregenerated.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of genomic
rearrangements induced by Ar-ion beam irradiation.
The rearrangements were detected in chromosome 2 ofmutant line Ar-365-as1.
References

1) T. Hirano et al., Mutat. Res. 735, 19 (2012).
2) Y. Kazama et al., Genes Genet. Syst. 88, 189 (2013).
3) H. Li et al., Bioinformatics 25, 2078 (2009).
4) K. Ye et al., Bioinformatics 25, 2865 (2009).
5) K. Chen et al., Nature Methods 9, 677 (2009).

Condensed from the article in Plant J., 82, 93 (2015).

＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki- 23 -

Ⅰ. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Breedingof
ofSummer-Autumn
Summer-Autumn Flowering
Flowering Chrysanthemum
Breeding
Chrysanthemumcv.
cv.Hakuryo
Hakuryolittlegeneration
generation ofof malformed
malformed flower
with aa little
withflower
A. Hisamura, *1 D. Mine, *2 T. Takeda, *1 T. Abe, *3 Y. Hayashi, *3 and T. Hirano *4
has these following characteristics. Harvest in natural
flowering is from the last ten days of May to the beginningof June, which is about 3 weeks earlier than
“Iwano-hakusen”. The flowering days after the end of thelong-day treatment is about 45 days. The stem grows fasterand is 4 cm – 5 cm longer than “Iwano-hakusen”. The sizeof the flower at harvest is about the same or little bigger
than “Iwano-hakusen”. The number of ray flowers is about
the same or little lesser than “Iwano-hakusen”. The
occurrence rate of malformed flowers is substantially lessthan that of “Iwano-hakusen” in September-flowering type
plants, which is only about 10% (Fig. 2).
“Hakuryo” is becoming popular gradually because thecommercializing rate has been increasing as the generationof malformed flowers decreases, so that farmers can expect
financial stability. However, “Hakuryo” has two problems:
its weight is slightly lighter because of its longer stem andleaf scorch is often seen. Therefore, we need to select aheavier line and establish a cultivation technique to improve
the quality of “Hakuryo”.

Chrysanthemum is the main element of flowering plant
production in Nagasaki Prefecture. Its growing area spreads
over 168 hectares and has an output of approximately 3,500
million yen. A summer-autumn flowering Chrysanthemum
cv. Iwano-hakusen has come to a main summer-autumn
Chrysanthemum cultivar in Nagasaki Prefecture because it
is one of the labor-saving cultivars with no lateral shoot anddose not require a shading apparatus controlling the day
length for flowering. However, “Iwano-hakusen” has aproblem that malformed flowers can be seen significantly
among September-flowering type plants (fig. 1-A,B) due tohigh temperatures in September. This problem is serious
because those malformed flowers cannot be commercialized
and it directly affects the farmer’s business situation. Thus,
developing a new cultivar of summer-autumn
Chrysanthemum having minimum generation of malformed
flowers had been desired. Therefore, we tried to breed a
new cultivar having minimum generation of malformed
flowers by using heavy-ion beam irradiation. As a result, we
succeeded in breeding a new cultivar known as “Hakuryo”
in 2014.
We irradiated C-ion beams (LET: 23keV/µm) of 10 Gy
to “Iwano-hakusen” at RIKEN Nishina center in February
2011, and selected a new cultivar “Hakuryo”. We irradiatedC-ion beams to 1,440 scions, and obtained 3,702 derivatives
from the irradiated scions as a mother stock. Among the3,702 derivatives, 1,620 showed malformations such as
forked or fasciated stems. From the rest of the derivatives,
2,082 were planted and cultured under normal lightculturing. After that we selected well-formed flowers on thefirst selection.The second selection of well-formed flowers
in the next generation was performed in 2012. Then on thethird selection, “Hakuryo” was isolated. Large-scale
experimental production of “Hakuryo” was performed at
the agricultural center field and at the local field. We
applied for registration of the variety on the March 12, 2015
because the stability of characters was confirmed.
“Hakuryo” is a variety of Summer-Autumn Flowering
Chrysanthemum and has large white petals (White-group
NN115-C on the R.H.S. color chart) (Fig. 1-C, D). It does
not need a shading apparatus for flowering, and shippingfrom July to September is possible using long-day treatment
under light culture. Since its neck is short, the balance of
upper leaves arrangement is preferred in the market (Fig.
1-C). As compared to “Iwano-hakusen”, “Hakuryo”

A

B

C

D

Fig. 1 The normal flower of “Iwano-hakusen” (A) andmalformed flower (B). The upper side of “Hakuryo” (C)and in full bloom (D).

Incidence

100

80

60

40

20

Iwanohakusen

Agriculture and Forestry Technical Development Center, Nagasaki
Prefectural Government＊2
Shimabara Development Bureau＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊4
Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University＊1

Hakuryo2013

Iwanohakusen

Hakuryo2014

Fig.2 Incidence of Flower malformation in Septemberflowering type plants※１）Short diameter/long diameter= 9/10 to 1/1 is nomal， 4/5 to 9/10 is
malformaion （slight），and 7/10 to 4/5 malformaion（serious）- 24 -

II. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES I(Nuclear, Particle and Astro-Physics)

1. Nuclear Physics

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Decay properties of 68,69,70Mn†
G. Benzoni,∗1 A.I. Morales,∗1,∗2 H. Watanabe,∗3,∗4 L. Coraggio,∗5 A. Bracco,∗1,∗2 P. Doornenbal,∗3
G. Lorusso,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗3 H. Sakurai,∗3 P.A. Söderström,∗3 T. Sumikama,∗6 Z.Y. Xu,∗7
for the RIBF80 and the EURICA collaborations.
0�,2�

In recent years the evolution of magic numbers moving away from the valley of stability has been a hot
topic both from experimental and theoretical points ofview. In this context, one region in the chart of nuclides that is attracting particular attention lies around78
Ni: this is a key region to study the path toward the
N=50 shell closure and its implications on the astrophysical r-process. In particular, the study of the evolution of excited states for the Cr, Fe, Zn, Ge isotopes
provides a stringent test for shell model calculations
leading to N=50.
The experiment described here was performed at
RIKEN in May 2013, as part of the EURICA campaign
at the Radioactive-Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) facility . The nuclear species were produced by meansof in-flight fission of a 238 U beam at a bombarding energy of 345 MeV/nucleon. The experiment collected
data for an equivalent time of 3 days with an average primary beam intensity of 10 pnA. The resulting
fragments were transported and separated in the BigRIPS separator and Zero-Degree spectrometer down
to the final focal plane. They were implanted in the
5 silicon detectors of the WAS3ABi array1) which wassurrounded by the EURICA spectrometer2) coupled to
18 small volume LaBr3 (Ce) scintillator detectors, forfast-timing measurements3) . The yields for the mothernuclei, after implantation, were: 6700 68 Mn ions, 4300
69
Mn ions and 400 70 Mn ions.
The experimental data confirm the β-decay spectrum of 68 Mn reported previously in Ref.4) even if we
see different relative population of the transitions at
1250 keV and 1514 keV. In addition, γ-ray energies forthe decay of 69 Fe and 70 Fe are extracted for the firsttime. For the odd isotope, the limited statistics do notallow the extraction of γ − γ coincidences. Its decay
spectrum shows a substantial contribution from the
β-delayed neutron channel, which preferentially seems
to populate specific low-J states. By systematics andsupported by recent shell-model calculations, we assign the γ rays seen in the spectrum of 70 Fe to the+depopulation of the 2+
1 and 41 levels.
The proposed level schemes following the β decay of
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

68

Mn

352 ms

134 5.02

4�
283 5.0116

128 5.54
�296

1514865

0�,2�

2�
521

186 5.12

0�

68

70

3285

Fe

19.917 ms

Mn

Q Β 17.19 MeV2035I Β � log ft
�1386

375 5.13 4 

521

�68

0

�6810�

855

I Β � log ft

2�

483

1250

Q Β 14.59 MeV

0�

1338

483
0

70

Fe

Fig. 1. Partial level schemes following the β decays 68 Mn→ 68 Fe (left) and 70 Mn → 70 Fe (right).

even-mass isotopes are shown in Fig. 1. The comparison of the decay patterns of 68 Mn → 68 Fe and 70 Mn→ 70 Fe shows a sudden change: in the case of 70 Mn→ 70 Fe, the feeding seems to preferably go to the proposed 4+ state, while the 2+ state is mainly fed by internal decay coming from the higher-lying states. The
sudden change of the spin population in the daughter
nuclei indicates different spin of the ground state of
the mother nuclei.
The experimental results have been compared to ashell-model calculation performed with the CD-Bonn
NN potential in the Vlow−k approach5) extended to
68,70
Fe isotopes. It is found that the experimental
R4/2 ratio is properly reproduced by the calculations
only with the inclusion of the 1d5/2 neutron orbital in
the valence space. This is interpreted, as for Cr isotopes, in terms of the interplay between the quadrupole
correlations of the ν1d5/2 and ν0g9/2 orbitals and themonopole component of the π0f7/2 - ν0f5/2 interaction,
thus driving the deformation in the neutron-rich Cr-Fe
region. Since the maximum of quadrupole deformation
has not been reached yet, investigating heavier Fe isotopes is of foremost interest to assess the robustness of
the N=50 shell closure below 78 Ni.

Condensed from the article in PLB, Vol.751, 107 (2015)
INFN sezione di Milano, Milano
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano,
MilanoRIKEN Nishina Center, Riken
IRCNPC, School of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing
INFN sezione di Napoli, Napoli
Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo

References
1) S. Nishimura, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 (2012)
03C006.
2) P.A. Söderström, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317 (2013) 649.
3) Z. Patel et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014) 13.
4) S.N. Liddick et al., Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 014325.
5) L. Coraggio et al., Phys. Rev. C89 (2014) 024319.

- 25 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Excited states of 136−138Sb from β decay
J. Keatings,∗1 G. Simpson,∗2,∗1 A. Jungclaus,∗3 J. Taprogge,∗4 S. Nishimura,∗5 P. Doornenbal,∗5 G. Lorusso,∗5
P. -A. Söderström,∗5 T. Sumikama,∗5 J. Wu,∗5 Z. Y. Xu,∗5 T. Isobe,∗5 H. Sakurai,∗5 andthe EURICA RIBF-85 collaboration∗5
The properties of nuclei close to the doubly magicSn, with N ≥ 82, have some of the highest impact
on the final r-process abundances1,2) . Studies of thenuclear structure of the nuclei 135−139 Sb can therefore
provide important input into r-process calculations, especially as the exact site of this astrophysical reaction
is presently unclear. The nucleus 135 Sb is the mostneutron-rich one currently whose excited states havebeen studied via β decay3) .
The Sb nuclei have one valence proton with respect
to the Z = 50 shell closure hence their nuclear structure can provide a sensitive test of the neutron-protonpart of the effective interactions used in shell-model
calculations. The predicted structure of these nuclei
can vary considerably, depending on the effective interaction used. Recently it has been shown that weakerneutron pairing may be necessary to reproduce the features of the Sn nuclei beyond N = 824) . An interesting consequence of weak pairing is the appearanceof low-lying seniority-4 neutron states in 137 Sb which
has been predicted to cause a rapid compression andconsiderable mixing, of the low-lying excited states inthis nucleus5) . A consequence of this is that levels
with πs1/2 and πd3/2 components predicted at energies above 2 MeV in 135 Sb may be found at energies
below 500 keV in 137 Sb.
In order to investigate the structure of the nuclei
136−138
Sb in-flight fission of a 345-MeV/nucleon 238 U
beam was performed at RIBF. Ions including 135−139 Sn
were selected using the BigRIPS spectrometer and implanted in the WAS3ABI stopper, situated at the F11
focal plane. The high segmentation of the WAS3ABI
stopper allows detected β decays to be correlated withidentified and implanted ions. The EURICA Ge array
was used to detect any γ rays emitted following theβ decay of 135−139 Sn ions. Use of ion–β − γ and ion–β − γ − γ coincidences has allowed new level schemes
to be established for the nuclei 136−138 Sb.
When adding neutrons beyond the N = 82 shell closure the probability for β−n emission increases rapidly
to values of > 50 %. Therefore performing only an ion–β − γ coincidences is not sufficient to assign a detected
γ ray to a particular nucleus. Common transitions
emitted from parent isotopes with masses A and A + 1
can be assigned to a daugher nucleus with mass A.
Gates set on strongly produced transitions along with

200

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

150

100

173

Number of counts per keV

132

50

0
0

200

400

600
800
Energy (keV)

1000

1200

1400

Fig. 1. Spectrum of γ rays obtained from the β and β − ndecay of 137 Sn.

observed γ decays in grand-daugher nuclei in the same
event allow masses to be assigned too. This is thanks
to the high granularity and efficiency of the WAS3ABIand EURICA arrays.
An example of such analysis is shown in Fig. 1, whichshows a portion of the γ-rays detected following theβ and β − n decay of 137 Sn. The 173-keV transition
has previously been assigned to 136 Sb via isomer spectroscopy6) .
Analysis of the decays of the nuclei 136−138 Sn andhence first level schemes for the isotopes 136−138 Sb isnearing completion. Comparisons with the predictionsof shell-model calculations will also aid in assigningspins.
References
1) S. Brett et al: Eur. Phys. J. A 48, 184 (2012).
2) G. Lorusso et al: Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 192501 (2015).
3) J. Shergur et al: Phys. Rev. C 72, 024305 (2005).
4) G. S. Simpson et al: Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 132502(2014).
5) L. Coraggio et al: Phys. Rev. C 87, 034309 (2013).
6) M. Mineva et al: Eur. Phys. J. A 11, 9 (2001).

University of the West of Scotland
LPSC, Grenoble
IEM, CSIC Madrid
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
RIKEN Nishina Center- 26 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

TZ = −1 and TZ = −2 β-decay studies using 78 Kr fragmented beams
at BigRIPS, part I
B. Rubio,¤1 J. Agramunt,¤1 A. Algora,¤1 V. Guadilla,¤1 A. Montaner-Piza,¤1 A. I. Morales,¤1 S. E. A. Orrigo,¤1
J. Chiba,¤2 D. Nichimura,¤2 H. Oikawa,¤2 Y. Takei,¤2 S. Yagi,¤2 B. Blank,¤3 P. Ascher,¤3 M. Gerbaux,¤3
T. Goigoux,¤3 J. Giovinazzo,¤3 S. Gre¶vy,¤3 T. Kurtukian Nieto,¤3 C. Magron,¤3 P. Aguilera,¤4 F. Molina,¤4
D. S. Ahn,¤5 P. Doornenbal,¤5 N. Fukuda,¤5 N. Inabe,¤5 G. Kiss,¤5 T. Kubo,¤5 S. Kubono,¤5 S. Nishimura,¤5
Y. Shimizu,¤5 C. Sidong,¤5 P. A. SoÄderstroÄm,¤5 T. Sumikama,¤5 H. Suzuki,¤5 H. Takeda,¤5 P. Vi,¤5 J. Wu,¤5
Y. Fujita,¤6 M. Tanaka,¤6 W. Gelletly,¤1,¤7 F. Diel,¤8 D. Lubos,¤9 G. de Angelis,¤10 D. Napoli,¤10 C. Borcea,¤11
A. Boso,¤12 R. B. Cakirli,¤13 E. Ganioglu,¤13 G. de France,¤14 and S. Go¤15
The study of the beta decay of proton-rich nuclei isinteresting for a number of reasons; we can have access to states in the daughter nucleus populated byFermi (the Isobaric Analogue State, IAS) as well as
Gamow-Teller transitions and in some cases the IAS isfragmented (see for instance1) and2) ); it can also happen that the process goes via the exotic beta-delayed
gamma-proton decay, a phenomenon that is the resultof a combined effect of the forbidden proton decay of
the IAS and the fact that some of the states populated
after γ-decay are proton-unbound. Furthermore, spinisospin excitations can be studied by beta-decay andcharge exchange reactions in mirror nuclei, shedding
light on mirror symmetry, hence we can compare ourresults on the beta decay of proton-rich nuclei with theresults of charge exchange experiments when appropriate targets for the mirror nuclei are available3) .
Accordingly we have performed experiments at GSI
and GANIL to study TZ = −14) and TZ = −21) nuclei
respectively where it became clear that the study ofheavier, more exotic systems, demands beam intensities available only at the RIKEN Nishina Center.
The experiment was carried out using the fragmentation of a 345 MeV·A 78 Kr beam with unprecedented
intensity (up to 300 particle nA) on a Be target.
The fragments were separated in flight using the BigRIPS separator5) and implanted in three 1mm thick
WAS3ABi6) double-sided Si strip detectors (DSSSD)
with each of them having an active area of 60 ×
40 mm2 segmented into 60 vertical by 40 horizontal
strips. The implantation setup was surrounded by the
EUROBALL-RIKEN Cluster Array (EURICA)7) con-Fig. 1. Particle Identification Plot for isotopes at the first
BigRIPS setting, see text.

sisting of 12 HPGe CLUSTER-detectors of Euroballtype. Two different settings of BigRIPS were used inthis experiment, the first was optimised for the production of 58 Zn, 60 Ge, 62 Ge and 64 Se nuclei and overlapped with the experiment planned for the search of
new isotopes and two-proton emitters, see the contribution by B. Blank et al. to this volume, and thesecond for 66 Se. Putting conditions on the ToF and∆E signals of the ions we have produced the identification plot shown in Figure 1 for the first setting. The
Y-axis represents the Z of the implanted ion and the
X-axis the A/Q. Preliminary results of the analysis arepresented in the second contribution to this progress
report.
References
1) S.E.A. Orrigo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 222501(2014).
2) M. MacCormick and G. Audi, Nucl. Phys A 925, 1151
61 (2014).
3) Y.Fujita, B.Rubio and W.Gelletly, Prog. Part. Nucl.
Phys. 66, 549 (2011).
4) F. Molina et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 014301 (2015).
5) T. Kubo et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 03C003(2012).
6) S. Nishimura et al., RIKEN Accel. Progr. Rep. 46, 182(2013)
7) P.-A. Söderström et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 317 (2013) 649652∗1

IFIC, CSIC-Univ. Valencia
Tokyo Univ. Sci∗3 CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan∗4 CCHEN-Chile∗5 RIKEN Nishina Center∗6 Osaka University∗7 Surrey University∗8 Universität zu Köln∗9 Technische Universität München∗10 INFN-Legnaro∗11 IFIN-HH, Bucarest∗12 INFN-Padova∗13 Univ. Istanbul∗14 GANIL-France∗15 Univ. Tenesse∗2- 27 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

TZ = −1 and TZ = −2 β-decay studies using 78 Kr fragmented beams
at BigRIPS, part II
B. Rubio,¤1 J. Agramunt,¤1 A. Algora,¤1 V. Guadilla,¤1 A. Montaner-Piza,¤1 A. I. Morales,¤1 S. E. A. Orrigo,¤1
J. Chiba,¤2 D. Nishimura,¤2 H. Oikawa,¤2 Y. Takei,¤2 S. Yagi,¤2 B. Blank,¤3 P. Ascher,¤3 M. Gerbaux,¤3
T. Goigoux,¤3 J. Giovinazzo,¤3 S. Gre¶vy,¤3 T. Kurtukian Nieto,¤3 C. Magron,¤3 P. Aguilera,¤4 F. Molina,¤4
D. S. Ahn,¤5 P. Doornenbal,¤5 N. Fukuda,¤5 N. Inabe,¤5 G. Kiss,¤5 T. Kubo,¤5 S. Kubono,¤5 S. Nishimura,¤5
Y. Shimizu,¤5 C. Sidong,¤5 P. A. SoÄderstroÄm,¤5 T. Sumikama,¤5 H. Suzuki,¤5 H. Takeda,¤5 P. Vi,¤5 J. Wu,¤5
Y. Fujita,¤6 M. Tanaka,¤6 W. Gelletly,¤1,¤7 F. Diel,¤8 D. Lubos,¤9 G. de Angelis,¤10 D. Napoli,¤10 C. Borcea,¤11
A. Boso,¤12 R. B. Cakirli,¤13 E. Ganioglu,¤13 G. de France,¤14 and S. Go¤15
Spin-isospin excitations can be studied by betadecay and charge exchange reactions in mirror nuclei,
shedding light on mirror symmetry, hence we can compare our results on the beta decay of proton-rich nuclei with the results of charge exchange experiments
when appropriate targets for the mirror nuclei areavailable1) . Accordingly we have performed experiments at GSI and GANIL to study TZ = −12) and
TZ = −23,4) nuclei respectively where it became clearthat the study of heavier, more exotic systems, demands beam intensities available only at the RIKEN
Nishina Center. We have performed an experiment using the fragmentation of a 345 MeV·A 78 Kr beam withtypical intensity of 200 particle nA on a Be target. The
fragments were separated in flight using the BigRIPS
separator and implanted in three WAS3ABi doublesided Si strip detectors. The implantation setup was
surrounded by the EUROBALL-RIKEN Cluster Array(EURICA). The description of the experiment is explained in another contribution to this progress reportwith the same title called part I. In this contribution
the particle identification plot is also presented. Here
we present the preliminary analysis of the t1/2 valuesof 58 Zn and 66 Se with improved accuracy and a new
t1/2 value for 64 Se parent nuclei carried out using correlations between the selected ion (setting conditions
on the particle identification plot) and the characteristic γ rays of the daughter nuclei measured with the
EURICA array in prompt coincidence with β-signals inthe same DSSSD pixel. Preliminary results presented
in Figs 1 and 2 give an impression of the quality ofthe data. Further analysis is in progress.

Fig. 1. Time correlations between 58 Zn implanted ions in
WAS3ABi and the 203 keV γ rays detected in EURICA.The solid line represents the fit to the decay
curve.

Fig. 2. Time correlations between 64 Se (left) and 66 Se(right) ions implanted in WAS3ABi and 901 and 836
keV γ rays respectively detected in EURICA. The solidlines represents the fit to the decay curves.

∗1

IFIC, CSIC-Univ. Valencia
Tokyo Univ. Sci∗3 CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan∗4 CCHEN-Chile∗5 RIKEN Nishina Center∗6 Osaka University∗7 Surrey University∗8 Universität zu Köln∗9 Technische Universität München∗10 INFN-Legnaro∗11 IFIN-HH, Bucarest∗12 INFN-Padova∗13 Univ. Istanbul∗14 GANIL-France∗15 Univ. Tenesse∗2

References
1) Y.Fujita, B.Rubio and W.Gelletly, Prog. Part. Nucl.
Phys. 66, 549 (2011).
2) F. Molina et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 014301 (2015).
3) S.E.A. Orrigo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 222501(2014).
4) S.E.A. Orrigo et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 044336 (2016)- 28 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Isospin symmetry studies beyond the f7/2 shell: study of the beta
decay of 70,71 Kr
A. Algora,∗1 A. Morales,∗1 B. Rubio,∗1 J. Agramunt,∗1 V. Guadilla,∗1 A. Montaner-Piza,∗1 S. Orrigo,∗1
G. de Angelis,∗2 D. Napoli,∗2 F. Reccquia,∗3 S. Lenzi,∗3 A. Boso,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗4 G. Kiss,∗4 P. Vi,∗4 J. Wu,∗4
P.-A. Söderström,∗4 T. Sumikama,∗4 H. Suzuki,∗4 H. Takeda,∗4 D.S. Ahn,∗4 H. Baba,∗4 P. Doornebal,∗4
N. Fukuda,∗4 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4 T. Kubo,∗4 S. Kubono,∗4 Y. Shimizu,∗4 C. Sidong,∗4 B. Blank,∗5
P. Ascher,∗5 M. Gerbaux,∗5 T. Goigoux,∗5 J. Giovinazzo,∗5 S. Grévy,∗5 T. Kurtukian Nieto,∗5 C. Magron,∗5
W. Gelletly,∗6 Zs. Dombrádi,∗7 Y. Fujita,∗8 M. Tanaka,∗8 P. Aguilera,∗9 F. Molina,∗9 J. Eberth,∗10 F. Diel,∗10
D. Lubos,∗11 C. Borcea,∗12 A. Petrovici,∗12 E. Ganioglu,∗13 D. Nishimura,∗14 H. Oikawa,∗14 Y.Takei,∗14
S.Yagi,∗14 W. Korten,∗15 G. de France,∗16 and P. Davies∗17
cation plot of the fragments using this technique forthe 70 Kr setting. Several gamma transitions emitted
from states populated in the beta decay of 70,71 Kr havebeen observed for the ﬁrst time. Figure 2 shows thepreliminary analysis of the beta decay half-life of 70 Kr
based on coincidences with two of the newly identiﬁed
gamma transitions. The value obtained is in agreement with the results from Ref. 1. The determinationof beta decay half-lives in this region is of relevancefor a better understanding of the rp-process (Ref. 2).
The analysis of the experimental data on the 70,71 Kr
decays and the decay of the 71 Kr isomer decay is inprogress.

Nuclei in the vicinity of the N=Z line around Z=3638 have been the subject of numerous theoretical andexperimental investigations to answer questions about
deformation, shape coexistence, shape transitions, np
pairing and isospin symmetry. This region is characterized by drastic shape changes depending on the competition in energy between prolate and oblate shapes,
which is determined by the occupation of particularsingle particle orbits. This makes it the ideal playground for our investigations.
The main goal of this experiment was to study
isospin related features of the structure of 70,71 Kr. One
objective of the experiment is the investigation of theisomeric decay of 71 Kr, which could answer questions
related to isospin symmetry breaking eﬀects in the71
Br/71 Kr system. The second goal was the study ofthe beta decay of 70,71 Kr, which may provide information of relevance to our understanding of T=0 np
pairing in N=Z nuclei, shape coexistence, isospin symmetry, astrophysics and nuclear structure.
In this report we present some preliminary resultsfrom the experiment. A high intensity 78 Kr beam provided by the RIKEN Nishina Center Accelerator Complex impinging on a Be target was used to produce
the nuclides of interest in fragmentation. In the experiment the EURICA gamma-ray array surrounded
the implantation detector WAS3ABI into which thefragments of interest were implanted. The fragments
were identiﬁed using the BigRIPS separator employing
the ∆Z-ToF-Bρ method. Figure 1 shows an identiﬁ-

Z

70

Kr

A/Q

Fig. 1. Identification plot for the isotopes produced in 78 Kr
fragmentation for the 70 Kr setting.

∗1

IFIC, CSIC-Univ. Valencia
INFN-Legnaro∗3 INFN-Padova∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 CEN Bordeaux-Gradignan∗6 Surrey University∗7 MTA ATOMKI∗8 Osaka University∗9 CCHEN-Chile∗10 Universität zu Köln∗11 Technische Universität München∗12 IFIN-HH, Bucarest∗13 University of Istanbul∗14 Tokyo Uni. Sci.
∗15 CEA-France∗16 GANIL-France∗17 York University∗2

Fig. 2. Preliminary half-live for the beta decay of 70 Kr.

References
1) A.M. Rogers et al., Nuclear Data Sheets 120, 41 (2014).
2) R.K. Wallace and S.E. Woosley, Astro. J. Supp. Ser. 45,
389 (1981).

- 29 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Discovery of a µs isomer of 76 Co†
P.-A. Söderström,∗1 S. Nishimura,∗1 Z. Y. Xu,∗2 K. Sieja,∗3 V. Werner,∗4,∗5 P. Doornenbal,∗1 G. Lorusso,∗1
F. Browne,∗1,∗6 G. Gey,∗1,∗7,∗8 H. S. Jung,∗9 T. Sumikama,∗10 J. Taprogge,∗1,∗11,∗12 Zs. Vajta,∗1,∗13
H. Watanabe,∗1,∗14 J. Wu,∗1,∗15 H. Baba,∗1 Zs. Dombradi,∗13 S. Franchoo,∗16 T. Isobe,∗1 P. R. John,∗17,∗18
Y.-K. Kim,∗19 I. Kojouharov,∗20 N. Kurz,∗20 Y. K. Kwon,∗19 Z. Li,∗15 I. Matea,∗16 K. Matsui,∗2
G. Martnez-Pinedo,∗5 D. Mengoni,∗17,∗18 P. Morfouace,∗16 D. R. Napoli,∗21 M. Niikura,∗2 H. Nishibata,∗22
A. Odahara,∗22 K. Ogawa,∗1 N. Pietralla,∗5 E. Şahin,∗23 H. Sakurai,∗1,∗2 H. Schaffner,∗20 D. Sohler,∗13
I. G. Stefan,∗16 D. Suzuki,∗16 R. Taniuchi,∗2 A. Yagi,∗22 and K. Yoshinaga∗24
Changes in nuclear shell structure far from stability
are largely associated with the monopole component of
the proton-neutron interaction. Thus, there is a large
ongoing experimental effort aiming to investigate howthese shell and sub-shell closures evolve for very exotic
nuclei at and below 78 Ni. The study of single neutron
and proton particle and hole states outside 78 Ni is one
important way to gain information on this topic. In
a recent paper new experimental results on 76 Co, one
neutron-hole and one proton-hole in 78 Ni, were presented. Due to the purity of the excited states, this isa unique case to study the neutron-proton interaction
in a region with sparse experimental information.
The 76 Co nuclei were produced by in-flight fissionof a 345 MeV/u 238 U beam on a 3 mm beryllium target and then separated using the BigRIPS fragment
separator and the ZeroDegree spectrometer. At F11
the WAS3ABi1) silicon detector stack was used for implantation and β-decay correlation measurements andthe EURICA spectrometer was used for measuring theenergy and time of the γ rays. In total, approximately

Fig. 1. Proposed experimental level scheme of 76 Co compared to shell model calculations using a modified
LNPS interaction.

1000 76 Co ions were implanted in WAS3ABi during 10days of measurement.
In the experiment, two coincident γ rays of 192 and446 keV from the decay of a t1/2 = 3 µs isomeric stateof 76 Co were observed. The decay of the isomer was
assigned to an E1 transition with a reduced transition
probability of B(E1; 3+ → 2− ) = 1.79 × 10−8 W.u.
Shell model calculations carried out with an up-todate LNPS interaction2,3) including monopole changes
to assure the correct propagation of proton singleparticles energies showed the states to be about 70%−1−1−1
pure structures of πf7/2⊗ νg9/2or πf7/2⊗ νp−1
1/2 hole
configurations for negative and positive parity states,−1
respectively. Thus, the relative νg9/2
and νp−1
1/2 positions could be fine tuned by changing the strength−1of the πf7/2⊗ νp−1
1/2 monopole. The results of thesecalculations are shown in Fig. 1.
Furthermore, a β decaying 8− state was also observed in the data, consistent with the LNPS shellmodel calculations. These results will help constrain
further developments of theoretical models in the
πf7/2 ⊗ νg9/2 region between 60 Ca and 78 Ni, where
scarce experimental data are available.

†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C, Vol.92,
051305(R) (2015)∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗3 Université de Strasbourg, IPHC
∗4 Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University∗5 Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt∗6 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton∗7 LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗8 ILL∗9 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University∗10 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗11 Departamento de Fı́sica Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid∗12 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗13 Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences∗14 School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang
University∗15 School of Physics and State key Laboratory of Nuclear
Physics and Technology, Peking University∗16 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3∗17 INFN Sezione di Padova∗18 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova∗19 Institute for Basic Science, Rare Isotope Science Project∗20 GSI∗21 INFN, LNL∗22 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗23 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗24 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science

References
1) S. Nishimura et al. RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 182(2013)
2) K. Sieja and F. Nowacki Phys. Rev. C 85, 051301(2012).
3) S. M. Lenzi, F. Nowacki, A. Poves, and K. Sieja Phys.
Rev. C 82, 054301 (2010).

- 30 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Determination of Qβ for the Gamow-Teller decay of 100 Sn and 98 Cd
D. Lubos,∗1,∗2 J. Park,∗3,∗4 N. Warr,∗5 K. Moschner,∗5 M. Lewitowicz,∗6 R. Gernhäuser,∗1 R. Krücken,∗3,∗4
S. Nishimura,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗7 G. Lorusso,∗2 J. Wu,∗2 Z. Y. Xu,∗7,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 B. Blank,∗8 A. Blazhev,∗5
P. Boutachkov,∗9 F. Browne,∗10,∗2 I. Celikovic,∗6 P. Doornenbal,∗2 T. Faestermann,∗1 Y. Fang,∗11,∗2
G. de France,∗3 N. Goel,∗9 M. Gorska,∗9 S. Ilieva,∗12 T. Isobe,∗2 A. Jungclaus,∗13 G. D. Kim,∗14 Y.-K. Kim,∗14
I. Kojouharov,∗9 M. Kowalska,∗15 N. Kurz,∗9 Z. Li,∗16 I. Nishizuka,∗17,∗2 Z. Patel,∗18,∗2 M. M. Rajabali,∗19
S. Rice,∗18,∗2 H. Schaffner,∗9 L. Sinclair,∗20,∗2 P.-A. Söderström,∗2 K. Steiger,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗17
H. Watanabe,∗21 and Z. Wang∗3

counts per 160 keV

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

energy / keVχ2

The heaviest self-conjugate doubly magic nucleus
Sn is known to have the largest Gamow-Teller decay strength B(GT ) of all nuclei.1) A precise determination of B(GT ) is needed to test the robustnessof the N = Z = 50 shell closure suggested by shellmodel calculations. This implies the importance ofmeasuring the β-decay endpoint energy Qβ of 100 Sn
with better precision. An experiment to study thesuperallowed Gamow-Teller decay of 100 Sn was performed at the RIBF facility of RIKEN Nishina Centerin June 2013. 100 Sn and a large cocktail of neutrondeficient isotopes down to N = Z − 2 were producedby fragmenting a 345 MeV/u 124 Xe beam with intensities up to 36 pnA on a 4 mm 9 Be target. The nuclei of interest were separated and identified through
BigRIPS and the ZeroDegree spectrometer, before being implanted into one of the three double-sided silicon
strip detectors (DSSD) of WAS3ABi. The DSSDs werecomplemented by 10 single-sided silicon strip detectors in a closed-stack geometry for Qβ measurement
at maximum efficiency in the downstream direction.
WAS3ABi was surrounded by 84 HPGe and 18 LaBr3
detectors of the γ-ray spectrometer EURICA. Thus,
gating on the γ-ray transitions of the daughter nuclei results in a high purity of the β + energy spectrum. The accurate measurement of the total β + energy using WAS3ABi was hindered by processes suchas bremsstrahlung, annihilation-in-flight, and particle
escape. Hence, neither the measured endpoint nor
the experimental distribution of the measured ener100

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

energy / keV

Fig. 1. Complete energy deposit in the experiment (black)of decay products after the implantation of 98 Cd nuclei coincident with γ-rays at Eγ = 1176 ± 2 keV
and 30 simulated spectra (red) of positrons at Qβ =2737 keV. The arrow denotes the range of comparison.
A parabolic fit yields χ2min at Qβ = 2750 ± 36 keV.

gies could directly be used to determine the Qβ -value.
Therefore, Geant4 simulations of the WAS3ABi geometry and physics processes were used to study the detector response and determine the endpoint energy2) .
For each trial, Qβ was used as the input parameterand positrons were generated in the WAS3ABi geometry to form a simulated energy spectrum. Then, it wascompared to the experimental energy spectrum by a
χ2 -test. The experimental Qβ resulted in the minimum χ2min . The uncertainty of χ2 originating in thesimulations is obtained by performing 30 simulations
for each trial energy (see Fig. 1). In order to verify thismethod, the β-decay of 98 Cd into the 1691-keV statein 98 Ag3) was studied (see Fig. 1). The minimum χ2min
is obtained by Qβ = 2750 ± 36 keV, which agrees wellwith the literature value of 2717(40) keV4) . Analysis
for Qβ of 100 Sn is ongoing, and it will be finalized soon.

∗1

Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 TRIUMF∗4 University of British Columbia∗5 Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln∗6 GANIL∗7 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗8 CENBG∗9 GSI Darmstadt∗10 School of Comp., Eng. and Maths., Brighton University∗11 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗12 Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt∗13 IEM-CSIC∗14 Institute for Basic Science∗15 CERN∗16 School of Physics, Peking University∗17 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗18 Department of Physics, Surrey University∗19 Department of Physics, Tennessee Tech University∗20 Department of Physics, University of York
∗21 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗2

References
1) C. B. Hinke et al., Nature 486, 341 (2012).
2) N. Warr et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 93, 07008(2015).
3) B. Singh, Z. Hu, Nucl. Data Sheets 98, 335 (2003).
4) N. Wang et al., Chinese Physics C 36, 1603 (2012).

- 31 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Investigation of octupole correlations of neutron-rich Z ∼ 56 isotopesby β-γ spectroscopy
R. Yokoyama,∗1 E. Ideguchi,∗2 G. Simpson,∗3 Mn. Tanaka,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4
P.-A. Söderström,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4 Z. Y. Xu,∗5 J. Wu,∗4,∗6 T. Sumikama,∗7 N. Aoi,∗2 H. Baba,∗4 F. Bello,∗8
F. Browne,∗9,∗4 R. Daido,∗10 Y. Fang,∗10 N. Fukuda,∗4 G. Gey,∗3,∗4,∗11 S. Go,∗1,∗4 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4
D. Kameda,∗4 K. Kobayashi,∗12 M. Kobayashi,∗1 T. Komatsubara,∗13 T. Kubo,∗4 I. Kuti,∗14 Z. Li,∗6
M. Matsushita,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 C.-B. Moon,∗15 H. Nishibata,∗10 I. Nishizuka,∗7 A. Odahara,∗10 Z. Patel,∗16,∗4
S. Rice,∗16,∗4 E. Sahin,∗8 L. Sinclair,∗17,∗4 H. Suzuki,∗4 H. Takeda, ∗4 J. Taprogge,∗18,∗19 Zs. Vajta,∗14
H. Watanabe,∗20 and A. Yagi∗10
It has long been a question whether there exist nuclei with static octupole deformation. The interaction
between orbits with ∆J = ∆I = 3 is responsible foroctupole correlations and the nuclei with such orbits
close to the Fermi surface are expected to have large
octupole correlations. The Possible nucleon numbers
where this occurs are Z or N ∼ 34, 56, 88, and 134.
The neutron-rich Ba isotopes (Z = 56, N ∼ 88) are
expected to have large octupole correlations and aregood candidates for octupole deformation. The eveneven Ba isotopes have been studied from A = 140
to 148, and low-lying positive- and negative- parity
octupole bands connected with enhanced E1 transition rates have been discovered1) . Although the E1
rates should have a peak at N = 88, Ref.1) revealed
that 148 Ba92 has E1 rates as large as those of 144 Ba88 ,whereas 146 Ba90 has much smaller E1 rates. The theoretical calculations available so far provide diﬀerent
answers for octupole correlations in this region. For
example, the microscopic-macroscopic method2) predicts some β3 values, whereas Hartree-Fock calculation3) argues that there is no state with a dipole moment. Therefore, the experimental investigations ofmore neutron-rich Ba isotopes is required.
We performed β-γ spectroscopy on neutron-rich Z ∼56 isotopes at RIBF. The neutron-rich isotopes were
produced using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345MeV/nucleon

Fig. 1. Preliminary γ-ray energy spectra of the β decay
from 150 Cs to 150 Ba. The time window is 200 ms fromthe ion implantation.

238

U beam bombarding a 3-mm thick Be target. The
typical intensity of the primary 238 U beam was ∼ 6
pnA during the two days of measurement for the Ba
region. Fission fragments were identiﬁed by measuring the time-of-ﬂight and magnetic rigidity in the second stage of BigRIPS and by measuring the energy
loss by using the ion chamber at the ﬁnal focal plane,
F11. The secondary beam was implanted into an active stopper WAS3ABi4) , which consists of ﬁve layersof double-sided-silicon-strip detectors for ion-β correlation. The γ rays from the implanted nuclei were detected by using EURICA5) , an array of 12-cluster Ge
detectors in which each cluster consists of 7 crystals.
Figure 1 shows the γ-ray energy spectrum of β-decay
events after the implantation of 150 Cs. Candidates forpeaks are present at energies of 100 and 597 keV. The
peaks at 100 keV can be interpreted as the 2+ to 0+ γ
decays. The energies of the proposed 2+ level of 150 Ba
is lower than those in 148 Ba, indicating an increase inquadrupole deformation at 150 Ba. Test of the signiﬁcance of the 597-keV peak and examination whether it
can be a negative parity state with octupole collectivity are in progress.

∗1

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗3 LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗6 Department of Physics, Peking University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗9 School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton∗10 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗11 ILL, Grenoble∗12 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗13 Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗14 MTA Atomki, Hungarian Academy of Science, Hungary∗15 Department of Display Engineering, Hoseo University∗16 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗17 Department of Physics, University of York∗18 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗19 Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid∗20 Department of Physiscs, Beihang University∗2

References
1) W. Urban et. al.: Nucl. Phys. A 613, 107 (1997).
2) P. A. Butler et. al.: Nucl. Phys. A 533, 249 (1991).
3) W. Nazarewicz et. al.: Nucl. Phys. A 429, 269 (1984).
4) S. Nishimura et. al.: RIKEN APR 46, 182 (2013).
5) S. Nishimura: Nucl. Phys. News 22, No.3 (2012).

- 32 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of neutron-rich 142 Xe using β-decay spectroscopy
A. Yagi,∗1,∗2 H. Kanaoka,∗1,∗2 A. Odahara,∗1 R. Lozeva,∗3 C.-B. Moon,∗4 H. Nishibata,∗1,∗2 T. Shimoda,∗1
P. Lee,∗5 R. Daido,∗1,∗2 Y. Fang,∗1,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗2 P. Doornenbal,∗2 G. Lorusso,∗2 P.-A. Söderström,∗2
T. Sumikama,∗2 H. Watanabe,∗6 T. Isobe,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗7,∗2 F. Browne,∗8,∗2 Z. Patel,∗9,∗2
S. Rice,∗9,∗2 L. Sinclair,∗10,∗2 J. Wu,∗11,∗2 Z.Y. Xu,∗12 R. Yokoyama,∗13 T. Kubo,∗2 N. Inabe,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2
N. Fukuda,∗2 D. Kameda,∗2 H. Takeda,∗2 D.S. Ahn,∗2 D. Murai,∗14 F.L. Bello Garrote,∗15 J.M. Daugas,∗16
F. Didierjean,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗17 T. Ishigaki,∗1,∗2 H.S. Jung,∗18 T. Komatsubara,∗19 Y.K. Kwon,∗19
C.S. Lee,∗5 S. Morimoto,∗1,∗2 M. Niikura,∗7 I. Nishizuka,∗20 and K. Tshoo∗19
Counts/25ms

Study of neutron-rich 54 Xe isotopes with N >82 isvery important for understanding shape evolution fromspherical to prolate shapes for nuclei in the mass region beyond the doubly-magic 132 Sn nucleus. In particular, the N =88 nucleus of 142 Xe is expected to haveoctupole collectivity in low spin region, because the144
56 Ba nucleus (N =88) is well known for having thelarge octupole deformation1) . In this work, to reveal
various nuclear structures of 142 Xe, the low-spin statesin 142 Xe were investigated using β-decay spectroscopyof 142 I (Z=53).
Neutron-rich 142 I was produced by in-ﬂight ﬁssionof a 238 U beam at the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) in
RIKEN. Particle identiﬁcation for the ﬁssion fragments
was performed based on the TOF-Bρ-∆E method using the BigRIPS and the ZeroDegree spectrometer2) .
Nuclei were implanted in the 5 double-sided Si-strip
detectors (WAS3ABi3) ) at F11. Beta rays and γ rays
were measured using the WAS3ABi and the EURICA
array consisting of 12 Cluster-type Ge detectors3) , respectively. In order to measure the half-life of the excited states in the time range from a few hundred picoseconds to a few nanoseconds, a fast timing detector
system, which consists of 18 LaBr3 detectors for γ rays
and 2 plastic scintillators for β rays, was installed4) .
Figure 1 shows the decay curve obtained by the time
diﬀerence between the implantation of 142 I and the detection of β rays in WAS3ABi gated on the known 287keV γ rays (2+ → 0+ ) of 142 Xe5) . The half-life of theβ decay of 142 I was determined to be 229(3) ms, which

T1/2 = 229 (3) ms

103
102

0

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Time [ms]Fig. 1. Decay curve of the β decay gated on the 287-keV γ
ray in 142 Xe.

Department of Physics, Osaka University∗2 RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 IPHC/CNRS and University of Strasbourg∗4 Department of Display Engineering, Hoseo University∗5 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University∗6 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗7 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗8 CEM, University of Brighton∗9 Department of Physics, University of Surry∗10 Department of Physics, University of York∗11 Department of Physics, Peking University∗12 Hong Kong University∗13 CNS, University of Tokyo∗14 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗15 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗16 CEA/DAM∗17 RCNP, Osaka University∗18 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame
∗19 IBS∗20 Department of Physics, Tohoku University

300

400

971 keV403 keV∗1

103

287 keVcounts/keV

was more accurate than the value of 222(12) ms in
Ref. 6. Figure 2 shows the energy spectrum of γ-rays
emitted after the β decay of 142 I. Three known transitions in 142 Xe are clearly observed with energies of
287, 403, and 971 keV. The B(E2) value of 0.6(3) e2 b2
determined from the half-life of the 2+
1 state, which
was obtained as 0.22(9) ns by using the fast timing
system, is in good agreement with the one obtainedby Coulomb-excitation measurement of 0.7(1) e2 b2 inRef. 7. The deformation parameter β 2 was deduced
to be 0.16(3) using the B(E2) value in this work. This
indicates that the nucleus 142 Xe has a small prolate
shape. The decay scheme after the β decay of 142 I
was newly constructed in this work with 36 levels up
to an excitation energy of 3.2 MeV. Two levels in thisnew decay scheme were assigned as candidates of the(1− ) and (3− ) states which are members of the K=0−
octupole band, populated in high spin region by the
spontaneous ﬁssion of 248 Cm in Ref. 5. A detailed
analysis is in progress.

102
10

500

600 700 800
Energy [keV]

900 1000 1100

1200

Fig. 2. Energy spectrum of γ-rays emitted after the β decay of 142 I. Peaks with closed circles indicate newly observed γ rays in 142 Xe.

References
1) W. Phillips et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 3257 (1986).
2) N. Fukuda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
317, 323 (2013).
3) P.-A. Söderström et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 317, 649 (2013).
4) P.-A. Söderström et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 1, 013046(2014).
5) W. Urban et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 16, 303 (2003).
6) R. Kessler et al., GSI 2006-1, 154 (2006).
7) T. Kröll et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 150, 127 (2007).

- 33 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

New neutron-deficient isotopes from 78 Kr fragmentation
B. Blank,∗1 P. Ascher,∗1 M. Gerbaux,∗1 T. Goigoux,∗1 J. Giovinazzo,∗1 S. Grévy,∗1 T. Kurtukian Nieto,∗1
C. Magron,∗1 J. Agramunt,∗2 A. Algora,∗2 V. Guadilla,∗2 A. Montaner-Piza,∗2 A.I. Morales,∗2 S.E.A. Orrigo,∗2
B. Rubio,∗2 D.S. Ahn,∗3 P. Doornebal,∗3 N. Fukuda,∗3 N. Inabe,∗3 G. Kiss,∗3 T. Kubo,∗3 S. Kubono,∗3
S. Nishimura,∗3 H. Sakurai,∗3 Y. Shimizu,∗3 C. Sidong,∗3 P.A. Söderström,∗3 T. Sumikama,∗3 H. Suzuki,∗3
H. Takeda,∗3 P. Vi,∗3 J. Wu,∗3 Y. Fujita,∗4 M. Tanaka,∗4 W. Gelletly,∗5 P. Aguilera,∗6 F. Molina,∗6 F. Diel,∗7
D. Lubos,∗8 G. de Angelis,∗9 D. Napoli,∗9 C. Borcea,∗10 A. Boso,∗11 R.B. Cakirli,∗12 E. Ganioglu,∗12 J. Chiba,∗13
D. Nishimura,∗13 H. Oikawa,∗13 Y. Takei,∗13 S. Yagi,∗13 K. Wimmer,∗13 G. de France,∗14 and S. Go ∗15
Z

The most fundamental property of a nuclear species
is its stability or instability with respect to the strong
interaction, i.e. whether or not it is particle stable.
On the proton-rich side of the valley of stability, if
an isotope is sufficiently unbound, it may decay by
one- or two-proton emission, the first being the decay
mode for odd-Z (proton number) nuclei, whereas thesecond decay mode occurs for even-Z nuclei. Therefore,
reaching the limits of stability allows one not only totest mass models predicting these limits, but also tosearch for new and exotic decay modes.
Thus two-proton (2p) radioactivity with half-livesof the order of milli-seconds was first observed in theregion of iron-nickel-zinc with the known 2p emitters
45
Fe, 48 Ni, and 54 Zn1) . Just above this region, 59 Ge,
63
Se, and 67 Kr were predicted to be possible new 2p
emitters (see e.g.2) ).
In a recent experiment at the BigRIPS separator3) atthe RIKEN Nishina Center, we fragmented a primary78
Kr beam at 345 MeV/A with an intensity of up to
250 pnA on a beryllium target (thickness 4975 µm).
The BigRIPS separator was used to separate the isotopes of interest and to detect and identify them bymeans of the ∆E-ToF-Bρ method. After removal of
scattered and incomplete events by means of cuts withbeam-line detectors, clean identification spectra could
be produced and three new isotopes, 63 Se, 67 Kr, and68
Kr, were identified for the first time. In addition,
59
Ge was also observed, an isotope which was only very
recently identified in an experiment at MSU and unreported at the time of the present experiment4) .
Figure 1 shows the identification plot from thepresent experiment. The three new isotopes and 59 Ge
are indicated. The observed production rates exceed

37
67

36

68

Kr

Kr

35
63

34

Se

33
32

59

Ge

31
30
29
28
1.82

1.84

1.86

1.88

1.9

1.92

1.94

1.96

1.98

2
A/Q

Fig. 1. Identification plot for isotopes produced in a recent
BigRIPS experiment using 78 Kr fragmentation. New
isotopes and possible 2p emitters are indicated in the
figure.

rates at other facilities by at least two orders of magnitude. The present experiment thus allowed us todetermine the production cross sections for the nuclei
transmitted close to the central beam trajectory where
the uncertainties due to the momentum distributionof the fragments and the separator transmission areminimal. Figure 2 presents these cross sections andcompares them to predictions of EPAX3, an empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross sections5) .
Clearly, EPAX3 overestimates the experimental crosssections a lot.

Fig. 2. Comparison of experimentally determined production cross sections for 78 Kr fragments with EPAX3 predictions.

∗1

CENBG, U. Bordeaux-IN2P3, 33175 Gradignan, France
IFIC, CSIC-U. Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan∗4 Dep. of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan∗5 Dep. of Physics, U. Surrey, Guildford, UK∗6 CCHEN, Casilla 188-D, Santiago, Chile∗7 Inst. Nucl. Phys., U. Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany∗8 Phys. Dep. E12, TU Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany∗9 INFN, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy∗10 Inst. At. Phys., Bucharest-Margurele, Romania∗11 INFN & Dep. Phys., U. Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy∗12 Dep. Phys., Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey∗13 Dep. Phys., Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan∗14 GANIL, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen, France∗15 Dep. Phys. & Astro., U. Tennessee, Knoxville, USA∗2

The experimental data for the decay of these nuclei
are presently under analysis. In particular, the question of whether some of them decay by 2p radioactivity
is of prime interest.
References
1) B. Blank et al., Rev. Prog. Phys. 71, 046301 (2008).
2) B. A. Brown et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 045802 (2002).
3) N. Fukuda et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 317, 323 (2013).
4) A. A. Ciemny et al., Phys. Rev. C 92, 014622 (2015).
5) K. Sümmerer, Phys. Rev. C 86, 014601 (2012).

- 34 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Second campaign of the SEASTAR project
P. Doornenbal,∗1 A. Obertelli,∗1,∗2 T. Ando,∗1,∗3 T. Arici,∗4 G. Authelet,∗1,∗2 H. Baba,∗1 A. Blazhev,∗5
F. Browne,∗6 A.M. Bruce,∗6 D. Calvet,∗1,∗2 R.J. Carroll,∗7 F. Château,∗1,∗2 S. Chen∗1 L.X. Chung,∗8
∗1,∗2
∗1,∗2
¤1;¤2
¤1;¤2
¤5 ∗5
¤10∗10¤11∗11¤11∗11
A.A.
Corsi,
M.L.
Cortés,*9,*4=0
A. Delbart,
Dewald,Ding,
Flavigny,
Franchoo,Corsi,M.L.
Corte¶s, ¤9;¤4 A.∗ Delbart,
M. M.
Dewald,
B. B.
Ding,
F. F.
Flavigny,
S. S.
Franchoo,
∗1,∗2
∗1,∗2
∗1,∗2
∗4
∗11
∗12
J.-M. Gheller,
A. Giganon,
A. Gillibert,
M. Górska, A. Gottardo,
A. Jungclaus,
V. Lapoux,∗1,∗2 J. Lee,∗13 M. Lettmann,∗9 B.D. Linh,∗8 J. Liu,∗13 Z. Liu,∗10 C. Lizarazo,∗4,∗9
S. Momiyama,∗1,∗3 K. Moschner,∗5 T. Motobayashi,∗1 M. Nagamine,∗1,∗3 N. Nakatsuka,∗1,∗14 M. Niikura,∗1,∗3
C. Nita,∗15 C. Nobs,∗6 L. Olivier,∗11 Z. Patel,∗7 N. Paul,∗1,∗2 Zs. Podolyak,∗7 J.-Y. Roussé,∗1,∗2 M. Rudigier,∗7
T. Saito,∗1,∗3 H. Sakurai,∗1,∗3 C. Santamaria,∗1,∗2 C.M. Shand,∗7 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 I. Stefan,∗11
D. Steppenbeck,∗1 R. Taniuchi,∗1,∗3 T. Uesaka,∗1 V. Vaquero,∗12 V. Werner,∗9 K. Wimmer,∗1,∗3 Z. Xu,∗13 andthe SEASTAR Collaboration
92Se Spectrum with addback
Counts (10 keV/bin)

Within the second SEASTAR (Shell Evolution And
Search for Two-plus energies At the RIBF) campaign,
nuclei “North-East” of the doubly-magic nucleus 78 Ni
were studied during 9 days of beam time. The experiment was performed in May, 2015 using the DALI2
γ-ray spectrometer1) and the MINOS liquid hydrogentarget system2) . The set-up was employed at the F8
focus following the BigRIPS3) fragment separator andreaction products were identified with ZeroDegree3).
+
Specifically, in the second campaign 2+
1 and 41 ener82,84
86,88
88,90,92,94
96,98,100
gies ofZn,
Ge,Se,
Kr, 110 Zr,
112
and
Mo were measured with five different secondary
beam settings via knockout reactions.
To produce the secondary beams of interest, a 238 U
primary beam was accelerated to 345 MeV/nucleon
and impinged on a 3-mm thick Be target at the entrance of BigRIPS. The primary beam intensity was
about 30 particle-nA. In the five employed settings,
BigRIPS was tuned for beam cocktails focusing on
85
Ga, 89 As, 95 Br, 101 Rb, and 111 Nb ions to enable(p, 2p) and other reactions to populate the 2+
1 and4+
1 states. The particle identification was obtainedby the Bρ-∆E-TOF method, employing standard BigRIPS/ZeroDegree detectors. In front of the 100-mmlong MINOS target, beam energies were around 260–
270 MeV/nucleon, and total intensities in the order ofseveral kHz. At the end of ZeroDegree, the ions were
stopped in the center of the EURICA spectrometer4)
to search for new isomeric decays.
An example for the quality of the Doppler corrected

600

Experiment
Simulation
Background Fit
Sim. + Background

500

400
94

300

92

Br(p, 2pn) Se

200

100

0
200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600
1800
Energy (keV)

Fig. 1. Doppler-corrected spectrum of 92 Se following 1p1nknockout reactions from a 94 Br secondary beam. The
spectrum has been fitted with a double-exponential
background (blue dotted) and simulated response functions (green dashed).

spectra obtained from DALI2 after reconstructing thevertex position with MINOS is given in Fig. 1 for 92 Se
following 1p1n-knockout reactions. For this nucleus,
an isomeric state was previously observed5) . However,the E(2+1 ) could not be assigned. Conversely, the 539keV transition in the in-beam spectrum clearly possesses the highest intensity, and therefore must be the+2+
1 → 0gs transition. Several other transitions wereobserved and confirmed in the isomer spectrum of EURICA. In total, data were collected for about 6.5 days,
while secondary beam production and user tuning took
about 2.5 days for the five applied settings. All 2+
1 and4+energiesofinterestwereobserved.
Currently,
the1
data and many by-products are under analysis by several groups affiliated to the SEASTAR collaboration.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
CEA Saclay∗3 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗4 GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt∗5 Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne∗6 School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton∗7 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗8 INST Hanoi∗9 Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt∗10 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences∗11 IPN Orsay∗12 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗13 Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong
∗14 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗15 IFIN-HH∗2

References
1) S. Takeuchi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 763, 596 (2014).
2) A. Obertelli et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 8 (2014).
3) T. Kubo et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C003.
4) P.-A. Söderström et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 649(2013).
5) D. Kameda et al.: Phys. Rev. C 86, 054319 (2012).

- 35 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of 77 Cu
E. Sahin,∗1 V. Modamio,∗1 Z. Y. Xu,∗2 F. Bello,∗1 K. K. Hadyńska-Klȩk,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗3 S. Chen,∗3,∗4
A. Jungclaus,∗5 R. Taniuchi,∗6 and the NP1406-RIBF126 collaboration
The present experimental study on 77 Cu has been
carried out at RI Beam factory (RIBF) of the RIKEN
Nishina Center1) . It will complement our previous
study of 77 Cu via beta decay of 77 Ni at RIKEN within
the EURICA campaign. The low-lying states in 77 Cu
were identified as particle-core excitations through thecomparison to the large scale Monte Carlo Shell Model(MCSM) calculations2,3) . An almost unique way tocharacterize the states predicted as collective in thecalculations is to measure the transition probabilities,
i.e. B(E2) strengths. Hence the following Coulomb
excitation experiment was performed to study the collective properties of low-lying states in 77 Cu. The characterization of such states and in particular the mixing
of both collective and single-particle configurations will
provide significant information on the shell structure
close to 78 Ni. A Coulomb excitation measurement of
the states due to the proton-core excitations in the caseof 77 Cu nucleus will also provide an estimation of thecollectivity of the 2+ state in th even-even 76 Ni ”core”.
Exotic secondary beam particles were produced byinduced fission of the 238 U beam on a 3-mm thick9
Be target. The uranium beam was accelerated toan energy of 345 MeV/nucleon with an average beam
intensity of 20 pnA. Fission products were selected
and transported by the BigRIPS fragment separator.
Coulomb excitation of the fragments was performed
on a 900-mg/cm2 thick 197 Au target, mounted in frontof the Zero Degree Spectrometer. The DALI2 NaI array was used to detect de-excitation γ ray measured incoincidence with beam-like particles identified in the
Zero Degree Spectrometer (ZDS). Two different beamsettings of the BigRIPS fragment separator have been
employed during the beam time. In the first one thecentral trajectory was set at 73 Cu as a test case toperform the absolute cross-section measurement technique (See Ref.4) for details). In the second setting,the momentum distribution of the incoming fragments
were centered for 77 Cu. Figures 1 and 2 show the preliminary particle identification (PID) spectra for ZDS,
i.e. after the Coulomb excitation target at F8 position. Note that 72 Ni was observed in the first setting
which will allow us to obtain the transition strength of+
the 0+
1 to 21 transition and to fill the gap in the seniority parabola of the Ni chain from N=40 to N=46.
Data analysis in order to obtain doppler-corrected γ∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

ray spectra for the extraction of the Coulomb excitation cross sections is still ongoing.

Fig. 1. Setting 1: 73 Cu and 72 Ni are identified in the Z(atomic number) versus A/Q (mass-to-charge number)plot for ZDS.

Fig. 2. Setting 2: 77 Cu and 78 Zn are identified in the Z(atomic number) versus A/Q (mass-to-charge number)plot for ZDS.

References
1) T. Onishi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 073201 (2010).
2) Y. Tsunoda, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, M. Honma, andY. Utsuno, Phys. Rev. C 89, 031301(R) (2014).
3) Y. Tsunoda et al., private communication.
4) P. Doornenbal et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 061302(R)(2014).

University of Oslo, Department of Physics
University of Hong Kong
RIKEN Nishina Center
Peking University
Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
University of Tokyo- 36 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Coulomb excitation of 136 Te studied with the DALI2 spectrometer
V. Vaquero,¤1 A. Jungclaus,¤1 P. Doornenbal,¤2 E. Sahin,¤3 Z.Y. Xu,¤4 S. Chen,¤2;¤5 Y. Shiga,¤6
D. Steppenbeck,¤2 R. Taniuchi,¤2;¤7 and the NP1306-RIBF98R1 collaboration
MeV/u performed at RIKEN1) it became highly desirable to study in detail all systematic uncertainties
involved in such an analysis to set the standards forthe routinely use of this technique in the future.
The 136 Te ions were produced in the projectile fissionof a 345-MeV/u 238 U beam on a 4-mm 9 Be target. The
nuclei of interest were separated and identified during
their flight through BigRIPS and hit a secondary gold
target at the F8 focal plane in which the Coulomb excitation took place. The γ radiation emitted in the
decay of the excited states was detected in the DALI2
spectrometer in coincidence with 136 Te ions identified
in the ZeroDegree (ZD) spectrometer. Over the lastmonths work has been devoted to improve the particle
identification (PID) in both the BigRIPS and ZD spectrometer. Preliminary PID plots are shown in Fig.1
while a γ-ray spectrum measured in coincidence with
136
Te ions detected in both BigRIPS and ZD is shownin Fig. 2. From the latter figure it is evident that indeed high statistics was accumulated for the Coulomb
excitation of the first 2+ state in 136 Te which will allow
for a detailed study of the procedure employed to deduce B(E2) values in this type of experiment. Different
theoretical calculations2,3) predict a significant probability for the Coulomb excitation of a second 2+ state.
Therefore, a thorough search for additional lines in the
γ-ray spectra obtained in the present experiment will
be performed in the near future.

In April 2015 an experiment was performed at the
RIBF of the RIKEN Nishina Center to study the excitation and decay of a second excited 2+ state at an
excitation energy around 1.5-1.6 MeV in the nucleus
136
Te which is predicted by theoretical calculations to
be of mixed-symmetry character. The aim was to explore for the first time the potential of the Coulomb excitation technique at relativistic energies for the studyof mixed-symmetry states (MSS) in radioactive nuclei.
A second aspect of the experiment was to perform amodel analysis with exceptional high statistics for the+determination of the B(E2; 2+
1 →01 ) value from measured differential cross sections after Coulomb excitation at relativistic energies. Based on our recent experiences with the analysis of the first Coulex experiments with heavy beams at energies around 130-150

Z

136Te

BigRIPS
Z

52+

51+

enabfab0_13

50+

606 keV 21+

6000

counts/10 keV

5000

ZD

4000
3000
2000
1000

Aoq

450

500

550

600

E (keV)

650

700

750
Energy [keV]

Fig. 1. PID obtained for the BigRIPS and the ZD spectrometer. The ZD plot was obtained requiring the identification of 136 Te ions in BigRIPS. Note that the 136 Te
ions are observed in different charge states in ZD.

Fig. 2. Gamma-ray spectrum in coincidence with the 136 Te
ions detected in the ZD spectrometer.

∗1

References

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSICRIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Oslo
Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,
Peking University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo

1) P. Doornenbal et al.: Phys. Rev. C 90, 061302(R)(2014).
2) N. Shimizu et al.: Phys. Rev. C 70, 054313 (2004).
3) A.P. Severyukhin et al.: Phys. Rev. C 90, 011306(R)(2014).

- 37 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Experimental study of isoscalar and isovector dipole resonances inneutron-rich oxygen isotopes
N. Nakatsuka,∗1,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 N. Aoi,∗10 T. Aumann,∗3 R. Avigo,∗5,∗14 S. R. Banerjee,∗12 A. Bracco,∗5,∗14
C. Caesar,∗3 F. Camera,∗5,∗14 S. Ceruti,∗5,∗14 S. Chen,∗13,∗2 V. Derya,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗2 A. Giaz,∗5,∗14
A. Horvat,∗3 K. Ieki,∗11 N. Imai,∗7 T. Kawabata,∗1 K. Yoneda,∗2 N. Kobayashi,∗8 Y. Kondo,∗9 S. Koyama,∗8
M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗2 S. Masuoka,∗7 M. Matsushita,∗7 S. Michimasa,∗7 B. Millon,∗5 T. Motobayashi,∗2
T. Murakami,∗1 T. Nakamura,∗9 T. Ohnishi,∗2 H. J. Ong,∗10 S. Ota,∗7 H. Otsu,∗2 T. Ozaki,∗9 A. T. Saito,∗9
H. Sakurai,∗2,∗8 H. Scheit,∗3 F. Schindler,∗3 P. Schrock,∗3 Y. Shiga,∗11,∗2 M. Shikata,∗9 S. Shimoura,∗7
D. Steppenbeck,∗2 T. Sumikama,∗6 I. Syndikus,∗3 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 A. Tamii,∗10 R. Taniuchi,∗8
Y. Togano,∗9 J. Tscheuschner,∗3 J. Tsubota,∗9 H. Wang,∗2 O. Wieland,∗5 K. Wimmer,∗8 Y. Yamaguchi,∗7
and J. Zenihiro∗2
Giant resonance is one of the most important phenomena for understanding quantum many-body systems. Neutron-rich nuclei are predicted to have exotic
giant resonances owing to their smaller neutron separation energy and excess neutrons. One of the exotic giant resonances in neutron-rich nuclei is a electric dipole
resonance found at excitation energies lower than 10
MeV1) . The identiﬁcation of the isovector or isoscalar
resonances is of great interest to understand the natureof these resonances. In order to study the relationshipbetween the isovector and isoscalar dipole resonancesin neutron-rich oxygen isotopes, we performed an experiment at RIBF and measured the dipole resonancesof the neutron-rich nuclei 20 O, 22 O, and 24 O. Thesebeams were produced via projectile fragmentation of
a 345 MeV/nucleon 48 Ca beam on 9 Be targets withthicknesses of 2.8 g/cm2 , 2.8 g/cm2 , and 2.2 g/cm2 .
The γ rays from the excited beam particles were detected with large volume LaBr3 crystals from INFN
Milano2) in combination with DALI23) . Two diﬀerent targets, 5 g/cm2 natural gold target for coulomb
excitation and 300 mg/cm2 liquid helium target for
inelastic α particle scattering, were used to obtain theisovector and isoscaler dipole strengths, respectively.
A preliminary doppler-corrected γ-ray spectrum ofα(20 O,20 Oγ)α reaction is shown in Fig. 1, and thespectrum of nat Au(20 O,20 Oγ)nat Au reaction is shownin Fig. 2. A clear diﬀerence is observed between the
spectrum of the diﬀerent target. This suggests that thecomparison of the coulomb excitation and the inelastic α particle scattering is actually eﬀective to distin-

guish the isovector and isoscaler resonances. Further
analysis is in progress to search for the isovector andisoscalar nature of the excited states.

Fig. 1. Preliminary doppler-corrected γ-ray spectrum ofα(20 O,20 Oγ)α reaction∗1

Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗4 Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln∗5 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Milan∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo∗8 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗9 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗10 Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗11 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗12 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, The Indian Department
of Atomic Energy∗13 School of Physics, Peking University∗14 University of Milan∗2

Fig. 2. Preliminary doppler-corrected γ-ray spectrum ofnat
Au(20 O,20 Oγ)nat Au reaction

References
1) V. Derya et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 366, 012012 (2012).
2) A. Giaz et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sec.
A 729, 910 (2013).
3) S. Takeuchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.,
Sec. A 763, 596 (2014).

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Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of the pygmy dipole resonance of 132 Sn and 128 Sn in inelastic
α-scattering
J. Tscheuschner,∗1,∗2 T. Aumann,∗1 D. S. Ahn,∗2 R. Avigo,∗3,∗4 H. Baba,∗2 K. Boretzky,∗5 A. Bracco,∗3,∗4
C. Caesar,∗5 A. Camera,∗3,∗4 S. Chen,∗2,∗6 V. Derya,∗7 P. Doornenbal,∗2 J. Endres,∗7 N. Fukuda,∗2 U. Garg,∗8
A. Giaz,∗3,∗4 M. N. Harakeh,∗9 M. Heil,∗5 A. Horvat,∗1 K. Ieki,∗10 N. Imai,∗11 N. Inabe,∗2
N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki,∗9 N. Kobayashi,∗11 Y. Kondo,∗12 S. Koyama,∗11 T. Kubo,∗2 I. Martel,∗13
M. Matsushita,∗14 B. Million,∗15 T. Motobayashi,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗12 N. Nakatsuka,∗2,∗16 M. Nishimura,∗2
S. Nishimura,∗2 S. Ota,∗14 H. Otsu,∗2 T. Ozaki,∗12 M. Petri,∗1 R. Reifarth,∗17 D. Rossi,∗1 A. T. Saito,∗12
H. Sakurai,∗2,∗11 D. Savran,∗5 H. Scheit,∗1 F. Schindler,∗1 P. Schrock,∗1 D. Semmler,∗1 Y. Shiga,∗2,∗10
M. Shikata,∗12 Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Simon,∗5 D. Steppenbeck,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2 T. Sumikama,∗18 D. Symochko,∗1
I. Syndikus,∗1 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 R. Taniuchi,∗11 Y. Togano,∗12 J. Tsubota,∗12 H. Wang,∗2
O. Wieland,∗3 K. Yoneda,∗2 J. Zenihiro,∗2 and A. Zilges∗7
CountsIn neutron-rich nuclei, the pygmy dipole resonancecan be visualized as a vibration of excess neutrons
against an isospin symmetric core in the nucleus, whichcorresponds to a dipole mode. Ongoing to the natureof the resonance, the phenomenon should be a functionof the neutron-skin thickness and neutron excess. As
the experimental data for this dipole mode are rare,even for stable nuclei1) , interesting open questions remain. One of them is the isospin character of the lowlying dipole strength. In an experiment with stable124
Sn2) , it has been realized that a large fraction of
the pygmy strength is of isoscalar character. However,significant differences in the strength distribution withphoto-excitation have been observed.
In November 2014, an experiment to investigate theisoscalar character of the pygmy dipole resonancein 128 Sn and 132 Sn was performed with inelastic αscattering at RIKEN. The isotopes were produced witha high-intensity primary 238 U beam at 345 MeV/u impinging on a beryllium target. The secondary beamof approximately 200 MeV/u was directed towards
the liquid helium target, with a thickness of approximately 300 mg/cm2 . At the target position, theemitted γ-rays were measured by 8 large-volume 3.5”
× 8”LaBr3 :Ce crystals from the HECTOR-array at
INFN Milano3) and 95 large-volume NaI DALI24) crystals.
The particle identification involved a combination of

104

10

3

102

10

1
0

500

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Eγ

Fig. 1. Doppler-corrected γ-energy spectra measured using
crystals from the HECTOR-array, gated on incoming
and outgoing 132 Sn ions. The 2+ state at 4 MeV canbe identified.

energy loss, magnetic rigidity, and time-of-flight measurements using the BigRIPS and the ZeroDegree spectrometer5) . The registered hits in the γ-array are selected within a time window to suppress noise stemming from particle hits and the background. As a result, the preliminary energy plot for the γ-rays measured with the crystals from the HECTOR-array, emitted by the excited 132 Sn ions, is shown in Fig. 1. The
peak at about 4 MeV corresponds to the 2+ state,
which is the lowest excited state in the isotope..
With further investigation of the γ-energy spectra, thestrength of the (isoscalar) pygmy dipole resonances
can be determined. In addition, the obtained information will allow the isovector and isoscalar parts ofthe pygmy dipole resonance to be separated in dataof experiments already performed at GSI Darmstadt
with the R3 B setup.

∗1

Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 INFN sezione di Milano∗4 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli studi di Milano∗5 GSI Helmholtzzentrum Darmstadt∗6 School of Physics, Peking University∗7 Institute für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln∗8 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame
∗9 KVI-CART Groningen∗10 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗11 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗12 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technoloy∗13 Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Huelva∗14 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗15 VECC India∗16 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗17 Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt∗18 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗2

References
1) D. Savran et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 70, 210 (2013).
2) J. Endres et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 212503 (2010).
3) A. Giaz et al., NIM A729, 910 (2013).
4) S. Takeuchi et al., NIM A 763, 596 (2014).
5) T. Kubo et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C003 (2012).

- 39 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

E1 strength
strength aroundaround threshold
E1
thresholdin
in7070Ni
Ni††
R. Avigo,*1,*2 O. Wieland,*1 A. Bracco,*1,*2 F. Camera,*1,*2 H. Baba,*3 N. Nakatsuka,*4 P. Doornenbal,*3 Y. Togano,*5
J. Tscheuschner,*6 T. Aumann,*6 G. Benzoni,*1 N. Blasi,*1 K. Boretzky,*7 S. Brambilla,*1 S. Ceruti,*1,*2 S. Chen,*8
F.C.L. Crespi,*1,*2 N. Fukuda,*3 A. Giaz,*1,*2 K. Ieki,*9 N. Kobayashi,*10 Y. Kondo,*5 S. Koyama,*10 T. Kubo,*3 S. Leoni,*1,*2
M. Matsushita,*11 B. Million,*1 A.I. Morales,*1,*2 T. Motobayashi,*3 T. Nakamura,*5 M. Nishimura,*3 S. Nishimura,*3 H. Otsu,*3
T. Ozaki,*5 L. Pellegri,*1,*2 A. Saito,*5 H. Sakurai,*3 H. Scheit,*6 P. Schrock,*6 Y. Shiga,*3 M. Shikata,*5 D. Steppenbeck,*3
T. Sumikama,*12 S. Takeuchi,*3 R. Taniuchi,*10 J. Tsubota,*5 H. Wang*3 and K. Yoneda*3
The electric dipole response of atomic nuclei is presently
attracting increasing attention from the nuclear physics
research community. In particular, the E1 strength in neutronrich nuclei, located at around one particle separation energy(6-12 MeV energy range) is the object of a large effort1,2) (andreferences therein). In this energy region structures andaccumulations of the E1 strength were measured in a varietyof nuclei along along the entire valley of stability, but very
scarce data for exotic nuclei are available. These structures
are commonly called pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) as they
lie at energies below the giant dipole resonance (GDR) andhave lesser strength. They are at the center of the scientificdebate as the strength is connected to the neutron skin
thickness3)., the symmetry energy term of the nuclear
equation of state and has important astrophysicalimplications in explosive nucleosynthesis scenarios.
In order to understand better the characteristics of thisPDR strength it is important to study an isotopic chain of a
nucleus with increasing neutron number. As the pygmy
dipole strength distribution in 68Ni around the threshold has
recently been observed,1,2,3) a high-intensity and highresolution experiment was performed on 70Ni at RIKENRadioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF).
A 238U primary beam was accelerated up to an energy of
345 AMeV and made to impinge on a thick rotating Be
production target. In BigRIPS4) the B-E- B method wasapplied to select a secondary beam of 70Ni (30 kcps with 40%
purity at a beam energy of 260 AMeV). The 70Ni isotope wasincident on a 2 g/cm2 gold secondary target. Reaction
products from the secondary target were identified using the
ZeroDegree Spectrometer in the large acceptance mode,
while the scattering angles were determined using parallel
plate avalanche counters.
†

Experiment NP1306 -RIBF51R1, November 2014

*1

INFN sezione di Milano*2

University of Milano*3

RIKEN Nishina Center*4

Kyoto University*5

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology*6

TU Darmstadt*7

GSI Darmstadt*8

Peking University*9

Rikkyo University*10

University of Tokyo*11

CNS, University of Tokyo*12

Tohoku University

In order to detect gamma rays from the decay of different
nuclear levels, the reaction target was surrounded by a
combination of eight large-volume 3.5’’ x 8’’ LaBr3:Ce
detectors (providing high efficiency and resolution5))
mounted at 30° in the forward direction and of the DALI2
array6) (consisting of 96 NaI(TI) crystals) at mid andbackward angles.

Fig. 1. 2+0+gs E2 transition in 70Ni. In the inset, high-energy
 ray spectra are shown till 8 MeV. The shaded area is thecontribution from the thick gold target, deduced from themeasured spectra at backward angles and the projectile
GDR–tail calculated with a statistical model.
Figure 1 shows the first outcome of the experiment, whichis the observation of the first 2+ state of 70Ni. It is planned
that the 2+0+gs B(E2) transition strength will be determined.
In the inset an important unresolved E1 contribution between
5 and 8 MeV is observed. The E1 character is deduced fromangular distribution measurements. This issue will be underinvestigation in near future. In order to determine the E1
strength distribution in 70Ni an absolute efficiency
measurement of the detectors at NewSUBARU is planned in2016. The analysis of the relation between the strength andthe neutron skin in 70Ni together with the data of themeasured 68Ni will make an important contribution to theunderstanding of the features of the pygmy strength.
References

1) O. Wieland et al. PRL 102, 092502 (2009).
2) D. Rossi et al. PRL 111, 242503 (2013).
3) A. Carbone et al. Phys. Rev. C 81, 041301(R) (2010).
4) T. Kubo et al. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C003 (2012).
5) A. Giaz et al. NIM A729, 910 (2013).
6) S. Takeuchi et al. NIM A763, 596 (2014).

- 40 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 55 Sc
D. Steppenbeck,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗2 N. Aoi,∗1,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗4 H. Wang,∗1 H. Baba,∗1
S. Go,∗5 J. Lee,∗1,∗6 K. Matsui,∗7 S. Michimasa,∗4 T. Motobayashi,∗1 D. Nishimura,∗1,∗8 H. Sakurai,∗1,∗7
Y. Shiga,∗1,∗9 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 R. Taniuchi,∗1,∗7 J. J. Valiente-Dobón,∗10 and K. Yoneda∗1
The study of the evolution of shell structure has
played an important role in the fields of experimental and theoretical nuclear physics over recent decades.
On the experimental front, significant advances havebeen made owing to progress in the production rates
of exotic nuclei at radioactive isotope beam facilities
worldwide. A few noteworthy examples of shell evolution include the onset of the neutron magic number
N = 16 in exotic oxygen1,2) , and the weakening of
the traditional magic number N = 28 approaching theneutron drip line3) . Moreover, in the pf shell, the onsetof a new subshell closure at N = 32 has been reported
along the Ca4,5) , Ti6,7) , and Cr8,9) isotopic chains owing to the migration of the νf5/2 orbital as protons are
removed from the πf7/2 state10) . More recently, therobustness of the N = 32 subshell closure below theZ = 20 core, namely, in K11) and Ar12) isotopes, hasbeen highlighted. An additional subshell closure waspredicted13) to occur at N = 34 in Ti and Ca isotopes;
however, the experimental data provided no evidence
for this shell gap in 56 Ti7,14) . Later work on the spectroscopy of 54 Ca did, however, indicate the presenceof a sizable subshell closure at N = 34 from the energy of the first 2+ level15) . The present work on 55 Sc
aims at the study of the significance of the N = 34
gap along the Z = 21 isotopic chain, and the evolutionof this neutron magic number as protons are added tothe πf7/2 orbital.
The experiment was performed using 70 Zn30+ ionswith the BigRIPS separator to provide a fast radioactive beam—optimized for the transmission of 55 Sc—
that was focused on a 10-mm-thick 9 Be reaction target at the eighth focal plane of the spectrometer. The
beam constituents were identified on an event-by-event
basis using particle magnetic rigidities (Bρ), times offlight (T ), and energy losses in an ionization chamber (∆E)16) . The target at F8 was surrounded by
the DALI2 γ-ray detector array to measure transitions
from nuclear excited states populated by the reactions;
ions emerging from the target position were identified
by the ZeroDegree spectrometer using the same general (Bρ–T –∆E) techniques as for BigRIPS.

103

Be(55Sc, 55Sc+γ )XCounts / 25 keV

9

102

RlBF
preliminary
10

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Transition energy (keV)

Fig. 1. (colour) Doppler-corrected γ-ray energy spectrum
deduced from the inelastic scattering of 55 Sc on a 9 Be
target. The black dashed line is a double exponential
fit to the background and the blue dashed lines are theresults of GEANT4 simulations; the solid red line is thetotal (sum) fit. Results are preliminary.

The γ-ray energy spectrum deduced from theBe(55 Sc, 55 Sc+γ)X inelastic scattering reaction ispresented in Fig. 1. This work was previously reported,amongst other results, in Ref.17) . No results on excitedstates in 55 Sc were available prior to the present experiment. From the spectrum in Fig. 1, we report newtransitions in 55 Sc at energies of 0.71(1) and 1.54(2)MeV. Additional results on the low-lying structure of55
Sc will be reported elsewhere.
9

References
1) R. Kanungo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 152501 (2009).
2) C. R. Hoffman et al., Phys. Lett. B 672, 17 (2009).
3) B. Bastin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 022503 (2007).
4) A. Gade et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 021302(R) (2006).
5) F. Wienholtz et al., Nature 498, 346 (2013).
6) R. V. F. Janssens et al., Phys. Lett. B 546, 55 (2002).
7) D.-C. Dinca et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 041302(R) (2005).
8) J. I. Prisciandaro et al., Phys. Lett. B 510, 17 (2001).
9) A. Bürger et al., Phys. Lett. B 622, 29 (2005).
10) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 232502 (2005).
11) M. Rosenbusch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 202501(2015).
12) D. Steppenbeck et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 252501(2015).
13) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082502 (2001).
14) S. N. Liddick et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072502 (2004).
15) D. Steppenbeck et al., Nature 502, 207 (2013).
16) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
17) D. Steppenbeck et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 020019 (2015).

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Dept of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗3 RCNP, Osaka University∗4 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗5 Dept of Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee∗6 Dept of Physics, University of Hong Kong
∗7 Dept of Physics, University of Tokyo∗8 Dept of Physics, Tokyo University of Science∗9 Dept of Physics, Rikkyo University∗10 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro∗2- 41 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Spectroscopy of unbound oxygen isotopes II
Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗2 N. L. Achouri,∗3 L. Atar,∗4 T. Aumann,∗4 H. Baba,∗2 K. Boretzky,∗5,∗2
C. Caesar,∗5,∗2 D. Calvet,∗6,∗2 H. Chae,∗7 N. Chiga,∗2 A. Corsi,∗6,∗2 H. L. Crawford,∗8 F. Delaunay,∗3
A. Delbart,∗6,∗2 Q. Deshayes,∗3 Zs. Dombrádi,∗9,∗2 C. Douma,∗10 Z. Elekes,∗9,∗2 P. Fallon,∗8 H. Al. Falou,∗11
I. Gašparić,∗12,∗2 J. -M. Gheller,∗6,∗2 J. Gibelin,∗3 A. Gillibert,∗6,∗2 M. N. Harakeh,∗10 A. Hirayama,∗1,∗2
C. R. Hoﬀman,∗13 M. Holl,∗4,∗2 A. Horvat,∗4 A. Horváth,∗14 J. W. Hwang,∗7 T. Isobe,∗2 J. Kahlbow,∗4,∗2
N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki,∗10 S. Kawase,∗15 S. Kim,∗7 K. Kisamori,∗2 T. Kobayashi,∗16,∗2 D. Körper,∗5,∗2
S. Koyama,∗17,∗2 I. Kuti,∗9,∗2 V. Lapoux,∗6,∗2 S. Lindberg,∗18,∗2 F. M. Marqués,∗3 S. Masuoka,∗19 J. Mayer,∗20,∗2
K. Miki,∗21,∗2 T. Murakami,∗22,∗2 M. A. Najaﬁ,∗10 K. Nakano,∗15,∗2 N. Nakatsuka,∗22,∗2 T. Nilsson,∗18
A. Obertelli,∗6,∗2 F. de Oliveira Santos,∗23 N. A. Orr,∗3 H. Otsu,∗2 T. Ozaki,∗1,∗2 V. Panin,∗2 S. Paschalis,∗4
A. Revel,∗23 D. Rossi,∗4 A. T. Saito,∗1,∗2 T. Saito,∗17,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 Y. Satou,∗24 H. Scheit,∗4
F. Schindler,∗4 P. Schrock,∗19 M. Shikata,∗1,∗2 Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Simon,∗5,∗2 D. Sohler,∗9,∗2 O. Sorlin,∗23
L. Stuhl,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗1,∗2 M. Tanaka,∗25,∗2 M. Thoennessen,∗21 H. Törnqvist,∗4,∗2 Y. Togano,∗1,∗2
T. Tomai,∗1,∗2 J. Tscheuschner,∗4 J. Tsubota,∗1,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗2 H. Wang,∗2 Z. Yang,∗2 and K. Yoneda∗2
a 48 Ca primary beam at 345 MeV/nucleon on a 15mm thick beryllium target, and they were puriﬁed by
BigRIPS. In addition to a 15-mm thick aluminum degrader at the ﬁrst momentum dispersive focal plane(F1) of BigRIPS, a 7-mm thick aluminum degrader
was installed at the second dispersive focal plane F5
to reduce the large amounts of light-ion background in
the secondary beam. Plastic scintillators with a thickness of 3 mm were installed at the focal planes F3, F5,
and F7 for particle identiﬁcation.
A 15-cm length MINOS4) target cell ﬁlled with liquid hydrogen was installed 4.4 m upstream from thecenter of the SAMURAI magnet, surrounded by the
MINOS TPC and the DALI2 γ-ray detector array.5)
The incident beam was detected by two 1-mm thickplastic scintillators (SBTs) and two drift chambers(BDC1 and BDC2) placed before the MINOS target. The outgoing charged particle and neutrons wereseparated by the SAMURAI dipole magnet with a
2.9 Tesla ﬁeld at the center. Standard drift chambers(FDC1 and FDC2) and a plastic scintillator hodoscope(HODF24) were used for the detection of charged fragments. HODF24 was expanded from the existing hodoscope (HODF) by adding eight new paddles, to cover
the whole eﬀective area of FDC2. For neutron detection, NeuLAND6) (new Large Area Neutron Detector
for R3B at FAIR) was combined with NEBULA to increase the eﬃciency for multiple neutron detection.
Data analysis is now in progress.

The NP1312-SAMURAI21 experiment, entitled“Spectroscopy of unbound oxygen isotopes II”, wascarried out in November-December 2015, aiming at
identifying resonance states of the extremely neutronrich oxygen isotopes 27 O and 28 O, following theNP1106-SAMURAI02 experiment for 25 O and 26 O1)
in 2012. The motivation for this series of experiments
is exploring the shell evolution towards the possibly
doubly magic nucleus 28 O (Z=8 and N =20), which isessential to understand the mechanism of the suddenchange of the neutron drip line from oxygen to ﬂuorine (Z=9), called “oxygen anomaly.”2) The invariant
mass method is applied to reconstruct the decay energies of 27 O and 28 O, produced by two- and one-proton
removal reactions from 29 Ne and 29 F, respectively.
The experiment was performed using the SAMURAI
facility3) at RIBF. The secondary beams of 29 Ne and29
F were produced by the projectile fragmentation of∗1

Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 LPC-Caen∗4 Technical University Darmstadt∗5 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt∗6 CEA Saclay∗7 Seoul National University∗8 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory∗9 ATOMKI∗10 KVI-CART∗11 Lebanese-French University of Technology and Applied Science∗12 Ruer Bošković Institute, Zagreb∗13 Argonne National Laboratory∗14 Eötvös Loránd University∗15 Kyushu University∗16 Tohoku University∗17 University of Tokyo∗18 Chalmers University of Technology∗19 Center for Nuclear Studies (CNS), University of Tokyo∗20 University of Cologne, Köln∗21 NSCL, Michigan State University∗22 Kyoto University∗23 GANIL∗24 Institure for Basic Science∗25 Osaka University∗2

References
1) Y. Kondo et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 6 (2013).
2) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 032501 (2010).
3) T. Kobayashi et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Methods inPhys. Res. Sect. B317, 294 (2013).
4) A. Obertelli et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 8 (2014).
5) S. Takeuchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Methods in Phys.
Res. Sect. A763, 596 (2014).
6) NeuLAND Technical Design Report, http://www.faircenter.de/fileadmin/fair/experiments/NUSTAR/Pdf/TDRs/NeuLAND-TDR-Web.pdf- 42 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

First commissioning results for SπRIT-TPC
M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 G. Jhang,∗3 J. Barney,∗2 J. Estee,∗2 M. Kaneko,∗4 Y. Zhang,∗6∗2 J. W. Lee,∗3
P. Lasko,∗5 G. Cerizza,∗2 C. Santamaria,∗2 K. Pelczar,∗5 Y. Kim,∗7 H. Lee,∗7 J. Lukasik,∗5 P. Pawlowski,∗5
D. Suzuki,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 T. Murakami,∗4 W.G. Lynch,∗2 M.B. Tsang,∗2 and for SπRIT-TPC collaboration
tral collision events.
The reaction vertex was extrapolated from tracks
event by event and the Z-vertex of 84% events wasfound around the target within 5mm in sigma for highmultiplicity events. The event ratio originating fromthe target depended on the trigger conditions.
The first commissioning of SπRIT-TPC was successfully performed outside of the SAMURAI magnet. The
high multiplicity track events were reconstructed andthe reaction vertex was found around the target. The
gating-grid driver worked with the fast trigger provided by three trigger arrays. Modification of readout
electronics and optimization of trigger system is underinvestigation for coming physics run.

The aim of the SAMURAI Pion-Reconstruction and
Ion-Tracker Time-Projection Chamber (SπRIT-TPC)
1)
project is to constrain the symmetry energy term in
the nuclear-matter equation of state (EOS) at supersaturation density. It is proposed to compare π + /π −production ratio among various isospin asymmetry environments combining different unstable Sn beams andstable Sn targets in SAMURAI.
The first commissioning run using 79 Se beam was
performed outside of the SAMURAI magnet in fall2015. The performance of SπRIT-TPC and trigger
systems were evaluated. Results revealed necessary
modifications for upcoming physics campaign.
For the commissioning, the SπRIT-TPC was placed
about 7 m away from the center of the SAMURAI
magnet and lined up on 60 deg with the 79 Se secondary
beam. Two targets of 0.5 mm natural Sn foil and 9 mmaluminum plate were mounted on a ladder in front of
the TPC field cage window.
The overall readout system3) was prepared and three
types of trigger arrays composed by plastic countersread by MPPCs were installed for opening a gating grid
driver. (1) KATANA (KrAkow Trigger Array with amplitude discrimiNAtion) was placed at the exit window
to reject the non reacting beam. (2) The Multiplicity
Trigger Array4) was placed on the both sides of TPC toselect high multiplicity events. (3) The active collimators was mounted in front of the target to reject beams
hitting the target frame. The reaction trigger was provided by a start counter signal, no hit on the active
collimator, low energy deposit in KATANA, and multiple hits on Multiplicity Trigger Array. The trigger
condition was controlled through a trigger logic board.
The analysis framework, SπRITROOT5) , has beendeveloped for SπRIT-TPC experiment. Using thiscode, a typical high multiplicity 3D event display isshown in Fig.1. The straight tracks were reconstructedeven in dense track regions just after the target.
The total number of reconstructed tracks per event
was plotted for two different multiplicity selections
with KATANA and Multiplicity Trigger Array in
Fig.2. Higher multiplicity requirement resulted inhigher multiplicity track events corresponding to cen∗1
∗3
∗2

∗4
∗6
∗5
∗7

Fig. 1. A typical high multiplicity track event producedwith 79 Se on Sn (nat.) target. The target was located
8.9 mm upstream from the field cage window.

Fig. 2. The total multiplicity in the TPC gated on the multiplicity in the ancillary detectors KATANA and Multiplicity Trigger Array

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Korea Universtiy
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics,Tsinghua University
Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN
Institute for Basic Science, Korea

References
1) R. Shane at al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 784 (2015) 513.
2) M.B. Tsang et al; Phys. Rev. Lett. bf 102 (2009) 122701.
3) T. Isobe et al,; in this report.
4) M. Kaneko et al,; in this report.
5) G. Jhang et al,; in this report.

- 43 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study on neutron-neutron correlation in Borromean nuclei
via the (p, pn) reaction with the SAMURAI spectrometer
Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 A. Corsi,∗3 G. Authelet,∗3 H. Baba,∗2 C. Caesar,∗4 D. Calvet,∗3 A. Delbart,∗3 M. Dozono,∗1
J. Feng,∗5 F. Flavigny,∗6 J.-M. Gheller,∗3 J. Gibelin,∗7 A. Giganon,∗3 A. Gillibert,∗3 K. Hasegawa,∗8 T. Isobe,∗2
Y. Kanaya,∗9 S. Kawakami,∗9 D. Kim,∗10 Y. Kiyokawa,∗1 M. Kobayashi,∗1 N. Kobayashi,∗11 T. Kobayashi,∗8
Y. Kondo,∗12 Z. Korkulu,∗13 S. Koyama,∗11 V. Lapoux,∗3 Y. Maeda,∗9 F. M. Marqués,∗7 T. Motobayashi,∗2
T. Miyazaki,∗11 T. Nakamura,∗12 N. Nakatsuka,∗14,∗2 Y. Nishio,∗15 A. Obertelli,∗3 A. Ohkura,∗15 N. A. Orr,∗7
S. Ota,∗1 H. Otsu,∗2 T. Ozaki,∗12 V. Panin,∗2 S. Paschalis,∗4 E. C. Pollacco,∗3 S. Reichert,∗16 J.-Y. Roussé,∗3
A. T. Saito,∗12 S. Sakaguchi,∗15 M. Sako,∗2 C. Santamaria,∗3 M. Sasano,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 M. Shikata,∗12
Y. Shimizu,∗2 Y. Shindo,∗15 L. Stuhl,∗2 T. Sumikama,∗8 M. Tabata,∗15 Y. Togano,∗12 J. Tsubota,∗12
T. Uesaka,∗2 Z. H. Yang,∗2 J. Yasuda,∗15 K. Yoneda,∗2 and J. Zenihiro∗2
Table 1. Estimated resolution of momentum vectors deduced from the detector responses and angular straggling. The unit is MeV/c.

Dineutron correlation is one of the speciﬁc phenomena expected to appear in neutron drip-line nuclei.
It has been explored through indirect studies such as
the determination of the E1 cluster sum rule via the
Coulomb breakup reaction.1) In order to directly determine the momentum distribution of two valence neutrons of the Borromean nuclei 11 Li, 14 Be, and 17,19 B, akinematically complete measurement was performed at
the RIKEN RIBF for the quasi-free (p, pn) reaction onthese nuclei.2) The opening angle between the two neutrons was reconstructed from the measured momentum
vectors of all the particles.
The experiment was carried out by using the SAMURAI spectrometer3) combined with the liquid hydrogentarget system MINOS.4) The beam momentum was determined from the time-of-ﬂight (TOF) between focal
planes F7 and F13. The trajectory was measured using the beam drift chambers (BDCs). The momentum vectors of a decay neutron, a knocked-out neutron, and a recoil proton were determined from the
TOF and position respectively measured by the NEBULA, the WINDS, and a recoil proton detector (RPD).
The position and the angle of a heavy fragment at theentrance and the exit of the SAMURAI spectrometer
were measured by the forward drift chambers (FDCs).
The rigidity was determined so as to reproduce theset of the tracking information by using the calculated
magnetic ﬁeld.
The resolution of each momentum vector, estimatedfrom the detector responses and angular straggling

Particle
Beam 11 Li
Recoil p
Knocked-out n
Decay nFragment 9 Li
Total

Detector
BigRIPS+BDC
RPD
WINDS
NEBULA
FDC

σP x
0.08
12
15
0.2
0.1
20

σP y
0.08
10
16
0.2
0.1
19

σP z
8
12
15
5
12
25

around the target, is summarized in Table 1. The momentum resolution of the recoil proton was dominatedby the angular straggling, while that of the knockedout neutron was limited by the time resolution of the
WINDS. The required resolution of about 20 MeV/c
was achieved.
Figures 1 (a), (b), (c), and (d) show the diﬀerence ofthe sum of the four-vectors of all the particles between
the initial and the ﬁnal states projected onto the x-,y-, and z-direction and the energy, respectively. Owing to the momentum and energy conservation law, ineach spectrum the peak should be centered at zero;
this is a test of the consistency of both the reconstruction and measurement. The widths of the spectra areconsistently explained by the estimated resolution.
Data analysis is currently in progress.
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-150 -100 -50

(a)

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-150 -100 -50

σ = 20.8

0

(c)

∗1

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 CEA, Saclay∗4 Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗5 Department of Physics, Peking University∗6 IPN Orsay∗7 LPC Caen
∗8 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗9 Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki∗10 Department of Physics, Ehwa Womans University∗11 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗12 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗13 MTA Atomki∗14 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗15 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗16 Department of Physics, Technische Universität München∗2

50 100 150
dPx [MeV/c]
σ = 25.3

050 100 150
dPz [MeV/c]

(b)

1000
800
600
400
200
0
-150 -100 -50

0

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-150 -100 -50

50 100 150
dPy [MeV/c]

0

50 100 150
dE [MeV]σ = 18.9(d)Fig. 1. Spectra showing the consistency of the reconstruction in the (a) x-, (b) y-, and (c) z-direction, and (d)the energy via the veriﬁcation of the momentum andenergy conservation.

References
1) T. Nakamura et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 252502 (2006).
2) Y. Kubota et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 52 (2015).
3) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 294 (2013).
4) A. Obertelli et al.: Eur. Phys. Jour. A50, 8 (2014).

- 44 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of Gamow-Teller transition from 132 Sn via the (p, n) reaction
in inverse kinematics
J. Yasuda,∗1,∗2 M. Sasano,∗1 R.G.T. Zegers,∗3 H. Baba,∗1 D. Bazin,∗3 W. Chao ,∗1 M. Dozono,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1
N. Inabe,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 G. Jhang,∗1,∗4 D. Kameda,∗1 M. Kaneko, ∗5 S. Kawase,∗6 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗6
M. Kobayashi,∗6 N. Kobayashi, ∗7 T. Kobayashi,∗1,∗8 S. Koyama,∗1,∗7 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗9 A. Krasznahorkay,∗10
T. Kubo,∗1 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗6 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 C.S. Lee,∗1,∗6 J.W. Lee, ∗4 Y. Matsuda, ∗11
E. Milman,∗1,∗12 S. Michimasa,∗6 T. Motobayashi,∗1 D. Mucher, ∗1,∗13 T. Murakami, ∗5 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗9
N. Nakatsuka, ∗1,∗5 S. Ota,∗6 H. Otsu,∗1 V. Panin, ∗1 W. Powell, ∗1 S. Reichert, ∗1,∗13 S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2
H. Sakai,∗1 M. Sako, ∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 M. Shikata,∗1,∗9 S. Shimoura,∗6 L. Stuhl,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1,∗8
H. Suzuki,∗1 S. Tangwancharoen, ∗1 M. Takaki,∗6 H. Takeda,∗1 T. Tako,∗8 Y. Togano,∗1,∗9 H. Tokieda,∗6
J. Tsubota,∗1,∗9 T. Uesaka,∗1 T. Wakasa,∗2 K. Yako,∗6 K. Yoneda,∗1 and J. Zenihiro∗1cited states in 132 Sb. Clear kinematic loci are also visible in Figs. 1(b), 1(c), and 1(d) and shifted to higher
excitation energies including the GTGR according to
the decay threshold. It means that the γ, 1n, 2n, and3n decay channels are successfully measured. The data
analysis for obtaining GT distribution is in progress.

We performed measurements on the 132 Sn(p, n) reaction at 220 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics at
RIBF in order to extract Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from the key doubly magic nucleus 132 Sn. Thisis an essential step toward establishing comprehensive
theoretical models for nuclei situated between 78 Ni and208
Pb.
The experiment was carried out by using theWide-angle Inverse-kinematics Neutron Detectors for
SHARAQ (WINDS)1) and the large acceptance
SAMURAI spectrometer2) . A secondary beam of132
Sn was transported onto a 10-mm thick liquid hydrogen target3) , which was surrounded by WINDS todetect recoil neutrons. From the measured neutron
time-of-ﬂight and recoil angle, the excitation energy
and center-of-mass scattering angle were determined.
The SAMURAI spectrometer was used for tagging(p, n) reaction events with particle identiﬁcation of theoutgoing heavy residues. Owing to the large momentum acceptance of SAMURAI, we can measure all theheavy residues with diﬀerent rigidities in one setting.
It allows us to reconstruct the excitation energy spectrum up to high excitation energies including the GT
giant resonance (GTGR).
Figure 1 shows scatter plots of neutron energy (En )versus laboratory scattering angle (θlab ) for neutrons
detected in WINDS, for events associated with the132
Sn beam component. Scatter plots are shown separately for diﬀerent heavy residues detected in the spectrometer. In Fig. 1(a), one can see a clear kinematical correlation between En and θlab , corresponding totransitions going to the ground state or low-lying ex-

132

Sn(p, n)132 Sb∗ 220 MeV/nucleon

132

131

Sb in spectrometer

Sb in spectrometer
40

Neutron Energy En (MeV)

10

(b)

(a)

8

20

0 Ex

10◦

8◦

θcm 6◦

6

4◦

4

2◦

2

0
0

20

130
10

40

60

80

100

0

(c)

8

20

129

Sb in spectrometer

40

60

80

100

Sb in spectrometer

(d)

6

4

2

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

Scattering angle θlab (deg)Fig. 1. Neutron spectra as a function of neutron energy(En ) and scattering angle in the laboratory frame (θlab )for the 132 Sn beam component and for events associatedwith the heavy residues in the spectrometer: (a) 132 Sb,(b) 131 Sb, (c) 130 Sb, and (d) 129 Sb.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗3 NSCL Michigan State University∗4 Department of Physics, Korea University∗5 Kyoto University∗6 CNS, University of Tokyo∗7 University of Tokyo∗8 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗9 Tokyo Institute of Technology∗10 MTA, Atomki∗11 Konan University∗12 Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University∗13 Technical University Munich∗2

References
1) K. Yako et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45 137 (2012).
2) T. Kobayashi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).
3) M. Kurata-Nishimura et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep
45, 122 (2012).

- 45 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Progress report of Gamow–Teller giant resonance studies at RIBF
M. Sasano,∗1 J. Yasuda,∗2 L. Stuhl,∗1 R.G.T. Zegers,∗3 H. Baba,∗1 W. Chao,∗1 M. Dozono,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1
N. Inabe,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 G. Jhang,∗1,13 D. Kamaeda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 E. Milman,∗1
T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 V. Panin, ∗1 W. Powell, ∗1 M. Sako, ∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1
T. Suwat, ∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 K. Yoneda,∗1 J. Zenihiro,∗1 T. Kobayashi,∗4 T. Sumikama,∗4 T. Tako,∗4
T. Nakamura,∗5 Y. Kondo,∗5 Y. Togano,∗5 M. Shikata,∗5 J. Tsubota,∗5 K. Yako,∗6 S. Shimoura,∗6 S. Ota,∗6
S. Kawase,∗6 Y. Kubota,∗6 M. Takaki,∗6 S. Michimasa,∗6 K. Kisamori,∗6 C.S. Lee,∗6 H. Tokieda,∗6
M. Kobayashi,∗6 S. Koyama,∗7 N. Kobayashi, ∗7 H. Sakai,∗1 T. Wakasa,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗2 A. Krasznahorkay,∗8
T. Murakami, ∗9 N. Nakatsuka, ∗9 M. Kaneko, ∗9 Y. Matsuda, ∗10 D. Mucher, ∗11 S. Reichert, ∗11 D. Bazin,∗3
and J.W. Lee∗12
spectrometer such as SAMURAI8) . In the progress
report last year, we, through a data analysis of the132
Sn(p, n) experiment, showed that the SAMURAI
spectrometer provided suﬃcient particle identiﬁcation
capability and enabled us to separate CE reaction
channels from other background reactions. Further
background reduction is possible through the upgradeof WINDS. The primary goal of the upgrade plan is toeliminate background due to gamma rays arising fromthe enviroment through the so-called neutron-gamma
discrimination method. Such gamma rays are considered to not be synchronized with the reaction timing,
therefore having a ﬂat distribution in time. The contribution of such gamma rays is enhanced in a region of
foward scattering angles in the center-of-mass system,
because a wide TOF range having background events
uniformly distributed in time is compressed to a narrow phase space in that region. The method is being
tested using a prototype low-energy neutron detector
made from novel plastic scintillator material for theapplication of the neutron-gamma method. Details of
the test are given also in Ref.9) .

Among the collective modes1) , the Gamow–Teller(GT) giant resonance is an interesting excitation mode.
It is a 0h̄ω excitation characterized by the quantumnumber changes in orbital angular momentum (∆L =0), spin (∆S = 1), and isospin (∆T = 1), and it isinduced by the transition operator στ . In the stable
nuclei in medium or heavier mass regions (A > 50),
the collectivity in this mode exhibits the GT giant
resonance (GTGR), which provides information thatis critically important for understanding the isovector
part of the eﬀective nucleon-nucleon interaction2) andthe symmetry potential of the equation of the state3) .
We have been rapidly expanding the nuclear chartof GTGR studies at RIBF, since the development of
a new method to study GT transitions on unstable
nuclei via the charge-exchange (CE) (p, n) reaction
with RI beams4,5) . An experiment at RIBF was performed in Spring 2014 to extract the GT and spindipole (SD) transition strengths over a wide excitation energy range covering their giant resonances on
the key doubly magic nucleus 132 Sn6) . This is an essential step toward establishing comprehensive theoretical models for nuclei situated between 78 Ni and208
Pb. The neutron-drip line in the light mass region is another topic in the GTGR study, for which
the ﬁrst experiment was performed on 12 Be by using
the SHARAQ spectrometer7) . In 2015, another experimental program including an exotic nucleus 11 Li(spokesperson: L. Stuhl) was newly approved in the
NP-PAC meeting.
From an experimental point of view, we employ a
low-energy neutron detection system, WINDS, to detect recoil neutrons produced via the (p, n) reaction
in inverse kinematics, in combination with a magnetic

References
1) M. N. Harakeh and A. M. van der Woude: Giant Resonances (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001).
2) S. Fracasso and G. Colo: Phys. Rev. C 72, 064310(2005).
3) P. Danielewicz: Nucl. Phys. A 727, 233 (2003).
4) M. Sasano et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 202501 (2011).
5) M. Sasano et al.: Phys. Rev. C 86, 034324 (2012).
6) J. Yasuda et al.: in this report.
7) K. Yako et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45 (2012).
8) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 317, 294-304(2013).
9) L. Stuhl et al.: in this report.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics,Kyushu University∗3 NSCL Michigan State University∗4 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗5 Tokyo Institute of Technology∗6 CNS, University of Tokyo∗7 University of Tokyo∗8 MTA, Atomki∗9 Kyoto University∗10 Konan University∗11 Technical University Munich∗12 Department of Physics, Korea University∗2- 46 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Interaction cross section measurement of neutron-rich nuclei 17,19 B
A. T. Saito,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2 Y. Togano,∗1,∗2 J. Gibelin,∗3 N. A. Orr,∗3 R. Minakata,∗1,∗2
S. Ogoshi,∗1,∗2 and SAMURAI DayOne Collaborationhigh to identify the charged particle unambiguously.
The interaction cross sections are then obtained by thetransmission method. Further analysis to obtain theﬁnal interaction cross sections for 17,19 B is in progress.

We report the interaction cross section measurements of 2n-halo nuclei 17 B and 19 B on a carbon target at 270 and 220 MeV/nucleon, respectively, using the SAMURAI spectrometer at RIBF. The neutron halo is one of the most notable features found inlight nuclei located in the vicinity of the neutron drip
line. The drip-line nucleus 19 B has attracted much attention because of its low two-neutron separation energy (S2n =0.14(39) MeV1) ) and the high matter radius (r̃m =3.11(11) fm) determined from the interaction cross section (σI =1219(81) mb) at an incident energy of approximately 800 MeV/nucleon2) . These results suggest the neutron halo structure in the groundstate of 19 B, and its microscopic structure is not wellunderstood owing to the large uncertainties of measured S2n and σI . Further experimental studies arethus called for to clarify the detailed nuclear structure, such as the valence neutron conﬁguration, core
excitation, possible 4n halo/skin2) , and He-Li cluster
conﬁguration.3) The goal of the present measurement
is to obtain the interaction cross section of 19 B with
an improved accuracy together with that of 17 B at approximately 250 MeV/nucleon.
The details of the detector setup of SAMURAI
are described in Ref. 4). A cocktail beam of 17,19 B
was produced via the fragmentation reaction of a48
Ca beam on a 30-mm-thick beryllium target at
345 MeV/nucleon. The 17,19 B beams impinged on acarbon secondary reaction target ( thickness1.8 g/cm2) installed at the SAMURAI target area. The particle
identiﬁcation (PID) before the carbon target was performed using BigRIPS with the TOF-∆E-Bρ method.
Figure 1 shows a PID plot of incoming beams reconstructed by TOF measured using plastic scintillators,
Bρ obtained from the horizontal position at F5, and∆E measured using an ionization chamber (ICB) at
F13. The beam proﬁle on the target was obtained using two drift chambers (BDC1 and BDC2). The PID
plot of the outgoing charged particles from the 19 B + C
reaction, obtained using SAMURAI, is shown in Fig. 2,
where the incident 19 B beam is selected. TOF and∆E were obtained using the plastic scintillator hodoscope (HODF). The Bρ value was reconstructedfrom the positions and angles measured by two drift
chambers (FDC1 and FDC2). The resolution of massto-atomic-number ratio (A/Z) and atomic number (Z)for the outgoing 19 B are 0.04 and 0.19 (FWHM), respectively. The achieved resolutions are suﬃciently
∗1
∗2
∗3

9
8

103

7
Z

6

20

19

C

5

17

19

B

C

102

B

4

10

3
2
2.8

3

3.2

3.4
A/Z

3.6

3.8

4

1

Fig. 1. Particle identification for the beam particles extracted from the data obtained using the standard BigRIPS detectors.

9
8
102

7
6

15

Z

B

5

17

B

19

B
10

4
3
2
2.6 2.8

13

3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8
A/Z

4

4.2

Fig. 2. Particle identification for the outgoing charged particles after the carbon target extracted from the dataobtained using the SAMURAI detectors after selecting
19
B from Fig. 1.

References
1) L. Gaudefroy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 202503 (2012).
2) T. Suzuki et al., Nucl. Phys. A 658 313 (1999).
3) Y. Kanada-Enyo et al., Phys. Rev. C 52, 647 (1995).
4) T. Kobayashi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294 (2013).

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3- 47 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Time-of-Flight mass measurements of neutron-rich Ca isotopes
beyond N = 34
M. Kobayashi,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 Y. Kiyokawa,∗1 H. Baba,∗2 G.P.A. Berg,∗3 M. Dozono,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗2
T. Furuno,∗4 E. Ideguchi,∗5 N. Inabe,∗2 T. Kawabata,∗4 S. Kawase,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 K. Kobayashi,∗6
T. Kubo,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 M. Matsushita,∗1 H. Miya,∗1 A. Mizukami,∗7 H. Nagakura,∗6
D. Nishimura,∗7 H. Oikawa,∗7 S. Ota,∗1 H. Sakai,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗1 A. Stolz,∗8 H. Suzuki,∗2 M. Takaki,∗1
H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 H. Tokieda,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 K. Yako,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗6 Y. Yanagisawa,∗2
R. Yokoyama,∗1 and K. Yoshida∗2achieved for Z ∼ 20 nuclei. The total yield of 55 Ca,
which is one of the target nuclei, is several thousands.
It is expected that the mass of 55 Ca can be deducedwith the precision of ∼3 × 10−6 .

The nuclear mass is one of the fundamental quantities used in investigating nuclear structure properties
such as shell closures and new magic numbers. The
neutron numbers of 32 and 34 have been theoreticallysuggested to be candidates of new magic numbers in
the Ca isotopes1) . Recently, the prominent shell closure at N = 32 was established by measurements ofthe massses of 53 Ca and 54 Ca2) . Moreover, the exci54
tation energy of the 2+
Ca was reported3) ,1 state inand the result suggests the existence of an N = 34 shellclosure in 54 Ca. For establishment of the closed-shellnature of 54 Ca, mass measurements of the Ca isotopes
beyond N = 34 are essential. The present work aims
at studying the nuclear shell evolution at N = 32 and34 by direct mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclei
in the vicinity of 54 Ca.
We performed the nuclear mass measurement at the
RIKEN RI Beam Factory using the SHARAQ spectrometer. The masses were measured directly by the
TOF-Bρ technique. The experimental setup is presented in detail by Kobayashi et al.4) .
Here, current status of the data analysis is described.
We analyzed the data taken by diamond detectors,
which were employed for timing measurement. Time
resolution was estimated to be 12 ps (σ), which is amuch better value than that in the previous measurement using 12 N beams at 320 AMeV5) . This improvement of the time resolution can be interpreted in termsof the energy deposit in the diamond detector, whichwas ∼60–100 MeV (∼10 MeV) in the present (previous) experiment.
The mass to charge ratio (A/Q) was reconstructedby the Bρ value from the beam tracking with up to
fourth-order aberrations, and calibrated by using thereference nuclei such as 53–54 Ca, 49,51–52 K, 46–47 Ar,
43–46
Cl, 41–42 S, 39–42 P, and 38 Si. Figure 1 shows an
A/Q spectrum for one of the reference isotopes, 54 Ca.
The relative mass resolution of ∼1/8000 (σ) has been
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Fig. 1. A/Q spectrum for a reference nucleus, 54 Ca.

At present, energy loss in a PPAC, which was used
for the Bρ measurement, has not been considered in
the mass calibration. It will be included in the ﬁtting to reduce the residuals of the calibration. Further
analysis is in progress.
References
1) T. Otsuka et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082502 (2001).
2) F. Wienholtz et al.: Nature 498, 349 (2013).
3) D. Steppenbeck et al.: Nature 502, 207 (2013).
4) M. Kobayashi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 59(2015).
5) S. Michimasa et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 305(2013).

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
JINA and the Department of Physics, University of Notre
Dame
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RCNP, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science
NSCL, Michigan State University- 48 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Isomer spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei near N = 40
Y. Kiyokawa,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 M. Kobayashi,∗1 R. Yokoyama,∗1 D. Nishimura,∗2 S. Ota,∗1 A. Mizukami,∗2
H. Oikawa,∗2 K. Kobayashi,∗3 H. Baba,∗4 G.P.A. Berg,∗5 M. Dozono,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗4 T. Furuno,∗6
E. Ideguchi,∗7 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Kawabata,∗6 S. Kawase,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗4 T. Kubo,∗4 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗4
C.S. Lee,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗1 H. Miya,∗1 H. Nagakura,∗3 H. Sakai,∗4 S. Shimoura,∗1 A. Stolz,∗8 H. Suzuki,∗4
M. Takaki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗4 S. Takeuchi,∗4 H. Tokieda,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗4 K. Yako,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗3
Y. Yanagisawa,∗4 and K. Yoshida∗4
A study on isomeric γ decays in the vicinity of
the neutron-rich nuclei of N = 40 has been performed at the RIKEN Nishina Center RI Beam Factory. Neutron-rich nuclei were produced by fragmentation of a 70 Zn primary beam at 345 MeV/nucleon
in a 9 Be target. The fragments were separated andidentiﬁed on an event-by-event basis via the TOF-Bρ∆ E method using the BigRIPS, the High Resolution
Beam Line, and the SHARAQ spectrometer, and were
implanted in a plastic active stopper. Delayed γ-rays
were detected using two clover-type high-purity germanium detectors and sixteen NaI(Tl) detectors locatedoutside the vacuum chamber at the downstream sideof the ﬁnal focal plane of the SHARAQ beam line by
a DAQ system with an independent trigger from thebeamline DAQ system. The data of the delayed γ-rays
were correlated with the data of particles identiﬁed using a common timestamp. Data of all the delayed γrays were recorded without any hardware time window.
Delayed γ-rays within < 5 ms from beam implantation
were regarded as valid events. This is much shorter
than the beam rate and there was almost no chance ofincorrect identiﬁcation of particles owing to multiple
beam implantation during the time range. The experimental setup is presented in detail in Ref.1) .
We identiﬁed 8 isomers with half-lives in the microsecond range, including the discovery of 2 new isomers in very neutron-rich nuclei, 58 Scm and 61 Tim , andobtained a wealth of spectroscopic information such as
γ-ray energy, half-lives, and γ-ray relative intensities
for a wide range of neutron-rich exotic nuclei. The isomers that We observed in the present experiment aresummarized in Tables 1 and 2 along with the γ-ray
energies (Eγ ) and the half-lives (T1/2 ). Figure 1 shows
the γ-ray energy spectra of the new isomers.
The known isomers observed in the present experiment are consistent with the previous work. Further
analysis is in progress.

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Fig. 1. Delayed γ-rays energy spectra of new isomers identified in the present work. Peaks are labeled with energies in keV.
Table 1. γ-ray energies and half-lives of previously known
isomers observed in the present work.
Isomers
Vm [Ref.2,3) ]59
Tim [Ref.3) ]56
Scm [Ref.3,4) ]60

Scm [Ref.3–5) ]Km [Ref.2,3) ]43 m
S [Ref.3,6) ]54

50

Eγ [keV]99.6(1)stat ; 103.7(2)stat
108.9
140.6(2)stat ; 187.8(3)stat ;587.5(1)stat ;728.0(4)stat
110.6
128.3(1)stat ;172.5(1)stat
320.6

T1/2 [µs]0.221(13)0.572(19)0.228(24)2.82(9)0.132(9)0.414(14)Table 2. New isomers observed in the present work alongwith the γ-ray energies (Eγ ), half-lives (T1/2 ), and γ-ray
relative intensities (Iγ ).
Isomers
61
Tim
58

Scm

Eγ [keV]576.1(3)stat
125.2(4)stat
580.9(2)stat
412.3(5)stat247(2)stat
180.5(4)stat

T1/2 [µs]0.23(9)0.32(13)0.49(15)0.86(50)
1.25(83)
0.58(20)Iγ (%)
100
50(27)
100
85(36)
26(19)
27(14)

References

Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
Tokyo University of Science
Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center
JINA and the Department of Physics, University of Notre
Dame
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RCNP, Osaka University
NSCL, Michigan State University

1) Y. Kiyokawa et al., RIKEN. Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 60(2015).
2) J.M. Daugas et al., Phys. Rev. C 81, 034304 (2010).
3) D. Kameda et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 054319 (2012).
4) H.L. Crawford et al., Phys. Rev. C 82, 014311 (2010).
5) R. Grzywacz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 766 (1998).
6) F. Sarazin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5062 (2000).

- 49 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

The (16 O, 16 F(0− )) reaction to study spin-dipole 0− states
M. Dozono,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 K. Fujita,∗3 N. Fukuda,∗2 M. Ichimura,∗2 N. Inabe,∗2 S. Kawase,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1
Y. Kiyokawa,∗1 K. Kobayashi,∗4 M. Kobayashi,∗1 T. Kubo,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗1 C. S. Lee,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗1
S. Michimasa,∗1 H. Miya,∗1 A. Ohkura,∗3 S. Ota,∗1 H. Sagawa,∗2,∗5 S. Sakaguchi,∗3 H. Sakai,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2
S. Shimoura,∗1 Y. Shindo,∗3 L. Stuhl,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2 H. Tabata,∗3 M. Takaki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗2 H. Tokieda,∗1
T. Wakasa,∗3 K. Yako,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗2 J. Yasuda,∗3 R. Yokoyama,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗2 and J. Zenihiro∗2
We proposed the parity-transfer (16 O, 16 F(0− )) reaction as a powerful tool to study spin-dipole (SD) 0−
states in nuclei1) . The parity-transfer reaction has aunique selectivity to unnatural-parity states, which isan advantage over the other reactions used thus far. As
the first (16 O, 16 F(0− )) measurement, the experiment
for a 12 C target was performed with the SHARAQ
spectrometer. The known 0− state at Ex = 9.3 MeV in
12 2)
B serves as a benchmark to verify the effectivenessof this reaction. The experimental setup and method
can be found in Ref.3) .
The preliminary result of the excitation-energy spectrum for the 12 C(16 O, 16 F(0− ))12 B reaction at θlab =0◦ − 0.25◦ is shown in Fig. 1. The energy resolution
is 2.6 MeV in FWHM. We note that the events at
Ex ∼ −10 MeV are due to the (16 O, 16 F(0− )) reaction on hydrogens in the plastic scintillator used as areaction target. The obtained distribution is largely
different from those previously obtained by other reaction probes such as (n, p) and (d, 2 He) (e.g., see Fig. 1
in Ref.4) ). A distinct difference is that the 1+ groundstate Gamow-Teller (GT) transition is strongly hindered. Furthermore, an enhancement at Ex ∼ 9 MeV
can be seen, which is due to the 0− state at Ex =9.3 MeV. Therefore, the obtained distribution showshigh selectivity of the present reaction to 0− states.

distribution for the 0− state at Ex = 9.3 MeV together with the results for the 1+ g.s. and the 2−state at Ex = 4.4 MeV. The solid curves denote theresults calculated by the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA). The DWBA calculations predict theoscillatory patterns of the cross sections that are different depending on the spin-parity. The 0− has thestrong forward peaking, while the other states, 1+ and
2− , have the first maximum at finite angles. These
patterns reproduce the experimental data very well.
Thus, the oscillatory pattern of the angular distribution allows a clear spin-parity determination for theunnatural-parity state. Further analysis is underway
to finalize experimental results.

Fig. 1. Preliminary result of the excitation-energy spectrum for the 12 C(16 O, 16 F(0− ))12 B reaction at θlab =0◦ − 0.25◦ .

Fig. 2. Measured and calculated differential cross sections
for Ex = 9.3 MeV, 0.0 MeV, and 4.4 MeV states.

In order to extract the yield of the 0− state, we
performed peak fitting, and the results are shown as
the solid lines in Fig. 1. Figure 2 shows the angular
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

References
1) M. Dozono et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 10(2012).
2) H. Okamura et al.: Phys. Rev. C 66, 054602 (2002).
3) M. Dozono et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 58(2015).
4) H. Okamura et al.: Phys. Lett. B 345, 1 (1995).

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Rikkyo University
Center for Mathematics and Physics, University of Aizu

- 50 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Spectroscopy of single-particle states in oxygen isotopes via theA
O(p, 2p) reaction
S. Kawase,∗1,∗2 T. L. Tang,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗3 D. Beaumel,∗3,∗4 M. Dozono,∗3 T. Fujii,∗1,∗3 T. Fukunaga,∗3,∗5
N. Fukuda,∗3 A. Galindo-Uribarri,∗6 S. H. Hwang,∗7 N. Inabe,∗3 T. Kawahara,∗3,∗8 W. Kim,∗7 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗3
M. Kobayashi,∗1 T. Kubo,∗3 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗3 K. Kusaka,∗3 C. S. Lee,∗1,∗3 Y. Maeda,∗9 H. Matsubara,∗3
S. Michimasa,∗1 H. Miya,∗1,∗3 T. Noro,∗3,∗5 A. Obertelli,∗10 S. Ota,∗1 E. Padilla-Rodal,∗11 S. Sakaguchi,∗3,∗5
H. Sakai,∗3 M. Sasano,∗3 S. Shimoura,∗1 S. S. Stepanyan,∗7 H. Suzuki,∗3 M. Takaki,∗1,∗3 H. Takeda,∗3
H. Tokieda,∗1 T. Wakasa,∗3,∗5 T. Wakui,∗3,∗12 K. Yako,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗3 J. Yasuda,∗3,∗5 R. Yokoyama,∗1,∗3
K. Yoshida,∗3 and J. Zenihiro∗3
14,22,24O(⃗p, 2p) reaction measurements (SHARAQ04
experiment) were carried out with a polarized proton
target at the RIBF to measure single-particle spectra and determine spin-orbit splitting of proton singleparticle orbits in 14,22,24 O as a function of their neutron number. Beams that included oxygen unstable
isotopes bombarded the solid polarized proton target1)
and two scattered protons were detected with the drift
chambers and plastic scintillators, which were locatedon both left and right sides of the beamline. The
residual nuclei were momentum-analyzed by using theﬁrst doublet quadrupole magnets (SDQ) and the ﬁrst
dipole magnet (D1) of the SHARAQ spectrometer. For
further details about the experimental setup and conditions see Ref. 2.
The (p, 2p) events were tagged by identifying two
scattered protons and reaction residues. The particle
identiﬁcation of the reaction residues was performedby using the position information both before and after the D1 magnet, TOF from the target to the S1
focal plane, which is located at the downstream of theD1 magnet, and the energy loss in plastic scintillators at the downstream of the target. Figure 1 shows
the correlation between the proton number Z and themass-to-charge ratio A/Q at the focal plane S1 for the22
O secondary beam. The reaction residues were successfully identiﬁed.
After the identiﬁcation of the reaction, spectroscopic
factors for the ground states of 13 N, 21 N, and 23 N werededuced by comparing the experimental cross sections
and DWIA calculations with computer code THREEDEE.3) In the calculation, global Dirac optical model
potentials4) were used. For the NN interaction, theFig. 1. Correlation between Z and A/Q at the focal plane
S1.

observables calculated from the phase-shift analysis of
the NN elastic scattering by Arndt5) were used.
Both experimental and calculated cross sections of
22,24
O(p, 2p) were dropped by a factor of 3 comparedto that of 14 O(p, 2p). This can be understood partially by the eﬀect of stronger binding energy of protons. The preliminary values of the spectroscopic
factors are 1.06±0.05 (14 O(p, 2p)13 Ng.s. ), 1.01±0.08(22 O(p, 2p)21 Ng.s. ), and 1.0±0.3 (24 O(p, 2p)23 Ng.s. ).
Here, only the statistical errors are indicated. No signiﬁcant diﬀerence in the spectroscopic factors was observed among these ground-state transitions.
In the near future, the spectroscopic factors will becompared to the shell model calculations and their reductions will be discussed. The deduction of the vector
analyzing power of the reaction will also be done.

∗1Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
Present address: Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu
University∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay∗5 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗6 Oak Ridge National Laboratory∗7 Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University∗8 Department of Physics, Toho University∗9 Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki∗10 CEA Saclay∗11 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México∗12 CYRIC, Tohoku University∗2

References
1) T. Wakui et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 550, 521(2005).
2) S. Kawase et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 46, 30(2013).
3) N. S. Chant and P. G. Roos, Phys. Rev. C 15, 57 (1977).
4) E. D. Cooper et al., Phys. Rev. C 47, 297 (1993).
5) R. A. Arndt et al., Phys. Rev. D 35, 128 (1987).

- 51 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

23,25
Spectroscopic factors
factors ofFFSpectroscopicof thethe proton
protonboundboundstatesstatesinin23,25

T. L. Tang,*1 S. Kawase,*1 T. Uesaka,*2 D. Beaumel,*2,*3 M. Dozono,*2 T. Fujii,*1,*2 N. Fukuda,*2 T. Fukunaga,*2,*4
A. Galindo-Uribarri,*5 S. H. Hwang,*6 N. Inabe,*2 D Kameda,*2 T. Kawahara,*2,*7 W. Y. Kim,*6 K. Kisamori,*1,*2
M. Kobayashi,*1 T. Kubo,*2 Y. Kubota,*1,*2 K. Kusaka,*2 C. S. Lee,*1 Y. Maeda,*8 H. Matsubara,*2 S. Michimasa,*1
H. Miya,*1,*2 T. Noro,*2,*4 A. Obertelli,*9 S. Ota,*1 E. Padilla-Rodal,*10 S. Sakaguchi,*2,*4 H. Sakai,*2 M. Sasano,*2
S. Shimoura,*1 S. S. Stepanyan,*6 H. Suzuki,*2 M. Takaki,*1,*2 H. Takeda,*2 H. Tokieda,*1 T. Wakasa,*2,*4 T. Wakui,*2,*11
K. Yako,*1 Y. Yanagisawa,*2 J. Yasuda,*2,*4 R. Yokoyama,*1,*2, K. Yoshida,*2 and J. Zenihiro,*2 for SHARAQ04 collaboration
higher excitation energies. The wave function of 23F ȁ ଶଷ‫ ܨ‬ൿcan be expressed as a linear combination of proton single
particle wave functions ȁ‫ ۧ݌‬coupled to 22O wave functionsȁ ଶଶܱ ൿ, such that

The proton quasi-free knockout reaction on 23F (25F) was
studied in SHARAQ04 experiment at RIBF, RIKEN1). The
spectrum of excitation energy of the residue 22O (24O) was
deduced and partitioned by the neutron thresholds2). The
orbital angular momentum of each partition was identified
by comparison with the DWIA calculation, and then thesum of the spectroscopic factors (SFs) was extracted 3).
Figure 1 shows the spectra of excitation energy.

ȁ ଶଷ‫ ܨ‬ൿ ൌ ෍ ߚ௜௝ ቂȁ‫ۧ݌‬௜ ȁ ଶଶܱൿ௝ ቃǡ௜ǡ௝

where ߚ௜௝ is the square root of the SF, and the square
bracket ሾ ሿ represents the angular and isospin coupling andanti-symmetry operator. The known parities of the excitedstates of 22O are all negative above 6.9 MeV (1-neutron
threshold is 6.8 MeV). Because the residual interaction
cannot mix different parity states, the sum of the SFs of the
1d5/2 shell is almost limited up to 1-neutron threshold.
However, the knowledge of the excited states is notcomplete that there could be undiscovered positive parity
states above the neutron threshold.
A mean field calculation suggests that 23F is slightly
deformed (ߚଶ ൌ െͲǤʹ) 5,6). The deformed oxygen core has
to be expanded into many excited states of free oxygen;therefore, the deformation could reduce the knockout crosssection. In the reaction aspect, the (p,2p) cross section of aslightly deformed nucleus will be different from that of aspherical nucleus due to the focusing effect 7).
In conclusion, the SFs of the proton bound states of 23F
and 25F were deduced. The 1d5/2 proton of 25F is a strong
candidate of a single particle orbit. The nature of the 1d5/2
proton of 23F requires further study. The results will becompared with the shell model calculation in the near
future.

Fig. 1. Spectra of excitation energy of 23F(p,2p) (left) andF(p,2p) (right).

25

In 23F(p,2p), the partition (23F,22O) originates from the
1d5/2 shell and the SF is 0.4 ± 0.1. The partitions (23F,21,20O)
originate from the p-shell with the sum of the SFs of 4.8 ±0.7. In 25F(p,2p), the partitions (25F,24,23O) originate from the
1d5/2 shell and the sum of the SFs is 0.9 ± 0.7. The partitions(25F,22,21O) originate from the p-shell with the sum of theSFs of 4.4 ± 0.9.
The sum of the SFs of the 1d5/2 proton of 25F can beunderstood as a result of the double magic of 24O 4). The
sum of the SFs of the p-shell for both 23F and 25F areapproximately 75% of the shell limit. This result is similar
to most stable isotopes. The extraordinary small SF of the
1d5/2 of 23F needs explanations.
The independent particle model should be valid in 23F
because the experimental proton shell gap between the 1d5/2
and 1p1/2 is 10 MeV, and the proton-neutron interactionenergy is only 0.7 MeV. There could be missing strength at

References

1) S. Kawase et al.: CNS annual report 2012, (2013) 13.
2) T. L. Tang et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48 (2015) 57.
3) T. L. Tang et al.: CNS annual report 2014 (to be published).
4) R. V. F. Janssens: Nature 459 (2009) 1069.
5) G. A. Lalazissis et al.: The. Euro. Phys. Jour. A 22 (2004) 37.
6) M. K. Sharma et al.: Chin. Phys. C 39 (2015) 064102
7) P. A. Deutchman et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 283 (1977) 289.

Center of Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆3
Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay
䠆4
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
䠆5
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
䠆6
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
䠆7
Department of Physics, Toho University
䠆8
Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki
䠆9
CEA Saclay
䠆10
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico䠆11
CYRIC, Tohoku University
䠆1
䠆2- 52 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Spin-dipole response of 4 He
by exothermic charge exchange (8 He,8 Li∗ (1+ ))H. Miya,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 M. Assié,∗3 H. Baba,∗2 T. Baba,∗4 D. Beaumel,∗3 M. Dozono,∗1
T. Fujii,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2 S. Go,∗1 F. Hammache,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗5 N. Inabe,∗2 M. Itoh,∗6 D. Kameda,∗2
S. Kawase,∗1 T. Kawabata,∗4 M. Kobayashi,∗1 Y. Kondo,∗7 T. Kubo,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 C. S. Lee,∗1,∗2
Y. Maeda,∗8 H. Matsubara,∗9 S. Michimasa,∗1 K. Miki,∗5 T. Nishi,∗10 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗2 S. Ota,∗1
H. Sakai,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗11 M. Sasano,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2 A. Stolz,∗12 M. Takaki,∗1
H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 A. Tamii,∗5 H. Tokieda,∗1 M. Tsumura,∗4 T. Uesaka,∗2 K. Yako,∗1
Y. Yanagisawa,∗2 and R. Yokoyama∗1
The spin dipole (SD) (∆S = ∆L =1) is one of thespin-isospin responses. On a double-closed nucleus,
the SD excitation contribution is large because of thenucleon conﬁguration. 4 He is leghtest of the doubleclosed nucleus, and has a simple conﬁguration. It iseasy to understand the SD response. This is important for the study of supernova nucleosynthesis with
the neutrino-nucleus reaction1) .
We conducted the exothermic charge-exchange (CE)reaction 4 He(8 He, 8 Li∗ (1+ ))4 H. CE reactions are used
as a powerful probe to study the spin-isospin responses.
The exothermic reaction enables targets to excite at
low momentum transfer due to the high reaction Qvalue. The kinematics of this reaction are closed of
the neutrino-nucleus reaction, in contrast to the casein previous experiments. In this article, the angular
distribution of the reaction is reported.
The reaction was measured with the BigRIPS3) , thehigh-Resolution beamline4) , and the SHARAQ spectrometer5) at RIKEN RIBF. The liquid-4 He6) was installed at the target position of the SHARAQ. The
secondary 8 He beam irradiated the target at an intensity of about 2 MHz. In order to determine the missing mass energy and scattering angle, the trajectoryand momenta of 8 He and 8 Li were measured by using LP-MWDCs7) and CRDCs8) in the beamline and
SHARAQ. The detail experimental setup is discribedin another report9) .
Figure 1 shows the cross section angular distribution obtained from the (8 He,8 Li∗ (1+ )). The verticaland horizontal axes are the diﬀerential cross section
and scattering angle in the center-of-mass frame, respectively. The closed circles were reduced from theexperimental data. The cross sections were summed

102
Exp. Data∆L=0:1+- - ∆L=1:0 ,1 ,2+ +∆L=2:1 ,2∆L=3:210dσ/dΩ (mb/sr)

1
10-1

10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
0

1

2

3

4 5 6 7
θCM (degree)

8

9

10

Fig. 1. Cross section angular distribution obtained fromthe (8 He,8 Li∗ (1+ )) reaction. Closed circles donate theexperimental data. The lines show the DWBA calculation on the angular momentum transfer of ∆L =0, 1, 2, 3.

over the excitation energy in the range from 0 MeV
to 30 MeV for the continuum state of 4 H. The experimental data were compared with the DWBA calculation with FOLD10) . The lines show the calculated
cross sections on the angular momentum transfer of∆L = 0, 1, 2, 3. The experimental data qualitatively
indicated SD transition.
Comparison between the experimental data and thetheoretical calculation of the isovector type SD response of 4 He is now in progress.
References
1) T. Suzuki et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 034307 (2006).
2) W. G. Love, M. A. Franey, Phys. Rev. C 24, 1073
(1981).
3) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 204, 97-113 (2003).
4) T. Kawabata et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 266, 42014204 (2008).
5) S. Michimasa et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 305-310(2013).
6) H. Ryuto et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A555, 1-5 (2005).
7) H. Miya et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 701-704 (2013).
8) K. Kisamori et al., CNS Ann. Rep. 2011 (2013).
9) H. Miya et al., RIKEN Prog. Rep. 46 25 (2013).
10) J. Cook et al., ’Computer code FOLD/DWHI’, Frorida
State University (1988).

∗1

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay∗4 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗5 Research Center Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗6 Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University∗7 Department of physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗8 Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki∗9 National Institute of Radiological Sciences∗10 Department of physics, The University of Tokyo∗11 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗12 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University∗2- 53 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Magnetic moment measurement of isomeric state in 99 Zr andcharacterization of the abrasion-fission mechanism
F. Boulay,∗1,∗2,∗3 J. M. Daugas,∗2,∗3 G. S. Simpson,∗4 Y. Ichikawa,∗3 A. Takamine,∗3 D. S. Ahn,∗3 K. Asahi,∗5
H. Baba,∗3 L. Balabanski,∗3,∗6 T. Egami,∗7 T. Fujita,∗3,∗8 N. Fukuda,∗3 C. Funayama,∗5 T. Furukawa,∗9
G. Georgiev,∗10 A. Gladkov,∗3,∗11 M. Hass,∗12 K. Imamura,∗3,∗13 N. Inabe,∗3 Y. Ishibashi,∗3,∗14
T. Kawaguchi,∗7 T. Kawamura,∗8 W. Kim,∗11 Y. Kobayashi,∗15 S. Kojima,∗5 A. Kusoglu,∗10,∗16
S. Momiyama,∗17 I. Mukul,∗12 G. Neyens,∗18 M. Niikura,∗17 H. Nishibata,∗8 T. Nishizaka,∗7 A. Odahara,∗8
Y. Ohtomo,∗3,∗5 D. Ralet,∗10 T. Sato,∗5 Y. Shimizu,∗3 T. Shimoda,∗8 T. Sumikama,∗3 H. Suzuki,∗3 H. Takeda,∗3
L. C. Tao,∗3,∗19 Y. Togano,∗5 D. Tominaga,∗7 H. Ueno,∗3 H. Yamazaki,∗3 and X. F. Yang,∗18

Number of Entries

Counts (11ns/bin)

3000
2500
2000

Counts (11ns/bin)(TDPAD)3) method was used to perform such measurements. The 99 Zr nuclei were selected and identified through BigRIPS and were implanted in a nondisturbing copper crystal at F8. An external magnetic
field of 0.250 T was applied to induce a Larmor precession of the nuclei. This perturbation modified thenumber of photons emitted at a given angle dependingon the time. To detect this variation, 4 germanium detectors were placed around the crystal at 90◦ relative
to each other.

The region of neutron-rich isotones N=59 is on theborder of a sudden change of the ground state shapeof nuclei1,2) . A direct consequence is the existence ofmany nuclei with isomeric states in this region. These
nuclei are well produced by fission. Measuring themagnetic moment of these states often allows a clear
determination of their single-particle structure and allows us to determine the spin parity of the isomericstate.
The production of spin-aligned nuclei is primordial
for these types of studies; however, the explanations of
the production mechanisms of such nuclei are not wellknown. An alignment of 18(8)% was previously measured for isomers produced in the abrasion-fission reaction4,5) . The purpose of the experiment described here
is to probe different momentum regions and determine
the one with the highest alignment rate. Owing to
the high beam intensity delivered by RIBF, three different momentum selections of 99 Zr were probed with
sufficient statistics accumulated.
Thus, the NP1306-RIBF99 experiment performed at
RIKEN with the BigRIPS spectrometer has two aims.
The first is to measure the magnetic moment of the99
Zr isomeric state. The second is to measure the alignment ratio of the 99 Zr produced by the abrasion-fission
reaction of a 238 U beam sent at 345 MeV/A on a 100µm-thick target of 9 Be.
The time-dependent perturbed angular distribution

102

10

T=306(15) ns
T=306(15) ns

102

10

1

1500

1

1000

200

200

400

400

600

800

600

800

1000

1000

1200
Time (ns)1200

Time (ns)

500
0

50

100

150

200

250

300
Eγ (keV)Fig. 1. Preliminary gamma energy spectra measured for99
Zr with the decay curve associated to the 130.2 keVline.

The online analysis did not allow us to extract a preliminary magnetic moment measurement. The analysis is in progress. However, some basic observables
could be preliminarily extracted to confirm the expected properties. In Fig. 1, the gamma energy spectra associated with 99 Zr is shown. We can see the two
characteristic lines from the decay of the isomeric state
at 251.96 keV. The fit on the decay curve for the line
at 130.2 keV gives a lifetime of 306(15) ns, which iscompatible with the adopted value of 293(10) ns.

GANIL CEA/DSM CNRS/IN2P3
CEA DAM∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 LPSC∗5 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗6 IFIN/HH/ELI-NP∗7 Department of Physics, Hosei University∗8 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗9 Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University∗10 CSNSM∗11 Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University∗12 Weizmann Institute∗13 Department of Physics, Meiji University∗14 Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗15 Department of Informatics and Engineering, University ofElectro Communications∗16 Physics Department, Istanbul University∗17 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗18 K. U. Leuven∗19 School of Physics, Peking University∗1∗2

References
1) S. Hilaire, M. Girod Eur. Phys. J. A 33, 237 (2007).
2) A.G. Smith et al., Phys. Lett. B 591, 55 (2004).
3) G. Neyens, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 633 (2003).
4) G. Ilie et al., Phys. Lett. B 687, 305 (2010).
5) G. Neyens et al., Acta Phys. Pol. B 38, 1237 (2007).

- 54 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

First dedicated in-beam X-ray measurement at GARIS
C. Berner,∗1,∗3 H. Baba,∗3 R. Gernhäuser,∗1 S. Hellgartner,∗1 W. Henning,∗2,∗3 D. Kaji,∗3 R. Lutter,∗4
L. Maier,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗3 K. Morita,∗3 D. Mücher,∗1 and Y. Wakabayashi∗3

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
a)

(@Ex = 74 keV) at a trigger rate of 133 kcps. Additionally, neutron damage was measured to be negligible
due to the thin and planar structure of the detector:
Analysis of the neutron edges in the spectra showeda minimum detector lifetime of more than 40 days at
10full beam
intensity before any visible neutron damage
4,5
would
influence the measurement.
10
A
1

1

Henning,
et al.
4,5
32( Si, S)
Henning,
et al.
Chmielewska,
et al.
28
32( Si,(12S)C, α)Chmielewska,
et al.
Karwowski,
et al.
12) 7Li)( C, (α6Li,
Karwowski,
et al. et al.
Deconninck,
6
7α)( Li, (Li)
Henning,etetal.al.
Deconninck,(α) (48Ca)
Henning,al.
MLLet- expected48( Ca)MLL - 132Ce
133
MLLMLL- expected- Ce132
MLL (-16O)Ce
133
MLLA-4,5- Cedependency
16( O)187-xAu* (48Ti)
4,5
A - dependency
250 * 48 300
350
187-x
Au ( Ti)

A 28

0

10
0

<MK>

10

<MK>

We report on an experiment aiming at in-beam Xray spectroscopy of heavy and superheavy elements(SHE). The goal is to establish K-X-ray spectroscopy
as a sensitive tool to identify SHE produced in fusion
reactions. SHE are usually identified via the alphadecay products, which have to be connected to wellknown elements. However, various theories predict
spontaneous fission as the dominant decay mode forthe daughter nuclides. Additionally, half-lives of theseelements are expected to increase to values1,2) impeding the identification of SHE solely by their decay.
The in-beam identification of the characteristic X-rays
would independently allow to identify the charge number of the produced SHE.
We performed dedicated experiments for in-beam Xray recoil-decay-tagging spectroscopy at GARIS in order to study the dependence of the mean K-X-ray multiplicity MK  on the mass-number of the produced
evaporation residue. MK  is predicted3) to increase
to values well above one when approaching the SHEregion (see Fig. 1).
The fact that a single compound nucleus can emit
more than one X-ray after formation is a consequenceof the filling times of an empty inner atomic orbit (typically 10−13 . . . 10−14 s4) ) being significantly
shorter than the typical lifetime of nuclear levels
decaying by electron conversion (typically the picosecond range).Therefore many subsequent conversions
are possible in the decay cascade of a compound nucleus.
Experiments were performed at the RIKEN Nishina
Centre for Accelerator based Science by using the gasfilled magnet separator GARIS for superheavy element
detection. A high-purity, low-energy planar germanium LEGe-detectora) was adapted to the GARIS system at the target place for the first time in order
to measure the element-characteristic, prompt X-ray
emission.
In September and October 2014, first tests concerning the rate-acceptance and resolution-deterioration of
the LEGe-detector as well as background studies due
to different targets in heavy-ion fusion reactions havebeen carried out. By measuring the γ-ray background
during the reaction 248 Cm(48 Ca, xn)296−x Lv∗ with I =650 pnA average beam-intensity at a distance of 76 cm
to the target the detector performance was excellent:Superior energy-resolution of ∆EF W HM = 800 eV

139La(48Ti,xn)187-x Au*: σ ≈ 18 mb

139La(48Ti,xn)187-x Au*: σ ≈ 18 mb

-1

10

-1

10

-2

10
-2

10

0
0

50
50

100
100

150

200
ACN
200

150

250

300

350

ACN

Fig. 1. Experimental values for the mean K-X-ray multiplicity MK  as a function of the mass number ACN .

Dedicated X-ray spectroscopy was performed in
June, 2015: The reaction 139 La(48 Ti, xn)187−x Au waschosen to show the general feasibility of this new detection method. Due to space limitations, a fixed target of 139 La with 300 µm/cm2 on 3 µm Ti-backing
had to be used. Therefore, intensity of the 48 Ti beam
(E = 242 MeV ) was limited to 45 pnA. The production cross-section of the compound nucleus 187−x Au
was measured to be σ = 18.5 ± 4.6 mb. As can beseen in Fig. 1, the measured value for the multiplicityvalue reveals an excellent agreement with the semiempirical prediction of MK  = 1.23 ± 0.29. Encountering the absolute detection efficiencies as well as thetotal dead-time of the electronics a detection-limit incross-section can be estimated for in-beam X-ray spectroscopy using a whole array of LEGe-detectors to be
220 pb. This value - being nearly two orders of magnitude lower than the current limit for in-beam γ-ray
spectroscopy - encourages for further studies.
References

Department of Physics, Technische Universität München
ANL, Argonne National Laboratory
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians Universität
Canberra Type LEGe1010

1) A. Staszczak et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 024320 (2013).
2) Y.Oganessian, Rep. Prog. Phys. 78, (2015).
3) W. Henning, Nucl. Phys. A 400, (1983).
4) H.J. Karwowski et al., Phys. Rev. C 25, (1982).

- 55 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Isotope identification in nuclear emulsion plate for double-hypernuclear
double-hypernuclear study
Isotope
S. Kinbara,䠆1 H. Ekawa,䠆2 T. Fujita,䠆3 S. Hayakawa,䠆4 S. H. Hwang,䠆5 Y. Ichikawa,䠆3 K. Imamura,䠆3 H. Itoh,䠆1
H. Kobayashi,䠆1 R. Murai,䠆1 K. Nakazawa,䠆1 M. K. Soe,䠆1 A. Takamine,䠆3 A. M. M. Theint,䠆1 H. Ueno,䠆3 and J. Yoshida䠆1
Double-/ hypernuclei and twin single-/ hypernuclei arequite important objects, since they give us the /-/and Ξ-Ninteraction. In the KEK-E373 experiment, only the
NAGARA event was uniquely identified as a //6He among
seven events in nuclear emulsion, and the /-/interaction isfound to be weakly attractive in the s-shell double-/
hypernucleus.1), 2) To understand the /-/and Ξ-Ninteraction in a unified way up to the p-shell nuclei, it isnecessary to uniquely identify as many nuclides as possible.
For such detection, we find that the recognition of daughter
particles from the decay of the double-/ hypernucleus is
key issues. It can be very useful for ionization-loss
measurement, which will be reflected in particle-track
thickness or width in the emulsion. Although the relation
between energy losses, dE/dx, and their ranges has beencalibrated by specific a rays with monochromatic energies
of natural radioisotopes in the emulsion, we have noexperience in recognizing the relation between particle
track widths and their charges.
To develop a particle-identification (PID) method, fully
stripped particles of 1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, 4He, 7Li, 9Be and 11B
were exposed to the emulsion. Those particles were
produced as fragments of the 12C beam with an energy of 70
AMeV and intensity of 10 pnA at the 9Be target (t = 0.5mm). Wedge-shaped degraders made of Al with a thicknessof 962 mg/cm2 and 426 mg/cm2 were used to degrade theparticle energies. Additionally, Al and Fe degraders, whichwere combined with several thickness plates, were installed
to get suitable particle energies for stopping in the emulsion
in front of the emulsion stack.
An emulsion stack had a size of 3×7 cm2 and a thicknessof 6 mm, and was exposed to one particle with a density ofnearly 104 particles/cm2. To obtain the parameter forcalibrating a track haloes depending on the incident angle θ,
all emulsion stacks were exposed with angles of θ = 0o, 25o,
50o, 75o. We exposed 1H horizontally (θ = 90o) to all
emulsion plates as a baseline of track width, which depends
on the optical and photographic development conditions onplate by plate of the emulsion.
The raw image taken with a CCD camera attached to an
optical microscope is shown in Fig.1 a). Based on thisimage a), the blurred image of b) by Gaussian kernel was
obtained. By subtracting the blurred image b) from the raw
image a), an image of c) with a uniform background was
obtained. In this image c), the track width was defined as
the distance between two inflection points, which wereobtained from the brightness distribution by using the fitting
function, F=A*tanh(Gauss(x,P,V)). We assumed a track to
be made of many cylinders with a thickness of 1 Pm, andobtained the track volume as collection of cylinders.
a)

b)

c)

Fig. 1. Process to obtain track width with uniformbackground from a) to c).
The volumes of five nuclides (θ = 75o) were obtained
along the track between 10 Pm and 100 Pm from thestopping point. Since the track width becomes narrow near
the stopping point, we omitted the track volume aroundthere. Two large volumes, which would suddenly appear,
were removed among the ten cylinders, and the averagevolume in an interval of 10 Pm was obtained from the eightcylinders. The preliminary result on the volume ratios forthe five nuclides of 1H, 4He, 7Li, 9Be and 11B corresponding
to horizontally exposed 1H (θ = 90o) is shown in Fig. 2.
Although the recognition for the different charged particles
seems good around 100 Pm in three standard deviations, it
is quite necessary to develop the analysis in the region near
the stopping point. Data fluctuation around there causes
worse convergence in a more short range region.

Preliminary result

2.5

11

B

9

2.0

Be

7

Li

1.5

4

He

1.0
0.5

1

H

20

70 80 90 100
40 50 60
Range from stopping point [Pm]Fig. 2. Volume ratio for each nuclides (θ = 75o)
to 1H (θ = 90o) .
30* This work shall be published in HYP2015 JPS. Conf.
Proc.

Physics Department, Gifu University
䠆2
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
䠆3
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆4
Department of Physics, Osaka University
䠆5Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute䠆1

References

1) H. Takahashi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 212502 (2001).
2) J. K. Ahn et al., Phys. Rev. C 88 014003 (2013).

- 56 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurement of nuclear magnetic moment of neutron-rich 39 S
Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗2 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 A. Takamine,∗1 A. Gladkov,∗1,∗3 K. Imamura,∗1,∗4 T. Fujita,∗1.∗5 T. Sato,∗6
K. Asahi,∗6 T. Egami,∗7 C. Funayama,∗6 T. Kawaguchi,∗7 S. Kojima,∗6 L. C. Tao,∗1,∗8 D. Nagae,∗1
T. Nishizaka,∗7 Y. Ohtomo,∗6 A. Ozawa,∗2 D. Tominaga,∗7 H. Yamazaki,∗1 A. Yoshimi,∗9 and H. Ueno∗1
to the conditions shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows
the time sequence of beam on/oﬀ period, selected momentum, selected angle, and obtained yield of β-rayfrom 39 S (Yβ ). As per the results of AFR measurements, we were successfully in achieving nuclear spinpolarization.
Second, β-NMR measurements by means of the adiabatic fast passage (AFP) method were carried out
with 39 S nuclei. The experimental setup of the AFPNMR measurement is the same as described in Ref. 6).
Because the range of theoretically predicted g-factor isvery wide, a fast switching system was used.7) In thismeasurement, the g-factor search was performed in theregion 0.14 < g < 1.49. The results of the AFP-NMR
measurements are under analysis.

Ground-state nuclear electromagnetic moments ofunstable nuclei have been measured with the β-ray detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) method
1)using fragmentation-induced spin-polarized radioactive isotope (RI) beams2) . In this method, a resonancecan be observed when all three conditions are met atthe same time: 1) a polarized RI beam is produced; 2)
the frequency range of the oscillating magnetic ﬁeld in
β-NMR measurements covers a resonance frequency;
and 3) polarization is maintained in the stopper material during count time. These conditions complicate
β-NMR measurements. In order to investigate the production of spin polarization separately from the resonance scan, a new adiabatic ﬁeld rotation (AFR) system has been developed.3,4)
The experiment was carried out at the RIKEN Projectile Fragment Separator (RIPS) at the RI Beam Factory operated by RIKEN Nishina Center in September 2015. Nuclear spin-polarized 39 S nuclei were produced by bombarding 48 Ca ions on a 0.52-mm-thick9
Be target for the ﬁrst time. The 48 Ca17+ ions wereaccelerated up to 63 MeV/nucleon and the intensity ofthe primary beam was typically ∼200 pnA on the target. The fragments emitted into the angle from 1.5◦ to
5.9◦ relative to the primary beam with the momentum
p = p0 ×(1.02 ± 0.02), where p0 is the peak in the distribution, were selected by the RIPS. A wedge-shaped
degrader (148.8 mg/cm2 ) was used for energy loss separation, and then, the 39 S ions were transported to
the AFR and β-NMR apparatus. Next, they were implanted into a CaS crystal together with inseparable
fragments as contaminants that became low energy βray emitters. Under these conditions, the beam purityof 39 S was about 70%.
First, AFR measurements were conducted with 39 S
nuclei. The experimental setup of the AFR measurement is described in Ref. 5). The maximum asymmetry change (AP ) is normalized to be a product of
the asymmetry parameter A and polarization P . The
AP values for AFR measurements of 39 S in CaS are
shown in Fig. 1, where the plot points 1-5 correspond
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

0.1
AP [%]

0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5

1

2

3
#

4

5

Fig. 1. Obtained AP value of 39 S at room temperature.
Table 1. Measurement conditions and obtained Yβ# Time sequence
1
2 s - 30 s2
2 s - 30 s3
8 s - 24 s
4
16 s - 16 s
5
16 s - 16 s

Momentum [%]1 ≤ ∆p/p0 ≤ 4
1 ≤ ∆p/p0 ≤ 4
1 ≤ ∆p/p0 ≤ 4
1 ≤ ∆p/p0 ≤ 4
0 ≤ ∆p/p0 ≤ 4

Angle
θ≥1.5◦
θ≥1.0◦
θ≥1.5◦
θ≥1.5◦
θ≥1.5◦

Yβ [cps]
140
150
240
310
420

References
1) K. Sugimoto et al., Phys. Lett. 18, 38 (1965).
2) K. Asahi et al., Phys. Lett. B 251, 488 (1990).
3) H. Ogawa et al., Phys. Lett. B 451, 11 (1999).
4) Y. Ishibashi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 714(2013).
5) A. Gladkov et al., in this report.
6) Y. Ichikawa et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 64(2014).
7) N. Yoshida et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 705(2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
Department of Physics, Meiji University
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, Hosei University
School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear
Physics and Technology, Pekin University
Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University- 57 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Polarization measurements of 39 S for β-NMR studies
A. Gladkov,∗1,∗2 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗3 A. Takamine,∗1 T. Fujita,∗1,∗4 K. Imamura,∗1,∗5
T. Nishizaka,∗6 H. Ueno,∗1 W. Y. Kim,∗2 L. C. Tao,∗1,∗7 T. Egami,∗6 H. Yamazaki,∗1 D. Tominaga,∗6
K. Asahi,∗8 T. Kawaguchi,∗6 Y. Ohtomo,∗1,∗8 C. Funayama,∗8 S. Kojima,∗8 and T. Sato∗8
In this experimental campaign, we focus on the
search for the ground state electromagnetic momentsof S isotopes close to the magic number N = 28, forwhich erosion of the shell gap has been suggested1,2) .
As the AP value obtained for 41 S is quite small3) , theAP value achieved for 39 S whose decay scheme has
been partly established4) is tested before the 41 S and43
S measurements. Here A and P denote the asymmetry parameter for the β-ray emission and the degree ofpolarization, respectively.
For these purposes, we employ the method of βnuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) in combination with adiabatic fast passage technique (AFP)
and the particles of interest are provided by thewell-established method to produce spin-polarized RI
beams5) . However, in order to conduct the β-NMR
measurement in an efficient way, it is highly desirable
to determine the optimal beam settings resulting in
the largest value of the figure-of-merit Y × P 2 beforehand, where Y and P denote the yield and polarizationof the secondary beam, respectively. Therefore, we
employ the adiabatic field rotation (AFR) system6,7)
that enables us to determine the polarization througha change in the β-ray asymmetry caused by the adiabatic rotation of the holding field, without the use of
the NMR technique and prior to the actual β-NMR
measurement.
A strong holding field B0 provides better preservation of polarization and higher probability of spinreversal. To increase the magnetic field within thespace and motor power limitations, the magnet part of
the AFR device was modified by employing the Halbach array magnet configuration8) instead of a common dipole design. The type of Halbach array that
we use consists of eight Nd magnet segments placed insuch a way that the entire construction forms a circular shape. Each segment has a different direction of
the magnetic field so that the magnetic field lines arewithin the magnet material. Thus, the key feature of
the array is that the magnetic field is mostly enclosed
within the array and is negligibly weak outside of it,
providing the most efficient use of the magnet material. With such a configuration, a 0.495 T magnetic
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

field was obtained, which is almost twice as large asthat for the previous dipole design.
In addition, the rectangular planar plastic scintillators were replaced with cylindrical scintillators covering a solid angle of nearly 2π sr. This allowed us toenlarge the stopper so that it is the same size as thatin the β-NMR setup.
The AFR experiment was conducted at the RIPS facility at the RIBF prior to the β-NMR measurements.
A secondary beam of 39 S was produced from the projectile fragmentation reaction of 48 Ca on a 0.5 mmthick beryllium target at an energy of 63 MeV/nucleon
and beam current of 200 pnA at the target. In orderto ensure polarization of 39 S, an emission angle selection θF > 2◦ was applied with a momentum windowof pF = p0 × (1.02 ± 0.02). Here p0 represents the central momentum of the fragment. In these conditions,a beam purity of 77% was achieved by the two-stage
Bρ selection. After separation, the particles of interest
were implanted in a 0.5 mm-thick CaS stopper within
the AFR setup. The emitted β-rays were detected by
two pairs of plastic scintillators placed above and below the stopper.
The measurements were carried out according to thefollowing sequence. The stopper was irradiated for
16 s of the beam-on period. The AFR magnet array
was then rotated by 180◦ for 150 ms. As the rotation
causes small vibrations, an additional margin of 70 ms
was added to ensure stabilization. After that the βparticles were counted for 16 s. The AP value was calculated from the four-fold ratio considering four configurations of up/down direction of the rotating fieldand normal/reversed spin of the implanted particles.
In this measurement, an AP value of −0.37 ± 0.12%
was obtained with 3.1σ significance on the CaS stopper. The determined beam settings were applied in the
β-NMR measurements following the AFR experiment
to determine the g-factor of the 39 S ground sate. Further analysis of data obtained from both experiments
is in progress.
References
1) R. W. Ibbotson et al.: Phys. Rev. C 59, 642 (1999).
2) S. Grévy et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 25, 11 (2005).
3) H. Shirai et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 39 (2014).
4) J. C. Hill et al.: Phys. Rev. C 21, 384 (1980).
5) K. Asahi et al.: Phys. Lett. B 251, 488 (1990).
6) H. Ogawa et al.: Phys. Lett. B 451, 11 (1999).
7) Y. Ishibashi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 714(2013).
8) K. Halbach: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 169, 1 (1980).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Meiji University
Department of Physics, Hosei University
The School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear
Physics and Technology, Pekin University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology- 58 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

β-NMR measurement in coincidence with β-delayed γ rays of 39 S
L. C. Tao,∗1,∗2 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 H. Ueno,∗1 Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗3 A. Takamine,∗1 A. Gladkov,∗1,∗4 T. Fujita,∗1,∗6
K. Asahi,∗7 T. Egami,∗8 C. Funayama,∗7 K. Imamura,∗1,∗5 T. Kawaguchi,∗8 S. Kojima,∗7 T. Nishizaka,∗8
T. Sato,∗7 D. Tominaga,∗8 and H. Yamazaki∗1
We aim to measure the ground-state magnetic moment of neutron-rich S isotopes. The β-NMR measurement of 39 S was carried out before 41 S and 43 S,
in order to check the AP value that was produced
through fragmentation reaction and was kept in a CaS
stopper1) . The β-decay of 39 S was reported but spinparities of the produced 39 Cl excited states have notbeen fixed other than the two excited states whose energies respectively are 396 keV and 1697 keV2) . β-γ
spectroscopy with polarized beams was carried out toestablish a complete decay scheme including fixed spinparities, which is required for an accurate evaluationof AP value.
This experiment was carried out at the RIPS of
RIBF in December 2015. A beam of 39 S was obtained from the fragmentation of 48 Ca projectiles at
E = 63 MeV/nucleon on a 9 Be target with a thicknessof 0.5 mm. The intensity of 48 Ca beam on the Be target was typically 200 pnA. The isotope separation of
39
S was performed with RIPS where an emission angleof θF > 2.0◦ and a momentum window of p F = p 0
× (1.02 ± 0.02) were selected in order to produce spinpolarization in 39 S. Here, p 0 represents the central momentum of fragment 39 S.
The 39 S beam was then transported to the final focal
plane and implanted into a 0.5-mm-thick CaS stopperin the β-NMR apparatus. The β-NMR apparatus consists of a collimator, a CaS crystal stopper, a dipole
magnet, a radio frequency Helmholtz coil and scintillator telescopes located above and below the stopper.
The CaS stopper was mounted between the poles ofthe dipole magnet. The experimental setup for NMR
measurement was same as described in Ref1) . The βdelayed gamma rays of 39 S that stopped in the CaS
crystal were detected using two high purity Ge detectors that were diagonally placed at a distance of 30 cm
from the stopper. Fig. 1 shows the photograph of theexperimental setup around the stopper. The data acquisition system was triggered by a gamma-hit event
defined by a logical OR of signals from the Ge detectors.
In this experiment, we also observed six gamma-ray
peaks with energies of 396 keV, 485 keV, 874 keV,
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Fig. 1. Photograph of experimental setup. The top partof one Ge detector is seen on the right side of the figure, and the other detector is located behind the dipole
magnet. Two sets of plastic scintillators are inserted
between the poles of the magnet.

Fig. 2. γ ray spectrum with the energy of 396 keV.

904 keV, 1300 keV and 1697 keV, which had been observed in the previous experiment2) . As an example,
the energy spectrum of 396 keV is shown in Fig. 2.
The further analysis to obtain the polarization effectin coincidence with the β rays is in progress.

RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear
Physics and Technology, Peking University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
Department of Physics, Meiji University
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, Hosei University

References
1) Y. Ishibashi et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (in thisreport).
2) J. C. Hill, R. F. Petry, K. H. Wang: Phys. Rev. C 21,
384 (1980).

- 59 -

First application of the Trojan Horse M
18 ∗1
∗1,∗2
α)15∗2O reactio
beam:
study
Rapisarda,
M.of
Lathe
Cognata,F(p,L. Lamia,
S. Cherubini,∗1,∗2,∗3 M. Gulino,∗1,∗3,∗4 C. Spitaleri,∗1,∗2 G.G.

011)

, 015805

i Cataniaociencemétrie de

7467

7335

6968
7075

6755

6460
6537

6070

6255

<σ> arbitrary units<S(E) >(MeV barn)

7467

7335

6968
7075

6755

6460
6537

6070

6255

5837

<σ> arbitrary units∗3

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Department of Physics, Yamagata University
4∗8 Rare 10
Isotope
Science Project, Institute for Basic Science∗9 Department of Physics, Kyushu University†
from the article in Phys. Rev. C 92, 015805∗10 Condensed
Centre103 de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de(2015)
Masse,
IN2P3∗1 INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy∗11 Institut2 de Physique Nucléaire, IN2P3∗2 Dipartimento
10
di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Catania∗12 Institute for Nuclear
Research (MTA-ATOMKI)∗3 Riken, Nishina Center∗13 TUM
∗4 Università
10
di
Enna
KORE
∗14 30 MeV Cyclotron Center, Tran Hung Dao Hospital∗4 RIKEN, Nishina Center∗6(MeV barn)) (2011).
2 (2013).

6.41
MeV). Thered eddashedlines represent
Dipartimento
di Fisica
Astronomia,
UniversitàGaussians
di Catania
usedforNishina
ﬁtting Center
the data. The numbers above the arrows
Riken,∗4 Università di Enna KORE
represents the peak positions in 19 Ne excitation energy∗4 RIKEN, Nishina Center∗5 obtained from the ﬁtting procedure.
∗2<S(E) >

1 (2014).

5837

R.G. Pizzone,∗1 S. Romano,∗1,∗2 S. Kubono,∗3,∗5 H. Yamaguchi,∗5 S. Hayakawa,∗1,∗5 Y. Wakabayashi,∗5 N.
∗10
∗11
∗11
∗1,∗2,∗3∗1,∗3,∗4
Iwasa,∗6 S. Kato,∗7 T. Komatsubara,∗8 T. Teranishi,∗9 A.S.Coc,
N. deSéréville,
F. Hammache,G. ∗1,∗2 G.G. R
M. Gulino,
C. Spitaleri,
Cherubini,Ⅱ
RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)-1.
NuclearPhysics∗12∗3,∗13∗5,∗14
∗1
∗1,∗2
∗3,∗5
Kiss,
S. Bishop,
and
D.N.
Binh
R.G. Pizzone, S. Romano,
S. Kubono,
H. Yamaguch
Iwasa,∗6 S. Kato,∗7 T. Komatsubara,∗8 T. Teranishi,∗9 A. Coc,
Kiss,∗12 S. Bishop,
The resultsof a pioneering
where theFirstapplication
ofexperiment
the Trojan
Horse Method with a radioactiveion∗3,∗13 and D.N
1,2)
Trojan Horse Method
applied18 for the first15†
4 astrophysical energies
F(p, α) time
O reaction
atbeam: study ofwasthe10
for measuring the cross section of an astrophysically
The resultsof a pioneering experiment where theimportant reaction, namely 18 F(p, α)15 O at Nova enTrojan Horse Method1,2) was applied for the first time∗1,∗2,∗3∗1,∗3,∗4
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∗1¤1
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Pizzone,S.S.Romano,
H.H.Yamaguchi,
S.S.Hayakawa,R.G.
Pizzone,Romano,Kubono,Yamaguchi,
Hayakawa,
Y.Wakabayashi,
Wakabayashi,
Phys.
Rev.
C 92, 015805(2015). S.S.Kubono,
important reaction,
namely 18Y.
F(p,α)15 O at NovaN.en∗6 ¤6
∗7 ¤7
∗8 ¤8
∗9 ¤9
∗10 ¤10∗11 ¤11∗11 ¤11
3,4)
Iwasa,
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Teranishi,
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de
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Hammache,G. inN.
Iwasa,
S. Kato,Komatsubara,
Teranishi,
A.
Coc,
N.
de
S¶
e
r¶
e
ville,
F.
ergies , using a radioactive beam Hammache,were published∗12∗3,∗13∗5,∗14¤12¤3;¤13¤5;¤14Kiss,
S.
Bishop,
and
D.N.
Binh
Kiss,
S.
Bishop,
and
D.N.
Binh
G.
experiment
was aperformed
at the RIKEN
Phys. Rev.
jan Horse The
Methodwithradioactiveion
10C2 92, 015805 (2015).
Nishina Center using the CRIB apparatus from the†
18α)15 O reaction
atastrophysicalenergies
Universityof Tokyo.
The primary
beamof whereO delivThe resultsofa pioneeringexperimenttheThe experiment was performed at the RIKEN
18
1,2)
ered byHorsethe AVF
cyclotronwasused toF
Trojan
Methodwasappliedforproduce
the firstatime
Nishina Center
10 using the CRIB apparatus from the∗1,∗2radioactive
beam
with
intensity
inoftheof 105∗2-106
for measuring
the
cross
sectionan∗1range
astrophysically
University of Tokyo. The primary beam of 18 O delivpitaleri,∗1,∗2 G.G.
Rapisarda,
M.
La Cognata,
L. Lamia,∗5 reaction, namely∗5
pps.
importantF(p,α)15 O at Nova
ered by the AVF cyclotron was used to produce a 18 F,∗3,∗5 H. Yamaguchi,
S. Hayakawa,∗1,∗5 18Y.
Wakabayashi,
N.en-500
0
1000
3,4)
∗9 ergies
∗10
∗11
∗11
TheCoc,nuclearsection andF.
the
astrophysical, using
radioactive
beam
were publishedinradioactive beamwith intensity
in500
the rangeof 105 -106
Teranishi, A.
N.cross
deaSéréville,
Hammache,G.facE(keV)∗3,∗13 tor∗5,∗14
c.m.
S(E)
were
extracted
the data for the reaction
Phys.
Rev.
C 92,
015805from(2015).
pps.
Bishop,
and
D.N.
Binh
18
F(p, α)15 O. These are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respecThe nuclear cross section and the astrophysical factively.
order to improve
the results at
obtainedin thisThe Inexperiment
was performed
the RIKEN
tor S(E) were extracted from the data for the reaction
here the
Fig.
1. α)
The
18
15 nuclear cross section spectrum as a function of
work,
a
new
measurement
of
the
same
reactionwasthe
Nishina
Center
using
the
CRIB
apparatusfromF(p,O. These are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respecrst time18
F cm toenergy.
Thetheblue
verticalline shows
the
the
p18
4
performed
again
in
Fall
2015.
The
new
experimentisUniversityofTokyo.
The
primary
beamofO
delivtively.
In
order
improve
results
obtainedin this10
hysically
18
5)18
F+p
reaction(E=positionofthethresholdfortheFig. 1. Tthalso reported
in thisAccelerator
Progress
Reporta . F
ered
by the AVF
cyclotron
was used
to produce
work, a new measurement of the same reaction was
Nova en6.41
MeV).
The
red
dashedlines
represent
Gaussians
56
the pradioactive beam with intensity in the range of 10 -10
performed again in Fall 2015. The new experiment isished in3
usedforﬁtting
the
data.
The
numbersabove
thearrows5)
posit
References
10
pps.
also
reportedin this Accelerator
Report .Horse M
Firstapplicationof Progress
the Trojan
represents the peak positions in 19 Ne excitation energy
6.41
1)
E. Tribble
et al.,
Rep. Prog.
77, 106901 (2014).
TheR.nuclear
cross
sectionand Phys.
the astrophysical
fac18
15
F(p,
α)
O
reactio
beam:
study
of
the
obtainedfromtheﬁttingprocedure.
2)
S.
Cherubini
et
al.,
ApJ
457,
855,
(1996).
used
References
tor S(E) wereextracted from the data for the reaction
RIKEN
23) A. S. Adekola
et al., Phys. Rev., C83 052801 (R) (2011).
18
15
repre
10
1)
R.
E.
Tribble
et
al.,
Rep.
Prog.
Phys.
77,
106901(2014).
F(p, α) O. These are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respecrom the4) A. M. Laird et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 032502 (2013).
∗1,∗2,∗3∗1,∗3,∗4
∗1,∗2
obta
2)
S.
Cherubini
et
al.,
ApJ
457,
855,
(1996).
M. Gulino,
C. Spitaleri,
G.G. R
S. Cherubini,tively. In order to improve the results obtained in thisO deliv5) S. Cherubini et al.: In this report.
104 nuclear∗1al.,
∗1,∗2
∗3,∗5
3)
A.1.S.The
Adekola
et
Phys.
Rev.,
C83S.052801(2011).
Fig.
crosssectionspectrumas a (R)functionof Yamaguchi
R.G.
Pizzone,S.
Romano,Kubono,
H.
work,
a
new
measurement
of
the
same
reactionwas18
ce a F6) C. E. Beer18
10 et al., Phys. Rev., C 83, 042801 (2011)4) A.
et energy.
al., Phys.
Lett.,
110, ∗8032502(2013).
∗6F cm∗7 Theblue
verticalline
the ∗9 A. Coc,
theM.
p-LairdIwasa,
T. Rev.
Komatsubara,
T.shows
Teranishi,
performed again in Fall 2015. The new experiment is
103 S. Kato,
105 -10618
5)S.
Cherubini
etthresholdal.: In thisreport.
∗12∗3,∗135)
F+preaction(Eposition
of
the
for
the
th
Kiss,
S. Bishop,=and D.N
also reported in this Accelerator Progress Report .
6) C.
E. MeV).
Beer
etTheal., redPhys.
Rev., lines
C 83,represent
042801 (2011)2
6.41
dashedGaussians
10
-500
0
500
1000
cal facused for ﬁtting the data. The numbers above the arrows
References
Ec.m. (keV)
The resultsof a pioneering experiment
where thereaction
10
represents
the peak 1,2)
positions in 19 Ne excitation energy
1) R. E. Tribble et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 106901 (2014).
TrojanHorse
Methodwasappliedforthefirst time
respecobtained from the ﬁtting procedure.
2) S. Cherubini et al., ApJ 457, 855, (1996).
formeasuringthecrosssectionofanastrophysically1
d in this3) A.
Adekolaet al.,Phys.
Rev.,
C83 052801(R) (2011).
Fig.
1. S.The
nuclearcross
sectionspectrumas a functionofimportant reaction, namely 18 F(p, α)15 O at Nova enion was
4) A.
M. 18
Lairdfromet al.,thePhys.
Rev.inLett.,
110,032502(2013).
†
Condensed
article
Phys.
Rev.
C
92,
01580510,−1using a radioactive beam were published in
the p- F cm energy. The blue vertical line shows theergies3,4)
iment is5) S.
Cherubini et al.: In this report.
(2015)
18of the threshold for the F+p reaction (Eth =Phys. Rev.0 C 100
92, 200
015805(2015).
∗1 positionort5) .
6)C.
E. Beer etal., Phys.
INFN-LNS,
Catania,
ItalyRev., C 83, 042801 (2011)
300 400 500 600 700 800 900∗5Center1for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Departmentof Physics, Yamagata University
10−1∗8 Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science∗9 Department of Physics, Kyushu University0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900∗10 Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie
E (keV)de
Masse, IN2P3∗11 Institut dePhysiqueIN2P3 S-factor from thisα)15Nucléaire,
O astrophysicalFig.
2. The 18 F(p,∗12 Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA-ATOMKI)
The full dots are THM experimental data with
∗13 work.
TUM+∗14 the3/2Hungfor Daothe Hospitalresonance atassumption
J π =Tran
30 MeV
CyclotronofCenter,∗6

E = 6460 keV, the open ones corresponds to the assumption of J π = 5/2− (the diﬀerence from this lastassumption to the other possible value 1/2− and 3/2−
being negligeable within the errors). The solid and - 60 dashed lines shown in the ﬁgure are calculations presented and discussed in Ref.6) smeared to the present†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. CE (keV)
92, 015805(2015)
experimentwasperformed at the RIKEN∗1 The
INFN-LNS,
Italy
18 Catania,
Fig. 2. The
F(p,usingα)15 Othe
astrophysicalS-factor from this∗2
Nishina
Center
CRIB apparatus
theDipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia,
Università fromdi Catania∗3 work.
The
fullCenter
dotsTheare primary
THM experimental
with
Riken, Nishina
Universityof Tokyo.
beam of 18data
O deliv∗4 Università di Enna KORE
3/2+
for totheresonance
theof J π = waseredbyassumption
the AVF cyclotron
used
producea 18atF∗4 RIKEN, Nishina Center
5 as6
E
=
6460
keV,
the
open
ones
corresponds
totheradioactive
beam
with
intensity
in
the
range
of
10
-10
∗5 Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyoπ−
of J = 5/2 (the diﬀerence from this last
∗6 sumption
pps.
Department of Physics, Tohoku University−∗7 assumption
to Physics,
thesectionotherpossiblevalue
1/2− and 3/2
Department
ofYamagata
University
The
nuclear crossand theastrophysicalfac∗8 Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science
being
negligeable
withinthetheerrors).
andtor
S(E) wereextracted
fromdata forThethesolid
reaction∗9 Department of Physics, Kyushu University
18 dashed
15lines shown in the ﬁgure are calculations preα)
O.
These
are
shown
in
Figs.
1
and
2
respec∗10F(p,Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire
et de Spectrométrie de6)smearedto the present
sentedand discussed
in Ref.
tively.
In orderto improve
the results
obtainedin thisMasse,
IN2P3
18∗11
resolution.
F(p,α)15Nucléaire,
O astrophysicalS-factorfrom was
thisFig.experimental
2. aTheInstitutde Physique
work,
new
measurementof IN2P3
the samereaction∗12 Institute for Nuclear Research (MTA-ATOMKI)
work. The
fullindots
are
THMTheexperimental
data withperformed
again
Fall
2015.
new
experimentis∗13 TUM5) atfor the resonanceassumptionof Accelerator
J π = 3/2+Progress
also
reportedin
thisReport.
∗14 the
30 MeV Cyclotron Center, Tran Hung Dao Hospital

E = 6460 keV, the open ones corresponds to the as-

sumption of J π = 5/2− (the diﬀerence from this last
References−
1) R.
E. Tribbletoettheal., other
Rep. Prog.
Phys.
77,1/2106901(2014).
and3/2−
assumption
possible
value
2) S.
Cherubini
et
al.,
ApJ
457,
855,
(1996).
being negligeable within the errors). The solid and
3) A.
S. Adekola
et al., Phys.
C83(R) (2011).
dashedlines shownin theRev.,ﬁgure
are052801
calculations
pre6)
4) A.
M.
Laird
et
al.,
Phys.
Rev.
Lett.,
110,
032502(2013).
sented and discussed in Ref. smeared to the present
5) S. Cherubini et al.: In this report.
experimental resolution.
6) C. E. Beer et al., Phys. Rev., C 83, 042801 (2011)

Fig. 2. T
work
the
E =
sump
assu
bein
Fig.dash
1. T
thesentep
posit
expe
6.41
used
repre
obta

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Different mechanism of two-proton emission from excited states ofproton-rich nuclei 23Al and 22Mg†
Y. G. Ma,∗1 D. Q. Fang,∗1 X. Sun,∗1 P. Zhou,∗1 Y. Togano,∗2 N. Aoi,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 X. Z. Cai,∗1 X. G. Cao,∗1
J. G. Chen,∗1 Y. Fu,∗1 W. Guo,∗1 Y. Hara,∗3 T. Honda,∗3 Z. Hu,∗4 K. Ieki,∗3 Y. Ishibashi,∗5 Y. Ito,∗5
N. Iwasa,∗6 S. Kanno,∗2 T. Kawabata,∗7 H. Kimura,∗8 Y. Kondo,∗2 K. Kurita,∗3 M. Kurokawa,∗2
T. Moriguchi,∗5 H. Murakami,∗2 H. Ooishi,∗5 K. Okada,∗3 S. Ota,∗7 A. Ozawa,∗5 H. Sakurai,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗7
R. Shioda,∗3 E. Takeshita,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 W. Tian,∗1 H. Wang,∗1 J. Wang,∗4 M. Wang,∗4 K. Yamada,∗2
Y. Yamada,∗3 Y. Yasuda,∗5 K. Yoneda,∗2 G. Q. Zhang,∗1 and T. Motobayashi∗2
For proton-rich nuclei, the proton decay mechanism
is complicated, especially for two-proton (2p) radioactivity1) . The proton-rich nucleus 23 Al has attracted
a lot of attention in recent years since it may play a
crucial role in understanding the depletion of the NeNa
cycle in ONe novae2) . The measurement of its reaction
cross section and fragment momentum distribution has
shown that the valence proton in 23 Al is dominated by
the d wave but with an enlarged core3) . The spin andparity of the 23 Al ground state was found to be J π =5/2+4) . Also of great interest is 22 Mg because of its
importance in determining the astrophysical reaction
rates for 21 Na(p,γ)22 Mg and 18 Ne(α,p)21 Na reactionsin the explosive stellar scenarios.
An experiment was performed to study the twoproton decay channels of 23 Al and 22 Mg using the
RIPS beamline at the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) operated by RIKEN Nishina Center and Center for Nuclear
Study, University of Tokyo.
In this study, we examined the relative momentum
spectrum (qpp ) and opening angle (θpp ) of the two protons in the three-body decay system for 23 Al and 22 Mg.
Without any cut in the excitation energy, a broad qpp
spectrum and structure-less θpp distribution are observed. These results indicate that the main mechanism of two proton emission from 23 Al and 22 Mg aresequential or three-body emission with very weak correlation between the two protons. However, since thedecay mode for different excited states or excitationenergies is different, it is interesting to check qpp andθpp spectrum at different excitation energies. For the
diproton or 2 He emission, a clear peak should appear
at small relative momentum as well as opening angle. Fig. 1 show the experimental results of the above
two distributions for 23 Al in the excitation energy window 10.5 < E ∗ < 15 MeV. Evident peaks at qpp ∼ 20
MeV/c (a) and small opening angle (b) are absent. Instead, the qpp spectrum is broad and the θpp distribu†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Condensed from the article in Phys. Lett. B 743, 306 (2015)
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Institute of Modern Physics, CAS
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Tohoku University
Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo

Fig. 1. Relative momentum (a) and opening angle (b) distributions between two protons by the decay of 23 Al
into two protons plus 21 Na for 10.5 < E ∗ < 15 MeV;(c) and (d) are the results by the decay of 22 Mg into
two protons plus 20 Ne for 12.5 < E ∗ < 18 MeV.

tion is structure-less. Similar analysis has been done indifferent E∗ windows other than 10.5 < E ∗ < 15 MeV
and similar behaviors for qpp and θpp are observed.
For 22 Mg, Fig. 1 shows the qpp (c) and θpp (d) datain the excitation energy window 12.5 < E ∗ < 18 MeV.
The peaks of the qpp distribution at 20 MeV/c andof the corresponding small θpp are clearly observed.
These features are consistent with the diproton emission mechanism. However, no significant enhancements for qpp ∼ 20 MeV/c and small θpp are observedfor other E ∗ windows.
In order to quantitatively understand the qpp and θpp
spectra, a Monte Carlo simulation has been performed.
A mixture of diproton and simultaneous three-bodydecay or sequential decay was used to fit the qpp andθpp data. As shown in the figure, the sequential decay
is overwhelmingly dominant for 23 Al. For 22 Mg, on
the other hand, the diproton or 2 He emission peaks
are well reproduced by the simulation. The fraction of
the diproton emission is determined to be around 30%.
References
1) V. I. Goldansky, Nucl. Phys. 19 (1960) 482.
2) V. E. Iacob et al., Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) 045810.
3) D. Q. Fang et al., Phys. Rev. C 76 (2007) 031601(R).
4) A. Ozawa et al., Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) 021301(R).

- 61 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Observation of resonances in 14 C with 10 Be+α resonant elastic
scattering at CRIB
H. Yamaguchi,∗1 D. Kahl,∗1 S. Hayakawa,∗1 Y. Sakaguchi,∗1 and K. Abe,∗1 for CRIB collaboration
A measurement of 10 Be+α resonant elastic scattering was conducted at CRIB on the interests of cluster structure in the 14 C nucleus1–3) . In 2015, themain measurement was performed using the thicktarget method in inverse kinematics. The 10 Be radioactive isotope (RI) beam was produced via the11B(d, 3 He)10 Be reaction in inverse kinematics using
a 1.2-mg/cm2 -thick deuterium gas target and a 11 B
beam at 5.0 MeV/u and 700 pnA accelerated with an
AVF cyclotron. The 10 Be beam was separated and puriﬁed by magnetic analysis and velocity selection witha Wien ﬁlter. The experimental setup at the ﬁnal focal plane was similar to the previous one in the 7 Be+αexperiment4) , but we placed an extra silicon detector
telescope instead of the NaI detectors, and we used
two parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) as thebeam counter. The new setup enabled us to perform areliable analysis on the angular distribution with a better position sensing of the beam and recoiled particles.
The parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) measured timing and position of the incoming 10 Be beamwith a position resolution of 1 mm or better. The
beam ﬁnally traveled into the gas target, a chamberﬁlled with helium gas at 700 Torr and covered with a
20-µm-thick Mylar ﬁlm as the beam entrance window.
The 10 Be beam energy at the entrance of the heliumgas target was 25 MeV, and the purity was better than
95%, with a typical intensity of 104 pps. α particles
recoiling to the forward angles were detected by the∆E-E detector telescopes. We used two sets of detector telescopes in the gas-ﬁlled chamber, where eachtelescope consisted of two layers of silicon detectors,
which had thicknesses of 20 µm and 480 µm. The central telescope was located at 555 mm from the beam
entrance window, and the other telescope was at an angle of 9◦, looking from the entrance window position.
Each detector in the telescope had an active area of 50
× 50 mm, and 16 strips for one side, making pixels of
3 × 3 mm2 .
The dominant particle measured at the telescopes
was α particle, which was distinguished from other particles with the ∆E-E information. We selected eventsin which the beam particle was entering into the target and an α particle was detected at the telescope incoincidence with the 10 Be beam particle at the PPAC.
A precise energy loss function of the 10 Be beam in
the helium gas target was obtained by a direct energy
measurement at seven diﬀerent target pressures interpolated with a calculation using the SRIM code. The∗1

scattering position, or equivalently the center-of-massenergy Ecm , was determined by a kinematic reconstruction on event-by-event basis, which uses the energy loss function, the beam trajectory measured with
the PPACs, and the energy and position of the recoiled
α particle at the telescope. The number of events foreach small energy division was converted to the differential cross section dσ/dΩ, using the solid angle ofthe detector, the number of beam particles, and the effective target thickness. The number of beam particles
was precisely known by the single counting of the beam
particle with the PPAC, simultaneously recorded in themeasurement. The background contribution evaluatedby the argon-target run data was subtracted from thehelium-target spectrum. Finally we obtained the excitation function of the 10 Be+α resonant scattering for
14–19 MeV as shown in Fig. 1a, where events with thelaboratory angle of the recoiled α particle θlab =0–8◦(corresponding to the center-of-mass angle θcm =164–180◦) were selected. The excitation function obtained
here has a similar peak structure with a previous measurement5) . The resonant information including J πwill be obtained with an analysis with R-matrix calculation.
Differential cross section (mb/sr)

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
14

15

16

17

18

19

Excitation energy in 14C (MeV)

Fig. 1. Excitation function of the 10 Be+α resonant scattering for θlab =0–8◦.

References
1) T. Suhara and Y. Kanada-En’yo: Phys. Rev. C 82,
044301 (2010).
2) T. Suhara and Y. Kanada-En’yo: Phys. Rev. C 84,
024328 (2011).
3) H. Yamaguchi et al.: RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report 48, 67 (2015).
4) H. Yamaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87, 034303 (2013).
5) M. Freer et al.: Phys. Rev. C 90, 054324 (2014).

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo- 62 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

New Trojan Horse study of the 18 F(p, α)15 O reaction at astrophysicalenergies
S. Cherubini,∗1,∗2,∗3 G. D’Agata,∗1,∗2 M. Gulino,∗1,∗3,∗4 M. La Cognata,∗1 S. Palmerini,∗1 R.G. Pizzone,∗1
S. Romano,∗1,∗2 R. Spartà,∗1 C. Spitaleri,∗1,∗2 H. Yamaguchi,∗5 K. Abe,∗5 O. Beliuskina,∗5 S. Hayakawa,∗5
D.M. Kahl,∗5 Y. Sakaguchi,∗5 S. Kubono,∗3 D. Suzuki,∗3 N. Iwasa,∗6 K.Y. Chae,∗7 M. Kwag,∗7 H.S. Jung,∗8
D.N. Binh,∗9 V. Guimarães,∗10 and S. Bishop∗11
deg.
One of the main problems encountered in the data
analysis of the previous work came from the existenceof various reaction channels with diﬀerent sets of threeparticles in the ﬁnal state. Though it was shown that
it is possible to disentangle the events coming fromthe reaction channel of interest from the others by applying various kinds of cuts in the phase space5) , thepossibility of having a direct identiﬁcation in Z of theoutgoing particles, at least for the heavier ones, was
one of the major improvements in this measurement.
To this end, a 20 µm thick silicon strip detector wasused as ∆E stage in front of each of the aforementioned
double sided multi strip detectors, such that the ∆E-E
telescopes cover angles from roughly 4 to 10 deg. This
will also result in a higher detection eﬃciency because
we expect that we will be able to recover regions of thephase space that had to be discarded in the previous
data analysis.
As already mentioned, the experiment was successfully
performed in fall 2015 over a period of 18 days divided
into two runs. Given the much longer period of actual
data acquisition (15 days vs 2) and the higher detection eﬃciency, we also expect that we will be able tosigniﬁcantly increase the accumulated statistics withrespect to the previous experiment. The data analysisof the new set of data has started and we expect toobtain preliminary results within fall 2016.

The ﬁrst experiment on the application of the Trojan Horse Method1,2) was to measure the cross section of an astrophysically important reaction, namely
18
F(p, α)15 O at nova energies3,4) via the 18 F(p, α15 O)nreaction with three bodies in the ﬁnal state, using aradioactive beam. This experiment has been recently
published in Ref. 5 and it is also presented in thisreport.6) Indeed, the whole idea of the Trojan Horse
Method is to study a suitably chosen reaction proceeding via a quasi-free mechanism with three body in theﬁnal state, in the present case 18 F(d, α15 O)n, in order
to infer pieces of information on the process of astrophysical interest, 18 F(p, α)15 O in this case.
In order to improve the statistics as well as the quality of data, a new measurement was performed at
the RIKEN Nishina Center using the CRIB apparatus from the University of Tokyo during OctoberNovember 2015. As in the previous work, the primarybeam of 18 O delivered by the AVF cyclotron was used
to produce a 18 F radioactive beam with intensity inthe range of 105 -106 pps. After the standard CRIB
apparatus, the radioactive beam of 18 F was tracked
by two PPACs and ﬁnally used to bombard thin (100200 µg/cm2 ) CD2 targets. The distance between the
PPACs was optimized on the basis of the experienceacquired in the previous experiment. In addition, thedetection system based on the ASTRHO (A Silicon Array for Trojan HOrse) setup7) was upgraded. In particular eight double position sensitive silicon detectors(45 × 45 mm2 active area, 500 µm thick) mounted on asquare geometry were used to detect outgoing particles
with an exit angle of roughly 10 to 40 deg. Anotherset of two double sided multi strip silicon detectors (50× 50 mm2 , 500 µm thick) was used to detect particles
with exit angles ranging from approximately 4 to 10

References
1) R. E. Tribble et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 106901 (2014).
2) S. Cherubini et al., ApJ, 457, 855, (1996).
3) A. S. Adekola et al., Phys. Rev., C83 052801 (R) (2011).
4) A. M. Laird et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 032502 (2013).
5) S. Cherubini et al., Phys. Rev. C 92, 015805 (2015)6) S. Cherubini et al., in this report.
7) S. Cherubini et al., ASTRHO: an Array of Silicons for
TRojan HOrse studies with RIBs, in preparation.

∗1

INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania,
Catania, Italy∗3 Riken, Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan∗4 Università di Enna KORE, Enna, Italy∗5 Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, Japan∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan∗7 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
Republic of Korea∗8 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea∗9 30 MeV Cyclotron Center, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, Hoan
Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam∗10 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Fı́sica, Departamento de Fı́sica Nuclear, São Paulo, Brasil∗11 TUM, Garching, Germany∗2- 63 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)17

F elastic scattering and total reaction cross section on 58 Ni target
around Coulomb barrier

C. J. Lin,∗1 L. Yang,∗1 N. R. Ma,∗1 H. M. Jia,∗1 H. Yamaguchi,∗2 M. Mazzocco,∗3∗4 L. J. Sun,∗1 D. X. Wang,∗1
S. Hayakawa,∗2 D. Kahl,∗2 S. M. Cha,∗5 G. X. Zhang,∗6 F. Yang,∗1 Y. Y. Yang,∗7 C. Signorini,∗3∗4
Y. Sakaguchi,∗2 K. Abe,∗2 A. Kim,∗5 K. Y. Chae,∗5 M. S. Kwag,∗5 D. Pierroutsakou,∗4 C. Parascandolo,∗4
M. La Commara,∗4∗8 E. Strano∗4∗9
3500

The reaction mechanisms of weakly bound nuclear
systems have attracted much attention lately1) . Because of the small binding energy, the weakly boundprojectiles can easily break up into smaller fragments
when they interact with the target2) . Moreover, theconsequence of the breakup channel on the fusion
process is still controversial3) . Therefore, a detailed
knowledge on the breakup process is important fora deep understanding of the reaction mechanism of
weakly bound systems.
In view of this fact, 17 F4) was chosen to study thebreakup mechanism of the 17 F+58 Ni system. For thispurpose, a new detector array has been designed, toperform a complete-kinematics measurement. The array consists of ten detector units, each of which contains one ion chamber (IC), followed by one double-sidesilicon detector (DSSD), and two thick quartered silicon detectors (QSDs). Based on this array, the energy
and angle correlations between the breakup fragments
can be measured to reconstruct the intermediate stateof the breakup process. The elastic scattering and other reaction channels can also be measured to investigate the total reaction cross-section. The resolution of
single detector unit is around 4%. Thus, the inelastic channel may not be distinguished. However, theinﬂuence can be estimated because there is only one
excited state below the breakup threshold of 17 F.
The experiment was performed at the CRIB (CNS Radio Isotope Beam) separator from Dec.10 to19, 2015. The radioactive 17 F was produced by the2
H(16 O,17 F) reaction using a 6.6 MeV/u 16 O primary beam impinging on a H2 gas target. Four diﬀerent
17
F secondary beam energies were obtained. The former, 59.7 MeV, was achieved with a gas pressure of
254 torr and a Al degrader with a thickness of 5 µm.
By increasing the gas pressure and Al degrader up to
262 torr and 12 µm, as well as 316 torr and 17 µm, thebeam energies of 49.7 MeV and 46 MeV were obtained,
respectively. The latter, 65 MeV, was achieved with a
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

∆E1 (channel)

3000
2500
2000
1500

17

1000

16

O

F

500
500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000

2500

3000

3500

ER1 (channel)

2000∆E2 (channel)

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000

p

800
600
400
200

500

1000

1500

ER2 (channel)

Fig. 1. Identiﬁcation of particles yielding from 17 F+58 Ni at
Elab (17 F)=59.7 MeV. Symbols ∆E1 and ER1 represent
the IC and DSSD, respectively, and ∆E2 and ER2 are
the two QSDs. The horizontal tail of 17 F arises fromthe radiation damage and/or channeling eﬀect of thesolid detector.

gas pressure of 250 torr and without a degrader. After
selection by the WF and tracked by two PPACs, thesecondary beam, with an intensity of 6-10×105 pps,
was then impinged on the secondary target, 58 Ni, witha thickness of 1 mg/cm2 . The identiﬁcation of particles obtained using the ﬁrst detector unit (θlab from
15.2◦ to 30.5◦ ) is shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen that17
F, 16 O, and p can be distinguished clearly.
The data analysis is in progress now.
References

Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic
EnergyCenter for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
University of Padova
INFN
Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
Department of Physics, Beihang University
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Naples
University of Catania

1) N. Keeley, R. Raabe, N. Alamanos, and J. L. Sida:
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 59, 579 (2007).
2) N. Keeley, N. Alamanos, K. W. Kemper and K. Rusek:
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 63, 396 (2009).
3) J. F. Liang and C. Signorini: Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 14,1121 (2005).
4) M. Mazzocco, C. Signorini, D. Pierroutsakou et al.:Phys. Rev. C 82, 054604 (2010).

- 64 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15 O
A. Kim,∗1,∗2 D. H. Kim,∗1 G. W. Kim,∗1 S. Y. Park,∗1 E. K. Lee,∗1 K. I. Hahn,∗1 K. Y. Chae,∗2 S. W. Hong,∗2
S. M. Cha,∗2 M. S. Gwak,∗2 E. J. Lee,∗2 J. H. Lee,∗2 J. Y. Moon,∗3 S. H. Choi,∗4 S. H. Bae,∗4 H. Yamaguchi,∗5
S. Hayakawa,∗5 Y. Sakaguchi,∗5 K. Abe,∗5 N. Imai,∗5 N. Kitamura,∗5 O. Beliuskina,∗5 Y. Wakabayashi,∗6
S. Kubono,∗6 V. Panin,∗6 N. Iwasa,∗7 K. Daid,∗8 and A. A. Chen∗9
The γ rays emitted from novae are dominated bye+ -e− annihilation, of which main source is believed tobe the β + decay of 18 F. The amount of 18 F produced
in nova depends signiﬁcantly on the reaction rates of
18
F(p, α)15 O and 18 F(p, γ)19 Ne and the former one is
known as the most important destructive reaction.1)
This reaction rate is thought to be dominated by two
resonances, 3/2− and 3/2+ , which are located at Ex =6.74 MeV and 7.07 MeV in 19 Ne, respectively. In particular, the interference term between the strong 3/2+
state at 7.07 MeV and the other 3/2+ states aroundthe proton threshold (6.41 MeV) is known to aﬀect thereaction rate signiﬁcantly in the astrophysically important energy region.2) However, the 3/2+ states at Ex= 6.42 and 6.45 MeV are still controversial while the3/2− state at 665 keV above the proton threshold wasobserved clearly.2–6) Therefore, to conﬁrm the energies
and J π assignments of these resonances, the study of
19
Ne using 15 O + α would be very useful because alpha threshold energy(3.53 MeV) is much lower thanthe proton threshold energy(6.41 MeV).
A measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15 O
was performed using the thick target method, which
can provide a continuous excitation function in inverse
kinematics because energy loss occurs steadily throughthick gas cell ﬁlled with 4 He. The primary beam, 15 N
(7.0 MeV/u, 0.6 pµA), was transported from the AVF
cyclotron of the RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility
to the low-energy RI beam separator, called CRIB at
the Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo7)
and impinged on a hydrogen gas target with a thicknessof 1.09 mg/cm2 . The primary target was cooled to 90
K by liquid nitrogen in order to prevent the target
window from breaking due to heat.8)
The secondary beam, 15 O, was obtained by the15p( N,n)15 O reaction. The 15 O beam was selectively
puriﬁed by a Wien ﬁlter system so that the beam purity was 99.9% at the focal plane (F3) of CRIB as
shown in Fig. 1.
The ﬁnal intensity of 15 O beam was 6 × 105 counts/s
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

Fig. 1. Secondary beam distribution in F3 after Wien filter.

at the target. The F3 chamber was ﬁlled with the helium gas of 600 Torr, which was maintained at room
temperature. For detecting the recoiling alpha particles, two sets of the ∆E-E telescope at 0◦ and 15◦
were installed in the F3 chamber, which was locatedat a distance of 200 mm from the entrance window of
the chamber. The eﬀective target thickness was 2.63
mg/cm2 . The thicknesses of two detectors are 20 µm
and 480 µm, respectively. The energy of the 15 O beam
was well-deﬁned with 36.0±0.5 MeV after the entrance
window (Mylar 20 µm-thick) of the F3 chamber, whichmeans the measured energy was Ex =3.53-11.13 MeV
in 19 Ne. For subtraction of the background, we performed the measurement of 15 O + Ar using Ar gas
target. The data are being currently analyzed.
References
1) M. Hernanz et al., Astrophys. J. 526, L97 (1999).
2) C. E. Beer et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 042801(R) (2011).
3) D. W. Bardayan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 262501(2002).
4) A. St. J. Murphy et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 058801 (2009).
5) K. Y. Chae et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 012801(R) (2006).
6) A. M. Laird et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 032502 (2013).
7) Y. Yanagisawa et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 30, 183(2001).
8) H. Yamaguchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
Sect. A 589, 150 (2008).

Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University
Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University
RISP, Institute of Basic Science
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Tohoku
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh
Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University- 65 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RI
RI beambeam production
productionat
at BigRIPSBigRIPS inin 2015
2015
Y. Shimizu,*1 N. Fukuda,*1 H. Takeda,*1 H. Suzuki,*1 D.S. Ahn,*1 T. Sumikama,*1 D. Murai,*1,*2 N. Inabe,*1
T. Komatsubara,*1 K. Kusaka,*1 M. Ohtake,*1 Y. Yanagisawa,*1 K. Yoshida,*1 and T. Kubo*1
110

Zr, 100Kr, 94Se, 88Ge, and 84Zn. The polarized 2H beam
experiment was performed to investigate the three nucleon
force. The 78Kr primary beam was provided for the firsttime. We have measured the production yields and the
production cross sections for a variety of RI beams
produced by projectile fragmentation of the 78Kr beam2).
Highly proton-rich isotopes, such as 67Kr, 63Se, and 59Ge,
from the 78Kr beam were delivered to the EURICA
experiments. Search for new proton-rich isotopes was
performed. The spring beam time ended with the Rare RI
Ring commissioning using the 78Kr primary beam.

The radioactive isotope (RI) beam production at the
BigRIPS fragment separator1) in 2015 is presented. Table 1
summarizes the experimental programs that involved theuse of the BigRIPS separator in this period and the RI
beams produced for each experiment.
The first uranium beam time started in March with the
ImPACT program at the ZeroDegree spectrometer. To study
the nuclear-transmutation reaction for the long-lived fission
products, 135Cs, 108,107Pd, 94,93Zr, and 90Sr were produced by
the in-flight fission of the 238U beam. The SEASTAR
campaign were performed to measure E(21+) energies ofTable 1. List of experimental programs together with RI beams produced at the BigRIPS separator in 2015.
Primary beam (Period)
238

U
345 MeV/nucleon(Mar. 26 – May 8)
2H
190 MeV/nucleon(May 12 – May 16)
78Kr
345 MeV/nucleon(May 24 – Jun. 22)

238U
345 MeV/nucleon(Oct. 20 – Nov. 14)

48Ca
345 MeV/nucleon(Nov. 19 – Dec. 4)*1*2

Proposal No.
IMPACT14-01
NP1406-RIBF126
NP1306-RIBF98R1
MS-EXP15-03
MS-EXP15-02
NP1312-RIBF18R1 (SEASTAR)
PE15-01

CourseZeroDegree
ZeroDegree
ZeroDegree
BigRIPSBigRIPS
ZeroDegree
ZeroDegree

NP1112-RIBF65-02

BigRIPS

NP1112-RIBF94-02
NP0702-RIBF4R1
NP1112-RIBF82
NP1112-RIBF93
DA14-02-04
MS-EXP15-04
MS-EXP15-01
IMPACT15-01
MS-EXP15-06
MS-EXP15-07
MS-EXP15-08
MS-EXP15-09
NP1412-RIBF124R1
NP1306-RIBF99
MS-EXP15-10
MS-EXP15-11
NP1312-SAMURAI21
MS-EXP15-12

ZeroDegree
EURICAEURICAEURICABigRIPS
Rare RI Ring
ZeroDegree
SAMURAISAMURAISAMURAIBigRIPSBigRIPSF8F8BigRIPSSAMURAISAMURAI
Rare RI Ring

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 66 -

RI beams
Cs, 108,107Pd, 94,93Zr, 90Sr
77,73
Cu
136
Te
132
Sn
132
Sn
135

111

2

Nb, 101Rb, 95Br, 89As, 85Ga

H (primary beam)

72,70

Kr
Kr, 63Se, 59Ge, 51Ni
66,64
Se, 60Ge
71,70
Kr
59
Ge
78
Kr (primary beam)212
Ra, 136Sn
67

94,93

132

Zr, 80,79Se

Sn
Sn
76
Zn
99
Zr
48
Ca (primary beam)1
H
29Ne, 29F, 24O, 20F
38
K
132

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

performed so far. Figure 1 shows the RI beams produced at
the BigRIPS separator from March 2007 to December 2015
on the table of the nuclides. The number of RI beams
produced at the BigRIPS separator amounted to about 400.
The number of new isotopes reached about 140. Production
yields for more than 1400 RI beams have been measured.

The second uranium beam time started in October with
the ImPACT program at the SAMURAI spectrometer. A
machine study was conducted to investigate particle
identification and isotope separation in the region aroundatomic number Z = 883). 29Ne and 29F were produced byprojectile fragmentation of a 48Ca beam to study resonancestates of the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes 27,28O using the
SAMURAI spectrometer. The autumn beam time ended
with the Rare RI Ring experiment using the 38K RI beam.
The number of the experiments using the RI beams at the
BigRIPS separator is tallied in Table 2, for various primarybeams in each year. A total of 115 experiments have been

References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
2) H. Suzuki et al.: In this report.
3) T. Sumikama et al.: In this report

Table 2. Number of experiments performed using RI beams in each year.
Year

238

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total

4
2
3

U

4
6
4
11
15
49

124

Xe

86

Kr

78

Kr

70

Zn

1

1

Ca

4
3
10

2
3
2
7

48

6
6

1

4

1

3
4
28

2

18

O

1
2
6
3
12

16

O

14

N

3
2

4

He

1

1
1

5

1

2

H

1

1
1
3

Fig. 1. RI beams produced at the BigRIPS separator from March 2007 to December 2015.

- 67 -

Yearly
total
5
6
10
14
8
20
9
17
26
115

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production cross section measurement for radioactive isotopes
produced from 78Kr beam at 345 MeV/nucleon by BigRIPS
separator
H. Suzuki,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 D.S. Ahn,∗1 D. Murai,∗1,∗2 N. Inabe,∗1
K. Yoshida,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 Z. Korkulu,∗1 T. Komatsubara,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 andT. Kubo∗1∗1∗2

Production cross section (mb)

We have measured the production rates and the production cross sections for a variety of radioactive isotopes (RIs), which were produced from a 78 Kr beamat an energy of 345 MeV/nucleon using the BigRIPS
separator1), for the first time. Proton-rich isotopes
with atomic numbers Z = 22−37 were produced by
the projectile fragmentation of the primary beam on a
5-mm-thick Be production target. The particle identification of RIs was based on the TOF-Bρ-∆E methodin the second stage of the BigRIPS2) .
The production cross sections were deduced from themeasured production rates and the transmission efficiency in the BigRIPS separator, which was simulatedwith the calculation code LISE++3) . In the LISE++
simulation, the parametrization for momentum distribution of the RIs was adjusted, because the exponential tails in the low-momentum regions observed in theexperiment fell off faster than those calculated by the
LISE++ with the original parametrization. In preliminary, we used the parameters of the momentum distribution, which were obtained in the production crosssection measurement of proton-rich nuclei produced
from the 345-MeV/nucleon 124 Xe beam. The parameters of the angular distribution were not changed fromthe original values in the code.
Figure 1 shows the production cross sections of RIs
obtained in the 78 Kr-beam campaign. The solid anddashed lines in Fig. 1 show the cross sections predicted from the empirical formulae EPAX3.1a4) and
EPAX2.155) , respectively. EPAX3.1a predicts the
cross sections better than EPAX2.15, which overestimates most of them. The measured cross sections of
RIs with a wide range of Z are fairly well reproduced
by EPAX3.1a; however, some isotopes show systematic
discrepancies around the very neutron-deficient region.
In the case of 67 Kr, which is the most neutron-deficient
Kr isotope in our measurement, the experimental crosssection is (3.2 ± 1.4) × 10−12 mb (preliminary), whilethe value calculated using the EPAX3.1a formula is4.25 × 10−10 mb. Further, we also observe that the discrepancy becomes significant with increasing Z number. These discrepancies were also observed in protonrich RIs produced from the 345-MeV/nucleon 124 Xe
beam6) .

10

2

10

0

(a)
Ti

Ge

Zn

Ni

Fe

Cr

Se
Kr

-2

10

10-4
10-6
10-8

10-12

nary

limi

10-10

Pre
40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

Mass number(b)Production cross section (mb)

102

V

100

Co

Mn

Cu

Ga

As
Br
Rb

10-2
10-4
10-6
-8

10

10

10-12

y

inar

-10

lim
Pre
40

45

50

Experiment
EPAX3.1a
EPAX2.15
55
60
65
Mass number

70

75

80

Fig. 1. Production cross sections of RIs produced in the78
Kr + Be reaction at 345 MeV/nucleon with the predictions of EPAX parametrizations (Preliminary). (a)Results for even-Z isotopes. (b) Results for odd-Z isotopes. Solid and dashed lines show the values predictedusing the EPAX3.1a and EPAX2.15 formulae, respectively.

References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 204, 97(2003).
2) N. Fukuda et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B
317, 323 (2013).
3) O.B.Tarasov, D.Bazin: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B
266, 4657 (2008) (references therein; LISE++ site,
http://lise.nscl.edu, Michigan State University)4) K. Sümmer: Phys. Rev. C 86, 014601 (2012).
5) K. Sümmer and B. Blank: Phys. Rev. C 61, 034607(2000).
6) H. Suzuki et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B
317, 756 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 68 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production cross-section
cross-section measurements
Production
measurementsfor
forthethesystematics
systematicsofofNa
Naand
andMg
Mg
48
48
isotopes with
with Ca beam
beam
isotopes
D. S. Ahn,＊1 N. Fukuda,＊1 H. Suzuki,＊1 T. Sumikama,＊1 Y. Shimizu,＊1 T. Takeda,＊1 D. Murai,＊1, *2 N. Inabe,＊1
K. Yoshida,＊1 K. Kusaka,＊1 Y. Yanagisawa,＊1 M. Ohtake,＊1 T. Komatsubara,＊1 H. Sato,＊1 and T. Kubo＊1
Na and Mg isotopes were produced by projectile
fragmentation of a 48Ca beam at an energy of 345
MeV/nucleon using the BigRIPS separator 1). We measured
the systematics of the production cross-section for Na and
Mg isotopes in an unstable isotope region toward a very
neutron-rich region. The systematics are useful to predictthe production rates of rare isotopes. In addition, we
performed a drip-line search of Na isotopes. The drip-line isimportant to understand the nuclear structure and thebenchmark for nuclear models in a very neutron-richregion.
The B was tuned for each isotope in each setting and the39
Na isotope was obtained using the B tuned for the center
orbit of 36Ne and 39Na isotopes (“36Ne + 39Na setting”). The
same target (Be: 20 mm) and the same thick degraders wereused for the F1 (Al: 15 mm) and F5 (Al: 7 mm) degraders.
The F5 degrader was used to reject the light particles.
Particle identification was performed using the TOF-B-E
method and the background events were eliminated using
various correlations of the difference observable from eachbeam line detector 2),3). The production cross-sections of
27-39
Na and 29-40Mg isotopes were measured and the results
for the 40Mg isotope were higher than those obtained with
the NSCL4) measurement. The heaviest known isotopes are
37
Na and 40Mg. One event of the 39Na isotope was detectedin the “36Ne + 39Na setting” with an irradiation time of 9.4 h.
The error of the event is large, hence it is difficult todetermine whether 39Na is bound. The nuclear binding of
39
Na is still an open question, and more experimental data
for the 39Na isotope are needed to unambiguously establish
the nuclear binding of 39Na. We obtained the production
cross-section for one event for 39Na as a preliminary result.
The detailed analysis is in progress. Figure 1 and 2 show the
production cross-sections of Na and Mg isotopes,
respectively, toward the very neutron-rich region. The redand blue circles represent the experimental results obtained
from the 2015 and 2014 experiments in Figure 1 and 2015
and 2010/2014 experiments in Figure2, respectively. These
are the preliminary results. The black line represents theempirical formula of the EPAX 2.155) parameterizations in
the LISE++ calculation6). Overall, our experimental resultsof the production cross-sections are in good agreement with
the EPAX 2.15 parameterization in the region of 27-37Na and
29-38
Mg. However, the measured production cross-sectionsof the 39Na and 40Mg isotopes are smaller than the EPAX
2.15 parameterizations and a large discrepancy exists in the
production cross-section.
＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 69 -

Fig. 1. Preliminary results of production cross-sections of
Na isotopes toward the very neutron-rich region. The redand blue circles represent the experimental results obtained
from the 2015 and 2014 experiments, respectively. The
black line represents the EPAX 2.15 parameterizations.

Fig. 2. Preliminary results of production cross-sections of
Mg isotopes toward the very neutron-rich region. The redand blue circles represent the experimental results obtained
from the 2015 and 2010/2014 experiments, respectively.
The black line represents the EPAX 2.15 parameterizations.
References

1) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B204, 97(2003).
2) N. Fukuda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B317, 323(2013).
3) D. S. Ahn et al., to be submitted.
4) T. Baumann et al., Nature 449, 1022-1024 (2007).
5) K. Sümmer and B. Blank, Phys. Rev. C 61, 034607 (2000)
6) O. B. Tarasov and D. Bazin, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res.
B266, 4657 (2008).

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RI-beam production using BigRIPS separator in regions heavier thanthose belonging to lead isotope
T. Sumikama,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 D. S. Ahn,∗1 D. Murai,∗2
H. Sato,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 and T. Kubo∗1
95

The regions of the nuclear chart that are heavier
in terms of atomic weight, i.e. with an atomic number Z ∼ 80 and more, are the key to understand thenucleosynthesis of elements up to uranium. In our previous study,1) an RI beam with Z > 80 was produced
using the projectile-fragmentation reaction of a 238 U
beam at RIBF. A 0.3-mm thick degrader was used in
the BigRIPS separator2) for the RI beam separation,
but a large amount of ﬁssion fragments unexpectedly
decreased a purity. In the present study, an RI beamheavier than the lead isotope was produced using athicker degrader, with a thickness of 2 mm, to eliminate the ﬁssion fragments.
The RI beam around 208
86 Rn was produced via theprojectile-fragmentation reaction of a 345-MeV/u 238 U
beam. The production target was a 3-mm thick
Be. To separate the primary 238 U beam, the He-likeions (charge-state Q = Z − 2) were selected at theﬁrst dipole D1. The 2-mm-thick wedge degrader wasplaced at the ﬁrst momentum dispersive focal plane
F1, and the fully-stripped ions were selected at thesecond dipole D2 after F1. Under these conditions,the charge-state combination for the ﬁssion fragmentswith Z < 60 was restricted to Li-like and fully stripped
ions at D1 and D2, respectively, or Z − Q ≥ 4 at D1.
Due to a low probability of these combinations, the ﬁssion fragments were separated very well. The second
wedge degrader with a thickness of 1 mm was usedin the middle of the second stage of BigRIPS for further puriﬁcation. The He-like ions were selected at
all the dipole magnets used in the second stage. The
particle-identiﬁcation (PID) plot measured at the second stage of BigRIPS is shown in Fig. 1 (a). The
contaminants in the form of the ﬁssion fragments were
negligibly eliminated. The PID was conﬁrmed by the γrays emitted from a known isomeric state in 208 Rn, as
shown in Fig. 1 (b). The high purity of 208 Rn allowed
us to complete the γ-ray measurement within 30 minutes. Figure 2 shows the mass to charge ratio for the
Rn isotopes. Each Rn isotope was well separated fromthe others. A small component with a diﬀerent charge
state may be included within the width of the distribution because the A/Q of the nucleus with A = 208
and Q = 84, for example, is very close to that with
A = 203 and Q = 82 or A = 213 and Q = 86. To distinguish the charge states, the total kinetic energy wasmeasured by using six stacked Si detectors, each witha thickness of 1 mm. This analysis is still in progress.
∗1
∗2

(a)

90
102

Z

85
208
84+
86Rn12280
30Counts

75

70
2.36

2.38

2.4

2.42

2.44

2.46

636 keV
778 keV

10
0

2.48

10

325 keV

(b)

20

0

200

400

600

800 1000

Energy (keV)

2.5

2.52

2.54

1

2.56

A/ Q

Fig. 1. (a) Particle identification plot for the RI beam measured at the second stage of BigRIPS. The atomic number Z versus the mass to charge ratio is shown. (b) The
γ-ray energy spectrum of the known isomeric state in
208
Rn, indicated by the circle in (a). Three γ-ray peaks
can be clearly observed.

207

208

84+

84+

209

Rn

206

Rn

10

205

84+

Rn

84+

210

Rn

3

84+

Rn

84+

Counts

Rn

102

204

211

84+

Rn

84+

Rn

10

206 83+ 211 85+/ 87 Fr
85 At

1
2.4

2.42

2.44

2.46

2.48

2.5

2.52

2.54

A/ Q

Fig. 2. Mass to charge ratio of the radon isotope (Z = 86)
obtained from Fig. 1 (a) with the gate of 85.8 < Z <86.2. The radon isotopes with Q = 84 were observed
between the masses 204 and 211, as can be seen for the83+ 211/ 87 Fr85+ shows aisotopes labeled using lines. 206
85 At
typical example of the contaminants for isotopes with
Z = 85 and 87.

References
1) N. Inabe et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., Vol. 48(2015), p. 73.
2) T. Kubo et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 03C003 (2012).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 70 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of a slowed-down beam of 82 Ge at RIBF
T. Sumikama,∗1 D. S. Ahn,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1
N. Aoi,∗2 D. Beaumel,∗3 K. Hasegawa,∗4 E. Ideguchi,∗2 N. Imai,∗5 T. Kobayashi,∗4 M. Matsushita,∗5
S. Michimasa,∗5 H. Otsu,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗5 and T. Teranishi∗6
after beam-line detectors at F8 was measured by using the time of ﬂight between F8 and F9, as shown in
Fig. 3. The 82 Ge beam with the energy of 13 MeV/u atthe central trajectory was successfully produced. The
transmission eﬃciency from F2 to F8 was 2%. There
was a reduction of 1/10 mainly due to out of focus at
F7.

RI beams with around 15 MeV/u are necessary forthe study of the nuclear shell structure using the nucleon transfer reaction. The RI-beam energy at RIBF
is typically 250 MeV/u after the ﬁrst stage of the BigRIPS1) . The RI beam is slowed down using energy degraders. However, the control of the energy spread andthe beam size becomes diﬃcult due to the increase in
the beam emittance after the use of energy degraders.
Two methods were proposed to eﬃciently produce aslowed-down beam at RIBF. One is the slowed-down
method with the momentum-compression scheme2) ,and the second method is the use of an RF deﬂector,
called OEDO (Optimized Energy Degrading Optics for
RI beams).3) This paper reports on the ﬁrst test experiment to produce a slowed-down beam of 82 Ge with theenergy of 13 MeV/u using the momentum-compression
scheme.
The RI beam of 82 Ge was produced by the projectile fragmentation of the 238 U beam with the energyof 345 MeV/u. The primary target of beryllium witha thickness of 7 mm was used. A wedge degrader wasplaced at the momentum-dispersive focus F1 to purify
the RI beam, as shown in Fig. 1. The thickness for thecentral trajectory was 5 mm. A second wedge-shaped
degrader with a thickness of 2.0 mm was placed at
the momentum-dispersive focus F5. The wedge angle
was designed to compress the momentum spread. The
ion-optics mode obtained after using this degrader waschanged to achieve the momentum achromat. The momentum spread of 6% was compressed to 3%, as shownin Fig. 2. Three energy degraders were also placedat the achromatic foci, F2, F3, and F7. The energy

F0

Wedge
DegraderF3
BigRIPS

F4
Second
Stage

F6

F7

F10

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

δ F5F7 (%)

30

0

25

-2

15

20

10
5

-4

-2

0

δ F3F5 (%)

2

0

4

Fig. 2. Results of the momentum compression at the second stage of BigRIPS. δF 3F 5 and δF 5F 7 are (p − p0 )/p0
before and after using the momentum-compressive degrader, where p is the momentum and p0 is the momentum at the central trajectory.

20

E F8F9 (MeV/u)

10

F11

15

8

6

10

4

5

2

-2

-1

0

δ F5F7 (%)

1

2

3

0

Fig. 3. Energy after all beam-line detectors at F8 as a function of δ57 . The particle with −0.6 < δ57 < 1.5% wastransported to the ZeroDegree spectrometer.

F8
ZeroDegree

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the combination of degraders in
the BigRIPS and ZeroDegree separators. The wedgeshaped degrader was placed at the momentum dispersive foci, F1 and F5, of BigRIPS.
∗1

35

-4

Degrader (Flat plate)
F9

40

2

0
-3
F5

F1
F2
First
Stage

45

4

References
1) T. Kubo et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2012) 03C003.
2) T. Sumikama et al.: Energy focusing and RI-beam purification using two energy degraders at fragment separator BigRIPS, RNB8 conference, Grand Rapids, Michigan, May 26 − 30, 2009.
3) M. Matsushita et al.: New energy-degrading scheme
for low-energy reaction measurements of rare isotope
beams, EMIS conference, Grand Rapids, Michigan, May
11 − 15, 2015.

RIKEN Nishina Center
RCNP, Osaka University
INPO, CNRS/IN2PS
Department of Physics, Tohoku University
CNS, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Kyushu University- 71 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Target study for magnetic moment measurement of 40 Sc
Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗2 D. Nagae,∗1 Y. Abe,∗1 Y.E. Ichikawa,∗2 T. Moriguchi,∗2 S. Suzuki,∗2 Y. Tajiri,∗2 A. Ozawa,∗2
and H. Ueno∗1∗1∗2

Count [ / 8 ms ]We report a target study on the measurement of
the µ moment of 40 Sc using the β-ray detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) method1) at the
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University. In order to apply the β-NMR method, a spinpolarized nucleus is needed. A spin-polarized 40 Sc nu→
cleus was produced in the 40 Ca(−p ,n)40 Sc reaction. In
the reaction, the polarization of the beam particles was→transferred to each nucleus. The −p was produced using a polarized ion source2) , and it was accelerated at
E/A = 72 MeV using an AVF cyclotron. The polarized proton beam was implanted on a CaS, a CaO, anda CaF2 target to produce polarized 40 Sc. The targets
were placed at the center of the β-NMR apparatus atroom temperature.
The higher the purity of 40 Sc, the more eﬃciently it
can be measured; therefore, we performed purity measurement and comparison of the three targets. The βray emitted from 40 Sc were detected with plastic scintillator telescopes located above and below the targets.
In order to deduce the purity of the 40 Sc, half-lives
were measured using three targets. Figure 1(a), 1(b),and 1(c) are β-decay time spectra obtained using CaS,
CaO, and CaF2 targets, respectively. The time spectra obtained from the accumulated β rays in the 40 Sc
experiment were ﬁtted with two or three exponentialfunctions in addition with a constant background arising from the long-lived impurities. The least squares
method was applied to the analysis. The results of theﬁtting analysis are shown in Fig. 1(a), 1(b), and 1(c).
The obtained half-lives were slightly longer than thereported half-life of 182.3(7) ms. The estimated impurities of 32 Cl(T1/2 = 298 ms), 29 P(T1/2 = 4.142 s),
13
N(T1/2 = 9.965 m), and 37 K(T1/2 = 1.225 s) havemuch longer half-lives than that of 40 Sc. Thus, the 40 Sc→
isotopes were correctly produced in the 40 Ca(−p ,n)40 Sc
40reaction. The purities of the Sc are obtained to be
+33
23+36
−23 %, 23−23 %, and 37±4% using CaS, CaO, andCaF2 targets, respectively.
From the half-life measurements, the purity of the40
Sc using CaF2 was determined to be the highest. Thus, we applied a CaF2 target for the measurement of the µ moment of 40 Sc by the β-NMR
method. In order to maintain the spin polarization,a static magnetic ﬁeld B = 543 mT was applied. The
up/down ratio R of the β-ray counts is written as
R0 ∼ a(1 + Aβ P )/(1 − Aβ P ), where a, Aβ , and P
denote a constant factor representing asymmetries incounter solid angle and eﬃciencies, the β-ray asym-

Short life
contamination
40

100

Count [ / 8 ms ](a) CaS

1000

0

100

Long life
contamination

Sc(T1/2 ~ 210 ms)

200

300

400

500

Short life
contamination
40

800

0

100

200

Long life
contamination

Sc(T1/2 ~ 210 ms)
300

400

500

Time [ ms ]

10000

600

700

800

(c) CaF2
Constant background

1000

100

700

(b) CaO

1000

100

Count [ / 4 ms ]600

Time [ ms ]0

Short life
contamination

40Sc(T1/2 ~ 234 ms)

50

200

100

150

250

Time [ ms ]

300

350

400

Fig. 1. β decay spectra for 40 Sc.

metry parameter, and the degree of spin-polarization,
respectively. An oscillating magnetic ﬁeld perpendicular to the static ﬁeld was applied to the CaF2
target using an rf coil. If the frequency of the rf
ﬁeld corresponds to the resonance ﬁeld for the spinpolarized 40 Sc, the direction of the spin polarization ischanged by the NMR. Then, the ratio changes to R ∼a(1 − Aβ P )/(1 + Aβ√
P ). The β-ray√asymmetry Aβ P iswritten as Aβ P = (R0 /R) − 1/ (R0 /R) + 1. Theµ moment is derived from the frequency of the observed peak or dip in the Aβ P spectrum. The analysis
is in progress.
References
1) K. Sugimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 21, 213 (1966).
2) K. Hatanaka et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 217, 397(1983).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba- 72 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Giant dipole resonance built on hot rotating nuclei produced during
evaporation of light particles from the 88 Mo compound nucleus†
M. Ciema�la,∗1,2 M. Kmiecik,∗1 A. Maj,∗1 K. Mazurek,∗1 A. Bracco,∗3,4 V.L. Kravchuk,∗5,6 G. Casini,∗7
S. Barlini,∗7,8 G. Baiocco,∗9 L. Bardelli,∗7,8 P. Bednarczyk,∗1 G. Benzoni,∗4 M. Bini,∗7,8 N. Blasi,∗4
S. Brambilla,∗4 M. Bruno,∗9 F. Camera,∗3,4 S. Carboni,∗7,8 M. Cinausero,∗5 A. Chbihi,∗2 M. Chiari,∗7,8
A. Corsi,∗3,4 F.C.L. Crespi,∗3,4 M. D’Agostino,∗9 M. Degerlier,∗5 B. Fornal,∗1 A. Giaz,∗3,4 F. Gramegna,∗5
M. Krzysiek,∗1 S. Leoni,∗3,4 T. Marchi,∗5 M. Matejska-Minda,∗1,10 I. Mazumdar,∗11 W. Meczyński,∗1
B. Million,∗4 D. Montanari,∗3,4 L. Morelli,∗9 S. Myalski,∗1 A. Nannini,∗7,8 R. Nicolini,∗3,4 G. Pasquali,∗7,8
S. Piantelli,∗7 G. Prete,∗5 O.J. Roberts,∗12 Ch. Schmitt,∗2 J. Styczeń,∗1 B. Szpak,∗1 S. Valdré,∗7,8
B. Wasilewska,∗1 O. Wieland,∗4 J.P. Wieleczko,∗2 M. Ziebliński,∗1 J. Dudek,∗13 and N. Dinh Dang∗14
Studying the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) properties at high temperature and increasing angular momentum is one of the most important tools to investigate the nuclear structure under extreme conditions.
The evolution of the GDR width with angular momentum and temperature reﬂects the role played byquantal and thermal ﬂuctuations in the mechanism of
damping of the giant resonance. To test predictions of
damping mechanisms in a more comprehensive way,
the GDR studies should be based on exclusive andrather complete measurements, which include, in addition to γ-rays, the detection of the recoiling residual nuclei and emitted particles. The present article reports on an exclusive experiment performed tomeasure the GDR width of the 88 Mo nucleus, produced in the reaction 48 Ti + 40 Ca at 300 and 600
MeV bombarding energies, which correspond to theaverage temperatures T = 2.1 and 3 MeV, respectively. The data were analyzed using the statisticalmodel Monte Carlo code GEMINI++. It allowed extracting the GDR parameters by ﬁtting the high energy γ-ray spectra. The GDR strength functions andextracted GDR widths were compared with theoretical predictions based on the Lublin-Strasbourg-Drop(LSD) macroscopic model, supplemented with thermal shape ﬂuctuations analysis (LSD+TFM)1) , and
the Phonon Damping Model (PDM)2) . These predic-

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the GDR width. The
experimental values (full squares) are compared withthe predictions of the LSD+TFM (triangles) and PDM(circles). The results of calculations based on the
LSD+TFM used either GDR width at T = 0 equal toΓ0 =5 MeV (full triangles) or Γ(T ) = Γ0 + ΓCN (opentriangles) with the T -dependent evaporation widthΓCN . The experimentally extracted GDR widths arebounded in the shaded areas determined by the widthof the experimental temperature distributions and thevertical error bars. The straight lines connecting thetheoretical predictions are drawn to guide the eyes.

†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C. 91, 054313(2015)∗1 Department of the Structure of Atomic Nucleus, Instituteof Nuclear Physics PAN∗2 GANIL∗3 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Milano∗4 INFN sezione di Milano, Milano∗5 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro∗6 Kurchatov institute, National Research Centre ”Kurchatov
Institute”∗7 INFN sezione di Firenze∗8 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Firenze∗9 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Bologna
and INFN sezione di Bologna∗10 Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw∗11 Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics,Tata Instituteof Fundamental Research∗12 Department of Physics, University of York
∗13 Physics Department, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert
Curien and Université de Strasbourg∗14 RIKEN Nishina Centertions were convoluted with the population matrices of
evaporated nuclei from the statistical model. As it canbe seen from the comparison (Fig. 1), the theoretical predictions by both models are in a rather good
agreement with the experimental data, especially at
the highest energy. A possible onset of a saturation of
the GDR width was observed around T = 3 MeV.
References
1) K. Pomorski, J. Dudek, Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 044316.
J. Dudek, K. Pomorski, N.Schunck and N. Dubray,
Eur. Phys. J. A 20 (2004) 15.
2) N. Dinh Dang and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998)
4145; N. Dinh Dang, Phys. Rev. C 85 (2012) 064323.

- 73 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Experimental investigation on the temperature dependence of thenuclear level density parameter†
B. Dey,∗1 D. Pandit,∗1 S. Bhattacharya,∗2 K. Banerjee,∗1 N. Quang Hung,∗3 N. Dinh Dang,∗4 D. Mondal,∗1
S. Mukhopadhyay,∗1 S. Pal,∗1 A. De,∗5 and S.R. Banerjee∗1
Recently there have been ample experimental eﬀorts
to comprehend the spin dependence of the level density
parameter a = k −1 . In a few measurements of angular momentum J gated neutron evaporation spectrain A ∼ 119, 97, and 62, it was seen that the value ofthe inverse level density parameter k decreased withincreasing J, which indicated that the level density
increases with J. On the other hand, the values k
extracted from the α evaporation spectra in the mass
regions of A ∼ 180 and 120 are either constant or increase with J. However, theoretical calculations for
similar masses show that k should increase with J for
all the systems. Thus, extremely exciting but conﬂicting experimental results on the spin dependence of thelevel density parameter motivate one to carry out further investigations.
This work reports on the angular momentum gatedneutron evaporation spectra at diﬀerent excitation energies (30 – 50 MeV) for the reaction 4 He + 93 Nb. The
speciﬁc advantage of using a light-ion reaction is thatthe major residues are of similar nature and in our casethey are 93−95 Tc, depending on the excitation energyof the compound nucleus. However, for excitation energies above 42 MeV, another channel contributes (∼20%) due to (α, α2n) populating 91 Nb. Nevertheless,the deformations of all the nuclei populated in the decay chain are similar and of the order of β ∼ 0.05. The
shell eﬀects are also very small and similar. Therefore,
the neutron evaporation spectra will have the contribution from similar kind of nuclei only.
The experiment was performed at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (Kolkata) using the α beamfrom the K-130 cyclotron. A self-supporting 1 mg/cm2
thick target of 99.9% pure 93 Nb target was used. Four
diﬀerent beam (4 He) energies of 28, 35, 42, and 50 MeV
were used to populate the compound nucleus 97 Tc at
the excitation energies of 29.3, 36.0, 43.0, and 50.4
MeV, respectively. The maximum populated angularmomenta for fusion were 16, 18, 19, and 20h̄, respectively. The evaporated neutrons from the compound
nucleus were detected by a liquid organic scintillator(BC501A) based neutron detector that was placed at
a distance of 1.5 m from the target position and at anangle of 125 degrees to the beam axis. The experimen†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of k compared with thecalculations of FTBCS and FTBCS1 theories.

tal data are compared with the predictions by several
theoretical models including those by the ﬁnite temperature (FT) BCS and FTBCS1 theories. The latter1) includes the eﬀect due to quasiparticle-number
ﬂuctuations beyond the FTBCS theory.
As can be seen from Fig. 1, the increase of k withtemperature T observed in the data is reproduced by
the results of theoretical calculations within the FTBCS and FTBCS1 theories. The agreement is betterfor the higher J window, whereas for the lower J window the theory underestimates the two data points at
T = 1.41 MeV (J = 15h̄) and 1.47 MeV (J = 13h̄).
The FTBCS and FTBCS1 predict similar results, indicating that pairing reentrance eﬀect, predicted by the
FTBCS1 theory at ﬁnite T band J, might have a minoreﬀect on k in this case. However, to have a thoroughunderstanding of the eﬀect of collectivity and pairing
reentrance on the decrease of k with increasing J, much
more theoretical and experimental studies are needed.
Moreover, it may be noted that the eﬀect of angularmomentum on k is not observed for higher masses but
is only apparent in low- and medium-mass A ≤ 120
nuclei. Hence, more experimental data at both highand low-mass regions are required to understand thisbehavior.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 91, 044326(2015)
Experimenatl Nuclear Physics Section, VECC
Faculty of Physics, Barasat Govt. College
School of Engineering, TanTao University
RIKEN Nishina center
Department of Physics, Raniganj Girls
College

Reference
1) N. Quang Hung and N. Dinh Dang, Phys. Rev. C 84
(2001) 054324- 74 -

2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Impurity eﬀects of the Λ particle on the 2α cluster states of 9 Be and
10Be†
M. Isaka∗1 and M. Kimura∗2
A unique and interesting aspect of hypernuclei isthe structure change caused by the addition of a Λparticle as an impurity, which is the so-called “impurity eﬀect.” From this point of view, the structure of
Be hyper-isotopes is of particular interest, because Be
isotopes have a 2α cluster core surrounded by valence
neutrons1–3) . For example, in 9 Be, the ﬁrst excitedstate 1/2+ is considered to have a 8 Be(0+ ) + n(s1/2 )conﬁguration, which can be regarded as a Hoyle analogue state with the replacement of an α particle by aneutron, while the ground state has a relatively compact 2α + n structure. In the neutron-rich side, exotic
structures associated with 2α clustering appear. In
10
Be, the coexistence of diﬀerent structures has been
discussed based on the concept of the molecular orbitsof valence neutrons around the 2α clustering4) . Since
the two valence neutrons are considered to occupy dif+−ferent molecular orbits in the 0+
states,1 , 02 , and 1
the degree-of-clustering varies depending on the neutron occupation. In particular, the 0+
2 state is considered to be largely deformed with a well-developed 2αcluster structure, whereas the ground state is rather
compact. Therefore, we can expect the modiﬁcationof the excitation spectra by the addition of a Λ particle. Furthermore, it is interesting to investigate thedynamical changes of these structures.
To investigate such phenomena, we applied an extended version of the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for hypernuclei, which we call HyperAMD5) ,11
to 10
Λ Be and Λ Be in the same manner as our previous
12
work for Λ Be6) .
Figures 1(a) and (b) compare the excitation spec11
tra of 10
Λ Be and Λ Be with those of the core nuclei. It
is clearly seen that the excited states of these hypernuclei are shifted up in the excitation spectra, namely+π
the positive-parity states in 10
Λ Be and the K = 02 ⊗Λ+
11band built on the 1/22 state in Λ Be. In other words,
the excitation energies of the well-pronounced 2α cluster states are increased signiﬁcantly. This is because
the energy gain of the Λ particle is considerably diﬀerent between the ground and these excited states. To
see the diﬀerence of the energy gain clearly, we calculate the binding energy of the Λ particle BΛ deﬁned
as,BΛ = E(J π ;A Be) − E(J π ⊗ Λ;AΛ Be),

the BΛ of the well-pronounced cluster states are muchsmaller than those of the ground states. The diﬀerenceof BΛ is mainly due to the diﬀerence in the deformationof each state, essentially coming from the degrees of the
2α clustering.
In this article, we also discuss the changes caused to
the 2α clustering by the addition of a Λ particle. It isfound that the Λ particle largely reduces the rms radiiof the excited states with large nuclear quadrupole deformation β, which mainly comes from the reductionof the inter-cluster distance between 2α.

Fig. 1. (a) Calculated excitation spectra of 9 Be and 10
Λ Be.
Be.
(c)
Calculated(b) Same as (a) but for 10 Be and 11
Λvalues of BΛ by using YNG-ESC08c as the ΛN inter11
action in 10
Λ Be (d) Same as (c) but for Λ Be.

References
1) S. Okabe, Y. Abe, and H. Tanaka, Prog. Theory. Phys.
57, 866 (1977).
2) N. Itagaki and S. Okabe, Phys. Rev. C61, 044306(2000).
3) Y. Kanada-En’yo, M. Kimura, and A. Ono, Prog.
Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 01A202 (2012).
4) Y. Kanada-En’yo, H. Horiuchi, and A. Doté, Phys. Rev.
C60, 064304 (1999).
5) M. Isaka, M. Kimura, A. Doté, and A. Ohnishi, Phys.
Rev. C83, 044323 (2011).
6) H. Homma, M. Isaka, and M. Kimura, Phys. Rev. C91,
014314 (2015).

(1)

for each state. In Figs. 1(c) and (d), it is found that†
∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 92, 044326(2015)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Hokkaido University- 75 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Excited states above the Hoyle state
Y. Funaki∗1[MeV]

In 12 C, there exists besides the Hoyle state (the second 0+ state of 12 C) a number of other α gas states
above the Hoyle state that one can qualify as excitedstates of the Hoyle state. For a description of thosestates, it is useful to adopt a generalized THSR wave
function1) , as the so-called THSR wave function2,3) is
known to be the best to describe the Hoyle state4) .
The part of the 3α THSR wave function that contains
the c.o.m. motion of the α particles contains two Jacobi coordinates ξ 1 and ξ 2 . As a natural extension of
the original THSR wave function, it is possible to associate two diﬀerent width parameters B1 , B2 with thetwo Jacobi coordinates. In this case the translationallyinvariant THSR wave function has the following form:
)
]
[
(
1 2
4 2
thsr
Ψ3α = A exp −ξ −ξ φ1 φ2 φ3 . (1)
3B12 1 B22 2

4+
4+

4+
4
4+
3

6.0

112

568

2+
3

4.0
2.0

601

4+
1

304

4+
2

95

591

39

0+
3

104

5.1

52

0+
4

(2+)
0+
2+

60

27

0+

2+
2

0+
0.73

11.7

−2.0

2+
4

0+
2

0.0

−4.0

26 12

295

35

2.6

0.97

9.5

0+
1

−8.0

2+
5.4

6.4

2+
1

−6.0

With this type of generalized THSR wave function, one
can get a much richer spectrum of 12 C. Axial symmetry
has been assumed and the four B parameters are taken
as Hill-Wheeler coordinates. In Fig. 1, the calculated
energy spectrum is shown. One can see that besides
the ground state band, there are many J π states obtained above the Hoyle state. All these states turnout to have large rms radii (3.7 ∼ 4.7 fm), and therefore can be considered as excitations of the Hoyle state.
The Hoyle state can thus be considered as the “groundstate” of a new class of excited states in 12 C. In par+ +ticular, the nature of the series of states (0+2 , 22 , 42 )++and the 03 and 04 states have recently been widely
discussed from the experimental side5–9) .
In Fig. 1, the E2 transition strengths between J
and J ± 2 states and monopole transitions between 0+
states are shown with corresponding arrows. We notethe very strong E2 transitions inside the Hoyle band,
+
+
+
2
4
B(E2; 4+2 → 22 ) = 591 e fm and B(E2; 22 → 02 )+2
4
= 295 e fm . The transition between the 22 and 0+
3+
2
4
states is also very large, B(E2; 2+
2 → 03 ) = 104 e fm .
There have been attempts to interpret the Hoyle bandas a rotational band of a spinning triangle as this was
successfully done for the ground state band10) . However, the situation may not be as straightforward as+
it seems11) . Since the two transitions 2+
2 → 02 and++
22 → 03 are of similar magnitude, no clear band headcan be identiﬁed. Whether they can be qualiﬁed as
members of a rotational band or of a vibrational bandor a mixture of both is an open question. One should
also realize that the 0+
3 state is strongly excited fromthe Hoyle state by monopole transition whose strengthis obtained from the extended THSR calculation to be++2
M (E0; 0+
3 → 02 ) = 35 fm . Therefore, the 03 state
∗1

(2+)

8.0

2.4

7.81

0+
Exp.

Fig. 1. Spectrum of 12 C obtained from the extended THSR
approach in comparison with experiment.

seems to be a state where one α particle has been liftedout of the condensate to the next higher S level with anode. This is conﬁrmed by the S 2 factor, which is calculted to be close to unity for the 12 C(0+1 )+α(S) chan+nel. We can also conclude that the 2+
3 and 43 states,+
together with the 03 state, form the higher nodal rotational band, from the Reduced Width Amplitude anal++
ysis. On the other hand, the 0+
4 , 24 and 44 states all
have the largest contribution from the 8 Be(2+ ) + α(D)channel, indicating that these states are built out of anα particle orbiting in a D-wave around a (correlated)
two α pair, also in a relative 0D state.
References
1) Y. Funaki et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 82, 78 (2015).
2) A. Tohsaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 192501 (2001).
3) Y. Funaki et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 108, 297 (2002).
4) Y. Funaki et al., Phys. Rev. C 67, 051306(R) (2003).
5) M. Itoh et al., Nucl. Phys. A 738, 268 (2004).
6) M. Itoh et al., Phys. Rev. C 84, 054308 (2011).
7) M. Freer et al., Phys. Rev. C 80, 041303(R) (2009).
8) W. R. Zimmerman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 152502(2013).
9) M. Freer et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 034314 (2011).
10) D. J. Maŕin-Lámbarri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113,012502 (2014).
11) Y. Funaki, Phys. Rev. C 92, 021302 (2015).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 76 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Shell-model ﬁts for N = 82 isotones
M. Honma,∗1 T. Otsuka,∗2,∗3,∗4 T. Mizusaki,∗5 Y. Utsuno,∗6,∗3 N. Shimizu,∗3 and M. Hjorth-Jensen∗4,∗7,∗8
Owing to the well-established shell gap at Z = 50
and 82, the shell model has been successfully applied
for describing the structure of the N = 82 isotones
with 50 < Z < 82 by taking the valence single-particle
orbits 0g7/2 , 1d5/2 , 0h11/2 , 2s1/2 and 1d3/2 on top of
an inert 132 Sn core. The N = 82 isotones show various interesting features. For example, the excitationenergy of the ﬁrst 2+ state increases as a function of
Z and shows a prominent maximum at Z = 64, suggesting the development of a subshell gap. The lighter
isotones with Z < 64 are dominated by mixed conﬁgurations of the lower two orbits (g7/2 and d5/2 ) withexcitations to the upper orbits, while for the heavier
ones the unique-parity high-j orbit h11/2 plays a crucial role. The systematics of yrast spectra and theproperty of some isomers are successfully explained by
the seniority scheme. In addition, the development of
the octupole collectivity has been observed in the lowlying states connected by strong E3 transitions.
It is interesting to investigate to what extent suchvariety of nuclear structures can be described within
the shell-model framework. The eﬀective interaction
is a key ingredient to address this problem, which canbe either determined purely empirically1) or derived
microscopically from the realistic nucleon-nucleon potential. The latter attempt has been extensively developed,2,3) and the importance of the three-body force
has been suggested to account for the deviation of
the shell-model results from the experimental observations. Another possible approach for a better description of the experimental data is to modify such a microscopically determined eﬀective interaction4) by ﬁtting
the calculated energies to the experimental data. In
this report, we present such ﬁtting calculations for the
N = 82 isotones. The similar analysis for Sn isotopes
was reported previously.5)
The single-particle energies of the d5/2 , d3/2 , andh11/2 orbits relative to the g7/2 are taken from the experimental energy spectra of 133 Sb,7) and only that of
the s1/2 orbit is determined by the ﬁt. Starting fromthe microscopically derived eﬀective interaction basedon the N3LO potential,6) we have carried out iterativeﬁtting calculations. In the latest ﬁt, 26 linear combina∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

tions of the ﬁt parameters (i.e. 160 two-body matrix
elements with A−0.3 mass dependence and the singleparticle energy of the s1/2 orbit) have been modiﬁed,
and we have attained a rms error of 142 keV for 338
energy data of 22 isotones.
Figure 1 illustrates the quality of the ﬁt. It canbe seen that the overall agreement between the shellmodel results and the experimental data is quite goodincluding the “magic”-like feature at Z=64. The ﬁt is
successful also for odd-Z cases. The semi-empirical approach presented here would be useful not only for the
analysis of experimental data but also as a reference forclarifying various eﬀects such as the three-body forcesthat are not included in the present microscopic approach. It is also interesting to extend the scope of
this interaction beyond the semi-magic nuclei by combining it with a suitable proton-neutron interaction.
6
5

12

N=82

+
+

Ex (MeV)

4
3
2
1
0

10

+

8

+

6

4

+
+

2

52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72
proton number

Fig. 1. Comparison of excitation energies of even-spin yrast
states between the experimental data (symbols) andthe shell-model results (lines). Experimental data aretaken from Ref.8) Open symbols indicate that the spinor parity assignment is uncertain. The shell-model results are obtained by using the eﬃcient shell-model code
MSHELL649) .

References
1) B. H. Wildenthal: Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 1118 (1969).
2) A. Holt et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 618, 107 (1997).
3) L. Coraggio et al.: Pnys. Rev. C 80, 044320 (2009).
4) M. Hjorth-Jensen et al.: Phys. Rep. 261, 125 (1995).
5) M. Honma et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 35 (2012).
6) D. R. Entem et al.: Phys. Rev. C 68, 041001(R) (2003).
7) M. Sanczhez-Vega et al.: Phys. Lett. 80, 5504 (1998).
8) Data extracted using the NNDC WorldWideWeb sitefrom the ENSDF database.
9) T. Mizusaki et al.: MSHELL64 code (unpublished).

Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University
Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
AgencyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
Department of Physics, University of Oslo

- 77 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Soft negative-parity excitations of rotating super- and hyperdeformed
states around 40 Ca studied by Skyrme-RPA calculations
M. Yamagami ∗1 and K. Matsuyanagi∗2Soft mode connected to the violation of symmetries is one of the central issues in nuclear physics. It
emerges when the correlations increase by the additionof nucleons for a closed major shell or a change in theshell structure caused by weakly bound orbits, isovector properties of the nuclear force, and so on. Here, we
discuss soft modes emerging from the superdeformed(SD) state toward a non-axial reflection-asymmetricshape due to the change in the shell structure by collective rotation.
We have already investigated the rotational bandsof the SDf 4 and SDf 8 states in 36 Ar and the SDf 8
and hyperdeformed (HD) states in 40 Ca and 44 Ti byperforming mean-field calculations with the Skyrmeenergy density functional (Skyrme-EDF)1) . Here, theSDf 4 (SDf 8 ) state has four (eight) nucleons in singleparticle (sp) levels originating from the f7/2 shell, andthe sp levels from f7/2 and g9/2 shells are occupied in
the HD state.
In the present study, we predict the emergence of softmodes in these rotating SD and HD states by means ofrandom phase approximation (RPA) calculation with
the Skyrme-EDF.2)
As an illustrative example, the vibrational energy
Evib of the SDf 8 state in 40 Ca is shown as a functionof ωrot in Fig. 1. Here, the size of the symbol is proportional to the isoscalar octupole transition strength
B(IS3).
At ωrot = 0, excitation with large transition strength
B(IS3) = 195.2 W.u. appears at Evib = 5.46 MeV. In
this state, SK=0 is dominant (98.2 %). Here, SK is
the K-component of B(IS3). The main configuration
is a particle-hole (ph) excitation [330]1/2 → [440]1/2.
Other ph excitations from hole states originating fromthe f7/2 shell to particle states from the g9/2 shell also
contribute largely.
The vibrational energy of the K = 0 state is strongly
lowered by the rotational alignment of the [440]1/2 levels that have rapid down-sloping as a function of ωrot .
We obtain the vibrational state up to the critical ro(c)tational frequency ωrot = 1.60 MeV, where a sudden change of the internal structure occurs when the[440]1/2 levels are occupied in our framework. The(c)properties at ωrot are listed in Table 1. Due to the
Coriolis K-mixing effect, SK=1 becomes dominant.
We can expect the continuity of this trend such thatthe vibrational energy will decrease further and crossthe yrast line. Specifically, we predict the emergence∗1∗2

Fig. 1. Evib of the SDf 8 state in 40 Ca as a function ofωrot . The size of the symbol is proportional to theB(IS3) value. Circles and boxes represent the negativeparity excitations with x-signature ξ = −1 and +1,
respectively. Here, Skyrme SLy4 is used.

(c)

36

Ar (SDf 4 )
Ar (SDf 8 )40
Ca (SDf 8 )
44
Ti (SDf 8 )40
Ca (HD)
44
Ti (HD)
36

ωrot
[MeV]
2.25
1.25
1.60
1.50
1.75
1.75

Evib
[MeV]
1.21
1.81
1.37
1.47
2.33
1.82

B(IS3)[W.u.]
47.7
289.4
170.3
154.1
544.9
315.3

SK=0
[W.u.]
8.5
162.8
26.7
44.5
371.6
33.7

SK=1
[W.u.]
39.2
125.1
132.6
101.4
171.9
258.9
(c)

Table 1. Properties of negative-parity excitations at ωrotin the SDf 4 , SDf 8 , and HD states around 40 Ca. Here,
Skyrme SLy4 is used.

of the soft mode of the SD state that leads to the transition to a non-axial reflection-asymmetric shape (banana shape).
We also predict the emergence of soft modes in the
SD and HD states around 40 Ca systematically. The(c)properties at ωrot are summarized in Table 1. In the
HD states, the rotational alignment of the [550]1/2
orbits originating from the h11/2 shell plays a keyrole, and the ph configurations between the h11/2 shelland the g9/2 shell produce extremely large transition
strength.
In conclusion, we emphasize the role of rotationalalignment of special high-j orbits, the [440]1/2 orbits
in the SDf 4 and SDf 8 states and the [550]1/2 orbits
in the HD states, for the emergence of the soft modes
toward banana shape around 40 Ca.
References

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu
RIKEN Nishina Center

1) T. Inakura et al., Nucl. Phys. A710, 261 (2002).
2) M. Yamagami et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 030051 (2015).

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Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Pairing Reentrance in warm rotating 104Pd nucleus†
N. Quang Hung,∗1,∗2 N. Dinh Dang,∗2 B.K. Agrawal,∗3 V.M. Datar,∗4 A. Mitra,∗4 and D.R. Chakrabarty∗4

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Condensed from the article in Act. Phys. Pol. B 8, 551(2015)
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Theory Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center- 79 -

0.2
(a)

0.1

β2

0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0

5

10

15
20
_
J (h )1012

ρ (MeV -1 )

25

30

Exp
FTBCS
FTBCS1

1010
108
10 6
104

β2 = 0.2210210β2 = 0.2__(d) J = 10 h(b) J = 0 h

0

1010

ρ (MeV -1 )The recent series of experiments conducted at the
Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) for the reaction 12 C + 93 Nb → 105 Ag∗ → 104 Pd∗ +p at the incident
energy of 40 - 45 MeV has observed an anomalous enhancement of the nuclear level density (NLD) of 104 Pd
nucleus at low excitation energy E ∗ and high angularmomentum J 1) . This enhancement is similar to that
previously predicted by the shell-model Monte Carlo(SMMC)2) and FTBCS1 calculations3) for a warm rotating 72 Ge nucleus. Both the SMMC and FTBCS1
have pointed out that the local enhancement of NLD
at low T and high J is associated with the pairing
reentrance effect. The latter occurs when the angularmomentum of the system is sufficiently high so that thepairing correlation, which is zero at low T < T1 , reappears at T > T1 . The goal of this work is to apply the
FTBCS1 theory including finite angular momentum tostudy if the enhanced NLD observed in 104 Pd can beinterpreted as the first evidence of pairing reentrance
in a warm rotating finite nucleus.
The FTBCS1 theory at finite temperature and angular momentum is obtained based on the conventional finite-temperature Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(FTBCS) theory that takes into account the effect ofquasiparticle-number fluctuations (QNF) on the pairing field3) . The numerical calculations are carried out
for 104 Pd nucleus, whose single-particle spectra aretaken from the axially deformed Woods-Saxon potential including the spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions.
The quadrupole deformation parameter β2 potential isadjusted so that the NLD obtained at different valuesof J fit best the experimental data, especially in the region where the enhancement of NLD is observed. The
variation of β2 with J is plotted in Fig. 1 (a). This
figure clearly shows that 104 Pd nucleus undergoes ashape transition from the prolate shape (β2 > 0) to
the oblate one (β2 < 0) at around J = 20 h̄, whichis reasonable in this mass region because of an alignment of protons in g9/2 and neutrons in h11/2 orbits.
Figs. 1 (d) - (e) depict the NLD as a function of excitation energy E ∗ obtained within the FTBCS1 andthe conventional FTBCS theories.
It is found that due to the QNF, the FTBCS1 gaps
at different J values decrease monotonically with increasing E ∗ and do not collapse at the critical value
E ∗ = Ec∗ as in the case of the FTBCS. As a result,the pairing reentrance takes place only in the pairing

108
10 6
104
102

β2 = −0.015

β2 = −0.205(d) J = 20 h(e) J = 30 h

_

_

100
0

5

10

15

20

E* (MeV)

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

E* (MeV)Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) - Quadrupole deformation parameter β2 as functions of the total angular momentum
J obtained within the FTBCS1 theory. [(b) - (e)] - Total NLD as function of excitation energy E ∗ obtained
within the FTBCS (dotted lines) and FTBCS1 (dashedlines) at different values of J and β2 . The solid lines
are the experimental data.

gaps obtained within the FTBCS1 (e.g., for protons
at J = 20h̄ and neutrons and at J = 30h̄), whereas
this effect does not appear in the FTBCS gaps. This
leads to the local enhancements of the NLD obtained
within the FTBCS1 at low E ∗ (2 < E ∗ < 5 MeV) andhigh J, in agreement with the experimental data. Thisagreement indicates that the observed enhancement of
the NLD might be the first experimental detection of
the pairing reentrance in a finite nucleus.
References
1) A. Mitra et al., J. Phys. G 36, 095103 (2009); A. Mitra
et al., EPJ Web of Conf. 2, 04004 (2010); V.M. Datar,
A. Mitra, D.R. Chakrabarty, Proceedings of the DAE
Sym. on Nucl. Phys., University of Delhi, Dec 37, 2012,
Vol. 57, p. 184 (2012).
2) D.J. Dean, K. Langanke, H.A. Nam, W. Nazarewicz,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 212504 (2010).
3) N.Q. Hung and N.D. Dang, Phys. Rev. C 78, 064315(2008), Phys. Rev. C 84, 054324 (2011).

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Effects of thermal shape fluctuations and pairing fluctuations on thegiant dipole resonance in warm nuclei†
A.K. Rhine Kumar,∗1 P. Arumugam,∗1 and N. Dinh Dang∗2
The study of giant dipole resonance (GDR) at hightemperature (T ) and angular momentum (J) has been
an interesting area of research, which has revealed several structural properties of nuclei at extreme conditions. Being a fundamental mode of photo excitation,
GDR can probe nuclei at extreme conditions and eventhose with exotic structures. Since the nucleus is atiny system, the thermal fluctuations inherent in finite
systems are expected to be large. The shape degrees
of freedom being crucial for nuclear structure, the deformation parameters are closely associated with theorder parameters for the related transitions. Hence thethermal shape fluctuations (TSF) are the most dominant ones, and at low T the fluctuations in the pairing
field can also contribute significantly. Many models
have been used to study the effect of both these fluctuations separately, but the combined effect of these
two was not investigated until our recent efforts.
In our recent work1) , we have outlined some of ourresults from a theoretical approach for such warm
nuclei where all these effects are incorporated along
within the thermal shape fluctuation model (TSFM)
extended to include the fluctuations in the pairing
field. In this article, we present the complete formalism
based on the microscopic-macroscopic approach for determining the deformation energies and a macroscopic
approach which links the deformation to GDR observables. The TSFM built on Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations with a macroscopic approach to GDR was employed. The nuclear shapes are related to the GDR
observables using the Hamiltonian written in termsof the dipole operator D and pairing operator P as
H = Hosc +η D† D +χ P † P , where Hosc stands for the
anisotropic harmonic oscillator hamiltonian, the parameter η characterizes the isovector component of theneutron and proton average field and χ is the strengthof the pairing interaction. The pairing interactionchanges the oscillator frequencies [ωνosc (ν = x, y, z)] toων = ωνosc − χω P , where ω P = [(Z∆P + N ∆N )/(Z +N )]2 with χ having the units of MeV−1 . Pairing renormalizes √the dipole-dipole interaction strength to η =η0 − χ0 T ω P , with χ0 having the units of MeV−5/2 .
The T -independent parameters η0 and χ0 are chosen
to reproduce the GDR width at T = 0 and to obtain
the overall agreement with the experimental widths at
T �= 0. The effective GDR cross-sections is calculated†∗1∗2

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 91, 044305(2015)
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
RIKEN Nishina center

Fig. 1. The GDR strength functions for 97 Tc at different
T are compared with the results obtained by using thepairing fluctuations (PF) within a grand canonical ensemble approach (GCE). Experimental data are shownby solid circles. The legend PF (GCE)* denotes thatthe calculations are with the parameter δ = 1.9; in allother calculations δ =1.8.

by averaging all the cross-sections σ(Eγ , β, γ.∆P , ∆N )obtained from thermal fluctuations of quadrupole
shapes by using the formula for the expectation
value
of an observable O as �O�β,γ,∆P ,∆N =
OW (T, β, γ, ∆P , ∆N )D[α]/ W (T, β, γ, ∆P , ∆N )D[α]with W (T, β, γ, ∆P , ∆N ) = exp[−F (T ; β, γ, ∆P , ∆N )/T ],D[α] = β 4 | sin 3γ| dβ dγ d∆P d∆N . The total free energy (FT OT ) at a fixed deformation
 is calculated using
the expression FT OT = ELDM + p,n δF . Each crosssection σ(Eγ , β, γ.∆P , ∆N ) is a sum of the Lorentzians,
whose widths are given as Γi = Γ0 (Ei /E0 )δ with Γ0
and E0 being the width and energy in the case of aspherical nucleus, respectively. The energy predictedby the liquid drop model (LDM) is calculated by summing up the Coulomb and surface energies corresponding to a triaxially deformed shape defined by the deformation parameters β and γ.
We discussed our results for the nuclei 97 Tc, 120 Sn,
179
Au, and 208 Pb, and corroborated with the experimental data available. The TSFM could explain
the data successfully at low temperature only with aproper treatment of pairing and its fluctuations (Fig.
1). More measurements with better precision could
yield rich information about several phase transitions
that can happen in warm nuclei.
Reference
1) A.K. Rhine Kumar, P. Arumugam, and N. Dinh Dang,
Phys. Rev. C 90 (2014) 044308.

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Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Stability of the wobbling motion in an odd-A nucleus†
K. Tanabe∗1,∗2 and K. Sugawara-Tanabe∗1,∗3
Recently, the transverse wobbling mode was proposed in the yrast band near the ground state before
the ﬁrst backbending in 135 Pr1) . The transverse wobbling mode is the wobbling motion around the middle
moment of inertia (MoI)2) , which does not exist in thepure rotor as discussed in the context of classical mechanics3) and by Bohr-Mottelson4) quantum mechanically. Regarding the particle-rotor model, as long as
the rigid MoI is adopted, there is no chance to ﬁndtransverse wobbling, because the single-particle oscillator strength ωk and the rigid MoI are derived froma common radius, and their magnitudes increase or
decrease in the same direction as functions of γ periodically with a span of 2π/3. On the other hand,
the hydrodynamical (hyd) MoI changes its role in every span of π/3 in an opposite direction to ωk . Thus,
there remains a possibility to ﬁnd the transverse wobbling mode for the particle-rotor model with hyd MoI.
We extend the Holstein-Primakoﬀ (HP) boson expansion method to the odd-A case5–8) by introducing
two kinds of bosons for the total angular momentumI� and the single-particle angular momentum �j. We
can identify the nature of each band by referring to
two kinds of quantum numbers (nα , nβ ) which indicate
the wobbling of I� and the precession of �j, respectively.
In this paper we extend this method to the particlerotor model with hyd MoI. We choose a representation in which Iy and jx are diagonal because the hyd
MoI is maximum around the y-axis with the relation
Jyhyd ≥ Jxhyd ≥ Jzhyd in the range of 0 ≤ γ ≤ π/6,
while ωk favors �j to align along the x-axis in the samerange of γ. We notice that, if we choose the diagonal
representation for I� and �j in the same direction, we
cannot ﬁnd any stable physical solution for common
values of γ and V (the strength of the single-particle
potential5–8) ) in the range of 11/2≤ I ≤33/2. We solve
the energy-eigenvalue equation to obtain two real solutions, i.e., ω+ , which is the higher energy, and ω− ,which is the smaller one. In the symmetric limit ofγ = 30◦ and V = 0, ω+ corresponds to the wobbling
motion around the y-axis with the maximum MoI,
while ω− corresponds to the precession of j aroundthe x-axis.
We adopt
j =11/2,
J0 =25 MeV−1 ( Jkhyd =


2
4
2
γ + 3 πk ), β =0.18 and γ =26◦ (proposed
3 J0 sin
by Ref.1) ), and V = 1.6 MeV (related to the singleparticle strength with these β, γ and j by Wigner†
∗1
∗2
∗3

E MeV

1
0
1
2
0

exact
0,1
0,0

5

10

15

I
Fig. 1. Comparison of the excitation energy in the leading
order approximation5) with the exact results as functions of I. The solid lines correspond to I − j =even,the red dashed lines to I − j =odd, and the dotted bluelines to the exact results. The attached numerals (0,1)
and (0,0) correspond to quantum numbers of (nα , nβ ).

Eckart theorem)8) . In Fig. 1 we compare the energies
labeled by (nα , nβ )= (0,1) and (0,0) with the exact
ones obtained by diagonalizing the same Hamiltonian.
The exact levels are reproduced by the approximate
ones labeled (0,1), the precession mode of j, irrespective of I − j. Both ω+ and ω− monotonically increase
with I, and never decrease.
In conclusion, there is no transverse wobbling mode
within the framework of the particle-rotor model evenwith the hyd MoI.
References
1) J. T. Matta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 082501 (2015).
2) S. Frauendorf, F. Dönau, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014322(2014).
3) L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz: M echanics (PhysicsMathematics Institute, Moskow, 1958), Sect. 37.
4) A. Bohr, B. R. Mottelson: N uclear Structure (Benjamin, Reading, MA, 1975), Vol. II.
5) K. Tanabe, K. Sugawara-Tanabe, Phys. Rev. C 73,
034305 (2006).
6) K. Tanabe, K. Sugawara-Tanabe, Phys. Rev. C 77,
064318 (2008).
7) K. Sugawara-Tanabe, K. Tanabe, Phys. Rev. C 82,
051303(R) (2010).
8) K. Sugawara-Tanabe, K. Tanabe, N. Yoshinaga, Prog.
Theor. Exp. Phys. 2014, 063D01 (2014).

Condensed from the article at the autumn meeting of Japan
Physical Society, Osaka City University, Sept. 27th (2015)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Otsuma Women’s University- 81 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Constraints on the neutron skin and the symmetry energy from theanti-analog giant dipole resonance in 208 Pb†
Li-Gang Cao,∗1,∗2 X. Roca-Maza,∗3,∗4 G. Colò,∗3,∗4 and H. Sagawa∗5,∗6
Diﬀerent experimental methods, either direct or indirect, have been proposed to extract the value ofneutron-skin thickness in ﬁnite nuclei, that is, the difference between neutron and proton root-mean-square
radii,
2 1/2∆Rnp ≡ r2 1/2n − r p .

Another experimental measurement has been reported
in Ref.2) (Exp2); the 208 Pb(p, nγp) 207 Pb reaction witha beam energy of 30 MeV was used to excite the AGDR
and to measure its γ-decay to the isobaric analog state,coinciding with proton decay of the IAS. The energy
diﬀerence between the AGDR and IAS was determined
to be EAGDR −EIAS = 8.90 ± 0.09 MeV. Averaging theresults from two available experimental data, our analysis gives ∆Rpn = 0.236 ± 0.018 fm, J = 33.2 ± 1.0
MeV and a slope parameter of the symmetry energy
at saturation L = 97.3 ± 11.2 MeV. Good agreement
is obtained in comparing our new results of neutronskin thickness and symmetry energy J with the values
extracted using several diﬀerent experimental methods
within the error bars as shown in Fig. 1. In contrast,
the extracted L value is somewhat larger than previously obtained values. Possible hints on whether model
dependence can explain this diﬀerence are provided.

(1)

The neutron skin thickness has received much attention from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints because it is one of the most promising observables in nuclear structure for constraining the density
dependence of symmetry energy around the nuclear
saturation density. The symmetry energy plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of different phenomena in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics. It directly aﬀects the properties of exotic
nuclei, dynamics of heavy-ion collisions, structure ofneutron stars, and simulations of core-collapse supernova.
We investigate the impact of neutron skin thickness, ∆Rnp , on the energy diﬀerence between the antianalog giant dipole resonance (AGDR), EAGDR , andisobaric analog state (IAS), EIAS , in a heavy nucleus
208
Pb. The AGDR has J π = 1− , and T = T0 − 1 withrespect to the isospin of parent nucleus T0 . We employ a family of systematically varied Skyrme energy
density functionals. The calculations are performed
within the fully self-consistent Hartree-Fock (HF) plus
charge-exchange random phase approximation (RPA)
framework. We conﬁrm a linear correlation with our
microscopic approach and compare our results withavailable experimental data on 208 Pb in order to extract a preferred value for ∆Rnp and, in turn, for thesymmetry energy parameters. In Ref.1) (denoted asExp1), the AGDR was separated from other excitations by means of the multipole decomposition analysis of the 208 Pb(�p, �n) reaction at a bombarding energy
Tp = 296 MeV; the polarization transfer observables
were quite instrumental in the separation of the nonspin ﬂip AGDR from the spin-ﬂip spin dipole resonance(SDR) in the multipole decomposition analysis. Theenergy diﬀerence between the AGDR and IAS was determined to be EAGDR − EIAS = 8.69 ± 0.36 MeV.
†

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

.[2]

Fig. 1. (Color online) Values of the slope parameter L andsymmetry energy J at the saturation density extracted
in the current work compared with the values fromother experimental data extracted using several diﬀerent methods.

References
1) J. Yasuda et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 063D02(2013).
2) A. Krasznahorkay et al., arXiv:1311.1456, (2013).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 92, 034308(2015)
School of Mathematics and Physics, North China ElectricPower University
State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute ofTheoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. di Milano
RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Mathematics and Physics, University of Aizu

- 82 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Variational study of the equation of state for neutron star matterwith hyperons†
H. Togashi,∗1,∗2 E. Hiyama,∗1 Y. Yamamoto,∗1 and M. Takano∗2
The equation of state (EOS) for dense nuclear matter plays a crucial role in the study of neutron star (NS)structure. As there are relatively large uncertainties
in hyperon-nucleon (Y N ) and hyperon-hyperon (Y Y )interactions, the fraction of hyperons in NS matter isstill far from being understood. In particular, recently
observed masses of PSRs J1614-2230 (M = 1.97 ±0.04M⊙ )1) and J0348+0432 (M = 2.01 ± 0.04M⊙ )2)
impose severe constraints on the EOS of nuclear matter including hyperons. In this report, we investigate
how uncertainty in the odd-state part of bare ΛΛ interactions aﬀects the structure of NSs by using EOSs
constructed with the cluster variational method for hyperonic nuclear matter containing Λ and Σ− hyperons.
Following the cluster variational method for pure nucleon matter3) , we use the Hamiltonian composed ofbare baryon interactions. For the nucleon sector, theArgonne v18 two-nucleon potential and the Urbana
IX three-nucleon potential are adopted. For the hyperon sector, central two-body potentials are employed
as the ΛN , Σ− N , and ΛΛ interactions4,5) , which areconstructed to reproduce the experimental data of hypernuclei. Here, it is noted that there are no experimental data on double-Λ hypernuclei to determine theodd-state part of the ΛΛ interaction. Therefore, we
prepare four diﬀerent odd-state ΛΛ interactions (Type1–4), whose parameters are chosen so that the oddstate ΛΛ interaction becomes monotonically more repulsive from Type 1 to Type 4. Using these baryon
interactions, we calculate the energies of hyperonic nuclear matter for each odd-state ΛΛ interaction modeland apply the obtained EOSs to calculations of the NS
structure.
The numerical results are shown in Table 1. It isseen that the onset density of Λ in NS matter is insensitive to the odd-state ΛΛ interaction, whereas that ofTable 1. Onset densities of Λ and Σ− hyperons and maximum masses of NSs for four diﬀerent odd-state ΛΛinteractions. The values of the onset densities are given
in fm−3 and the maximum masses are in M⊙ .
ΛΛ interaction
Λ onset density
Σ− onset density
Maximum mass†
∗1
∗2

Type 1
0.42
0.76
1.48

Type 2
0.42
0.72
1.53

Type 3
0.42
0.70
1.57

Type 4
0.42
0.68
1.62

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 93, 035808(2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University- 83 -

Fig. 1. Mass-radius relations of NSs obtained from EOSs
based on the most repulsive odd-state ΛΛ interaction(Type 4) with and without a phenomenological threebaryon force (TBF). The horizontal bands show themasses of PSRs J1614-22301) and J 0348+04322) .

Σ− decreases as the odd-state ΛΛ interaction becomes
more repulsive. Furthermore, the obtained maximum
mass of NSs increases with the repulsion of the oddstate ΛΛ interaction, but it is still smaller than the
recently observed masses of heavy NSs1,2) .
Therefore, we finally consider a phenomenological
three-baryon force (TBF) for Y N N , Y Y N , and Y Y Y
systems6) in order to explain the masses of heavy NSs.
Figure 1 shows the mass-radius relations of NSs obtained from the EOS with the most repulsive odd-stateΛΛ interaction (Type 4) including the hyperon TBF.
Also shown is the result without the hyperon TBF.
The maximum mass with the TBF becomes larger
than that without the TBF due to the strong repulsion
among three baryons. In Fig. 1, the horizontal green
and purple bands show the masses of PSRs J161422301) and J0348+04322) , respectively. It is found thatthe obtained result with TBF is consistent with theseobservations. The influence of the TBF on the NS
structure is discussed in more detail in Ref.7) .
References
1) P. B. Demorest et al., Nature 467, 1081 (2010).
2) J. Antoniadis et al., Science 340, 6131 (2013).
3) H. Togashi and M. Takano, Nucl. Phys. A 902, 53(2013).
4) E. Hiyama et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 024007 (2002).
5) E. Hiyama et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 054312 (2006).
6) Y. Yamamoto et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 045805 (2014).
7) H. Togashi et al., Phys. Rev. C 93, 035808 (2016).

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Joint project for large-scale nuclear structure calculations in 2015
N. Shimizu,∗1 T. Abe,∗2 T. Otsuka,∗2,∗1 N. Tsunoda,∗1 and Y. Utsuno∗3,∗1
A joint project for large-scale nuclear structure calculations has been promoted since the year 2002 basedon a collaboration agreement between the RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility (currently RIKEN Nishina
Center) and the Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo. Currently, we maintain 16 PC servers
with Intel CPUs for large-scale nuclear shell-model
calculations. In 2015, we reinforced the system byintroducing two computer nodes equipped with Intel
Xeon CPUs with 32 cores and 20 cores, respectively.
Based on this project, we performed shell-model calculations of the various nuclides that have been measured or are proposed to be measured at the RIKEN
RI Beam Factory, such as 37,38 Si1) , 50 Ar2) , 27,29 F,
29Ne, 54,56,58,60 Ti, and 8,9 C, under various collaborations with many experimentalists. Theoretical studies
have also been performed in parallel. Among them,hereafter, we brieﬂy show four achievements of thisproject.
We have investigated shell evolution in neutron-richnuclei around N = 28 by comparing recent experimental data taken in RIBF with shell-model calculations using the SDPF-MU interaction3) . Low-lying
unnatural-parity levels in 37 Si1) are well reproduced.
This indicates that the N = 20 shell gap is almost
unchanged on increasing the neutron number due tothe cross-shell T = 1 monopole matrix elements whosestrengths are nearly zero. The SDPF-MU interaction
50
also successfully accounts for the 2+Ar2) .
1 level in
The calculation suggests that the N = 32 shell gap ispreserved in Ar isotopes. In addition, we predict that
the N = 34 shell gap is enlarged on decreasing theproton number from Z = 20. This prediction provides
52
a strong motivation for measuring the 2+Ar
1 level inin the SEASTAR project.
Among the ab initio subjects directly related to theexperiments at the RIBF, the study of the nuclear
structure of proton-rich carbon isotopes (8 C and 9 C)
via neutron-transfer reactions using a 10 C secondary
beam is ongoing in collaboration with the experimentalists. For 8 C, the energies of the 0+ ground and 2+
excited states have been calculated using KSHELL insmaller basis spaces (from two to four major shells).
No-core MCSM calculations in larger basis spaces(from ﬁve to seven major shells) on the K computerare awaited, so as to obtain the converged groundstate and excitation energies. The evaluation of thespectroscopic factor is also planned to investigate thecross section of neutron-transfer reactions in the near
∗1
∗2
∗3

future. In association with this study, we also focus on
the anomalously large magnetic dipole moment of the9
C nucleus. For this purpose, we are now carrying out
the no-core MCSM calculations for that in a relatively
large basis space (up to seven major shells) on the K
computer.
We proposed a new method of estimating the level
density stochastically based on nuclear shell-model calculations4) . In order to count the number of eigenvalues of the shell-model Hamiltonian matrix, we performed contour integration of a complex function,
1f (z) = ⟨ϕ| z−Hϕ⟩, with H being the Hamiltonian matrix. |ϕ⟩ is taken as a random vector to estimate
the trace stochastically. The shifted Krylov subspacemethod enables its eﬃcient computation. By using thismethod, we successfully reproduced the experimentallyobserved parity equilibration of the level densities of58
Ni.
As an attempt to connect medium-mass neutron-richnuclei to the nuclear force, we derived the eﬀective interaction for the shell model starting from the nuclear
force. Standard many-body perturbation theory can
only be applied to a single major shell because of thedivergence appearing in perturbative expansion. However, in this area of the nuclear chart, the larger model
spaces of at least more than one major shell have to
be considered. Then, we developed a novel revisionof the many-body perturbation theory, named the Extended Kuo-Krenciglowa (EKK) method.5) We applied
the EKK method to derive the eﬀective interaction for
the valence space of the sd+pf -shell, starting from theχEFT N3 LO interaction. Three-nucleon force (3NF) isalso added as an eﬀective two-body force by integrating out one of the three nucleons as the hole line of
the 16 O core. Then, we performed the shell-model calculations of even-even isotopes of Ne, Mg, and Si andsucceeded in reproducing the basic properties of thosenuclei, i.e. the binding energies, excitation energies of
the ﬁrst 2+ states, E2 transition probabilities, and soon. In particular, it is well known, as the “island of
inversion”, that the shell gap of N = 20 is broken for
Ne and Mg, but not for Si. We reproduced the physics
of “island inversion” well and our work is the ﬁrst calculation of this subject starting from the nuclear force
and microscopic theories.
References
1) K. Steiger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 117 (2015).
2) D. Steppenbeck et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 252501(2015).
3) Y. Utsuno et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 051301(R) (2012).
4) N. Shimizu et al., Phys. Lett. B 753, 13 (2016).
5) N. Tsunoda et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 024313 (2014).

Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, the University of TokyoJapan Atomic Energy Agency- 84 -

3. Nuclear Data

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurementsofofsecondary
secondary neutrons
neutrons produced
Measurements
producedfrom
fromthin
thinBe
Beand
andCC
238
238
U beambeam
byby 50 MeV/u U
H.S. Lee,*1,*4 J.H. Oh,*1,*4 N.S. Jung,*1,*4 A. Lee,*1,*4 L. Mokhtari Oranj,*2 N. Nakao,*3,*4 and Y. Uwamino*4
Neutron production is one of the important subjects forshielding calculation of particle accelerator facilities, such as
RIBF/RIKEN. However, the number of high-energy heavy
ion accelerators in the world is small. The accuracy ofshielding calculations of such facilities has been studied until
now. In particular, the information of neutron production isvery rare if the accelerated particles are heavy ions such asuranium. The neutron production yields were measured using
a 50 MeV/u 238U beam of RIBF for the shielding design of
the Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) ion accelerator in
Korea.
In this study, the interesting energy of the 238U beam islower than 100 MeV/u because another group had alreadyperformed a similar study using an energy of 345 MeV/u at
RIBF1). The charge-stripper chamber was chosen as theexperimental station as shown in Fig. 1. The produced
neutrons were measured when the 50 MeV/u 238U beam hit
the thin Be stripper or C stripper target in the chamber. For
this measurement, the activation analysis was applied using
Bi, Co, and Al samples, which were attached on the outersurface of the stripper chamber. We chose four different
emission angles of neutron productions as shown in Fig. 1.
The gamma rays from activated samples were measured
using an HPGe detector and analyzed using HYPEGAM2)
software. The beam intensity of 238U was monitored by aphase probe (PPM04) and calibrated by the current of a
Faraday cup (FCM04).
The radionuclide yields were calculated using the gammaray spectra and well-known reaction cross-sections of Bi, Co,
and Al with high-energy neutrons. The energy distributionsof the produced neutrons were calculated using the unfolding
method. The SAND-II code3) was applied.

In this study, the entire experimental process was
simulated using two Monte Carlo codes, PHITS4) and
FLUKA5). The spatial distribution of neutron fluence, one of
the important results, was calculated using PHITS as shownin Fig. 2. The radionuclide production rates6) of Bi samples
were measured for different angles, 15o, 30o, 45o, and 90o as
shown in Fig. 2. The angular distribution of the production
rate was regenerated in good agreement with the theoreticaltrend. The comparison between the measured and calculated
data by the two codes showed reasonable agreements, but the
PHITS results were a greater underestimation relative to the
FLUKA results.
Each neutron-induced reaction of Bi, Co, and Al samples
has its own threshold energy. The neutron spectra above 10
MeV were obtained from the production yields of eachreaction through the unfolding process6). The spectra
calculated using FLUKA were in a good agreement with theunfolded one for every emission angle. However, the PHITS
results showed a large discrepancy. The reason for thediscrepancy has been reviewed carefully. The different
physics models of two codes used in this energy range has
been supposed as the first candidate reason.
These experimental results are very important tocompensate for the fact that no proven data exist below
approximately 300 MeV/u for benchmarking 238U induced
neutron production. The enhanced analysis is ongoing toconfirm the discrepancy between the PHITS and FLUKA
results or between the calculated results and experimental
data.

Fig. 2. Distribution of neutron fluence in the reaction area
(left) and angular distribution of radionuclide yields in Bi
samples (right).
References

Fig. 1. Experimental setup at the charge-stripper chamber
and the arrangement of activation samples in the forward
direction. (Charge stripping process is described above)1) N. Nakao et al.: Proc. IPAC2014, (2015) p.1811.
2) H.D. Choi et al., Nucl. Eng. Tech. 44, 781 (2012).
3) P.J. Griffin et al.: SAND93-3957, Sandia Nat. Lab. (1994).
4) K. Nitta et al., Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995).
5) A. Ferrari et al.: CERN-2005-10, CERN (2005).
6) J.H. Oh et al.: presented at ISORD-8, Jeju (2015).

Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH
Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECH＊3
Shimizu Corporation＊4
RIKEN Nishina Center＊1＊2- 85 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Coulomb breakup reactions of long-lived fission products,
79
Se, 93 Zr, and 107 Pd
S. Takeuchi,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗2 M. Shikata,∗1,∗2 Y. Togano,∗1,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2 J. Tsubota,∗1,∗2
T. Ozaki,∗1,∗2 A. T. Saito,∗1,∗2 A. Hirayama,∗1,∗2 T. Tomai,∗1,∗2 H. Otsu,∗1 H. Wang,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗3
S. Kawase,∗3 for ImPACT Collaboration

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Kyushu University

sponding to three neutron removal channels for 107 Pd,for example. In another setting, the Bρ value was adjusted to be −3% relative to the 0% setting with theacceptance of six neutron removal channels for 107 Pd.
Combining these two settings, Coulomb breakup crosssections will be obtained after subtracting nuclear components estimated by breakup reactions on the C target. Figure 1 shows the mass-to-charge distribution ofreaction products in the 107 Pd + Pb reaction obtainedby the ZD spectrometer with the −3% setting. By
counting the yields for each isotope, Coulomb breakup
cross sections will be deduced and converted to σabs .
Exclusive measurements were also made using the
SAMURAI spectrometer4) to obtain Coulomb breakup
cross sections to be converted to the relevant excitation
function. The secondary beams of 79,80 Se and 93,94 Zr
were bombarded on Pb and C targets with thicknessesof 0.54 g/cm2 and 0.26 g/cm2 , respectively. Charged
particles produced in breakup reactions were analyzed
by the SAMURAI spectrometer and neutrons were detected by NEBULA4) and NeuLAND5) . DALI2 wasplaced at the target area to detect de-excitation γ rays
to identify reaction channels.
The analyses for both experiments are currently inprogress. This work was funded by ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
10 5

107 Pd10 4CountsNuclear transmutation of long-lived ﬁssion products(LLFPs) mixed in nuclear radioactive wastes is oneof the candidate techniques for the reduction and/or
reuse of LLFPs, and has been investigated since several decades. High-level radioactive wastes including
LLFPs have to be kept in the deep and hard rock stratum to separate them from human environments withcurrent disposal methods owing to their large radiations and high heats. Among the LLFPs, transmutations of 79 Se, 93 Zr, 107 Pd, and 135 Cs are important
owing to their long half-lives of 0.3M, 1.6M, 6.5M, and
2.3M years, respectively. These LLFPs can be transmuted to be stable or short-lived nuclei; however thereaction rates relevant to these isotopes are not suﬃcient for transmutation techniques.
In order to accumulate nuclear reaction data for further developments, we performed nuclear reaction experiments using LLFPs as secondary beams1) . In particular, we focused on (γ,n) and (n,γ) reactions for
LLFPs and neighboring nuclei. The neutron capture(n,γ) for LLFPs is an important reaction for transmutation; however there are several diﬃculties to conduct these experiments. An alternative way may be bymeasuring photo-absorption (γ,n) cross sections (σabs )connected to (n,γ) cross sections via the principle ofdetailed balance. The σabs for LLFPs can be measured
indirectly by Coulomb breakup reactions with fast RI
beams of LLFPs in inverse kinematics. We focusedon the measurements of Coulomb breakup reactions of
79,80
Se, 93,94 Zr, and 107,108 Pd to obtain σabs .
The secondary beams of 79,80 Se, 93,94 Zr, and107,108
Pd with an energy of 200 MeV/nucleon were produced by in-ﬂight ﬁssion reactions of a 238 U primarybeam with 345 MeV/nucleon on a 9 Be production target and identiﬁed by BigRIPS2) . In the experiment using the ZeroDegree (ZD) spectrometer2) , we performed
inclusive measurements for Coulomb breakup reactionsof 93,94 Zr and 107,108 Pd. Secondary targets of Pb andC with thicknesses of 0.52 g/cm2 and 0.32 g/cm2 , respectively, were placed at the F8 focus and surrounded
by DALI23) to detect de-excitation γ rays. The reaction products were analyzed and identiﬁed by the ZD
spectrometer with the two Bρ settings. In the ﬁrst
setting, the Bρ value was adjusted to set non-reacted
secondary beams to be centered (0% setting), which
accepted momentum distributions up to −3% corre-

107 Pd 45+
106 Pd

10 3
10 2
10 1
10 0

105 Pd104 Pd103 Pd102 Pd

101Pd

2.2

2.3
A/Q

2.4

Fig. 1. Mass-to-charge ratio (A/Q) for Pd isotopes in the107
Pd + Pb reaction.

References
1) H. Wang et al., S. Kawase et al.: In this report.
2) T. Kubo et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 3C003(2012).
3) S.Takeuchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
763, 596 (2014).
4) T. Kobayashi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 317, 294 (2013).
5) https://www.gsi.de/work/fairgsi/rare isotope beams/
r3b/neuland.htm- 86 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Cross section measurement of residues in proton- anddeuteron-induced spallation reactions of 93 Zr and 93 Nb
S. Kawase,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 K. Nakano,∗1 T. Kin,∗1 S. Araki,∗1 H. Wang,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗2
S. Takeuchi,∗3 Y. Togano,∗3 T. Nakamura,∗3 Y. Maeda∗4 for ImPACT-RIBF collaboration
The long-lived ﬁssion products (LLFPs), which areproduced in nuclear reactors have been an important
issue because of the diﬃculty of their disposal owing
to their remarkably long lifetimes. Therefore, a treatment method to transform the LLFPs into short-lived
and/or low-toxic materials is strongly desired, and nuclear transmutation technology is one of the promising candidates for this. However, the reaction data of
LLFPs required for the design of optimum pathways ofthe transmutation process are currently quite scarce.
We performed an experiment to measure isotopic
production cross section of 93 Zr, which is an LLFP
nuclide with a half-life of 1.61 × 106 years, using
proton- and deuteron-induced spallation reactions at
the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF). For the experimental setup, see Ref.1)
Figure 1 shows one of the plots, which was used forparticle identiﬁcation using the ZeroDegree spectrometer (ZDS). Each reaction residue was successfully identiﬁed with a 10σ separation of mass number A. The
isotopic production cross section was obtained fromthe production yield for each nuclide and the number ofbeam particles. The transmission ratio in the ZDS wasestimated from the position distribution at a dispersive
focal plane F9. Then the cross sections were comparedwith the calculations using PHITS2) with the IntraNuclear Cascade model of Liège (INCL)3) and the Generalized Evaporation Model (GEM)4) . Figure 2 shows
the preliminary results for Nb, Zr, Sr, and Kr isotopes
corresponding to proton- and deuteron-injection. The
calculations reproduced the experimental cross section
to some extent, but they underestimate the numberof evaporated neutrons and hence the resulting crosssections are distributed in an A region slightly larger
than the experimental ones. Further examination of
the calculation models is needed.
The analysis for the spallation reaction on 93 Nb,
which was included in the 93 Zr beam setting, is underway. The cross sections of 93 Nb will be comparedwith the experimental data obtained using the activation method5) in order to verify the eﬀectiveness of themethod used in this experimental series.
This work was funded by the ImPACT Program of
the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation(Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

proton number Z

93

Zr (100 MeV/u) w/ CH target
2

42

93

Zr

102

40
38
36

10
34
32
30

1

28
26
2.1

2.15

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.35

Mass-to-charge ratio A/Q

Fig. 1. Correlation of proton number Z and mass-to-charge
ratio A/Q of reaction residues produced from 93 Zr beamat 100 MeV/u and CH2 target.

Fig. 2. Experimental and calculated cross sections for spallation reactions of 93 Zr at 100 MeV/u with protons anddeuterons.

References
1) H. Wang et al., In this report.
2) T. Sato et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 50, 913 (2013).
3) A. Boudard et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 014606 (2013).
4) S. Furihata, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 171, 251 (2000).
5) Yu. E. Titarenko, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 74, 537 (2011).

Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki- 87 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Simulation of thick-target transmission method for interaction crosssections of 93 Zr on 12 C
M. Aikawa,∗1,∗2 S. Ebata,∗1 and S. Imai∗3
The behaviors of the cross sections are in good agreement, and therefore the T3 method may be applicablein real experiments. The derived cross sections, however, have large uncertainties in the low energy region
because the uncertainties are accumulated in the moderator part of the target. We continue to investigate
the method in more detail to propose a new experiment and also perform additional simulations of otherradioactive isotopes.

Ni (L + ∆L)
−1
ln
,
nT ∆L
Ni (L)

Beam attenuation

σI =

1

(1)

∗2
∗3

100

0.95

80
60

0.9

40
20

where nT , L, ∆L and Ni (L) are the number densityof the target, thickness of moderator, thickness of reaction target and the number of transmitted incident
particles at L, respectively. In other words, Ni (L)passed through the moderator part with L is used asa beam on the reaction part of the thickness ∆L. We
performed a simulation with the PHITS code3) for theinteraction cross sections of 93 Zr on 12 C, which are typical examples of long-lived ﬁssion fragments and stable
nuclei. The cross sections are equivalent to inclusive
cross sections of 12 C-induced transmutation reaction
on 93 Zr.
The parameters adopted in the simulation are set
to cover the expected peak area. The energy is set to
100 MeV/nucleon, which is similar to the recent experiment4) . The target density and thicknesses are 2.260
g/cm3 and 0.02 cm (0 ≤ L ≤ 0.2 cm) and 0.004 cm(0.2 ≤ L ≤ 0.24 cm), respectively. The trial number is 105 which are consistent with an intensity of
1,000 pps and individual irradiation period of 100 s.
Calculations with diﬀerent target thicknesses were iteratively performed in the simulation. The beam attenuation and energy at the downstream of the target
can be obtained in each calculation and are shown as afunction of the target thickness in Fig. 1. The interaction cross sections thus obtained with the moderator
part from Eq. (1) are shown in Fig. 2 with expectedvalues of PHITS derived from the traditional transmission method with thin-targets and energy adjustments.
∗1

120

Beam
ε

ε (MeV/nucleon)

The interaction cross section provides valuableknowledge pertaining nuclear physics1) and engineering since it is an essential quantity related to nuclear
radii and the transmutation of nuclear wastes. In addition, its excitation function is also important; however, the data of radioactive isotopes are very few and
insuﬃcient because it requires huge experimental effort at each energy. Therefore, we propose the thicktarget transmission (T3) method to obtain the excitation functions of the interaction cross sections2) .
The T3 method can derive the excitation function
through iterative measurements of beam attenuations
with diﬀerent target thicknesses. Similar to the ordinary transmission method, the interaction cross section σI can be derived from the following equation:

0.85

0

0.05

0.1
0.15
L (cm)

00.2

Fig. 1. The attenuation (solid circles with solid line) andenergy (open triangles with dotted-line) of the incident
beam are shown as a function of the target thickness.

3.5

Result (T3)
Expectation

3

σ (b)

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

0

20

40
60
ε (MeV/nucleon)

80

100

Fig. 2. Interaction cross sections of 93 Zr on 12 C. The resultsof the simulation (open circles with solid line) are shownwith the expected values in PHITS (dotted-line).

This work was funded by ImPACT Program ofCouncil for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
References
1) I. Tanihata et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2676 (1985).
2) M. Aikawa et al., under submission.
3) T. Sato et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50, 913 (2013).
4) H. Wang et al., In this report.

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education,
Hokkaido University- 88 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Nuclear data study for the development of transmutation technology
S. Ebata,∗1 M. Aikawa,∗1 and S. Imai∗2
Nuclear transmutation is a promising technology
for the disposal of nuclear waste with high-level radioactivity. High-level radioactive waste includes theminor actinides (MA), with Z > 89, and long-lived
ﬁssion products (LLFP). For the reduction of MA,
the accelerator-driven system (ADS) has been studied globally, e.g. J-PARC1) plans to establish an ADS
test facility. However, an eﬀective procedure to reduce LLFP has not been found yet. A major hurdle
to development is the lack of reaction data for LLFP,
especially for reactions induced by a charged particle.
The demands for this data is high, although experiments with a LLFP target have diﬃculties related tothe high radioactivity and chemical instability.
Recent progress at the radioisotope beam facility allows us to utilize LLFP nuclei as the beam. Experiments for the LLFP reaction data with inverse kinematics are performed.2) Activities of our data centre
for the transmutation study are to accumulate relateddata, to distribute them to the public, and to estimate
the physical quantities, through the followings:

The TTY strongly depends on the matter properties, but might be useful data for nuclear engineering,
although the cross section is the most fundamental information. To avoid an experiment with the radioactive target directly, we have suggested a conversion
method between the TTYs of the original reaction system and the inverse kinematics system.4) The method
is based on the common cross section between thesesystems and the energy dissipations of the projectile
which can be described by the stopping power due tothe target matter properties. The conversion coeﬃcient depends on the incident energy of the projectile,
but we found that it can be replaced by a constantvalue in a high energy region. The method is applied
to more speciﬁc systems considering the kinds of projectile and energy, using the PHITS5) simulation.
The excitation function of the cross section has signiﬁcance for nuclear structure (e.g. radius) and for thequantity reﬂected with matter properties (e.g. TTY).
To measure the excitation function, we propose a simple method, which is the thick-target transmission(T3) method.6) The basic concept of the method is theextension of the ordinary transmission method to thatwith a thick target. In the T3 method, the target has
also the role of beam moderator and its thickness corresponds to the energy of the incident particle. Whileadding a thin target ∆x to the target, we count the
number I(x) of projectile passed through the target
at each thickness x, and can calculate the interaction
cross section, σInt. (x), from the beam attenuation;• Developing a new data format• Thick-target yield (TTY) for the transmutation• Excitation function of the interaction cross section
The new data format is represented in XML which
is both human- and machine-readable.3) We are conﬁrming its availabilities to store and to search data,
including previous one. The labelling of data is key for
an eﬀective data format. Figure 1 shows the format under development. The outline of the format is almost

σInt. (x) ∝ −completed, although there are practical problems, e.g.
the expression of the reaction formula for inverse kinematics. The detailed rules will be determined in thenear future.
∗2(1)

If the LLFP beams can be chosen in the T3 method,the σInt. (x) corresponds to the cross section of transmutation. The availability of the T3 method might bedecided from the competition between eﬀorts to change
the thickness and beam energy.
We report the activities for the nuclear data studyof transmutation, and will carry out them with thecooperation among nuclear data, theorists and experimentalists.
This work was funded by ImPACT Program ofCouncil for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).

Fig. 1. The parts of data labelled in the Bibliography.

∗1

I(x + ∆x)
1
ln
.
∆x
I(x)

References
1) http://j-parc.jp/Transmutation/en/index.html
2) H. Wang et al., Phys. Lett. B754, 104 (2016).
3) M. Aikawa et al.,RIKENAccel.Prog.Rep.47, 70 (2014).
4) S. Imai et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 98 (2015).
5) T. Sato et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol 50, 913 (2013).
6) M. Aikawa et al., In this report.

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education,
Hokkaido University- 89 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Compilation of nuclear reaction data from the RIBF in 2015
D. Ichinkhorloo,∗1 M. Aikawa,∗1,∗2 S. Ebata,∗1 S. Imai,∗3 N. Otuka,∗2,∗4 A. Sarsembayeva,∗1 and B. Zhou∗1
Nuclear data such as the data of cross sections, radiations emitted from radioactive isotopes, level properties of isotopes are used widely in many fields. Nuclear
data play a key role in understanding the nature of
nuclear structures and nuclear reactions. On the other
hand, as the fundamental input to various codes fornuclear applications, they are also very important inmedical radiotherapy, shielding and radiation protection, and some related engineering works. Therefore,
it is of great significance to build a nuclear databasefor providing nuclear data service in various fields.
EXFOR1) is the name of the data library containing
experimental nuclear reaction data. The EXFOR library contains numerical data, bibliographic information, and experimental information including sourcesof uncertainties. On the contrary, such data and information can be retrieved from the database by nuclear
data users. Additional information, such as experimental setups, is also available.
Experimental data are found in the EXFOR
database, which is maintained by the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)2) and the International
Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC).
The NRDC collaborates for database compilation andrelated software development. One of the NRDC members is the Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data
Centre (JCPRG)3) . JCPRG has contributed to about
10 percent of the data on charged-particle nuclear reactions in the EXFOR library. In the JCPRG, compiled
nuclear reaction data in the NRDF (Nulear Reaction
Data File) and EXFOR formats are available throughthe online search system of the NRDF and EXFOR
libraries1) , respectively.
Under collaboration with the NRDC network, experimental data published in scientific journals are continuously surveyed. Among the data obtained, thecharged-particle and photon induced data obtained
from the facilities in Japan should be compiled by
JCPRG. The compiled files of nuclear data produced
at the RIBF are translated into the EXFOR format
for the benefit of nuclear data users. In this article, wereport on our activities in 2015, especially the compilation of experimental nuclear reaction data from the
RIBF.
In 2015, we compiled 29 new papers reporting on
experiments performed in Japan. Among them, 11 papers were from the RIBF data and satisfied the compilation scope of the EXFOR library. All data are
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

accessible by the entry numbers listed in Table 1. For
higher quality of contents, the corresponding authors
were requested to provide numerical data of the compiled papers. Most of the compiled RIBF data in 2015
are provided by the authors. Such additional information is also available with a list of compiled RIBF dataon the JCPRG website.
Table 1. Entry numbers with references compiled from the
RIBF data in 2015
Entries

Total

E24614)
E24657)
E246810)
E247413)

E24625)
E24668)
E247111)
E248214)11

E24636)
E24679)E247312)

We established an effective procedure to compile allof the new publications during the last five-year collaboration with the RIKEN Nishina Center. Therefore, most of recent experimental nuclear reaction datafrom the RIBF have successfully been compiled in the
EXFOR library. It is recommended that such collaboration should be further developed for experiments
at the RIBF. By using these compilations, experiment
data from the RIBF can also be served in a more convenient and fast manner for nuclear research and studies
in other fields.
References
1) http://www.jcprg.org/exfor/2) http://www-nds.iaea.org/
3) http://www.jcprg.org/
4) J. Hu et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 025803 (2014).
5) M. U. Khandaker, et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 119, 252(2014).
6) H. S. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 035805 (2014).
7) N. Sato et al., Radiochim. Acta 102, 211 (2014).
8) M. Murakami et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 90, 149 (2014).
9) M. U. Khandaker et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 302,
759 (2014).
10) K. Tshoo et al., Phys. Lett. B 739, 19 (2014).
11) M. Takechi, et al., Phys. Rev. C 90, 061305(R) (2014).
12) M. U. Khandaker et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res., Sect. B 346, 8 (2015).
13) T. Moriguchi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 929, 83 (2014).
14) Zs. Vajta et al., Phys. Rev. C 91, 064315 (2015).

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education,
Hokkaido University
NDS, IAEA- 90 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

New EXFOR editor: a review of recent developments
A. Sarsembayeva,∗1 S. Imai,∗2 S. Ebata,∗1 M. Chiba,∗3 N. Otuka,∗4,∗5 and M. Aikawa∗1,∗5
EXFOR1) is an experimental nuclear reaction datalibrary maintained by the IAEA on behalf of the International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres(NRDC)2) . It is accessible publically and is widelyused in fields of scientific research such as nuclear
physics, design and operation of nuclear power plants,
medical isotopes, and radiotherapy. Currently, 14data centers of the NRDC are present worldwide, andthey collaborate mainly for collection, dissemination,compilation, and exchange of experimental data using the EXFOR format. The Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data Centre (JCPRG, formerly Japan
Charged-Particle Nuclear Reaction Data Group) became a member of the NRDC Network in the early
1980s3) . JCPRG compiles and accumulates charged
particle nuclear reaction data produced in acceleratorbased facilities in Japan. A web-based Hyper Editor
for Nuclear Data Exchange Libraries (HENDEL) was
adopted to compile experimental nuclear reaction datain Nuclear Reaction Data File (NRDF) and EXFOR
formats4) . In an EXFOR compilation workshop (610 Oct. 2014, Vienna), EXFOR compilers emphasizedthat it is important to develop an OS independent EXFOR editor system5) . In order to establish an OS independent EXFOR editor system, Java was selected asa programming language. A stand-alone type application for compiling experimental nuclear reaction data
For EXFOR (ForEX) is being developed.
When we started the development of the program,our goal was to develop a fast, light, and userfriendly editor to compile nuclear reaction data withmaximum flexibility. To achieve user-friendliness,
we implemented the following functions: 1) collapsible/expandable items, 2) add/remove buttons, 3)a filterable suggestion field, 4) text filtering for a table,
and 5) a dynamic suggestion field. In addition to the
new functions, some external tools such as DANLO
and CHEX can be executed in ForEX. DANLO is atool to extract a dictionary of codes in EXFOR and isutilized for ForEX. CHEX is a checking program for
the EXFOR format.

unnecessary to view the reaction information.
Therefore, the collapsible/expandable function
is implemented for each item.
(2) Add/remove buttons
Similar to the concept of collapsible/expandable
items, the number of input areas must be
minimum at first.
These areas can be
added/removed interactively by buttons.
(3) Filterable suggestion field
Since there are several codes for some keywords,
compilers often find it very difficult to selectthe correct code. Therefore, filterable suggestion fields were implemented to allow compilers
to save time and avoid mistakes.
(4) Text filtering for a table
Similar to the concept of filterable suggestion
fields, codes can be suggested by a keyword input. In particular, there are several codes related to reactions that are similar; therefore,
with text filtering, an appropriate list of reaction codes can be obtained easily.
(5) Dynamic suggestion field
The purpose of a dynamic suggestion fields is tomake data input easier and more reliable. For
example, the compiler chooses an input fromone list, which restricts the related contentsof another list. The dynamic suggestion fieldpresents two suggestion fields working in conjunction with one another, prompting end users
with only relevant data.
A new EXFOR editor system, ForEX, is being developed in Java as a stand-alone application. ForEX canprovide an environment for compiling numerical datawith its bibliographic and experimental information in
the EXFOR format. The input part of the program
has been developed and tested on Linux and Windows
platforms; however the output and import functions of
the program are still under development. Testing on
the Mac OS is in progress.
References
1) EXchange FORmat, https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/
exfor.htm, 2016/03/03.
2) N. Otuka (ed.), Report INDC(NDS)-0401 Rev.6, IAEA
(2014).
3) Nuclear Reaction Data Centre, http://www.jcprg.
org/, 2016/03/03.
4) Web-based Editor for Nuclear Data, http://www.
jcprg.org/hendel/, 2016/03/03.
5) V. Semkova, B. Pritychenko (eds.), Report INDC(NDS)0672, IAEA (2015).

(1) Collapsible/expandable item
Many types of information and data are required
as input for each keyword. For instance, the reaction information consists of information about
the projectile, target, emitted particles, and soon. However, while inputting other data, it is
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education,
Hokkaido University
Sapporo-Gakuin University
Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency
RIKEN Nishina Center- 91 -

4. Hadron Physics

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Determination of the detector acceptance correction for the
PHENIX W → µ analysis
S. Park∗1 for the PHENIX collaboration
The cross section and single spin asymmetry of parity violating W production in longitudinally polarized
proton collisions have been studied at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider as an important probe for sea quark
polarization in the proton. At PHENIX, W bosons canbe measured via their decays into electrons at midrapidities (|η| < 0.35) and muons at forward/backward
rapidities (1.2 < |η| < 2.4). Since the preliminary result of the W → µ channel was obtained with the highstatistics data sample of 20131) , analysis progress has
been made towards the publication. One importantcomponent is to get the final acceptance correction of
the forward muon spectrometer that is applied on themeasured W candidates to calculate the total crosssection. The total cross section of W → lν in protonproton collisions can be written as:

Data

0.025

MC

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

azimuth angle [rad]

(a)
0.02

Data (all)

0.018

MC

0.016
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008

σ(pp → W +(−) X) × BR(W +(−) → l+(−) ν)
1 (Nobs − Nbg )(1 − fZ )
=
L
<A·>

0.006
0.004
0.002

(1)

0

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

azimuth angle [rad](b)where L is total integrated luminosity, Nobs(bg) is thenumber of observed signal (background) events, A · 
is the acceptance and total efficiency correction, andfZ is the fraction of leptonic decays of Z bosons in thesignal.
In order to determine the detector acceptance,
Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation samples were produced
using the PYTHIA event generator and the PHENIX
detector simulation packages based on GEANT3. The
MC samples were passed through the same analysis
software as the real data. Realistic detector responses
such as data driven detector hit efficiency, gain andpedestal calibrations, dead HV modules and readout
channels under different beam and detector condition
are considered. Figure 1a shows an example of azimuthal distributions of single muon candidates in thenorth side of the detector for a representative data
sample and MC sample.
In this study, we also found that the detector performance varied throughout the data taking periods. Thisis mainly caused by instability of the readout channels and the number of enabled HV modules of the
PHENIX Muon Tracking Chambers2) . The numberof inactive readout channels and disabled HV modules were scanned for different data taking period in
2013, and we found variations especially in readout
channels. The possible causes of the variation in readout channels are problems in gain and pedestal calibrations or detector malfuctions while the HV module∗1-3

Fig. 1. (a) Azimuthal distributions of a representative data
sample (blue) and MC (red). Each bin covers about
0.05 rad. (b) Azimuthal distributions of averaged data
(black) and the same MC plot (red) as in (a).

status changes typically when the background rate ishigh. When an output current of a module exceeds a
set current, the HV channel in the module becomesdisabled to protect the detector. Therefore, we introduced azimuthal angle dependent correction factors
between data and MC to include this fluctuation in thesimulation. Figure 1b shows the averaged data distribution along with the MC plot for the representative
data sample. The averaged data distribution is obtained by summing the entire 2013 data set with aweight of luminosity for different data taking periods.
Then, the ratio between the averaged data and MC istaken as the correction factor for each bin. Using thecorrection factors, A ·  is being estimated including
the trigger, reconstruction and analysis cut efficiencies.
Currently, the estimation of systematic uncertainty for
A ·  is also ongoing and will be finalized in the immediate future.
References
1) R. Seidl: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 104 (2014).
2) H. Akikawa et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 499, 537(2003).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 93 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Overall trigger eﬃciency estimation
for W analysis at PHENIX
C. Kim,∗1,∗2 I. Nakagawa,∗2 S. Park,2 and R. Seidl ∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
The large uncertainty of ﬂavor-separated spin contributions of anti-quarks to the spin 1/2 can be constrained using W analysis at PHENIX. The observable
is a single longitudinal spin asymmetry (AL ), originating from parity-violating W production calculated bycollecting single muons from W bosons. The muons
were collected via multiple muon sensitive Global Level
1 (GL1) triggers from 2011 to 2013 during data recording periods. Owing to the heavy Monte-Carlo simulation dependence and necessity of precise W crosssection measurement, precise estimation of the trigger
eﬃciency is essential.
However, there are a few diﬃculties to overcome inactual trigger eﬃciency estimation.
First, owing to the use of multiple triggers (e.g., 13
for 2013 data), more than 1 trigger can be ﬁred in agiven muon event. Though the probabilty of multiple
triggers ﬁred for an event drops following a Poisson
distribution, it is important to know the number ofﬁred triggers as well as their combination. Therefore,
we investigated all possible trigger combinations andyields in the data, and then obtained a list of highly
contributing combinations. By measuring these combinations’ relative fraction in the data and their eﬃciency, the overall eﬃciency of all muon triggers in thedata can be estimated. The top plot in Fig. 1 showsa fraction of 77 trigger combinations in the ﬁnal data.
Note that each trigger combination’s fraction was measured in a certain pseudorapidity (η) window to take
into account its η dependence.
Second, there exists a linear correlation between thetrigger eﬃciency and the W signal likelihood (W ness).
The W ness is a key parameter of the analysis; it is a
probability that indicates how close an event is to theW signal. The higher the W ness (→ 1), more likely
the event is the W signal. In this analysis, only a verysmall fraction of the data with a high W ness (≥ 0.92)
is used as the ﬁnal candidates for the evaluation and weneed to know the average trigger eﬃciency of the fraction. It is appropriate to measure the trigger eﬃciency
with these candidates however, owing to the scarcity ofhigh-W ness candidates, statistical uncertainty dominates if we directly measure the eﬃciency with thesecandidates only. Therefore, we separate the data intoa few W ness windows (e.g., 0.1 < W ness < 0.2), estimate each eﬃciency separately, and then extrapolate
the eﬃciency from low W ness to high W ness for the
average eﬃciency in the high-W ness region. The bottom plot of Fig. 1 shows each trigger combination’s∗1∗2Fig. 1. Map of speciﬁc trigger combination fractions in thedata (top) and their eﬃciency (bottom).

extrapolated eﬃciency in the high-W ness region.
The combination of triggers, their relative fractions,and extrapolated eﬃciencies are currently being crosschecked using multiple analyzers to obtain the ﬁnal
asymmetry result.

Department of Physics, Korea University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 94 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Status of longitudinal double helicity asymmetries (ALL ) in π ±√productions in s = 510 GeV polarized p + p collisions in
RHIC-PHENIX experiment
T. Moon∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
Uncorrected π± p spectra

The spin of the proton is 1/2 which is explained by
the angular momentum sum rule in terms of quark andgluon components. Results of EMC experiments andothers suggested that the quarks and anti-quarks contribute to only about 30% of the proton spin. Gluons
and the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons probably account for the rest of the proton spin.
Spin analysis using π ± production is particularly interesting in investigating the contribution of the gluons to
the proton spin.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is aunique facility providing longitudinally polarized p + p
collisions. It enables us to expore the role of gluons in
the intrinsic properties of the proton.
In perturbative Quantum Chromodynomics, pion
production is sensitive to the gluon helicity distributions (∆g) in the proton because their production isdominated by gluon-related interactions (q-g and g-g
scatterings) in the pT region probed in PHENIX, 4.8
GeV/c < pT < 16.5 GeV/c. The gluon helicity distribution (∆g) can be constrained by measuring the
double helicity asymmetries (ALL ) in π 0 and π ± production in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions. The
asymmetry is defined asσ++ − σ+−(1)
ALL (pT ) =σ++ + σ+−π ± Yield [a.u]

T

∗2

π+

103

102

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

pT [GeV/c]

Fig. 1. pT spectra of π ±Charged particles including π ± are reconstructed using the drift chamber (DC), pad chambers (PC) covering the pseudo-rapidity range |η| < 0.35, and azimuthal angle ∆φ = π. When a charged particle passes
through a di-electric medium, CO2 gas in the RICH,
at a speed faster than the phase velocity of light in themedium, it emits the Cerenkov light which then fires
the array of photomultiplier tubes (PMT). In the momentum region of interest, only e± and π ± emit lightand can thus be preselected by RICH activity. e± deposits most of its energy in the EM showers. On theother hand π ± on average deposits only a third of theirenergy in the EMCal. Therefore, π ± is separated fromother particles using the RICH and the EMCal. In
addition to the cuts mentioned above, the acceptancecut and the track matching with hit on the EMCal and
PCs were required. Fig.1 shows π ± pT spectra after
applying the cuts. A turn on curve is cleary observed
at a pT of 4.8 GeV/c because π ± survives from the cut
requirement. However, some background may remain,
as mentioned.
(1) conversion electron reconstructed with wrong pT(2) π ± originating from hadronic decay
In the PHENIX tracking algorithm, the tracks are
not propagated to the decay vertex but to the event
vertex. So the tracks for types (1) and (2) may not
be reconstructed correctly and cuts are carefully being applied to the tracks at present. After the cut
optimization, both the cross section and ALL will bemeasured.
√In summary, π ± analysis was started at s = 510
GeV. With more statistical data, a more precise measurement of ALL in π ± production is expected.

where, σ++(+−) denotes the π ± cross section from acollision with the same (opposite) helicity.
Yet, unlike the π 0 which can be triggered via photons in an Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal) andRing Imaging Cerenkov Detector (RICH), no dedicated charged hadron trigger exists and thus the π ±statistics are less than for π 0 .
However, π ± analysis at mid-rapidity has the advantage of confirming the sign of gluon polarization (∆G)
in the proton simply by ordering the longitudinal double helicity asymmetries (ALL ) of the pion charges.
√
The result of π ± analysis with data taken at s =200 GeV has already been published in 20091) . In 2013,
PHENIX√recorded a total integrated luminosity of 145
pb−1 at s = 510 GeV within a 30 cm vertex region
which is 10 times
 higher than the previous one. The
figure of merit ( LPB2 PY2 dt) considering beam polarization (PB and PY ) was also higher. Therefore, theresult of the ongoing analysis is expected to help determine the sign of the gluon polarization (∆G) witha higher precision.
∗1

π104

Reference
1) A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D
91, 032001 (2015).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yonsei University- 95 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Quality assurance of PHENIX spin database for Run 15 at RHIC
S. Karthas,∗1 I. Nakagawa,∗2 and A. Deshpande∗1
The PHENIX collaboration at Brookhaven National
Laboratory takes advantage of the spin-polarized proton beam at RHIC in order to perform spin dependent
analyses. All spin relevant information are stored ina spin database accessible to the collaboration. All
the information were obtained over the 10.9 weeks ofproton-proton collisions, 5.1 weeks of proton-Gold collisions, and 1.9 weeks of proton-Aluminum collisions
at RHIC in 2015.
Due to some glitch of the accelerator control system,
there are some occasions when incorrect or null information are recorded in the database. The following
is a review and status of the quality assurance (QA)
analysis of the database of all physics runs taken in
Run 15. This QA was necessary to ensure sufficientaccuracy of the data available to the collaboration inthis database for data analyses.
The first step of the QA was to check if any of thephysics runs were missing from the database. In thefirst pass over the database there were a total of 24
missing runs. The reasons for missing runs included
the following: PHENIX magnet trips midway whilecollecting data, unsuccessful crossing shift calibrations,and issues with the data acquisition system. Of these
24 missing runs, two have been recovered and likely 13
will be recoverable since these runs were not included
as a result of an unsuccessful calibration. Those remaining, for which there was a magnet trip, will not
be used for physics analyses.
Next, it was necessary to check that each run was
assigned to the proper RHIC fill number so the spin
patterns and polarizations for each run could be crosschecked with the polarimetry group. The initial filltime is provided by the Collider Accelerator Department (CAD) as the time of beam injection and thePHENIX data acquisition system recorded the begin
and end run times. In order to verify that a run was
assigned the proper RHIC fill number, it was checkedthat the begin run time was after its associated begin
fill time and before the begin fill time for the next fill.
This method proved that all physics runs were originally assigned to the proper RHIC fill number.
The spin patterns and crossing shifts in the spin
database were checked for consistency across all runs ineach fill. The spin pattern is a record of the spin direction for each bunch of protons in the collider for a given
fill. The crossing shift is a PHENIX specific quantitythat defines the shift in the bunch number from thezeroth bunch along the bunch train. This was nec∗1∗2

essary because within a fill the crossing shift or spin
pattern should not change, but in the spin database
this occurred occasionally. The spin patterns were also
checked for consistency with the CAD database. For
inconsistencies in the crossing shift throughout a fill,
the Global Level 1 scalars were assessed to indicate
the reason for the anomaly. These scalars are scaled
down numbers of triggered events, which indicate thepresence of unfilled bunches for this QA. If no reason
was found and the bunch crossings were normal, theanomalous run(s)’s crossing shift was changed to thecrossing shift of all other runs in that fill. In addition, there were some fills that indicated an abnormal
crossing shift and were addressed on a fill-by-fill basis.
There were 7 fills for which one or more crossing shifts
were inconsistent and 5 of those have been resolved.
The remaining fills are still under investigation. Twofills had inconsistent spin patterns with CAD. These
were corrected on a run-by-run basis.
The polarization of the beam is the percentage ofeach proton bunch that is spin polarized in the designated spin direction. It is known that the polarization
gradually decays while the polarized beam is stored in
the ring for 6 to 7 h. While several physics runs aretaken during this period, assigning a simple averagepolarization of the fill to each run is not necessarily
representative of the actual polarization of the run.
We introduce ‘dynamic polarization’ to reflect the polarization decay for later runs in the fill by solving thefollowing formula:
Pdyn = Pinit + Pslope ∗ (brt − bf t)(1)

where Pdyn is the dynamic polarization, Pinit is theinitial fill polarization, Pslope is the slope of the fill polarization provided by the polarimetry group, bf t is the
begin fill time, and brt is the begin run time. The uncertainty for the dynamic polarization was calculated
by simple error propagation.
∆Pdyn = (∆Pinit )2 + (∆Pslope ∗ (brt − bf t))2 (2)The dynamic polarizations will be re-calculated once
the final polarization values are released after thoroughoffline analysis is carried out by the polarimeter group.

Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of
New York at Stony Brook
RIKEN Nishina Center- 96 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Gain
Shower Max
MaxDetector
Detector(SMD)(SMD)
Gaincalibration
calibrationof
ofthe
the PHENIX
PHENIX Shower
J. Yoo,＊1,＊2 I. Nakagama,＊1 M. Kim＊1,＊3
In order to measure the energies and positions of very
forward neutrons after proton-proton and heavy ion
collision, Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) and Shower
Max Detector (SMD) are located ±1800 cm away from thecollision point.1) The SMD is composed of 7 vertical and 8
horizontal plastic scintillator stripes. The SMD measures
the shower profile of high energy neutrons come frominteraction point. The incident neutron position isreconstructed using following equation1):

was evaluated using different functions (Landau, andLandau + Gaussian).

Position =where sum runs for number of hit SMD strips that havesignals above the threshold and 'smd energy' is the observed
energy in a given SMD strip, and 'smd position' is the center
position of the corresponding strip. As the reconstructed
position of an incident neutron is weighted by the energy
deposit in the SMD strips, the gain of each strip should bematched in order to reconstruct the neutron position
correctly.
The gain matching result for horizontal SMD strips is
discussed in this report. Gain matching was carried out
using a 60Co source. 60Co emits gamma-rays with decayenergies of 1.173 or 1.332 MeV. The source rate was of asimilar order of to that of the cosmic ray rates; thus, thecosmic backgrounds are subtracted from the ADC spectra inorder to extract the ADC distribution from the source.

Fig. 2. Fitting results according to methods of meancalculation at detector 1.
Figure 2 shows four kinds of fitting for the same data.
The 'cutting mean' excludes the low ADC region tominimize the effect of low statistics. The mean value
estimated from the Gaussian fit gives the central value ofthe gain and the variation of different fits gives thesystematic error.

Fig. 1. Distributions of ADC data from 60Co with cosmic
rays (left) and 60Co (right).
Fig. 3. Relative SMD gain according to calibration method.

Figure 1 (left panel) shows the raw ADC spectra
with/without a source. The right panel shows the extracted
spectrum after the cosmic background subtraction. In orderto quantify the gain, we attempted Gaussian fitting of the
ADC peak. The model dependence of the fitting function

The gain values obtained from different fits as well as theones used for past analyses are plotted in Fig. 3. The
resulting gain will then be determined by reconstructing theposition distribution using real data.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Korea University＊3
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University＊1

Reference＊21) M. Kim, PHENIX analysis note 1246.

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Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurement of transverse single spin asymmetry for J/ψ
production in polarized p+p and p+Au collisions at PHENIX
C. Xu,∗1 H. Yu,∗1 and X. Wang∗1,∗2
Large transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs)
were first observed in 1976 at large xF in pion production from√ transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at s = 4.9 GeV, and they were subsequently
observed in hadronic√ collisions over a range of energies
extending up to s = 200 GeV at RHIC energy. In
order to describe large TSSAs, two approaches havebeen developed since the 1990s. One approach requires higher-twist contributions in the collinear factorization scheme and the other approach utilizes parton distribution functions and/or fragmentation functions that are unintegrated in the partonic transverse momentum, kT . These functions are generally
known as transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs). These two approaches have different
but overlapping kinematic regimes of applicability, andthey have been shown to correspond exactly in theirregion of overlap1) .
Heavy-flavor production mainly come results fromgluon-gluon interaction at RHIC energy. J/ψ production has been extensively studied over the last decades,
but the details of the production mechanism remain
an open question. The measurement of heavy-flavor
TSSA can serve to isolate gluon dynamics within the
nucleon. It was proposed in 2008 by Yuan2) that within
the framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD), the
TSSA of J/ψ production can be sensitive to the J/ψ
production mechanism. It should be noted that therelationship between the TSSA and the production
mechanism is not quite as simple in the collinear
higher-twist approach.
The J/ψ production have been measured by the
PHENIX muon spectrometers at forward and backward rapidities (1.2 < |η| < 2.4), where two muons
enter the same arm. TSSA for the J/ψ → µ+ µ− decay
channel were determined by subtracting a backgroundasymmetry from the inclusive signal as
J/ψ

AN

=

− r · ABG
AIncl
N
N
,
1−r

r=

NIncl − NJ/ψ
NIncl

AN

limited and they are consistent with zero. During 2015
RHIC run, PHENIX recorded 50 pb−1 polarized p+p
collisions with a much higher average polarization of
60%. We expect that the statistical errors of the measurement will be improved significantly. The expected
statistical uncertainty of inclusive J/ψ AN from 2015
p+p collision is shown in the Fig 1.

∗2

Run15 sta. err ~ 1.0% (projection)
Run12 sta. err ~ 2.2% (preliminary)Run6+Run8 sta. err ~ 2.6% (PRD 86, 099904(E), 2012)

0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1

-0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
xF

Fig. 1. Projected statistical uncertainty of inclusive J/ψ
AN from the 2015 polarized p + p collisions at 200
GeV.

In additional to the polarized p+p collision, RHIC
also successfully ran polarized proton beam collisions
with large nuclear Au targets. A recent theoretical
study proposed that scattering a polarized proton on
the saturated nuclear may provide a unique way ofprobing the gluon and quark TMDs. Measuring theratio of AN in polarized p+Au and p+p at 200 GeV
might shade a light on the test for saturation physics4) .
The measurement of J/ψAN in these two polarized collision systems are in progress. The invariant mass distributions of dimuons in p + p and p + Au are shownin Fig 2. Invariant mass distributions are fitted using
a third-order polynomial and two Gaussian functions.

(1)

The first measurement of TSSAs in J/ψ production
was published in 2010. The data were taken by the
PHENIX√during the 2006 and 2008 polarized protonruns at s = 200 GeV; the integrated luminositis
are 1.8 pb−1 and 4.5 pb−1 , and the averaged polarizations are 53% and 45% respectively. The pT andxF dependencies are studied, for rapidity regions of−2.2 < y < −1.2, |y| < 0.35. and 1.2 < y < 2.2, andfor pT up to 6 GeV/c3) . The results are statistically∗1

0.1

Fig. 2. Invariant mass distribution for p+p and p+Au collisions in 2015 run.

References
1) X.-D. Ji, J.-W. Qiu, W. Vogelsang, Phys. Rev. Lett 97,
082002 (2006).
2) F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D78, 014024 (2008).
3) PHENIX collaboration: Phys. Rev. D 82, 112008(2010), D 86, 099904 (2012).
4) Y. Kovchegov, M. Sievert, ArXiv: 1201.5890 [hep-ph](2012).

Department of Physics, New Mexico State University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 98 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Studies on transverse spin properties of nucleons at PHENIX
Y. Goto∗1 for the PHENIX Collaboration
For understanding the polarized structure of the nucleon, we have performed measurements with polarized proton collisions at RHIC using the PHENIX detector. A 3-D picture including the transverse structure of the nucleon provides a conclusive understanding of the nucleon structure beyond the simple parton
picture. It shows many-body correlation of partonsand presents the orbital motion inside the nucleon. It
is described by extending or generalizing the pictureof the 1-D parton distribution, and measured withtransversely polarized proton collisions. Experimentally, it is measured as single transverse-spin asymmetry AN = (dσ ↑ −dσ ↓)/(dσ ↑ +dσ ↓), where dσ ↑(dσ ↓) is the production cross section when the protons are polarized up (down).
AN has shown unexpected large asymmetry in
the forward-rapidity region and required development of many models based on perturbative QCD.
There are two theory frameworks. One is the socalled Sivers effect in the initial state. It is described by Sivers distribution function, which represents transverse-momentum dependence of partonsinside the transversely-polarized nucleon, or highertwist distribution function, which shows quark-gluon
and multi-gluon correlations. The other is the socalled Collins effect with transversity distribution in
the initial state combined with final-state effect. The
transversity distribution represents a correlation between the transversely polarized nucleon and the transversely polarized partons inside. The final-state effect is described by Collins fragmentation function or
higher-twist fragmentation function.
In 2006, an electromagnetic calorimeter systemcalled Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC) was installed
in a small cylindrical hole in the muon magnet piston.
It consists of lead tungstate crystals and covers theforward and backward rapidity region, 3.1 < |η| < 3.9.
Measurements of AN in forward electromagnetic clusters 1) and π 0 and η mesons2) with the MPC showedlarge forward asymmetry increasing with Feynman x(xF ) as shown in the previous measurements. In frontof the MPC, preshower detectors3) were installed in
2014. We will measure prompt photon asymmetry,
which is sensitive to the Sivers effect, and π 0 correlations with jet-like clusters, which are sensitive to the
Collins effect.
We also measured asymmetry of open heavy-flavor
production, or charmed meson production. Since
heavy-flavor production is dominated by the gluonfusion process and has no final-state effect, it is sensitive to the gluon inside the nucleon. We have already∗1

Fig. 1. AN of the single-muon from charmed-meson decay;(left) xF dependence, (center) pT dependence of theforward muon, xF > 0, (right) pT dependence of the
backward muon, xF < 0.

had a good knowledge on the quark sector where twist3 quark-gluon correlation functions contribute to the
AN , however the gluon sector where twist-3 tri-gluon
correlation functions contribute is largely unknown .
Figure 1 shows our preliminary results for AN measurement of the single-muon from charmed-meson decay in 2012. Much improved results are expected to beobtained in 2015 through the use of the forward siliconvertex detector (FVTX) installed in 2012. The FVTX
can identify secondary decay vertex of the charmed meson by measuring the distance of the closest approachof the muon track from the initial collision vertex. AN
of µ+ and µ− will be measured at an error level of 1%.
In theoretical calculations, they are expected to be different so that charm and anti-charm contributions canbe distinguished. Asymmetry of heavy-flavor production has also been measured in J/ψ channel4) .
After the 2016 RHIC run, the PHENIX detector will
be upgraded by replacing the present central magnet
with a solenoid, which will make the forward direction
available. We have proposed a forward spectrometerto cover rapidity region 1 < η < 4, with a capabilityof measuring hadrons, photons, electrons, muons andjets5) . The forward upgrades will extend our ability toinvestigate the Sivers and Collins effects by performing
full jet reconstruction; the Sivers effect through theobservation of the AN of the final-state jet itself, andthe Collins effect through an azimuthal anisotropy inthe distribution of hadrons in the jet.
References
1) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D
90, no. 1, 012006 (2014).
2) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D
90, no. 7, 072008 (2014).
3) S. Campbell et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], arXiv:1301.
1096 [nucl-ex].
4) X. Wang for the PHENIX Collaboration: in this report.
5) Y. Goto for the PHENIX Collaboration: RIKEN Accel.
Prog. Rep., Vol.47 (2014), p.93.

RIKEN Nishina Center- 99 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Investigation ofof prompt
prompt photon
photon asymmetries
assymetries using
Investigation
using thethe MPC-EX
MPC-EX
detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory
D. Kapukchyan∗1 for the PHENIX collaboration
Measurements of transverse single spin asymmetries(TSSA) and theoretical predications for them did notmatch during the 1980s and 1990s. These experiments showed that, at energies on the order of 10
GeV, TSSAs were not as small as predicted by collinear
QCD. The results of these experiments persisted evenat energies as high as 500 GeV and it seemed that theywould not go away.
Such observations have shown that a further development of QCD and pQCD is required in order to understand the possible sources of these TSSAs. Developments in pQCD have shown that both initial state andfinal state effects can give rise to transverse spin asymmetries. The initial state effects include the Sivers
Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) PDF picture and collinear higher twist effects. The Sivers TMD
picture arises from the correlation between the proton
spin and the transverse momentum of the quark.
The focus of our project is to measure the Sivers Effect and other effects to the TSSAs will be neglected
here. In order to measure the Sivers effect the prompt(direct) photon asymmetries (AN ) will have to be measured. The prompt photons are the result of the p + p
collision itself and not the result of any photons that
may arise as a result of a decay from the various otherproducts of such a collision. This asymmetry will say
something about the direction the quarks were moving
with respect to the proton’s spin (i.e. Sivers effect)
since the direct photon products will be sensitive tothis motion.
In Run 15 at Brookhaven National Labs (BNL)such a measurement was taken using an upgrade to
the existing Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC) at thePHENIX detector. This upgrade is an extension of
the MPC detector and aptly named MPC extension(MPC-EX). During Run 15 the MPC-EX
ran and col√lected data for p+p collisions at s = 200 GeV energy
as well as p + Au collisions at the same energy. BNL
is able to produce transversely polarized proton beams
which is ideal for measuring AN since the Sivers effectrequires transversely polarized protons.
The main issue in measuring direct photons is eliminating the photon signal that occurs as a result ofphotons that have decayed from other products of thecollision. The main decay mode that is troubling is
π 0 →γ + γ. Since the energy of the collisions is so highthat the two photons produced as a result of this decay
will have a very small angle between them. The MPC
is able to distinguish π 0 s with energies up to 20 GeV.
∗1

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Riverside- 100 -The MPC-EX has the advantage over the MPC in thatin can distinguish π 0 s up to 80 GeV thus eliminating agreater portion of this decay mode and will allow muchbetter isolation of the direct photon signal.
Our analysis has and will consist of trying to eliminate the π 0 decays first. The simulated data is currently being used to find the best method to do thisand will be compared to the real data in the coming
year. In order to reconstruct the π 0 , the energies andhits in the MPC-EX need to be calibrated and alignedwith the MPC data. This data will then be used toobtain the photon energies and momenta which canthen be used to find out if they came from a π 0 or
not. Once the π 0 signal has been eliminated then theprompt photons can be studied and the asymmetry
calculated.
My analysis thus far has consisted at looking at minimum ionization peaks (MIP) in the MPC-EX and using that to make cuts on where to search for the hits.
Once the hits were identified this led to trying to findtracks in the detector in Hough space. Hough space iseasier to work with since it normalizes the z-coordinate(direction of motion) to one, which allows for an easier way to work with the tracks since we have reduced
our space coordinates by one and only need to worry
about the other directions. Once the track is identified
the other directions (x and y) will say something about
the showers that developed and make it easier to track
their size and energy.
My focus currently is to reconstruct single track π 0 s
using the showers and hits from the detector. Thistask is made difficult by the fact that as the showers
grow they will eventually overlap with the track andshowers created from another photon. The challenge
will be in trying to distinguish these kind of events.
Even after distinguishing most of these events there
will still remain some events that are the result of a π 0
but did not get rejected either because the signal wasat the edge of the detector or because of the resolutionof the detector. Once the location of the photon signals
for a π 0 decay have been determined the opening angle
between the photons can be used to reconstruct theorigin of the π 0 and its energy. Thus leading a way forthe calculation of AN .
Reference
1) S. Campbell et al. [PHENIX Collaboration],
arXiv:1301.1096 [nucl-ex].

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Analysis of displaced electron tracks with the silicon vertex tracker√
in Au+Au collisions sN N = 200 GeV at RHIC-PHENIX†
H. Asano,∗1,∗2 A. Adare,∗3 Y. Akiba,∗2 S. Bathe,∗4,∗2 J. Bryslawskyj,∗4 T. Hachiya,∗2 T. Koblesky,∗3
M. Kurosawa,∗2 D. McGlinchey,∗3 T. Moon,∗5,∗2 K. Nagamishima, ∗6,∗2 H. Nakagomi,∗7,∗2 R. Nouicer,∗8
T. Rinn∗9 Z. Rowan,∗4 T. Sumita,∗2 A. Taketani,∗2 and the PHENIX VTX group
The PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured open heavy
ﬂavor production in minimum bias Au+Au collisions√
at sN N = 200 GeV via the yields of electrons fromsemileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons.
Previous heavy ﬂavor electron measurements indicatedsubstantial modiﬁcation in the momentum distribution of the parent heavy quarks due to the quark-gluon
plasma created in these collisions1) . However, at thattime, PHENIX was not able to distinguish electrons
from charm and bottom hadrons independently.
For the speciﬁc purpose of separating the contributions of electrons from charm and bottom hadrons
at midrapidity, the PHENIX Collaboration has added
micro-vertexing capabilities in the form of a silicon vertex tracker (VTX) in 2011. The diﬀerent lifetimes andkinematics for charm and bottom hadrons decaying toelectrons enables separation of their contributions withmeasurements of displaced tracks (i.e. the decay electron not pointing back to the collision vertex).

We measured the distance of closest approach ofelectron tracks in the transverse plane (DCAT ) as illustrated in Fig.1 and subtracted various backgrounds:
misidentiﬁed hadrons, mis-reconstructed electron, conversion electrons, electrons from Dalitz decay, kaon decay electrons, heavy-quarkonia decay.
After subtracting those backgrounds, we performed
an unfolding procedure to ﬁt the DCAT distribution
as shown in Fig.2. The sum of the background components, electrons from charm and bottom decays isshown as the red curve for direct comparison with thedata. The gray band indicates the region in DCAT
considered in the unfolding procedure.
In conclusion, we have succeeded in separation ofelectrons from charm and bottom hadrons decay byusing the VTX detector.

VTX
magnec field
Collision vertex

Fig. 1. Illustration of the definition of DCAT ≡ L - R in
the transverse plane.
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 93, 034904(2016)
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder
Department of Natural Science, City University of New York
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Department of Physics, Hiroshima University
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Universityof Tsukuba
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University- 101 -

Fig. 2. The DCAT distribution for measured electrons
compared to the decomposed DCAT distributions forbackground components, electrons from charm decays,
and electrons from bottom decays.

References
1) A. Adare et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 98 17230 (2007)
2) M Baker et al., Proposal for a Silicon Vertex Tracker(VTX) for PHENIX Experiment, 2004 BNL72204-2004,
Physics Dept. BNL

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Current status of open heavy flavor measurements in
RHIC-PHENIX RUN14
K. Nagashima,∗1,∗2 A. Adare,∗2 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗1,∗4 S. Bathe,∗1,∗5 J. Bryslawskeyj,∗5 T. Hachiya,∗1
T. Koblesky,∗3 M. Kurosawa,∗1 D. Mcglinchey,∗3 T. Moon,∗1,∗6 H. Nakagomi,∗7 R. Nouicer,∗8 T. Rinn,∗9
Z. Rowan,∗5 T. Sumita,∗1 and A. Taketani∗1
The Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) existed in the early
universe. We are studying the physical property of the
QGP at RHIC-PHENIX. It can be characterized by thequark energy loss mechanism. Especially heavy quarks(charm and bottom) are important probes of the QGP.
They are predominantly produced during hard scattering in the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision producesthem dominantly, since the charm and bottom masses
are larger than the temperature of the QGP. Additionally the energy loss of heavy quarks would be expected to be smaller than that of light quarks due tolower collisional energy loss and the Dead-Cone-Eﬀect
that leads to a strong suppression of small angle gluon
radiation. The silicon vertex tracker (VTX) was installed and used to measure the ﬁrst data in 2011. It
can separate the charm and bottom hadron decay electrons with the distance of closest approach (DCA). The
DCA of a track is calculated separately in the transverse plane (DCAT ) and the beam direction (DCAL )as shown in Fig.1.

Fig. 1. DCAT is defined as DCAT = L - R in the transverse(bending) plane

We focus on DCAT for the analysis because DCAT
has a better resolution than DCAL in the design performance. In order to estimate the charm and bottom
hadron invariant yields separately, we use a DCA cocktail method subtracting all background components es∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Hiroshima University
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Natural Science, Baruch College, CUNY
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Brookhaven National Laboratry
Department of Physics, Iowa State University

timated by simulations and data, and a Bayesian inference technique based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC).
PHENIX reported the nuclear modiﬁcation factor
RAA of electrons from charm and bottom hadron de√cays separately based on Au+Au collisions at sN N =1,2)
200 GeV recorded in 2004 and 2011.
We found thatsuppression of electrons from bottom hadron decays
is lesser than that from charm for the region 3 < pT
< 4 GeV/c.3,4) Accordingly, we plan to measure thecentrality dependence of RAA over a broader pT range
with high statistics data recorded in 2014. It is expected to have 10 times more statistics than the data
recorded in 2011. VTX performances was the same in2014 and 2011, as a result of comparing DCAT resolutions as shown in Fig.2. We ﬁnished the calibration

Fig. 2. DCAT resolution as a function of pT in Run14
AuAu (blue) and Run11 AuAu (read). The comparison
shows that detector performances are much the same.

and quality assurance of the 2014 data and obtained
the electron DCAT distribution in each centrality bin.
The next step is to estimate the normalization andshape of all background components in order to decomvolute the electron DCAT distribution. Eventually we will obtain the invariant cross section of both
charm and bottom hadrons, and compare it with the
p+p collision data recorded in 2015 to estimate RAA .
References
1) A. Adare et al; Phys. Rev. C 84, 044905 (2011).
2) A. Adare et al; arXiv:1509.04662.
3) T. Hachiya et al: In this report.
4) H. Asano et al: In this report.

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron√
decays in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV†
T. Hachiya,∗1 A. Adare,∗2 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗1,∗3 S. Bathe,∗1,∗4 J. Bryslawskeyj,∗4 T. Koblesky,∗2
M. Kurosawa,∗1 D. Mcglinchey,∗1 T. Moon,∗1,∗5 K. Nagashima,∗1,∗6 H. Nakagomi,∗1,∗7 R. Nouicer,∗8 T. Rinn,∗9
Z. Rowan,∗4 T. Sumita,∗1 and A. Taketani∗1
The PHENIX experiment measured open heavy flavor production in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV using single electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. Previous measurement of electrons from inclusive heavy
flavor decays showed strong suppression at high transverse momentum, pT > 5 GeV/c, when comparedwith that in p + p collisions1) . In order to understandthe suppression, we installed the silicon vertex tracker(VTX). VTX allows separating the charm and bottom
contributions by measuring the distance of the closest
approach of electrons to the primary vertex (DCA).
Data analysis was performed in three steps. First,
we measured the DCA of inclusive electrons using
Au+Au events recorded in 2011. The electrons containa large amount of backgrounds (BG) that are Dalitz
decays of π 0 and η, photon conversions, Ke3 decays,
and J/ψ → e+ e− decays. Most of them are rejectedbased on the requirement of the pair-wise hit in VTX
because the pair of hits are created by e+ e− pairs of
BG’s, such as γ → e+ e− .
Second, we determined the BG DCA distribution for1)misidentified hadrons, 2)random matching of electrons with VTX hits, 3) π 0 , η, Ke3 , and J/ψ decays
and photon conversions. 1) is evaluated by the event
swap method and 2) is evaluated by embedding single
simulated electrons into the real events. 3) is estimatedusing GEANT-based detector simulation with the input of measured spectra. All BG DCA distributions
are normalized based on the BG yield obtained in the
single electron measurement in 20041–3) .
Third, to extract the charm and bottom components, we developed the unfolding method that
employs the Bayesian inference technique with theMarkov chain Monte Carlo sampler. The method performed simultaneous fitting with the DCA distributions and inclusive heavy flavor electrons yield1,2) as afunction of pT .
From the unfolding result, the fraction of bottom
electrons to inclusive heavy flavors was shown in Fig.
†

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

1. The red line and the pink band represent the center
value and the systematic errors, respectively. The grayline is the FONLL prediction in p + p collisions. We
found the steeper rise in 2 < pT < 4 GeV/c with apossible peak compared with the central FONLL calculations.
The nuclear modification factors RAA of charm andbottom electrons can be calculated separately using
this result with additional constraints in p + p4) andprevious Au+Au measurement1,2) . Figure 2 indicatesthat both charm and bottom electrons are strongly
suppressed at high pT , and bottom electrons are lesssuppressed than charm electrons in 3 < pT < 4 GeV/c.
For further improvement, we are analyzing large
amounts of the Au+Au and p + p data recorded in2014 and 20155) .

Fig. 1. Bottom electron fraction in minimum bias Au+Au
collisions. The FONLL calculations are also shown(gray lines)

Fig. 2. RAA for charm and bottom electrons as a functionof pT .

Condensed from the article in arXiv:1509.04662
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Natural Science, Baruch College, CUNY
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Department of Physics, Hiroshima University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Department of Physics, Iowa State University

References

1) A. Adare et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 172301 (2007).
2) A. Adare et al., Phys. Rev. C 84 044905 (2011).
3) H. Asano at al., In this report.
4) M. M. Aggarwal et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 202301(2010).
5) K. Nagashima at al., In this report.

- 103 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurements of directed, elliptic, and triangular ﬂow in Cu+Au√
collisions at sN N = 200GeV†
H.Nakagomi∗1∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration

†

∗1
∗2

and initial conditions.
Figure 1 shows the sizable v1 measured as the function of transverse momentum pT for four multiplicity
classes. The v1 is measured with respect to the Cu
spectator neutrons that do not participate in the collisions. In all multiplicity classes, high pT particles thatcome from the Au nuclei are indicated by negative v1 .
Figures 2,3 illustrate v2 and v3 measured as functions of pT compared to the hydrodynamical calculation. The event-by-event hydrodynamical calculation
with two diﬀerent viscosities reproduce v2 and v3 simultaneously.
0.02

PHENIX Cu+Au 200 GeV

(a)

h±

v1 w.r.t. Cu spect. neutrons (b)

(c)

(d)

v1

0
-0.02
-0.04
10-20%
01

20-30%

2
3
4
pT (GeV/c)

5

0

1

40-50%

30-40%

2
3
4
pT (GeV/c)

5

0

1

2
3
4
pT (GeV/c)

5

0

1

2
3
4
pT (GeV/c)5Fig. 1. v1 (pT ) for four diﬀerent multiplicity classes
0.2

(a)

v2

0.15

(b)

PHENIX Cu+Au 200 GeVBozek(η/s=0.08)
Bozek(η/s=0.16)

0.1

0.05
0

20-30%

0-5%
0

1

2
3
pT (GeV/c)

4

5 0

1

2
3
p (GeV/c)

4

5

T

Fig. 2. v2 (pT ) for two diﬀerent multiplicity classes compared to hydrodynamical calculation
0.15

PHENIX Cu+Au 200 GeVBozek(η/s=0.08)
Bozek(η/s=0.16)

0.1

(b)

(a)

v3

In relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a hot
and dense nuclear matter called quark-gluon plasma(QGP) is considered to exist. Until now several measurements and theoretical calculations have suggested
the successful formation of QGP and the produced
QGP is a nearly perfect ﬂuid.
The measurements of the azimuthal anisotropies ofparticle emission is a strong tool to investigate theproperty of QGP. In relativistic heavy-ion collisions,the initial spatial anisotropy of the overlap region of
the oﬀ-center nuclear-nuclear collisions is converted toan anisotropy in momentum space through the pressure gradient. Namely, azimuthal anisotropic ﬂow originates from the initial spatial geometry and is considered to result from the hydrodynamic expansion of
QGP. Thus, azimuthal anisotropy provides us with theinitial spatial condition and the bulk property of QGP.
The azimuthal anisotropic ﬂow is expressed as the coeﬃcients of the Fourier expansion series as follows,dN
2vn cos(n(φ − Ψn ))
(1)
∝1+
dφ
n=1
where vn = �cos(n(φ − Ψn ))�(n=1,2,3,4...) is the magnitude of azimuthal anisotropy. φ is the azimuthal angle of each particle and Ψn called the nth order Event
Plane that is the azimuthal direction in which moreparticles are emitted. The ﬁrst order coeﬃcient is themagnitude of directed particle emission called Directed
ﬂow. In symmetric collision systems, the signal of Directed ﬂow around the collision point is very small dueto the symmetric interaction region. The second order
coeﬃcient is the magnitude of elliptical particle emission called Elliptic ﬂow. So far the measurements ofv2 have been hardly studied in symmetric collision systems and concluded the viscosity η/s of QGP is small.
The third harmonic coeﬃcient is the magnitude of triangular particle emission called Triangular ﬂow. v3
originates from the initial nucleon ﬂuctuation. The
combined even and odd harmonic coeﬃcients provide
more stringent constraint on the initial condition andthe viscosity of QGP than v2 measurement alone.
In 2012, Cu and Au collisions were operated at
RHIC. This was the ﬁrst asymmetric heavy-ion collision for controling initial spatial geometry. In Cu+Au
collisions systems, asymmetric initial conditions leadto an asymmetric pressure gradient and particle production for the Cu and Au side. The measurements of
vn in the Cu+Au collisions further constrain viscosity
Condensed from the article in arXiv:1509.07784 (2015)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
University of Tsukuba- 104 -

0.05
0

0-5%
0

1

2
3
p (GeV/c)T

420-30%
5 0

1

2
3
p (GeV/c)

4

5

T

Fig. 3. v3 (pT ) for 2 diﬀerent multiplicity classes comparedto hydrodynamical calculation

References
1) A. Adare et al., (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev.
Lett. 107, 252301 (2011).
2) M. R. Haque, M. Nasim, B. Mohanty, Phys. Rev. C 84,
067901 (2011).
3) P. Bozek, Phys. Lett. B 717, 287 (2012).
4) A. Adare et al., (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev.
C 92, 034913 (2015).

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Searching for mini-QGP in p+p collisions using a high multiplicity
trigger with the FVTX
S. Han∗1∗2 and the PHENIX collaboration∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Ewha womans university- 105 -

# of online tracks

Online vs. Offline track
104
25
103

20
15

102

10
10

5
0

0

10

20

30

40

50
# of offline tracks

1

Fig. 1. Correlation of number of tracks between online andoffline reconstructions at p-going side in p+Au collisions.
Online vs. Offline track# of online tracks

There have been many reports via RHIC and LHC
experiments about the collective behavior of matter
formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions such as
Au+Au and Pb+Pb. This non-zero elliptic flow has
been considered to indicate strong evidence of the formation of the quark gluon plasma (QGP). On the other
hand, it has been believed no QGP formation exist insmall systems such as p + p or p+A collisions because
the system is too small to attain a thermal equilibrium. However, recent LHC results have shown collective behaviors from high-multiplicity events (whenthe total number of√ tracks is larger than 110) in p + p
collisions both at s =7 and 13 TeV1) , and in p+Pb√
collisions at sN N =5.02 TeV2) . A ridge structure on
the near-side of two-particle correlations was observed
where the near side corresponds to the region of small
azimuthal angular difference between the particles. Inspired by these results, PHENIX also studied collective
behaviors in small systems such as p+Au, d+Au, and3
He+Au3) collisions.
In order to explore the possible collective behavior in
the smallest system, i.e., p + p collisions at RHIC energies, we implemented a high-multiplicity trigger to theexisting readout system of the forward vertex detector(FVTX) before RHIC Run-15 to tag events of multiple tracks at forward rapidity. The FVTX is a new
silicon strip detector that was installed before starting
RHIC Run-12 to measure the precise event vertex position and trajectory of charged particles at the rapidity
range of 1.2 < |η| < 2.2. The FVTX has four stations
per arm, which consist of 48 number of mini-strip silicon sensors. A previous study showed that there isa very weak correlation between tracks measured at
central arms (CNT, |η| < 0.35) and the beam beam
counter (BBC, 3.4 < |η| < 3.8) in p + p collisions. We
decided to use the FVTX to trigger high-multiplicity
events in p + p collisions. That is because the FVTX
detector is closer to mid-rapidity than the BBC, so
we could expect a stronger correlation between CNTFVTX than that between CNT-BBC.
The logic of the FVTX trigger system relies on thebasic unit of the FVTX reconstruction, the wedge.
The wedge consists of two silicon strip sensors, readout chips, and high-density interconnect. Each station contains 24 wedges. In the FVTX trigger system,
the number of online tracks simply indicates the number of the fired wedges according to the logic of thethreshold, so the number of online tracks cannot belarger than 24. More over, the number of offline tracks

105
25
104
20
103
15
102

10

10

5
0

0

10

20

30

40

50
# of offline tracks

1

Fig. 2. Correlation of number of tracks between online andoffline reconstructions in p+p collisions.

indicates reconstructed roads from the PHENIX raw
data files according to the road reconstruction logic.
Fig. 1 shows correlations between the number of offline tracks and online tracks. The number of offline
tracks is supposed to show a linear correlation with
the number of online tracks. In our trigger, we canclearly observe a correlation between the number of
online tracks and the number of offline tracks. However, when comparing Fig. 2 with Fig. 1, there seems
to be a larger off-diagonal component with more online
tracks than offline tracks.
We still need to find a way how to remove the offdiagonal part in the correlation between online andoffline track numbers, particularly on the p + p collisions. A data analysisof two-particle correlations in√p + p collisions at s =200 GeV is ongoing.
References
1) CMS Collaboration:J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2010)091.
2) CMS Collaboration:Phys. Lett. B 718, 795 (2013).
3) PHENIX Collaboration:Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 142301.

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Silicon tracker for sPHENIX
I. Nakagawa,∗1 Y. Akiba,∗1 and G. Mitsuka∗1
sPHENIX is a proposal1) to be built in the experimental hall after the PHENIX experiment is decommissioned in 2016 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The experiment is scheduled during 2022
- 2024 in oder to address on fundamental unansweredquestions about the nature of the strongly coupled
Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), discovered experimentally at RHIC to be a perfect fluid. These questions include how and why the QGP behaves as a perfect fluidin the vicinity of strongest coupling, near the temperature at which the phase transition takes place, whether
there are quasiparticles that play an important role inthe dynamics of the QGP, and how the strongly coupled QGP evolves to become a weakly coupled system
at asymptotically high temperature. These questions
can only be fully addressed with a detector which canmeasure jet production and jet properties at RHIC energies, at temperatures near the phase transition where
the coupling is strongest and by comparing these measurements to higher temperature QGP measurements
at the Large Hadron Collider. Taken together, thesedata will provide valuable insight into the thermodynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory which governs the interactions of the quarks, thebuilding blocks of nuclei.

resolution sufficient to distinguish separately the threestates of the Υ family.
The measurement of the Υ family places the moststringent requirement on momentum resolution atlower momentum. The large mass of the Upsilonmeans that one can primarily focus on electrons with
momenta of ∼ 4 − 10 GeV/c. The Υ(3S) has about
3% higher mass than the Υ(2S) state and to distinguish them clearly one needs invariant mass resolutionof ∼100 MeV, or ∼ 1% as demonstrated in Fig. 1. Thistranslates into a momentum resolution for the daughter e± of ∼ 1.2% in the range 4 − 10 GeV/c.
In order to meet the requirement to distinguish thethree Υ states, the silicon strip tracker is under development. The silicon strip tracker covers the acceptance|η| < 1 and has full azimuthal coverage, ∆φ = 2π. It
consists of 3 stations (from inner to outer, called S0,
S1 and S2) as illustrated in Figure 2. In each of theS0 and S1 stations, sensor modules are mounted on thefront and back of a single support and cooling structure
to form two closely spaced tracking layers. To achieve
hermeticity, alternate support and cooling structuresare staggered in radius and offset in azimuthal angle
so that the alternating sensor modules overlap in azimuth. The S2 station contains a single tracking layer,
again with alternate support and cooling structures
staggered in radius and offset in azimuth to achieve
hermeticity of the active area. The R&D status is discussed in elsehwere2),3) .

Fig. 1. Simulated invariant mass of three Υ states assuming the designed momentum resolution of the silicon
tracker.

sPHENIX design is thus optimized to measure jets,
jet correlations and upsilons to determine the temperature dependence of transport coefficients and the color
screening length in the QGP. It will do this with highrate, large acceptance, hadronic and electromagnetic
calorimetry and precision tracking. It will have mass
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 106 -

Fig. 2. The silicon tracker for sPHENIX.

References
1) sPHENIX pre-Conceptual Dsign Report (2015) .
2) Y. Akiba (et. al) in this report.
3) G. Mitsuka (et. al) in this report.

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Forward Jet asymmetry measurements in fsPHENIX
R.Seidl∗1 and A.Vossen∗2
The current PHENIX detector’s small acceptancehas substantially limited the possibilities to study thespin structure of the nucleon in more detail. With
the inception of a new, large acceptance jet and charmonium detector for heavy ion physics, sPHENIX1) ,some incremental improvements are possible in thesPHENIX acceptance (-1< η < 1) but almost all interesting observables for spin and cold nuclear matterphysics require forward coverage. The main reasons
are that at forward rapidities both higher and lower
Bjorken x can be probed than previously accessible.
The lower x region is interesting for the study of thegluon spin where even a moderate polarization can substantially impact the total contribution to the proton
spin. The higher x region is important as it relates tothe valence region and above for transverse spin effects.
The so-called fsPHENIX project (for forward
sPHENIX)2) proposed to augment the sPHENIX acceptance at the least by a forward hadronic calorimeter
and GEM tracking planes in the rapidity region of 1.3
to 4. This minimal solution is relatively cost-effective
and would allow the measurement of jets as well as
charged hadrons within jets in these forward rapidities. With other detector additions or refurbishing,fsPHENIX can also become a zero-day detector for anelectron-ion collider if realized at Brookhaven.
One of the main transvsere spin measurements is theaccess to the tensor charge, which is an important test
quantity in lattice calculations. This chiral-odd object
has so far been mostly accessed via the Collins fragmentation function5) which has been extracted in e+ e−annihilation6) . Transversity is only known at moderately low x (0.05 to 0.3) accessible in semi-inclusive
deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS). Recently STAR has
managed to access a similar x region in transvsersely
polarized proton-proton collisions at central rapidity
via hadron in jet azimuthal asymmetries. Performing
these measurements in forward rapidities, one can extend the measurement to x regions so far not accessed
and at a high scale.
We have performed MC studies using either the currently extracted parameterizations3) or use the Soffer
bound4) . Since no data exsits at the higher x we areinterested in at forward rapidities these two expected
asymmetry curves realistically reflect the amound of
uncertainty at present. In addition, we have performeda realistic study of the experimentally achievable uncertainties taking into account jet axis smearing, beam
remnant backgrounds as well as underlying event contributions assuming a rather moderate integrated lu∗1
∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Indiana University- 107 -

Fig. 1. Expected h− Collins asymmetry uncertainties(black points) compared to positive (red) and negative(blue) pion asymmetires based on the Torino extraction3) (full lines) or the Soffer bound4) (dashed lines) as
a function of fractional hadron energy z for various bins
in jet rapidity and momentum. The average kinematics
are also shown.

minosity of 268 fb −1 at a collision energy of 500 GeV.
In Fig. 1 the statistical uncertainties on the expected
negative hadron measurements are not visible and withexpected asymmetries as large as 10% the d quarktransversity can be constrained. With increasing rapidity as well as jet transvsere momentum one canreach the high x values needed to eventually performthe integral and obtain the tensor charges. The lower x
regions in turn can be used to experimentally confirm
that factorization holds if compared to SIDIS. Last,
when the backward going beam is transversly polarized
instead of the forward going beam with a similar measurement the potential linear polarization of gluons in
the nucleon can be probed for the first time. Moredetails on these as well as other key measurements at
RHIC can be obtained from the recently completed
new RHIC spinplan7) .
References
1) A. Adare et al., arXiv:1501.06197 [nucl-ex].
2) https://indico.bnl.gov/materialDisplay.py?material
Id=5&confId=7643) M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, A. Kotzinian,F. Murgia, A. Prokudin and C. Turk, Phys. Rev. D 75,
054032 (2007).
4) J. Soffer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1292 (1995).
5) A. Airapetian et al. [HERMES Collaboration], Phys.
Rev. Lett. 94, 012002 (2005).
6) R. Seidl et al. [Belle Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett.
96, 232002 (2006).
7) E. Aschenauer et al., arXiv:1602.03922.

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Towards measurment of direct photons via external conversions inhigh multiplicity pp collisions at 13 TeV
H.Murakami∗1,∗2γdir (pT ) = γinc (pT ) − γdec (pT )γdec (pT )) · γinc (pT )= (1 −
γinc (pT )(1)= (1 − Rγ−1 (pT )) · γinc (pT ),

(3)

(2)

where the fraction of inclusive photons above decay
photons Rγ (pT ) is called the direct photon fraction.
If Rγ (pT ) is larger than unity, direct photons are produced in the collision. The fraction can be calculated
from the decay photon spectrum. The major sourceof decay photons are π 0 and η , and other sources are∗1∗2

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 108 -

γγ

calculated by using mT scaling based on these neutralmeson’s pT spectra. Therefore, the determination of
the pT spectra of neutral meson is very important.
×γγ

A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at the
CERN, LHC is dedicated to the study of Quark Gluon
Plasma (QGP), a strongly interacting QCD medium.
The study of the QGP was mainly performed by using relativistic heavy ion collisions. The collective behavior of hadronic particles has been observed in highmultiplicity pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC.1) Theseobservations could be indicating the formation of thermalized systems such as the QGP, even in small systems.2) A direct photon is an ideal probe to study suchthermalized systems due to its penetrating nature. In
photons produced
this study, we aim to measure direct √in high multiplicity pp collisions at s =13 TeV.
In the ALICE experiment, we measure direct photons in two ways, via a calorimeter or via the measurement of photon conversions (external conversions).
The latter allows us to measure very low transverse momentum pT photons. The main tracking system3) ofthe ALICE detector consists of the Inner Tracking System (ITS), the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), andthe Time of Flight (TOF). Direct photons will convert
into dielectrons in the material of the ITS and TPC,
and leave two tracks. For multiplicity estimation, V0
detectors, which are made of two arrays of scintillation
counters are used and they are set on both sides of the
ALICE interaction point.
Photons are produced in several stages during thetime-space evolution of the QGP and there are mainly
two groups: direct photons and decay photons. The
former originates from quark-anti-quark annihilationand the QCD Compton scattering, and the lattercomes from particle decay such as π0 → γγ. It is diﬃcult to measure direct photons separately, since there
is huge background from decay photons. Therefore,
we measure all the emitted photons(inclusive photons)
and decay photons. The invariant yield of direct photons γdir (pT ) can be expressed in terms of the inclusive
photons γinc (pT ) and that of decay photons γdec (pT ) :π → γ γγ

γγFig. 1. Invariant mass distribution of reconstructed photon
pairs Mγγ

In this paper, we report the status of neutral meson
analysis. In 2015, ALICE successfully collected over√
400M events which correspond to 0.007 pb−1 in s
=13 TeV pp collisions with minimum bias (MB) trigger and we used this data sample. The ﬁrst step of theanalysis is to ﬁnd photons with the V 0 reconstruction
method. The V 0 is the secondary vertex from unknown
particle decays such as Λ0 , Λ0 , Ks0 , γ. In order to select pure photon samples from V 0 particles, several
cuts such as particle identiﬁcation cuts, a 2D cut for
dielectrons and a cut using the Armenteros-Podolanski
plot4) were applied. Figure 1 shows the invariant mass
spectrum of reconstructed photon candidates which
are from external conversion pairs. The blue line is the
combinatorial background(BG), which is calculated using the event mixing technique, in which photons aretaken from diﬀerent events and combined to form pairs.
On top of the BG, a clear peak can be seen for π 0 mass
0.135 GeV/c2 . Subtraction of BG and evaluation of
the invariant raw yield of π 0 are work in progress. Not
only the raw yield of π 0 , but also that of η will be calculated and eventually, we will evaluate the invariant
cross section. Moreover, we will carry out an analysis
focused on high multiplicity events.
References
1) The CMS collaboration, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2010)091.
2) C.Shen et al, arXiv:nucl-th/1504.07989v1(2015).
3) The ALICE Collaboration, JINST 3, S08002 (2008).
4) J. Podolansky and R. Armenteros. Phil. Mag. 45(13),1954.

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Neutral pion production in pp collisions at LHC energies
S. Yano∗1,∗2

dσ
F (xT )
E 3 (pp → π 0 X) =
d p
pnT

(1)

The exponent n in the LO QCD should be 4; however,in reality, it is approximately 6 owing to scaling√violation. Eq.(1) can be converted by using xT = 2 s/pT
as below.
( )n√ n dσ2
s E 3 (pp → π 0 X) =F (xT ) = G(xT )(2)d p
xT
The G(xT ) is expected not to depend on the collision∗1∗2

Department of Physics Science, Hiroshima University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 109 -

energy, but only on xT 4) . Therefore, the following
equation is expected between diﬀerent collision energies. This is called xT scaling
√

n

s1 E

√ n dσ2dσ1(xT ) = s2 E 3 (xT )
d3 p
d p

(3)

→π

The exponent n depends on the energy, and at RHIC
energies, a good scaling behavior is observed for n =6.24. The results of LHC energies are shown in Fig. 1.
The exponent n is extrapolated using the global ﬁt ofthese 3 energies and n is 5.08. As is evident, the highpT region of each energy shows very good agreementwith each other; however, all low pT regions violated
the scaling because of the soft QCD.

σALICE, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) at CERN, is aimed at studying heavyion collisions and the properties of a deconﬁned stateof matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)1) . High-pT
particle production is a powerful tool for characterizing
the QGP because the interaction between fast partonsdepends on the QGP transport properties. The hadronyields in heavy-ion collisions can be quantiﬁed by the
nuclear modiﬁcation factor (RAA ), which is the ratioof the particle yield in heavy-ion collisions normalized
by the number of inelastic nucleon–nucleon collisions
to the yield in pp collisions. Previous experiments haveshown that RAA at high pT is signiﬁcantly smaller than1, which can be explained by the energy loss of fast
partons traversing in QGP.
The ALICE experiment includes a high-resolution
and high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter called
PHOS1) . One of the main physics goals achievable
by PHOS is the study of energy loss through themeasurement of high-pT neutral mesons (π 0 and η).
Three PHOS modules are installed in the ALICE experiment, which covers azimuthal angles in the range
260◦ < ϕ < 320◦ and pseudorapidity |η| < 0.125.
PHOS provides a photon trigger (PHOS trigger) owing
to its requirement of the measured energy to be abovea threshold. The threshold
was set to be 2 and 4 GeV√
in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV. By using the PHOS
trigger, high-pT neutral mesons can be eﬃciently measured in the ALICE experiment. This paper describes
the analysis status of neutral-pion production measured with the PHOS trigger and minimum-bias (MB)trigger data in pp collisions.√Further, neutral-pion production in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV are comparedwith the results for other LHC energies (0.9, 2.76, and
7 TeV)2)3) . In this analysis, MB-trigger (0.3nb−1 ) and
PHOS-trigger(70nb−1 ) data are used in pp collisions√
at s = 8TeV.
The invariant cross section is predicted by the pQCD
theory considering the particle production mechanism
as follows4) .

→π

−

η

−

−

Fig. 1. The xT scaling result of LHC and RHIC.

xT scaling at high pT is observed at LHC energies.
The exponent n is smaller than RHIC. At high xT regions, good scaling is observed. The results imply thatthe particle production mechanism at LHC energies is
the same as the previous experiment.
References
1) The ALICE Collaboration, JINST 3, S08002 (2008).
2) The ALICE colaboration, Phys. Lett. B 717, pp. 162 172 (2012).
3) The ALICE colaboration, Eur. Phys. J. C 74-3108(2014).
4) F Arleo, S J Brodsky, D S Hwang and A M Sickle, Phys.
Rev. Lett 105 062002 (2010).

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)√

Long-range correlation of V0 particles in p-Pb collisions at
5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector

sN N =

Y. Sekiguchi,∗1,∗2 H. Hamagaki,∗2 and T. Gunji∗2∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo- 110 -

tion of the subtracted correlation functions onto ∆φ.
To quantify azimuthal anisotropy (v2 ), the Fourier coefficients are extracted by fitting with the function
a0 + 2a1 cos(∆φ) + 2a2 cos(2∆φ). The vn coefficient

K0 ,Λ
K0 ,Λ
can be obtained as vn s
= Vn s / Vnh−h , whereVni = ain /(ai0 + bi ), in which i is the index of h-h or
h-V0 pairs (h denotes undefined hadrons) and b is thebaseline determined by averaging over 1.2< |∆η| <1.6
on the near side of the 60-100% event class. Figure
2 shows the extracted v2 coefficient for K0s and Λ(Λ̄)
compared to p and K as a function of pT . Mass ordering between the v2 of K0s and Λ(Λ̄) as well as the kaonand proton is observed.
12.6

×10−3

5.8

12.4

×10−3

5.7

12.2
5.6

12
11.8

5.5

11.6

5.4

11.4
5.3

11.2

−1

0

1

2

3

4

−1

∆φ

0

1

2

3

4

Fig. 1. Projection of the subtracted correlation functionsof the associated K0s (top) and Λ (bottom) yield per
trigger particle with 1.5<pT,trig , pT,asso <2.5 GeV.

v2 (PC sub)Measuring correlations in particle production as afunction of the azimuthal angular space and rapidity space is very useful for investigating particle production in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The
long-range correlations in the rapidity space in nearside angular pairs of dihadron correlations were first√observed in Au-Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV at
RHIC1,2) . This long-range correlations are derived
from the collective expansion of the initial geometry
fluctuations. Unexpectedly, a similar structure has
also been observed in high-multiplicity pp collisions√
at sN N = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment3) . Itis very interesting to study the correlation in p-Pb
collisions because the initial gluon density and magnitude of the collective expansion are very different
from those in other collision systems. The azimuthal
anisotropy parameter v2 of K, π, and p shows massordering at low transverse momentum (pT ) and thetrend is similar to Pb-Pb collisions4) . The mass ordering is a characteristic feature of collective expansion. This analysis aims to further explore the partonic collectivity by extracting v2 of K0s and Λ in p√
Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE
detector. The correlations between the unidentified
charged hadrons as trigger particle and K0s and Λ(Λ̄)
as associated particles at |η| <0.8 are measured asa function of the azimuthal angle difference ∆φ andpseudo-rapidity difference ∆η. K0s and Λ decay into
π + + π − and p+ + π − with a characteristic decay pattern, called V0 . Topological cuts are required to reducethe combinatorial background. The correlation function as a function of ∆η and ∆φ between two chargedS(∆η,∆φ)d2 Nasso
1
particles is defined as Ntrigd∆ηd∆φ = B(∆η,∆φ) , where
Ntrig is the total number of triggered particles in theevent class and pT interval, the signal distribution
1 d2 Nsame
S (∆η, ∆φ) = Ntrigd∆ηd∆φ is the associated yield per
trigger particle from the same event, and the back2
Nmixedaccounts
ground distribution B(∆η, ∆φ) = α dd∆ηd∆φfor pair acceptance and pair efficiency. B is constructedby taking the correlations between the trigger particles in one event and the associated particles in otherevents in the same event class. The α factor is chosen
so that it is unity at ∆η ∼ 0 because the acceptanceis flat along ∆φ. This correlation function is studied
for different pT intervals and different event classes.
The correlation function in peripheral collisions is subtracted from that in central collisions to remove theauto-correlations from jets. Figure 1 shows the projec-

0.35
0.3

work in progress

0.25

-

K+(K )
0Ks
p+(p )
Λ

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

p

4

T

Fig. 2. v2 of K0s , Λ(Λ̄) compared with one of kaon andproton. Error bars and shaded bands show statisticaluncertainties and systematic, respectively.

References
1) STAR Collaboration, Phys. Rev. C80 064912 (2009)2) PHOBOS Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104
062301(2010)3) CMS Collaboration, JHEP 09 091(2010)4) ALICE Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B, 726 164177(2013)∆φⅡ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Search for exotic dibaryons at LHC-ALICE
K. Terasaki,∗1,∗2 H. Hamagaki,∗2 and T. Gunji∗2ΩΩFig. 1. Decay topology of the N Ω dibaryon.
Λ

H dibaryon (uuddss)1) is one of the most investigated dibaryon candidates and its experimental
searches were recently carried out in heavy-ion collisions, where various hadrons are produced abundantly
2,3). Besides exploring a bound state of dibaryons, themeasurements of baryon-baryon correlations provide
us with the information on baryon-baryon interactions
and equation of the state for dense matter.
ALICE is the dedicated experiment to study Quark
Gluon Plasma (QGP), a hot and dense Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) medium, via heavy-ion collisionsat LHC. The two main tracking detectors in the central
barrel are the Inner Tracking System (ITS) and theTime Projection Chamber (TPC). The ITS consistsof six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors for particle tracking and reconstructing the secondary vertex.
The TPC surrounds the ITS and comprises a 90 m3
cylinder ﬁlled with Ne/CO2 /N2 (90/10/5). It is also
used for particle identiﬁcation via the energy deposit(dE/dx) measurement.
As a dibaryon candidate other than H dibaryon, it
is predicted by lattice QCD calculations that the N Ωsystem has enough attraction to form a bound state4) .
The analysis strategy for searching N Ω is based on
topological particle identiﬁcation. The decay pattern
is shown in Fig. 1.
Our assumed decay topology of the N Ω dibaryon is
as follows.
(1) N Ω dibaryon decays into p, K− , and Λ at the
1st-V 0 vertex.
(2) Λ decays into p and π − at the 2nd-V 0 vertex.
The reconstruction of a N Ω candidate via this decay
topology starts with the reconstruction of Λ (i.e., thesearch of the 2nd-V 0 vertex in Fig. 1). The V 0 decays
are determined by two tracks that are emitted from a∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo- 111 -

Fig. 2. Invariant mass distribution for ΛpK in Pb-Pb collisions.

secondary vertex and might come close to each other.
The minimum distance between the two tracks is called
the Distance-of-Closest-Approach (DCA). The V 0 decay point is determined using DCA. The protons andpions are selected from all 2nd-V 0 candidates and theinvariant mass of Λ is calculated. In a similar way, the1st-V 0 vertex is determined by selecting protons andkaons from all V 0 candidates. A criterion for selecting
the appropriate 1st- and 2nd-V 0 candidate is the cuton the pointing angle. It is the angle between the reconstructed ﬂight-path and the reconstructed momentum of the V 0 particle.
Figure 2 shows the invariant mass distribution in the√
decay channel N Ω → ΛpK for Pb-Pb data at sN N =2.76 TeV. A 3σ dE/dx cut in the TPC is used for
the PID of p, K, and π. The invariant mass of Λ at
2nd-V 0 is restricted between 1.111 GeV/c2 < mΛ <1.120 GeV/c2 and is combined with the four-vectors ofproton and kaon at the 1st-V 0 vertex. The cuts on the
DCA and the cosine of the pointing angle for both V 0
vertex are < 1.0 cm and > 0.9, respectively. There isno signiﬁcant signal in the invariant mass distribution
so far, however the cut optimization is ongoing. Other
dibaryon candidates such as ΩΩ, Λ∗ Λ∗ will also be
evaluated.
References
1) R. L. Jaﬀe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 195 (1977).
2) N. Shah for the STAR Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A
914, 410 (2013).
3) ALICE Collaboration arXiv:1506.07499 [nucl-ex] CERNPH-EP-2015-069.
4) F. Etminan et al. (HAL QCD Collaboration), Nucl.
Phys. A 928, 89 (2014).

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RHICf experiment to measure cross section and asymmetry in very
forward neutral particle production at RHIC
T. Sako∗1 for the RHICf Collaboration
The origin of cosmic rays is a long-standing mysteryin astrophysics. To determine the energy and particle type of the primary cosmic ray from the observed
air shower particle distributions, we rely on the Monte
Carlo simulation of air showers. However, the lack ofknowledge in hadronic interaction modeling results inuncertainty in this interpretation. To understand thisprocess, the Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf)
experiment1) measured forward particle production at
the LHC up to the √particle energy in a ﬁxed target setting of 9×1016 eV ( s=13 TeV). LHCf
reported a scal√
ing of π 0 production spectra at s=2.76, and 7 TeV
proton-proton collisions2) ; in addition, it continues analyzing 13 TeV data. To conﬁrm the scaling or its violation in a wider energy range and to extrapolate theknowledge beyond the LHC energy range, the RHICf
collaboration was launched.
Another mystery in forward particle production, single transverse-spin asymmetry (SSA), was found in the
RHIC experiments3) . It is believed that the SSA inneutron production originates from the interference between the amplitudes of spin-ﬂip pion exchange andnon spin-ﬂip meson exchange. SSA can shed light on
the fundamental process of forward particle production
and improve our understanding of air shower development. The excellent position resolution of the RHICf
detector improves the measurement accuracy of SSA
and enables us to test the proposed mechanism4) .
For RHICf, an LHCf detector is installed in front of
the zero degree calorimeter of the STAR experiment,

Fig. 2. Expected photon spectra observed in 12h operation
for three diﬀerent hadronic interaction models.

as shown in Fig.15) . The proton-proton collisions with√
s =510 GeV at the RHIC enable RHICf to study particle production at the cosmic-ray equivalent energy of
1.4×1014 eV. Figure 2 shows the expected photon spectra observed in RHICf operation for 12h. It is foundthat the statistical errors are negligibly small with respect to the diﬀerence between predictions by threemajor hadronic interaction models. RHICf will alsomeasure spectra, or diﬀerential cross sections, of π 0 ’s
and neutrons. In neutron measurement, RHICf has aposition determination resolution better than 1 mm6) ,while the former SSA measurements were performed
with 10 mm resolution.
Although the original plan for RHICf was to operate it in the PHENIX site7) , according to the long-termplan of RHIC, RHICf was ﬁnally approved by PAC in2015 to be operated in 2017 with STAR. The detailed
plan of installation, commissioning, and data collection were intensively discussed with the STAR team in2015. The STAR and RHICf teams have exchanged an
MOU in early 2016.
References

Fig. 1. CAD drawing of the RHICf installation. The
RHICf detector can ﬁt in the narrow slot of the radiation shield near the STAR interaction point.
∗1

Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research /Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles andthe Universe, Nagoya University- 112 -

1) LHCf Technical Design Report, CERN-LHCC-2006004.
2) O. Adriani et al.: PRD received, arXiv:1507.08764 [hepex].
3) Y. Fukao, M. Togawa, et al.: Phys. Lett. B 650,
325 (2007).; PHENIX Collaboration, Phys. Rev. D 88,
032006 (2013).
4) B. Z. Kopeliovich, I. K. Potashnikova, I. Schmidt, and
J. Soﬀer: Phys. Rev. D 84, 114012 (2011).
5) RHICf Collaboration, LOI, arXiv:1401.1004; proposal,
arXiv:1409.4860.
6) K. Kawade et al.: JINST, 9 P03016 (2014).
7) Y. Goto for the RHICf Collaboration: RIKEN Accel.
Prog. Rep. 48, 107 (2015).

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Fragmentation function measurements in Belle†

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D92, 092007(2015)RIKEN Nishina Center
Physics department, University of Illinois
Physics department, Indiana University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country
Ikerbasque- 113 -

10

6

10

5

0.20 < z1 < 0.25

0.25 < z1 < 0.30

0.30 < z1 < 0.35

0.35 < z1 < 0.40

0.40 < z1 < 0.45

0.45 < z1 < 0.50

0.50 < z1 < 0.55

0.55 < z1 < 0.60

0.60 < z1 < 0.65

0.65 < z1 < 0.70

0.70 < z1 < 0.75

0.75 < z1 < 0.80

0.80 < z1 < 0.85

0.85 < z1 < 0.90

104
10

3

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]

102
107
10

6

10

5

10

4

10

3

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]

102
107
10

6

10

5

10

4

10

3

102
d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]107

π+π- data

106π+π+ data

105π+K data

0.90 < z1 < 0.95-+

π+K data
+

-

+

+

K K data

0.95 < z1 < 1.00

K K data

104
10

3

102
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
z2
z2
z2
z2

Fig. 1. Di-hadron cross sections as a function of fractionalenergy z2 in bins of the fractional energy z1 without atopology requirement on the two hadrons. Individual
hadron combinations are π + π − (black), π + π + (blue),
π + K − (green), π + K + (pink), K + K − (red) and K + K +(purple) including systematic uncertainties as shaded
areas.

sumption whether di-hadrons originated from the same
parton or different partons has been tested by selecting hadron pairs in the same or opposite hemispheres
when applying an additional thrust criterion. As canbe seen in Fig. 2, same-hemisphere dihadrons decrease
rapidly as soon as the sum of their fractional energies
exceeds unity in agreement that opposite-hemispheredi-hadrons are generally produced off different partons.
-

106

105
104

105
104

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]π+K 107106

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]π+π- 107106

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]

107

K+K

-

105
104

103

103

103

102

102

102

105
104

106
105
104

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]106

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]

10
10
10
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1π+πz+1 10z27
π+Kz+1 10z27
K+Kz1+ z2
107

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]Fragmentation functions (FFs) describe the transition of highly-energetic, asymptotically free partons
into final state hadrons. They are a quantity whichcannot be obtained from first principles QCD but need
to be extracted from experiments. In turn FFs can beused as a tool to extract information about the nucleon structure for different parton flavors. In particular, FFs are commonly used in polarized semi-inclusive
deep-inelastic scattering and proton-proton collisions
to access the spin structure of the nucleon. The cleanest way to access FFs is in electron-positron annihilation due to the lack of hadrons in the initial state.
However, only charge square weighted sums over all
kinematically availabe quarks and antiquarks are accessible at leading order of the strong coupling αSin e+ e− annihilation. To overcome this partially, instead of detecting a single hadron in the final state,
two hadrons, preferrably in opposite hemispheres as
defined by the thrust axis, have been measured. The
combination of charges and hadron types then gives additional information about the FFs if one assumes the
hadrons to be fragmenting off different partons. For
example, same-sign pions and opposite sign-pions contain different combinations of favored (e.g., u → π + )and disfavored (d → π + ) FFs when considering up anddown type (anti)quarks only.
The di-hadron cross sections have been extracted
from a dataset of 655 fb−1 taken by the Belle experiment at the asymmetric-energy e+ e− collider KEKB.
The data was corrected for particle-misidentification,
momentum smearing, contributions of QED processes
not related to fragmentation (such as τ pair production), acceptence and efficiencies as well as initial state
photon radiation1) . The final cross sections were thenextracted for 6 pion and kaon and charge combinations
with different physics content. The cross sections, differential in the√fractional energies of the two hadrons
z1,2 = 2Eh,1,2 / √s relative to the initial, leading orderparton energies s/2, can be seen in Fig. 1. For thesame hadron types the same sign combinations are generally suppressed in comparison to opposite sign combinations. Additional strangness, especially if likely
being created in the fragmentation process such as forsame sign kaons seems further suppressed. The as-

d2σ / dz1 dz2 [fb]R. Seidl,∗1 F. Giordano,∗2 M. Leitgab,∗2 A. Vossen,∗3 H. Li,∗3 W. W. Jacobs,∗3 N. Kobayashi,∗4
M. Grosse-Perdekamp,∗2 A. Ogawa,∗5 C. Hulse∗6 and G. Schnell∗6,∗7

106
105

same hemi, T>0.8

opp. hemi, T>0.8

104

103

103

103

102

102

102

any hemisphere

10
10
10
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2
1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
z1 z2
z1 z2
z1 z2

Fig. 2. Stacked di-hadron cross sections as a function of
the diagonal fractional energy (z1 = z2 ) bins for same
(grey area) and opposite (blue area) hemispheres andin comparison to no hemisphere and thrust selection(red).

References
1) M. Leitgab et al. [Belle Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett.
111, 062002 (2013).

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Progress of Drell–Yan experiment by SeaQuest at Fermilab
K. Nagai,∗1,∗2 Y. Goto,∗2 Y. Kunisada∗1 Y. Miyachi,∗3 S. Miyasaka,∗1 K. Nakano,∗1 S. Nara,∗3 S. Sawada,∗2,∗4
T.-A. Shibata,∗1,∗2 S. Tamamushi∗1 for the E906/SeaQuest Collaboration
The E906/SeaQuest experiment is a Drell–Yan experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(Fermilab). SeaQuest aims to accurately measure the¯
ﬂavor asymmetry of antiquarks (d/ū)in the proton atlarge Bjorken x (0.1 ≲ x ≲ 0.45). E866 measured the
ﬂavor asymmetry around Bjorken x ∼ 0.3. E866 indicated that the ﬂavor asymmetry decreases in that region, although the uncertainty was large.1) The behavior has not been reproduced by any theory. The measurement by SeaQuest will improve the understandingof the internal structure of the proton.
The ﬂavor asymmetry is derived from the ratio of
proton-proton and proton-deuteron Drell–Yan crosssections. SeaQuest uses a 120-GeV proton beam extracted from Fermilab Main Injector and liquid targetof hydrogen and deuterium. A pair of µ− and µ+ is
created in the Drell–Yan process. It passes througha focusing magnet, which is located right behind thetargets. The muon pair is detected by four tracking
stations (Stations 1, 2, 3, and 4). Stations 1, 2, and3 consist of drift chambers and hodoscopes. Station
4 consists of proportional tubes and hodoscopes. Station 4 is located behind a hadron absorber and is used
for the identiﬁcation of the muons. Another magnet
is placed between Station 1 and Station 2 in order todetermine muon momenta. We reconstruct the muon
momenta using hit positions measured at the four stations.
SeaQuest acquired 0.8×1018 beam protons on target
for 20 months from 2013 to 2015. It started acquiring
another set of data in October 2015. In total, we willaccumulate 3.4 × 1018 beam protons on target.
Two months’ data acquired in 2014 are used to perform the data analysis. We successfully reconstructed
the invariant-mass (M ) distribution of muon pairs.2)
The Drell–Yan events were selected with M > 4.2
GeV. Figure 1 shows the z-vertex distribution of muonpairs. The hydrogen and deuteron targets are locatedat z = −150 cm through −100 cm, and a beam dump,
which is the iron core of the focusing magnet, is located at z = 0 cm through 500 cm. The closed circles in Fig. 1 are all the muon pairs in the real data.
The open circles at z < −50 cm are the muon pairsthat originate from the target, and the open circles atz > −50 cm are the muon pairs that originate fromthe beam dump. The muon pairs around z = −50 cm
are discarded because the z-vertices are highly inaccu∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK- 114 -

Fig. 1. The z-vertex distribution of muon pairs whose invariant masses are larger than 4.2 GeV/c2 . The circles
show z-vertex distribution of the muon pairs in realdata. The solid lines are estimated z-vertex distributions of muon pairs from target (red line) and that ofmuon pairs from dump (blue line) in the simulation.

rate and it cannot be determined where the muon pairs
originated from. The open circles are consistent withthe distributions estimated by the simulation (the solidlines) well except for the upstream region (z ∼ −200cm).
The z-vertex of muon pairs from the target in thereal data distributes around z = −160 cm, which isslightly more upstream than the actual target position(−150 < z < −100 cm). This is because the calibration of the magnetic ﬁeld is not accurate by 2%. It has
been tuned.
A very preliminary result of the ﬂavor asymmetry
was derived using the two months of data. The systematic uncertainty is large at present, mostly arisingfrom the beam-intensity dependence of measurement
eﬃciencies. We are improving the analysis method tominimize the systematic uncertainty.
References
1) E.A. Hawker et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3715 (1998).
2) K. Nagai et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 48, 123(2015).

5. Hadron Physics (Theory)Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

P-odd spectral density of quark-gluon plasma at weak coupling
H. -U. Yee∗1,∗2
Topological fluctuations of QCD is one of the fundamental aspects of QCD dynamics in the plasma of
quarks and gluons. They lead to thermal fluctuationsof axial charge density that has distinct P- and CP-odd
parities, which induces several unique phenomena suchas chiral magnetic effect1) . At weak coupling regime inhigh enough temperature, the rate of topological fluctuations is Γs ∼ αs5 log(1/αs )T 4 , and this dependence
on the coupling constant also governs how fast the axial charge, once created, decays in time. If the timescale one is interested in is faster than this, the axial
charge is approximately conserved. The boundary ofvalidity regime of hydrodynamics is αs2 T , the scale ofhard electromagnetic probes such as photon emission
rates is dΓ/d3 k ∼ αEM αs T , the scale of heavy quark
momentum diffusion is κ ∼ αs2 T 3 , and the jet quenching parameter is q̂ ∼ αs2 T 3 . Therefore, for many interesting dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma at weakcoupling regime, the axial charge can be considered asa conserved charge.
Due to its unique P- and CP-odd parities, the axial charge leads to an interesting P-odd structure in
the current-current thermal correlation functions of
the plasma. The retarded current-current correlationijijfunction Gij
R (k) ≡ (−i)Gra (k) = (−i)Jr (k)Ja (−k)
written in the ra-basis of Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, encodes “chiral magnetic conductivity”2) σχ (k) by
ijl l
Gij
R (k) ∼ iσχ (k) k , that is responsible for the chiral magnetic effect with arbitrary momentum of theIt has been wellmagnetic field: J = σχ (k)B(k).
established that the zero momentum limit of σχ (k)is topologically protected by chiral anomaly coefficient: limk→0 σχ (k) = Nc NF µA /(2π 2 ) where µA is axial chemical potential.
To get a better picture of full real-time P-odd correlation functions, one starts with the fluctuationdissipation relation

 ij
0
(1)
Gij
rr (k) = 1/2 + nB (k ) ρ (k) ,ijwhere ρij (k) ≡ Gijra (k) − Gar (k) is the spectral density that governs the strength of thermal fluctuations
represented by the left-hand side. From the hermiticity
of current operator, one can show that ρij (k) is a hermitian matrix in terms of spatial indices i, j: with rotational invariance, it allows to have a P-odd structureρij (k) ∼ iρodd (k)ijl k l with a real function ρodd (k).
We call ρodd (k) “P-odd spectral density”3) . It is easy
to show that it is the imaginary part of the chiral magnetic conductivity: ρodd (k) = −2 Im(σχ (k)).
Contrary to the real part of σχ (k) in k → 0 limit, the∗1∗2

Department of Physics, University of Illinois
RIKEN Nishina Center- 115 -

P-odd spectral density is sensitive to real-time thermal
dynamics of quark-gluon plasma as it governs the Podd part of thermal current-current fluctuations, andit shares many common features with the P-even spectral density that is responsible for dissipative transportcoefficients in hydrodynamic regime. Like P-even spectral densities, ρodd (k) is an odd function of k 0 ≡ ω witha small ω expansion ρodd (k) ∼ 2ξ5 ω + · · ·, where ξ5 is
one of the second order transport coefficients in chi
 + ξ5 dB/dt.
ral anomalous hydrodynamics4) : J = σ0 B
Like the ordinary electric conductivity, the ξ5 turns
out to be non-analytic in coupling constant, and theleading log computation requires a re-summation of allladder diagrams with HTL re-summation of exchanged
gluons, that eventually leads to solving second orderdifferential equations in momentum space. For 2-flavor
QCD, we have obtained3)
µA
2.003
.
ξ5 = − 4gs log(1/gs ) T(2)

For other kinematics of momentum k, the P-odd
spectral density generally gives P- and CP-odd emission rates of spin-polarized (that is, circular polarized) virtual photons with momentum k. To see this,the unique P- and CP-odd observable in photon emissions is given by the spin polarization5) : Γodd =Γ(+ ) − Γ(− ) where ± are circular polarization vectors of photons. Using the results in Ref.5) that relates
Γodd with the P-odd part of current-current correlation
functions, one can show that


dΓodd
e2
odd
=−
nB (ω)ρ (k)
.
(3)
d3 k
(2π)3
ω=|
k|
We have computed dΓodd /d3 k in complete leading order at weak coupling6) , by computing 1) hard Compton/pair annihilation rates, 2) soft t- or u-channel
exchange contributions with HTL re-summation, and
3) Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal re-summation of soft
collinear Bremstrahlung and inelastic pair annihilation
processes.
References
1) K. Fukushima, D. E. Kharzeev and H. J. Warringa,
Phys. Rev. D 78, 074033 (2008).
2) D. E. Kharzeev and H. J. Warringa, Phys. Rev. D 80,
034028 (2009).
3) A. Jimenez-Alba and H. U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 92, no.
1, 014023 (2015).
4) D. E. Kharzeev and H. U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 84, 045025(2011).
5) K. A. Mamo and H. U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 88, no. 11,114029 (2013).
6) K. A. Mamo and H. U. Yee, arXiv:1512.01316 [hep-ph].

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Legendre expansion of longitudinal two-particle correlations
A. Monnai∗1 and B. Schenke,∗2cosh(y − yP )sinh(yP − yT )+ (1 − λ)δ(y − yP ), (1)Q(y − yP , yP − yT , y − yP ) = λwhere y is the rapidity and the subscripts T and P
denote target and projectile, respectively. λ is a parameter to be determined experimentally. The entropy
distribution is obtained by depositing entropy between
the last sub-collision pairs. The ﬁnite-density equationof state is constructed by interpolating those of hadronresonance gas and lattice QCD, where the latter is obtained in the Taylor expansion method, at a connecting
temperature near the crossover. Relaxation-type equations derived from the kinetic theory are employed as
the viscous hydrodynamic equations.
We probe the longitudinal properties of the QGP inhydrodynamics by decomposing the two-particle rapidity correlation into Legendre polynomials, which haverecently been measured at the ATLAS Collaboration
at the CERN Large Hadron Collider,3)†∗1∗2Condensed from the articles in Phys. Lett. B 752, 317(2016)RIKEN Nishina Center
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA- 116 -

0.1(|a(n,m)|)1/2

One of the most remarkable ﬁndings regarding highenergy heavy ion colliders is the ﬂuidity of the quarkgluon plasma (QGP), which is supported by the factthat the anisotropy of azimuthal momentum distribution, characterized by the Fourier coeﬃcients vn , islarge compared with that of the geometrical shape of
the produced medium. Thus far, numerous eﬀorts havebeen made to understand the transverse dynamics of
the QGP by introducing event-by-event ﬂuctuations aswell as oﬀ-equilibrium corrections.
However, the longitudinal dynamics has not been
throughly investigated. The isotropization mechanism
in a heavy-ion system is not fully understood, andno direct experimental evidence for the ﬂuidity of the
QCD medium in the longitudinal direction has beenfound yet.
In this study, we extend the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model Music1) to ﬁnite baryon
density and introduce more realistic setups to study
the forward rapidity dynamics. For longitudinally andtransversely ﬂuctuating initial conditions, the MonteCarlo Glauber model is extended to three dimensions
by introducing a variation of the Lexus model,2) where
the modiﬁcation of the rapidity distribution of the valence quarks after each sub-collision is taken into account to calculate the net baryon distribution. The
modiﬁcation is controlled by the kernel

Pb+Pb 2760 GeV
pT>0.5 GeVATLAS prelim.
initial entropy density
η/s=0, ζ/s=0
η/s=0.12, (ζ/s)(T)
20-25%

0.01

0.001

(1,1)(2,2)(3,3)(4,4)(5,5)(6,6)(1,3)(2,4)(3,5)(4,6)(5,7)

Fig. 1. (Color online) Calculations ofwith experimental data.

an,m =∫√|an,m | compared

CN (η1 , η2 )

Tn (η1 )Tm (η2 ) + Tn (η2 )Tm (η1 ) dη1 dη2
, (2)
2
Y Y
√
where Tn (ηp ) = n + 1/2Pn (ηp /Y ) is the scaled Legendre polynomial and CN is the two-particle correlation deﬁned as×C(η1 , η2 ),Cp (η1 )Cp (η2 )∫ Y
1Cp (η1 /2) =C(η1 , η2 )dη2/1 ,
2Y −Y

CN (η1 , η2 ) =

(3)
(4)

to remove the eﬀects of residual centrality dependence.
Note that a good analogy can be made between thisquantity and the transverse
ﬂow harmonics vn .
√Figure 1 shows |an,m | before and after the hydrodynamic evolution of Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV for
20-25% centrality. As shown, the hydrodynamic result
is close to the LHC data at n = 1 but has stronger n dependence. The hydrodynamic evolution tends to smearout short range correlations more eﬃciently. Viscouseﬀects are small. The Legendre coeﬃcients of the initial entropy distribution appear to agree with the data,
but the estimations at diﬀerent centralities indicatethat this is a coincidence. This disagreement may be
due to the lack of post-hydrodynamic treatments. Our
recent calculations suggest that they agree with experimental data when short range correlations from resonance decays are considered.4)
References
1) B. Schenke, S. Jeon, C. Gale, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,042301 (2011).
2) S. Jeon, J. I. Kapusta, Phys. Rev. C 56, 468 (1997).
3) Tech. Rep. ATLAS-CONF-2015-020, CERN, Geneva,
2015.
4) G. Denicol et al., in preparation.

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Constraining shear viscosity of QCD matter at forward rapidity†
G. Denicol,∗1 A. Monnai∗2 and B. Schenke∗1(ηT /(ϵ + P ))(T ) = (ηT /(ϵ + P ))min+ a × (Tc − T )θ(Tc − T )+ b × (T − Tc )θ(T − Tc ),(1)

where (ϵ + P )/T replaces s in the ﬁnite density system considered in this study. The four scenarios areplotted in Fig. 1. Hydrodynamic and initial condition
parameters are independently chosen for each scenario
so that rapidity distribution is reproduced.
Figure 2 shows the numerical results on the rapidity dependence of elliptic ﬂow v2 in Au-Au collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV for four diﬀerent sets of a and b. We
see that (ηT /(ϵ+P ))min = 0.04 with large hadronic viscosity is favored by the PHOBOS Collaboration data4) .
Similarly, our calculation of triangular ﬂow v3 indicatesthat the b = 2 scenario is better than the b = 0 one. It
is worth noting that (i) the temperature-independent
†

∗1
∗2

Condensed from the articles in arXiv:1512.01538 [nucl-th]
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
RIKEN Nishina Center- 117 -

5

(ηT/(ε+P))min=0.04, a=0, b=10
(ηT/(ε+P))min=0.12, a=0, b=0(ηT/(ε+P))min=0.04, a=10, b=0(ηT/(ε+P))min=0.04, a=10, b=24
ηT/(ε+P)

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a hightemperature phase of QCD. Its materialization at BNL
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and LHC Large Hadron
Collider has opened up a possibility to observe the
QCD medium quantitatively. One of the goals ofheavy-ion phenomenology is to constrain the microscopic properties of the QGP, namely, the equationof state (EoS) and the transport coeﬃcients. With
the advent of lattice QCD techniques, we have a goodunderstanding of the EoS near the vanishing chemical potential; however speculations still surround thetransport coeﬃcients. One such conjecture is the lower
boundary of shear viscosity, η/s = 1/4π, derived fromthe framework of the Anti-de Sitter/conformal ﬁeld
theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence1) .
We use a full three-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model Music2) to explore forward rapidity regions. In particular, we show in our description of
the experimental data that the AdS/CFT-conjectured
minimum boundary would not hold in QCD.
The input to the hydrodynamic model are chosen
as follows3) . The ﬂuctuating initial conditions for theentropy and the net baryon distribution are calculated using the Monte-Carlo Glauber model with rapidity dependence implemented by the modiﬁed Lexus
model. The EoS is that of (2+1)-ﬂavor lattice QCD
with the Taylor expansion method, connected to thatof hadron resonance gas in low-temperature regions at
a connecting temperature Tc . Since the hadron gas at
low T and the perturbative QCD gas at high T are
known to have large viscosity, we can parametrize theshear viscosity as

3
2
1
0

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

T[GeV]

Fig. 1. (Color online) Four models of temperaturedependent shear viscosity.

Fig. 2. (Color online) Rapidity dependence of v2 for diﬀerent ηT /(ϵ + P ) parameterizations.

ηT /(ϵ + P ) = 0.12, which has been known to work
well at mid-rapidity, is not preferred at forward rapidity, and (ii) this is an experimental indication that the
AdS/CFT minimum boundary η/s = 1/4π ≃ 0.08 canbe crossed near the quark-hadron crossover. It can beinterpreted that one needs a much smaller minimum
than what was conventionally used for the whole temperature range when temperature dependence is introduced because of the eﬀects of large shear viscosity atlower and higher temperatures.
References
1) P. Kovtun, D. T. Son, A. O. Starinets, Phys. Rev. Lett.
94, 111601 (2005).
2) B. Schenke, S. Jeon, C. Gale, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106,042301 (2011).
3) A. Monnai, B. Schenke, Phys. Lett. B 752, 317 (2016).
4) B. B. Back et al. [PHOBOS Collaboration], Phys. Rev.
C 72, 051901 (2005).

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Axial current generation by P-odd domain in QCD matter†
I. Iatrakis,∗1 S. Lin,∗2 and Y. Yin∗3
It is believed that parity-odd domains are produced in heavy ion collisions. The effect of parity odd domains can be modeled by an external θfield, which couples to topological charge density q =g 2 µνρσtrGµν Gρσ , where g is the strong coupling
32π 2 ǫconstant and G is the gluon field strength. An external θ field can induce nonvanishing q. According to
the axial anomaly equationµ= −2q,∂ µ JA(1)

a nonvanishing q can generate chiral imbalance, which
can be characterized by axial chemical potential µA .
The µA is a key component of the chiral magnetic effect(CME). The CME predicts the generation of electric
current along an external magnetic field in deconfined
quark-gluon plasma with chiral imbalance1)
Nc e2
µA B.
jV =
2π 2

(2)

The CME is currently being intensvely researchedthrough heavy ion collision experiments at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider(LHC). The goal of this paper is to explore the responseof the axial current to the θ field and the backreactionof the axial charge to the θ field.
We can write the response of q to θ as q(ω, k) =−GR (ω, k)θ(ω, k), with the response function in thehydrodynamic limit given by
GR (ω, k) = −χ −iΓCS ω κCS 2−
k + ···.
2T
2(3)

Here, the first term represents the topological susceptibility, which is highly suppressed in deconfined quarkgluon plasma. The second term is the Chern-Simon(CS) diffusion, where ΓCS is the diffusion rate. This
term is known to be responsible for axial charge generation. The third term is present when the externalθ field is spatially inhomogeneous. We note that thecorresponding transport coefficient κCS is measurable
on the lattice in the static limit ω → 0. It measures the
response of q to spatial inhomogeneity of the θ field.
More interestingly, we found in a model-independent
way that it leads to the generation of axial current
along the gradient of θ
jA = κCS ∇θ.

(4)

We also confirmed the current through a holographic
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

model calculation.2) It is worth noting that the holographic calculation also considers the contribution of
the conventional diffusive current. We argued that thiscurrent could be phenomenologically important in thecontext of heavy ion collisions as compared to the chiral separation effect and the chiral electric separation
effect. A schematic view of axial current generation isshown in Fig.1.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 25(2015)
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory- 118 -

Fig. 1. A schematic view of axial current generation along
the gradient of the θ field.

We also considered the backreaction of the axial
charge to the effective θ field. In the homogeneous
limit k = 0, the θ field generates an axial charge density
nA =

ΓCS
θ
T

(5)

through the diffusion of the topological charge and axial anomaly. Using axial charge susceptibility χA (notto be confused with topological susceptibility), it gives
rise to an axial chemical potential


ΓCS
θ.
(6)
µA =
χA T
Following Ref.3) , we identify µA with ∂t θ. By comparing this with Eq. 6, we obtain an exponential decay
for the effective θ field with the decay time scale set
χA T. The physical reason for the backas τsph = 2ΓCSreaction is that the presence of axial charge modifies
the gluon potential such that the topological charge
density is changed to partially balance out the axial
charge. This results in a damping of the topologicalnontrivial configurations like sphaleron. Thus, we refer to τsph as the sphaleron damping rate. In termsof the θ field, it is realized as the exponential decayof the field. We also confirmed the backreaction in aholographic model calculation.2)
References
1) D. Kharzeev, L. McLerran and H. Warringa, Nucl.
Phys. A 803, 227 (2008).
2) I. Iatrakis, S. Lin and Y. Yin, J. of High Energy Phys.
030, 09 (2015).
3) D. Kharzeev, Annals. Phys. 325, 205 (2010).

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Anomalous chiral eﬀects in heavy ion collisions†J. Liao∗1,∗2

Fig. 1. Correlations γHα ,Hβ vs centrality for 3-flavor case.

To draw a deﬁnitive conclusion, it is vital to develop anomalous hydrodynamic simulations that quantify the CME signals with realistic initial conditions
as well as account for background contributions. Recently a ﬁrst attempt has been made in4) to consistently quantify contributions to observed charge correlations from both the CME signal and background contributions in one and same framework that integrates
anomalous hydro with data-validated bulk viscous hy†∗1∗2

Condensed from the articles in Phys. Rev. D. 92, 071501(R)(2015) and in Phys. Lett. B 756, 42 (2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Indiana University- 119 -ΛΩ

Λ

dro simulations. The anomalous hydrodynamic equations for pertinent currents are solved in a linearized
way on top of the bulk evolution. The results from thiscomputation have demonstrated that the same-charge
correlation data by STAR can be described quantitatively with CME and TMC together, computed withmodest magnetic ﬁeld lifetime (∼ 1fm/c) and realistic initial axial charge density. To further test thisinterpretation, predictions have been made for the azimuthal correlations of various identiﬁed hadron paris(see Fig. 1 ), to be compared with future data.

ΛAnomalous chiral eﬀects, notably the Chiral Magnetic Eﬀect (CME), are remarkable phenomena thatstem from highly nontrivial interplay of QCD chiralsymmetry, axial anomaly, and gluonic topology. It isof fundamental importance to search for these eﬀects inexperiments. The heavy ion collisions provide a uniqueenvironment where a hot chiral-symmetric quark-gluon
plasma is created, gluonic topological ﬂuctuations generate chirality imbalance, and very strong magnetic⃗ ∼ m2 are present during the early stage ofﬁelds |B|πsuch collisions. For recent reviews, see1–3) .
The CME predicts the generation of charge cur⃗ for a chiral medium inrent ⃗J along magnetic ﬁeld B⃗
the presence of axial charge imbalance: ⃗J = CA µA B
where µA characterizes chirality imbalance. In noncentral heavy ion collisions, the CME may lead to an
out-of-plane charge separation eﬀect, contributing to
the reaction-plane dependent azimuthal correlation observable: γHα Hβ =< cos(ϕi + ϕj − 2ΨRP ) >αβ withHα , Hβ labeling the hadron species and ϕi,j the azimuthal angles of the two ﬁnal state charged hadrons.
The ΨRP denotes reaction plane angle. However, themeasured correlation suﬀers from elliptic ﬂow driven
background contributions and can not be entirely attributed to CME. The separation of ﬂow-driven background and possible CME signal is the most pressing
issue in current CME search.

Fig. 2. Normalized Λ̄ and Λ elliptic flow splitting,f|AΛ[v2Λ̄ − v2Λ ]/[|qΩ± ], for symmetric 2-flavor(2-F) and 3flavor(3-F) cases (for 15−30% and 60−92% centrality).

Studying CME-related anomalous transport phenomena provides an independent avenue for the searchof CME. Global ﬂuid rotation (quantiﬁed by nonzero
vorticity ω⃗ ) bears close similarity to a magnetic ﬁeld
⃗ and can induce Chiral Vortical Eﬀects (CVE). In
B
the presence of ﬂuid rotation, a new gapless collective mode called Chiral Vortical Wave (CVW) has recently been found in5) . The CVW arises from interplay between vector and axial charge ﬂuctuations induced by CVE. For the rotating quark-gluon plasma in
non-central collisions, the CVW-induced charge transport leads to the formation of ﬂavor-wise quadrupole
in the ﬁreball. Such phenomenon could be manifested
through the elliptic ﬂow splitting of Λ and Λ̄ baryons(with predictions shown in Fig. 2) that may be experimentally measured.
References
1) D. E. Kharzeev, J. Liao, S. A. Voloshin and G. Wang,
Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 88, 1 (2016).
2) J. Liao, Pramana 84, no. 5, 901 (2015).
3) J. Liao, arXiv:1601.00381 [nucl-th].
4) Y. Yin and J. Liao, Phys. Lett. B 756, 42 (2016).
5) Y. Jiang, X. G. Huang and J. Liao, Phys. Rev. D 92,
no. 7, 071501 (2015).

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Transverse momentum dependent jet model for quark fragmentation
functions†W. Bentz ∗1∗2 and K. Yazaki ∗1
Fragmentation functions (FFs) describe the semiinclusive production of hadrons in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons on nuclear targets1) . The leading order process for the case of pion production isrepresented by Fig. 1, which shows a high energy virtual quark with momentum k and polarization s after
the interaction with the lepton, fragmenting into theobserved pion with momentum p and a spectator state,
which includes a quark and, in general, also unobserved
hadrons. The FF describing this process has the form
p

k,s

p

k,s

Fig. 1. Cut diagram representing the process where a quarkwith momentum k and polarization s fragments into apion with momentum p. The shaded oval represents the
spectator states, and the cut goes through the shadedoval.

F (q→π) (z, p⊥ ; s) = D(q→π) (z, p2⊥ )1
3(p⊥ × s) H ⊥(q→π) (z, p2⊥ ) ,
+
(1)
mπ z
where the direction of the 3-momentum of the fragmenting quark is assumed along the z axis. The produced pion has a fraction z of the initial quark’s longitudinal momentum and transverse momentum p⊥ .
The two functions in (1) are the unpolarized FF
D(q→π) and the so-called Collins function H ⊥(q→π) .
The observed single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive
pion production in DIS of polarized electrons on unpolarized protons2) have shown that the Collins function
is non-zero, while more precise information has not yet
been obtained.
The two FFs of (1) are subject to important sum
rules. If we consider only the case of inclusive pion production and quark ﬂavor SU (2) for simplicity, the sum
rules for the longitudinal and transverse momentum,
and the ispospin sum rule are expressed as follows: 1
dz z d2 p⊥ D(q→π) (z, p2⊥ ) = 1 , (2)
 1
τπ

†
∗1
∗2

0

τπ

0

dz
2zmπ



d2 p⊥ p2⊥ H ⊥(q→π) (z, p2⊥ ) = 0 , (3)Condensed from an article by W. Bentz et al, to be publishedin Phys. Rev. D (2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokai University- 120 -


τπ

τπ

 1
0

dz



d2 p⊥ D(q→π) (z, p2⊥ ) =

τq
. (4)
2

Here the isospin labels for the pions and quarks areτπ = (1, 0, −1) for (π + , π 0 , π − ), and τq = (1, −1) for(u, d).
In this work we extend our previous quark-jet model
description3) of the unpolarized FF to the polarizedcase. In order to account for multi-fragmentation processes, we make a product ansatz for F (q→π) in termsof the functions describing the elementary fragmentation processes. The proper treatment of the spin of thequark in the intermediate states requires several moreelementary FFs, in addition to the elementary counterparts of the two functions in (1). We have worked
out the coupled integral equations for the two FFs in
Eq.(1), which can readily be used for numerical calculations. An important result of our investigation isthat the sum rules (2) - (4) are satisﬁed automaticallyin this transverse momentum dependent jet-model.
Important tasks for future investigations are to obtain numerical solutions of the integral equations derived in this work, as well as the extension to include
additional hadron production channels.
This work was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Kakenhi Grant
No. 25400270).

References
1) V. Barone, A. Drago, and P.G. Ratcliﬀe, Phys. Rept.
359, 1 (2002).
2) M. Aghasyan et al. (CLAS Collab.), Phys. Lett. B
704, 397 (2011).
3) T. Ito, W. Bentz, I.C. Cloët, A.W. Thomas, K. Yazaki,
Phys. Rev. D 80, 074008 (2009).

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Perturbative matching for quasi-PDFs between continuum and lattice

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) play an important role in understanding the structure of nucleons.
In the search for the nucleon structure through experiment, the PDF is important; however it is currently
estimated using the model assumption. Its direct lattice QCD calculation is impossible because it basicallyinvolves light-cone dynamics. In principle, the calculation can be made by operator product expansion;
this method, however, is quite diﬃcult because in thehigher moments, the signal-to-noise ratios worsen. Recently, a strategy has been proposed, in which a computable quantity on the lattice (quasi-PDF) can be related to the (normal) PDF by perturbative matching.1)
The relation between the normal-PDF q(x, µ) and thequasi-PDF q�(x, P3 , Λ) can be written as
(
)
∫ 1
dy
x µ Λ
Z
, ,
q(y, µ) + · · · , (1)q�(x, Λ, P3 ) =y P3 P3−1 |y|

where x is the momentum fraction of the parent hadron
being carried by a quark, µ is the renormalization scale,and Λ is the UV cutoﬀ scale. The quasi-PDF is presented by∫dδz −ix̃P3 δzq�(x̃, Λ, P3 ) =e⟨N (P3 )|Oδz |N (P3 )⟩, (2)2πwhere the matrix element (ME) is deﬁned as the transition amplitude between the in- and out-nucleon stateswith momentum P3 in the z-direction; the non-local
operator elongated in the z-direction is described as∫Oδz =ψ(x + 3̂δz)γ3 U3 (x + 3̂δz; x)ψ(x),(3)
xwith a Wilson line operator U3 (x + 3̂δz; x). The essential part in Eq. (2) is the nonperturbative ME, which
we call quasi-PDF ME and write Mδz (P3 ). This ME
can be calculated using the lattice QCD simulation because it is not time-dependent. We need a matching toconvert the ME obtained from the lattice calculation
to the continuum counterpart, which has been omitted in the current lattice calculations and is a main
purpose of this report.
To achieve matching between lattice and continuum,
we have two choices: matching “in momentum space”
or “in coordinate space”. The ﬁrst one is similar to thecontinuum matching in Eq. (1). In this approach, δz
is ﬁrst integrated out; thus, the z-component of the incoming and outgoing momentum at the vertex is ﬁxed
to be x̃P3 . However, we take the second approach,which is simple and more easily controllable in the actual lattice QCD simulation. The matching is achievedby a δz dependent matching factor:∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 121 -C(δz)

T. Ishikawa∗1
10
5
0
-5

-10

-5

0
δz

5

10

Fig. 1. One-loop coeﬃcient of the matching factor.

[Mδz (P3 )]cont= Z(δz) [Mδz (P3 )]

latt

.

(4)

As the matching factor for operators does not dependon the external states, we can set P3 = 0 for the calculation of the amplitude.
The transition amplitude involves power divergences, which arises from the Wilson line operator inboth continuum and lattice. The power divergencemust be subtracted nonperturbatively so that the theory is well-deﬁned. There are several ways to performthe subtraction and we choose to use a static QQ̄ potential that shares the same power divergence. The
Wilson line operator with a contour C, WC , can berenormalized as
WC = eδmℓ(C) WCren ,(5)where the superscript “ren” indicates that the operator is renormalized, ℓ(C) denotes the length along thecontour C, and δm denotes the mass renormalizationof a test particle moving along the contour C.2) By
choosing the renormalization condition for the static
QQ̄ potential at a distance R0 so that V ren (R0 ) = V0 ,the mass renormalization can be obtained as3) δm =(V0 − V (R0 ))/2. Using the renormalization condition
above, we can deﬁne power divergence free ME as
MSδz (P3 ) = e

V (R0 )−V0|δz|2Mδz (P3 ).

(6)

We only show the matching factor between continuum and lattice here using a naive fermion for simplicity, while it is not realistic for the actual simulation. We calculate it at one-loop order with HYP2
link smearing of the Wilson line and with mean-ﬁeld
improvement. Figure 1 shows the one-loop coeﬃcientof the matching factor
Z(δz) = 1 +g2 4
C(δz) + O(g 4 ).
(4π)2 3(7)

Using this, we can obtain the ME in continuum andthe quasi-PDF can be calculated. We are currently
planning to perform the actual simulation with thismatching strategy.
References
1) X. Ji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 262002 (2013).
2) H. Dorn, Fortsch. Phys. 34, 11 (1986).
3) B. U. Musch et al., Phys. Rev. D 83, 094507 (2011).

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Chiral contamination in nucleon correlation functions†
B. C. Tiburzi ∗1
The study of excited-state contamination in nucleon
correlation functions is motivated by lattice QCD computations. In particular, the Euclidean time dependence of two- and three-point functions is used to extract the nucleon mass and current matrix elements
using standard lattice techniques. The long-time limit
is used as a filter for the ground-state nucleon, such as
exhibited in the effective mass of the two-point function, which has the behavior
Mef f (τ ) = log

G(τ )→ MN + |Z ′ |2 e−∆E τ , (1)G(τ + a)where the exponential term arises from coupling to an
excited state. A flat effective mass indicates saturation from the ground state, however, stochastically determined nucleon correlation functions exhibit a wellknown signal-to-noise problem at long times. Without
an increase in statistics, one can attempt to minimize|Z ′ |2 through construction of better nucleon interpolating operators. Such operators have reduced coupling to excited states; and, to this end, we investigate
the nature of pion-nucleon excited states using chiralperturbation theory. One should note that the signalto-noise problem is considerably more detrimental tothe case of three-point functions due to the necessityof two Euclidean time separations, and the lack of apositivity condition.
We have determined the pion-nucleon (also the piondelta) contributions to nucleon two- and three-point
correlators as a function of Euclidean time. Originallythe computation was performed for a continuum of excited states2) , and then revisited for a discrete set ofstates relevant for a torus1) . Strictly speaking, the nucleon operator of chiral perturbation theory is local,
and the results are only applicable to extended latticenucleon operators provided their characteristic size R
is much smaller than the length scale introduced by
the chiral symmetry breaking scale, R ≪ Λ−1
χ . A dis3)
cussion of this is contained in , where the effective
field theory mapping of lattice interpolating operators
is also detailed.
To perform these computations of unamputated correlation functions using chiral perturbation theory, thecrucial observation is that the results can be cast in theformGχ (τ ) = |ZO |2 e−MN τ 1 + |ZπN |2 e−∆EπN τ ,(2)where, for simplicity, we illustrate the case of the twopoint function. The overlap |ZO |2 is determined by†∗1

Condensed from Reference1)
Department of Physics, The City College of New York(CUNY); and RIKEN Nishina Center- 122 -

Fig. 1. Excited-state contamination in the axial-vector
three-point function of the nucleon. The contaminationis plotted as a function of the current-insertion time t(relative to the source-sink midpoint) for three valuesof the source-sink separation τ . The lattice spacing a
is taken to be 0.1 fm. Excited states with pions tend todrive the axial correlator upwards, potentially leading
to overestimation of the axial charge of a few percent.

the short-distance dynamics of the nucleon interpolating operator. The relative overlap, |ZπN |2 , however,is a long-distance correction that can be determined
universally using chiral perturbation theory. The twopoint function exhibits no surprises. Specializing to
the case of the iso-vector, axial-vector current matrix
element in the nucleon, we compute the ratio of threepoint to two-point functions using chiral perturbation
theory, namely†+GA (τ, t) = �0|ON (τ )Jµ5(t)ON(0)|0� Gχ (τ ),(3)and the result is shown in Figure 1. We find that thedominant excited-state contamination arises, not surprisingly, from nucleon to pion-nucleon intermediate
states. For insufficient time separation, such excitedstate contamination drives the axial-current correlation function upwards. On the basis of perturbative
pion-nucleon interactions, we conclude that the consistent lattice underestimation of the nucleon axial
charge, gA , is not likely due to contamination frompion-nucleon states. Lattice QCD studies with welllocalized interpolating operators would allow for confrontation with this prediction.
References
1) B. C. Tiburzi, Phys. Rev. D 91: 094510 (2015),
arXiv:1503.06329 [hep-lat].
2) B. C. Tiburzi, Phys. Rev. D 80: 014002 (2009),
arXiv:0901.0657 [hep-lat].
3) O. Bär, Phys. Rev. D 92: 074504 (2015), arXiv:1503.03649[hep-lat].

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

High-precision calculation of the strange
nucleon electromagnetic form factors†
J. Green,∗1 S. Meinel,∗2,∗3 M. Engelhardt,∗4 S. Krieg,∗5,∗6 J. Laeuchli,∗7 J. Negele,∗8 K. Orginos,∗9,∗10
A. Pochinsky,∗8 and S. Syritsyn∗2†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D 92, 031501(2015)∗1 Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz∗2 RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Department of Physics, University of Arizona∗4 Department of Physics, New Mexico State University∗5 Bergische Universität Wuppertal∗6 IAS, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, ForschungszentrumJülich∗7 Department of Computer Science, College of William andMary∗8 Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology∗9 Physics Department, College of William and Mary
∗10 Thomas Jeﬀerson National Accelerator Facility- 123 -

0.012
0.010
0.008
0.006
GE

0.004
0.002
0.000

strangelight disconnected−0.002−0.004
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6
Q2 (GeV2 )

0.8

1.0

1.2

0.00
−0.01
−0.02
GM

The nucleon electromagnetic form factors describe
how electric charge and current are distributed inside
protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons primarily contain up and down quarks, but virtual strangeanti-strange quark pairs also give minute contributions
to the form factors. Isolating these contributions has
been a long-standing challenge for experiment and theory. The strange electromagnetic form factors, GsE and
GsM , can be accessed in elastic electron-proton scattering by analyzing the small parity-violating eﬀects
arising from Z-boson exchange. The available experimental results, which focus on momentum transfers
Q2 in the vicinity of 0.2 GeV2 , are consistent with zerobut constrain the relative contribution of the strange
quarks to be within a few percent1) .
Ab-initio calculations of GsE and GsM are possibleusing lattice QCD. This is a formidable task because
it requires the computation of quark-disconnected diagrams, which are very noisy. The noise originates bothfrom the gauge-ﬁeld ﬂuctuations of the QCD path integral, and from the stochastic methods needed to evaluate the disconnected quark loops. In this work, we
performed a lattice QCD calculation of the strange nucleon electromagnetic form factors using a novel variance reduction method called hierarchical probing 2) .
Our lattice results for GsE and GsM , along with modelindependent ﬁts using the z expansion, are shown in
Fig. 1. This is the ﬁrst time that both GsE and GsM are
resolved from zero with high signiﬁcance. In addition,
our calculation was performed in a larger lattice volume and at a closer-to-physical light-quark mass (corresponding to mπ = 317 MeV) than previous work.
From the z-expansion ﬁts of the Q2 -dependence, we
determined the strange electric and magnetic charge
2
radii (rE,M)s ≡ −6 dGsE,M /dQ2 |Q2 =0 , and the strange
magnetic moment µs ≡ GsM (0) µN (where µN is thenuclear magneton). We also performed simple extrap-

−0.03
−0.04
−0.05

strangelight disconnected

−0.06
−0.07

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6
Q2 (GeV2 )

0.8

1.0

1.2

Fig. 1. Strange-quark and disconnected light-quark electricand magnetic form factors of the nucleon, for a lightquark mass corresponding to mπ = 317 MeV.

olations of these quantities to the physical pion mass,
obtaining
2 s(rE) = −0.0067(10)(17)(15) fm2 ,2 s) = −0.018(6)(5)(5) fm2 ,(rMµs = −0.022(4)(4)(6) µN .

The ﬁrst two uncertainties given here originate fromthe statistical and systematic uncertainties in the lattice QCD calculation itself, and the last uncertainty
results from the extrapolation to the physical point.
For comparison, a global analysis of parity-violating
asymmetry data for elastic electron-proton scattering
gives µs = −0.26(26) µN 1) , which is consistent with
our result but has a much larger uncertainty.
References
1) R. González-Jiménez, J. A. Caballero, and T. W. Donnelly, Phys. Rev. D 90, 033002 (2014).
2) A. Stathopoulos, J. Laeuchli, and K. Orginos, SIAM J.
Sci. Comput. 35(5), S299–S322 (2013).

6. Particle Physics

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Lattice determination of |Vus |with inclusive hadronic τ decay experiment†
T. Izubuchi,∗1, ∗2 and H. Ohki∗2
The Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vus | is an
important parameter for flavor physics, which is relevant for searching new physics beyond the standard
model in particle physics. Thus far, |Vus | has been
most precisely determined by kaon decay experiments.
As an alternative, |Vus | can also be determined independently from τ decay. A conventional method is to
use the so-called finite energy sum rule with polyno(J)mial weight function ω(s) and spectral function ρV /A
with spin J = 0, 1 as
 s0
1ω(s)ρ(s)ds = −ω(s)Π(s)ds,(1)2πi |s|=s00where Π(s) is a hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP)
function. Here, ρ(s) on the left hand side is related
to the differential τ decay rate by hadronic V and A
currents with u, s flavors as
dRus;V /A
12π 2 |Vus |2 SEW=(1 − yτ )2
(2)
ds
m2τ


(0+1)
× (1 + 2yτ ρus;V /A − 2yτ ρ0us;V /A ) ,where yτ = s/m2τ , and SEW is a known short-distanceelectroweak correction. The HVP function Π(s) on theright hand side in Eq.(1) is analytically calculated using OPE based on perturbative QCD (pQCD). Thus,
the value of momentum s0 should be sufficiently large
to use a perturbative OPE result. By combining boththe inclusive τ decay experiments and pQCD, one canobtain |Vus |. Recent analyses suggest that there is 3 σ
discrepancy between the two results obtained from themethod that uses the inclusive τ decay and the CKM
unitarity constraint. While there might be a possibility that such a discrepancy could be explained by theeffect of new physics, we should note that OPE yields a
potential problematic uncertainty in the determinationof |Vus | from the inclusive hadronic τ decay by using
the finite energy sum rule a) . Thus, it is important to
reduce the uncertainty of the QCD part, so that theso-called |Vus | puzzle can be resolved.
In this report, for the purpose of resolving this problem, we would like to propose an alternative methodof determining |Vus |, in which we use non-perturbative
lattice QCD results for Π(s) in addition to pQCD.
Combining the two inputs, we expect that more reliable results could be obtained. In order to use lattice
QCD inputs, we adopt a different weight function ω(s)
†
∗1
∗2
a)

All the results shown here are preliminary.
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
RIKEN Nishina Center
For a recent study of the inclusive τ decay by using the finite
energy sum rule, see1) .

- 125 -

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

N=3, (Q2 , Q3 )=(0.2,0.3)
N=4, (Q2 , Q3 , Q4 )=(0.2,0.3,0.4)
2

N=5, (Q2 , Q3 , Q4 , Q5 )=(0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)

0.00010

1
2
2
Q1 [GeV ]2

Fig. 1. Dependence of Q21 on the ratio of the pQCD andkaon pole contribution. For pQCD result, D = 0 OPE(Nf = 3) and a conventional value of |Vus | are used.

that has poles in the Euclidean momentum region. As
an illustrative example, we assume a weight functionas ω(s) = (s+Q2 )(s+Q12 )···(s+Q2 ) , where −Q2k < 0 (for12N
k = 1, ..., N ), and N ≥ 3. Taking s0 → ∞ in Eq.(1),
we obtain
 ∞
N



ρ(s)ω(s)ds =Res Π(−Q2k )ω(−Q2k ) . (3)0kThe lattice result is used for residues on the right handside. The left hand side can be evaluated up to s = m2τ
from experimental data, and we use a pQCD result fors > m2τ . There is an advantage of using this method.
As the above weight function ω(s) is highly suppressedin the high momentum region, the uncertainty introduced by pQCD can be reduced. In fact, Fig. 1 shows
the dependence of weight function on the ratio of theOPE contribution of the spectrum integral in Eq.(3) tothe contribution of the dominant kaon pole. As shownin Fig. 1, the OPE contribution can be suppressed byadding poles in the weight function.
As a preliminary study, we calculate |Vus | deter(0)(0)
mined from ρA . As for the lattice calculation of ρA ,we use the lattice result of L = 48 near the physicalquark massb) . Using a weight function with three polesof (Q21 , Q22 , Q23 ) = (0.1, 0.2, 0.3), we obtain a statistical relative error of 0.3%, which is competitive withprevious results. As a future work, we will estimate
systematic uncertainties such as lattice discretization,
unphysical mass, and contributions from other channels, in particular pQCD effects.
References
1) P. A. Boyle et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.
35, 1460441 (2014) doi:10.1142/S2010194514604414[arXiv:1312.1716 [hep-ph]].
b)

We thank RBC-UKQCD collaboration and Kim Maltman
for providing lattice HVP and experimental data.

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Standard-model prediction for direct CP violation in K → ππ decays
C. Kelly∗1 for the RBC and UKQCD collaborations∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory- 126 -

0.02
0.04
0.015

0.02

0.01

0

Q6

Q2

A first-principles calculation of the amount of direct
CP-violation in the Standard Model has long been agoal of the particle physics community. Utilizing recent computational and theoretical advances, the RBC& UKQCD collaborations have performed the first realistic determination of this quantity.
Direct CP-violation occurs in the decays of neutralkaons into two pions and is parameterized by a quantity ǫ′ , which is very small (O(10−6 )) in the Standard
Model and therefore offers a sensitive probe for the newphysics expected to account for the preponderance ofmatter over antimatter in the observable universe.
In K → ππ decays, the final ππ state can haveisospin quantum numbers of either I = 2 or 0, and ǫ′
manifests as a difference in the complex phases of thecorresponding amplitudes, A2 and A0 . These amplitudes receive significant contributions from hadronicscale QCD effects, necessitating the use of lattice QCD.
Such calculations require powerful computers, in ourcase the IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputers at RBRC,
ANL and Edinburgh University, and would otherwise
take several thousand years on a typical laptop.
Our most recent determination of A2 1) was performed with large physical volumes, physical pion
masses and energy-conserving kinematics. We measured A2 with two different lattice spacings, thereby
enabling a continuum limit to be performed. We obtained a very precise result: Re(A2 ) = 1.50(4)(14) ×
10−8 and Im(A2 ) = −6.99(20)(84) × 10−13 , where theerrors are statistical and systematic, respectively. The
latter arise mainly from the use of perturbation theory
in the renormalization of the underlying lattice matrix
elements, and can be reduced by improved perturbative calculations or by renormalizing at higher energies.
Calculating A0 is significantly more challenging, requiring novel techniques for statistical error reduction
and for measuring with energy-conserving kinematics.
Our ground-breaking calculation, reported in Physical Review Letters2) , is the first ab initio determination of A0 with controllable errors. The calculation
was performed on a single lattice with a somewhat
coarse lattice spacing but a large physical volume, resulting in controlled finite-volume errors (∼7%) but
relatively large discretization errors (∼12%). Nevertheless the largest systematic errors are again associated with the perturbative truncation in the renormalization factors (∼15%) and Wilson coefficients (12%).
We are presently working to raise the renormalization
scale in order to reduce these errors.
As part of the calculation we also measure the I = 0ππ-scattering phase-shift at the physical kaon mass,

0.005

−0.02
−0.04

0
−0.06
−0.005
−0.01

−0.08
18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

−0.1

18

16

14

12

tππ − tQ

10

8

6

4

2

0

tππ − tQ

Fig. 1.: The Q2 and Q6 three-point functions, plottedin lattice units as functions of tππ − tQ , with the timedependence removed. The horizontal lines show thecentral value and errors.
for which we obtain δ0 = 23.8(4.9)(1.2)◦ , which isroughly 2.7σ smaller than phenomenological expectations3,4) . This is possibly due to the existenceof excited-state contamination hidden by the rapidly
diminishing signal-to-noise ratio; more statistics areneeded to confirm this hypothesis.
For the I = 0 K → ππ amplitude, we obtained(1)
Re(A0 ) = 4.66(1.00)(1.26) × 10−7 GeV
−11
GeV
(2)
Im(A0 ) = −1.90(1.23)(1.08) × 10
where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. Our value for Re(A0 ) agrees with the experimental value of 3.3201(18) × 10−7 GeV and serves as atest of our method. Im(A0 ) was heretofore unknown.
In Fig. 1 we plot the matrix elements Q2 and Q6
which comprise the dominant contributions to the realand imaginary parts of A0 , respectively.
Combining our lattice values for Im(A2 ) and Im(A2 )with the more precise experimental determinations of
the real parts, we obtain the following result.



 ′
ImA0
iωei(δ2 −δ0 ) ImA2
ε
√
= Re
(3)
−
Re
ε
ReA2
ReA0
2ε
= 1.38(5.15)(4.59) × 10−4 ,(4)which is 2.1σ below the experimental value 16.6(2.3) ×
10−4 . While currently in broad agreement, the possibility of resolving a discrepancy is clear motivation forcontinued study. With continued effort we expect thata 10% error relative to the measured value of Re(ε′ /ε)can be achieved within 5 years.
References
1) T. Blum et al. [RBC and UKQCD Collaborations],
Phys. Rev. D 91, 7, 074502 (2015) [arXiv:1502.00263[hep-lat]].
2) Z. Bai et al. [RBC and UKQCD Collaborations], Phys.
Rev. Lett. 115, no. 21, 212001 (2015) [arXiv:1505.07863[hep-lat]].
3) G. Colangelo, J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler, Nucl. Phys.
B 603, 125 (2001) [hep-ph/0103088].
4) G. Colangelo, E. Passemar and P. Stoffer, Eur. Phys. J.
C 75, 172 (2015) [arXiv:1501.05627 [hep-ph]].

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Dipolar quantization and the infinite circumference limit of 2d CFT†
T. Tada∗1
We elaborate on our previous work1) , where a newterm dipolar quantization was introduced, and further
argue that adopting L0 − (L1 + L−1 )/2 as the Hamiltonian yields an infinite circumference limit in twodimensional conformal field theory. One of the physical significances of this new Hamiltonian is that thetime translational vector field coincides with the electric field of an electric dipole located at z = 1, as opposed to in the ordinary radial quantization case. The
new theory then exhibits a continuous and strongly
degenerated spectrum as well as the Virasoro algebrawith a continuous index.
First, let us define the following “charges”:1tdzg(z)fκ (z)T (z),
(1)
Lκ ≡
2πi

where T (z) = Tzz (z) is the holomorphic part of theenergy-momentum tensor of the original CFT. Further, the integration is performed along the path where
the Euclidean time t assumes a constant value. The
relationship between the Euclidean time t and the z
coordinate is best summarized by introducing a newcoordinate w as
w = t + is,(2)

where s represents the Euclidean space part. Then,the following relations are imposed:
∂w
1
=
,
∂z
g(z)
fκ (z) = eκw .

(3)
(4)

Now we can define Lκ by choosing an appropriate valueof g(z). In particular, for κ = 0, we have the expression
for the Hamiltonian for g(z) below corresponding to
the case for the ordinary radial quantization and forthe dipolar quantization:1tdzg(z)T (z)
L0 =
2πi

for g(z) = z
 L0
.
(5)
=

L1 +L−1(z−1)2for g(z) = − 2
L0 −2
One can then calculate the commutation relations
between Lκ ’s as follows:

+
†

∗1

[Lκ , Lκ ] = (κ − κ )Lκ+κ
 c 3
 12 (κ − κ)δκ+κ ,0 for g(z) = zc 312 κ δ(κ + κ )2for g(z) = − (z−1)
2

. (6)

2

, κ assumes all the real valHere, for g(z) = − (z−1)
2ues, while κ is an integer for g(z) = z. By using thiscommutation relation with the Hamiltonian
H = L0 + L̄0 ,(7)|α, σ,(8)

L0 |α, σ = α|α, σ.

(9)Lκ |α, σ = |α − κ, σ.

(10)L†κ = L−κ ,(11)(L−1 )† = L−1 , (L0 )† = 2L−1 − L0 ,(L1 )† = L1 − 4L0 + 4L−1 .

(12)where L̄0 stands for a member of another set of similar“charges”, one can construct a state with an arbitraryvalue of energy in the following manner. First, consider
an eigenstate of L0 with an eigenvalue α and with anadditional index σ labeling a possible degeneracy:
so thatIn this case, operating on |α, σ with Lκ yields

Thus, starting from the vacuum or any other energy
eigenstate, we can construct an eigenstate for L0 withan arbitrary eigenvalue because κ can assume any realvalue.
Further, one can show that
where † stands for the Hermitian conjugation. Oneof the idiosyncrasies we find in this formulation is adifferent inner product of the Hilbert space. For the2
choice of g(z) = − (z−1), the following holds:
2

Equation (13) shows that the operations of the Hermitian conjugation operations in dipolar quantizationon L−1 , L0 and L1 are closed among themselves. In
addition, they definitely assume a different form fromthose in radial quantization. Nonetheless, if we compute the Hermitian conjugate for the combination
L0 −(L1 +L−1 )/2, which is the Hamiltonian for dipolar
quantization, it proves to be Hermitian (in the senseof dipolar quantization):†
L1 + L−1
L0 −2
L1 − 4L0 + 4L−1 + L−1= 2L−1 − L0 −(13)
2
L1 + L−1.
= L0 −
2
Thus, we presented a new conformal symmetric quantum system with novel Hamiltonian and Hilbert space.
References
1) N. Ishibashi and T. Tada, J. Phys. A 48, no. 31, 315402(2015) [arXiv:1504.00138 [hep-th]].

Condensed from arXiv:1602.01190 [hep-th].
RIKEN Nishina Center- 127 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Revision of the brick wall method for calculating the black holethermodynamic quantities†
F. Lenz,∗1,∗3 K. Ohta,∗2 and K.Yazaki∗3
The brick wall method was proposed by t’Hooft1)
for calculating the contributions of a scalar ﬁeld to thethermodynamic quantities of black holes, and it has
become a common tool for studying thermodynamic
properties in the spaces with horizons. We examine
the method in Rindler space, which has been often
used as a near horizon approximation for black holes,
by developing an accurate numerical method for the
calculation. We ﬁnd that the previous works1–3) overestimated the partition function and the entropy byalmost 2 orders of magnitude. The origin of the discrepancy between our results and theirs is clariﬁed byrepeating the calculations of the latter in our framework. We also carry out the analogous studies for thescalar ﬁeld in de Sitter space and conﬁrm that our
method is applicable to the important case of spherically symmetric spaces.
Rindler space is deﬁned by the following coordinatetransformation from the Minkowski space.
t, x, x⊥ → τ, ξ, x⊥ :1t(τ, ξ) = eaξ sinh aτ,ax(τ, ξ) =1 aξ
e cosh aτ, (1)awhere a is the acceleration of a particle at ξ = τ = 0(x = a1 , t = 0) in Minkowski space. In the following
calculation, we use a = 1, measuring all quantities inunits of powers of a. A noninteracting scalar ﬁeld withmass m satisﬁes the equation of motion,(∂τ2 − ∂ξ2 − (∇2⊥ − m2 )e2ξ )ϕ(τ, ξ, x⊥ ) = 0.

(2)

The solution vanishing asymptotically at ξ → ∞ is√
2 eξ ),ϕ(τ, ξ, x⊥ ) = e−iωτ eik⊥ x⊥ Kiω ( m2 + k⊥(3)

where K is the MacDonald function.
In order to calculate the thermodynamic quantities,
we restrict the system in the transverse directions to asquare with area A using the periodic boundary condition in the usual way. The brick wall method uses the
Dirichlet boundary condition at ξ0 with the distancefrom the horizon l = eξ0 on the order of the Planck
length, lP . The eigenvalue equation for ω is√
2 + m2 eξ0 ) = 0,
(4)
Kiω ( k⊥which results in discrete spectra ωn (k⊥ ), n = 1, 2, . . .
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D, Vol.92, 064018(2015)
Institue for Theoretical Physics, University of ErlangenNuernberg
Institute of Physics, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 128 -

for each k⊥ . The partition function is then given by
∞ ∫
A ∑ ∞
k⊥ dk⊥ ln(1−e−βωn (k⊥ ) ),(5)ln Z(β) = −2π n=1 0

where β = 2π at the Unruh temperature.
In the previous works, the eigenvalues of ω are obtained by the WKB approximation and the sum over n
for the partition function (5) is replaced by the integral
from 0 to ∞ under the assumption that many n’s contribute to the sum, leading to the well known closed expressions for the thermodynamic quantities1–3) in thecase of a massless scalar ﬁeld. We have solved theequation for m = 0 numerically with high accuracy
and found that only a small number of n’s contributeto the sum with n = 1 term dominating at the Unruh temperature. The origin of the overestimation in
the previous works is the contribution of the region
0 ≤ n < 1, where the spectrum is absent.
The results of our calculation for the partition function ln Z and the entropy S = (1−β∂β ) ln Z at the Unruh temperature based on the numerical solutions ofeq.(4) are shown in TABLE I together with the closed
expressions of the previous works (WKB). They are
given in units of A/4l2 which equals the BeckensteinHawking entropy for l = lP . Our result for ln Z with
only the n = 1 term in (5) is also shown, demonstrating the dominance of this term. The previous works
are seen to overestimate ln Z by 68 and S by 37.
TABLE I ln Z and S in units of A/4l2
ln Z (n = 1) ln Z (total)Seq.(4) 1.27 × 10−5 1.30 × 10−5 9.68 × 10−5
WKB
1/360π1/90πAnother important diﬀerence between our calculation and the previous ones is that ours is sensitive tothe boundary condition at the brick wall because of
the sensitivity of eigenvalues for small n’s while theprevious ones are insensitive owing to the assumptionthat many n’s contribute to the sum in equation (5)The dominance of the n = 1 mode implies that thelongitudinal degrees of freedom are practically frozen
at the Unruh temperature and the thermodynamic
properties are determined by the transverse degrees
of freedom.
References
1) G.’t Hooft, Nucl. Phys. B 256, 727 (1985).
2) L. Susskind and J. Uglum, Phys. Rev. D 50, 2700
(1994).
3) S. Mukohyama and W. Israel, Phys. Rev. D 58, 104005(1998).

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Direct detection of composite dark matter via electromagnetic
polarizability†
E. T. Neil∗1,∗2 for the LSD Collaboration

OF = CF B ∗ B F µα Fαν vµ vν ,(1)where Fµν is the electromagnetic field-strength tensor,
B is the “baryon” composite dark matter field, and vµ
is the four-velocity of B. Because this is a two-photonvertex, scattering of “stealth baryons” off of ordinary
nuclei thus involves a virtual photon loop, leading to anorder-of-magnitude nuclear uncertainty partly due tothe poorly constrained effects of nuclear excited states.
The unknown coefficient CF must be determinedby a non-perturbative lattice calculation. We generate a series of SU(4) gauge configurations with lattice
volume V = 323 × 64, and apply the standard background field method3) to study the polarizability anddetermine CF . The “baryon” ground-state energy isdetermined from a two-point correlation function in
the presence of an applied background electric field, E.
The polarizability operator induces a quadratic Stark
shift in the mass of the “baryon” proportional to CF ,†∗1∗2

    

    

Direct-detection experiments are becoming increasingly sensitive, quickly approaching the expected irreducible background from coherent scattering of cosmic neutrinos1) . Most dark matter candidates which
couple to the visible sector through Standard Model
force carriers have been ruled out by several orders ofmagnitude. However, models of composite dark matterprovide an intriguing exception.
A dark sector consisting of electroweak-charged
fermions and a new strongly-coupled gauge force cangive rise to neutral composite bound states, which will
nevertheless interact with the Standard Model throughphoton and Z-boson exchange. These exchanges aredescribed by momentum-dependent electromagnetic
form factors, which are highly suppressed for small
momentum transfers (typical in direct-detection experiments.)
Making predictions within composite dark mattermodels can be challenging, due to the strongly-couplednature of the underlying interactions. Lattice simulations provide an important tool to give quantitative
information about such theories. Here we consider
a specific model known as “Stealth Dark Matter”2) ,based on a dark confining SU(4) gauge theory. Dueto symmetry considerations, stealth dark matter has
the novel feature that its leading interaction with photons is through the dimension-7 electric polarizability
operator,

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 171803(2015)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder- 129 -

          







  







Fig. 1. Predicted spin-independent xenon scattering crosssection per nucleon for stealth dark matter due to theelectric polarizability (purple band). The width of the
purple band indicates the uncertainty in the nuclear
two-photon matrix element. The top region (blue) is excluded by the LUX experiment4) , while the left shaded
region (grey) is excluded by the LEP II bound on
charged mesons2) . The bottom region (orange) showsthe expected coherent neutrino background1) .

 EB = mB + 2CF |E|2 + O E 4 .

(2)

Repeating the calculation of EB for several values of E
and fitting to this formula allows us to determine CF .
In units of the “baryon” mass MB , we find thatthe value of CF is similar for SU(4) and SU(3)gauge theories, obtaining CF MB3 ≈ 1.3 at relatively
heavy fermion masses. This translates into the directdetection scattering cross section shown in Fig. 1. Although the signal is strongly suppressed for heavy dark
matter, scaling as 1/MB6 , there remains an intriguing
window up to MB ∼ 1 TeV where this candidate may
still be detectable above the coherent neutrino background. Because interaction through the polarizability
scales as Z 4 /A2 , where Z and A are the atomic andmass numbers of the target, stealth dark matter would
provide a distinctive signature if a signal were foundin experiments using different nuclear targets.
References
1) J. Billiard, L. Strigari, and E. Figueroa-Feliciano,
Phys. Rev. D89 (2014), 023524.
2) T. Appelquist et al. (LSD Collaboration): Phys. Rev.
D92 (2015), 075030.
3) W. Detmold, B. C. Tiburzi, and A. Walker-Loud,
Phys. Rev. D81 (2010), 054502.
4) D. S. Akerib et al. (LUX Collaboration): Phys. Rev.
Lett. 112 (2014) 9, 091303.

7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Diagnose oscillation properties observed in an annual ice-core oxygenisotope record obtained from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Y. Hasebe,∗1,∗2 Y. Motizuki,∗1,∗2 Y. Nakai,∗1 and K. Takahashi∗1
Ice cores are time capsules that consist of snow accumulated in layers over a range of years; the deeper an
ice core is, the older the age of it is. Analysing water
isotopes in ice cores is one of the ways to understandclimate change in the past. In particular, the oxygenisotope ratio δ 18O in water, H2 O, has been establishedas the temperature proxy in glaciology1) . Here, δ 18O
is defined as}{ 18 16( O/ O)Ice core
δ 18O =−
1× 1000 [‰], (1)( 18O/ 16O)SMOW
where SMOW (Standard Mean Ocean Water) indicatesan international standard of the water isotope ratio.
The objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between the temperature and solar activity byanalyzing the oscillation properties of the δ 18O data.
Figure 1 shows the δ 18O time-series record from AD
1025 to 1997. These data were obtained from ice cores
drilled in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica2) . The temporal resolution of the record is annual. In Fig. 1, the DML δ 18O data are translated
into the temperature deviation from the mean using
the commonly-accepted proportional relationship1) .
Figures 2 and 3 show the results of our time series analysis using Fourier analysis (FT) and autoregressive model (AR)3) . Here, the AR method has
higher resolution than FT. As the first step, we analysed the data from AD 1825 to 1997. This is because
the dating of this portion of the ice core is considered
to be relatively precise. As shown in Fig. 2, we obtained a clear signal of a 21-year periodicity using theAR. This peak almost corresponds to the peak of FT
within the range of the FT’s step size. Next, we analysed the overall data from AD 1025 to 1997. As shownin Fig. 3, we obtained signals of periodicity aroundFig. 2. Power spectra obtained from analysing the δ 18O
record from AD 1825 to 1997. The solid blue line
and green circles represent the results obtained using
the auto-regressive model (AR) and by Fourier analysis(FT), respectively.

Fig. 3. Power spectra for the data from AD 1025 to 1997.

102, 126, and 194 years using the AR.
Furthermore, we also analyzed the measured surface
temperature record in the southern hemisphere fromAD 1850 to 2015 (HadCRUT4)4) . We then confirmedthat these observed surface temperatures have a 21year oscillation periodicity. This result is the sameas that of DML (Fig.2). It is thus confirmed that the
DML δ 18O data actually reflected temperature history.
From the observed sunspot numbers and 14C content in tree rings, ∼11, ∼22, ∼90, and ∼200 years
are known to be solar activity cycles. In our analysis,
nearly 22 and 200 year cycles were obtained. Therefore, the temperature modulation in the DML ice core
record is suggested to be related with the solar activity cycles. The significance analysis for the obtained
signals is in progress.
References

Fig. 1. Oxygen isotope ratio (δ 18O) time series record (leftvertical axis) in DML2) and corresponding temperaturedeviation (right vertical axis) are shown.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University- 131 -

1) V. Masson-Delmotte et al.: Journal of climate 21, 33593387 (2008).
2) W. Graf et al.: Annals of Glaciology 35, 195-201 (2002).
3) D. B. Percival and A. T. Walden: Spectral analysis forphysical applications (Canbridge University Press, England, reprinted 1998).
4) C. P. Morice et al.: Geophys. Res. 117, D08101 (2012).

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Box-model
composition
Box-modelsimulation
simulationfor
forvariation
variationofof atmosphericatmospheric chemicalchemical composition
causedby solarsolar energetic
energetic particles
particles
caused by
Y. Nakai,*1 Y. Motizuki,*1 M. Maruyama,*1 H. Akiyoshi,*1,*2 and T. Imamura*2
The atmospheric effect of energetic particles from thegiant solar flares (solar energetic particles: SEPs) has been
attracting attention in recent years. High-energy protons in
SEPs can intrude down to the stratosphere and cause
dissociation of nitrogen molecules in the middle atmosphere.
This induced an increase in reactive odd nitrogen species(NOy) and decrease in ozone through subsequent chemical
reactions over a period lasting longer than the SEP events,
which typically continue for 3-7 days. The concentration
variations of several chemical species with SEP events havebeen observed, and related simulations have been
attempted.1-3)
We have investigated the variation of chemicalcomposition induced by SEP protons using the box-model
simulation, which includes multitudinous reactions forvarious ionic and neutral chemical species in the middle
atmosphere, but no transport processes.4,5) The box-model
simulations in the altitude range of 20-65 km were applied
to the SEP event in October-November 2003. In thissimulation, we adopted 77 chemical species including both
positive and negative ions and 482 chemical reactions
including various types of ionic reactions for the gas phasechemistry in the middle atmosphere.5) The simulation was
performed using commercial software (FACSIMILE,MCPA Software Ltd).
The prompt products generated through radiolysis
processes by the SEP protons induce subsequent ionic andneutral reactions (SEP-induced reactions). Thus, theproduction rates of the prompt products are estimated using
the G-values (amount of products per absorbed energy of
100 eV)6,7) under the assumption that the yield of theprompt products is determined only with the energy depositin the air. The day-by-day energy deposits with two peaks
during the SEP event were estimated through thecalculation of daily ion-pair creation rate by the SEP
protons2). We also assume that the prompt products arecharged and neutral products generated from nitrogen andoxygen molecules.4,5)
Figure 1 shows the preliminary results of the energy
deposit rate in a unit volume of the air, the variation of theozone concentration (ΔO3), and that of the NOy
concentration (ΔNOy) at a 50km altitude in the northern
polar region for the SEP event in October-November 2003.
The variation of each chemical species induced by SEP
protons was estimated as the difference between the result
considering both SEP-induced and photochemical reactions
and that considering only photochemical reactions using thesame initial condition. The ΔO3 responds to the increase in＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
National Institute for Environmental Studies- 132 -

Figure 1. Preliminary results for the energy deposit rate in aunit volume of the air, the variation of the ozone
concentration and that of NOy at a 50km altitude, caused by
SEP protons. The SEP event started on October 28, 2003.
energy deposit very quickly. After the SEP event, the ΔO3
increases again but does not completely recover to thepre-event value. On the other hand, ΔNOy increases during
the SEP event and recovers very slowly after the event,maintaining its value for a few weeks or more. The
depletion of ozone after the SEP event presumably remains
because of the ozone consumption in the catalytic reaction
cycle involving NOy.
In near future, the variations estimated by the box-model
for a short term will be input into a three-dimensional
chemical climate model8) as instantaneous perturbation forinvestigation of the global and long-term influence.
References1)   B. Funke et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 9089 (2011);
2)   C.H. Jackman et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 765 (2008).
3)   P.T. Verronen et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L20809 (2008).
4)   K. Sekiguchi et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 124 (2013).
5)   Y. Nakai et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 168 (2015).
6)   C. Willis and A. W. Boyd, Int. J. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 8, 71(1976).
7)   H. Mätzing, Adv. Chem. Phys. LXXX, 315 (1991).
8)   H. Akiyoshi et al., J. Geophys. Res., in press.

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)+
Overviewofofthe
thechemicalchemical composition
composition andcharacteristics
ofofNa+Overview
andcharacteristics
Na–– distributions
anddistributions inin samples
samples from
and
ClCl
from Antarctic
Antarcticice
icecorecoreDF01
DF01
in 2001
2001(Dome(DomeFuji)
Fuji) drilled in

Y. Motizuki,1 K. Takahashi,1 Y. Nakai,1 Y. Iizuka,2 K. Suzuki,3 and H. Motoyama4
Ice core samples contain information about the geologicalhistory of Earth, including past climate changes. Dome Fuji,
situated at the highest point of land in central Antarctica, isconsidered one of the best drilling locations for procuring
samples for reconstructing past climates and environments.
We present here fundamental data on the concentrations of
dissolved ions in shallow samples, between depths of 7.7 m
and 65.0 m, from the Dome Fuji ice core drilled in 2001. A
total of 1435 samples were obtained for analysis. The
measured anions were HCOO–, CH3COO–, CH3SO3–, F–,
Cl–, NO2–, NO3–, SO42–, C2O42–, and PO43–, and the cations
were Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and NH4+. The measurements
were carried out using ion chromatography. The temporal
resolution of the depth profiles of the ion concentrations
was less than one year. No significant correlations wereobserved among these ions except between Na+ and Cl–.
Figure 1 shows the ion balance in the core, based on the
averaged ion concentrations of the samples. As shown inthis figure, the ion balance in the ice core was far different
from that of sea salt, a result consistent with a finding ofprevious studies1),2). The previous studies and our data
imply the probability that precipitation around Dome Fuji
might reflect conditions in the stratosphere.
Mg

2+

Ca

2

+

SO4
2
Mg
-

2

+

Na
+

Average ion concentrations of
DF2001 samples(7.7m-65.0m)that climate conditions were such that precipitation
containing sea salt occurred in the Dome Fuji area. The
effect of sea salt can hardly be recognized around Dome
Fuji thus far. This is a new finding by the analysis ofhigh-resolution depth profiles of Na+ and Cl– concentrations.
On the other hand, the Cl–/Na+ ratio of samples that did notexhibit Na+ and Cl– peaks in the depth profile differed fromthat previously reported for the covering snow3), 4). This
result implies that Cl–, but not Na+, was redistributed after
the snow had fallen. According to Fujita et al., (in press)5),
it is probable that high concentrations of sulphate made theCl- ion mobile in ice cores and the concentration of Cl- wassmoothed out. This might account for the alteration of
Cl–/Na+ ratios and the distribution, exhibiting the dotted line
in Fig. 2, has been achieved. To interpret these observations
and elucidate the climatic conditions that might account forthem, further studies to examine the transportation of water
into Antarctica and the metamorphism of ice, such as
isotopic analyses of δD and δ18O, will be required.

K
+

Cl

Na

-

+

Sea salt

Fig. 1. Relative ion composition of the ice core (left) andsea salt (right).
In several samples, however, synchronous concentration
peaks of Cl– and Na+ were identified, and the Cl–/Na+ ratiosof the corresponding samples were close to the sea salt ratio.
Figure 2 shows a plot of Cl– vs. Na+ concentrations andseveral samples exhibit Cl–/Na+ ratios close to that of thesea salt (dashed line). This observation indicates thepossibility
1

RIKEN Nishina Center

2

Hokkaido University, Institute of Low Temperature

3

Shinshu University, Faculty of Science4

National Institute of Polar Research, Ice Core Cetnter- 133 -

Fig. 2. Scatter plot of Na+ vs. Cl– concentrations in shallow
samples, between 7.7 m and 65.0 m depth, from the Dome
Fuji ice core drilled in 2001.
References

1) K. Kamiyama et al.. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 18,519 (1998).
2) E. Fourré et al.. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 245, 56 (2006).
3) K. Hara et al. J. Geophys. Res. 109, D20208 (2004).
4) Y. Iizuka. et al.. J. Geophys. Res. 113, D07303 (2008).
5) S. Fujita et al.. J. Glaciology, in press.

8. Accelerator

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Energyupgrade
upgrade forfor biological
Energybiological applications
applications
N. Fukunishi,＊1 M. Fujimaki,＊1 M. Komiyama,＊1 K. Kumagai,＊1 T. Maie,＊1 T. Hirano,＊1,＊2 Y. Watanabe,＊1 and T. Abe＊1
Energetic heavy ions have been used as an effective toolfor inducing mutations of flowers, crops and microbes at
RIKEN Nishina Center. Typical beams used in theseapplications are 135-MeV/nucleon C, N and Ne beams, a
95-MeV/nucleon Ar beam, and a 90-MeV/nucleon Fe beam.
All of them are accelerated by RRC.1) However, the beamenergies of Ar and Fe ions are insufficient to obtain nearlyflat distributions of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) withinthick (or in-water) irradiated samples. It sometimes causes adifficulty such that the dependence of the effectiveness ofmutagenesis on LET becomes unclear. Hence an upgradefor beam energies available at the existing in-air irradiation
port for biological samples (E5H) is urgently required.
Our solution to this problem is the usage of IRC.2) IRC isoriginally designed to accelerate ions up to 127
MeV/nucleon using RILAC, RRC, and IRC in series or up
to 114 MeV/nucleon using RILAC2, RRC, fRC, and IRC inseries. However, the maximum beam energy obtained by
IRC can be increased up to 160 MeV/nucleon by employing
a new acceleration scheme as follows. The injector is AVF
cyclotron. It accelerates Ar ions up to 3.7 MeV/nucleon.
The ions extracted from AVF are charge-stripped there,
injected into RRC, and accelerated up to 66 MeV/nucleon.
After RRC, additional charge stripping and energy
degradation to 62 MeV/nucleon should be performed byusing a thick carbon disk, which is inevitable to compensate
for an energy mismatch inherent to this non-orthodox
acceleration scheme.
160-MeV/nucleon Ar ions extracted from IRC aretransported to the existing E5H irradiation port byextending the RIBF beam transport system as shown in Fig.
1. A beam extracted from IRC is deflected by DAKR dipole
magnet in order to separate the beam from the existing
SRC-injection line. The section from IRC extraction to
DMR2 makes a dispersive IRC-extracted beam doubly
achromatic. The beam is bended up by DMR3 and bended
down by DMR4 to shift the beam vertically by 3 m tocompensate for the existing floor level difference. Here, thedoubly achromatic condition is also fulfilled in the verticaldirection. The section from DMR5 to DMR6 forms anachromatic bending system of 90 deg. The section from
DMR7 and DMR8 is also doubly achromatic. After that, thebeam line is joined to the existing beam delivery fishbone at
DMA1.	 The section immediately after DMR2 to DMR6 is
not newly constructed but utilizes the existing
IRC-bypassing3) beam line in the reverse direction. Notethat the IRC-bypassing beam line was constructed to injecta beam accelerated by RRC directly to SRC in order to＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki- 135 -

perform light-ion experiments. The maximum magnetic
rigidity of the new branch beam line is 4.4 Tm, which
covers not only 160-MeV/nucleon 40Ar18+ ions but alsoheavier ions such as 56Fe26+ ions.
Beam commissioning was made in January 2015. We
extracted a 160-MeV/nucleon Ar beam in the proposed
non-orthodox acceleration scheme. We found no sizable
beam loss along the whole new beam transport system andconfirmed that our optical design of the new branch beamline worked well. In addition, we successfully produced auniform irradiation field of 10 cm in diameter and obtained
a depth-dose curve of Ar ions as expected from numericalsimulations. Details of the beam commissioning are given
in Ref. 4.
One problem observed in the beam commissioning was
sizable (~ 40%) beam loss during acceleration at IRC. The
cause of this abnormal behavior was fixed in the additional
beam test performed in October 2015. The observed beamloss was induced by a half integer resonance in the verticalbetatron motion. The vertical tune at beam extraction is 0.6,
which is not so close to 0.5 but strong harmonic magnetic
fields induced at the beam extraction region of IRC createdproblems. These strong harmonic fields are effective forouter most ions accelerated in the standard acceleration
schemes to secure a sufficient clearance from a baffle slit
attached to the IRC chamber wall. In October, we reduced
harmonic magnetic fields by rebalancing excitation currentsof outer trim coils and obtained a transmission efficiency of
up to nearly 100%.

Fig. 1. Layout of RIBF beam transport system.
References
1)Y. Yano : Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Cyclotrons and their
Applications, Berlin, Germany (1989) p. 13.
2) J. Ohnishi et al. : Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Cyclotrons and Their
Applications, Tokyo, Japan (2004) p. 197.
3) Y. Watanabe et al. : Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 111-112 (2009).
4) N. Fukunishi et al. : Proc. HIAT2015, MOPA04 (2015).

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Installation
for dipole
dipoleandandquadrupole
quadrupole
Installationof
ofchangeoverchangeover switches
switches forbeam transporttransport line
line
magnetmagnetonon aa newnew beam
K. Kumagai *1 and N. Fukunishi *1
A new beam transport line dedicated to provide
high-energy beams for biological experiments wasconstructed in the last year1), 2). Beam commissioning of thebeam line was carried out from January 24th to 25th in 2015.
A 160MeV/u 40Ar beam was transported from a beam
exiting point of IRC to the confluent point connected to theexisting beam line within 30 min. After the beamcommissioning succeeded, an Ar beam was transported to
the E5 experimental vault and beam irradiation to seaweedsamples was carried out promptly.
One-third of dipole magnets and two-thirds of quadruple
magnets on the new beam transport line were operated withexisting power supplies by switching or changing thepolarity of the magnet. At the time of commissioning, theswitching of the magnets and/or their polarity was
performed manually. The switching of all magnets took
several hours. Because it was assumed that the frequency inuse of the beam line becomes larger by having succeeded in
the beam commissioning, we decided to install powersource changeover switches to switch magnets and/or theirpolarity automatically using buttons.
Table 1 summarizes the scheme of the switching for the
dipole magnets and Table 2 shows that for the quadrupole
magnets. The automatic transfer switch type SSK-C
produced by KYORITSU KEIKI CO., LTD. was used toswitch dipole magnets, and type SSK-E was used to switch
quadrupole magnets. Both switches have the functions of
instantaneous excitation and mechanical holding. In thecase of quadrupole magnets, two families of circuits can beswitched using one switch. In the case of resistive load,these switches were designed such that switching was
possible in the state in which an electric direct current
spread in, but the inductance of the magnet might damage
the contacts of switches. We designed the switches suchthat they are not able to switch when an electric current
flows. In addition, they were not able to switch when thecurrent sensing device broke down. An electric current
passing through the circuit was detected by the current
sensing device using a shunt resistor. It is designed suchthat a switch becomes effective when the electric current isless than approximately 1.6 mA for a dipole magnet and 3
Table 1. Scheme of switching for dipole magnets.
ChannelPowersupplySpecification

New beamline1

BT_D10_4

330A-60V

DMR3DMK9 a)2

BT_D10_3

330A-85V

DMR4



DMH8 a)3

BT_D8_2

330A-155V

DMR5



DMH7 a)a)＊1

IRC bypass
beam ine

mA for a quadrupole magnet.
The interlock signals of overheat and the coolant stop ofboth magnets are equipped in the power supply, but thesignals originating from a magnet that is not connected are
unnecessary. Therefore, the interlock was designed to bemasked using the auxiliary contacts of the switching device.
Table 2. Scheme of switching for quadrupole magnets.
PowersupplyNew beamline

BT_QB4_1
BT_QB4_2
BT_QB4_4
BT_QB4_5
BT_QA5_1
BT_QA5_2
BT_QA5_3
BT_QA5_4
BT_QA5_5
BT_QA5_6
BT_QB4_6

QDR63aQDR63bQDR64aQDR64b
QTR72b
QTR72c
QDR71a
QDR71bQSR73
QSR74
QTR72aBT_QB1_1 c)

QDR31c

BT_QB1_2

c)

QDR31b

BT_QB1_3

c)

QDR31aChannel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13








QDG21aQDG21bQSG23QSG24QDG26aQDG26bQDG41aQDG41bQDG51aQDG51bQSG25
QTH81a a)

QTH81b a)
QTH81c a)

BT_QB5_1

QSH17 b)

BT_QC2_2
BT_QC2_3
BT_QC2_4
BT_QC2_5
BT_QC1_2
BT_QC2_1

QDR61aQDR61b
QDR62aQDR62b
QDR01aQDR01b

BT_QA6_5 c)

QSR11

IRC bypass
beam line

Injection beamline to SRC






QDG11aQDG11bQDG12aQDG12bQDK02aQDK02b





QSH61
QTG92aQTG92c
QDG93aQDG93b

QTG92ba)

Polarity Changeb)On the injection beamline to IRC
c)Specification of these power supplies is 150A-40V and that of the rest
of the power supplies is 150A-30V.

The switches were manufactured from June to August. In
September, installation, wiring and a check of wiring andmagnet polarity were carried out. The first irradiation after
installing the switches was carried out from 5th to 7th
October and was finished satisfactorily. The next irradiationis scheduled for 27th to 29th January, 2016.
References
1) K. Kumagai et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 189 (2015).
2) Y. Watanabe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 19 (2015).

Polarity Change
RIKEN Nishina Center- 136 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Progress inin high-temperature-ovenhigh-temperature-oven development
Progressdevelopmentfor
for28
28GHz
GHzECR
ECRionionsource
source† †J. Ohnishi,䠆1 Y. Higurashi,䠆1 and T. Nakagawa䠆1
We have been developing a high-temperature oven using
UO2 at the 28 GHz superconducting ECR ion source since2013. Our high-temperature oven uses a tungsten crucible
joule-heated with a DC current of 450–510 A. The crucible
must be heated to a temperature higher than 2000°C toachieve a UO2 vapor pressure of 0.1–1 Pa.1) Some
improvements have been made so far, and U35+ beams witha beam current of 100 PA could be continuously extracted
from the 28 GHz ECR ion source for longer than two weeks.
However, the high-temperature oven has not been used yet
for providing U beams to the accelerators. This is because
the use of the oven involves a higher trouble risk than theexisting sputtering method, and it is not significantly
superior to the sputtering method in the case of operation ofa beam current of about 100 PA. However, thehigh-temperature oven cannot be expected to be more
effective than the sputtering method in the stable operationof extracting U beams with a beam current higher than 200
PA.
Figure 1 shows shapes of the tested crucibles and Table 1
summarizes the test results. In the first test using the R34type crucibles, the blockage of the vapor ejection hole by
the UO2 film often occurred. This was because thetemperature of the cap and upper part of the crucible body
is lower than that of the bottom part of the crucible
according to the analysis by ANSYS. 2) In the next R41-type
crucible, we decreased the thicknesses of the cap and thefitted section between the body and cap. In runs 5–7, thefrequency at which the vapor ejection hole became blocked
decreased. However, the oven voltage became unstable athigh- temperature operations. This was presumed to be dueto the local temperature rise in the upper and lower rods ofthe crucibles according to ANSYS. In the next R43-type
crucible, the oven voltage was stabilized by increasing thediameter of the upper and lower rods from 2 mm to 2.2 mm.
In run 10, we could increase the U35+ beam current by 20%
by shifting the crucible position. Further, in the R435-type,
we increased the diameter of the vapor ejection hole from 3
mm to 4 mm, and then we successfully operated the ovencontinuously for approximately 17 days without blockageof the vapor ejection hole.
In the next test, we are planning to approximately double
the crucible size to increase the continuous operation period.
Moreover, we are also planning to improve a thermal shieldthat was easy to break, and to connect the upper and lower
support structures of the crucible to reduce the magnetic
force acting on the crucible.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the tungsten crucibles used.

Table 1. Summary of the high-temperature oven operation results.

R34

Oven power(W)
400-600

U35+ current
(PA)
40-80

Operation time
(h)
22

R34

550-65060 (typ.)

291

R34
R34
R41

550-600
550-600
560-580

70-90
60-80
55-65

294
77
188

R41

480-510

55-70

283

1.7

Blockage removed by high-power (640 W) operation

R41
R43
R43

530-660
570-660
540-560

40-70
70-100
70-80

311
257
195

1
4.7
2.1

Blockage. Unstable on high-power operation
Thick upper and lower rods. Oven current increased.
No blockage

2/5-3/11/2015

R43560-63080-100326

2.6

6/30-8/5/2015

R435

450-500

80-100411

2.4

Run No.

Operation period

Crucible type

1

7
8
9

4/10-12/2013
7/8-16/2013, 7/22-27,
10/7-11
11/5-15/2013, 11/19-22
12/10-13/2013
1/14-22/2014
1/23-29/2014, 2/13-15,
2/25-28, 3/4-6
3/11-26/2014
6/24-7/6/2014
9/8-9/18/2014

10
11

2
3
4
5
6

UO2 Consumption
Comment
rate (mg/h)
First test
Blockage of the ejection hole was observed directly
2.5
by opening the ion source (7/10, 19)
2.4
Blockage
0.6 (?)
2.6
New type. No blockage

References

Crucible moved forward by 25 mm. U35+ current
increased by 20%. Blockage observed.
Ejection hole I3 -> I4. Thermal shield added. Ovenpower decreased. No blockage.

1) J. Ohnishi, et al.: Rev. Sci. Instr. 85, 02A941 (2014).
2) http://www.ansys.com/†
䠆1

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instr. 87, 02A709 (2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center- 137 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Search for suitable scintillation materials for the pepper-pot typeemittance meter for diagnostics of low-energy heavy ion beams froman ECR ion source†
T. Nagatomo,∗1 V. Tzoganis,∗1,∗2,∗3 M. Kase,∗1 T. Nakagawa∗1 and O. Kamigaito∗1

†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum., 87,
02B920 (2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center
Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD,
United Kingdom
Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool,
Merseyside L69 3BX, United Kingdom- 138 -

the beam spots with the proton beam, for which thecurrent was typically 50 μA. In the case of the protonbeam, the ﬂuorescence intensities of all the scintillation materials tested, except for quartz, degraded exponentially with increasing irradiation time as shownin Fig. 2. The time constant was a few minutes with
continuous proton-beam irradiation. A quartz surface
impinged by the proton beam exhibited no degradationof ﬂuorescence intensity as seen in other samples, however, with heavy-ion beams, even the quartz showedsimilar degradation of the ﬂuorescent intensity as theothers. Heavier ions are considered to prefer knocking
out atoms on the material lattice to ionization, which
induces the light emission. As a result, it is diﬃcult
to use common scintillation materials for the imaging
plate, which is directly exposed to continuous heavy
ion-beam impacts. Thus, the heavy ion beams must
be converted into light particles, for example, a microchannel plate can convert ions into electrons.

Fig. 1. Obtained images of the proton-beam spots with a
CaF2 (Eu) crystal. The photos on the left and rightwere taken at the irradiation time of 1 s and 800 s,
respectively.

3.0
Normalized Fluorescence Brightness a.u.

For diagnostics of the low-energy and high-intensity
heavy ion beams extracted from an ECR ion source(ECRIS), we are developing an emittance meter (EM)based on the pepper-pot method1) . Inside the ECRIS,
to generate a multiply charged ion beam, ions andhigh-temperature electrons are conﬁned together asplasma in a strong mirror magnetic ﬁeld. The mirror ﬁeld is the superposition of a radial hexapolor andaxial solenoidal ﬁelds. Therefore, a heavy ion beam
extracted from the ECRIS has no longer a round nor agaussian shape, and has a triangular spacial distribution. Hence, it is important to measure the transverse
phase space distribution (x, px , y, py ) simultaneously
to improve transport eﬃciency through the accelerator complex. The pepper-pot EM is perfectly suited
to obtain the 4D distribution. Furthermore, becauseof the high processing power of PC, analyzing time by
the pepper-pot EM is estimated as a few seconds. It
is remarkably faster than the estimation time of ∼ 10
min by a slit-scanning EM that is currently employed
at RIKEN.
The simplest way to obtain a beam-spot image is toutilize a scintillation plate; for example, a plate with its
surface covered with a scintillator, KBr, is commonlyused as a beam viewer. However, there is no utilizable
quantitative scintillation data, such as degradation oflight emission for high- intensity and low-energy ion
beam from the ECRIS. If a scintillator has comparably
rapid light degradation that depends on the ion beam
intensity, the obtained transverse 4D distribution inturn results in distortion. Therefore, as the ﬁrst step,
we have evaluated the applicability of several scintillators whether they are applicable to the imaging screen
for this purpose.
Scintillation crystal plates made of quartz, Eu-doped
CaF2 , Th-doped CsI, and KBr were tested. The 18GHz superconducting-ECRIS was used to produce theproton-, 12 C4+ -, 16 O4+ - and 40 Ar11+ -beams. The extraction voltages were 6.5 kV and 10.0 kV for the proton beam and the others, respectively. Each sample
was placed behind the pepper-pot mask which has a
49 × 49 array of pinholes with diameters of 0.1 mm
and a pitch of 2 mm. Figure 1 shows typical images of

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Time sFig. 2. Obtained degradation of ﬂuorescence intensity induced by proton beam impinging on a KBr crystal.

Reference
1) H.R. Kremers et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 025117(2013).

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Designinputcoupler
coupler forfor RIKEN
Designofof
input
RIKENsuperconducting
superconducting
quarter-wavelength resonator
quarter-wavelength
resonator
K. Ozeki,䠆1 E. Kako,䠆2 O. Kamigaito,䠆1 H. Nakai,䠆2 K. Okihira,䠆3 H. Okuno,䠆1 N. Sakamoto,䠆1 K. Sennyu,䠆3
K. Suda,䠆1 K. Umemori,䠆2 Y. Watanabe,䠆1 K. Yamada,䠆1 and T. Yanagisawa䠆3
At the RIKEN Nishina Center, the construction of anaccelerator system based on the superconducting
quarter-wavelength resonator (QWR) is underway as aprototype with the goal of developing basic technologies forthe superconducting linear accelerator for ions.1) For theheat flows that stem from the input coupler, the residual

resistivity ratio (RRR) of the copper plating on the input
coupler has an opposite influence on the dynamic loss
and thermal conduction (for higher/lower RRR,
lower/higher dynamic loss and higher/lower thermal
conduction, respectively). The discussion on theminimization of heat flows into the cavity and thermal
shield had suggested that a relatively low RRR (5-20) is
preferable, and the cold window should be as close to thecavity as possible.2)

In the above study, the thickness of the copper plating
was fixed at 20 Pm. However, as shown in Fig. 1, it was
found that the RRR of the copper plating changed
depending on the thickness of the copper plating. Therefore,
we determined the optimal thickness of the copper plating.
Figure 2 shows the heat flows into the cavity estimated forvarious sets of thickness and RRR of the copper plating,which were derived by the linear fitting of measured RRR
data.
Because a realizable cold-window position was decided
by the actual configuration of the coupler (13.5 mm), theheat flows into cavity with the realizable cold-window
position were compared. Figure 3 suggests the optimum
thickness of the copper plating to be 25-30 Pm. However,the RRR for 25 Pm adopted in this estimation seems to haveless certainty. An actual RRR for 25 Pm may be lower thanthat obtained by linear fitting (See Fig. 1). In that case, theheat flow into the cavity becomes larger than the estimatedvalue. Therefore, we decided to set the thickness of thecopper plating to 30 Pm.






















Fig. 2. Heat flows into the cavity as a function ofcold-window position for various sets of thickness and
RRR of copper plating. The configuration of the input
coupler and the definition of cold-window position are also
shown.

Fig. 3. Heat flows into the cavity for various thicknesses ofcopper plating (open circle) with realizable cold-window
position. Stimulated RF power is 10 kW. As a reference,heat flows based on measured RRRs are also shown (filledsquare).
This work was funded by ImPACT Program of Council
for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office,
Government of Japan).

Fig. 1. Measured RRRs of copper plating for various
thicknesses of copper plating. The solid line shows theresult of linear fitting.

References

1) N. Sakamoto et al.: Proc. of SRF2015, WEBA06 (2015).
2) K. Ozeki et al.: Proc. of SRF2015, THPB084 (2015).

RIKEN Nishina Center
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
㸨3
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mechatronics Systems, Ltd.
㸨1
㸨2

- 139 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of plasma window for larger aperture
N. Ikoma,∗1,∗2 T. Kikuchi,∗2 H. Kuboki,∗3 H. Hasebe,∗1 H. Imao,∗1 T. Nagatomo,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1
and O. Kamigaito∗1slm. We obtained the higher pressure reduction factor
than He gas. In addition, The condition of 12 A ×
three cathodes has a higher pressure reduction factor
because plasma ﬁlls in the cooling plates uniformly. In
addition, we can reduce the load per one cathode toincrease the number of cathodes.
Plasma spectroscopy on the plasma in PW undervarious conditions is on-going (Fig. 3). We will obtain their physical quantities such as temperature anddensity of free electron in the plasma to discuss the
optimum condition for an aperture larger than 1cm.
This project is supported by the ImPACT Fujita
program.

120

80

100

60

80
60

40

40
20
0

20
Voltage
Pressure Reduction Factor
2

4
6
8
10
Number of Cooling Plates

12

Pressure Reduction Factor

100

140

Voltage [V]Many applications in accelerator-based science are
expected of the plasma window (PW) that can workas the interface between the vacuum and the high pressure region. It can be used for the eﬃcient conﬁnementof helium or hydrogen gas in beam line for electron
stripping1) or used as beam windows in high-power
target system. The Small aperture, however, is one of
the key issues for the PW that needs to be overcome.
The ﬁrst PW invented by Ady Hershcovitch in 19952)
had an aperture of 2.3 mm. We started its development with the help of Ady Hershcovitch.3) Now, its
aperture has been enlarged up to 6 mm in diameter.
For further enlargement, we studied the dependence of
PW performance in the condition of diﬀerent lengthsof the PW.
PW consists of three cathodes with thoriated tungsten tip, cathode housing, ﬁve insulated cooling plates,
and an anode plate (Fig. 1). They are made of 99.9999% oxygen-free copper (OFC) because of its high thermal conductivity. Each part has internal channels forwater cooling.

0

Fig. 2. Dependence of voltage and pressure reduction factor on the number of cooling plates.
Table 1. Number of cathodes and pressure reduction factor.
Current × Cathode
12 A × 3
36 A × 1

First, we measured the pressure reduction factor i.e.,
the ratio of vacuum chamber pressure to gas cell pressure, and applied voltage with diﬀerent numbers of thecooling plates from one to seven (Fig. 2). In this experiment, we used He gas. The current and ﬂow rate were
36 A/cathode and 17.1 slm, respectively. 12 coolingplates and 140 V are required to obtain the factor 100
by extrapolation. We will evaluate the contributionof the plasma length to the pressure reduction factor
from the diﬀerence between the measured pressure reduction factors with and without plasma.
Second, we measured the pressure reduction factor
in the condition of 12 A × three cathodes and 36 A
× one cathode (Table 1). This experiment was carriedout using Ar gas because we could not ignite PW by He
under a small current such as 12 A. Its ﬂow rate was 9.9
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Nuclear System Safety Engineering, Nagaoka
University of Technology
High Energy Accelerator Research Orgainzation- 140 -

Pressure Reduction Factor
133
122

70000
60000
50000
CountsFig. 1. Schematic of Plasma Window.

40000
30000
20000
10000
0

300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Wavelength [nm]Fig. 3. Spectrum of He plasma.

References
1) H. Okuno et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 033503(2011).
2) A. Hershcovitch, J. Appl. Phys. 78, 5283 (1995).
3) H. Kuboki et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 299, 1029
(2014) .

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Plasma spectroscopy for ECR ion source tuning at RIKEN
H. Muto,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 K. Kobayashi,＊1 M. Nishimura,＊1 S. Kubono,＊1
Y. Ohshiro,＊2 Y. Kotaka,＊2 H. Yamaguchi,＊2 T. Hattori,＊3 and S. Shimoura＊2
A grating monochromator with a photomultiplier was
installed at the Hyper-ECR ion source, and the lightintensities of gaseous and metal ion beams were observed
during beam tuning.1~3 During beam tuning, the charge
distribution of ions extracted from the ECR plasma has
been measured using a magnetic beam analyzer and a
Faraday cup. After beam extraction, the ion beam intensity
was maximized in order to reach the highest possible
efficiency. During this process, a coincidental appearanceof the same Q/M species occurs in the ECR plasma andtheir separation by a magnetic beam analyzer is extremely
difficult. Especially, in the case of 6Li3+ beam tuning,
Helium is used as supporting gas to keep the plasma
condition stable and it is almost impossible to separate 6Li3+,
H2+, and He2+ (Q/M = 1/2) using a magnetic analyzer.
Therefore, observing the light intensity of desired ion
species from a photomultiplier combined with amonochromator was decided to tune the beam.4 The
conceptual diagram of this work is presented in Fig.1.

Fig. 2. Light intensity of 6Li III line spectrum as a functionof analyzed 6Li3+ beam intensity measured by a Faraday cup
positioned at the extraction section after beam deflector of
the cyclotron.4

Fig. 1. Conceptual image of beam separation by an opticalmonochromator.
Figure 2 shows the light intensity of the 6Li III line
spectrum (λ = 516.7 nm) as a function of the analyzed 6Li3+
beam intensity measured by the Faraday cup at theextraction section behind the beam deflector of the AVF
cyclotron.4 The AVF cyclotron has a sufficient highresolution for this process (ΔM/M = 1/1200). The 6Li3+
beam intensity was tuned by controlling the RF power, theflow rate of the supporting gas, and the position of the
micro oven in the ECR chamber. This result clearly shows alinear correlation of a light intensity and a beam intensity.
Figure 3 shows the time charts of 7Li3+ beam current and 7Li
III light intensity (λ = 449.8 nm) during beam tuning
recorded by a pen recorder.4 As the 7Li3+ beam current
increased, the light intensity of the 7Li III spectrum also
increased. These results clearly show a linear correlation ofthese two values.
＊1
＊2
＊3

Fig. 3. Time charts of 7Li3+ beam intensity and 7Li III lightintensity during beam tuning.
References
1) H.Muto et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 073304 (2013).
2) H.Muto et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02A905 (2014).
3) H.Muto et al., Physics Procedia 66, 140 (2015).
4) H.Muto et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 126107 (2014).

RIKEN Nishina Center
CNS, University of Tokyo
HIMAC, NIRS

- 141 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Statuscryopumps inin accelerator
accelerator facilities
Statusofof
cryopumps
facilities
Y. Watanabe,＊1 E. Ikezawa,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 S. Watanabe,＊1 K. Yamada,＊1
M. Nishida,＊2 K.Oyamada,＊2 J. Shibata,＊2 K. Yadomi,＊2 and A. Yusa ＊2
The vacuum pumping system of accelerator facilities 1)
consists of cryopumps for main evacuation, turbomolecularpump systems for high-vacuum evacuation prior to mainevacuation, and rough pumping systems. In addition, twokinds of differential pumping systems are used for theevacuation of an additional chamber pumping system in the
RRC and the IRC and for that of a sub-vacuum of resonator(sub-pumping system) in the IRC and the SRC. The statusof cryopumps in accelerator facilities is listed in Table 1.
Multiple cryopumps are used for the main evacuation ofaccelerator facilities, and several cryopumps are also usedin some ion sources, beam transport lines, and otherfacilities. Cryopumps with a capacity of 10 m3/s are used
for resonators and valleys; 5 m3/s, for a part of theresonators in RILAC and RRC; 4 and 2.3 m3/s, for DTL and
RFQ in RILAC2 and FT resonators in IRC and SRC,
respectively. These cryopumps and its compressors aremaintained regularly for every 10,000-12,000 h and24,000-30,000 h, respectively. These current vacuum
pressures are almost better than the design vacuum pressureof accelerator facilities. However, those of RILAC/CSM
and RRC are worse than the design vacuum pressure atpresent because some vacuum leaks have been observed ineach facility. These details of the vacuum leaks in 2015 aresummarized in Ref. 2).
Many malfunctions caused by age-related deterioration
have been recently occurring because almost all cryopumps
have been in operation for over 10 years. Some cryopump’s
compressors of RILAC, RRC, fRC, IRC and SRC wererecently replaced with new ones. Furthermore, some
malfunctions of the cryopump’s compressors, which were
guessed to be an influence of an environmental radiation
caused by an increase of beam intensity, have beenfrequently occurring; the number of malfunctioned
compressors in RILAC2, IRC and SRC were respectively

two, six, and one in the last three years. It is thought that
because a dose in RILAC2, IRC and SRC were very highduring a beam irradiation from a measurement of residual
radioactivity 3). For example, the maximum dose rate wasfound to be 34 mSv/h at the neighbor of the G01 Faradaycup (SRC deflection beam line), and two cryopump’s
compressors of the IRC-NE valley have malfunctioned a
few times in the last three years. These malfunctions werecaused because some inverters and electrical components ofthe compressor deteriorated by environmental radiation.
Therefore, all six cryopump’s compressors of the IRC-NE
valley and the NW resonator cavities and two cryopump’s
compressors of the SRC-resonator No.1 and No.2 cavities
were relocated from the north side of the N-sector magnet
to right under the W-sector magnet and from the south sideof sector magnet No.1 to the west side of resonator No.2 inthe summer of 2015, respectively. No malfunctioned
compressors have been thus far.
Malfunctions caused by age-related deterioration andenvironmental radiation will increase in the future, and wehave to take the following measures. First, standardize amaker and a model number of cryopumps and compressors.
When a cryopump malfunctions accidentally, we can easily
exchange a malfunctioned component with anotherfacility’s component as a substitute component. Second,shield and relocate cryopump’s compressors to a place far
from a higher environmental radiation for further
high-energy beam intensity. Third, do not to use acompressor equipped with an inverter in the future. Several
malfunctions of compressor occured because inverters ofcompressors deteriorated by environmental radiation. Forth,decrease the temperature of the rf shield for a cryopumpwith a water cooling system. Because the rf voltage of theresonator increases, the temperature of the rf shield andinside the cryopump increases.

Table 1. Status of cryopumps in accelerator facilities.
AVF *
RRC
fRC
RILAC/CSM * RILAC2 *
(72)
(6)
0.9
30
16
Number of cryopump
13
9
2
14
6
Total pumping speed (m3/s)(56.3)(16.2)
14
120
60
Design vacuum pressure (Pa)1x10-57x10-6
5x10-53~4x10-6
4x10-5
-5
**
-6
-5
-5
**
Current vacuum pressure (Pa)1~7 x104~7x102x10
0.4~2x10
0.3~1x10-5
4
2
0
9
2
Number of malfunctions ***(Influence of environmental radiation)
(0)
(2)
(0)
(0)
(0)
Number of replaced new compressors ***
1
0
0
5
1
* Excluding ion sources and beam transport lines. ** Vacuum leaks
have been observed. *** Three years from 2013 to 2015.
References
Total volume(m3) of facility

＊1
＊2

IRC
35
14
128
1x10-52~4x10-6
7
(6)
1

SRC
90
22
164.6
5x10-62~4x10-6
8(1)
31) S. Yokouchi et al., Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 101-103 (2008).
2) S. Watanabe et al.: in this report.
3) K. Tanaka et al.: in this report.

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

- 142 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

NishinaRIBF
RIBF water-coolingwater-cooling system
Nishinasystem
T. Maie,*1 K. Kusaka,*1 M. Ohtake,*1 Y. Watanabe,*1

E. Ikezawa,*1

M. Oshima,*2 H. Hirai,*2 K. Kobayashi, *3 and1. Operation condition
In fiscal year 2015, the Nishina and RIBF water-coolingsystems were operated for six and five months, respectively.
These operation periods correspond to the scheduled beamservice time of RIBF, i.e., five months. In addition,
Nishina’s water-cooling system was used not only for full
RIBF operation but also for the AVF standalone and
AVF+RRC operations. During FY2015, there was no
significant problem that resulted in beam service
interruption for both Nishina and RIBF water-coolingsystems. However, they were affected by small problems.

M. Kase.*1

J. Shibata *3

4. Establishment, and improvememt
New cooling facilities were not used, instead the old ones
were improved by remodeling the coolant plumbing systemand the SQUID monitors of the valve of the Big RIPS backup plumbing for 2015. We are planning to update theabsorption-style refrigerator in the RIBF facilities in 2016.

2. Trouble report
The most number of problems were related water leaks
from a coupling and a joint and they also include theproblem of the coolant pump being shut down formaintenance every year. Other problems include, themovement of the control valve of owing to the increase inradiation caused by the problems in the inverter of thewater-cooling pumps and the accelerator driving.
3. Periodic maintenanceRoutine maintenance works listed below are performed
during the scheduled summer and winter maintenanceperiods of the RIBF accelerators.
1) Cleaning of the cooling towers
2) Checking and overhauling the cooling-water pumps
3) Checking the control system of the RIBF water-coolingsystem4) Checking the inverter of the RIBF water-coolingpumps5) Cleaning of the plate heat exchangers
6) Checking and overhauling the air compressor
7) Replacing some superannuated hoses, joints and valves
used in the system
8) Cleaning of the strainers and filters used in thedeionized water production system
9) Extending the sensing-wires of the water leakage alarm
to floors of new areas
In addition, 2-3 times go the work that pro-backup, changes
electricity and a cooling installation in a year during an
accelerator outage to be affected by cooling facilities than astop of steam and the cold water by rolling blackouts of
RIKEN inside and a periodic inspection of theco-generation in the Nishina center.
*1 RIKEN Nshina Center*2 Nippon Kucho Service Co., Ltd*3

SHI Accelerator Service Co., Ltd- 143 -

Photograph of the Cleaning the cooling towers

References

1) T. Maie et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47(2013)
2) T. Maie et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48(2014)

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of pepper-pot
pepper-pot emittance
Development
emittancemonitor
monitorfor
forAVF
AVFcyclotron
cyclotron
Y. Kotaka,䠆1 Y. Ohshiro,䠆1 H. Yamaguchi,䠆1 N. Imai,䠆1 H. Muto,䠆4
T. Nagatomo,䠆2 M. Kase,䠆2 K. Hatanaka,䠆3 and S. Shimoura䠆1
In order to improve the injection efficiency from theHyper ECR ion source (Hyper ECRIS) to the Riken AVF
cyclotron, a pepper-pot emittance monitor1) has beendeveloped. The horizontal (x) and vertical (y) beam
elements are coupled in this injection beam line because
three solenoid coils and two Glaser coils exist.
Consequently, a four-dimensional distribution (x, x’, y, y’)of the beam is necessary for measurement. In this report, we
present the performance of the pepper-pot emittancemonitor, which can measure four-dimensional distributions.

Fig. 1. Top view of Hyper ECRIS and the beam line
Figure 1 shows the test set to determine the performanceof the pepper-pot emittance monitor. The figure shows a
top view of the beam line from the Hyper ECRIS to
DMI23. DMI23 is a dipole magnet that bends the beam in
the vertical direction. On the straight line from theanalyzing magnet to DMI23, a beam profile monitor(PF_IH10), a pepper-pot emittance monitor, a solenoid
coil (SOIH11) and a viewer plate (I23viewer) exist in thisorder. PF_IH10 is used for the alignment of the pepper-pot
emittance monitor.
We irradiated the pepper-pot emittance monitor with a4
He2+ 20 keV ion beam (51eμA). The beam image of thepepper-pot emittance monitor is shown in the left part of
Fig. 2. Using this, the four-dimensional distribution is
calculated and indicated as the vector in the right part of Fig.
2.

Fig. 2. Distribution of beam vector measured by the
pepper-pot emittance monitor
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆3
RCNP, Osaka University
䠆4Center of General Education, Tokyo University of Science, Suwa
䠆1
䠆2

Then, we transfer the four-dimensional distribution to theposition of the I23veiwer. The transfer matrix of SOIH11 isconstructed using the real solenoid model2). The result isshown as the image on the x-y plane in the left part of Fig. 3.
The right part of Fig. 3 shows the beam image of theI23viewer. Comparing the left and right images of Fig. 3,
we find that both shapes and positions are similar.

Fig. 3. The left image is the image obtained from thefour-dimensional distribution transferred to the position of
the I23viewer and the right image is a beam image on theI23viewer.
In order to obtain further confirmation, we also transfer
the four-dimensional distribution to the exit of DMI23 andthe result is shown as the image on the x-y plane in the leftpart of Fig. 4. For comparison, we place another pepper-pot
emittance monitor at the exit of DMI23 and measureanother four-dimensional distribution. This beam image isshown in the right part of Fig. 4. Both shapes and positions
are similar.

Fig. 4. The left image is the image obtained from thefour-dimensional distribution transferred to the exit of
DMI23 and the right image is the image obtained fromanother pepper-pot emittance monitor.
These results show that our pepper-pot emittance monitor
has the necessary performance to be useful for the analysisof the injection beam line. After this, we are going to design
the transport system of the injection beam line using thefour-dimensional distribution.
References

1) T.Hoffmann et al.: Proc. 9th BIW, Cambridge, USA, (2000),
p.432-439.
2) H. Wiedemann: Particle Accelerator Physics, 3rd ed. (Berlin,
Springer, 2007)- 144 -

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

HTc-SQUID beam current monitor at the RIBF†
T. Watanabe,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 M. Kase,∗1 S. Inamori,∗2 and K. Kon∗2
For measuring the DC current of heavy-ion beams
non-destructively at high resolution, we developed
a high critical temperature (HTc) superconducting
quantum interference device (SQUID) beam current
monitor for use in the radioactive isotope beam factory(RIBF) at RIKEN1) . Because of its low vibration, apulse tube refrigerator cools the HTc fabrications that
include the SQUID such that the size and operationalcosts of the system are reduced. Two years ago, we
signiﬁcantly reinforced the magnetic shielding system.
The new strong magnetic shielding system can attenuate the external AC magnetic noise by 10−10 . With theaim of practical use in acceleration operation, we disassembled the prototype high-Tc SQUID current monitor (SQUID monitor), installed improved parts, andre-assembled it. Last year, we installed the SQUID
monitor in the beam transport line in the RIBF. We
are presently using the SQUID monitor for measuringof the current of beams of heavy-ions such as uranium.
To increase the beam current resolution of the
SQUID monitor, we investigated the improvement of
the coupling eﬃciency between the magnetic ﬁeld thatis generated at the bridge circuit and the input coil ofthe HTc SQUID. We developed a new HTc SQUID2)
with a high-permeability core that was installed in thetwo input coils of the HTc SQUID. Furthermore, toincrease the magnetic ﬁeld produced by the bridge circuit, we successfully fabricated an HTc current sensor
with two coils using a newly developed spraying machine3) . In general, the performance of monitors suchas the SQUID monitor is determined by the signal tonoise ratio. To improve the measurement resolution,

Helmholtz Coils
for Noise Canceller

Beam Line䣄䣇䣃䣏

Pulse Tube Refrigerator

HTc SQUIDCurrent
MonitorMagne�c Sensor
for Noise Canceller

11.0

10

0

(a) 1minute

100(b) 1hour100(c) 1dayFig. 2. The 11 µA 78 Kr36+ intensity of the beam (50
MeV/u) was successfully measured with a 500 nA resolution.

it is important to attenuate external magnetic noise.
Therefore, we developed a hybrid magnetic shielding
method based on the properties of perfect diamagnetic
materials (superconductors) and ferromagnetic materials4) .
Figure 1 shows the SQUID monitor equipped with
the noise cancellation system, which was installed in
the transport line between the fRC and the IRC.
We successfully measured the intensity of an 11 µA
beam of 78 Kr36+ (50 MeV/u) with a 500 nA resolution (Fig. 2). We calibrated the SQUID output voltage
with a simulated beam current beforehand. Prolonged
1 min, 1 h, and 1 day recordings of the Kr beam current extracted from the fRC were achieved. In theserecordings, several dips in beam intensity due to the
ECR ion source discharge can be observed. The amplitude of the ripples in the modulated beam current
increased with the beam current. Although we canmeasure the intensity of a sub-µA beam, a two ordersof magnitude lower current resolution is required at the
RIBF. Therefore, we are now investigating the possibility of coating a thin layer (70 µm) of Bi2 -Sr2 -Ca1 Cu2 -Ox (Bi-2212) on a silver (Ag) substrate capable ofcorresponding to the complex shape.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant
Number 15K04749.
References

Fig. 1. SQUID monitor equipped with the noise canceller
system, which was installed in the transport line between the fRC and the IRC .
†∗1∗2

Condensed from the the proceedings in 2015 International
Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC 2015)
RIKEN Nishina Center
TEP Corporation- 145 -

1) T. Watanabe et al., Proc. 2010 Beam Instrumentation
Workshop (BIW10), 523-532 (2010).
2) M. I. Faley, Applications of High-Tc Superconductivity,
148-176 (2011).
3) T. Watanabe et al., J. Supercond. Nov. Magn., 26 (4),1297-1300 (2013).
4) T. Watanabe et al., IOP Publishing Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 507, 042047 (2014).

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Radiationmonitoring
monitoring in the RIBF using ionization
Radiation
ionization chamberchamber
M. Nakamura,䠆1 K. Yamada,䠆1 A. Uchiyama,䠆1 H. Okuno,䠆1 and M. Kase䠆1
In recent years, we have attempted to monitor radiation
due to beam loss in the RIBF by using self-made ionizationchambers (ICs)1)-3) In the course of RIBF operations, theseptum electrode of the electrostatic deflection channel(EDC) of the RRC was damaged by a 238U86 beam. To
avoid such serious damages, the part of the septum where
the ion beams can easily irradiate was cut off and molded
into a “V-shaped” edge. By observing the following RIBF
operations, we could recognize that such septum is effective
for reducing the beam loss at the EDC and avoiding thedamage to the septum. Last year, we conducted tests by
inputting the alarm signal from the IC signal near the EDCof the RRC. We recognized that this method was safer andeasier than the former calibration method1, 2). Hence, inthis report, for confirming the validity of this calibration
method for the ICs set at other parts in the RIBF, weinvestigated the introduction of the alarm signal from the ICnear the EDC of the SRC using the same method.
Usually, we input the alarm signal from the IC near the
EDC of the SRC to the BIS after the calibration
experiments1, 2). In these experiments, the ion beams wereattenuated to less than 1/10 and irradiated to the EDC for a
fairly short time and the IC voltages were measured. Fromthese results, we can estimate the alarm levels of the IC to
the BIS. However, it can be very dangerous to irradiate
heavy-ion beams to the EDC of the SRC because of asudden increase in the temperature of the septum.
Therefore, we consider the alarm levels of the IC from thesignals of the TCs set at the septum.
When thetemperature of the TC set at the first EDC septum of the
SRC becomes 42Υ, the alarm signal is input to the BIS.
Hence, we compared the value of the first septum
temperature with the signal of the IC set near the EDC of
the SRC in the machine time of the 48Ca20 beam. The
result is shown in Fig. 1. The data showed little dispersion
and the calibration curve in Fig. 1 can be drawn. From
this curve, we can see that the voltage of the IC becomesapproximately 1.5 V when the temperature of the first
septum reaches 42Υ, which is shown as a red dotted line in
Fig. 1. Then we can decide the alarm level for the BIS.
We input the alarm signal to the BIS from November
25to December 5, 2015 when the 48Ca20 ion was
accelerated at 345 MeV/nucleon. On November 26, theBIS by the alarm signal from the IC acted and stopped theoperations of the RIBF. Fig. 2 shows the IC signal for
November 26 from 12:00 to 24:00. At 17:35, the signal
suddenly rose to 2.4 V and the alarm signal was sent to the
BIS. After this signal, the alarm reached the BIS in themachine time of the 48Ca20 beam in 2015. The cause of
the unusual signal shown in Fig. 2 is unknown.
䠆1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 146 -

Fig. 1 Correlation of IC voltage and temperature of first
septum of EDC

Fig. 2 Signal from the IC near the EDC of the SRC
In previous reports1, 3), we showed that some problems
with the 48Ca20 ion beam in the EDC of the SRC frequently
occur when the IC output signal rises to about 4 V. On theother hand, the beam loss at the EDC reduced in thismachine time compared with the previous times. For thisreason, we presumed that the alarm level reduced to 1.5 V.
This cause is still not clear. However, if the beam loss at
the EDC changes each time, we can easily reset the IC
alarm level in every machine time by considering thecorrelations of the IC signal and TCs temperature.
In any case, as described above, we could confirm that
faster alarm signal to the BIS can be input from the IC near
the EDC of the SRC. Thus, we investigated to input thealarm signal from IC in SRC to the BIS when every ion isaccelerated in the RIBF.
References
1) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 293 (2011).
2) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 228 (2012).
3) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 310 (2014).
4) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 237 (2015).

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Improvement of the RIBF control
control system
Improvement
system
M. Komiyama,䠆1 A. Uchiyama,䠆1 M. Fujimaki,䠆1 K. Kumagai,䠆1 N. Fukunishi,䠆1
M. Hamanaka,䠆2 T. Nakamura,䠆2 and S. Fukuzawa䠆2
We report on two aspect of the RIBF control system; oneis the maintenance of the aging components in the system tomaintain stable operation of the accelerators and the other issafe operation of the accelerators based on the improvementof their performance.
The Network-I/O (NIO) system is one of the control
systems for magnet power supplies in the RIBF accelerator
complex,1) which is a commercially available systemmanufactured by Hitachi Zosen Corporation. The NIO
system consists of three types of controllers: the NIO-S
board, the NIO-C board, and the branch board. The NIO-S
board is a slave board attached directly to the magnet power
supply and controls it based on the signals received from anupper-level control system through the NIO-C board. The
NIO-C board works as a master board for the NIO-S boards
and is designed to operate in the VME computing machines.
The NIO-C and NIO-S boards are connected using an
optical fiber cable through a branch board. Since one NIO-S
board can control only one magnet power supply, there areabout 500 NIO-S boards, and this corresponds to 60% of
the total magnet power supply used in the RIBF accelerator
complex. The existing NIO system has been working
stably; however, the production of the present NIO-S andNIO-C boards was terminated because some parts used forcommunication were not available. Therefore, we decided
to develop fully compatible successors to the existing
NIO-S and NIO-C boards, and first, a successor of the
NIO-S board was developed in 2013.2) However, a problem
was found during the performance tests; some types ofmagnet power supplies could not be controlled by the
successor because the widths of some output pulses
produced were slightly different from those produced by theexisting board. After the pulse width of the successor was
adjusted to match with that of the existing NIO-S board, we
confirmed a normal operation of the successor in 2015. The
development of a successor for the NIO-C board has also
been started since 2014. The specifications required for the
successor of this board are essentially the same as that for
the existing one; however we decided to design the newboard to run in a control system constructed by PLC
modules instead of the VME computing environment
currently used, in order to achieve cost reduction andfunctional scalability. The successor of the NIO-C board isbased on FA-M3, manufactured by Yokogawa Electric
Corporation, 3) according to recent trends in the control
systems of RIBF accelerators based on EPICS. One of theadvantages of adopting FA-M3 is that a simple control
䠆1
䠆2

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

system can be set up because a Linux-based PLC-CPU(F3RP61) is available in the FA-M3 system and F3RP61
can work not as only a device controller but also as an
EPICS Input/Output Controller (IOC).4) This means that
additional hardware to serve as an EPICS IOC is not
required for F3RP61. Following the development of the
hardware for the successor in 2014, its software wasdeveloped in 2015. The successor of the NIO-C board is not
only equivalent to the existing one in terms of functionality
some new functions have also been added to control any
NIO-S board from an NIO-C board by using its serial port.
In the existing NIO system, there are only two ways tocontrol an NIO-S board: one is by entering a commandfrom the VME computer and the other is by entering acommand directly from a serial port of an NIO-S board.
Therefore, the new function is expected to help identify thecause of the problem at the time of its occurrence.
The second aspect is the contribution towards a safe
operation of the accelerators. Following an annual increasein the beam intensities supplied from the RIBF accelerators,
various functions have been added to the control system andthe beam interlock system (BIS) 5) to operate theaccelerators safely. As a part of the improvements, weconnected the interlock signals indicating failure of oldmagnet power supplies for the AVF cyclotron and RRC andtheir beam transport lines to the BIS in 2015 by modifying apart of the magnet power supplies to take out the interlock
signals. As a result, signals from almost all magnet power
supplies in RIBF are connected to the BIS except for themagnets installed in the junction building and the vault ofion sources for AVF cyclotron. Furthermore, current signals
detected by the beam spill monitors installed in the fRC
were also connected to the BIS in 2015. With thisimprovement, the amount of beam loss in all cyclotrons
except the AVF cyclotron can be monitored by the BIS, andit has become possible to prevent damages to the hardwareof the RIBF accelerator complex from significant beamlosses for high-power heavy-ion beams. For a further
increase on the beam intensities supplied from the RIBF
accelerators in the near future, we will expand the number
and type of signals managed by the BIS appropriately.
References

1) O. Kamigaito et al.: Proc. IPAC2014, (2014), p.800.
2) M. Komiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. Vol. 48 (2015).
p. 194.
3) http://www.yokogawa.co.jp/itc/itc-index-ja.htm
4) M. Komiyama, et al.: Proc. ICALEPCS2009, (2009), P. 275.
5) M. Kobayashi-Komiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. Vol.
39 (2006), p. 239.

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Control system renewal for eﬃcient operation of RIKEN 18 GHz
electron cyclotron resonance ion source†
A. Uchiyama,∗1 K. Ozeki,∗1 Y. Higurashi,∗1 M. Kidera,∗1 M. Komiyama,∗1 and T. Nakagawa∗1
The RIKEN 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonanceion source (18 GHz ECRIS)1) is used as an external
ion source at the RIBF accelerator complex to produce
an intense beam of medium-mass heavy ions. In the
RIBF control system, Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is adapted in order
to integrate controllers for operation of power suppliesof the magnet, vacuum systems, beam diagnostic system, etc.2) However, a non-EPICS-based system has
hardwired controllers, and it is used in the 18 GHzECRIS control system as an independent system. For
this reason, an unintegrated control system between
the ECRIS and the RIBF accelerator complex causes
ineﬃcient cross-operation. For eﬃcient operation of
the 18 GHz ECRIS, the control system should be upgraded by a remote control system with EPICS.
Rapid development of the renewal method is necessary because the 18 GHz ECRIS is used for both
RIBF injection and standalone experiments at the RILAC. Therefore, we use the 28 GHz SC-ECRIS control system technology3) for constructing the 18 GHzECRIS control system. The control system features
are used to adapt the programmable logic controllers(PLCs) to embedded EPICS technology and constructsuperior client systems. The 18 GHz ECRIS control system includes several types of distributed systems for remote control and Ethernet services. For
control of the main devices (e.g., gas valves, 18 GHzECRIS rod position), a Yokogawa F3RP61-2L module, which acts as an EPICS input/output controller(IOC), is combined with FA-M3 PLCs.4) A beam diagnostic system (e.g., Faraday cup, beam proﬁle monitor) is constructed with the EPICS using Linux-basedIOCs connected with N-DIMs, which are the original
Ethernet-based control devices at the RIKEN Nishina
Center.5) The negatively biased disk and the oven system are placed in the high-voltage terminal. For components installed at the locations, it is necessary toprovide insulation between the controller and components. Consequently, an FA LINK (proprietary speciﬁcation, Yokogawa Electric Corporation) and opticalﬁbers are adopted for connection with the high-voltage
stage (See Fig. 1).
For the software, basic components, such as a dataarchiver, and a GUI-based operator interface, are implemented as well as RIBF control system. The operational log system6) is also adopted for the 18 GHzECRIS control system. By completely logging 18 GHz†∗1ECRIS operations, for example gas valve and rod position operations, the operational logs can support thegeneration of ion beams, because the logged data canbe used to develop an ion beam.
The 18 GHz ECRIS system can be operated without
serious problems. Especially, we successfully achieved
stable 48 Ca beams7)8) in 2015 using this renewal control system, because a more sensitive operation, forexample ﬁne tuning of the MIVOC9) temperature andmicro-oven10) voltage, is possible, which was not thecase with the old hardwired control system.

Fig. 1. Outline of the hardware for this renewal system.

References
1) T. Nakagawa et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 226, 392(2004).
2) M. Komiyama et al.: Proc. ICALEPCS14, SanFrancisco, CA, USA (2014), p.348.
3) M. Komiyama et al.: Proc. ICALEPCS09, Kobe, Japan,(2009), p.275.
4) A. Uchiyama et al.: Proc. PCaPAC08, (2008), p.145.
5) M. Fujimaki et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 37, 279(2004).
6) A. Uchiyama et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 195(2015).
7) M. Nishida et al.,in this report.
8) E. Ikezawa et al., in this report.
9) M. Kidera et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 1473 (2004).
10) K. Ozeki et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02A924 (2014).

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 02A722(2016)RIKEN Nishina Center- 148 -

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

EPICS PV management and method for RIBF control system†
A. Uchiyama,∗1 M. Komiyama,∗1 and N. Fukunishi∗1
For the RIBF, we constructed a control system basedon the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control
System (EPICS) for magnet power supplies, beam diagnostic instruments, vacuum control systems, andso on.1) Diﬀerent types of devices are connected via
the EPICS Input/Output Controllers (IOCs) as frontend controllers for accelerator operation. For example,
VME-based IOCs are adapted for magnet power supplies, and beam diagnostic and vacuum systems (e.g.,
Faraday cup and beam proﬁle monitor) are constructedusing Linux-based IOCs connected with N-DIM.2) Additionally, CAMAC, GPIB, Programmable Logic Controller, and others are also utilized as control devices
with EPICS for various applications in the RIBF control system. In October 2015, the EPICS-based RIBF
control system consisted of 51 IOCs that contain approximately 110,000 EPICS records in total. Note that
the EPICS record consists of some ﬁelds, and the behavior of the record is deﬁned by cording the ﬁelds.
On the other hand, since the RIBF control system
has been constructed by extending the control systemof the RIKEN Accelerator Research Facility (RARF),
the relationship among the IOCs, the Process Variables (PVs), and controllers are complicated. The PV
is a named piece of data with a set of attributes in the
EPICS-based system. Therefore, we have constructeda system to manage the EPICS PV to solve the complication of the relationship and PV name.

Fig. 1. System chart of the developed program and inserted
data.

In the RIBF control system, common EPICS programs (EPICS-base, application programs, runtime
database, and additional extensions programs) are†∗1

Condensed from the article in proceedings of the 15 th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental
Control Systems. Melbourne, Australia, (2015)
RIKEN Nishina Center- 149 -

stored in the network attached storage (NAS), andthey are shared by all EPICS IOCs using the network
ﬁle system or ﬁle transfer protocol. The NAS, manufactured by NetApp, provides a centralized systemwith a high availability. On the other hand, the IOCs
mount common EPICS programs and the management
server is also mounted with the shared storage to readcommon EPICS programs. Therefore, by reading thestartup script ﬁles and accessing the EPICS runtime
database ﬁles, the developed program can parse theruntime database ﬁles, which is coded in startup scriptﬁle. In this developed system, the EPICS PV information is separately stored in the PostgreSQL-based
database by parsing the startup script ﬁles and EPICS
runtime database ﬁles (See Fig. 1). Additionally, theinformation of the network-based devices, which aremanaged by the IOC, is inserted in the database. Thisdeveloped program is coded in PHP and is regularly
invoked from Crontab services, which run on Linux;
thus, the data are always in the latest state.
Because the EPICS PVs and ﬁelds information are
stored in the PostgreSQL-based database, the information is available for use for various purposes by using
the network communication. Therefore, we developed
command-line-based tools to obtain the information,and it was implemented in the operational log system.3) The operational log system is one of the electric
log systems for recording and viewing the accelerator
operating time and contents of an operated device.
By using this system, the names of the required PVs
are never missed from the list because creating the lists
with a program is easy. By developing Web applications, searching the IOC hostname from the EPICS
record name becomes possible. Furthermore, because
this developed system has an autocomplete feature,
searching by EPICS record name is possible without
requiring the completed EPICS record name.
Using the inserted information, alive monitoring will
be implemented in the near future for the RIBF control
system. By using alive monitoring system, it will become possible to enhance the reliability of the control
system.
References
1) M. Komiyama et al.: Proc. ICALEPCS14, SanFrancisco, CA, USA (2014), p.348.
2) M. Fujimaki et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 37 (2004),
p.279.
3) A. Uchiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48(2015), p.195.

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

New operation interface for rf voltage and phase of RIBF cyclotrons
using rotary encoder
K. Yamada,∗1 S. Ishikawa,∗2 R. Koyama,∗2 K. Yadomi,∗2 and N. Sakamoto∗1
The RIBF accelerator complex can accelerate allkinds of ions up to β = v/c = 0.7 via a four-stage
cascade of ring cyclotrons, i.e., the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC), fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron (fRC),
Intermediate-energy Ring Cyclotron (IRC), and Superconducting Ring Cyclotron (SRC). The rf systems forthese cyclotrons are controlled by using an individual
programmable logic controller (PLC) for every rf resonator. The remote control interface for the fRC, IRC,
and SRC accomplished in 2006 has been actualized byan Ethernet connection to PLCs using a PC base driverand SCADA software of Wonderware InTouch 9.5. The
remote control interface had some problems such as
slow response and disconnection of network owing to
the use of an older-generation PLC. Thus, we have constructed a new operation interface to remotely control
the rf voltage and phase using rotary encoders suchas that for the RRC instead of using mouse clicks inorder to realize smooth and comfortable operation of
the cyclotrons.
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the new remote control system. The remote control interface is directly
connected to an additional PLC (OMRON CS1H) installed in the control room. The signals of rotary encoders are counted by fast counter modules of the PLC
and converted to set point data for the rf voltage andphase, which are stored in the PLC memory. The data
are distributed to relay PLCs installed in the vicinity of the existing RF control PLCs for the fRC, IRC,
and SRC through a private data link network using
Controller Link. Each relay PLC is connected to theexisting RF control PLCs via an open field network,
DeviceNet, because the existing PLCs were alreadydiscontinuous product but they had been incorporated
in the DeviceNet master module.
As shown in Fig. 2, two hardware buttons, eight rotary encoders, and a touch panel are mounted on theinterface. One of the hardware buttons is a LOCK
button and the other is a SET button similar to the
RRC interface. The control inhibition has to be released by the LOCK button to start the operation using encoders, and the control is automatically inhibited
after 3 min. A control target cyclotron, fRC, IRC, or
SRC has to be selected using the touch panel. Whenthe lock is released, the all present set points of the rf
voltage and phase on the existing RF control PLCs areimported to the memory on the PLC installed in thecontrol room, and the operation using the conventional
PC base control is invalidated, which ensures compatibility. The group of rotary encoders on the left is
for rf voltage control, whereas the group on the rightis for rf phase control. The voltage setting of all therf resonators can be adjusted individually. The phasesetting of the main acceleration resonators is adjusted
using a rotary encoder simultaneously, and the phasesetting of the flat-top resonator is adjusted independently. All the present values of voltage and phase,
set points, and control step sizes are indicated on thetouch panel. The control step size can be selected using the touch panel. The present set points can besaved to memory by pushing the SET button up to
ten times.
The new system was successfully commissioned in
March 2015 and was operated during the RIBF experiments without problems. Owing to the introductionof the new interface, smooth operation with a response
ten times faster than that of previous systems and no
network connection issues will lead to optimum tuningof the rf voltage and phase for the RIBF cyclotrons.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the new remote control system for
RIBF cyclotrons.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

Fig. 2. Remote control interface for the new system.

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RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development ofof aa buffer
buffer gas-freegas-free Buncher
Buncher for
Development
for SCRIT
SCRIT experiments
experiments
K. Yamada,＊1 T. Oonishi,＊2 K. Kurita,＊1 M. Togasaki,＊1 R. Toba,*3 and M. Wakasugi*2
We developed low-energy–ion beam buncher1) for ion
beam injection into the SCRIT device at the Self-ConfinigRadioactive isotope Ion Target (SCRIT)2) facility. Thisapparatus makes it possible to convert a continuous beamfrom Electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT(ERIS)3 ） to a pulsed beam with 500 s duration. Thisbuncher is based on a linear radio-frequency quadrupole(RFQ) buncher widely used in the world. However nobuffer gas is used and this buncher works in ultra-highvacuum condition. The new-type buncher we havedeveloped stacks continuously injected ions using RF
fringing fields created at both ends of the RFQ electrodes,
and extracts them as a pulsed beam. In off-line test
experiments, we found the DC to pulse conversion
efficiency. We also found that the efficiency is greatly
improved by combining with pre-bunching at the ion source
using grid action.
Figure 1 shows the schematics of the off-line experimental
setup of the system together with the longitudinal potential
diagrams. This consists of an ion source with a grid, RFQ
electrode with barrier electrodes as both ends, and theanalyzing magnet. Three Faraday cups were used as beamdiagnostic device as shown in the figure. The RFQ has atotal length of 914 mm and a bore radius of r0 = 8.0 mm. RF
field with less than 500-V amplitude is supplied in thefrequency range from 0.3 MHz to 3 MHz from an LC
resonance circuit. The ion source is a surface ionization
type, and it provides alkali metal ions (133Cs+, 85-87Rb+,
39-41 +
K , and 23Na+) beam. Accelerating voltage VAcc = 6.0 kV.
The voltage VBar applied to barriers 1 and 2 was slightly
lower than VAcc, VAcc - VBar = 1.5 V, and higher than the DC
voltage VDC applied to the RFQ electrodes, VBar – VDC =5~10 V. With this condition, continuously injected ions are
decelerated by the RF fringing field in between the barrier
and the RFQ. Stacked ions are extracted from the buncher

Fig.1. Experimental setup of the buncher system together withlongitudinal potential diagram (DC injection).

when the potential of the barrier electrode 2 is switched to
VDC – 120 V. This operation was repeated with appropriate
frequency.
From the observed waveforms at FC1-3, we estimated thenumber of ions at each position. The stacking efficiency isdefined as the ratio between the number of ions injected in
the operation period (Ninj) and the extracted yields of pulsed
beam (Next), =Next/Ninj. Figure 2 shows example ofwaveforms of pulsed Cs ion beams observed at FC3 at theoperation frequency of 2 Hz. Red and green lines indicatescases of continuous beam injection and pre-bunched beam
injection respectively. Pre-bunching enhances the yield of
the pulsed beam by approximately three times. EstimatedDC-pulse conversion efficiency is shown Fig. 3 as afunction of the operation frequency. The efficiency
increases with the operation frequency, and the typicalvalue for continuous beam injection, for instance, isapproximately 5% at the 2 Hz operations. The efficiency forthe case of the pulsed beam is always enhanced and roughly
30% at the operation frequency of less than 10 Hz. This isdue to the enhancement of the peak intensity of the
pre-bunched beam and by significantly reducing thestacking time in the RFQ.

Fig. 2. Waveforms observed by FC3 for each injection schemes at the frequency of
2 Hz.

the

Fig. 3. Operation frequency dependence of stacking efficiency for each injection
scheme.

References

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University＊2
Riken Nishina Center＊3
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Nagaoka University ofTechnology＊11) M. Togasaki et al.: to be published in HIAT proceedings.
2) M. Wakasugi et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 532, 216 (2004).
3) M. Wakasugi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 668 (2013).

- 151 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Lithiumion
ion production
production for
Lithium
for laser
laser ion
ion source
source††M. Okamura,*1,*2 K. Palm,*3 C. Stifler,*4 D. Steski,*1 S. Ikeda,*5,*2 M. Kumaki,*6,*2 and T. Kanesue*1
The use of laser ion source (LIS) is an effective andsimple method for creating a wide variety of ions. However,this method has not yet been extensively tested on alkali
metal targets owing to their high reactivity. In this report,
we investigated the Li plasma properties in laser ablation
for the future application of alkali metal beam acceleration
because Li ion beams can be used for neutron beam
creation1).
Li oxidizes rapidly when exposed to the atmosphere. To
limit the exposure of the targets, special precautions weretaken when producing the targets. The metals were polished,rolled to an appropriate thickness using a rolling mill, andimmediately stored in a portable vacuum chamber. Whenthe targets were installed, argon gas flow was employed toreduce the exposure to oxygen. Then, the target chamber
was immediately pumped down to vacuum. The attempted
target thickness was 1.0 mm, although it was not easy toachieve good accuracy. The targets were irradiated with aneodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG)
laser operating at 1.4 J, with a wavelength of 1064 nm and apulse length of 6 ns. The laser was focused on the target
with a plano-convex focusing lens with a focal length of
100 mm. The distance of the lens from the target was
adjustable from outside of the target vacuum chamber, thus
allowing the beam to be focused and defocused. The
incident angle between the laser path and the beam line was
20°. The target chamber and subsequent beam line were
held below 1.8×10-4 Pa for the duration of the experiment.
A Faraday cup (FC) with a ĳ = 10 mm aperture was placed
2.4 m away from the targets to measure the beam current.
The suppressor voltage of the FC was set to í3.5 kV. The
positively charged particles in the plasma were analyzed
using an electrostatic ion analyzer (EIA). The selected ionswere detected by a secondary electron multiplier (SEM).
The total distance between the detector and target was 3.7
m. The ion species and charge states were determined by
the time of flight information in the SEM signal and theapplied voltage to the EIA.
In the experiment, we detected H, Li, and O ions.
Unfortunately, the apparatus cannot distinguish ions ofdifferent species but which have the same mass to charge
ratio. Therefore, some detected signals may be contributedby different species. The entire view of the experimental
setup was explained in our previous publication2).
†

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 02A901 (2016)
Collider-Accelerator Department, BNL*2
RIKEN Nishina Center*3
Department of Physics, Cornell University*4
Engineering Physics Systems Department, Providence College*5Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology*6
Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University*1- 152 -

A focused laser beam with power density of the order of1012 W/cm2 was used to create high-charge-state Li beams.
A fresh laser spot was always supplied in the motorizedstage for every laser shot. The analysis showed oxygen
charge states ranging from O1+ to O8+ as well as 7Li3+, 7Li2+,
7 1+
Li , and 6Li3+. The beam composition data can be seen in
Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Species and charge state distribution in the plasma
from the Li target. The charges were counted at 1.0 m fromthe target with a 1.0 cm2 sensing area.
The LIS could create high-charge-state ions from the Litarget. There was an apparent oxygen contamination in the
beams. We also found that the Li target was clearly oxidizedin the vacuum chamber held below 1.8 x 10-4 Pa. To adopt a
laser ion source with a Li target for industrial applications,oxidization and the time-consuming target preparation need
to be overcome.
References

1) E. Norbeck, Jr. and C. S. Littlejohn, Phys. Rev. 108, 3 (1957).
2) S. Ikeda et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02B913 (2014).
Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Response of an axial magnetic field to injection of laser ablation
plasmaS. Ikeda,∗1,∗2 M. Okamura,∗3 and K. Horioka∗2
An ion source using laser ablation plasma can provide various types of heavy ion pulsed beam with relatively simple conﬁguration, such as the source operated
in the Brookhaven National Laboratory.1) In addition
to this advantage, the plasma is expected to become ahigh current ion source because of the high density andhigh drift velocity. To achieve this, guiding of the expanding plasma with axial magnetic ﬁeld is necessary
and the mechanism needs to be made clear. During
the above interaction, the magnetic ﬁeld is distortedby the plasma while the distortion generates magnetic
pressure aﬀecting the plasma dynamics. The distortion is determined by a competing process between theconvection by the plasma and the diﬀusion into theplasma. In the case of laser ablation plasma, both effects play some roles and vary within the plasma plumedue to the distribution of the conductivity and theplasma velocity. Therefore, the magnetic ﬁeld should
evolve within the plume while giving rise to a structure
within the plume. Hence, we investigated the responseof an axial magnetic ﬁeld against the plume injection
with a magnetic probe, and then compared the resultwith plasma behavior.
Figure 1 shows the experimental setup. We produced the plasma plume using a 4 × 108 W/cm2
Nd:YAG laser from an iron target in a chamber evacuated to 4 × 10−4 Pa. A coil 50 mm in diameter and 5
mm in length was placed at a distance of 260 mm fromthe target to generate the magnetic ﬁeld that was 65 G
at the center. A disk with a 14-mm-diameter aperture
was placed between the target and the coil to deﬁne theplasma plume diameter. A magnetic probe was placedin the coil. A 20-turns pickup coil 6.4 mm in diameterand 2.0 mm in length was attached to the probe edge.
By integrating the voltage signal from the probe, wemeasured the variation in the longitudinal componentof the magnetic ﬁeld. We also measured the plasma ion
current density at a distance of 740 mm with a biased
ion probe.
From the current density measurement, we foundthat the head of the plasma plume is preferentiallyguided and directed. In addition, the plume was estimated to pass through the coil from 5 to 30 µs.
Figure 2 shows the ﬁeld response ∆Bz as a functionof the distance from the coil center z at various time(8, 10, 14 µs) from the laser pulse. At any given point
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory- 153 -

Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental setup for magnetic
field measurement.

Fig. 2. Variation of magnetic field ∆Bz as a function of the
distance from the coil center z at various time (8, 10,14 µs) from the laser pulse.

of time, ∆Bz was negative in z < 0 and positive inz > 0. The absolute value of ∆Bz in z < 0 was larger
than in z > 0, and additionally, ∆Bz changed fromnegative to positive in z > 0. These results mean thatthe magnetic ﬁeld was distorted asymmetrically withrespect to the midplane of the coil. On the other hand,∆Bz in z < 0 in earlier time was smaller than that inlater time. This means that the head of the plumedistorts the ﬁeld to a greater extent. Because the headis faster than the tail, this indicates that the diﬀerent
convective eﬀect depending on the velocity leads to thediﬀerent distortion within the plume.
The larger distortion by the head and the preferential guiding of the head as mentioned above show thatthe diﬀerence of the distortion results in the diﬀerenceof the guiding eﬀect.
From the investigation, we found that the magnetic
ﬁeld evolves within the plume asymmetrically, whichleads to structure in the plume.
Reference
1) T. Kanesue et al.: Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany, p 1890 (2014).

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Peformance of a fast kicker magnet for Rare-RI Ring†
H. Miura,∗1 Y. Abe,∗2 Z. Ge,∗2 K. Hiraishi,∗3 Y. Ichikawa,∗3 I. Kato,∗1 T. Moriguchi,∗3 D. Nagae,∗2 S. Naimi,∗2
T. Nishimura,∗1 S. Omika,∗1 A. Ozawa,∗3 F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 S. Suzuki,∗3 T. Suzuki,∗1 N. Tadano,∗1 Y. Tajiri,∗3
Y. Takeuchi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 M. Wakasugi,∗2 T. Yamaguchi,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗2 and Rare-RI ring collaborators
A fast kicker magnet is indispensable for injecting
beams into the rare-RI ring individually1) . Therefore,
we developed a distributed-constant type fast kicker
magnet. The kicker magnet is equivalent to an electronic circuit that is a π-type LC circuit.
Based on the detailed simulations of the equivalent
electronic circuit of the prototype kicker magnet, we
optimized the inductance, capacitance, and mutual inductance. We used these simulation results to develop
a new kicker magnet. The new kicker magnet parameters are designed to be L = 100 nH and C = 350 pF
to improve impedance matching, and an additional capacitance of 2600 pF was attached to the entrance of
the kicker magnet to prevent reﬂection.
We applied the search coil method to measure themagnetic ﬁeld. The result of the magnetic ﬁeld of the
new kicker magnet at 20 kV is shown in Fig.1. The
propagation time from a trigger signal input, whichcorresponds to 0 ns in Fig.1, until the peak of the kicker
magnet ﬁeld, is approximately 545 ns.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
0

0.015
0.01
0.005
0

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

∗2
∗3

18

20

22

24 26 28 30 32
Charge Voltage[kV]34

Fig. 2. Number of injected events by the plastic scintillation detector as a function of the charging voltage ofthe kicker magnet.

In June 2015, we carried out the ﬁrst commissioningof the rare-RI ring using a 78 Kr36+ beam with an energy of 168 MeV/nucleon. The kick angle of 11.4 mrad
is required for injection into the rare-RI ring. For thepresent beam condition, a magnetic ﬁeld of 434 G is
required. Thus, the kicker power supply should becharged up to 26.6 kV.
We tested an individual injection method using the
new kicker magnet. To conﬁrm the injection of thebeam, a plastic scintillation counter was placed in thecentral orbit at the detector chamber after the next
straight section of the rare-RI ring. When the beamis kicked correctly, it is counted by the plastic scintillation counter. We measured the number of counts
∗1

0.025
0.02

Fig. 1. Typical magnetic field of a new kicker magnet.

†

by changing the charging voltage, as shown in Fig. 2.
This ﬁgure shows the relative injection eﬃciency because the width of the plastic scintillation counter issmaller than that of the acceptance of the ring.
We tested the ejection of the stored beam using thesame kicker magnet after 700 µs storage. A plastic
scintillation counter was placed at the exit of the ring.
We measured the number of events counted by theplastic scintillator by changing the ejection timing; thecharging voltage of the kicker magnet was 26.6 kV. The
result is shown in Fig. 3. This plastic scintillation has
suﬃcient width to cover the extractable acceptance ofthe ring. From this result, the kicker magnet has a
ﬂat top of approximately 100 ns because the duration
until the extraction eﬃciency up to 90 % of the peakis approximately ± 50 ns.
The present result shows that the individual injection method and ejection was successfully performed.

Condensed from the article in Proceedings of HIAT2015,
Yokohama,Japan
Department of Physics, Saitama University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba- 154 -

0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
ejection time[700000 + ns]

Fig. 3. Number of events counted by the plastic scintillation detector at the exit of the storage ring as a functionof ejection delay timing.

Reference
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al., Phys. Scr. T166, 014056 (2015).

9. Instrumentation

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Ion-optical study of additive and subtractive modes of BigRIPS
H. Takeda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 D. S. Ahn,∗1 Y. Shimuzu,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 D. Murai,∗1
N. Inabe,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 T. Komatsubara,∗1 andH. Geissel∗2
One of the important features of the in-ﬂight fragment separator BigRIPS1) is a two-stage separation
scheme. Rare-isotope (RI) beam is produced and separated in the ﬁrst stage (F0-F2) with an energy-loss degrader at the momentum dispersive focus F1. Particle
identiﬁcation and momentum analysis are performed
event-by-event in the second stage (F3-F7) with themomentum dispersive foci F4, F5, and F6.1,2) Anotherenergy-loss degrader placed at F5 is often used to separate unwanted isotopes produced in the ﬁrst degrader
at F1 as a result of the charge state change or the secondary reaction.
The two stages act independently and their isotopic
separation power can be added or subtracted, depending on the experimental condition. When the separation powers of the two stages are added, the horizontal
spatial distance at the ﬁnal focus F7 would increase.
Because widths also increase, improvement of the ﬁnal resolving power will depend on the experimental
condition.
The additive and subtractive modes can be switchedby changing the sign of the magniﬁcation of a matching
section F2-F3 in between the two stages. In a previous
report,3) we have introduced a new ion-optical system
for the additive mode. The F2-F3 magniﬁcation isreversed compared to the standard (subtractive) modeby adding one focus in the horizontal direction at the
mid-point between F2 and F3. We performed machinestudies to examine the two modes in this year.
In April 2015, we compared the additive and subtractive modes under the same conditions for the ﬁrst
and second stages. Only the matching section F2-F3
was changed. Isotopes around 132 Sn produced in a
238 86+U+ Be 5 mm reaction at 345 MeV/nucleon wereused to measure the optical properties. 5-mm- and3-mm-thick wedge-shaped aluminum degraders wereplaced at F1 and F5, respectively. Magnetic rigidity of
the ﬁrst dipole (D1) was 7.1 Tm and the other dipoles(D2-D6) were tuned so that the 132 Sn isotope came at
the center at each focus.
Table 1 shows the measured mass dispersions at F2,
F3, and F7 together with the LISE++ simulation. We
can see that the mass dispersion became large at F7
in the additive mode as expected. However, there aresome discrepancies in the additive mode between themeasured and calculated values compared to those of
the subtractive mode. These discrepancies may comefrom the discrepancies in the F2-F3 transfer matrix∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH- 155 -

Table 1. Mass dispersion in mm/ΔA at F2, F3, and F7.
See text for the RI beam setting in this measurement.

F2
F3
F7

subtractive
measured LISE++
5.82
6.05
-6.33
-6.41
0.23
-0.71

additivemeasured LISE++
5.54
6.05
4.72
6.11
12.1
18.5

elements. For example, the measured and calculated
magniﬁcations were 0.78 and 1.01, respectively, while
they agreed in a few % in the subtractive mode. The
reason for the diﬀerence is under consideration. We
also found that the telescopic condition was not fulﬁlled due to the very large (a|x) value in the additivemode. The measured and calculated values were 1.89
and 2.14 mrad/mm, respectively. According to this(a|x) term, isotopes that come oﬀ-center at F2 havelarge angles at F3 and the track reconstruction in thesecond stage would become worse. The transmissionis also aﬀected. The 132 Sn yield in the additive mode
was about 30% less than that in the subtractive mode.
Events with a large angle caused by the large (a|x)
term may be lost after F2. Reduction of the (a|x)
term is under consideration.
Purities of the 132 Sn isotope are almost the same inboth additive and subtractive modes, being 8% and 6%
for the F1 slit at ±2 mm and ±64.2 mm, respectively,
when the F2 and F7 slits are optimized for 132 Sn. The
purities are dominated by the contamination from thesame isotones, which occupy almost the same position
at F2 in our case. The additive mode gives the sameseparation for such isotones as the subtractive mode.
Therefore, the purities were not improved in the additive mode as we had expected. Altering the combination of energy and degrader thickness is required forisotone separation.
In November 2015, we performed another machine
study for the two-stage separation. We applied thesame conditions for the ﬁrst stage as in April. Thickness of the aluminum degrader at F5 was changed(0 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm) to investigate systematically the isotope separation in the subtractive mode.
The measured mass dispersions at F7 varied from −7
to 11 mm/ΔA as a function of the F5 degrader thickness and were well reproduced with LISE++ simulations. Detailed analysis, including transmission, purity, and so on, is in progress.
References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B204, 97 (2003).
2) N. Fukuda et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 323 (2013).
3) H. Takeda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 208(2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

PPAC high-rate study with Z ∼ 50 beams (MS-EXP15-09)
H. Sato,∗1 K. Kumagai,∗1 D.S. Ahn,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 T. Komatsubara,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1
D. Murai,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 andK. Yoshida∗1

ηX = {1 − (1 − ηF 3-1AX )(1 − ηF 3-1BX )}× {1 − (1 − ηF 3-2AX )(1 − ηF 3-2BX )},where ηF 3-1AX is the individual eﬃciency of the X
cathode of the A-side PPAC at F3-1; ηY is similarly
deﬁned.
Under this HV condition, PPACs were irradiatedwith high-rate beams in the range from 1 kHz to1000 kHz, and the occurrence of the discharge and thechange of the total eﬃciency were monitored. Firstly,
there was neither discharge nor trip of the voltage modules even in the case of irradiation with the 600 kHz
and 1000 kHz beams for 70 and 60 minutes, respectively. Secondly, the total eﬃciency decreased as beam
rate increased as shown in Table 1. If the electrodes in
the PPACs sustain damage, this decrease of the total∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 156 -

eﬃciency will happen and will be irreversible. However, ηX and ηY obtained with the 1 kHz beam inruns 612 and 621, which were performed just after irradiation with the 600 kHz and 1000 kHz beam respectively, reproduce the values obtained with the ﬁrst
1 kHz beam in run 602. Thus, we can conclude thatthe electrodes in the PPACs were not damaged by thehigh-rate beams up to 1000 kHz. The reason for thedecrease of ηX and ηY can be explained by the property of the delay line: the total delay time of the signal(118 ns for 150 mm delay line length and 192 ns for
240 mm) results in the dead time of the PPAC. As aresult, the eﬃciency decreases for high-rate beams.
100
Individual efficiency [%]Position-sensitive Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter(PPAC) is one of the important focal plane detectors
for the Bρ measurement at RIBF1) . Owing to thefast response of the PPAC with the delay line readout,
the PPAC operated under the counting-rate of several MHz with the 2.5 MeV/u 4 He beam2) . However,sometimes a discharge of the PPAC due to high-rateheavy-ion beams results in damage to the electrodes
and causes the high voltage (HV) modules to trip1) .
Therefore, it is important to investigate the toleranceof the PPAC against intense heavy-ion beams.
An endurance test of the PPAC against high-rateheavy-ion beams was carried out in November 2015.
Two double-PPACs1) were placed in the F3 chamber of the BigRIPS separator. The upstream anddownstream PPAC are named as F3-1 and F3-2, respectively. The size of F3-1 (F3-2) is 150 mm(X) ×
150 mm(Y) (240 mm(X) × 150 mm(Y)). Each doublePPAC has two delay-line PPACs in its case, termed
A- and B-side. Each PPAC is equipped with an antidischarge unit, which is currently under development
3). A mixed beam of around 132 Sn was used, whoseenergy at F3 was around 220 MeV/u. The beam sizein σ at F3-1 was 2.1 mm (X) and 3.1 mm (Y), and at
F3-2 the beam size was 7.5 mm (X) and 9.0 mm (Y).
Before irradiating the PPACs with intense beams,
the HV dependence of individual detection eﬃciencies
for each cathode was measured with a 1 kHz beam
(Fig. 1). Subsequently, the HV was adjusted for all
cathodes so as to realize the individual eﬃciency ofaround 95%. At that time, the total eﬃciency for X
and Y plane, ηX and ηY , was 99.86% and 99.92%,
respectively. Here, ηX is deﬁned as

100

95

90

90

80

85

F3-1

80

A-side,X
A-side,Y
B-side,X
B-side,Y

75
70

70
60
50
40

F3-2
A-side,X
A-side,Y
B-side,X
B-side,Y

6530
690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760
High voltage [V]Fig. 1. Individual eﬃciency of each cathode. The adjusted
voltage for each PPAC is as follows: F3-1A, 700 V; F31B, 720 V; F3-2A, 720 V; F3-2B, 730 V.
Table 1. Total eﬃciencies of ηX and ηY .
runnumber
602
605
606
608
609
610
612
613
615
616
617
621

beam rate@F3 [kHz]
1
50
100
200
400
600
1
600
600
1000
1000
1

irradiation
time [min]
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
30
30
30
30
5

ηX
[%]
99.86
99.70
99.74
99.57
98.89
97.71
99.95
97.65
97.75
90.83
92.94
99.94

ηY
[%]
99.92
99.83
99.80
99.72
99.30
98.52
99.96
98.49
98.52
93.30
94.57
99.96

References
1) H. Kumagai et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 717(2013).
2) H. Kumagai et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 470, 562(2001).
3) Y. Sato et al.: JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 030124 (2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

ANSYS code calculations for measuring beam spot temperature
Z. Korkulu,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa∗1, and T. Kubo∗1
RIBF cyclotrons can accelerate very heavy ions suchas uranium up to 345 MeV/nucleon. The goal beam intensity is expected to be 1 particle µA (6.2×1012 pps),
which corresponds to a beam power of 82 kW in thecase of 238 U1) . An important aspect in increasing beam
intensity is limiting the maximal temperature due tobeam energy loss in the material. Controlling this absorbed power is a key challenge. Therefore, a highpower production target system2,3) was designed andconstructed in 2007 for the BigRIPS separator4,5). The
water-cooled rotational disk targets and ladder-shaped
fixed targets are currently in operation.
As the fixed ladder-shaped target, a Be taper of
3-mm thickness was irratiated by a 238 U beam of
345 MeV/nucleon, up to 38 pnA with a beam spot sizeof 1.5-mm diameter. This target was tightly mounted
on a water-cooled target holder using a 5-mm thickaluminum fixing plate. Although the present primarybeam intensity is much lower than the goal value, thebeam spot temperature at various conditions was measured and compared with thermal simulations to examine the beam power tolerance and to evaluate thecooling capacity of the high-power production target.
The finite element thermal analysis code, ANSYS6) ,was used to model thermal distributions in the targets.
Figure 1 shows the quarter model of the laddershaped target and the result of the temperature distribution calculated by the steady-state thermal analysis.
The mesh of the target body is generated using threedimensional hexahedral elements 0.2 mm in size. The
input power was given as the heat generation, which isapproximately 87 W/mm3 . In addition, the total absorbed power in the whole Be target, not the quartermodel, is approximately 460 W for 35 pnA intensity.
Owing to the high energy deposition in the target, thetarget system is cooled using a forced convection mode.
For forced convection, the heat transfer coefficient of
the cooling channel was calculated (using JAERI formula7) ) and used in the simulation. For this simulation, the cooling water (25◦ C) flowed at 3.5 l/min
through the cooling channel. To ensure efficient heattransfer, the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of Be and Al were used at temperatures between
25 and 750◦C. As shown in Fig. 1, the maximum temperature of the target center was approximately 650◦ C
under the above mentioned conditions. Figure 2 shows
the calculated and measured beam spot temperature
on a Be target as a function of the primary beam intensity of 48 Ca, 78 Kr, and 238 U. For all primary beams,
the temperature is always below the melting temperature (1278◦ C) of the Be target for beam intensities∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 157 -

Fig. 1. Quarter finite element analysis model and the calculated temperature distrubiton in the Be target.

Fig. 2. Calculated and measured beam spot temperature
on a Be target as the function of a different primarybeam intensity.

used in the simulation. In order to reach the goal intensity, it is recommended to use a water-cooled rotating disk target with a suitable velocity so that different
parts of the target are irradiated by bunches.
Presently, the beam spot temperature calculated using the ANSYS code is higher than the measured beam
spot temperature8) . Discrepancy between the measured temperature and the simulation can be caused by
the suboptimal spatial resolution of the thermal camera system. Since the spatial resolution of the thermal
camera is approximately 2 mm, some improvements toachieve a more accurate measurement will be necessary.
References
1) Y. Yano, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 261, 1009 (2007).
2) A. Yoshida et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 521, 65 (2004).
3) A. Yoshida et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 590, 204 (2008).
4) T. Kubo, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
5) T. Kubo et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Sup. 17, 1069 (2007).
6) ANSYS, Inc. Product Release 16.0, USA.
7) J. Boscary et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 43, 147 (1998).
8) Y. Yanagisawa et al.: In this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measurementof
ofbeam-spotbeam-spot temperaturetemperature on
on production
Measurement
productiontarget
targetatatBigRIPSBigRIPSY. Yanagisawa,＊1 K. Yoshida,＊1 Z. Korkulu,＊1 and T. Kubo＊1
The primary beam intensity until U beams at the RIBF is
increasing yearly towards the final goal of 1 puA with 350
MeV/nucleon. The target needs to withstand the beam
intensity. We report on the measurement of the beam-spot
temperature on the production target for the BigRIPS forthe primary 48Ca, 78Kr, and 238U beams.
For the BigRIPS, two types of targets are used. One is aladder-shaped target with water cooling, which is a fixed
target for a low-beam-power experiment (a few kilowatts ofenergy loss) and the other is a water-cooled rotating disktarget for a high-beam-power experiment. Details of thetarget system are described in ref. 1). We have measured thetemperature of the surface of the target using an infrared
thermos-viewer at a distance of 14 m from the target.
Figure 1 shows the beam-spot temperature on the fixedand rotating-Be target as a function of the primary beam
intensity at the exit of the SRC of 48Ca, 78Kr and 238U beams
with a beam-spot size approximately 1.5 mm in diameter.
The maximum intensities of the 48Ca, 78Kr, and 238U beams
in these measurements are 480 pnA, 270 pnA, and 38 pnA,
respectively. The calculated beam-spot temperature for the
fixed targets is described in ref. 2). We can observe theimage of the temperature distribution for the rotating Be
target for the first time. Figure 2 shows the temperature
image of the 15-mm-thick Be target at 100 rpm bombarded
by 48Ca with 420 pnA as an example. A significant changeof the beam-spot temperature due to the difference inrotational speeds, 100 rpm and 300 rpm, was not observed.
By Comparing the observed temperatures for the fixedand rotating-Be target of the same thickness for 48Ca and78
Kr, it can be seen that the latter has a 5-8 times gain in the
primary beam intensities. The results indicate that we havea sufficient margin for the lighter primary beams below Kr
with an intensity of 1 puA.
We also measured the beam-spot temperature only on a
fixed target for 238U with 38 pnA, as shown in Fig. 1. In thecase of the 3-mm-thick Be target, its maximum temperature
is 333 degrees, which is sufficiently lower than the melting
point of Be. However, the center of the target had a melted
mark and small cracks with spike shapes on the downstreamside after the experiment, as shown in Fig. 3. Although thereason for this is currently under investigation, we haveassumed that the fixed target reaches the critical limit in thisintensity. We are planning to introduce the rotating target in238
U next time. Even if the rotating target has an eightfold
gain as compared to the fixed one, as is the case for Kr
beams, it is difficult for the target to withstand the goal
intensity, i.e., 1 puA for 238U beams. We will have toimprove the target system based on various measurement
data including the beam-spot temperature and its model＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 158 -

calculations.

Fig.1 Beam-spot temperature on a Be target as a function of
the primary beam intensity of 48Ca, 78Kr, and 238U beams.

Fig.2 Observed temperature image in the 15-mm-thickrotating Be target with 100 rpm bombarded by 48Ca with
420 pnA.

Fig.3 The downstream side of the 3-mm-thick Be target
bombarded by a 238U beam with 38 pnA after theexperiment.
References

1) A. Yoshida et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 655, 10(2011) and their references.
2) Z. Korkulu et al.: In this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Temperaturemeasurements
measurements ofof thethe highhigh power
power beamTemperature
beamdump
dumpofofthe
theBigRIPSBigRIPS
separator
separator
K. Yoshida,䠆1 Y. Yanagisawa,䠆1 Z. Korkulu,*1 H. Takeda,䠆1 K. Kusaka,䠆1 M. Ohtake,䠆1 N. Fukuda,䠆1 H. Suzuki,䠆1
D. S. Ahn,䠆1 Y. Shimizu,䠆1 T. Sumikama,䠆1 N. Inabe,䠆1 and T. Kubo䠆1
The high-power beam dump1,2) that stops intense primarybeams from the super-conducting cyclotron SRC is one of
the crucial devices of the BigRIPS fragment separator. The
beam dump consists of the side dump and the exit dump.
The two exit beam dumps, for an intense 238U beam and forthe other beams, were designed to handle various ion beams
with intensities up to 1 pPA.2) Two exit dumps had the samestructure except for the distance from the dump surface andthe cooling channel; 1 mm for 238U and 3 mm for the other.
The latter exit beam dump and the side dump wereconstructed in 2007. Since then, it has been successfully
operated with various beams including a 238U beam
although the available beam intensity was low. The designof the beam dumps was based on the sophisticated thermal
model simulation1,2) and its validity has not been verified
because the available beam intensity was not so high.
Recently the intense 48Ca beam became available. As thefirst step of the evaluation of the cooling capacity of thebeam dump, the temperature measurements of the exit beam
dump were performed with the intense 48Ca beam.
The inner-side exit beam dump1,2) that was made by the
Cu-Cr-Zr alloy and the M8 screw threads were formed as
the cooling channels was irradiated by the 48Ca beam withan energy of 345 MeV/n and intensity of 460 pnA. Cooled
water with a temperature of 13 Υ, pressure of 1.0 MPa,and flow speed of 10 m/s were supplied to the dump as thecoolant. Temperatures are measured by using athermocouple (T. C.) mounted on the dump at 3 mm behindthe dump surface. By changing the position of the dump,
horizontal distribution of the temperature was measured
against the beam spot. Various beam heat densities wereobtained by tuning the first superconducting quadrupole
triplet STQ1 located upstream of the dump. The spot sizesof the beam at the dump were estimated from the primarybeam profile (size and angle) measured separately at thesecond focus F2 located at the downstream of the dump.
The first order matrix of the ion optics of the BigRIPS
separator was used for the estimation.
In Fig.1, the observed temperatures are shown for threedifferent beam spot sizes, resulting in the different heatdensities. The results of finite element calculations using
the ANSYS code3) are also shown in the figure. In thecalculations, thermal conductivity was assumed to be aconstant at 375 W/mK. The heat transfer coefficient of thecooling channel was also assumed to be 90 - 130 kW/m2K
for wall temperatures of 15 - 180Υ, which corresponded tothree times larger values of that of smooth tube with same
diameter (ȭ8). 4) The heat transfer coefficient of the smoothtube was calculated with the JAERI formula.5) As seen in
the lower panels of Fig. 1, a good agreement was obtained
between the results of the thermal model simulation and theobserved temperatures. It suggests that the estimation of thecooling capacity of the beam dump is reasonable sincesimilar model calculations were made in the estimation.

Fig.1 Beam dump temperatures for various beam sizes. Dots are measured values and lines and 2D figures are the results of the ANSYS calculations.
䠆1

References

RIKEN Nishina Center

1) N. Fukuda et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 119 (2008).
2) K. Yoshida et al., Nucl. Instr. Methods B 317, 373 (2013).
3) ANSYS Inc. Product Release 15.0, USA.
4) K. Masaki et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62, 171 (2002).
5) J. Boscary et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 43, 147 (1998).
- 159 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production of low-energy 4.17 MeV/nucleon 9 C beam with
polyethylene degrader at RIPS
E. Milman,∗1,∗3 T. Teranishi,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2 K. Abe,∗4 Y. Akiyama,∗1,∗2 D. Beaumel,∗1,∗5
S. Chebotaryov,∗1,∗3 T. Fukuta,∗1,∗2 A. Galindo-Uribarri,∗6 S. Hayakawa,∗4 S. Hwang,∗7 Y. Ichikawa,∗1
N. Imai,∗4 D. Kahl,∗4 R. Kaku,∗1,∗2 T. Kaneko,∗1,∗8 D. Kim,∗1,∗9 W. Kim,∗3 N. Kitamura,∗4 Y. Norimatsu,∗1,∗2
E. Romero-Romero,∗6 D. Sakae,∗1,∗2 Y. Sakaguchi,∗4 M. Sasano,∗1 K. Tateishi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 K. Yamada,∗1,∗8
and H. Yamaguchi∗4
Theoretically, four low-lying 10 N levels are expected
as broad and overlapping resonances1,2) . The levelstructure of 10 N is very important to understand resonances in 10 Li because 10 N and 10 Li are the mirror
nuclei expected to have a similar structure. The information of 10 Li levels can be used to constrain the9
Li+n potential, which is required for constructing thethree-body model of the borromean nucleus 11 Li.
We proposed to measure the excitation function ofthe (differential) cross section and vector analyzing
power (Ay ) for the 9 C+p reaction to determine thesebroad resonances3) . The thick-target method in inverse kinematics4) will be used for the measurement.
In this method, the excitation functions for the crosssection and Ay will be scanned with a single beam energy utilizing the energy loss of the beam particle in
the target. The range of center-of-mass energy is set to
1−5 MeV to cover the theoretically expected groundstate of 10 N and several excited states.
In September 2015, a test 9 C+p resonant scatteringexperiment was conducted at RIPS, where the production of a low-energy 9 C beam was tested and theexcitation function was measured with an unpolarized
polyethylene ((CH2 )n ) target. A 9 C beam was produced using a 70-MeV/nucleon 12 C primary beam withan intensity of 400 particle-nA and a 4-mm Be primarytarget at RIPS. The configuration of RIPS is describedin Ref. [5]. A wedge-type degrader with d/R at 0.8,
where d is the central thickness of the degrader and R
is the range of 9 C with a central momentum, was used
at F1 to degrade the 9 C beam energy. In order to realize a high transmission efficiency of 9 C from F1 to F2, aconventional aluminum F1 degrader was replaced witha new (CH2 )n degrader, because the multiple scattering effect, which is serious at d/R ∼0.8, can be highly
reduced with a low-Z material.
The central thickness of the (CH2 )n degrader was set
to 316 mg/cm2 so that the energy loss of the 9 C beam
was equal to the energy loss in the standard Al de∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
CNS, The University of Tokyo
IPN Orsay
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
JAEA
Department of Physics, Toho University
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University- 160 -

grader with 444 mg/cm2 thickness. The wedge angle ofthe degrader was set to 5 mrad based on the LISE++
code6) calculation.The intensity of the 9 C beam wasmeasured at F2 for the two cases using the standard
Al degrader and the (CH2 )n degrader at F1. The latter was 1.8 times higher than the former, which shows
improvement of transmission using the low-Z material
for the F1 degrader.
The 9 C beam energy was determined using the timeof- flight (ToF) measured between a 0.5-mm-thick plastic scintillator installed at F2 and one of two positionsensitive Parallel Plate Avalanche Counters (PPAC)at the F3 focal plane. The energy of the 9 C beam was
precisely controlled by a rotatable thin polyethylene
degrader installed at the F2 focal plane. The correction for the energy loss in the PPACs was calculated
based on the SRIM code7) . The beam energy determined in this analysis was 4.17 MeV/nucleon with anenergy spread of σ = 0.73 MeV/nucleon.
The identification of the secondary beam particles
was conducted based on the RF and ToF information.
Thus the measured purity and intensity of the 9 C beam
were 15% and 2.4 × 104 pps at F3, respectively. These
purity and intensity values are sufficiently high for theplanned resonant scattering experiment.
In conclusion, a 4.17-MeV/nucleon 9 C beam was
successfully produced with a thick F1 degrader at
RIPS. In the experiment, the transmission of the degraded beam was improved by suppressing multiple
scattering effects in the thick F1 degrader using a lowZ material.
References
1) S. Aoyama, K. Kato, K. Ikeda, Phys. Lett. B 414, 13(1997).
2) E. Caurier et al., Phys. Rev. C 66, 024314 (2002).
3) T. Teranishi, S. Sakaguchi, T. Uesaka et al., AIP Conf.
Proc. 1525, 552 (2013).
4) K.P. Artemov et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 52, 408 (1990).
5) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 70, 309 (1992).
6) O. B. Tarasov, D. Bazin, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 266, 4657
(2008).
7) J.F. Ziegler, M.D. Ziegler, J.P. Biersak, Nucl. Instr.
Meth. B 268, 1818 (2010).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

SpiRITROOT: an analysis framework for the SπRIT experiment
G. Jhang,∗1,∗2 J. W. Lee,∗1,∗2 G. Cerizza,∗2 T. Isobe,∗3 and M. B. Tsang∗2 for the SπRIT collaboration
The main detector in the SπRIT(SAMURAI pion
Reconstruction and Ion Tracker) experiment is the
SπRIT-TPC (time projection chamber)1) . The GET
electronics2) as front-end readout electronics reads the
charge and time with 12,096 pad electrodes of the TPC
and stores structured binary-encoded data. To decodeand analyze this data in a consistent and systematicmanner, we provide a software framework to the collaborators that accounts for both simulation and data
analysis.
SpiRITROOT is the analysis framework for the
SπRIT experiment developed on the structure of FairRoot4) . FairRoot provides a highly modulized programming environment that allows developers to maintain the code in an organized manner and to simplify
the analysis process for users. SpiRITROOT has twoparts: the simulation and the experimental data flow.
A Schematic of these parts is shown in Fig. 1. Each
rectangle indicates a stage inside the software framework. Each stage has entries (blue text) corresponding
to tasks.
In the simulation data flow, collision events generated by external programs such as PHITS5) andpBUU6) are fed to SpiRITROOT to simulate the detector response through the GEANT4 package. After
simulating the events, the digitization stage takes overwith its three tasks: drift task, pad response task, andelectronics task. The drift task calculates the numberof ionized electrons, their drift time, and their dispersion from the ionized point. The pad response task
calculates the amplification and dispersion by the anode wires. Finally, the electronics task simulates the
response pulse from the electronics using a reference
pulse measured from the cosmic data.
In the experimental data flow, the data are read by
the unpacker stage. The GETDecoder task unpacks
the binary data, while the STConverter task maps thesignals of each channel to each pad. In addition, theANAROOT task has been added to unpack and decode
data from RIBFDAQ, which contains information fromthe KATANA and multiplicity trigger arrays7) .
The reconstruction stage is common to both dataflows. The pulse shape analysis task analyzes theshaped pulse from the electronics to find the hit position and energy loss. The hit clustering task collects groups of hits satisfying certain criteria, such as
proximity between hits, into clusters to determine theclosest position to the ionized point. The linear tracking task, developed mainly to identify tracks and an∗1
∗2
∗3

Department of Physics, Korea University
NSCL, Michigan State University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 161 -

alyze the commissioning experiment data, is used to
fit the straight tracks and determine the reaction vertices. The Riemann tracking task identifies and separates the tracks in the event and provides approximate
track parameters, such as the curvature and dip angle,
using a simple helix fit. Finally, the GENFIT9) task
analyzes the tracks using a Kalman filtering algorithm
and provides information on physical observables suchas momentum, mass, and charge to perform particle
identification taking into account the energy loss.
SpiRITROOT is working successfully in analyzing
the experimental data. One of the useful tools provided to the users for online analysis is the event display, which allows to visualize the reconstructed eventsin 3D. The brief report on commisssioning experimentand one example of 3D-reconstructed collision eventare presented in Ref.8)
Simulation
GEANT4

Experimental
Data

Digitization

Unpacker

Drift
Pad Response
Electronics

GETDecoder
STConverter
ANAROOT

Reconstruction
Pulse Shape Analysis
Hit ClusteringLinear Tracking
Riemann Tracking
GENFIT
Simlation
data flow

PhysicalObservables

Experimental
data flow

Fig. 1. Simple description of the data flow in SpiRITROOT. Both the simulation and experimental data are
analyzed in the single framework.

References
1) R. Shane et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 784, 513 (2015).
2) E. Pollacco et al., Phys. Procedia 37, 1799 (2013).
3) T. Isobe et al., in this report.
4) M. Al-Turany et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 396, 022001(2012).
5) T. Sato et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50:9, 913-923(2013)
6) J. Hong and P. Danielewicz, Phys. Rev. C 90, 024605(2014).
7) M. Kaneko et al., in this report.
8) M. Kurata-Nishimura et al., in this report.
9) C. Höppner et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 620, 518 (2010).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Construction of readout system for SPiRIT-TPC
T. Isobe,∗1 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 M. Kaneko,∗2 T. Murakami,∗2 W.G. Lynch,∗3 J. Barney,∗3
J. Estee,∗3 S. Tangwancharoen,∗3 G. Jhang,∗4 and J.W. Lee∗4 for the SPiRIT Collaboration
SPiRIT Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is being constructed for the study of density dependent
symmetry energy using heavy RI collision at RIKENRIBF1) . A novel readout system, General Electronics
for TPC (GET)2) , for the signal coming from the TPC
has been employed for the SPiRIT-TPC3) .
At the end of summer 2015, 48 AsAd boards for theamplification and digitization of signal were mounted
on the TPC as shown in the Picture 1. During the
installation of AsAd boards, the performance of thesystem was carefully checked. After we mounted halfof the electronic components, we found that there werelarge gain deviations between different pads. This wasa serious problem for the TPC, as TPC needs a uniform gain so that it can achieve good tracking andproper triggering. The reason for this was the instability in the power that was provided to the AGET ASIC
chips on the readout board, which can be improvedby changing the components on the AsAd board. After this modification, we mounted all the boards on
the TPC again and checked the uniformity of gain bypulsing the ground wire, which generates a potential
around the amplification region. As shown in Fig. 2,
the uniformity of the gain is good enough for the reconstruction of charged particle trajectories.

Fig. 1. GET electronics mounted on SPiRIT TPC. Each
AsAd board is shielded with Al cover.

The GET system employs NARVAL4) as DAQ system, GANIL run control (RC), and GANIL user interface (UI). We employ the GANIL RC and graphical
UI for controlling SPiRIT system. In order to control RIBF-DAQ along with GET in the same frame∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University
Department of Physics, Korea University

Fig. 2. Gain uniformity of TPC pads. 5.3V signal ispulsed through the ground wire of TPC. Out of
108×112=12096 pads, 3 pads show lower gain whileother pads show good gain uniformity.

work, a software of the SOAP server that communicates with GANIL RC was developed. As demonstrated in the graphical UI shown in Fig. 3, a user
can control the CoBo boards, which are back-end electronics of GET, as well as RIBF-DAQ system named
Babirl/GTO. Fig. 3 also demonstrates the DAQ data
throughput on the disk of ∼100 MB/s/CoBo, whichcorresponds to 1.2 GB/s in total.

Fig. 3. Graphical UI of SPiRIT DAQ. Babirl, which is
RIBF common DAQ system, and GTO can be controlled through this UI.

The commissioning of the readout system including
SPiRIT-TPC was carried out during 2015 fall as reported in this annual report.
References
1) S. Rebecca et al., Nucl. Inst. and Met. A 784, 513(2015).
2) E. Pollacco et al., Physics Procedia 37, 1799 (2012).
3) T. Isobe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 204 (2015).
4) X. Grave., Proc. 14th IEEE NPSS RT Conf, 65(2005).

- 162 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Multiplicity trigger array for the SπRIT experiment
M. Kaneko,∗1 ∗2 T. Murakami,∗1 T. Isobe,∗2 M. Kurata-Nishimura∗2 for the SπRIT collaboration∗1∗2

Department of Physics, University of Kyoto
RIKEN Nishina Center

result will be compared with the user set threshold of
multiplicity and generate a trigger signal within about
52 ns for the whole VME-EASIROC module.
In the fall of 2015, the SπRIT-TPC was commissioned by performing an experiment using a 79 Se beam
impinging on Al and Sn targets. The SπRIT-TPC was
setup outside the SAMURAI magnet and surroundedby the multiplicity trigger array. The histogram in
Fig.2 shows charged particle multiplicity with the condition of coincidence between at least one hit in themultiplicity trigger array and the beam start counter
located just upstream of the TPC. It is clear that mostof the events had low multiplicity originating due tonon-central collisions. In perspective of the real experiment, analyzing commissioning data is crucial to findthe optimal trigger conditions for rejecting peripheraltype collisions.4)

Fig. 1. One-sided view of multiplicity trigger array.

Multiplicity plot on Mtriggerarray on 79Se+Al
countsIn the SπRIT (SAMURAI pion Reconstruction and
Ion Tracker) experiment, it is important to identify
the charged pions that are generated from heavy ion
collisions of high centrality and reconstruct their momenta to determine the π + /π − ratio, which contains
information on the nuclear symmetry energy. To accumulate data that focuses on symmetry energy, it is also
important for the trigger system to have sensitivity to
the event centrality. As it is well known that the impact parameter correlates with multiplicity of the collision, higher-centrality collisions are extractable preferentially by triggering events with high multiplicity.
While detail analysis on charged particle multiplicity
will be necessary through SπRIT-TPC,1) the impact
parameter within at least 5 fm as a central collisionmust be survived at the stage of triggering.
We have developed an trigger detector sensitive
to multiplicity for the SπRIT-TPC data acquisition,
which is called the ”multiplicity trigger array”. Thisdetector consists of 30 extruded scintillator bars thatare in close contact with both sides of the TPC, whichis shown in Fig.1 as enclosed with an orange dotted
line, using 60 bars in total. The walls of the TPC are
1mm thick aluminum windows allowing light fragment
particles from the reaction to pass through and be detected by the external triggering system. The dimensions of each scintillator bar are 450 mm*50 mm*10
mm, which are coated with oxidized titanium to improve light reflection. Each bar has a hole of about
1.5 mmϕ centered along its length for a wave length
shifting fiber. The collected light will be detected by
1.3 mm2 MPPC attached to the ends of the fiber.
For readout electronics, the VME-EASIROC2) isused. This module was developed by Tohoku and KEKgroup in 2014, for the readout of multi-MPPC detector systems. EASIROC (Extended Analogue Silicon
PhotoMultiplier ReadOut Chip) is used for 32 photodiodes readout developed by Omega in France.3) Eachchip has a parallel circuit of preamplifiers, shapers, anddiscriminators. VME-EASIROC has two EASIROC
chips on the board and is capable of reading out 64
MPPCs. The parameters of the EASIROC are variably controlled by the onboard FPGA communicating
via an SiTCP connection to another computer. We
can also obtain the information of the MPPC signal by
the ADC onboard chip and the MHTDC logic implemented in the FPGA. The calculation logic for multiplicity is located on the FPGA, which is done bycounting the number of discriminator signals that surpass the threshold value. After the calculation, theh1EntriesMean
Std Dev

105

1578481.074
0.3874

104

103

102

10

1
0

5

10

15

20

25
30
the number of hit scinti.

Fig. 2. Multiplicity plot of charged particle detected bymultiplicity trigger array in the 79 Se commissioning run.

References
1) R. Shane et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 784, 513 (2015).
2) T. Shiozaki: Master’s thesis, Department of Physics,
Tohoku university (2014).
3) Omega group. EASIROC DATA SHEET. (2011).
4) M. Kurata-Nishimura et al.: in this report.

- 163 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Performance test of the silicon tracker for the heavy-ion-proton
experiments at SAMURAI

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

A
Cluster sum [MeV]

132Xe secondary beamB(dE) ~ 1.4%
ToF [a.u.]

Cluster sum [MeV]C

Protons@ 230 MeV

Deposited energy [keV]

Measured dE [MeV]DCountsAn essential component of the future setup of theheavy-ion-proton (HI-p) experiments1) at SAMURAI
will be an array of GLAST-type2) single-sided silicon
strip detectors (SSDs) situated downstream of the target. These detectors will be used for precise tracking and identification of outgoing protons and heavy
residues. Each detector is 325 µm thick and has dimensions of 87.6 × 87.6 mm2 with a readout-pitch sizeof 864 µm. A key feature of the SSDs is their wide dynamic range, which allows for simultaneous detectionof protons and heavy ions, which deposit to a single
SSD energy ranging from ∼100 keV up to several hundreds MeV, respectively. This feature is achieved via
custom-designed ASIC dual-gain preamplifiers providing low-gain (LG) and high-gain (HG) readouts coupled to the high-density processing circuit HINP3) .
A performance test with the SSDs and their new
electronics was conducted at the HIMAC facility inJapan, using beams of protons with energies between
150 and 230 MeV as well as heavy-ion beams 12 C, 84 Kr,
and 132 Xe (primary and secondary) at a few hundreds
MeV/u. Only 32 central strips out of the 128 strips ofa single sensor were fully instrumented by the newly
designed ASIC preamplifiers, and only those channels
were read-out during the experiment.
The results of the performance test are summarized
in Fig. 1. Using the secondary beam, obtained byfragmentation of the primary 132 Xe at an energy of
200 MeV/u (see PID plot in Fig. 1(A,B)), the response of the LG readout was investigated for a wide
range of nuclear charge Z. A good linearity of the
LG readout was observed (Fig. 1(D)) along with adeposited-energy dE resolution of σ(dE/E) ≈ 1.4%,
which is close to the designed value. The cross-talk ratio between a fired and a neighbouring strip is found tobe ∼1% after the add-back analysis combining HG and
LG data. Saturation of the LG readout was observed
at dE  650 MeV, although the reconstruction of evenlarger dE was possible owing to a certain amount ofinterstrip hits in which dE is divided between the adjacent strips.
The performance of the HG readout was tested with
12
C and proton beams. Good linearity of the HG dynamic range was confirmed. The required detection

CountsV. Panin,∗1 M. Kurokawa,∗1 K. Yoneda,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 J. C. Blackmon,∗2 Z. Elekes,∗3 Z. Halász,∗3 D. H. Kim,∗4
T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 B. C. Rasco∗2 A. Saastamoinen,∗5 L. G. Sobotka,∗6 L. Trache,∗7 and T. Uesaka∗1

Linearity check

Calculated dE [MeV]Fig. 1. Performance results of the silicon tracker in the HIMAC test experiment. Figure A: particle identification(PID) of the secondary beam from 132 Xe at 200 MeV/u,
where dE measured by the SSD (cluster sum after the
add-back) is plotted against the time of flight (ToF).
Figure B: dE response of the SSD with the indicatedresolution σ(dE) for the selected species in Figure A
and the multiple-gauss fit (red line). Figure C: dE response of the HG readout with respect to 230 MeV
protons and Landau fit (red line). Figure D: comparison of the measured and calculated dE response in the
SSD (symbols) with a linear fit (red line).

threshold of dE  100 keV for protons can be achieved
with the present configuration. The total detection efficiency of protons was found to be above 97%. Thus,
it is confirmed that the combined dynamic range of thedetector spans from ∼100 keV to ∼650 MeV, which inperspective would allow the simultaneous detection of
protons and Z ≈ 50 heavy ions at RIBF energies.
The design and production of the missing preamplifier circuits is currently in progress and is expected tobe completed in 2016. Hence, a sufficient amount ofdual-gain readouts will be provided for all four silicon
trackers (i.e., 4 × 128 = 512 strips) intended for theactual HI-p experiments.
References
1) V. Panin et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., Vol 48(2015), 53.
2) R. Bellazzini et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A,
Vol. 512 (2003), 136-142.
3) G. L. Engel et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A, Vol,
573 (2007), 418-426.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Louisiana State University
Institute for Nuclear Research, MTA Atomki
Ewha Womans University
Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University
Washington University
IFIN-HH- 164 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Developmentfor
for proton
proton detector
Development
detectorNINJA
NINJAatVME-EASIROCreadout
readout
atSAMURAI
SAMURAImagnet
magnet gap
gap with VME-EASIROC
N. Chiga,＊1 T. Saito,＊1,＊2 T.Isobe,＊1 and H. Otsu＊1
SAMURAI has various properties for nuclear
spectroscopic studies. Up to now, experimental programs
measuring heavy residual and neutrons in coincidence havebeen performed. On the other hand, projectile velocity
protons have not been considered for coincidence
measurement since they cannot go to the downstream of themagnet due to the strong focusing by the SAMURAI
magnet. Therefore, a new proton detector arrayNINJA(Nimble detector array for Nucleons with JAck-knife
like trajectory) have been constructed. The NINJA locatedinside the SAMURAI gap and can be operated under thestrong magnetic field of SAMURAI. NINJA enables us toprovide exotic decay channels such as d-bar (singlet s state
on p + n system) decay from excited states of nuclei. It isalso expected to detect one of the protons from the (p,2p)
reaction at forward angle combined with the SAMURAIMINOS configuration.
Properties of NINJA are shown in Tab. 1. Geometry of
NINJA was designed to be used on various experiment
without interfering with other particle trajectories than thatof protons.
Table 1. Specifications of NINJA
Structure of detector
1 X-layer, 1 Y-layer
Scintillator
EJ-200Formation of Scintillator
X-layer (18 slats)
60×720 mm2×10 mmt
Y-layer (12 slats)
60×1100 mm2×10 mmt
Readout structure
WLS,MPPC(double side)
Readout circuit
VME-EASIROC
Slide limit
800 mmCable length
Vacuum side：4.5 m
Atmosphere side：0.5 m

Fig. 1: NINJA inside the SAMURAI Gap.

The NINJA consists of plastic scintillator with opticalreadout by MPPC mounted at top and bottom side throughwave length shift fiber (WLS) KURARAY YB-5. The WLS
is mounted on backside ditch of the plastic scintillator. At
both ends of the WLS, dedicated connectors1), are attached
so as to be connect MPPCs optically. The signals from
MPPCs are read-out by the EASIROC circuit2)
implemented on VME bus. In parallel this readout, we
separately prepared a hand-made single channel readout
circuit to obtain the response of MPPC and their HVdependence of readout efficiency.
A supporting structure of the NINJA was designed to＊1＊2compose the array within 25 mm in depth. The size of the
supporting structure is minimized to enlarge the active areaof NINJA.
Readout cable layout were determined by estimating it on
a CAD software. Low consumption cable at high frequency(S-02162-B) was chosen for vacuum side. The signals aretransmitted through a vacuum feed through attached at thebottom side of the extension duct of the SAMURAI gap
chamber. From the feed through to the read-out circuit, the
LEMO-16 pair exchange cables with 50 cm length and 17
pair to 34 pair cables with 20 cm is used to minimize thelength of the cables. The high voltages for each MPPCs aresupplied via hand-made AC coupled circuit connected to theexchange cable.
The support structure of NINJA can be slid along a rail
which is mounted inside the SAMURAI vacuum chamberas shown in Fig. 1. The position of the detector can be
determined depending on trajectories of protons, which are
given by the magnetic field and proton momenta in interest.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo- 165 -In the last experiment3),4), the position is optimized for the
200 MeV protons with a 2.4T of SAMURAI magnetic field.
From this experiment, we found that noise reduction isnecessary so as to use NINJA as a trigger source, while itworks well as a parasitic detector. The NINJA will be used
to every SAMURAI experiment with n-HI coincidence
configuration.
References

1) H. Kawamuko et al., Proceedings of science PoS (PD07)043(2007).
2) T. Shiozaki, “Development of a MPPC multi-channel readout
system for the Σp scattering experiment”, Master's thesis,
Tohoku university (2014).
3) S. Takeuchi et al., in this report.
4) Y. Kondo, et al., in this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Frame design for the γ-ray detector array CATANA
N. Chiga,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 M. Shikata,∗1,∗2 T. Ozaki,∗1,∗2 A. T. Saito,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2 andY. Togano∗1,∗2
The γ-ray detector array CATANA1) is being constructed to measure the E1 response of the neutronrich nuclei. 200 CsI(Na) detectors compose CATANA,
and are conﬁgured the packed layout (barrel shape) torealize the high detection eﬃciency and position resolution. This report describes the design of the CATANA
frame and its concepts.
Since CATANA will be used in many experimentswith SAMURAI, The frame should have the highmaintainability and ﬂexibility. The CsI(Na) crystals
will be conﬁgured to have a barrel like structure (CsIunit) to achieve the high eﬃciency as shown in the left
side of Fig. 1. To achieve the high maintainability,
the 10 detectors will be supported by a frame shownin the right side of Fig. 1 , and the barrel like conﬁguration will be realized by using 20 CsI units. The
CsI(Na) crystal and PMT are connected by using an
inlaid support on the top of the crystal. An O-ring is
put for light shielding between the inlaid support andthe crystal. The detector is connected to the CsI unit
by a jig. Individual detector can be easily removed
from the CsI unit, for the high maintainability. Fine
adjustment of the detector positions can be done on
the CsI unit. The total weight of the CsI unit is about
25 kg so as to handle it without a crane operation. A
side plate of CsI unit has numerous small holes for theeasy and clean cabling.
Figure 2 shows the main frame of the CATANA(left) and half of the top part (right). The CsI unit
is mounted on the main frame by a guide attached tothe main frame. The guide is made of a synthetic resin
to isolate the CsI unit electrically. The frame widthalong the beam line and the frame height are 59 cm
and 276 cm, respectively. The width is almost halfof the present DALI frame2) , so as to put a reaction
target closer to the SAMURAI magnet. The wholeframe can be craned by using eyebolts on the main
frame. The top part of the main frame can be opened
to the direction perpendicular to the beam line for easier work around the reaction target put at the centerof CATANA. The shaft for the opening is a trapezoidal
screw to ﬁx the position of the frame without any locking mechanism. Ladders for cables are put on a plate
to support the CsI unit (shown in purple in Fig. 2).
The bottom part of the main frame has space at bothsides to put a high-voltage power supply for PMTs
and/or circuits for signal processing. The space follows the EIA standard for 19-inch racks. The parts forseismic reinforcement are put under the main frame.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology- 166 -The oﬀsets of heights can also be attached under themain frame, to cope with the diﬀerent beam-line height
depending on the focal planes such as F8 of BigRIPS.
The CATANA frame construction is now in progress.

Beam

Fig. 1. Configuration of CsI(Na) detectors in CATANA(left) and the support frame for 10 detectors (right).

Beam

Fig. 2. The frame of CATANA with 200 CsI(Na) crystals.

References
1) Y. Togano et al.: RIKEN. Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 179(2013).
2) S. Takeuchi et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 763, 596(2014).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Status of the (p, 2p) silicon tracker for upcoming fission experimentswith the SAMURAI spectrometer
S. Reichert,∗1,∗2 M. Sako,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2 D. Mücher,∗3 H. Baba,∗2 C. Berner,∗1 M. Böhmer,∗1 N. Chiga,∗2
R. Gernhäuser,∗1 W. F. Henning,∗4 T. Kobayashi,∗5 Y. Kubota,∗2,∗6 R. Lang,∗1 L. Maier,∗1 V. Panin,∗2
L. Stuhl,∗2 E. Takada,∗7 T. Uesaka,∗2 L. Werner, ∗1 and J. Yasuda∗2,∗8

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Department of Physics, Technical University Munich
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Guelph
ANL
Department of Physics, Tohoku University
Center for Nuclear Studies, University of Tokyo
NIRS
Kyushu University- 167 -b)

# of counts# of counts(pedestal run).

ADC value

For studying the fission induced by the (p, 2p) reaction with RI beams of heavy unstable nuclei1) , a (p, 2p)
setup with high missing mass resolution will be installed2,3) . Therefore a collaboration between RIKEN
and TUM is developing two major new detector components: A time-of-flight (TOF) detector assembly todetermine the energy of light charged particles, and asilicon tracker array presented here. Typical energiesof the detected protons range 80 to 200 MeV, resulting
in a low energy loss of 60 to 150 keV.
The silicon tracker is a two-arm setup with three layers of 100 µm thick, single-sided strip detectors witha pitch of 100 µm3) . The strips of the first two layers are oriented vertically to determine the first-orderpolar angles, while the third layer strips are oriented
horizontally. With an additional beam tracking bydrift chambers in front of the target, we derive highresolution reconstruction for both polar and azimuthal
angles. Results of Geant4 simulations with 3-mm-thick
CH2 show an expected angular resolution of σ ∼ 3
mrad.
The silicon wafers were designed by M. Sako andpurchased by RIKEN. They were sent to TUM in
November 2015. The PCB design and the electronics for readout are from TUM. Preliminary tests of theindividual detector PCBs were conducted in Munich
before the PCBs were subsequently shipped to Japan
where integration into the BABIRL DAQ system was
performed.
For one detector, maximum trigger rates of 15 kHz in
raw data mode and 50 kHz in zero suppressed, pedestal
corrected mode (normal mode) were achieved. These
rates are currently limited by the data transfer to the
BABIRL-DAQ computer and have to be scaled downby the number of detectors for the full setup to 1 kHz.
Using a coincidence trigger signal from beam tracking
detectors and the abovementioned TOF detectors, we
expect only rates below 100 Hz in a typical experimental scenario at HIMAC and RIBF.
The small energy loss in the silicon renders the detector noise level a critical issue. The noise level canbe evaluated in raw data mode with random triggers

Bonded pad of
the APV with

9450

9500

ADC valuec)

Unbonded padof the APV with

9450

9500

ADC valuea)

APV channels

Fig. 1. Pedestal run of the first layer with 768 strips. Herethey are divided into 12 groups representing the 12
APV25s with 128 channels each (64 bonded).

Figure 1(a) shows the ADC values for all the APVchannels used for the detector in the first layer where
every second channel is bonded. Typical noise levels
for bonded channels are in the range of σ = 10 ADC
units, see Fig. 1(b), while the unbonded, reference
channels in Fig. 1(c) show a more narrow distributionof σ = 5 ADC units. With a calibration of 0.5 to 0.6
keV per ADC unit, we expect a signal to noise ratioof 10:1 in the experiment. Recently performed runsof cosmic ray measurements (energy loss of 35 keV)validate this expectation, and the protons were clear
above the set 5 σ thresholds.
This new setup was tested at the end of
February 2016 at HIMAC with the reactions of
16
O(p, 2p)15 N and 132 Xe(p, 2p) fission each with E =290 MeV/nucleon and 105 pps in inverse kinematic.
In particular, for the first reaction we will be able todemonstrate the missing mass spectroscopy based on
our setup by reconstructing kinetic curves for the firstexcited state at 6.3 MeV with an uncertainty better
than σ = 1 MeV.
References
1) D. Mücher, M. Sasano et al.: Proposal RIBF NP-PAC12 Fission Barrier Studies of Neutron-Rich Nuclei via
the (p,2p) Reaction (2013).
2) D. Mücher, S. Reichert et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.
48 (2015).
3) S. Reichert, M. Sako et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.
48 (2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of the He-filling system for the SAMURAI
spectrometer
V. Panin,∗1 S. Chebotaryov,∗1,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗3 Z. Elekes,∗4 N. Chiga,∗1 and H. Otsu∗1

C air (t) =C O2 (t)× 100%,
20.9%

Start
10 l/minConcentration [%]

100

(1)

where 20.9% is the C O2 in the air at normal conditions.
Hence, the He concentration is determined as:
C He (t) = 100% − C air (t).

(2)

The results of the gas-replacement test are summarized in Fig. 1. The total time of gas ventilation required to reach C He ≈95% (or C O2 ≈1%) was around3 h and 35 min with an average input He-flow Fin ≈20
L/min.
The air replacement as a function of time t is described by the basic room-purge equation:
C air (t) = C air (t0 ) exp(−
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Fin
(t − t0 )),V(3)

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National Universityty
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Institute for Nuclear Research, MTA Atomki- 168 -

80

14 l/min20 l/minStop
95%

Helium

60
40

20
0
100

Concentration [%]In the upcoming Light-Ion experiments SAMURAI
12/13 and in the HI-Proton experiments SAMURAI
24/25/28/29, the SAMURAI gap will be filled by He
at 1 atm pressure, as required by the use of largesized windows at the entrance and exit ends of thespectrometer to maximize its angular acceptance.
A test window was constructed with the total areaof 1200 × 3340 mm2 , which can replace the existing
window for outgoing charged particles. The chosenmaterial for the He-window was the 100-µm PET film
KEL86W.
To validate the design of the He-window and the airreplacement method, a He filling test was performed
using a test chamber with volume V ≈1.4 m3 . The
PET film was superposed onto a 2-mm rubber frameand both were attached to the chamber’s flange by asegmented metal frame to provide sufficient gas tightness. He was injected into the chamber and the airHe mixture was ejected to the atmosphere through theoutlet port on the opposite side of the chamber. Timedependence of the absolute O2 concentration, C O2 (t),in the chamber was monitored by the O2 sensors witha precision of 0.1%. The sensors were placed at threedifferent heights: 2 cm (bottom), 27.5 cm (middle),
and 55 cm (top) in the center of the chamber to control the homogeneity of the He-air mixture. The O2
sensors were controlled via an external PC and theirdata were read out every 5 seconds.
The air concentration, C air (t), at every moment oftime t was determined as follows:

80

Air
95%

Helium

60
40
20
0

Air
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Time [min]Fig. 1. Top figure: time-dependence of the air (bold lines)
and He (faint lines) concentrations, derived from thedata of the bottom (red line), middle (blue line) andtop (black line) O2 sensors. Bottom figure: same as
the top figure, but the concentrations (He - red line,
air - blue line) are averaged between the three sensors.
The dashed curves in the bottom figure are calculatedusing equation 3. The vertical dashed lines indicate
the start and the end of He injection as well as thetime points when the injected He-flow changed to theindicated values.

where V is the volume of the chamber and t0 is thestart time of the ventilation. This function is plottedin the bottom graph of Fig.1 (dashed curves) and isin good agreement with the data. Based on this, one
can estimate for the SAMURAI gap with V ≈10 m3
and input He-flow Fin ≈20 L/min, the necessary time
to reach C He =95% is about 25 h with a consumptionof about 30 m3 of He-gas (at 1 atm).
No He leak was found after stopping the ventilationand sealing the chamber. C He and C O2 remained constant for at least 4 consecutive days. Moreover, nosignificant change in pressure (< 1mbar) was observed
during and after the ventilation.
In conclusion, good performance of the He-window
design and the feasibility of the applied gas-filling
method, which is in agreement with theoretical expectations, have been confirmed. In future, a large
exit window (5340×1000 mm2 ) will be constructed andtested with the SAMURAI gap under experimental
conditions.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Beta-delayedneutron
neutron measurement
measurement with new
Beta-delayed
new detector
detectorNiGIRINiGIRI
V.H. Phong,＊1,＊2 S. Nishimura,＊1 J. Liu,＊3 T. Lokotko,＊3 Z. Li,＊4 and J. Lee＊3
A new scintillation detector system NiGIRI1) (Neutron, ion
and gamma ray identification for Radioactive Isotope beam)
is under development to measure the energies of neutrons fordecay and reaction studies using the time-of-flighttechnique2). The design of the NiGIRI detector is based on anovel plastic scintillation material EJ-299-33, which has asuperior pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability3). Eachscintillator bar (30x55x127 mm3) is coupled by two PMTs
(Hamamatsu H11265-200 and R8520-20-12) allowing tolocate the interaction position along the scintillator bar fromthe time difference between two PMT signals.
A feasibility study of the NiGIRI has been conducted inconjunction with the newly developed plastic scintillator
strip detector (MaCi) coupled with the multianode PMT(Hamamatsu H8500B) as a start detector. An array of 26
NiGIRI detectors were arranged in a half-barrel
configuration surrounding the start detector and attached into
the EURICA support frame with a flight path ofapproximately 50 cm. The waveform output from eachdetector was recorded by four flash ADC modules (CAENV1730B) with a sampling rate of 2 ns synchronized with the
RIBF DAQ and EURICA DAQ by sharing the clock with
LUPO modules. A customized DAQ for the flash ADC withthe capability of processing high data throughput has beendeveloped.
Offline digital pulse processing was performed to extract
useful information such as timing and pulse height toreconstruct the implantation and decay position in the startdetector as well as time-of-flight between the start detector
and NiGIRI detectors in the sub-nano second resolution. By
applying a charge integration method with the optimized
parameters, a clear separation between neutrons and gamma
rays was obtained as shown in Fig. 1 while the time-of-fightwas obtained by using the pulse fitting method.
The test experiment has been carried out in the parasitic
mode with the SEASTAR campaign. Figure 1 shows theexperimental setup. The RI beam after reaction target at F8
focal plane and the Zero Degree Spectrometer (ZDS) tuned
for selecting isotopes around 95Kr was implanted into the
MaCi detector at the F11 focal plane while beta delayed
neutrons and gamma rays were measured by the NiGIRI and
the EURICA array.
Figure 2 shows the time-of-flight spectrum combining all
NiGIRI detectors with the decay curve reconstructed in the
MaCi detector for the beta-correlated gamma and neutron
events identified with NiGIRI detectors. The delayed neutron
events were selected by gating on a 200 ms window after the
RI implantation in MaCi. Possible high energy neutrons haveFig.1. A schematic view of the experimental setup employing
the NiGIRI and MaCi detectors (a). 252Cf source test: PSD
versus total integral. PSD cut (black lines) has been applied
to select neutron events (b). The time-of-flight spectrum
from all NiGIRI detectors after applying PSD cut (c) (small
tail prior to gamma ray peak appeared due to backscattering).

Fig.2. Combined neutron time-of-flight spectrum associatedwith the implantation of the RI beam in the MaCi detector.
The inserted figure shows the time correlation between decay
events and implantation events from the MaCi detector.
been detected from this spectrum.
Further analysis with the available spectroscopic
information of delayed gamma rays from EURICA isundergoing. The result from this test experiment is expected
to provide useful information for the upcoming BRIKEN
project to measure the beta-delayed neutron emission
probability.
References

1) H. Masuzwa et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48 (2016).
2) Matei et al.; Proceedings of Science, PoS (NIC IX), 138 (2008).
3) S. Nyibule et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 728, 36-39 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, Hanoi.
＊3
Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong
＊4
School of Physics, Peking University＊1＊2- 169 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Low-pressure MWDC system for ESPRI experiment (II)100
50

100 (a)Efficiency [%]50

0100 (c)
50 i-C4H10

Total
M1
C1

200
300
400
500
600
700
High voltage (cathode foils and potential wires) [-V]

Next, the dependence of these quantities on the
beam intensity and energy was investigated. The data
corresponding to 300 ×103 particles per pulse are plotted with closed markers in Fig. 1 and 2. The data indicate negligibe intensity dependence. This is becauseof a small cell size of 5 mm. The results for the 200
MeV/nucleon Xe beam were the same as above.
Finally, the detection eﬃciency for a cocktail beam
∗2
∗3
∗4

(b) C2H6

50 Torr
100 Torr
200 Torr(c) i-C4H10
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
High voltage (cathode foils and potential wires) [-V]

0
100
50
0
100
50
0

(a) CH4

Z=25
Z=35
Z=45

300 MeV/nucleon(b) C2H6200 MeV/nucleon(c) i-C4H10200 MeV/nucleon

200
300
400
500
600
700
High voltage (cathode foils and potential wires) [-V]

Fig. 3. Total detection eﬃciency at 50 Torr for secondary
beams. (a) CH4 , (b) C2 H6 , and (c) i-C4 H10 .

Fig. 1. Detection eﬃciency at 50 Torr for Xe beam. (a)CH4 , (b) C2 H6 , and (c) i-C4 H10 .

∗1(a) CH4CH40
100 (b)50 C2H6

0

150
100
50
0
100
50
0
100
50
0

Fig. 2. Position resolution at 50-200 Torr for Xe beam. (a)CH4 , (b) C2 H6 , and (c) i-C4 H10 .

Efficiency [%]Elastic scattering of protons with RI beams (ESPRI)
has been used to study the ground-state properties of
unstable nuclei1) . In ESPRI experiments, the trajectories of the RI beams, the energy and intensity of which
are respectively 200-300 MeV/nucleon and 105–6 particles per second, should be measured. Recently, in orderto improve the detection eﬃciency and tracking resolution, a low-pressure multi wire drift chamber (MWDC)
system was constructed2) . This report describes thecharacteristics evaluated with various beams ( 132 Xeand its secondary beams) and detector gases (CH4 ,C2 H6 , and i-C4 H10 ).
The experiment was performed at NIRS-HIMAC.
Figure 1 shows the detection eﬃciency for the 300
MeV/nucleon Xe beam when the pressure of each gas
was controlled at 50 Torr. The beam intensity was
5×103 particles per pulse (pulse width of 1 s). The
threshold voltage of the ASDs was −20 mV. The definition of symbols in Fig. 1 is the same as in Sec.
2.3 of Ref. 3. For all the gases, the eﬃciency reaches
100%. While the voltage increased with an increase in
the pressure, the voltage at ≤ 50 Torr was almost unchanged. Figure 2 shows the position resolution for an
X plane. For all gases at 50–200 Torr, the resolution
reaches about 50 µm (rms).

Position resolution [μm]Y. Matsuda,∗1,∗2 J. Zenihiro,∗2 S. Terashima,∗2,∗3 and H. Sakaguchi∗2,∗4

Department of Physics, Konan University
RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Technology, Beihang
University
RCNP, Osaka University- 170 -

was investigated. Figure 3 shows the total detection
eﬃciency for the Z =25, 35, and 40 particles when thepressure of each gas is 50 Torr. Except for the absolutevoltage, a speciﬁc diﬀerence of the tendency does notexist among the gases.
In summary, we evaluated the characteristics of alow-pressure MWDC system with heavy-ion beams.
The detection eﬃciency and position resolution reach
100% and about 50 µm, respectively, with all thetested gases (CH4 , C2 H6 , and i-C4 H10 ). These results
demonstrate that the constructed system is suitable asa beam tracker for ESPRI experiments, and the systemshows potential for experiments using various heavyion beams.
References
1) Y. Matsuda et al.,: Phys. Rev. C 87, 034614 (2013);
S. Terashima et al.,: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, xviii(2014).
2) Y. Matsuda et al.,: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 211(2015).
3) Y. Matsuda et al.,: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 670, 25 (2012).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of a new low-energy neutron detector with pulse shapediscrimination properties for (p,n) experiments

We are planning to investigate the spin-isospin responses of light nuclei near the neutron drip line1)
using a new experimental technique2) to measure the(p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics. This method has
already been successfully applied to 132 Sn isotope3) at
RIKEN. In these inverse kinematical reactions, the detection of recoil neutrons is crucial for missing mass
reconstruction, but it is affected by the high gammaray background (∼1 kHz). Therefore, reducing thebackground event rate is of high priority. To achievea higher signal-to-noise ratio in neutron detection, thepossibility of online separation of neutrons and gammas is a key challenge.4) One must ensure that only
useful (p,n) events are tagged during the experiment.
This helps in conducting experiments with higher intensity and efficiency at the same time.
We are designing a neutron detector system (as an
upgrade for WINDS5) (Wide-angle Inverse-kinematics
Neutron Detector for SHARAQ)) using new advantages of the plastic scintillator composition.6) From thevery beginning of neutron detection, pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between neutrons and gamma raysin plastic scintillators has been an unsolved problem.
The new EJ-299-34 type plastic scintillator7,8) by Eljen
Technology can perform neutron and gamma-ray discrimination neutron pulses contain more light in theirtail region than gamma-ray pulses. The first prototypeof large volume (30×5×2.5 cm3 ) plastic scintillator detector bars has already been designed and constructed.
It is wrapped with mylar foil and coupled to two Hamamatsu H7195 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at eachend.
PSD measurements were performed by irradiating
the scintillator with an unshielded 252 Cf source, which
was placed on the surface of the scintillator. The
charge integration method9) with analog electronics
was applied to perform PSD. The parameters of discrimination were empirically optimised. To quantify
the efficiency of the neutron and gamma peak separation of our scintillator bar, the Figure of Merit (FoM)
was obtained while projecting the bidimensional discrimination spectrum at a given energy. The FoM values were calculated in a manner similar to that described in Blanc et al.9)
The obtained PSD spectrum for the prototype detector is presented in Fig 1. FoM values of 0.77 at 300
keVee and 0.81 at 500 keVee energies were obtainedfor our large volume detector. A similar type of detec∗1∗2∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
CNS, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Kyushu University- 171 -Q tail / Q total

L. Stuhl,∗1 M. Sasano,∗1 K. Yako,∗2 J. Yasuda,∗3 and T. Uesaka∗1
0.6

0.55
0.5

0.45

102

0.4
0.35

neutrons

0.3
0.25

gamma rays

0.2

10

0.15
0.1

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Energy (keVee)

Fig. 1. Neutron/gamma discrimination spectra from prototype detector when exposed to a 252 Cf neutron source.

tor with significantly smaller size (2”× 2” (in diam.))and shape (circular cylinder) was investigated in Cester et al.7) , where FoM values of 0.92 at 300 keVee and1.05 at 500 keVee were deduced. In this study a digitalread out module (CAEN V1720) was used, which could
also increase the efficiency of PSD. We believe that thelower FoM values obtained in our measurements are
essentially due to the larger scintillator volume of ourdetector that probably blurs light collection.
The position sensitivity of the PSD along the scintillator bar was also tested. We conclude that the PSD
capability decreases by only less than 15% when the
distance between the source and the PMT along thedetector bar changes from 5 cm to 25 cm.
Henceforth, the CAENs V1730D module will be usedin the construction of digital readout systems. We
are planning to complete the development and further optimize the PSD, while increasing the FoM anddecreasing the separation threshold. Construction of
all detector bars and study of the properties of the
upgraded spectrometer in experimental conditions arealso scheduled.
References
1) L. Stuhl et al.: RIKEN Accel. Pr. Rep. 48, 54 (2015).
2) M. Sasano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 202501 (2011).
3) M. Sasano et al.: RIKEN Accel. Pr. Rep. 48, 51 (2015).
4) M. Sasano et al.: In this report.
5) J. Yasuda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Pr. Rep. 48, 203 (2015).
6) N. Zaitseva et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 668, 88 (2012).
7) D. Cester et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 735, 202 (2014).
8) S.A. Pozzi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 723, 19 (2013).
9) P. Blanc et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 750, 1 (2014).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Hyperpolarizationofof flowing
flowing water
water by dynamic
dynamic nuclear
Hyperpolarization
nuclearpolarization
polarization
K. Yamada, *1, *2 K. Tateishi,*1 and T. Uesaka*1

߳ ൌ ͳ െ ߩ݂‫ݏ‬

หߛ݁ ห
ఊ೙

,

where ߩ is the coupling factor, ݂ is the leakage factor, ‫ݏ‬is the saturation factor, and ߛ௘ and ߛ௡ are thegyromagnetic ratios of the electron and 1H, respectively.
With the above setup, ߩ, ݂, and ‫ ݏ‬are estimated to be 0.07,
0.90, and 1, respectively,3) and the expected polarization is0.0041 %.
*1*2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Toho University- 172 -NMR
Gel functionalized with radical
Microwave
MRI system
NMR Coil
Cylindricalli dcavityi TE011 (9 GHGHz)
Pump (1.5 mL/min)) Electromagnet (0.3 T)

Fig. 1. Experimental set up for flow-DNP.
We constructed the system except for the gel this time, anddetected the NMR signal of 1H spins in the flowing waterwith a flow rate of ͳǤͷȀ for demonstration. The
result is shown in Fig. 2. Although the line width is a little
broad compared to the one obtained from a conventional
solution NMR, it is narrow enough for flow-DNP. Next year,
we will synthesize the gel and carry out the flow-DNP
experiment.
signal intensity (a.u.)

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a techniquefor imaging blood vessels based on magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) for the evaluation of aneurysms, stenosis,
occlusions, and so on. To obtain clear images, imaging timeneed to be done for a long for signal averaging, and thismakes the resolution, in particular of heart, worse due to thebeating. To overcome this problem, the injection of polarizedwater into a blood vessel was demonstrated1). Both theimaging time and the resolution were improved through theuse of this method. In this experiment, the polarized 1H spinsin water were generated by dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP) method. The method can be used to polarize > 30%
of 1H spins using cryogenics and sub-terahertz devices,
however, about 90% of the polarization was relaxed before
injection, due to the short spin-lattice relaxation time of 1H
spins.2) In this work, we adopted the flow-DNP method topolarize 1H spins in flowing water for simplicity.
The DNP method is used to transfer electron spinpolarization to nuclei with microwave irradiation. We
applied it to flowing water (flow-DNP).3) This is a very
compact, cheap, and versatile method for polarizing liquidstate samples. We would like to apply this method not only
to MRA but also for various studies such as on proteins using
high-resolution NMR system.4)
Experimental setup of flow-DNP is shown in Fig. 1. A
microwave cavity with a frequency of ͻ  is placed in
the electromagnet. The external magnetic field is set at ͲǤ͵.
Water is flowed into the cavity by a pump. The tube in thecavity is filled with gels functionalized with radicals to slow
down the flow rate only inside the cavity. The microwave
irradiates the radicals with an incident power of ͵ .
Although the polarized water is looped back to the pump incurrent setup, it will be sent to the MRI system in the future.
The coil in the NMR is placed in the downstream directionof the cavity to check the polarization. The enhancement
factor ߳ of the polarization is given as

1

0.5

0
-150

-100

-50

0
50
offset (kHz)

100

150

Fig. 2. NMR signals of the 1H spins in flowing water inthermal equilibrium. Offset means the difference between theresonance frequency of 1H and the frequency ofelectromagnetic waves.
References

1) J. Ardenkjaer-Larsen et al., Magn. Reson. Med. 71, 50 (2014).
2) Q. Chappuis et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 1674 (2015).
3) M. D. Lingwood et al., J. Magn. Reson. 205, 247 (2010).
4) M. Reese et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15086 (2009).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Designtriplet-resonance circuit
circuit toto polarize
polarize 1313CCspins
spins
Design study
study of triplet-resonanceutilizing
dynamic
nuclearpolarizationcross
polarization
dynamic
nuclearpolarization
andandcross
polarization
utilizing
T.Kaneko,䠆1, *2㻌 K.Tateishi,䠆1 and T.Uesaka䠆1
Techniques to polarize nuclear spins can be applied not
only in the field of nuclear/particle physics for polarized   targets but also in the field of chemistry and medicine. 1) In               this decade, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has

Sample coil

attracted a lot of attention for analytical science. DNP is
the method of transferring the electron spin polarization to
nuclei using microwave irradiation. For example,
polarized pyruvate is used for metabolic imaging.1) The
transition from pyruvate to alanine or lactate in the bodycan be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)systems.
For the above-mentioned application, 13C spins areuseful. All organic molecules contain carbon. In addition,

㻝㻴chemical shift difference (distinguishability of molecules㻝㻟㻯in the spectrum) is larger than the 1H spins and the spinlattice relaxation time (T1: shooting time) is also longer
than 1H. However, 1H spins are ideal for DNP because of
faster spin diffusion. The gyromagnetic ratio of a 1H spinis 4 times larger than that of 13C spin.
Our strategy involves the following. First, 1H ispolarized using DNP. Subsequently, the polarization istransferred from the 1H spins to 13C spins using a crossFig. 1. Design of triplet-resonance resonator (e/1H/13C) to combine

polarization (CP) technique. The CP is the polarization

with DNP and CP. The coil for double-resonance LC-circuit is inserted

transfer sequence between heteronuclear spins using

in the cylindrical cavity. The resonance frequency is 18000/28/7 MHz,

radio-frequency irradiation. In this report, we designed arespectively.

resonator with a cylindrical cavity for DNP and a double-

Many polarized nuclei, such as 1H, 2H, 13C, 15N, 19F andresonance LC-circuit for CP.

so on, are used for chemical and medical applications. To

The cylindrical cavity was designed using on

this end, our polarization transfer scheme is quite useful.

electromagnetic simulator (CST Microwave Studio). The

Nuclear spins can be polarized by changing the double-

frequency was 18 GHz, which resonated with electron

resonance LC-circuit for CP.

spins at 0.65 T. Details of the double-resonance circuit aredescribed in Ref. 2. The circuit is tuned for 1H and 13C

References

spins with a frequency of 28 and 7 MHz, respectively.

1) K.Golman et al, Cancer Res 66.22, 10855-10860 (2006).
2) S.Kan, M. Fan, and J. Courtieu, Rev. Sci. Inst.51, 887(1980).

Both circuits are still under development.
䠆1

RIKEN Nishina Center

䠆2

Department of Physics, Toho University- 173 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Dependence of spin-polarized proton target performance on
microwave resonator thickness parameter and operation temperature
S. Chebotaryov, ∗1,∗3 S. Sakaguchi, ∗1,∗2 W. Kim, ∗3 E. Milman, ∗1,∗3 K. Tateishi, ∗1 and T. Uesaka ∗1

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University- 174 -

Fig. 1. Schematics of the loop-gap resonator.

tion signal intensity √P as a function of the square rootof microwave power PM W supplied to the LGR froman RF ampliﬁer. The magnetic√ inside√ ﬁeld generated
the LGR is proportional to PM W : H1 ∝ PM W .
Measurements were performed at −40 ◦C, −80 ◦C, and−173 ◦C using two types of LGRs with copper layer
thicknesses of 4.4 μm and 36 μm with all other conditions being equal. In Fig. 2 the results of the measurements are presented.
−40 ◦ C
Spin polarization (a.u.)

A spin-polarized proton target provides opportunities to experimentally study spin-dependent interactions with unstable nuclei. Such a target is required because unstable nuclei are short-lived species and haveto be provided as an RI-beam. Such an experimental study has not been possible until recently owing
to the lack of a polarized target that is applicable to
RI-beam experiments. Conventional polarized targets
use a high magnetic ﬁeld of a few tesla and sub-kelvintemperatures to attain high polarization. However, inexperiments the energy of recoil protons can be as low
as few tens of megaelectronvolts. Thus the maximum
magnitude of the magnetic ﬁeld used has to be constrained to several tens of millitesla to prevent signiﬁcant distortion of proton trajectories. The Center for
Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, and the RIKEN
group has developed a spin-polarized proton target system suitable for use in RI-beam experiments,1) which
made it possible to conduct an experimental study ofspin-dependent interactions in unstable nuclei.
The method of generating spin polarization employed in the target system is based on the crosspolarization technique2) , where the polarization of anelectron system is transferred to the protons in thepresence of an oscillating magnetic ﬁeld. The ﬁeld
is generated as a standing electromagnetic wave using a microwave resonator. The type of resonator employed in our system is the so-called loop-gap resonator(LGR); its schematics is presented in Fig. 1. This resonator is made of a sheet of CuFlon material, which
consists of a copper metal clad on both sides of a thin
Teﬂon sheet.3) .
In this report, we study the polarization performance of the target system at diﬀerent temperatures,
speciﬁcally how performance depends on temperaturedependent parameters of an LGR used for creating theoscillating magnetic ﬁeld. The goal is to choose theoptimal parameters of the LGR to obtain maximum
polarization at a target normal operating temperatureof −173 ◦C. As for LGR, the use of a thicker copper
layer tends to give better results in terms of resonator
performance, while for target operation, a thinner copper layer is preferable as it disturbs the trajectories ofrecoil protons less signiﬁcantly. For 10 MeV protons,
the angular resolution will vary from ±0.5◦ to ±1.6◦(sigma), for an LGR with copper layer thicknesses of
4.4 μm and 36 μm, respectively.
We measured a series of dependences of the polariza-

400−80 ◦ C−173 ◦ C

36 um
4.4 um

300
200
100
0

0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4√√Microwave amplitude − P MW ( W )Fig. 2. Dependence of polarization on microwave amplitude at diﬀerent temperatures (measurement error iscomparable to symbol size).

At a temperature of −173 ◦C, the thickness of the
LGR copper layer does not play an important role,
while at higher temperatures measurable diﬀerence
starts to appear. In the case of the 4.4 μm LGR, adecrease in polarization performance vs. temperature
is more pronounced in comparison to the 36 μm one. If
the temperature is above −173 ◦C, to maximize polarization performance, the use of the LGRs with a thicker
copper layer is preferable. To better understand theperformance of the polarized target at diﬀerent temperatures and to be able to build a quantitative model,a more detailed study of magnetic ﬁeld dependence
from temperature in the LGR itself is required.
References
1) T. Wakui et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 550,521 (2005).
2) A. Henstra et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 165, 6 (1990).
3) B. Ghim, et al., J. Magn. Reson., Ser A 120, 72 (1996).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Pressure dependence of eﬀective gas gain of THGEM in deuteriumgas
C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 S. Ota,∗2 H. Tokieda,∗2 Y.N. Watanabe,∗3 R. Saiseau,∗4 and T. Uesaka∗1equation:
Geﬀ =

Qpads
qe · ∆E/Wi(1)

where Geﬀ is the eﬀective gas gain of GEM, ∆E isthe energy loss of particle, Wi is mean energy for ionelectron pair creation of certain gas (36.4 eV for D2 ),qe , the elementary charge, and Qpads is the collectedcharges on the readout pad. Figure 2 shows the obtained gain curves including the achievable gain froma triple THGEM conﬁguration for 0.18-0.5 atm D2 asa function of the voltage between the upper and thelower electrodes of THGEM, ∆ VTHGEM . A triple
THGEM conﬁguration provides the eﬀective gas gainof more than 104 for every pressure, and even morethan 105 for under 0.35-atm.
0.18-atm
0.20-atm

105

0.25-atm
0.30-atm

Effective Gas Gain

A low-pressure gaseous active target called CNS active target (CAT) has been developed for a deuteroninelastic scattering oﬀ unstable nuclei1) . The CAT
consists of a combination of gas electron multipliers(GEMs) and time projection chamber (TPC) as a vertex tracker, and Si detectors as a total kinetic energy
detector for high momentum recoil particles. Three
400 µm-thick thick gas electron multipliers (THGEMs)
are employed for the ampliﬁcation inside the TPC inorder to achieve an eﬀective gas gain of 104 at 0.4 atm
deuterium gas. This gas gain of 104 fulﬁls the detection of the minimum energy deposition of our interest,
5 keV/cm, which is the energy loss per centimeter ofa recoiling deuteron to 9◦ in the centre-of-mass framefrom 132 Sn(d, d’) reaction at 100 MeV/nucleon. The
properties of a double THGEM conﬁguration in 0.2-,
0.3- and 0.4-atm deuterium were investigated for theﬁrst time by corresponding authors2) . In addition to
the previous work, the pressure dependence and thelong-term stability of the eﬀective gas gain were investigated by using a triple THGEM conﬁguration.
A schematic view of the experimental setup is shownin Fig. 1. The collected electrons on the readout padwere integrated with a charge-sensitive preampliﬁer,
which has a conversion gain of 200 mV/pC and a timeconstant of 80 ns. The output signal from the preampliﬁer was treated by a shaping ampliﬁer (ORTEC571), and the pulse height of the shaped signal wasrecorded by a multi-channel analyser (MCA) (Kromek
102). The eﬀective gas gain Geﬀ is derived from the0.35-atm

104

0.40-atm
0.45-atm
0.50-atm

103

102
300

400

500

600

700

800

900

∆ VTHGEM[V]Fig. 2. Gain curves of a triple THGEM configuration at
0.18-0.5 atm D2 as a function of ∆ VTHGEM .

Fig. 1. Experimental setup of this work. Voltages to
the THGEMs are supplied from a single channel ofa HV module, by using a register chain, where each
∆VTHGEM is equally provided.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
University Paris-Sud- 175 -

Every set of measurements for each pressure wassuspended when a normal spectrum can hardly betaken due to the discharge problem. In this measurement, the ratio of the voltages on each electrode of
the THGEMs was retained in constant by using a resistance chain. The strength of the transfer ﬁeld was
2.25 to 4.16 kV/cm/atm where the transfer eﬃciency isalmost maximum and reached a plateau. The strengthof the induction ﬁeld was 3.0 to 5.56 kV/cm/atm.
References
1) S. Ota et al., CNS Annual Report 2011 CNS-REP90(2013) 70-71.
2) C.S. Lee et al., JINST 9 (2014) C05014.
3) M. Tokuda et al., JINST 7 (2012) C04006.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of 178m2 Hf isomer target
N. Kitamura,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 N. Imai,∗1 and H. Haba∗2
Since the discovery of superdeformation in the nucleus, many superdeformed states have been observed1). As the further deformed state, hyperdeformation,in which the ratio of the long axis to the short axis is3 : 1, has been predicted as extreme quadrupole deformation2) . However, no such state had been discovered
yet. Furthermore, recent theoretical calculation predicts that even a deformed torus shape appears at ahigh-spin state3) . Such deformed states will provide us
with a stringent test of our understanding of nuclear
physics. The key to produce such states is transferring high angular momentum to the nucleus. If thehigh-spin target or beam is available, it would be moreprobable to populate such an exotic state. Thus, weare developing a target of 178m2 Hf, a) which has a highspin of 16h̄ and a long half-life of 31 y. Among several
reactions, the 176 Yb(α, 2n) reaction is known to havea relatively high cross section to produce 178m2 Hf4) .
The pioneering work to produce 3 × 1014 atoms of
178m2
Hf was performed in Dubna5) . The isomeric state
was produced by the fusion reaction of (α, 2n) withan enriched 176 Yb target. At an incident energy of
35.5 MeV, the cross section was 9 mb and the isomer ratio was 0.5 %. The AVF cyclotron at RIBF can provide
40-MeV α beams of 10 eμA, which are enough to makea nanogram sample of 178m2 Hf with a beam time of afew days. Before stepping into mass production, we
performed the feasibility study for production. There
are three issues to be checked. The ﬁrst issue is themeasurement of the excitation function of the production cross section of 178m2 Hf to optimize the incident
beam energy. The second issue is the production crosssections of 175,172 Hf, which will be the main contaminants after the irradiation. Since they have relatively
short half-lives, 70 d and 1.87 y, respectively, the radioactivities of these contaminants will be much larger
than that of 178m2 Hf if we use a natural Yb target. The
production cross sections of these nuclei determine thedegree of enrichment required for 176 Yb. The third
issue is the heat damage to the Yb target. It is not obvious that the target can withstand the high-intensity
α beam since the melting point of Yb is about 824 ◦C.
The experiment was performed at the C03 beam lineof the AVF cyclotron. An α beam of 40 MeV irradiated a target stack for 8 hours. The target stack wasmade of ten nat Yb foils with a thickness of 20 μm each.
The Yb foils were sandwiched by two 2-μm Ti foils
to check the energy of the beam using the monitor
reaction nat Ti(α, xn)51 Cr. The target was placed on
∗1
∗2
a)

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
There are two isomeric states in 178 Hf. One is 178m1 Hf witha half-life of 8.0 s, the other is 178m2 Hf.

- 176 -

Fig. 1. Experimental cross sections for nat Yb(α, xn)175 Hf(circles) and 172 Hf (triangles) are compared with thecalculations by PACE4 (dashed and dotted, respectively). The horizontal errorbars stand for the loss ofenergy in the foils.

the water-cooled Ta Faraday cup to measure the total
dose of the beam. In addition, He gas was ﬂown on
the surface of the target to take the heat away. The
irradiation time was determined by the regulation for
production of 175 Hf in this facility.
When we opened the chamber and checked the target after cooling for 3 days, it turned out that the ﬁrst
ten foils, one Ti and nine Yb, were adhered. On theother hand, the last two foils, Yb and Ti, could be separated. This means that as long as the foils are attachedtightly to the water-cooled Faraday cup, they can withstand the 10-eμA α beams. γ rays were measured bya HPGe detector to evaluate the radioactivities produced. The deduced cross section of 51 Cr was foundto be consistent with the value with an incident energyof 40 MeV. The cross sections of nat Yb(α, xn)175,172 Hf
are presented in Fig. 1. The PACE4 code7) reproduced
these experimental values. For detecting the decay
from 178m2 Hf, we have to measure γ rays in triple coincidence to distinguish them from other activities. We
are now preparing Ge detectors array GRAPE8) forthe measurement.
References
1) X. L. Han and C. L. Wu, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables
63, 117 (1996).
2) J. Dudek et al., Phys. Lett. B 211, 252 (1988).
3) T. Ichikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 232503 (2012).
4) S. A. Karamian, Yad. Fiz. 68, 1827 (2005).
5) Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
18, 393 (1992).
6) IAEA-TECDOC-924, Vienna (1997)7) http://lise.nscl.msu.edu/pace4.html
8) S. Shimoura, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 525, 188(2004).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Construction of OEDO beamline
S. Michimasa,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗1 M. Matsushita,∗1 N. Imai,∗1 K. Yako,∗1 H. Yamaguchi,∗1 S. Ota,∗1
E. Ideguchi,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗3 K. Yoshida,∗3 and K. Yamada∗3
The OEDO system is a new beamline proposed forhigh-quality slow-down RI beams1) . The OEDO is anabbreviation of Optimized Energy Degrading Optics
for RI beam. The idea behind it is to manipulate
the timing degree-of-freedom in the phase space of RI
beam. To obtain a high-quality beam with a small
spot size and a small energy spread, the OEDO systemshifts the spreads of positions and angles to the timing
spread of the beam, which corresponds to the rotation of the phase space ellipse on the position- (angle)timing plane to obtain a small position (angle) spread.
Radiofrequency (RF) electric ion-optical elements canrotate a phase space ellipse of spatial and timing components, as beams from a cyclotron have an RF bunch
structure.
The main components of the OEDO system are:
An RF deﬂector2) synchronized with the cyclotron’s
RF and 2 sets of triplet quadrupole (TQ) magnets toachieve point-to-parallel/parallel-to-point ion optics.
The OEDO system is to be installed downstream ofa momentum-dispersive focus with a reasonable dispersion. The ﬁrst TQ associates the beam energy
with beam angle at the RF deﬂector, and the second TQ makes a small achromatic focus. This dispersion condition is fulﬁlled in the ﬁrst half of the HighResolution (HR) beamline3) . Therefore, the OEDO
system will be implemented in the HR beamline by installing new electric/magnetic elements and rearranging the existing magnets. In FY2014, the main partof the construction budget was funded and the OEDO
project was launched. We are continuously improving
the design of the beamline with respects to the magnet
conﬁguration and an ion-optics.
Figure 1 shows the magnet arrangement for the
OEDO beamline downstream of the F6 focal plane of
the BigRIPS. The speciﬁcations of the RF deﬂector
for the OEDO system are shown in the inset table ofFig. 1. The magnet conﬁguration was conﬁrmed tofunction as a phase-space rotator for slow-down beams
by ion optics calculation. The slow-down scheme of
the OEDO beamline is shown in Fig. 2. In Fig.2(a),an
RI beam at 250 MeV/u is transported to FE8, where
the momentum dispersion is tuned to be 1 m. A monoenergetic degrader is installed at FE8 to slow RIs down
to 50 MeV/u, which corresponds to a rotation of thephase space ellipse on the plane of the beam energy(δ) and ﬂight time (t). In Fig.2(b), the ﬁrst half of
the OEDO system, set to be point-to-parallel optics,
∗1
∗2
∗3

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RCNP, Osaka University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 177 -

Frequency
Maximum Voltage
Gap between electrodes
Length of electrodes
Width of electrodes
Vacuum

18.25 0.25 MHz> 300 kV
200 mm1200 mm
400 mm
5 10-6 Pa

Specifications of RF deflector for OEDO

Fig. 1. Magnet configuration of the OEDO beamline(b) RF(Deflector)(a) FE8(Degrader)

FE8-RF

F3-FE8δ(c) FE9(S0: Target)

RF-FE9δδFig. 2. Phase space rotation in OEDO beamline

rotates the phase space ellipse on the x-a plane. Then,the RF deﬂector reduces the timing (t) dependence ofangle (a). In Fig.2(c), the second half of the OEDO
system, also set to be parallel-to-point optics, rotates
the phase space ellipse on the x-a plane in the reverse
direction. Finally, a small beam spot and a small energy spread are achieved at the FE9 and S0 foci.
Based on the result, we estimated the higher orderaberrations of the OEDO beamline using a MonteCarlo simulation5) .
This work was funded by ImPACT Program ofCouncil for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
References
1) S. Shimoura et al., CNS Annual Report 2013, CNSREP-93, 56 (2015) 56.
2) K. Yamada et al., Nucl. Phys. A 746, 156c (2004).
3) S. Michimasa et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. in Phys. Res.
B317, 305 (2013).
4) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. in Phys. Res.
B204, 97 (2003).
5) M. Matsushita et al., In this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Simulation study of a new energy-degrading beamline, OEDO
M. Matsushita,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 N. Imai,∗1 K. Yako,∗1 H. Yamaguchi,∗1 S. Ota,∗1
E. Ideguchi,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗3 K. Yoshida,∗3 and K. Yamada∗3

∗1
∗2
∗3

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 178 -

Fig. 1. Simulation condition and a scheme of two-staged
energy deceleration in OEDO.

400

131

Sn

54

132

Sn

55

133

Sb

134

Te

300
200

Co

Ni

56

Ni

600

57

Ni

58

Cu

400
200

100
0

Counts [a.u.]Counts [a.u.]

The OEDO (Optimized Energy Degrading Optics
for RI beam) beamline is one of the solutions to degrade intense RI beams provided in RIBF, which will
make possible further research on exotic nuclei/statesby using the transfer reaction in the energy region
around a few tens MeV, fusion reaction in around afew MeV and others 1) . The application of a materialenergy degrader is a general method to degrade a fastbeam, while it induces momentum- and angular aberrations that lead to broadenings of beam spot2) . The
OEDO beamline employed an RF electric beam deﬂector (RF deﬂector) to cancel the aberrations based on
the time structure of the secondary beams3) . Simulation of this beamline has been performed for optimization and feasibility studies.
In the simulation, beam transportations by magnetic devices were reconstructed by beam transfer matrix obtained in COSY inﬁnity4) , while interactions
with materials and electric ﬁelds were simulated by
the code based on GEANT45) . Conditions of the simulation are schematically shown in Figure 1, where aneutron-rich nucleus 132 Sn and neutron-deﬁcient nucleus 56 Ni were used as typical examples. Initial momentum and angular distributions were generated byusing the LISE++ code6) to estimate the production via a projectile-ﬁssion reaction of the 238 U primary beam and a projectile-fragmentation reactionof the 124 Xe primary beam for 132 Sn and 56 Ni, respectively. Secondary beams separated by BigRIPS7)
were transported to OEDO beamline with energies
of 250 MeV/u and 210 MeV/u (∆P/P= ±3%) for132
Sn and 56 Ni, respectively. Secondary beams weredegraded to 50 MeV/u by a mono-energetic degrader
located at FE8 focus, and transported to the RF deﬂector with point-to-parallel optics to convert from position to angular dispersion. In order to make beams
focused at FE9, the RF deﬂector compensates the angular aberrations by its dynamic electric ﬁeld oscillating with a cyclotron resonance frequency. If an additional deceleration is required, another energy degrader is employed at FE9.
The OEDO beamline consisting of the RF deﬂector
works as a separator using a velocity ﬁlter. Timing
diﬀerences from the focusing phase of the RF deﬂector are transformed to position diﬀerences at FE9. As
shown in Figure 2, a clear separation obtained for Ni
isotopes indicates large enough diﬀerences in time-ofﬂight (TOF) caused by the velocity diﬀerences. In the-40 -200

2040

X @ FE9 [mm]0-40 -200

2040

X @ FE9 [mm]Fig. 2. Position distribution at FE9 obtained for 132 Sn(56 Ni) and contaminants are shown in left (right) panel.

case of 132 Sn, on the other hand, it cannot be obtained due to insuﬃcient TOF diﬀerences and bending power of the RF deﬂector against a particle withlarge A/Q ratio. Development of an alternative transport is on going, which consciously enhances the capability of beam puriﬁcation for neutron-rich nuclei inmedium/heavy mass region, such as 132 Sn.
This work was funded by ImPACT Program ofCouncil for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Oﬃce, Government of Japan).
References
1) S. Shimoura et al., CNS Anual Rep. 2013, 55 (2013).
2) E. Ideguchi, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C005(2012).
3) S. Michimasa et al. : in this report.
4) http://www.bt.pa.msu.edu/index_cosy.html.
5) http://geant4.cern.ch/.
6) http://lise.nscl.msu.edu/lise.html.
7) T. Kubo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. in Phys. Res.
B204, 97 (2003).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up in the commissioning ofRare RI Ring†
F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 Y. Abe,∗1 Z. Ge,∗1 K. Hiraishi,∗3 Y. Ichikawa,∗3 I. Kato,∗2 H. Miura,∗2 T. Moriguchi,∗3
D. Nagae,∗1 S. Naimi,∗1 T. Nishimura,∗2 S. Omika,∗2 A. Ozawa,∗3 S. Suzuki,∗3 T. Suzuki,∗2 N. Tadano,∗2
Y. Tajiri,∗3 Y. Takeuchi,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 T. Watanabe,∗1 K. Yamada,∗1 T. Yamaguchi,∗2
Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 J. Zenihiro,∗1 and Y. Yano∗1
The Rare RI Ring is a storage ring dedicated to themeasurement of the masses of unstable nuclei to study
their nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis1) . We employ the isochronous mass spectrometry method aiming at a relative mass precision of 10−6 . For such highprecision measurement, reaching the isochronous condition in the ring up to a precision of 10−6 is essential.
As a monitor for the tuning of the isochronous ﬁeld, we
adopt a resonant Schottky pick-up. Figure 1 a) shows
the resonant Schottky pick-up installed in the ring.
When the beam passes through the resonant Schottky pick-up, an electromagnetic ﬁeld is induced in theresonant cavity. Figure 1 b) shows the magnetic ﬁeld
induced at the resonance frequency fres . The change ofmagnetic ﬂux is detected by a pick-up loop inside thecavity. Similar resonant Schottky pick-ups have beenused at GSI2) in Germany and IMP3) in China. From
the results of an oﬄine test, we obtained fres = 171.43
MHz, shunt impedance Rsh = 161 kΩ, and unloaded
quality factor Q0 = 18804) .
In June 2015, we commissioned the Rare RI Ring
using a Kr beam with an energy of 168 MeV/u. In thecommissioning, we successfully observed the signals ofa single Kr ion in the Schottky spectrum, as shown in
Fig. 2. The upper part of Fig. 2 is a spectrogram of
Kr. In this plot, the horizontal and vertical axes are
the resonance frequency and time, respectively. The
frequency shift is considered to be caused by the momentum change due to the interactions with the residual gas in the ring. The vacuum was still of the orderof 10−5 Pa without the baking procedure. The lower
part of Fig. 2 is a zoomed FFT spectrum in a frameof 32 ms. The frequency width is 224 Hz at FWHM;
therefore, the frequency resolution is 1.29×10−6 . The
measured signal power is P = −68.9 dBm, where P
is obtained by integrating the peak in the Schottky
spectrum after subtracting thermal noise background.
For comparison, we calculated the expected signal
power Pcal by using the following equation which represents the signal power of a single ion with charge q 2) :Pcal = 1/8(qef )2 Rload , where e = elementary charge,
f = revolution frequency, and Rload is calculated fromthe equation Rload = Rsh /Q0 × Qload . Taking into
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Proceedings of HIAT2015,
Yokohama, JapanRIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba- 179 -

account the gains of two ampliﬁers and transmission
losses, Pcal = -66.1 dBm. The observed Schottky signal power P is in good agreement with the expected
Pcal . In conclusion the performance of the resonant
Schottky pick-up is suﬃcient in terms of sensitivity
and resolution.

a)b)Resonant
Resonant
CavityCavityBeamFig. 1. a) A photograph of the resonant Schottky pick-up.
b) Magnetic ﬁeld in the resonant cavity induced by
the beam.

Fig. 2. Upper: A spectrogram of a single 78 Kr ion.
Lower: A zoomed FFT spectrum in a frame of 32 ms.

References
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 317, 629 (2013).
2) F. Nolden et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
659, 69 (2011).
3) J. X. Wu et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
317, 623 (2013).
4) F. Suzaki et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 030119 (2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Online results for the injection ion optics of the Rare RI Ring
Z. Ge,∗1,∗2 Y. Abe,∗1 F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 D. Nagae,∗1 S. Naimi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 T. Yamaguchi,∗2
A. Ozawa,∗3 H. Miura,∗2 S. Omika,∗2 Y. Takeuchi,∗2 S. Suzuki,∗3 Y. Yano∗1 for the Rare RI Ring collaboration
The Rare RI Ring (R3) is a cyclotron-like storage
ring designed for mass measurements of exotic nuclei
far from stability at Radioactive Ion Beam Factory in
RIKEN1) . In order to successfully transport the nuclei of interest individually1) to the central orbit of theRare RI Ring, we calculated the injection ion optics
for the Rare RI Ring beam line, which connects theRare RI Ring spectrometer to the BigRIPS separator. For the upstream optics from F3 to S0 , the target
position of the SHARAQ spectrometer, the standard
high-resolution achromatic mode is used2) . The total optical matrix is calculated from S0 to the kicker
magnet position3) , and two important foci, ILC1 andILC2, are shown in Fig. 1, where 2 PPACs are placedto evaluate the matrix elements for beam tuning quantitatively.

Table 1. Currents (CSQ1−3 and CQ1−10 ) of the quadrupole
magnets (SQ1-3 and Q1-10) of the injection line
Condition
F
D
F
DF
FDF
DFDF
D

During online beam tuning, we chose the configuration of the three SHARAQ quadrupoles (SQ1-3)2)
and the ten quadrupoles (Q1-10) between ILC1 andILC2 to be FDF-DF-FDF-DFDF-D (D indicts indicates “Defocus” and F indicates “Focus”) configuration in the lateral direction, which is suited for thesmall vertical acceptance as shown in Fig. 1 (bottom) for fast tuning of the beam. To complete thefast tuning method developed for SHARAQ spectrometer2) , we first design the optics of the injection linewith many focus planes. Then we calculate the re∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba- 180 -

EXP. (A)
33.28
61.20
61.59
226.8
715.4
200.9

Cal. (A)
33.1
61.0
61.3
480.8
723.8
295.7

25.8

27.4

Table 2. Matrix elements of ILC1 and ILC2 evaluatedfrom the experiment and calculated by COSY INFINITY
MatrixElement(x| a)(y| b)

Fig. 1. Envelopes of the beam transport from SHARAQ S0
to kicker magnet in the horizontal and vertical plane by
third order calculation using COSY INFINITY.

Configuration
CSQ1
-CSQ2
CSQ3
-CQ1 =CQ2
CQ3 =-CQ4 =CQ5
-CQ6 =CQ7 =-CQ8
=CQ9
-CQ10

EXP.
(ILC1)
0.02±0.007
5.40±0.007

Cal.
(ILC1)00

EXP.
(ILC2)
0.19 ± 0.010−6.66±0.010

Cal.
(ILC2)
0.04-0.07

sponse functions of each quadruple magnet by COSY
INFINITY. During beam tuning, we cancelled themomentum-dispersion effects by combining information at the dispersive focal plane. Once the matrix
elements of the experimental values are evaluated, it isused for correcting the magnet setting precisely.
We performed the tuning method using the designed
ion-optical mode for the first commissioning run ofRare RI Ring in June 2015, for which we use the78
Kr36+ beam with the energy of 168 MeV/nucleon.
With this ion-optical mode we successfully carried out
the individual injection of the Rare RI Ring, and we
succeeded in storing the 78 Kr36+ ions for a few seconds.
Table 1 indicates the measured magnet current
values and their corresponding calculated values via
COSY INFINITY (the magnetic fields corresponding
to the currents of the magnets here). The transfer matrix element of the two important focal planes ILC1
and ILC2 are listed in Table 2. The measured valuesof the matrix elements after beam tuning are consistent with the calculated values for the horizontal direction, while they differ in the vertical direction due
to a misalignment in the beamline.
References
1) A. Ozawa et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C009, 2012.
2) T. Uesaka et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C007, 2012.
3) Y. Yamaguchi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 317, 629 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Circulation detector for Rare RI Ring
D. Nagae,∗1 Y. Abe,∗1 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 S. Naimi,∗1 Z. Ge,∗1,∗2 H. Miura,∗2 S. Ohmika,∗2
Y. Takeuchi,∗2 T. Nishimura,∗2 N. Tadano,∗2 I. Kato,∗2 T. Yamaguchi,∗2 T. Suzuki,∗2 Y. Ichikawa,∗3 Y. Tajiri,∗3
K. Hiraishi,∗3 T. Matsumoto,∗3 T. Moriguchi,∗3 S. Suzuki,∗3 A. Ozawa,∗3 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1
H. Baba,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗4 S. Ota,∗4 H. Miya,∗4 T. Watanabe,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 and Y. Yano∗1
35Counts [/100 ps]

Cl ions were circulated for approximately 40 turns
and 10 turns, respectively. The preliminary revolution
times of 378.32(6) ns and 386.3(1) ns were obtained for36
Ar and 35 Cl, respectively.
10

4

10

3

10

2

10
1
0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Time [µs]Counts [/ 1 ns]

Fig. 2. Circulation time spectrum of 78 Kr. Noise generated by the kicker magnet is observed at approximately
0.05 µs.
10 4(a) 36Ar

10 3
10 2
10
1
0.0

Counts [ / 50 ps]

A circulation detector consisting of a carbon foil anda multichannel plate (MCP) has been developed for
confirming that particles can be stored and for evaluating the revolution time in the Rare RI Ring1) . Although the basic concept of the circulation detector isthe same as those developed at GARIS and Tsukuba2) ,and GSI3) , an enlargement of the sensitive area is required to cover a large beam profile in the Rare-RI
Ring. A schematic view of the detector is shown in
Fig. 1. A large and thin carbon foil (100 × 50 mm2
and 60 µg/cm2 ) was developed at RIKEN4) . A stored
particle generates secondary electrons when passing
through the carbon foil. Secondary electrons are accelerated by an acceleration electric field Eacc applied
between the carbon foil and an acceleration grid, andthey are then deflected at 90 degree towards the MCP
by an electrostatic mirror field Emir applied between
two parallel grids. These grids are made of gold-plated
tungsten wires with a diameter of 40 µm. The acceleration field (Eacc ) and the mirror field (Emir ) are chosen
to satisfy the relation 2Eacc = Emir .
The circulation detector was used in the first commissioning experiment where the 78 K primary beam
was used. The detector was used in the same manner in the second commissioning experiment using thesecondary beam of 36 Ar and 35 Cl produced by the fragmentation reaction of a primary beam of 48 Ca at an energy of 345 MeV/nucleon on a 9 Be target with a thickness of 25 mm. A circulation time spectrum of 78 Kr
is shown in Fig. 2. Particles were successfully stored
approximately 60 turns. A revolution frequency wasestimated to be 2.639 MHz from the circulation time
spectrum. Figures 3(a) and 3(b) are circulation time
spectra for 36 Ar and 35 Cl, respectively. 36 Ar ions and

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

Time [µs]

10.0

12.0

14.0

(b) 35Cl

10 3
10 2
10
1

W+Au wire(φ40 µm / 1 mm pitch)(Vacc)

0.0

W+Au wire(φ40 µm / 3 mm pitch)(Vmir)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Time [µs]

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Fig. 3. Circulation time spectra of (a) 36 Ar and (b) 35 Cl.
Arrows indicate signals corresponding to particles.

Ion Beam

C-Foil (60 µg/cm2)(Vfoil)0.05

e-References
MCP

1) A. Ozawa et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C009(2012).
2) T. Mizota et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 305, 125(1991).
3) F. Busch et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 171, 71 (1980).
4) H. Hasebe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 133(2009).

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the circulation detector.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo- 181 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study on background suppression of charged particles
using GARIS-II ﬁlled with He-H2 mixture
D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 S. Yamaki,∗1,∗2 H. Haba,∗1 Y. Komori,∗1 S. Yano,∗1
R. Aono,∗1,∗3 Y. Namba,∗1,∗3 and S. Goto∗1,∗3
are clearly identiﬁable with an increasing mixing ratio.
The values of the equilibrium charge state q, which are
deduced from the optimum magnetic rigidity Bρ values, are plotted against the H2 composition in Fig. 3.
The q in pure H2 is estimated to be 3.80 using empirical systematics, obtained using a Dubna gas-ﬁlled
recoil separator DGFRS4) . Interpolated values of q between 4.47 and 3.80 in the case of pure He and H2 areindicated as a broken line in Fig. 3. It seems that themeasured q values agree well with the linear interpolation of the DGFRS.

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References$%
) (*Fig. 1. New gas control system for GARIS-II ﬁlled with
He-H2 mixture.
∗1

 

Fig. 3. Equilibrium charge state of 217 Pa ions moving in a
He-H2 mixture. The broken line is the linear interpolation between the experimentally obtained q of 4.47 andthe estimated q of 3.80 from the DGFRS’s work4) .

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Fig. 2. Two-dimensional scatter plots, obtained by a timeposition correlation analysis, of decay time against decay energy. Fractions of H2 composition are (a) 0%, (b)10%, and (c) 30%.



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The performance of a gas-ﬁlled recoil ion separator(GARIS-II) has been evaluated using various asymmetric fusion reactions1–3) . The feasibility of a hightransmission under a low-background condition is a
key issue for superheavy elements (SHEs) producedwith a low cross section of pb-order. In previous
work1) , it was found that GARIS-II ﬁlled with a He-H2
mixture as a ﬁlled gas is promising to suppress background particles. To aid future study of SHEs, theusefulness of a He-H2 mixture was investigated further in this work. As a typical example, the resultsfor 218,217 Pa, which were produced via the reaction of
197
Au(24 Mg,xn) [x=3,4], are given here.
The products of 218,217 Pa were separated in-ﬂight
from projectiles and other by-products using the
GARIS-II, and then they were guided into a double
sided silicon detector after passing through a time-ofﬂight detector. The separator was ﬁlled with a He-H2
mixture with various H2 mixing ratios (0, 10, 20, and30%). The gas pressure was maintained at 53 Pa. Recently, a new gas-mixing system, shown in Fig. 1, wasdeveloped as the previous system used a commercial
gas with ﬁxed mixing ratio. This system enables the
mixing ratio to be tuned under constant pressure. The
system was well calibrated by a gas analyzer.
The reaction products of 218,217 Pa, which were assigned to α-transitions of 9.616 and 8.337 MeV withhalf-lives of 113 μs and 3.8 ms respectively as shownin Fig. 2, were measured by varying the fraction of
H2 composition from 0 to 30%. The reaction productsof 217,218 Pa including long-lived isotopes of 215,214 Ac

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Graduate school of Science and Technology, Niigata University- 182 -

1) D. Kaji et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep 48, 214 (2015).
2) D. Kaji et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep 47, 213 (2014).
3) D. Kaji et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep 46, 189 (2013).
4) Y.T. Ogganessian et al., Phys. Rev. C64, 064309 (2001).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Current status of a gas-cell system for precision experiments withGARIS-IIY. Ito,∗1 P. Schury,∗1,∗2 M. Wada,∗1,∗2 F. Arai,∗1,∗3 I. Katayama,∗1 I. Murray,∗1 K. Okada,∗4 M. Reponen,∗1
T. Sonoda,∗1 A. Takamine,∗1 H. Wollnik,∗1,∗5 H. Haba,∗1 D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 K. Morita,∗1,∗6
S. Kimura,∗2,∗3 and H. Koura∗7
We constructed a gas cell for precision experiments
on fusion-evaporation residues coupled with GARIS-II.
In the last report1) , we presented the commissioning
results. In this report, we present the current statusof the whole system, from the gas cell to the multireﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass spectrograph (MRTOF)(Fig. 1).
For precision mass measurement with MRTOF2) , weinstalled an upstairs radio-frequency ion trap systemafter extraction from the gas cell. The ion trap system comprises a ﬂat trap3) (FT) and a pair of resistive ion traps (RT). The RT stores and pre-cools
ions before transferring them to the FT. For this function, we adopted four silicon electrodes with electricalcontacts at both edges and 30 mm from the FT side.
The electrodes have 6 mm width and 145 mm length
which corresponds to the resistance of 330(10) Ω andan inter-strip gap of 8.4 mm. Ions extracted from thegas cell were ﬁrst stored in the RT for several millisecGas cellERs from
GARIS-IIResistive
Sitraptrap

upstairs trap
up-OrthosystemFlat trap

SPIG
up-PDT
RF carpet

Alkali IS
SSD
CEM

LTOF1

up-Thru

DegraderMultipole lensBN gateLTOF2dn-PDTMCP

MRTOF

downstairs trapsystemdn-Ortho

Reference IS
dn-Thru

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the gas cell setup with MRTOF.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Sophia University
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico
State University
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute (JAEA)- 183 -

onds, and then, they were transfered to the FT andbunched in the FT (3 ms). The ion bunch was ejectedto the experimental room located downstairs througha 3-m beam transport line (BTL). To accelerate the ionbunch, we used pulsed drift tubes (PDT) that hace a
15 mm inner diameter and 150 mm length. The PDT
was switched from -1.5 kV to a GND potential of the
BTL with 200 ns rise time when the ions are traveling in the tube. As a result, the ions gain 1.5 keV
and are transported in the grounded BTL. In the middle of the BTL, we installed a Bradbury-Nielsen (BN)gate that has a 50 µm gold-coated tungsten wire witha 0.5 mm pitch and is capable of eliminating unwanted
ions by fast voltage switching. After the BN gate, weplaced another PDT that is switched oppositely to theone upstairs. The ions are decelerated to be ∼50 eVfrom the PDT by focusing lenses toward a downstairs
trap system identical to the one upstairs. The decelerated ions were re-bunched in the same manner as those
upstairs and ejected toward the MRTOF at the TDC
start time to measure time-of-ﬂight.
Using several diagnostics, SSD and channeltron(CEM) detectors, we evaluated eﬃciencies. First, wecounted the 205 Fr rate by SSD in front of the gas cell;then we counted the 205 Fr+ rate by SSD at LTOF2
located after the BN gate. The eﬃciency to LTOF2
compared to the incoming 205 Fr was given as 19%.
Second, we measured the BTL transmission eﬃciency
using SSDs at LTOF1 and LTOF2, and obtained theeﬃciency of 70%. By using the pre-measured gas-cell
eﬃciency of 29%1) , we could obtain the eﬃciency of
94% for the upstairs trap system. Finally, the retrapping eﬃciency for the downstairs trap system wasmeasured to be 1.6% using the 205 Fr+ rate at MCP after the MRTOF and 205 Fr+ rate at LTOF2. In total,
the overall eﬃciency of 0.3% was obtained.
The bottleneck was after re-trapping eﬃciency thatwas expected to be more than 20%. We recently foundmis-wiring to apply DC voltages for the downstairs
trap system. The potential created with this wiring
resulted in an unreasonable potential conﬁguration fortransferring ions to the FT. We ﬁxed the problem andwill check the eﬃciencies in next beam time.
References
1) P. Schury et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 22(2015).
2) P. Schury et al.: arXiv:1512.00141.
3) Y. Ito et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 544 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Extraction of multi-nucleon transfer reaction products in the 136 Xeand 198 Pt system
Y. Hirayama,∗1 Y.X. Watanabe,∗1 H. Miyatake,∗1 M. Wada,∗1,∗2 H.S. Jung,∗1 M. Oyaizu,∗1 Y. Kakiguchi,∗1
M. Mukai,∗2,∗3 S. Kimura,∗2 H. Ishiyama,∗4 S.C. Jeong,∗4 N. Imai,∗5 and T. Sonoda∗3
We have developed the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS)1) to study the β-decay properties of theneutron-rich isotopes with neutron numbers aroundN = 126 for astrophysics research.2–4) We extracted
elastic events of 198 Pt and unstable nuclei of 199 Pt and
196,197,198
Ir produced in the 136 Xe beam and 198 Pt target system. We successfully dissociated the molecularions by using a new multi-pole ion-guide (MPIG) system and measured the lifetime of the unstable nuclei
of 199 Pt3) and 196 Ir.
We performed on-line tests using the 136 Xe beamwith an energy of 10.75 MeV/nucleon and a maximum
intensity of 20 pnA. The 136 Xe beam was directed onto
the 198 Pt target placed in the gas cell, and was stopped
at a tungsten beam dump after passing through the gascell. The thermalized and neutralized reaction products were re-ionized in the gas cell, and the ions wereextracted and detected after mass separation using a
Channeltron detector for ion counting. The lifetimes
were measured by using newly developed β-ray telescopes5) whose background rate was reduced to 0.09
cps.
In our previous experiment, the extracted 198 Pt+
ions formed molecular ions such as 198 PtH+2,
198
PtH2 O+ , and 198 PtAr+
with
theintensity
ratio
of
2
1, 1, and 6, respectively, relative to the intensity of
198
Pt+ ions. The extraction eﬃciency of the mostintense 198 PtAr+
2 ion was 0.2 %. In order to reduce
the amount of the molecular ions and increase the extraction yields, we developed three MPIGs which were
installed at the exit of the gas cell to dissociate themolecular ions by applying a DC voltage of 15 V between the ﬁrst and the second MPIGs as well as totransport the ions from the high pressure region to thelow pressure region and, then, accelerate them by applying a high voltage of 20 kV. Figure 1 shows themeasured mass distribution of 198 Pt+ ions extracted
from KISS through the MPIGs. In the present measurement, we can successfully dissociate the molecularions. Considering the molecular ion formation probability in the previous experiment, the extraction eﬃciency of 198 Pt+ ion with the most intensity was recovered to be 0.3%, which was a factor of about 1.5
higher than of 0.2% for 198 PtAr+
2 ion. This indicates
∗1

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Wako Nuclear Science Center (WNSC), Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute for Basic Science, Rare Isotope Science ProjectCenter for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo- 184 -

that almost all molecular ions dissociated to 198 Pt+
ion.
We extracted the laser-ionized iridium isotopes
196,197,198
Ir atoms. Figure 2 shows the measured lifetime of the 196 Ir (t1/2 = 52(1) s) isotope. The measured lifetime t1/2 = 67(13) s was in good agreementwith the reported value.

Fig. 1. Measured mass distribution of the platinum ions.
Red and blue lines indicate the spectra measured withand without the irradiation of ionization lasers, respectively.

Fig. 2. Lifetime measurement of 196 Ir.

To extend this study to more neutron-rich nuclei,
we have been developing a doughnut-shaped gas cellto increase the available primary beam intensity and a
low-background beta-ray telescope.
References
1) Y. Hirayama et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B353, 4(2015).
2) S.C. Jeong et al.: KEK Report 2010-2.
3) Y. Hirayama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 233(2015).
4) H. Ishiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 151(2012).
5) S. Kimura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 234(2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Measuring luminosity of electron scattering from Xe isotopes at the
SCRIT experiment
A. Enokizono,∗1,∗2 K. Adachi,∗1,∗2 T. Fujita,∗1,∗2 M. Hori,∗1 K. Kurita,∗1,∗2 T. Ohnishi,∗2 T. Suda,∗2,∗3
T. Tamae,∗2,∗3 K. Tsukada,∗2,∗3 M. Wakasugi,∗2 M. Watanabe,∗2 and K. Yamada∗1,∗2
The SCRIT (Self-Conﬁning RI ion Target)1) device
has been developed to make the experiment of electron
scattering oﬀ short-lived nuclei possible at high luminosity (1027 cm−2 s−1 ). The charged density distribution of the target nucleus is derived from the angular
distribution of elastic scattering cross-section of electrons. At the SCRIT experiment, the angle and momentum distributions of scattered electrons are measured by the electron spectrometer (WiSES), and theluminosity of the electron-nucleus scatterings is measured by the luminosity monitor (LMon). Here theluminosity is obtained by measuring photons from thebremsstrahlung process which is calculatable with lessambiguity even for previously unmeasured nuclei.
The LMon, which is located ∼7 m downstream along
the beam line from the electron-target interaction region, consists of 7 CsI calorimeters to measure thephoton energy, and plastic ﬁber scintillators to measure the 2D hit distribution of photons2) . In August
2015, a commissioning test using stable 132 Xe target
was performed at the beam energy Ee = 150 MeV. In
order to estimate the background from residual gases,
the LMon measures photons for both periods with andwithout trapped 132 Xe.
Figure 1 shows the total energy distributions thatare calculated by summing up energy deposits in the
7 CsIs. Each CsI energy was calibrated by using thecosmic data and GEANT4 simulation. The left panelof Figure 2 shows the photon hit rates measured runby-run. Each run is typically ∼20-30 min long. It isshown that the background photons from the residual gases (ION OFF) occupy the majority of the total
event rate (ION ON), and the net photon event ratefrom Xe target (ION ON-OFF) is ∼10-15 kHz. The
run-by-run luminosities, as shown in the right panel ofFig. 2, are estimated as L = Nbr /tσbr ϵ where σbr is the
cross-section of the bremsstrahlung process for a given
energy range3) and ϵ is the detection eﬃciency evaluated by GEANT4. The net photon event rate (Nbr /t)
and the integral of σbr are limited only above 50 MeV
to avoid a huge background of low energy photons.
The average luminosity during this commissioning experiment is estimated to be (2.02±0.12)×1026 cm−2 s−1
including systematic uncertainties. The systematic error that originates in the CsI energy resolution is thelargest contribution (2.8%). The energy pile-up contribution, which appears as entries above 150 MeV in
Fig. 1 if more than two photons from independent
bremsstrahlung processes hit CsIs within a trigger window, is found to be negligible.
In summary, we have performed a commissioning experiment for SCRIT using 132 Xe at Ee = 150 MeV, anddemonstrated that the luminosity measured by LMonreached ∼ 2×1026 cm−2 s−1 . Since the background rate
is found to be more than 3-4 times higher than the signal event rate, the next important step is to carefully
investigate the background contributions by GEANT4
simulation. It should also be noted that more recent
studies of the electron beam improved the luminosity
by a couple of factors, and the result will be reported
in near future.
3

100 ×1090

ION OFF80

ION ON-OFF

70
Hit Rate (Hz)104

ION ON

Count

103

5
ION ONION OFF

60
50
40
30

102

20
0

1
0

50

100
150
Energy (MeV)

∗3

3

2
1

95

100
105
110
Run Number

115

0

95

100
105
110
Run Number

115

200

Fig. 1. Total energy distributions of CsI with Xe trap (ION
ON), without Xe trap (ION OFF) and the diﬀerence
between the two (ION ON-OFF).
∗2

4

10

10

∗1

Luminosity [ x1026 (cm-2 sec-1)]

105

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Electron-Photon Science, Tohoku University- 185 -

Fig. 2. Run dependence of photon hits rates at CsI (left),
and the measured luminosity (right).

References
1) M. Wakasugi et al.: NIM B317, 668 (2013).
2) S. Yoneyama et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 227 (2015).
3) Y. S. Tsai, Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 815 (1974).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Current status of RI beam production at electron-beam-driven RI
separator for SCRIT (ERIS)
T. Ohnishi,∗1 S. Ichikawa,∗1 M. Togasaki,∗1,∗2 K. Kurita,∗1,∗2 and M. Wakasugi∗1
The ERIS1) (electron-beam-driven RI separator for
SCRIT) at the SCRIT electron scattering facility2) isan online isotope separator system used to produce
low-energy RI beams for electron-scattering experiments of unstable nuclei. Recent developments of the
ERIS were reported in Ref. 3. In this year, we performed an operation for a long period of time using
stable ions to evaluate the stability of the ERIS. In
addition, improvements were made to increase rate ofunstable nuclei. In this paper, we report the results
and the present status of the ERIS.
The operation of the ERIS started on May 8, 2015.
Beams of stable xenon ions were used for the optimization of the ion transport line and the commissioning of
the new electron spectrometer, WiSES4) . In this operation, the ionization chamber and the transfer tube
equipped with the cathode head were the same as in
the case of the production of unstable nuclei. These
parts were heated using self-resistance heating with alarge current, about 325 A, and the temperature wasmaintained at about 2273 K. The maximum currentof 132 Xe was about 400 nA. After seven months of operation, the cathode head was broken on December 2,
2015.
Figure 1 shows the long-term trend of the cathode voltage and the vacuum degree of the acceleration chamber, which is one order higher than that of
the ion source. For constant current operation, thecathode voltage aﬀects the condition of the electrodes.
When the cathode voltage decreased and became constant, the connection between the cathode head andthe transfer tube improved. Finally, the cathode voltage increased rapidly, because the cathode head became thinner and it broke.
This operation period was much longer than in 2013,
about 2 months. One of the key points was a high vacuum degree because of the minor damage to electrodes
caused by a small amount of residual gas. The otherkey point was considered as small thermal stress. The
cathode current was continuously applied during theoperation period except for during the planned blackout. Therefore, damage from the thermal stress causedby the variation of the temperature was estimated tobe very small.
In order to increase the extraction rate of unstable
nuclei, a new ionization chamber of the ERIS is considered. Figure 2 shows a schematic of the new ionizationchamber. By applying a voltage higher than the anodevoltage to the entrance and exit grid electrodes, stacking of ions is expected to occur inside the ionizationchamber. For positive ion extraction, voltage lower
than the anode voltage is applied only to the exit grid.
The optimization of the exit grid voltage improves theextraction using the extractor. This new chamber isstill being manufactured.
In summary, we performed a stability test of the
ERIS with the long-term operation. This gives us very
useful information about the stable operation withhigh temperature conditions. Plans to improve the efﬁciency of the ERIS, mainly the extraction eﬃciency,
are underway.

Fig. 2. Schematic of new ionization chamber of ERIS. The
entrance and exit grid electrodes are connected to theionization chamber through an insulator.
Fig. 1. Long-term trends of cathode voltage (black) andpressure of the acceleration chamber (blue). The period is from May 8 to December 2, 2015. During theoperation, there were two planned blackouts.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 186 -

References
1) T. Ohnishi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 357 (2013).
2) M. Wakasugi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 668(2013).
3) T. Ohnishi et al., Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 229 (2015).
4) K. Tsukada et al., Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 23 (2015).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Commissioning of SCRIT electron scattering facility with stable
nuclear targets
K. Tsukada,∗1,∗2 K. Adachi,∗1,∗3 A. Enokizono,∗1,∗3 T. Fujita,∗1,∗3 M. Hori,∗1,∗3 K. Kurita,∗1,∗3 T. Ohnishi,∗1
T. Suda,∗1,∗2 T. Tamae,∗1,∗2 K. Yamada,∗1,∗3 M. Wakasugi,∗1 and M. Watanabe∗1clearly seen. Figure 3 shows the angular distribution ofelastic events corrected by the acceptance after background subtraction. In the present analysis, it is assumed that the xenon ions are distributed uniformly in
the SCRIT. In the forward region, the calculation andour results are almost consistent. The statistics, however, is not enough in the backward region to discuss
the consistencies. Even now, the data taking are being
continuously taken by using the 132 Xe target with anelectron energy of 150 MeV.
In summary, the angular distributions of a stable nuclear target have been measured and compared with a
DWBA calculation. Before proceeding to experimentswith unstable nuclei, we need more studies with stabletargets to understand the acceptance.
150

Ion
IN
40msec

Ion
OUT

Ion
IN

Target Ion IN

40msec10msecTarget Ion OUT

100

50

0
-300

-200

-100

0

100

200
300
Z [mm]

Fig. 2. Vertex point distribution along the beam line. Innerﬁgure shows the time structure of the target conditions.

10 2

L dσ [(cm -2s-1)(cm 2sr -1)]dΩThe SCRIT electron scattering facility has been developed at RIBF for realizing electron scattering oﬀ
unstable nuclei. Construction of a magnetic spectrometer, WiSES (Window-frame Spectrometer for Electron Scattering), and a luminosity monitor almost ﬁnished in November 2014, and the detector commissioning started1,2) . ERIS (electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT) and an ion transportation system havebeen continuously developed up until now to increase
the target ion trapped in the SCRIT.
This year, commissioning experiments with several
kinds of stable nuclear targets have been performed inorder to evaluate the performance of SCRIT facility.
Metal wires of diameter 50 μm made of tungsten
and titanium were horizontally mounted at the center of the SCRIT device as stable nuclear targets. Bychanging the position of these wires remotely, the luminosity can be controlled. Figure 1 shows the angular distribution of elastic scattering events correctedby the acceptance for the tungsten target. These data
were taken in July 2015. Although a DWBA calculation3) is consistent with our results in the forward
region, there are small discrepancies of around 50◦ .
The xenon ion beams have been stably provided by
ERIS4) . For the commissioning, 132 Xe was used as astable target because the natural abundance of 132 Xe
is 26.9%, which is the largest in the series of xenon
isotopes. Figure 2 shows the vertex point distribution
along the beam line. These data were taken in December 2015. As shown in the inner ﬁgure of Fig. 2, theconditions of 132 Xe and the empty target interchanged
every 50 ms with an interval of 10 ms.
The diﬀerence between Ion IN and Ion OUT is

Ee=150 MeV
Exp. Ion IN-OUT
132
DWBA calc., for Xe
assuming L=2.2x1026 [cm-2 s-1 ]10preliminary

1

L dσ [(cm -2s-1)(cm 2sr -1)]
dΩ

10 -1

Ee=200 MeV
Exp. data
184
DWBA calc. for W
assuming L=2.1x1028 [cm -2s -1 ]

10 3
10 2

10 -225preliminary

1
40

50
60
Scattering angle [deg]Fig. 1. Obtained diﬀerential cross section for tungsten target at the electron beam energy of 200 MeV. The solidline is a calculation by DWBA code assuming averaged
luminosity of 2.1×1028 [cm−2 s−1 ].
∗1
∗2
∗3

35

40

45
50
55
60
Scattering Angle [deg]Fig. 3. Obtained diﬀerential cross section for 132 Xe target
at the electron beam energy of 150 MeV. The solid line
is a calculation by DWBA code assuming averaged luminosity of 2.2×1026 [cm−2 s−1 ].

10

30

30

RIKEN Nishina Center
ELPH, Tohoku University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 187 -

References
1) K. Tsukada et al., Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 23 (2015).
2) S. Yoneyama et al., Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 227 (2015).
3) B. Drepher et al., a phase-shift calculation code for elastic electron scattering, communicated by J. Friedrich.
4) T. Ohnishi et al., in this progress report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)New
for accelerators
acceleratorsin
inthe
the SCRIT
SCRIT facility
facility
New design
design ofof timing-controller
timing-controller circuit board
board forM. Watanabe,＊1 A. Enokizono,＊1,2 M. Hara,＊1 T. Hori,＊1 S. Ichikawa,＊1 K. Kurita,＊2 T. Ohnishi,＊1
T. Suda,＊1,3 T. Tamae,＊1,3 M. Togasaki,＊1 K. Tsukada,＊1,3 M. Wakasugi,＊1 and K. Yamada＊2
A timing-controller circuit board installed in the electron
injection system at the SCRIT facility1) has been designed
for electron beam injection from a racetrack microtron(RTM) into the storage ring (SR2). However, it is used to
inject the electrons into the electron-beam driven RI
separator2) (ERIS) at the SCRIT facility. For electron
injection into the SR2, the frequency of the beam pulse
frequency is 2.0 Hz. On the other hand, a higher frequency
is desired to have a high intensity beam of RIs of ERIS.
The SR2 was developed as the electron storage ring inorder to provide synchrotron radiation for basic research
and/or application for industries as the lithography lightsource. Consequently, the timing controller system for theelectron injection does not have the function to inject thebeam into another facility such as ERIS. In order to satisfy
both injection conditions into SR2 and ERIS, thetiming-controller should have a function to switch the beam
between the storage ring SR2 and ERIS and to change theinjection conditions. In this report, we detail the new designfor the timing-controller circuit board. The circuit board has
functions for processing internal pulse triggers and external
triggers to utilize various injection parameters for ERIS.
Therefore, we added a switching function onto the newboard.
We used the 74HC logic IC family to construct the circuitas the original circuit is designed using the 74HC logic IC
family and it is relatively easy to buy this from the vendors.
In addition, almost all of the 74HC family is provided in
DIP packages. The speed of 74HC is high enough for morethan 1 kHz frequency. The final goal of the frequency is 100
Hz for this new board.
Figure 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram for one
channel. Each channel has two trigger inputs (Ext. TRG
and TRG), interlock signal inputs (Ext. I/L and I/L), andone trigger selector input. One board has five channels
inside.

Ext. I/L

output74HC157

pulse

I/L
Ext. TRG
TRG

74HC158

trans.
FETLine Driver

selector
Fig. 1. Simplified schematic of the circuit.
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University＊3
ELPH, Tohoku University＊1＊2

Figure 2 is the photo of the developed circuit board. The
white connector at the right side is for the connection to themother board of the timing-controller system. In theconnector, there are 5 coaxial connectors for internal trigger
input, 5 interlock signal pins (24 V), and DC 15 V powerline. The 15 V is converted into 5 V by a regulator IC toprovide electric power for the logic ICs. On the left side,
there are 5 coaxial connectors for external trigger inputs, 5external interlock pins, and int./ext. selector pins. The
selector pins can be used by either short/open or 5 V / 0 V
states. To use the 5 V / 0 V states as selectors, IC 62003 has
to be installed into the IC socket next to the input pins.
Other than the input connectors, there are a few DIP
switches on the board. One of them is a selector switch that
select the terminator for the external trigger input. It is
possible to choose either 50 ohm or 1M ohm. Other
switches are “interlock ON” switch and “interlock flip”
switches.
Output trigger lines are insulated from the logic systemof this circuit board by pulse transformers. Input signals
into the pulse transformers are supplied by the series ofdriver ICs and FETs to provide sufficient voltage and power
for 50 ohm impedance lines. The pulse peak heights fromthe FETs are close to the 15 V power line. The outputs fromthe pulse transformers should be similar to the input signals,
since the ratio of the transformer is 1:1. In order to modify
the pulse shape of the output, zener diodes are used tocontrol the output pulse heights. All output pulse except forthe output for the RF driver is set at 5 V heights. The widthsof the pulses depends on the input trigger widths.
The newly designed circuit boards have been alreadyinstalled, and they are confirmed to work at the frequencyof 100 Hz.

Fig. 2. Photo of the timing-controller circuit board. The left
side is for the external trigger input area, and the rightinternal. The black connector at the left bottom is selector
pins for the int./ext. input switches.
References

1) M. Wakasugi et al.: Nucl. Instr. And Meth. B317, 668 (2013)
2) T. Ohnishi et al.: Phys. Scr. T166, 014071 (2015)- 188 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

All-solid-state continuous-wave laser source at 313 nm for laser
cooling of Be+ ions
A. Takamine,∗1 H. Ohmae,∗2 M. Wada,∗1,∗3 and H. Katori∗2

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN
Wako Nuclear Science Research Center, KEK- 189 -are generated by an electro optical modulator (EOM).
TA 939 nm, 2 W

PDisolator

isolator

PD

313 nm
~5 mW

SFG

PD

λ/2

470 nm
200 mWEOM

939 nm

20 mW

fiber
coupler

SHG

ECDL
↓
wavemater,
frequency comb

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the laser setup.

Figure 2 (a) shows the measurement results of theinjection current dependence of the output power fromthe TA chip at 22.01 ◦ C with a seed light of 10 mW.
The output power of the single-mode laser light fromthe ﬁber output coupler was 900 mW with a ﬁber input
of 1.72 W, including the ampliﬁed spontaneous emission background. The highest 620 mW power of the
470 nm laser was obtained from SHG at a pump powerof 900 mW, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), which means weachieved a high second harmonic conversion eﬃciencyof ∼70 %. Although tuning of SFG cavity is now under way, we have a high degree of expectation for thisnovel scheme to produce laser light at 313 nm intense
enough for laser cooling experiments.
(b)2

SHG output power [W](a)TA output power [W]An all-solid-state laser system operated at a wavelength of 313 nm is developed for laser cooling of Be+ions aimed at hyperﬁne anomaly measurements of Be
isotope ions, including the neutron halo nucleus 11 Be1) ,and sympathetic cooling of highly charged ions with
Be+ ions.
Laser beams at 313 nm were traditionally produced
by second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a 626 nm radiation obtained from a dye laser2) . However, compared with such a liquid laser, a solid-state laser ismore suitable for long-term operation because of its reliability and stability. In recent years, solid-state laser
systems to provide light in a single-mode at 313 nm
have been demonstrated: sum-frequency generation(SFG) of a 532 nm frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser
and a 760 nm Ti:sapphire laser3) , frequency quintupling of a 1565 nm ampliﬁed ﬁber laser system4) , SHG
of a 626 nm laser light by SFG of ampliﬁed ﬁber laser
systems at 1550 nm and 1051 nm5) , and frequency
doubling of a 626 nm light from a cooled down diodelaser6) . Although some of these can produce 313 nm
light with a high power of more than 100 mW, they
are expensive. The procedure in Ref.6) is the cheapest
but it requires a very high ﬁnesse SHG cavity, whichmight cause a noisy output because the ﬂuctuation of
the cavity length needs to be suppressed to the levelmuch smaller than the ratio of the laser wavelength tothe ﬁnesse and the ﬂuctuation of the laser frequency isrequired to be much smaller than the ratio of the free
spectral range to the ﬁnesse.
We develop a cost-eﬃcient laser system with a reasonably high output power as shown in Fig. 1. Laserlight at 939 nm from a Littrow conﬁguration externalcavity diode laser (ECDL) is ampliﬁed up to ∼2 W
through a tapered ampliﬁer (TA) chip (m2k-TA-0952000). The high power 939 nm light is delivered
through an optical ﬁber and divided into two beams.
One is injected into a SHG cavity with a type-I phasematching BiB3 O6 crystal to produce 470 nm laser
light. The other 939 nm beam and the 470 nm SHG
output beam are injected into a SFG cavity with a
type-I phase-matching BBO crystal to produce 313 nm
laser light with an expected power of ∼5 mW, which
is high enough for laser cooling of Be+ ions. The cavity lengths are controlled by using Pound-Drever-Halllocking7) with the reﬂected pump beams from the input couplers, which are monitored by photodetectors(PDs). The sidebands required for the locking scheme

1.5
1
0.5
0

0

1

2

3

TA input current [mA]

4

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

SHG input power [W]

Fig. 2. (a) TA output power as a function of injection currents with a seed light of 10 mW at 939 nm. (b) Output
power of SHG as a function of the input power of 939 nm
laser light.

References
1) A. Takamine et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B in press
doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2015.12.027
2) C. Monroe et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4011 (1995).
3) H. Schnitzler et al.: Appl. Opt. 41, 7000 (2002).
4) S. Vasilyev et al.: Appl. Phys. B 103, 27 (2011).
5) A. C. Wilson et al.: Appl. Phys. B 105, 741 (2011).
6) F. M. J. Cozijin et al: Opt. Lett. 38, 2370 (2013).
7) R. W. P. Drever et al.: Appl. Phys. B 31, 97 (1983).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

An injection-locked Titanium:Sapphire laser for high-resolution in-jet
resonance ionization spectroscopy at PALIS
M. Reponen,∗1 T. Sonoda,∗1 M. Wada,∗2 D. Matsui,∗3 V. Sonnenschein,∗3 T. Takamatsu,∗3 and H. Tomita∗3

Fig. 1. Injection-locked laser in operation

Fig. 2. Wavelength vs. time-of-ﬂight spectra for stable Zr.

The PArasitic Laser Ion-Source (PALIS)1) of the
SLOWRI -facility2) at RIKEN Nishina Center is a gascell -based device intended for producing pure, lowenergy beams of exotic nuclei. The device primarily
operates by ﬁrst stopping and neutralizing the discarded fraction of the isotopes produced in projectile fragmentation and in-ﬂight ﬁssion reactions, followed by selective re-ionization by lasers and subsequent mass separation.
The present PALIS laser system consists ofbroadband, high-power dye lasers and of a Titanium:Sapphire laser operating at a 10 kHz repetition
rate. The combination of dye and solid-state lasers
coupled with harmonic generation capability provides
high-pulse power and a broad wavelength coverage
from the near-infrared to deep UV regions thus enabling access to a wide selection of ionization schemes.
The wide ≥1.5 GHz bandwidth of these lasers is optimal for eﬃcient in-gas-cell resonance ionization where
the atomic transitions are broadened owing to the highbuﬀer gas pressure (up to 1000 mbar).
The broad overall linewidth in the case of the in-gascell resonance laser ionization masks the small perturbations the nucleus exerts on the atomic energy levels. The inability to resolve features such as hyperﬁne
structure and isotope shift limits the applicability of
in-gas-cell resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS).
However, upon exiting the gas cell, the buﬀer gas expands to a supersonic jet where the temperature andpressure, and thus the primary line broadening mechanisms, are greatly suppressed3) . In order to take advantage of this environment and to provide a high∗1∗2∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Res Org. (KEK)
Department of Quantum Engineering, University of Nagoya- 190 -

resolution RIS capability for the PALIS -facility, aprogram to develop a narrowband Titanium:Sapphirelaser has been initiated. The ring cavity based slave
resonator is an evolution of the design from the University of Mainz4) and from the University of Jyväskylä5) .
The laser produces a narrowband output by utilizing
the so-called injection-locking that enables bandwidth
down to ∼20 MHz, while preserving the high pulse
power required to eﬃciently drive atomic transitions.
The laser, presented in Fig. 1, has been designed
and constructed in collaboration with the Universityof Nagoya, where it has also been commissioned via
resonance ionization of zirconium using a transition at
388.65 nm combined with an non-resonant ionization
step (see Fig. 2). Initial results indicate a total resolution of ≤500 MHz, suﬃcient to partially resolve thehyperﬁne structure in 91 Zr and isotope shift δν 90,A .
The near future plan is to study the laser properties
in detail in order to determine the fundamental bandwidth and stability, and to expand the laser wavelength
range to 732 nm and 980 nm regions in order to gain
access to elements such as copper and silver. Following this, the initial oﬀ-line in-jet RIS of stable copper
isotopes will be performed at PALIS in order to verify
the lasers feasibility for nuclear laser spectroscopy.
References
1) T. Sonoda et.al AIP Conf. Proc. 1104, 132 (2009).
2) M. Wada et al. , Hyp. Int. 199, 269 (2011).
3) R. Ferrer et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B
291, 29 (2011).
4) T. Kessler et al., Las. Phys. 18, 842 (2008).
5) V. Sonnenschein: PhD Thesis, JYFL Res. Report No.
1/2015.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of magnetic field coils
for laser spectroscopy of atoms in He II
T. Fujita,∗1,∗2 K. Imamura,∗1,∗3 D. Tominaga,∗4,∗1 T. Kawaguchi,∗4,∗1 T. Egami,∗4,∗1 T. Nishizaka,∗4,∗1
T. Kobayashi,∗5 A. Takamine,∗1 T. Furukawa,∗6,∗1 H. Ueno,∗1 T. Shimoda,∗2 and Y. Matsuo∗4,∗1

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

due to limitations of space inside the cryostat5) . In
our new setup, we constructed a set of large squarecoils, which can be placed outside the cryostat. The
coils are represented in orange in Fig. 1. Figure 2
shows the resonance spectrum obtained using the newcoils. The measurement precision was improved by
one order of magnitude as compared with the previous work5) owing to the reduced inhomogeneities in
the applied magnetic ﬁeld as well as the increment of
the LIF counts. The achieved precision is satisfactory
for the discussion of hyperﬁne anomaly. However, theobtained spectrum was slightly distorted by the inhomogeneities of the magnetic ﬁelds, presumably due toenvironmental magnetic ﬁelds.




Nuclear spins and electromagnetic moments are important properties for investigating nuclear structures.
To determine these properties of low yield exotic
nuclei, we have been developing OROCHI (Optical
RI-atom Observation in Condensed Helium as Ioncatcher) method, which is a laser spectroscopic method
using superﬂuid helium (He II) as a stopping material for energetic ion beams. In this method, we measure the atomic Zeeman and hyperﬁne structure (HFS)
splitting energies of neutralized atoms in He II using
laser-radio frequency (RF)/microwave (MW) double
resonance method1) . Then, the nuclear spins and moments are deduced. The eﬀectiveness of the OROCHI
method was conﬁrmed by the experiments using energetic 84−87 Rb beams at the RIPS beam line, RIKEN2) .
In addition, the Zeeman and HFS splittings of stable
Rb, Cs, and Au atoms in He II have been observedin oﬄine experiments. Improvement of measurement
accuracy and precision leads us to discuss higher order eﬀects such as hyperﬁne anomaly. Recently, themeasurement accuracy is successfully improved by one
order of magnitude by scanning the MW frequency using phase-locking3) . In order to increase the precision,
we installed a new set of magnetic ﬁeld coils to suppress the inhomogeneity of an applied magnetic ﬁeld.
We here report the current status of HFS measurementof stable Au atoms.
Figure 1 shows our oﬄine experimental apparatus.
An open-topped cubic quartz cell was fully ﬁlled withHe II. The Au sample was placed 1 cm above the
He II surface. The Au atoms were prepared in He
II by laser sputtering of the sample with two pulsed
lasers4) . The atoms were optically pumped by irradiation with the frequency-quadrupled laser radiationof an LD-pumped pulsed 1054 nm Nd:YLF laser at a
3 kHz repetition rate. We set RF coils and an MW
loop antenna for the double resonance method. The
emitted laser-induced-ﬂuorescence (LIF) photons werefocused onto a photomultiplier tube (PMT) through a
monochromator for wavelength selection.
In the previous experiments, a pair of circular coils
was located near the quartz cell. The obtained resonance peaks, which are expected to be Lorentzian
shapes, were distorted because it was diﬃcult to apply a uniform magnetic ﬁeld in the observation region

Fig. 1. Experimental apparatus.









 
  




Fig. 2. MW resonance spectrum of 197 Au.

Next, we plan to measure HFS splittings using threeaxis coils for canceling environmental magnetic ﬁelds,
shown as gray coils in Fig. 1. After the test experiment, we will start the measurement for stable Ag
atoms, which belong to the same group of atom as Au
and have two stable isotopes.
References
1) S. Lang et al.: Europhys. Lett. 30(4), 233 (1995).
2) X.F. Yang et al.: Phys. Rev. A 90, 052516 (2014).
3) K. Imamura et al.: Hype. Interact. 230, 73 (2015).
4) T. Furukawa et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 095301 (2006).
5) T. Fujita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 212(2014).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Meiji University
Department of Physics, Hosei University
RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University- 191 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Intensity evaluation of laser-RF double resonance signal of Rb atoms
in superfluid helium cryostat
K. Imamura,∗1,∗2 T. Furukawa,∗3,∗1 T. Wakui,∗4,∗1 T. Fujita,∗1,∗5 M. Hayasaka,∗6,∗1 M. Matsumoto,∗6,∗1
T. Egami,∗7,∗1 D. Tominaga,∗7,∗1 H. Odashima,∗2 H. Ueno,∗1 and Y. Matsuo∗7,∗1
A laser spectroscopy technique named OROCHI(Optical Radioisotope atom Observation in Condensed
Helium as Ion-catcher) has been developed in RIKEN.
Owing to the intriguing properties of superfluid helium as a host matrix of atoms, high energetic ionsprovided from accelerator facilities can be efficiently
utilized to measure nuclear properties such as nuclear
spins and moments1) . In the OROCHI experiment,
energetic ions are injected into superfluid helium andneutralized during their stopping process. By applying a circularly polarized laser, neutralized atoms exhibit spin polarization. We observe the variation intensity of emitted photons from atoms using laser-RF(radio frequency)/MW(microwave) double resonancespectroscopy to measure Zeeman/hyperfine splittingof atoms. The measurement enables us to deduce thenuclear spin/moment values. Thus far, we have conducted a series of experiments using 84−87 Rb ion beams
at the RIPS separator2) . The successful measurementof Zeeman splitting of Rb atoms and the deduction of
the nuclear spin value of 84−87 Rb show the applicability of the OROCHI method to rare isotopes.
However, there are several technical difficulties when
applying OROCHI to low-yield spices also emerged.
One of the main difficulties is the low intensity of the
double resonance signal induced by RF or MW fields.
The resonance signal observed in the on-line experiment was approximately three times lower than thatobserved in the off-line test experiments. To identify
the cause of this discrepancy, we conducted experiments to evaluate the appropriate signal intensity ofthe double resonance using a pyrex gas cell that contains Rb and He gases using two types of setups. One
was basically the same scheme as the off-line test experiment described in Ref 1). The difference was thatthe gas cell was placed in a quartz cubic cell instead ofa superfluid helium liquid. In the other setup, the gas
cell was placed at the center of the cryostat used forthe on-line experiment. In the experiments, we used an
external cavity laser diode (ECLD) as a pumping laser
with on intensity was of approximately 1.0 mW (with adiameter of 3 mm, and a wavelength of 795 nm). Boththe static magnetic field and fixed-frequency oscillating
RF field were applied to atoms using Helmholtz coils
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Meiji University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Tohoku University, CYRIC
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University
Department of Physics, Hosei University

and RF coils, respectively. Magnetic resonance peaks
caused by the RF field were obtained by sweeping thestrength of the statistic magnetic field.
Figures 1(a) and (b) show the intensity dependenceof the resonance peak against the RF field intensity
using the off-line and on-line setups, respectively. As
seen in Fig.1, we find that the resonance signal of theoff-line setup reaches the saturation region with an RF
intensity of two orders of magnitude smaller than thecase of the on-line setup. This large discrepancy in
RF intensity dependence is attributed to the followings. In the setup used for the on-line experiment,
the transmission line to provide RF power is approximately 10 times longer than that used in the off-line
test experiment. This long transmission line may be
the reason for the significant loss in the RF field. The
second possible reason is the difference in the shapesof the RF coils. The RF coils used in the on-line experiment is slightly smaller than the coils used in theoff-line experiment because of the geometric limitationof the cryostat for the beam experiment. This might
have lowered the intensity of the applied RF field. The
third reason is the large width of resonance spectra
due to the inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field.
Broadened resonance spectra require a larger RF fieldpower to saturate the resonance peaks. The improvement in the experimental setup to solve the problems
mentioned above is now in progress.

Fig. 1. RF power dependence of resonance peak heights

References
1) T. Furukawa et al.: Hyperfine Interact. 196, 191(2010).
2) X. F. Yang et al.: Phys. Rev. A 90, 052516(2014).

- 192 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Formation of uniform heavy-ion beam for industrial utilization
T. Kambara∗1 and A. Yoshida∗1
RIKEN provides 70 MeV/A Kr and 95 MeV/A Ar
beams from RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC) to privatecompanies under fee-based utilization. The customers
irradiate their samples in atmosphere with a beam ofuniform ﬂux distribution and speciﬁed LET. In orderto address their requirements, we installed a dedicatedirradiation setup at the E5A beam line with a pairof wobbler magnets, scatterer foil, and variable energy degrader.1) The principle is the same as that forbiological irradiation at RRC.2) Here, we report theformation and characterization of the uniform beamintensity distribution.
The ion beam experiences multiple scattering at
the scatterer foil and its angular distribution has
a Gaussian form. Accordingly, the lateral beamintensity distribution at downstream has a Gaussian
form exp(−d2 /σ 2 ), where d is the distance from the
spot center, and the spot width σ is proportional to the
distance from the foil. In addition, the wobbler magnets deﬂect the beam so that the beam center traces acircle, whose radius is denoted as R. Combining theseeﬀects, we can obtain a uniform dose distribution for
the irradiation. According to the customers’ requests,
we aim at a uniform beam ﬂux within 50-mm diameterat the irradiation position, approximately 4 m downstream from the scatterer. The dose at a distance r
from the center of the circle is proportional to:
( )2n
∞
[
]∑
1
Rr
2
2
2
F (r) = exp −(r + R )/σ
. (1)
2
(n!)
σ2
n=0

The shape of F (r) is determined by a parameter R/σ,and the intensity distribution is nearly uniform withinradius R when R/σ  1.
We evaluated the eﬀects of the scatterer and thewobbler magnets by measuring the lateral beam-ﬂux
distribution at the irradiation position. As the scatterer, we used a gold foil with a thickness of 73 µm for
the Ar beam and 46 µm for the Kr beam. The beamﬂux distribution was measured with a Si detector thatmoved across the beam in 5-mm steps on a motordriven linear slider. The count rate of the Si detector ateach position was normalized by the total ﬂux counted
by a plastic scintillator upstream. With the wobbler
OFF, we obtained the width σ of the beam-spot distribution and with the wobbler ON, we evaluated thebeam uniformity and compared it with Eq. 1.
Figure 1 shows the results for the Ar beam and Fig.
2 for the Kr beam. The dots denote the normalizedcount rate of the Si detector. The open dots are notincluded in the following analyses because they are outof the aperture at the beam extraction window that∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 193 -

Fig. 1. Flux distribution of Ar beam without (left) andwith (right) wobbler. The line in the graph on the left
is the best-fit Gaussian function for the data of black
dots, the line on the right is calculated using Eq. 1.

Fig. 2. Same as Fig. 1 for Kr beam.

was 60 mm ϕ for Ar and 50 mmϕ for Kr. The best-ﬁt
Gaussian functions to the measurements with the wobbler OFF, shown by lines in the left-hand side ﬁgures,give the beam-spot widths σ of 28.25 mm for the Ar
beam and 26.5 mm for the Kr beam. With the wobbler
ON, the beam-spot center drew a circle with a radius
R = 28.8 mm for Ar (R/σ = 1.02) and 29 mm for Kr(R/σ = 1.09). The beam uniformity is within ±10 %for Ar and ±5 % for Kr within the aperture. The lines
in the ﬁgures on the right-hand side show the calculation results using Eq. 1, which well reproduces themeasurements.
The Bethe-Molière formula3) of multiple scatteringwell reproduced the angular width of multiple scattering deduced from the measured σ, and it can be auseful guideline for heavier ions.
References
1) T. Kambara and A. Yoshida, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.
48, 239 (2015).
2) T. Kanai et al., NIRS-M-91 (HIMAC-004), (1993).
3) H. A. Bethe, Phys. Rev. 89, 1256 (1953).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Gamma-ray inspection of rotating object
T. Kambara,∗1 H. Haba,∗1 and A. Yoshida∗1
We are developing a new method to determine thespatial distribution of positron-emitting RIs on a rotating object, based on the same working principle asmedical PET systems, but simpler and less expensive.
In the method called gamma-ray inspection of rotating object (GIRO), an object with positron-emitting
sources continuously rotates and a couple of gammaray detectors move in parallel back and forth on either side of the object. The rate of simultaneous detection of two positron-annihilation gamma rays as afunction of the detector position and orientation of theobject yields a sinogram, from which the source distribution on the object is reconstructed by a maximumlikelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) algorithm. The principle and some results of test measurements with a prototype instrument have been reported.1,2) The instrument has since been modiﬁed sothat the detectors move back and forth instead of therotating object.
We used 22 Na sources for the test measurements:
two point-like sources (1.55 and 64 kBq) and one
with a two-dimensional RI distribution (149 kBq).
Since we required more intense sources with more variety of activity-distribution patterns, we attempted
to use new two-dimensional sources with 89 Zr nuclide (T1/2 =78 hours), which was produced by a89
Y(d,2n)89 Zr reaction at the AVF cyclotron with a
24-MeV deuteron beam. We prepared a ﬁlter paper
cut out to letters (“RIKEN RIBF” with a characterheight of 26 mm) and ﬁgures of a circle (60 mm ϕ), asquare (40 mm × 40 mm), and a rectangle (30.5 mm
× 83 mm), and dripped a hydrochloric acid solution of
89
Zr on them. The paper pieces were then dried andsealed between plastic sheets and used as sources for
GIRO. GIRO was equipped with two NaI scintillation
detectors with 6-mm wide and 3-cm thick vertical collimators. The object rotated at 150 rpm, and the linear
motion of the detectors was 2-mm/step and 1 step/10s
over a ±74-mm range. The source distributions werereconstructed from the sinograms by ML-EM,3) andcompared with those obtained by imaging plates.
Figure 1 shows an image of a composite of thesquare, rectangle, and circle. The average activity wasapproximately 1.17 MBq during the measurement timeof 19.4 hours. The GIRO image (right) reproduces not
only the shape of the source but also the gross patternof the activity distribution on the source taken by animaging plate (left). Figure 2 shows an image of thesource cut out as letters. The average activity was approximately 1.15 MBq during the measurement of 16.8
hours. The letters are only roughly reproduced.
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 194 -The present experiments show that GIRO can well
reproduce the gross structure of the two-dimensionalsource distribution, but the reproduction of structures
ﬁner than the collimator width is diﬃcult.

Fig. 1. Imaging plate (left) and image reconstructed fromsinogram by GIRO (right) of a composite of figures.

Fig. 2. Imaging plate (left) and image reconstructed fromsinogram by GIRO (right) of letters.

References
1) T. Kambara, H. Takeichi, and A. Yoshida: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 216 (2014).
2) T. Kambara, A. Yoshida and H. Takeichi: Nucl. Instr.
Meth. A 797, 1 (2015).
3) H. Takeichi, T. Kambara, and A. Yoshida: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 217 (2014).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of a new cluster reconstruction method for GEM
Tracker for the J-PARC E16 experiment
W. Nakai,∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration

F (x, t) =

N
∑
i=1

∗2

Time [ns]Waveform fit
700

100

600

80

500
60
400
40

300
200

20

100
0

0
63.5

64

64.5

65

65.5

66

66.5
67
Strip position [mm]Fig. 1. Example of waveform fitting. Fitting results areindicated by white circles. Each white circle shows acluster arrival timing and position.
Residual sigma vs Incident angle
0.3

Timing method
COG method
Cluster fit method (new method)

0.25
0.2

Preliminary

0.15
0.1
0.05

qi × I(t − zi /vd )0

× G(x − xi ; σ = 300 µm),

where qi , xi , and zi are fit parameters, vd is drift velocity, N is the number of charge clusters, I is an impulse
response function of preamp, and G is a Gaussian. An
example of the fitting is shown in Fig 1. Because of
gaussian fitting for the x-direction, the horizontal positions of clusters can be derived with the same accuracy
as the COG method. Because of fitting by the impulse
response of the preamp for the t-direction, the arrival
timing of clusters can be obtained with the same accuracy as the timing method. Therefore, it is expectedthat better or equal resolution can be achieved for all
incident angles.
∗1

The test experiment using a 1.0 GeV/c pion beam
was performed at the J-PARC K1.1BR beam line. The
result is shown in Fig 2. Using the new method, theobtained position resolution improved for all incident
angles and was 74 µm for the 30 degrees track.

Residual sigma [mm]The aim of the J-PARC E16 experiment1)3) is tomeasure the mass spectra of vector mesons in nuclear
matter at J-PARC to study the origin of hadron mass.
We developed the Gas Electron Multiplier2) Tracker(GEM Tracker) for a tracking detector. In this paper,
we present a new universal analysis method to handle
the signals of the GEM Tracker for a wide incident
angle.
The detector requires a position resolution of 100µm up to an incident angle of 30 degrees under a highcounting rate environment of up to 5 kHz/mm2 . The
GEM Tracker consists of a drift cathode, triple-GEM
stack, and readout strip board. We chose a strip pitchof 350 µm to achieve the required position resolution
and a very thin drift gap of 3 mm in order to reduce thesignal pile-up in a high counting rate. We will record
waveforms of strip signals using a flash ADC and thesampling rate of the ADC is 40 MS/s. The dynamic
range of the preamplifier is 0.1 pC, and the shaping
time is 50 ns.
We already achieved the required position resolution
at an incident angle of up to 30 degrees with two typesof analysis methods. One of the following two typesof analysis methods has to be chosen according to theincident angle; the center of gravity (COG) method for
0 degrees, and the timing method, which uses arrival
times of signals on each strip, for 15 and 30 degrees4) .
We developed a new universal method independent of the incident angle, which reconstructs chargeclusters generated in the drift gap by fitting several
waveforms of successive strips simultaneously (twodimensional fitting). The fitting function is

Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 195 -

0

5

10

15

20

25
30
Incident angle [degree]

Fig. 2. Standard deviation of residual distribution as afunction of incident angle. The black and red points
have been reported in Ref. 4 and the green points arepresent study.

References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: in this report.
2) F. Sauli, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 386, 531(1997).
3) Y. Morino et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 022009 (2015).
4) Y. Komatsu et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 732,
241-244 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of the eﬀect of radiation damage on the quantum eﬃciency of
a CsI photocathodeK. Kanno∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo- 196 -

Quantum efficiency (%)

50
45

Before irradiation

40

After irradiation

35
30
25
20
15
10
5

Rel.
err.

We measured the eﬀect of radiation damage on thequantum eﬃciency of a CsI photocathode. This study
is of great importance for the performance of the JPARC E161) hadron blind detector (HBD), which uses
a CsI photocathode to detect Cherenkov photons produced by an incident electron in the CF4 radiator. In
the E16 experiment, the HBD is required to identify
electrons with high eﬃciency in the high-rate neutron
environment (<10 MeV, 3 kHz/cm2 ). The radiation
damage of a CsI photocathode caused by these neutrons will degrade the sensitivity of the photocathode
to Cherenkov photons. This degradation of a photocathode decreases the electron detection eﬃciency of
the HBD.
We performed a test experiment at the RIKEN AVF
cyclotron to estimate the eﬀect of the radiation damage
on a CsI photocathode caused by a high-rate neutron
environment. The radiation damage was evaluated bycomparing the quantum eﬃciency before and after theexperiment. In the experimental area, low-energy neutrons were produced by stopping an α-particle beamat 12.5 MeV/u from the cyclotron at a beam dump. A
CsI photocathode contained in a prototype HBD was
irradiated with these low-energy neutrons. It should
be noted that the CsI photocathode was not directly
irradiated with the α-particle beam. The photocathode was not exposed to air at all, because the watercontaminant caused the CsI photocathode to change
its composition and degraded the quantum eﬃciency.2)
The prototype was operated under CF4 gas ﬂow, andthe water contaminant was monitored and maintained
below 15 ppm, which ensured that the photocathode
did not deteriorate at all owing to the water contaminant. The CsI photocathode was evaporated by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and the thickness was 300 nm.
The neutron rate evaluated with a 3 He gas-ﬁlled neutron monitor in the area and a GEANT4 simulation
was approximately 17 kHz/cm2 (<10 MeV) at the position the prototype was located, which was higher
than that of the E16 experiment by a factor of approximately six. The photocathode was irradiated for
35 h in total, and this duration corresponded to approximately nine days in the E16 experiment in termsof the total amount of neutrons.
The result is shown in Fig. 1. The top panel represents the quantum eﬃciency of the CsI photocathodebefore and after the irradiation. The bottom panel
represents the systematic errors in the relative value of

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Wavelength (nm)

10

9

8

Energy (eV)7

Fig. 1. Quantum eﬃciency of the photocathode (top panel)and its systematic error (bottom panel) as a functionof wavelength and energy.

quantum eﬃciency. This systematic error arises fromthe calibration error of our quantum eﬃciency measurement system. Thus, the enhancement of the quantum eﬃciency after the irradiation over the wavelengthof 120–200 nm is signiﬁcant. Although we detected nochanges in the CsI photocathode by visual inspection,
this enhancement might be caused by the change in thesurface structure of the photocathode by high-rate neutrons. The surface structure of a photocathode aﬀects
the photoelectron escape probability from the photocathode.3) Even though further studies are required tounderstand this enhancement, this result ensures thatthe quantum eﬃciency does not decrease for at leastnine days in the E16 experiment.
References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: in this report.
2) A. Breskin: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 371, 116 (1996).
3) C. Lu, K. T. McDonald: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 343,
135 (1994).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Performance of the FVTX high-multiplicity trigger system
for the RHIC-PHENIX experiment Run15
T. Nagashima∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
Protons and neutrons, which are components of familiar substances, are composed of quarks and gluons that bind quarks together. Immediately following
the big bang, under extremely high-density and hightemperature conditions, quarks and gluons are considered to escape from the boundary of nucleons. Thisliquid-like state is called quark-gluon plasma (QGP).
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) is the ﬁrst accelerator aimed at investigating QGP. In particle angular correlations of generated particles in a Au+Au colliding system that was performed at RHIC until 2005,
elliptic azimuthal anisotropy considered to be due to
QGP was observed. Conventionally, QGP was considered to be observed only in nucleus+nucleus collisions because the energy density is not high enough insmall colliding systems. However, several experimentgroups at the LHC have recently reported that similarazimuthal anisotropy was observed in small colliding
systems, such as p+p1) . At RHIC, similar results havebeen observed in d+Au and 3He+Au collisions, but
detailed investigation of p+p collisions has not been
done so far.
The PHENIX experiment group introduced a new
high-multiplicity trigger system using the Forward Silicon Vertex Detector (FVTX) for observation of theelliptic azimuthal anisotropy in the p+p colliding system in RHIC. The trigger signal is generated based on
the number of tracks detected in the FVTX detector.
The FVTX trigger was operated using the AND/OR
operations of south and north trigger signals in Run15
p+p collision. The trigger was commissioned at the beginning of Run15 and started recording physics data by
March 2015. Figure 1 shows the integrated triggered
events in the p+p collision plotted as a function of the
run number. The trigger accumulated 500M events in
p+p collisions.

Figure 2 shows the distribution of the number oftracks detected in the FVTX with a normalized scale
on a vertical axis. Compared to the minimum bias trigger, the FVTX trigger shows a higher average numberof tracks. Especially in the high-multiplicity region,
the FVTX trigger have more statistics by a factor of
100.

Fig. 2. Distribution of number of FVTX tracks for eachtrigger.

The stability of the trigger is evaluated in Figure 3
by correlating the average number of tracks in FVTX
as a function of the run number. The trigger was operated in diﬀerent multiplicity trigger thresholds, whichcaused variations in the average in earlier runs in theplots. There are signiﬁcantly lower average runs, whichappeared discretely. They cannot be explained by thechange of the above mentioned trigger condition andthe reason of this behavior is under investigation.

Fig. 3. Average number of tracks as a function of run
number.

The FVTX triggered samples will be used for twoparticle correlation analysis, one of the methods used
to study the anisotropy of the generated matter fromcollision. The analysis of multiplicity dependence in
Run15 p+p collision is underway.
Fig. 1. FVTX trigger statistics. Red : South AND North.
Blue : South OR North. Black : Sum of AND and OR.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 197 -

Reference
1) V. Khachatryan et al.: CMS Collaboration, JHEP
1009 091 (2010)

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

R&D
detector for thethe sPHENIXsPHENIX tracker
trackerR&D of silicon strip detector
G. Mitsuka,∗1 Y. Akiba,∗1 and I. Nakagawa∗1
The sPHENIX detector is a major upgrade to the
PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and isdesigned for exploring a vast range of physics areas including heavy quarkonia suppression via the three ϒ states andtagging of charm and beauty jets1) . A precision tracking
detector inside the 1.5 T BaBar superconducting solenoid,
as well as a silicon vertex detector currently operated in
PHENIX, play a crucial role in reducing fake track contributions and improving the momentum resolution, leading to
the separation of the three ϒ states and to the separation ofcharm and bottom quarks2) . In this report, we will discuss
the design, technology choices, and R&D status of the prototype sPHENIX silicon tracker with a special emphasis on
the high-density integrated (HDI) circuit and modularized
silicon sensors.
The HDI circuit connects the readout chips to the downstream frontend boards, and custom 128-channel front-end
ASIC ’FPHX’3) chips are planned. The design of the HDI
has taken into account (1) the effects of both common-modeand differential-mode noise, (2) the desire to minimize thegeometrical size, and (3) the desire to limit the material budget. For the first point, the HDI design for the silicon tracker
follows the PHENIX-FVTX design that is coupled to the
FPHX chips and copes with the effects of both commonmode and differential-mode noise by surrounding the signal
layers by the grounding layers4) . The second point is very
important for the silicon tracker S0 and S1 stations (see theother Reports2) for details), as they must be made compact
for installation in a tiny space relative to the S2 station. The
third point is especially important for the S1 station, where
the effects of multiple scattering are most significant andthus may cause poor momentum resolution.
Considering the requirements listed above, we started the
HDI R&D by placing a higher priority on the S0 and S1
stations compared with the S2 station. The current designof the HDI for the S1 station has seven layers of flexible
printed circuits and has dimensions of 28 mm (W) × 500 m(H). The length of the HDI in the beam direction varies from
10 cm to 40 cm. The size of the HDI is well below the geometrical requirements. The prototype HDI has a thicknessof approximately 0.5 % of a radiation length on average.
The seven layers of flexible printed circuits have been designed with a special emphasis on the reduction of any unwanted microstrip antenna and on good impedance matching even at a distance of ∼ 40 cm from the FPHX chip. The
prototype HDIs for the S1 station will be produced by Yamashita Materials Corporation and will be ready for further
assembly in early 2016. Figure 1 shows the layout of the
HDIs for the S1 station.
One silicon sensor, two HDIs with ten FPHX chips for∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 198 -

each, and one CFRP support frame are assembled into asilicon sensor module as shown in Fig. 2. Because of thereadout structure of the silicon sensors, the HDIs are glued
onto both ends of the silicon sensors. In order to reduce
the amount of material used, the two HDIs are completely
separated and not connected.
In the assembly, the bonding of the FPHX chips to the silicon sensor and their attachment to the two HDIs are being
performed as well. Hayashi watch-works Co., Ltd, which
has experience producing the PHENIX VTX pixel detectors,
will be employed for the assembly of the prototype module.
The first prototype module for the S1 station will betested at RIKEN and BNL. The sPHENIX silicon outer
tracker uses essentially the same electronics as the PHENIXFVTX detector, namely the FPHX chip and frontend circuits. The test bench at RIKEN that was originally set up
for the high-multiplicity trigger development for the FVTX
detectors can be applied again to test prototype sensor modules, with minor modifications in the readout configuration.
The test is planned for 2016 spring and summer.

Fig. 1. Layout of the HDIs for the S1 station. The green area indicates the analog and digital circuits.

Fig. 2. CAD drawing for the silicon sensor module for the S1 station.

References

1) A. Adare et al., arXiv:1501.06197.
2) Y. Akiba, G. Mitsuka, and I. Nakagawa, In this report; I. Nakagawa, Y. Akiba, and G. Mitsuka, In this report.
3) J. R. Hoff, T. N. Zimmerman, R. J. Yarema, J. S. Kapustinsky
and M. L. Brookes, Nuclear Science Symposium Conference
Record (NSS/MIC), 2009 IEEE, 75–79 (2009).
4) C. Aidala et al., Nucl. Instrum Methods A 755, 44–61 (2014).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of sensor prototype for sPHENIX Silicon Tracker
Y. Akiba,∗1 I. Nakagawa,∗1 and G. Mitsuka∗1
sPHENIX is a new detector at RHIC1) , which will
be used for measuring jets, direct photons and Upsilon. The detector has electronmagnetic and hadronic
calorimeters to measure jets and a high precision
tracker. The tracker is contained inside a 1.5 T superconducting solenoid which was previously used forBabar experiment at SLAC.
We aim to construct a large silicon tracker for
sPHENIX2) and are working on the research and development of the silicon detector. The tracker consists ofthree tracking stations (from inner to the outer, called
S0, S1 and S2) covering −1 < η < 1 and ∆ϕ = 2π.
The basic building block of the silicon tracker is asensor module, which consists of a sensor, two HighDensity Interconnects (HDIs) for read-out, and mechanical support. We are currently developing a prototype of the silicon module used for the S1 layer. In
this paper we report the status of a prototype silicon
strip sensor for the S1 silicon module. The status of
HDI is reported by another paper3) .

Fig. 1. Conceptual design of the S1 strip sensor.

Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual design of the S1
sensor. The sensor is a single sided, AC coupled sensor. The active area of the sensor, 96 mm (z) × 45.5mm (ϕ), is divided into 10 × 6 blocks. Each block has
128 short strips that are 58 µm in pitch and 9.6 mm
long, and run parallel to the z (beam) direction. In
Fig. 1, the strip runs horizontally. The read-out linesof the strips, indicated by red lines in the ﬁgure, runperpendicular to the strips and bring the signals to theread-out chips placed at the upper and the lower edgeof the sensor. The upper and the lower 3 blocks areconnected upwards and downwards, respectively. This
arrangement reduces the channel count to save the costof the detector. Although signals in the 3 strips are
combined and cannot be distinguished in the read-out
chip, the oﬄine track reconstruction program should
distinguish the correct hit strip by requiring a good χ2
for tracks ﬁtted to all layers simultaneously. The probability of misidentifying the hit strip is low owing to∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 199 -

Fig. 2. A drawing of the S1 prototype sensor.

the expected low channel occupancy. The occupancy
is ≃ 0.2% even in central Au+Au collisions.
FPHX chip, which is used for FVTX silicon detectorof PHENIX, is utilized to read-out the sensor. The
read-out pad pitch of the sensor is thus matched tothat of FPHX chip (75 µm). FPHX chip has low power
consumption, about 64 mW per chip, which reduces
the need for cooling for the sensor module. A FPHX
chip has 128 ch and is used to read-out 3 blocks thatare combined together. A total of 20 FPHX chips, 10at the upper edge and 10 at the lower edge, are used
to read-out one sensor.
The sensor will be manufactured by Hamamatsu
Photonics Co. (HPK). Figure 2 is a part of a design
drawing of the sensor made by HPK. Two sensors will
be fabricated on one 6-inch wafer. The size of the sensor is maximized to fabricate two sensors on a 6-inch
wafer.
We will produce two types of sensors in the same
design. One is 320-µm thick, which is the standard
thickness of wafers that HPK uses. The other one is240-µm thick, which is made by thinining the 320 µm
sensor. The thinner sensor results in lower scatteringof charged particle and thus improve the momentum
resolution of tracks. However, the signal generated bya hit will be reduced. We will evaluate the S/N ratiofor MIP particles for both types of sensors to determine
which one we will use for the production.
The design of the sensor at HPK has been complete
and they are manufacturing the sensors. We expect
the delivery of the sensors by early 2016.
References
1) sPHENIX preliminary Conceptual Design Report(2015).
2) I. Nakagawa, in this report.
3) G. Mitsuka, in this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Implementation of the TDC function in the GTO
T. Yoshida,∗1 H. Baba∗2 and K. Ieki∗1∗1∗2

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 200 -

Global
Clock
FF

FF

FF

Counter

EncoderFF
Signal In

DNL (LSB)

Fig. 1. Block diagram of TDC in the GTO.

21(a) LUT-DL TDC

0
-1
-2

DNL (LSB)

The ﬁeld-programmable gate array (FPGA) has become a popular device and has been widely adopted
for physics measurements1) in recent years. An FPGAbased NIM logic module has been developed2) called a
Generic Trigger Operator (GTO). Advanced logic circuits have successfully been introduced in the GTO3,4) .
The present article describes the implementation of thetime-to-digital converter (TDC) function in the GTO.
There are several attempts to develop the TDC function in FPGAs5,6) . The conversion time of a conventional TDC is typically 10–100 µs, while that of an
FPGA-based TDC is only tens of nanoseconds. The
block diagram of the TDC function in an FPGA isshown in Fig. 1. The shaded triangles are delay units.
FF denotes to the ﬂip-ﬂop component. The coarse timing value is obtained using the global clock. When a
50-MHz clock is applied, the coarse timing value will
be a 20-ns step. To obtain the ﬁne timing value beyond the clock frequency, the tapped delay line (thecascade chain of the delay units in Fig. 1) and FF array are used. An input signal is delivered to the FF
components whenever the signal passes through the delay units. The value of the FF array is latched by the
global clock which achieves mostly equal-length wiring.
The encoder seeks transitions of “0→1” and “1→0” inthe FF array. The former transition corresponds tothe leading edge of the input signal, and the latter one
is the trailing edge. Thus, this TDC is capable of measuring both the edges of the signal at the same time. In
this work, the look-up-table (LUT) and the carry-logic(CL) components are adopted as a delay unit. These
are called as LUT-DL TDC and CL-DL TDC, respectively. The LUT-DL TDC uses 45 LUT components
and a 50-MHz global clock. The CL-DL TDC consistsof 113 CL components and a 162.5-MHz global clock.
The conversion times are 40 ns (2 global clocks) for
the LUT-DL TDC and 18.5 ns (3 global clocks) for
the CL-DL TDC.
The diﬀerential non-linearity (DNL) has been measured to investigate the performance of the developed
TDC function. The linearity of the coarse timing isquite good as the global clock is generated from thequartz resonator that has a frequency stability of 10−6 .
However, the linearity of the ﬁne timing depends onthe variation of the propagation delay of the LUT/CL
components and the wiring length in the FPGA. Figure 2 shows the result of the DNL measurement for theﬁne timing. The measurement method is the same asthat in Ref. 6. The least signiﬁcant bit (LSB) of the
LUT-DL TDC and CL-DL TDC is 446 ps and 54.6

2
1

10

20

30

40

Bin Number(b) CL-DL TDC

0
-1
-2

20

40

60

Bin Number

80

100

Fig. 2. The diﬀerential non-linearity of the developed TDC.

ps, respectively. The bin number corresponds to then-th LUT/CL components. The LUT-DL TDC has agood performance because the DNL is much less than
1 LSB in any bin. However, some bins of the CL-DL
TDC reach ±1 LSB, which implies there are missing
values in the converted result. This DNL for the CLDL TDC may be improved by ﬁne tuning the wiring
length in the FPGA.
Two types of TDC functions have successfully been
introduced in the GTO. Its conversion time is very
fast and the linearity is reasonable. Based on this result, the particle-identiﬁed trigger for future BigRIPS
experiments will be established by analyzing the timeof-ﬂight, position and delta-E information in the GTO.
References
1) H. Sadrozinski and J. Wu : Applications of FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays in Scientiﬁc Research (CRC
Press, 2011).
2) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 46, 213 (2013).
3) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 47, 235 (2014).
4) H. Baba et al.: In this report.
5) J. Wu and Z. Shi : 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, (2008) p. 19.
6) X. Qin et al.: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 60, 3550 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

New functions in Generic Trigger Operator
H. Baba,∗1 T. Ichihara,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 T. Ohnishi,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 S. Ota,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗2
S. Takeuchi,∗3 and Y. Togano∗3
The Generic Trigger Operator (GTO) module1) isa ﬁeld-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based NIM
logic module. Common trigger ﬁrmware2) manages
trigger generation to ensure event synchronization between multiple CAMAC and VME front-end systems.
GTO modules implementing this ﬁrmware are permanently installed at experiments of BigRIPS, SHARAQ,
EURICA, SUNFLOWER, SAMURAI, and R3. Recently, advanced functions of scaler, gate-and-delay
generator (GG) and selector have been developed for
GTO. Here, we report these new functions.
Scaler
The scaler function has been introduced in the GTO
module. Scaler values can be readout via the Ethernet.
The functionality of the scaler ﬁrmware is as follows.
• 20-channel scaler inputs : Each scaler has a 32-bit
counter depth.
• Gate input : When the gate input function is enabled, scaler circuits count up only when the gate
signal is issued.
• Veto input : Inhibit counting.
• Read latch input : The readout value is held by
the read latch signal. Scaler circuits are still operational even if the read latch is issued.
• Clear input : Clear the scaler values to zero.
As additional functions, 1-Hz/1-kHz/10-kHz clock signals and level/pulse signals can be output.
Gate-and-Delay Generator
The ﬁrmware of the 4-channel GG has been developed. Two diﬀerent GG functions are introduced:
clock-asynchronous and clock-synchronous GG. The
clock-asynchronous GG is based on the D-Flip Flopdelay chain (details are described in Ref. 1). The gate
and delay circuits are driven according to the leadingedge of the input signal. The clock-synchronous GG is
implemented by simply counting up the clock signal.
In this case, input signals are synchronized by the internal clock. The speciﬁcation of each GG function is
described bellow.

– Gate-width range : Twid = 51 ns to 2.6 ms.
– Delay range : Tdl = 51 ns to 2.6 ms.
– Minimum step of Twid and Tdl : 1.2 ns.
– Timing jitter : σ � Tdl × 10−4 .
∗2
∗3

08;

'6

08;

2XWSXW

0+]
&ORFN
N+]
&ORFN

/HYHO

N+]
&ORFN

3XOVH

Fig. 1. Functional diagram of the selector firmware• clock-synchronous GG– Clock interval : Tint = 20 ns to 10 μs.
– Gate-width range : Twid = 20 ns to 171 s.
– Delay range : Tdl = 20 ns √to 171 s.
– Timing jitter : σ = Tint /2 3 .
In the case of the clock-synchronous GG, the clock signal is variable. The minimum clock interval (Tint ) is 20
ns, which originates from a 50-MHz crystal resonator.
This clock can be divided into 1/1 to 1/256 frequency
in FPGA. Thus, the clock interval is varied between
20 ns and 10 μs. The timing jitter of the output signal in clock-synchronous GG depends on Tint because
deterministic jitter is generated when the input signal
is synchronized by the clock. On the other hand, thetiming jitter in clock-asynchronous GG is a random
jitter.
Selector
A selector ﬁrmware has been developed to remotely
switch signal sources. The functional diagram is shownin Fig. 1. There are 8 output channels. Each output channel can be chosen from signal sources by themultiplexer (MUX) circuit. The signal sources of the
20 inputs, down scaler (DS), 1k/10k-Hz clock, pulse,
and level signals are available. Input signals and 50MHz clock signals can be decimated using the DS circuit: this function is the so-called rate divider or down
scaler.
These new functions implemented as ﬁrmware areutilized in RIBF experiments. In addition, the development of the time-to-digital converter (TDC) in the
GTO is examined. The details of the TDC ﬁrmware
are described in Ref 3.

• clock-asynchronous GG

∗1

,QSXW
LQSXWVReferences
1) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 46, 213 (2013).
2) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 47, 235 (2014).
3) T. Yoshida et al.: In this report.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology- 201 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Upgrade of trigger circuits and DAQ modules for SAMURAIY. Togano,∗1,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 J. Tsubota,∗1,∗2 S. Araki,∗3 S. Kawase,∗3 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2
S. Takeuchi,∗1,∗2 and H. Otsu∗2
Many kinds and a large number of detectors are employed in experiments with SAMURAI. Users often
need many complex triggers by using many kinds ofdetectors to select a certain reaction channel. In addition, the trigger rate is often as high as 2 kHz. To
cope with such increased number of triggers and higher
trigger rate, the circuits and modules for the data acquisition system (DAQ)1) were upgraded, which consisted of two parts, introduction of a trigger selection
module and installation of new modules to shorten thedead time of the DAQ system. This paper reports onthese two upgrades.
For experiments at SAMURAI, the four trigger inputs of the normal GTO module2) is often not enough.
Therefore the trigger selector GTO3) was newly introduced. Figure 1 shows the diagram of the new trigger circuits for SAMURAI. The trigger selector GTO
named as sdgto02 can input 16 triggers and can output downscaled individual triggers and “or” of them.
The output from sdgto02 coincides with the “Beam”
trigger generated from F13 plastics, and then vetoedby the busy signal and SSM (bit signal to synchronize
circuits with DAQ start/stop) from the normal GTO
module named as sdgto01. The accepted trigger is distributed to all DAQ branches of the SAMURAI DAQ
system. This circuit configuration was used for the
SAMURAI21 experiment4) .
The SAMURAI DAQ system consists of many DAQ
branches such as B3F, BDC, FDC1, FDC2-1, FDC2-2,
NEBULA, and HODF. The details of the SAMURAIDAQ system can be found in Ref. 1. The B3F branchaccumulates information from beam-line plastics andtriggers. The BDC branch is used to accumulate datafrom BDC1, BDC2, and ICB. The FDC1, FDC2-1,
and FDC2-2 branches are for drift chambers. The datafrom FDC2 are processed by using two DAQ branches,
FDC2-1 and FDC2-2, to cope with the large number

Table 1. Summary of typical dead time of the DAQ
branches in SAMURAI21 and DAY-ONE experiments.

B3F
FDC1
FDC2-1
FDC2-2

SAMURAI21 [µs]
145
180
210
180

DAY-ONE [µs]
360
170
270
220

of channel of FDC2. The NEBULA branch is for theneutron detector NEBULA. The HODF branch is used
to accumulate data from HODF (+ICF and TED, depending on experiments).
To shorten the dead time of the DAQ system1) ,we upgraded the system for the B3F branch andchanged the VME controller for the FDC1, FDC2-1,
and FDC2-2 branches. The B3F branch is replaced by
a VME-based system from a CAMAC-based system.
The new VME-based system contains TDC (MTDC32
from Mesytec GmbH), QDC (MQDC32 from MesytecGmbH), two scalers (SIS3820 from SIS GmbH), anda interrupt register (RPV-130 from Repic Co.). The
VME controllers for the FDC1, FDC2-1, and FDC2-2
branches are replaced from SBS-620 (SBS Technologies) to V7768 (Abaco systems).
Table 1 summarizes the typical dead time of DAQ
branches in SAMURAI21 experiment and SAMURAI
DAY-ONE experiment. For the B3F branch, the deadtime was 145 µs, much shorter than that of the previous system (360 µs) in the SAMURAI DAY-ONE experiment5) . For FDC2-1 and FDC2-2, the dead timein SAMURAI21 was ∼20% shorter than those in the
DAY-ONE experiment. The time resolution of the F13
plastics with the new VME system was obtained to beabout 46 ps for the SAMURAI21 experiment, showingthat the performance of the VME crate is enough for
SAMURAI.
With these upgraded DAQ branches, the live time in
the SAMURAI21 experiment was 75% for 1.1 kHz triggers. The bottleneck of the dead time is BDC, which
had 240 µs dead time in the SAMURAI21 experiment,
which can be improved by replacing the VME controller to V7768.
References
1) H. Otsu et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 146 (2013).
2) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 235(2014).
3) H. Baba et al.: In this report.
4) Y. Kondo et al.: In this report.
5) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).

Fig. 1. Diagram of new trigger circuits of SAMURAI.
∗1
∗2
∗3

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyusyu University- 202 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Testsofofthe
theAdvanced
Advanced Implantation
Implantation Detector
Tests
DetectorArray
Array(AIDA)(AIDA)at
atRIBF
RIBF
C.J. Griffin,*1 T. Davinson,*1 A. Estrade,*1 D. Braga,*2 I. Burrows,*3 P. Coleman-Smith,*3 T. Grahn,*4 A. Grant,*3
L.J. Harkness-Brennan,*4 G. Kiss,*5 M. Kogimtzis,*3 I. Lazarus,*3 S. Letts,*3 Z. Liu,*1 G. Lorusso,*5 K. Matsui,*5,*6
S, Nishimura,*5 R.D. Page,*4 V. Phong,*5 M. Prydderch,*2 V. Pucknell,*3 S. Rinta-Antila,*4 O. Roberts,*7 D. Seddon,*4
J. Simpson,*3 J. Strachan,*3 S.L. Thomas*2 and P.J. Woods*1

Fig. 1: A photograph of the fully constructed AIDA assembly.

The Advanced Implantation Detector Array (AIDA)1)
represents the latest generation of silicon implantation
detectors for use in decay spectroscopy measurements of
exotic nuclei at fragmentation beam facilities.
Designed to improve upon current generation, AIDA
features high detector pixilation and fast overload recovery(~1 Ps), required at modern RI facilities with increasingly
high secondary beam intensity and access to isotopes withvery short half-lives.
Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)2) were
specifically designed to meet the above requirements. One
ASIC can process 16 data channels, each with two
dedicated preamplifiers: one, with selectable gain to cover
the low and medium energy ranges of up to 1 GeV, and theother, a low-gain amplifier covering the full dynamic rangeof 20 GeV. Detector signals are carried via flexible Kapton
PCBs to the front end electronics (FEE) cards, which
support 64 channels of instrumentation. The FEE cards
contain: multiple analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) for
use in signal processing; a field-programmable gate array(FPGA) for control, signal processing and data
management; and additional supporting electronics.
As each FEE card runs a separate data acquisition system
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
㻖㻟
STFC Daresbury Laboratory㻖㻠
School of Physical Sciences, University of Liverpool
㻖㻡
RIKEN Nishina Centre㻖㻢
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo㻖㻣
School of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton㻖㻝㻖㻞(DAQ), reading data from just 64 channels, dead-time isvastly reduced compared to current generation detectors
dealing with high pixelation. Fig. 1 shows the full AIDA
assembly.
To study the response of AIDA to implantation of heavyions, in-beam tests have been conducted at the Radioactive
Ion Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. The tests wereconducted parasitically to experiments part of the
SEASTAR campaign, placing AIDA at the F11 focal plane.
In the most recent test configuration, AIDA comprised three
MSL BB18-1000 type DSSSDs, each with a thickness of 1
mm and featuring 128 strips with a 0.625 mm pitch in boththe x and y directions.
These tests have demonstrated both the capability of AIDA
to detect position and energy of fast fragment beams andtheir decay products, as well as our ability to integrate
multiple DAQs – AIDA, and the BigRIPS in-beam
detectors for particle identification – into one data stream.
DAQ integration is achieved through the timestamping of
all data items in each data stream, which are thentime-ordered in the analysis software. This forms one
continuous stream of data containing information on theimplant positions, decay positions and energies, and particle
identification data from BigRIPS. A method has also beendeveloped by which the BRIKEN/AIDA DAQs can besynchronised, which will be tested with the full-scale
BRIKEN array once it has been assembled. In addition tothis, an online monitor has been developed to check thestatus of the DAQ synchronisation and to provide somebasic analysis in real-time.
Preliminary analysis of the data collected during these tests
is underway, from which we hope to see some early resultsin the near future. Further steps must still be taken to better
understand the efficiency of the analysis software incorrelating implants and decays, and in characterising thebackground to reduce the likelihood of random correlations.
With promising progress being made on all fronts, AIDA isplanned for use at RIBF throughout 2016-2017 with two
main focuses: E-decay half-life and decay spectroscopy
measurements with the EURICA J-ray detector, andmeasurements of E-delayed neutron emission probabilities
as part of the BRIKEN collaboration.
References
1) C.J. Griffin, T. Davinson, A Estrade et al., POS(NIC XIII) 097 20142) D. Braga, P. J. Coleman-Smith, T. Davinson, I. H. Lazarus, R. Page,
and S. Thomas in ANIMMA 2nd International Conference, IEEE, 2011.

- 203 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CCJ operations in 2015
S. Yokkaichi,∗1 H. En’yo,∗1 T. Ichihara,∗1 and Y. Watanabe∗11Overview

The RIKEN Computing Center in Japan (CCJ)1)
commenced operations in June 2000 as the largest oﬀsite computing center for the PHENIX2) experimentbeing conducted at the RHIC.Since then, the CCJ has
been providing numerous services as a regional computing center in Asia. We have transferred several
hundred TBs of raw data ﬁles and nDST a) ﬁles fromthe RHIC Computing Facility (RCF)3) to the CCJ. A
joint operation of the CCJ with the RIKEN Integrated
Cluster of Clusters (RICC)x has been continuing since
July 2009. In April 2015, a new system “HOKUSAI
Greatwave” was launched by RIKEN ACCC4) and thejoint operation is successful. New hierarchical archive
system and dedicated PC nodes are provided to CCJ
by them. The number of dedicated PC nodes is reduced from 20 to 10 in this April.
Many analysis and simulation projects are being carried out at the CCJ, and these projects are listed on the
web page http://ccjsun.riken.go.jp/ccj/proposals/.
As of December 2015, CCJ has contributed 31 published papers and 41 doctoral theses.
2Fig. 1. Schematic view of the network configuration as ofDecember 2015.

Computing hardware and software

In 2015, computing hardware (nodes and RAIDs)
and software (OS, batch queuing systems, databaseengine, and so on) were changed slightly from thosedescribed in the previous APR.1) In summary, we have
28 computing nodes, two login servers, one main server(users home directory, NIS, DNS, NTP), two disk
servers, and 10 computing nodes in the ACCC computing room. In total, 422 (= 384 + 72) jobs can beprocessed simultaneously by these computing nodes.
Table 1 lists the numbers of malfunctioning SATA or
SAS disks in the HP servers, namely, computing nodes
and NFS/AFS servers.
Table 1. Number of malfunctioning HDDs in 2011-2015
Type
SATA
SAS

Size
1 TB
2 TB
146 GB
300 GB

Total
192
120
38
24

2015
14
10
3
1

14
11
0
2
1

13
16
2
0
0

12
20
5
1
0

11
9
4
1
1

a)

The High Performance Storage System (HPSS)10)
that had been in use for 15 years, was retired in Aug.
2015 and 863 TB (785 TiB) of data accounting for 1.66
million ﬁles were migrated to the new archive system in
HOKUSAI. At the same time, network connection waschanged. Between CCJ main switch and HOKUSAI,
two 10G Ethernet are used. Toward outside RIKEN,
one 10G is used between the main switch and the zenriken net. Another 10G line of our grid server for thedata transfer between RCF has also been retained.
Batteries of three 10KVA UPS were replaced in Mar.
2016. The main network switch will also be replacedin Jun. 2016.
References

One database (postgreSQL5) ) server and one AFS6)
server are operated in order to share the PHENIX computing environment. Now only the SL57) environmentis shared by the computing nodes, which have approx∗1

imately 0.9 TB of library ﬁles. We have two datatransfer servers on which the grid environment9) is installed for the data transfer to/from RCF. Two otherservers were retired in Jan. 2015 and reserved.
New NFS server HP DL380eGen8 and Infortrend
16TB SAS RAID, which serve user home areas werepurchased in Mar. and Apr. 2015, respectively, anddeployed in Oct. 2015, in place of SUN M4000. Thexfs8) is used as the home and work area served by theserver.

RIKEN Nishina Centerterm for a type of summary data files in PHENIX- 204 -

1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 248(2015).
2) http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/3) https://www.racf.bnl.gov/4) http://accc.riken.jp/
5) http://www.postgresql.org/
6) http://www.openafs.org/
7) http://www.scientificlinux.org/
8) http://xfs.org/
9) http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/latest-stable/
gridftp/10) http://www.hpss-collaboration.org/

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Computing and network environment at the RIKEN Nishina Center
T. Ichihara,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 and H. Baba∗1
We are operating Linux/Unix NIS/NFS cluster
systems1,2) at the RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC).
Figure 1 shows the current configuration of theLinux/Unix servers at the RNC. We have adopted Scientific Linux (SL), which is a clone of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), as the operation system.
The host RIBF.RIKEN.JP is used as the mail server,
NFS server of the user home directory /rarf/u/, andthe NIS master server. This is the core server for the
RIBF Linux/Unix cluster with approximately 600 registered user accounts. The hosts RIBF00/RIBF01 areused as SSH login servers to provide access to external
users, and as general-purpose computational servers
and gateways to the RIBF intranet.

ment data, except for the large volume of raw dataof RIBF experiments, were recorded to this researchrecord server. The 52 TB storage system was divided
into two partitions of 26 TB each. One is used forthe data storage area of the experiment record and theother is used for the backup of the data.
A new streaming server RIBFSS was installed toreplace the previous streaming server. Wowza Streaming Engine V4.3 software, which is capable of streaming RTMP protocol, is used for the streaming software.
Any web browser plugged in with Adobe flash player
is capable of playing the streaming contents.
The hosts RIBFSMTP1/2 are the mail front-end
servers, which are used for tagging spam mails andisolating virus-infected mails. The Sophos EmailProtection-Advanced software (PMX) has been updated to the latest version PMX 6.3.0. Figure 2 shows
the Mail Trends of the PMX in Dec. 2015. As shown in
the figure, 50% of the incoming mails were blocked by
the IP blocker. The red bar indicates the virus-infected
mails blocked by the PMX. Approximately 0.7 % of theincoming mails were infected by viruses in this month,which is six times the yearly average. We noticed that
half of the viruses blocked by the PMX in Dec. 2015
were harmful ransamware3) .
An anonymous ftp server, FTP.RIKEN.JP, is managed and operated at the RNC. Major Linux distributions, including Scientific Linux, Ubuntu and CentOS,
are mirrored daily for the convenience of their users
and for facilitating high-speed access. The average network traffic of this server is 40 MB/s.

Fig. 1. Configuration of the RIBF Linux cluster.

A research record server RIBFDBOX was installed,
and is started operation in April 2015. This server consists of an HP DL-320e server, a 52 TB SAS RAID6
system, and Proself 4 software. All of the experi∗1Fig. 2. Mail Trends:Message categories in Dec. 2016

RIKEN Nishina Center- 205 -

References
1) http://ribf.riken.jp/comp/2) T. Ichihara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 249(2015).
3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransomware

III. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES II(Material Science and Biology)

1. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Ion)Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Site change of hydrogenhydrogen owing
owing toto lattice
lattice distortion
distortion in
in Nb
Nb alloys ††C. Sugi,*1, *2 E. Yagi,*1, *2 Y. Okada,*2 S. Koike,*3 T. Sugawara,*4 T. Shishido,*4 and K. Ogiwara*1
An interaction of hydrogen with solute atoms is one of
the fundamental problems on hydrogen in metals, because
various hydrogen-related properties are strongly affected byalloying. In order to understand the interaction, theknowledge of the atomistic state of hydrogen in alloys ishighly required. However, such information has been
extremely limited, because of experimental difficulties.
Therefore, the channelling method utilizing a nuclear
reaction of 1H(11B,a)aa with a 11B+ beam of about 2 MeV
had been newly developed.1) Hydrogen can be detected bymeasuring emitted a particles. This method has been
demonstrated to be very useful to locate hydrogen dissolved
in metals.1,2) The lattice location of hydrogen has hitherto
been investigated systematically in detail in Nb alloyed with
undersized Mo atoms up to 60 at. % by the channelling
method at room temperature with a tandem accelerator.
Their atomic radii are 1.43 Å for Nb and 1.36 Å for Mo
atoms. This alloy system forms a solid solution over theentire Mo concentration (CMo) range, maintaining a bcc
crystal structure, although the lattice parameter changes.
It has been demonstrated that the lattice location changes
very sensitively with CMo and, with the help of
measurement of width of X-ray reflection lines (Fig. 1), thatsuch change can be interpreted in terms of lattice distortion
induced by alloying.3) Broadening of reflection lines serves
as a measure of lattice distortion averaged over the whole
specimen. At low CMo, lattice is strongly distorted around
Mo atoms. Hydrogen is trapped by a Mo atom to be locatedat a Ttr site, which is displaced from an original tetrahedral(T) site by about 0.6 Å towards the Mo atom, so as toreduce the distortion around Mo atom. There exists a strong
attractive interaction between hydrogen and Mo atoms.4)
With increasing CMo, the lattice distortion is reduced owing
to interference between strain fields around individual Mo
atoms, and most of the H atoms occupy T sites as in Nb. For
CMo higher than 39 at. %, the lattice distortion gradually
increases again with increasing CMo because of the increasein the number of undersized Mo atoms in a unit cell, but not
so strongly as that at low CMo, i.e., up to an intermediatelevel (the range II in Fig. 1). In this case, H atoms are
distributed over T and d-T sites, which are displaced from T
sites to their nearest neighbour octahedral (O) sites by about
0.25 Å. The T-site occupancy is energetically morefavourable than the d-T-site occupancy. Hydrogen
preferentially occupies T sites in undistorted or very weakly
distorted region, but, as the concentration of available T†

Condensed from the article in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 074601 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University.
＊3
Department of Physics II, Tokyo University of Science.
＊4
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University.
＊1＊2

sites is limited, excess H atoms occupy d-T sites in theregion distorted at the intermediate level.3) Therefore, it isexpected that H atoms are located at T sites in the alloys
whose lattice is very weakly distorted.
Then, in the present study, the site occupancy ofhydrogen in Nb alloyed with 50 at. % of oversized Ta atoms
with a very closer atomic radius to Nb atoms, 1.44 Å,
Nb0.50Ta0.50H0.021 and Nb0.50Ta0.50H0.053, was investigated by
the channelling method at room temperature. It wasobserved that H atoms are located at T sites, irrespective ofhydrogen concentration (CH), in contrast with the results on
Nb alloyed with similar concentration of undersized Mo
atoms, Nb0.52Mo0.48 (CH=0.0097–0.05). In approximately
the same CH range as that in the Nb0.50Ta0.50 alloys, in the
Nb0.52Mo0.48 alloys, at low CH, most of the H atoms arelocated at T sites and excess H atoms are at d-T sites, whileat high CH, most of them are at d-T sites.3)
Widths of X-ray diffraction lines in the Nb0.50Ta0.50 alloys
are much smaller than those in the Nb0.52Mo0.48 alloys andare very close to those in pure Nb (Fig. 1), indicating muchsmaller lattice distortion in the Nb0.50Ta0.50 alloys than in the
Nb0.52Mo0.48 alloys, owing to the smaller size difference
between Nb and Ta atoms. The present result on site
occupancy of hydrogen in the Nb0.50Ta0.50 alloys is in good
agreement with the expectation. Therefore, considering also
the hitherto obtained results for Nb alloyed with 2–5 at. %Ta atoms, it is concluded that the site occupancy ofhydrogen in Nb-Mo and Nb-Ta alloys can be well explainedon the basis of the lattice distortion induced by alloying.

Fig. 1. The half-widths of the {321} X-ray reflection linesof the non-H-doped Nb-Mo (●) and Nb-Ta (▲) alloys. Opensymbols, Nb-Mo (○) and Nb-Ta (▽), represent those by
Matsumoto et al.5)
References

1) E. Yagi. T. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, Y. Fukai, and K.
Watanabe: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52, 84 (1983).
2) E. Yagi, T. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, Y. Fukai, and K.
Watanabe: Phys. Rev. B 31, 1640 (1985).
3) E. Yagi et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 044602 (2010).
4) E. Yagi, S. Nakamura, F. Kano, T. Kobayashi, K. Watanabe, Y.
Fukai, and T. Matsumoto: Phys. Rev. B 39, 57 (1989).
5) T. Matsumoto et al.: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 36, 215 (1975).

- 207 -

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Superconducting
Nb/rare-earthbilayers
bilayers
Superconductingproximity
proximity effects
effects in Nb/rare-earth
H. Yamazaki1
A systematic study of the superconducting proximity
effects in Nb/rare-earth (RE) bilayers is reported, where RE
indicates Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho (the first four heavy RE
elements in the periodic table). Gd, Tb, and Dy are in the
ferromagnetic state below 293 K, 222 K, and 85 K,
respectively, while Ho exhibits conical ferromagnetism(inhomogeneous magnetism) below ~20 K.
Using
the
epitaxial
growthof
Al2O3(11 2 0)/Nb(110)/RE(0002), a single-crystal layer of
RE was fabricated. The thickness of the RE layer, tRE, wasvaried from 10 nm to 20 nm with an interval of ΔtRE=0.4
nm. The superconducting transition temperature Tc of the€samples was measured. We carried out a periodicity
analysis on the Tc(tRE) data using a quantitative fast Fouriertransform (FFT) method. The results of the analysis are
summarized in Fig. 1. With the exception of the longest
period (~3.5 nm) for Gd, two types of variations are
confirmed in the element dependence of the oscillation
period. Here, we refer to the longer periods (more than 1nm) as λL and the shorter periods (about 1 nm) as λS. The
spin modulation period intrinsic to Ho, λspinHo(=3.4 nm;
open circle), is located within a broad distribution of λL for
Ho. We identify a linear change in λL (shown as a brokenline) from Gd to Dy. The line is extrapolated to Ho, giving
an extrapolated value of 2.45 nm at Ho.

According to the picture of the RKKY interaction
between valence electrons and 4f moments, the exchange
energy Eex at 0 K scales linearly with the 4f spin moment S,
where S=7, 6, 5, and 4 µB for Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho,respectively. The spatial period of the FFLO-like oscillation,
λFFLO, in the REs therefore increases from Gd to Ho at low
temperatures, as long as λFFLO∝vF/Eex holds (a clean
ferromagnet) and the Fermi velocity vF is almost unchanged
for the REs. The broken line actually suggests that λL
increases as S(∝Eex) decreases. Further, the values of λL for
Gd and Ho are in good agreement with the literature datafor λFFLO.1, 2) Hence, we infer that the broken line indicatesthe element dependence of λFFLO.
The Fermi wavelength λF of each RE was calculated
from λFFLO (the broken line) and the experimental values ofEex for the Δ2 valence states.3) To date, there is little
experimental data of vF and λF for REs. The open squares
show the calculated results of (λF/2)aliasing, i.e., the aliased
λF/2 by discrete-thickness sampling. We recognize that thevalues of (λF/2)aliasing reproduce λSs well. This suggests that
λSs reflect the formation of quantum well states (QWSs) in
the RE layer, as observed in the superconducting Pb film.4)
QWSs require the full penetration of Cooper pairs into the
RE layer through the entire thickness. Accordingly, thepresence of λSs indirectly proves the presence of triplet
pairs in the REs. It is possible that some local probes
supplied by RI beams detect the triplet pairs converted fromthe singlet pairs of Nb owing to the exchange field in REs.
References

Fig. 1. Summary of the FFT analysis: periods of theoscillation components in Tc(tRE) for Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho (inorder of atomic number). The broken line represents a linear
extrapolation of the λL values for Gd, Tb, and Dy, to Ho.
We observe a good agreement between (λF/2)aliasing (opensquares) and the short-wavelength period λS. The helicalspin-modulation period in bulk Ho at low temperatures(~2K) corresponds to λspinHo=3.4 nm (open circle).
11) J. S. Jiang, D. Davidovic, D. H, Reich, and C. L. Chien, Phys.
Rev. Lett 74, 314 (1995).
2) F. Chiodi, J. D. S. Witt, R. G. J. Smits, L. Qu, Gábor B. Halász,
C. -T. Wu, O. T. Valls, K. Halterman, J. W. A. Robinson, andM. G. Blamire, EPL, 101, 37002 (2013).
3) C. Schüßler-Langeheine, E. Weschke, Chandan Mazumdar, R.
Meier, A. Yu. Grigoriev, G. Kaindl, C. Sutter, D. Abernathy, G.
Grübel, and Manuel Richter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5624 (2000).
4) Y. Guo, Y.-F. Zhang, X.-Y. Bao, T.-Z. Han, Z. Tang, L.-X.
Zhang, W.-G. Zhu, E. G. Wang, Q. Niu, Z. Q. Qiu, J.-F. Jia,
Z.-X. Zhao, and Q.-K. Xue, Science 306, 1915 (2004).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 208 -

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Evaluation ofof single
single event
event transienttransienterror
error rate
rate related
related toto operation
operation frequency
frequency
Evaluationon
64bit SOI
SOImicro
micro processor
processor
on 64bitA. Maru,䠆1 K. Sakamoto,*1 H. Shindou,*1 S. Kuboyama,䠆1 and K. Suzuki䠆1
Silicon on Insulator (SOI) devices are the focus for recent
electronic applications due to their excellent characteristics
which are low power consumption and possibility ofminiaturization. They also have excellent characteristics
with regard to the angle of radiation tolerance. Single event
latch up (SEL) has never occurred in SOI devices due totheir cross-sectional structure. Since the SOI transistor has
been electrically isolated from others by buried oxide(BOX), electrical circuits with excellent single event upset(SEU) and single event transient (SET) tolerance can becomposed by using SOI transistors. In addition, the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) focused on SOI
devices for space applications and has been continuously
involved in research and development since 2005. JAXA
has developed the Micro Processer Unit (MPU) andApplication Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for space
applications by combining SOI devices and radiation
hardness by design (RHBD) techniques.1) They are used innumerous spacecraft. Recently, it was reported in certain
project that many SEUs were observed in the SOI productused in satellites. Reported error rates of SEUs on the orbit
was higher than the calculated error rates from radiation
tests on the ground. Therefore, it was suggested that some
defects exist in this device.
From our analysis, it was identified that one defect in thisdevice was due to a parasitic diode on the drain area of the
SOI transistor, as shown in Fig.1. We identified the parasitic
diode was created in one fabrication process of the SOItransistor, so we tried to fix this defect by changing theprocess condition of the SOI transistor. The evaluation
results of the SOI device, which was fabricated using afixed process condition indicated that it had high radiation
tolerance. Under static test conditions, no error wasobserved on this device. However, a few errors wereobserved under dynamic test conditions (continuous
memory data read/write condition). It is presumed that thecause of this error is temporal read miss due to SET.

In the case of error due to SET, the error rate depends on
the operation frequency of the device. Therefore weevaluated the error rate operation frequency dependence of
this SOI device for calculating the error rate on the orbit.
The test sample was irradiated with a Kr-ion beam of 713
MeV using the RIKEN RILAC+RRC. Total fluence was set
to 5×107 ~ 1×108 ions/cm2 at the chip surface. The
operation frequency of the device was set to 0.5, 5, 50 MHz.
The irradiation test was performed under dynamic test
conditions.

Fig. 2. SOI device irradiation test result under a dynamic
test condition.
Figure 2 shows the data of error cross section which
depends on operation frequency. The operation frequency
dependence was not observed within the uncertainty of thedata. Note that the value of error cross section is extremely
low, so this error seldom occurs. Based on the evaluation
results of error cross section, the calculated error rate on theorbit can be almost ignored.
The SOI device which was fabricated using the fixed
process condition, indicated excellent radiation tolerance.
We confirmed that the error rate on the orbit of this device
can be almost ignored because the SET error cross section
value is extremely low. Operation frequency dependence of
SET error cross section could not be observed clearly, so wewill evaluate this device with a wider frequency range infuture work.
Reference

1) A. Makihara et al., RADECS, Vol.1 (2011), 164-168.


Fig. 1. Cross-sectional structure image of SOI transistor with
unintentionally formed parasitic diode.

䠆1

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency- 209 -

2. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Muon)

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)µSR study of the Cu-spin correlation in heavily electron-doped
high-Tc T’-cuprates
T. Adachi,∗1,∗2 M. A. Baqiya,∗3 I. Watanabe,∗1 and Y. Koike∗1,∗3
In the history of research on high-Tc superconductivity, numerous eﬀorts have been made to the establishment of the phase diagram of both hole-doped andelectron-doped cuprates. However, Matsumoto et al.
reported that superconductivity appears even in theparent compound of x = 0 and in a wide range ofx in Nd2−x Cex CuO4 with the so-called T’ structure
through the appropriate reduction of excess oxygenfrom the as-grown ﬁlms, resulting in a completely different phase diagram from that formerly suggested.1)
The superconductivity in the parent compounds of T’cuprates has also been conﬁrmed for polycrystalline
powdered samples of La1.8 Eu0.2 CuO4 .2) These suggest that the superconductivity in electron-doped T’cuprates cannot be understood in terms of the dopingof carriers into Mott insulators as in the case of holedoped cuprates.
Recently, through improved reduction annealing,
we have succeeded in obtaining high-quality superconducting (SC) single crystals of underdoped T’Pr1.3−x La0.7 Cex CuO4+δ with x = 0.05 − 0.10 whose
ground states were believed to be antiferromagnetic(AF).3) Transport measurements have revealed thatthe strongly localized state of carriers accompanied by
the pseudogap due to AF ﬂuctuations in the as-grown
crystal changes to a Kondo state without the pseudogap in the SC crystal through reduction annealing.
Moreover, our recent µSR measurements of SC crystalsof x = 0.10 have revealed fast depolarization of muon
spins and recovery of asymmetry in a long time region at low temperatures, suggesting the coexistence ofsuperconductivity accompanied by a short-range magnetic order.4) These results as well as the superconductivity in the parent compounds can be understoodin terms of our proposed band picture based on thestrong electron correlation.3,4)
One of the next issues is investigating how superconductivity disappears through Ce doping. Our previous µSR measurements of the SC polycrystal ofT’-Pr1−x LaCex CuO4+δ (PLCCO) with x = 0.14 revealed slowing down of the Cu-spin ﬂuctuations at
low temperatures, but no short-range magnetic order
was observed.5) Therefore, we performed µSR measurements using PLCCO single crystals in the heavily
overdoped regime of x = 0.17 and 0.20 to obtain detailed information on the Cu-spin correlation. ZF andlongitudinal-ﬁeld µSR measurements were carried out
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia
University
Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University- 211 -

using a MiniCryo and a ﬂy-past-type 3 He cryostat at
temperatures down to 0.3 K at RIKEN-RAL.
Figure 1 shows ZF µSR spectra of heavily overdoped
PLCCO with x = 0.20 where superconductivity disappears. At high temperatures around 200 K, the depolarization of muon spins is slow, indicating that thedevelopment of the Cu-spin correlation is weak. It isfound that, with decreasing temperature, the depolarization of muon spins becomes fast due to the growing
eﬀect of Pr3+ moments. At low temperatures, it isfound that the recovery of the asymmetry in a longtime region corresponding to the development of the
Cu-spin correlation5) is negligibly small. This suggeststhat the Cu-spin correlation is barely developed in the
non-SC heavily overdoped regime of PLCCO. Combined with the results in the underdoped4) and optimally doped5) regimes, it is concluded that the Cu-spincorrelation is crucial for the appearance of superconductivity in T’-cuprates.

Fig. 1. Zero-field µSR time spectra of the nonsuperconducting heavily overdoped single crystal of T’Pr1−x LaCex CuO4+δ with x = 0.20.

References
1) O. Matsumoto et al., Physica C 469, 924 (2009).
2) T. Takamatsu et al., Appl. Phys. Express 5, 073101(2012).
3) T. Adachi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 063713 (2013).
4) T. Adachi et al., arXiv: 1512.08095.
5) Risdiana et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 014506 (2010).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Magnetic orderingordering in
Magnetic
in YBaYBa22Cu
Cu33O
O66
S.S. Mohd-Tajudin,*1,*2 T. Nishizaki,*3 A. Kikkawa,*4 N. Adam,*1,*2 E. Suprayoga,*2,*5 S. Sulaiman,*1
M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim,*1 and I.Watanabe*2
The high-Tc cuprate oxide superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x(YBCO) is a Mott insulator and its electromagnetic
properties can be controlled by the oxygen content x. In therange 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, YBCO is in the antiferromagnetic (AFM)
ordered state below room temperature. The magnetictransition temperature TN decreases with increasing x. As x
increases further, the AFM ordered state disappears and thesuperconducting
state appears
appears at
at x ≥≥ 0.4.
Cu ionsions havesuperconducting state
4. Cu
localized d electrons in a 3d9 configuration.1) Thus, Cu ionscontrol the magnetism of the YBCO system.
We characterized the magnetic susceptibility of single
crystal YBCO with x = 0 that had been annealed at 580Ԩ 

say that the sample is in a paramagnetic state. A fast
relaxing component was observed between 330 and 365 K

Fig. 2: ZF-μSR time spectra of YBCO single crystals
with x=0 observed (a) below room temperature and (b)above room temperature.
and it increased with decreasing temperature. Therefore, TN
was se to 330 K from the current μSR experiment. The
magnetic transition of μSR yields different resultscompared with the magnetic susceptibility measurement.
We need more data points from the μSR point of view to
elucidate macroscopic magnetic transition at hightemperature.
Fig. 1: Magnetic susceptibility of YBCO single crystals
with x=0 measured under magnetic field of 1 and 7 T
using SQUID.

References    Ǥ  TN = 365 K  ǡ       Ǥ         
     Ǥ In order to understand andclarify the magnetic ordering at the ground state of YBCO
we used a muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR)
technique. The μSR experiment can detect the magnetic
ordered state by the appearance of muon precession in azero external field (ZF). Accordingly, the μSR experiment
was performed in RAL (R486). A clear muon-spin
precession was observed up to 279 K as shown in Fig. 2 (a).
The observation of the muon-spin precession indicatesclearly the appearance of a long-range magnetic orderedstate in YBCO.2,3) Figure 2 (b) shows the slow damping of
the non-oscillating signal above room temperature. Thismay be due to the fluctuating field or the nuclear dipole
field that originates from the copper nuclei. Thus, we can1) J.M. Tranquada et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 156 (1988).
2) N. Nishida et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26 L1856 (1987).
3) M. Pinkpank et al.: Physica C 317-318 299 (1999).

School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia
RIKEN Nishina Center㳜3 Kyushu Sangyo University
㳜4 RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)
㳜5 Physics Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung
㳜1
㳜2- 212 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

PSR study
study ofof an
an insulator
insulator near
near high-T
high-Tcchoneycomb
honeycomb lattice superconductors
superconductors
μSR
S. Shamoto䠆1 and I. Watanabe䠆2
A high-Tc layered superconductor, Li0.48(THF)yHfNCl(Tc=25.5 K), was discovered by Yamanaka group in 19981).
The crystal structure has double honeycomb lattice of[HfN]22). The crystal structures of a series of double
honeycomb lattice superconductors have been studied by
our neutron diffraction experiments. The band structure is
calculated by using LAPW+LDA3). Electrons are doped byalkali metal intercalation at K point in the bottom of
conduction bands. The density of states N(0) in
2-dimensional system is inversely propotional to theestimated transfer integral tdd or band width W. If the N(0) is
the only variable parameter in the material like alkali doped
fullerene superconductors, Tc varies as a function of thetransfer integral tdd estimated from the obtained crystal
parameters based on Harrison values4). We found that thesame honeycomb lattice material Li0.16YOCl was an
insulator with small tdd. In additon, this material shows spinglass like magnetism at H=100 Oe, although this sample
includes non-magnetic impurity phases of LiCl and Y2O3.
This magnetic behavior is not expected for a material with
non-magnetic elements, although spin fluctuation senarios
are theoretically discussed5,6). In addition, alkali fullerenes
such as bcc Cs3C60 exhibit antiferromagnetism as the
Mott-Hubbard inslating state7).
According to our zero-field PSR study under magnetic
field, no explicit magnetic order has been observed for theLi0.16YOCl down to T= 2.5 K as shown in Fig. 1. The timedependent relaxation is also measured under magnetic fields.
The P+ asymmetry is recovered by increasing an appliedfield. From the analysis of the decoupling curve of theasymmetry versus field, we found the relaxation rate can be
represented by an H-0.3 dependence in the range from 70 G
to 3950 G as shown in Fig. 2. This behaviour is similar tothat observed in the solitons of polyacetylene8). The
exponent may suggest a correlation to the spin diffusion
dimension in the [YO]2 honeycomb lattice.

Fig. 1. The time spectra of decay positron asymmetry at
various temperatures for Li0.16YOCl.

Fig. 2. Observed relaxation rates as a function of magnetic
field for Li0.16YOCl at T=2.5 K.
References

䠆1䠆2Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
RIKEN Nishina Center

1) S. Yamanaka et al., Nature 392, 580-582 (1998).
2) S. Shamoto, T. Kato et al., Physica C, 306, 7-14 (1998).
3) R. Weht et al., Europhys. Lett. 48, 320 (1999).
4) W. A. Harrison, “Electronic Structure and the Properties ofSolids”, Dover.
5) K. Kuroki, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9, 044202 (2008).
6) T. Watanabe and S. Ishihara, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 034704(2013).
7) P. Jeglic et al., Phys. Rev. B 80, 195424 (2009).
8) K. Nagamine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. B 53, 1763 (1984).

- 213 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Investigation of magnetic ground states in mixed kagome systems(Rb1−x Csx )2 Cu3 SnF12 II
T. Suzuki,∗1,∗3 K. Katayama,∗2 I. Watanabe,∗3 and H. Tanaka∗2

∗1
∗2
∗3

Shibauta Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center- 214 -

measurements in the sample of xc = 0.53 down to 0.3
K, and we reported that internal magnetic ﬁelds ﬂuctuate at 0.3 K, and that no tendency towards a magnetic
phase transition is observed. The purpose of this study
is to microscopically investigate the spin dynamics including ﬂuctuating frequencies and values of internal
magnetic ﬁelds down to lower temperatures.
In zero ﬁeld (ZF), a low frequency rotational behavior due to dipole-dipole interactions between F − andµ+3) is observed, and to extract the Cu spins dynamics from the entire spectra includung rotational signals,
longitudinal ﬁelds above 100 gauss are applied. Figure
1 (a) shows the LF-µSR time spectra at 26 mK in thecase of xc = 0.53 above 100 gauss. The time spectra are analyzed using the two components function as
follows:
A(t) = A1 exp (−λ1 t) + A2 exp (−λ2 t)(1)Here, λ1 and λ2 are the muon spin relaxation rates. A
ratio of A1 /A2 is ﬁxed to be 0.97. Fig. 1 (b) shows
the obtained LF dependence of muon spin relaxations
λ1 and λ2 . No step-like change in the LF-dependence
appears, and λ1 and λ2 monotonously decrease withincreasing the LF. These results suggest that internal
magnetic ﬁelds at the muon sites ﬂuctuate with widely
spread frequencies down to 26 mK.

1

3

(a)

(b)

26 mK

λ1, λ2 (µs-1)

Corrected asymmetry

The Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnet (HKAF)
has attracted much attention in magnetism because
lots of frustration and quantum eﬀects have been indicated by theories. For example, in√the classicalspin√model case for HKAF, the q = 0 or 3 × 3 magnetic
structure is stabilized when the next-nearest-neighborinteraction is considered. In the case of S = 1/2
kagome lattice, exotic magnetic ground states havebeen theoretically predicted. For example, numerical calculations revealed that the ground state is amagnetically disordered spin liquid. In the groundstate, triplet excitations are gapped, and there exists the continuum of low-lying singlet states below
the triplet gap. Valence-bond crystals having a periodic arrangement of singlet dimers have also been
proposed as the magnetic ground state of S = 1/2
HKAF. Experimentally, many types of HKAFs havebeen investigated as the candidate for the ideal kagome spin lattice material. For example, ”jarosite”
materials AM3 (OH)6 (SO4 )2 (A = NH4 , Na, or K, M
= Fe, Cr), m−MPYNN·BF4 , Cu3 V2 O7 (OH)2 ·2H2 O,[Cu3 (titmb)2 (OCOCH3 )6 ·H2 O, β−Cu3 V2 O8 , etc.
A new candidate for the ideal kagome lattice which
has an exotic magnetic ground state was reported1) .
The cupric compound A2 Cu3 SnF12 (A = Cs, Rb),
which is the subject in this study, is a newly synthesized family of S = 1/2 HKAF. For Cs2 Cu3 SnF12 , theq = 0 magnetic structure is observed below TN = 20
K. On the other hand, for Rb2 Cu3 SnF12 , the ﬁrst realization of the ”pinwheel” valence bond solid groundstate in the S = 1/2 HKAF is conﬁrmed by inelastic
neutron measurements.
Recently, the ground state of mixed kagome(Rb1−x Csx )2 Cu3 SnF12 was investing by Katayama etal2) . By magnetic susceptibility and speciﬁc heat measurements on single crystals, they reported a groundstate phase diagram, which shows the existence of aquantum phase transition from the valence-bond-glass(VBG) phase to the AF phase at xc = 0.53. In this critical concentration, the spin gap and the ordered state
disappear at least down to 1.8 K from the magnetic
susceptibility measurement results. The characteristic properties at the quantum phase transition point
is of great interest, and the information about it willcontribute to a further understanding of the properties of the ground states in the kagome lattice compound. In the previous beam time, we carried out
the longitudinal-ﬁeld muon-spin-relaxation ( LF-µSR)

0.5

0
0

3

6
t (µs)

9

12

λ1
λ2

2

1

0 1
10

102
103
HLF (gauss)

104

Fig. 1. (a) LF-µSR time spectra at 26 mK in 100, 700,
1000, and 3000 gauss shown from bottom to top.
The solid lines represent the fitted results. (b) LFdependence of the muon spin relaxation rates at 26 mK.

References
1) T. Ono et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 174407 (2009).
2) K. Katayama et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 214429 (2015).
3) J. H. Brewer et al., Phys. Rev. B 33, 7813 (1986).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

μSR Result
Result onLa
μSR
on Magnetic
Magneticgroundgroundstate
stateofofCe
Ce
La(T == Ru,
Ru, Os)Os)xT
1-x1-x2Al1010 (TxT
2Al
N. Adam,䠆1,䠆2 H. Tanida,䠆3 D. T. Adroja,䠆4 M. Sera,䠆3 T. Takabatake,䠆3 and I. Watanabe䠆1
Ce-based caged-type compounds, CeT 2Al10 (T= Ru, Os)
have generated great interest due to their Kondo
semiconducting state and an anomalously high magnetic
ordering temperature T0 ~ 30 K with spin gap formation at
low temperatures 1-2). Neutron diffraction studies of
CeT2Al10 for T= Ru and Os revealed small orderedmoments, 0.34 μB and 0.29 μB, along the c-axis
respectively although these two compounds exhibit a large
anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility χa > χc > χb 3,4). This
indicates that the moment direction is governed by theanisotropic magnetic exchange and not by the CEF
anisotropy 5,6).
In order to investigate the relation between the moment
direction and the spin gap energy, magnetic Ce (4f1) issubstituted with nonmagnetic La (4f0), as in Ce1-xLaxT2Al10,
assuming that it would change the magnetic moment due todifferent lattice parameters. However, an unusually orderedstate is realized. In the case of Ce0.9La0.1Os2Al10, neutron
diffraction studies have shown that the ordered moment
remains along the c-axis and the Ce moment reduces withan increasing La concentration without any changes in thespin direction 6). Compared to Ce1-xLaxRu2Al10, the directionof the ordered moment changes from c-axis to b-axis andthe moment is reduced to 0.18 μB after 7% La doping 7).
In order to gain further information on the microscopicchange in magnetism, we performed muon spin relaxation(μSR) on a Ce1-xLaxRu2Al10 (x = 0.05, 0.07, 0.10) andCe1-xLaxOs2Al10 (x = 0.10, 0.24, 0.50) alloy. The μSR
experiments were carried out using the JANIS in
CHRONUS (Port-4) spectrometer in longitudinal geometryat RIKEN-RAL, UK. Fig. 1 (a-d) shows thezero-field (ZF) μSR spectra of Ce1-xLaxRu2Al10 (x = 0.07
and 0.10) and Fig. 2 (a-d) shows the ZF- μSR spectra for
Ce1-xLaxOs2Al10 (x = 0.24 and 0.50). The panels on the left
side of the figures show the spectra at low temperatures,
while those on the right side show the spectra at hightemperatures.
As shown in the Figs. 1(a), 1(c), and 2(a), the spectra
exhibit clear signs of oscillation with strong damping
confirming the long range magnetic ordering of the Ce
moment below T0. Meanwhile in Figs. 1(b), 1(d) and 2(b),we can observe the magnetic transition at 24 K, 21 K, and 8
K, respectively. On the other hand, the μSR spectra ofCe1-xLaxOs2Al10 (x = 0.5) at 2 K in Fig. 2(c) reveal a
non-magnetic ground state below T0. The same behavior canbe observed in Figs. 1(b), 1(d), 2(b), and 2(d) above the________________________________________________RIKEN Nishina Center
Computational Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Universiti Sains
Malaysia
䠆3
ADSM, Hiroshima University
䠆4
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
䠆1
䠆2- 215 -

Fig. 1ZF-μSR of Ce1-xLaxRu2Al10

Fig. 2

ZF-μSR of Ce1-xLaxOs2Al10

magnetic transition temperature which is a typical muon
response to static distribution of the nuclear dipole moment.
References

1) A. M. Strydom, Physica B, 404, 2981 (2009).
2) T. Nishioka et al., JPSJ, 78, 123705 (2009).
3) D. D. Khalyavin et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 100405(R) (2010).
4) H. Kao et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 073701 (2011).
5) J.-M. Mignote et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 161103 (2014).
6) D.T. Adroja et al., Phys. Rev. B 92, 094425 (2015).
7) H. Tanida et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 3, 011073 (2014).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)µSR study on the Kondo semiconductor (Cex La1−x )Ru2 Al10
N. Adam,∗1,∗2 H. Tanida,∗1,∗3 M. Sera,∗3 T. Nishioka,∗4 and I. Watanabe∗1,∗2

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

RIKEN Nishina Center
Computational Chemistry and Physics Laboratory. Universiti Sains Malaysia
ADSM, Hiroshima University
Neutron Science Laboratory, ISSP, University of Tokyo
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Science, Kochi University- 216 -

200

(Ce xLa 1-x )Ru 2Al 10
150
Internal Field (G)The Kondo semiconductors CeT2 Al10 (T = Fe, Ru,
and Os) have been attracting much attention becauseof their unusual antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at
T0 ∼ 30 K for T = Ru and Os .1,2) Below T0 , theAFM moment (mAF ) is parallel to the orthorhombic c
axis3,4) although the easy magnetization axis is the aaxis with a large magnetic anisotropy, χa  χc  χb .
By substituting magnetic Ce (4f 1 ) with nonmagnetic
La (4f 0 ), a further unusual ordered state is realized;
the direction of mAF is switched from the c to b axis,
although the b axis is the magnetic hardest axis.5)
Nonetheless, T0 is not significantly reduced, and the
Kondo semiconducting behavior is maintained by thesubstitution. On further reducing the Ce concentration, T0 decreases smoothly and disappears at a critical Ce concentration of x ∼ 0.45. This indicates thatthe interaction of the transition is long-ranged, like the
RKKY interaction. However, the transition temperature, T0 ∼ 30 K, is too high for an usual magnetic transition because (1) the TN of isomorphous GdT2 Al10 ,which is expected to show the highest ordering temperature in a series of RT2 Al10 systems, is only 16−18
K, and (2) the distance between the nearest Ce sites
is greater than 5 Å. These imply that magnetic interactions are not key parameters for the transition, butthere could be an unknown parameter related to thec − f hybridization effect.
Previously, we examined the microscopic magnetismof CeRu2 Al10 and the related Rh−doped one by meansof µSR in RAL,6) together with numerical calculations
by using the density functional theory.7) By substituting Ru with Rh which possesses an extra 4d electroncompared to Ru, electronic properties are drasticallychanged, and mAF  a is realized instead of mAF  c.8)
From our results, we have concluded that (1) the critical Rh concentration is less than 3%; (2) there are
two muon stopping sites, which is supported by the
DFT calculation; (3) internal fields, Hint (HLarge andHSmall ), are very sensitive to spin structure; and (4)transferred hyperfine field could be essential for their
non-mean field like behavior.
In order to examine the microscopic magnetism in(Cex La1−x )Ru2 Al10 , we performed zero-field µSR using randomly mounted small single crystals. Figure 1
shows the preliminary results of the temperature dependence of Hint in (Ce0.9 La0.1 )Ru2 Al10 . The data

H Large100
H Small

50

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

x=1
x=0.9

x=1
x=0.9

35

40

Temperature (K)Fig. 1. Preliminary results of the temperature dependenceof the internal magnetic fields in (Ce0.9 La0.1 )Ru2 Al10 .
The data for x = 1 are also shown for comparison.6)
Dotted curves are guides to the eyes.

for x = 1 are also shown for comparison.6) For x = 1,
HLarge exhibits the usual mean-field behavior, whereas
HSmall shows non-mean-field behavior. For x = 0.9, asimilar behavior is obtained in HLarge . On the other
hand, HSmall exhibits a behavior significantly different
from that of HSmall for x = 1. Thus, HLarge is robust,
while HSmall is strongly affected by the substitution.
Considering the mean-field behavior of HLarge , the development of mAF should be regarded a mean-field
type. Thus, the non-mean field behavior of HSmall for
x = 0.9 could also be related to the hyperfine anomaly.
It should be noted that the temperature dependenceof HSmall for x = 0.9 is very similar to that of HLargein the Rh-doped CeRu2 Al10 , aside from a large difference in magnitude.6) This could be a key to identify
the muon sites and the origin of the hyperfine anomaly.
References
1) A. M. Strydom, Physica B 404, 2981 (2009).
2) T. Nishioka et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 123705 (2009).
3) D. D. Khalyavin et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 100405(R)(2010).
4) H. Tanida et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 233202 (2011).
5) H. Tanida et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 045135 (2013).
6) H. Guo et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 115206 (2013).
7) N. Adam et al., J. Phys. Conf. Series. 551, 012053(2014).
8) R. Kobayashi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 093702(2013).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Disappearing of the Ir-ordered state in the Pyrochlore iridates(Nd,Ca)2 Ir2 O7 studied by µSR
R. Asih,∗1,∗2 S. S. Mohd-Tajudin,∗1,∗3 N. Adam,∗1,∗3 K. Matsuhira,∗4 T. Nakano,∗2 Y. Nozue,∗2 andI. Watanabe∗1,∗2,∗3

A(t) = A1 e−λ1 t + A2 e−λ2 t + A3 cos(γµ Hint + ϕ)e−λ3 t(1)is used to fit the time spectra. λ1 and λ2 are the slow
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Osaka University
School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology- 217 -

and fast relaxation rates, respectively, while λ3 is thedamping rate of muon-spin precession. Hint and ϕ are
the internal field at the muon site and the initial phaseof muon precession, respectively.
20

Corrected Asymmetry (%)

Pyrochore iridates, R2 Ir2 O7 (R-227, R = Y andrare-earth element), are an ideal platform to study theinterplay between electron correlation (U ) and spinorbit coupling (SOC ) in which the electron correlation (U ) can be systematically tuned by changing theionic radius of R-ion (r ).1) Among pyrochlore systems,
these compounds have the widest structure stability2)and experimentally have revealed systematic metalinsulator transition (MIT) and systematic variation ofproperties with R.3) The MIT temperature, TMI , decreases monotonically as the ionic radius of R3+ increases, and its boundary lies between R = Nd andPr.3) Accordingly the study on a change in the magnetically ordered state in Nd2 Ir2 O7 and its doped-systems
is important to discuss an intrinsic critical behavior of
the electronic state in R2 Ir2 O7 .
In this study, we report the effect of Ca substitution on the magnetic ordered state of Ir4+ spinsin Nd2 Ir2 O7 investigated by muon-spin relaxation.
Nd2 Ir2 O7 shows metallic behavior at high temperature and undergoes MIT at temperatures around 33
K,3) and the magnetic order in this material also seemto occur simultaneously at TMI without any lattice distortion.4) In our previous µSR results on Nd2 Ir2 O7 ,5)
we observed the coherent magnetically ordered stateof Ir4+ spins just below TMI and confirmed that Nd3+
moments mainly grew below 15 K as observed in theneutron diffraction.6)
As observed in the electrical resistivity and the DC
magnetization measurements, in which the TMI andmagnetic transition (TM ) decrease by increasing Ca
doping, we expected the Ca substitution to dramatically suppress the magnetic order of Ir4+ spins in(Nd1−x Cax )2 Ir2 O7 . Figure 1 shows the zero-field (ZF)
time spectrum of (Nd1−x Cax )2 Ir2 O7 at a temperatureof 1.5 K. The spontaneous muon spin precession isstill observed in the sample with 3 % of Ca-doped,
and it becomes less well-defined at a higher Ca substitution. A heavily damped muon-spin precession with
fast damping rate is the characteristic in the time spectrum at a high Ca concentration. A phenomenological
function of10(Nd1-xCax)2Ir2O7
T = 1.5 K

x = 0.00

20

x = 0.031020

x = 0.071020

x = 0.10

10
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Time ( s)

0.8

1.0

Fig. 1. Zero-field time spectrum of (Nd1−x Cax )2 Ir2 O7 inthe early time region at a temperature of 1.5 K. The
solid lines are fits to Eq. 1.

A spontaneous muon spin precession was observedin the sample with 3 % of Ca concentration at a temperature below 12.5 K, which is lower than the TMIof this sample. At higher Ca concentrations, x = 0.07
and 0.10, no static ordering was observed at temperature below 1.5 K. Although the TMI of these samples is
estimated to be approximately 10 K and 5 K, respectively. This indicates that the carrier doping would
strongly suppress the magnetic ordering rather thanthe changes in the electrical transport properties.
References
1) X. Wan et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 205101 (2011).
2) J. S. Gardner, M. J. P. Gingras, and J. E. Greedan,
Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 53 (2010)3) K. Matsuhira et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 094701(2011).
4) J. Yamaura et al., Phys. Rev. Letter 108, 247205(2012).
5) H. Guo et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 060411(R) (2013).
6) K. Tomiyasu et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81, 034709(2012).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

μSRinvestigation
investigationofof novelnovel magnetism
magnetism inμSR
in thethe4d
4dHeisenberg-Kitaev
Heisenberg-Kitaev
honeycomb
α-RuCl3 3compound α-RuCl
honeycomb compound
S. Yoon,*1,*2 S.-H. Do,*3 Y. S. Kwon,*4 K.-Y. Choi,*3 I. Watanabe,*1,*2 and B. J. Suh*2
The Kitaev honeycomb spin model has been considered
as an approach to study the spin liquid state.1)-3) This modelis based on the two-dimensional honeycomb network ofmagnetic ions with strong spin orbit coupling. This
environment can suppress the Heisenberg AF exchange,4),5)
and it can result in anisotropic exchange depending on thebond direction.5) This exchange leads to a highly frustrated
spin state with spatial and spin degrees of freedom.1)-3) This
fractional spin excitation that reflects the frustrated spinstate can be translated by an emergence of Majorana
fermions with their own antiparticles.1)-3),5)
Honeycomb ruthenate, α-RuCl3, was suggested as a
candidate to realize the Kitaev spin model.6) It provides
proper environments for the Kitaev spin model, a cubic
environment composed of Cl- ions for revealing strong spin
orbit coupling, and honeycomb layers connected by weakvan der Waals forces for realizing the ideal two-dimensional
environment for Kitaev exchanges.6) It exhibits two distinct
magnetic anomalies, at 6 K, and 14 K in the DC
susceptibility. Also, significant exchange anisotropy isfound by observing the different Weiss temperatures with
opposite signs in the different external field orientations.7)-9)221.67 K
6.01 K6.43 K
6.63 K

Asymmetry (%)

20

18

16

14

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Time OµsP

150

Average local field (G)7.01 K
8.99 K
11.50 K
68.02 K

120
90

References

60
30
0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Temperature (K)Fig. 1. (upper panel) Time differential spectra of the muonpolarization at several temperatures in the zero field
condition, and (lower panel) temperature dependence of theinternal field extracted by fitting muon time spectra at thezero field with an assumption of the magnetic ordered state*1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, The Catholic University of Korea*3
Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University*4
Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST*2

Our synthesized honeycomb ruthenate single crystal
shows three distinct anomalies at 6 K, 9.5 K, and 12.5 K in
the result of the heat capacity measurement, and themagnetic susceptibility exhibits the result similar to those in
the previous reports.7)-9) Besides, this material is found to be
similar to the ideal two-dimensional environment as arhombohedral lattice was revealed in the crystal structure
analysis. In this environment, the effects induced bystacking faults in the honeycomb layers are expected todecrease. For instance, different magnetic transitions
emerge from different stacking orders in the neutron
diffraction results.10) Additionally, a single anomaly at 14 K
is revealed in honeycomb ruthenate with a monoclinic
lattice.11)
Fig. 1 shows the muon time spectra at several
temperatures in the zero field condition (upper panel), andthe temperature dependence of internal fields extracted byfitting muon time spectra with an assumption of themagnetic ordered state (lower panel). The muon time
spectra obtained at the zero field exhibit the clear oscillation
below 6 K, and changes of the initial asymmetry, whichindicate the magnetic ordered state. In addition, single
exponential relaxation is exhibited over 13 K. With these
phenomena, we analyzed the muon time spectra based on
the magnetic ordered state below 13 K as shown in Fig. 1(lower panel). Furthermore, we observed similar relaxations
between 4 μs and 6 μs at 1.7 K, and 6 K. These relaxations
can provide evidence of the frustrated spin state.
In summary, we performed a microscopic investigation ofhoneycomb ruthenate with a rhombohedral lattice using
spin polarized muons. We analyzed the muon polarizations
below 13 K in the zero field condition with an assumptionof the magnetic ordered state revealed by the clear
oscillation below 6 K, and single exponential relaxation
over 13 K.
1) W. Witczak-Krempa et al., Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.
5, 57 (2014).
2) J. G. Rau et al., arXiv:1507.06323.
3) R. Schaffer et al., arXiv:1512.02224.
4) A. Kitaev, Ann. Phys. 321, 2 (2006).
5) G. Jackeli, and G. Khaliullin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 017205(2009).
6) K. W. Plumb et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 041112 (2014).
7) Y. Kubota et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 094422 (2015).
8) J. A. Sears et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 144420 (2015).
9) M. Majumder et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 180401 (2015).
10) A. Banerjee et al., arXiv:1504.08037.
11) R. D. Johnson et al., Phys. Rev. B 92, 235119 (2015).

- 218 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Investigation of the magnetic ground state of frustrated spin system
Rb2 Cu2 Mo3 O12

Relaxation rate λ (µs−1)

Rb2 Cu2 Mo3 O12 is a quantum spin system having
a spin-1/2 one-dimensional (1D) zig-zag chain, where
spin frustration is expected to result from competition between the first and second neighbor exchangeinteractions, J1 and J2 .1) Based on the ratio J1 /J2 ,it has been suggested that the magnetic ground stateof this system is novel incommensurate spin-singlet.2)
However, evidence for the spin-singlet ground state has
not been bared experimentally. Magnetic susceptibility drops at low temperature but exhibits a nonzero
value,1) and a powder inelastic neutron scattering measurement did not reveal an energy gap, whereas dispersive spin excitations arising from an incommensurate
propagation vector were observed.3) In order to clarify
the magnetic ground state of Rb2 Cu2 Mo3 O12 , we performed a muon spin relaxation (µSR) experiment on
this material at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility.

Field distribution ∆ (G)S. Ohira-Kawamura,∗1,∗2 K. Tomiyasu,∗3 and I. Watanabe∗2

4
2
0
0.06

0.02

0

Asymmetry

15

30 K
10 K
7K
5K
3K
1.5 K
0.3 K

10

0

4

8

12

16

Time (µs)
Fig. 1. ZF-µSR time spectra observed at various temperatures.

Figure 1 shows the time spectra observed at various
temperatures under zero-field (ZF). The relaxation is
gradually enhanced below 10 K, while it shows littlechange below ∼1.5 K. The enhancement of the relaxation is moderate, and a Gaussian-like relaxation
is sustained even at the lowest temperature. This behavior indicates the existence of a nonmangetic groundstate without any magnetic order.
The ZF-µSR time spectra are fitted with a relaxation
function A(t) = AGKT (∆, t)e−λt , where GKT (∆, t) is a
Gaussian Kubo-Toyabe function that describes a random and static field, ∆ the distribution width of the
∗2
∗3

1

10

Temperature (K)100Fig. 2. Temperature dependence of (a) the field distribution width ∆ and (b) the relaxation rate λ.

20

∗1

(b)

0.04

25

5

(a)

6

J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tohoku University- 219 -

random field, and λ the relaxation rate of the muon
spin. The temperature dependences of ∆ and λ areshown in Figs. 2(a) and 2(b), respectively. They show
similar trends. They are almost independent of temperature above ∼10 K, where the system is paramagnetic. As temperature decreases, both parameters increase simultaneously and saturate at ∼1 K. We notethat the spectra cannot be fitted with a constant ∆value in the whole measured temperature range. Sucha temperature dependence of the relaxation rate has
been reported in a several spin-singlet systems,4) andin most cases, the relaxation rate starts to increase concomitantly with the formation of spin-singlet pairs. In
the present system, the magnetic susceptibility showsa broad maximum at ∼14 K, and then decreases withdecreasing temperature.1) Therefore, the ZF-µSR result indicates the appearance of the spin-singlet statein Rb2 Cu2 Mo3 O12 .
References
1) M. Hase et al., Phys. Rev. B 70, 104426 (2004).
2) T. Tonegawa and I. Harada, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 2902
(1989).
3) K. Tomiyasu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 092502 (2009).
4) For example, B. W. Lovett et al., Phys. Rev. B 61,
12241 (2000); S. Ohira-Kawamura et al., J. Phys.: Conf.
Ser. 225, (2010) 012041.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Spindynamics
dynamics for p electronsSpinelectronsin
inCsO
CsO22and
andNaONaO
22
D. P. Sari,䠆1,䠆2 R. Asih,䠆1,䠆2 I. Watanabe,䠆2 A. Kumar,䠆3 and G. Blake䠆3
Alkali metal superoxides (AO2) such as NaO2, KO2,
RbO2, and CsO2 forming ionic crystals that adopt crystal
structures related to rocksalt structures are ideal model
system for the study of the p-electron magnetism. The
magnetic properties of KO2 and RbO2 systems have alreadybeen well investigated, unlike those of NaO2 and CsO2,
because of the ease of fabricating the sample. In a
superoxide anion (O2)-, there is one unpaired spin (S = ½)
because three electrons occupy a pair of degenerate
antibonding S* molecular orbitals. AO2 compounds undergo
structural distortion splitting the S* energy levels and lifting
the orbital degeneracy similar to the Jahn-Teller effect fordegenerate orbitals. Orbital ordering similar to that found intransition metal systems may be expected, but has scarcely
been studied experimentally.
The neutron diffraction, EPR, and AFMR measurements
revealed the crystal structure of KO2, RbO2, and CsO2 to be
FM in the crystallographic ab plane and AFM along the
crystallographic c axis.
From the NMR study on CsO2 by Klanjsek et al., a huge,nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the exchange
coupling originating from thermal liberations of O2molecules above ~70 K was observed. TomonagaLutingger liquid behavior (~15K – 40K) was observed, inwhich antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin chains are formed as aresult of p-orbital ordering, and then magnetic phasetransition occurs again jumping to the ordered Neel state at

Fig. 1. ZF-PSR time spectrum for CsO2 for the firstmicrosecond from 10 K down to base temperature.

Fig. 2. Internal Field from at least 2 muon sites in CsO 2.
around ~10 K [1]. The latter supports the prediction ofsusceptibility measurement in which an anomaly in themagnetic susceptibility was observed around 10 K,
indicating a possible crossover from 1D chain character
which was fit with the original Boner-Fisher formulation(15 K – 70 K) to 3D AFM ordering [2].
We performed PSR measurement at the Continuous
Muon Facility PSI, Switzerland. We obtained time spectra
show a non-ordered state still until 10 K and then theinternal field appeared at around 8 K from at least 2 muonsites in CsO2 and tends to increase with decreasing
temperature [Figs. 1 and 2]. There is no clear enhancementin the depolarization rate due to the spin dynamics observed
around the transition temperature. We confirm that thissample is of good quality based on our susceptibility
measurement with a small contribution of the paramagnetic
state in the low temperature regime.
The sample quality of NaO2 revealed by oursusceptibility measurement was not very good. We only
observed a paramagnetic state from the M-H curve.
Unfortunately, we could not obtain PSR data from the PSI
for NaO2 owing to a cryostat problem. We only have
ZF-PSR data obtained using the Pulsed Muon at the
RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility in the UK. The initialasymmetry from room temperature to 6 K shows agradually decreasing trend, indicating fast depolarization
behavior with a small volume fraction. Furthermore, in thenext measurement at the RIKEN-RAL, we plan todetermine whether NaO2 is magnetically ordered in the
ground state, like CsO2.
References

1) M. Klanjsek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 057205 (2015).
2) S. Riyadi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 217206 (2012).

RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆2
Department of Physics, Osaka University
䠆3
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
䠆1- 220 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)µSR study of spin dynamics in Cu-based organic-inorganic hybrid
systems
E. Suprayoga,∗1,∗2 A. A. Nugroho,∗2 D. Onggo,∗2 and I. Watanabe∗1
The muon-site is a very important parameter tostudy the hyperﬁne interaction between muon andelectrons and to discuss ordered states of electronic
spins in magnetic materials. In the previous report,1)
we have estimated muon-sites in organic-inorganic hybrid materials of (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2 CuCl4 (PEA)
and (C2 H5 NH3 )2 CuCl4 (EA) by taking into accountthe minimum electrostatic potential energy based on
the density functional theory (DFT). Accordingly, we
estimated six muon-site candidates in EA and eightcandidates in PEA; nevertheless, only one site was experimentally achieved on both materials with an internal ﬁeld of around 200 G at 4 K.2) A new achievement
for PEA has been obtained at the RIKEN-RAL muon
facilities. The internal ﬁeld of PEA increases by decreasing the temperature with 240 G at 1.5 K. This
result can be used to discuss the magnetic interaction
mechanism between magnetic layers in PEA system.
In order to understand the magnetic interaction in
EA and PEA systems and to explain the experimental
results, we performed DFT and dipole ﬁeld calculations by using the HOKUSAI, RIKEN supercomputer.
To begin with, we put a muon at the minimum potential position in a bulk structure of 2 × 2 × 1 supercell
to study the localization of the muon. To obtain theﬁnal stable muon position, we made a self-consistency
test by using the generalized gradient approximation(GGA) and augmented plane wave (APW) pseudopotential methods as implemented in the VASP package.3) During the self-consistency, the muon moved
to the side of CuCl4 octahedral, pushed the nearest
Cu2+ ion and deformed the local crystal structure due
to change in the local potential around the muon, as
shown in Fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 2. Local structure deformation of (C2 H5 NH3 )2 CuCl4(EA) by the injected muon.

In order to conﬁrm our muon-site candidates, we
calculated electronic dipole ﬁelds at the muon position
coming to the magnetic moment of Cu2+ spins. We
assumed the ferromagnetic spin alignment as previously suggested from the susceptibility measurement4)
and calculated electronic dipolar ﬁelds in three diﬀerent orientations along the a-, b-, and c- axes to ﬁnd
the ground-state condition. We also considered otherquantum eﬀects such as the zero-point vibration motion of the muon, the spatial distribution of the magnetic moments, and the deformation of the surrounding
electronic orbital by the injected muon.
Our DFT calculation results on both Cu-hybrid systems show the appearance of magnetic moment distribution of Cl− as well as that of Cu2+ ions. We estimated the size of magnetic moment around 0.5 µB and0.1 µB for Cu2+ and Cl− ions, respectively, to calculate dipole ﬁelds at the muon site. In order to obtain
the accurate muon position, we suggested the supercell calculation to see local deformation of the ionicposition due to injected muon. Finally, by including
those eﬀects, we can compare the experimental resultsof internal ﬁelds at the muon-site in order to determine
the spin structure of Cu-hybrid EA and PEA. Detailed
calculations and further discussion of the magnetic interaction mechanism between magnetic layers on thosehybrids are under way and we expect to obtain the ﬁnal results and conclusions very soon.
References

Fig. 1. Local structure deformation of (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2
CuCl4 (PEA) by the injected muon.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
FMIPA, Institut Teknologi Bandung- 221 -

1) E. Suprayoga et al.: RIKEN Accell. Prog. Rep. 48, 267(2015).
2) A. A. Nugroho et al.: RIKEN Accell. Prog. Rep. 45,
193 (2012).
3) G. Kresse and J. Furthmuller: Phys. Rev. 54, 11169(1996).
4) L. J. De Jongh et al.: Physica 58, 277 (1972).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Study of frustrated antiferromagnetic states by µSR
M. Abdel-Jawad,∗1 Y. Ishii,∗2 Y. Oshima,∗1 R. Kato,∗1 and I. Watanabe∗3
A series of organic salts, (Cation)[Pd(dmit)2 ]2(dmit=1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate) has a triangular exchange network of S = 1/2 units of moleculardimers1) . The strength of the spin frustration can becontrolled by the choice of the cation. In such triangular magnets, geometrical frustration is thought to play
an important role in determining the magnetic state, as
the antiferromagnetic (AF) transition temperature isfound to increase proportionally to the deviation fromthe almost regular triangular exchange networks. It
is thought that EtMe3 Sb[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 2) does not show
any AF order owing to strong spin frustrations. The
exchange interaction J in these materials is on the order of 200 to 300 K.
Recent longitudinal field (LF) µSR measurements
were performed on EtMe3 Sb[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 , a quantum
spin liquid (QSL) candidate. Preliminary analysis
suggests that the field dependence of √the muon relaxation rate, λ, is proportional to 1/ B in a field
range of 1 ≤ Bext ≤ 1000 G at low-temperatures.
Such behaviour is expected from one-dimensional (1D)
spin diffusion, a surprising result considering the quasi
two dimensional nature of the electronic structure ofPd(dmit)2 -based compounds.
To study how geometrical frustration affects the nature of the spin fluctuations, we have performed µSR
measurements on Et2 Me2 P[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 , a Mott insulator with an AF transition of 14 K. Analysis in theparamagnetic temperature region of the µSR spectra
was performed using the following formula:dependence of λ at 100 G, which peaks at 100 K and
is dominated by 2D spin diffusion or 1D ballistic spin
motion. This 100 K maximum of λ at 100 G is interesting as it correlates with the thermoelectric power
maximum and the onset of the anomalous dielectric
constant5) of the same compound.

A(t) = A0 exp (−λt) × GKT (∆, HLF , t)Fig. 1. Dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rate
λ on the applied longitudinal field at 100 K in
Et2 Me2 P[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 . (Inset) Temperature dependence of the relaxation rate λ of Et2 Me2 P[Pd(dmit)2 ]2
at a zero field and a 100 G longitudinal field.

∗3

Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKEN
Shibaura Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center- 222 -

λ(µs-1)0.015

λ(µs-1)

0.01
0

100

ln(J

10−2

10−3

1

10

200
T(K)

/B)

.86

∗2

10−1

0.05

-0

∗1

ZF
100G

0.1

B

where GKT (∆, HLF , t) is the Kubo-Toyabe function,
which is due to nuclear dipoles, and λ is the muon
depolarization rate, which describes the degree of electron spin fluctuation. ∆ values were determined withthe zero field (ZF) data and were assumed to be LF
independent.
Figure 1 shows that the LF dependence of λ at 100
K in Et2 Me2 P[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 is a combination of two different spin fluctuation motions. At low fields, λ follows
a power law LF dependence with an exponent of -0.86,
a value close to the -1/2 value expected from a spinon
1D spin diffusion motion, whereas at higher magnetic
fields a logarithmic dependence of λ emerges, indicative of a purely 2D spin diffusion or 1D ballistic spin
motion3,4) . The inset of Fig. 1 shows that the temperature dependence of λ at ZF, which is dominatedby the 1D spin diffusion motion, increases with decreasing temperature in contrast to the temperature

100

100
B(G)

300

J=2.

4T

1000

LF µSR measurements in Et2 Me2 P[Pd(dmit)2 ]2have shown that decreasing geometrical frustration on
the spin-liquid level not only increases the AF transition temperature but changes the nature of the spin
fluctuations from the purely 1D diffusion motion of aspinon. Further, LF µSR measurements are required
to properly quantify the ratio between the two different spin motions, their relation to charge transport,
and the degree of geometrical frustration.
References
1) K. Kanoda and R. Kato, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter
Phys. 2, 167 (2011).
2) M. Yamashita et al., Science, 328, 1246 (2010).
3) F. L. Pratt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 247203 (2006).
4) F. L. Pratt et al., Physica B 404, 585589 (2009).
5) M. Abdel-Jawad et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 075139 (2013).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Antiferromagnetic ordering in organic π − d hybrids [Pd(tmdt)2 ]R. Takagi,∗1 I. Watanabe,∗2 S. S. Mohd-Tajudin,∗2,∗3 R. Asih,∗2,∗4
K. Kanoda,∗5 S. Ogura,∗6 B. Zhou,∗6 and A. Kobayashi∗6
Emergent phenomena in the systems of interacting
electrons are expected to be more diverse when electrons are accommodated by multi-orbitals with distinctive characters. [M (tmdt)2 ], a family of organic
π − d hybrids, are multi-orbital correlated electron systems, where a transition metal ion, M , is coordinatedwith organic ligands, tmdt, from both sides.1–3) The
orbitals near the Fermi level are a d-orbital in M and
π-orbitals in tmdt.4,5) The energy-level difference between the d and π orbitals depends on M , and leads
to the diverse ground states; paramagnetic metals withappreciable electron correlations for M = Ni and Pt,
an antiferromagnetic (AF) metal (TN = 110 K) for M= Au, and a one-dimensional AF Mott insulator (TN= 13 K) for M = Cu.6–11)
For the M = Ni, Pt, and Pd compounds, the π andd orbitals are well separated in terms of energy; theirconduction bands are composed of only π orbitals. Although the Ni and Pt systems are paramagnetic metals as expected, we recently found that the Pd system was exceptional. It showed a decrease in ESR
signal intensity and broadening of the NMR spectra
below 100 K.12,13) A broad peak appeared around 50
K in the temperature dependence of the NMR relaxation rate.13) These results suggest that an AF ordering inhomogeneously appears in the sample. The
inhomogeneously-ordered state might be a long-rangeordered state, which cannot be explained by the bandcalculation and implies the importance of the electron
correlation of the π-orbitals and/or spin-orbit couplingin this system.
In order to achieve full confirmation of the appearance of magnetic ordering and to investigate the magnetic ground state, we carried out zero-field (ZF) µSR
measurements on [Pd(tmdt)2 ] polycrystalline sample
in the DOLLY area at Paul Scherrer Institut. Figure1(a) shows the ZF-µSR time spectra of [Pd(tmdt)2 ] atvarious temperatures. It can clearly be seen that therelaxation becomes faster at lower temperatures andthat the shape of the relaxation function changes withtemperature. At 50 K and 10 K, muon-spin precession
signals were observed. This provides clear evidence forthe appearance of a long-range-ordered magnetic statein [Pd(tmdt)2 ] at least below 50 K. The slow relaxationof the non-oscillating signal can originate from tempo∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)
RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo
Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University- 223 -

Fig. 1. (a)ZF-µSR time spectra of [Pd(tmdt)2 ] observed
at 10, 50, 100, and 150 K. (b) LF-µSR time spectra
observed at 10 K.

rally fluctuating fields and/or small static local fields.
To determine whether the spin state in the groundstate is static or not and to find the residual spin dynamics, we performed µSR measurements under a longitudinal field (LF). As shown in Fig. 1(b), the slowly
relaxing signal was suppressed and became nearly flaton applying a field of 20 G. This indicates the existenceof a small static field, thus ruling out the temporally
fluctuating fields that are slower than the µSR timescale (10−6 −10−11 sec). The small static field might
originate from the nuclear dipolar fields in a possible
paramagnetic volume within the sample. This suggeststhat the magnetically-ordered state of [Pd(tmdt)2 ] isa inhomogeneously-ordered state, which is consistent
with the preceding NMR and ESR results.
References
1) A. Kobayashi et al ., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 051002(2006).
2) H. Seo et al ., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 023714 (2008).
3) H. Seo et al ., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 054711 (2013).
4) S. Ishibashi et al ., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 024702(2008).
5) S. Ishibashi et al ., Crystals 2, 1210 (2012).
6) H. Tanaka et al ., Science 291, 285 (2001).
7) Y. Hara et al ., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 053706 (2008).
8) B. Zhou et al ., Adv. Mater. 21, 3596 (2009).
9) B. Zhou et al ., Inorg. Chem. 49, 6740 (2010).
10) R. Takagi et al ., Phys. Rev. B 85, 184424 (2012).
11) R. Takagi et al ., Phys. Rev. B 93, 024403 (2016).
12) S. Ogura et al ., unpublished.
13) R. Takagi et al ., unpublished.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Solute-vacancy clustering
clustering in
Solute-vacancy
in Al-Mg-Si
Al-Mg-Si andandAl-Si
Al-Sialloys
alloysK. Nishimura,＊1,＊3 K. Matsuda, ＊1,＊3 T. Namiki,＊1 S. Lee,＊1 N. Nunomura,＊2
I. Watanabe,＊3 M. A. Jaward,＊3 S. Yoon,＊3 T. Matsuzaki,＊3 and F. L. Pratt＊4
The Al-Mg-Si (6xxx series) aluminum alloys are in highdemand as materials for vehicles because of their low
weight, excellent formability and age hardenability.1,2)
The usual process for heat treatment is solution heat
treatment at approximately 820 K followed by quick
quenching with water, resulting in a supersaturated solid
solution (SSSS). After storage at room temperature(called natural aging, NA), the alloy undergoes artificial
aging (AA) at around 420 K, leading to a precipitation
sequence:3)
SSSS  Mg/Si/vacancy cluster  Guinier Preston (GP)zone  ”  ’  (Mg2Si).
It is well known that the early stage of solute clusteringof Mg and Si proceeds quite quickly and is completed inless than an hour, even at room temperature.4-6) Along-standing problem for industries is that NA treatment
often results in a negative effect on the mechanical strength
in the following AA.3,7) The microstructures of the
precipitations have been studied intensively usingtransmission electron microscopy (TEM)8) and atom probe
tomography (APT)9) to reveal the age hardening mechanism.
These techniques, however, require time consuming sample
preparation; thus, it is difficult to directly observe the earlystage of clustering. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)10) has been widely used to investigate precipitation
processes and cluster formation, but in principle, thismethod cannot be used for isothermal measurements
because the peak positions in a heat flow spectrum dependon the heating rate. From various studies on Al-Mg-Si
alloys, it has been found that vacancy behavior isconsidered to play an important role in the aging process,enhancing the diffusion of solute Mg and Si atoms andnucleation of clusters. Positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS)5,6) and muon spin relaxation spectroscopy (SR)11,12)
have been successfully used to investigate the vacancy andclustering behavior in Al-Mg-Si alloys.
New observations of time dependent muon spin
relaxation of an Al-1.6%Mg2Si alloy at the isothermal
condition at 280 K, 290 K, and 300K are presented in thisreport. All the samples underwent heat treatment at 848 K
for 1 h and subsequent quenching in ice water (STQ).
Approximately 10 min after STQ, the sample was inserted
in an ARGUS muon spectrometer, and then, zero-field SRmeasurement was performed at a constant temperature.
The observed spin relaxation spectra were fit using a
Gaussian function with standard deviation 1/ using the
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, U. Toyama
Information Technology Center, U. Toyama＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊4
ISIS Facility, RAL＊1＊2

WIMDA program,13) where  is a measure of thedepolarization rate of the muon spins. The deduced valuesof the muon spin depolarization rates at 280 K showed littlechange in the time range between 20 and 100 min, thengradually decreased with time, and finally decreased
linearly in a logarithmic time scale about 400 min after STQ.
The depolarization rates at 290 K decreased slowly withtime in the early stage till about 30 min, and then decreased
linearly in a logarithmic time scale. Those at 300 K
decreased in a logarithmic time scale from the early stage,
but there are three different time regions. These time
variations of the depolarization rates are quite similar to
those of the positron annihilation lifetime in Al-Mg-Si
alloys,5) thus, they can be interpreted in terms of theclustering kinetics of a Mg/Si/vacancy. From an Arrhenius
plot of the relaxation rates against the reciprocal measured
temperature, the activation energy for clustering of Mg or Si
atoms in an Al-1.6%Mg2Si sample is deduced.

Fig. 1. Aging time dependences of zero-field spin
relaxation rate for Al-1.6%Mg2Si sample at constanttemperatures of 280, 290, and 300 K.
References

1) K. Matsuda et al., Mater. Trans. 43, 2789 (2002).
2) T. Moons et al., Scripta Mater. 35, 939 (1996).
3) S. Pogatscher et al., Acta Mater. 59, 3352 (2011).
4) H. Seyedrezai et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. A525, 186 (2009).
5) J. Banhart et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 014101 (2011).
6) A. Somoza et al., Phys. Rev. B 61, 14454 (2000).
7) S. Pogatscher et al., Phy. Rev. Lett. 112, 225701 (2014).
8) C. D. Marioara et al., J. Mater. Sci. 41, 471 (2006).
9) M.W. Zandbergen et al., Acta Mater. 101, 136 (2015).
10) S. Kim et al., Mater. Trans. 54, 297 (2013).
11) S. Wenner et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 104201 (2012).
12) S. Wenner et al., Acta Mater. 61, 6082 (2013).
13) F. L. Pratt, Physica B289, 710 (2000).

- 224 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Li-ion diﬀusion in Li-ion battery material LiFe1−x Mnx PO4
I. Umegaki,∗1 H. Nozaki,∗1 G. Kobayashi,∗2 R. Kanno,∗3 M. Månsson,∗4 A. Berlie,∗5 I. Watanabe,∗5
and J. Sugiyama∗1-102

DLi (10 cm /s)

For the development of on-board batteries, the Liion battery is required to operate at high voltages. For
arealizing
practical Li-ion
Li-ion battery,battery, aa solid
solid solution
realizing aa practicalof the olivine-type lithium iron/manganese phosphate(LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 ) is used as the positive electrode material. Olivine lithium phosphate is superior
in terms of stability and is a low cost material. The
tetrahedron PO4 is so stable that oxygen desorption
hardly occurs. Compared to other positive electrodematerials such as LiCoO2 , olivine lithium phosphate
is produced at a low cost because it contains no transition metals. High charge/discharge voltage can besteadily obtained for the Li(Fe,Mn)PO4 solid solution.
It is noted that the LiFe1−x Mnx PO4 (x∼0.7) solid solution is used for the realization of a practical Li-ion
battery.
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

x in LiFe1-xMnxPO4
Fig. 1. x dependence of the DLi at 300 K. The data for
x = 0 is reported in Ref. 1 and the data for x =0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9 and 1 have been obtained with EMU
spectrometer in ISIS.

6 -1∆, ν (10 s )LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4

Temperature (K)Fig. 2. Temperature dependences of (a) ∆(open circle) and(b) ν (closed circle) obtained for LiFe0.2 Mn0.8 PO4 .

We investigated Li diﬀusion in LiFePO4 and
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

LiMnPO4 by µ+ SR1) . However, we could not obtain information about Li diﬀusion for LiMnPO4 , because µ+ SR spectra were strongly aﬀected by magnetic
moment of Mn2+ . Although the diﬀusive nature of
Lithium is represented in the dynamic Kubo-Toyabe(KT) type relaxed signal in zero ﬁeld (ZF) µ+ SR measurements, the small changes in KT signal are hidden
by fast relaxed signal caused by the magnetic momentof Mn2+ . In order to avoid the magnetic eﬀect due toMn2+ , we meausred µ+ SR spectra on LiFe1−x Mnx PO4
with smaller x to presume the Li diﬀusive nature in
LiFe1−x Mnx PO4 with larger x (Fig. 1).
In order to investigate Li-ion diﬀusion in the solid
solution similar to the one used in the practical battery, we measured µ+ SR spectra on LiFe0.2 Mn0.8 PO4 .
In x=0.8 samples, the ZF-µ+ SR spectrum is ﬁtted by
the sum of the exponentially relaxed static KT function and fast relaxation, asumming the volume fraction
determined for smaller x as the initial value. Then,the ZF-µ+ SR spectrum exhibits dynamic KT function at temperatures above 150 K. By ﬁtting the ZFand LF-spectra with a dynamic KT function, the ﬁeld
ﬂuctuation rate (ν), relaxation rate (λ) and the ﬁeld
distribution width (∆) were obtained. For x=0.8, ν
rapidly starts to increase and ∆ starts to decrease at
150 K (Fig. 2). This indicates that Li-ion diﬀusion occurs above 150 K. The diﬀusion coeﬃcient is estimatedas DLi = 2.1×10−10 (cm2 /s) at 300 K.
By utilizing ARGUS spectrometer to obtain a large
asymmetry for the KT signal, we obtained additional
data to the systematic results taken with EMU spectrometer for the solid solution, LiFe1−x Mnx PO4 with
x =0.2 - 1. There appers to be a peak in DLi between
x=0.6 and x=1 (Fig. 1). However, we cannot conclude
that DLi has a small peak around x=0.8 since we havemeasured only for x=0.6 and 0.9. We would like to
study in detail the region between x=0.6 - 0.9, since
the composition is very close to that used in a practical
Li-ion battery.
We also measured µ+ SR spectrum on x=0 sample,
however, the obtained data was unsatisfactory. It is reported in Ref. 1 that DLi =3.6×10−10 (cm2 /s) at 300 K.
Since DLi changes drastically between x=0 and 0.2, weneed to try to conﬁrm such large changes.
The activation energy Ea was estimated from the relation Ea =kB T ln(ν) to be 53.0 meV for x=0.8. Theremay be a peak in Ea between x=0.6 and 1 (not shown).
Reference
1) J. Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 054111(2012).

Toyota Central Research and Development Labs., Inc.
Institute for Molecular Science
Tokyo Institute of Technology
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center- 225 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of RF cavity for MuSEUM experiment in a zeromagnetic field
K. S. Tanaka∗1,∗2 on behalf of J-PARC MuSEUM Collaboration∆ex
Mu = 4.463302765(53) GHz (12 ppb) .

(1)

The total precision was limited by the statistical uncertainty. We will achieve a precision more than 10 times
better than that of the latest experiment by using thehigh intensity muon beam provided at J-PARC/MLF.
We plan to measure muonium HFS in a zero magnetic
ﬁeld at D Line3) and in a high magnetic ﬁeld at H Line.
The measurement procedure of the experiment is asfollows:

In this paper, the development of the RF cavity forthe zero ﬁeld experiment is described.
Figure 1 shows the cavity for zero ﬁeld experiment.
The inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity for thezero ﬁeld experiment is tuned so that the resonancefrequency of the TM110 mode matches the transition
frequency of muonium HFS of 4.463 GHz. Frequency
sweep is enabled in the range of 20 MHz by the insertion system of a tuning bar made of conductive material.
A microwave is delivered by a coaxial cable and coupled into the cavity by the input loop. The microwave
power in the cavity is picked up by a loop coil and measured by the thermal power sensor (R&S NRP-Z51).
The measured power is feedback to the signal genera∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo- 226 -

Fig. 1. Photo of the cavity for zero field experiment. The
inner radius is 41 mm and the axial length is 230 mm.
muon
displacement (mm)-20
0 20
tuning bar

RF antenna

82 mm

230 mm• Muons with their spins polarized to the upstream
direction are provided from J-PARC/MLF muon
beam line.
• RF cavity located in the center of the magnet containing pure Krypton gas. Muons stop by collisions in the gas and polarized muonium are formedby electron capture process with Krypton.
• High momentum decay positrons are emitted preferentially in the direction of the muon spin. By
driving the transitions with an applied microwave
magnetic ﬁeld, the muon spin can be ﬂipped
and the angular distribution of high momentum positrons is changed from predominantly upstream to downstream with respect to the beam
direction.

tor to stabilize the input microwave power at a level of0.02 % which brings no systematic uncertainty.
Figure 2 shows the dependence of resonance frequency on the displacement of the tuning bar. The
red line shows the transition frequency of the hyperﬁne splitting and the red band shows the sweep rangeof the measurement. As shown in this ﬁgure, tunabilityof the cavity is enough for the measurement.
Thus, the RF system for the zero ﬁeld experiment isready. We will start the ﬁrst measurement of muonium
HFS in a zero ﬁeld in 2016.

frequency (GHz)The MuSEUM (Muonium Spectroscopy Experiment
Using Microwave) group is planning to measure theenergy of the ground state hyperﬁne structure (HFS) of
muonium at J-PARC/MLF1) . Muonium is a hydrogenlike bound state that consists only of leptons, and its
HFS is a good probe for testing the QED theory. The
latest experiment at LAMPF obtained the following
value:2)

4.485
4.48
4.475
4.47
4.465

sweep range
HFS value

4.46
4.455
- 30

-25

- 20

- 15

- 10

-5

0
5
10 15
displacement (mm)Fig. 2. The left figure shows the cross-sectional view of
the cavity. The tuning bar is inserted from the sidesurface to tune the resonance frequency of the cavity.
Right figure shows the relation between the resonancefrequency and the displacement of the tuning bar. The
red line shows a transition frequency of HFS and the
red band is a sweep range to observe the resonance line
shape.

References
1) K. S. Tanaka on behalf of MuSEUM Collaboration.:
RIKEN Accel. Proog. Rep. 47, 277 (2014).
2) W. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 711 (1999).
3) S. Kanda on behalf of MuSEUM Collaboration.: in thisreport.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of magnetic shield for the MuSEUM experiment
S. Kanda∗1,∗2 for the MuSEUM Collaboration
Muonium is a hydrogen-like atom consisting of apositive muon and an electron. Precision spectroscopyof its ground state hyperfine splitting (HFS) is themost stringent test of bound-state QED theory andthe most precise determination of the muon mass. At
J-PARC, the MuSEUM (Muonium Spectroscopy Experiment Using Microwave) collaboration is planninga new measurement of muonium HFS proceed in twostages; indirect measurement under a 1.7 T high magnetic field and direct measurement under a precise controlled zero magnetic field. The zero-field experimentis a preliminary measurement with existing facility toward the definitive high-field experiment, which requires a new muon beam line under construction. Our
goal is to improve the precision of muonium HFS by
about one order of magnitude in both experiments.
Spectroscopy of muonium HFS is performed by
the measurement of positron angular asymmetry frommuonium decay, which depends on the muonium energy state. The hyperfine transition is induced by microwave and muon spin flips when the transition occurs. Result of the most recent zero-field experiment1)
is 4.463022 (1.4) GHz (300 ppb) where the error is thestatistical uncertainty. In the zero-field measurementof muonium HFS, one of the major sources of systematic uncertainty is the non-uniformity of a magnetic
field in the muonium formation volume. According
to the numerical simulation, requirement for the field
non-uniformity is less than 100 nT peak-to-peak.
To perform the zero-field experiment, we developed muon and positron detectors2) , three-dimensionalmuon stopping distribution imager3) , RF cavity4) ,magnetic field monitor, and magnetic shield of permalloy (high-permeable alloy of nickel and iron). Figure
1 shows the developed magnetic shield and field probewith a moving system. The shield was designed basedon the results of a stray field analysis by the finiteelement method. It consists of a three-layered box
made of permalloy where the layer thickness is 1.5 mm
and interlayer distance is 50 mm. The magnetic fieldstrength is measured by a high-precision fluxgate probe(MTI FM3500) with a resolution of 0.5 nT. Without
shielding, the typical magnetic field strength in the target volume was 100 µT and field non-uniformity was
about 20 µT peak-to-peak.
Figure 2 shows the measurement result of the strayfield inside the magnetic shield. The magnetic probe
was moved on the beam-axis. The target volume corresponds to the probe position ranging from -150 mm
to 80 mm. Typical field strength was suppressed to∗1∗2

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 227 -

Fig. 1. Magnetic shield and fluxgate probe

about 150 nT. A shielding factor, i.e., the ratio of the
field strength with magnetic shield Bw and without
shield Bwo was estimated at Bwo /Bw = 700. The field
non-uniformity was about 30 nT peak-to-peak and theperformance specification of the magnetic shield satisfied the requirement.

Fig. 2. Magnetic field distribution

The measured field non-uniformity was acceptable
for the experiment. However, a factor of two higher
shielding factor is expected from the simulation andlaboratory measurement results. The field investigation implied that the shield is magnetized by the environmental magnetic field during assembly. Magnetization of inner layers of the shield should be suppressedby the attenuation current supplied by the degaussing
coils. The degaussing device and method are understudy. The development of every other experimental
component has been completed and the first trial ofzero-field measurement is scheduled in Feb. 2016 at
J-PARC MLF MUSE.
References
1) D.E. Casperson et al., Phys. Lett. B, 59, 397 (1975).
2) S. Kanda et al., JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 025006 (2015).
3) S. Kanda et al., KEK-MSL Prog. Rep. 2014, 46 (2015).
4) K.S. Tanaka., In this report.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Ultra-slow muon production at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility
based on muonium emission from silica aerogel
S. Okada,∗1 S. Aikawa,∗1 G. Beer,∗2 J. Brewer,∗3 K. Ishida,∗1 M. Iwasaki,∗1 S. Kanda,∗4 H. Kawai,∗5
R. Kitamura,∗4 Y. Ma,∗1 G. Marshall,∗3 T. Mibe,∗6 Y. Oishi,∗1 A. Olin,∗3 M. Otani,∗6 N. Saito,∗6 M. Sato,∗1
M. Tabata,∗5 and T. Tsukihana∗7

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UVic
Science Division, TRIUMF
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Chiba University
IPNS, KEK
RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics- 228 -

duce the ﬁrst ultra-slow muon beam with an aerogeltarget. Then, we hope to start optimization towards
a higher yield with the shape of the structured aerogel target and by eﬃciently increasing the Lyman-αirradiation using reﬂection mirrors installed near thetarget.

surfacemuonlead wall

ul
tr
m a-s
uo lo
n w

counters
for μSR

r )
se -α
La an
ym
(L

Positive muons having an energy of a few eV, theso-called ultra-slow muons, are generated by laser ionization of thermal muonium atoms (Mu) in vacuum.
By accelerating them through an electrostatic ﬁeld,
a variable-energy muon beam with an extraordinarily small energy spread can be realized1,2) . This technique has therefore attracted attention for advancedµSR studies and for measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, g-2, and electric dipole moment at J-PARC3) .
One of the key issues with ultra-slow muon production is how to generate more Mu in vacuum. Recently, we successfully observed Mu emission into vacuum from a silica aerogel with a uniform surface4) ,and subsequently realized that a silica aerogel having
a non-uniform structure with hole-like regions createdby laser ablation leads to an emission that is higher
than that for uniform one by one order of magnitude5) .
Compared to the conventional tungsten heated to 2300
K1,2) , this room-temperature silica-aerogel has significant advantages: it is easy to handle because of no
signiﬁcant heat radiation; its lower Mu energy distribution leads to a smaller emittance of the ionized source;
its smaller spatial spread and smaller Doppler broadening results in more eﬃcient use of the available laser
power.
As the next step, we will perform a demonstration
and R&D study of the actual ultra-slow muon production using a silica-aerogel target at the RIKEN-RAL
muon facility (Port 3). The new experimental setup
is shown in Fig. 1. Ultra-slow muons will be extracted at an angle of 45-degrees to avoid a straightbeam background with a rotationally-symmetric electrostatic ﬁeld (SOA lens); these muons will be detectedby a Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) detector with a slit
system to evaluate the beam characteristics. The Mu
spin is controlled using three-axis Helmholtz coils. AµSR counter set is used for measurement of the Mu
production rate, control of Mu spin and optimizationof stopping.
Commissioning runs without the laser system were
peformed in September and December 2015. After installing the laser system in early 2016, we plan to pro-

MCP

Aerogeltarget

SOA lens

3-axis Helmholtz coils

Fig. 1. New experimental setup at the Port 3 beam lineof the RIKEN-RAL muon facility for ultra-slow muonstudy based on muonium emission from a silica aerogeltarget.

References
1) K. Nagamine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4811 (1995).
2) P. Bakule et al., NIM B 266, 355 (2008).
3) M. Aoki et al., Conceptual Design Report for The Measurement of the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Momentg−2 and Electric Dipole Moment at J-PARC, (2011).
4) P. Bakule et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 103C01 (2013).
5) G. A. Beer et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 091C01(2014).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of a slow muon detection system
for a muon acceleration
R. Kitamura∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM Collaboration
The measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) diﬀers from the theoretical value by
about three standard deviations1) . Given that muon
anomalous magnetic moment may provide important
evidence for the physics beyond the Standard Model,
more precise measurements are awaited. A new experiment for the precise measurement of the g-2 and thesearch for the muon EDM using novel techniques has
been planned at J-PARC. One of the most important
techniques is the world’s ﬁrst muon RF acceleration to212 MeV.
For eﬃcient beam capture in the RF accelerator,
the input muon beam should have low emittance andlow energy (5.6 keV in our case). The conventionalsurface muon beam typically has 4 MeV energy andlarge emittance; therefore we plan to develop the lowemittance input beam by using the following method.
The muon beam is irradiated onto a thin metal foil.
Some of the muons are decelerated to the sub-keV2)
band after passing the foil. Subsequent acceleration to
5.6 keV by an electro-static SOA lens” will give us alow-emittance beam.
An experiment to establish the muon decelerationand electro-static acceleration was planned in Feb.
2016. Figure 1 shows the experimental setup. After deceleration and acceleration, the muons are transported
to the detection system by a series of electro-static
quadrupoles and an electro-static bending. The detection system consists of a microchannel plate (MCP)
surrounded by scintillation counters with MPPCs. In
this paper, we report on the development of the slow
muon detection system.
The MCP counts the number of muons with energy
in the order of a few keV. The gains of MCP for several kinds of particles including low-energy electrons
were measured in order to conﬁrm the muon detection capability3) . The measured gain for the electronwith 500 eV was 2.1 × 107 and is suﬃciently large forthe detection. The gain depends on the number of
secondary electrons generated by the bombardment of
the incident particle on the surface of the MCP. The
estimated number of secondary electrons for the lowenergy muon is expected to be more than that for theelectron based on our measurements and the calculation of the energy deposit. We conclude that the expected gain for the muon is suﬃciently high to countthe low-energy muons.
The scintillation counters are utilized for muon identiﬁcation by detecting the decay positron from the∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo- 229 -

Fig. 1. Detection system for the slow muons comprising detectors (MCP and decay positron counters), the electrostatic lens, and the electro-static bending.

muon stopped in the MCP. A large acceptance anda large light yield are required to detect as many decay positrons as possible with high eﬃciencies. The
positron counters consist of plastic scintillators, wavelength shifting ﬁbers, and MPPCs to satisfy those requirements. In the cosmic-ray test, we observed themean light yields of more than 120 photo emissions
and obtained counting eﬃciencies of more than 99.8 %with 90 % conﬁdence level4) .
Finally, the expected signal and background rates
were evaluated using the GEANT4 simulation. The
simulation showed that the dominant backgrounds at
the MCP were decay positrons from incident beammuons; many muons were stopped at the thin metal
foil used for the deceleration or the electro-static bending, and subsequently the decay positrons directly impacted the MCP. A lead shield conﬁguration was optimized with the simulation in order to reject these
positron backgrounds. The noise to signal ratio after
the optimization was evaluated to be 4.9 × 10−3 . We
concluded that it is suﬃciently low for the experiment.
In summary, we developed two kinds of detectors,
MCP and positron counters, to measure the intensityof the slow muons. We conﬁrmed their good performances and we are ready for demonstration with themuon beam.
References
1) G.W.Bennett et al ., Phys. Rev. D 73, 072003 (2006).
2) Y. Kuang et al ., Phys. Rev. A 35, 3172 (1987).
3) R. Kitamura et al .: The JPS 2015 Annual Meeting,2015, 21aDF8 (2015)4) R. Kitamura et al .: The JPS 2015 Autumn Meeting,2015, 25aSG7 (2015)

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

FAMUexperiment:
experiment: studies
studies onon thethe muon
muon transfer process
FAMU
processin
inaa
mixtureand higher
higherZZgas
gas
mixture ofof hydrogenhydrogen and
A. Vacchi,䠆1,䠆2 E. Mocchiutti,䠆1 D. Guffanti,䠆1, *3 on behalf of the FAMU collaboration
The final objective of the FAMU experiment is to measure
the proton Zemach radius by measuring the hyperfine
VSOLWWLQJRIWKHȝSJURXQGVWDWH1), 2). The experimental method
requires a detection system suited for time resolved X-ray
spectroscopy. The results of the first measurements
performed at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility are presented inthis paper.
The characteristic X-rays from muonic atoms formed indifferent targets have been detected using a HPGe detector
and five scintillating counters based on LaBr3(Ce) crystals,
whose output was UHFRUGHG IRU  ȝV XVLQJ D  0+]digitizer to measure both energy and time spectrum of thedetected events. With a detailed pulse analysis, considering
also the pile-up events, the expected characteristic X-rays
and lifetimes of various elements were measured.
The measurement of the Zemach radius of the proton Rp
was measured in ordinary hydrogen; therefore, a comparison
with the value extracted from muonic hydrogen may
reinforce or delimit the proton radius puzzle. In the proposedlaser spectroscopy experiment3), 4), muonic hydrogen atoms
are formed in a hydrogen gas target. In subsequent collisions
with H2 molecules, WKHȝSGH-excite to the WKHUPDOL]HGȝSLQ
the (1S) F =0 state. A laser tuned on the HFS resonanceinduces singlet-to-triplet transitions; therefore, the ȝSDWRPVin the (1S) F =1 state are de-excited back to the singlet state
and the transition energy is converted into additional kinetic
HQHUJ\ RI WKH ȝS V\VWHP 7KXV WKH ȝS DWRP JDLQV DERXW
two-thirds RIWKHK\SHUILQHWUDQVLWLRQHQHUJ\ §PH9 
The energy dependence of the muon transfer from muonichydrogen to another higher-Z gas is exploited to detect theoccurred transition LQ ȝS. Although in theory, themuon-transfer rate at low HQHUJLHV ȜS= LV energy
independent, this is not the case for few gases. Oxygen5), 6)
exhibitV D SHDN LQ WKH PXRQ WUDQVIHU UDWH ȜpZepith at theepithermal energy. Thus, by adding small quantities ofoxygen to hydrogen, one can observe the number of HPF
transitions, which take place from the muon-transfer events,
by measuring the time distribution of the characteristic
X-rays of the added gas.
In the first FAMU experimental test, four different targets
were exposed to the muon beam: a pure graphite block andthree gas mixtures (pure H2, H2+2%Ar, H2+4%CO2)
contained in an aluminum vessel. The aim was to study
detector response in the environment of the muon beam at
RIKEN-RAL through the measurement of the muon transfer
rate at room temperature.
The characteristic X-rays of muonic atoms were detectedusing scintillating counters based on LaBr3(Ce) crystals
HQHUJ\UHVROXWLRQDWNH9DQGGHFD\WLPHĲ ns) readout by Hamamatsu R11265-200 PMTs and two
HPGe detectors were used to obtain a benchmark spectrum.
Hence, the waveforms were processed off-line to reconstruct
the time and energy of each detected X-ray. By studying thedifferences between the time distribution (see Fig. 1) ofprompt events, represented by X-rays originating IURPȝ$O
atoms formed in the vessel and the delayed X-rays emitted
E\ ȝ2 $U , atoms it was possible to measure the muontransfer rate from hydrogen to oxygen (argon). The results
will be submitted for publication in an international journal.
At present, the collaboration is focussed on the measurementof the temperature dependence of the muon transfer rate by
the mean of the cryogenic
target in order todetermine the best high-Z
gas type, concentrationand temperature. The
experiment is on-goingat RIKEN RAL. Figure 2
shows the top view of theapparatus. Beam pipe ison the left and the target is Fig. 2. FAMU, 2016 layout.
surrounded by the hodoscope, 9 LaBr3(Ce), four HPGe, andthree lutetium aluminate detectors. Measurement of the
Zemach radius with laser setup will be carried out in 2017.
References

Fig. 1. Time difference between prompt signal (Aluminium
X-rays) and delayed signal (Oxygen X-rays).
INFN Trieste and RIKEN Nishina Center
Department Math, Info, Physics, University of Udine
䠆3
INFN GSSI
䠆1
䠆21) D. Bakalov, C. Rizzo et al., Phys. Lett. A172 (1993).
2) D. Bakalov, A. Adamczak et al., NIM B281 (2012).
3) D. Bakalov, A. Adamczak et al., Hyperfine Interact. 136-137(2001).
4) D. Bakalov, A. Adamczak et al., Phys. Lett. A379 (2105).
5) F. Mulhauser, H. Schneuwly, Hyperfine Interact. 82 (1993).
6) $:HUWKPXࡇOOHU, A. Adamczak et al., Hyperfine Interact. 116(1998).

- 230 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development
for thethemeasurement
measurementofof
Developmentofofmid-infrared
mid-infrared laser formuonichydrogenhydrogenatom
atom hyperfine
hyperfine splitting
splittingenergy
energymuonicS. Aikawa,*1,*2 K. Ishida,*2 M. Iwasaki,*1,*2 S. Kanda,*4 Y. Ma,*2 Y. Matsuda,*5 T. Matsuzaki,*2 K. Midorikawa,*3 Y. Oishi,*2,*6
S. Okada,*2 M. Sato,*2 N. Saito,*3 A. Takamine,*2 K. Tanaka,*2,*5 H. Ueno,*2 S. Wada,*3 and M. Yumoto*3
Recently, the proton charge radius was measured using la- MHz, we will introduce a single mode laser diode (LD) of
ser spectroscopy of the 2s-2p Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen 100 kHz as a seed laser. In this paper, we report the output(μp). Laser spectroscopy of μp resulted in 10 times higher characteristics of a Cr:ZnSe master oscillator (laser) and a
precision of the proton charge radius determination than that single pass Cr:ZnSe power amplifier.
Figure 2 shows the outof the ordinary measurements such as e-p scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy.1) As verification of the charge radius put energy of the Cr:ZnSe
measurement, e-p scattering experiments were conducted at laser. A maximum pulse
Mainz2) and the Jefferson Lab3), but the discrepancy in the energy of 5.8 mJ was obtresults was not resolved. This raised a question as to whether ained at 2.4 μm with athe magnetic radius of the proton measured with muons will pump energy of 18 mJ.
be consistent with that measured by electrons. Thus, we plan The conversion efficiency
an independent measurement of the proton structure, i.e., the reached 32% at maximum.
Zemach radius, to answer this question by using the hyper- This value is excellent
Fig. 2. Output energy of the forfine transition from singlet to triplet in the 1s state of muonic compared with those ofother lasers for example,
Cr:ZnSe laserhydrogen atoms using the laser-spin-pumping method. 4)
Two important requirements of the laser in this experime- the Ti:Al2O3 laser and Nd:YAG laser.
nt are a high energy and narrow spectrum width. We need to
The output enegy extracted from the Cr:ZnSe power amplgenerate pulse energy exceeding 40 mJ at 6.7 μm. In addition, ifier is shown in Fig. 3. The incident energy from the Cr:Zn
Cr:ZnSe master oscillator
a narrow spectrum width Se laser was 5.5 mJ at
of 50 MHz is required. A 2.4 μm, and it was amplmid-infrared laser system ified to 26.3 mJ with incthat produces pulse ener- reasing pump energy. A
Cr:ZnSe amplifier
gy of 10 mJ at 6.1 μm has maximum conversion efalready been developed at ficiency of 41.5 % was
RIKEN.5)
obtained with a pump eBased on this, we plan to nergy of 50.2 mJ. This is,
Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiersO
Fig. 3. Output energy extracted
construct a new laser syste- to the best of our knowlefrom the Cr:ZnSe powerm. The schematic of the la- dge, the highest conversiser is shown in Fig. 1. The on efficiency ever attained
amplifier.
laser system consists of a for a single-pass Cr:ZnSe
Cr:ZnSe master oscillator, power amplifier.
Cr:ZnSe power amplifiers,
Based on the above results, to obtain an energy of 100 mJ
and optical parameteric os- at 2.4 μm, we need a pump energy of 240 mJ. However, if
cillators (OPOs) / amplifie- we introduce such an energy to the Cr:ZnSe, it will be damaFig. 1. Schematic of the laser ||ers (OPAs). The Cr:ZnSe
ged because the damage threshold on the surface of Cr:ZnSe
master oscillator and the p- is about 90 mJ. Therefore, we will construct three-stage
ower amplifier generate 100 mJ pulse energy per line at 2.4 Cr:ZnSe power amplifiers to solve this problem.
In the next stage, we will optimize the conversion efficienμm. The pulse is introduced to the ZnGeP2 nonlinear crystal(ZGP) OPO to achieve radiation at 6.7 μm. Two independent cy of the Cr:ZnSe laser and the power amplifiers by controlloptical parametric oscillators and amplifiers will be prepared ing the crystal length and Cr2+ concentration. In addition, weto achieve 40 mJ laser power in total and avoid damages to will construct a three-stage Cr:ZnSe power amplifier and an
the ZGP crystal, which is difficult to synthesize with a large OPO to generate radiation at 6.7 μm.
diameter. To realize a narrow band spectrum width of 50          References
AOTF Cr:ZnSe

10 mJ@ 2.4 μm

Multi-stage Cr:ZnSe amplifier

ZnGeP2

ZnGeP2

Department of Physics, TokyoTech
RIKEN Nishina Center
3
RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics
4
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
5
Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo
6_IMSS, KEK
121) R. Pohl et al., Nature 466, 213 (2010).
2) J. C. Bernauer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.105 242001 (2010).
3) X. Zhan et al., Phys. Lett. B705 59 (2011).
4) M. Sato et al., JPS Conf. Proc., 025005 (2015)5) M. Yumoto et al., OSA/Nonlinear optics, NW4A.19 (2013)- 231 -

3. Radiochemistry and Nuclear ChemistryⅢ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production of neutron deficient Rf isotopes in 208 Pb + 48,50 Ti
reactions
S. Goto,∗1 R. Aono,∗2,∗1 D. Kaji,∗2 K. Morimoto,∗2 H. Haba,∗2 K. Ooe,∗1 and H. Kudo∗3

∗1
∗2
∗3

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata Univ.
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science, Niigata Univ.

with long decay time in region (c) and (d) may be
253
Rf and 255 Rf, respectively. Thirteen events withshort decay time were identiﬁed as 254 Rf. The excitation function constructed from observed events in Fig.
1 is shown in Fig. 2. This is in good agreement with
reported excitation function of 208 Pb(48 Ti, 2n)254 Rf.3)
Furthermore, the obtained half life was 20.9+8.0−4.5 µs,+0.7which was consistent with 29.6−0.6 µs of reference
value.3) Now, detailed analysis of TKE distribution of254
Rf is carried out.
2
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

0
log (dt / s)

2
4
6

*
0

90
180
270
Rotation angle of target wheel / deg

360

Fig. 1. Decay time of SF events in 208 Pb + 48 Ti reaction at
Elab = 242 MeV. The abscissa shows a rotation angle
from a specific position. Regions of (a) to (d) correspond to the excitation energies, (a) E ∗ = 22.2 MeV,(b) 26.3 MeV, (c) 29.5 MeV, and (d) 17.8 MeV. *Twosymbols almost overlapped.

0.8

0.6
Cross section / nb

Asymmetric nuclear ﬁssion in which mass of ﬁssioning nucleus splits asymmetrically is obtained in lowenergy induced ﬁssion and spontaneous ﬁssion (SF)of actinides. This type of ﬁssion is considered to bestrongly inﬂuenced by shell eﬀect of ﬁssion fragments,
but it has not been explained quantitatively. Rutherfordium has many isotopes decaying by SF. Systematic
research of ﬁssion properties, i.e., mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions of ﬁssion fragments,
can provide various information to clarify the asymmetric ﬁssion mechanism. In this work, as a preparatory experiment to measure ﬁssion properties of neutron deﬁcient Rf isotopes (especially 253,254 Rf) conditions of production of these nuclides were optimized.
Experiments were performed at RIKEN Linear Accelerator facility (RILAC) using the gas-ﬁlled recoil ion
separator (GARIS). Beam energies of 50 Ti in laboratory system were 242 and 249 MeV as acceleration energy, and that of 48 Ti was 242 MeV. Typical beam intensity of 50 Ti was about 140 pnA, and 48 Ti was about
190 pnA. Sixteen targets were prepared with vacuum
evaporation of 98.4 %-enriched 208 Pb onto 60 µg cm−2
C-backing. Target thicknesses were 170–370 µg cm−2 .
The targets were mounted on a rotating wheel with 30
cm in diameter. For cooling the targets, the wheel was
rotated at 2000 rpm. Alminum degraders of 0, 0.8, 2.0,
and 3.0 µm thicknesses were placed for every four targets. In order to measure an excitation function without changing accelaration energy, a target ID system
was used.2) This system allows to associate an event
detected at a focal plane with a target where a reaction
occured. Evaporation residues (ERs) recoilling out thetarget were separated from the beam and by-products
using GARIS. Optimum mangetic regirity of GARIS
was 2.048 T m. ERs passed through time-of-ﬂight detectors, and were implanted into a position sensitive
detector (PSD) at the focal plane of GARIS.
At ﬁrst, 208 Pb was bomberded with 50 Ti to produce
256
Rf mainly. The number of SF events of 256 Rf were132. By normalizing the obtained production cross section with the previous value,3) transmission eﬃciencyof GARIS was about 50 %. Since TKE distribution of256
Rf was reported,1) these data can be used to calibrate energies of ﬁssion fragments.
Next, 253,254 Rf were produced through 208 Pb + 48 Ti
reaction. Figure 1 shows the decay time of SF events
tagged by diﬀerent thick targets, which are labeled by
the occupied angle in the target wheel. The events

0.4

0.2

0
10

20
30
Excitation energy / MeV

40

Fig. 2. Excitation functions of 254 Rf production in
208
Pb + 48 Ti reaction. Circles and triangles show results of this work and reference,3) respectively.

References
1) J. F. Wild et al., J. Alloys and Comp. 213/214, 86(1994).
2) D. Kaji et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A792, 11 (2015).
3) I. Dragojević et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, 024605 (2008).

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Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Off-lineexperimentsof
ofisothermal
isothermal gas
Off-lineexperiments
gaschromatography
chromatography
for
Zrand
and HfHf tetrachlorides
tetrachlorides
forZr
K. Shirai, 㸨1 Y. Oshimi, 㸨1 S. Goto, 㸨1 K. Ooe, 㸨1 H. Haba, 㸨2 and H. Kudo㸨3
The periodic table today contains 118 elements, andelements with Z ≥104 are called superheavy elements.
Gas-phase chemical separation is one of the most utilized
techniques to study chemical properties of the superheavy
elements. Gas-phase chromatography is a method for
determining the adsorption enthalpy (ΔHads) of an elementof interest in a volatile compound based on its
adsorption-desorption processes on a column surface. To
clarify chemical properties of element 104, Rf, gas
chromatographic behaviors of chlorides of Rf and its
homologs, Zr and Hf, have been studied. The reported
sequence of volatility was Zr ‫ ذ‬Rf > Hf,1,2) but the relation
between Zr and Hf chlorides differs from the sequence of
sublimation expected from their vapor pressure curves inmacro-scale.3) In this study, we investigated gas
chromatographic behaviors of Zr and Hf chlorides at
off-line to clarify this contradiction.
Radiotracers of 88Zr (T1/2=83.4 d) and 175Hf (T1/2=70 d)
were produced via 89Y(d, 3n) and 175Lu(d, X) reactions,
respectively, using a 24-MeV deuteron beam supplied by
the RIKEN K70 AVF cyclotron. These tracers werechemically separated from the target materials by means ofanion exchange chromatography and stored in 1 M HCl
solution. The solution of radiotracers of 88Zr and 175Hf intracer-scale, or MOCl2࣭8H2O (M=Zr, Hf) water solution
mixed the tracer solution in the macro-scale, was infiltrated
into a carbon filter plugged into the chlorination part (seeFig. 1). Oxychlorides of Zr and Hf were converted tooxide
flushing air at 650 ̊C, and then the oxides were converted totetrachlorides with carbon tetrachloride at 500㸫600 ̊C in
He gas. The formed tetrachlorides of Zr and Hf werecollected on a carbon filter at the MCl4 part. Then, ZrCl4and HfCl4 evaporated at 400 ̊C and passed through an
isothermal column (φ4.0 mm i.d. and 30 cm long) at various
temperatures (macro-scale: 80, 100, 125, and 140 ̊C,tracer-scale: 140, 150, 160, and 170 ̊C). Cumulative yieldsof the volatile species passing through the column andcollecting at the cooling part were obtained through γ-ray
measurement.
Figure 2 shows the dependence of the yields of Zr and Hf
on the temperature of the isothermal column for 4.5 min ofcollection time in the macro- and tracer-scale. In themacro-scale (ca.1018 molecules) the adsorption enthalpies of
ZrCl4 and HfCl4 were considerd to be –82.8 and –78.4 kJ
mol–1, respectively. The relationship between these
adsorption enthalpies is in agreement with the relationshipexpected from the vapor pressure curves.

On the other hand, the adsorption enthalpies of Zr and Hf
tracer-scale (ca.1010 molecules) were –93.0 and –93.1 kJ
mol-1, respectively, which differ from those at themacro-scale. In the macro-scale, ZrCl4 and HfCl4 cover thecolumn surface, and interact with the same chemical species.
In contrast, in the tracer-scale, the volatile compounds
adsorbed on the quartz surface, and the strengths ofinteraction were almost the same for Zr and Hf. Because theretention time of chlorides of Zr and Hf chloride in the
tracer-scale are smaller than those in the macro-scale,tetrachloride is subjected to strong interactions by the quartz
surface.

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆3
Faculty of Science, Niigata University

3) R. P. Tangri, D. K. Bose., Thermochimica Acta 244, 249 (1994).

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the experimental set-up for
off-line isothermal gas-chromatography of ZrCl4 and HfCl4.

Relative yield /%

100
80
60
40
20
0
60

80
100 120 140 160
Isothermal temperature/Υ

180

Fig. 2. Yields of Zr and Hf as a function of isothermal
temperature. Circles and triangles show Zr and Hf,
respectively. Close and open symbols show macro- andtracer-scale, respectively. Curves indicate results of Monte
Carlo simulation.4)

References

1) B. Kadkhodayan et al., Radiochim. Acta 72, 169 (1996).
2) A. Türler et al., J. Alloys Compd. 271, 287 (1998).

䠆1䠆24) I. Zvára., Radiochim. Acta 38, 95 (1985).

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Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Adsorption
behaviorof
of No
No withwith aaTTA
extractant
Adsorption
behavior
TTAchelatechelateextractant
solutions
from
fromHF/HNO
HF/HNO33 acidic
acidic solutions
Y. Fukuda,䠆1 H. Haba,䠆2 A. Toyoshima,䠆3 H. Kikunaga,䠆4 Y. Komori,䠆2 S. Yano,䠆2 K. Hayashi,䠆1 S. Ooe,䠆5
and A. Yokoyama䠆2,䠆5
In a study on the fluoride complexation of a super-heavy
element, rutherfordium (Rf), we focus on the extraction
with an acidic chelate extractant, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone(TTA), which is sensitive to the valence of the metal
complex. Recently, we developed a reversed-phase
chromatography technique with TTA and performed Rf
experiments with this technique in various HF/0.01 M
HNO3 concentrations.1)
The isotope 261Rf used in the experiments decays into its
daughter 257No. The D-particle energies of 257No (ED = 8.22,
8.32 MeV) are close to that of 261Rf (ED = 8.28 MeV).
Therefore, these energies are difficult to distinguish fromeach other. In the Rf experiments, two types of 257No
D-events are expected to be observed. One is from 257No
produced from the D-decay of 261Rf after its chemical
separation. It reflects the chemical behavior of Rf. The
other is of 257No deposited during the collection of 261Rf,
which reflects the chemical behavior of No. In order tocorrect the contribution of 257No, we observe the adsorption
behavior of No in the same systems of the Rf experiments.
Similar to the Rf experiments, the isotope 255No (T1/2 =3.10 min) was produced in the 248Cm(12C, 5n) reaction withan 84 MeV 12C beam at the RIKEN K70 AVF cyclotron.
The reaction products were rapidly transported with a
KCl/He gas-jet system to a chemistry laboratory and were
deposited on the collection site of the on-line AutomatedRapid Chemistry Apparatus (ARCA) for 180 s. After
deposition, the products were dissolved in 85 PL of various
HF/0.01 M HNO3 solutions and fed into a 1.6 mm i.d. u 7.0
mm TTA resin column at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min. The
effluent from the column was collected on a Ta disk as
fraction 1. The remaining products in the column were thenstripped with 250 PL of 0.1 M HF/0.1 M HNO3 solution at
a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and then collected on another Ta
disk as fraction 2. Both samples were evaporated to dryness
using hot He gas and a halogen heating lamp. The samples
were assayed with a rapid D/SF detection system for theaqueous chemistry of super-heavy elements at RIKEN. In
order to determine the chemical yield, 162Yb wassimultaneously produced from the Gd content in the Cmtarget and was measured by a Ge detector after themeasurement of 255No. The average chemical yield of 162Yb
䠆1

䠆2
䠆3
䠆4
䠆5

in all the experiments was approximately 17%.
From 195 cycles of the No experiments, a total of 1042
D-events indicating the production of 255No were registeredin the energy range of 7.608.20 MeV. The adsorption
probability, %ads, of No with a fixed volume of the effluent
was evaluated using the following equation:%ads = Fr2 / (Fr1 + Fr2) u 100,

(1)where Fr1 and Fr2 are the radioactivities observed in
fraction 1 and 2, respectively. The decay of No was taken
into account in the correction for the %ads values. The
results for %ads of 255No as a function of [F]eq in the rangeof 1.93 u 105 to 1.66 u 103 M are shown in Fig. 1. In the
Rf experiments, 1) the %ads values of 261Rf were constant at
approximately 60% in the [F]eq range up to 5 u 104 M andthen steeply decreased at [F]eq = 9 u 104 M. On the other
hand, in the No experiments, it was found that the %ads
values of 255No were less than 10% in the entire range of[F]eq.
In order to evaluate the %ads values of 261Rf, we assumed
in the previous report1) that the adsorption of No was
negligible. Based on the present work, it was confirmed that
No was adsorbed to TTA to a small extent and the %ads
values of 261Rf can be determined with greater precision.

Fig. 1 Adsorption probability, %ads, of 255No plotted as afunction of [F]eq in TTA column chromatography.

Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa
University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University
Institute and College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa

Reference

1) Y. Kitayama, Y. Fukuda, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, H.
Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, M. H. Huang, T.
Taniguchi, S. Ueno, K. Hayashi, Y. Yatsu, I. Chiyonishio, K.
Murakami, A. Yokoyama: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 281(2015).

University- 235 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Extraction behavior
behavior of Mo and W fromfrom sulfuric
Extraction
sulfuric acidacid into
intoAliquat336
Aliquat336 as
as modelmodel
experiments(Sg)
experiments for seaborgium
seaborgium (Sg)A. Mitsukai,＊1,＊2 A. Toyoshima,＊2 Y. Kaneya,＊1,＊2 Y. Komori,＊3 H. Haba,＊3 M. Asai,＊2 K. Tsukada,＊2 T.K Sato,＊2
K. Ooe＊4 D. Sato, ＊4 M. Murakami, ＊4 and Y. Nagame＊1,＊2
In Fig. 1, the variation of the distribution ratios of Mo and
W are shown as a function of extraction time, which is thetime required to pass through the spiral PTFE tube. In theprevious batch-wise extraction experiments, the D values ofMo and W at the equilibrium are approximately 15 and 2.4)
It is found that, in the off-line experiment, the extraction of181
W reaches the equilibrium in less than 50 s because its Dvalue increases up to the equilibrated value of 2 within 50 s.
This equilibration time is much shorter than the time ofabout 120 s for W observed in our previous experiments.4)
This result indicates that the extraction kinetics of W wasenhanced with the FSE. However, in the on-line experiment,
the equilibration time of Mo of approximately 50 s wasmuch longer than that of less than 5 s, 4) and the extractionof W did not reach equilibrium within 50 s. This is probably
due to slow chemical reactions other than extraction in the
MDG and FSE. In future, the kinetics of these elements will
be improved by using heating or supersonic systems.
2

10

Org : 0.2 M Aliquat336-toluene
Aq : 6 M H SO
2

4

1

10

㻰

It is known that for inorganic metal complexes such as asulfato, the ionic radius of the metal center plays animportant role in its complex formation. Unlike its lighter
homologs, Mo and W the sulfato complex of seaborgium ishard to form, because the theoretically predicted ionicradius of Sg is larger than those of the homologs.
Experimental assessment of the sulfato complex formationof Sg, therefore, provides information on its ionic radius,
which would be influenced by strong relativistic effects.1) A
rapid solvent extraction apparatus is, however, required to
be developed to explore the complex formation of Sg
because the half-lives (T1/2) of the 265a,bSg isotopes are soshort (around 10 s) and their production cross sections in
the 248Cm(22Ne, 5n)265a,bSg reaction are extremely small.2) In
the present study, we examined the extraction behavior of
carrier-free 181W (T1/2 = 121.8 d) using a newly developed
Flow Solvent Extractor (FSE) to find suitable experimental
conditions for future Sg experiments. On-line experimentswith the short-lived 93mMo (T1/2 = 6.85 h) and 179W (T1/2 =37 min) nuclides were also carried out using the FSE
connected to a Membrane Degasser (MDG), which wasdeveloped for the dissolution of gas-jet transported
products.3)
At the RIKEN AVF cyclotron, 93mMo and 179W were
produced in the natNb(d, 2n)93mMo and natTa(d, xn)179W
reactions, respectively. The reaction products weretransported to the chemistry laboratory by a gas-jet method
and were dissolved with 6 M sulfuric acid using the MDG.
This aqueous solution was then immediately mixed with anorganic solvent of 0.2 M Aliquat336 dissolved in toluene
using a spiral PTFE tube with 1-mm inner diameter. The
mixture with a volume of 1.5 mL throughout the PTFE tube
was collected in a sample vial. After centrifuging, theaqueous and organic solutions were separately taken inmeasurement tubes for γ-ray spectrometry with a Ge
detector. The distribution ratio (D) is defined as the ratio ofratio activity per volume between each phase as D = (Aorg/ Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq), where Aorg and Aaq are radioactivities in
the organic and aqueous phases, respectively, and Vorg and
Vaq are the volume of the organic and aqueous phases,
respectively. Off-line experiments with the relatively
long-lived 181W produced in the natTa(d, n)181W reaction
were also carried out to compare with the on-line
experiments.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ibaraki University
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊4
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University＊1＊2- 236 -

0

10

181

-1

10

179

W
W

93m

Mo

-2

10

0

10

20

30

40

Extraction Time / s

50

Fig. 1. Dependence of the distribution ratio (D) of Mo and
W on extraction time in the spiral PTFE tube of the FSE
system.

References

1) V. Pershina: in The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. 2ndedition, edited by M. Schädel and D.Shaughnessy (SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 2014), p. 158
2) H. Haba et al., Phys. Rev. C 85, 024611 (2012).
3) Y. Komori et al.: in this report.
4) A. Toyoshima et al,; RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 283 (2014).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Solid-liquid
extractionof
of Nb
Nb andand Ta
336
resin
from
Solid-liquid
extraction
TawithwithAliquat
Aliquat
336
resin
from
HFHF
solutionsexperimentofof
element
105,
solutionsfor
forchemicalchemical experimentelement
105,
DbDb
D. Sato,*1,*2 M. Murakami,*1 K. Ooe,*1 R. Motoyama,*1 H. Haba,䠆2 Y. Komori,*2
A. Toyoshima,*3 A. Mitsukai,*3 H. Kikunaga,*4 S. Goto,*1 and H. Kudo*5
The elements with atomic number ≥ 104 are calledsuper-heavy elements. Aqueous chemistry experiments withthese elements have been performed often by a column
chromatographic method. In particular, an anion-exchange
experiment of element 105, Db was successfully performed
in 13.9 M hydrofluoric acid solution using AutomatedRapid Chemical Apparatus, ARCA.1) Chemical species of
Db in HF solution were, however, still not identified. We
have, therefore, studied liquid-liquid extraction behavior of
Nb and Ta, which are lighter homologues of Db, with
Aliquat 336 for investigating the charge of extracted
complexes of these elements from HF solution. From theseresults, it was found that, although the extraction behaviorof Nb was different from that of Ta, univalent anionic
fluoride complexes were extracted for both Nb and Ta by
Aliquat 336.2) Based on these results, it is expected that
information on the chemical species of Db in HF solution
would be obtained by applying this extraction system to thesolid-liquid extraction experiment with ARCA. The
solid-liquid extraction experiments of Nb and Ta with an
Aliquat 336 resin from HF solutions were conducted by abatch method for the column experiment with ARCA in thiswork.
Long-lived radiotracers, 95gNb (T1/2 = 34.97 d) and 179Ta(T1/2 = 665 d), were produced by deuteron irradiation on Zr
and Hf metallic foil targets with natural isotopic abundance,
respectively, using the RIKEN K70 AVF Cyclotron. Theseradiotracers in the targets were chemically isolated by anion-exchange. A 32 wt% Aliquat 336 resin was prepared bymixing MCI GEL CHP20/P30 with Aliquat 336 dissolved
in methanol for about 1 day, which was followed by drying
in an oven at 80 .3) The 95gNb and 179Ta tracers weredissolved in 400 μL of 1-27 M HF, and then mixed with
10-15 mg of the 32 wt% Aliquat 336 resin in a syringelessfilter tube. After shaking for 5 min, the solution was
separated from the resin by filtration, and 250 μL of thesolution in each sample was pipetted into another sample
tube. For measurement of initial radioactivity, Aini, in the
aqueous solutions, control experiments without the Aliquat
336 resin were also conducted. The radioactivities of thesesamples were measured with a Ge detector. The distribution
coefficients, Kd of 95gNb and 179Ta were obtained by thefollowing equation:(1)Here, As is the radioactivity of solution, mr is the weight of
the resin used and Vs is the volume of a liquid phase.
The dependences of Kd values of 95gNb and 179Ta on theinitial HF concentration, [HF]ini were investigated with the
32 wt% Aliquat 336 resin from 1-27 M HF solutions. The
obtained results were shown in Fig.1. It is revealed that theKd values of 179Ta are decreased with increasing [HF]ini,
while those of 95gNb show a minimum at 10 M HF. The
decreases of the Kd values of both the elements are due toan increase of HF2- ion.1) Comparing with our earlier resultson liquid-liquid extraction of these elements,2) thissolid-liquid extraction behavior of 179Ta is found to be very
similar to that in liquid-liquid extraction. Thus, the same
complex, TaF6- ion as that in liquid-liquid extraction isprobably extracted by the Aliquat 336 resin. However, thesolid-liquid extraction behavior of 95gNb was partly
different from that in Ref. [2]. While distribution ratios of95g
Nb in Ref. [2] decreased gradually with increasing [HF]ini,
a gradual increase of Kd values is observed above 10 M HF
in the present solid-liquid extraction. This suggests that theextracted complexes of 95gNb in solid-liquid extraction
might be different from those in liquid-liquid extraction.
Further investigation of the extracted species of 95gNb insolid-liquid extraction is needed for identification of the Nb
species.

Fig.1 The adsorption behavior 95gNb and 179Ta
on Aliquat 336 resin as a function of [HF]ini
References

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University*2
RIKEN Nishina Center*3
Japan Atomic Energy Agency*4
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University*5
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University*11) K. Tsukada et al.: Radiochim. Acta. 97, 83 (2009).
2) D. Sato et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 247 (2014).
3) H. Haba et al.: Radiochim. Acta. 95, 1 (2007).

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Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Extractionbehaviors
behaviorsof
ofchloride
chloride complexes
complexes ofExtractionof Nb
Nb andandTa
Tawithwithtriisooctyl
triisooctyl
amine
of dubnium
dubnium(Db)(Db)
for chemicalchemical experimentexperiment ofamineforR. Motoyama,䠆1,䠆2 K. Ooe,䠆1 M. Murakami,䠆1 H. Haba,䠆2 S. Goto,䠆1 and H. Kudo䠆3
It has been reported that the anion-exchange behavior of
the 105th element, Db, in HF/HNO3 solution is similar tothat of Nb rather than Ta.1) In our laboratory, the extraction
behaviors of fluoride complexes of Nb and Ta with tributyl
phosphate (TBP)2) and Aliquat 3363) have been investigated.
The extraction yield of Ta is greater than that of Nb in thesesystems. For the extraction of Db with TBP from 1.0 M HF,
the behavior of Db was significantly different from that ofTa.4) To clarify the similarity of the extraction behavior
between Db and Nb, systems where the extraction yield of
Nb is greater than that of Ta should be studied. We
investigated the extraction behaviors of Nb and Ta from
HCl with triisooctyl amine (TiOA) on a tracer scale. It has
been reported that the extraction yield of Nb is greater thanthat of Ta on a macro scale.5)
Radiotracers, 95gNb (T1/2 = 34.991 d) and 179Ta (T1/2 =1.82 y), were produced from natZr(d,xn) and natHf(d,xn)
reactions, respectively, using the RIKEN AVF cyclotron.
These radiotracers were chemically isolated from the target
materials through an anion-exchange method and preservedin 1 M HF. An appropriate amount of this solution was
evaporated to dryness and preserved in concentrated HCl(stock solution). An aliquot of the stock solution was
evaporated to dryness and dissolved in an appropriate
concentration of HCl. In a 1.5 mL polypropylene tube, 600
μL of 8–10 M HCl containing the tracers was mixed with anequal volume of 0.12 M TiOA in xylene, and the mixture
was shaken for a fixed time. After centrifugation, 420 μL
aliquots of each phase were separated into sample tubes.
The radioactivity of each phase was measured with a Ge
detector. We calculated the distribution ratios (D) of 95gNb
and 179Ta using the following equation:of 95gNb are approximately 102 times greater than those of179
Ta. The D values of 179Ta are greater than the values in
the literature, although those of 95gNb are in agreement withthose in the literature. In the course of the investigation, theD values of 179Ta decreased with time lapsed from the
preparation of the stock solution, while those of 95gNb
stayed constant (Fig. 2). The decreasing trend of the Dvalues of 179Ta may be caused by hydrolysis of the Ta
species or an effect of residual fluoride ions in the stock
solution. The preparation methods of the Ta tracer may beconsidered for the study of the extraction behavior of achloride complex of Ta. A detailed investigation isnecessary to solve the problem.
103

Distribution ratio

95g

102

179

Nb
Ta

101
100
10-1
10-2
7

8

9
10
[HCl]/M

11

12

Fig. 1. The distribution ratios of 95gNb and 179Ta extracted
into 0.12 M TiOA in xylene as a function of the HClconcentration. Dashed lines indicate the literature values of
Nb and Ta. 5)

Distribution ratio

103

D = (Aorg / Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq),
where Aorg and Aaq are the radioactivities in organic andaqueous phases, respectively, and Vorg and Vaq are thevolumes of the organic and aqueous phases, respectively.
The extraction kinetics from 10 M HCl into 0.12 M TiOA
in xylene were investigated by changing the shaking timefrom 1 min to 60 min. It was found that the D values of95g
Nb and 179Ta were almost constant in the examined rangeof shaking time. This result shows that the extraction
equilibrium is achieved quickly.
The dependence of the D values of 95gNb and 179Ta
extracted into 0.12 M TiOA in xylene is shown in Fig.1 as afunction of the HCl concentration (8–10 M). The D values

95g

102

179

Nb
Ta

101
100
10-1
10-2
10-3
0

50

100
150
200
Elapsed time/day

250

Fig. 2. Variation of the distribution ratios of 95gNb and 179Ta
from 10 M HCl extracted into 0.12 M TiOA in xylene as afunction of time lapsed from the preparation of the stock
solution.
References

1) Y. Kasamatsu et al., Chem. Lett. 38, 1084 (2009).
2) S. Tsuto et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog Rep. 47, 270 (2014).
3) D. Sato et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog Rep. 47, 271 (2014).
4) M. Murakami et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog Rep. 48, 279 (2015).
5) T. Ishimori et al., Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi 3, 698 (1961).

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆3
Faculty of Science, Niigata University
䠆1
䠆2- 238 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development
apparatus
Developmentof
ofan
anautomatedautomatedbatch-typebatch-typesolid-liquid
solid-liquidextraction
extraction
apparatusand extraction
extractionof
ofZr,
Zr,Hf,
Hf,andandTh
Thby
bytriisooctylamine
triisooctylaminefromHClsolutions
and
from
HCl
solutions
forfor††chemistryofofelement
element104,
104,RfRfchemistryY. Kasamatsu,＊1 A. Kino,＊1 T. Yokokita,＊1 K. Nakamura,＊1 Y. Komori,＊1,2 K. Toyomura,＊1 T. Yoshimura,＊3 H. Haba,＊2
J. Kanaya,＊2 M. Huang,＊2, Y. Kudou,＊2 N. Takahashi,＊1 and A. Shinohara＊1
Online rapid chemical experiments on a “one-atom-at-atime” basis using an accelerator are needed for thesuperheavy element chemistry. An apparatus for rapid andrepetitive chemistry in online use is essential. So far, thepioneering works opened up the chemistry of new elements
and revealed their properties as d-block metal elements inthe periodic table.1) On the other hand, equilibration of thechemical reactions has not been confirmed for the
short-lived superheavy elements, although this confirmation
is important to investigate the detailed chemical propertiesof these elements such as complex formation. Only in the
fluoride complexation studies, the equilibrated data wereobtained for the lighter homologues in online experiments.1)
The Kd values of Rf obtained in the ion-exchange
chromatography under such conditions were clearly
different from those of Zr and Hf. Investigation of thecomplex formation of Rf with other ligands is very
important for an understanding of its chemical properties.
However, it might be difficult to obtain well equilibrated
data or to observe the time dependence of the distribution
behaviors for superheavy elements.
In this work, we developed an automated batch-typesolid-liquid extraction apparatus to study time dependenceof extraction behavior, and performed the online extraction
experiments of Zr and Hf in TIOA/HCl system. By
comparing the results with those in “offline” extraction,
applicability of the apparatus for Rf was investigated.
In the offline experiment, the 18–57 wt% TIOA resin and
6.2–10.9 M HCl containing the 88Zr and 175Hf tracer
solution were mixed in a PP tube and the mixture wasshaken for 2–120 min at 25 ± 1 °C. Then, we measured thesample γ-ray spectroscopically using a Ge semiconductor
detector. In all solid-liquid extraction experiments, control
experiments without the resin were performed to determine
the radioactivity of the control solution. The R values were
determined from the following equation:(1)
R = Ar Vs / As wr = (Ac − As) Vs / As wr,
where Ar and As are the radioactivities on the resin and in
the solution, respectively, Vs is the volume (mL) of thesolution, and wr is the mass of the dry resin (g). Ac denotes
the radioactivity of the control solution. In this study, the Rvalue in equilibrium is described as the Kd value insolid-liquid extraction.

An AutoMated Batch-type solid-liquid Extraction
apparatus for Repetitive experiments of transactinides(AMBER) was developed. All the operations were
controlled by PC with fixed time intervals in online
extraction experiments.
In the online experiment, the 89g,mZr and 175Hf nuclides
were produced in the 89Y(p, n)89g,mZr and 175Lu(p, n)175Hf
reactions, respectively, using the K70 AVF cyclotron at
RIKEN. The product nuclides were transported by thegas-jet system to the chemistry laboratory and deposited ona collection site of AMBER for 60 s. Then, the deposited
sample was dissolved in 160–230 μL of 6–11 M HCl. The
solution passed through the valves, and then entered thechemical reaction container containing the 31 wt% TIOA
resin. After shaking the container with a vortex mixer for
10–120 s, only the liquid phase was pushed out of thecontainer by the compressed air at 0.5 MPa, and was
assayed by γ-ray spectroscopy. The residual Zr and Hf
species adsorbed on the resin were stripped by washing theresin three times with about 220 μL of a mixture solution of
5.1 M HNO3 and 0.01 M HF. We measured the first two
fractions of the stripping solution γ-ray spectroscopically. A
control extraction experiment without the resin was also
performed.
In the offline experiment, the chemical reactions of Zr
and Hf were found to be fast in the TIOA/HCl extraction
when the TIOA concentrations were above 30 wt%. Basedon these results, we determined the suitable experimental
conditions for online experiment. By using the developed
apparatus, we successfully performed an online solid-liquid
extraction experiment with the AVF cyclotron at RIKEN.
The R values of Zr and Hf obtained with shaking times of
10–120 s were approximately constant and the averagevalue at each HCl concentration was consistent with the Kdvalues obtained in the offline experiment in 7–11 M HCl.
This result suggests that the chemical reactions in thepresent extraction reach equilibrium within 10 s and the Kdvalues of Zr and Hf were obtained in the online experiment.
In the extraction using AMBER with shaking for 10 s, thesolution sample for measurement was prepared about 35 sfrom the start of the dissolution of the products transportedby the gas-jet system. The present extraction experiment
would be applicable to the 68-s 261Rf experiment.

†

Condensed from the article in Radiochim. Acta 103, 513 (2015).
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Radioisotope Research Center, Osaka University

Reference＊11) M. Schädel and D. Shaughnessy: The Chemistry of Superheavy
Elements, 2nd ed. (Springer, Heidelberg, 2014).

- 239 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Solventextraction
extraction ofof Zr
Zr andand Hf using
using the online flow-type
Solvent
flow-type extraction
extraction
apparatus
elements
superheavy elements
apparatus for superheavy
Y. Kasamatsu,䠆1 K. Nakamura,䠆1 T. Yokokita,䠆1 Y. Shigekawa,䠆1 Y. Yasuda,䠆1 N. Takahashi,䠆1 Y. Kuboki,䠆2 H. Haba,䠆2
M. Murakami,䠆2 Y. Komori,䠆2 T. Yoshimura,䠆3 and A. Shinohara䠆1
Thus far, ion-exchange and solid-liquid extraction
experiments have often been performed in solution
chemistry on superheavy elements.1) Solvent extraction
experiments were also conducted using rapid solvent
extraction apparatuses. However, sufficient distribution datafor discussion on complex formation were hardly obtainedin the extraction of short-lived superheavy elements
because it is difficult to achieve rapid equilibration andphase separation. Stable repetitive extractions and a-particle
detections are also difficult in online extraction experiments.
We developed an online flow-type solvent extraction
apparatus to accomplish rapid solvent extraction and phaseseparation with the short-lived 261Rf (68 s).2) In thisexperiment, by using the developed apparatus, we
performed the online solvent extraction of Zr and Hf(homologues of Rf) produced with the AVF cyclotron at
RIKEN to check the performance of the apparatus and to
search for suitable conditions of Rf experiments.
The developed extraction apparatus involves a reactor
tube (extraction unit, EU) filled with PTFE chips to mix
aqueous and organic solutions well (shortening of the
diffusion length between these solutions is expected). Rapid
phase separation between aqueous and organic solutions
was achieved with a flow-type phase separator (PS) using a
PTFE membrane filter. We found that separation with thepurity of each phase greater than 95% was accomplishedwith a 1-step separator. The entire setup of the online
extraction experiment at RIKEN is shown in Fig. 1. 89g,mZr
and 173Hf were produced in the natSr(D, xn) and natYb(D, xn)
reactions, respectively. The nuclear reaction products wererapidly transported to the dissolution apparatus in thechemistry room by the He/KCl gas-jet system. The solvent
extraction of Zr and Hf was performed in a 7.8, 9.2, and10.4 M HCl/0.01 M Aliquat 336 carbon tetrachloride
solution system. 30-cm EU was used and the flow rate was
500 ȝL/min for both phases. The length of EU required toreach equilibrium was tested beforehand through an offline
extraction experiment using the apparatus. The eluted
aqueous and organic solutions were separately collected and
VXEMHFWHGWRȖ-ray measurement, and the distribution ratios,
D (the ratio of metal concentration in organic solution tothat in aqueous solution), were determined.
The obtained D values are shown in Fig. 2. In this figure,the equilibrium D values obtained beforehand in the offline
batch extraction experiment are also shown for comparison.

The D values obtained in the present online experimentbasically match the tendency of the D values in equilibrium.
This result indicates that extraction equilibrium of thechemical reactions involved in the present solvent
extraction was achieved in the online experiment using theapparatus. At 9.2 M HCl, the D values of both Zr and Hf
were slightly lower than the equilibrium data. Repetitive
extraction was not performed in the present experiment.
Thus, these low D values might be due to uncertainty of thedata; if not, the length of the EU was insufficient (notequilibrated). We need to investigate the reproducibility ofthe data in the online experiment. The time taken toaccomplish one extraction procedure was approximately 1min, which is suitable for Rf experiments. In conclusion, wewere able to check the movement of the developed
apparatus and obtained the D values of Zr and Hf in an
online experiment.

Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
䠆2
RIKEN Nishina Center䠆3
Radioisotope Research Center, Osaka University

1) M. Schädel, D. Shaughnessy: The Chemistry of Superheavy
Elements, 2nd ed. (Springer, Heidelberg, 2014).
2) Y. Kudou et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 262 (2011).

䠆1- 240 -

Fig. 1. The entire setup of the online extraction experiment
at RIKEN

Fig. 2. The D values of Zr and Hf
References

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Solventextraction
extraction behavior
behavior of
Solventof Zr
Zr andand HfHf withwithdi(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric
chemistryof
ofRf
Rfacid for aqueousaqueous chemistrydi(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid
R. Yamada,䠆1 K. Ooe,䠆1 M. Murakami,䠆1 H. Haba,䠆2 Y. Komori,䠆2 S. Goto,䠆1 and H. Kudo䠆3

D = (Ao/Vo)/(Aa/Va),(1)

where A denotes the radioactivity of either 88Zr or 175Hf, V isthe volume of the aqueous or organic phase, and thesubscripts a and o refer to the aqueous and organic phases,
respectively.
The D values of 88Zr and 175Hf in 3 M HClO4 are shownin Fig. 1 as a function of the HDEHP concentration intoluene. In the previous TTA extraction experiment, 3) the Dvalues of Zr was 10 times that of Hf, while the order of the
D values was reversed in the extraction with HDEHP asshown in Fig. 1. The reason for this difference between TTA
and HDEHP extraction is a very interesting topic for thechemical studies of Rf as well as Zr and Hf chemistry.
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆3
Faculty of Science, Niigata University
䠆1
䠆2- 241 -

However, at present, we need further investigation for theinterpretation of this result. HDEHP is known to form adimer species,4) and the dimer of HDEHP coordinates tometal ions as chelating agent. Therefore, in the extraction oftetravalent metal ions (M4+) with HDEHP, the extraction
reaction would be described by the following equation:
M4+ + 4(HDEHP)2(o) ֖ M(HDEHPǱDEHP)4(o) + 4H+. (2)From eq. (2), the log D vs. log [(HDEHP)2] plot is expected
to show a linear relation with a slope of 4. This slope value
indicates the number of HDEHP dimer molecules involvedin the extraction reaction, and the extraction mechanism canbe deduced from a slope analysis of the plot. A least-squares
fit to the data in Fig. 1 showed a good linear relation with aslope of 3.9 ± 0.1 for both of 88Zr and 175Hf. Therefore, thisresult suggests that the main extracted species of Zr and Hf
would be Zr(HDEHP·DEHP)4 and Hf(HDEHP·DEHP)4,
respectively, in 3 M HClO4. In 1 M HClO4, the slope valueof the log D vs. log [(HDEHP)2] plot was 3.0 ± 0.1 for both
Zr and Hf. Because these two elements have a greattendency to hydrolyze, the formation of hydrolyzed species
such as ZrOH3+ and HfOH3+ might affect the extraction
process. This change of extraction mechanism with acidconcentration was also observed in the previous results withTTA.
For the Rf experiment, a rapid solvent extraction
experiment of Zr and Hf using the flow injection analysis(FIA) technique will be performed with the HDEHP and
TTA extraction system.

102

Distribution ratio

Studies on the complex formation of element 104,
rutherfordium (Rf), in aqueous solutions have been mainly
performed using inorganic ligands such as halide ions.1, 2)
Few experiments with organic ligands have been reported
and little is known about the complex formation between Rf
and organic ligands. In a previous study,3) we reported thesolvent extraction behavior of zirconium (Zr) and hafnium(Hf), which are lighter homologs of Rf, with a chelating
agent, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA), to find suitable
experimental conditions for complexation studies of Rf. As
another candidate for the chelate extraction of Rf,
di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) was used in thisstudy; HDEHP is widely used in analytical chemistry inaddition to TTA, and many experimental data with HDEHP
was reported in the analysis and discussion of our results.
Radiotracers of 88Zr (T1/2 = 83.4 d) and 175Hf (T1/2 = 70 d)
were produced in the 89Y(d, 3n) and natLu(d, xn) reactions,
respectively, using the RIKEN K70 AVF cyclotron. Metal
foils of Y and Lu (of 100 and 125 μm thickness,
respectively) were used as targets. The incident energy ofthe deuteron beam was 24 MeV. The produced radiotracers
were chemically separated from the target materials throughan anion exchange and a solvent extraction method. A
perchloric acid solution of 600 μL containing 88Zr and 175Hf
radiotracers was mixed with an equal volume of HDEHP intoluene in a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) sample tube. The
mixture was shaken for 2 hours at 25 ºC. Aftercentrifugation for 1 min, a 420 μL aliquot from each phase
was separately pipetted into a polypropylene tube. The
radioactivity of each phase was measured with a Ge
detector, and the distribution ratio (D) was evaluated using
the following equation:

101
100
10-1 -4
10:88
Zr:175 Hf
Slope = 3.9
Slope = 3.9

10-3[(HDEHP)2]org / M

Fig. 1. Dependences of the distribution ratios of 88Zr and175
Hf in 3 M HClO4 against the dimeric HDEHP
concentration in toluene.
References

1) H. Haba et al., J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 3, 143 (2002).
2) H. Haba et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 5219 (2004).
3) A. Tanaka et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 288 (2015).
4) N. Miralles et al., Anal. Sci. 8, 773 (1992).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

99
99 Ru
Ru
Mössbauerspectroscopy
spectroscopyofof Na-ion
Na-ion batteries
Mössbauer
batteriesofofNa
Na
2 RuO
3 (II)2RuO
3 (II)

K. Takahashi,1 Y. Kobayashi,1,2 H. Haba,2 and M. Okubo3

Sodium-ion batteries are candidates for next-generation
rechargeable batteries that use Na+ ions as charge
carriers. High-power and low-cost batteries incorporating
Na+ ions are strongly expected to be energy storage
devices, because sodium is much more abundant andeasier to isolate compared to lithium. There have been
many investigations targeting the development andproduction of novel Na+-containing electrodes as suitable
cathodes. It is particularly important to develop novel
cathode materials with high capacity as well as highoperating potential. Yamada et al. recently reported theelectrochemical properties of a new Na–Ru–O system,
incorporating Na[Na1/3Ru2/3]O2, as the cathode material.
Na2RuO3 has a layered structure in which the first layer
is composed of Na while the second layer contains Na
and Ru in the ratios 1:3 and 2:3, respectively, andprovides the redox reaction associated with Na+ ion
extraction and insertion, leading to the possibility of highenergy density of 140 mAh/g1).
The crystal structure of Na[Na1/3Ru2/3]O2 has two
possible phases, ordered and disordered, depending on
the synthetic conditions1,2). The two phases exhibit
significant differences in their electrochemical properties.
In this study, the ordered Na2RuO3 as the starting
composition and Na-deficient Na2–xRuO3 werecharacterized by means of XRD and 99Ru Mössbauer
spectroscopy in order to clarify the change of oxidation
state and coordination environment of the Ru atoms
caused by the deficiency of Na+ ions.
Na2–xRuO3 (x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) samples in the orderedphase were prepared by a solid-state reaction. A mixtureof RuO2 and NaHCO3 were pressed and sintered at
850ºC for 48 h in an Ar atmosphere. Powdered samples
were used for XRD and 99Ru Mössbauer spectroscopy.
The source nuclide, 99Rh (T1/2=15.0 d) of 99Ru
Mössbauer spectroscopy was produced by the99
Ru(p,n)99Rh reaction at the AVF Cyclotron(K70-MeV). For the (p,n) reactions, the p-beam wasused to bombard the 96 %-enriched 99Ru metallic
powder target. The energy and intensity of the p-beam
were 12 MeV and 10 µμA, respectively. Afterp-irradiation for about 24 h, the Mössbauer source wasestimated to have an activity of 500 MBq3). 99Ru
Mössbauer spectra were obtained using a Mössbauer
spectrometer (Wissel, MVT-1000) and a multichannel
analyzer (FAST, MCS3). Due to the relatively highenergy of the Mössbauer γ-ray (89.8 keV), both thesource and the absorbers were maintained at low
1
2
3

Dep. of Eng. Sci., University of Electro-Commun.
RIKEN Nishina Center
Dep. of Eng., University of Tokyo- 242 -

temperature in a liquid-helium cryostat during themeasurements. The Mössbauer γ-rays were detected by a
2-mm- thick NaI(T1) scintillator. Velocity was calibrated
by measuring the Mössbauer absorption lines of 57Fe in
an iron foil sample against a 57Co/Rh source.
The XRD pattern of ordered Na2RuO3 indicated that
this compound crystallized in a monoclinic unit cell witha = 0.541 nm, b = 0.937 nm, c = 1.085 nm, β = 99.64º 3).
The 99Ru Mössbauer spectrum of Na2RuO3 obtained isshown in Fig. 1(a). The spectrum shows a doublet withisomer shift (δ) of –0.30(5) mm/s, quadrupole splitting(ΔEQ) of 0.29(5) mm/s, and linewidth (Γ) of 0.33 mm/s.
The δ value is typical of RuIV. The linewidth observed inordered Na2RuO3 is much smaller than that of
Na[Na1/3Ru2/3]O24), due to the calcination temperatureand period for sample preparation. The Mössbauer
spectrum of Na-deficient Na0.5RuO3 (Fig. 1 (b)) shows adoublet with δ = −0.41(1) mm/s and ΔEQ = 0.46(1)mm/s, also indicating RuIV. It means that the Ru ions arelocated in an equivalent coordination environment,
despite the considerable sodium-ion deficiency. The
XRD pattern of Na0.5RuO3 indicated a modification of
the crystal structure from monoclinic in the starting
material to tetragonal in the product due to the reductionof Na between RuO6 layers. Detailed discussion about
the oxidation states and coordination environment of the
Ru atoms as a function of the deficiency of Na in
Na2–xRuO3 is under consideration.

(b)

(a)

Fig. 1. 99Ru Mössbauer spectra of (a) ordered Na2RuO3 and(b) Na-deficient Na0.5RuO3at 4.2 K.
References

1) M. Tamaru et al., Electrochem. Commun., 33, 23 (2013).
2) K. M. Mogare et al., Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 630, 547 (2004).
3) Y. Kobayashi et al., J. Phys., 217, 012023 (2010).
4) M. Okubo et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 48 (2015) .

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Quantitative study on metallofullerene separationby chemical reduction
K. Akiyama,∗1,∗2 K. Chiba,∗1 H. Haba,∗2 and S. Kubuki∗1
Endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) is expected tobe applied in electronics and medicine because of its
excellent donor-acceptor properties and unique structure. Among these useful applications, the applicationin nuclear medicine using radioactive metallofullerenes
is promising. However, the production yield of EMFs
is generally low: for example, the yield of EMFs inwhole fullerene species is less than 1% with the commonly employed arc discharge method. Therefore,
the separation and puriﬁcation of EMFs from a large
amount of empty fullerene species are needed. In general, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
is employed for the separation/puriﬁcation of EMFs
from empty fullerenes. Because this method is notalways eﬃcient from the viewpoint of cost and time
consumption, a more eﬃcient method is required to
be developed.
Recently, low-cost separation methods for EMFs
using the chemical redox reaction were reported.1,2)
Considering the separation of carrier-free radioactive
EMFs, separations through the reduction of EMFs using an electron donor are expected to be suitable because these methods do not include a process using alarge amount of carriers such as the formation of the
precipitate. However, these separation methods havesome problems because the separation eﬃciency is notvery high and the number of steps is large. Currently,
we are attempting to develop a separation methodwith higher eﬃciency and smaller number of steps thanthe other methods through the chemical reduction of
EMFs. In this study, we employed the radio-tracer
method to acquire quantitative data for the separation by chemical reduction for determining the best
separation condition.
To obtain the radio tracer of 139 Ce, a dried La2 O3pellet (600 mg/cm2 ) was irradiated with 3 µA of 24
MeV deuteron for 2 h at the RIKEN AVF cyclotron.
After the irradiation, 139 Ce and the target material
La were converted into their nitrate forms, dissolvedin ethanol, and then injected into porous carbon rods
for fullerene generation. Radioactive 139 Ce EMFs
were produced by the arc discharge method and extracted together with empty fullerenes from the sootby CS2 . Mixed solutions of polar solvents (acetonitrile: MeCN, acetone, and methanol: MeOH) andsmall amounts of electron donors (triethylamine: TEA,
tripropylamine: TPA, tetrahydrofurane: THF, N,N,dimethylformanide: DMF, pyridine, and aniline) for
the reduction of EMFs were added into these CS2 so∗1∗2

Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 243 -

lutiosn and then stirred. To separate the produced
EMF anion from the residual empty fullerene precipitate, these solutions were passed through a membraneﬁlter. A few drops of an aqueous solution of dichloroacetatic acid were added into the ﬁltrate samples for neutralizing the EMF anion, and the neutralized EMFs
were re-dissolved in chlorobenzene (F). The residual
empty fullerenes on membrane ﬁlters were dissolved in
CS2 for recovery from a ﬁlter (P). The γ ray emitted
from these solutions and ﬁlter were detected using a
Ge detector.
Figure 1 shows the rate% of radioactivity observedin F, P, and ﬁlter for each sample. In principle, radioactivity observed in F is derived from radioactive
EMFs separated from empty fullerenes and that in P
is derived from radioactive EMFs that remained in theempty fullerene precipitate. Accordingly the rate% of
F indicates the separation eﬃciency of EMFs. Considering the donor number (DN) which is known as
an index indicating the strength of the electron donor
properties, the electron donors used in this study canbe arranged according to their performance as TEA>TPA >aniline >pyridine >DMF >THF.3) In the caseof MeCN as the polar solvent, a rate% greater than
80% in F was found with alkylamines such as TPA and
TEA. These results indicate that good electron donors
such as TPA and TEA easily reduce EMFs. From theviewpoint of the polarity of the solvent, the rate% of
F for the solvents with large polarity such as MeCN
is found to be larger than that for the solvents withsmall polarity such as acetone. On the other hand, therate% of F for MeCN which is a non-protic solvent issuperior to that for MeOH which is a protic solvent inspite of both polarities being comparable.

Fig. 1. Observed radioactivity in solution F (black), solution P (gray), and filter (white) for each sample.

References
1) K. Akiyama et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 9762 (2012).
2) T. Kodama et al., Chem. Lett. 34, 464 (2005).
3) V. Gutmann: The Donor-Acceptor Approach to Molecular Interactions (Plenum, New York, 1978).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production cross
cross sections
sections ofd,x) reactions
Productionof ((d,x)reactionson
onnatural
naturalplatinum
platinum† †M. U. Khandaker䠆1,䠆2 and H. Haba䠆2
An accurate knowledge of nuclear reaction phenomena oflight charged particles with platinum shows significancedue to its various applications in science and technology.
The microscopic experimental cross-sections of platinum
are very useful for the production of medical radioisotopes,
the verification of nuclear reaction theory, the thin layer
activation analysis, etc. Recently, we investigateddeuteron-induced reaction cross sections from various target
elements because measured data of the (d,x) processes arelimited compared to those of (p,x) processes. A survey ofliterature shows that several investigations have been
conducted for the natPt(d,x) reactions leading to various
applications. As an example, the production of the 198gAu
via the natPt(d,x) reaction finds applications in targetedradiotheraphy and imaging procedures 1,2). Its half-life issuitable for an uptake and residence time of antibodies
especially in the treatment of solid tumors without asignificant loss of activity. Due to the monoisotopic
characteristic of 197Au target, the 197Au(n,J)198Au reaction
with a nuclear reactor of quite moderate power is currently
being utilized as a commercial production route for 198Au in
many countries for clinical use 2). But the successive andsimultaneous formation of 199Au via the secondary
198
Au(n,J)199Au reaction is significant because of its very
high cross-section, and therefore causes a small portion of
199
Au isotopic impurity and reduce the specific activity of
198
Au. Thus, measurements of new experimental
cross-sections via the deuteron irradiation on natural
platinum are expected to provide new production pathways
for the no-carrier-added 198Au.
The objective of the present study was to report the latestnat
Pt(d,x)cross
sectionsof
the
192,193,194,195,196m2,196,198m,198,199
195m,197
Au,Pt
and
190(g+m1+0.086m2),192(g+m1),194m
Ir reactions that were measured
with a high precision over the energy range of 2–24 MeV
using the AVF cyclotron facility of the RIKEN RI Beam
Factory, Wako, Japan. Details on the irradiation technique,radioactivity determination, and data evaluation procedures
are available in Ref. 3). Owing to the space limitation of thisreport, we present only the natPt(d,x)198gAu cross sections
and the deduced yield in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.
Measured cross sections with an overall uncertainty arelisted in Ref. 3). The cross-sections were normalized byusing the natTi(d,x)48V monitor cross sections recommended
by IAEA. Measured data were critically compared with theavailable literature data and theoretical data, and only
partial agreements were obtained with the earlier
experimental and theoretical data extracted from the
TENDL-2013.

The deduced thick-target yields indicate that a low amountof no-carrier-added 198gAu could be obtained on an enriched198
Pt (100%) target with the yield of 22 MBq/μA-h at 15
MeV deuteron energy from a cyclotron.

Fig. 1. Excitation function of the natPt(d,x)198gAu reaction.

Fig. 2. Physical thick target yields for the 199,198g+m,196,196m2Au and
195m
Pt radionuclides.
References
1) J. Horiuchi, M. Takeda, H. Shibuya, S. Matsumoto, M.
Hoshina, S. Suzuki: Radiotherapy and Oncology 21, 29(1991).
2) D. E. Berning, K. V. Katti et al.: Nucl. Med. & Bio. 25, 577(1998).
3) M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys.
Res. B 362, 151 (2015).

†

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Inst. Meths. B. 362, 151 (2015).
Department of Physics, University of Malaya
䠆2
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆1- 244 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

nat
Measurementof
ofproduction
production crossW(d,x)
Measurement
cross sections
sectionsof
ofRe
Reisotopes
isotopesininthe
thenatW(d,x)
reactionsreactions

Y. Komori,*1 M. Murakami,*1,*2 and H. Haba*1
Chemical characterization of superheavy elements is oneof the most important and challenging subjects in the fieldof nuclear chemistry. We plan to conduct modelexperiments for chemical studies of element 107, Bh, using
radiotracers of its homologs, Tc and Re. Long-lived 95mTc(T1/2 = 61 d), 183Re (T1/2 = 70 d), and 184m,gRe (m: T1/2 = 169d; g: T1/2 = 35.4 d) are useful for the model experiments.
These isotopes are producible in the deuteron-induced
reactions on natMo and natW (nat: natural isotopic
abundance) using the RIKEN AVF cyclotron. Previously,
we measured production cross sections of Tc isotopes in thenatMo(d,x) reactions for quantitative production of 95mTc.1)
In this work, we have measured the cross sections of Re
isotopes in the natW(d,x) reactions up to 24 MeV.
The cross sections were measured using a stacked-foil
technique. The target stack consisted of twenty sets of natW
foils (99.95% purity, 40.7 mg/cm2 thickness) and natTi foils(>99.6% purity, 4.7 mg/cm2 thickness). The Ti foils wereused to calibrate the beam current and the incident energy
via the monitor reaction natTi(d,x)48V.2) The size of all foils
was 15 × 15 mm2. The target stack was irradiated for 1 h
with a 24-MeV deuteron beam supplied from the RIKEN
AVF cyclotron. The average beam current was 0.18 μA.
After the irradiation, each foil was subjected to γ-ray
spectrometry with a Ge detector.
The excitation functions were measured for thenatW(d,x)181,182a,182b,183,184m,184g,186gRe,187W,182g,184Ta reactions.
Figure 1 shows the excitation function of the natW(d,x)183Re
reaction. Our results are in good agreement with those of
Tárkányi et al.3) and Duchemin et al.4) and slightly smaller
than others.5–7) Figure 2 shows the excitation function of thenatW(d,x)184mRe reaction. There are only two reports4,5) on
the cross sections of 184mRe and our data confirmed theresults reported by Duchemin et al.4) It can be seen that thetheoretical model code TALYS (TENDL-2014)8) reproduces
well the experimental cross sections of 183Re. However, thecode significantly overestimates the excitation function of
184m
Re though it can reproduce the shape of the function. As
for 184gRe, our results are slightly smaller than those in theliterature.3–5) The TALYS code slightly underestimates our
excitation function of 184gRe, though it reproduces the shapeof the function. Thick-target yields of 183,184m,184gRe werededuced from the measured cross sections. The deduced
yields of 183,184m,184gRe at 24 MeV are 1.7, 0.043, and 1.2
MBq/μA·h, respectively. Based on the present results, we
produced 183,184m,184gRe by typical irradiations of a 200
mg/cm2-thick natW target foil with the 24-MeV deuteronbeam with 5-μA for 3 h. These Re isotopes were chemicallyseparated as no-carrier-added forms from the target material
and by-products by using anion-exchange and alumina
䠆1
䠆2

columns. We are using these radiotracers to develop a rapid
solvent extraction apparatus and to determine suitable
experimental conditions to study the aqueous chemistry of
Bh.9)
Cross section [mb]

600
500
400
300

natW(d,x)183Re

This work
Duchemin (2015)
Manenti (2014)
Nakao (2006)
Tarkanyi (2003)
Ishioka (2002)
TENDL-2014

200

184W(d,3n)
182W(d,n)10000183W(d,2n)

10
20Deuteron energy [MeV]30

Fig. 1. The excitation function of the natW(d,x)183Re reaction.
The errors of the cross sections were evaluated bypropagating those of counting statistics in the radioactivity
measurement, detector efficiency, and γ-ray intensity. The
error in the deuteron energy corresponds to the energy
degradation in each foil.
100

Cross section [mb]natW(d,x)184mRe

This work
Duchemin (2015)
Manenti (2014)
TENDL-2014

186W(d,4n)50
184W(d,2n)183W(d,n)

0
0

10
20
Deuteron energy [MeV]30

Fig. 2. The excitation function of the natW(d,x)184mRe
reaction.
References

1) Y. Komori et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 296 (2015).
2) IAEA: IAEA report IAEA-TECDOC-1211, 2001.
3) F. Tárkányi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 211, 319 (2003).
4) C. Duchemin et al.: Appl. Radiat. Isot. 97, 52 (2015).
5) S. Manenti et al.: Radiochim. Acta. 102, 669 (2014).
6) M. Nakao et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 562, 785 (2006).
7) N. S. Ishioka et al.: J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. Suppl. 2, 1334 (2002).
8) A. J. Koning et al.: TENDL-2014: TALYS-based EvaluatedNuclear Data Library, 2014.
9) Y. Komori et al.: Pacifichem 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.,
Dec. INOR 1758, 2015.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate school of Sci. and Technol., Niigata Univ.

- 245 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

induced crossand enrichedenriched
Alpha particle induced
cross section
section measurements on natural andCd at
at 50 MeV
MeV
Cd
F. Ditrói,᧦1 S. Takács,᧦1 H. Haba,᧦2 Y. Komori,᧦2 M. Aikawa,᧦3, * 2 Z. Szűcs,᧦1 and M. Saito᧦4, * 2
In year 2015 two series of measurements have been
performed in January and December at the AVF cyclotronof RIKEN Nishina Center in the frame of a bilateralagreement between the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. One ofthose series was the investigation of alpha particle induced
cross sections on natCd and enriched 116Cd targets. Theenergy of the alpha beam was calibrated by using Time of
Flight (TOF) methods before the December experiments.
The results of this was also used to correct the results of theJanuary experiments, because it turned out that the nominal
50 MeV alpha energy provided by the accelerator actuallycorresponds to 51.2 MeV energy. The enriched cadmium
was deposited on Cu backing while the natural cadmium
foils were pure metal foils from季 Goodfellow. In both
irradiations we used thin Ti foils for monitoring the beam
parameters, while in the enriched cadmium experiments
also the Cu backing served as monitor.
The radioisotope 117mSn with 13.6 d half-life, which has
already been used as a bone cancer pain relief agent, turned
to be more important in medical applications. 117mSn has
several advantages in modern cancer therapy. It has
conversion electron radiation with an average energy of 140
keV allowing about 300 Pm effective treatment range, thehalf-life is convenient for production, labelling and delivery
within several hundreds of kilometers, its 159 keV gammaline is also convenient for using the commercial imaging
techniques e.g. gamma camera. Taking into account allthese properties 117mSn is a unique candidate between all
potential medical isotopes1).
The first stack was assembled from enriched 116Cd
deposited on 12 Pm Cu backing. The average thickness of
the Cd layer was measured as 21.9 Pm. For further
monitoring several Ti foils with nominal thickness of 12 Pm
were also inserted between the Cd targets.
The alpha induced cross sections on both natural andenriched 116Cd and natCd targets have already measured byseveral authors2,3,4), the purpose of the present study was toresolve the big discrepancies of the different results and toextend the energy range of the measurements (see Figs. 1
and 2). The preliminary results are shown in Fig.1 for theenriched targets and in Fig. 2 for natural cadmium, both forthe medically important 117mSn radioisotope. On Fig. 1 ourresults are much higher than the others under 30 MeV, thatis why we have measured the spectra in the December

experiment much longer, in order to separate thecontribution from other isotopes. At list one of the previous
results on natural cadmium is obviously wrong (Fig. 2), so
our contribution may give the correct results, as the it isconfirmed by the shape and amplitude of the TENDL
prediction.

Figure1. Preliminary resultof cross

sectionsforthe

116Cd(D,3n)117mSn reaction

Figure 2. Preliminary resultnat
Cd(D,3n)117mSn reaction

References

1)
2)
3)
4)

Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
RIKEN Nishina Center᧦3 Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
᧦4 Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
᧦1

5)

᧦2

6)

- 246 -of cross sections

for theR. Nigel et al.: J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 305, 99 (2015).
S.M. Qaim, H. Doehler: Appl. Radiat. Isot. 35, 645 (1984).
R.A. Rebeles et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
266, 4731 (2008).
D.M. Montgometry, N.T. Porile: Nucl. Phys. A 130, 65(1969).
T. Watanabe et al., Proceedings of the 5th International
Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2014), 3566 (2014).
T. Watanabe et al., Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meetingof Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, p. 1198 (2015).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Excitation function of α-induced reaction on nat Pd for 103 Ag
production
M. Aikawa,∗1,∗2 M. Saito,∗3,∗2 H. Haba,∗2 Y. Komori,∗2 S. Takács,∗4 F. Ditrói,∗4 and Z. Szücs∗4

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
MTA ATOMKI, Hungarian Academy of Sciences- 247 -

Result (Preliminary)
Hermanne et al. (2005)
TENDL-20141210

σ (mb)

Radioactive isotopes (RIs) are available in many application ﬁelds, such as engineering and medicine. Production of such RIs is possible through various reactions involving combinations of projectiles and targets.
The best process to obtain RIs can be discussed basedon the information of all the reactions. The production
cross sections induced by neutrons and light chargedparticles thus constitute fundamental information for
the applications.
One such RI for medical applications is 103 Pd(T1/2 = 16.991 d) for brachytherapy1,2) and targetedradionuclide therapy as part of the 103 Pd/103m Rh invivo generator3) . In addition to direct 103 Pd production, the production of its generator, 103 Ag, is worthlyof investigation. 103 Ag has the isomeric state 103m Ag
at 134.4 keV (T1/2 = 5.7 s, IT: 100%), which cumulatively contributes to 103g Ag (T1/2 = 65.7 min, � + β + :100%) production through IT decay. In the case of
α-induced reactions on nat Pd, only experimental data
are available only below 37 MeV4) . Therefore, we performed an experiment to obtain the excitation function of nat Pd(α,x)103 Ag up to about 50 MeV. This experiment is promising as it would provide fundamental information for establishing the best process for103
Ag/103 Pd production.
The experiment was performed at the RIKEN AVF
cyclotron by using the stacked foil technique and theactivation method. nat Pd foils (purity: 99.95%, Nilaco, Japan) were used with nat Ti monitor foils (purity: 99.9%, Goodfellow, UK). The thicknesses of thePd and Ti foils were 9.80 mg/cm2 and 4.95 mg/cm2 ,respectively. The stacked target consisted of 12 sets of
the Pd-Pd-Ti-Ti foils to reduce the possible recoil effect in every second foil. The target was irradiated for2 h by the 51.2 MeV α beam with the average intensityof 55.7 pnA. This beam energy was measured by thetime-of-ﬂight method using a plastic scintillator monitor5) . γ rays from the irradiated foils were measuredby HPGe detectors.
According to the NuDat 2.6 database6) , there aremany speciﬁc γ lines from 103g Ag decays. We adopted
the intense γ line at 118.74 keV (31.2%) to derive theproduction cross sections of 103g Ag since the γ line
at 148.20 keV (28.3%) overlaps with that of 111m Cd(T1/2 = 48.54 min, IT: 29.1%) at 150.824 keV. Our
preliminary result is shown in Fig. 1 with the previous experimental data4) and theoretical calculation of

8
6
4
2
0
30

35

40
E (MeV)

45

50

Fig. 1. Excitation function of the nat Pd(α,x)103g+m Ag reaction. Our preliminary result (solid circles) with statistical errors is compared with the previous experimental data (open triangles)4) and the theoretical calculation7) of 102 Pd(α,x)103 Ag with normalization of the102
Pd abundance.

102

Pd(α,x)103 Ag in TENDL-20147) with normalizationof the 102 Pd abundance (1.02%). Our result showsslightly larger values than the previous data4) below
37 MeV. The peak could be found at around 42 MeV
in our result but at around 45 MeV in TENDL-20147) .
Further analysis will be performed on the data and theTi monitor reaction to ﬁnalize the result.
In summary, we performed an experiment onnat
Pd(α,x)103g+m Ag by using the stacked foil technique and the activation method. The preliminary result of the excitation function of the reaction showsslightly diﬀerent values from the previous experimentand theoretical calculation. The ﬁnal result based on
further analysis will be reported in a separate paper.
We will also analyze the spectral data to derive production cross sections of other RIs.
This work is supported by the Japan - Hungary Research Cooperative Program, JSPS and HAS.
References
1) S. Nag et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 44, 789(1999).
2) A. Hermanne et al., Radiochim. Acta 92, 215 (2004).
3) Z. Szücs et al., Appl. Rad. Isot. 67, 1401 (2009).
4) A. Hermanne et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 229, 321(2005).
5) T. Watanabe et al.: Proc. 5th Int. Part. Accel. Conf.
(IPAC2014) (2014), p.3566.
6) National Nuclear Data Center: the NuDat 2 database,
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
7) A.J. Koning et al.: TENDL-2014: TALYS-based evaluated nuclear data library.

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)([FLWDWLRQIXQFWLRQVRIGHXWHURQ
([FLWDWLRQIXQFWLRQVRIGHXWHURQLQGXFHGUHDFWLRQVRQQDWXUDOQLFNHO
A. R. Usman,䠆1,䠆2 M. U. Khandaker,䠆1,䠆2 H. Haba,䠆1 M. Murakami,䠆1 and N. Otuka䠆3†

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Inst. Meths. B. 368, 112 (2016).
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆2
Department of Physics, University of Malaya
䠆3
Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency
䠆1- 248 -

function of this radionuclide. Unlike proton production
route, the production cross-sections of 52gMn via deuteronirradiation was scarcely reported. The TENDL-2014 could
not accurately predict the excitation function of thisradionuclide.

Cross Section (mb)

25
20
15
10

nat

60m+g

Ni(d,x)Co

Takacs et al., '07
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-2)
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-3)
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-4)
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-5)
This work
TENDL-2014

5
0
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Deuteron Energy (MeV)
Fig. 1. Excitation function of the natNi(d,x)60m+gCo reaction.

3
Cross Section (mb)Nickel (Ni) has been given priority over several othermaterials in a recent IAEA Coordinated Research Project on
Nuclear Data Libraries for Advance Systems - Fusion
Devices. Ni also can be used as a target material for the
production of radionuclides by accelerators leading to
medical and industrial applications. Co radionuclides suchas 55,56,57Co found potential applications in medicine andother basic research fields due to their suitable decay
characteristics 1). 55Co found important applications inlabelling bleomycin and in the studies of cerebral andcardiac problems via PET. 57Co plays a significant role as acalibration standard in Ȗ-ray spectrometry and single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) 2). A detailed
literature survey of experimental data via deuteron
bombardment of nickel show large discrepancies among theprevious data. More so, experimental data via the deuteron
bombardment process are relatively scarce, leading tofurther need of enriching the database. In this article, newexperimental cross-sections of several radionuclides werereported via deuteron irradiation of some stacked foils madefrom natural Ni. A well-established stacked foil activation
technique combined with Ȗ-ray spectrometry was employed
to determine the cross-sections of the natNi(d,x)55-58,60Co,
57
Ni, 52g,54Mn, and 61Cu reactions for the deuteron energy
range of 24 MeV down to the respective thresholds 3).
Using a water-cooled target holder that served as a
Faraday cup, two stacks were irradiated for 2.00 h and 2.07
h, respectively, with a 24-MeV deuteron beam energy andabout 200 nA beam current from the AVF cyclotron of
RIKEN RI Beam Factory, Japan 3). The beam intensity wasdetermined from the activity of the Ti foil placed at thefront of the stacks, and considered as a constant to deducecross-sections for each foil in the stack. The natTi(d,x)48V
monitor reaction (ı = 217.54 mb at Ed = 23.88 MeV)
recommended by the IAEA 3) was adopted to evaluate thebeam intensity.
The production cross-sections of 55-58,60Co, 57Ni, 52g,54Mn,
and 61Cu radionuclides were reported in the tables andfigures in Ref. 3), together with extensive reviews of
EXFOR data base and also TENDL-2014. Owing to space,
60m+g
Co and 52gMn are given
only excitation functions ofhere. Only two earlier studies reported the cross-sections of
60
Co, and they are inconsistent with each other as shown in
Fig. 1. The prediction by the Talys code extracted fromTENDL-2014 database could not also give a good
approximate of the excitation function of 60Co. A separate
experiment based on the optimized experimental condition
for 60Co may be helpful to obtain a more reliable excitation

2
1
0
0

nat

52g

Ni(d,x) Mn

Cline '71 (norm)
Takacs et al., '07
Amjed et al., '13
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-2)
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-4)
Hermanne et al., '13 (Ex-5)
This work
TENDL-2014

5

10

15

20

25

30

Deuteron Energy (MeV)
Fig. 2. Excitation function of the natNi(d,x)52gMn reaction.
References
1) M.C. Lagunas-Solar, J.A. Jungerman: Int. J. Appl. Radiat.
Isot. 30, 25 (1979).
2) F.S. Al-Saleh et al.: Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65, 104 (2007).
3) A. R. Usman et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 368,
112 (2016).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Cross
checking of monitor reactions
at RIKEN AVF cyclotron using 50 MeV
alphaparticle beams

S. Takács,*1 F. Ditrói,*1 Z. Szűcs,*1 H. Haba,*2 Y. Komori,*2 M. Aikawa,*3,*2 and M. Saito*4,*2
In the frame of a bilateral agreement between the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) and the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), experiments
were performed to determine activation cross sections for avariety of radionuclides, which were produced in alphaparticle induced nuclear reactions on 27Al, natTi, natCu, natPd,
nat
Cd, 116Cd, and natGe target materials, using theconventional stacked-foil-target technique and activation
method. Experiments were performed during two separate
beam time allocations in January 2015 and in December
2015. In both series of experiments alpha particle beams
with Eα = 51.2 MeV energy were used, measured by thetime of flight method. Irradiations took place in a special
vacuum chamber for irradiation times of one or two hours
with a beam current of 50 nA. The activity of the irradiatedtarget foils was assessed by high purity Ge
gamma-spectrometers. Decay of the produced radionuclides
was followed for several half-lives in order to identify thesources of the possible interfering gamma radiations
accurately. Reactions on the 27Al, natTi, and natCu target
materials are most frequently used for monitoring the beam
parameters, such as actual beam energy, beam intensity, or
energy loss of the bombarding particles in the irradiatedtarget material. Recommended cross section values areprovided for those monitor reactions by the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)1) and are freely available on
the Internet. Since the recommended data available by
IAEA were evaluated one by one, independently, across-check of the reaction cross section is advised. The aimof our measurements regarding the 27Al, natTi, and natCu
targets was to contribute the cross-checked data sets to the
database maintained by the Nuclear Data Section (NDS),
IAEA and extend the energy range of the recommended
data up to 50 MeV, where necessary. A stack containing thin
Al, Ti, and Cu metallic foils was irradiated to cross-check
27
27
nat
Al(α,x)22Na,
Al(α,x)24Na,
Ti(α,x)51Cr,
the
nat
66
nat
67
nat
65
Cu(α,x) Ga, Cu(α,x) Ga, and Cu(α,x) Zn monitor
reactions. As indicated by the first preliminary results
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, there is only a small inconsistency
among the recommended values of the investigated monitor
reactions. Experimental data measured on 27Al, natTi, andnat
Cu in the same stack show that the recommended values
provided in the IAEA database are relatively in good
agreement. However, the shapes of the recommended
curves and the new experimental data show some deviations,which require further analysis and verification.
Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University＊4
Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

Preliminary data show that the amplitude of therecommended excitation functions and the experimental
values have maximum difference of 7%, which should be
confirmed later, since some of the data collection is stillrunning and data evaluation is in progress.

Figure 1. Preliminary results are shown on cross section
data for the 27Al(α,x)22,24Na, natTi(α,x)51Cr, natCu(α,x)66,67Ga,
and natCu(α,x)65Zn reactions. Solid curves denote the IAEA
recommended values, which are in acceptable agreementwith our measurements; however, the shape of theexcitation functions should be confirmed.

Figure 2. Preliminary results are shown on cross section
data for the 27Al(α,x)22,24Na reactions. Solid curves denote
the IAEA recommended values. The shape of the excitation
functions should be confirmed.
Reference＊1＊21) https://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/monitor_reactions.html- 249 -

4. Radiation Chemistry and Biology

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

The
substantiallyenhanced
enhanced
Thedefect
defectofofnon-homologous
non-homologousend
end joining
joining substantially
the
focus
formation
irradiation,butbutnot
not
after
the
focus
formationofofRad51
Rad51 after
after X-ray
X-ray irradiation,
after
heavy-ion
irradiation
heavy-ion irradiation
M. Izumi*1 and T. Abe*1
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are caused byexposure of DNA to ionizing radiation, and these arerepaired primarily by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ),
homologous recombination (HR), or microhomology
mediated end joining (MMEJ) in mammalian cells 1).
Accelerated heavy-ion particles with a high linear energy
transfer (LET) induce complex clustered DNA damage,which is considered an obstacle to efficient repair andinduces different biological effects compared to low-LET
radiation. To analyze the repair mechanism for DSBs
caused by heavy-ions, we investigated cell sensitivity toheavy-ions by using a wild-type CHO cell and two CHO
mutant lines deficient in HR2) or NHEJ3) in the previous
study3) and observed that HR is mainly involved in the
repair pathway induced by high-LET ionizing radiation4).
However, several studies suggest that NHEJ is also
involved in DSB repair caused by heavy ion5,6), and therepair mechanism is still controversial.
In this report, we investigated the formation of Rad51
foci, which is involved in strand transfer and is essential forHR7), using CHO cells and mutant cell line (V3) deficient in
NHEJ. The number of Rad51 foci per cell in V3 cells was
twice that in CHO cells 1 h after X-ray irradiation,suggesting that NHEJ and HR work competitively to someextent (Fig. 1). In contrast, the number of Rad51 foci inV3 cells was similar to that in CHO cells 1 h after C-ion
irradiation (LET = 80 keV/µm), suggesting that HR works
mainly in DSB repair.
The number of Rad51 foci was maximum
immediately after X-ray irradiation and decreased gradually,
whereas the number of Rad51 foci increased from 1 h to 8 h
and then slightly decreased from 8 h to 16 h after C-ion
irradiation, indicating that DSBs induced by C-ion are
repaired slowly compared to those induced by X-ray. In
addition, the number of Rad51 foci significantly increasedin V3 cells than in CHO cells 16 h after C-ion irradiation.
This result suggests that NHEJ is also involved in repair
pathway. The processing of damaged DNA strands by
various enzymes may enable NHEJ to repair DSBs causedby heavy-ion irradiation at a later period. As the apoptosis
in CHO cells starts 18-24 h after irradiation, the results ofsurvival may not necessarily reflect the repair process
directly.
Now we are investigating the localization of 53BP1
and Rif1 after heavy-ion irradiation, which are involved in
the selection of repair pathways for repairing DSB8,9). Our
preliminary experiments showed that Rad51 foci were only
observed in S-G2 cells after heavy-ion irradiation (data notshown). Therefore, we are also planning to examine how
cell cycle affects repair kinetics.
*1 RIKEN Nishina Center- 251 -

Fig. 1 (A) Representative images of CHO or V3 nuclei(blue) with Rad51 foci (green). Cells were irradiated with
5 Gy of X-ray or carbon ions and fixed with 4%paraformaldehyde at indicated time points from irradiation.
Foci formation of Rad51 was detected using
immunofluorescence staining. (B) Kinetics of Rad51 fociformation in CHO (open box) or V3 (closed box) cells.
Rad51 foci were scored in 2D by using a Zeiss microscopewith ApoTome from 1-16 h post irradiation. The average
number of foci per Rad51-positive cells is shown. Error
bars represent the standard deviations.
References

1) L.S. Symington and J. Gautier: Annu. Rev. Genet. 45,
247-271 (2011).
2) R.S. Tebbs et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 6354 (1995).
3) S.R. Peterson et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3171
(1995).
4) M. Izumi and T. Abe: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 253,(2014).
5) A. Takahashi et al.: Radiat. Res. 182, 338-344 (2014).
6) A. Bajinskis et al.: Mut. Res. 731, 125-132 (2012).
7) A. Shinohara et al: 69, 457 (1992).
8) C. Escribano-Diaz et al.: Mol. Cell 49, 872 (2013).
9) J. R. Chapman et al.: Mol. Cell 49, 858 (2013).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Low-dose high-LET heavy ion-induced bystander signaling (II)M. Tomita,∗1,∗2 T. Tsukada,∗2 and M. Izumi∗2
Radiation-induced bystander response (RIBR) is acellular response induced in nonirradiated cells thatreceive bystander signals from directly irradiated cells
within an irradiated cell population.1) RIBR induced
by low doses of high-LET radiations is an important
issue concerning the health of astronauts and in heavyion radiation cancer therapy. Here, we investigated theunderlying molecular mechanisms and biological implications of RIBR induced by such low doses of highLET radiations.
The clonogenic cell survival of normal human ﬁbroblast WI-38 cells irradiated with Ar ions (310 keV/µm)
is shown in Fig. 1. At a higher dose region (0.5 Gy
and above), the surviving fractions of cells harvested
16–24 h after irradiation was similar to those of cells
harvested immediately (0 h) after irradiation [Fig. 1A].
On the other hand, a strong cell-killing eﬀect at doses
below 0.08 Gy was observed in the cells harvested 16–
24 h after irradiation [Fig. 1B]. Such an eﬀect was notobserved in the cells harvested immediately after irradiation. Previously, we reported that cells irradiatedwith high-LET Fe ions (1000 keV/µm) showed similar results.2) These results suggest that an adequate
incubation period is necessary for bystander signal induction and transfer.
Previously, we reported that gap-junction intercellular communication (GJIC), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
protein, and nitric oxide (NO) were involved in highLET Fe-ion-induced bystander signal transfer.2) Figure 2 shows the progress of results reﬂecting new data.
Lindane and NS-398 (an inhibitor of GJIC and COX-2,
respectively) were dissolved in DMSO (a scavenger ofreactive oxygen species). c-PTIO is a scavenger of NO.
DMSO (0.1%), lindane (Lin, 50 µM), c-PTIO (20 µM),
or NS-398 (50 µM) was added to the medium 2 h before irradiation3) with 0.1 Gy of Fe ions (1000 keV/µm)[Fig. 2A] or 0.05 Gy of Ar ions (310 keV/µm) [Fig.
2B]. The obtained results for the cells irradiated with
Fe and Ar ions were almost similar. DMSO did not signiﬁcantly suppress the bystander cell killing. In contrast, lindane, NS-398, and c-PTIO signiﬁcantly (P <0.05) suppressed cell death to similar levels. Cells pretreated with both c-PTIO and lindane did not exhibit
a signiﬁcantly higher surviving fraction than those pretreated with lindane or c-PITO alone. These results
suggest that bystander signaling through GJIC and thecell culture medium induces the bystander cell killingeﬀect in a coordinated manner.

∗1∗2

Radiation Safety Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
RIKEN Nishina Center- 252 -

Fig. 1. Survival curves of WI-38 cells. Conﬂuent monolayers of WI-38 cells were irradiated with 95 MeV/u Ar
ions and the cells were harvested immediately (0 h) or
16–24 h after irradiation. The surviving fraction wasdetermined by using a colony forming assay. Panel A
shows all data obtained in this study. Panel B shows thesurviving fractions at doses of 0.2 Gy and below. The
error bars represent the standard errors of the mean
(SEM) (n = 3–6).

Fig. 2. Eﬀect of inhibitors or scavengers. Panels A and B
show the surviving fractions in the cells irradiated with
0.1 Gy of Fe ions and 0.05 Gy of Ar ions, respectively.
*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, for comparison with control
and drug-treated cultures.

References
1) M. Tomita and M. Maeda: J. Radiat. Res. 56, 205(2015).
2) M. Tomita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 302(2015).
3) M. Tomita et al.: Radiat. Res. 179, 200 (2013).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Effectsofof several
several LET
LET conditions
conditions onon theEffects
the mutation
mutation isolation
isolation systemsystem inin fruit
fruit
flies
K. Tsuneizumi*1 and T. Abe*1
Heavy-ion beam mutagenesis is generally recognized as
an effective method for mutation breeding1, 2). Although thismethod was greatly successful with plants, its application islimited for animals. Therefore, we plan to acquire morebasic data to set up optimal conditions for the irradiation
system by heavy-ion beam, using Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) as the model.
In a previous study, we developed and improved a stablemutant isolation system using fruit flies using carbon-ion
beam irradiation. Then, we estimated the suitable state of
the F1 progeny that includes a possibility of chromosome
damage. It is important to know when the flies with highprobabilities of DNA damage are born. Since DNA damage
to important genes for survival can be judged by thehomozygotes born in the F3 progeny, we measured afrequency of the lethal rate of the F3 progeny3). The
progeny born 4 days after irradiation at 10 Gy dose levels
recorded the maximum frequency of lethal rate3).
In this report, we measured the survival and the lethal
rates at 4-days samples with various linear energy transfer(LET) values of [22.5, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, and 300
keV/µm] at different dose levels (1, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60,
and 80 Gy) using carbon-ion beam or argon-ion beam toestimate the influence of LET of heavy-ion beam on the
biological effects.
Irradiated male flies were crossed with virgin female fliesin the manner shown in reference 4. We focused on 4-dayssamples because they showed maximum frequency of lethal
rate of the F3 progeny3). We compared the survival ratewith those at different LET conditions. The survival rate
decreases with increasing dose of LET irradiation (Fig. 1).
When the strength of LET was beyond 100 keV/µm, thesurvival rate decreased remarkably, and the population of
the F1 generation to establish mutant flies decreased sharply(Fig. 1). Furthermore, even when the exposure doses
exceeded 20 Gy, survival rates decreased remarkably, andthe population in the F1 generation decreased sharply.
Then, we compared the lethal rates at different LET
condition. When the exposure doses exceeded 20 Gy, thelethal rates had high numerical values (Fig. 2). But thesedata could not establish the lethal mutants because there
were only a few numbers of the F1 generation. In otherwords, it is impossible to search the mutant lines forlarge-scale screening, and it is impossible to estimate thegood irradiation conditions.
The good exposure doses for the purpose of large-scale
screening of mutant lines are 1-3 Gy. The good LET values
for irradiation are 22.5-80 keV/µm (Fig. 1). In the case of
22.5, 30, and 50 keV/µm, the lethal rate for 3-Gy irradiation
is higher than that for 1-Gy irradiation (Fig. 2). Thus, these＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 253 -

data suggest that 3-Gy irradiation is better than any othercondition. In the case of 80 keV/µm, the lethal rate for 1-Gy
irradiation is higher than that for 3-Gy irradiation (Fig. 2).
Therefore, these data suggest that 1-Gy irradiation is better
than any other conditions.

Fig. 1. Correlation between survival rate and exposure dose.
Parental male flies were irradiated with carbon-ion beams(LET = 22.5, 30, 50, 80, 100 keV/µm) or argon-ion beams(LET = 200, 300 keV/µm). The frequency of survival rateof the F1 progeny is measured using 4-days samples.

Fig. 2. Correlation between lethal rate and exposure dose.
The frequency of lethal rate of the F3 progeny is measured
using 4-days samples.
References

1) T. Abe et al.: in Plant Mutation Breeding and Biotechnology,
edited by Q. Y. Shu et al. (CABI, Oxfordshire, 2012), p.99.
2) A. Tanaka et al.: J. Radiat. Res. 51, 223 (2010).
3) K. Tsuneizumi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 303 (2015).
4) K. Tsuneizumi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 285 (2014).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Development of a high-performance bioinformatics pipeline for riceexome sequencing
H. Ichida,∗1 Y. Shirakawa,∗1 R. Morita,∗1 Y. Hayashi,∗1 and T. Abe∗1
Heavy-ion beams cause DNA double strand breaks
in a cell along with the beam direction and induce mutations, including insertions, deletions, inversions, andbase substitutions in genome. Recent advances in massively parallel (aka “next generation”) DNA sequencing technology enabled us to perform a comprehensive
analysis of genomic mutations in base-pair resolution.
We have been establishing heavy ion beam-irradiatedrice progenies as a bioresource that are subjected toscreening experiments to meet scientiﬁc and agricultural needs. Although among crops, rice has a relatively small genome size (approximately 400 million
bases per haploid), most parts are ﬁlled with repetitive and junk elements and only 10% is predicted to
encode proteins. We have developed a system to enrich rice exons, which are genomic regions transcribed
and translated into proteins, and to determine their
nucleotide sequences. By this strategy, called exome
sequencing, it is possible to reduce sequencing costs
signiﬁcantly by eliminating meaningless sequences andfocusing on the regions encoding proteins.
In the present study, we have developed a highperformance bioinformatics pipeline for analyzing riceexome sequencing results, and we identify the most signiﬁcant mutations without the need for prior knowledge. The pipeline was implemented on Hokusai
GreatWave, which is a parallel computing platform operated by Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN. In the pipeline, raw sequencing
reads (100–150 bp in length) are mapped to reference
Nipponbare sequences using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner(BWA) software1) , sorted, and realigned, and the datais stored in the standard BAM format. Programs with
3 distinct algorithms (GATK2) , Pindel3) , and Bedtools4) ) are used to identify the mutations. We implemented a ﬁlter to remove duplicated and unreliable
mutation candidates. The list of mutations were stored
in tab-delimited text ﬁle and accessible from genericspreadsheet software. In parallel, the quality of raw
reads were checked by FastQC5) program and the results were stored as an HTML-formatted report for review. The entire process was executed automaticallyand in parallel through a batch job controlling system.
The deployment of an in-house bioinformatics pipeline
enabled reliable comparison of results from diﬀerent
experiments (batches), since the pipeline is controlled
by a versioning system; therefore, it is possible to reproduce exactly the same program and database versions any time.
To test the validity of variant calling and the fol∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 254 -

lowing ﬁltration, we analyzed the exome sequencing
results from 8 individual rice mutants obtained via
carbon- and neon-ion irradiations. As the result, there
were 62,024 mutation candidates in GATK and Pindel outputs, but most of those mutations are common among the mutants and are likely to be intracultivar polymorphisms between our parental Nipponbare line and the reference sequence. Our newly implemented ﬁltering program eﬀectively removed suchvariations and identiﬁed 117 line-speciﬁc mutations,which are likely to be caused by heavy-ion beam irradiations. PCR and sequencing analysis showed thatamong the randomly-chosen 87 loci, 85 had the deﬁned
mutations. These results indicates that the process
for narrowing down the candidates, which was implemented in the pipeline is reasonable and greatly improves the eﬃciency, as conﬁrmed in subsequent experiments. This pipeline is a fundamental resource for
rapid, comprehensive, and cost-eﬀective genome-wide
mutation screening and analysis of rice.

--Fig. 1. A flow chart of the developed bioinformatics
pipeline for exome sequencing datasets

References
1) H. Li and R. Durbin: Bioinformatics 25, 1754–60(2009).
2) A. McKenna et al.: Genome Res. 20, 1297–1303 (2010).
3) K. Ye et al.: Bioinformatics 25, 2865-28-71 (2009).
4) A. R. Quinlan and I. M. Hall: Bioinformatics 26, 841842 (2010).
5) S. Andrews: available from http://www.bioinformatics.
babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc.

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Molecular characterization
characterization of
Molecularof mutations
mutations induced
inducedin
inPLASTOCHRON2
PLASTOCHRON2 byby aa
heavy-ionseedsbeam in dry rice
rice seeds
heavy-ion beam
R. Morita,䠆1 Y. Shirakawa,䠆1 K. Ichinose,䠆1 Y. Hayashi,䠆1 S. Usuda,䠆1 H. Tokairin,䠆1 T. Sato,䠆1,䠆2 and T. Abe䠆1
Rice is one of the most important crop plants and is also an
important model plant, because its entire genome sequence isavailable. In this work, we studied heavy-ion beam induced
mutations in rice plants. Heavy-ion beams have beenrecognized as a useful mutagen for mutation breeding,because they can induce mutations at high rates withrelatively low irradiation doses in plants. For inducing
mutations in rice, we used imbibed seeds or dry seeds. When
imbibed rice seeds were irradiated with ion beams, mutations
could be induced with a relatively low dose of radiation. As aresult, the time for ion-beam irradiation was shorter. The
disadvantage of using imbibed seeds, however, is that theseseeds cannot be used for long as seed germination will occur.
Therefore, we cannot irradiate imbibed rice seeds during aperiod that is not suitable for cultivation of rice plants.
However, when dry rice seeds were used for ion-beamirradiation, we could store the irradiated seeds for long time
periods (at least several months). Therefore, the dry riceseeds could be irradiated even if the machine time fell during
a period unsuitable for cultivation. Previously, we havereported several mutations induced by heavy-ion beamirradiation to imbibed rice seeds 1-3). However, there is no
information in the literature regarding the types of mutations
inuduced by heavy-ion beam irradiation on dry rice seeds. To
reveal the types of mutations induced by heavy-ion beams on
dry rice seeds, we irradiated dry rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.
cv. Nipponbare) with carbon ions (12C6+ ions, 25 Gy, LET:
30 keVȝm-1) in the RIKEN RI-beam factory. We obtained
one plastochron mutant, named 6-279, from the M2
population. The mutant line 6-279 showed a phenotype witha short plastochron. For example, when a wild-type (WT)
plant prouduced its 4th leaf, 6-279 produced its 7th leaf (Fig.
1). It has been reported that the mutants of
PLASTOCHRON1 (PLA1) or PLASTOCHRON2 (PLA2)
genes show similar short plastochron phenotypes 4, 5). A
sequence analysis of both PLA1 and PLA2 genes revealed
that 6-279 showed a 2 bp deletion accompanied by a 1-bp
filler DNA in the first exon of PLA2 gene (Fig. 2). Thesemutaions caused a frameshft in PLA2 gene, resulting apremature stop codon. There was no mutation in the PLA1
gene of this mutant. These results suggest that 6-279 is amutant of PLA2 gene.
In the present study, we identified one mutation inducedby heavy-ion beam irradiation to rice dry seeds. To
characterize the types of mutations induced by heavy-ion
beams on dry rice seeds, it is important to analyze a numberof rice mutants, which is currently in progress.
䠆1㻌

RIKEN Nishina Center

䠆2㻌

Graduate School of Life Science, University of Tohoku- 255 -

Fig. 1 Phenotipic characterization of 6-279 mutant.
6-279 (left) produced its 7th leaf whereas WT plant(right) produced its 4th leaf. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of PLA2 gene. PLA2
gene consists of 6 exons. A 2 bp deletion with a filler
DNA was detected in the first exon of the PLA2 gene.
The deleted 2 bp in 6-279 is shown in red, and thefiller DNA is indicated in blue. The boxes and lines
indicate exons and introns of PLA2 gene, respectively.
The Arrow indicates the direction of the PLA2 gene.

References

1) R. Morita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 212 (2012).
2) S. Kogure et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 213 (2012).
3) S. Kogure et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 260 (2013).
4) J. Itoh et al.: Plant Cell 10, 1511 (1998).
5) T. Kawakatsu et al.: Plant Cell 18, 612 (2006).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Effecton imbibedimbibedseed
seedofofricerice
EffectofofAr-ion
Ar-ion beam
beam irradiation
irradiation on
Y. Hayashi, ＊1 R. Morita, ＊1 K. Ichinose, ＊1 S. Usuda, ＊1 H. Tokairin, ＊1 T. Sato, ＊2 and T. Abe＊1
Linear energy transfer (LET) is an important factor formutation induction by heavy-ion beam irradiation. The
following ions are applicable for irradiation of biologicalsamples at the RIBF: C, N, Ne, Ar, and Fe. The LET valuesof these ions calculated at the surface of the sample are 22.5,
30.0, 61.5, 280.0, and 624.0 keV/µm, respectively. It is
possible to control the LET value by selecting a particularion or using a range shifter of automatic irradiation system1).
It has been reported that high-LET irradiation causes large
deletion or chromosome aberration in Arabidopsis2-4).
Furthermore, our previous study revealed that Ar-ion
irradiation causes larger deletion than C- or Ne-ion
irradiation in rice5). In this study, we estimated the effect ofhigh-LET irradiation on the mutation efficiency in riceusing an Ar-ion beam.
Imbibed seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare)
were exposed to Ar-ions accelerated to 95 MeV/u at the
RIBF. The dose range of the Ar-ion beam (LET 290
keV/µm) was 5 to 20 Gy. The irradiated seeds were sown insoil in pots and grown in a greenhouse. The survival rates
were investigated for two-week old seedlings. We estimatedthe optimum dose for mutation induction from the results ofthe survival rate. The seed fertilities and mutation frequency
were observed in two experiments after irradiation withpre-determined doses. The first experiment was acomparison between doses of 2,5 Gy and 5 Gy. The second
one was a comparison between doses of 5 Gy and 7.5 Gy.
The number of irradiated seeds for each dose was 750.
The seed fertility was evaluated using the percentage offertile seeds per panicle in the first experiment, and using
the number of fertile seeds in one panicle in the second
experiment. The mutation frequency was calculated using
the percentage of M1 lines, which showed chlorophyll
deficient mutants (CDM) in M2 progenies.
The survival rate of M1 seedlings significantly
decreased for doses over 10 Gy (Fig. 1). The growth
inhibition was more severe as the dose increased (Fig. 2).
These results indicate a higher inhibition effect of Ar-ionson growth and survival compared to C-ions6). The effect ofdose on fertility in M1 plants is shown in Fig. 3. The ratio of
M1 plants with low fertility increased as the dose increased.
Nearly 40% of the M1 plants had less than fifty seeds per
panicle at a dose of 7.5 Gy.

The mutation rates obtained with Ar-ion irradiation
were 6.1%-8.7% (Table 1). These results are almost thesame as those of C-ion irradiation (LET:50 keV/µm) with adose of 15 Gy6). Mutation frequency is the most importantfactor for determining the effective condition in
mutagenesis. However, seed fertility is also an importantfactor because sterility is an undesirable trait for breeding.
Furthermore, a low fertility increases the risk of outcross inthe field. Considering the results of both factors, irradiations
with doses of 2.5 Gy and 5.0 Gy is adequate for mutation
breeding using Ar-ions in rice.

Dose (Gy)

7.5

10 12.5 15 17.5 20

Table 1 Effect of Ar-ion irradiation on survival rate andmutation frequency
Dose

Fertile M1

Survival Rate

(Gy)

line

(%)

2.5

686

91.5

42

5

684

91.2

42

6.1
(%)
6.1

5

690

92

49

7.1

7.5

623

83.1

54

8.7

Total CDM

Frequencyof CDM1) 1) H. Ryuto et al., Plant Biotechnol. 25, 119 (2008).
2) T. Hirano et al., Mutat. Res. 735, 19 (2012).
3) Y. Kazama et al., Genes Genet. Syst. 88, 189 (2013).
4) T. Hirano et al., Plant J. 82, 93 (2015).
5) S. Kogure et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 289 (2014).
6) Y. Hayashi et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 285 (2009).

Fig. 1. Effect of Ar-ion irradiation on survival rate.
＊2

5Fig. 3 Effect of dose on seed fertility in M1 plants. The
average seed fertility and fertile seed number in control
Nipponbare were 92% and 108.6, respectively.

References＊10

Fig. 2 Growth condition of M1 seedlings after 2 week.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University- 256 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Relationship between
between early-flowering
early-flowering mutation and LET-Gy combination
combination ofRelationshipofion
einkorn wheat
wheat
beam irradiation in einkorn
ion beam
K. Murai,䠆1 Y. Kazama,䠆2 and T. Abe䠆2
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species
with the genome constitution AABBDD that were derived
from three wild diploid ancestral species: the A genome
from T. urartu, the B genome from Aegilops speltoides oranother species classified in the Sitopsis section, and the D
genome from Ae. tauschii. Therefore, the hexaploid wheat
genome contains triplicated homoeologous genes, andunfortunately, this characteristic increases the difficulty ofscreening for mutants in bread wheat. To avoid thisIn a previous study, we identified four extra
early-flowering mutants, named extra early-flowering1(exe1), exe2, exe3, and exe4, which were headed 30–45
days earlier than the wild-type strain KU104-12). Here we

report our recent study on the relationship between theearly-flowering mutation and the LET-Dose (Gy)combination of ion beam irradiation.

problem, we have chosen to use cultivated diploid
einkorn wheat (T. monococcum) with Am genome,
similar to the A genome in bread wheat, for developing alarge-scale mutant panel1). To avoid the rainy season for
harvesting, early maturing is one of the more important
properties of bread wheat in East Asia, including Japan.
Therefore, we focused on identifying early-floweringmutations in the screening of the mutant panel.

Fig. 1. Appearance of albino plants and early-floweringmutant plants in M2 generation. Percentages (%) of M2 lines
segregating mutant plants are shown in each LET-Gy
combination of ion beam irradiation. Green and red bars
indicate early-flowering mutants and extra early-floweringmutants, respectively.
Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
RIKEN Nishina Center
This work was supported by Council for Science, Technology andInnovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion
Program (SIP), “Technologies for creating next-generation agriculture,
forestry and fisheries”.

䠆1
䠆2

Dry seeds of the diploid einkorn wheat (T. monococcum)strain KU104-1 were irradiated with 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, or
50 Gy of 12C6+ ions with 50, 70, or 80 keV μm-1 LET todetermine the optimal conditions for mutant generations,using the E5 beam line of Ring Cyclotron (RRC) in the
RIKEN RI-beam factory. The germination rate was
examined using the irradiated seeds (called M1 seeds) thatwere sown in wet-paper-containing petri-dishes. 150 seeds(50 seeds with three replications) were tested for each
LET-Gy combination. The germination rate was notaffected by ion beam irradiation. The M1 seedlings wereplanted in the field in October 2013, and the survival ratio
was observed in May 2014 at the heading stage. The
survival ratio was reduced to less than 80 % when LET ofion beam was 70 or 80 keV μm-1. The harvested seeds fromeach individual M1 plant were used to produce the next
generation (M2) lines. 23 - 134 M2 lines (997 lines in total)
for each LET-Gy combination were sown in October 2014
in the fields; ten seeds of each M2 line were sown. The
frequency of lines with albino plant(s) among the ten plants
was determined to assess the comparative mutation ratio ofthe different irradiation conditions. The frequency of albino
plants in the M2 generation was different for different
LET-Gy combinations (Fig. 1). The highest ratio was
observed for the LET50-50Gy treatment condition. The dataof survival ratio suggests that LET50-50Gy treatment was
the optimal condition for einkorn wheat.
In the mutant screening in 2015, we observed
early-flowering mutation within one week and extra
early-flowering mutation before one week, compared withthe wild-type. Fig. 1 shows the percentages of the M2 lines
segregating (extra) early-flowering and mutant plant(s). The
early-flowering mutants were obtained under relatively
moderate treatment conditions with LET50, while extra
early-flowering mutants were obtained under harsher
treatment conditions with LET70. The genes forearly-flowering phenotypes would be good candidates ingenome editing for fine-tuning of heading time in wheat.
References

1) K. Murai et al.: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research B 314. 2013, 59.
2) A. Nishiura et al.: Breeding Science 64. 2014, 213.

- 257 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Improvement ofof DelMapper:
DelMapper: software
software for
Improvementfor deletiondeletion mapping
mapping ofof
non-recombining
regionnon-recombining region
K. Ishii,＊1 Y. Kazama,＊1 T. Ikeda,＊1 and T. Abe＊1
Genetic mapping is usually constructed by calculating
recombination rate as a measure of distance between
genetic markers. However, this method cannot be applied to
the non-recombining region such as sex chromosomes. To
map the DNA markers or genes on the Y chromosome in
Silene latifolia, we have developed new deletion mapping
software, Del Mapper.1) Deletion mapping is an approachfor mapping DNA markers or genes in the non-recombining
region by collecting mutants having deletion on the
mapping region and ordering the markers to have the least
total number of chromosomal breakpoints in all mutants.
DelMapper conducts deletion mapping with a new approachthat boils down seeking the best marker order to solving
traveling salesman problem.
DelMapper calculates the numbers of breakpoints in all
possible permutations of the markers by applying thebranch and bound algorithm. To promote greater efficiency
of calculation, markers are clustered and each cluster istreated as a single virtual marker. When calculating thenumbers of breakpoints in each permutation, DelMapper
adds two virtual markers to the both ends of the mapping
region. One virtual marker represents the essential
chromosomal region that cannot be deleted and is presumed
to be present in all mutants. There are two alternatives forthe other virtual marker. Under the “Del” option, themapping region is assumed to be located on the terminal of
the chromosome and the virtual marker is regarded to bedeleted. Under the “Any” option, the region is assumed to
be located on the intermediate of the chromosome and thepresence/absence of the marker is dependent on that of theneighboring marker. When run with the “Del” option, aprevious version of DelMapper tends to output an increased
number of marker orders with the least number ofbreakpoints. This problem is potentially caused byA

ClusterMarkerMutant1
Mutant2
Mutant3
Mutant4
Mutant5
Mutant6
Total

L
1
1
1
1
1
1

A
B
C
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

concentrated deletions on the specific marker (e.g., marker
B3 in Fig. 1). Such situation can be produced by thecollection of mutants showing the same phenotype. In suchcases, the concentrated deletions are located next to theterminal virtual marker. At the same time, “solitary
deletions” that do not extend beyond the border of clusters
appears due to disjunction of deletions that are to becontinuous (Fig. 1; deletions in clusters B and C in Mutants
3, 5, and 6).
To cope with this problem, we added a routine tocalculate the number of “solitary deletions.” In addition to
the number of breakpoints, DelMapper counts the numberof “solitary deletions” in all given permutations of markers.
Users can adopt the permutation(s) of the markers with theleast number of “solitary deletions” in those with the least
number of breakpoints as the mapping result. As averification of the effects of the routine, we made 30 virtual
maps that consisted of 71 markers, 41 mutants, and 500
instances of deleted markers and had a tendency of biased
deletion on the specific markers by a Perl script
DelMapMaker.1) We tested DelMapper whether it could
reconstruct these maps. DelMapper run with the “Any”
option output an average of 1.3 marker orders with the least
number of “solitary deletions” in those with the least
number of breakpoints regardless of the implementation of
the routine. On the other hand, DelMapper run with the“Del” option output an average of 2.5 marker orders before
the implementation, while after the implementation, it did
an average of 1.3 marker orders, which was the same value
as that with the “Any” option.
In this study, we successfully decreased the number ofthe false-positive best marker orders from the output of
DelMapper with the “Del” option, which enables users to
conduct more clear deletion mapping.

B

R
0
0
0
0
0
0

P
3
3
1
3
1
1
12

S
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ClusterMarkerMutant1
Mutant2
Mutant3
Mutant4
Mutant5
Mutant6
Total

L
1
1
1
1
1
1

C
C2 C3 C1
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 0

A
B
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 R
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0

P
1
1
3
1
3
3
12

S
0
0
2
0
2
2
6

Fig.1 Two examples of the result of DelMapper with the “Del” option. L and R indicate virtual markers representing the endsof the mapping region. “0” and “1” indicate that the markers are absent and present in the corresponding mutant,respectively. P and S indicate the numbers of breakpoints and “solitary deletion,” respectively. The routine calculating“solitary deletions” helps users to determine that the marker order of (A) is more plausible than (B) because of the smaller
number of “solitary deletions” although the numbers of breakpoints are same.
Reference＊11) Y. Kazama and K. Ishii et al.: Sci. Rep. 6, 18917 (2016).

RIKEN Nishina Center - 258 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

newphysicalphysical mapping
mapping of the Silene latifolia Y chromosome
AAnew
chromosome† †Y. Kazama,*1 K. Ishii,*1 W. Aonuma,*2 T. Ikeda,*1 H. Kawamoto,*2 A. Koizumi,*2 D.A. Filatov,*3 M.V. Chibalina,*3
R. Bergero,*4 D. Charlesworth,*4 T. Abe,*1 and S. Kawano*2
The majority of angiosperms are hermaphrodites and only
6% are dioecious (with separate males and females); some ofthese plants have sex chromosomes. Plant sex chromosomes
are excellent for studying the early stages of sex chromosome
evolution because they have evolved independently in
different species, more recently than in animals.
Dioecious plants have sex-determining systems that arethought to involve two different genes, a stamen promoting
gene and a pistil-suppressing gene. The dioecious plant,
Silene latifolia, has such two sex determining genes on the Y
chromosome (gynoecium-suppressing function; GSF, andstamen-promoting function; SPF). These sex-determining
genes have not yet been identified, and their evolution has
not yet been studied. Maps of the genes on the X and Y
chromosomes are needed to identify Y-linked sexdetermining genes, compare gene orders in the X and Y, anddetermine whether the Y has lost regions present on the X
chromosome. However, most of the Y chromosome is nonrecombining, making genetic mapping impossible. Mapping
Y-chromosome deletion mutants is therefore the only way to
map the Y chromosome. Previous Y chromosome maps 1), 2)
used small numbers of markers. We developed a new S.
latifolia Y map with more markers to achieve high reliability
and developed a new deletion mapping software tool,
DelMapper.
We collected 41 mutants with Y-chromosome deletions
from progeny plants derived from seeds or pollen irradiatedby carbon-ion beams or γ-rays as described previously.3) The
mutants include 15 hermaphrodites, one female-like mutant,
10 asexuals, 14 mutants with non-maturing anthers, and one
male plant. These mutants were genotyped for thepresence/absence of deletions at 71 Y-linked markers by
PCR amplification (STS-markers). Hermaphroditic mutants
must have deletions of the GSF, while asexual mutants havelost the SPF. Our use of numerous genic markers improves
our ability to locate the GSF and SPF regions in comparison
with the use of non-genic markers.
To find the marker order, DelMapper obtains the best fit to
the data by solving a “Travelling Salesman problem”,
minimizing the number of chromosome breaks required.
Minimization of the chromosome breaks is a standard
approach for deletion mapping, and the novelty of our
method is that it can deal with many markers. We verified
this approach by testing DelMapper using simulated datasets†

Condensed from the article in Scientific Rep. 5, 18917 (2016)
RIKEN Nishina Center*2
Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,
The University of Tokyo*3
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford*4
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh*1- 259 -

with known gene orders. The
accuracy of DelMapper depends
strongly on the number of individuals
with mutant phenotypes, and on the
total number of deletions in thedataset, but the number of markers
used is less important. Our
simulations allow us to determine theaccuracy of maps made using
DelMapper.
The analyzed data included 442
instances of deleted markers amongthe 41 mutants. Based on our
simulations, the accuracy of a map
based on such a dataset is expected to
be 90%. Our new Y-chromosome
map infers that markers MK17 and
ScQ14 are the closest to the GSF and
SPF genes, respectively,1),2) and it
locates both of them on the putative parm (the chromosome arm that does
not include the pseudo autosomal
region (PAR): see Fig. 1). We locate
GSF between MK17 and genic
contig20685Y, in an interior region of
the p arm. SPF is located between
ScQ14 and the genic contig 03376Y.
This new map with these added genic
markers provides improved ability tolocate the GSF and SPF regions, incomparison with the previous maps.
Our new map will greatly facilitate
the isolation of sex-determining
factors and will be instrumental inother research focusing on sex
chromosomes.
Fig.1 The new S. latifolia Y map.
Markers indicated by bars areclosely linked and their orders were
not determined.

References

1) S. Lebel-Hardenack et al., Genetics 160, 717 (2002).
2) J. Zluvova et al., Genetics 170, 1431 (2005).
3) N. Fujita et al., G3 (Bethesda) 2, 271 (2012).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sexualreproduction
reproduction observed
observed in
Sexualin thethe loss-of-apomixis
loss-of-apomixismutants
mutants ofof guineagrass
guineagrass
induced by heavy-ion beam
beam irradiationinducedirradiation
M. Takahara,＊1 R. Morita,＊2 Y. Kazama,＊2 T. Abe,＊2 T. Takamizo,＊1 and H. Nakagawa＊1, ＊3
Apomixis, an asexual mode of reproduction, provides amethod for reproducing clonal plants through the seed. By
using apomixis in the breeding program, we can develop a
new efficient method for fixing desirable genotypes of F1
hybrids and simplifying commercial seed production.
Therefore, we aimed to isolate the gene(s) controlling
apomixis from a tropical forage grass, guineagrass(Panicum maximum Jacq.). In a previous study, we found
two mutant lines (SM-1 and SM-2) that were suggested tohave lost the apomictic pathway of reproduction and to
propagate using the sexual mode of reproduction.1), 2) In thepresent study, we analyzed the mode of reproduction ofthese loss-of-apomixis mutants with two methods: theprogeny test using amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) patterns and embryo sac analysis. The results
showed that they lost the apomictic mode of reproduction.
The M1 plants of SM-1 and SM-2 were generated fromthe dry seeds of an apomictic cultivar “Natsukaze”
irradiated with 20Ne10+ (63 keV/μm) ions at 200 Gy andwith 56Fe24+ (624 keV/μm) ions at 20 Gy, respectively.1)
Forty M2 plants of each line were grown in a field. DNA
from the leaves of each M2 plant was extracted andanalyzed using the AFLP method. For the embryo sacanalysis, inflorescences at anthesis were fixed in Farmer’s
fixative (100% ethanol:acetic acid = 3:1), and thendehydrated and cleared as described previously.3) The
cleared pistils were observed with a differential interference
contrast microscope (Nomarski).
The AFLP patterns of 40 M2 plants are shown in Fig.1. Incase of the apomictic cultivar “Natsukaze”, the AFLP
results show the same pattern among progenies. In contrast,
all the AFLP patterns of M2 plants of both SM-1 and SM-2
were different from each other. This result suggested thatSM-1 and SM-2 propagated with the sexual mode of
reproduction.
To confirm the sexual mode of reproduction of SM-1 andSM-2, embryo sac analysis was performed. In the case ofguineagrass, an apomictic embryo sac has four nuclei (anegg, two synergids, and a polar nucleus; Fig. 2A), while asexual embryo sac has eight nuclei (an egg, two synergids,
two polar, and three antipodal cells’ nuclei; Fig. 2B). The
most clear differences between the sexual and apomictic
embryo sacs are whether antipodal cells are formed or not,and whether the number of polar nuclei is two or one. 3) In
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.

the embryo sac analysis of SM-1 and SM-2, we observed a
few sexual embryo sacs (Fig. 2B), many aborted embryosacs (Fig. 2C), and no apomictic embryo sac in each line.
These results suggested that they lost the apomictic pathwayof reproduction.
Our previous results suggested that the deleted region in
the loss-of-apomixis mutants were relatively small.2) We are
currently searching for the genes located within thesedeletion regions.

Fig. 1. AFLP patterns of M2 plants in the sexual mutant line
SM-2. (A) The AFLP pattern of “Natsukaze” detected by the
ABI 3130xl capillary sequencer (as a reference). Red
arrowheads indicate the loci that are polymorphic among M2
plants. (B) Schematic presentation of AFLP patterns of M2
plants in SM-2. White box shows the presence of the peak, andgray box shows the absence of the peak. Similar results havebeen obtained for SM-1 (not shown).

Fig. 2. Typical embryo sacs in guineagrass. (A) Apomictic
embryo sac observed in “Natsukaze” (apomictic cultivar). (Band C) Sexual embryo sac (B) and aborted ovule (C) observedin the loss-of-apomixis mutants. a, antipodal cell; e, egg cell;p, polar nuclei. Synergid cells are small and difficult toobserve in both types.3) Bar = 200 µm.

＊1＊2References

1) M. Takahara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 263 (2013).
2) M. Takahara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, 294 (2014).
3) H. Nakagawa: JARQ 24, 163-168 (1990).

- 260 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Induction ofof flower
flower color
color mutants by
Inductionby heavy-ion
heavy-ion irradiation
irradiation
to leaf blades of spray-mum ‘Southern‘Southern Chelsea’
Y. Tanokashira,＊1 M. Tamari,＊1 S. Nagayoshi,＊1 Y. Hayashi,＊2 T. Hirano,＊2＊3 and T. Abe＊2
Heavy-ion beam irradiation effectively induces mutations
and has been used in plant breeding1). Ar-ion beamirradiation is expected to provide a different spectrum of
mutant phenotypes from the C-ion irradiation due to theirdifferent LET values. Therefore, we irradiatedChrysanthemum tissue with an Ar-ion beam in order toobtain flower color mutants. We previously reported theinduction of flower color mutants by Ar-ion irradiation to
cuttings of spray-mum ‘Southern Chelsea’, which wasdeveloped by Kagoshima Prefecture2). In addition, we
reported the effects of Ar-ion beam irradiation on theregeneration of leaf blades3). Here, we report the inductionof flower color mutants by leaf blades irradiation.
Leaf blades of the spray-mum cultivar ‘Southern
Chelsea’, having pink flowers, were irradiated with an
Ar-ion beam (LET: 310 keV/μm) at doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1,
2, and 3 Gy, and a C-ion beam (LET: 23 keV/μm) at doses
of 1, 2, and 3 Gy. After irradiation, these tissues were
cultured in vitro. Adventitiously regenerated buds were cut
and grown to plantlets in vitro and they were transferred toa greenhouse to investigate the occurrence of flower color
mutations.
Twenty plants among 1,716 irradiated regenerants
showed flower color mutation [Table 1] The regenerants
were white, light pink, deep pink, light reddish yellow, andorange, suggesting that increase, decrease, disappearance ofanthocyanin and the increase of carotenoid were induced inthese mutants, respectively [Table 1].

These results were the same as those obtained by irradiation
to cuttings with a C-ion beam. The mutation rates in flower
color changes with Ar-ion beam irradiation were 0.5-2.6%
at 0.1-1 Gy, and those with C-ion were 0.8-1.4% at 1-3 Gy[Table 1]. Irradiation to cuttings could cause simultaneous
mutation in both anthocyanin and carotenoid content andyellow flower mutants were obtained2). However,
irradiation to leaf blades could not cause the simultaneous
mutation in the anthocyanin and carotenoid content in thisexamination. Some mutants also showed flower-shapevariation by Ar-ion beam irradiation [Figure 1]. Relative
regeneration rate decreased to less than 10% under Ar-ion
irradiation at doses of 2 Gy, and no flower color mutants
were obtained at these doses. All of the regenerated plants
irradiated with Ar-ion beam showed less growth than non
irradiated control plants.
Ar-ion beam irradiation to leaf blades is not thought to besuitable for practical breeding in ‘Southern Chelsea’
because its regeneration rate and mutation rates are lower
than that of cuttings in flower color. Currently, we areinvestigating the stability of flower color of the mutants
derived from Ar-ion irradiation.
This work was supported by the Council for Science,
Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial
Strategic
Innovation
Promotion
Program(SIP),“ Technologies for creating next-generation agriculture,
forestry and fisheries ” (funding agency: Bio-oriented
Technology Research Advancement Institution , NARO).

Table 1. Flower color mutation induced by heavy-ion beamirradiation.

Fig.1 Spectrum of mutant phenotypes. ( A,B,C,D ) Mutants
showing different flower shapes. Bars = 5cm.
References
1) T. Abe et al., Breed. Res.16, 67 (2014).
2) Y. Tanokashira et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.47, 297 (2014).
3) Y. Tanokashira et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.48, 306 (2015).

Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
University of Miyazaki＊1＊2- 261 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Production of
Productionof mutant line with early flowering
flowering at
at a low
low temperaturetemperature ininspray-typeby C-ion
C-ion beam
beamirradiation
irradiation
chrysanthemum cultivar
cultivar induced
induced byspray-typechrysanthemum
K. Sakamoto,䠆1 Y. Takatori,䠆1 R. Chiwata,䠆2 T. Matsumura,䠆1 K. Tsukiashi,䠆1 Y. Hayashi,䠆3 and T. Abe䠆3
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) is one of
the major cut flowers. Saga Prefecture has developed 5
original cultivars of spray-type chrysanthemum bycrossbreeding in 2011. However, the white-flower cultivar‘Saga SK3’ showed delayed flowering under a lowtemperature. Recently, heavy-ion beam irradiation wasreported as an effective method for breeding
chrysanthemum with early flowering at a low temperature1).
Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop earlyflowering mutants of ‘Saga SK3’ by heavy-ion beamirradiation and selected an earlier-flowering mutant line.
In 2012, 6-cm-long cuttings without leaves of ‘Saga
SK3’ were irradiated with C-ion beams (LET 22.6 keV/μm)
at doses of 3 and 6 Gy. After irradiation, these cuttings were
cultured in cell trays for rooting in a greenhouse. The
survival rates of irradiated plants were all 100% (Table 1).
The terminal buds of the cuttings were pinched off, and newshoots were allowed to grow from the axillary buds. This
procedure was repeated twice or thrice for isolating
chimeric structures. Then, shoots elongated after pinchingwere planted in a greenhouse, and these plants were grownin the January flowering cropping system in 2013 under low
temperature controlled at a minimum of 13Υ. ‘Saga SK3’
flowered 63 days after lighting stop. Individual selections
from these plants flowered until 56 days after lighting stopby the standard method in Saga Prefecture. We found that 9
individuals flowered until 56 days after lighting stop fromthe 464 plants obtained after 6-Gy irradiation (Table 1), andwe selected 5 individuals from them. On the other hand, noplant flowered until 56 days after lighting stop at a dose of 3
Gy. These results suggest that the minimum effective doseof C-ion beam irradiation using cuttings in chrysanthemum
for inducing early-flowering mutation is more than 3 Gy.
In 2014 and 2015, we planted each line in a greenhouse forline selection. In 2014, we planted the 5 lines in the
February flowering cropping system under low temperature
controlled at a minimum of 12Υ. Although ‘Saga SK3’
flowered 92 days after lighting stop, we selected two linesthat had flowering dates earlier by 32 and 37 days comparedto that of ‘Saga SK3’. In 2015, we selected one line,
24-SK3-i6-4, from the two lines in the March flowering
cropping system under low temperature controlled at aminimum of 13Υ. The flowering date of this line was 7days earlier than that of ‘Saga SK3’ (Table 2, Fig. 1).
Furthermore, this line was almost not different from ‘Saga
SK3’ in terms of the flower size, petal color, and plantheight (Table 2, Fig. 2).
As a result, we selected one suitable early-floweringmutant line, 24-SK3-i6-4, which seems to retain the original
flower characteristics of ‘Saga SK3’ after 6-Gy irradiation
with C-ion beams. We are planning to investigate thecharacteristics of the mutant line further for commercial
production in our prefecture.

z

Table 1. Effects of C-ion beam irradiation on induction of early-flowering mutation .

z

Beam
dose
㸦Gy㸧

No. ofcuttings
irradiated

0
3
6

20
60
60

No. offlowering

Survival rate No. of plants(%)
investigated
100
100
100

plants30489
464

No. of earlyfloweringymutants

24
271
271

x

No. ofselected
plants0095Planting date: 2012/10/24. Lighting stop date: 2012/12/5. Minimum temperature controlled at 13Υ.

yNo. of plants flowered until 70 days after lighting stop.

x

No. of plants flowered until 56 days after lighting stop.

Saga SK3
24-SK3-i6-4
Fig. 1. Photographs of original cultivar ‘Saga
SK3’ and selected line, 24-SK3-i6-4, on 23 Mar.
in 2015.

z

Table 2. Characteristics of selected line in March flowering croping system in 2015 .
Line orcultivar

FloweringdateDays toflowering inshort days

Plant height(cm)

Weight of
85 cm cutflower(g)

24-SK3-i6-4

Mar. 2356

119.7 ± 1.0

y92.7 ± 12.1

18.3 ± 2.8

Saga SK3

Mar. 3063

106.4 ± 1.6

83.6 ± 7.1

15.6 ± 1.7

Number offlowersz

Planting date: 2014/11/21. Lighting stop date: 2015/1/26. Minimum temperature controlled at 13Υ.

yMean ± SE

Saga Prefectural Agriculture Research Center
䠆2
Saga Prefectural Higashimatsuura Agriculture Extention Center
䠆3
RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆1

Reference

Saga SK3
24-SK3-i6-4
Fig. 2. Flower of ‘Saga SK3’ and selected line,
24-SK3-i6-4.

1) Ueno et al., Hort. Res. (Japan) 12, 245 (2013).

- 262 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Agronomic characteristics
characteristics ofAgronomic
of new
new edibleedible chrysanthemum
chrysanthemumcultivar
cultivar‘Yamaen‘YamaenK4’
K4’
inducedinduced by heavy-ion beam irradiation
irradiation
S. Endo,*1 Y. Saito, *1 A. Abe,*1 and T. Abe*2
Boiled petals of chrysanthemum are a traditional food in
Tohoku district and Niigata prefecture. The edible flower
cultivars (Shokuyou-giku) were converted from ornamental
cultivars with sweetness and a little bitterness. In recent
times, edible chrysanthemum has been widely used as acolor decoration in Japanese food. The edible petals ofchrysanthemum are classified into purple petals and yellow
petals. The former type is shipped in autumn as a seasonal
product, while the latter is shipped nearly throughout theyear. The amount of production of edible chrysanthemum inYamagata prefecture is the largest in Japan. In Yamagata,edible chrysanthemum is successively shipped in
combination with some other cultivars. However, the mainyellow flower cultivar ‘Kotobuki’ shows a trend of
reduction in shipment quantity and deterioration in quality
due to the smaller flower size from late September. Thus, anincrease in shipment quantity is required in the off-season
month of October. Therefore, we developed new yellow
edible chrysanthemum, ‘Yamaen K4’, harvested from the
middle of October to the middle of November by mutation
breeding using heavy-ion beam irradiation.
In 2006, petals of yellow flower cultivar ‘Etenraku’ (bredusing somaclonal variation of ‘Kotobuki’ in Yamagata
prefecture 1)) were picked and sterilized. Subsequently,
petals were cut into approximately 1-cm squares andcultured on MS medium containing 5 mg/l BA and 5 mg/l
NAA. Then, they were irradiated with a 12C6+ ion beam(135 MeV/nucleon, LET 22.6 keV/µm) at 10 Gy at the
RIKEN RI-beam factory. Irradiated samples had been
incubated at 25oC in 68.9 μmol m-2 s-1 (PPFD) with 16 h day
length for some time, and redifferentiated shoots weretransplanted on an MS medium for plant elongation androoting. Rooted plants were transferred to pots andacclimated to the outside air environment. In 2007, cutting
seedlings made from 859 individual lines were planted intoa greenhouse in November. These plants were evaluatedduring 2008-2011, and they had showed some mutation of
the flowering period (Table 1), flower configuration, andother agronomic characteristics. Finally, one mutant line
was selected in 2011. After it passed the field test, it wasapplied for seed and seedling registration in February 2015
and published for application in July as ‘Yamaen K4’.
The flowering period of ‘Yamaen K4’ was from October
to November and was different from that of the original
cultivar, ‘Etenraku’, the flowering period of which is fromJ u l y t o S ep t e m b er. T he h a r v e s t i n g p er io d wa s
approximately 2-3 weeks from the middle ofOctober to the

middle of November regardless of planting date and year
(Table 2). Flower head diameters were approximately 80-90
mm in the early profit stage, and these values are slightly
less than those of ‘Etenraku’. However, the average flower
head weight during the harvesting period is the same as thatof ‘Etenraku’, and it depends on the small reduction in theflower head diameter of ‘Yamaen K4’. The main color of
the inner side of the ray floret is 7B or 7C (reference
number of RHS Color Chart), that of the outer side is 7D or
8A, and all values are higher than the corresponding valuesfor ‘Etenraku’ (Fig. 1, Table 3). The ray floret type isspatulate and incurved, and the ratio of the former type isgreater than that for ‘Etenraku’. The total number of ray
florets in the flower head is the same as for ‘Etenraku’. In
2010, the yield per stock was 2,429 g at the 7 May planting
and 1,765 g at the 6 June planting, which indicate that theearly planting yield tendency is as high as the late planting
yield. However, planting before the beginning of June
makes it difficult to harvest and control because the plantheight increases beyond 110 cm. In 2011, it was easier tohandle because the plant height was 86 cm in the case ofplanting at 27 June, and the yield per stock at that time was
1,569 g (Table 2). The tasting evaluation of ‘Yamaen K4’
was good and almost the same as for ‘Etenraku’ .
Table 1. Mutation of flowering date using heavy-ion beam irradiation
Amount of individuals (%)
z

z

Early
5 (0.6)Equivalent
218 (25.4)zLate
477 (55.5)y

Not yet flowering
159 (18.5)

Total
859

z ; Early ; flowering 2 weeks before from original, Late ; flowering 2 weeks after from original, Equivalent ; other,y ; Containing decreased growth and dead individuals

A

B
Fig. 1. Flower head of ‘Yamaen K4’ (A) and5 cm

original cultivar‘Etenraku’ (B)Table 2. Characteristics of ‘Yamaen K4’ and standard cultivar (2011)
Harvest date
Plant
Marketable yield per
PlantingheightCultivar
Number of
Weightdate
Earliest Latest(g)(cm)z flower head
Yamaen K4 14 Oct. 14 Nov. 110
598
1,794
6 Jun. Etenraku
12 Aug. 14 Nov. 56
413
1,188
Kotobuki
29 Aug. 21 Nov. 88
640
1,593
Yamaen K4 14 Oct. 14 Nov. 95
376
1,442
16 Jun. Etenraku
12 Aug. 21 Nov. 50
367
1,132
Kotobuki
12 Sep. 7 Nov. 89
573
1,589
Yamaen K4 17 Oct. 14 Nov. 86
396
1,569
27 Jun. Etenraku
1 Sep. 14 Nov. 47
188597
Kotobuki
26 Sep. 25 Oct. 77
361
1,116
z : M ean (n=5) , y : M ean in early stage of harvest period (n=30)

Weight per
Marketableflower head (g)
3.0
2.9
2.5
3.8
3.1
2.8
4.0
3.2
3.1

Table 3. Flower head morphology of ‘Yamaen K4’ and original cultivar (2013)z
Flower head
Number of Main color of ray floretx
Ray floret
Cultivarz
Number Typey disc floretz
Inner
Outer
diameter (mm)Yamaen K4
87
215
3,2
30
7C
7D
Etenraku
91
220
2,3
17
7D
5D

*1

Horticultural Experiment Station of Yamagata Integrated Agricultural
Research Center*2
RIKEN Nishina Center- 263 -

z : M ean in the early stage of harvest period (n=20), y : 1;ligulate, 2;incurved, 3;spatulate, 4;guilled, 5;funnel shaped,
x : Reference number of RHS Color Chart (Japan garden plants standard color chart)

Reference

1) Hirono et al., Breed. Res. 1 (suppl. 2). 323, (1999). (inJapanese)Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

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mutants induced
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EURNHQSRLQWⅢ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

5REXVWVWUDLQVLVRODWHGE\KHDY\LRQEHDPLUUDGLDWLRQDQGHQGXUDQFH
Robuststrains isolated by heavy-ion beam irradiation and endurance
screeningin the green algae, Haematococcus
pluvialis
+DHPDWRFRFFXVSOXYLDOLVVFUHHQLQJLQWKHJUHHQDOJDH
T. Takeshita,*1 K. Takita,*1 S. Ota,*1,*2 T. Yamazaki,*1,*2 Y. Kazama,*3 T. Abe,*3 and S. Kawano*1,*2

EƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐ

ŽƐĞ ;'ǇͿ

Fig. 1. Sensitivity testing with the heavy-ion beam.
Following heavy-ion beam irradiation of H. pluvials witheach dose of the C ion (ż), Ar ion (Ɣ) and Fe ion (Ƒ), 3,000
cells from each culture were inoculated on an agar plate(n=4 or 5).
Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier
Sciences, University of Tokyo䠆2
JST, CREST.
䠆3
RIKEN Nishina Center

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Haematococcus pluvialis is an egg-shaped or spherical
unicellular green microalga ranging from 20-50 ȝm indiameter, belonging to the green algal genus Volvocales(Chlorophyceae). After endospore formation, the alga
releases zoospores with two flagellars that grow andbecome the nonmotile palmela cell. The green cell becomesa cyst following exposure to an environmental stress factor
such as strong light or low nutrients, and accumulates
astaxanthin, which exerts a strong antioxidative effect, inthe cell1). If it is possible to obtain a strain with hightolerance to environmental stress (i.e., a robust strain), it
seems that the percentage of cell death is decreased, and itis therefore possible to improve productivity. In this study,
we attempted to isolate robust strains of H. pluvialis using
heavy-ion beam irradiation and endurance screening.
Heavy-ion beams of carbon (C), argon (Ar) or iron (Fe)were irradiated on H. pluvialis at various doses (C: 0̽200
Gy; Ar: 0̽100 Gy; Fe: 0̽75 Gy), and the number of colony
forming units was counted (Fig. 1). The LETs were 22.5
keV/ȝm, 309 keV/ȝm, and 790 keV/ȝm, for C, Ar, and Fe,
respectively; thus, the number of colonies formed changedin the order of LETs in H. pluvialis, and the overkill
reported with Arabidopsis did not occur 2).
The cell culture irradiated with the heavy-ion beam ofeach ion species and dose was inoculated on an agar plate(Fig. 1). To isolate robust strains, the plates were subjected
to endurance screening, which included incubation for 3-12
months until the nutrient medium dried up. Most of the cells
were died to emit white fluorescence under UV irradiation.

Đ

Ğ

Ő

ŝ

Ě

Ĩ

Ś

ũ

Fig. 2. Microscopic observation (A) and number of living
cells (B) in robust strains. WT (a, b), G4 (c, d), G7 (e, f), R1(g, h), R6 (i, j) in A. Number of living cells (total cell no. ×survival rate) in B. Dead cells are stained with Evans blueand emit the white fluorescence under UV irradiation.
After selecting robust strains that were still alive as the redor green cells from dead cells emitting white fluorescencethrough the use of microscopic observation, they were
cultivated with continuous light, and each set of 10 strains
maintained a red or a green character. The red strain is acandidate for high astaxanthin accumulation and the green
strain is a candidate for high proliferation with chlorophylls.
The culture scale was increased to the BBM liquid medium
in 100-mL flasks under continuous light (125 μmol
photons·m-2·s-1), and sodium acetate solution (final
concentration: 45 mM) was added to induce astaxanthin
accumulation. The survival rate of the wild type strain(WT1-3) at 7 days post-inoculation was 0-6.2% under these
conditions (Fig. 2Aa,b and B). The number of living cells,
as determined by cell count, and survival rate were high in
G4 (91.8%), G7 (74.9%), R1 (47.2%), and R6 (61.7%) (Fig.
2Ac̽h and B). Isolates G4, G7, R1, and R6 indicated highchlorophyll and carotenoid production rates, and G7 and R1
showed conspicuously high carotenoid production (data notshown).
The heavy-ion beams irradiated into the four robust
strains were the Ar ion beam at 25 Gy, and C ion beam at
100 Gy. Under these irradiation conditions, approximately
200 colonies formed on an agar plate (Fig. . It is thoughtthat the irradiation conditions are suitable for the variant
construction of H. pluvialis.
This study was supported by JST, CREST (to SK).

䠆1

- 265 -

References
1) Wayama et al., Plos One 8(1), e53618 (2013).
2) Kazama et al., Plant Biotechnol. 25(1), 113-117 (2008).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Particle beam radiation of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma
matsutake that produces the prized, but uncultivable, mushroom “matsutake”
H. Murata,∗1 T. Abe,∗2 H. Ichida,∗2 Y. Hayashi,∗2 T. Shimokawa,∗1 H. Neda,∗1 T. Yamanaka,∗1
M. Sunagawa,∗1 and A. Ohta∗3
Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that produces the economically important edible mushroom “matsutake” in association with
Pinaceae plants. The annual, worldwide yield of matsutake is estimated to be 2,000 t, which represents a
total retail value of over US$500 million. In Japan,
the annual yield of matsutake in the past decade
ranged from 50 to 150 t per year, which is much lower
than previous annual yields, which reached 12,000 t in
1941. Such a concerning downward trend in the matsutake yield has also occurred elsewhere, including inSouth Korea, the northeastern provinces of China, andBhutan.
Mushrooms are fruiting bodies (i.e., the sexual reproductive stage) that contain a tremendous amount ofbasidiospores. In general, homokaryotic basidiosporesare produced after meiosis in dikaryotic hyphae, which
result from mating between two monokaryotic hyphae, or between monokaryotic and dikaryotic ones1,2) .
While some ectomycorrhizal mushrooms that are regarded as early colonizers frequently propagate andexpand their colonies through spore dispersal, thereby
heavily relying on sexual reproduction, and spread
elsewhere, those regarded as late colonizers, such as
T. matsutake, expand their colonies through vegetative hyphal growth, thereby persisting in a preexisting area. However, it has been proven recently thatlate colonizers also require spore dispersal, thus making them genetically mosaic3) .
Currently, no method is available to cultivate T.
matsutake to produce fruiting bodies, although methods for artiﬁcial mycorrhization and shiro formation
have been established in vitro. In fact, in axenic invitro culture systems, T. matsutake associates with abroad range of tree species, including those that naturally harbor arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, albeit via
a root endophytic association, as well as with Betula platyphylla, a deciduous broad-leaved tree thatshares the same habitat as Pinus densiflora and Tsuga
sieboldii 4) . The most important issue in matsutake
cultivation may be the lack of any suitable cultivars.
There is a precedent for developing cultivars of fungithat are diﬃcult to cultivate, as the ectomycorrhizal
mushroom Lyophyllum shimeji is now commerciallycultivated to produce the prizedstrains from naturethat grow well in a barley-based spawn. Such L.
shimeji strains were further bred to generate cultivars
∗1
∗2
∗3

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
RIKEN Nishina Center
Shiga Forest Research Center- 266 -

that were suitable for large-scale mushroom production5) . Therefore, the creation of strains that are suitable for fruiting, or even spawning like L. shimeji, is a
key factor for the artiﬁcial cultivation of matsutake.
In the present study, we determined whether heavy
particle beams could be used to isolate T. matsutake
mutants. Because we previously obtained some mutants whose traits may be desirable for spawn cultivation and which exhibited a survival rate of ca. 30%
following gamma-ray irradiation (500 Gy), we used Arand Fe-ions at radiation doses ranging from 0 to 500
Gy. Of these heavy ion beams, Ar irradiation (400–500Gy) resulted in a survival rate of 12%, while Fe irradiation (large particles, 100–300 Gy) resulted in a survival
rate of ca. 65%; following irradiation, some mutants
exhibited abnormal mycelial morphologies on an agar
plate at the ﬁrst screening (Fig. 1). However, suchmutant phenotypes reverted to the wild-type during
the second screening. This phenomenon may be attributed to the fact that we picked a piece of mycelia,rather than a single hypha, wherein the survivor withthe wild-type phenotype was mixed with, and eventually overtook, the mutant mycelia. Another issue isthat the T. matsutake hypha is composed of multinucleated cells, and even a monokaryon isolated from asingle spore becomes multinucleated during vegetative
growth6) . Therefore, we conclude that irradiation withheavy particle beams is useful for developing cultivars
for matsutake fruiting, although some issues regarding
how to obtain stable mutants need to be addressed.

Fig. 1. A putative mutant generated by Fe-ion radiation(300 Gy: left) that generates a large amount of aerial
hypae unlike the wild-type (right)

References
1) K. Babasaki et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 76, 100(2003).
2) J. Heitman et al., Sex in fungi, ASM Press (2007).
3) H. Murata et al., Mycorrhiza 15, 505 (2005).
4) H. Murata et al., Mycorrhiza 25, 237 (2015).
5) A. Ohta, Mycoscience 35, 147 (1994).
6) H. Murata et al., Mycoscience 56, 287 (2015).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Microbeam divergence
divergence fromfrom glass capillaries
capillaries compared
Microbeamcomparedwith
withsimulation
simulationforforbiologicaluse
biological use
T. Ikeda,＊1 R. J. Bereczky,＊1 T. Kobayashi,＊1 Y. Sakai,＊2 and T. Abe＊1
Heavy-ion beam irradiation at relatively low doses
induces mutations at a high rate without severely inhibiting
growth. As DNA, which is relevant to mutation, is localized
in a cell, micrometer-sized beams should be used toirradiatetheDNAeffectively.
Whenamegaelectronvolt-energy ion beam is transmitted through atapered glass capillary with a micrometer-sized outlet, theextracted beam can be utilized as an ion microbeam for cellirradiation 1). The capillary is closed by a thin end-windowat the outlet to maintain the inner vacuum so that the outlet
can be close to the target cells in water solution. In the caseof thinner capillaries (order of 1 m), the divergence of thetransmitted beam has been investigated. However, larger
outlets (10 m or more) with end-windows need further
study because the probability of mishitting the neighboring
cells due to larger lateral momentum components of ionsshould be determined before experiments.
In our experiment, He2+ ions with an energy of 4.5 MeV
from the Pelletron accelerator at RIKEN were used andtransmitted through capillaries with different outlet
diameters of the order of 10 m, where the inlet diameterand the length were 800 m and ~5 cm, respectively. The
beam profile was obtained with pieces of a plastic tracking
detector, CR-39, in air 6 mm downstream of the capillary
and then compared with simulated data using SRIM
(TRIM) code. The distance between the capillary outlet andthe target was determined so that the ion hit points are
sufficiently separated from each other to be observed by amicroscope with good statistics. The beam divergenceinside the capillary is parameterized in the simulation,
where ions start at the upstream side surface of theend-window with a homogeneous distribution for initial
positions and with a distribution of lateral momentum
components expressed by a single parameter,  , thestandard deviation of a Gaussian distribution. Most of theexperimental hit point distributions on the CR-39 pieces arewell reproduced even when single was selected properly.
In this case, a difference in of 0.1o reflects a large change
in chi-square for the comparison 2). However, some of thecapillaries showed more out-going events. This fact implies
the divergence inside the capillary may havemulti-parameter ’s. This idea has been reported by
Hasegawa et al. 3), who introduced a ‘core’ component aswell as a ‘halo’ component. Figure 1 shows the hit point
distributions of the experimental and simulated results as afunction of the distance between a hit point and the beamaxis (or the weighted center for experiments), r in
micrometers. As a trial,  of 1.35o for Fig.1(a) and  of＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Toho University- 267 -

3.00o for (b) were selected after a rough scan in . Bothplots do not show an agreement between the experimental
and simulated data. Figure 1(c) shows that simulated data oflinear combination (a) ×1 + (b) ×0.32 reproduce theexperimental spectrum, where the coefficient of the
combination was obtained by chi-square fitting. It showsthat more than one component of the beam spread during
the transmission is needed. In order to reduce the halocomponent, how and what amount of such events isgenerated and what shape of the capillary is best should be
investigated. We have started a realistic GEANT4
simulation that allows us to install the complicated capillary
shape 4). Figure 1(d) shows a typical event display with acapillary outlet size of 20 m and end-window of 3 mT.
After the installation of the measured capillary, a simulation
with not only parallel incoming beams but also
spread/focused beams adjusted by a Q-magnet upstream of
the capillary is scheduled.

Fig. 1. Comparison between experimental (green) andsimulated (purple) spectra. The experimental spectra are thesame through (a)-(c). The heights of the spectra for thesimulated results in (a) and (c) are normalized so that thepeak heights are similar to those of the experimental results.
The normalization factor for (b) is the same as that for (a).
(d) A typical event display of GEANT4 for the trajectories
of He2+ with 4.5 MeV stopping (at yellow points) in water
solution.
References

1) R. J. Bereczky et al.: Abstract of 12th Int. Workshop on
Microbeam Probes of Cellular Radiation Response, Fukui,Japan, (2015), p. 74.
2) R. J. Bereczky et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 316 (2015).
3) J. Hasegawa et al., J. Appl. Phys. 110, 044913 (2011).
4) T. Ikeda et al., Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 859 (2011).

IV. OPERATION RECORDS

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Program Advisory Committee meetings
for nuclear physics and for materials and life experiments
K. Yoneda, ∗1 K. Ishida, ∗1 H. Yamazaki, ∗1 N. Imai, ∗2 Y. Watanabe, ∗3 K. Yako, ∗2
H. Miyatake, ∗3 H. Ueno, ∗1 and H. Sakai∗1
The Program Advisory Committees (PAC) is incharge of reviewing scientific proposals submitted foruse of the accelerator facility of RIKEN Nishina Center(RNC). In Fiscal Year 2015, two PAC meetings were
held; one for proposals of nuclear physics (NP-PAC),
and one for proposals of materials and life experiments(ML-PAC). The NP-PAC reviewed experimental proposals at RIBF, whereas the ML-PAC reviewed proposals at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) andRIBF.

Table 1. Summary of the outcome of the 16th NP-PAC
meeting. The proposals ranked with S and A are
treated as the “approved” proposals.
16th NP-PAC (December 3 – 5, 2015)
requested
approved
proposals (days) proposals (days)
GARIS (RILAC)
4 (89.5)
4 (57.5)
CRIB (AVF)
5 (55.5)
3 (32)
RIPS (RRC)
3 (29)
3 (20)BigRIPS/ZDS
11 (101)
8 (45.5)
SHARAQ
1 (15)1 (8)SAMURAI9 (81)
6 (23.5)

NP-PACThe 16th NP-PAC meetings were held on December
3 – 5, 20151) . From this NP-PAC meeting, Instituteof Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), KEK, participated in the cooperative operation of the NP-PAC
meeting together with RNC and Center for Nuclear
Study (CNS), the University of Tokyo. The experimental proposals which utilize KISS were called forthe first time.
In the 16th NP-PAC meeting, 34 proposals were reviewed, and 26 proposals were approved as grade S or
A. The outcome of these NP-PAC meetings is summarized in Table 1.
Before this NP-PAC meeting, eight PAC members
were renewed. The 16th NP-PAC members are as follows:
B.M. Sherrill (NSCL, MSU, the chair), A. Andreyev (The University of York), A. Bracco (INFN),
H. Iwasaki (MSU), I. Hamamoto (Univ.
of
Lund/RIKEN Nishina Center), W. Loveland (Oregon State University), S. Nakamura (Tohoku University), T. Nilsson (Chalmers University of Technology),
K. Ogata (RCNP, Osaka University), T. Rauscher(University of Hertfordshire), H. Simon (GSI), O. Sorlin (GANIL), A. Tamii (RCNP, Osaka University),
Y. Utsuno (JAEA), P. Van Duppen (K.U. Leuven),
Y.-H. Zhang (IMP).

The 12th ML-PAC meeting was held on February 16– 17, 20162) . In this meeting, 47 RAL proposals and3 RIBF proposals were reviewed. The summary of theoutcome of the meeting is given in Table 2.
∗2∗3

1 (11)

1 (8)Construction
Total

0 (-)
34 (382)0 (-)
26 (195.5)

Table 2. Summary of the outcome of the 12th ML-PAC
meeting.
12th ML-PAC (February 16 – 17, 2016)
requested
approved
proposals (days) proposals (days)
RAL
47 (234.5)
43 (125)
RIBF
3 (28.5)
3 (28.5)
Total
50 (263)
46 (153.5)

The 12th ML-PAC members (including two newmembers) are as follows:
A. Hiller (ISIS, RAL, the chair), T. Azuma (RIKEN),
R. Kadono (KEK), A. Kawamoto (Hokkaido Univ.),
N. Kojima (Univ.
of Tokyo), K. Kubo (ICU),
P. Mendels (Univ. Paris, Orsay), S. Sulaiman (Universiti Sains Malaysia), H. Yamase (NIMS), S. Yoshida(Thera Projects Associates), and X.G. Zheng (Saga
Univ.).
References

ML-PAC∗1

Proposal for
Scientific Program1) http://www.nishina.riken.jp/RIBF/NP-PAC/index.html
2) http://www.nishina.riken.jp/RIBF/ML-PAC/index.html

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
Wako Nulcear Science Center, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK- 269 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Beam-time statistics of RIBF experiments
K. Yoneda, ∗1 H. Ueno, ∗1 and H. Sakai∗1
This report describes the statistics of the beam times(BTs) at the RIBF facility in Fiscal Year (FY) 2015. In
the following, the BTs are categorized into two groups:
high-energy-mode and low-energy-mode BTs. In theformer mode, the beams were delivered in the acceleration scheme of AVF, RILAC, or RILAC2 → RRC →(fRC → IRC →) SRC, where the accelerators in parentheses can be skipped in the cascade acceleration, depending on the beam species used. In the latter mode,
the acceleration scheme is AVF or RILAC (→ RRC).
BTs in the high-energy mode were scheduled from
April to June, and from October to December 2015,
considering the restriction of utility-power use, budgetary constraints, maintenance schedule of the accelerator system and co-generation system, as wellas other constraints. In the series of experiments inspring, the primary beams of 238 U, 2 H, and 78 Kr were
provided to users, and in the autumn series, the primary beams of 238 U and 48 Ca were provided. 11 experiments approved by the RIBF Program Advisory
Committees1) with the approved beam time of 62 days
were conducted in total. 10.7 days were used for the facility development programs, defined as machine study(MS) experiments. Other than these, a new isotope
search experiment and two nuclear transmutation experiments were conducted as the Nishina Center mission programs.
The summary of the high-energy-mode BTs in
FY2015 is given in Fig. 1 as a bar chart. Comparedto the beam time in FY2014, the user time decreased,reflecting the shorter total running time in FY2015.
The increase of the machine study is mainly due tothe commissioning experiments of the Rare RI Ring,which were conducted twice, 3 days in spring and 2days in autumn.
The summary for the low-energy mode is shown in
Fig. 2. Here the BTs are classified by the accelerator
operation modes, AVF standalone, RILAC standalone,
and RRC. In FY2015, the use of the low-energy modeincreased compared to FY2014. This is because mostof the low-energy-mode experiments after December
2014 had to be postponed due to lack of the operationbudget, and BTs were assigned to those experimentswith a higher priority in FY2015. The shorter operation in the high-energy mode also allowed the relatively
long BT assignments to the low-energy-mode experiments.

Fig. 1. Bar chart showing the BT statistics for high-energymode experiments from FY2007 to FY2015. The accelerator tuning time and Nishina Center mission time are
not included.

Fig. 2. Bar chart showing the BT statistics for low-energymode experiments from FY2007 to FY2015.

Reference
1) K. Yoneda, K. Ishida, H. Yamazaki, N. Imai, Y. Watanabe, K. Yako, H. Miyatake, H. Ueno, and H. Sakai: In
this report.
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 270 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Electric power
power condition
condition ofElectricofWakoWakocampus
campusinin20152015
E. Ikezawa, *1 M. Kato, *1 H. Yamasawa, *1 and M. Kase*1
The monthly electrical power consumption data for the
RIKEN Wako campus (Wako) and RIKEN Nishina Center(RNC) and the energy supply by the cogeneration systems(CGSs) are shown in Fig. 1. The hourly average electrical
power consumption on a day for RNC in 2015 is shown in
Fig. 2. The annual data of the electrical power consumption
and energy supply in 2015 are listed in Table 1. The total
electrical power consumption of Wako in 2015 was 157,905
MWh, which was the same as that in 2014. However, thetotal electrical power consumption of RNC in 2015 was75,154 MWh, which was 3% higher than that in 2014. When
the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) experiments using the uranium(238U) beam were conducted, the maximum electrical power
supply to Wako from the Tokyo electric power corporation(TEPCO) reached 21.9 MW with a CGS output of 3.9 MW
on April 29, 2015, and the maximum electrical power
consumption of RNC reached 17.6 MW on October 20,
2015.
A complete overhaul of the gas turbine of CGS #1 after
4,000 h of operation was carried out in September 2015.

Fig.1. Monthly electrical power consumption and energy
supply by CGSs in 2015.

Fig.2. Hourly average electrical power consumption on a day
for RNC in 2015.

Table 1. Annual data of electrical power consumption and energy supply in 2015.
Total (MWh)

䠆1

Note

% of 2014

Wako purchase

135,577

Total electrical power supply to Wako from TEPCO

97%

Wako consumption

157,905

Wako electrical power consumption (CGSs + TEPCO)

100%

RNC purchase

57,996

Total electrical power supply to RNC from TEPCO

98%

CGS #1

17,158CGS #1 total electrical power output

128%

CGS #2 and #3

6,345

CGS #2 and #3 total electrical power output

139%

RNC consumption

75,154RNC total electrical power consumption

103%

RIKEN Nishina Center- 271 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Radiation
management at RIBF
Radiation safety management
K. Tanaka,䠆1 Y. Uwamino,*1 H. Sakamoto,*1 R. Hirunuma-Higurashi,*1 H. Mukai,*2 A. Akashio,*1 T. Okayasu,*1
R. Suzuki,*3 M. Takekoshi,*3 Y. Yamauchi,*3 S. Fujita,*1 H. Aiso,*1 K. Igarashi,*1 S. Iizuka,*1 and N. Usudate*1
The results of radiation monitoring at RIBF, carried out atthe border of the facility and the radiation-controlled area
are reported. The residual doses along the accelerator setups
are also presented. In 2015, on an average, a 345 MeV/u238
U beam was provided at an intensity of 30 particle nA
intensity in April, May, October, and November. A 78Kr
beam of 300 particle nA was used in May and June, and a48
Ca beam of 400 particle nA in November and December.
The dose rates at the site boundary, where the legal limit
is 1 mSv/y, were monitored. Neutron and J-ray monitors
were used, and the annual dose in 2015 was found to besmaller than the detection limit after the backgroundcorrection. The detection limit of the neutron monitor is 2
PSv/y and that of the J-ray monitor is 8 PSv/y. Therefore, it
was inferred that the annual dose at the boundary was lessthan 10 PSv/y, which is considerably lower than the legal
limit.
The dose rates at the boundary of the radiation-controlledarea were also monitored. The neutron and J-ray monitors
were used at three locations: roofs of the RRC, IRC, andBigRIPS. Figure 1 shows the annual neutron dose at the
RRC and IRC roofs since 1999. The dose in 2015 at the
BigRIPS roof is newly plotted because it had been lower
than the detection limit of 3 PSv/y before. Even the highest
annual dose of 325 PSv/y at the IRC roof is lower than thelegal limit of 5.2 mSv/y.

Fig.1 Radiation dose atradiation-controlled area.

the

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Environment Research Corporation
䠆3
Daiwa Atomic Engineering Corporation
䠆1
䠆2

boundaryoftheThe radioactivity in the closed cooling system at
BigRIPS was measured. The water for the F0 target, the exit
beam dump, and the sidewall dump were sampled after the2015 operation of RIBF. The results are shown in Table 1. A
liquid scintillation counter was used for the low energy E
ray of 18 keV from H-3 nuclide. A Ge detector was also
used for J rays emitted from other radionuclides. The waterin the closed cooling systems was replaced in December
2014, therefore it can be said that the detected radioisotopes
were generated during 2015. The radionuclides, except for
H-3, were already filtered by an ion exchange resin in theclosed cooling systems. Although the overall value ofcontamination was less than the legal limit for drain water,
as shown in Table 1, the water from the closed coolingsystem will be dumped into the drain tank before the next
operation to prevent contamination in the room in case of awater leakage.
Table 1. Concentrations of radionuclide in the coolingwater at BigRIPS, the allowable legal limits for drainwater, and the ratios of concentration to the allowable
limit.
Concentration[a] Limit[b] Ratio to
Cooling
Nuclidewater(Bq/cm3)(Bq/cm3) limit [a/b]
H-3
7.2
60
0.12
BigRIPS Be-7
1.1e-230
3.3e-31)F0 targetsummation
0.12
H-3
14
60
0.23
Be-7
1.8e-230
6.0e-4
BigRIPS Co-56
5.7e-40.3
1.9e-3exit
Co-57
9.6e-44
2.4e-4beam
Co-58
2.1e-31
2.1e-3dump
Mn-54
5.2e-31
5.2e-3summation
0.24
7.3
60
0.12
BigRIPS H-3
1.6e-230
5.4e-4side-wall Be-7
Mn-54
2.8e-31
2.8e-3beam
dump
summation
0.121) read as 3.3× 10-3
The residual radioactivity at the deflectors of thecyclotrons was measured just before the maintenance work.
The residual dose depends on factors such as the beam
intensity, accelerator operation time, and cooling time. The
dose rates from 1986 are shown in Fig. 2. The dose rates for
FRC, IRC, and SRC are shown after the year 2006, when
the RIBF operation started. For AVF, the dose rate increased
in 2006 because the radioisotope production was started andthe beam intensity increased.

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Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Fig. 2. Dose rates of residual radioactivity at the
deflectors of 5 cyclotrons.
Table 2. Dose rates measured at beam lines in 2015. Pointsí26 indicate the locations where measurements weretaken as shown in Fig. 3. At point 24-27, the secondary
radioactive-isotope beams (RI) were provided whose
intensities are limited to 107 particle per second.
Dose Date
Energy Intensity Cooling
Particle
time
Point
rate
(MeV/u) (pnA)
ȝ6YK (M/D)
(h)
Į
Kr-78

1
2

120
85

11/18
6/29

7.25
10.75

2750
860

7
158

3

200

7/27

C-12

70

10

165

4

60

6/29

Kr-78

50

530

158

5

1200

12/9

Ca-48

45

715

113

6

1200

12/9

Ca-48

45

715

113

7

80

12/9

Ca-48

45

715

113

8

120

6/29

Kr-78

45

341

159

9

200

12/9

Ca-48

114

650

114

10

130

12/9

Ca-48

114

650

114

11

12000

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

12

34000

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

13

1100

6/29

Kr-78

345

341

159

14

1600

6/29

Kr-78

345

341

159

15

7000

6/29

Kr-78

345

341

159

16

500

6/29

Kr-78

345

341

159

17

120

6/29

Kr-78

345

341

159

18

180

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

19

80

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

20

400

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

21

32000

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

22

5000

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

114

23

23000

12/9

Ca-48

345

650

24

400

12/9

RI

<345

114

25

110

12/9

RI

<345

114

26

150

12/9

RI

<345

114

27

500

12/9

RI

<345

114

Fig.3. Layout of the beam lines at RIBF. The
measurement locations listed in Table 2 are indicated.

The residual radioactivity along the beam lines wasmeasured after almost every experiment. Figure 3 shows
locations of measurement points where high residual doses
were observed. Table 2 lists the dose rates, beam conditions,and cooling time at the measurement points. The maximum
dose was 34 mSv/h at point 12, which is in the vicinity of
the G01 faraday cup.
The E-learning module, which can be accessed anytime
and from anywhere, even from the outside RIKEN, wasnewly designed and used for the re-training to the radiation
workers at RIBF. About 700 radiation workers havecompleted the training in 2015.

114- 273 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RILAC operation
operation
RILAC
E. Ikezawa,*1 T. Ohki,*2 M. Kase,*1 T. Nakagawa,*1 N. Sakamoto,*1 H. Okuno,*1 N. Fukunishi,*1
M. Komiyama,*1 A. Uchiyama,*1 T. Maie,*1 M. Nagase,*1 M. Fujimaki,*1 T. Watanabe,*1 H. Hasebe,*1
H. Imao,*1 H. Kuboki,*1 K. Ozeki,*1 K. Suda,*1 Y. Higurashi,*1 K. Yamada,*1 Y. Watanabe,*1 S. Watanabe,*1
T. Nagatomo,*1 H. Yamauchi,*2 K. Oyamada,*2 M. Tamura,*2 A. Yusa,*2 K. Kaneko,*2 and O. Kamigaito*1
The RIKEN heavy-ion linac (RILAC) has operated
steadily throughout the reporting period and has supplied
various ion beams for different experiments. Some statistics
regarding the RILAC operation from January 1 to
December 31, 2015 are given in Table 1. The total beamservice time of the RILAC accounted for 85.8% of its
operation time. The two operation modes of the RILAC, thestandalone mode and the injection mode, in which the beam
is injected into the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC),
accounted for 73.8% and 26.2% of the total beam service
time of the RILAC, respectively. For beam experiments andmachine study of the RI Beam Factory (RIBF), a
2.675-MeV/nucleon 48Ca-ion beam accelerated by the
RILAC was injected into the RRC from November 14 toDecember 4. Table 2 lists the beam service times in thestandalone mode of the RILAC allotted to the e2 and e3
beam courses in target room no. 1 in 2015. The e2 beamcourse was used in experiments with the GARIS2. The e3
beam course was used in experiments with the GARIS.
Table 3 lists the operation time of the 18-GHz ECR ion
source in 2015.
We carried out the following improvements and overhauls
during the reporting period.
1) In the RF systems, the DC high-voltage power supplies
were subjected to annual inspection. The major
components of mechanical parts were subjected tosimple inspection.
2) Three water pumps were overhauled. The other water
pumps were subjected to simple inspection. All cooling
towers were subjected to monthly inspection and annual
cleaning.In addition, bearings for the fans and the fan
motors of the cooling towers for rf systems and thecavities of the RILAC and the CSM were replaced withnew ones.
3) All the turbomolecular pumps were subjected to annual
inspection. Cryogenic pumps used for the RILAC no. 6
cavity and the CSM A4 cavity were overhauled.
We faced the following mechanical problems during thereporting period.
1) The contact fingers of the direct current blocker for the
final vacuum tube of the RILAC no. 6 rf system had
melted because of the excessive rf current. We replaced
it with a new one.
2) The final vacuum tube of the FC-RFQ rf system had aproblem. We replaced it with a new one.
3) Water was found to have splashed in the stem of the
FC-RFQ cavity and the stub of the x-rebuncher becauseof leakage from each cooling pipejoint. We replaced itwith a new one.
4) Water was found to have splashed in the 5 kW dummyload resistance of the RILAC no. 4 rf system and theend drift tube of the CSM A6 cavity because of leakage
from each cooling pipe. We repaired the pipes with arepair material as a stopgap measure.

Table 1. Statistics of RILAC operation from January 1 to
December 31, 2015.

Operation time of RILAC

Table 2. Beam service time of the standalone RILAC
allotted to each beam course in target room no.
1 in 2015.
Beam course

%

e2

583.7

28.3

e3

1479.9

71.7

Total

2063.6

100.0

Table 3. Operation time of the 18-GHz ECR ion source in
2015.
Ion

3255.9 h

Total time (h)MassCharge state

Total time (h)

He

4

2

72.0

N

14

3

83.9

Na

23

7

466.6

Mg

24

7

264.0

Mechanical problems

22.0 hStandalone RILAC

2063.6 h

Ar

40

11

477.6

Injection into RRC

731.5 h

Ca

48

10,11

1665.5

Total beam service time of RILAC

2795.1 h

Ti

48

11

92.6

Ti

50

11

157.4

Kr

82

18

576.0

Kr

86

11

72.0

RIKEN Nishina Center
䠆2
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.
䠆1

Total
- 274 -

3927.6

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

operations in
AVF operationsin 2015
2015
T. Nakamura,*2 K. Suda,*1 M. Fujimaki,*1 N. Fukunishi,*1 S. Fukuzawa,*2 M. Hamanaka,*2 H. Hasebe, *1 Y. Higurashi,*1
E. Ikezawa,*1 H. Imao,*1 S. Ishikawa,*2 T. Kageyama,*1 O. Kamigaito,*1 M. Kase,*1 M. Kidera,*1 K. Kobayashi, *2
M. Komiyama,*1 Y. Kotaka,*3 R. Koyama,*2 K. Kumagai,*1 T. Maie,*1 M. Nagase,*1 T. Nagatomo,*1 T. Nakagawa,*1
M. Nakamura,*1 M. Nishida,*2 N. Tsukiori,*2 M. Nishimura,*2 J. Ohnishi,*1 Y. Ohshiro,*3 H. Okuno,*1 K. Ozeki,*1
N. Sakamoto,*1 J. Shibata,*2 A. Uchiyama,*1 T. Watanabe,*1 Y. Watanabe,*1 K. Yadomi,*2 K. Yamada,*1 and S. Yamaka*3
In 2015, the total annual operation time of the K70 AVF
cyclotron (denoted as AVF hereafter) was 3282 hours asshown in Table 1. The total beam supply time was 2051
hours, which was increased by 349 hours compared withthat in 2014. The beam supply time was classified into four
categories: “Injection to RRC”, “Injection to RRC-SRC”,“Injection to RRC-IRC-E5”, and “AVF standalone”. One of
the categories “Injection to RRC-IRC-E5” was a new beamcourse. The beam was supplied for the first time in January
2015. The supply time for the AVF standalone was 1587
hours, which was 548 hours longer than that in 2014. It wasincreased mainly by CRIB experiments, and the supply timeto the CRIB was three times longer than that in 2014. The
beam tuning times for the AVF and the others are shown in
Table 1. The tuning time for the AVF is defined as the sumof periods from the start of the cycling of AVF magnets tothe end of the spot tuning (in the case of AVF standalone) orto the start of beam transport to the RRC.
All of the beams accelerated by the AVF in 2015 arelisted in Table 2. The following beams were accelerated forthe first time in 2015:  (7.25, 10.0 MeV/u) and 16O (6.6
MeV/u). The supplied courses were as follows (in order ofthe decreasing supplied time): E7A (CRIB), C03 (RIproduction), RRC-E5, RRC-SRC, RRC-E6, E7B (student
experiment), and RRC-IRC-E5.
Table 1. AVF operation statistics in 2015.
Total operation time (h)Beam tuning (AVF)
Beam tuning (others)
Injection to RRC (E5 or E6)
Injection to RRC-SRC
Injection to RRC-IRC-E5
AVF standalone
Beam course (AVF standalone) (h)E7A (CRIB)
E7B (student experiment)
C03 (RI production)

2014
2942
773
467
208
455
‐
1039

2015
3282
785
446
324
124
15
1587

335
58
646

1097
28
462

The total fault time was 47 hours (included in the supply
time). The main faults are listed in Table 3 in descendingorder of the time spent on restoration, and the details areindicated below.

Table 2. AVF beam list in 2015.
Particle E (MeV/u)
p
12
d
12
d
3.97
6.5

7.25

10

12.5

7
Li
5.6
11
B
5
12
C
3.97
12
C
7
15
N
7
16
O
6.6
18
O
5.5
18
O
6.07
40
Ar
3.8
40
Ar
5.2
56
Fe
5
84
Kr
3.97

CourseC03
C03
RRC-SRC
Student exp.
C03
C03
C03
E7A
E7A
RRC-E6
C03 / RRC-E5
E7A
E7A
E7A
C03
RRC-IRC-E5
RRC-E5RRC-E5RRC-E5

Supplied time (h)
69
172
124
28
23
8
101
81
181
114
32.4 / 46.4
186
217
432
56
15
70
22
72

(1) During d beam tuning, a loss of vacuum occurred at
the RF cavity No.2. An O-ring between the insulator
ceramics and a coupling terminal plate was damaged. We
replaced it with a new one. In addition, the high-voltage
plate power supply of the RF system was interrupted due toa failure of two cooling fans. These fans were replaced.
(2) During 40Ar beam supply, the RF system No.1 failed,and could not be operated. There was no output from thepower unit of a wide band amplifier. We replaced the unit
with a spare.
(3) During 15N beam tuning, a mirror coil, an extraction
high-voltage, and a vacuum pump of the HYPER-ECR ion
source failed. The beam was supplied by the SC-ECR ion
source instead of the HYPER-ECR because time wasneeded to investigate the cause of the failure.

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.
＊3
Center for Nuclear Study, the university of Tokyo＊1＊2- 275 -

Table 3. Main faults in 2015. See text for details.
(1)
(2)
(3)

Date
September 2nd
July 5th
September 20thTime for restoration (h)984Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Present status
status ofof thethe liquid-helium
liquid-helium supply
supply andand recovery
recovery system
Present
system
T. Dantsuka,＊1,＊2 H. Okuno,＊1 M. Nakamura,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 S. Tsuruma,＊1
M. Ohshima,＊2 H. Miura,＊2 H. Shiraki,＊2 H. Hirai,＊2 H. Hazama,＊2 and H. Shiba＊2
The liquid-helium supply and recovery system,1) which
can produce liquid helium at a liquefaction rate of 200 L/hfrom pure helium gas, has been under stable operation since
the beginning of April 2001. The volumes of liquid helium
supplied each year from 2001 to 2014 are shown in Fig. 1.
The volume gradually increased from 2001 to 2013 withtwo declines in 2009 and 2011. In 2014, the supplied
volume decreased due to a malfunction of the system.
The purity of helium gas recovered from the laboratories
gradually improved after the construction of the system wascompleted. Currently, the impurity concentration in therecovered gas rarely exceeds 200 ppm. The volume ofhelium gas recovered from each building in the Wako
campus and the volume transported to the liquid helium
supply and recovery system were measured. The recovery
180000160000efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of the amount ofrecovered helium gas to the amount of supplied liquid
helium, was calculated. The recovery efficiency for thebuildings on the south side of the Wako campus, such as the
Cooperation Center building of the Advanced Device
Laboratory, the Chemistry and Material Physics building,and the Nanoscience Joint Laboratory building, increased tomore than 90%.
At the end of September 2014, the system experienced amalfunction. The motor of the helium compressor failed
and we could not supply liquid helium for a period of two
and a half months. One cause for the motor failure wasdeterioration due to age. We updated the inverter of thehelium compressor in March 2014.

Other laboratories
Emergent Phenomena Measurement Reserch Team
Quantum Functional System Research Group

140000Liquid Helium (L)12000010000080000

Exploratory Materials TeamRadioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Surface Chemistry Laboratory
Surface and Interface Science Laboratory
Molecular Characterization Team
Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory
Advanced Device Laboratory

60000
40000

Low Temperature Physics Laboratory
Magnetic Materials Laboratory

20000
0
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Fiscal Year

Fig.1. Volumes of liquid helium supplied to the various laboratories for each fiscal year from 2001 to 2014.

Reference

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Nippon Air Conditioning Service K.K＊11) K. Ikegami et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 34, 349 (2001).

- 276 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Present status
status ofof thethe BigRIPSBigRIPS cryogenic
cryogenic plant
Present
plant
K. Kusaka,䠆1 M. Ohtake,䠆1 T. Kubo,䠆1 K. Yoshida,䠆1 M. Ohshima,䠆2 A. Mikami,䠆2 H. Shiba,䠆2 H. Hazama,䠆2
H. Miura,䠆2 H. Shiraki,䠆2 H. Hirai,䠆2 M. Haneda,䠆2 M. Kubota,䠆2 M. Noguchi,䠆3 and N. Suzuki䠆3
Periodic maintenance of the helium compressor unit is
crucial to ensure long-term continuous operations of
BigRIPS1). Since the total operation time of the helium
compressor unit has reached to 52,060 h in July 2015, themain compressor and the motor unit were shipped to the
manufacturer’s factory for maintenance. The compressor
unit was disassembled and its interior was cleaned. All thecomponents were checked carefully and no significant
mechanical damage was found. They were reassembled
with new mechanical seals and bearings.
The main motor unit was also disassembled. The rotor
and the stator coils were cleaned and varnished. The
abrasion of the size of +30–50 Pm was found at theanti-coupling side bearing bracket. The bracket was
repaired by the bushing method, so that its surface became
highly smooth (+7–10 Pm) and a new motor bearing could
be installed. In addition to mechanical checks electricalproperties of the motor unit were successfully tested. The
rebuilt compressor and main motor unit were installed onsite in September.
In September 2014 we have started the continuous
operation of the BigRIPS cryogenic plant and stopped themain compressor in July 2015. After the summer
maintenance, we started the cryogenic plant in
midSeptember and stopped the compressor in December
2015. During these continuous operations, we faced sometroubles on the compressor unit. One is an unusual noisethat was produced by the main motor unit in May 2015. We
greased the motor unit and maintained the continuous
operation. In other incidents, the compressor unit suddenly
stopped that happened twice in May 2015. The failure of
the temperature transducer for the discharge helium gas
caused false interlock stops. We replaced the temperaturetransducer and continued the operation. After theseincidents, we have started measuring the vibrations of themain compressor unit for sound operations.
Figure 1 shows the vibration velocities in the axial andvertical directions as a function of the total operation time.
We measured vibrations both at the high-pressure (HP) andlow-pressure (LP) sides of the main compressor unit using
the handy vibration tester OH-580A4). It is clearly seen thatthe vibration velocity changed drastically before and after
the maintenance.
In addition to maintaining the mechanical components ofthe compressor unit, we replaced the activated charcoal andmolecular sieves in the adsorbent vessel in August 2015.
We observed the oil contamination level of the oil-removal
RIKEN Nishina Center
Nippon Kucho Service Co., Ltd.
䠆3
Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd.
䠆1
䠆2

module using an oil check kit.
Figure 2 shows an estimate of the oil contamination levelat the entrance of the third coalescer vessel as a function of
the coalescer filter operation time. As stated by Kusaka
et al.2), the amount of oil drain from the vessel is directly
related to the oil contamination level. The navy blue, green,
and, yellow diamonds represent the estimates for the
2008-2009, 2010-2011, and 2012-2013 operations,
respectively. The coalescer filters used in those periods
were discontinued3). The estimate for the 2014-2015
operation with successive new coalescer filters is shown aspink diamonds. The oil contamination measurement values
using the oil check kit are also shown. The open triangles,
squares, circles, and diamonds represent the results for the
2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013, and 2014-2015
operations, respectively. The performance efficiency of the
new filter elements seems to be similar to or better than thatof the discontinued ones.

Fig. 1. Vibration velocity of the compressor unit.

Fig. 2. Oil contamination at the entrance of the third
coalescer vessel.
References

1) K. Kusaka et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 244 (2008).
2) K. Kusaka et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 309 (2010).
3) K. Kusaka et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 330 (2015).
4)http://www.testo.jp.

- 277 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Maintenance ofof vacuum
vacuum for
Maintenancefor accelerators
accelerators

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Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Operation of fee-based activities by the industrial cooperation teamA. Yoshida,∗1 T. Kambara,∗1 H. Haba,∗1 S. Shibata,∗1 K. Takahashi,∗1 and S. Yanou∗1
The operation of fee-based activities by the industrial cooperation team in 2015, utilization of heavy-ion
beams to industry and distribution of radioisotopes,
are summarized below.
RIKEN Nishina Center opens the AVF cyclotron,
RILAC, and RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC) to privatecompanies in Japan for a fee.1) At RRC, three feebased beamtimes were successfully performed at E5A
beamline; two beamtimes with a 70-MeV/A 84 Kr beam
were performed in July and December, and one beamtime with a 95-MeV/A 40 Ar beam was performed in
December. Another article in this report describes thetechnical details of beam preparation and characterization.2) At the AVF cyclotron, a beamtime was performed in March with an RI beam of 7 Be (T1/2 = 53days) from the CNS RI beam separator (CRIB) at E7A
beamline, but it was cancelled owing to a technicalproblem.
Since 2007, RIKEN has been distributing radioisotopes (RIs) produced at the AVF cyclotron to users
in Japan for a fee in collaboration with the Japan Radioisotope Association3) (JRIA). The RIs are producedby the RI Applications Team. According to a materialtransfer agreement (MTA) drawn between JRIA and
RIKEN, JRIA mediates the transaction of RIs and distributes them to users. In April 2015, the MTA wasamended to add a new nuclide 85 Sr (T1/2 = 65 days)
to the list of distributed nuclides that included 65 Zn(T1/2 = 244 days), 109 Cd (T1/2 = 463 days), and 88 Y
(T1/2 = 107 days). The 85 Sr nuclide is produced by
the nat Rb(d, x)85 Sr reaction4) and supplied as solution
in hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.1 M.
The maximum radioactivity of one package is 10 MBq.
Because 85 Sr and 88 Y have short half-lives, they are
not stocked like 65 Zn and 109 Cd but are produced in ascheduled beamtime after an order is accepted. Therefore, the RIs are delivered after two or more months.
Details can be found on the on-line ordering system
J-RAM5) of JRIA.
In 2015, we delivered three shipments of 109 Cd witha total activity of 4 MBq, two shipments of 65 Zn with a
total activity of 10 MBq, and one shipment of 88 Y withan activity of 1 MBq. The final recipients of the RIs
were five universities and one hospital. Figure 1 shows
the yearly trends in terms of the number of orders andthe amounts of the distributed RIs. Compared to 2014,
the amount of distributed 109 Cd decreased by a factorof 5.5 and that of 65 Zn by 4.4, whereas the amount of88
Y was the same.
Information on the RIs can be obtained from JRIA
through JRAM or FAX (03-5395-8055).
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 279 -

Fig. 1. Number of orders (upper) and amount (lower) of
RIs distributed yearly from 2007 to 2015. The distribution of 88 Y started in 2010.

References
1) http://ribf.riken.jp/sisetu-kyoyo/ (Japanese).
2) T. Kambara et al.: in this report.
3) http://www.jrias.or.jp/ (Japanese),
http://www.jrias.or.jp/e/ (English).
4) S. Yano et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 48, 299(2015).
5) https://www.j-ram.net/jram/DispatchTopPage.do(Japanese).

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Operation ofof thethe tandem
tandem accelerator
accelerator
Operation
T. Kobayashi䠆1 and M. Hamagaki䠆2
The tandem accelerator (Pelletron 5SDH-2, 1.7 MVmax.) (Fig.1) was operated for a total of 84 days forexperiments during the annual reporting period from Jan 1
to Dec 31, 2015.

Experimental studies on the following subjects were
performed, and some of them are still in progress.

Fig.1 The Pelletron tandem accelerator and beamlines

Starting this fiscal year of 2016, the managing laboratoryof the tandem accelerator has been switched from Atomic
Physics Research Unit to RNC Research Instruments Group.

A total of 20 days were spent on machine inspection,dose measuring, troubleshooting, beam test, and recovery
from electric power failure.
The ion species accelerated in this year are H+, He+ , Au3+
and Au7+ with energies ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 MeV, assummarized in Table 1. So far, the ion species of H, He,
Li, B, C, N, O, Si, Ti, Ni, Cu and Au have been accelerated
with our accelerator.

(1) Characterization of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)single crystal diamond semiconductor detector byusing heavy ions (5 days)(2) Metallic nanoparticle formation by ion irradiation inliquid (24 days)(3) Microbeam irradiation of living cells using a glass
capillary with a thin lid (32 days)(4) Study of 10B(D, p) reaction (15 days)(5) Study of helium microbeam using tapered glass
capillaries (5 days)(6) Analyses using elastic scattering (3 days)(a) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)(b)Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) of
diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films and polymers
for determining hydrogen distribution.

Table 1 The beam conditions and the experiments
conducted in the tandem accelerator
Ion

䠆2

RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics
Atomic Physics Research Unit, RIKEN- 280 -

Beam current [nA]H+

1.0 – 3.0

0.01 – 50

4He+

1.5 – 2.3

1 – 10ExperimentOperation time [days]

Irradiation

63

RBS, ERDA

20

197

4.0

0.01 – 1

Irradiation

2

197

7.0

0.01 – 1

Irradiation

2

Au3+
Au6+

䠆1

Energy [MeV]1

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Operationreportreportonon thethe ring-cyclotrons
ring-cyclotrons in
Operationin thethe RIBF
RIBF accelerator
acceleratorcomplex
complex
M. Nishida,㸨3 K. Ozeki,㸨1 T. Dantsuka,㸨1 M. Fujimaki,㸨1 T. Fujinawa,㸨1 N. Fukunishi,㸨1 S. Fukuzawa,㸨3 M. Hamanaka,㸨3
H. Hasebe,㸨1 Y. Higurashi,㸨1 E. Ikezawa,㸨1 H. Imao,㸨1 S. Ishikawa,㸨3 T. Kageyama,㸨1 O. Kamigaito,㸨1 M. Kase,㸨1
M. Kidera,㸨1 K. Kobayashi,㸨3 M. Komiyama,㸨1 Y. Kotaka,㸨2 R. Koyama,㸨3 K. Kumagai,㸨1 T. Maie,㸨1 M. Nagase,㸨1
T. Nagatomo,㸨1 T. Nakagawa,㸨1 M. Nakamura,㸨1 T. Nakamura,㸨3 M. Nishimura,㸨3 J. Ohnishi,㸨1 H. Okuno,㸨1
N. Sakamoto,㸨1 J. Shibata,㸨3 K. Suda,㸨1 N. Tsukiori,㸨3 A. Uchiyama,㸨1 S. Watanabe,㸨1 T. Watanabe,㸨1 Y. Watanabe,㸨1
K. Yadomi,㸨3 K. Yamada,㸨1 and H. Yamasawa㸨1
In this report, the operation of the ring-cyclotrons in the
RIBF accelerator complex from January to December 2015is presented. Table 1 summarizes the accelerated beams inthese cyclotrons. The availability is defined by the ratio of
the actual beam time to the scheduled beam time, which isan index of the reliability of beam supply. The delivered
beam time in 2015 was 3173.1 h. The ratio of experimentsthat used the beam extracted from the SRC and the otheraccelerators was 75% (2388.6 h) and 25%.
The 238U beam was supplied for three periods as follows:
1) Mar. 25th to Apr. 17th for five experiments
2) Apr. 27th to May 8th for two experiments3) Oct. 19th to Nov. 14th for eight experiments.
A maximum beam intensity of 48.8 particle nA wasachieved owing to several factors, such as the increase of
the beam current in the ion source, conversion of theinjection buncher from the mesh type to cavity type,adoption of a new carbon material for the rotating charge
stripper,1) improvement of the transmission efficiency in thecyclotrons, and improvement of the vacuum in the RRC.
The polarized deuteron beam was supplied from May
11th to 16th. Although the energy (190 MeV/u) was lower
than the certified energy according to the design of SRC(250 MeV/u for M/q = 2 ions), a single-turn extraction wasachieved at the acceleration test before the experiment.
The 78Kr beam was supplied in six experiments with amaximum intensity of 310 particle nA, in the
RILAC2-RRC-fRC-IRC-SRC mode for the first time (May23rd to Jun. 22nd). The high-intensity beam production test
was performed using an exit beam dump in the BigRIPS,
and a beam power of 13.1 kW (486 particle nA) was
obtained, which was the power record in the RIBF.
The 48Ca beam was supplied in four experiments (Nov.
17th to Dec. 4th). The maximum intensity reached 689
particle nA owing to the improvement in the ion source andtransmission efficiency by the refinement of the rotating
charge stripper.
For the machine study, a test to transport the beam
extracted from the IRC to E5B was performed. The 40Ar
beam was successfully accelerated up to 160 MeV/u in the
AVF-RRC-IRC mode and transported to the E5B. In
addition, 4He was accelerated in the RILAC2-RRC mode
for the first time to be extracted from the RRC. The beam
current shown in the table is the converted value to a dutyof 100% (the measured current was 0.86 particle PA with aduty of 0.9%).
For the experiments that used a beam extracted from theRRC, 48Ca and 12C (RIPS), 84Kr for industrial use (E5A),
86
Kr for the JAXA group (E3A), and 136Xe for the
KEK/KISS group (E2A) were supplied. In addition,
biological experiments (E5B) were conducted as usual.

Table 1. Summary of the accelerated beams in 2015

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
㸨3
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

Reference

㸨1㸨21) H. Hasebe et al.: in this report.

- 281 -

V. EVENTS

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CHEP2015 - 21st International Conference on Computing in HighEnergy and Nuclear Physics
Y. Watanabe
The 21st international conference on Computing inHigh Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP2015) was
held from 13th to 17th April, 2015 at the Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) in Okinawa, Japan. It was jointly organized by High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), International Center for Elementary Particle Physics(ICEPP), The University of Tokyo, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST), Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP),
Osaka University, and RIKEN Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, and supported by Ministryof Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau(OCVB), and Okinawa Prefecture.
CHEP is a major series of international conferences for physicists and computing professionals fromthe High Energy and Nuclear Physics community,
Computer Science, and Information Technology which
provides an international forum to exchange the experiences and needs of the community, and to review recent, ongoing, and future activities. Since thefirst CHEP conference was held in 1985 Amsterdam,
Netherlands, it is held in every one and half a year. It
was the second time to be held in Japan since held in
Tsukuba in 1991.
The scope of CHEP 2015 is represented by keywords
which are categorized in two areas: Application andTechnologies.
APPLICATION(13 keywords):
DAQ, Trigger,
Simulation, Reconstruction, Data analysis, Date
Stores, Experiment frameworks for WAN distributed computing, Middleware and services for

production-quality infrastructures, Outreach, Multidiscipline/multi-experiment topic, Computing models,
Data preservation, and Monitoring.
TECHNOLOGIES(18 keywords): Controls systems,
Event processing frameworks, Data structures andalgorithms, Data handling/access, Databases, Storage systems, Computing facilities and infrastructures,
Software design, Software development process, Performance and validation tools, Continuous integration
systems, Parallel programming, Networking, Collaborative tools, Cloud computing, Virtualization, Highperformance computing, and CPU architectures GPU
FPGA.
In numbers, CHEP 2015 attracted a very high number of oral and poster contribution, 535 in total, andhosted 450 participants from 28 countries. There were
34 plenary talks and 254 oral presentations in 6 parallelsessions. Among 247 posters, eight posters presented
by young scientists were selected as ”Poster award”,
and lighting talks by each winner took place just before the closing session.
The conference proceedings have been publishedelectronically in the Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (JPCS), Volume 664 (2015) (doi:10.1088/17426596/664/00/001001).
The next 22nd CHEP conference will be held on
October 12th-14th 2016, in San Francisco, hosted by
SLAC and LBNL.

Fig. 1. Opening talk of the conference by Dr. Ken PeachFig. 2. Applause at the time of the conference end- 283 -

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

TAN15--5th
5thInternational
InternationalConference
Conference onon thethe Chemistry
Chemistry and
TAN15
and Physics
Physics ofof thetheTransactinide
Elements
Transactinide Elements
H. Haba* on behalf of the TAN15 Local Organizing Committee
The 5th International Conference on the Chemistry andPhysics of the Transactinide Elements (TANs) was held on
May 25–29, 2015, at the Urabandai Royal Hotel, located in
the Urabandai area, in the northwest region of Fukushima
prefecture, Japan. This conference was co-organized by the
Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN(co-chair: Kosuke Morita) and the Advanced Science
Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (co-chair:
Yuichiro Nagame). TAN15 was the fifth in a series ofconferences dedicated to the recent achievements inchemistry and physics of transactinide elements. The
previous TAN conferences were held in Seeheim, Germany(1999), Napa, United States (2003), Davos, Switzerland(2007), and Sochi, Russia (2011). The scientific program
covers both theories and experiments of 1) heaviest-element
synthesis, 2) nuclear reactions, 3) nuclear structure, 4)chemistry, 5) atomic properties, and 6) other related topics.
The number of registrants was 86 from 13 countries.
There were 2-special, 5-plenary, 12-invited, and 30-oraltalks, and 20 poster presentations. In this report, thehighlights from the RIKEN RI Beam Factory are briefly
introduced.
Kosuke Morita (RIKEN/Kyushu University) claimed thediscovery of element 113 by the cold fusion reaction of209
Bi(70Zn,n)278113 based on the convincing three α-decay
chains of 278113 which connected to the known nuclides of266
Bh, 262Db ， and 258Lr. Yasuo Wakabayashi (RIKEN)
reported productions of new isotopes of 215U and 216U in theBa, 137Ba, 138Ba + 82Kr reactions. Hiromitsu Haba
(RIKEN) presented production and decay properties of261
Rf, 262Db, 265Sg, and 266Bh available for chemical studies
using a gas-jet transport system installed to GARIS. Using
unique pre-separated 265Sg atoms, Alexander Yakushev(GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH)investigatedthechemical
synthesisandthegas-chromatographic separation of the first organometallic
compounds of TANs, Sg(CO)6. Yukiko Komori (RIKEN)
presented a rapid solvent extraction apparatus coupled to
the GARIS gas-jet system for future aqueous chemistrystudies of the heaviest TANs such as Sg and Bh. Yoshitaka
Kasamatsu (Osaka University) investigated co-precipitation
behavior of Rf with Sm(OH)3 as well as solvent extraction
behavior of Rf in HCl solutions into Aliquat336. Toward theaqueous chemistry of Db at the RIKEN AVF cyclotron,
Shin-ichi Goto (Niigata University) measured an excitation
function for the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction. Daiya Kaji
(RIKEN) demonstrated a performance of a new recoil
separator, GARIS II. Michiharu Wada (RIKEN) introduced
the Multi-reflection Time-Of-Flight (MR-TOF) mass
spectrograph under development at GARIS II for precisionmass measurements of TAN nuclei. Yuta Ito (RIKEN)
received the Best Poster Award for his presentation“Development of a Gas Cell System for SHE-Mass Projectat RIKEN”.
The next TAN conference will be organized by theGerman colleagues in 2019.
136

Fig. 1. Conference photo taken at a garden of the Urabandai Royal Hotel.
*

RIKEN Nishina Center- 284 -

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)The 9th Nishina School
H. Ueno∗1 and T. Kishida∗1
The Nishina School was initiated by the RIKEN
Nishina Center (RNC) to promote international cooperation in the ﬁeld of nuclear physics in the AsianRegions through human-resource development. Under this program, select undergraduate students from
Peking University and Seoul National University havebeen participating in a two-week summer program
since 2008 and 2012, respectively. They have been attending the Nishina School jointly since 2013.
The 9th Nishina School was held from July 27 toAugust 7, 2015. The curriculum of the School was
designed to introduce the essence of nuclear physics
to ﬁve undergraduate students from Peking University
and ﬁve from Seoul National University. The program
for the ﬁrst week consisted of lectures and basic experimental training. During the second week, they gained
hands-on experience in conducting experiments. On
the last day of the School, the students gave presentations. The program timetable is shown in Fig. 1.
The management policy of the Nishina School has
been decided by the Nishina School Steering Committee since its establishment in 2014. This year, theCommittee meetings were held ﬁve times, on February 24, May 8, July 2, September 18, and December
16, 2015. Kishida, Principal of the Nishina School,
also attended all of the meetings as an observer. The
Committee decided to incorporate three diﬀerent experimental trainings: i) mass spectroscopy of naturalabundant Xe isotopes utilizing a part of the SCRIT
system, ii) ion trapping of charged particles of aluminum powder with a simple trap electrode built by
the students, and iii) X-ray and gamma-ray detection with advanced gas and semi-conductor detectors.
Technical instructions for these experimental training were provided by the SCRIT Team, the SLOWRI
Team, and the High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory.
All the students seemed to appreciate the invaluable experience and enjoy the School and life at RNC.
Figure 2 shows a photograph taken at the opening ceremony on July 27.

Fig. 1. The curriculum and timetable of the Nishina
School. The lectures and experimental training are indicated in blue and red, respectively.

Fig. 2. Photograph of the Nishina School 2015 participants.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 285 -

1

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

HIAT2015-13th International Conference on Heavy ion Accelerator
Technology†
N. Sakamoto∗1 and O. Kamigaito∗2
The 13th International Conference on Heavy ion
Accelerator Technology (HIAT2015) was held at
WORKPIA YOKOHAMA in the downtown of thecity of Yokohama city from September 7 to 11, 2015.
It was jointly hosted by the RIKEN Nishina Center,
RCNP (Osaka Univ.), NIRS, University of Tsukuba
and JAEA-Takasaki.
HIAT2015 was the 13th in a series of conferences,
dating back to 1973 ﬁrst held in Daresbury andfollowed by Strasbourg (1977), Oak Ridge (1981),
Buenos Aires (1985), Strasbourg-Heidelberg (1989),
Legnaro (1992), Canberra (1995), Argonne (1998),
Delhi (2002), Brookhaven (2005), Venice (2009), andChicago (2012). HIAT is an international conference
dedicated to the design, construction, development
and operation of heavy-ion accelerators and their components. It focuses on the operational experience of existing facilities, achievements in heavy-ion accelerator
physics and technology, progress on the implementation of new projects and infrastructure upgrades, andtrends in the proposal and design of heavy ion accelerators as well as their main systems and components. The conference is mainly devoted to the accelerator teams of any institution, laboratory or university which are running or developing heavy ion facilities or their components for studies in the ﬁelds ofnuclear physics and astrophysics as well as the applications of heavy ion beams in medicine, accelerator
mass spectrometry, material analysis and processing,nuclear waste management, dynamics of nuclear fusion
and ﬁssion, radiation science and dosimetry, development and production of radionuclides, environmental
metrology, etc.
The topics of HIAT2015 were the subjects featured
at the ﬁrst conference that have been modiﬁed as∗1∗2

Executive Board Chair of HIAT2015, RIKEN Nishina Center
Conference Chair of HIAT2015, RIKEN Nishina Center

Fig. 1. Conference photo taken in the plenary hall

- 286 -

follows: 1)Electrostatic Accelerators, 2)Room Temperature and Supaeconducting Linacs, 3)Room Temperature and Supperconducting Cyclotrons, 4)Synchrotrons and Storage Rings, 5)Radioactive Ion Beam
Facilities, 6)Ion Sources and Traps, 7)Main Accelerator Systems and Components (e.g. Radiofrequency,
Cavities, Magnets, Vacuum, Control, Beam Diagnostics, Cryogenics, Radioprotection, Mass Spectrometry,
Microbeam Facilities).
Prior to the conference, a welcome reception washeld on Sunday and posters were presented by students who successfully received ﬁnancial support fromthe organizing committe. The conference started on
Monday with the welcome address by the director of
the Nishina Center, Hideto En’yo. In the sessions that
followed, the current status on commissioning of new
facilities, progresses on accelerator devices, new design of heavy-ion accelerators and their components
etc. were widely discussed. There were 18 invited talks
and 32 contributed oral presentations. One of the common issues was how to realize very intense heavy-ion
beams with highly eﬃcient accelerators. On Monday
and Wednesday, poster sessions were held. 47 posters
were presented and technical issues were discussed actively. On Friday Richard C. Pardo presented a summary of the conference.
The number of registrants was 120 (not including
the number of exhibitors and accompanying persons),from 14 countries. Fig. 1 shows a conference phototaken on Thursday. The HIAT2015 conference turned
out to be a great success and it is worth noting thatthe research activities in this ﬁeld have become much
more vibrant since the last HIAT conference.
The conference proceedings has been published in
JACoW(http://www.jacow.org/). The next HIAT
conference hosted by IMP will be held in 2018.

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF
RIBF Users
Users Meeting
Meeting 2015
＊1 *1
*1 *1
*1 *1
*1
*1
*1
*1
*1 *1 M. Kimura,
N. Imai,
Sumikama,
Ota,
Asai,
P. P.
Fallon,N.Itagaki,
Itagaki,*1*1Y. Kanada-En’yo,
Y. Kanada-En’yo,
N. Imai,T.
T.
Sumikama,S.
S.
Ota,M.
M.
Asai,*1
Fallon,*1T.T.Isobe,
Isobe,*1 N.
M. Kimura,*1

*1
*1
*2
*1
*1
*1
*3,4
Y.
H. Sakurai,
Sakurai,*3,4
S.Shimoura,
Shimoura,*5*5
Y.Kondo,Kondo,*1J.J.Lee,
Lee,*1 H.
H. Miyatake,
Miyatake,*2 T. Nakamura, *1 A. Obertelli, *1 K. Ogata,*1 H.
S.
*3
*3
T.
K. Yako,*1 K. Yoneda,*3
and K.
K. Yoshida
Yoshida*1*1
T. Uesaka,
Uesaka,*3*3 H. Ueno,*3
and

The RIBF Users Meeting 20151) was successfully held on
September 10 and 11 in 2015. This meeting aims at mutual
understanding among RIBF users through discussion onlatest results obtained every year at RIBF. The number ofparticipants was 140, which was more than the number
registered. We discussed actively the topics of relevant
fields. At the RIBF Users Meeting 2013 held in June 2013,
it was decided that the next meeting will be scheduled forMarch 2015 for the convenience of the users outside Japan.
However, the cancellation of NP-PAC scheduled to be heldin the June 2015, the Users Meeting was also postponed to
September. The Users meeting is usually held during the
RIBF collaboration days where the users discuss the ideasof experimental proposals in advance of the NP-PAC
meeting.
Since the range of each experimental field varies widely
depending on the nuclei interest and the energies of thebeams, we allocated 10 minutes for discussion time
following 15 minutes talk for each contribution to gain
understanding of each other’s field. The program mainly
consists of reports from large collaborations, i.e., Rare-RI
Ring, SUNFLOWER, SAMURAI, EURICA, GARIS, KISS,
CRIB, SHARAQ and OEDO. Newly introduced was a newactivity of the ImPACT program which attempts to establish
a nuclear transmutation method to dispose long lived fission
products produced by nuclear power plants. As the lastsession of the first day, the poster session was hosted by the
director of the Nishina Center. We enjoyed discussion
during poster presentation in a relaxed atmosphere servedwith refreshments
Two winners of the RIBF Thesis Awards 2015 were alsocelebrated at the event. Originally started as the RIBF Users
Group Thesis Awards in 2012, this was the fourth time for
the Awards to be presented. The Awards honor theachievements of young scholars who earned their doctoral
degrees based on experiments and theoretical works related
to the physics research conducted at RIBF. Starting from2015, the Awards were co-hosted by the director of the
Nishina Center and RIBF UEC, and name changed to the
RIBF Thesis Awards. The winners were Dr. Z.Y. Xu (Univ.
of Hong Kong), and Dr. Y. Ito (RIKEN Nishina Center) for
the thesis titled “Beta-decay spectroscopy on neutron-richnuclei in a range of Z = 26 ~ 32” and “A multi-reflection

time-of-flight mass spectrograph for high-precision massmeasurements of short-lived nuclei”, respectively. After the
ceremony, Dr. Xu presented a talk on the thesis. Dr. Ito will
give a talk at the next Users Meeting.
We also allocated time for two special sessions. One
featured the introduction of the activities of GRETINA in
USA by Dr. P. Fallon. The highlights of their achievements
up to now as well as the prospect of future development
were presented. Though the current main -ray spectrometer
at RIBF, DALI-2, is composed of approximately 200
NaI(Tl) crystals, we should change to spectrometers which
has finer energy resolution like germanium detectors. The
reason is that the level density will increase in the high-Z
region and the level scheme will be complex in the odd
nuclei. We agreed to continue with discussion on this issue.
Topics of the other was the upgrade plan of RIBF. Since
overseas facilities such as FRIB and FAIR will becommissioned from around 2020, the time has come to
discuss the future direction of RIBF. Prof. H. Sakurai fromthe Nishina Center presented a plan to increase the beam
intensity by one order of magnitudes. The plan calls for theconstruction of a superconducting injector linac and a new
fRC in order to bypass the old RRC (RIKEN Ring
Cyclotron). Users, on the other hand, requested to install theexperimental devices to make full use of the high primarybeam intensity. After the meeting, mostly domestic users
continued to discuss with the Nishina Center on this issue
and finally agreed to the updated plan which includes
several experimental devices. The plan was submitted to
Science Council Japan in March 2016 to be reviewed.
The next RIBF Users Meeting will be held at the
beginning of September in 2016. Though we allocated 10
minutes discussion for each contribution, it turned out thatthe time was still not sufficient. At the next Users Meeting,
we will reduce the number of collaboration reports andinstead secure more time for discussion.
Reference1)http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?vi
ew=standard&confId=1961

RIBF Users group UEC
WNSC, KEK
＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊4
Univ. of Tokyo＊5
CNS, Univ. of Tokyo＊1＊2- 287 -

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Quark Matter
Quark
Matter 2015
＊1*1
*22
Y.Y.Akiba
, H.
andT.
T.Hatsuda
Hatsuda*1＊1
Akiba,
H. Hamagaki
Hamagaki＊andThe Quark Matter 2015 (QM2015) is the XXVinternational conference on ultrarelativistic heavy-ion
collisions. The aim of this conference series held every year
and a half is to unravel the mystery of strongly interacting
matter at extreme environments created in theultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions in the early universe
and the central core of super dense stars. From September
27 to October 3, 699 physicists from 33 countries gatheredin Fashion Mart, Kobe, Japan.
QM2015 was hosted by the Science Council of Japan and
the Physical Society of Japan, and co-hosted by the RIKEN
Nishina Center and the Center for Nuclear Study, theUniversity of Tokyo. 19 domestic and foreign institutions, 9
domestic and foreign companies, and 2 foundations from
Kobe city had made substantial contributions and financial
supports to organize QM2015. The conference was chairedand co-chaired by the present authors.
Major scientific topics of QM2015 included (1) QCD at
High Temperature, (2) Baryon Rich QCD Matter, (3) QGP
in Small Systems, (4) Initial State Physics and Approach toEquilibrium, (5) Jets and High pT Hadrons, (6) Open Heavy
Flavors and Strangeness, (7) Quarkonia, Electromagnetic
Probes, (8) Collective Dynamics, (9) Correlations andFluctuations, (10) Quark Matter in Astrophysics, (11)Relations to Other Strongly Coupled Systems, (12) New
Theoretical Developments, and (13) Future Experimental
Facilities, Upgrades, and Instrumentation.
The QM2015 program started on September 27 with the
public lectures by Ryugo Hayano (Univ. Tokyo) and Hiroshi
Ooguri (Caltech/IPMU) concurrently with the student day
lectures. More than 240 students and postdocs attended thestudent day lectures. After the opening talk by Gordon
Baym (Univ. Illinois) on September 28, the first three days
(Sep.28-Sep.30) were devoted to parallel sessions andposter sessions. Plenary sessions followed for the last threedays (Oct.1-Oct.3). There were 168 parallel talks, 410
poster entry and 32 plenary talks. In addition, 8 flash talks
selected from the posters were presented on the last day.
The Young Scientist Prize for Nuclear Physics was awarded
to the select individuals who gave parallel talks, namely,
Natasha Sharma (Univ. of Tennessee), Darren McGlinchey(Univ. of Colorado), Zhenyu Chen (Rice Univ.), andAlexander Rothkopf (Heidelberg Univ.). Moreover, theZimanyi Medal granted to a young theoretical physicist
under 40 who has made extraordinary contributions to thefield of high energy nuclear physics, was awarded to
Chihiro Sasaki (Wroclaw Univ.). Details of the scientificcontents and presentation slides can be viewed online:
http://qm2015.riken.jp/_____________________________＊1
RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo- 288 -

Fig. 1 and Fig.2 show some statistics regarding the
QM2015 participants. The blue and the red correspond tomale and female participants, respectively.

Fig. 1. Number of experimentalists
participating in QM2015.

andtheorists

Fig.2. Number of students, postdocs and staffs/faculties
participating in QM2015.

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Physics with Fragment Separators - 25th Anniversary of RIKEN Projectile
Fragment Separator (RIPS25)
Reported by T. Kubo
A symposium entitled “Physics with Fragment Separators
T. Aumann (TU Darmstadt / GSI)
- 25th Anniversary of RIKEN Projectile Fragment Separator
D. Beaumel (IPN Orsay)(RIPS25)” was held on December 6-7, 2015 at Shonan
A. Chakrabarti (VECC, India)
Village Center in Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan to celebrate
M. Fukuda (Osaka U.)
the 25th anniversary of the RIKEN Projectile-Fragment
A. Gade (NSCL, MSU)
Separator, RIPS, at RIKEN Nishina center.
H. Geissel (GSI)
With the RIPS separator producing its first RI beams in
K. I. Hahn (Ewha Womans U., S. Korea)
November 1989, the physics programs using RI beams at
I. Hamamoto (RIKEN / U. of Lund)
intermediate energies started in January 1990. Since then,M. Ishihara (RIKEN)
the RIPS facility has been pioneering in a variety of key
Y. Kondo (Tokyo Tech.)experiments in RI-beam physics, such as those of reaction
D. J. Morrissey (NSCL, MSU)
studies of exotic nuclei with RI beams as well as with
A. C. Mueller (CNRS)
spin-polarized RI beams. The RIPS25 symposium
E. Yu. Nikolski (Kurchatov Institute)celebrated the great achievements that the RIPS separator
S. Nishimura (RIKEN)
had contributed in making in the last 25 years, reviewing
K. Ogata (RCNP, Osaka U.)
how RI-beam physics has been established as one ofReported
the key by T. Kubo
N. A. Orr (LPC CAEN)
fields of nuclear physics. Furthermore the future directions
T. Otsuka (U. of Tokyo)of the fields were discussed as well.
S. Sakaguchi (Kyushu U.)Asymposium“Physics
Fragment
SeparatorsT.
(TU Darmstadt / GSI)The
RIPS25 entitledsymposium
waswithjointlyorganized
byH.Aumann
Ueno (RIKEN)-RIKEN
25th Anniversaryof
RIKEN
Projectile
Fragment
SeparatorD.
Beaumel(IPN Orsay)
Nishina Center and the Center for Nuclear Study
M. Wada (RIKEN)(RIPS25)”
was
held
on
December
6-7,
2015
at
ShonanA.
Chakrabarti(VECC, India)(CNS), Univ. of Tokyo, chaired by Toshiyuki Kubo, RIKEN
Y. Ye (Peking U.)
Village
CenterinHayama,Kanagawa,Japan
tocelebrate
M.
Fukuda(OsakaU.)
and co-chaired by Susumu Shimoura, CNS. A total of 65*W. Henning (RIKEN/Argonne)the
25th
anniversary
of
the
RIKEN
Projectile-FragmentA.
Gade(NSCL,MSU)*J. A. Nolen (Argonne)
participants joined the symposium, which included 16 from
Separator,
RIPS, at23
RIKEN
Nishina center.
H.
*A.Geissel
Ozawa(GSI)(U. of Tsukuba)
foreign institutes,
from domestic
institutes, and 26 from
With
the
RIPS
separator
producing
its
first
RI
beams
in
K.
I.
Hahn(RIKEN)(Ewha Womans U., S. Korea)*H. Sakai
RIKEN. Figure 1 shows a group photograph of theNovemberthe physics
programs
using presentations
RI beams at
I.
Hamamoto(RIKEN / U. of Lund)*Y.
Yano (RIKEN)
participants.1989,
The numbersof oraland poster
intermediate
energies
startedin
January
1990.
Since
then,
M.
Ishihara(RIKEN)The speakers from the organizer side were as follows:
were 25 and 13, respectively.
theTheRIPS
facility
has been
in a variety
of keyY.
Kondo(RIKEN)(Tokyo Tech.)
T. Kuboinvitedspeakers
and pioneering
invited participants(labeledbyexperimentsin
RI-beamphysics,
such
as
those
of
reaction
D.
J.
Morrissey(NSCL, MSU)
H. Sakurai (RIKEN)*) are listed as follows:
studiesN.ofAoi
exoticnuclei
with
RI
beams
as
well
as
with
A.
C.
Mueller(CNRS)(RCNP, Osaka U.)
spin-polarized RI beams. The RIPS25 symposium
E. Yu. Nikolski (Kurchatov Institute)celebrated the great achievements that the RIPS separator
S. Nishimura (RIKEN)
Fig. 1. Group photograph of the symposium
had contributed in making in the last 25 years, reviewing
K. Ogata (RCNP, Osaka U.)
how RI-beam physics has been established as one of the key
N. A. Orr (LPC CAEN)
fields of nuclear physics. Furthermore the future directions
T. Otsuka (U. of Tokyo)of the fields were discussed as well.
S. Sakaguchi (Kyushu U.)
The RIPS25 symposium was jointly organized by
H. Ueno (RIKEN)
RIKEN Nishina Center and the Center for Nuclear Study
M. Wada (RIKEN)(CNS), Univ. of Tokyo, chaired by Toshiyuki Kubo, RIKEN
Y. Ye (Peking U.)
and co-chaired by Susumu Shimoura, CNS. A total of 65*W. Henning (RIKEN/Argonne)*J. A. Nolen (Argonne)
participants joined the symposium, which included 16 from
*A. Ozawa (U. of Tsukuba)
foreign institutes, 23 from domestic institutes, and 26 from
*H. Sakai (RIKEN)
RIKEN. Figure 1 shows a group photograph of the*Y. Yano (RIKEN)
participants. The numbers of oral and poster presentations
The speakers from the organizer side were as follows:
were 25 and 13, respectively.
T. Kubo (RIKEN)
The invited speakers and invited participants (labeled by
H. Sakurai (RIKEN)*) are listed as follows:
N. Aoi (RCNP, Osaka U.)
Fig. 1. Group photograph of the symposium- 289 -

VI. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIESOF RIKEN NISHINA CENTER(Activities, Members, Publications & Presentations)Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

1. Organization
1.1 Organization Chart as of March 31, 2016
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Emiko Hiyama

Radiation Laboratory

RIKEN BNL Research Center

Masahiko Iwasaki

Samuel H. Aronson

Deputy Director:Robert Pisarski

Nishina Center Advisory Council

RIKEN Facility Office at RAL

KHARZEEV Dmitri E.

Computing Group

Taku Izubuchi
Yasuyuki Akiba

Philip KINGRadioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

RIBF Research Division

Hiroyoshi Sakurai

Spin isospin Laboratory

Tomohiro Uesaka

Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Nishina Center Planning Office

Theory Group

Experimental Group

RBRC Scientific Review Committee (SRC) Meeting

RBRC Management Steering Committee(MSC)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division

Hideto En'yo

Advanced Meson Science Laboratory

Advisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility

Theoretical Research Division

Takashi Nakatsukasa

Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

President RIKEN Hiroshi Matsumoto

Tetsuo Hatsuda

Hideki Ueno

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory

Toru Tamagawa

Astro-Glaciology Research Unit

Yuko Motizuki

Research Group for Superheavy Element

Kosuke Morita

Superheavy Element Production Team

Kosuke Morita

Superheavy Element Research
Device Development Team
Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science

Hideto En'yo

Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group

Hiroyoshi Sakurai

Theoretical Research
Deputy Director:Tetsuo Hatsuda

Slow RI Data TeamRIBF Research

Muon Data Team

Deputy Director:Hiroyoshi Sakurai
Senior Advisor:Walter F. Henning
Senior Advisor:Yasushige Yano
Senior Advisor:Tohru Motobayashi

High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group

Hideaki Otsu
Koichi Yoshida
Teiichiro Matsuzaki

High-Gradient Cavity R&D Team Naruhiko Sakamoto
High-Power Target R&D Team

Accelerator Group
Scientific Policy Committee

Osamu Kamigaito

Kouji Morimoto

Fast RI Data Team

Osamu Kamigaito

Deputy Director:
Hiroki OKUNO (Intensity Upgrade),
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (Stable and Efficient Operation),
Masayuki KASE(Energy-Efficiency Management)

Program Advisory Committee

Accelerator R&D TeamIon Source Team

Coordination Committee

Beam Dynamics &Diagnostics Team

Safety Review Committee

Hiroki Okuno
Takahide Nakagawa

RILAC Team
Cyclotron Team

Eiji Ikezawa
Naruhiko Sakamoto
Nobuhisa Fukunishi

Cryogenic Technology Team

Machine Time Committee

Hiroki Okuno

Infrastructure Management Team

Public Relations Committee
Instrumentation Development Group

Masanori Wakasugi

SCRIT Team
Research Instruments Group

Toshiyuki Kubo

Masayuki KaseSLOWRI Team
Rare RI-ring Team

Michiharu Wada
Masanori Wakasugi
Masanori Wakasugi

BigRIPS TeamSAMURAI Team
Computing and Network Team
Detector Team

Accelerator Applications Research Group

Tomoko Abe

Ion Beam Breeding TeamRI Applications Team

User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group

Hideyuki Sakai

Deputy Director: Hideki UENO(User Support)

Safety Management Group- 291 -

Yoshitomo Uwamino

User Support Office
Industrial Cooperation Team

Hiroki Okuno

Koichi Yoshida
Hideaki Otsu
Takashi Ichihara
Hiromi Sato
Tomoko Abe
Hiromitsu Haba
Ken-ichiro Yoneda
Atsushi YoshidaⅥ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

1.2 Topics in FY2015
In fiscal year 2015, 4.8 months operation was achieved along with the acquisition of fundamental nuclear transmutation data for the
ImPACT (Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program) project.
Accelerator system of RIBF has greatly improved with the upgrade of the beam intensity of the heavy ion in the RI beam generating
system by threefold. This upgrading was accomplished two year ahead of schedule. RIBF has been highly available to the users even by thestandard of research environment worldwide.
IUPAC recognized element 113 discovered as a new element by the research group led by Group Director Kosuke Morita (nowResearch Group for Superheavy Element), and gave the group the honor of naming and determining the two-letter symbol for the element.
Element 113 will then become the first element to be named through the discovery made by an Asian research institution.
As a result of biological irradiation of the heavy ion in cooperation with public companies, the Ion Beam Breeding Team succeeded in
the selective breeding of tear-free onion. Named ‘smile ball’, the new breed of onion is being marketed. Paid use of RI beams in theradiation resistance test of the semiconductor for use in space has been promoted for industrial application.

Year

Date
Sep. 1

2015
Nov. 1

Topics in Management
Team Leader Michiharu WADA moves to the part-time position (Prof., Institute ofParticle and Nuclear Studies, KEK)
New Appointment
Group Leader of Theory Group: Dmitri E. KHARZEEV

2016

Jan. 12Interim Review of the Chief Scientist, Osamu KAMIGAITO

Mar. 8Interim Review of Associate Chief Scientist, Toru TAMAGAWA

Mar. 31

End of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory

2. Finances
As mentioned in “1.2 Administrative Topic in FY2015”, RNC executed approximately 4.8 months of RIBF operation. Breakdown
expenses of the RNC FY2015 budget and a transition for the past five years are shown in following graphs.

708

0

Accelerator science researchInternational collaboration research

534

RIBF construction
External Funding

FY2014
Million Yen- 292 -

2,260

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Million Yen

5000
4500
4000

External Funding

3500
3000

RIBF Construction Subsidy

2500
2000

International Collaboration
Research

1500

Accelerator Science Research

1000
500
0

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

3. Staffing
At the start of FY 2015, April 1 2015, there were 230 personnel affiliated with RNC and 408 researchers visiting RNC for research
purpose. The following graphs show a breakdown of personnel into seven categories as of April 2015, and a transition of the number of
each category.

82

Permanent Researcher

59

Contract Researcher

27

Technical staff

29

408

Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Junior Research Associate

33

External researcher

FY2015

800
700
600

External Researcher

500

Junior Research Associate
Special Postdoctoral Researcher

400

Technical Staff

300

Contract Researcher

200

Permanent Researcher

100
0

2011

2012

2013

2014

- 293 -

2015

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

4. Research publication
Publication in the past 10 years
The number of papers published annually from RNC is shown graphically using the data of Thomson Reuiters’ Web of Science
Documents. The type of documents is “Article” and “Review”. Articles from 2013and before, however, include the proceedings ofmeetings.

400

Source Documents

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Publication Year

Citation Analysis for past 3 years (2015 data is insufficient due to incomplete citation)
As of June 20, 2016

Year
Indicators

2013

2014

2015

Total number of papers

353

320

286

Total number of citations

3039

1891

647

Number of papers in top 10%

47

47

37

Percentage of papers in top 10%

13.31

14.69

12.94

Number of papers in top 1%

8

3

2

Percentage of papers in top 1%

2.27

0.94

0.70

5. Management
Headed by the RNC Director Hideto En'yo, the RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science (RNC) consists of:
9 Laboratories
1 Research unit
9 Groups with 25 Teams
2 overseas research center with 3 Groups
as of the latter half of FY2015. There are also three 'Partner Institutes' which conduct research in the laboratories set up in RNC.
RNC is managed by its Director who takes into consideration the majority decision of the RNC Coordination Committee. The Nishina
Center Planning Office under the auspices of President of RIKEN is responsible for administrative matters of RNC.
The management of RNC is supported by the following committees:
Scientific Policy Committee
Program Advisory Committee
Safety Review Committee
RIBF Machine Time Committee
Public Relations Committee
There are also committees to support the President of RIKEN and/or the Director of RNC such as:- 294 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Nishina Center Advisory Council with two subcommittees
RBRC Scientific Review Committee (SRC) andAdvisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility
RBRC Management Steering Committee (MSC)

Nishina Center for Accelerator-based Science
Executive Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Hideto EN'YO
Director RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radiation Laboratory
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Deputy Director (Theoretical Research), RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Deputy Director (RIBF Research), RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory;
Group Director, Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
Walter F. HENNING
Senior Advisor
Yasushige YANO
Senior Advisor
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Senior Advisor
Minami IMANISHI
Assistant

RNC Coordination Committee
The following subjects relevant to the RNC management are deliberated under the chairmanship of the RNC Director:
Establishment of the new organization or reorganization in RNC
Personnel management of RNC researchers
Research themes and research budget
Approval of the Partner Institutes
Evaluation of the management of RNC and the response to the recommendations by external evaluation
The RNC Coordination Committee is held monthly.
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Hideto EN'YO
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Walter F. HENNING
Yasushige YANO
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Masahiko IWASAKI
Tomohiro UESAKA
Hideki UENO
Toru TAMAGAWA
Takashi NAKATSUKASA
Emiko HIYAMA
Kosuke MORITA
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Hideyuki SAKAI
Hiroki OKUNO
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI
Masayuki KASE
Tomoko ABE
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Toshiyuki KUBO
Masanori WAKASUGIEiji IKEZAWA
Takashi ICHIHARA
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO
Hiromi SATO
Takahide NAKAGAWA
Hiromitsu HABA
Koji MORIMOTO
Atsushi YOSHIDA
Koichi YOSHIDA
Ken-ichiro YONEDA
Michiharu WADA
Hideaki OTSU

Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radiation Laboratory
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory; Group Director,
Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Senior Advisor
Senior Advisor
Senior Advisor
Chief Scientist, Director of Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Spin isospin Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory; Deputy Group Director, User Liaison andIndustrial Cooperation Group
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Group Director, Research Group for Superheavy Element; Team Leader, Superheavy Element Production TeamGroup Director, Accelerator Group; Group Director, High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group
Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Accelerator R&D Team; Team Leader,
Cryogenic Technology Team; Team Leader, High-Power Target R&D Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Infrastructure Management TeamGroup Director, Accelerator Applications Research Group; Team Leader, Radiation Biology TeamGroup Director, Safety Management Group
Group Director, Research Instruments Group; Team Leader, Detector TeamGroup Director, Instrumentation Development Group; Team Leader, Rare RI-ring Team; Team Leader, SCRIT Team
Team Leader, RILAC Team
Team Leader, Computing and Network Team
Team Leader, Cyclotron Team; Team Leader, High-Gradient Cavity R&D Team
Team Leader, Detector Team
Team Leader, Ion Source Team
Team Leader, RI Applications Team
Team Leader, Superheavy Element Device Development Team
Team Leader, Industrial Cooperation Team
Team Leader, BigRIPS Team; Team Leader, Slow RI Data Team
Team Leader, User Support OfficeTeam Leader, SLOWRI Team
Team Leader, SAMURAI Team; Team Leader, Fast RI Data Team- 295 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)
Teiichiro MATSUZAKI
Yasuyuki AKIBA
Katsuhiko ISHIDA
Tsukasa TADA
Yuko MOTIZUKI
Kanenobu TANAKA
Noriko SHIOMITSU
Mitsuru KISHIMOTOTeam Leader, Muon Data Team
Vice Chief Scientist; Group Leader, Experimental Group, RIKEN BNL Research Center
Vice Chief Scientist, Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Vice Chief Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Research Unit Leader, Astro-Glaciology Research Unit
Deputy Group Director, Safety Management Group
Director, Nishina Center Planning Office
Deputy Director, Nishina Center Planning Office

Nishina Center Planning Office
The Nishina Center Planning Office is responsible for the following issues:
Planning and coordination of RNC’s research program and system
Planning and management of RNC’s use ofbudget
Public relations activities
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Noriko SHIOMITSU
Mitsuru KISHIMOTO
Kazunori MABUCHI
Yasutaka AKAI
Yukari ONISHI
Kumiko SUGITA
Yuko OKADA
Yukiko SATO
Kyoji YAMADA
Yoshio OKUIZUMIMasatoshi MORIYAMA
Rie KUWANA

Director, Head of Nishina Center Planning Office
Deputy Director, Nishina Center Planning Office; Administration Manager, RBRC; Administration Manager,
RIKEN Facility Office at RAL
Deputy Manager, Nishina Center Planning Office
Administrative Officer of Nishina Center Planning Office; Deputy Administration Manager, RBRC
Chief, Nishina Center Planning OfficeSpecial Administrative Employee
Task-Specific Employee
Task-Specific Employee
Special Temporary Employee
Temporary Employee
Consultant for Advisory Committee, Research Review, etc.
Temporary Staff

Scientific Policy Committee
The Scientific Policy Committee deliberates on the following issues:
Research measures and policies of RNC
Administration of research facilities under RNC's management
The Committee members are selected among professionals within and outside RNC. The members were not chosen nor the Committee held in FY2015.

Program Advisory Committee
The Program Advisory Committee reviews experimental proposals submitted by researchers and reports the approval/disapproval of the proposals to the
RNC Director. The Committee also reports to the RNC Director the available days of operation at RIBF or the Muon Facility at RAL allocated toresearchers.
The Committee is divided into three categories according to the research field.
(1) Nuclear Physics Experiments at RIBF (NP-PAC): academic research in nuclear physics(2) Materials and Life Science Researches at RNC (ML-PAC): academic research in materials science and life science(3) Industrial Program Advisory Committee (In-PAC): non-academic research
Program Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics Experiments at RI Beam Factory (NP-PAC)
The 16th NP-PAC was held on December 3-5, 2015 at RIBF.
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Bradley. M.SHERRILL (Chair)Prof., Director, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University
Andrei ANDREYEVProf., The University of York.
Angela BRACCO
Prof., Dipartiment di Fisica, The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Piet Van Duppen
Prof., Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Departement Natuurkunde en Sterrenkunde, University of
Leuven (K.U.Leuven)
Hironori Iwasaki
Associate Prof., National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University
Walter D. LOVELAND
Prof., Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, USA
Thomas NILSSON
Prof., Department of Fundamental Physics, Chalmers Univ. of Technology
Thomas Rauscher
Department of Physics, University of Basel
Haik Simon
GSI
Olivier Sorlin
GANIL(Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds)
Yuhu Zhang
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences- 296 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESYutaka UTSUNO
Kazuyuki Ogata
Atsushi TAMII
Satoshi N. Nakamura
Ikuko Hamamoto

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)
Senior Scientist, Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
Associate Prof., Theoretical Nuclear Physics, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
Associate Prof., Experimental Nuclear Physics Division, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka
University, Japan
Prof., Nuclear Experiment Group, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University
Prof. Emeritus, The Lund Univ., Senior Visiting Scientist, RNC

Program Advisory Committee for Materials and Life Science Researches at RIKEN Nishina Center (ML-PAC)
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Adrian HILLIER (Chair)
ISIS, RAL
Philippe MENDELS
Prof., Laboratorie de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris-SUD
Shukri SULAIMAN
Prof. Universiti Sains Malaysia
Toshiyuki AZUMA
Chief Scientist, Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN
Ryosuke KADONO
Prof., Division Head, Muon Science Laboratory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK
Atsushi KAWAMOTO
Prof., Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
Kenya KUBO
Prof., Department of Material Science, International Christian University,
Norimichi KOJIMA
Full Time Research Fellow, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research InstituteAtsushi SHINOHARA
Prof., Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
Xu-Guang ZHENG
Prof., Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University
Hiroyuki YAMASE
Senior Researcher, National Institute for Materials Science
Shigeo YOSHIDA
Research Consultant, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN
Industrial Program Advisory Committee (In-PAC)
The 5th In-PAC was held on January 13, 2016 at RNC.
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Akihiro IWASE (Chair)Prof., Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
Toshiyuki AZUMA
Chief Scientist, Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN
Kenya KUBO
Prof., The College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University
Hitoshi NAKAGAWA
Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Nobuhiko NISHIDA
Full Time Research fellow, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research InstituteToshinori MITSUMOTO
Chief Engineer, Quantum Equipment Division, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd

Safety Review Committee
The Safety Review Committee is composed of two sub committees, the Safety Review Committee for Accelerator Experiments and the Hot-Lab Safety
Review Committee. These Committees review the safety regarding the usage of radiation generating equipment based on the proposal submitted to RNC
Director from the spokesperson of the approved experiment.
Safety Review Committee for Accelerator Experiments
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Takashi KISHIDA (Chair)
Senior Research Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Kouji MORIMOTOTeam Leader, Superheavy Element Device Development Team
Eiji IKEZAWA
Team Leader, RILAC Team
Hiromitsu HABATeam Leader, RI Applications Team
Shinichiro MICHIMASA
Assistant Prof., Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI
Lecturer, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Hiroshi WATANABE
Lecturer, Radioactive Nuclear Beam Group, IPNS, KEK
Hiromi SATOTeam Leader, Detector Team
Atsushi YOSHIDATeam Leader, Industrial Cooperation Team
Koichi YOSHIDATeam Leader, BigRIPS Team
Naoki FUKUDA
Nishina Center Research Scientist, BigRIPS Team
Naruhiko SAKAMOTOTeam Leader, Cyclotron TeamEx officio members
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Group Director, Safety Management Group
Kanenobu TANAKA
Deputy Group Director, Management Group
Hisao SAKAMOTO
Nishina Center Technical Scientist, Safety Management Group
Hot-Lab Safety Review Committee
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Masako IZUMI (Chair)
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Hisao SAKAMOTO
Hiroki MUKAI
Kanenobu TANAKA
Hiromitsu HABA

Senior Research Scientist, Radiation Biology TeamGroup Director, Safety Management Group
Nishina Center Technical Scientist, Safety Management Group
Assigned Employee, Safety Management Group
Deputy Group Director, Safety Management GroupTeam Leader, RI Applications Team- 297 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Machine Time Committee
him.

Upon request of the RNC Director, the RIBF Machine Time Committee deliberates on the machine time schedule of RIBF, and reports the results toMembers (as of March 31, 2016)
Hideyuki SAKAI (Chair)
Tomoko ABE
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Masayuki KASE
Toshiyuki KUBO
Kouji MORIMOTO
Hiroki OKUNO
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Hideki UENO
Tomohiro UESAKA
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Masanori WAKASUGI
Ken-ichiro YONEDA
External members
Susumu SHIMOURA
Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI
Hiroari MIYATAKE
ObserversHideto EN'YO
Nobuaki IMAI
Hiromitsu HABA
Kosuke MORITA
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Koichi YOSHIDA
Kanenobu TANAKA
Mitsuru KISHIMOTO
Hideaki OTSU

Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
Group Director, Accelerator Applications Research Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, Accelerator Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, Research Instruments GroupTeam Leader, Superheavy Element Research Device Development Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Chief Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Spin isospin Laboratory
Group Director, Safety Management Group
Group Director, Instrumentation Development GroupTeam Leader, User Support Office
Professor, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Lecturer, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Professor, Radioactive Nuclear Beam Group, IPNS, KEK
Director, RNC
Chair, RIBF-UEC, Associate Prof. Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Team Leader, RI Applications TeamGroup Director, Research Group for Superheavy Element
RIBF Synergetic-Use Coordinator
Team Leader, BigRIPS Team; Team Leader, Slow RI Data Team
Deputy Group Director, Safety Management Group
Deputy Director, Nishina Center Planning OfficeTeam Leader, Fast RI Data Team

Public Relations Committee
Upon request of the RNC Director, the Public Relations Committee deliberates and coordinates the following matters:(1) Creating public relations system for theRNC(2) Prioritization of the public relations activities for the RNC(3) Other general and important matters concerning the public relations of RNC
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Hiroshi TSUBOI
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Walter F. HENNING
Yasushige YANO
Masahiko IWASAKI
Tomohiro UESAKA
Hideki UENO
Toru TAMAGAWA
Takashi NAKATSUKASA
Emiko HIYAMA
Koji HASHIMOTO
Kosuke MORITA
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Hideyuki SAKAI

Executive Director; Director, Head of Nishina Center Planning Office
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
RIBF synergetic-use coordinator
Senior Advisor
Senior Advisor
Chief Scientist, Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Spin isospin Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Mathematical Physics Laboratory
Group Director, Research Group for Superheavy Element
Group Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group- 298 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RBRC Management Steering Committee (MSC)
RBRC MSC is set up according to the Memorandum of Understanding between RIKEN and BNL concerning the collaboration on the Spin Physics
Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The 21st MSC was held on July 17, 2015 at RIBF.
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Yoichiro MATSUMOTO
Shoji NAGAMIYA
Hideto EN'YO
David LISSAUER
Berndt MUELLER
Satoshi OZAKI

Executive Director, RIKEN
Science Advisor, RIKEN
Director, RNC
Deputy Chair, Physics Department, BNL
Associate Laboratory Director for Nuclear and Particle Physics, BNL
Senior Advisor, BNL

Nishina Center Advisory Council
NCAC 2016 is the forth AC meeting since the establishment of the Nishina Center which promotes all of RIKEN’s accelerator based science including
the RIKEN BNL Research Center and the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility. NCAC has two sub-councils for the RBRC and the RAL Muon Facility respectively.
The 1st NCAC was held in January, 2009. The 2nd NCAC was held in May, 2011. Thr 3rd NCAC was held in July, 2014.
The mission of NCAC is set by the Terms of Reference presented by President Matsumoto based on the Initiative for Scientific Excellence and thefundamental issues about research activities and research administration. NCAC submits its report to the President of RIKEN, and to the Director of Nishina
Center if necessary.
The members of NCAC are recommended by the Director of Nishina Center to the President of RIKEN from among highly knowledgeable individuals
and experts worldwide.
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Sydney GALES (Chair)
Robert V.F. JANSSENS
Jochen WAMBACH
Witold NAZAREWICZ
Kinichi IMAI
Richard G. MILNER
Angella BRACCO
Reiner KRÜCKEN
Hirokazu TAMURA
Tokushi SHIBATA
Elvezio MORENYONI
Yoshitaka ITOW
Lia MERMINGA
Akira YAMAMOTO
Hidenori TAKAGIProfessor Dr., Director of Research IPN Orsay CNRS, Scientific Director, ELI-N
Division Director, Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
Professor, ECT* Director
Professor, Michigan State University
Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University
Professor, Department of Physics, MIT
Professor, Università degli Studi di Milano e INFN
Dr. Deputy Director of TRIUMF
Professor, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
Dr. Adviser, Chiyoda technol corporation Oarai Research Laboratory
Prof.Dr. Paul Scherrer Institut
Professor, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
Professor, Associate Lab Director, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Head, Special Professor, HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, KEK
Prof. Dr. Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research

RBRC Scientific Review Committee (SRC)
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Richard MILNER (Chair)
Shinya AOKI
Alfred MUELLER
Albert De ROECK
Xiandong JI
Julia VELKOVSKA

Prof., Director, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT
Prof., Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University
Prof., Department of Physics, Columbia University
Prof., LPC Fellow, LHC Physics Center, Fermilab
Prof., Department of Physics, University of Maryland
Prof., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University

Advisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility
Members (as of March 31, 2016)
Andrew D TAYLOR (Chair)Jean-Michel POUTISSOU
Klaus P. JUNGMANN
Roberto De RENZI
Yasuyuki MATSUDA
Jun SUGIYAMAExecutive Director, STFC National Laboratories, UK
Senior research scientist Emeritus, TRIUMF, Canada
Prof., University of Groningen, Netherlands
Prof., Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Japan
Principal Research Scientist, Toyota Central R&D Labs., INC, Japan- 299 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

6. International Collaboration
Country

Partner InstituteObjects

RNC contact person
Masahiko IWASAKI, Chief Scientist, Director ofAdvanced Meson Science Laboratory

Austria

Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics

Belgium

Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven

Experimental and theoretical hadron physics,
especially in exotic hadronic atoms and mesonand baryon nuclear bound states
Framework

CanadaTRIUMF

Accelerator-based Science

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

China

China Nuclear Physics Society

Creation of the council for China -Japan researchcollaboration on nuclear physics

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

Peking University

Nuclear Science

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

Strategic cooperation (Nishina School)

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

International Joint Graduate School Program

Takashi NAKATSUKASA, Associate chief
scientist, Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory

ZHEJIANG University

International Joint Graduate School Program

Isao WATANABE, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academyof Science

Physics of heavy ions

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

School of Nuclear Science and Technology,
Lanzhou University

Framework

Yue MA, Advanced Meson Science Laboratory

School of Physics, Nanjing University

Framework

Emiko HIYAMA, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The
Univ. of Hong Kong

Experimental and educational researchcollaboration in the area of experimental nuclear
physics
The use of Euroball ditector at RIKEN

EU

European Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Pool
Owners Committee

Michiharu WADA, Team Leader, SLOWRI
Team

Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Shunji NISHIMURA, Radioactive Isotope
Physics Laboratory

European Center for Theoretical Studies in
Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)

Theoretical physics

Tetsuo HATSUDA, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory

CERN

RD-51:R&D programme for micro-pattern gas
detectors (MPGD)

Satoshi YOKKAICHI, Senior Research Scientist,
Radiation Laboratory

Collaboration in the ALICE Experiment as an
Associate Member

Satoshi YOKKAICHI, Senior Research Scientist,
Radiation Laboratory

Collaboration in the ALICE Experiment

Satoshi YOKKAICHI, Senior Research Scientist,
Radiation Laboratory

Finland

University of Jyvaskyla

Basic nuclear physics and related instrumentation

Michiharu WADA, Team Leader, SLOWRITeamFranceNational Institute of Nuclear Physics and Particle
Physics ( IN2P3)

Physics of heavy ionsTohru MOTOBAYASHI, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

CNRS, CEA,GANIL, Université Paris Sud, etc.

Creation of an International AssociatedLaboratory (LIA)
French-Japanese International AssociatedLaboratory for Nuclear Structure Problems
The use of MINOS device at RIKEN

Tohru MOTOBAYASHI, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

CEA-DSM

Germany

Hungary
Indonesia

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

SIMEM Graduate School, Department of
Physics, Caen University

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Technische Universität München

Nuclear physics, hadron physics, nuclear
astrophysics

Emiko HIYAMA, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Max-Planck Gesellschaft

Comprehensive agreement

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

GSI

Physics of heavey ions and accelerator

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

GSI and Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive
Beam Collaboration (R3B)

The use of NeuLAND device at RIBF

Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin Isospin
Laboratory

Department of Physics, Technische Universität
Darmstadt
The Institute of Nuclear Research of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI)

Framework

Emiko Hiyama, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Nuclear physics, Atomic Physics

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

ITB, UNPAD, ITS, UGM, UI

Material science using muons at the
RIKEN-RAL muon facility

Isao WATANABE, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy

Universitas Hasanuddin

Agricultural science and related fields involving
heavy-ion beam mutagenesis using Indonesian
crops

Tomoko ABE, Group Director, Accelerator
Applications Research Group- 300 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESCountry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Partner InstituteObjects

RNC contact person

Italy

National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN)

Physics of heavy ionsTohru MOTOBAYASHI, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

Framework

Tohru MOTOBAYASHI, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

Korea

Applied Physics Division, National Institute for
New Technologies, Energy and Environment(ENEA)
Seoul National University

Nishina School

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

International Joint Graduate School Program

Itaru NAKAGAWA, Radiation Laboratory

Institute of Basic Science, Rare Isotope Science
Project

Rare ion accelerator and related fields

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Shunji NISHIMURA

Department of Physics, Kyungpook National
University

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

College of Natural Sciences of Kyungpook
National University

International Joint Graduate School Program

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

College of Science, Yonsei University

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Department of Physics, Yonsei University

International Joint Graduate School Program

Yasuyuki AKIBA, Radiation Laboratory

Department of Physics, Korea University

Framework

Yuji GOTO, Radiation Laboratory

College of Natural Science, Ewha Women’s
University

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

College of Natural Sciences, INHA Univ.

Framework

Emiko Hiyama, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Malaysia

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Muon Science

Isao WATANABE, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy

Polandthe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear
Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences(IFJ PAN)

Framework

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

Romania“Horia Hulubei” National Institute of Physics
and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-Magurele,
Romania
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Framework

Tomohiro UESAKA, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”

Framework

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Tomohiro UESAKA,
Osamu KAMIGAITO, Masanori WAKASUGISwitzerland

Paul Scherrer InstituteImprove the performance and reliability ofaccelerator systems

Osamu KAMIGAITO, Director, Chief Scientist,
Accelerator GroupUK

The Science and Technology Facilities Council

Muon science using the ISIS Facility at the
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Philip KING, Director of RIKEN-RAL muon
facility

University of Liverpool

International Joint Graduate School Program

Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

BNL

The Spin Physics Program at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)

Hideto EN'YO, Director of RNC

Columbia University

The development of QCDCQ

Taku IZUBUCHI, Group Leader, Computing
Group, RBRC

Michigan State University

Comprehensive
The use of TPC(Time Projection Chamber)

Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission

Framework

Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin Isospin
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory& Tadaaki Isobe, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Technique

Nuclear Physics

Hanoi University of Science

International Joint Graduate School Program

Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of
Science and Technology

Framework

RussiaUSA

Vietnam- 301 -

Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

7. Awards
Awardee, Laboratory / TeamAward

Organization

Date

Larry McLerran, Theory Group, RBRC

Herman Feshbach Prize in Theoretical
Nuclear Physics

American Physical Society

April

Takuya Maeyama, Special Postdoctoral Researcher, Beam Dynamics &Diagnostics Team

JSRC (Japanese Society of Radiation
Chemistry) Young
Scientist Award

Japanese Society of Radiation
Chemistry

May 27

Takuya Maeyama, Special Postdoctoral Researcher, Beam Dynamics &Diagnostics Team

JSRC Young Investigators Travel Award(From ICRR 2015)

Japanese Society of Radiation
Chemistry

May 29

Takuya Maeyama (Special Postdoctoral Researcher), Nobuhisa Fukunisi(Team Leader), Kenichi Ishikawa (visiting Scientsit) Beam Dynamics &Diagnostics Team
Tadashi Fujinawa (Research Consultant), Accelerator GroupJRR(Journal of Radiation Research) Award
at ICRR 20 15

Japanese Society of Radiation
Chemistry

May 29

Hoshino Prize

The Institute of Electrical Installation
Engineers of Japan

Jun 5

Stefan Meinel, Computing Group, RBRC

Kenneth G. Wilson Award at the Lattice2015 conference

RIKEN, Univ. of Tsukuba, Nagoya
Univ. etc.

July

Takahide Nakagawa, Team Leader, Ion Source TeamThe 11th PASJ Award for TechnicalContributions

Particle Accelerator Society of Japan

Aug. 4Masako Yamada, formerly affiliated with Radiation Laboratory

The 11th PASJ Award for Young Scientists

Particle Accelerator Society of Japan

Aug. 4

T. Motobayashi, Senior Advisor and H. Sakurai, Chief Scientist and
DeputyDirector of the Nishina Center
T. Motobayashi, Senior Advisor of the Nishina Cente

The Nishina Memorial Prize 2015

Nishina Memorial Foundation

Dec. 7The Outstanding Referee

The Outstanding Referees Program
instituted by APS

Jan. 8

Katsuhiko Ishida, Associate Chief Scientist of the Advanced Meson
ScienceLaboratory and Tutomu Mibe, Visiting Scientist of the Advanced Meson
ScienceLaboratory and the Radiation Laboratory
Research Group for Superheavy Element

Nishikawa Prize

The Foundation For High Energy
Accelerator ScienceFeb. 15

The certificate of appreciation

Wako-shiMar. 4

Yuma Kikuchi, Special Postdoctoral Researcher of the Spin isospin
Laboratory

The 10th Young Scientist Award

Physical Society of Japan

Mar. 20

Kosuke Morita, Group Director, Research Group for Superheavey
Element

The Japan Academy Prize

The Japan Academy

Apr. 20- 302 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

8. Brief overview of the RI Beam Factory
Intensity of Primary Beams

Achieved beam intensities (as of March 2016)
238

U
Xe
86
Kr
78
Kr
70
Zn
48
Ca
18
O
14
N
4
He
d
pol. d124

49 pnA
38 pnA
30 pnA486 pnA
123 pnA
530 pnA
1,000 pnA
400 pnA
1,000 pnA
1,000 pnA
120 pnA, P~80%(345 MeV/u, Oct. 2015)(345 MeV/u, Jun. 2013)(345 MeV/u, Nov. 2007)(345 MeV/u, May. 2015)(345 MeV/u, Jun. 2014)(345 MeV/u, Nov. 2014)(345 MeV/u, Jun. 2010)(250 MeV/u, Oct. 2010)(250 MeV/u, Oct. 2009)(250 MeV/u, Oct. 2010)(250 MeV/u, May. 2015)

History of Beam Intensity Upgrade- 303 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)1

Total beam time for experiments
Machine StudyRNC Enterprise
Industrial use
Material & Life
Nuclear Physics

RILAC/GARISAVF/CRIB
RRC/RIPS
SRC/BigRIPS

400.0

300.0

300.0

250.0

days

350.0

days

250.0

200.0

200.0

150.0

150.0

100.0

100.0

BreakdownofNucl. Phys.
Expts.

50.0

50.0

0.0

0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Fiscal year

Fiscal year

Total beam time allocated to BigRIPS experiments
3 months
operation

3.11 Earthquake
160
Data Run

Total (Data + MS + Tuning)

140

Beam Time (Days)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Fiscal Year- 304 -

2012

2013

2014

2015

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Theoretical Research Division
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

Atomic nuclei are made of protons and neutrons bound by the exchange of pion and other mesons. Also, protons and neutrons are
made of quarks bound by the exchange of gluons. These strong interactions are governed by the non-Abelian gauge theory called thequantum chromodynamics (QCD). On the basis of theoretical and numerical analyses of QCD, we study the interactions between the
nucleons, properties of the dense quark matter realized at the center of neutron stars, and properties of the hot quark-gluon plasma realized
in the early Universe. Strong correlations common in QCD and cold atoms are also studied theoretically to unravel the universal features ofthe strongly interacting many-body systems. Developing perturbative and non-perturbative techniques in quantum field theory and string
theory are of great importance not only to solve gauge theories such as QED and QCD, but also to find the theories beyond the standard
model of elementary particles. Various theoretical approaches along this line have been attempted.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Perturbative and non-perturbative methods in quantum field theories(2) Theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking(3) Lattice gauge theory(4) QCD under extreme conditions(5) Nuclear and atomic many-body problems

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Perturbative and non-perturbative methods in quantum field theories(1-1) 10th order QED calculation and the lepton anomalous magnetic moments
First preliminary value of the tenth-order QED contribution to the electron anomalous magnetic moment ae=(g-2)/2 was reported by
us in 2012. Since then, we have been improving and establishing its accuracy: We reevaluated the most difficult and large set of the
Feynman diagrams by using advanced techniques of numerical calculation especially suitable to RIKEN’s supercomputer. As a result, wehave obtained precise values for the eighth- and tenth-order terms. Assuming the validity of the standard model, it leads to theworld-best value of the fine-structure constant α-1(ae)=137.035 999 1570(29)(27)(18)(331), where uncertainties are from the eighth-orderterm, tenth-order term, hadronic and electroweak terms, and the experimental measurement of ae. This is the most precise value of αavailable at present in the world and provides a stringent constraint on possible theories beyond the standard model.
(1-2) Picard–Lefschetz theory and the sign problem
Understanding strongly-correlated quantum field theories and many-body systems has been one of the ultimate goals incontemporary physics. Exact diagonalization of a Hamiltonian provides us with complete information on the system; however, it usuallyrequires the huge computational cost and is limited to small systems. For large systems, numerical simulation on discretized space-timelattice with quantum Monte Carlo method is a powerful ab initio tool based on the importance sampling. In many quantum systems ofgreat interest, however, it suffers from the so-called sign problem; large cancellation occurs between positive and negative quantities toobtain physical signals, so that the computational time grows exponentially with the system size. So far, many attempts have been
proposed overcome the sign problem, which include the two promising candidates, the complex Langevin method and the
Lefschetz-thimble method. In particular, the Lefschetz-thimble approach is a generalization of the steepest descent method for multiple
oscillatory integrals. In the past few years, we have studied extensively the mathematical basis of the Lefschetz-thimble method as wellas its practical applications to quantum systems such as the real-time path integral for quantum tunneling, zero-dimensional bosonicand fermionic models, the one-site Hubbard model, and Polyakov-loop effective models for QCD. We have shown that the interference
among multiple Lefschetz thimbles is important to reproduce the general non-analytic behavior of the observables as a function of theexternal parameter. Such an interference is a key to understand the sign problem of finite-density QCD.
(1-3) Functional renormalization group

BEC-BCS crossover in cold fermionic atoms
We have developed a fermionic functional renormalization group (FRG) and applied this method to describe the superfluid
phase transition of the two-component fermionic system with an attractive contact interaction. The connection between thefermionic FRG approach and the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory with Gorkov and Melik-Barkhudarov(GMB) correction was clarified in the weak coupling region by using the renormalization group flow of the fermionic four-point
vertex with particle-particle and particle-hole scatterings. To go beyond the BCS+GMB theory, coupled FRG flow equations of thefermion self-energy and the four-point vertex are studied under an Ansatz concerning their frequency/momentum dependence. We
found that the fermion self-energy turns out to be substantial even in the weak coupling regime, and the frequency dependence ofthe four-point vertex is essential to obtain the correct asymptotic-ultraviolet behavior of the flow for the self-energy. The superfluid
transition temperature and the associated chemical potential were evaluated in the region of negative scattering lengths.
Tricritical point of the superconducting transition
The order of the phase transition in the Abelian Higgs model with complex scalar fields became of interest because of theanalyses of the spontaneous symmetry breaking due to radiative corrections in 3+1 dimensions, and of a superconductor near thecritical point with the dimensionally reduced Ginzburg-Landau theory. Indeed, the fluctuations of the gauge field were of great
importance and may even turn the second-order transition to first-order at least for strongly type-I superconductors. We analyzed- 305 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

the order of the superconducting phase transition via the functional renormalization group approach: We derived for the first time
fully analytic expressions for the β functions of the charge and the self-coupling in the Abelian Higgs model with N-component
scalar field in d = 3 dimensions. The result supports the existence of two charged fixed-points: an infrared (IR) stable fixed point
describing a second-order phase transition and a tricritical fixed point controlling the region of the parameter space that is
attracted by the former one. It was found that the region separating first and second-order transitions can be uniquely
characterized by the critical Ginzburg-Landau parameter, κc ≈ 0.62/ √ 2 for N=1.

Chiral dynamics under strong magnetic field
The magnetic field is not only interesting as a theoretical probe to the dynamics of QCD, but also important in cosmology andastrophysics: A class of neutron stars called magnetars has a strong surface magnetic field of order 1010 T while the primordial
magnetic field in early Universe is estimated to be even as large as ∼ 1019 T. In non-central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC,a magnetic field of the strength ∼ 1015 T perpendicular to the reaction plane could be produced and can have impact on thethermodynamics and transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma. We investigated the quark-meson model in a magnetic fieldusing the functional renormalization group equation beyond the local-potential approximation. We considered anisotropic wave
function renormalization for mesons in the effective action, which allows us to investigate how the magnetic field distorts the
propagation of neutral mesons. We found that the transverse velocity of mesons decreases with the magnetic field at all
temperatures. Also, the constituent quark mass is found to increase with magnetic field, resulting in the crossover temperaturethat increases monotonically with the magnetic field.
(1-4) Emergent space-time
In quantum field theories, symmetry plays an essential and exceptional role. Focusing on some proper symmetry and delving into its
meaning have been proven to be one of the most fruitful strategies. A recent example is the SO(2, 4) symmetry in AdS/CFT
correspondence which leads to unexpected connection between gravity and gauge theory defined in different dimensions. We offer
another example of quantum field theory where symmetry plays a central role and reveals interesting phenomena: Our focal point is theglobal conformal symmetry in two dimensional conformal field theory (2d CFT), which is homomorphic to SL(2, R). We have shown that
2d CFT admits a novel quantization which we call dipolar quantization. Usually the study of the quantum field theory starts by defining
the space-time where the field is situated. On the other hand, in our case, we first obtain quantum system and then the nature ofspace-time emerges. This is in accordance with the general ideas of emergent space-time such as those discussed in matrix models.
(2) Theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking(2-1) Dispersion relations of Nambu-Goldstone modes at finite temperature and density
We clarified the dispersion relations of Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes associated with spontaneous breaking of internal symmetries
at finite temperature and/or density. We showed that the dispersion relations of type-A and type-B NG modes are linear and quadratic in
momentum, whose imaginary parts are quadratic and quartic, respectively. In both cases, the real parts of the dispersion relations arelarger than the imaginary parts when the momentum is small, so that the NG modes can propagate for long distances. We derived thegap formula for NG modes in the presence of explicit symmetry breaking. We also discussed the gapped partners of type-B NG modes,
when type-A and type-B NG modes coexist.
(2-2) Effective field theory for space-time symmetry breaking
We studied the effective field theory for space-time symmetry breaking from the local symmetry point of view. By gauging space-timesymmetries, the identification of Nambu-Goldstone (NG) fields and the construction of the effective action were performed based on the
breaking pattern of diffeomorphism, local Lorentz, and isotropic Weyl symmetries as well as the internal symmetries including possible
central extensions in nonrelativistic systems. Such a local picture provides a correct identification of the physical NG fields, while thestandard coset construction based on global symmetry breaking does not. We also revisited the coset construction for space-timesymmetry breaking: Based on the relation between the Maurer-Cartan one-form and connections for space-time symmetries, weclassified the physical meanings of the inverse Higgs constraints by the coordinate dimension of broken symmetries. Inverse Higgs
constraints for space-time symmetries with a higher dimension remove the redundant NG fields, whereas those for dimensionlesssymmetries can be further classified by the local symmetry breaking pattern.
(2-3) Nambu-Goldstone modes in dissipative systems
Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in Hamiltonian systems is a universal and widely observed phenomena in nature, e.g., theelectroweak and chiral symmetry breakings, superconductors, ferromagnets, solid crystals, and so on. It is also known that the SSB
occurs even in dissipative systems such as reaction diffusion system and active matters. The translational symmetry in the reaction
diffusion system is spontaneously broken by a spatial pattern formation such as the Turing pattern in biology. The rotational symmetryis spontaneously broken in the active hydrodynamics which describes collective motion of biological organisms. We found that there exist
two types of NG modes in dissipative systems corresponding to type-A and type-B NG modes in Hamiltonian systems. By taking the O(N)scalar model obeying a Fokker-Planck equation as an example, we have shown that the type-A NG modes in the dissipative system are
diffusive modes, while they are propagating modes in Hamiltonian systems. We pointed out that this difference is caused by the existenceof two types of Noether charges, QαR and QαA : QαR are symmetry generators of Hamiltonian systems, which are not generally conserved indissipative systems. QαA are symmetry generators of dissipative systems described by the Fokker-Planck equation and are conserved. We
found that the NG modes are propagating modes if QαR are conserved, while those are diffusive modes if they are not conserved.
(3) Lattice gauge theory(3-1) Hadron interactions from lattice QCD
One of the most important goals in nuclear physics is to determine baryon-baryon interactions directly from QCD. To achieve thisgoal, the HAL QCD Collaboration has been developing a novel lattice QCD formulation (HAL QCD method) and performing
first-principles numerical simulations. We have calculated the spin-orbit forces for the first time from QCD by the HAL QCD method, and- 306 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

have observed the attraction in the 3P2 channel related to the P-wave neutron superfluidity in neutron star cores. Our calculation of theN-interaction shows that this system is bound in the 5S2 channel. We have shown that the interaction in the spin-singlet channel
is in the unitary region where the scattering length becomes large. Three-nucleon forces have been calculated for several heavy quark
masses. Our lattice calculations was extended to the heavy quark systems, e.g. the exotic tetraquark, Tcc and Tcs. Properties of the lightand medium-heavy nuclei (4He, 16O, 40Ca) have been calculated by combining the nuclear many-body techniques and the nuclear forces
obtained from lattice QCD. Also, we have theoretically and numerically shown that the Luscher’s method traditionally used in studying
the hadron-hadron interactions does not lead to physical results for baryon-baryon interactions unless the lattice volume isunrealistically large, so that the HAL QCD method is the only reliable approach to link QCD to nuclear physics.
As a part of the High Performance Computing Infrastructure (HPCI) Project 5, we have completed the generation of (2+1)-flavor full
QCD configurations with a large box, V=(8 fm)3, and with nearly physical pion mass, 145MeV, on the 10Pflops super computer “K”. We
are currently in the process of calculations of baryon-baryon interactions using these configurations.
(3-2) Momenta and Angular Momenta of Quarks and Gluons inside the Nucleon
Determining the quark and gluon contributions to the spin of the nucleon is one of the most challenging problems in QCD bothexperimentally and theoretically. Since the quark spin is found to be small (∼ 25% of the total proton spin) from the global analysis ofdeep inelastic scattering data, it is expected that the rest should come from the gluon spin and the orbital angular momenta of quarks
and gluons. We made state-of-the-art calculations (with both connected and disconnected insertions) of the momenta and the angularmomenta of quarks and gluons inside the proton. The u and d quark momentum/angular momentum fraction extrapolated to the physicalpoint is found to be 0.64(5)/0.70(5), while the strange quark momentum/angular momentum fraction is 0.024(6)/0.023(7), and that of thegluon is 0.33(6)/0.28(8). This implies that the quark spin carries a fraction of 0.25(12) of the proton spin. Also, we found that the quark
orbital angular momentum, which turned out to be dominated by the disconnected insertions, constitutes 0.47(13) of the proton spin.
(4) QCD under extreme conditions(4-1) Production and Elliptic Flow of Dileptons and Photons in the semi-Quark Gluon Plasma
A notable property of peripheral heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC is the elliptic flow which is a measure of the transfer of initial
spatial anisotropy to momentum anisotropy. Both the PHENIX experiment at RHIC and the ALICE experiment at LHC have announced
a puzzling observation; a large elliptic flow for photons, comparable to that of hadrons. We considered the thermal production of dileptons
and photons at temperatures above the QCD critical temperature (Tc) on the basis of semi-QGP, a theoretical model for describing thequark-gluon plasma (QGP) near Tc. With realistic hydrodynamic simulations, we have shown that the strong suppression of photons insemi-QGP due to the inhibition of colored excitations tends to bias the elliptical flow of photons to that generated in the hadronic phase.
This increases the total elliptic flow for thermal photons significantly towards the experimental data.
(4-2) Deriving relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory
Hydrodynamics describes the space-time evolution of conserved quantities, such the energy, the momentum, and the particle number.
It does not depend on microscopic details of the system, so that it can be applied to many branches of physics from condensed matter tohigh-energy physics. One of the illuminating examples is the recent success of relativistic hydrodynamics in describing the evolution of
QGP created in heavy-ion collisions. Inspired by the phenomenological success of relativistic hydrodynamics in describing QGP,
theoretical derivations of the relativistic hydrodynamics have been attempted on the basis of the kinetic theory, the fluid/gravity
correspondence, the non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and the projection operator method. In our study, a most microscopic andnon-perturbative derivation of the relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory was given on basis of the density operator withlocal Gibbs distribution at initial time. Performing the path-integral formulation of the local Gibbs distribution, we derived thegenerating functional for the non-dissipative hydrodynamics microscopically. Moreover, we formulated a procedure to evaluate
dissipative corrections.
(4-3) Hadron-quark crossover in cold and hot neutron stars
We studied bulk properties of cold and hot neutron stars (NS) on the basis of the hadron-quark crossover picture where a smoothtransition from the hadronic phase to the quark phase takes place at finite baryon density. By using a phenomenological equation of state(EOS) “CRover” which interpolates the two phases at around 3 times the nuclear matter density (ρ0), it is found that the cold NSs withthe gravitational mass larger than two solar mass can be sustained. This is in sharp contrast to the case of the first-order hadron-quarktransition. The radii of the cold NSs with the CRover EOS are in the narrow range (12.5±0.5) km which is insensitive to the NS masses.
Due to the stiffening of the EOS induced by the hadron-quark crossover, the central density of the NSs is at most 4 ρ0 and thehyperon-mixing barely occurs inside the NS core. This constitutes a solution of the long-standing hyperon puzzle first pointed out by
Takatsuka et al. The effect of color superconductivity (CSC) on the NS structures was also examined with the hadron-quark crossover
picture. For the typical strength of the diquark attraction, a slight softening of the EOS due to two-flavor CSC takes place and the
maximum mass is reduced by about 0.2 solar mass. The CRover EOS is generalized to the supernova matter at finite temperature todescribe the hot NSs at birth. The hadron-quark crossover was found to decrease the central temperature of the hot NSs under isentropic
condition. The gravitational energy release and the spin-up rate during the contraction from the hot NS to the cold NS were also
estimated.
(5) Nuclear and atomic many-body problems(5-1) Giant dipole resonance in hot nuclei
Over the last several decades, extensive experimental and theoretical works have been done on the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in
excited nuclei covering a wide range of temperature (T), angular momentum (J) and nuclear mass. A reasonable stability of the GDR
centroid energy and an increase of the GDR width with T (in the range ∼1−3 MeV) and J are the two well-established results. Someexperiments have indicated the saturation of the GDR width at high T: The gradual disappearance of the GDR vibration at much higher
T has been observed. Experiments on the Jacobi transition and the GDR built on superdeformed shapes at high rotational frequencies- 307 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

have been reported in a few cases. We have demonstrated that thermal pairing included in the phonon damping model (PDM) is
responsible for the nearly constant width of GDR at low temperature T < 1 MeV. We have also shown that the enhancement observed in
the recent experimentally extracted nuclear level densities in 104Pd at low excitation energy and various angular momenta is the firstexperimental evidence of the pairing reentrance in finite (hot rotating) nuclei. The results of calculations within the PDM were found in
excellent agreement with the latest experimental data of GDR in the compound nucleus 88Mo.
(5-2) Hidden pseudospin symmetries and their origins in atomic nuclei
The quasi-degeneracy between single-particle orbitals, (n,l,j=l+1/2) and (n−1,l+2,j=l+3/2), indicates a hidden symmetry in atomic
nuclei, the so-called pseudospin symmetry (PSS). Since the introduction of the concept of PSS in atomic nuclei, there have been
comprehensive efforts to understand its origin. Both splittings of spin doublets and pseudospin doublets play critical roles in theevolution of magic numbers in exotic nuclei discovered by modern spectroscopic studies with radioactive ion beam facilities. Since the
PSS was recognized as a relativistic symmetry in 1990s, many special features, including the spin symmetry (SS) for anti-nucleon, andother new concepts have been introduced. We have published a comprehensive review article (Liang et al., Phys. Rept. 2015) on the PSS
and SS in various systems, including extensions of the PSS study from stable to exotic nuclei, from non-confining to confining potentials,
from local to non-local potentials, from central to tensor potentials, from bound to resonant states, from nucleon to anti-nucleon spectra,
from nucleon to hyperon spectra, and from spherical to deformed nuclei. We also summarized open issues in this field, including the
perturbative nature, the supersymmetric representation with similarity renormalization group, and the puzzle of intruder states.
(5-3) Efimov Physics in cold atoms
For ultra-cold atoms and atomic nuclei, the pairwise interaction can be resonant. Then, universal few-body phenomena such as theEfimov effect may take place. We carried out an exploratory study suggesting that the Efimov effect can induce stable many-body groundstates whose building blocks are universal clusters. We identified a range of parameters in a mass and density imbalanced two-species
fermionic mixture for which the ground state is a gas of Efimov-related universal trimers. An explicit calculation of the trimer-trimer
interaction reveals that the trimer phase is an SU(3) Fermi liquid stable against recombination losses. We proposed to experimentallyobserve this phase in a fermionic mixture of 6Li-53Cr atoms. We have also written a comprehensive review article on theoretical andexperimental advances in Efimov physics.
(5-4) Supersymmetric Bose-Fermi mixtures
Some special Bose-Fermi mixtures of cold atoms and molecules in optical lattices could be prepared in such a way as they exhibit
approximate supersymmetry under the interchange of bosons and fermions. Since supersymmetry is broken at finite temperature and/or
density, an analog of the Nambu-Goldstone excitation, dubbed the “Goldstino”, should appear. We evaluated the spectral properties of theGoldstino in a Bose-Fermi mixture of cold atoms and molecules. We derived model independent results from sum rules obeyed by thespectral function. Also, by carrying out specific calculations with random phase approximation, analytic formula for the dispersion
relation of Goldstino at small momentum was obtained.

Members
Chief Scientist (Lab. Head)
Tetsuo HATSUDA (Deputy Director, RNC)
Vice Chief Scientist
Tsukasa TADA
Research & Technical Scientists
Takumi DOI (Senior Research Scientist)
Pascal Raphaël Gabriel NAIDON (Senior Research Scientist)

Yoshimasa HIDAKA (Senior Research Scientist)
Haozhao LIANG (Research Scientist)

Nishina Center Research Scientist
Makiko NIO
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Kanabu NAWA (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Kazuhiko KAMIKADO (– Mar. 31, 2016)
Shingo TORII (Apr. 1, 2015 – Mar. 31, 2016)
Toshifumi NOUMI (– Oct. 1, 2015)

Takashi SANO (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Noriaki OGAWA (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Hiroshi OKI (Apr. 1, 2015 –)Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers
Gergely Peter FEJOES (– Jul.15, 2015)
Di-Lun YANG (Sep. 1, 2015 –)Vojtech KREJCIRIK (– May 31, 2015)

Postdoctoral Researchers
Yoichi IKEDA (– Mar. 31, 2016)
Koich HATTORI (– Mar. 31, 2016)

Shinsuke YOSHIDA (– Mar. 31, 2015)

Research Consultant
Takeo INAMI (– Sep. 19, 2015)- 308 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Junior Research Associate
Masaru HONGO (Univ. of Tokyo, - Mar. 31, 2016)
International Program Associate
Zhaoxi LI (Oct. 1, 2015 – Mar. 31, 2016)
Shihang SHEN (Dec. 1, 2015 –)Visiting Researcher
Taro KIMURA (JSPS Fellow, Apr. 1, 2015 – May 31, 2015)
Kanako YAMAZAKI (JSPS Fellow, Apr. 1, 2015 – Mar. 31, 2016)

Kei SUZUKI (JSPS Fellow, Apr. 1, 2015 – Mar. 31, 2016)

Senior Visiting Scientist
Koichi YAZAKI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Visiting Scientists
Noriyoshi ISHII (Osaka Univ.)
Yoshitaka HATTA (Kyoto Univ.)
Motoi TACHIBANA (Saga Univ.)
Masashi HAYAKAWA (Nagoya Univ.)
Toichiro KINOSHITA (Cornell Univ.)
Kenji SASAKI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Shinya AOKI (Kyoto Univ.)
Hiroshi SUZUKI (Kyushu Univ.)
Keiko MURANO (Osaka Univ.)
Daisuke KADOH (KEK)
Yuji HIRONO (Univ. of Tokyo)
Tatsuyuki TAKATSUKA (Iwate Univ.)
Hong MAO (Hangzhou Normal Univ.)
Arata YAMAMOTO (Univ. of Tokyo)
Sho OZAKI (KEK)
Takashi OKA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Keitaro NAGATA (KEK)
Takashi INOUE (Nihon Univ.)
Kazuyuki KANAYA (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Sachiko TAKEUCHI (Japan College of Social Work)
Takayuki MATSUKI (Tokyo Kasei Univ.)

Takumi IRITANI (Kyoto Univ.)
Hiroshi TOKI (Osaka Univ.)
Tetsuo MATSUI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Makoto TAKIZAWA (Showa Pharm. Univ.)
Teiji KUNIHIRO (Kyoto Univ.)
Shoichi SASAKI (Tohoku Univ.)
Tatsumi AOYAMA (Nagoya Univ.)
Atsushi NAKAMURA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Takeo INAMI (Chuo Univ., National Taiwan University)
Koji HASHIMOTO (Osaka Univ.)
Minoru ETO (Yamagata Univ.)
Kanabu NAWA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Gergely FEJOS (Osaka Univ.)
Takashi SANO (AIST)
Shinsuke YOSHIDA (Niigata Univ., Central China Normal
University)
Toshifumi NOUMI (The Hong Kong University of Science andTechnology)
Shinya GONGYO (Kyoto Univ., CNRS)
Yoichi KAZAMA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kazuo FUJIKAWA (Nihon Univ.)

Student Trainees
Yasuki TACHIBANA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Tomoya HAYATA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Koichi MURASE (Univ. of Tokyo)
Yuya TANIZAKI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Ryuichi KURITA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kota MASUDA (Univ. of Tokyo)

Masanori YAMADA (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Terukazu ICHIHARA (Kyoto Univ.)
Yuta KIKUCHI (Kyoto Univ.)
Shoichiro TSUTSUI (Kyoto Univ.)
Takaya MIYAMOTO (Kyoto Univ.)
Shihang SHEN (Peking Univ.)

Part-time Workers
Yuki MINAMI (Oct. 1, 2014 – Mar. 31, 2015)
Yasuki TACHIBANA (– Sep. 18, 2015)
Tomoya HAYATA (– Apr. 30, 2015)

Koichi MURASE (– Oct. 3, 2015)
Kayo YAMAJI

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Yoichi Kazama, Shota Komatsu, and Takuya Nishimura, “On the singlet projector and the monodromy relation for psu(2, 2|4) spin chains andreduction to subsectors,” Journal of High Eenergy Physics 1509, 183 (2015).*
Yuya Tanizaki, Yoshimasa Hidaka, Tomoya Hayata, “Lefschetz-thimble analysis of the sign problem in one-site fermion model,” New Journalof Physics 18, 033002 (2016).*
Jean-Paul Blaizot, Yoshimasa Hidaka, Daisuke Satow, “Spectral properties of the Goldstino in supersymmetric Bose-Fermi mixtures,”Physical Review A92, 063629 (2015).*
Yuji Hirono, Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Jarzynski-type equalities in gambling: role of information in capital growth,” Journal of Statistical Physics,
161, 721 (2015).*
Yoshimasa Hidaka, Kazuhiko Kamikado, Takuya Kanazawa, Toshifumi Noumi, “Phonons, Pions and Quasi-Long-Range Order in Spatially
Modulated Chiral Condensates,” Physical Review, D92, 034003 (2015).*
Yoshimasa Hidaka, Shu Lin, Robert D. Pisarski, Daisuke Satow, “Dilepton and photon production in the presence of a nontrivial Polyakov
loop,” Journal of high energy physics, 10, 005 (2015).*- 309 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Tomoya Hayata, Yoshimasa Hidaka, Masaru Hongo, Toshifumi Noumi, “Relativistic hydrodynamics from quantum field theory on the basis of
the generalized Gibbs ensemble method,” Physical Review D92, 065008 (2015).*
Yoshimasa Hidaka, Toshifumi Noumi, Gary Shiu, “Effective field theory for spacetime symmetry breaking,” Physical Review D92, 045020(2015).
C. Gale, Y. Hidaka, S. Jeon, S. Lin, J. -F. Paquet, R.D. Pisarski, D. Satow, V.V. Skokov, G. Vujanovic, “Production and Elliptic Flow ofDileptons and Photons in the semi-Quark Gluon Plasma,” Physical Review Letters 114, 072301 (2015).*
Tomoya Hayata, and Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Dispersion relations of Nambu-Goldstone modes at finite temperature and density” PhysicalReview D 91, 056006 (2015).*
Ryoji Anzaki, Kenji Fukushima, Yoshimasa Hidaka, and Takashi Oka, “Restricted phase-space approximation in real-time stochastic
quantization,” Annals of Physics. 353, 107 (2015).*
T. Kimura, “Linking loops in ABJM and refined theory,” Journal of High Energy Physics 07, 030 (2015).*
T. Kimura and M. Murata, “Transport Process in Multi-Junctions of Quantum Systems,” Journal of High Energy Physics 07, 072 (2015).*
Yuki Iimori and Shingo Torii, “Relation between the Reducibility Structures and between the Master Actions in the Witten Formulation and the
Berkovits Formulation of Open Superstring Field Theory,” Journal of High Energy Physics 10 (2015) 127.*
Pascal Naidon, Shimpei Endo, and Antonio M García-García, “Scattering of universal fermionic clusters in the resonating group method,”
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 49, 034002 (2015).*
Shimpei Endo, Antonio M. García-García, and Pascal Naidon, “Universal clusters as building blocks of stable quantum matter,” PhysicalReview A 93, 053611 (2015).*
K. Fujikawa, C.H. Oh, K. Umetsu, and Sixia Yu, “Separability criteria with angular and Hilbert-space averages,” Annals of Physics 368 (2016)
248.*
K. Fujikawa, “Yang-Mills theory and fermionic path integrals,” Modern Physics Letters A31 (2016) 1630004.*
K. Fujikawa, “ The gradient flow in λφ^{4} theory ,” Journal of High Energy Physics 03 (2016) 021.*
K. Fujikawa and A. Tureanu, “Neutrino-antineutrino Mass Splitting in the Standard Model: Neutrino Oscillation and Baryogenesis,” Modern
Physics Letters A 30, 1530016 (2015).*
K. Fujikawa, Mo-Lin Ge, Yu-Long Liu and Qing Zhao, “Uncertainty principle, Shannon-Nyquist sampling and beyond,” Journal of PhysicalSociety of Japan 84, (2015) 064801.*
K. Suzuki, P. Gubler and M. Oka, “D meson mass increase by restoration of chiral symmetry in in nuclear matter,” Physical Review C 93,
045209 (2016).*
P. Gubler, K. Hattori, S.-H. Lee, M. Oka, S. Ozaki and K. Suzuki, “D mesons in a magnetic field,” Physical Review D 93, 054026 (2016).*
K. Suzuki and T. Yoshida, “Cigar-shaped quarkonia under strong magnetic field,” Physical Review D 93, 051502(R) (2016).*K. Masuda, T. Hatsuda and T. Takatsuka, “Hadron–quark crossover and hot neutron stars at birth,” Progress of Theoretical and Experimental
Physics 2016, no. 2, 021D01 (2016).*
P. Gubler, N. Yamamoto, T. Hatsuda and Y. Nishida, “Single-particle spectral density of the unitary Fermi gas: Novel approach based on theoperator product expansion, sum rules and the maximum entropy method,” Annals of Physics 356, 467 (2015).
G. Baym and T. Hatsuda, “Polarization of Direct Photons from Gluon Anisotropy in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions,” Progress ofTheoretical and Experimental Physics 2015, no. 3, 031D01 (2015).*
F. Lenz, K. Ohta and K. Yazaki, “Revision of the brick wall method for calculating the blacl hole thermodynamic quantities,” Physical Review
D 92, 064018 (2015)*.
G. Fejos, “Functional dependence of axial anomaly via mesonic fluctuations in the three flavor linear sigma model,” Physical Review D 92,
036011(2015).*
K. Fukushima, Y. Tanizaki, “Hamilton dynamics of the Lefschetz thimble integration akin to the complex Langevin method,” Progress ofTheoretical and Experimental Physics (2015) 111A01.*
D. Mesterhazy, J. H. Stockemer, Y. Tanizaki, “From quantum to classical dynamics: The relativistic O(N) model in the framework of real-timefunctional renormalization group,” Physical Review D 92 (2015) 076001.*
Y. Tanizaki, H. Nishimura, K. Kashiwa, “Evading the sign problem in the mean-field approximation through Lefschetz-thimble path integral,”Physical Review D 91 (2015) 101701.*
Y. Tachibana and T. Hirano, “Interplay between Mach cone and radial expansion and its signal in gamma-jet events,” Physical Review C 93,
054907 (2016) .*N. Ishibashi, T. Tada, “Infinite circumference limit of conformal field theory,” Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 48 (2015)
315402.*
K. Fukushima, K. Hattori, H.-U. Yee, and Y. Yin, “Heavy Quark Diffusion in Strong Magnetic Fields at Weak Coupling and Implication to
Elliptic Flow,” Physical Review D 93 (2016) 074028. *K. Hattori, T. Kojo, and N. Su, “Mesons in strong magnetic fields: (I) General analyses,” Nuclear Physics A951 (2016) 1-30. *K. Hattori, K. Itakura, S. Ozaki, and S. Yasui, “QCD Kondo effect: quark matter with heavy-flavor impurities,” Physical Review D 92 (2015)
065003. *S. Ozaki, T. Arai, K. Hattori, and K. Itakura, “Euler-Heisenberg-Weiss action for QCD+QED,” Physical. Review D 92 (2015) 1, 016002. *S. Cho, K. Hattori, S. H. Lee, K. Morita, and S. Ozaki, “Charmonium Spectroscopy in Strong Magnetic Fields by QCD Sum Rules: S-Wave
Ground States,” Physical Review D 91 (2015) 045025. *Yoshitaka Hatta, Bo-Wen Xiao, and Di-Lun Yang, “Non-boost-invariant solution of relativistic hydrodynamics in 1+3 dimensions,” PhysicalReview D 93, 016012, (2016).*
Shi Pu and Di-Lun Yang, “Transverse flow induced by inhomogeneous magnetic fields in the Bjorken expansion,” Physical Review D 93,
054042, (2016).*
S. Ohnishi, Y. Ikeda, T. Hyodo and W. Weise, “Structure of the Λ(1405) and the K-d→πΣn reaction,” Physical Review C 93, no. 2, 025207(2016).*
K. Sasaki, S. Aoki, T. Doi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Ikeda, T. Inoue, N. Ishii and K. Murano (HAL QCD Collaboration), “Coupled channel approach tostrangeness S = -2 baryon-baryon interactions in Lattice QCD,” Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2015, 113B01 (2015).*
M. Yamada, K. Sasaki, S. Aoki, T. Doi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Ikeda, T. Inoue, N. Ishii, K. Murano and H. Nemura (HAL QCD Collaboration),“Omega-Omega interaction from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD,” Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2015, 071B01 (2015).*- 310 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

T. Inoue, S. Aoki, B. Charron, T. Doi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Ikeda, N. Ishii, K. Murano, H. Nemura and K. Sasaki (HAL QCD Collaboration),“Medium-Heavy Nuclei from Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions in Lattice QCD,” Physical Review C 91, 011001(R) (2015).*
M. Deka, T. Doi, Y.-B. Yang, B. Chakraborty, S.-J. Dong, T. Draper, M. Glatzmaier, M. Gong, H.-W. Lin, K.-F. Liu, D. Mankame, N. Mathur
and T. Streuer (chiQCD Collaboration), “Lattice Study of Quark and Glue Momenta and Angular Momenta in the Nucleon,” PhysicalReview D 91,014505(2015).*
Yuki Nakaguchi, Noriaki Ogawa, Tomonori Ugajin,“Holographic Entanglement and Causal Shadow in Time-Dependent Janus Black Hole,”
Journal of High Energy Physics, 1507 (2015) 080.*
Koji Hashimoto, Noriaki Ogawa, Yasuhiro Nakaguchi, “Holographic Heavy Quark Symmetry,” Journal of High Energy Physics, 1506 (2015)040.*
Y. Tanimura, K. Hagino, and H.Z. Liang, “Three-dimensional mesh calculations for covariant density functional theory”, Progress ofTheoretical and Experimental Physics 2015, 073D01 (2015).*
D.-Y. Cheng, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Prediction of charmoniumlike structures in the hidden-charm di-eta decays of higher charmonia,”
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Particle Physics 42, 015002 (2015).*
D.-Y. Cheng, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Hidden charm decays of X(3915) and Z(3930) as the P-wave charmonia, ” Progress of Theoretical andExperimental Physiscs 2015 043B05 (2015).*
Qing-Tao Song, Dian-Yong Chen, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “D_{s1}^*(2860) and D_{s3}^*(2860): Candidates for 1D charmed-strange
mesons, ” European Physical Journal C 75, 30 (2015).*
Bo Wang, Cheng-Qun Pang, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Pseudotensor meson family,” Physical Review D91,014025 (2015).*
D.-Y. Cheng, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Observation of e^+e^-  χ_{c0}ω and missing higher charmonium ψ(4S), ” Physical Review D91,
094023 (2015).*
Qin-Tao Song, Dian-Yong Chen, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Charmed-strange mesons revisited: mass spectra and strong decays,” PhysicalReview D 91, 054031 (2015).*
Kan Chen, Cheng-Qun Pang, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Light axial vector mesons,” Physical Review D 91, 074025 (2015).*
Qin-Tao Song, Dian-Yong Chen, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “Higher radial and orbital excitations in the charmed meson family,” PhysicalReview D 92, 074011-1-16 (2015).*
Cheng-Qun Pang, Bo Wang, Xiang Liu, and T. Matsuki, “High-spin mesons below 3 GeV,” Physical Review D 92, 014012-1-16 (2015).*(Review)
Haozhao Liang, Jie Meng, Shan-Gui Zhou, “Hidden pseudospin and spin symmetries and their origins in atomic nuclei”, Phys. Rept. 570(2015)*
K. Masuda, T. Hatsuda and T. Takatsuka, “Hyperon Puzzle, Hadron-Quark Crossover and Massive Neutron Stars,” European PhysicalJournal A52 (2016) 65 *D. R. Chakrabarty , N. Dinh Dang, V. M. Datar, “Giant dipole resonance in hot rotating nuclei,” The European Physical Journal A52 (2016)143*[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
K. Suzuki, P. Gubler and M. Oka, “D meson properties in nuclear medium from QCD sum rules,” to appear in Proceedings of 12th
international conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics(HYP2015), Tohoku University, Sendai, September 7-12, 2015.
Y. Tanizaki, H. Nishimura, K. Kashiwa, “Lefschetz-thimble path integral for solving the mean-field sign problem,” Proceedings of Science(LATTICE 2015) 282 (2015), 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe International
Conference Center, Kobe.
K. Hattori, L. McLerran, B. Schenke, “Geometrical scaling of jet fragmentation photons,,” to appear in Nuclear Physics A, proceedings of 25th
International conference on ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, Quark Matter 2015 (QM2015), Kobe Fashion Mart, Kobe, Japan,
September 27-October 3, 2015.*
K. Hattori, K. Itakura, “Photon and dilepton spectra from nonlinear QED effects in supercritical magnetic fields induced by heavy-ion
collisions,” to appear in Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement, proceedings of 7th International conference on Hard andElectromagnetic Probes of High-energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2015), McGill University, Montreal, Canada, June 29-July3,
2015.*
M. Kitazawa, M. Asakawa, T. Hatsuda, T. Iritani, E. Itou and H. Suzuki, “Thermodynamics and reference scale of SU(3) gauge theory from
gradient flow on fine lattices,'' 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015), Kobe, Japan, July 14-18, 2015.
T. Amagasa, S. Aoki, Y. Aoki, T. Aoyama, T. Doi, K. Fukumura, N. Ishii, K.-I. Ishikawa, H. Jitsumoto, H. Kamano, Y. Konno, H. Matsufuru, Y.
Mikami, K. Miura, M. Sato, S. Takeda, O. Tatebe, H. Togawa, A. Ukawa, N. Ukita, Y. Watanabe, T. Yamazaki and T. Yoshie, “Sharing
lattice QCD data over a widely distributed file system,” 21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics(CHEP2015) April 13–17, 2015, Okinawa, Japan, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 664, 042058 (2015).*
Y. Tanimura, K. Hagino, and H.Z. Liang, “Three-dimensional mesh calculations for covariant density functional theory”, in NUCLEARSTRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS ’15 (Proceedings of NSD15, Portoroz, Slovenia, 14-19 June 2015), AIP Conference Proceedings 1681,
030008 (2015).*
T. Matsuki, Dian-Yong Chen, and Xiang Liu, “Charged charmonium-like structures and the initial single chiral particle emission mechanism, ”
AIP Conference Proceedings 1701, 050010 (2016), XIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum held at St. Petersburg, Russia,
September 8-12, 2014, arXiv:1502.03906.
T. Matsuki, D.-Y. Cheng, and X. Liu, “The Initial Single Chiral Particle Emission Mechanism and the Predictions of Charged Charmonium-like
Structures,” Acta Physica Polonica Supplement 8, 153-158 (2015).
[Book](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
J.Y. Guo, H.Z. Liang, J. Meng, and S.G. Zhou, “Chapter 6: Relativistic symmetries in nuclear single-particle spectra”, in Relativistic Density
Functional for Nuclear Structure, edited by J. Meng (International Review of Nuclear Physics: Volume 10), World Scientific, 2016, pages
219-262.*[Others]
風間洋一(訳)，ヤン チェン・ニン（著）「マックスウェル方程式とゲージ理論の概念的起源」,パリティ 2015 年 9 月号，30(9),13-21.

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風間洋一，書評「超ひも理論をパパに習ってみた」,数理科学 2015 年 9 月号，53(9),60.
風間洋一，「弦理論は原理論か」,パリティ 2015 年 11 月号，30(11),6-13.
日高義将,「南部-ゴールドストンの定理の半世紀ぶりの一般化」, パリティ 2016 年 4 月号，31(4),19-25.
仁尾真紀子，「電磁気学と場の理論」，数理科学 2016 年 3 月号, 54(3), 14-19.

Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Yoichi Kazama, “Cognate structure at weak and strong coupling for three-point functions,” Invited lecture,エトヴェシ大学，ブダペスト，
October 21, 2016.
Yoichi Kazama, “AdS/CFT and Integraibility: Cognate structure at weak and strong coupling for three-point functions,” Invited talk,
NCTS(National Center for Theoretical Sciences) Annual theory meeting, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, December 11,
2015.
K. Fujikawa, ”Quadratic divergences and naturalness,” invited talk, Conference on new physics at the Large Hadron Collider, March 4, 2016,
Singapore.
K. Fujikawa, ”Lorentz invariant CPT breaking,” invited talk, Memorial meeting for Abdus Salam's 90th birthday, January 25, 2016, Singapore.
K. Fujikawa, ”Yang-Mills theory and path integrals,” invited talk, 60 years of Yang-Mills gauge field theories, May 27, 2015, Singapore.
Gergely Fejos, “Chiral symmetry restoration with functional renormalization group methods,” Theory Seminar, Wigner Research Centre,
Budapest, Hungary, January 9, 2015.
Gergely Fejos, “Functional renormalization group method in quantum field theory and its applications in strongly coupled systems,” Theory
Seminar, RCNP, Osaka University, Toyonaka, February 2, 2015.
Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Symmetry breaking and gapless excitations,” Topological Science Kick-off Symposium 2016, Keio University, 14-15 Mar.
2016.
Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Phonons, pions and quasi-long-range order in spatially modulated chiral condensates,” Molecule-type workshop on“Selected topics in the physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma and Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions,” YITP, September 14-26, 2015.
Yoshimasa Hidaka, “Magnetic Catalysis vs. Magnetic Inhibition,” QCD Chirality Workshop 2015, University of California, Los Angeles,
USA, January 21-23, 2015.
K. Suzuki, P. Gubler and M. Oka, “D meson properties in nuclear medium from QCD sum rules,” 12th International Conference onHypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015), Tohoku University, Sendai, September 7-12, 2015.
Pascal Naidon, “What determines the Efimov three-body parameter?” Invited talk, the International Workshop on Critical Stability in
Few-Body Systems, RIKEN, Wako, January 26, 2015.
Pascal Naidon, “Scattering of universal fermionic clusters,” Selected Presentation at the 21st International Conference on Few-Body
Problems in Physics, , Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 18, 2015.
Pascal Naidon, “Scattering of universal fermionic clusters,” Invited Presentation at the International Workshop on Critical Stability in
Few-Body Systems, February 4, 2016, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
Pascal Naidon, “Scattering of universal fermionic clusters,” Invited Presentation at the International Workshop on Critical Stability in
Few-Body Systems, February 4, 2016, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
Y. Tanizaki, Y. Hidaka, T. Hayata, “Lefschetz-thimble and complex Langevin approaches to Silver Blaze of one-site Hubbard model,” KEK
Theory Workshop December 1-5, 2015, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan.
Y. Tanizaki, H. Nishimura, K. Kashiwa, “Lefschetz-thimble path integral for solving the mean-field sign problem,” 33rd International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan.
Y. Tachibana, “Jet medium interactions,” invited talk, 6th Asian Triangle Heavy Ion Conference(ATHIC 2016), New Delhi, India, Feburary 19,
2016.*Y. Tachibana and T. Hirano, “Interplay between Mach cone and radial expansion in jet events,” 25th International conference on
ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, Quark Matter 2015 (QM 2015), Kobe Fashion Mart, Kobe, Japan, September 27-October 3,
2015.*Y. Tachibana and T. Hirano, “Hydrodynamic excitation by jets in the expanding QGP,” Hard Probes 2015, McGill University, Montréal, June30, 2015.*
Tsukasa Tada, “Dipolar quantization and the Hilbert space structure,” KEK Theory workshop 2015 December 1-5, 2015, KEK, Tsukuba,
Japan.
T. Hatsuda, “Lattice QCD approach to nuclear physics,” invited lecture at ECT* doctoral training program on Computational Nuclear Physics Hadrons, Nuclei and Dense Matter, Trento, Italy, April 13 - May 22 (2015).
T. Hatsuda, “QCD Spectral Functions,” invited talk, ECT* workshop on New perspectives on Photons and Dileptons in Ultrarelativistic
Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC and LHC, Trento, Italy, Nov. 30 - Dec. 11 (2015).
Tatsumi Aoyama, “Numerical evaluation of QED contribution to lepton g-2,” plenary talk, 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field
Theory (LATTICE 2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan.
K. Hattori, L. McLerran, B. Schenke, “Jet fragmentation photons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions,” 25th International conference on
ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, Quark Matter 2015(QM2015), Kobe Fashion Mart, Kobe, Japan, September 27-October 3,
2015.*
K. Hattori, K. Itakura, “Photon and dilepton spectra from nonlinear QED effects in supercritical magnetic fields induced by heavy-ion
collisions,” 7th International conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2015),
Montreal, Canada.*
K. Hattori, “Nonlinear QED effects on photon and dilepton spectra in supercritical magnetic fields,” New perspectives on Photons andDileptons in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC and LHC, ECT*, Dec. 9, 2015.
K. Hattori, “Charmonium spectroscopy in strong magnetic fields by QCD sum rules,” Hadrons and Hadron Interactions in QCD -- Effective
theories and Lattice --} (HHIQCD2015), YITP, Kyoto Univ., Mar. 10, 2015.
K. Hattori, “Photon propagation in strong magnetic fields,” QCD Chirality Workshop 2015, UCLA, Jan. 21-23, 2015.
Di-Lun Yang, “Two novel analytic solutions in relativistic hydrodynamics and magneto-hydrodynamics”, ITP seminar, Vienna University oftechnology, March 10, 2016, Vienna, Austria.

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Di-Lun Yang, “Collective flow of photons in strongly coupled gauge theories”, Nuclear physics colloquium, ITP Goethe University Frankfurt
am Main, March 3rd, 2016, Frankfurt, Germany.
K. Kamikado ,“Phase diagram of the U(2) x U(2) scalar model in three dimension” , 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory(LATTICE 2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan.
T. Noumi, “Effective Field Theory for Spacetime Symmetry Breaking,” Gordon Research Conference “String Theory and Cosmology,” Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, May 31- June 5 2015.
Y. Ikeda, “Status of Lattice QCD Simulations for Normal and Exotic Hadrons,'' Plenary invited talk, 12th International Conference on Low
Energy Antiproton Physics(LEAP2016), March 6-11, 2016, Kanazawa-Kagekiza, Kanazawa, Japan.
Y. Ikeda, “Search for Tetraquarks from lattice QCD simulation,'' Invited talk, International Workshop on ``Critical Stability in Few-Body
Systems,''
Feb. 1-5, 2016, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Y. Ikeda, “Lattice QCD study of Zc(3900),'' Plenary invited talk, the 31st Reimei WorkShop on Hadron Physics in Extreme Conditions at
J-PARC,
Jan. 18-20, 2016, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan.
Y. Ikeda, “Structure of Zc(3900) from coupled-channel scattering on the lattice,” Symposium on “Quarks to Universe in Computational
Science (QUCS 2015),” November 4-8, 2015, Nara Kasugano International Forum, Nara, Japan.
Y. Ikeda, “Structure of Zc(3900) from lattice QCD,'' Plenary invited talk, Frontiers in hadron and nuclear physics with strangeness and charm,
October 19 - 23, 2015, ECT*, Trento, Italy.
Y. Ikeda, “Zc(3900)$ from coupled-channel HAL QCD approach on the lattice,” Invited talk, 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field
Theory (Lattice2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan.
Y. Ikeda, “On the structure of Zc(3900) from lattice QCD,” Invited talk, 10th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons(NSTAR2015), May 25-28, 2015, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
M. Nio, “Status of QED contributions to lepton g-2,” g-2/EDM 10th collaboration meeting, J-PARC, Toukai, June 25, 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “Baryon Interactions from Lattice QCD with physical masses,” Invited talk, “The 31st Reimei Workshop on
Hadron Physics in Extreme Conditions at J-PARC,” J-PARC, Tokai, Japan, Feb. 17-21, 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “Nuclear Physics from Lattice QCD,” Invited Talk, “Symposium on Quarks to Universe in Computational
Science (QUCS 2015),” Nara Kasugano International Forum IRAKA, Nara, Japan, 4-8 Nov. 2015.
T. Doi, for chiQCD Collaboration, “A Lattice Study of Quark and Glue Momenta and Angular Momenta in the Nucleon,” Invited Talk, “The 10th
Circum-Pan-Pacific Spin Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics (Pacific Spin 2015),”
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 5-8 October 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “Towards lattice QCD baryon forces at the physical point: First results,” “The 12th International
Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015),” Tohoku University, Sendai, September 7-12, 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “First results of baryon interactions from lattice QCD with physical masses (1) -- General overview andtwo-nucleon forces --,” “The 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015),” Kobe, Japan, July 14-18, 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “Three-Nucleon Forces from Lattice QCD,” “Hadrons and Hadron Interactions in QCD – Effective theories
and Lattice – (HHIQCD2015),” Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto, Japan, Feburary15-March 21 2015.
T. Doi, for HAL QCD Collaboration, “HAL QCD method for hadron interactions on the lattice,” Invited Talk, “Multi-Hadron and Nonlocal Matrix
Elements in Lattice QCD (MNME 2015),” BNL, Upton, USA, February 5-6, 2015.
M. Hongo and Y. Hidaka, “Chiral-magnetohydorynamics from quantum field theory,” 13th international eXtreme QCD conference (eXtreme
QCD 2015), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, September 21-23, 2015.
Noriaki Ogawa, “Physical Approach to Fish Retinal Cone Mosaic,” RIKEN-NCBS Joint Meeting for Theoretical Biology, RIKEN, Wako, April
7-10, 2015.
Noriaki Ogawa, “Physical Modeling for Development of Fish Retinal Patterns,” YITP Long-Term Workshop on Non-equilibrium Physics,
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics(YITP), Kyoto, July 24, 2015.
Noriaki Ogawa, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Atsushi Mochizuki, Masashi Tachikawa, “Theoretical Analysis of Fish Retinal Cone Mosaic Formation,” 5thChina-Japan-Korea Colloquium on Mathematical Biology & 25th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Mathematical Biology, Doshisha
University, Kyoto, August 26-29, 2015.
Noriaki Ogawa, “Nambu and Living World: Symmetry Breaking and Pattern Selection in Cellular Mosaic Formation,” Osaka CTSR - Kavli
IPMU - RKEN iTHES International Workshop “Nambu and Science Frontier,” Osaka University, Toyonaka, November 17, 2015.
Di-Lun Yang,“Collective flow of photons in strongly coupled gauge theories”, YITP Nuclear Theory seminar, Kyoto University, November 19,
2015, Kyoto, Japan.
Di-Lun Yang, “Two novel analytic solutions in relativistic hydrodynamics and magneto-hydrodynamics”, H-ken colloquium, Nagoya University,
March 28, 2016, Nagoya, Japan.
H.Z. Liang, Lecture: “Relativistic symmetries in atomic nuclei”, Lectures on Covariant Density Functional Theory in Nuclear Physics, Jan
21-25, 2016, Changchun, China.
H.Z. Liang, Invited talk: “Towards the self-consistent and relativistic study of spin-isospin excitations in deformed nuclei”, SKLTP-BLTP Joint
Workshop on Physics of Strong Interaction, Oct 29-Nov 3, 2015, Guilin, China.
H.Z. Liang, “Localized form of Fock terms in nuclear covariant density functional theory”, YITP long-term workshop: Computational Advancesin Nuclear and Hadron Physics, Sep 21-Oct 30, 2015, Kyoto, Japan.
H.Z. Liang, Invited talk: “Towards the self-consistent and relativistic study of spin-isospin excitations in deformed nuclei”, The 5th Conference:
Collective Motion in Nuclei under Extreme Conditions, Sep 14-18, 2015, Krakow, Poland.
H.Z. Liang, Invited lecture: “Covariant density functional theory and nuclear spin-isospin excitations”, The 14th CNS International Summer
School, Aug 26-Sep 1, 2015, Wako, Japan.
H.Z. Liang, Invited talk: “Hidden pseudospin and spin symmetries in nuclei”, NORDITA Workshop “Chiral Bands in Nuclei”, Apr 20-22, 2015,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Domestic Conference]
日高義将,「自発的対称性と南部ゴールドストーンモード」, 理研研究会『これからの弦理論橋本研 closing 研究会～』，大河内ホール，理研，和光, 2015 年 2 月 21-22 日.

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服部恒一，板倉数記，「高強度磁場がひきおこす光子の分裂」，日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会，早稲田大学，東京, 2015 年 3 月 21-24 日.
日高義将，早田智也，本郷優，南佑樹，野海俊文,「相対論的流体の有効ラグランジアンと自発的対称性の破れ」,日本物理学会第 70 回年次
大会，早稲田大学，東京, 2015 年 3 月 21-24 日.
日高義将，「QGP の基礎的性質概観（粘性など）」 チュートリアル研究会「重イオン衝突の物理：基礎から最先端まで」, 理研，和光, 2015
年 3 月 25-27 日.
日高義将，「自発的対称性の破れと南部ゴールドストーンモード」，第 43 回北陸信越地区素粒子論グループ合宿研究会，国立妙高青少年
自然の家，2015 年 5 月 15-17 日.
日高義将，集中講義「有限温度・有限密度の場の量子論：基礎から最近の話題まで」 千葉大学, 2016 年 3 月 8-9 日.
日高義将，集中講義「平衡系，非平衡系における場の量子論」, 中央大学, 2016 年 1 月 6-8 日.
日高義将，「有限温度・有限密度の場の量子論: 基礎から応用まで」，三者若手夏の学校，ホテルたつき，蒲郡，2015 年 8 月 17 日-22 日.
日高義将，「南部ゴールドストンの定理とその発展」, シンポジウム講演，日本物理学会 第 71 回年次大会, 東北学院大学, 仙台，2016 年
3 月 19-22 日.
板倉数記，服部恒一，「強磁場中の光子が示す複屈折に対する媒質効果」，日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会，早稲田大学，東京, 2015 年 3
月 21-24 日.
安井繁宏，服部恒一，板倉数記，尾崎翔，「低温高密度クォーク物質における近藤効果」，日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会，早稲田大学，
東京, 2015 年 3 月 21-24 日.
上門和彦，“First and second order phase transitions in the U(2)xU(2) chiral model,” 三者若手夏の学校，ホテルたつき，蒲郡，2015 年 8 月
17 日-22 日.
上門和彦，“Phonons, Pions and Quasi-Long-Range Order in Spatially Modulated Chiral Condensates,”研究会「熱場の量子論とその応用」, 京
都大学基礎物理学研究所，京都市，2015 年 8 月 31 日−9 月 2 日.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Theoretical Research Division
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E. Hiyama, M. Isaka, M. Kimura, T. Myo., T. Motoba, “Resonant states of the neutron-rich ƭhypernucleus 7ȃHe ”, Physical Review C,
91, 054316 (2015).*
M. Isaka, M. Kimura, “Impurity effects of the ƭ particle on the 2Ș cluster states of 9Be and 10Be”, Physical Review C, 92, 044326 (2015).*
M. Isaka, M. Kimura, E. Hiyama, H. Sagawa, “Superdeformation of Ar hypernuclei”, Progress of Theoretical and㻌 Experimental
Physics, 103D02(9pages) (2015).*
S. Maeda, M. Oka, A. Yokota, E. Hiyama, Yan-Rui Liu, “A model of charmed baryon–nucleon potential and two- and three-body boundstates with charmed baryon”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 023D02 (29pages), (2016).
M. Yoshida, E. Hiyama, A. Hosaka, M. Oka, K. Sadato, “Spectrum of heavy baryons in the quark model”, Physical Review D, 92,
114029, (2015).*
E. Hikota, Y. Funaki, E. Hiyama, M. Oka, “Radiative capture reaction rate from ƭƭ to H dibaryon in the imaginary time method”,
Physical Review C, 92, 015205, (2015).*
N. Yamanaka, E. Hiyama, “Enhancement of the C P -odd effect in the nuclear electric dipole moment of 6Li ”. Physical Review C, 91, 054005(2015).*

2UDO3UHVHQWDWLRQV>,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHHWF@
E. Hiyama, “Recent progress of hypernuclear physics”, 21st International Conference on Few-body Problems in Physics, Chicago, USA,
May (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Strangeness and NS”, Neutrinos and Dark Matter in Nuclear Physics 2015, Jyväskylä, Finland, June (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Gaussian Expansion Method for quantum few-body problem and its application to atomic and nuclear physics”,
colloquium at the Physics department of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, June (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of neutron-rich ƭ hypernuclei”, 1st Hadron Spanish Network Days and Spanish-Japanese JSPS Workshop,
Valencia, Spain, June (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of Neutron Rich Lambda Hypernuclei”, The 9th APCTP-BLTP JINR Joint Workshop in Kazakhstan Modern
Problems in Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan, July (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Few-body view of hypernuclei”, EMMI Workshop: Anti-matter, hyper-matter and exotica production ad the LHC, Geneva,
Switzerland, July (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of neutron-rich $¥Lambda$ hypernucleus, $^7_¥Lambda ¥mathrm{He}$”, CKorJPARC Workshop, Waikoloa,
Busan, Korea, Aug. (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of few-body light ƭ hypernuclei”, HYP2015: 12th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange
Particle Physics, Sendai, Japan, Sep. (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Hypernuclei: An Overview”,XVI International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy, Newport News, VA, USA, Sep. (2015).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

E. Hiyama, “Structure of light Lambda hypernuclei”, International Conference on Nuclear Fragmentation 2015 (NUFRA2015), Kemer(Antalya), Turkey, Oct. (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of light ƭ few-body hypernuclei”, Korea Physics meeting, Gyeongju, Korea, Oct. (2015).
E. Hiyama, “Structure of neutron-rich ƭ hypernucleus 7ȃHe”, Japan-China Joint Symposium on Nuclear physics,Ibaraki, Osaka, Nov.
(2015).
E. Hiyama, “Significance of Studies on Light Hypernuclei”, The 2nd JLab Hypernuclar Workshop, Newport News, VA, USA, Mar.
(2016).
M. Isaka, “Structure of p-sd shell Lambda hypernuclei with AMD”, International workshop on strangeness nuclear physics-Future
prospect and challenging-, Wako, Japan, Aug. (2015).
M. Isaka, M. Kimura, “Structure of single Lambda Hypernuclei”, International workshop on ‘Future prospect in nuclear physics withstrangeness at J-PARC’, Wako, Japan, June(2015)
M. Isaka, K. Fukukawa, M. Kimura, E. Hiyama, H. Sagawa, Y. Yamamoto, “Impurity effects in deformed/clustering hypernuclei with
antisvmmetric molecular dynamics”, Symposium on ‘Quarks to Universe in Computatinal Science (QUCS2015),Nara, Japan,
Nov.(2015).
M. Isaka., “Effects of LNN three-body force in B_Lam,bda values of hypernuclei”, The 31st Reimei Workshop on Hadron Physics inExtreme Conditions at J-PARC, Tokai, Ibaraki, Jan.(2016).
M. Isaka, “Hypernuclear structure with antisymmetrized Molecular dynamics”, The 8th Japan-Italy Symposium, Wako, Saitama,Mar.(2016).
M. Isaka, “AMD Calculations of Medium/Heavy Hypernulei with, the ƭNN Three-Body Force in the Nijmegen Potential”,
Hypernuclear 2016, Newport News, USA, Mar.(2016).
S. Maeda, M. Oka, E. Hiyama, A. Yokota, RL. Yan, “YcN and Lambda_cNN bound states in the potential model”, The 12th International
conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics(HYP2015), Sendai, Japan, Sep.(2015).
H. Togashi, E. Hiyama, Y. Yamamoto, M. Takano, “Variational study of the equation of state for hyperonic neutron stars”, Neutrinos
and Dark Matter in Nuclear Physics 2015, Jyvaskyla, Finland, June(2015).
H. Togashi, Y. Takehara, S. Yamamuro, K. Nakazato, H. Suzuki, M. Takano, “Equation of state for nuclear matter in core-collapse
supernovae with realistic nuclear forces”, International Symposium on “Physics and Astonomy of Neutron Satrs and Supernovae”,
Mitaka, Japan, June(2015).
H. Togashi, E. Hiyama, Y. Yamamoto, M. Takano, “Variational approach to hyperonic nuclear matter”, International workshop on
strangeness nuclear physics, Wako, Saitama, Aug.(2015).
 >'RPHVWLF&RQIHUHQFH@஭ᆏᨻ⿱³6WUXFWXUHRI/DPEGDK\SHUQXFOHLPRGLILHGDQGSUREHGE\/DPEGDSDUWLFOHZLWKDQWLV\PPHWUL]HGPROHFXODUG\QDPLFV´5&13 ⌮ㄽࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮
Ⲉᮌ኱㜰 ᭶(2015).
஭ᆏᨻ⿱, “Structure of sd shell Lambda hypernuclei with antisymmetrized molecular dynamic”,.(. ⌮ㄽࢭࣥࢱ࣮-3$5& ศᐊࠊ-$($ ඛ➃ᇶ♏◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ඹദ◊✲఍ ࠕࢫࢺࣞࣥࢪࢿࢫ᰾≀⌮ࡢⓎᒎ᪉ྥࠖᮾᾏᮧⲈᇛ 8 ᭶(2015).
๓⏣Ἃ⧊, ᒸ┾, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, ᶓ⏣ᮁ, Yan Rui-Liu,“YcN interaction and YcNN charm nuclei”, ࢳ࣮࣒ࣕࣁࢻࣟࣥࡢᵓ㐀࡜┦஫స⏝,ᮾᾏⲈᇛ, 8 ᭶(2015).
⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ: “Few-body Problem in Physics –individual and Group behavior--͇,㻌RIKEN summer School Program⇃㇂ ᭶(2015)
஭ᆏᨻ⿱, ““AMD ࡟ࡼࡿࣁ࢖ࣃ࣮᰾ᵓ㐀◊✲࡜ Bȃࡢ㉁㔞౫Ꮡᛶ”, ࢫࢺࣞࣥࢪࢿࢫࢆྵࡴཎᏊ᰾࡜ࣂࣜ࢜ࣥ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡢᑗ᮶ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ◊✲఍, ᒱ㜧ᕷ, ᒱ㜧, 9 ᭶(2015).
๓⏣Ἃ⧊, ᒸ┾, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, ᶓ⏣ᮁ, Yan Rui-Liu, “」⣲ࢫࢣ࣮ࣜࣥࢢἲ࡟ࡼࡿ YcN ඹ㬆≧ែࡢ᥈⣴”, ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 71 ᅇ⛅Ꮨ኱఍, ኱㜰,
9 ᭶(2015)
஭ᆏᨻ⿱, “ࣃ࢖ࣃ࣮᰾ࡢ୙⣧≀ຠᯝ࡜ࣁ࢖࣭࣌ࣟࣥࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ࡛᥈ࡿཎᏊ᰾ᵓ㐀◊✲͆, ➨ 24 ᅇࠕ᰾≀⌮≀ᛶࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࠖ, ⯪ᶫᕷ, ༓ⴥ, 10᭶(2015).
஭ᆏᨻ⿱, “Hypernuclear structure with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics”, KEK ⌮ㄽࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲఍ࠕཎᏊ᰾࣭ࣁࢻࣟࣥ≀⌮ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ᑗ᮶ࠖ, ࡘࡃࡤᕷ, Ⲉᇛ, 11 ᭶(2015).
๓⏣Ἃ⧊, ᒸ┾, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, ᶓ⏣ᮁ, Yan Rui-Liu, “YcN2 య᮰⦡≧ែ࡜ඹ㬆≧ែ”, KEK ⌮ㄽࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲఍ࠕཎᏊ᰾࣭ࣁࢻࣟࣥ≀⌮ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ᑗ᮶ࠖ, ࡘࡃࡤᕷ, 11 ᭶(2015).
⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ: ࣑͆ࢡࣟࡢୡ⏺ࡢಶࠎ࡜㞟ᅋ͇⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࡜ぶࡋࡴ఍ᮾி, 2 ᭶ (2016).ᐩᶔ⏠ࠊ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚࠊ㮚㔝ṇ฼: ͆ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ኚศἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᭷㝈 ᗘࣁ࢖࣌ࣟࣥ≀㉁≧ែ᪉⛬ᘧࡢ◊✲͇ ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍➨  ᅇᖺḟ኱఍௝ྎ, 3 ᭶(2016).
ᒣ୰㛗㛩ࠊ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ: “Standard model contribution to the deuteron EDM with NN-ƭN coupling”, ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍ ➨ 71 ᅇᖺḟ኱఍, ௝
ྎ, 3 ᭶(2016).
⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ㸪LAZAUSKAS Rimantas㸪CARBONELL Jaume㸪ୖᮧṇᗣ: ͆ࢸࢺࣛࢽ࣮ࣗࢺࣟࣥࡢඹ㬆≧ែࡢ◊✲”, ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍ ➨ 71ᅇᖺḟ኱఍௝ྎ ᭶  
SUN Tingting, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, SCHULZE Hans-Josef, బᕝᘯᖾ, MENG Jie,: “Relativistic mean field description for cascade- hypernuclei”,᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍➨  ᅇᖺḟ኱఍ ௝ྎ, 3 ᭶(2016).
஭ᆏᨻ⿱, “ࣁ࢖ࣃ࣮᰾᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ƭNN ୕యຊࡢຠᯝ”, ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 71 ᅇᖺḟ኱఍, ௝ྎᕷ, ᐑᇛ, 3 ᭶(2016)๓⏣Ἃ⧊, ᒸ┾, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, ᶓ⏣ᮁ, Yan Rui-Liu, “࣊ࣅ࣮ࢡ࢛̿ࢡᴟ㝈࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Y_c_N ඹ㬆≧ែ”, ᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 71 ᅇᖺḟ኱఍, ௝ྎᕷ,3 ᭶(2016)๓⏣Ἃ⧊, ᒸ┾, ⫧ᒣャ⨾Ꮚ, ᶓ⏣ᮁ, Yan Rui-Liu, “The charm baryon-nucleon interaction and Lambda_c-NN nuclei”,Exotic hadrons
from high energy collisions, ி㒔, 3 ᭶(2016).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Radiation Laboratory
1. Abstract

Nucleons, such as protons and neutrons, are a bound state of constituent quarks glued together with gluons. The detail structure of
nucleons, however, is not well understood yet. Especially the mechanism to build up the spin of proton, which is 1/2, is a major problem inphysics of the strong force. The research goal of Radiation Laboratory is to solve this fundamental question using the world firstpolarized-proton collider, realized at RHIC in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in USA. RHIC stands for Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider, aiming also to create Quark Gluon Plasma, the state of Universe just after the Big Bang, and study its property. RIKEN-BNL
Research Center (RBRC) directed by S. Aronson carries our core team at BNL for those exciting researches using the PHENIX detector.
We have observed that the proton spin carried by gluons is finite and indeed sizable. We also identified W bosons in the electron/positron
decay channel and in the muon decay channel, with which we are about to conclude how much anti-quarks carry the proton spin. Other than
the activities at RHIC we are preparing and starting new experiments at J-PARC and Fermilab to study the nature of hadron. We are also
performing technical developments such as novel ion sources, fine-pitch silicon pixel detectors and high-performance trigger electronics.

2. Major Research Subjects

1) Spin physics with relativistic polarized-proton collisions at RHIC
2) Study of nuclear matter at high temperature and/or at high density
3) Technical developments on radiation detectors and accelerators

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Experimental study of spin structure of proton using RHIC polarized proton collider[See also RIKEN-BNL Research Center Experimental Group for the activities at BNL]
In 2015 the final neutral pion double spin asymmetry results at central rapidity and the highest collisions energies of 510 GeV havebeen successfully published for the PHENIX experiment. They very strongly confirm earlier global fits that the gluon spin contribution to
the proton spin is substantial and likely the dominating contribution. The increased collision energy extends the accessed gluon momentum
fraction down to previously inaccessible regions. Ongoing measurements of more forward hadrons will extend it to the lowest values
accessible before an eventual electron-ion collider. With the valence quark spin contribution already reasonably well known, thecontributions from sea quarks and orbital angular momenta remain to be understood. PHENIX has collected data to access the sea quark
polarizations via leptonic decays of W bosons. Preliminary results have been obtained using all the data taken so far. The central rapidity
electron decay channel results have been published while the forward muon decay channel results are being prepared for publication.
While orbital angular momentum cannot be directly accessed at RHIC, several transverse spin phenomena have been observed which
relate to orbital angular momentum and the overall three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. These phenomena in itself have become amajor field of research as the dynamics of the strong interaction is being probed. One recent surprise was the behavior of very forward
neutron asymmetries when colliding transversely polarized protons with protons, Al and Au ions as happened during the 2015 RHIC
running period.
To further investigate these effects the PHENIX experiment proposes substantial detector upgrades to go along the expected
accelerator improvements. The proposed upgrade replaces the present magnet with the Babar solenoid, and we are considering to build an
open-geometry forward spectrometer which can measure hadrons, photons, electrons, muons and jets. Especially forward jet and Drell-Yan(quark-antiquark annihilation into lepton pairs) transverse single spin asymmetries are the main goal of these upgrades. As a pilot
measurement, some of us are participating in the Fermilab Sea Quest experiment which has been collecting muon pairs using a 120-GeV
unpolarized proton at Fermilab. By measuring the unpolarized Drell-Yan process, we can study quark spin-orbit effects which supplement
what can be learned in the polarized Drell-Yan process. For many jet related measurements fragmentation functions are necessary to gain
spin and or flavor sensitivity. Those are currently extracted by some of us using the Belle data.
(2)

Experimental study of quark-gluon plasma using RHIC heavy ion collider[See also RIKEN-BNL Research Center Experimental Group for the activities at BNL]

We have completed several key measurements in the study of quark-gluon plasma at RHIC. As the top of them, we leadthe analysis of the first thermal photon measurement in heavy ion collisions. The measurement indicates that the initial
temperature reached in the central Au+Au collision at 200 GeV is about 350MeV, far above the expected transition
temperature Tc~170MeV, from hadronic phase to quark-gluon plasma. This work was rewarded by Nishina Memorial Prizegiven to Y. Akiba in 2011. We also measured direct photons in d+Au and direct photon flow strength v2 and v3. Using thesame “virtual photon” method used in the thermal photon measurement, measurement of direct photons in Cu+Cu collision is
on-going by a JRA student.
We lead measurement of heavy quark (charm and bottom) using VTX, a 4 layer silicon vertex tracker which we jointly
constructed with US DOE. The detector was installed in PHENIX in 2011. Analysis of heavy quark using the silicon vertex
detector is ongoing. The final results of the 2011 run was published in Physical Review C (PRC93, 034904 (2016). This is thefirst publication from VTX. The result showed that the electrons from bottom quark decay is suppressed for pT>4 GeV/c, but
the suppression factor is smaller than that of charm decay electrons for 3<pT<4 GeV/c. This is the first observation of bottom
electron suppression in heavy ion collisions, and the first result that shows the bottom and charm suppression is different.
PHENIX recorded approximately 10 times more data of Au+Au collisions in the 2014 run than the 2011 run. The analysis of- 322 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

this large dataset is on-going.
In Wako we are operating a cluster computer system specialized to analyze huge data sets taken with the PHENIX
detector. It consists of 28 nodes (18 old nodes and 10 new nodes) each of which has two CPUs and 10 sets of local disk fordata repository (old node: quad-core CPU, 1TB disk, new node: six-core CPU, 2TB disk). There are 264 CPU cores and 380
TB disks in total. This configuration ensures the fastest disk I/O when each job is assigned to the node where the required
data sets are stored. It is also important that this scheme doesn't require an expensive RAID system and network. Through thisdevelopment we have established a fast and cost-effective solution in analyzing massive data.
The 1.7 PB of data produced by the PHENIX experiment was reduced to 0.9PB and relocated to the new Hierarchical
Storage system (HSM) which is a part of HOKUSAI-GreateWave supercomputer system operated by the Advanced Centerfor Computing and Communication (ACCC).
(3)

Study of properties of mesons and exotic hadrons with domestic accelerators
Preparation of the experiment E16 at J-PARC 50-GeV PS is underway with several Grant-in-Aids. This experiment aims to performa systematic study of the spectral modification of low-mass vector mesons in nuclei to explore the chiral symmetry breaking in dense
nuclear matter, namely, the mechanism proposed by Nambu to generate the major part of hadron mass.
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is adopted for the two key detectors, GEM Tracker (GTR) and Hadron-blind Cherenkov
detector (HBD). With a cooperation with Japanese industries, large GEM foils (30cm x 30cm, the world-largest size at that time) were
newly developed. Through the beam tests at ELPH, J-PARC, LEPS, and RIKEN RIBF, the followings are achieved and proven; 1) required
position resolution of 0.1 mm, and 2) stable operation under the hadron-background environment, typically 30 times higher rate than that
expected in the J-PARC experimental area. The design parameters of the GTR and HBD were finalized and the mass-production of GEM isstarted. A beam-test result on the small-pad readout of HBD, which brings higher pion-rejection performance, is published. For theelectron ID, lead-glass calorimeter (LG) is also used. The lead-glass blocks are recycled from the TOPAZ experiment.
For the readout electronics of GEM, a preamp using the APV25 ASIC chip is developed, tested, and mass production is performed.
For the digitization and the data transfer, the SRS system developed by CERN is also tested and adopted. Another preamp-ASIC for thetrigger signal from GEM foils is also developed in cooperation with the KEK e-sys group, and test is still on-going. Trigger logic boards,
which are developed by Belle II collaboration, are tested with the firmware customized for this experiment. We have joined the
CERN-RD51 collaboration for the joint-development of the GEM & readout technology.
The development phase of the detectors is over and we are in the production phase. The parts for six modules of GTR and two
modules of HBD are delivered and ready to construction. For the readout/trigger electronics modules, the mass production will start aftersome remained tests. Due to the budgetary limitation, we aim to install a part of detectors, eight modules of GTR/HBD/LG out of 26
modules in full installation, at the beginning of experiment. The construction of the beam line is finally funded in KEK and started at
J-PARC in 2013. However, original completion date (March 2016) has been extended. Only the spectrometer magnet is re-assembled andlocated at the proper position in the planned beam line in October 2015, which uses new pole pieces and some additional parts fabricated in
2011-12 using a Grant-in-Aid.
(4)

Detector development for PHENIX experiment
After 7 years of hard work, we installed the silicon vertex tracker (VTX) into the PHENIX detector at RHIC in December 2010. VTX
is a 4-layer silicon tracker to measure heavy quark (charm and bottom) production in p+p and heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The detector
was funded by RIKEN and the US DOE. We and RIKEN BNL Research Center were responsible for construction and operation of theinner two pixel detectors.
Sea quark polarization measurement via W-boson production is one of the highlight of PHENIX spin program. In order to detect highmomentum muons from W-decay, we developed the momentum-sensitive trigger system for the PHENIX forward muon arms withcollaborators from KEK, Kyoto and Rikkyo University. Together with new hadron absorber, W-boson measurement was successfully
carried out using the new high momentum trigger. We accumulated high-integrated luminosity of about 250pb-1 in Run13 and almost
achieved our goal. The intensive analysis is underway towards the publication. Preliminary results were released in October 2014 and theanalysis is at the final stage towards the publication. Besides W detection, the trigger system has been also operated for heavy flavor meson
detection in conjunction with a forward vertex (FVTX) detector.
A silicon strip tracker R&D project for sPHENIX was launched in 2014. The high momentum resolution tracker system is theessential component of the temperature measurements using upsilon 3 states. This is one of 3 physics high-lighted goals of sPHENIX.
Prototyping silicon sensors and their readout high-density integrated circuits are currently ongoing. The readout chip is to be employed
FPHX chip, which was developed for PHENIX-FVTX detector. The low power consumption of the chip, i.e. 1/5th of SVX4 chip used for
pixel detector is the advantage so that the cooling system can be designed rather simple to reduce the material budget. The major technicalchallenge of the silicon strip tracker is to minimize the material budget in order to achieve the good momentum resolution.
(5)

Development of beam source
Under the collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory, we are developing various techniques for a laser ion source (LIS) to
provide high quality heavy-ion beams to the accelerators at present or in the future. In 2014, we installed a new LIS which provides various
species of singly charged ions to the RHIC-AGS complex. The commissioning was very successful and we have delivered C, Al, Ti, Si, Ta
and Au ions. We also demonstrated fast switching of ion species within one second. Last year we upgraded this LIS to provide gold beam
and other lighter ion beams simultaneously by installing another laser system. At the moment, all the ion beams except proton, neon anduranium are being supplied by the LIS and the capability of the fast switching species contributes enhanced versatility and uniqueness of
the at the RHIC-AGS. Besides, we are studying the highly charged ionization and magnetic field confinement of laser ablation plasma, and- 323 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

testing a linear accelerator model which selectively accelerates charge states.

Members
Chief Scientist (Lab. Head)
Hideto EN’YO (Director, RNC)
Vice Chief Scientist
Yasuyuki AKIBA
Research & Technical Scientists
Yasushi WATANABE (Senior Research Scientist)
Yuji GOTO (Senior Research Scientist)
Itaru NAKAGAWA (Senior Research Scientist)
Satoshi YOKKAICHI (Senior Research Scientist)

Ralf SEIDL (Senior Research Scientist)
Hiroaki ONISHI (Senior Research
Advanced Meson Science Lab.)

Scientist,

concurrent;

Contract Researchers
Takashi HACHIYA (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Maki KUROSAWA (Jun.1, 2015 – Oct. 31, 2015)
Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers
Sanghwa PARK (Apr. 1, 2015 – Jan. 31, 2016)
Postdoctoral Researchers
Takayuki SUMITA (May 1, 2013 – Dec. 31, 2015)
Junior Research Associates
Shinichi HAYASHI (Univ. of Tokyo, –Mar. 31, 2015)
Yuko SEKIGUCHI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Koki KANNO (Univ. of Tokyo)
Wataru NAKAI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Sanshiro MIZUNO (Univ. of Tsukuba, –Mar. 31, 2015)
Tomoya TSUJI (Univ. of Tokyo, – Mar. 31, 2015)
Tomoya HOSHINO (Hiroshima Univ.)
Shunsuke IKEDA (Tokyo Tech.)
Masafumi KUMAKI (Waseda Univ.)

Hiroshi NAKAGOMI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Yasuhiro FUWA (Kyoto Univ., – Mar. 31, 2015)
Satoshi YANO (Hiroshima Univ.)
Daisuke WATANABE (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Kohei TERASAKI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kazuya NAGASHIMA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Hikari MURAKAMI (Univ. of Tokyo)

International Program Associates
Sanghwa PARK (Seoul Nat’l Univ., – Feb. 26, 2015)
Inseok YOON (Seoul Nat’l Univ. – Feb. 22, 2016)
Minjung KIM (Seoul Nat’l Univ.)

Taebong MOON (Yonsei Univ.)
Se Young HAN (Ewha Womans Univ., Oct. 1, 2014 –)Senior Visiting Scientists
Toshiaki SHIBATA (Tokyo Tech.)Takashi NAKANO (Osaka Univ.)

Visiting Scientists
Kyoichiro OZAWA (KEK)
Susumu SATO (JAEA)
Megumi NARUKI (KEK)
Akitomo ENOKIZONO (Rikkyo Univ.)
Yoshinori FUKAO (KEK)
Michiko SEKIMOTO (KEK)
Kiyoshi TANIDA (Seoul Nat’l Univ.)
Hirotsugu KASHIWAGI (JAEA)
Taku GUNJI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Junpei TAKANO (KEK)
Kazuya AOKI (KEK)
Masashi KANETA (Tohoku Univ.)
Munehisa OHTANI (Kyorin Univ.)
Yorito YAMAGUCHI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Youngil KWON (Yonsei Univ.)
Kenichi NAKANO (Tokyo Tech.)Maya SHIMOMURA (Iowa State Univ.)
Noriyosu HAYASHIZAKI (Tokyo Tech.)Yuhei MORINO (KEK)

Kenji FUKUSHIMA (Keio Univ.)
Atsushi NAKAMURA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Ryo ICHIMIYA (KEK)
Tomohiro NISHITANI (Nagoya Univ.)
Tomonori TAKAHASHI (Osaka Univ.)
Tsutomu MIBE (KEK)
Makoto KUWAHARA (Nagoya Univ.)
Masahiro OKAMURA (BNL)
Shunzo KUMANO (KEK)
Bentz WOLFGANG (Tokai Univ.)
Alexander BAZILEVSKY (BNL)
Shin-ya SAWADA (KEK)
Ryotaro MUTO (KEK)
Masanori HIRAI (Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Kenta SHIGAKI (Hiroshima Univ.)
Sanghwa PARK (Seoul National University, Stony Brook
University)
Robert JAMESON (Goethe Universitat Frankfurt)- 324 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Student Trainees
Yusuke KOMATSU (Univ. of Tokyo)
Shoichiro NISHIMURA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Yuki OBARA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Yusuke OYA (Hiroshima Univ.)

Kazuya NAGASHIMA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Yosuke UEDA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Key NAGAI (Tokyo Tech.)Interns
Hidemitsu ASANO (Kyoto Univ.)
Chong KIM (Korea Univ.)
Kotoko SHUKUTANI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Yomei FUKUSHIMA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Junsang PARK (Seoul Nat‘l Univ.)

Jaehee YOO (Korea University)
Hidekazu MASUDA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Naoki FUJIYAMA (Rikkyo Univ.)

Part-time Workers
Maki KUROSAWA
Toru NAGASHIMA
Hikari MURAKAMI (Univ. of Tokyo)

Hidemitsu ASANO
Yusuke KOMATSU

AssistantKeiko SUZUKI

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Precision study of the η→μμγ and ω→μ+μμπ0 line shape in NA60. By NA60 Collaboration (R. Arnaldi et al.). Phys.Lett. B757 (2016) 437-444
Inclusive cross section and double-helicity asymmetry for π0 production at midrapidity in p+p collisions at √s=510 GeV. By PHENIX
Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. D93 (2016) no.1, 011501
Scaling properties of fractional momentum loss of high-pT hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at √sNN from 62.4 GeV to 2.76 TeV. By
PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. C93 (2016) no.2, 024911
Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from √sNN =7.7 to 200 GeV. By PHENIX
Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. C93 (2016) no.2, 024901
ϕ meson production in the forward/backward rapidity region in Cu+Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.).
Phys.Rev. C93 (2016) no.2, 024904
Centrality-dependent modification of jet-production rates in deuteron-gold collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare etal.). Phys.Rev.Lett. 116 (2016) no.12, 122301
Measurements of elliptic and triangular flow in high-multiplicity 3He+Au collisions at √sNN =200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare etal.). Phys.Rev.Lett. 115 (2015) no.14, 142301
ϕ meson production in d+Au collisions at √sNN =200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. C92 (2015) no.4, 044909
Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at √sNN 7.7−200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration(A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. C93 (2016) no.1, 011901
Measurement of parity-violating spin asymmetries in W±production at midrapidity in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions. By PHENIX
Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. D93 (2016) no.5, 05110313
Systematic study of charged-pion and kaon femtoscopy in Au + Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.).
Phys.Rev. C92 (2015) no.3, 034914
Charged-pion cross sections and double-helicity asymmetries in polarized p+p collisions at √s =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A.
Adare et al.). Phys.Rev. D91 (2015) no.3, 032001
Search for dark photons from neutral meson decays in p+pand d + Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.).
Phys.Rev. C91 (2015) no.3, 03190117
Low-mass vector-meson production at forward rapidity in p+p collisions at √s=200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev.
D90 (2014) no.5, 052002
Cross section for bbbar production via dielectrons in d+Au collisions at √sNN=200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev.
C91 (2015) no.1, 014907
Centrality dependence of low-momentum direct-photon production in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adareet al.). Phys.Rev. C91 (2015) no.6, 064904
Measurement of long-range angular correlation and quadrupole anisotropy of pions and (anti)protons in central d+Au collisions at √sNN =200
GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.). Phys.Rev.Lett. 114 (2015) no.19, 192301
Comparison of the space-time extent of the emission source in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (N.N.
Ajitanand et al.). Nucl.Phys. A931 (2014) 1082-1087
Measurement of Υ(1S+2S+3S) production in p+p and Au + Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.).
Phys.Rev. C91 (2015) no.2, 024913
Preliminary result of rapid solenoid for controlling heavy-ion beam parameters of laser ion source. By Masahiro Okamura, Megumi Sekine,
Shunsuke Ikeda, Takeshi Kanesue, Masafumi Kumaki, Yasuhiro Fuwa. Laser Part. Beams 33 (2015) no.02, 137-141
Plasma shape control by pulsed solenoid on laser ion source. By M. Sekine et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A,
A795 (2015) 151-155- 325 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Inclusive cross sections for pairs of identified light charged hadrons and for single protons in e+e- at √s= 10.58 GeV. By R. Seidl et al.,Physical Review D, D92 (2015) 9, 092007
Investigation of the Tail of a Fe Plasma Plume Passing Through Solenoidal Magnetic Field for a Laser Ion Source. By S. Ikeda, et al., IEEE
Transactions on Plasma Science, 43, 10, 3456-3460
Effect of the solenoid in various conditions of the laser ion source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. By S. Ikeda et al., Review of Scientific
Instruments, 87, 2, 02A915
Behavior of moving plasma in solenoidal magnetic field in a laser ion source. By S. Ikeda et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, 87, 2,
02A912
Heavy-quark production and elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at √sNN =62.4 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.), Phys. Rev. C, 91,
044907, 2015
Systematic study of azimuthal anisotropy in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions at √sNN =62.4 and 200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adareet al.), Phys. Rev. C, 92, 034913, 2015
Dielectrons production in Au + Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.), Phys. Rev. C, 93, 014904, 2015
Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =7.7-200GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration(A. Adare et al.), Phys. Rev. C, 93, 011901(R), 2015
Forward J/$¥psi$ production in U + U collisions at √sNN =193 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration (A. Adare et al.), Phys. Rev. C, 93, 034903,
2015
Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron decays in Au+Au collisions at √sNN =200 GeV. By PHENIX Collaboration(A. Adare et al.), Phys. Rev. C, 93, 034904, 2015
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
RF Acceleration of Ions Produced by Short Pulse Laser. By Yasuhiro Fuwa, Masaki Hashida, Yoshihisa Iwashita, Masahiro Okamura, Shuji
Sakabe, Hiromu Tongu and Atsushi Yamazaki. Proceedings, 6th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2015) : Richmond,
Virginia, USA, May 3-8, 2015
Measurement of Vector Meson Decays in Nuclei at J-PARC. By Y. Morino, K. Aoki, Y. Aramaki, H. En'yo, H. Hamagaki, J Kanaya, K. Kanno,
D. Kawama, A. Kiyomichi, Y. Komatsu, S. Masumoto, H. Murakami, R. Muto, W. Nakai, M. Naruki, Y. Obara, K. Ozawa, F. Sakuma, S.
Sawada, M. Sekimoto, T. Shibukawa, K. Shigaki, T. N. Takahashi, Y. S. Watanabe, S. Yokkaichi (J-PARC E16 Collaboration). JPS Conf.
Proc. 8, 022009 (2015)
The electronics, online trigger system and data acquisition system of the J-PARC E16 experiment. By T N Takahashi, E Hamada, M Ikeno, D
Kawama, Y Morino, W Nakai, Y Obara, K Ozawa, H Sendai, M M Tanaka, T Uchida and S Yokkaichi. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (JPCS), 664,
082053 (2015)
The Application of DAQ-Middleware to the J-PARC E16 Experiment. By E Hamada, M Ikeno, D Kawama, Y Morino, W Nakai, Y Obara, K
Ozawa, H Sendai, T N Takahashi, M M Tanaka and S Yokkaichi. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (JPCS), 664, 082016 (2015)
Development of GEM trigger electronics for the J-PARC E16 experiment. By Y. Obara, E. Hamada, M. Ikeno, D. Kawama, Y. Morino, W.
Nakai, K. Ozawa, H. Sendai, T. N. Takahashi, M. M. Tanaka, T. Uchida and S. Yokkaichi. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (JPCS), 664, 082043 (2015)
Cross Section and Asymmetry Measurement of Very Forward Neutral Particle Production at RHIC. By Yuji Goto for the RHICf Collaboration.
Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser. 40, 1660110 (2016).
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
H. Asano, “Latest results of heavy flavor measurements from the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC” in 6th Internalitioanl Workshop on HighEnergy Physics in the LHC Era, at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María in Valparaíso, Chili. 2016/1/7
R. Seidl, “Fragmentation measurements in Belle and Babar and impact on RHIC” in Resummation, Evolution and Factorization workshop
2015, REF2015. Hamburg, Germany, 2015/11/02
R. Seidl, “Forward spin + Cold nuclear matter measurements and forward Calorimetry” in Korea-Japan PHENIX meeting. Seoul, Korea,
2015/10/20.
R. Seidl, “Spin physics results from PHENIX” in International conference on New Frontiers in Physics 2015. Kolymbary, Greece, 2015/08/25.
R. Seidl, “fragmentation measurements in Belle” in PHENIX spinfest workshop. Tokai, Japan, 2015/07/22.
R. Seidl, “Fragmentation measurements in Belle” in High energy QCD - Nucleon structure meeting. Wako,Japan, 2015/06/30.
J. Yoo, “SMD gain calibration for local polarimeter at PHENIX” in J4th Japan-Korea PHENIX Collaboration Meeting. Hanyang University,
Seoul, Rep. of Korea, 2015/10/19-20.
Y. Goto, “Studies on transverse spin properties of nucleons at PHENIX” in 10th Circum-Pan-Pacific Spin Symposium on High Energy Spin
Physics (PacSpin 2015). Academia Sinica, Taipai, Taiwan. 2015/10/8.
Y. Goto, « RHIC-Spin Forward Physics” in Workshop on Forward Physics and High-Energy Scattering at Zero Degrees (HESZ 2015).
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, 2015/09/10.
[Domestic Conference]
R. Seidl, “fsPHENIX and eRHIC” in RHIC/PHENIX introductory meeting. Kyoto, Japan, 2015/12/02.
R. Seidl, “W measurements at PHENIX” in JPS Fall meeting. Osaka, Japan, 2015/9/26.
R. Seidl, “Fragmentation measurements in Belle” in JPS Fall meeting. Osaka, Japan, 2015/9/26.
R. Seidl, “di-hadron fragmentation in Belle” in JPS Spring meeting. Tokyo, Japan, 2015/03/24.
池田峻輔, レーザーアブレーションプラズマに対するパルス磁場の影響, 日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会, 早稲田大学,新宿、日本. 2015/3/21
四日市悟、原子核中の vector meson 測定 @ J-PARC, 研究会 「原子核媒質中のハドロン研究 III」, 高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 茨城県
東海村, 日本, 2015/10/20
後藤雄二他 RHICf Collaboration, RHIC における超前方生成粒子測定, 日本物理学会第７１回年次大会, 東北学院大学、仙台、日本、
2016/03/20.

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Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
S. Ikeda, ‘ Influence of Plasma Properties on Extracted Beam in Laser Ion Source Controlled by Mangetic Field’ in The 16th International
Conference on Ion Sources at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, USA. 2015/8/27
S. Ikeda, ‘Effect of Solenoidal Magnetic Field on Moving Plasma Used for Laser Ion Source’in The 16th International Conference on Ion
Sources at Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA, 2015/8/27
S. Ikeda, ‘Control of Laser Ablation Plasma by Pulsed Magnetic Field for Heavy Ion Beam’ in 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion
Accelerator Technology, at Yokohama, Japan. 2015/9/9- 327 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
1. Abstract

Particles like muons, pions, and kaons have finite life times, so they do not exist in natural nuclei or matters. By implanting theseparticles into nuclei/matters, exotic phenomena in various objects can be studied from new point of view.
Kaon is the second lightest meson, which has strange quark as a constituent quark. It is expected that if one embed mesons into nuclei,
the sizes of the nuclei become smaller and one can form a high-density object beyond the normal nuclear density. Study of this object could
lead to better understanding of the origin of the mass of the matter, and may reveal the quark degree of freedom beyond thequark-confinement. The other example is the weak interaction in nuclear matter. It can only be studied by the weak decay of hypernuclei,
which have Lambda particle in the nuclei.
Muon provides even wider scope of studies, covering condensed matter physics as well as nuclear and atomic physics, and we aretrying to extend the application field further into chemical and biological studies. For instance, stopping positively charged muon in amaterial, we obtain information on the magnetic properties or the local field at the muon trapped site (SR). Injecting negatively charged
muon to hydrogen gas, muonic hydrogen atom (p) is formed. We are planning to measure p hyperfine splitting energy to measure proton
magnetic radius, which is complementary quantity to the proton charge radius and its puzzle lately attracts strong interest. We are alsointerested in precision measurement of muon property itself, such as muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2).
In our research, we introduce different kind of impurities into nuclei / matters, and study new states of matter, new phenomena, or theobject properties.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Study of meson property and interaction in nuclei(2) Origin of matter mass / quark degree of freedom in nuclei(3) Condensed matter and material studies with muon(4) Nuclear and particle physics studies via muonic hydrogen(5) Development of ultra cold muon beam, and its application from material science to particle physics

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Hadron physics at J-PARC, RIKEN-RIBF, GSI and SPring-8
Kaon and pion will shed a new insight to the nuclear physics. The recent discovery of deeply bound pionic atom enables us toinvestigate the properties of mesons in nuclear matter. At RIKEN-RIBF, we are preparing precise experimental study of the pionic atom.
We have also started next generation kaon experiments (E15 and E31) at J-PARC. In these experiments, we are aiming to determine the
KbarN interaction precisely, clarify the nature of kaon in nuclei, and (1405) that could be K-p bound state. At Spring-8 and at GSI, we arealso aiming to study omega and eta’ nuclei. By these experiments, we aim to be a world-leading scientific research group using these lightmeta-stable particles.
(1-A) Deeply bound kaonic nuclei
We have performed experimental exploration of theoretically predicted deeply bound kaonic nuclear states, such as the <K-pp> boundstate. One of the most interesting features of the kaonic nucleus is the strong attraction of the KbarN interaction. Because of this strong
attraction, the kaon in nucleus will attract surrounding nucleons resulting in extremely high-density object, which is several times larger
than normal nuclear density. Measurement of the kaon properties at such high energy density will provide precious information on theorigin of hadron masses and the chiral symmetry breaking and its partial restoration.
The experiment J-PARC E15 aims to identify the nature of the <K-pp> bound state by the in-flight 3He(K-, n) reaction, which allows
us to investigate such state both in the formation via the missing-mass spectroscopy using the emitted neutron, and in its decay via theinvariant-mass spectroscopy by detecting decay particles from <K-pp>. For the experiment, we constructed a dedicated spectrometersystem at the secondary beam-line, K1.8BR, in the hadron hall of J-PARC.
The first physics data-taking was carried out in March and May, 2013 with 6x109 kaons on 3He target, corresponding to a ~1% of theapproved proposal. We successfully obtained semi-inclusive 3He(K-, n) X missing-mass spectrum, and found a tail structure just below themass threshold of (K- + p + p) which cannot be explained by well-known processes and backgrounds. We also demonstrated an exclusive
analysis by reconstructing 3He(K-, p) n events. To derive more information on the KbarN interaction by the exclusive measurement, we
carried out the second physics data-taking in November-December, 2015 with 43x109 kaon 3He target, in which 7 times more data was
accumulated. We have been analyzing the new data set, especially focusing on the 3He(K-, p)n channel. This analysis would give us the
new insight of the KbarN interaction below the mass threshold.
(1-B) Precision X-ray measurement of kaonic atom
Simultaneously with the above experiment (1), we have performed an X-ray spectroscopy of atomic 3d→2p transition of negatively
charged K-mesons captured by helium atoms. However, the energy resolution of the conventional semiconductor spectrometers is
insufficient to see the K- - nucleus potential observed by atomic levels at zero energy. This is closely related to the problem on the existenceof deeply bound kaonic states in nuclei, well below the atomic levels, and this is one of the biggest problems in strangeness nuclear physics.
Aiming to provide a breakthrough from atomic level observation, we will perform high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms at a
J-PARC hadron beam line using a novel cryogenic X-ray spectrometer: an array of superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES)
micro-calorimeters. The spectrometer offers unprecedented energy resolution, which is about two orders of magnitude better than that ofconventional semiconductor detectors. A spectrometer array of 240 pixels will have an effective area of about 20 mm2. Very recently, we- 328 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

have performed a proof-of-principle experiment by measuring pionic-atom X rays with a TES array at the PiM1 beam line at the Paul
Scherrer Institut (PSI), and successfully demonstrated the feasibility of TES-based exotic-atom x-ray spectroscopy in a hadron-beamenvironment. Based on the results, we are preparing for the kaonic-atom experiment at J-PARC.
Another important X-ray measurement of kaonic atom would be 2p→1s transition of kaonic deuteron. We have measured sametransition of kaonic hydrogen, but the width and shift from electro-magnetic (EM) value reflect only isospin average of the KbarN
interaction. We can resolve isospin dependence of the strong interaction by the measurement. We are presently preparing a proposal to
J-PARC PAC to measure kaonic deuteron X-ray.
(1-C) Deeply bound pionic atoms and ’ mesonic nuclei
We have been working on precision spectroscopy of pionic atoms systematically, that leads to understanding of the origin of hadronmass. The precision data set stringent constraints on the chiral condensate at nuclear medium. We are presently preparing for the precision
measurement at RIBF. The first measurement is aiming at 121Sn as the first step for the systematic spectroscopy. A pilot experiment was
performed in 2010, and showed a very good performance of the system. We have been analyzing the data to improve experimental setup of
the pionic atom spectroscopy at the RIBF in RIKEN. We expect to achieve better experimental resolution with much reduced systematic
errors.
We are also working on spectroscopy of ’ mesonic nuclei in GSI/FAIR. Theoretically, peculiarly large mass of ’ is attributed toUA(1) symmetry and chiral symmetry breaking. As a result, large binding energy is expected for ’ meson bound states in nuclei(’-mesonic nuclei). From this measurement, we can access information about partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear media via
the binding energy and decay width of ’-nuclear bound state.
(1-D) Hadron physics at SPring-8/LEPS2
Photo production of meson in nuclei is known to be a powerful tool to investigate property of the hadron in nuclear media. For thisstudy, we started a new experimental project named LEPS2 (Laser Electron Photon at SPring-8 II) in this RIKEN Mid-term. The
experimental hutch for LEPS2 at SPring-8 was constructed in March 2011, lead by RIKEN. The Large solenoid spectrometer magnet (2.96m inner diameter x 2.22 m length) was successfully transported from BNL (US) to SPring-8 and installed into LEPS2 hutch in 2011.
One of the first physics programs is photo-production of ’ in nuclei. Especially (p) is most important reaction channel, where wecan perform missing mass spectroscopy by detecting forward going proton. One of the big advantages of photo-production reaction is thatthe initial reaction is expected to be much cleaner than the hadron channel.
Detector construction for the first physics program is in progress. The 4 Electro-Magnetic calorimeter has been constructed andproton counter to detect forward going proton produced via (p) reaction was partially installed in November 2013. Engineering run for the
first experiment was performed in December 2013 to confirm performance of our detector system. Detector construction have been
completed and 1st physics data taking was starting since 2014. Based on data collected, detail analysis to extract signal of ’-mesic nucleus,
photoproduction of  etc are in progress.
(2) Muon science at RIKEN-RAL branch
The research area ranges over particle physics, condensed matter studies, chemistry and life science. Our core activities are based on
the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility located at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory (UK), which provides intense pulsed-muon beams. We havevariety of important research activities such as particle / nuclear physics studies with muon's spin and condensed matter physics by muon
spin rotation / relaxation / resonance (μSR).
(2-A) Condensed matter/materials studies with μSR
We have opened the new SR spectrometer named CHRONUS to collaborative experiments from the May-June cycle in 2014. To
have higher affinity on SR studies with the ISIS muon facility, common data acquisition (DAQ) system with the ISIS standard DAQ(DAEII) and the front-end control system (SECI) have been installed and optimized along with other equipment in Port-4. The same DAQ
and control systems will be installed in Port-2 as well. Thus, we can perform two independent SR experiments in Port-2 and 4 at the sametime, switching double-pulse to share beam between the two.
Among our scientific activities on SR studies from year 2014 to 2016, following six subjects of material sciences are most importantachievements at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility:
1) Novel superconducting state having partial nodal gaps in the one-dimensional organic superconductor-[BETS]2GaCl4.
2) Tiny magnetic moments and spin structures of Ir4+, Nd3+ and Sm3+ in pyrochlore iridates Nd2Ir2O7 andSm2Ir2O7.
3) Magnetism and spin structure in superoxide CsO2 and NaO2.
4) Magnetic properties of the nano-cluster gold in the border of macro- and micro- scale5) Coexistence of short-range ordered state and superconductive state in high-TC superconducting cuprate with theT’ structure.
6) Effects of the spatial distributions of magnetic moments and muon positions estimated from density
functional theory (DFT) and dipole-field calculations.
(2-B) Nuclear and particle physics studies via ultra cold muon beam and muonic atoms
If we can improve muon beam emittance, timing and energy dispersion (so-called “ultra-slow muon”), then the capability of SR
study will be drastically improved. The ultra-slow muon beam can stop in thin foil, multi-layered materials and artificial lattices, so one canapply the μSR techniques to surface and interface science. The development of ultra-slow muon beam is also very important as the sourceof ultra-cold (pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2 measurement. Therefore, we have been working on R&D study.
We had been working on the “ultra-slow muon” generation based on the following technique, namely, positive muon beam withthermal energy has been produced by laser ionization of muoniums in vacuum (bound system of μ+ and electron) emitted from the hottungsten surface by stopping “surface muon beam” at Port-3. However, the muon yield and obtained emittance was far from satisfactory,- 329 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

and remained to be far from any kind of realistic application.
Therefore, in this mid-term, we are developing two key components first, namely high efficiency muonium generator at room
temperature and high intensity ionization laser. The study of muonium generator has been done in collaboration with TRIUMF. In 2013, wedemonstrated at least 10 times increase of the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface of silica
aerogel. We also developed a high power Lyman-laser in collaboration with laser group at RIKEN. In this laser development, we
succeeded to synthesize novel laser crystal Nd:YGAG, which has an ideal wavelength property for laser amplification to generate Lyman-by four-wave mixing in Kr gas cell. We already achieved 5 times increase of Lyman- generation than before. Once the large-size crystal
for the main amplifier is completed, the new laser will ionize muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon beam generation. In
order to fully apply these new developments to slow muon generation, we designed and manufactured a new ultra-slow muon sourcechamber dedicated for silica aerogel with new features such as spin manipulation. The beam test started on Sep 2015.
Concerning the muonic atom, we are planning a new precise measurement of proton radius. A large discrepancy was found recently inthe proton charge radius between the new precise value from muonic hydrogen atom at PSI and those from normal hydrogen spectroscopy
and e-p scattering. We propose a precise measurement of Zemach radius (with charge and magnetic distributions combined) using the laser
spectroscopy of hyperfine splitting energy in the muonic hydrogen atom. Preparation of the hydrogen target, mid-infrared laser and muon
spin polarization detectors is in progress. Port-1, previously used for muon catalysed fusion, is now being converted for the dedicated useby the proton radius measurement involving laser.

Members
Chief Scientist (Lab. Head)
Masahiko IWASAKI
Vice Chief Scientist
Katsuhiko ISHIDA
Research & Technical Scientists
Isao WATANABE (Senior Research Scientist)
Kenta ITAHASHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Haruhiko OUTA (Senior Research Scientist)

Hiroaki OHNISHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Fuminori SAKUMA (Senior Research Scientist)
Yue MA (Research Scientist)

Contract Researchers
Yu OISHI (– May 5, 2015)
Shinji OKADA (– Dec. 31, 2015)
Masaharu SATO

Teiichiro MATSUZAKI (Main; Team Leader, Muon Data Team,
Dec. 1, 2014 – Mar. 30, 2015)

Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Tadashi HASHIMOTO (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Takahiro NISHI (Apr. 1, 2015 –)Research Consultants
Yoshinori AKAISHI (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Hironari MIYAZAWA

Masayasu KAMIMURA
Eiichi YAGI (Apr. 1, 2015 –)Junior Research Associates
Kazuo TANAKA (Univ. of Tokyo) (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Yuki NOZAWA (Kyoto Univ) (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Takuya SHIBUKAWA (Univ. of Tokyo) (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Hirotomo HAMANO (Osaka Univ.)

Nam TRAN (Osaka Univ.) (Apr. 1, 2014- )Ryo KITAMURA (Univ. of Tokyo, Apr. 1, 2015 –)Dita PUSPITA SARI (Osaka Univ., Apr. 1, 2015 –)Retno ASIH (Osaka Univ., Apr. 1, 2015 –)International Program Associates
Edi SUPRAYOGA (Bandung Inst. Tech.)Zhang QI (Lanzhou Univ.)
Noraina ADAM (USM, Feb. 15, 2014 –)Sungwon YOON (Catholic Univ. of Korea, Nov. 25, 2014 –)Saidah Sakinah Mohd Tajudin (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Oct. 1,
2015 –)

Senior Visiting Scientist
Kazuhiro TANAKA (KEK)
Visiting Scientists
Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Mototsugu MIHARA (Osaka Univ.)
Donald George FLEMING (Univ. of British Columbia/TRIUMF)
Yasuo NOZUE (Osaka Univ.)
Takehito NAKANO (Osaka Univ.)
Tadashi ADACHI (Tohoku Univ.)
Zyun Francis EZAWA (Tohoku Univ.)

Yasuyuki ISHII (Tokyo Med. Univ.)
Johann ZMESKAL (SMI)
Risdiana (UNPAD)
Norimichi KOJIMA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Takao SUZUKI (Shibaura Inst. of Tech.)
Masami IIO (KEK)
Georg Peter BERG (Univ. of Notre Dame)- 330 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Takayuki GOTO (Sophia Univ.)
Masaya ENOMOTO (Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Hiroyuki FUJIOKA (Kyoto Univ.)
Takayuki KAWAMATA (Tohoku Univ.)
Lee CHOW (UCF)
Helmut WEICK (GSI)
Harry W. K. TOM (UC Riverside)
Agustinus NUGROHO (ITB)
Kawakami Kenji ROLAND (Univ. of California, Riverside)
Ichiro SHIRAKI (Univ. of Yamanashi)
Kensuke SUZUKI (Tohoku Univ.)
Kyosuke ISODA (Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Ken SUZUKI (SMI)
Irwan DHARMAWAN (UNPAD)
Koji YOKOYAMA (Queen Marry Univ.)
Kazuki UENO (KEK)
Lusy SAFRIANI (UNPAD)
Hiroyuki NOUMI (Osaka Univ.)
Zhuan XU (Zhejiang Univ.)
Hiroshi TANIDA (Hiroshima Univ.)
Kenji KOJIMA (KEK)
Atsushi OKAZAWA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Tobat Parasian Irianto SARAGI (Univ. of Kassel)
Katsuhiko NISHIMURA (Univ. of Toyama)
Kenji MATSUDA (Univ. of Toyama)
Hexi SHI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Mohamed Ismail MOHAMED IBRAHIM (USM)
Shukri SULAIMAN (USM)

Kenji KAWASHIMA (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Ayi BAHTIAR (UNPAD)
Koichi ICHIMURA (Hokkaido Univ.)
Youichi IGARASHI (KEK)
Makoto YOKOYAMA (Ibaraki Univ.)
Ichihiro YAMAUCHI (KEK)
KwangYong CHOI (Chung-Ang Univ.)
Peklan TOH (Univ. Sains Malaysia)
Emma HAETTNER (GSI)
Andrea VACCHI (INFN)
Eiichi YAGI (Waseda Univ.)
Naohito SAITO (KEK)
Kouichirou SHIMOMURA (KEK)
Eiko TORIKAI (Univ. of Yamanashi)
Wataru HIGEMOTO (JAEA)
Yoji KOIKE (Tohoku Univ.)
Kazuhiko SATO (Saitama Univ.)
Masaru YOSOI (Osaka Univ.)
Dai TOMONO (Kyoto Univ.)
Kazuki OHISHI (Comprehensive Res. Org. for Sci. and Soc.)
Yasuhiro MIYAKE (KEK)
Prasad Tara DAS (SUNY)
Tsutomu MIBE (KEK)
Hiroko ARIGA (Hokkaido Univ.)
Satoru HIRENZAKI (Nara Women's Univ.)
Ryousuke KADONO (KEK)
Hideyuki TATSUNO (Lund Univ.)

Visiting TechniciansKazuo OOYAMA (JOHO com.)
Dita PUSPITA SARI (Inst. Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember)

Retno ASIH (Insti. Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember)Research Fellows
Yuta SADA (Kyoto Univ.)
Shun ENOMOTO (Osaka Univ.)

Natsuki HIROE (RCNP)

Student Trainees
Takahiro NISHI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Natsuki TOMIDA (Kyoto Univ.)
Sohtaro KANDA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kentaro INOUE (Osaka Univ.)
Yoshiki TANAKA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Hiroyuki YAMADA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Anba Datt PANT (Yamanashi Univ.)
Yuni WATANABE (Univ. of Tokyo)
Xingliang Xu (Saga Univ.)
Malik Anjelh BAQIYA (Tohoku Univ.)
Hiroki YAMAKAMI (Kyoto Univ.)
Shingo KAWASAKI (Osaka Univ.)
Ryo KITAMURA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kazuki MATSUI (Sophia Univ.)
Ainul Fauzeeha Binti ROZLAN (Univ. Saints Malaysia)
Saidah Sakinah Binti MOHD TAJUDIN (Univ. Saints Malaysia)

Kazuhiro KATONO (Hokkaido Univ.)
Shu AIKAWA (Tokyo Tech.)
Hiroshi HORII (Univ. of Tokyo)
Kenji TANIBE (Osaka Univ.)
Kien LUU (Osaka Univ.)
Kazuya KATAYAMA (Tokyo Tech.)
Koshi KURASHIMA (Tohoku Univ.)
Tomotaka UEHARA (Saitama Univ.)
Takuro FUJIMAKI (Yamanashi Univ.)
Govinda KHANAL (Yamanashi Univ.)
Akane SAKAUE (Kyoto Univ.)
Isao YANAGIHARA (Kitasato Univ.)
Muhamad UMAR (Hokkaido Univ.)
Fahmi ASTUTI (Hokkaido Univ.)

Part-time Workers
Makoto TOKUDA (Tokyo Tech.)
Majed ABDEL JAWAD (Waseda Univ.)
Taehyung KIM (Tokyo Tech.)

Yuki NOZAWA (Kyoto Univ.)
Saidah Sakinah MOHD TAJUDIN (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Fahmi ASTUTI (Hokkaido Univ.)

Assistants
Yoko FUJITA

Mitsue YAMAMOTO (May 1, 2014 –)- 331 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
A.D. Hillier, D.McK. Paul, K. Ishida, “Probing beneath the surface without a scratch — Bulk non-destructive elemental analysis using negative
muons”, Microchemical Journal, 125, 203-207 (2016). *P. Bakule, O. Sukhorukov, K. Ishida, F.L. Pratt, D. Fleming, T. Momose, Y. Matsuda, and E. Torikai, "First Accurate Experimental Study of Mu
Reactivity from a State-Selected Reactant in the Gas Phase: the Mu + H2{1} Reaction Rate at 300 K", J. Phys. B (At. Mol. Opt.) 48, 045204(2015). *T. Matsuzaki, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, “High-pressure solid hydrogen target for muon catalyzed fusion”, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear
Chemistry, DOI 10.1007/s10967-015-4080-y *Rakesh Mohan Das, Souvik Chatterjee, Masahiko Iwasaki, and Takashi Nakajima, “Ionization efficiencies of Doppler-broadened atoms bytransform-limited and broadband nanosecond pulses: one-photon resonant two-photon ionization of muoniums”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32,
1237-1244 (2015). *T.Hashimoto et al., “Search for the deeply bound K-pp state from the semi-inclusive forward-neutron spectrum in the in-flight K- reaction on
helium-3”, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 061D01 (2015). DOI 10.1093/ptep/ptv076 *[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Masaharu Sato, Katsuhiko Ishida, Masahiko Iwasaki, Sohtaro Kanda, Yue Ma, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Teiichiro Matsuzaki, Katsumi Midorikawa,Yu Oishi, Shinji Okada, Norihito Saito, Kazuo Tanaka and Satoshi Wada, “Laser Spectroscopy of Ground State Hyperfine Splitting Energyof Muonic Hydrogen”,Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc.8 , 025005 (2015). *R.Kitamura, G.Beer, K.Ishida, M.Iwasaki, S.Kanda, H.Kawai, N.Kawamura, W.Lee, S.Lee, G.M.Marshall, Y.Matsuda, T.Mibe, Y.Miyake,
S.Nishimura, Y.Oishi, S.Okada, A.Olin, M.Otani, N.Saito, K.Shimomura, P.Strasser, M.Tabata, D.Tomono, K.Ueno, E.Won and J-PARC
muon g-2/EDM collaboration, “Studies on Muonium Production from Silica Aerogel with Substructure for the Muon g-2/EDM Experiment”,
Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 025016 (2015).*
H. A. Torii, M. Aoki, Y. Fukao, Y. Higashi, T. Higuchi, H. Iinuma, Y. Ikedo, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, R. Kadono, O. Kamigaito. S. Kanda, D. Kawall,
N. Kawamura, A. Koda, K. M. Kojima, K. Kubo, Y. Matsuda, T. Mibe, Y. Miyake, T. Mizutani, K. Nagamine, K. Nishiyama, T. Ogitsu, R.
Okubo, N. Saito, K. Sasaki, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, M. Sugano, M. Tajima, K. S. Tanaka, D. Tomono, “Precise Measurement of
Muonium HFS at J-PARC MUSE”, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 025018 (2015).*
K. Ninomiya, M. K. Kubo, P. Strasser, T. Nagatomo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Ishida, W. Higemoto, N. Kawamura, K. Shimomura, Y. Miyake, T.
Suzuki, A. Shinohara, T. Saito, “Elemental Analysis of Bronze Artifacts by Muonic X-ray Spectroscopy”, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at
J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc., 8, 033005 (2015).*
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
K. Ishida, "Development of ultra-slow muon source based on room temperature muonium production target and its application to muon
g-2/EDM measurement", International USMM & CMSI Workshop: Fronties of Materials and Correlated Electron Science - from Bulk to Thin
Films and Interface, Tokyo, Jan 2016.
Y.Sada (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Exclusive Analysis of the in-flight 3He(K-, Λp)n_missing reaction to search for the KbarNN bound state”,
21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21), Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 2015.
F.Sakuma (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Recent results of the KbarNN search via the in-flight 3He(K-,n) reaction at J-PARC”, The 12th
International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015), Sendai, Japan, Sep 2015
T.Hashimoto (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Kaonic nuclei searchvia the in-flight (K-, n) reaction on helium-3”, ELPH workshop C013, Meson
Production and Meson-Baryon Interaction (MPMBI), Sendai, Sep 2015
H.Ohnishi (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Recent results of the experiment to search for KbarNN bound state via the in-fight 3He(K-,N)
reactions at J-PARC”, ECT*, Frontiers in hadron and nuclear physics with strangeness and charm, Oct 2015
F.Sakuma (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Experimental Investigations of the KbarN Interaction at J-PARC K1.8BR”, The 31st Reimei WorkShop
on Hadron Physics in Extreme Conditions at J-PARC, Tokai, Jan 2016
T.Yamaga (J-PARC E15 collaboration), “Recent result of an exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n analysis to search for KbarNN bound state”, International
workshop on "Progress on J-PARC hadron physics in 2016", Mar 2016
S.Okada (HEATES and J-PARC E17 collaborations), “ High-resolution Exotic-Atom x-ray spectroscopy with Transition-Edge-Sensor
microcalorimeters”, Jagiellonian Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Subatomic Physics, June 2015
S.Okada (HEATES collaboration), “Hadronic-atom X-ray spectroscopy with cryogenic detectors”, ECT*, Frontiers in hadron and nuclear
physics with strangeness and charm, Oct 2015
S.Okada, “Kaonic atom factory at J-PARC”, International workshop on physics at the extended hadron experimental facility of J-PARC, Mar
2016
T.Hashimoto (HEATES and J-PARC E62 collaborations), “Kaonic atom x-ray spectroscopy with superconducting microcalorimeters”, The 12th
International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2015), Sendai, Japan, Sep 2015
[Domestic Conference]
北村遼，深尾祥紀，石田勝彦，河村成肇，近藤恭弘，三部勉，三宅康博，大谷将士，Patrick Strasser，齊藤直人，下村浩一郎 他 J-PARC muon
g-2/EDM コラボレーション: "J-PARC ミューオン g-2/EDM 精密測定実験のためのミューオン再加速試験に向けた低速ミューオン源開発の準備状況", 日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会、早稲田大学、東京、3 月(2015)
山我拓巳(J-PARC E15 collaboration), ”3He(in-flight K-,n)反応を用いた反 K 中間子束縛状態探索のための水素・重水素標的を用いた素過程解析”, 日本物理学会秋季大会, 大阪市立大学, 大阪 9 月(2015)
山我拓巳(J-PARC E15 collaboration), ”J-PARC K1.8BR ビームラインに於ける 3He(K-,n)反応を用いた KbarNN 縛状態の探索”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, 東北学院大学, 3 月(2016)- 332 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

橋本直(HEATES and J-PARC E62 collaboration), ”超伝導遷移端マイクロカロリメータを用いた K 中間子原子 X 線精密分光実験 (2)”,
日本物理学会秋季大会, 大阪市立大学, 大阪 9 月(2015)
橋本直(J-PARC E15/E62 collaboration), “J-PARC K1.8BR における K-ビームを用いた KbarN 相互作用の研究”, 滞在型研究会＠JPARC「原子核媒質中のハドロン研究 III」, J-PARC, 10 月(2015)
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
S. Okada, P. Bakule, G. Beer, J. Brewer, Y. Fujiwara, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, S. Kanda, H. Kawai, N. Kawamura, R. Kitamura, W. Lee, Y. Ma,
G. Marshall, Y. Matsuda, T. Mibe, Y. Miyake, S. Nishimura, Y. Oishi, A. Olin, M. Otani, N. Saito, M. Sato, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, M.
Tabata, D. Tomono, K. Ueno, E. Won, K. Yokoyama, "Ultra-slow muon production with room-temperature thermal-muonium-emitting
material", The international workshop on future potential of high intensity proton accelerator for particle and nuclear physics (HINT2015),
Oct 2015- 333 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

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  - 338 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research Center
Computing Group
1. Abstract

The computing group founded in 2011 as a part of the RIKEN BNL Research Center established at Brookhaven National Laboratory
in New York, USA, and dedicated to conduct researches and developments for large-scale physics computations important for particle andnuclear physics. The group was forked from the RBRC Theory Group.
The main mission of the group is to provide important numerical information that is indispensable for theoretical interpretation ofexperimental data using the theories of particle and nuclear physics. Their primary area of research is lattice quantum chromodynamics(QCD), which describes the sub-atomic structures of hadrons, which allow us the ab-initio investigation for strongly interacting quantum
field theories beyond pertrubative analysis.
The RBRC group and its collaborators have emphasized the necessity and importance of precision calculations, which will precisely
check the current understandings of nature, and will have a potential to find a physics beyond the current standard model of fundamental
physics. We have therefore adopted techniques that aim to control and reduce any systematic errors. This approach has yielded many
reliable results.
The areas of the major activities are R&D for high performance computers, developments for computing algorithms, and researches ofparticle, nuclear, and lattice theories. Since the inception of RBRC, many breakthroughs and pioneering works has carried out incomputational forefronts. These are the use of the domain-wall fermions, which preserve chiral symmetry, a key symmetry forunderstanding nature of particle nuclear physics, the three generations of QCD devoted supercomputers, pioneering works for QCD
calculation for Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa theory, QCD+QED simulation for isospin breaking, novel algorithm for error reduction in
general lattice calculation. Now the chiral quark simulation is performed at the physical up, down quark mass, the precision for many basic
quantities reached to accuracy of sub-percent, and the group is aiming for further important and challenging calculations, such as the fulland complete calaution for K→ππ decay, ε’/ε, or hadronic contributions go muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, or Nucleon’s shape andstructures related to physics for future Electron Ion Collider (EIC).

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Search for new law of physics through tests for Standard Model of particle and nuclear physics, especially in the framework of the
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM), hadronic contributions to the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (g-2).
Dynamics of QCD and related theories, including study for the structures of nucleons related to physics for Electron Ion Collider(EIC or eRHIC).
Theoretical and algorithmic development for lattice field theories, QCD machine design.

3. Summary of Research Activity

In 2011, QCD with Chiral Quarks (QCDCQ), a third-generation lattice QCD computer that is a pre-commercial version of IBM’s Blue
Gene/Q, was installed as an in-house computing resource at the RBRC. The computer was developed by collaboration among RBRC,
Columbia University, the University of Edinburgh, and IBM. Two racks of QCDCQ having a peak computing power of 2 × 200 TFLOPS
are in operation at the RBRC. In addition to the RBRC machine, one rack of QCDCQ is owned by BNL for wider use for scientificcomputing. In 2013, 1/2 rack of Blue Gene/Q is also installed by US-wide lattice QCD collaboration, USQCD. The group has also used the
IBM Blue Gene supercomputers located at Argonne National Laboratory and BNL (NY Blue), and Hokusai and RICC, the supercomputers at RIKEN (Japan), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Jefferson Lab, and others.
Such computing power enables the group to perform precise calculations using up, down, and strange quark flavors with proper
handling of the important symmetry, called chiral symmetry, that quarks have. The group and its collaborators carried out the first
calculation for the direct breaking of CP (Charge Parity) symmetry in the hadronic K meson decay (K→ππ) amplitudes, ε’/ε, whichprovide a new information to CKM paradigm and its beyond. They also provide the hadronic contribution in muon’s anomalous magnetic’/ε, hadronic light-by-light of (g-2), are long waited calculation in theoretical physics delivered formoment (g-2)μ. These calculation for ε
the first time by the group. The K→ππ result in terms of ε’/εcurrently has a large error, and deviates from experimental results by 2.1 σ.
Hadronic Light-by-light contribution to (g-2)μ is improved by more than two order of magnitudes compared to our previous results. Other
projects including flavor physics in the framework of the CKM theory for kaons and B mesons that include the new calculation of b-baryon
decay, Λb→p; the electromagnetic properties of hadrons; the proton’s and neutron’s formfactors and structure function including electric
dipole moments; proton decay; nucleon form factors, which are related to the proton spin problem; Neutron-antineutron oscillations;
nonperturbative studies for beyond standard model such composite Higgs or dark matter models from strong strongly interacting gauge
theories; a few-body nuclear physics and their electromagnetic properties; and QCD thermodynamics in finite temperature/density systems
such as those produced in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

- 339 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Figure : Computed results of K→ππ decay amplitudes, isospin two, A2, and isospin zero A0 divided by 22.5 (left), the schematic
diagram of the decay (left).

Table: Summery of current physics program and their impacts- 340 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

more than x100 reduced cost !

Figure: Hadronic Light-by-light contribution to muon’s anomalous moment, diagram, integrand, results, which is improved by more than
two order of magnitudes compared to previous calculation.

Figure: Preliminary results for Nucleon’s Angular momentum (Moments of Generalized Parton Distributions)
The RBRC group and its collaborators have emphasized the necessity and importance of precision calculations, which will precisely
check the current understandings of nature, and will have a potential to find physics beyond the current standard model of fundamental
physics. We have therefore adopted techniques that aim to control and reduce any systematic errors. This approach has yielded many
reliable results, many of basic quantities are now computed within sub-percent accuracies.
The group also delivers an algorithmic breakthrough, which speed up generic lattice gauge theory computation. In this novel
technique called All Mode Averaging (AMA), the whole calculation is divided into frequent approximated calculations, and infrequent
expensive and accurate calculation using lattice symmetries. Together with another formalism, zMobius fermion, which approximate chirallattice quark action efficiently, the typical calculation is now improved by a couple of orders of magnitudes compared to the traditional
methods.

Fig.

The rack, motherboard, and chip of QCDCQ- 341 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Members
Group Leader (Lab. Head)
Taku IZUBUCHI
RBRC Researcher
Tomomi ISHIKAWA (RIKEN BNL Fellow)
Brian TIBURZI (RHIC Physics Fellow)
Ethan NEIL (RHIC Physics Fellow)

Stefan MEINEL (RHIC Physics Fellow)
Christopher KELLY (Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher)
Hiroshi OKI (Special Postdoctoral Researcher)

Visiting Scientists
Yasumichi AOKI (Nagoya Univ.)
Thomas BLUM (Univ. of Connecticut)
Chulwoo JUNG (BNL)
Christoph LEHNER (BNL)
Meifeng LIN (Yale Univ.)

Robert MAWHINNEY (Columbia)
Shigemi OHTA
Eigo SHINTANI (concurrent, Jul. 1, 2015 -, RIKEN AICS)
Sergey SYRITSYN (Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
T. Blum, P.A. Boyle, L. Del Debbio, R.J. Hudspith, T. Izubuchi, A. Jüttner, C. Lehner, R. Lewis, K. Maltman, M. Krstić Marinković, A. Portelli,
M. Spraggs (RBC and UKQCD Collaborations), “Lattice calculation of the leading strange quark-connected contribution to the muon g−2”,
Journal of High Energy Physics, April 2016, 2016 :63, 2016/4/11*
T. Blum, P. A. Boyle, T. Izubuchi, L. Jin, A. Jüttner, C. Lehner, K. Maltman, M. Marinkovic, A. Portelli, and M. Spraggs (RBC and UKQCD
Collaborations),“Calculation of the Hadronic Vacuum Polarization Disconnected Contribution to the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment”,
Physical Review Letters Volume 116, Article 232002, 2016/6/8*
Eigo Shintani, Thomas Blum, Taku Izubuchi, and Amarjit Soni (RBC and UKQCD collaborations), “Neutron and proton electric dipole
moments from Nf=2+1 domain-wall fermion lattice QCD”, Physical Review D Volume 93, Article 094503, 2016/5/5*
Thomas Blum, Norman Christ, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku Izubuchi, Luchang Jin, Christoph Lehner, “Lattice Calculation of Hadronic
Light-by-Light Contribution to the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment”, Physical Review D Volume 93, Article 014503, 2016/1/12*
Z. Bai, T. Blum, P. A. Boyle, N. H. Christ, J. Frison, N. Garron, T. Izubuchi, C. Jung, C. Kelly, C. Lehner, R. D. Mawhinney, C. T. Sachrajda, A.
Soni, and D. Zhang (RBC and UKQCD Collaborations), “Standard Model Prediction for Direct CP Violation in K→ππ Decay”, PhysicalReview Letters Volume 115, Article 212001, 2015/11/17*
J. M. Flynn, T. Izubuchi, T. Kawanai, C. Lehner, A. Soni, R. S. Van de Water, and O. Witzel (RBC and UKQCD Collaborations), “B→πℓν
and Bs→Kℓν form factors and |Vub| from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and relativistic heavy quarks”, PhysicalReview D Volume 91, Article 074510, 2015/4/14*
Matthew E. Matzelle and Brian C. Tiburzi “Low-energy QCD in the delta regime”, Physical Review D Volume 93, Article 034506, 2016/2/23*
William Detmold, Kostas Orginos, Assumpta Parreño, Martin J. Savage, Brian C. Tiburzi, Silas R. Beane, and Emmanuel Chang (NPLQCD
Collaboration), “Unitary Limit of Two-Nucleon Interactions in Strong Magnetic Fields”, Physical Review Letters Volume 116, Article
112301, 2016/3/14*
Jong-Wan Lee and Brian C. Tiburzi “Finite volume corrections to the electromagnetic mass of composite particles”, Physical Review D
Volume 93, Article 034012, 2016/2/8*
Michael G. Endres, Andrea Shindler, Brian C. Tiburzi, Andre Walker-Loud “Massive photons: an infrared regularization scheme for lattice
QCD+QED”, arXiv:1507.08916.
Emmanuel Chang, William Detmold, Kostas Orginos, Assumpta Parreño, Martin J. Savage, Brian C. Tiburzi, and Silas R. Beane (NPLQCD
Collaboration), “Magnetic structure of light nuclei from lattice QCD”, Physical Review D Volume 92, Article 114502, 2015/12/9*
Silas R. Beane, Emmanuel Chang, William Detmold, Kostas Orginos, Assumpta Parreño, Martin J. Savage, and Brian C. Tiburzi (NPLQCD
Collaboration), “Ab initio Calculation of the np→dγ Radiative Capture Process”, Physical Review Letters Volume 115, Article132001,
2015/9/24*
Brian C. Tiburzi, “Chiral corrections to nucleon two- and three-point correlation functions”, Physical Review D Volume 91, Article 094510,
2015/5/19*
Thomas Appelquist, Richard C. Brower, George T. Fleming, Anna Hasenfratz, Xiao-Yong Jin, Joe Kiskis, Ethan T. Neil, James C. Osborn,
Claudio Rebbi, Enrico Rinaldi, David Schaich, Pavlos Vranas, Evan Weinberg, Oliver Witzel ”Strongly interacting dynamics and the search
for new physics at the LHC”arXiv:1601.04027v2 [hep-lat] 28 Jan 2016
Jon A. Bailey, A. Bazavov, C. Bernard, C. M. Bouchard, C. DeTar, Daping Du, A. X. El-Khadra, J. Foley, E. D. Freeland, E. Gámiz, Steven
Gottlieb, U. M. Heller, R. D. Jain, J. Komijani, A. S. Kronfeld, J. Laiho, L. Levkova, Yuzhi Liu, P. B. Mackenzie, Y. Meurice, E. T. Neil,
Si-Wei Qiu, J. N. Simone, R. Sugar, D. Toussaint, R. S. Van de Water, Ran Zhou, (Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations), “B→Kl+l− decay form factors from three-flavor lattice QCD” Phys. Rev. D 93, 025026 – Published 27 January 2016*
Jon A. Bailey, A. Bazavov, C. Bernard, C. M. Bouchard, C. DeTar, Daping Du, A. X. El-Khadra, J. Foley, E. D. Freeland, E. Gámiz, Steven
Gottlieb, U. M. Heller, J. Komijani, A. S. Kronfeld, J. Laiho, L. Levkova, Yuzhi Liu , P. B. Mackenzie, Y. Meurice, E. T. Neil, Si-Wei Qiu, J.
Simone, R. Sugar, D. Toussaint, R. S. Van de Water, Ran Zhou, Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations), “|Vub| from B→πℓν
decays and (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD” Phys. Rev. D 92, 014024 – Published 23 July 2015*
Jon A. Bailey, A. Bazavov, C. Bernard, C. M. Bouchard, C. DeTar, Daping Du, A. X. El-Khadra, J. Foley, E. D. Freeland, E. Gámiz, Steven
Gottlieb, U. M. Heller, J. Komijani, A. S. Kronfeld, J. Laiho, L. Levkova, Yuzhi Liu , P. B. Mackenzie, Y. Meurice, E. T. Neil, Si-Wei Qiu, J.
Simone, R. Sugar, D. Toussaint, R. S. Van de Water, Ran Zhou, Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations), “The B→Dℓν form factors- 342 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)at nonzero recoil and |Vcb| from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD”, Phys. Rev. D 92, 034506 – Published 10 August 2015*
T. Appelquist, E. Berkowitz, R. C. Brower, M. I. Buchoff, G. T. Fleming, X.-Y. Jin, J. Kiskis, G. D. Kribs, E. T. Neil, J. C. Osborn, C. Rebbi, E.
Rinaldi, D. Schaich, C. Schroeder, S. Syritsyn, P. Vranas, E. Weinberg, and O. Witzel (Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) Collaboration)“Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 171803 – Published 23 October
2015*
T. Appelquist, R. C. Brower, M. I. Buchoff, G. T. Fleming, X.-Y. Jin, J. Kiskis, G. D. Kribs, E. T. Neil, J. C. Osborn, C. Rebbi, E. Rinaldi, D.
Schaich, C. Schroeder, S. Syritsyn, P. Vranas, E. Weinberg, and O. Witzel (Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) Collaboration) “Stealth dark
matter: Dark scalar baryons through the Higgs portal”, Phys. Rev. D 92, 075030 – Published 23 October 2015*
Thomas DeGrand, Yuzhi Liu, Ethan T. Neil, Yigal Shamir, and Benjamin Svetitsky “Spectroscopy of SU(4) gauge theory with two flavors ofsextet fermions”, Phys. Rev. D 91, 114502 – Published 10 June 2015*
Stefan Meinel, Danny van Dyk “Using Λb→Λμ+μ− data within a Bayesian analysis of |ΔB|=|ΔS|=1 decays” arXiv:1603.02974v1 [hep-ph]
9 Mar 2016
William Detmold and Stefan Meinel “Λb→Λℓ+ℓ− form factors, differential branching fraction, and angular observables from lattice QCD
with relativistic b quarks” Phys. Rev. D 93, 074501 – Published 1 April 2016*
William Detmold, Christoph Lehner, and Stefan Meinel “Λb→pℓ−ν¯ℓ and Λb→Λcℓ−ν¯ℓ form factors from lattice QCD with relativistic
heavy quarks” Phys. Rev. D 92, 034503 – Published 4 August 2015*
P.A. Boyle, N.H. Christ, N. Garron, C. Jung, A. Jüttner, C. Kelly, R.D. Mawhinney, G. McGlynn, D.J. Murphy, S. Ohta, A. Portelli, C.T.
Sachrajda, ”The Low Energy Constants of SU(2) Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory from Nf = 2+1 Domain Wall QCD” Phys.
Rev. D 93, 054502 – Published 9 March 2016*
T. Blum, P. A. Boyle, N. H. Christ, J. Frison, N. Garron, T. Janowski, C. Jung, C. Kelly, C. Lehner, A. Lytle, R. D. Mawhinney, C. T. Sachrajda,
A. Soni, H. Yin, and D. Zhang (RBC and UKQCD Collaborations) “K→ππ ΔI=3/2 decay amplitude in the continuum limit” Phys. Rev.
D 91, 074502 – Published 6 April 2015*[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Meifeng Lin, Eric Papenhausen, M. Harper Langston, Benoit Meister, Muthu Baskaran, Taku Izubuchi, Chulwoo Jung “Optimizing thedomain wall fermion Dirac operator using the R-Stream source-to-source compiler”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory, PoS(Lattice 2015) 022.
Luchang Jin, Thomas Blum, Norman Christ, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku Izubuchi, Christoph Lehner, “Hadronic Light by Light Contributions to
the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment With Physical Pions”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory,
arXiv:1511.05198.
Masashi Hayakawa, Thomas Blum, Norman Christ, Taku Izubuchi, Luchang Jin, Christoph Lehner, “On calculating disconnected-type
hadronic light-by-light scattering diagrams from lattice QCD”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory,
arXiv:1511.01493.
Salman Habib, Robert Roser, Tom LeCompte, Zach Marshall, Anders Borgland, Brett Viren, Peter Nugent, Makoto Asai, Lothar Bauerdick,
Hal Finkel, Steve Gottlieb, Stefan Hoeche, Paul Sheldon, Jean-Luc Vay, Peter Elmer, Michael Kirby, Simon Patton, Maxim Potekhin, Brian
Yanny, Paolo Calafiura, Eli Dart, Oliver Gutsche, Taku Izubuchi, Adam Lyon, Don Petravick, “High Energy Physics Forum for
Computational Excellence: Working Group Reports (I. Applications Software II. Software Libraries and Tools III. Systems) ” ,arXiv:1510.08545 , Oct 28, 2015. 76 pp.
Luchang Jin, Thomas Blum, Norman Christ, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku Izubuchi, Christoph Lehner, “Lattice Calculation of the Connected
Hadronic Light-by-Light Contribution to the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1509.08372.
Christoph Lehner, Taku Izubuchi, “Towards the large volume limit - A method for lattice QCD + QED simulations”, Proceedings of the 32nd
International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1503.04395
Tomomi Ishikawa, Yasumichi Aoki , Taku Izubuchi , Christoph Lehner, Amarjit Soni “B meson decay constants and ΔB=2ΔB=2 matrix
elements with static heavy and doma in-wall light quarks”, Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, PoS
LATTICE2014 (2015) 376
Michael G. Endres, Andrea Shindler, Brian C. Tiburzi, Andre Walker-Loud, “Photon mass term as an IR regularization for QCD+QED on thelattice”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1512.08983.
Brian C. Tiburzi, “Excited-state contamination in nucleon correlators from chiral perturbation theory”, Proceedings of the 8th International
Workshop on Chiral Dynamics, arXiv:1508.00163.
Piotr Korcyl, Christoph Lehner, Tomomi Ishikawa “Non-perturbative renormalization of the static quark theory in a large volume”,
Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, PoS(LATTICE2015) 254.
Tomomi Ishikawa, Yasumichi Aoki, Taku Izubuchi, Christoph Lehner, Amarjit Soni “B meson decay constants and ΔB=2ΔB=2 matrix
elements with static heavy and doma in-wall light quarks”, Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, ,PoS LATTICE2014 (2015) 376
Yasumichi Aoki, Tatsumi Aoyama, Ed Bennett, Masafumi Kurachi, Toshihide Maskawa, Kohtaroh Miura, Kohtaroh Miura, Kei-ichi Nagai,
Hiroshi Ohki, Enrico Rinaldi, Akihiro Shibata, Koichi Yamawaki, Takeshi Yamazaki “Lattice Studies on 8-Flavor QCD in The Light ofPhysics Beyond The Standard Model ” 18th Montpellier International Conference on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD 15),
Nucl.Part.Phys.Proc. 270-272 (2016) 242-246
Yasumichi Aoki, Tatsumi Aoyama, Ed Bennett, Masafumi Kurachi, Toshihide Maskawa, Kohtaroh Miura, Kei-ichi Nagai, Hiroshi Ohki, Enrico
Rinaldi, Akihiro Shibata, Koichi Yamawaki, Takeshi Yamazaki “Lattice study of the scalar and baryon spectra in many-flav” Contribution
to Sakata Memorial KMI Workshop on "Origin of Mass and Strong Coupling Gauge Theories (SCGT15)", 3-6 March 2015, Nagoya
University, arXiv:1510.07373
Cynthia Y.-H. Huang, Issaku Kanamori, C.-J. David Lin, Kenji Ogawa, Hiroshi Ohki, Alberto Ramos, Enrico Rinaldi “Lattice study for
conformal windows of SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories with fundamental fermions” Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1511.01968
N. Yamanaka, H. Ohki, S. Hashimoto, T. Kaneko “Nucleon axial and tensor charges with dynamical overlap quarks” Proceedings of the
33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1511.04589- 343 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Yasumichi Aoki, Tatsumi Aoyama, Ed Bennett, Masafumi Kurachi, Toshihide Maskawa, Kohtaroh Miura, Kei-ichi Nagai, Hiroshi Ohki, Enrico
Rinaldi, Akihito Shibata, Koichi Yamawaki, Takeshi Yamazaki “Walking and conformal dynamics in many-flavor QCD” Proceedings of the
33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, arXiv:1601.02287
Shigemi Ohta ”Some nucleon isovector observables from 2+1-flavor domain-wall QCD at the physical pion mass” The 33rd International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory 14 -18 July 2015 Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan
Sergey Syritsyn “Nucleon Structure on a Lattice at the Physical Point” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 640, conference 1[Book](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Brian C. Tiburzi “Chiral Perturbation Theory”, Lattice QCD for Nuclear Physics, Volume 889 of the series Lecture Notes in Physics pp
107-152, 2014/9/18
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
T. Blum "Progress on the muon anomalous magnetic momen from lattice QCD" Plenary talk (ChiralDynamics15)
T. Blum “Precision EW calculations for future experiments” Invited talk (Aspen Winter Conference on Particle Physics 2016)
T. Blum “hadronic contributions to the muon g-2” Invited talk (DPF-APS April Meeting 2016)
N. Christ, “Lattice QCD calculation of direct CP violation and long distance effects in kaon mixing and rare decays” Plenary talk (Flavor
Physics & CP Violation, Nagoya, May 2015)
N. Christ, “Using high performance computing to relate asymmetries in particle decays and Physics at the highest energies”, Invited talk,(Higgs Symposium, Edinburgh, Jan 2015)
T. Izubuchi, "Recent results of Lattice QCD using chiral quarks" Invited talk, Symposium on Quarks to Universe in Computational Science(QUCS 2015) November 4 -8 (talk November 4) 2015 , Nara, JapanT. Izubuchi, "Inclusive tau decay and Lattice QCD" Invited talk, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, "Lattice Gauge Theory for the LHC and
Beyond" September 7 - 27 (talk on Sep 23), 2015
T. Izubuchi, "Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon" Plenary talk, Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics workshop "Fundamental
Parameters from Lattice QCD" August 29 - September 5 (talk on Sep 1), 2015
T. Izubuchi, "g-2 LbL" Invited talk, Benasque workshop "High Precision QCD at low energy" August 2-12 (talk on Aug 5), 2015
T. Izubuchi, "Latice QCD moments - g-2 and nEDM-" Plenary talk, The 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Kobe, Japan
July 14-18, 2015 (talk on July 14)
T. Izubuchi, "Nucleon Structures using Lattice QCD" Invited talk, April 8-10 (talk on April 9), 2015, The 6th workshop of topical group on
hadronic physics, APS, Baltimore, MD
T. Izubuchi, "Introduction to forefront research topics at zero temperature Lattice Gauge Theory" Six 1.5-hours-long invited lectures Mar
16-20, 2015, The 4th Huada QCD school on Lattice QCD
1. General Introduction
2. Chiral Fermion 1
3. Chiral Fermion 2
4. Chiral Fermion 3
5. Algorithm
6. Particle Physics applications
T. Izubuchi, "All-mode averaging, zMobius, and their possible applications including DWF measurements on GPU" Invited talk, CCS-BNL
LGT2015 workshop, Mar 12-13, 2015, Tsukuba Univ, Tsukuba, JapanT. Izubuchi, "Nucleon's Electric Dipole Moment from quark's chromo EDM operator" Invited talk, May 1-2 (talk on May 1), 2015, USQCD All
hands meeting, FNAL, IL
E. Neil, "New Ideas for the Composition of Dark Matter" Plenary, KITP Blackboard Talk (Lattice Gauge Theory for LHC and Beyond), August
2015
S. Meinel, "Lattice progress for semileptonic $b$ decays", Invited talk (Implications of LHCb measurements and future prospects, CERN,
2015)
S. Meinel, "Hints for physics beyond the Standard Model in decays of beauty quarks", Colloquium (University of Utah, 2015)
S. Meinel, "Determination of $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$ using baryonic decays", Invited talk (Brookhaven Forum 2015)
S. Meinel, "Rare $b$ decays", Invited talk (LHP V, 2015)
S. Meinel, "Determination of $|V_{ub}/V_{cb}|$ using baryonic decays", Plenary talk (Lattice 2015)
S. Meinel, "Rare $b$ decays and lattice QCD", Invited talk (CIPANP 2015)
S. Meinel, "Lattice QCD and the search for new physics using beauty quarks", Invited talk (APS Four Corners Meeting, 2014)
C. Kelly, "Kaon decays on the lattice", Plenary talk (5th KEK Flavor Factory Workshop [KEK-FF2015]", Tokyo, Japan 10/2015)
C. Kelly, "CP violation in the kaon sector on the lattice", Plenary talk (MITP workshop: Fundamental Parameters in Lattice QCD", Johannes
Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany 09/2015)
C. Kelly, "Standard model prediction for direct CP-violation in K→ππ decay", Plenary talk (Lattice 2015, Kobe, Japan 07/2015)
H. Ohki, (Invited talk) “Composite Scalar Spectrum in many-flavor QCD”, KITP Program: Lattice Gauge Theory for the LHC and Beyond, The
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, September 18, 2015.
S. Syritsyn ” Nucleon structure results from LQCD using Wilson fermions ”, April 8-10 (talk on April 9), 2015, The 6th workshop of topicalgroup on hadronic physics, APS, Baltimore, MD
C. Kelly, "Standard model prediction for direct CP-violation in K→ππ decay", Seminar (Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA 12/2015)
C. Kelly, "Standard model prediction for direct CP-violation in K→ππ decay", Seminar (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization[KEK], Tsukuba, Japan 10/2015)
C. Kelly, "Lattice measurement of the Δ I = 1/2 contribution to Standard Model direct CP-violation in $K¥to¥pi¥pi$ decays at physicalkinematics", Seminar (University of Edinburgh, UK 09/2014)
Meifeng Lin, Eric Papenhausen, M. Harper Langston, Benoit Meister, Muthu Baskaran, Taku Izubuchi, Chulwoo Jung “Optimizing thedomain wall fermion Dirac operator using the R-Stream source-to-source compiler”, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on- 344 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Lattice Field Theory.
Hiroshi Ohki, “Walking and conformal dynamics in many-flavor QCD” Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field
TheoryHiroshi Ohki, “Lattice Study of Walking Dynamics in Many-flavor QCD”, Brookhaven Forum 2015: Great Expectations, a New Chapter,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, October 7, 2015.
Shigemi Ohta ”Some nucleon isovector observables from 2+1-flavor domain-wall QCD at the physical pion mass” The 33rd International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory 14 -18 July 2015 Kobe International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan[Domestic Conference]
Hiroshi Ohki, Lattice study of the scalar and baryon spectra in many-flav” Contribution to Sakata Memorial KMI Workshop on "Origin of Massand Strong Coupling Gauge Theories (SCGT15)", 3-6 March 2015, Nagoya University,- 345 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research CenterExperimental Group
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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN Facility Office at RAL
1. Abstract

Our core activities are based on the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), which provides
intense pulsed-muon beams. Muons have their own spins with 100% polarization, and can detect local magnetic fields and theirfluctuations at muon stopping sites very precisely. The method to study characteristic of materials by observing time dependent changes ofmuon spin polarization is called “Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (μSR method), and is applied to study electro-magnetic
properties of insulating, metallic, magnetic, superconducting systems. Muons reveal static and dynamic properties of electronic state ofmaterials in the zero-field condition, which is the ideal magnetic condition for researches on the magnetism. We have carried out μSR
investigations on frustrated pyrochlore systems, which have variety of exotic ground state of magnetic spins, so the magnetism study of thissystem using muon is quite unique.
The ultra-slow muon beam can be stopped in thin foil, multi-layered materials and artificial lattices, which enables us to apply the μSR
techniques to surface and interface science. The development of ultra-slow muon beam is also very important as a source of ultra-cold(pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2/EDM measurement. We have been developing muonium generators to create moremuoniums in vacuum even at room temperature to improve beam quality than the conventional hot-tungsten muonium generator. Veryrecently, we demonstrated tremendous increase of the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface ofsilica aerogel. We also developed a high power Lyman-alpha laser in collaboration with the Advanced Photonics group at RIKEN. The newlaser will ionize muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon beam generation.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Materials science by muon-spin-relaxation method(2) Hyperfine interactions at muon sites studied by the computation science(3) Nuclear and particle physics studies via muonic atoms and ultra-cold muon beam

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Material Science at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility
Muons have their own spins with 100% polarization, and can detect local magnetic fields and their fluctuations at muon stopping sites
very precisely. The SR method is applied to studies of newly fabricated materials. Muons enable us to conduct (1) material studies under
external zero-field condition, (2) magnetism studies with samples without nuclear spins, and (3) measurements of muon spin relaxation
changes at wide temperature range with same detection sensitivity. The detection time range of local field fluctuations by SR is 10-6 to
10-11 second, which is an intermediate region between neutron scattering method (10-10-10-12 second) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) (longer than 10-6 second). At Port-2 and 4 of the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility, we have been performing SR researches on strong
correlated-electron systems, organic molecules and biological samples to study electron structures, superconductivity, magnetism,molecular structures and crystal structures.
In the period from 2012 to 2015, we have obtained excellent results, and the highlights are listed in the following,
1) A static ordering of small Ir moments in the pyrochlore iridate; Nd2Ir2O7 is close to a quantum critical point.
2) A static ordering of Yb moment on the corner of the pyrochlore structure of Yb2Ti2O7 can be explained by the Higgs
mechanism.
3) Spontaneous small static internal fields in the superconducting state of URu2Si2 is an evidence of the appearance of an exotic
superconducting state.
4) Universality class of the Mott transition is confirmed in EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2.
5) Finding new muon sites in La2CuO4 which can be explained taking into account an effect of the spatial distribution of Cu spin.
6) A novel coexisting state between Fe spin-glass and Cu stripe ordered states in the overdoped regime of La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4.
Result-1 and 2) Solid observations of a statically magnetic-ordered state of corner-shared magnetic moments on pyrochlore systems
gave us new interpretations to understand exotic phenomena, like the quantum criticality of magnetic moments and a quasi-magnetic
monopole state. Result-3) We measured an increase of static internal fields at the muon site in the zero-field condition just below thesuperconducting transition temperature of URu2Si2. This could shed a light on the mechanism of the superconductivity, which has been along-standing problem of this system. Result-4) We have been developing gas-pressurized high-pressure apparatus, which can be used not
only for SR but also for other purposes. We have applied this pressure system to EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2, and have found that pressure
dependent resistivity and thermoelectric coefficient measurements have shown that the Mott transition belongs to the Ising universality
class even in two-dimensional states. Result-5) Well known and deeply investigated La2CuO4 has opened a new scheme of the Cu spin.
Taking into account the effect of the spatial distribution of Cu spin, we have succeeded to explain newly found muon sites and hyperfine
fields at those sites. Result-6) Fe spins form a spin glass state through the RKKY interaction in the over-doped regime inLa2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4. This spin glass state is expected to co-exist with the stripe ordered state at lower temperatures.
We have been developing muon activities in Asian countries. We enhanced international collaborations to organize new SR
experimental groups and to develop muon-site calculation groups using computational method. We have formed MOU with Universiti
Sains Malaysia (USM) in order to develop activities on the muon-site calculation. We have newly started collaboration in SR experiments
on strongly correlated systems with researchers from Taiwan and Korea including graduate student.
As for the facility upgrade, we start operating new SR spectrometer “Chronus”, multi-segmented counter arrays of 608 channels, inPort-4, in parallel with ARGUS in Port-2. Software system, for data acquisition and experimental condition control, is unified to the ISIS

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

standard system (DAE with SECI), which can handle muon signals more than 100 million events per hour, in both Port-2 and 4.
(2) Ultra Slow (low energy) Muon Beam Generation and Applications
Positive muon beam with thermal energy has been produced by laser ionization of muoniums (bound system of + and electron)
emitted from hot tungsten surface with stopping surface muon beam at Port-3. The method generates positive muon beam with accelerationenergy from several 100 eV to several 10 keV, small beam size (a few mm) and good time resolution (less than 8 nsec). By stopping theultra-slow muon beam in thin foil, multi-layered materials and artificial lattices, we can precisely measure local magnetic field in thematerials, and apply the SR techniques to surface and interface science. Since there has been no appropriate probe to study magnetism at
surface and interface, the ultra-slow muon beam will open a new area of these research fields. In addition, the development of ultra-slow
muon beam is very important as the source of ultra-cold (pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2/EDM measurement. It isessential to increase the slow muon beam production efficiency by 100 times for these applications. There are three key techniques inultra-slow muon generation: production of thermal muonium, high intensity Lyman-alpha laser and the ultra-slow muon beam line.
In the period from 2011 to 2015, we developed a high power Lyman-alpha laser in collaboration with the Advanced Photonics group at
RIKEN. The new laser will ionize muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon beam generation. This development was funded
mostly by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Frontier in Materials, Life and Particle Science Explored by Ultra
Slow Muon Microscope”. This Grant-in-Aid research group is a complex of research institutions from universities together with J-PARC
muon group and RIKEN. The new laser system was installed to J-PARC slow muon beam line and is being used for the generation ofultra-slow muons. In this development, we succeeded to synthesize novel ceramic-based Nd:YGAG crystal, and this crystal can also be
applicable to the flash-lamp based Lyman-alpha laser system of RIKEN-RAL to realize substantial improvement of the laser power at amuch reduced cost based on the experiences.
We also aimed to realize drastic improvements on the ultra-slow muon source with much reduced emittance. We have been developing
muonium generators to create more muoniums in vacuum even at room temperature. In 2013, we demonstrated at least 10 times increase of
the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface of silica aerogel. The measurement was carried out at
TRIUMF in collaboration with J-PARC muon g-2/EDM group. We believe that the better efficiency and beam quality can be achieved inultra-slow muon generation by using this new muonium source.
We are planning to feed these new techniques to RIKEN-RAL ultra-slow muon beam line to realize further development of ultra-slow
muon technology. The muonium production target section, which had been designed with hot tungsten, was completely redesigned andrebuilt to use advantage of the new room temperature silica aerogel target, such as no need of thermal shielding and spin control byapplying weak magnetic field, etc. Also, we adopted an all-cylindrical beam-transport design, because of its simpler optics and better
manufacture precision, which will contribute to the ultimate cold muon source required for muon g-2/EDM. The test experiment with themuon beam started in Sep 2015.
(3) New Proposal for Fundamental Physics
We proposed the measurement of the proton radius by using the hyperfine splitting of the 1S states of muonic hydrogen. Recent
measurement of the proton radius using muonic hydrogen at PSI revealed the proton radius is surprisingly smaller than the radius so far
measured using normal hydrogen spectroscopy and e-p scattering by more than 5 times their experimental precision. In contrast to theconventional measurement by means of electron, PSI experiment utilized muonic hydrogen atom, and measured two different allowedtransitions from one of the 2S levels to one of the 2P levels. The muonic atom has larger sensitivity to the proton radius because thenegative muon orbits closer to the proton, although there is no reason why these measurements can yield inconsistent results if there exists
no exotic physics or unidentified phenomenon behind. The cause of the discrepancy is not understood yet, thus a new measurement withindependent method is much anticipated.
There are two independent experimental proposals to RIKEN-RAL PAC to measure the hyperfine splitting energy of the 1S energy
levels by laser excitation from singlet ground state to triplet state. This energy splitting is sensitive to the Zemach radius, which is a
convolution of charge and magnetic distributions inside proton. Both are common to search resonant excitation from singlet 1S (F=0) totriplet 1S (F=1) using high intensity 6.7 μm excitation laser, but different scheme are proposed to detect the resonance. One is to detectmuon transfer to the surrounding impurity atom by x-ray (European group), and the other is to detect the muon decay asymmetry recovery
along the circularly polarized excitation laser, which selectively excites one of the F=1 states and regenerates the muon spin polarization(RIKEN group). RIKEN-RAL PAC accepted both proposals for their feasibility studies.
RIKEN laser group made basic design of the laser system, based on their recent success on mid-infared (6 μm) high-power pulse laser
system. There is no direct way to produce 6.7 μm lasers, so we started to test the wavelength conversion efficiency of the laser key
components. Other important progress is the background measurement. Since we need to stop muons in extremely low-density hydrogentarget to substantially reduce the polarization quenching effect due to the atomic collision, all the muons stopped in the material other than
the target can be a background source. Thus, we plan to use high Z materials for the target cell construction, so as all the muons stopping insurrounding materials quickly die out before the laser is introduced. We have started the measurement of long-life background level, andgot a reasonably small value. A further study is planned. Refurbishment of the RIKEN-RAL Port 1 experimental area, following removal ofmuon catalyzed fusion equipment, is in progress for the proton radius experiment.
(4) Other topics
Muon catalyzed fusion has been one of the main subject of studies since the start of the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility. It has produced
many new results by using the advantage of the high-intensity pulsed muon beam and the advanced tritium handling facility as wasreported in previous RIKEN-RAL IACs. Even though, huge increase of the catalysis rate that is enough for energy production is yet
difficult to achieve. Considering the limited budget and human resources maintaining the tritium facility, we decided the safe closure of thetritium facility. The safe removal of the tritium handling facility was completed in March 2015 – the tritium handling system wastransferred to the UK Atomic Energy Authority, a nice partnership activity between RIKEN, STFC and UKAEA.
New demand is emerging utilizing the muon beam for electronic chip radiation effect studies. Recent progress of semiconductor- 351 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)devices has produced electronics chips with very fine structure. It is anticipated that the single memory upset by the ionization effect of
single muon may result in malfunction or errors of advanced electronics. Muon is the main component of the cosmic ray in our ordinal lifeand difficult to be removed. Measurements are being performed at RIKEN-RAL to measure such an error rate. Already several groups
carried out measurements on several different electronics. Although the sensitivity differs from chips to chips, in most cases, the error rateincreases when the muon beam momentum is chosen so that the muon nearly stops in the chip itself (Bragg peak effect).
There were also demands for the use of negative muons for the non-destructive elements analysis using muonic x-rays. Especially
its good depth sensitivity was clearly demonstrated. The applied objects so far are archaeological coins, sword, and oxygen concentration
measurement in levers, etc. The first paper on this work has recently been published (‘Probing beneath the surface without a scratch — bulk
non-destructive elemental analysis using negative muons’, AD Hillier et al., Microchemical Journal 125 (2016) 203) which describes thetechnique’s development and potential capabilities. A project has been initiated with STFC’s Technology Department to develop detectors
for this application.

Members
Director
Philip KING
Research & Technical Scientist
Isao WATANABE (concurrent: Advanced Meson Science Lab.)
Administration Manager
Mitsuru KISHIMOTO (concurrent: Nishina Center Planning
Office)List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
A.D. Hillier, D.McK. Paul, K. Ishida, “Probing beneath the surface without a scratch — Bulk non-destructive elemental analysis using negative
muons”, Microchemical Journal, 125, 203-207 (2016).＊
P. Bakule, O. Sukhorukov, K. Ishida, F.L. Pratt, D. Fleming, T. Momose, Y. Matsuda, and E. Torikai, "First Accurate Experimental Study of
Mu Reactivity from a State-Selected Reactant in the Gas Phase: the Mu + H2{1} Reaction Rate at 300 K", Journal of Physics B (At. Mol.
Opt.) 48, 045204 (2015).＊
T. Matsuzaki, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, “High-pressure solid hydrogen target for muon catalyzed fusion”, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear
Chemistry, DOI 10.1007/s10967-015-4080-y＊Rakesh Mohan Das, Souvik Chatterjee, Masahiko Iwasaki, and Takashi Nakajima, “Ionization efficiencies of Doppler-broadened atoms bytransform-limited and broadband nanosecond pulses: one-photon resonant two-photon ionization of muoniums”, Journal of Optical Societyof America B 32, 1237-1244 (2015).＊
M. Enomoto, I. Watanabe, and N. Kojima, "Dynamical Behavior of the Charge Transfer Phase Transition in Dithiooxalato-Bridged Iron
Mixed-Valence System", Current Inorganic Chemistry 6, 49-60 (2016).＊
Sunaryono, Ahmad Taufiq, Edy Giri Rahman Putra, A. Okazawa, I. Watanabe, N. Kojima, Supagorn Rugmai, Siriwat Soontaranon,
Mohammad Zainuri, Triwikantoro, Suminar Pratapa, and Darminto, "Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study on PVA/Fe3O4 Magnetic
Hdrogels"
NANO 11, 1650027-1-12 (2016).＊
I. Kawasaki, K. Fujimura, I. Watanabe, M. Avdeev, K. Tenya, and M. Yokoyama, "Muon Spin Relaxation and Neutron Diffraction Studies ofCluster-Glass State in Sr1-xLaxRuO3" Journal of Physical Society of Japan 85, 054701-1-8 (2016).＊
T. Uehara, M. Ito, J. Angel, J. Shimada, N. Komakine, T. Tsuchiya, H. Taniguchi, K. Satoh, K. Triyana, Y. Ishii, and I. Watanabe, “Studies on
Magnetism of the Layered Organic Antiferromagnet Bordered on a Superconducting Phase by Muon Spin Rotation and Magnetization
Measurements” Journal of Phyical. Society of Japan 85, 024710-1-6 (2016).＊
Sungwon Yoon, S.-H. Baek, W.-J. Lee, K.-Y. Choi, I. Watanabe, J.S. Lord, B. Büchner, A. Balodhi, Y. Singh, and B.J. Suh, "Spin Dynamics inNa4-xIr3O8 Investigated by 23Na NMR and SR" Joural of Physics: Condensed Matter. 27, 485603-1-6 (2015).＊
Ahmad Taufiq, Sunaryono, Edy Giri Rachman Putra, A. Okazawa, I. Watanabe, N. Kojima, Suminar Pratapa, and Darminto, "Nanoscale
Clustering and Magnetic Properties of MnxFe3-xO4 ParSuticles Prepared from Natural Magnetite" Journal of Superconductors and Novel
Magnets 28, 1649-1874 (2015). DOI 10.1007/s10948-015-3111-9.＊
M. Ito, T. Uehara, H. Taniguchi, K. Satoh, Y. Ishii, and I. Watanabe, " Zero-Field Magnetism of a Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnet,
-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl, Determined by Muon Spin Rotation and Magnetization Measurements" Journal of Physical Society of Japan
84, 053703-1-5 (2015).＊
N. Funamori, K.M. Kojima, D. Wakabayashi, T. Sato, T. Taniguchi, N. Nishiyama, T. Irifune, D. Tomono, T. Matsuzaki, M. Miyazaki, M.
Hiraishi, A. Koda, and R. Kadono, “Muonium in Stishovite: Implications for the Possible Existence of Neutral Atomic Hydrogen in the
Earth’s Deep Mantle”, Scientific Report 5, 8437-1-5 (2015).＊
M. Abdel-Jawad, I. Watanabe, N. Tajima, Y. Ishii, and R. Kato, “Universality Class of the Mott-Hubbard Transition”, Physical Review Letters
114, 106401-1-5 (2015).＊- 352 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Masaharu Sato, Katsuhiko Ishida, Masahiko Iwasaki, Sohtaro Kanda, Yue Ma, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Teiichiro Matsuzaki, Katsumi Midorikawa,Yu Oishi, Shinji Okada, Norihito Saito, Kazuo Tanaka and Satoshi Wada, “Laser Spectroscopy of Ground State Hyperfine Splitting Energyof Muonic Hydrogen”,Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc.8 , 025005 (2015). *R.Kitamura, G.Beer, K.Ishida, M.Iwasaki, S.Kanda, H.Kawai, N.Kawamura, W.Lee, S.Lee, G.M.Marshall, Y.Matsuda, T.Mibe, Y.Miyake,
S.Nishimura, Y.Oishi, S.Okada, A.Olin, M.Otani, N.Saito, K.Shimomura, P.Strasser, M.Tabata, D.Tomono, K.Ueno, E.Won and J-PARC
muon g-2/EDM collaboration, “Studies on Muonium Production from Silica Aerogel with Substructure for the Muon g-2/EDM Experiment”,
Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 025016 (2015).*
H. A. Torii, M. Aoki, Y. Fukao, Y. Higashi, T. Higuchi, H. Iinuma, Y. Ikedo, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, R. Kadono, O. Kamigaito. S. Kanda, D.
Kawall, N. Kawamura, A. Koda, K. M. Kojima, K. Kubo, Y. Matsuda, T. Mibe, Y. Miyake, T. Mizutani, K. Nagamine, K. Nishiyama, T. Ogitsu,
R. Okubo, N. Saito, K. Sasaki, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, M. Sugano, M. Tajima, K. S. Tanaka, D. Tomono, “Precise Measurement of
Muonium HFS at J-PARC MUSE”, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 025018 (2015).*
K. Ninomiya, M. K. Kubo, P. Strasser, T. Nagatomo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Ishida, W. Higemoto, N. Kawamura, K. Shimomura, Y. Miyake, T.
Suzuki, A. Shinohara, T. Saito, “Elemental Analysis of Bronze Artifacts by Muonic X-ray Spectroscopy”, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Science at
J-PARC, JPS Conf. Proc., 8, 033005 (2015).*
H. Kuroe, H. Kuwahara, T. Sekine, I. Watanabe, Andrea-Raeto Raselli, Matthias Elender, Pabitra Kumar Biswas, M. Hase, K. Oka, T. Ito, andH. Eisaki, "Muon-Spin Rotation in Multiferroic Cu3Mo2O9 under Electric Fields" Physics Procedia 75,221-229 (2015).＊
Goto, K. Matsui, T. Adachi, T. Ohtsuki, Ngoc Han Tu, Y. Tanabe, I. Watanabe, Z. Salman, A. Suter, and T. Prokscha, "Low-energy SR study
on the tetradymite Topological Insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5TeSe2" Physics Procedia 75,100-105 (2015).＊
L. Safriani, Risdiana, A. Bahtiar, A. Aprilia, I. Kawasaki, and I. Watanabe, "SR Study of Charge Carrier Motion in Active Layer
P3HT:ZnO:PCBM Hybrid Solar Cells" Mater. Sci. Forum 827, 131-134 (2015).＊
L. Safriani, Risdiana, A. Bahtiar, A. Aprilia, R.E. Siregar, R. Hidayat, T.P.I. Saragi, I. Kawasaki, and I. Watanabe, "Charge Carrier Dynamics ofActive Material Solar Cell P3HT:ZnO Nanoparticles Sudied by Muon Spin Relaxation (SR)" Mater. Sci. Forum 827, 477-480 (2015).＊
Ayi Bahtiar, Lusi Safriani, Annisa Aprilia, Risdiana, Harsojo, Triwikantoro, Darminto, Agustinus Agung Nugroho, Hanjie Guo, Ikuto Kawasaki,
and Isao Watanabe, "Study of Charge Carrier Dynamics of P3HT:PCBM Blend for Active Material Solar Cell Using Muon Spin Relaxation"
Mater. Sci. Forum 827, 168-173 (2015).＊
Ayi Bahtiar, Siti Halimah Tusaddiah, Wendy Paramandhita, S. Mustikasari, Lusi Safriani, Mariah Kartawidjaja, Kei Kanazawa, Ippei Enokida,
Yukio Furukawa, and Isao Watanabe, "Optical, Structural and Morphological Properties of Ternary Thin Film Blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO
Nanoparticles" Mater. Sci. Forum 827, 119-124 (2015).＊
S. Sulaiman, S.N.A. Ahmad, M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, and I. Watanabe, "Electronic Structure of Muoniated Me4P[Pd(dmit)2]2" Mater. Sci. Forum
827, 355-359 (2015).＊
A.F. Rozlan, S. Sulaiman, M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, and I. Watanabe, "Electronic Structure of Muonated La2CuO4" Mater. Sci. Forum 827,
240-242 (2015).＊
I. Watanabe, E. Suprayoga, N. Adam, Mohm-Tajudin S.S., Rozlan A.F., D. Puspita, R. Asih, F. Astuti, M.D. Umar, J. Angel, S. Sulaiman, and
M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, "Muon Site Estimations by DFT Calculations in Metal and Insulating Systems" Mater. Sci. Forum 827, 347-454(2015).＊
A.D. Pant, Y. Sugawara, I. Yanagihara, G.P. Khanal, I. Shiraki, W. Higemoto, K. Shimomura, K. Ishida, F.L. Pratt, E. Torikai, and K.
Nagamine, “Hydration Effect on Electron Transfer in Cytochrome c Monitored by SR” JPS Conf. Proc. 8, 033007-1-5 (2015).＊K. Matsui, A. Oosawa, K. Yoshizawa, T. Goto, I. Watanabe, T. Suzuki, M. Fujisawa, H. Tanaka, P.K. Biswas, and A. Amato, "SR Study on
Quantum Spin System NH4CuCl3" J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 551, 012007-1-6 (2014).＊
M. Miyazaki, R. Kadono, M. Hiraishi, I. Yamauchi, A. Koda, K.M. Kojima, I. Kawasaki, I. Watanabe, Y. Okamoto, and Z. Hiroi, "Spin Dynamics
of Mn Pyrochlore Lattice in YMn2Zn20-xInx" J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 551, 012019-1-6 (2014).＊
H. Nozaki, S. Ohta, M. Harada, M. Månsson, D. Sheptyakov, V. Pomjakushin, I. Wanabe, Y. Ikedo, Y. Miyake, and J. Sugiyama, “Li-Ion
Dynamics in Li5+xLa3ZrxNb2-xO12 “ JPS Conf. Proc. 2, 010303-1-6 (2014).＊
H. Ariga, K. Shimomura, K. Ishida, F.L. Pratt, K. Yoshizawa, W. Higemoto, E. Torikai, and K. Asakura, “Detection of Oxygen Vacancy in Rutile
TiO2 Single Crystal by SR Measurement” JPS Conf. Proc. 2, 010303-1-4 (2014).＊
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
K. Ishida, "Development of ultra-slow muon source based on room temperature muonium production target and its application to muon
g-2/EDM measurement", International USMM & CMSI Workshop: Fronties of Materials and Correlated Electron Science - from Bulk to Thin
Films and Interface, Tokyo, Jan 2016.
T. Kurahashi, T. Adachi, K. Suzuki, Y. Fukunaga, T. Kawamata, H. Noji, H. Miyasaka, I. Watanabe, M. Miyazaki, A. Koda, R. Kadono,andY.Koike,“Possible Ferromagnetic Fluctuations in the Heavily Overdoped Bi -2201 Cuprat”International Workshop on Superconductivity
and Related Functional Materials 2016、IMR, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, March 2016.
T. Adachi, A. Takahashi, K. Suzki, M.A. Baqiya, T. Konno, T.Ohgi, T. Takamatsu, T. Kawamata, M. Kato, I. Watanabe, A. Koda, M. Miyazaki,
R. Kadono, H. Oguro, T. Awaji, and Y. Koike, “SR Study of the Cu-Spin Correlation in the Overdoped Regime of Electron-Doped High-TC
T’-Cuprates” 7th MFL Symposium、Tsukuba、Ibaraki、March 2016.
T. Adachi, A. Takahashi, K. Suzki, M.A. Baqiya, T. Konno, T.Ohgi, T. Takamatsu, T. Kawamata, M. Kato, I. Watanabe, A. Koda, M. Miyazaki,
R. Kadono, H. Oguro, T. Awaji, and Y. Koike, “SR and transport studies in the electron-doped High-TC T'-superconductors revealing thenovel electronic state”International USMM & CMSI Workshop: Frontiers of Materials and Correlated Electron Science : from Bulk to Thin
Films and Interfaces, Univeristy of Tokyo, Tokyo, Jan. 2016.
Y. Koike, K. Suzuki, T. Adachi, K. Sato, and I. Watanabe, “Novel Fe-induced magnetism in the overdoped regime of the La-214
High-TC cuprate: Implication to stripes ”International USMM & CMSI Workshop: Frontiers of Materials and Correlated Electron Science :from Bulk to Thin Films and Interfaces, Univeristy of Tokyo, Tokyo, Jan. 2016.
T. Kurahashi, T. Adachi, T. Kawamata, H. Noji, I. Watanabe, M. Miyazaki, A. Koda, R. Kadono, and Y. Koike, “Possible Ferromagnetic
Fluctuations in the Heavily Overdoped Bi-2201 Cuprate”28th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2015), Tokyo, Nov. 2015.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

K. Takao, 劉鐘昇, K. Uji, T. Waki, Y. Tabata, I. Watanabe, and H. Nakamura, “Paramagnetic-to-Nonmagnetic Transition in Antiperovskite
Nitride Cr3GeN Studied by 14N-NMR and SR”International Workshop on Itinerant-Electron Magnetism, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sep.
2015.
I. Watanabe, H. Guo, K. Matsuhira, I. Kawasai, R. Wakeshima, Y. Honatsu, and Zhu-an Xu, “SR Studies of Spin Ground States in the
Pyrochlore Iridate Nd2Ir2O7”4th Annual World Congress of Advanced Materials-2015 (WCAM2015), Chingqing, China, May 2015.
I. Watanabe, “Current Status of Muon-Site Estimations in Strongly Correlated Systems”Workshop to Discuss Techniques for Calculation of
the Muon Site, Hinckly, UK, May 2015.
I. Watanabe, “Applications of Pulsed Muon Beam to Material Science at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility”University Seminar, Fudan University,
Shanghai, China, March 2015.
T. Uehara, M. Ito, H. Taniguchi, K. Sato, Y. Ishii, and I. Watanabe, “mSR Study of-(h8-BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl and Discussion of Muon
Site Using Relaxation Signal from Deuterated -(d8-BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br”RIKEN Symposium: 1st RIKEN-Sophia Joint Syposium==Recent Progresses on the Muon-Site Estimation==, Sophia University, Yotsuya, Tokyo, Dec. 2014.
E. Suprayoga, A.A. Nugroho, A.O. Polyakov, T.T.M. Palstra, I. Watanabe, “Search for Muon Stopping Positions in Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
Based on Density Functional Theory” RIKEN Symposium: 1st RIKEN-Sophia Joint Syposium ==Recent Progresses on the Muon-Site
Estimation==, Sophia University, Yotsuya, Tokyo, Dec. 2014.
S.S. Mohd-Tajudin, S.N.A. Ahmad, D.F. Hasan-Baseri, E. Suprayoga, N. Adam, A.F. Rozlan, S. Sulaiman, M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, I.
Watanabe, “Investigation of Muon Sites in YBa2Cu3O6 by Using Density Functional Theory” RIKEN Symposium: 1st RIKEN-Sophia Joint
Syposium ==Recent Progresses on the Muon-Site Estimation==, Sophia University, Yotsuya, Tokyo, Dec. 2014.
A.F. Rozlan, S. Sulaiman, M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, I. Watanabe, “ Electronic Structure and Hyperfine Interaction of Muonated
La2CuO4” RIKEN Symposium: 1st RIKEN-Sophia Joint Syposium ==Recent Progresses on the Muon-Site Estimation==, Sophia University,
Yotsuya, Tokyo, Dec. 2014.
N. Adam, S. Sulaiman, M.I. Mohamed-Ibrahim, I. Watanabe,“Electronic Structure of CeRu2Al10 based on LSDA+U Calculation” RIKEN
Symposium: 1st RIKEN-Sophia Joint Syposium ==Recent Progresses on the Muon-Site Estimation==, Sophia University, Yotsuya, Tokyo,
Dec. 2014.
Y. Koike, K. Suzuki, T. Adachi, T. Sato, and I. Watanabe, “Novel Fe-Induced Magnetism in the Overdoped Regime of the La-214
High-TC Curate: Implication for Dtripe Fluctuation” 27th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT27), Buenos Aires,
Argentina, Aug. 2014.
I. Watanabe, “Highlights of SR at the RIKEN-RAL”Depatment Seminar, Institut Teknologi Sepruluh Nopember, Indonesia, July 2014.
[Domestic Conference]
北村遼，深尾祥紀，石田勝彦，河村成肇，近藤恭弘，三部勉，三宅康博，大谷将士，Patrick Strasser，齊藤直人，下村浩一郎 他 J-PARC muon
g-2/EDM コラボレーション: "J-PARC ミューオン g-2/EDM 精密測定実験のためのミューオン再加速試験に向けた低速ミューオン源開発の準備状況", 日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会、早稲田大学、東京、3 月(2015)
倉嶋晃士、足立匡、川股隆行、野地尚、宮坂等、渡邊功雄、宮崎正範、 幸田章宏、門野良典、小池洋二、 “銅酸化物超伝導体の極過剰ドープ領域における強磁性ゆらぎ”日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
Fahmi Astuti、Retno Asih、Dita Puspita Sari、Graeme Blake、中野岳人、野末泰夫、渡邊功雄、“SR による CsO2 中の長距離磁気秩序状態の検出” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
鈴木栄男、片山和哉、川崎郁斗、渡邊功雄、田中秀数、“S = 1/2 カゴメ格子磁性体 (Rb1-xCsx)2Cu3SnF12 の量子臨界点近傍における縦磁場中ミュオンスピン緩和測定” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
Retno Asih、Noraina Adam、Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、松平和之、前田悟、分島亮、日夏幸雄、三宅厚志、徳永将史、渡邊功雄、中野岳仁、野末泰夫、“Effect of Ca-substitution on the magnetic ordered state of (Nd1-xCax)2Ir2O7 studied by SR” 日本物理学会春の大会・
東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
E.Suprayoga、A.A. Nugroho、A.O. Polyakov、T.T.M. Palstra、渡邊功雄、“Muon Sites Estimation on Organic-Inorganic Hybrids of(C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2CuCl4 and (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 using DFT and Dipole Fields Calculation” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャ
ンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
D.P.Sari、R.Asih、開康一、石井康明、熊谷浩也、河本充司、高橋利宏、渡邊功雄、中野岳仁、野末泰夫、“Probing the Superconducting Ground
State Organic Superconductor -(BETS)2GaCl4 by SR” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、西嵜照和、吉川明子、Noraina Adam、Edi Suprayoga、Shukri Sulaiman、Mohamed Ismail Mohamed-Ibrahim、“Computational and Experimental Studies of Muon Sites in YBa2Cu3O6” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県
仙台市、3 月（2016）
N. Adam、E. Suprayoga、S.S Mohd-Tajudin、谷田博司、D.T. Adroja、高畠敏郎、世良正文、S.Sulaiman、M.I.Mohamed Ismail、渡邊功雄、“Magnetic Ground State of CeT2Al10 (T = Ru,Os)” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）
足立匡、高橋晶、鈴木謙介、M.A. Baqiya、今野巧也、扇太郎、川股隆行、加藤雅恒、渡邊功雄、幸田章宏、宮崎正範、門野良典、小黒英俊、
淡路智、小池洋二、“輸送特性とミュオンスピン緩和から見た電子ドープ型 T'-214 高温超伝導体における磁性と超伝導”東大物性研短期研究会「低次元電子系におけるエキシトニック相の新展開」千葉県柏市、東京大学物性研、2015 年 11 月.
倉嶋晃士、足立匡、 鈴木謙介、福永泰、川股隆行、野地尚、渡邊功雄、宮崎正範、幸田章宏、門野良典、小池洋二、“Bi-2201 銅酸化物の極過剰ドープ領域における強磁性ゆらぎ”第 9 回物性科学領域横断研究会、東京都、東京大学、2015 年 11 月.
渡邊功雄、“SR で磁性体中の微小スピンを見る”原研先端基礎研究センター・基礎科学セミナー、茨城県東海村、原研先端基礎研究セン
ター、2015 年 10 月.
田邉洋一、足立匡、鈴木謙介、阿子島めぐみ、平郡諭、川股隆行、石井康之、鈴木栄男、渡邊功雄、小池洋二、日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
岸本亮三、中野岳仁、Gayan Prasad Hettiarachchi、石井康之、渡邊功雄、野末泰夫、“ゼオライト LSX 中の Na-K 合金クラスターが示
すフェリ磁性の He による圧力効果Ⅲ” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
Sungwon Yoon、新堀佳紀、前川珠理、榎本真哉、根岸雄一、Byoung Jin Suh、渡邊功雄、“金のナノ粒子を用いた SR 研究” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
Sungwon Yoon、S.-H. Do、Y.S. Kwon、K.-Y. Choi、渡邊功雄、B.J. Suh、“SR Investigations of a Kitaev Honeycomb Compound
-RuCl3” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
Retno Asih、Noraina Adam、Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、松平和之、分島亮、日夏幸雄、三宅厚志、徳永将史、渡邊功雄、中野岳仁、野末泰夫、“Investigation of Magnetic Ordered State in the Pyrochlore Iridates R2Ir2O7 (R= Nd,Sm) probed by SR” 日本物理学会秋の大会、- 354 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
D.P. Sari、R. Asih、開康一、石井康明、熊谷浩也、河本充司、高橋利宏、渡邊功雄、中野岳仁、野末泰夫、“Superconducting Properties ofNon-magnetic Anion Based Organic Superconductor -(BETS)2GaCl4 Studied by SR” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパ
ス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、西嵜照和、吉川明子、Noraina Adam、Edi Suprayoga、Shukri Sulaiman、Mohamed Ismail Mohamed-Ibrahim、
渡邊功雄、“SR and Density Functional Theory Studies on YBa2Cu3O6” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府
吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
N. Adam、E. Suprayoga、S.S Mohd-Tajudin、谷田博司、世良正文、S.Sulaiman、M.I.Mohamed Ismail、渡邊功雄、SR Investigations On
The Ground State of (Ce1-xLax)Ru2Al10“日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
Majed Abdel-Jawad、加藤礼三、渡邊功雄、田嶋尚也、石井康之、“Detailed Study of the Mott Transition in EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
石井康之、Majed Abdel-Jawad、渡邊功雄、加藤礼三、“圧力誘起超伝導体 EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2 のモット転移と温度ー圧力相図” 日本物理学会秋の大会、関西大学千里山キャンパス、大阪府吹田市、2015 年 9 月.
渡邊功雄“RIKEN-RAL と PSI の現状 RCNP に期待すること”RCNP 研究会「RCNP-MuSIC におけるミューオン科学の展開」
大阪大学 RCNP、
大阪府豊中市、2015 年 9 月.
濱地紀彰、安井幸夫、河野洋平、橘高俊一郎、榊原俊郎、L.J.Chang、小野田繁樹、渡邊功雄、“量子スピンアイ系 量子スピンアイ系 Yb2T2O7の SR 測定”日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
今野巧也、足立匡、扇太郎、高橋晶、加藤雅恒、渡邊功雄、小黒英俊、淡路智、小池洋二、“電子ドープ型超伝導体 Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+ (x≦0.10) 単結晶における還元アニール効果と電子状態” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
松井一樹、渡邊功雄、Sungwon Yoon、星野侑宏、細谷陽介、後藤貴行、長谷正司、佐々木孝彦、“擬一次元競合鎖 A2Cu2Mo3O12 (A=Rb or
Cs) における NMR/SR” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
中野岳仁、谷辺健志、Luu Manh Kien、Sungwon Yoon、Majed Abdel-Jawad、Francis L.Pratt、渡邊功雄、野末泰夫、“ソーダライト中の K-Rb
合金および Rb クラスターの SR” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
高尾健太、劉鐘昇、宇治克俊、太田寛人、和氣剛、田畑吉計、渡邊功雄、中村裕之、“Cr 系逆ペロフスカイト型窒化物の磁性” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
E.Suprayoga 、 A.A. Nugroho 、 A.O. Polyakov 、 T.T.M. Palstra 、 渡 邊 功 雄 、 “ Electronic Structure of (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2CuCl4 and(C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin 、 Noraina Adam 、 E.Suprayoga 、 Shukri Sulaiman 、 Mohamed Ismail Mohamed-Ibrahim 、 渡 邊 功 雄 、“First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Structure and Muon Sites in YBa2Cu3O6” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015
年 3 月
N.Adam、E. Suprayoga、S.S. Mohd Tajudin、谷田博司、世良正文、S.Sulaiman、M.I.Mohamed Ismail、渡邊功雄、“The Electronic Structuresof CeRu2Al10 and Muon Sites Studied by DFT” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
渡邊功雄、“ミュオン位置計算法の最近の進展”第 8 回 三機関連携「量子複雑現象」研究会、SPring-8、西播磨、兵庫県、2015 年 1 月.
渡邊功雄、“Applications of Pulsed Muon Beam to Material Science at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility”NIMS Seminar、NIMS、並木、つくば市、2014 年 10 月.
高尾健太、劉鐘升、宇治克俊、和氣剛、田畑吉計、渡邊功雄、中村裕之、“14N-NMR による逆ペロブスカイト型窒化物 Cr3GeN の常磁性
-非磁性転移の研究”日本物理学会秋の大会、中部大学、名古屋市、2014 年 9 月.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
S. Okada, P. Bakule, G. Beer, J. Brewer, Y. Fujiwara, K. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, S. Kanda, H. Kawai, N. Kawamura, R. Kitamura, W. Lee, Y. Ma,
G. Marshall, Y. Matsuda, T. Mibe, Y. Miyake, S. Nishimura, Y. Oishi, A. Olin, M. Otani, N. Saito, M. Sato, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, M.
Tabata, D. Tomono, K. Ueno, E. Won, K. Yokoyama, "Ultra-slow muon production with room-temperature thermal-muonium-emitting
material", The international workshop on future potential of high intensity proton accelerator for particle and nuclear physics (HINT2015),
Oct 2015
S. Kawamura, K. Tomiyasu, A. Koda,K. Nakajima, and I. Watanabe, “Magnetic Properties of One-Dimensional Quantum Spin System
Rb2Cu2Mo3O12 Studied by SR“ 7th MFL Symposium、Tsukuba、Ibaraki、March 2016.
Sungwon Yoon, Seung-Hwan Do, Yong Sung Kwon, Kwang-Yong Choi, I. Watanabe, and Byoung Jin Suh, “Study of the magnetic property
of a Kitaev Honecyomb material RuCl3 using spin polarized muons” APW-CEMS joint Workshop: Highlights of Modern Condensed Matter
Physics, CEMS, RIKEN, Saitama, Jan. 2016。
D.P.Sari、R.Asih、K. Hiraki, H. Kumagai, A. Kawamoto, T. Takahashi, I. Watanabe, T. Nakano, and Y. Nozue, “SR Study of Non-magnetic
Anion Based Superconductors -(BETS)2GaCl4 Studied by SR“ International Symposium on Present and Future of Material Sciences”
Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Nov. 2015.
R. Asih, Noraina Adam, Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin, K. Matsuhidra, R. Wakeshima, Y. Hinatsu, A. Miyake, and M. Tokunaga,“SR Studyon the Pyrochlore Iridates R2Ir2O7 (R= Nd,Sm)” International Symposium on Present and Future of Material Sciences”Osaka University,
Toyonaka, Osaka, Nov. 2015.
T. Adachi, A. Takahashi, K. Suzuki, M.A. Baqiya, T. Konnno, T. Takamatsu, M. Kato, I. Watanabe, A. Koda, M. Miyazaki, R. Kadono, and Y.
Koike, “ Novel Coexistence of Superconduxtivity with Short-Range Magnetic Order in Electron-Doped High-TC T'-Cuprate ” 27th
International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT27), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aug. 2018.
A. Takahashi, K. Susuki, T. Adachi, M.A. Baqiya, H. Guo, I. Kawasaki, I. Watanabe, and Y. Koike, “Coincident Disappearance of The Stripe
Order and The Superconductivity in La2-xSrxCu1-yMyO4 (M = Fe, Al)”The 2nd International Symposium on Science at J-APRC, J-PARC,
Tokai, Ibaraki, July 2014.
T. Adachi, T. Inabe, K. Suzuki, T. Kawamata, H. Koji, H. Guo, I. Watanabe, and Y. Koike, “Impurity-Induced Development of the Spin
Correlation in Iron-Chalcogenide Superconductors Observed by SR” The 2nd International Symposium on Science at J-APRC, J-PARC,
Tokai, Ibaraki, July 2014.
[Domestic Conference]
Sungwon Yoon、新堀佳紀、前川珠理、榎本真哉、根岸雄一、Byoung Jin Suh、渡邊功雄、“SR Studies of Magnetic Property of Gold
Nanoparticle” 日本物理学会春の大会・ 東北学院大学泉キャンパス、宮城県仙台市、3 月（2016）- 355 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Retno Asih、Noraina Adam、Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、松平和之、分島亮、日夏幸雄、三宅厚志、徳永将史、渡邊功雄、中野岳仁、
野末泰夫、“SR Study on the Pyrochlore Iridates R2Ir2O7 (R= Nd,Sm)”東大物性研短期研究会「スピン系物理の深化と最前線」千葉県
柏市、東京大学物性研、2015 年 11 月.
黒江晴彦、平田芳規、関根智幸、渡邊功雄、R.A.-Raeto、B.E.Matthias、B.P. Kumar、長谷正司、岡邦彦、伊藤利充、永崎洋、“Cu3Mo2O9 の
電場中 SR 測定” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
渡邊功雄、Budi Adiperdana、Edi Suprayoga、 Noraina Adam、Irwan A. Dharmawan、Rustam Siregr、Saidah Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin、Ainul
Fauzeeha Rozlan、Shukri Sulaiman、Mohamad Ismail Mohamed-Ibraham、川股隆行、足立匡、小池洋二、Pabitra Kumar、Alex Amato、“La2CuO4 におけるミュオン位置計算の進展” 日本物理学会春の大会、早稲田大学、東京都、2015 年 3 月
後藤貴行、松井一樹、足立匡、大槻東巳、田邉洋一、渡邊功雄、“トポロジカル絶縁体におけるスピンロック現象の SR 検出”新学術領域「超低速ミュオン顕微鏡」第 3 回領域会議、東北大学、仙台市、2014 年 9 月.
足立匡、高橋晶、鈴木謙介、M.A.Baqiya、今野巧也、高松智寿、加藤雅恒、渡邊功雄、幸田章宏、宮崎正範、門野良典、小池洋二、“電子型 T'高温超伝導体における超伝導と短距離磁気秩序の新奇な共存” “トポロジカル絶縁体におけるスピンロック現象の SR 検出”新学術領域「超低速ミュオン顕微鏡」第 3 回領域会議、東北大学、仙台市、2014 年 9 月.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
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- 363 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Spin isospin Laboratory
1. Abstract

The Spin Isospin Laboratory pursues research activities putting primary focus on interplay of spin and isospin in exotic nuclei.
Understanding nucleosyntheses in the universe, especially those in r- and rp-processes is another big goal of our laboratory.
Investigations on isospin dependences of nuclear equation of state, spin-isospin responses of exotic nuclei, occurrence of various
correlations at low-densities, evolution of spin-orbit coupling are main subjects along the line. We are leading a mass measurement projectwith the Rare RI Ring project, too. Through the experimental studies, we will be able to elucidate a variety of nuclear phenomena in termsof interplay of spin and isospin, which will in turn, lead us to better understanding of our universe.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Direct reaction studies of neutron-matter equation of state
Study of spin-isospin responses with RI-beams
R-process nucleosynthesis study with heavy-ion storage ring
Application of spin-polarization technique to RI-beam experiments and other fields
Development of special targets for RI-beam experiments

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Direct reaction studies of neutron matter equation of state
Direct reactions induced by light-ions serve as powerful tools to investigate various aspects of nuclei. We are advancing experimental
programs to explore equation of state of neutron matter, via light-ion induced reactions with RI-beams.
(1-a) Determination of a neutron skin thickness by proton elastic scattering
A neutron skin thickness is known to have strong relevance to asymmetry terms of nuclear equation of state, especially to a term
proportional to density. The ESPRI project aims at determining density distributions in exotic nuclei precisely by proton elastic scattering at
200−300 MeV/nucleon. An experiment for 132Sn that is a flagship in this project is planned to be performed in 2015. Prior to the 132Sn
experiment, we have applied the ESPRI setup that consists of a solid hydrogen target and recoil proton detectors to 16C in 2012.
(1-b) Asymmetry terms in nuclear incompressibility
Nuclear incompressibility represents stiffness of nuclear matter. Incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter is determined to be
230±20 MeV, but its isospin dependence still has a large uncertainty at present. A direct approach to the incompressibility of asymmetricnuclear matter is an experimental determination of energies of isoscalar giant monopole resonances (GMR) in heavy nuclei. We havedeveloped, in close collaboration with Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of University of Tokyo, an active gas target for deuteron inelastic
scattering experiments to determine GMR energies. The active gas target has been already tested with oxygen and xenon beams at HIMAC
and will be applied to a 132Sn experiment in 2015.
(1-c) Multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations at low densities
Occurrences of multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations are other interesting aspects of nuclear matter and define its low-density
behavior. The multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations can be investigated with the large-acceptance SAMURAI spectrometer. The
SAMURAI has been already applied to experiments to explore light neutron-rich nuclei close to the dripline. We plan to reinforce
experimental capabilities of the SAMURAI by introducing advanced devices such as MINOS (Saclay) and NeuLAND (GSI).
(1-d) Fission barrier heights in neutron-rich heavy nuclei
The symmetry energy has a strong influence on fission barrier heights in neutron-rich nuclei. Knowledge on the fission barrier heights,
which is quite poor at present, is quite important for our proper understanding on termination of the r-process. We are planning to perform,in collaboration with the TU Munich group, (p,2p)-delayed fission experiments at the SAMURAI to determine the fission barrier heights inneutron-rich nuclei in Pb region.
(2) Study of spin-isospin responses with RI-beams
The study of spin-isospin responses in nuclei forms one of the important cores of nuclear physics. A variety of collective states, forexample isovector giant dipole resonances, isobaric analogue states, Gamow-Teller resonances, have been extensively studied by use ofelectromagnetic and hadronic reactions from stable targets.
The research opportunities can be largely enhanced with light of availabilities of radioactive isotope (RI) beams and of physics of
unstable nuclei. There are three possible directions to proceed. The first direction is studies of spin-isospin responses of unstable nuclei via
inverse-kinematics charge exchange reactions. A neutron-detector array WINDS has been constructed, under a collaboration of CNS, Tokyoand RIKEN, for inverse kinematics (p,n) experiments at the RI Beam Factory. We have already applied WINDS to the (p,n) experiments for
12Be, 132Sn and plan to extend this kind of study to other exotic nuclei.
The second direction is studies with RI-beam induced charge exchange reaction. RI-beam induced reactions have unique properties
which are missing in stable-beam induced reactions and can be used to reach the yet-to-be-discovered states. We have constructed the- 364 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

SHARAQ spectrometer and the high-resolution beam-line at the RI Beam Factory to pursue the capabilities of RI-beam induced reactions
as new probes to nuclei. One of the highlights is an observation of β+ type isovector spin monopole resonances (IVSMR) in 208Pb and 90Zr
via the (t, 3He) reaction at 300 MeV/nucleon.
The third direction is studies of neutron- and proton-rich nuclei via stable-beam induced charge exchange reactions, which is
conducted under collaboration with Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. We have performed the double charge
exchange 12C(18O, 18Ne)12Be reaction at 80 MeV/nucleon to investigate structure of a neutron-rich 12Be nucleus. Peaks corresponding toground and excited levels in 12Be have been clearly observed. Another double charge exchange reaction, (12C, 12Be(02+)) are being used tosearch for double Gamow-Teller resonances.
(3) R-process nucleosynthesis study with heavy-ion storage ring
Most of the r-process nuclei become within reach of experimental studies for the first time at RI Beam Factory at RIKEN. The Rare RI
Ring at RIBF is the unique facility with which we can perform mass measurements of r-process nuclei. Construction of the Rare RI Ringstarted in FY2012 in collaboration with Tsukuba and Saitama Universities. A major part of the ring has been completed and thecommissioning run is planned in FY2014.
We are planning to start precise mass measurements of r-process nuclei in 2015. A series of experiments will start with nuclei in the
A=80 region and will be extended to heavier region.
(4) Application of spin-polarization technique to RI-beam experiments and other fields
A technique to produce nuclear polarization by means of electron polarization in photo-excited triplet states of aromatic molecules canopen new applications. The technique is called “Tripletd-DNP”. A distinguished feature of Triplet-DNP is that it works under a low
magnetic field of 0.1—0.7 T and temperature higher than 100 K, which exhibits a striking contrast to standard dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP) techniques working in extreme conditions of several Tesla and sub-Kelvin.
We have constructed a polarized proton target system for use in RI-beam experiments. Recent experimental and theoretical studies haverevealed that spin degrees of freedom play a vital role in exotic nuclei. Tensor force effects on the evolution of shell and possible
occurrence of p-n pairing in the proton-rich region are good examples of manifestations of spin degrees of freedom. Experiments with thetarget system allow us to explore the spin effects in exotic nuclei. It should be noted that we have recently achieved a proton polarization of
40% at room temperature in a pentacene-d14 doped p-terphenyl crystal.
Another interesting application of Triplet-DNP is sensitivity enhancement in NMR spectroscopy of biomolecules. We will start a new
project in 2016 to apply the Triplet-DNP technique to study protein-protein interaction via two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, in close
collaboration with biologists and chemists.
(5) Development of special targets for RI-beam experiments
For the research activities shown above, we are developing and hosting special targets for RI-beam experiments listed below:a) Polarized proton target (described in (4))b) Thin solid hydrogen targetc) MINOS (developed at Saclay and hosted by the Spin Isospin Laboratory)

Members
Chief Scientist (Lab. Head)Tomohiro UESAKA
Research & Technical Scientists
Ken-ichiro YONEDA (Senior Research Scientist,
concurrent ; Team Leader, User Support Office)
Masaki SASANO (Research Scientist)

Juzo ZENIHIRO (Research Scientist)
Sarah NAIMI (Research Scientist)

Contract Researcher
Daisuke NAGAE
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Masami SAKO (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Kenichiro TATEISHI

Yuma KIKUCHI

Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers
Zaihong YANG
Postdoctoral Researchers
Masanori DOZONO (– Mar. 31, 2014)
Kenichiro TATEISHI (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Valerii PANIN

Research Associate
Masami SAKO (Apr. 1, 2015 –)Kenichiro TATEISHI (– Mar. 31, 2014)- 365 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Junior Research Associates
CheongSoo LEE (Univ. of Tokyo)
Fumi SUZAKI (Saitama Univ.)

Keiichi KISAMORI (Univ. of Tokyo, – Mar. 31, 2015)
Yuki KUBOTA (Univ. of Tokyo)

International Program Associates
Chao WEN (Peking Univ. – Mar. 31, 2015)
Sergey CHEBOTARYOV (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ.)
Evgeniy Vladimirovich MILMAN (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ.)
Dahee KIM (Ewha Womans Univ., Oct. 1, 2014 – Sep. 29, 2015)

Zhuang GE (Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Sep. 28, 2015 –)Julian KAHLBOW (Technical University Darmstadt, Oct. 1, 2015–)

Research Consultant
Harutaka SAKAGUCHI
Visiting Researchers
Stuhl LASZLO (JSPS Fellow, Apr. 15, 2014 –)Keiichi KISAMORI (JSPS Fellow, Apr. 1, 2015 –)Senior Visiting Scientists
Hiroyuki SAGAWA (Aizu Univ.)
Visiting Scientists
Didier BEAUMEL (IPN)
Yosuke KONDO (Tokyo Tech.)
Zoltan ELEKES (Atomki)
Hidetoshi AKIMUNE (Konan Univ.)
Yohei MATSUDA (Osaka Univ.)
Yasuhiro TOGANO (Tokyo Tech.)
Satoshi SAKAGUCHI (Kyusyu Univ.)
Kenjiro MIKI (TU Darmstadt)
Valerie LAPOUX (CEA Saclay)
Alexandre OBERTELLI (CEA Saclay)
Alain GILLIBERT (CEA Saclay)
Emanuel POLLACCO (CEA Saclay)
Anna CORSI (CEA Saclay)
Dennis MUECHER (TUM)
Yury LITVINOV (GSI)
Yuhu ZHANG (CAS)
Igor GASPARIC (Ruder Boskovic Inst. Zagreb Croatia)
Hans Toshihide TOERNQVIST (TU Darmstadt)
Christoph CAESAR (GSI)
Haik SIMON (GSI)
Matthias HOLL (TU Darmstadt)
Takayuki YAMAGUCHI (Saitama Univ.)
Takashi NAKAMURA (Tokyo Tech.)Atsushi TAMII (Osaka Univ.)

Attila KRASZNAHORKAY (ATOMKI)
Takashi WAKUI (Tohoku Univ.)
Kimiko SAKAGUCHI (Tohoku Univ.)
Dorottya KUNNE SOHLER (Institute of Nuclear Research
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI))
Satoru TERASHIMA (Beihang University)
Valdir GUIMARAES (Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de Sao
Paulo)
Yasutaka TANIGUCHI (Nihon Institute of Medical Science)
Tetsuaki MORIGUCHI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Kazuyuki OGATA (Osaka Univ.)
Shinji SUZUKI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Zsolt VAJTA (Institute of Nuclear Research Hungarian Academyof Sciences (ATOMKI))
Istvan KUTI (Institute of Nuclear Research Hungarian Academyof Sciences (ATOMKI))
Makoto NEGORO (Osaka Univ.)
Konstanze BORETZKY (GSI)
Zsolt FULOP (Institute of Nuclear Research Hungarian Academyof Sciences (ATOMKI))
Zsolt DOMBRADI (Institute of Nuclear Research Hungarian
Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI))
Akinori KAGAWA (Osaka Univ.)

Visiting Technicians
Tomomi KAWAHARA (Toho Univ.)
Gilles AUTHELET (CEA Saclay)
Jean-Marc GHELLER (CEA Saclay)
Cedric PERON (CEA Saclay)
Jean-Yves ROUSSE (CEA Saclay)
Denis CALVET (CEA Saclay)
Alan PEYAUD (CEA Saclay)

Alain DELBART (CEA Saclay)
Frederic CHATEAU (CEA Saclay)
Caroline LAHONDE-HAMDOUN (CEA Saclay)
Arnaud GIGANON (CEA Saclay)
Daniel KOERPER (GSI)
Clement HILAIRE (CEA Saclay)

Student Trainees
Shota FUKUOKA (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Zhengyang TIAN (Peking Univ.)
Ryogo MINAKATA (Tokyo Tech.)
Yasunori WADA (Tohoku Univ.)
Tatsuya FURUNO (Kyoto Univ.)
Miho TSUMURA (Kyoto Univ.)
Jumpei YASUDA (Kyushu Univ.)
Taku FUKUNAGA (Kyushu Univ.)
Yuuta SHIOKAWA (Tohoku Univ.)
Shuhei GOTANDA (Univ. of Miyazaki)

Yoshihisa KANAYA (Univ. of Miyazaki)
Satoshi MATSUNAGA (Saitama Univ.)
Yuki ISHII (Kyoto Univ.)
Mizuki SHIKATA (Tokyo Tech.)
Junichi TSUBOTA (Tokyo Tech.)Yuuki TAKEUCHI (Saitama Univ.)
Syunichirou OHMIKA (Saitama Univ.)
Hiroshi MIURA (Saitama Univ.)
Takuma NISHIMURA (Saitama Univ.)
Motoki MURATA (Kyoto Univ.)- 366 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Kazuki SAWAHATA (Tokyo Tech.)
Clementine Angelique Marie SANTAMARIA(Univ.Paris Sud XI)
Syunsuke KAWAKAMI (Miyazaki Univ.)
Daijiro ETO (Tohoku Univ.)
Junki TANAKA (Osaka Univ.)
Sebastian Benedikt REICHERT (TU Munchen)
Tomoyuki OZAKI (Tokyo Tech.)Atsumi SAITO (Tokyo Tech.)
Yasutaka NISHIO (Kyushu Univ.)
Yusuke SHINDO (Kyushu Univ.)
Munemi TABATA (Kyushu Univ.)
Atomu WATANABE (Tohoku Univ.)
Ayaka OHKURA (Kyushu Univ.)
Yukina ICHIKAWA (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Xiangcheng CHEN (Univ. of Heidelberg)
Kotaro YAMADA (Toho Univ.)
Tomoaki KANEKO (Toho Univ.)
Julian KAHLBOW (TU Darmstadt)
Robert KISSEL (TU Darmstadt)
Gregor DENTINGER (TU Darmstadt)
Taras LOKOTKO (Univ. of Hong Kong)
Dahee KIM (Ewha Womans Univ.)
Natsuki TADANO (Saitama Univ.)

Ikuma KATO (Saitama Univ.)
Tomomi AKIEDA (Tohoku Univ.)
Hiroshi KON (Tohoku Univ.)Nancy Anne Paul HUPIN (University of Notre Dome)Tomoyuki MUKAI (Tohoku Univ.)
Shinnosuke NAKAI (Tohoku Univ.)
Takato TOMAI (Tokyo Tech.)Akihiro HIRAYAMA (Tokyo Tech.)
Yoshiyuki TAJIRI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Kentaro HIRAISHI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Simon LINDBERG (Chalmers University of Technology)
Akane SAKAUE (Kyoto Univ.)
Daisuke SAKAE (Kyushu Univ.)
Yasuaki NORIMATSU (Kyushu Univ.)
Takahiro FUKUTA (Kyushu Univ.)
Youhei AKIYAMA (Kyushu Univ.)
Kiyoshi WAKAYAMA (Saitama Univ.)
Han Hagen MAYER (University of Cologne)
Takahiro MORIMOTO (Kyoto Univ.)
Katsuyoshi HEGURI (Konan Univ.)
Takuya MATSUMOTO (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Tomoya HARADA (Toho Univ.)

Interns
Zhuang GE (IMP, CAS)
Lily SIEGENBERG (Univ. of Surrey)

David HEGEDUES
Hungary)

Assistants
Emiko ISOGAI
Yu NAYA(Eotvos

LorandUniversity

Budapest

Yuri TSUBURAI

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
L.G. Cao, X. Roca-Maza, G. Colo, H. Sagawa, Constraints on the neutron skin and symmetry energy from the anti-analog giant dipole
resonance in Pb-208, Physical Review C 92, 034308 (2015).
Y. Fujita, H. Fujita, T. Adachi, G. Susoy, A. Algora, C.L. Bai, G. Colo, M. Csatlos, J.M. Deaven, E. Estevez-Aguado, C.J. Guess, J. Gulyas, K.
Hatanaka, K. Hirota, M. Honma, D. Ishikawa, A. Krasznahorkay, H. Matsubara, R. Meharchand, F. Molina, H. Nakada, H. Okamura, H.J.
Ong, T. Otsuka, G. Perdikakis, B. Rubio, H. Sagawa, P. Sarriguren, C. Scholl, Y. Shimbara, E.J. Stephenson, T. Suzuki, A. Tamii, J.H. Thies,
K. Yoshida, R.G.T. Zegers, J. Zenihiro, High-resolution study of Gamow-Teller excitations in the Ca-42(He-3,t)Sc-42 reaction and theobservation of a "low-energy super-Gamow-Teller state", Physical Review C 91 034308 (2015).
T. Hashimoto, A.M. Krumbholz, P.G. Reinhard, A. Tamii, P. von Neumann-Cosel, T. Adachi, N. Aoi, C.A. Bertulani, H. Fujita, Y. Fujita, E.
Ganioglu, K. Hatanaka, E. Ideguchi, C. Iwamoto, T. Kawabata, N.T. Khai, A. Krugmann, D. Martin, H. Matsubara, K. Miki, R. Neveling, H.
Okamura, H.J. Ong, I. Poltoratska, V.Y. Ponomarev, A. Richter, H. Sakaguchi, Y. Shimbara, Y. Shimizu, J. Simonis, F.D. Smit, G. Susoy, T.
Suzuki, J.H. Thies, M. Yosoi, J. Zenihiro, Dipole polarizability of Sn-120 and nuclear energy density functionals, Physical Review C 92,
031305 (2015).
M. Isaka, M. Kimura, E. Hiyama, H. Sagawa, Superdeformation of Ar hypernuclei, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2015
103d02 (2015).
T. Kawahara, S. Sakaguchi, K. Tateishi, T.L. Tang, T. Uesaka, Kinetic Parameters of Photo-Excited Triplet State of Pentacene Determined by
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84 044005 (2015).
M. Krumbholz, P. von Neumann-Cosel, T. Hashimoto, A. Tamii, T. Adachi, C.A. Bertulani, H. Fujita, Y. Fujita, E. Ganioglu, K. Hatanaka, C.
Iwamoto, T. Kawabata, N.T. Khai, A. Krugmann, D. Martin, H. Matsubara, R. Neveling, H. Okamura, H.J. Ong, I. Poltoratska, V.Y. Ponomarev,
A. Richter, H. Sakaguchi, Y. Shimbara, Y. Shimizu, J. Simonis, F.D. Smit, G. Susoy, J.H. Thies, T. Suzuki, M. Yosoi, J. Zenihiro, Low-energy
electric dipole response in Sn-120, Physics Letters B 744, 7 (2015).
A.K. Kurilkin, T. Saito, V.P. Ladygin, T. Uesaka, M. Hatano, A.Y. Isupov, M. Janek, H. Kato, N.B. Ladygina, Y. Maeda, A.I. Malakhov, J.
Nishikawa, T. Ohnishi, H. Okamura, S.G. Reznikov, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, S. Sakoda, Y. Satou, K. Sekiguchi, K. Suda, A. Tamii, N.
Uchigashima, T.A. Vasiliev, K. Yako, Vector analyzing power A (y) and tensor analyzing powers A (yy) , A (xx) , and A (xz) in the reaction d ->H-3 (p) at the energy of 200 MeV, Physics of Atomic Nuclei 78, 918 (2015).
J. Marganiec, F. Wamers, F. Aksouh, Y. Aksyutina, H. Alvarez-Pol, T. Aumann, S. Beceiro-Novo, K. Boretzky, M.J.G. Borge, M. Chartier, A.
Chatillon, L.V. Chulkov, D. Cortina-Gil, H. Emling, O. Ershova, L.M. Fraile, H.O.U. Fynbo, D. Galaviz, H. Geissel, M. Heil, D.H.H. Hoffmann,
J. Hoffmann, H.T. Johansson, B. Jonson, C. Karagiannis, O.A. Kiselev, J.V. Kratz, R. Kulessa, N. Kurz, C. Langer, M. Lantz, T. Le Bleis, R.
Lemmon, Y.A. Litvinov, K. Mahata, C. Muntz, T. Nilsson, C. Nociforo, G. Nyman, W. Ott, V. Panin, S. Paschalis, A. Perea, R. Plag, R. Reifarth,
A. Richter, C. Rodriguez-Tajes, D. Rossi, K. Riisager, D. Savran, G. Schrieder, H. Simon, J. Stroth, K. Summerer, O. Tengblad, H. Weick, M.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Wiescher, C. Wimmer, M.V. Zhukov, Studies of continuum states in (16) Ne using three-body correlation techniques, European PhysicalJournal A 51, 9 (2015).
H. Matsubara, A. Tamii, H. Nakada, T. Adachi, J. Carter, M. Dozono, H. Fujita, K. Fujita, Y. Fujita, K. Hatanaka, W. Horiuchi, M. Itoh, T.
Kawabata, S. Kuroita, Y. Maeda, P. Navratil, P. von Neumann-Cosel, R. Neveling, H. Okamura, L. Popescu, I. Poltoratska, A. Richter, B.
Rubio, H. Sakaguchi, S. Sakaguchi, Y. Sakemi, Y. Sasamoto, Y. Shimbara, Y. Shimizu, F.D. Smit, K. Suda, Y. Tameshige, H. Tokieda, Y.
Yamada, M. Yosoi, J. Zenihiro, Nonquenched Isoscalar Spin-M1 Excitations in sd-Shell Nuclei, Physical Review Letters 115, 102501 (2015).
S. Omika, T. Yamaguchi, M. Fukuda, A. Kitagawa, S. Matsunaga, D. Nagae, D. Nishimura, T. Nishimura, A. Ozawa, S. Sato, K. Sawahata, T.
Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Spatial distributions of photons in plastic scintillator detected by multi-anode photomultiplier for heavy-ion position
determination, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and AssociatedEquipment 797, 247 (2015).
H. Sagawa, K. Hagino, Theoretical models for exotic nuclei, European Physical Journal A 51, 102 (2015).
C. Santamaria, C. Louchart, A. Obertelli, V. Werner, P. Doornenbal, F. Nowacki, G. Authelet, H. Baba, D. Calvet, F. Chateau, A. Corsi, A.
Delbart, J.M. Gheller, A. Gillibert, T. Isobe, V. Lapoux, M. Matsushita, S. Momiyama, T. Motobayashi, M. Niikura, H. Otsu, C. Peron, A.
Peyaud, E.C. Pollacco, J.Y. Rousse, H. Sakurai, M. Sasano, Y. Shiga, S. Takeuchi, R. Taniuchi, T. Uesaka, H. Wang, K. Yoneda, F. Browne,
L.X. Chung, Z. Dombradi, S. Franchoo, F. Giacoppo, A. Gottardo, K. Hadynska-Klek, Z. Korkulu, S. Koyama, Y. Kubota, J. Lee, M. Lettmann,
R. Lozeva, K. Matsui, T. Miyazaki, S. Nishimura, L. Olivier, S. Ota, Z. Patel, N. Pietralla, E. Sahin, C. Shand, P.A. Soderstrom, I. Stefan, D.
Steppenbeck, T. Sumikama, D. Suzuki, Z. Vajta, J. Wu, Z. Xu, Extension of the N=40 Island of Inversion towards N=50: Spectroscopy of
Cr-66, Fe-70,Fe-72, Physical Review Letters 115, 192501 (2015).
X. Xu, M. Wang, Y.H. Zhang, H.S. Xu, P. Shuai, X.L. Tu, Y.A. Litvinov, X.H. Zhou, B.H. Sun, Y.J. Yuan, J.W. Xia, J.C. Yang, K. Blaum, R.J. Chen,
X.C. Chen, C.Y. Fu, Z. Ge, Z.G. Hu, W.J. Huang, D.W. Liu, Y.H. Lam, X.W. Ma, R.S. Mao, T. Uesaka, G.Q. Xiao, Y.M. Xing, T. Yamaguchi, Y.
Yamaguchi, Q. Zeng, X.L. Yan, H.W. Zhao, T.C. Zhao, W. Zhang, W.L. Zhan, Direct mass measurements of neutron-rich Kr-86 projectile
fragments and the persistence of neutron magic number N=32 in Sc isotopes, Chinese Physics C 39, 104001 (2015).
K. Kisamori, S. Shimoura, H. Miya, S. Michimasa, S. Ota, M. Assie, H. Baba, T. Baba, D. Beaumel, M. Dozono, T. Fujii, N. Fukuda, S. Go, F.
Hammache, E. Ideguchi, N. Inabe, M. Itoh, D. Kameda, S. Kawase, T. Kawabata, M. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, T. Kubo, Y. Kubota, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, C.S. Lee, Y. Maeda, H. Matsubara, K. Miki, T. Nishi, S. Noji, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakai, Y. Sasamoto, M. Sasano, H. Sato, Y.
Shimizu, A. Stolz, H. Suzuki, M. Takaki, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, A. Tamii, L. Tang, H. Tokieda, M. Tsumura, T. Uesaka, K. Yako, Y.
Yanagisawa, R. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, Candidate Resonant Tetraneutron State Populated by the He-4 (He-8, Be-8) Reaction, PhysicalReview Letters 116 052501 (2016).
Y. Kondo, T.Nakamura, R.Tanaka, R.Minakata, S.Ogoshi, N.A.Orr, N.L.Achouri, T.Aumann, H.Baba, F.Delaunay, P.Doornenbal, N.Fukuda,
J.Gibelin, J.W.Hwang, N.Inabe, T.Isobe, D.Kameda, D.Kanno, S.Kim, N.Kobayashi, T.Kobayashi, T.Kubo, S.Leblond, J.Lee, F.M.Marques,
T.Motobayashi, D.Murai, T.Murakami, K.Muto, T.Nakashima, N.Nakatsuka, A.Navin, S.Nishi, H.Otsu, H.Sato, Y.Satou, Y.Shimizu,
H.Suzuki, K.Takahashi, H.Takeda, S.Takeuchi, Y.Togano, A.G.Tuff, M.Vandebrouck, K.Yoneda, " Nucleus 26O: A Barely Unbound
System beyond the Drip Line”, Physical Review Letters 116, 102503 (2016).
J. Yasuda, M. Sasano, R.G.T. Zegers, H. Baba, W. Chao, M. Dozono, N. Fukuda, N. Inabe, T. Isobe, G. Jhang, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, E. Milman, T. Motobayashi, H. Otsu, V. Panin, W. Powell, H. Sakai, M. Sako, H. Sato, Y. Shimizu, L. Stuhl, H. Suzuki, S.
Tangwancharoen, H. Takeda, T. Uesaka, K. Yoneda, J. Zenihiro, T. Kobayashi, T. Sumikama, T. Tako, T. Nakamura, Y. Kondo, Y. Togano, M.
Shikata, J. Tsubota, K. Yako, S. Shimoura, S. Ota, S. Kawase, Y. Kubota, M. Takaki, S. Michimasa, K. Kisamori, C.S. Lee, H. Tokieda, M.
Kobayashi, S. Koyama, N. Kobayashi, T. Wakasa, S. Sakaguchi, A. Krasznahorkay, T. Murakami, N. Nakatsuka, M. Kaneko, Y. Matsuda, D.
Mucher, S. Reichert, D. Bazin, J.W. Lee, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 376, 393 (2016) .
H. Otsu, S. Koyama, N. Chiga, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, M. Kurokawa, W.G. Lynch, T. Motobayashi, T. Murakami, T. Nakamura, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, V. Panin, H. Sato, Y. Shimizu, H. Sakurai, M.B. Tsang, K. Yoneda, H. Wang, SAMURAI in its operation phase for RIBF
users, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 376, 175 (2016).
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Y. Abe, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, T. Uesaka, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, D. Nagae, H. Miura, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yano, Isochronous field study of
the Rare-RI Ring, Physica Scripta, T166 014047 (2015).
F. Suzaki, Y. Abe, A. Ozawa, T. Suzuki, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Zenihiro, R.I.R.C. Rare, A
resonant Schottky pick-up for Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN, Physica Scripta T166, 014059 (2015).
M. von Schmid, S. Bagchi, S. Bonig, M. Csatlos, I. Dillmann, C. Dimopoulou, P. Egelhof, V. Eremin, T. Furuno, H. Geissel, R. Gernhauser, M.N.
Harakeh, A.L. Hartig, S. Ilieva, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, O. Kiselev, H. Kollmus, C. Kozhuharov, A. Krasznahorkay, T. Kroll, M. Kuilman, S.
Litvinov, Y.A. Litvinov, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, M. Mutterer, D. Nagae, M.A. Najafi, C. Nociforo, F. Nolden, U. Popp, C. Rigollet, S. Roy, C.
Scheidenberger, M. Steck, B. Streicher, L. Stuhl, M. Thurauf, T. Uesaka, H. Weick, J.S. Winfield, D. Winters, P.J. Woods, T. Yamaguchi, K.
Yue, J.C. Zamora, J. Zenihiro, E.X.L. Collaboration, Investigation of the nuclear matter distribution of Ni-56 by elastic proton scattering ininverse kinematics, Physica Scripta, T166, 014005 (2015).
Y. Yamaguchi, H. Miura, M. Wakasugi, Y. Abe, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, A. Tokuchi, T. Uesaka, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yano, Fast-kicker system forrare-RI ring, Physica Scripta, T166, 014056 (2015).
J.C. Zamora, S. Bagchi, S. Bonig, M. Csatlos, I. Dillmann, C. Dimopoulou, P. Egelhof, V. Eremin, T. Furuno, H. Geissel, R. Gernhauser, M.N.
Harakeh, A.L. Hartig, S. Ilieva, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, O. Kiselev, K. Kollmus, C. Kozhuharov, A. Krasznahorkay, T. Kroll, M. Kuilman, S.
Litvinov, Y.A. Litvinov, M. Mahjour-Shafiei, M. Mutterer, D. Nagae, M.A. Najafi, C. Nociforo, F. Nolden, U. Popp, C. Rigollet, S. Roy, C.
Scheidenberger, M. von Schmid, M. Steck, B. Streicher, L. Stuhl, M. Thurauf, T. Uesaka, H. Weick, J.S. Winfield, D. Winters, P.J. Woods, T.
Yamaguchi, K. Yue, J. Zenihiro, E.X.L. Collaboration, Isoscalar giant resonance studies in a stored-beam experiment within EXL, Physica
Scripta, T166, 014006 (2015).
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
T. Uesaka, ``Double Gamow-Teller Resonances – the other side of ββ-decay’’, Neutrino and Dark Matter in Nuclear Physics 2015, Jyvaskyla,
Finland, 1—5 June 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``Rare RI Ring at RIBF – Yet Another Storage Device in RIKEN --’’, 6th Interenational Workshop on Electrostatic Storage Devices,- 368 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Tokyo, Japan, 8—11 June 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``New Aspects of Nuclear Spin-Isospin Responses probed with Heavy-Ion Charge Exchange Reactions’’, 12th International
Coference on Nucleaus-Nucleus Collisions, Catania, Italy, 21—26 June 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``Probing two-neutron correlations via knockout-delayed particle emission’’, 2nd International Wrokshop on Neutron-Proton
Correlations, Hong Kong, China, 6—9 July 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``Experimental methods and measured observables with polarized proton targets : Understanding Spin-Orbit’’, Rewriting Nuclear
Physics textbooks - 30 years with Radioactive Ion Beam Physics -, Pisa, Italy, 20—24 July 2015. (invited lecture)
T. Uesaka, ``Research Programs at RI Beam Factory’’, 9th International Physics Conference of the Balkan Physical Union, Istanbul, Turkey,
24—27 August 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``Nuclear Astrophysics at RIBF’’, 8th European Summer School on Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics, Catania, Italy, 13—20
September 2015. (invited lecture)
T. Uesaka, ``Physics with exotic nuclei at RIKEN and in Asia’’, 19th Colloque GANIL, Anglet, France, 11—16 October 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``New Aspects of Nuclear Spin-Isospin Responses probed with Heavy-Ion Charge Exchange Reactions’’, High Resolution
Spectrometer Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany, 4—6 November 2015. (invited)
T. Uesaka, ``New Aspects of Nuclear Spin-Isospin Responses probed with Heavy-Ion Charge Exchange Reactions’’, International
Symposium on High-Resolution Spectroscopy and Tensor Interactions, Osaka, Japan, 16—19 November 2015. (invi1ted)
T. Uesaka, ``Mass Measurements at RIBF’’, NUSTAR Annual Meeting 2016, Darmstadt, Germany, 29 February—4 March 2016. (invi1ted)
V. Panin, “New generation of the experiments for the investigation of the stellar (p,γ) reaction rates using SAMURAI”, Fifth International
Conference on Proton-emitting Nuclei (PROCON2015), Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July 2015.
V. Panin, “Progress report on Heavy-Ion-Proton project”, SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop 2015, Wako, Saitama, 7-8
September 2015.
Z. Yang, “Study on the cluster structure of light neutron-rich nuclei”, SINAP-CUSTIPEN Workshop on Clusters and Correlations in Nuclei,
Nuclear Reactions and Neutron Stars, Shanghai China, 14-18 Dec (2015).
Z. Yang, “Cluster structure in light neutron-rich nuclei”, International Mini-Workshop on alpha-condensates and monopole excitations, Osaka
Japan, 2-3 Sep (2015).
M. Sasano, “Study of Gamow-Teller transitions in 132Sn”, International Conference, Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna, Russia,
14-18th July (2015). (invited).
M. Sasano, “Gamow-Teller transitions from 132Sn”, Collective motion in nuclei under extreme conditions, Krakow, Poland, 14-18th
September (2015). (invited).
M. Sasano, “Status of fission experiments at RIKEN RIBF”, 27th ASRC International Workshop " Nuclear Fission and Exotic Nuclei ", Ibraraki
Quantum Beam Research Center, Tokai, Japan, 1-2nd.December (2015). (invited).
M. Sasano, ``Gamow-Teller transitions from 56Ni’’, International Symposium on High-Resolution Spectroscopy and Tensor Interactions,
Osaka, Japan, 16—19 November 2015. (invited)
L. Stuhl, “Investigation of spin-isospin collectivity in asymmetric nuclear matter”, 14th CNS International Summer School (CNSS15), Wako,
Saitama, Japan, 26th August – 1st September (2015).
J. Yasuda, “Slow neutron detector WINDS for (p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics with SAMURAI spectrometer”, International Conference on
Electromagnetic Isotope Separator and Related Topics (EMIS 2015), Grand Raipids, MI, US, 11-15th May (2015).
J. Zenihiro, ``Proton elastic scattering and neutron density distributions’’, International Symposium on High-Resolution Spectroscopy andTensor Interactions, Osaka, Japan, 16—19 November 2015. (invited)
Y. Kubota, “Probing multi-neutron correlation via knockout reaction”, Critical Stability in Few-Body Systems, Saitama, Japan, 26–30th January(2015).
S. Reichert, "Study of fission barriers in neutron-rich nuclei using the (p,2p) reaction: Status of SAMURAI Experiment NP1306 SAMURAI14"
at DPG Fruehjahrstagung, March 23-27, Heidelberg
S. Reichert, "Fission barrier in n-rich nuclei: Status of SAMURAI Experiment NP1306 SAMURAI14" at RA G Science Day at Max Planck
Institute for Extraterrestic Physics, July 9, Munich
H. Sagawa, "Three-body model for exotic nuclei", Gordon conference of nuclear chemistry, New Hampshire, USA, May 31-June 5th, (2015).
H. Sagawa, "Isoscalar spin-triplet pairing interaction and Spin-Isospin excitations", International workshop on Nucleon-nucleon interaction in2015, Catania, Italy June 18-20 (2015).
H. Sagawa, "Three-body model for unbound nucleus 26O", Nucleus-nucleus collision 2015, Catania, Italy, June 22-26 (2015).
H. Sagawa, "Does monopole pigmy resonance exist in 68Ni?" Nucleus-nucleus collision 2015, Catania, Italy, June 22-26 (2015).
H. Sagawa, "Isoscalar spin-triplet pairing correlations and Spin-Isospin response", 2nd International workshop on neutron-proton correlations,
HongKong, China, July 6-9 (2015).
H. Sagawa, " Isoscalar spin-triplet pairing and tensor correlations on Spin-Isospin response", Kyoto CANHP2015 Workshop 5th week
“Energy density functionals”, Kyoto, Japan, October 19-23 (2015).
H. Sagawa, " Isoscalar spin-triplet pairing and tensor correlations on Spin-Isospin response", International Workshop on tensor correlations
and nuclear structure, Osaka, Japan, Nov 16-19 (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
V. Panin, “Investigation of key nuclear reactions in the astrophysical rp-process using SAMURAI”, 70th JPS Annual meeting, Tokyo,
Japan, 21-24 March 2015.
Z. Yang, “Strong Monopole Transition and Clustering in 12Be”, アイソスカラー型単極遷移で探る原子核の励起状態とクラスター構造, Osaka
Japan, 16-17 July (2015).
笹野 匡紀, 「ノックアウト(p,2p)反応を用いた核分裂閾値エネルギーの測定」、日本物理学会2015年秋季大会、シンポジウム「重イオン深部非弾性散乱の基礎と応用」、大阪市立大学、2015年9月25日 (招待・シンポジウム講演)
L. Stuhl, “Around the Nucleus”, JSPS Science Dialogue, Tochigi Prefectural Utsunomiya Girl’s Senior High School, Utsunomiya, Japan, 2ndOctober (2015).
Y. Kubota, "ボロミアン核(p,pn)反応を用いた二中性子運動量相関の研究", 70th JPS meeting, Tokyo, Japan, 25-–28th March (2015).
洲崎ふみ, “稀少 RI リングのための共鳴ショットキーピックアップのオフライン性能試験”, 第 70 回日本物理学会 年次大会, 早稲田大学,
20150321-0324- 369 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

E. Milman “Experimental Plan for Resonant Scattering of 9C off Polarized Proton at 5.6 MeV/A”, JPS 70th Annual Meeting（2015）, Mar.
21-24，2015.
T. Uesaka, ``We are at the epoch !’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with Triplet-DNP technique and its application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8thJanuary (2016).
K. Tateishi, ``What is the important parameter for Triplet-DNP and chemical/medical applications’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with
Triplet-DNP technique and its application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8th January (2016).
S. Chebotaryov, ``Experiments on Elastic Scattering of Polarized Protons from 6He’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with Triplet-DNP
technique and its application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8th January (2016).
E. Milman, `` Search for 10N resonances with 9C + p resonant scattering’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with Triplet-DNP technique and its
application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8th January (2016).
T. Kaneko, `` Polarization transfer from electron to 13C via 1H spins’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with Triplet-DNP technique and its
application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8th January (2016).
K. Yamada, ``Hyperpolarization of flowing water with Overhauser DNP’’, Workshop on ``Nuclear Physics with Triplet-DNP technique and its
application’’, Fukuoka, Japan, 8th January (2016).
上坂友洋, “サイクロトロン型蓄積リングによる稀少不安定核の質量測定”, 第 71 回日本物理学会年次大会シンポジウム「イオン蓄積リングが切り拓く多彩な物理」, 仙台, 日本, 2016 年 3 月 19—22 日
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
L. Stuhl, “A new low-energy neutron detector for (p,n) experiments with pulse shape discrimination properties”, Collective motion in nuclei
under extreme conditions, Krakow, Poland, 14-18th September (2015).
Z. Ge, “Rare RI Ring at RIKEN -Isochronous Mass Spectrometry for the r-process nuclei”, The 13th international symposium on Origin of
Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG2015), Beijing, China, June 24-27 (2015).
F. Suzaki, “Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up in the commissioning of Rare-RI Ring”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion
Accelerator Technology (HIAT2015), Yokohama, Japan, 201509- 370 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Astro-Glaciology Research Unit
Summary of Research Activities

Our Astro-Glaciology Research Unit promotes both experimental and theoretical studies to open up the new interdisciplinary research
field of astro-glaciology, which combines astrophysics and glaciology.
On the experimental side, we analyze ice cores drilled at the Dome Fuji station, in Antarctica, in collaboration with the National
Institute of Polar Research (NIPR, Tokyo). These ice cores are time capsules. In particular, the ice cores obtained at Dome Fuji are known
to be unique because they contain much more information on conditions in the stratosphere than any other ice cores recovered from otherlocations in either hemisphere. This means that there are significant advantages in using Dome Fuji ice cores if we wish to study
astronomical phenomena of the past. Since gamma-rays and high-energy protons that are emitted in certain astronomical processes affectthe chemical and isotopic compositions in the stratosphere but not those in the troposphere, we have been measuring:(1) Variations in the nitrate ion (NO3-) concentrations in the ice cores, in an effort to establish a new proxy for supernova explosions in
our own galaxy as well as past solar activity.
(2) Variations in the water isotopes (18O and 2H) in the ice cores, in order to construct in more detail records of past changes in thetemperature of the surface of the earth; and(3) Variations in the nitrogen isotope (15N) in the nitrates contained in the ice cores, in order to investigate the possibility of utilizing
15N as a new and more stable proxy for galactic supernovae explosions and past solar activity.
In the case of items (1), (2), and (3), our analyses of Dome Fuji ice cores cover the most recent 2000 years. The temporal resolution of
the results of our research is currently 12 months. We intend to compare the results obtained in item (1) with those in item (2), in order tounderstand better the relationships between solar activity and long-term changes in the temperature of the earth. The underlying
assumptions in item (2) are already well accepted in glaciology. Item (3) refers to one of the very first measurements of 15N concentrationsin ice cores.
On the theoretical side, we are simulating numerically:(4) Changes in the chemical composition of the stratosphere induced by gamma-rays and/or high-energy particles emitted from
explosive astronomical phenomena, such as galactic supernovae and solar proton events; and(5) The explosive nucleosynthesis (including the r-process, the rapid neutron capture process, which creates elements heavier thaniron) that arises in the environment of core-collapse supernova explosions.
Items (4) and (5) in our list, the chemical composition of the stratosphere and explosive nucleosynthesis, are very important insolar–terrestrial research and nuclear astrophysics; furthermore, these simulations provide a theoretical support when considering thecharacteristics of supernova explosions and solar activity, as seen in our ice core data. These studies are also important because it isnecessary to discount the effects of the meteorological noise.
It is noteworthy that the as yet not fully understood frequency of supernova explosions in our galaxy is crucial to an understanding of
the r-process nucleosynthesis. The results obtained from items (1) and (3) are expected to reveal the average rate of supernova explosions in
our galaxy during the past million years of ice deposition.

Members
Research Unit Leader (Lab. Head)
Yuko MOTIZUKI
Research & Technical Scientists
Kazuya TAKAHASHI (Concurrent: RI Application Team, SeniorResearch Scientist)

Yoichi NAKAI (Concurrent: RI Physics Lab., Senior Research
Scientist)

Part-time Workers
Manami MARUYAMA (Oct. 10, 2012 – Mar. 31, 2016)
Yuma HASEBE (Saitama Univ., Nov. 1, 2014 –)Sachiko MIYAZAKI (Aug. 1, 2015 – Mar. 31, 2016)
Yoko HOSHINO (Jan. 5, 2016 - Mar. 31, 2016)

Visiting Scientists
Yasushige YANO (Concurrent)
Akira HORI (Kitami Inst. of Tech.)

Hideharu AKIYOSHI (Nat‘l Inst. for Environ. Studies)
Hideki MADOKORO (Mitsubishi Heavy Ind., Ltd.)

Student Trainees
Yuma HASEBE (Saitama Univ.)- 378 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Shuji Fujita, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Akira Hori, Yoshinori Iizuka, Yuko Motizuki, Hideaki Motoyama, Kazuya Takahashi:“Densification of layered firn of the ice sheet at Dome Fuji, Antarctica”, Journal of Glaciology (2016), 21 pages, Available on CJO2016
doi:10.1017/jog.2016.16*
Michael Sigl, J.R. McConnell, M. Toohey, G. Plunkett, F. Ludlow, M. Winstrup, S. Kipfstuhl, Y. Motizuki: “The history of volcanic eruptions
since Roman times”, PAGES MAGAZINE, 23, 48-49, 2015.*
Fusa Miyake, Asami Suzuki, Kimiaki Masuda, Kazuho Horiuchi, Hideaki Motoyama, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi,
Yoichi Nakai: “Cosmic ray event of AD 774-775 shown in quasi-annual 10Be data from the Antarctic Dome Fuji ice core”, GeophysicalResearch Letters, 42, 84-89, 2015.*
望月優子: 「南極の氷床コアから太陽活動と気候変動の関係を探る」、理研環境報告書2015、pp.17-20、2015.
Y. Nakai, Y. Motizuki, M. Maruyama, H. Akiyoshi, T. Imamura : “Variation of chemical composition induced by solar energetic particle eventsin the middle atmosphere”, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 168, 2015.*
Y. Motizuki, S. Okamoto, K. Takahashi, Y. Nakai, A. Makabe, K. Koba, H. Motoyama : “Measurements of nitrogen isotope ratios in samples withvery low nitrate concentrations from the Dome Fuji ice core (Antarctica) drilled in 2010”, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 48, 169, 2015.*
M. Sigl, J. McConnell, M. Toohey, M. Curran, S. Das, R. Edwards, E. Isaksson, K. Kawamura, S. Kipfstuhl, K. Krüger, L. Layman, O. Maselli, Y.
Motizuki, H. Motoyama, D. Pasteris, M. Severi: “Insights from Antarctica on volcanic forcing during the Common Era”, RIKEN Accel. Prog.
Rep. 48, 167, 2015.*[Book](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review

望月優子：『放射化学の事典』（共同執筆）、日本放射化学会編、pp.274-277(「軽い元素の原子核合成」「重い元素の原子核合成」)、朝倉書店、2015.*

Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.](Invited talk) Yuko Motizuki: “Astronomical signatures embedded in ice cores", Baymfest in Tokyo -Exploring Extreme Forms of Matter-, Tokyo,
Japan, Mar. 14, 2016.
Kenji Tanabe and Yuko Motiziuki: “Possible geologial records of symbiotic binary R Aquarii’s historical outbursts”, XXIX IAU General Assembly,
Honolulu, USA, Aug. 3-14, 2015.
Y. Nakai, Y. Motizuki, M. Maruyama, H. Akiyoshi, T. Imamura: “Variation of trace chemical species induced by solar energetic particles in the
middle atmosphere: ozone and nitric acid”, Japan Geoscience Union Meeting, Chiba, May 24-28, 2015.
[Domestic Conference]（招待講演）望月優子：「アイスコアからさぐる天文・宇宙のサイエンス－過去の超新星の爆発から宇宙のリズムまで－」、大阪大学理学部
講義「理学への招待」、豊中、2015年11月30日.
（招待講演）望月優子：「浅層コア詳細化学解析－これまでのまとめと第9期の研究提案、IPICS 2kへの貢献を見据えて－」極地研研究集会「南極雪氷科学の展開による新たな古環境復元とメカニズム理解にむけて」、立川、2015年9月24-25日.
長谷部憂磨、望月優子：「南極ドローニングモードランドアイスコアの酸素同位体比からわかる気温変動と太陽活動周期との関係」、日本
天文学会2015年秋季年会、神戸、2015年9月9-11日.
（招待講演）望月優子：「宇宙と生命とのつながり－生命と元素、星、宇宙のリズム－」、平成２７年度スーパーサイエンスハイスクール
生徒研究発表会研究者ミニライブ、大阪、2015年8月6日.
（招待講演）望月優子：「南極アイスコアから探る環境変動」、文部科学省科学技術・学術政策研究所主催「近未来への招待状〜ナイスス
テップな研究者2014からのメッセージ」、東京、2015年7月27日.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Kazuya Takahashi, Yuko Motizuki, Yoichi Nakai, Keisuke Suzuki, Yoshinori Iizuka, and Hideaki Motoyama: “Overview of chemicalcomposition and the characteristics of the distributions of Na+ and Cl- in shallow ice core samples from DF01 core (Antarctica) drilled in2001” (A poster paper), The 6th Symposium on Polar Science, Tachikawa, Japan, Nov. 16-19, 2015.
Yuma Hasebe, Yuko Motizuki, Yoichi Nakai, Kazuya Takahashi: “Diagnose oscillation properties observed in an annual ice-core oxygenisotope record obtained from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica” (A poster paper), The 6th Symposium on Polar Science, Tachikawa, Japan,
Nov. 16-19, 2015.
[Domestic Conference]（招待講演）望月優子：「地球規模の気候に影響を与えた火山噴火に関する南極アイスコア科学の推進」（パネル発表）、第56回（2015年度）文部科学省科学技術週間展示、東京、2015年4月13日-19日.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
1. Abstract

The elements with their atomic number Z>103 are called as trans-actinide or superheavy elements. The chemical properties of thoseelements have not yet been studied in detail. Those elements do not exist in nature. Therefore, they must be produced by artificially for thescientific study of those elements. In our laboratory, we have been studying the physical and chemical properties of the superheavy
elements utilizing the accelerators in RIKEN and various methods of efficient production of the superheavy elements.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Search for new superheavy elements(2) Decay spectroscopy of the heaviest nuclei(3) Study of the chemical properties of the heaviest elements(4) Study of the reaction mechanism of the fusion process (theory)

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Searching for new elements
To expand the periodic table of elements and the nuclear chart, we will search for new elements.
(2) Spectroscopic study of the nucleus of heavy elements
Using the high sensitivity system for detecting the heaviest element, we plan to perform a spectroscopic study of nuclei of the heavy
elements.
(3) Chemistry of superheavy elements
Study of chemistry of the trans-actinide (superheavy element) has just started world-wide, making it a new frontier in the field ofchemistry. Relativistic effects in chemical property are predicted by many theoretical studies. We will try to develop this new field.
(4) Study of a reaction mechanism for fusion process
Superheavy elements have been produced by complete fusion reaction of two heavy nuclei. However, the reaction mechanism of thefusion process is still not well understood theoretically. When we design an experiment to synthesize nuclei of the superheavy elements, weneed to determine a beam-target combination and the most appropriate reaction energy. This is when the theory becomes important. We will
try to develop a reaction theory useful in designing an experiment by collaborating with the theorists.
(5) Research Highlight
The discovery of a new element is one of the exciting topics both for nuclear physicists and nuclear chemists. The elements with their
atomic number Z>103 are called as trans-actinides or superheavy elements. The chemical properties of those elements have not yet beenstudied in detail. Since those elements do not exist in nature, they must be produced by artificially, by using nuclear reactions for the studyof those elements. Because the production rate of atoms of those elements is extremely small, an efficient production and collection are key
issues of the superheavy research. In our laboratory, we have been trying to produce new elements, studying the physical and chemical
properties of the superheavy elements utilizing the accelerators in RIKEN.
Although the Research Group for Superheavy element has started at April 2013, the Group is a renewal of the Superheay Element
Laboratory started at April 2006, based on a research group which belonged to the RIKEN accelerator research facility (RARF), and hadstudied the productions of the heaviest elements. The main experimental apparatus is a gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS. The heaviest
elements with their atomic numbers, 107 (Bohrium), 108 (Hassium), 109 (Meitnerium), 110 (Darmstadtium), 111 (Roentogenium), and 112(not yet named) were discovered as new elements at Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Germany by using 208Pb
or 209Bi based complete fusion reactions, so called “cold fusion” reactions. We have made independent confirmations of the productions ofisotopes of 108th, 110th, 111th, and 112th elements by using the same reactions performed at GSI. After these work, we observed an isotopeof the 113th element, 278113, in July 2004, in April, 2005, and in August 2012. The isotope, 278113, has both the largest atomic number, (Z =113) and atomic mass number (A = 278) which have determined experimentally among the isotopes which have been produced by cold
fusion reactions. We could show the world highest sensitivity for production and detection of the superheavy elements by theseobservations. Finally, our results that related to 278113 has been recognized as a discovery of new element by a Joint Working Party of theInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP).
We decided to make one more recoil separator GARIS-II, which has an acceptance twice as large as existing GARIS, in order torealize higher sensitivity. The design of GARIS-II has finished in 2008. All fabrication of the separator will be finished at the end of fiscal
year 2008. It will be ready for operation in fiscal year 2009 after some commissioning works.
Preparatory work for the study of the chemical properties of the superheavy elements has started by using the gas-jet transport system
coupled to GARIS. The experiment was quite successful. The background radioactivity of unwanted reaction products has been highly
suppressed. Without using the recoil separator upstream the gas-jet transport system, large amount of unwanted radioactivity strongly
prevents the unique identification of the event of our interest. This new technique makes clean and clear studies of chemistry of the heaviest
elements promising.
The spectroscopic study of the heaviest elements has started by using alpha spectrometry. New isotope, 263Hs (Z=108), which has thesmallest atomic mass number ever observed among the Hassium isotopes, had discovered in the study. New spectroscopic information for
264Hs and its daughters have obtained also. The spectroscopic study of Rutherfordium isotope 261Rf (Z=104) has done and 1.9-s isomericstate has directly produced for the first time.
Preparatory works for the study of the new superheavy elements with atomic number 119 and 120 have started in 2013. We measured- 380 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

the reaction products of the 248Cm(48Ca, xn)296-xLv(Z=116) previously studied by Frelov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, Russia, and GSI.
248Cm(48Ca, xn)296-xLv(Z=116) previously
292Lv. by Frelov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, Russia, and GSI.
the
of in
thetotal
We reaction
observedproducts
5 isotopes
which tentatively assigned to 293Lv, andstudied293
We observed 5 isotopes in total which tentatively assigned to Lv, and 292Lv.

Members
Members

Group Director
Group
Director
KosukeMORITA
Kosuke MORITA
Visiting Scientist
Visiting
Scientist
Kunihiro
FUJITA (Kyushu Univ.)
Kunihiro FUJITA (Kyushu Univ.)
Student Trainees
Student
Trainees(Kyushu Univ.)
Taiki TANAKATaiki
TANAKA (Kyushu
Yuki YAMANO(KyushuUniv.)
Univ.)
Yuki YAMANO (Kyushu Univ.)

Kenyu WATANABE (Kyushu Univ.)
Kenyu WATANABE (Kyushu Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
List of Publications & Presentations

Publications
Publications[Journal][Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review(Original
Papers)*Subject
to Peer
D. Kaji, K.
Morimoto,
H. Haba,
E.Review
Ideguchi, H. Koura, K. Morita "Decay Properties of New Isotopes 234Bk and 230Am, and Even–Even
D.Nuclides
Kaji, K. Morimoto,Haba, E.
Ideguchi,
Koura, Society
K. Morita"Decay 85,
Properties
New*Isotopes 234Bk and 230Am, and Even–Even
234Cm andH.230Pu",
Journalof theH.Physicalof Japan,
015002 of(2016)
andDouble-layered
230Pu", Journaltargetof theandPhysicalSociety ofJapan,of85,individual
015002 (2016)
D.Nuclides
Kaji, K. 234Cm
Morimoto,
identification
methodtarget *correlated with evaporation residues, Nuclear
D.Instruments
Kaji, K. Morimoto,
Double-layeredtarget andidentification
method of individual target correlated with evaporation residues, Nuclear& Methods
in Physics Research
A792(2015) 11-14*
Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A792 (2015) 11-14*(Review)(Review)[解説、和文][解説、和文]K. Morimoto 113 番新元素の合成 "Synthesis of 113th new element", 放射化学 The Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences,
K. Vol.33,
Morimoto
番新元素の合成 "Synthesis of 113th new element", 放射化学 The Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences,
pp. 113
10-16
Vol.33, pp. 10-16
Oral Presentations
Oral
Presentations[International
Conference etc.][International
Conferenceetc.]
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto,Y. Wakabayashi,
M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, K. Morita, H. Haba, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kikunaga, and
D.M.
Kaji,
K. "GARIS-II:
Morimoto,
Wakabayashi,
M. Takeyama,
S. Yamaki,
K. Tanaka,
K. Morita, H. Haba, M. Murakami, S. Goto,
H. Kikunaga,Aizu
and
Asai
New
Gas-filled
Ion
atatRIKEN",
2015（TAN15）,
超アクチノイド元素の化学と物理国際会議
Asai"GARIS-II:Y.
New
Gas-filled Recoil
Recoil
IonSeparator
Separator
RIKEN"",
超アクチノイド元素の化学と物理国際会議
2015（TAN15）,
M.
Asai "GARIS-II:
New29Gas-filled
Fukushima
Japan, May
2015" Recoil Ion Separator at RIKEN"", 超アクチノイド元素の化学と物理国際会議 2015（TAN15）, Aizu
Japan,
May 29K.
2015"
S. Fukushima
Wakabayashi,
K. Morita,
Morimoto, D. Kaji, H. Haba, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, K.
215
216
S. Nishio,
Wakabayashi,
K. M.
Morita,H. Haba,
M. Takeyama,
S. Yamaki,
Tanaka,T. Tanaka,
Murakami,
Komori, K.
UK.andU closeto N =M.
126",
The 5thY.International
H. Koura,Asai,K.Y.Morimoto,
Aritomo, D.
A. Kaji,
Yoneda"Productionof new isotopes,
216
U and
U closeto NMay= 126",The 5th International
Nishio, H. Koura,
Asai, Y.and
Aritomo,A. of
Yoneda"ProductionElementsof new isotopes,
Conference
on theM.
Chemistry
Physics
the Transactinide(TAN15),215
Aizu
Fukushima
Japan,
29 2015
the Chemistry
and Physics
theRIKEN",
Transactinide
Elements (TAN15),
AizuonFukushima
Japan, May
29Related2015 Topics, Dubna
K. Conference
Morimoto on"Superheavy
element
researchofat
The International
Conference
Nuclear Structure
andK. Russia,
Morimotoelement research at RIKEN", The International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna
July "Superheavy
17 2015
July 17
2015
K. Russia,
Morimoto"Synthesisof superheavy elements at RIKEN", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES
K. （PACIFICHEM
Morimoto "Synthesisof superheavy
elements
RIKEN", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES2015), Hawaii
USA, December
19 at
2015
2015),study
HawaiiUSA,aDecember
19 2015
D.（PACIFICHEMKaji "Heavy elementusing
new separator
GARIS-II", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIESD.（PACIFICHEMKaji "Heavy elementusing
new separator
GARIS-II", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES2015),study
HawaiiUSA,aDecember
19 20152015), Hawaii
USA, December
19 2015
K. （PACIFICHEM
Morita, "SHE research
at RIKEN/GARIS",The 9thJapan-China Joint Nuclear Physcs Symposium(JCNP2015), Osaka University Japan,
K. Novermber
Morita, "SHE
research
7-122015 at RIKEN/GARIS", The 9th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physcs Symposium(JCNP2015), Osaka University Japan,
7-122015 at RIKEN/GARIS", TAN15 Fukushima Japan, May 25-29 2015
K. Novermber
Morita, "SHE
research
K. Morita, "Research"SHE research
at RIKEN/GARIS",
TAN15
Fukushima
Japan,
May 25-29
2015March 6-11 2016of superheavy
element at
RIKEN",
LEAP2016,
Kanazawa
Japan,
K. Morita,"Research of superheavy element at RIKEN", LEAP2016, Kanazawa Japan, March 6-11 2016
[Domestic
Conference][Domestic
D. Kaji, Conference]
K. Morimoto, M. Haba, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Takeyama, S. Yamamoto, K. Tanaka, M. Huang, Y. Komori, J. Kanaya, M. Murakami, K.
D.Katori,Kaji, K.
Haba, Y. A.
Wakabayashi,
Takeyama,
S. Yamamoto,K. Tanaka,
Huang,
Y. Komori,J. Kanaya,
H.Morimoto,
Hasebe, M.
A. Yoneda,
Yoshida, F. M.
Tokanai,T. Yoshida,
T. Yamaguchi,
M. M.
Asai,
Z.Gan,
L. Ma, H.
Geissel,M.
S. Murakami,
Hofmann, K.
J.
Katori,Yoneda,T.A.
Yoshida,F. Tokanai, K.
T. Morita
Yoshida,T. Yamaguchi,
M. Asai, Z.Gan, L. 248
Ma,
H.48Geissel,
S. Hofmann, J.
Cm+
Ca→296Lv*に関する研究
Maurer,H.
K.Hasebe,
Fujita, Y.A.Narikiyo,
Tanaka,S. Yamamoto,"GARISを用いたホットフュージョン反応
Maurer,K. Fujita, Y. Narikiyo,
T. Tanaka,
S. Yamamoto,K. Morita26"GARIS",第 59 回放射化学討論会,
TohokuUniversity
Japan, September
2015 を用いたホットフュージョン反応 248Cm+48Ca→296Lv*に関する研究
第 59 回放射化学討論会,
TohokuUniversity
Japan,
September 26Y.2015
T. ",Tanaka,
K. Morita, K. Morimoto,
D. Kaji,
H. Haba,
Y. Wakabayashi,
Komori, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, H. Hasebe, M. Huang,
T. J.
Tanaka,K.M.
Morita,K. Morimoto,
D. Kaji,
H. Haba,T.
Y.Yamaguchi,
Wakabayashi,
Y. Komori,Takeyama,
S. L.
Yamaki,
Tanaka,Hasebe,Y.
M.Maurer,
Huang,
Kanaya,Murakami,
A. Yoneda,
A. Yoshida,
F. Tokanai,
Y. M.
Yoshida,Z.Gan,
Ma, H.K.
Geissel,S.H.
Hofmann,J.
Murakami,
Yoneda, A.
Yamaguchi,
F. Tokanai,
Y. Yoshida, Z.Gan, L.
Ma, H.atGeissel,
S. Hofmann, Y.
Maurer,K. Kanaya,
Fujita, Y.M.Narikiyo,
S. A.
Yamamoto,
M.Yoshida,
Asai, K.T.Katori"The reaction
48Ca+248Cm→296Lv*
studiedthe RIKEN-GARIS",
JPS
2015
K.
Fujita,Meeting,
Y. Narikiyo,
S. University
Yamamoto,
M. Asai,
K. Katori
AutumnKansaiJapan,
Septmeber
27"The2015reaction 48Ca+248Cm→296Lv* studied at the RIKEN-GARIS", JPS 2015
KansaiUniversity
Japan,D.
Septmeber
27 2015 S. Yamaki, Y. Wakabayashi, K. Tanaka, M. Takeyama, A. Yoneyama, H.
T. Autumn
Tanaka,Meeting,
Y. Narikiyo,
K. Morita,
K. Fujita,Kaji, K. Morimoto,
T. Haba,
Tanaka,Y. Narikiyo,
K. Morita,Kaji, K.
S. Yamaki,
Y. Wakabayashi,
M. Takeyama,
Yoneyama, H.
Y. Komori,S. Yanou,
B. J.K.
P.Fujita,
Gall, Z.D.Asfari,
H. Morimoto,Faure, H. Hasebe,
M. Huang,
J. Kanaya,K.M.Tanaka,
Murakami,
A. Yoshida, A.
T. Yamaguchi,
T.
Haba,
Y. T.
Komori,S. Yanou,
P. Gall,
Z. Asfari,Faure, H.
M. Yamamoto,Huang, J. Kanaya,
M. Murakami,
A. Yoshida,
T. Yamaguchi,
T.
Tokanai,
Yoshida,Z. Gan,B.L.J.Ma,
H. Geissel,
S. H.
Hofmann,
Y.Hasebe,
Maurer, S.
Y. Yamano,
K. Watanabe,
S. Ishizawa,
M. Asai, R.
Tokanai,
Yoshida,Z. Gan,L. Ma,
H. Geissel,
S. Hofmann,
Y. reaction
Maurer, S.
Yamamoto,
Y. Yamano, K. Watanabe,
Ishizawa,
M. Asai,
R.
Aono,
S. T.
Goto,
K. Katori"Studyof barrier
distribution
in heavy
systemat the RIKEN-GARIS",JPS 71th S.
AnnualMeeting(2016),
Aono,
Goto, K.
Katori "Study
barrierin heavy reaction system at the RIKEN-GARIS", JPS 71th Annual Meeting (2016),
TohokuS.Gakuin
University
Japan,ofMarch
21distribution
2016
GakuinMarch
2016M. Murakami, K. Ooe, H. Kudo "Production of neutron-deficient rutherfordium isotopes in
R.Tohoku
Aono, S.
Goto, University
D. Kaji, K.Japan,
Morimoto,
H. 21
Haba,
R.the
Aono,
S. Goto,D. Kaji,
K. Morimoto,Haba, M. Murakami, K.59
Ooe,
H. Kudo "Productionof neutron-deficientPb-208+ Ti-48,50
reactions",
2015H.
日本放射化学会年会・第回放射化学討論会,
TohokuUnivercity Japan,rutherfordium
Septmeber 26isotopes
2015 inthe Pb-208 + Ti-48,50 reactions", 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, Tohoku Univercity Japan, Septmeber 26 2015

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Takeyama, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, F. Tokanai, K. Morita "Detector calibration to spontaneous fission for the study ofsuperheavy elements using gas-filled recoil ion separator", International Symposium on Radiation Detectors and Their Uses (ISRD2016),
Tsukuba Japan December 19 2015

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
Superheavy Element Production Team$EVWUDFW

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- 384 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
Superheavy Element Device Development Team
1. Abstract

A gas-filled recoil ion separator has been used as a main experimental device for the study of superheavy elements. This team is incharge of maintain, improve, develop and operate the separators and related devices. There are two gas-filled recoil ion separators installed
at RILAC experimental hall. One is GARIS that is designed for symmetric reaction such as cold-fusion reaction, and the other is newly
developed GARIS-II that is designed for an asymmetric reaction such as hot-fusion reaction. New elements 278113 were produced by 70Zn +209Bi reaction using GARIS. Further the new element search Z > 118 are preparing by using GARIS-II.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Maintenance of GARIS and development of new gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II.
(2) Maintenance and development of detector and DAQ system for GARIS and GARIS-II.
(3) Maintenance and development of target system for GARIS and GARIS-II.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The GARIS-II is newly developed which has an acceptance twice as large as existing GARIS, in order to realize higher sensitivity. It
will be ready for operation in fiscal year 2014 after some commissioning works. We will also offer user-support if a researcher wishes to
use the devices for his/her own research program.
Members
Team Leader
Kouji MORIMOTO
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Daiya KAJI
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Akira YONEDA (concurrent: Superheavy Element Production
Team)
Junior Research Associate
Sayaka YAMAKI (Saitama Univ., Apr. 1, 2014 –)Part-time Worker
Sayaka YAMAKI (– Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientists
Fuyuki TOKANAI (Yamagata Univ.)
Student Trainee
Satoshi ISHIZAWA (Yamagata Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, H. Haba, E. Ideguchi, H. Koura, K. Morita "Decay Properties of New Isotopes 234Bk and 230Am, and Even–Even
Nuclides 234Cm and 230Pu", Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 85, 015002 (2016) *D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Double-layered target and identification method of individual target correlated with evaporation residues, Nuclear
Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A792 (2015) 11-14*(Review)[解説、和文]K. Morimoto 113 番新元素の合成 "Synthesis of 113th new element", 放射化学 The Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences,
Vol.33, pp. 10-16
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki,

K. Tanaka, K. Morita, H. Haba, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kikunaga, and- 385 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

M. Asai "GARIS-II: New Gas-filled Recoil Ion Separator at RIKEN"", 超アクチノイド元素の化学と物理国際会議 2015（TAN15）, Aizu
Fukushima Japan, May 29 2015"
S. Wakabayashi, K. Morita, K. Morimoto, D. Kaji, H. Haba, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, K.
Nishio, H. Koura, M. Asai, Y. Aritomo, A. Yoneda "Production of new isotopes, 215U and 216U close to N = 126", The 5th International
Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), Aizu Fukushima Japan, May 29 2015
K. Morimoto "Superheavy element research at RIKEN", The International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna
Russia, July 17 2015
K. Morimoto "Synthesis of superheavy elements at RIKEN", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES（PACIFICHEM 2015), Hawaii USA, December 19 2015
D. Kaji "Heavy element study using a new separator GARIS-II", The International Chemical Congress of PACIFIC BASIN SOCIETIES（PACIFICHEM 2015), Hawaii USA, December 19 2015
K. Morita, "SHE research at RIKEN/GARIS", The 9th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physcs Symposium(JCNP2015), Osaka University Japan,
Novermber 7-12 2015
K. Morita, "SHE research at RIKEN/GARIS", TAN15 Fukushima Japan, May 25-29 2015
K. Morita, "Research of superheavy element at RIKEN", LEAP2016, Kanazawa Japan, March 6-11 2016
[Domestic Conference]
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, M. Haba, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Takeyama, S. Yamamoto, K. Tanaka, M. Huang, Y. Komori, J. Kanaya, M. Murakami, K.
Katori, H. Hasebe, A. Yoneda, A. Yoshida, F. Tokanai, T. Yoshida, T. Yamaguchi, M. Asai, Z.Gan, L. Ma, H. Geissel, S. Hofmann, J.
Maurer, K. Fujita, Y. Narikiyo, T. Tanaka, S. Yamamoto, K. Morita "GARIS を用いたホットフュージョン反応 248Cm+48Ca→296Lv*に関する研究", 第 59 回放射化学討論会, Tohoku University Japan, September 26 2015
T. Tanaka, K. Morita, K. Morimoto, D. Kaji, H. Haba, Y. Wakabayashi, Y. Komori, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, H. Hasebe, M. Huang,J. Kanaya, M. Murakami, A. Yoneda, A. Yoshida, T. Yamaguchi, F. Tokanai, Y. Yoshida, Z.Gan, L. Ma, H. Geissel, S. Hofmann, Y. Maurer,
K. Fujita, Y. Narikiyo, S. Yamamoto, M. Asai, K. Katori "The reaction 48Ca+248Cm→296Lv* studied at the RIKEN-GARIS", JPS 2015
Autumn Meeting, Kansai University Japan, Septmeber 27 2015
T. Tanaka, Y. Narikiyo, K. Morita, K. Fujita, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, S. Yamaki, Y. Wakabayashi, K. Tanaka, M. Takeyama, A. Yoneyama, H.
Haba, Y. Komori, S. Yanou, B. J. P. Gall, Z. Asfari, H. Faure, H. Hasebe, M. Huang, J. Kanaya, M. Murakami, A. Yoshida, T. Yamaguchi, T.
Tokanai, T. Yoshida, Z. Gan, L. Ma, H. Geissel, S. Hofmann, Y. Maurer, S. Yamamoto, Y. Yamano, K. Watanabe, S. Ishizawa, M. Asai, R.
Aono, S. Goto, K. Katori "Study of barrier distribution in heavy reaction system at the RIKEN-GARIS", JPS 71th Annual Meeting (2016),
Tohoku Gakuin University Japan, March 21 2016
R. Aono, S. Goto, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, H. Haba, M. Murakami, K. Ooe, H. Kudo "Production of neutron-deficient rutherfordium isotopes in
the Pb-208 + Ti-48,50 reactions", 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, Tohoku Univercity Japan, Septmeber 26 2015
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Takeyama, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, F. Tokanai, K. Morita "Detector calibration to spontaneous fission for the study ofsuperheavy elements using gas-filled recoil ion separator", International Symposium on Radiation Detectors and Their Uses (ISRD2016),
Tsukuba Japan December 19 2015

- 386 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
Fast RI Data Team
1. Abstract

Fast RI team aims at obtaining and accumulating the cross section data for long lived fission products (LLFPs) in order to explore thepossibility of using accelerator for nuclear transmutation.
LLFPs as nuclear waste have been generated continuously in nuclear power plants for wealth for human lives, while people noticed theway of disposal has not necessarily been established, especially after the Fukushima Daiichi power plant disaster. One of the ways toreduce the amount of LLFP or to recover them as recycled resources is nuclear transmutation technique.
RIBF facility has a property to generate such LLFP as a secondary beam and the beam species are identified by event by event. Utilizing
the property, absolute values of the cross section of various reactions on LLFPs are measured and accumulated as database.

2. Major Research Subjects

1) Measurement of reaction products by the interaction of LLFPs with proton, deuteron, and photon to explore candidate reactions fortransmutation of LLFPs.
2) Evaluation of the cross section data for the neutron induced reactions from the obtained data.

3. Summary of Research Activity

1) Acting as collaboration hub on many groups which plan to take data using fast RI beam in RIBF facility.
2) Concentrating on take data for proton and deuteron induced spallation reactions with inverse kinematics.
3) Accumulating the cross section data and evaluating them as evaluated nuclear data.
4) Evaluating cross section of neutron induced reaction on LLFP by collaborating with the nuclear model calculation and evaluation group.

Members
Team Leader
Hideaki OTSU (Oct. 1, 2014–, concurrent: Team Leader,
SAMURAI Team)Technical Staff I
Nobuyuki CHIGA (Jan. 1, 2015–)
Part-time Worker
Meiko Kurokara UESAKA (Apr. 1, 2015 – Jul. 26, 2015)
Student Trainees
Shouhei ARAKI (Kyushu Univ.)
Tatsuya YAMAMOTO (Miyazaki Univ.)
Keita NAKANO (Kyushu Univ.)
Ayaka IKEDA (Niigata Univ.)
Kazuya CHIKAATO (Niigata Univ.)

Hiroki TAKAHASHI (Niigata Univ.)
Kenji NISHIZUKA (Niigata Univ.)
Junki SUWA (Kyushu Univ.)
Masamichi AMANO (Rikkyo Univ.)
Junki AMANO (Rikkyo Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers)
H. Wanga, , , H. Otsua, H. Sakuraia, D.S. Ahna, M. Aikawab, P. Doornenbala, N. Fukudaa, T. Isobea, S. Kawakamic, S. Koyamad, T. Kuboa, S.
Kubonoa, G. Lorussoa, Y. Maedac, A. Makinagae, S. Momiyamad, K. Nakanof, M. Niikurad, Y. Shigag, a, P.-A. Söderströma, H. Suzukia, H.
Takedaa, S. Takeuchia, R. Taniuchid, a, Ya. Watanabea, Yu. Watanabef, H. Yamasakid, K. Yoshidaa, “Spallation reaction study for fission
products in nuclear waste: Cross section measurements for 137Cs and 90Sr on proton and deuteron”, Phys. Lett. B 754 (2016), 104-108.
Oral Presentations[Domestic Conference]
川瀬頌一郎、陽子・重陽子に対する 100MeV/u 93Zr 入射核破砕反応による同位体生成断面積の測定、
日本物理学会秋季大会、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 28 日
武内聡、107,108Pd のクーロン分解反応による光吸収断面積の測定、日本物理学会秋季大会、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 28 日
四方瑞紀、93,94Zr のクーロン分解反応による光吸収断面積の測定、日本物理学会秋季大会、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 28 日
尾崎友志、飛行核分裂によって生成された 107Pd のアイソマー比の測定、日本物理学会秋季大会、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 28 日
川上駿介, 前田幸重, 王赫, 大津秀暁, 櫻井博義 他 22 名、"90Sr 近傍核種における荷電交換反応測定"、日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会、- 388 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 28 日
中野敬太、水素・重水素に対する 100MeV/u 93Zr 及び 93Nb 入射核破砕反応の残留核生成断面積測定、日本原子力学会九州支部研究発表会、
九州大学、2015 年 12 月 5 日
川上駿介, 前田幸重, 王赫, 大津秀暁, 櫻井博義 他 22 名、"90Sr 近傍の核分裂生成核種ビームによる荷電交換反応測定"、日本物理学会
2015 年九州支部例会、九州工業大学、2015 年 12 月 5 日
千賀信幸、相関陽子検出器の開発、平成 27 年度高エネルギー加速器研究機構技術研究会、KEK つくばキャンパス、平成 28 年 3 月 17 日
渡辺幸信、逆運動学手法を用いた陽子・重陽子による核破砕反応の残留核生成断面積測定 (1) 実験目的と概要、日本原子力学会春の大会、
東北大学、2016 年 3 月 27 日
川瀬頌一郎、逆運動学手法を用いた陽子・重陽子による核破砕反応の残留核生成断面積測定 (2) 100 MeV/u 93Zr⼊射反応、日本原子力学会
春の大会、東北大学、2016 年 3 月 27 日
中野敬太、逆運動学手法を用いた陽子・重陽子による核破砕反応の残留核生成断面積測定 (3) 100 MeV/u 93Nb 入射反応、日本原子力学会
春の大会、東北大学、2016 年 3 月 27 日
武内聡、クーロン分解反応による 107,108Pd および 93,94Zr の光吸収断面積、日本物理学会年次大会、東北学院大学、2016 年 3 月 19 日
尾崎友志、238U の飛行核分裂によって生成される 107Pd,79Se のアイソマー比、日本物理学会年次大会、東北学院大学、2016 年 3 月 20
日
Posters Presentations[Domestic Conference]
中野敬太、逆運動学的手法を用いた陽子･重陽子による核破砕反応の残留核生成断面積測定、日本原子力学会春の大会、東北大学、2016 年
3 月 27 日- 389 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
Slow RI Data Team$EVWUDFW    7KLVWHDPLVLQFKDUJHRIWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIORZHQHUJ\5,EHDPVRIORQJOLYHGILVVLRQIUDJPHQWV //)3 IURPWKH 8E\PHDQVRIGHJUDGLQJWKHHQHUJ\RIEHDPVSURGXFHGE\WKH%LJ5,36IUDJPHQWVHSDUDWRU 0DMRU5HVHDUFK6XEMHFWV    6WXGLHVRIWKHHQHUJ\GHJUDGDWLRQDQGSXULILFDWLRQRI5,EHDPVDUHWKHPDLQVXEMHFWVRIWKHWHDP'HYHORSPHQWVRIGHYLFHVXVHGIRU
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7HDP/HDGHU.RLFKL<26+,'$ FRQFXUUHQW%LJ5,367HDP- 390 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Transmutation Data Research Group
Muon Data Team
1. Abstract

Dr. Yoshio Nishina observed muons in cosmic rays in 1937. The muon is an elementary particle belonging to electron group, and is 207
times as heavy as electron. The muon has positive or negative electric charge, and the lifetime is 2.2 μsec. The negative muon is caught bya nucleus (atomic number: Z) in materials to form a muonic atom, and is then captured by the nucleus. The negative muon is combinedwith a proton to form a neutron and a neutrino to create an excited state of the nucleus with the atomic number of Z-1, followed byemissions of neutrons and gamma rays. The muon nuclear capture reaction produces the isotopes of the (Z-1) nucleus. However, thereaction mechanism is not yet well clarified. The research team aims at obtaining the experimental data to understand the mechanism ofmuon nuclear capture reactions as well as at establishing the reaction theory.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Experimental clarification on reaction mechanism of nuclear muon-capture(2) Establishment of reaction theory on nuclear muon-capture(3) Interdisciplinary applications of nuclear muon-capture reactions

3. Summary of Research Activity
Clarification of muon nuclear capture reaction and the application
Members
Team Leader
Teiichiro MATSUZAKI- 391 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group
1. Abstract

The R&D group, consisting of two teams, develops elemental technology of high-power accelerators and high-power targets, aiming at
future applications to nuclear transmutations of long-lived fission product into short-lived nuclides. The research subjects aresuperconducting rf cavities for low-velocity ions, design of high-power accelerators, high-power target systems and related technologies.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) R&D of elemental technology of high-power accelerators and high-power targets

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Based on the discussion with other research groups, R&D study of various accelerator components and elements is under progress.

Members
Group Director
Osamu KAMIGAITO (concurrent: Chief Scientist, Group Director,
Accelerator Gr.)- 392 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group
High-Gradient Cavity R&D Team
Abstract

We develop new components for accelerators dedicated for low-beta-ions with very high intensity. Specifically, we are designing andconstructing a cryomodule for superconducting linac efficient for acceleration of low-beta-ions. In parallel, we try to optimize an rf
acceleration system by making computer simulations for acceleration of very high intensity beams.

Major Research Subjects-Development of high-gradient cavites for low beta ions
-Development of power saving cryomodules

Summary of Research Activity

Development of highly efficient superconducting accelerator modules

Members
Team Leader
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO (concurrent: Cyclotron Team)
Research & Technical Scientists
Kazunari YAMADA (concurrent: Senior Technical Scientist,
Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team)
Kazutaka OHZEKI (concurrent: Technical Scientist, Cyclotron
Team)

Yutaka WATANABE (concurrent: Senior Technical Scientist,
RILAC team)

Nishina Center Research Scientist
Kenji SUDA (concurrent: Cyclotron Team)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Proceedings]
Naruhiko Sakamoto et al., Design Studies for Quarter-Wave Resonators and Cryomodules for the RIKEN SC-LINAC, Proceedings of the 17th
International Conference on RF Superconductivity, Whistler, September 16 2015.
Kazutaka Ozeki et al., Design of Input Coupler for RIKEN Superconducting Quarter-Wave Resonator, Proceedings of the 17th International
Conference on RF Superconductivity, Whistler, September 16 2015.
Kazutaka Ozeki et al., Heat flow estimation of the cryomodule for superconducting quarter-wavelength resonator, Proceedings of the 12th
Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Suruga, 6 August 2015.
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Naruhiko Sakamoto et al., Design Studies for Quarter-Wave Resonators and Cryomodules for the RIKEN SC-LINAC, 17th International
Conference on RF Superconductivity, Whistler, September 16 2015.
Kazutaka Ozeki et al., Design of Input Coupler for RIKEN Superconducting Quarter-Wave Resonator , TESLA Technology Collaboration
Meeting, Menlo Park, USA, December 2, 2015.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Kazutaka Ozeki et al., Design of Input Coupler for RIKEN Superconducting Quarter-Wave Resonator, 17th International Conference on RF
Superconductivity, Whistler, September 16 2015.
[Domestic Conference]
Kazutaka Ozeki et al., Heat flow estimation of the cryomodule for superconducting quarter-wavelength resonator, 12th Annual Meeting ofParticle Accelerator Society of Japan, Suruga, 6 August 2015.

- 393 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
High-Intensity Accelerator R&D Group
High-Power Target R&D Team$EVWUDFW

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- 394 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
1. Abstract

The accelerator group, consisting of seven teams, pursues various upgrade programs of the world-leading heavy-ion accelerator
facility, RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), to enhance the accelerator performance and operation efficiency. The programs include the R&D of
superconducting ECR ion source, charge stripping systems, beam diagnostic devices, radiofrequency systems, control systems, and beamsimulation studies. We are also maintaining the large infrastructure to realize effective operation of the RIBF, and are actively promoting
the applications of the facility to a variety of research fields.
Our primary mission is to supply intense, stable heavy-ion beams for the users through effective operation, maintenance, and upgradeof the RIBF accelerators and related infrastructure. The director members shown below govern the development programs that are not dealt
with by a single group, such as intensity upgrade and effective operation. We also promote the future plans of the RIBF accelerators alongwith other laboratories belonging to the RIBF research division.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Intensity upgrade of RIBF accelerators (Okuno)(2) Effective and stable operation of RIBF accelerators (Fukunishi)(3) Operation and maintenance of infrastructures for RIBF (Kase)(4) Promotion of the future plan (Kamigaito, Fukunishi, Okuno)

3. Summary of Activity(1) The maximum intensity of the calcium beam reached 689 pnA at 345 MeV/u, which corresponds to 10.4 kW. That of the krypton beamreached 486 pnA, corresponding to 13.4 kW.
(2) The maximum intensities of the uranium and xenon beams reached 49 and 102 pnA, respectively, at 345 MeV/u.
(3) The overall beam availability for the RIBF experiments in 2015 reached 92 %. It has been kept above 90 % since 2014.
(4) The large infrastructure was properly maintained based on a well-organized cooperation among the related sections.
(5) An intensity-upgrade plan of the RIBF has been further investigated, mainly on the design of a new superconducting linac.

Members
Group Director
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Deputy Group Directors
Hiroki OKUNO (Intensity upgrade)
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (Stable and efficient operation)
Masayuki KASE (Energy-efficiency management)
Research Consultant
Tadashi FUJINAWA
International Program Associate
Vasileios TZOGANIS (Univ. of Liverpool, – Jan. 15, 2016)
Visiting Researchers
Akira GOTO (Yamagata Univ.)
Toshiyuki HATTORI (TIT)
Kensei UMEMORI (KEK)

Hirotaka NAKAI (KEK)
Eiji KAKO (KEK)

Assistant
Karen SAKUMA- 395 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Accelerator R&D Team
1. Abstract

We are developing the key hardware in upgrading the RIBF accelerator complex. Our primary focus and research is charge stripper
which plays an essential role in the RIBF accelerator complex. Charge strippers remove many electrons in ions and realize efficient
acceleration of heavy ions by greatly enhancing charge state. The intensity of uranium beams is limited by the lifetime of the carbon foil
stripper conventionally installed in the acceleration chain. The improvement of stripper lifetimes is essential to increase beam power
towards the final goal of RIBF in the future. We are developing the low-Z gas stripper. In general gas stripper is free from the lifetime
related problems but gives low equilibrium charge state because of the lack of density effect. Low-Z gas stripper, however, can give as highequilibrium charge state as that in carbon foil because of the suppression of the electron capture process. Another our focus is the upgradeof the world's first superconducting ring cyclotron.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Development of charge strippers for high power beams (foil, low-Z gas)
(2) Upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron(3) Maintenance and R&D of the electrostatic deflection/inflection channels for the beam extraction/injection

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Development of charge strippers for high power beams (foil, low-Z gas)
(Hasebe, H., Imao, H. Okuno., H.)
We are developing the charge strippers for high intensity heavy ion beams. We are focusing on the developments on carbon or
berrilium foils and gas strippers including He gas stripper.
(2) Upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron(Ohnishi, J., Okuno, H.)
We are focusing on the upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron.
(3) Maintenance and R&D of the electrostatic deflection/inflection channels for the beam extraction/injection(Ohnishi, J., Okuno, H.)
We are developing high-performance electrostatic channels for high power beam injection and extraction.

Members
Team Leader
Hiroki OKUNO (concurrent: Deputy Group Director, Accelerator
Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientists
Hiroshi IMAO (Senior Research Scientist)

Jun-ichi OHNISHI (Senior Technical Scientist)

Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Hiroo HASEBE
Visiting Scientists
Andreas ADELMANN (PSI)
Hironori KUBOKI (KEK)

Noriyosu HAYASHIZAKI (TIT.)

Student Trainee
Naoya IKOMA (Nagaoka Univ. of Technology)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
H. Hasebe, H. Okuno, H. Kuboki, H. Imao, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, “Development of rotating beryllium disk stripper”, Journalof .Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 305, 825 (2015).
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
H. Hasebe, H. Okuno, H. Kuboki, H. Imao, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, “History of Solid Disk Improvement for Rotating Charge
Stripper”, Proceeding of HIAT2015, Yokohama, Japan (2015) MOA1C01.

- 396 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
H. Hasebe, H. Okuno, H. Kuboki, H. Imao, N. Fukunishi, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito,
Stripper”, HIAT2015, Yokohama, Japan (2015) MOA1C01.

“History of Solid Disk Improvement for Rotating Charge

Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
H. Imao, H. Kuboki, H. Hasebe, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, H. Okuno, “Operation of Gas Strippers at RIBF ; Thining Effect of High-Intensity Very
Heavy Ion Beams“ , HIAT2015, Yokohama, Japan (2015) MOPA32.

- 397 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupIon Source Team
1. Abstract

Our aim is to operate and develop the ECR ion sources for the accelerator-complex system of the RI Beam Factory. We focus on
further upgrading the performance of the RI Beam Factory through the design and fabrication of a superconducting ECR ion source for
production of high-intensity uranium ions.

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

Operation and development of the ECR ion sources
Development of a superconducting ECR heavy-ion source for production of high-intensity uranium ion beams

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Operation and development of ECR ion sources(T. Nakagawa, M. Kidera, Y. Higurashi, T. Nagatomo, and H. Haba)
We routinely produce and supply various kinds of heavy ions such as zinc and calcium ions for the super-heavy element searchexperiment as well as uranium ions for RIBF experiments. We also perform R&D’s to meet the requirements for stable supply ofhigh-intensity heavy ion beams.
(2) Development of a superconducting ECR ion source for use in production of a high-intensity uranium ion beam
(T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, M. Kidera, Y. Higurashi, and T. Nagatomo)
The RIBF is required to supply uranium ion beams with very high intensity so as to produce RI’s. We have designed and are
fabricating an ECR ion source with high magnetic field and high microwave- frequency, since the existing ECR ion sources have theirlimits in beam intensity. The coils of this ion source are designed to be superconducting for the production of high magnetic field. We arealso designing the low-energy beam transport line of the superconducting ECR ion source.

Members
Team Leader
Takahide NAKAGAWA
Research & Technical Scientist
Takashi NAGATOMO (Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Research Scientists
Masanori KIDERA, Yoshihide HIGURASHI
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Tatsuya URABE (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Research Consultant
Tadashi KAGEYAMA (Apr. 1, 2014 – Mar. 31, 2015)
Part-time Worker
Yumi KURAMITSU (–Jun. 30, 2015)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
K. Ozeki, Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera and T. Nakagawa, ‘Effect of hot liner in producing 40,48Ca beam from RIKEN 18-GHz electron cyclotron
resonance ion source’, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86(2015)016114*[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
A.Uchiyama, K. Ozeki, Y. Higurashi, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, and T. Nakagawa, ‘Control system renewal for efficient operation in RIKEN 18
GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source’, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87(2016)02A722*
J. Ohnishi, Y. Higurashi, T. Nakagawa, ‘Progress in high-temperature oven development for 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source’,
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87(2016)02A709*- 398 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
T. Nakagawa, ‘Recent developments of RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS’, 21st Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, August 24-28, 2014, Nizhny
Novgorod, Russia
Y. Higurashi, ‘Emittance measurement for RIKEN 28 GHz SC-ECRIS’, 21st Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, August 24-28, 2014, Nizhny
Novgorod, Russia
T. Nakagawa, ‘Further improvement of RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS for production of intense U beam’, ICIS2015, Aug. 23-28, 2015, New York,USA
Y. Higurashi, ‘Emittance measurement for RIKEN 28GHz SC-ECRIS’ ICIS2015, Aug. 23-28, 2015, New York, USA[Domestic Conference]
T. Nakagawa, ‘Development of ECR ion sources for production of the intense beam of highly charged heavy ions’, 12th Annual Meeting of
PASJ, Aug. 5-8, 2015, Tsuruga,
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
T. Nagatomo, ‘Development of an in-situ emittance meter installed in LEBT following 18-GHz Superconducting ECR Ion Source’, 21st Int.
Workshop on ECR ion sources, August 24-28, 2014, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia[Domestic Conference]
K. Ozeki, ‘Installation of new 18-GHz ECR ion source for the RIKEN RILAC’, 11th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Aug. 9-11, 2014, Aomori,T. Nagatomo, ‘Development of the on-line beam monitor based on the pepper-pot method for high-brightness low-energy multi-charged ion
beams extracted from ECR ion source’, 12th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Aug. 5-8, 2015, Tsuruga,- 399 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupRILAC Team
1. Abstract

The operation and maintenance of the RIKEN Heavy-ion Linac (RILAC) have been carried out. There are two operation modes: one is
the stand-alone mode operation and the other is the injection mode operation. The RILAC has been used especially as an injector for the
RIKEN RI- Beam Factory accelerator complex. The RILAC is composed of the ECR ion source, the frequency-variable RFQ linac, six
frequency-variable main linac cavities, and six energy booster cavities (CSM).

2. Major Research Subjects(1) The long term high stability of the RILAC operation.
(2) Improvement of high efficiency of the RILAC operation.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The RILAC was started to supply ion beams for experiments in 1981. Thousands hours are spent in a year for delivering many kindsof heavy-ion beams to various experiments.
The RILAC has two operation modes: one is the stand-alone mode operation delivering low-energy beams directly to experiments andthe other is the injection mode operation injecting beams into the RRC. In the first mode, the RILAC supplies a very important beam to the
nuclear physics experiment of “the research of super heavy elements”. In the second mode, the RILAC plays a very important role as
upstream end of the RIBF accelerator complex.
The maintenance of these devices is extremely important in order to keep the log-term high stability and high efficiency of the RILAC
beams. Therefore, improvements are always carried out for the purpose of more stable and more efficient operation.

Members
Team Leader
Eiji IKEZAWA
Research & Technical Scientist
Yutaka WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Research Consultants
Masatake HEMMI

Toshiya CHIBA- 400 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Cyclotron Team
1. Abstract

Together with other teams of Nishina Center accelerator division, maintaining and improving the RIBF cyclotron complex. The
accelerator provides high intensity heavy ions. Our mission is to have stable operation of cyclotrons for high power beam operation.
Recently stabilization of the rf system is a key issue to provide 10 kW heavy ion beam.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) RF technology for Cyclotrons(2) Operation of RIBF cyclotron complex(3) Maintenance and improvement of RIBF cyclotrons(4) Single turn operation for polarized deuteron beams(5) Development of superconducting cavity

3. Summary of Research Activity

・Development of the rf system for a reliable operation
・Development of highly stabilized low level rf system
・Development of superconducting rebuncher cavity
・Development of the intermediate-energy polarized deuteron beams.

Members
Team Leader
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO
Research & Technical Scientist
Kazutaka OHZEKI (Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Kenji SUDA

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
R. Koyama, N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, A. Goto, M. Hemmi, M. Kase, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, O. Kamigaito, “Online
monitoring of beam phase and intensity using lock-in amplifiers”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A729(2013)p788-799.
K. Suda, N. Sakamoto, K. Yamada, S. Arai, Y. Chiba, M. Kase, H. Okuno, Y. Watanabe, O. Kamigaito, “Design and construction of drift tube
linac cavities for RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods A722(2013)p55-64.
K. Sekiguchi, H. Okamura, N. Sakamoto, H. Suzuki, M. Dozono, Y. Maeda, T. Saito, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakai, M. Sasano, Y. Shimizu, T.
Wakasa, K. Yako, H. Witala, W. Glockle, J. Golak, H. Kamada, and A. Nogga, “Three Nucleon Force Effects in Intermediate Energy
Deuteron Analyzing Powers for dp Elastic Scattering”, Physical Review C 83, 061001(R) (2011).
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
N. Sakamoto, O. Kamigaito, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, K. Suda, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Hara, K.Okihira, K. Sennyu, T. Yanagisawa, E. Kako,
H. Nakai, K. Umemori, “Design Studies for Quarter-Wave Resonators and Cryomodules for the RIKEN SC-LINAC”, Proceedings of the 17th
International Conference on RF Superconductivity, Whistler(2015)p976, WEBA06.
K. Suda, M. Nishida, S. Fukuzawa, M. Hamanaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, T. Nakamura, M. Nishimura, J. Shibata, N.
Tsukiori, K. Yadomi, Y. Kotaka, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M.
Kase, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H.
Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa, “Status Report of the
Operation of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotrons”, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology,
Yokohama(2015)p65, MOPA12.
K. Ozeki, T. Nakamura, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, M. Hamanaka, S.
Fukuzawa, K. Yadomi, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, H. Okuno, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, N. Sakamoto,
T. Nakagawa, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, N. Fukunishi, M. Fujimaki, T. Maie, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Yamaka, Y.
Ohshiro, and Y. Kotaka, “Status Report of the Operation of RIKEN AVF Cyclotron”, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Yokohama(2015)p191, WEPB01.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

M. Nishida, S. Fukuzawa, M. Hamanaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, T. Nakamura, M. Nishimura, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, K.
Yadomi, Y. Kotaka, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, T.
Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno,
K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa, “Status Report of the
Operation of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotrons”, Proceedings of the 12th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan,
Suruga(2015)p276, FSP003.
K. Suda, E. Ikezawa, O. Kamigaito, N. Sakamoto, K. Yamada, Y. Touchi, “Construction of the New Amplifieres for the RIKEN-LINAC”,
Proceedings of the 27th International Linear Accelerator Conference, Geneva(2014)p339, MOPP122.
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, Y. Higurashi, O. Kamigaito, H. Okuno, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, R. Koyama,“Performance of New Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 27th International Linear Accelerator Conference,
Geneva(2014)p1123, THPP116.
T. Nakamura, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, M. Hamanaka, S. Fukuzawa, K.
Yadomi, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, K. Ozeki, H. Okuno, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, N. Sakamoto, T.
Nakagawa, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, N. Fukunishi, M. Fujimaki, T. Maie, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Yamaka, Y. Ohshiro,
and Y. Kotaka, “Status Report of the Operation of RIKEN AVF Cyclotron”, Proceedings of the 12th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator
Society of Japan, Suruga(2015)p305, FSP011.
L. Lu, O. Kamigaito, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, and K. Yamada, “Design of a Triple-Spoke Cavity as a Rebuncher for RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”,
Proc the 16th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, Paris (2013).
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, O. Kamigaito, H. Okuno, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, and K. Yamada, “Commissioning of a
New Injector for the RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”, the XXVI Linear Accelerator Conference, Tel-Aviv(2012)p125-129.
N. Sakamoto, T. Dantsuka, T. Fujinawa, N. Fukunishik H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, K. Ikegami, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito,
M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, H. Okuno, J. Ohnishi, K.
Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, L. Lu, H. Yamasawa, K. Ozeki, “High intensity heavy-ion-beam operation of
RIKEN RIBF”, Proc. the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society Japan, Toyonaka (2012)p7-11.
K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, and K. Yamada,“Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF”, Proc. the 19th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Lanzhou, China(2010).
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K.Suda, K. Yamada, and S. Yokouchi, “Operating Experience with
the RF System for Superconducting Ring Cyclotron of RIBF”, Proc. the 19th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications,
Lanzhou, China (2010)p338-340.
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Suda, K. Yamada, and S. Yokouchi, “RF system for Heavy Ion Cyclotrons at
RIKEN RIBF”, Proc. the 11th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Venezia, Italy (2009)p69-73.
N. Sakamoto, O. Kamigaito, S. Kohara, H. Okuno, M. Kase, A. Goto, and Y. Yano, “RF system for the RIBF Superconducting Ring Cyclotron”,
Proc. the 18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Giardini-Naxos, Italy (2007), p455-457.
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
N. Sakamoto, O. Kamigaito, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, K. Suda, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Hara, K.Okihira, K. Sennyu, T. Yanagisawa, E. Kako,
H. Nakai, K. Umemori, “Design Studies for Quarter-Wave Resonators and Cryomodules for the RIKEN SC-LINAC”, Proceedings of the 17th
International Conference on RF Superconductivity, Whistler(2015)p976, WEBA06.
N. Sakamoto, “Present Performance of the RF Systems fo the RIBF Accelerator Complex and their Upgrade plans”, Workshop on Science
with Rare Ion Beams (SCRIBE-2014), Kolkata(2014).
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, O. Kamigaito, H. Okuno, K. Suda, T. Watanabe, and K. Yamada, “Commissioning of a
New Injector for the RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”, the XXVI Linear Accelerator Conference, Tel-Aviv(2012)p125-129.
K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, and K. Yamada,“Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF”, Proc. the 19th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Lanzhou, China(2010).
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K.Suda, K. Yamada, and S. Yokouchi, “Operating Experience with
the RF System for Superconducting Ring Cyclotron of RIBF”, Proc. the 19th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications,
Lanzhou, China (2010)p338-340.
N. Sakamoto, M. Fujimaki, A. Goto, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Suda, K. Yamada, and S. Yokouchi, “RF system for Heavy Ion Cyclotrons at
RIKEN RIBF”, Proc. the 11th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Venezia, Italy (2009)p69-73.
[Domestic Conference]
N. Sakamoto, T. Dantsuka, T. Fujinawa, N. Fukunishik H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, K. Ikegami, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito,
M. Kase, M. Kidera, M. Komiyama, H. Kuboki, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, H. Okuno, J. Ohnishi, K.
Suda, H. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, K. Yamada, L. Lu, H. Yamasawa, K. Ozeki, “High intensity heavy-ion-beam operation of
RIKEN RIBF”, Proc. the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society Japan, Toyonaka (2012)p7-11.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
K. Suda, M. Nishida, S. Fukuzawa, M. Hamanaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, T. Nakamura, M. Nishimura, J. Shibata, N.
Tsukiori, K. Yadomi, Y. Kotaka, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M.
Kase, T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H.
Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa, “Status Report of the
Operation of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotrons”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Yokohama(2015)p65,
MOPA12.
K. Ozeki, T. Nakamura, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, M. Hamanaka, S.
Fukuzawa, K. Yadomi, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, H. Okuno, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, N. Sakamoto,- 402 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

T. Nakagawa, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, N. Fukunishi, M. Fujimaki, T. Maie, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Yamaka, Y.
Ohshiro, and Y. Kotaka, “Status Report of the Operation of RIKEN AVF Cyclotron”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator
Technology, Yokohama(2015)p191, WEPB01.
L. Lu, O. Kamigaito, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, and K. Yamada, “Design of a Triple-Spoke Cavity as a Rebuncher for RIKEN RI-Beam Factory”,
Proc the 16th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, Paris (2013).
K. Suda, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, H. Hemmi, O. Kamigaito, M. Kase, R. Koyama, K. Kumagai, N. Sakamoto, T. Watanabe, and K. Yamada,“Stable Operation of RF Systems for RIBF”, 19th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Lanzhou, China (2010).
N. Sakamoto, O. Kamigaito, S. Kohara, H. Okuno, M. Kase, A. Goto, and Y. Yano, “RF system for the RIBF Superconducting Ring Cyclotron”,
18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Giardini-Naxos, Italy (2007), p455-457.
[Domestic Conference]
M. Nishida, S. Fukuzawa, M. Hamanaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, T. Nakamura, M. Nishimura, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, K.
Yadomi, Y. Kotaka, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase, T.
Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidera, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J. Ohnishi, H. Okuno,
K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Yamada, H. Yamasawa, “Status Report of the
Operation of the RIKEN Ring Cyclotrons”, 12th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Suruga(2015)p276, FSP003.
T. Nakamura, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, M. Hamanaka, S. Fukuzawa, K.
Yadomi, K. Suda, A. Uchiyama, K. Ozeki, H. Okuno, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, N. Sakamoto, T.
Nakagawa, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, N. Fukunishi, M. Fujimaki, T. Maie, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Yamaka, Y. Ohshiro,
and Y. Kotaka, “Status Report of the Operation of RIKEN AVF Cyclotron”, 12th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan,
Suruga(2015)p305, FSP011.
S. Fukuzawa, M. Hamanaka, S. Ishikawa, Y. Kotaka, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, T. Nakamura, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, J. Shibata, N.
Tsukiori, K. Yadomi, K. Suda, T. Dantsuka, M. Fujimaki, N. Fukunishi, T. Fujinawa, H. Hasebe, Y. Higurashi, E. Ikezawa, H. Imao, M. Kase,
T. Kageyama, O. Kamigaito, M. Kidara, K. Kumagai, H. Kuboki, M. Komiyama, T. Maie, M. Nagase, T. Nakagawa, M. Nakamura, J.
Ohnishi, H. Okuno, K. Ozeki, N. Sakamoto, A. Uchiyama, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Yamasawa,“Status Report of the Operation of the RIBF Ring Cyclotrons”, 11th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan,
Aomori(2014)p401, FSP024.
Y. Kotaka, S. Ishikawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Koyama, J. Shibata, N. Tsukiori, T. Nakamura, M. Nishida, M. Nishimura, M. Hamanaka, S.
Fukuzawa, K. Yadomi, N. Sakamoto, A. Uchiyama, H. Okuno, T. Kageyama, M. Kase, O. Kamigaito, K. Kumagai, M. Komiyama, K. Suda,
T. Nakagawa, M. Nagase, T. Nagatomo, N. Fukunishi, M. Fujimaki, T. Maie, K. Yamada, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, S. Yamaga, and Y.
Oshiro, “Status Report of the Operation of the RIKEN AVF Cyclotron”, 11th annual meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan,
Aomori(2015)p364, FSP015.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupBeam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team
1. Abstract

The cascaded cyclotron system at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) requires not only strict matching of operation parameters but alsohigh stability of all the accelerator components in order to establish stable operation of the world’s most intense heavy-ion beams. Beam
Dynamics and Diagnostics Team is responsible for power supplies, beam instrumentation, computer control and beam dynamic of the RIBF
accelerator complex and strongly contributes to the performance upgrade of the RIBF.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Extracting the best performance of the RIBF accelerator complex based on the precise beam dynamics study.
(2) Maintenance and developments of the beam instrumentation, especially non-destructive monitors.
(3) Upgrade of the computer control system of the RIBF accelerator complex.
(4) Maintenance and improvements of the magnets and power supplies.
(5) Upgrade of the existing beam interlock system for higher intensity beams.

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) High-intensity heavy-ion beams including 49-pnA uranium, 102-pnA xenon, 486-pnA krypton, and 689-pnA calcium beams have beenobtained.
(2) The world-first high-Tc SQUID beam current monitor has been developed.
(3) The bending power of the fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron has been upgraded to 700 MeV. It enables us to accelerate 238U64+ ionsobtained by the helium gas stripper.
(4) An EPICS-based control system and a homemade beam interlock system have been stably operated. Replacements of the existing
legacy control system used in the old half of our facility is ongoing. Construction of the new control system for the new injector
RILAC2 was successfully completed, where the embedded EPICS system running on F3RP61-2L CPU module, developed by KEK and
RIKEN control group, was used.
(5) We replaced some dated power supplies of RIKEN Ring Cyclotron by new ones, which have better long-term stability than the old ones.
The other existing power supplies (~900) are stably operated owing to elaborate maintenance work.
(6) We have contributed to RILAC2 construction, especially in its beam diagnosis, control system, magnet power supplies, vacuum system,high-energy beam transport system etc.

Members
Team Leader
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (concurrent; Deputy Group Director,
Accelerator Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientists
Masaki FUJIMAKI (Senior Technical Scientist)
Keiko KUMAGAI (Senior Technical Scientist)

Tamaki WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Kazunari YAMADA (Senior Technical Scientist)

Nishina Center Technical Scientists
Misaki KOMIYAMA

Akito UCHIYAMA

Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Takuya MAEYAMA
Part-time Workers
Yuki SHIRAISHI

Makoto NAGASE

Visiting Scientists
Kenichi ISHIKAWA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Shin-ichiro Hayashi (Hiroshima Int’l Univ.)

Hiromichi RYUTO (Kyoto Univ.)

Visiting Technician
Jun-ichi ODAGIRI (KEK)- 404 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R., and Fukuda S., “Radiologicalcharacteristics of MRI-based VIP polymer gel under carbon beam irradiation”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 107, pp. 7–11
(2015)*.
Furuta T., Maeyama T., Ishikawa K. L., Fukunishi N., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R., Hayashi S., “Comparison
between Monte Carlo Simulation and Measurement with a 3D Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Dose Distributions in Biological
Samples”, Physics in Medicine and Biology Vol. 60, No. 16, pp. 6531-6546 (2015)*.
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K. L., Fukasaku K., Fukuda S., “Radiological Properties of the Nanocomposite Fricke Gel Dosimeter for Heavy
Ion Beams”, 15th International Congress of Radiation Research (ICRR2015), Kyoto, Japan, May 2015.
Fukunishi N., “Review of Heavy-ion Cyclotrons”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT2015),
Yokohama, Japan, September 2015, M0A1I01 (2015).
Watanabe T., Fukunishi N., Kase M., Inamori S., Kon K., “HTC-Squid Beam Current Monitor at the RIBF”, International Beam
Instrumentation Conference 2015 (IBIC2015), Melbourne, Australia, September 2015, WECLA03 (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
前山拓哉、福西暢尚、石川顕一、深作和明、福田茂一、「化学線量計による重粒子線線量分布測定」、先端放射線化学シンポジウム(日本放射線化学会)、東京、日本、2015 年 3 月
前山拓哉、福西暢尚、石川顕一、深作和明、福田茂一、「有機ゲル化剤を含まないナノコンポジットフリッケゲル線量計」、先端放射線化
学シンポジウム(日本放射線化学会)、浜松 静岡 日本、2015 年 10 月
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Fukunishi N., Fujimaki M., Komiyama M., Kumagai K., Maie T., Watanabe Y., Hirano T., and Abe T., “New High-Energy Beam Transport
Line Dedicated to Biological Applications in RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator
Technology (HIAT2015), Yokohama, Japan, September 2015, MOPA04 (2015).
Komiyama M., Fujimaki M., Fukunishi N., Kumagai K., Uchiyama A., Nakamura T., “Recent Updates on the RIKEN RI Beam Factory
Control System”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT2015), Yokohama, Japan, September 2015,
MOPA27 (2015).
Uchiyama A., Komiyama M., Fukunishi N., “EPICS PV Management and Method for RIBF Control System”, International Conferenceon Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control System 2015 (ICALEPCS2015), Melbourne, Australia, October 2015,
WEPGF032 (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
Watanabe T., Fujimaki M., Fukunishi N., “Development of Beam Energy Measurement System by Using Electrostatic Pickups at the RIBF”,
12th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, August 2015, Tsuruga, Japan, pp. 1198-1201 (2015).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Cryogenic Technology Team
1. Abstract

We are operating the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF. We are operating the helium cryogenic systemin the south area of RIKEN Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in RIKEN. We are trying to collect efficiently gas
helium after usage of liquid helium.

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

Operation of the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF
Operation of the helium cryogenic plant in the south area of Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in Wako campus.

3. Summary of Research Activity
(1)

(2)

Operation of the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF
(Okuno, H., Dantsuka, T., Nakamura, M., Maie, T.)
Operation of the helium cryogenic plant in the south area of Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in Wako campus.
(Dantsuka, T., Tsuruma, S., Okuno, H.).

Members
Team Leader
Hiroki OKUNO (concurrent: Deputy Group Director, Accelerator
Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientist
Masato NAKAMURA (Senior Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Takeshi MAIE
Technical Staff I
Tomoyuki DANTSUKA
Research Consultant
Kumio IKEGAMI (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Part-time Worker
Shizuho TSURUMA- 406 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentation Development Group
1. Abstract

This group develops core experimental installations at the RI Beam factory. Experimental installations currently under testing include
common elements enabling multiple-use (SLOWRI), as well as others that are highly program specific (SCRIT and Rare-RI Ring). All
were designed to maximize the research potential of the world's most intense RI beams, made possible by the exclusive equipment
available at the RI Beam Factory. Beam manipulation techniques, such as a beam accumulation and a beam cooling, will be able to provide
opportunities of new experimental challenges and the foundation for future developments of RIBF.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) SCRIT Project(2) SLOWRI Project(3) Rear RI Ring Project

3. Summary of Research Activity

We are developing beam manipulation technology in carrying out above listed project. They are the high-quality slow RI beam
production (SCRIT and SLOWRI), the beam cooling and stopping (SCRIT and SLOWRI), and the beam accumulation technology (Rare RIRing). The technological knowhow accumulated in our projects will play a significant role in the next generation RIBF. Status and future
plan for each project is described in subsections. SCRIT is now under test experimental phase in which the angular distribution of scatteredelectrons from 132Xe isotopes has been successfully measured and the nuclear charge density distribution has been obtained. Electron
scattering off unstable nuclei is now under preparation for the first experiment in 2016. Rare RI Ring construction has been commissioned
in two-times machine-study experiments, and we have demonstrated that the ring has an ability for precision mass measurement with theaccuracy of the order of 10 ppm. We will be able to try to measure masses of nuclei around 78Ni region and continuously make
improvement in the accuracy in 2016. Construction of the SLOWRI system has been completed in 2014. PALIS device was commissioned
in 2015, and basic functions such as the RI-beam stopping in Ar gas cell and the extraction with the gas flow were confirmed. Other devices
are now under setting up for the first commissioning.

Members
Group Director
Masanori WAKASUGIVisiting Scientist
Akira OZAWA (Univ. of Tsukuba)Student Trainees
Kohei YAMADA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Kousuke ADACHI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Takahiro FUJITA (Rikkyo Univ.)

Mitsuki HORI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Nobuaki UCHIDA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Shin-nosuke SASAMURA (Rikkyo Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications and presentations for each project team are listed in subsections.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentation Development GroupSLOWRI Team
1. Abstract

Construction of a next-generation stopped and low-energy radioactive ion beam facility (SLOWRI) which will provide low-energy,
high-purity and small emittance ion beams of all elements has been started in FY2013 as one of the principal facilities at the RIKEN
RI-beam factory (RIBF). High-energy radioactive ion beams from the projectile fragment separator BigRIPS are thermalized in a large He
gas catcher cell (RFC cell) or in a small Ar gas catcher cell (PALIS cell). In the RFC cell, thermalized ions in buffer gas are guided andextracted to a vacuum environment by a combination of dc electric fields and inhomogeneous rf fields (rf carpet ion guide). The PALIS cell
will be placed in the vicinity of the second focal plane slits of BigRIPS and can be used continuously during other experiments. From thesegas cells, the low-energy ion beams will be delivered via mass separators and switchyards to various devices: such as an ion trap, acollinear fast beam apparatus, and a multi-reflection time of flight mass spectrograph. In the R&D works at the present ring cyclotron
facility, an extraction efficiency of 33% for a 100A MeV 8Li ion beam from the projectile fragment separator RIPS was achieved and thedependence of the efficiency on the ion beam intensity was investigated.
First spectroscopy experiment at the prototype SLOWI was performed on Be isotopes. Energetic ions of 7,10,11Be from the RIPS weretrapped and laser cooled in a linear rf trap and precision spectroscopy was performed. The evaluated ion temperature of <10 mK
demonstrates that a reduction of more than 15 orders of magnitude for the kinetic energy of radioactive Be was achieved online. The
ground state hyperfine constants of all Be isotopes have been measured precisely by laser and microwave. These precision measurements
will be used to confirm the anomalous mean radius of the valence neutron of the so called neutron halo nucleus. Other laser spectroscopy
experiments using the slow RI-beams are also under progress in off-line setups.
A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF) has been developed and tested online for radioactive lithium isotope,
8Li at RIPS. A high mass resolving power of 170,000 has been obtained for an isobaric doublet of 40K and 40Ca with a very short flight timeof 2 ms. This performance allowed accurate mass determination of <10-7 accuracy by a single isobaric reference. Two mass measurement
projects using MRTOF mass spectrographs have been started: one is for trans uranium elements at the GARIS facility and the other is for
r-process nuclides at SLOWRI facility. At GARIS-II, we performed mass measurements of 206Fr, 205Fr, 201At and their isobars
simultaneously.
Resonance ionization spectroscopy has been tested during the offline development of PALIS gas cell. Stable isotopes of Co, Cu, Fe,
Ni, Ti, Nb, Sn, In, and Pd were resonantly ionized by excimer pumped dye lasers or Nd:YAG laser pumped Ti:Sapphire lasers with theprototype gas cell setup. The resonance spectra are in many cases sufficient to resolve the hyperfine structures. Nuclear spins and magnetic
moments will be determined for various isotopes obtained during other experiments. An online commissioning experiment of parasitic
low-energy production facility (PALIS) was performed and confirmed that the PALIS setup can coexist with other BigRIPS experiments
and obtained radioactive Cu isotopes from the gas cell.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Construction of stopped and low-energy RI-beam facility, SLOWRI.
Laser spectroscopy of trapped radioactive Beryllium isotopes.
Development of a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph for precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclei.
Development of collinear laser spectroscopy apparatus.
Development of parasitic slow RI-beam production method using resonance laser ionization.

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Construction of stopped and low-energy RI-beam facility (SLOWRI)(WADA, Michiharu, SONODA, Tetsu, KATAYAMA, Ichiro, KOJIMA, Takao, SCHURY, Peter, ITO, Yuta, ARAI, Fumiya, ARAI,
Shigeaki, KUBO, Toshiyuki, KUSAKA, Kensuke, FUJINAWA Tadashi, MAIE Takeshi, YAMASAWA Hideyuki, WOLLNIK,Hermann,)
Installation of SLOWRI has been started in FY2013. It consists of two gas catchers (RF Carpet gas cell and PALIS gas cell), mass
separators a 50-m beam transport line, a beam cooler-buncher, an isobar separator, and a laser system. The RFCarpet gas cell will be
installed at the exit of the D5 dipole magnet of BigRIPS. The gas catcher contains a large cryogenic He gas cell with a large traveling wave
rf-carpet. It will convert main beams of BigRIPS to low-energy, low-emittance beams without any restrictions on the chemical properties ofthe elements. The PALIS gas cell will be installed in the vicinity of the second focal plane slit of BigRIPS. It will provide parasitic
RI-beams from those ions lost in the slits during other experiments. In this gas catcher, thermalized RI ions quickly become neutral and will
be re-ionized by resonant laser radiations. These gas catchers will be tested off-line in FY2014. The 50 m beam transport line consists offour dipole magnets (SD1 to SD4), two focal plane chambers, 62 electrostatic quadrupole singlets, 11 electrostatic quadrupole quartets(EQQ1 to EQQ11) and 7 beam profile monitors (BPM). SD1 and SD2, located right after the gas catchers will be used for isotope
separation. After eliminating contaminant ions at the focal plane chamber, the low energy beam will be transported by FODO lattice
structure with phase space matching using EQQs. The EQQs have multipole elements made of 16 rods on which various potentials can beapplied to produce 6-pole and 8 pole fields, simultaneously, for compensation of ion optical aberrations. This multipole element can also
produce dipole fields for steering and scanning the beam. The BPM have a classical cross-wire beam monitor as well as a channel
electron multiplier with a pinhole collimator. Combining the scanning capability of the EQQs and the pinhole detector, we can observe a- 410 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

beam profile even for a very low-intensity RI-beams. Off- and on-line commissioning are underway.
(2) Laser spectroscopy of trapped radioactive beryllium isotope ions
(WADA, Michiharu, TAKAMINE, Aiko, SCHURY Peter, SONODA Tetsu, OKADA, Kunihiro, KANAI, Yasuyuki, YOSHIDA, Atsushi,
KUBO, Toshiyuki, WOLLNIK, Hermann, SCHUESSLER, Hans, KATAYAMA Ichiro)
As a first application of the prototype SLOWRI setup, we applied hyperfine structure spectroscopy to the beryllium isotopes todetermine in particular the anomalous radius of the valence neutron of the neutron halo nucleus 11Be, and to determine the charge radii ofthese beryllium isotopes through laser-laser double resonance spectroscopy of laser-cooled ions. Laser cooling is an essential prerequisite
for these planned experiments. The first laser spectroscopy experiments for beryllium isotopes were performed to measure the resonancefrequencies of 2s 2S1/2 - 2p 2P3/2 transition of 7Be+, 9Be+, 10Be+ and 10Be+ ions and the nuclear charge radii of these isotopes were
determined. The hyperfine structures of 11Be+ and 7Be+ ions using the laser-microwave double resonance spectroscopy were also performed
and the magnetic hyperfine constants of 7Be+ and 11Be+ ions were determined with accuracies of better than10-7.
(3) Development of a multi-reflection TOF mass spectrograph for short-lived nuclei(WADA, Michiharu, SCHURY Peter, ITO, Yuta, ARAI, Fumiya, MUARRY, Ian, SONODA Tetsu, WOLLNIK, Hermann, MORIMOTO,
Koji, KAJI, Daiya, HABA, Hiromitsu, KOURA, Hiroyuki)
The atomic mass is one of the most important quantities of a nucleus and has been studied in various methods since the early days ofphysics. Among many methods we chose a multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometer. Slow RI beams extracted from the
RF ion-guide are bunch injected into the spectrometer with a repetition rate of ~100 Hz. The spectrometer consists of two electrostatic
mirrors between which the ions travel back and forth repeatedly. These mirrors are designed such that energy-isochrononicity in the flighttime is guaranteed during the multiple reflections while the flight time varies with the masses of ions. A mass-resolving power of 170,000
has been obtained with a 2 ms flight time for 40K and 40Ca isobaric doublet. This mass-resolving power should allow us to determine ion
masses with an accuracy of 10-7. An online mass measurement for radioactive lithium isotope has been carried out at the prototype
SLOWRI setup.
The MR-TOF mass spectrograph has been placed under the GARIS-II separator aiming at direct mass measurements of trans-uranium
elements. A small cryogenic gas catcher cell was placed at the focal plane box of GARIS-II and a bunched low-energy heavy ion beam
were transported to the trap of MR-TOF. In online commissioning experiments, we achieved more than 30% of extraction efficiency fromthe cryogenic gas cell. We measured masses of 206Fr, 205Fr, 201At and some of their isobars simultaneously. Further measurements towards
trans-uranium isotopes is planned in FY2016.
(4) Development of collinear fast beam apparatus for nuclear charge radii measurements(WADA, Michiharu, SCHUESSLER, Hans, IIMURA, Hideki, SONODA, Tetsu, SCHURY, Peter, TAKAMINE, Aiko, OKADA,
Kunihiro, WOLLNIK, Hermann)
The root-mean-square charge radii of unstable nuclei have been determined exclusively by isotope shift measurements of the opticaltransitions of singly-charged ions or neutral atoms by laser spectroscopy. Many isotopes of alkaline, alkaline-earth, noble-gases and several
other elements have been measured by collinear laser spectroscopy since these ions have all good optical transitions and are available atconventional ISOL facilities. However, isotopes of other elements especially refractory and short-lived ones have not been investigated so
far.
In SLOWRI, isotopes of all atomic elements will be provided as well collimated mono-energetic beams. This should expand the range
of applicable nuclides of laser spectroscopy. In the first years of the RIBF project, Ni and its vicinities, such as Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge
are planned to be investigated. They all have possible optical transitions in the ground states of neutral atoms with presently available laser
systems. Some of them have so called recycle transitions which enhance the detection probabilities noticeably. Also the multistep resonanceionization (RIS) method can be applied to the isotopes of Ni as well as those of some other elements. The required minimum intensity forthis method can be as low as 10 atoms per second.
We have built an off-line mass separator and a collinear fast beam apparatus with a large solid-angle fluorescence detector. A 617 nm
transition of the metastable Ar+ ion at 20 keV was measured with both collinear and anti-collinear geometry that allowed us to determine
the absolute resonant frequency of the transition at rest with more than 10-8 accuracy. Such high accuracy measurements for Ti and Ni
isotopes are in progress.
(5) Development of parasitic slow RI-beam production scheme using resonance laser ionization(SONODA Tetsu, IIMURA Hideki, REPONEN, Mikael, WADA Michiharu, KATAYAMA Ichiou, KOJIMA, Takao, ADACHI Yoshitaka,
NOTO Takuma, TAKATSUKA Takaaki, TOMITA Hideki, WENDT Klaus, ARAI Fumiya, ITOU Yuta, SCHURY Peter, FUKUDA Naoki,
INABE Naohito, KUBO Toshiyuki, KUSAKA Kensuke, TAKEDA Hiroyuki, SUZUKI H., WAKASUGI Masanori, YOSHIDA Koichi)
More than 99.9% of RI ions produced in projectile fission or fragmentation are simply dumped in the first dipole magnet and the slits.
A new scheme, named PALIS, to rescue such dumped precious RI using a compact gas catcher cell and resonance laser ionization was
proposed as a part of SLOWRI. The thermalized RI ions in a cell filled with Ar gas can be quickly neutralized and transported to the exit of
the cell by gas flow. Irradiation of resonance lasers at the exit ionizes neutral RI atoms efficiently and selectively. The ionized RI ions canbe further selected by a magnetic mass separator and transported to SLOWRI experimental area for various experiment. The resonanceionization scheme itself can also be a useful method to perform hyperfine structure spectroscopy of RI of many elements.
A prototype setup has been tested for resonance ionization scheme of several elements, extraction from the cell, and transport to a highvacuum chamber. An online setup, has been fabricated in FY2013 and the first online commissioning took place in Fy2015. We confirmedthat the PALIS gas cell doesn’t harm BigRIPS experiment, and a reasonable amount of radioactive Cu isotopes were extracted from the cellby gas flow. A second online commissioning is scheduled in FY2016 and we are going to provide parasitic low-energy RI-beams forvarious experiments at the SLOWRI experimental area.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Members
Team Leader
Michiharu WADA
Research & Technical Scientist
Takao KOJIMA (Senior Research Scientist, Apr. 1, 2015)

Hideyuki YAMASAWA (concurrent; Infrastructure Management
Team)

Nishina Center Research Scientists
Tetsu SONODA

Kensuke KUSAKA (concurrent; BigRIPS Team)

Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Takeshi MAIE (concurrent; Cryogenic Technology Team)
Contract ResearcherPeter Henry SCHURY ( – Mar. 31, 2015)
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Yuta ITO (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Part-time Workers
Shigeaki ARAI
Ichiro KATAYAMA

Sota KIMURA (Feb. 1, 2016 –)Research Consultant
Hirokane KAWAKAMI
Visiting Researcher
Mikael REPONEN (JSPS, Aug. 4, 2014 –)Visiting Scientists
Hans A SCHUESSLER (Texas A&M Univ.)
Hermann WOLLNIK (Univ. of Giessen)
Aiko TAKAMINE (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Hideki IIMURA (JAEA)
Hideki TOMITA (Nagoya Univ.)

Klaus WENDT (Johannes Gutenberg Univ. Mainz)
Kunihiro OKADA (Sophia Univ.)
Peter Henry SCHURY (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Volker SONNENSCHEIN (Nagoya Univ.)

Student Trainees
Takuma NOTO (Nagoya Univ.)
Fumiya ARAI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Yoshitaka ADACHI (Nagoya Univ.)

Takahide TAKAMATSU (Nagoya Univ.)
Daiki MATSUI (Nagoya Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
K. Okada, M. Ichikawa, M. Wada, « Characterization of ion crystals for fundamental science », Hyp. Int. DOI 10.1007/s10751-015-1188-y,
2015*
Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H.S. Jung, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, S. Kimura, M. Mukai, Y.H. Kim, T.
Sonoda, M. Wada, M. Huyse, Yu. Kudryavtsev,P. van Duppen, « On-line experimental results of an argon gas cell-based laser ion source(KEK Isotope Separation System) », Nucl. Inst. Meth. B376 (2016) 52-56.*
M. Mukai, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H.S. Jung, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, Y.X. Watanabe, S. Kimura, A. Ozawa, S.C. Jeong, T. Sonoda,« Search for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes of tantalum using a newly developed time-of-flight mass spectrometer in KISS »,Nucl. Inst. Meth B376 (2016) 73-76.*
S. Kimura, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, H.S. Jung, M. Oyaizu, M. Mukai, S.C. Jeong, A. Ozawa, « Developmentof the detector system for image-decay spectroscopy at the KEK Isotope Sepaator System », Nucl. Inst. Meth. B376 (2016) 338-340.*
Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H.S. Jung, M. Oyaizu, M. Mukai, S. Kimura, T. Sonoda, M.
Wada, Y.H. Kim, M. Huyse, Yu Kudryavtsev, P. van Duppen, « Deta-decay spectroscopy of r-process nuclei around N=126 », EPJ Web
Conf. 109 (2016) 08001, 1-6.*
Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, S. Kimura, M. Mukai, Y.H. Kim, T. Sonoda, M. Wada,
M. Huyse, Yu. Kudryavtsev, P. van Duppen, « Laser ion source for multi-nucleon transfer products », Nucl. Inst. Meth B353 (2015) 4-15.*
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
P. Schury et al., « Status of the low-energy Super-Heavy Element Facility at RIKEN », May 11-15, 2015, EMIS2015, Grand Rapids, MI, USA- 412 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

M. Wada et al., « SHE-mass project at RIKEN RIBF », May 25-29, 2015, TAN2015, Urabandai, Fukushima, Japan
T. Sonoda et al., « Development of the parasitic production of low-energy RI-beam and gas-ject nuclear spectroscopy at RIKEN BigRIPS « ,June 7-10, 2015, LAP2015, Michigan State Univ. East Lancing, MI, USA
M. Wada, « Laser spectroscopy and mass measurements at RIKEN SLOWRI », Aug. 24-27, ECT* Workshop, TRENTO, Italy
M. Wada et al, « Towards high precision nuclear spectroscopy at SLOWRI, RIKEN RIBF », Nov. 07-12, JCNP2015, RCNP, Osaka, Japan.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Y. Ito et al., « Development of a gas cell system for SHE-mass project at RIKEN », May 25-29, 2015, TAN2015, Urabandai, Fukushima,Japan
M. Reponen, et al., « Resonance ionization spectroscopy data-analysis software for PALIS-facility », June 7-10, 2015, LAP2015, Michigan
State Univ., East Lancing, MI, USA- 413 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentation Development Group
Rare RI-ring Team
1. Abstract

Mass measurement is one of the most important contributions to a nuclear property research especially for short-lived unstable nuclei
far from the beta-stability line. In particular, a high-precision mass measurement for nuclei located around the r-process pass (rare-RI) is
required in nucleosynthesis point of view. We chose a method of isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) to make a measurement timeshorter than 1 ms. Heavy-ion storage ring named “Rare-RI Ring (R3)” has been constructed until end of 2013 and commissioning
experiments were successfully performed in last year. Our target performance in the mass determination is to achieve accuracy of the orderof 1 ppm (~100 keV) even if we get only one event. Since an isochronism in R3 is established over a wide range of the momentum,
rare-RIs with a large momentum spread, p/p=±0.5 %, are acceptable. Another significant feature of the R3 system is an individual
injection scheme in which a produced rare-RI itself triggers the injection kicker. In the first commissioning experiment using primary 78Kr
beam, we could demonstrated a high ability of R3 as a storage ring and succeed in establishing the individual injection scheme for the firsttime. In the second experiment using secondary beams of 36Ar and 25Cl, we successfully demonstrated mass determination by measuring
revolution time for both isotopes with the accuracy of ~20 ppm. We are going to try to measure masses for isotopes around 78Ni region in2016.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Developments of heavy-ion storage ring(2) Precision mass measurement for rarely produced isotopes related to r-process.

3. Summary of Research Activity

Since the lattice design of R3 is based on the cyclotron motion, it can provide an isochronism in a wide range of the momentum. We
expect a great improvement in mass resolution in IMS as long as the isochronous field is precisely formed in R3. Therefore, IMS using R3
is capable of both a high-precision measurement and a fast measurement. All the devices in R3 was designed under the assumption that anincoming beam has an energy of less than 200 MeV/u and a charge to mass ratio, m/q, of less than 3. The ring structure was designed with asimilar concept of a separate-sector ring cyclotron. It consists of six sectors and 4.02-m straight sections, and each sector consists of four
rectangular bending magnets. A radially homogeneous magnetic field is produced in the magnet, and a magnetic rigidity is 6.5 Tm at
maximum, for instance, 78Ni with the magnetic rigidity of 5.96 Tm. Two magnets at both ends of each sector are additionally equipped withten trim coils to form a precise isochronous magnetic field. Forp=0 particle, the circumference is 60.35 m and the betatron tunes arex=1.21 and y=0.84 in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The momentum acceptance is p/p=±0.5 %, and the transverse
acceptances are 20mmmrad and 10 mmmrad in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
Another performance required for R3 is to efficiently seize hold of an opportunity of the measurement for rare-RIs produced
unpredictably. We adopted an individual injection scheme in which the produced rare-RI itself triggers the injection kicker magnets. Fullactivation of the kicker magnetic field has to be completed within the flight time of the rare-RI from an originating point (F3 focal point in
BigRIPS) of the trigger signal to the kicker position in R3. We successfully developed an ultra-fast response kicker system working withthe repetition rate of 100 Hz.
Since R3 accumulates, in principle, only single ion, we need high-sensitive beam diagnostic devices in the ring, and they should beapplicable even for a single particle circulation. One of them is a cavity type of Schottky pick-up installed for tuning of isochronous field. A
resonance frequency is 171 MHz, a measured quality factor is about 1945, and shunt impedance is 190 k. Another is a timing monitor,
which detects secondary electrons emitted from thin carbon foil placed on the accumulation orbit. The thickness of the foil will be 50
g/cm. The rare-RI with the energy of 200 MeV/u survives only for first 100 turns because of an energy loss at the foil.
In last year, we had two times of commissioning experiments. In the first experiment, we use primary 78Kr36+ beam with the energy of
168 MeV/u. We succeeded in beam injection particle by particle in individual injection scheme, beam extraction after 700-s accumulation(~1860 turns), and measurements of the TOF from the injection to the extraction. It was demonstrated that R3 works well as a storage ring
and a single particle is certainly manipulated in this storage ring system. The individual injection scheme was established for the first timein the world. In addition, the Schottky pick-up monitored a single 78Kr36+ particle circulation with the measuring time of less than 10 ms.
That demonstrated that our pick-up is world most sensitive non-destructive monitor. In this experiment, we could tune completely the firstorder isochronism, but higher order components was remained, consequently, the 10-ppm accuracy of the isochronism was obtained. Moreprecise tuning is possible with reference the Schottky data. In the second commissioning experiment, we injected two isotopes, 36Ar and
35Cl, selected in the secondary beams into the ring, in which the isochronism is tuned for 36Ar. It was obviously demonstrated that the massof 35Cl relative to 36Ar is determined by comparing the TOF values for both isotopes, and the accuracy was ~20 ppm, which is one-orderless than our target value of a few ppm. We found that the imperfection of isochronism significantly contributes to the time resolution of
measured TOF values and the magnetic field fluctuation (less than 10 ppm) is also considerable. These inexpediencies will be improved innext time. In this year, we will be able to try mass measurements for isotopes related r-process pass around 78Ni region.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Members
Team Leader
Masanori WAKASUGI (concurrent; Group Director,
Instrumentations Development Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientists
Yoshiyuki YANAGISAWA (Senior Research Scientist, concurrent;
BigRIPS Team)
Tamaki WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist, concurrent;
Beam Dynamics and Diagnostics Team)
Yutaka WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist, concurrent;
RILAC team)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Yoshitaka YAMAGUCHI
Daisuke NAGAE (Spin-Isospin Lab.)

Naohito INABE (Senior Technical Scientist, concurrent; BigRIPS
Team)
Hideyuki YAMASAWA (concurrent; Infrastructure Management
Team)

Fumi SUZAKU (Spin-Isospin Lab.)

Nishina Center Technical Scientists
Takeshi MAIE (concurrent; Cryogenic Technology Team)

Misaki KOMIYAMA
Diagnostics Team)(concurrent;

BeamDynamics

andSpecial Postdoctoral Researcher
Yasushi ABE (Apr. 1, 2015 – )Research Consultant
Akira NODA ( – Mar. 31, 2014)
Student Trainees
Ayano ENOMOTO (Saitama Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Review)
Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, Y. Abe, F. Suzaki, D. Nagae, S. Omika, H. Miura, S. Naimi, Z. Ge, T. Yamaguchi, A. Ozawa, T. Uesaka, J.
Ohnishi, T. Kikuchi, M. Komiyama, K. Kumagai, A. Tokuchi, T. Fujinawa, T. Maie, H. Yamasawa, Y. Yanagisawa, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe,
and Y. Yano, “Construction of the rare-RI ring at RIKEN RI Beam Factory” , Journal of Particle Accelerator of Japan, Vol.12, No.3, 132-141(2015).
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, Y. Abe, A. Ozawa, T. Suzuki, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Yamaguchi, “Performance of aresonant Schottky pick-up for the Rare-RI Ring project”, JPS Conference Proceedings Vol.6 (2015) 030119.*T. Yamaguchi, “Present status of Rare-RI Ring facility at RIBF”, Physica Scripta T166 (2015) 014039.*
Y. Abe, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, T. Uesaka, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, D. Nagae, H. Miura, and T. Yamaguchi, “Isochronous field study of theRare-RI Ring”, Physica Scripta T166 (2015) 014039.*
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, A. Ozawa, T. Suzuki, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Abe, and Y. Yamaguchi, “A resonant
Schottky pick-up for Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN”, Physica Scripta T166 (2015) 014059.*
Y. Yamaguchi, H. Miura, M. Wakasugi, Y. Abe, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, A. Tokuchi, T. Uesaka, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Yano, “Fast-kicker system
for rare-RI ring” Physica Scripta T166 (2015) 014056.*
H. Miura, Y. Abe, Z. Ge, K. Hiraishi, Y. Ishikawa, I. Kato, T. Moriguchi, D. Nagae, S. Naimi, T. Nishimura, S. Omika, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, S.
Suzuki, “Performance of a fast kicker magnet for rare-RI ring”, Proceedings of the HIAT2015 (2015) 95-97.
F. Suzaki, Y. Abe, Z. Ge, D. Nagae, S. Naimi, T. Uesaka, T. Watanabe, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Zenihiro, Y. Yano, I. Kato,
H. Miura, T. Nishimura, S. Omika, T. Suzuki, N. Tadano, Y. Takeuchi, T. Yamaguchi, K. Hiraishi, Y. Ichikawa, T. Moriguchi, A. Ozawa, S.
Suzuki, and Y. Tajiri, “Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up in the commissioning of rare-RI ring”, Proceedings of the HIAT2015(2015) 98-100.
Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Abe, and rare-RI ring collaborators, “The rare-RI ring at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the HIAT2015 (2015)
121-123.
T. Yamaguchi, T. Izumikawa, S. Miyazawa, T. Suzuki, F. Tokanai, H. Furuki, N. Ichihashi, C. Ichikawa, A. Kitagawa, T. Kuboki, S. Momota, D.
Nagae, M. Nagashima, Y. Nakamura, R. Nishikiori, T. Ohtsubo, A. Ozawa, K. Sato, S. Sato, and S. Suzuki, “Performance ofhigh-resolution position-sensitive detectors developed for storage-ring decay experiments”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research Section B 317 (2013) 697-700.*
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, T. Yamaguchi, A. Ozawa, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Design
study of a resonant Schottky pick-up for the Rare-RI Ring project”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B317
(2013) 636-639.*
D. Nagae, S. Okada, A. Ozawa, T. Yamaguchi, H. Suzuki, T. Moriguchi, Y. Ishibashi, S. Fukuoka, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa, T. Suzuki, K. Sato, H.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Furuki, N. Ichihashi, S. Miyazawa, Y. Yamaguchi, T. Uesaka, and M. Wakasugi, “Time-of-flight detector applied to mass measurements in
Rare-RI Ring”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 317 (2013) 640-643.*
Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, T. Uesaka, A. Ozawa, Y. Abe, T. Fujinawa, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, T. Kubo, K. Kumagai, T. Maie, D. Nagae, J.
Ohnishi, F. Suzaki, A. Tokuchi, Y. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, H. Yamasawa, Y. Yanagisawa, J. Zenihiro, and Y.
Yano, “Construction of rare-RI ring at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 317(2013) 629-635.*
Yu.A. Litvinov, S. Bishop, K. Blaum, F. Bosch, C. Brandau, L.X. Chen, I. Dillmann, P. Egelhof, H. Geissel, R.E. Grisenti, S. Hagmann, M. Heil,
A. Heinz, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, R. Knoebel, C. Kozhuharov, M. Lestinsky, X.W. Ma, T. Nilsson, F. Nolden, A. Ozawa, R. Raabe, M.W.
Reed, R. Reifarth, M.S. Sanjari, D. Schneider, H. Simon, M. Steck, T. Stoehlker, B.H. Sun, X.L. Tu, T. Uesaka, P.M. Walker, M. Wakasugi,
H. Weick, N. Winckler, P.J. Woods, H.S. Xu, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, and Y.H. Zhang, “Nuclear physics experiments with ion storagerings”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 317 (2013) 603-616.*
T. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, and A. Ozawa “The challenge of precision mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclei: Development of a
new storage-ring mass spectrometry”, Journal of Mass Spectrometry 349-350 (2013) 240-246.*
M. Wakasugi, and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Construction of the rare-RI ring at the RIKEN RI beam factory”, Proceedings of Cyclotron2013(2013) 477-481.
Y. Abe, D. Nagae, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Developments of time-of-flight detectors for Rare-RI Ring”, Proceedings of the 12th Asia
Pacific Physics Conference 1 (2013) 013059.*
F. Suzaki, T. Yamaguchi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Storage-ring mass spectrometry in Japan”, Proceedings of the 12th Asia PacificPhysics Conference 1 (2013) 013058.*
M. Komiyama, A. Uchiyama, N. Fukunishi, M. Wakasugi, M. Hamanaka, and M. Nishimura, “Status of the RIKE RI Beam Factory Control
System”, Proceedings of ICALEPCS2013 (2013) 348-351.
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Y. Yamaguchi, “The Rare RI Ring at RI Beam Factory”, 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Yokohama,Japan, September (2015).
Y. Yamaguchi, “Commissioning of the Rare-RI Ring at RI Beam Factory”, International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics,
Newport News, USA, October (2015).
Y. Yamaguchi, “Commissioning of the Rare-RI Ring at RI Beam Factory”, The 9th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, Osaka,
Japan, November (2015).
Ozawa, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Mass measurement with Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN”, SKLTP-BLTP Joint Workshop on Physics ofStrong Interaction, Guangxi, China, November (2015).
Y. Yamaguchi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Present status of Rare-RI Ring”, RIBF Users Meeting 2015, Wako, Japan, September (2015).
M. Wakasugi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “The Rare-RI Ring Facility at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 2nd Conference on Advances inRadioactive Isotope Science, Tokyo, Japan, June (2014).
Y. Yamaguchi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, The 6th International Conference on Trapped
Charged Particles and Fundamental Physics, Takamatsu, Japan, Desember (2014).
Y. Abe, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, T. Uesaka, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, H. Miura, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Yano, “Isochronous study of theRare-RI Ring”, 9th International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings, St. Goar, Germany, September (2014).
Ozawa, “Mass measurement with Rare-RI Ring”, Science and Next Generation Experiments at FRIB and RIBF, Hawaii, USA, October(2014).
Y. Abe, “Mass measurement of RI with Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN”, Post-TCP PMM Workshop, Wako, Japan, December (2014).
M. Wakasugi, and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Construction of the Rare RI Ring (R3) at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, The 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
T. Yamaguchi, “Rare-RI Ring project in RIKEN”, Sino-German Symposium on (High precision experiments with stored exotic and stable
nuclei), Lanzhou, China, November (2013).
Y. Yamaguchi, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Construction status of the Rare-RI Ring”, RIBF Users Meeting 2013, Wako, Japan, June(2013).
Ozawa, and rare-RI ring collaboration, “Rare-RI Ring for Mass measurements at RIBF”, The 12th International Symposium on Origin of
Matter and Evolution of Galaxies, Tsukuba, Japan, November (2013).
[Domestic Conference]
大甕舜一朗、山口貴之、若杉昌徳、山口由高、阿部康志、上坂友洋、小沢顕、洲嵜ふみ、鈴木健、長江大輔、三浦宙、柳澤善行、 「稀少RI リング個別入射方式のための同軸菅の開発」日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会、大阪市、9 月 (2015).
鈴木伸司、市川ゆきな、長江大輔、小沢顕、阿部康志、森口哲朗、岡田俊祐、石橋陽子、松本拓也、田尻芳之、斎藤祐多、稲葉成紀、沢畑
克樹、山口貴之、鈴木健、河野準平、山木さやか、松本達、榎本彩乃、大甕舜一朗、竹内勇貴、加藤郁磨、只野奈津生、西村拓真、北川
敦志、佐藤眞二、「RI ビーム飛行時間検出器の開発」日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会、大阪市、9 月 (2015).
阿部康志、山口由高、上坂友洋、小沢顕、洲嵜ふみ、山口貴之、若杉昌徳、稀少 RI リングコラボレーション、「稀少 RI リングの性能評価」
日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会、仙台市、3 月 (2016).
洲嵜ふみ、阿部康志、Ge Zhuang、平石健太郎、市川ゆきな、加藤郁磨、三浦宙、森口哲朗、長江大輔、Naimi Sarah、西村拓真、大甕舜
一朗、小沢顕、鈴木伸司、鈴木健、只野奈津生、田尻芳之、竹内勇貴、上坂友洋、若杉昌徳、渡邊環、山田一成、山口貴之、山口由高、
銭廣十三、矢野安重、「稀少 RI リングのための共鳴ショットキーピックアップのオンライン性能評価」日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会、
仙台市、3 月 (2016).
鈴木伸司、小沢顕、市川ゆきな、森口哲朗、田尻芳之、平石健太郎、松本拓也、長江大輔、阿部康志、Naimi Sarah、Ge Zhuang、山口貴之、松本達、鈴木健、大甕舜一朗、竹内勇貴、加藤郁磨、只野奈津生、西村拓真、北川敦志、佐藤眞二、「質量測定用飛行時間検出器の開発」日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会、仙台市、3 月 (2016).
小沢顕、「Present status of Rare-RI Ring project at RIBF」実験と観測で解き明かす中性子星の核物質 第 4 回研究会、葉山、9 月 (2015).
山口貴之、「稀少 RI リングによる r プロセス核の測定計画」宇宙核物理連絡協議会 研究会、三鷹市、2 月 (2016).
Naimi Sarah、「Mass measurement in connection to the nuclear astrophysics」宇宙核物理連絡協議会 研究会、三鷹市、2 月 (2016).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)洲嵜ふみ、阿部康志、Naimi Sarah、三浦宙、小沢顕、鈴木健、上坂友洋、若杉昌徳、山田一成、山口貴之、山口由高、銭廣十三、Chen Xiangcheng、「稀少 RI リングの共鳴ショットキーピックアップのオフライン性能試験」日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会、東京、3 月 (2015).
三浦宙、山口由高、若杉昌徳、阿部康志、小沢顕、洲嵜ふみ、徳地明、上坂友洋、山口貴之、長江大輔、柳澤善行、鈴木健、「稀少 RI リ
ングのためのキッカーマグネットの開発」日本物理学会第 70 回年次大会、東京、3 月 (2015).
阿部康志、長江大輔、岡田俊祐、小沢顕、山口貴之、石橋陽子、斎藤祐多、沢畑克樹、鈴木健、河野準平、山木さやか、山口由高、上坂友洋、若杉昌徳、「稀少 RI リングのビームモニターの開発」日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会、高知市、9 月 (2013).
洲嵜ふみ、銭廣十三、小沢顕、鈴木健、上坂友洋、若杉昌徳、山田一成、山口貴之、山口由高、「稀少 RI リングの共鳴ショットキーピッ
クアップ設計のための電磁場シミュレーション」日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会、高知市、9 月 (2013).
洲嵜ふみ、銭廣十三、小沢顕、鈴木健、上坂友洋、若杉昌徳、山田一成、山口貴之、山口由高、「稀少 RI リングの共鳴ショットキーピッ
クアップの性能試験」日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会、平塚市、3 月 (2014).
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]

H. Miura and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Development of a Fast Kicker System for Rare-RI RIng”, 13th International
Conference on Heavy Ion
Accelerator Technology, Yokohama, Japan, September (2015).
F. Suzaki and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up in the commissioning of Rare-RI Ring”,
13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, Yokohama, Japan, September (2015).
Z. Ge and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN”, The 13th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and
Evolution of Galaxies, Beijing, China, June (2015).
Y. Yamaguchi, H. Miura, M. Wakasugi, Y. Abe, A. Ozawa, F. Suzaki, A. Tokuchi, T. Uesaka, T. Yamaguchi, and Y. Yano,“Fast-kicker system for Rare-RI Ring”, 9th International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings, St. Goar,
Germary, September (2014).
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, A. Ozawa, T. Suzuki, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Abe, and Y. Yamaguchi,“A resonant Schottky pick-up for Rare-RI Ring at RIKEN”, 9th International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage
Rings, St. Goar, Germany, September (2014).
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, A. Ozawa, T. Suzuki, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Abe, and Y. Yamaguchi,“Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up for Rare-RI Ring project”, 2nd Conference on Advances in Radioactive
Isotope Science, Tokyo, Japan, June (2014).
Y. Abe, and D. Nagae, “Developments of time-of-flight detectors for Rare-RI Ring”, The 12th Asia Pacific Physics Conference,
Chiba, Japan, July (2013).
T. Yamaguchi, F. Suzaki, and rare-RI ring collaborators, “Storage-ring mass spectrometry in Japan”, The 12th Asia PacificPhysics Conference, Chiba, Japan, July (2013).
T. Yamaguchi, “Cherenkov light detection as a velocity selector for uranium fission products at intermediate energies”, 8thInternational workshop on Ring imaging Cherenkov Detectors, Hayama, Japan, Desember (2013).

[Domestic Conference]
山口由高、若杉昌徳、阿部康志、洲嵜ふみ、藤縄雅、加瀬昌之、込山美咲、熊谷桂子、眞家武士、長江大輔、大西純一、小沢顕、上坂友洋、
渡邉裕、山口貴之、山澤秀行、柳澤善行、銭廣十三、矢野安重、「理研 RIBF における稀少 RI リングの現状」第 11 回日本加速器学会年会、青森市、8 月 (2014).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentation Development GroupSCRIT Team
1. Abstract

The SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility has been constructed at RIKEN RIBF. This aims at investigation of internal nuclear structure
for short-lived unstable nuclei by means of electron scattering. SCRIT (Self-Confining RI Ion Target) is a novel method to form internal
targets in an electron storage ring. This is a unique method for making electron scattering experiments for unstable nuclei possible.
Construction of the facility has been started in 2009. This facility consists of an electron accelerator (RTM), a SCRIT-equipped electron
storage ring (SR2), an electron-beam-driven RI separator (ERIS), and a detector system consisting of a high-resolution magnetic
spectrometer, drift chambers and trigger scintillators. Installation of all components in the facility was completed in 2015, and it is now
under comprehensive test experiment phase. In the test experiments, the luminosity was reached to 3×1027 /(cm2s) with the number of
injected ions of 3×108, and we successfully measured a diffraction pattern in the angular distribution of scattered electrons from 132Xe
isotope and determined the charge density distribution for the first time. The facility is now under setting up to move the first experimentfor unstable nuclei.

2. Major Research Subjects

Development of SCRIT electron scattering technique and measurement of the nuclear charge density distributions of unstable nuclei.

3. Summary of Research Activity

SCRIT is a novel technique to form internal target in an electron storage ring. Positive ions are three dimensionally confined in theelectron beam axis by transverse focusing force given by the circulating electron beam and applied electrostatic longitudinal mirror
potential. The created ion cloud composed of RI ions injected from outside works as a target for electron scattering. Construction of the
SCRIT electron scattering facility has been started in 2009. The electron accelerators RTM and the storage ring SR2 were successfullycommissioned in 2010. Typical accumulation current in SR2 is 250-300 mA at the energy range of 100-300 MeV that is required energy
range in electron scattering experiment. The SCRIT device was inserted in the straight section of SR2 and connected to an ISOL named
ERIS (Electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT) by 20-m long low energy ion transport line. A buncher system based on RFQ linear
trap was inserted in the transport line to convert the continuous beam from ERIS to pulsed beam, which is acceptable for SCRIT. A detector
system consisting of a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, drift chambers and trigger schintillators was constructed, and this has a solid
angle of 100 msr, energy resolution of 10-3, and the scattering angle coverage of 25-55 degrees. A wide range of momentum transfer,80-300 MeV/c, is covered by changing the electron beam energy from 150 to 300 MeV. Installation of all the components in the facility has
been completed in last year, and we are now under comprehensive test experiments.
We successfully measured a diffraction pattern in the angular distribution of scattered electron from 132Xe isotope at the electron beamenergy of 150MeV, 200MeV, and 300MeV, and derived the nuclear charge distribution by assuming two-parameters Fermi model for the
first time. At this time luminosity was reached to 3×1027/(cm2s) at maximum and the averaged value was 1.2×1027/(cm2s) with thenumber of injected target ions of 3×108.
We are now under preparation for going to the experiments for unstable nuclei. There are some key issues for that. They are increasing
the intensity of the RI beams from ERIS, efficient DC-to-pulse conversion at the buncher, and effective suppression of the background inmeasurement of scattered electrons. RI beam intensity will be improved by upgrading the electron beam power from 10W to 60W,
increasing the contained amount of U in the target ion source, and some modifications in mechanical structure in the ion source. For
efficient DC-to-pulse conversion, we will innovate two-step bunching method, which is time compression at the buncher in combination
with pre-bunching at the ion source using grid action, and was already demonstrated in off-line test. Since one of significant contribution to
the background for scattered electron is scattering from massive structural objects around the trapping region originated from halocomponents of the electron beam, we will remodel the SCRIT electrodes. Luminosity for radioactive Xe isotopes is expected to be morethan 1026/(cm2s) after these improvements. Then, we will be able to start experiments for unstable nuclei. When further upgrading in the
RTM power planed to be 3kW will be achieved, we can extend the measurements to more exotic nuclei.

Members
Team Leader
Masanori WAKASUGI (concurrent; Group Director,
Instrumentations Development Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientists
Masamitsu WATANABE (Senior Research Scientist)

Tetsuya OHNISHI (Senior Technical Scientist)

Research Consultants
Tadaaki TAMAE
Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA

Masahiro HARA
Takashi EMOTO- 418 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Senior Visiting Scientist
Toshitada HORI (Hiroshima Univ.)
Visiting Scientists
Shuo WANG (Tohoku Univ.)
Kyo TSUKADA (Tohoku Univ.)
Toshimi SUDA (Tohoku Univ.)

Akitomo ENOKIZONO (Rikkyo Univ.)
Kazuyoshi KURITA (Rikkyo Univ.)

Student Trainees
Kohei YAMADA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Takahiro FUJITA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Nobuaki UCHIDA (Rikkyo Univ.)

Kousuke ADACHI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Mitsuki HORI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Shin-nosuke SASAMURA (Rikkyo Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
M. Togasaki, K. Kurita, K. Yamada, R. Toba, M. Hara, T. Ohnishi, and M. Wakasugi, “Development of a buffer-gas-free buncher for low energy
RI ion beam”, HIAT2015 proceedings, 253 (2015).
T. Ohnishi, S. Ichikawa, and M. Wakasugi, “Electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, HIAT2015
proceedings, 194 (2015).
T. Ohnishi, A. Enokizono, M. Hara, T. Hori, S. Ichikawa, K. Kurita, S. Matsuo, T. Suda, T. Tamae, M. Togasaki, K. Tsukada, T. Tsuru, S. Wang,
S. Yoneyama, and M. Wakasugi, “The SCRIT electron scattering facility project at RI Beam Factory”, Physca Scripta, T166 , 014071(2015).*
T. Suda, A. Enokizono, M. Hara, Y. Haraguchi, S. Ichikawa, K. Kurita, S. Matsuo, T. Ohnishi, T. Tamae, M. Togasaki, K. Tsukada, T. Tsuru, S.
Wang, S. Yoneyama, and M. Wakasugi, “SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility”, JPS Conf. Proc. 6, 030100 (2015).*
T. Suda, “Electron Scattering for Exotic Nuclei”, Pramana Journal of Physics 83, 739-747 (2014).
若杉昌徳、大西哲哉、須田利美、栗田和好、”不安定核構造を映す電子顕微鏡をつくる”、日本物理学会誌、68, 810 (2013).*
M. Wakasugi, T. Ohnishi, S. Wang, Y. Miyashita, T. Adachi, T. Amagai, A. Enokizono, A. Enomoto, Y. Haraguchi, M. Hara, T. Hori, S. Ichikawa,
T. Kikuchi, R. Kitazawa, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, T. Miyamoto, R. Ogawara, Y. Shimakura, H. Takehara, T. Tamae, S. Tamaki, M. Togasaki, T.
Yamaguchi, K. Yanagi, and T. Suda, “Construction of the SCRIT electron scattering facility at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instrum.
Meth., B317, 668-673 (2013).*
T. Ohnishi, S. Ichikawa, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, Y. Miyashita, R. Ogawara, S. Tamaki, M. Togasaki, and M. Wakasugi, “Electron-beam-driven RI
separator for SCRIT (ERIS) at RIKEN RI beam factory”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., B317, 357-360 (2013).*R. Ogawara, T. Ohnishi, M. Togasaki, S. Tamaki, Y. Miyashita, H. Takehara, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, and M. Wakasugi “Ion-trapping properties
of SCRIT”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., B317, 674-678 (2013).*
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Wakasugi, “The SCRIT Facility at RIKEN”, Int. Workshop on Electron Radioactive Collision, Apr. 25-27, CEA Saclay, France (2016).
M. Wakasugi, T. Ohnishi, W. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, M. Hara, T. Hori, M. Togasaki, K. Yamada, T. Fujita, K. Adachi, M. Hori, A, Enokizono,
K. Kurita, K. Tsukada, T. Tamae, and T. Suda, “Current status of electron-RI collision project at RIKEN“, Int. Workshop on Beem Coolingand Related Topics COOL15, Sep.28-Oct.2, JLab Newport News, Virginia, USA (2015).
T. Ohnishi, A. Enokizono, M. Hara, T. Hori, S. Ichikawa, K. Kurita, S. Matsuo, T. Suda, T. Tamae, M. Togasaki, K. Tsukada, T. Tsuru, S. Wang,
S. Yoneyama, and M. Wakasugi, “The SCRIT electron scattering facility project at RI Beam Factory”, 9th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Physics at
Storage Ring, Sep.28-Oct.2, Schloss Rheinfels, St. Goar, Germany (2015).
M. Wakasugi, “The SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 5th EURISOL User Group Topical Meeting, Jun.15-17,
York, UK (2014).
M. Wakasugi, T. Ohnishi, W. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, M. Hara, T. Hori, M. Togasaki, Y, Matsuo, K. Yamada, A, Enokizono, K. Kurita, S,
Yoneyama, T. Tsuru, Y. Moriya, K. Tsukada, T. Tamae, and T. Suda, R. Toba, and T. Kikuchi, “The SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility“,
6th Int. Conf. on Trapped Charged Particles and Fundamental Phtsics, Takamatsu, Japan (2014).
T. Suda, “Electron Scattering for Exotic Nuclei”, Int. DAE Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Dec. 4, Munbaim India (2013).
T. Suda, “Electron Scattering and Photonuclear Reaction for Short-Lived Nuclei”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Int. Workshop, Dec. 9, Wako, Japan(2013).
M. Wakasugi, T. Ohnishi, S. Wang, Y. Miyashita, T. Adachi, T. Amagai, A. Enokizono, A. Enomoto, Y. Haraguchi, M. Hara, T. Hori, S. Ichikawa,
T. Kikuchi, R. Kitazawa, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, T. Miyamoto, R. Ogawara, Y. Shimakura, H. Takehara, T. Tamae, S. Tamaki, M. Togasaki, T.
Yamaguchi, K. Yanagi, and T. Suda, “Construction of the SCRIT electron scattering facility at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Dec. 2-7,
Matsue, Japan (2012).
[Domestic Conference]
塚田暁、足立江介、市川進一、榎園昭智、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、原雅弘、藤田峻広、堀利匡、
堀充希、松田一衛、山田耕平、若杉昌徳、渡邊正満、”SCRIT 法を用いた Xe 同位体標的における電子散乱の角度分布測定“、日本物理学会、３月、東北学院大、仙台（2016）.
榎園昭智、足立江介、市川進一、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、塚田暁、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、原雅弘、藤田峻広、堀利匡、
堀充希、松田一衛、山田耕平、若杉昌徳、渡邊正満、”SCRIT 法を用いた電子・不安定 Xe 核散乱実験におけるルミノシティの測定“、日本物理学会、３月、東北学院大、仙台（2016）.
塚田暁、市川進一、榎園昭智、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、原雅弘、藤田峻広、堀利匡、松田一衛、山- 419 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

田耕平、若杉昌徳、渡邊正満、”SCRIT 法を用いた電子・不安定核散乱実験に向けた電子スペクトロメータのアクセプタンス評価“、日本物理学会、９月、大阪市立大、大阪（2015）.
榎園昭智、足立江介、市川進一、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、塚田暁、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、原雅弘、藤田峻広、堀利匡、
松田一衛、山田耕平、若杉昌徳、渡邊正満、”SCRIT 法を用いた電子・不安定核散乱実験に向けたルミノシティ決定精度の評価“、日本物理学会、９月、大坂市立大、大坂（2015）.
戸ケ崎衛、大西哲哉、栗田和好、鳥羽瞭太、原雅弘、山田耕平、若杉昌徳、“イオンビームクーラー・バンチャーの開発”、日本物理学会、９月、大坂市立大、大坂（2015）.
塚田暁、市川進一、榎園昭智、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、堀利匡、原雅弘、松尾咲希、松田一衛、森谷洋祐、米山俊平、若杉昌徳、”SCRIT 電子スペクトロメータの運動量分解能とアクセプタンス評価“、日本物理学会、３月、早稲田大、東京（2015）.
米山俊平、榎園昭智、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、塚田暁、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、松尾咲希、松田一衛、森谷洋祐、若杉昌徳、”SCRIT
実験用ルミノシティーモニタ“、日本物理学会、３月、早稲田大、東京（2015）.
松尾咲希、市川進一、榎園昭智、大西哲哉、栗田和好、須田利美、玉江忠明、塚田暁、水流輝明、戸ケ崎衛、原雅弘、堀利匡、松田一衛、森谷洋祐、米山俊平、若杉昌徳、”SCRIT 実験における散乱電子スペクトロメータの開発“、日本物理学会、３月、早稲田大、東京（2015）.
K. Tukada, T. Miyamoto, T. Suda, T. Tsuru, S. Yoneyama, M. Hara, T. Hori, S. Ichikawa, T. Ohnishi, M. Wakasugi, A. Enokizono, K. Kurita, S.
Matsuo, Y. Shimakura, M. Togasaki, Y. Haraguchi, and S. Wang, “SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility”, Japan-US joint Phys. Soc. Meeting,Sep. Hawai, USA (2014).
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Togasaki, K. Kurita, K. Yamada, R. Toba, M. Hara, T. Ohnishi, and M. Wakasugi, “Development of a buffer-gas-free buncher for low energy
RI ion beam”, 13th Int. Conf. on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technorogy HIAT2015, Sep. 7-11, Yokohama, Japan (2015).
T. Ohnishi, S. Ichikawa, and M. Wakasugi, “Electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 13th Int. Conf. on
Heavy Ion Accelerator Technorogy HIAT2015, Sep. 7-11, Yokohama, Japan (2015).
T. Suda, A. Enokizono, M. Hara, Y. Haraguchi, S. Ichikawa, K. Kurita, S. Matsuo, T. Ohnishi, T. Tamae, M. Togasaki, K. Tsukada, T. Tsuru, S.
Wang, S. Yoneyama, and M. Wakasugi, “SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility”, 2nd Int. Conf. on Advances in Radioactive Isotope Science,
Jun. 1-6, Tokyo, Japan (2014).
T. Ohnishi, S. Ichikawa, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, Y. Miyashita, R. Ogawara, S. Tamaki, M. Togasaki, and M. Wakasugi, “Electron-beam-driven RI
separator for SCRIT (ERIS) at RIKEN RI beam factory”, 16th IUPAP Int. Conf. on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques
Related to Their Applications, Dec. 2-7, Matsue, Japan (2012).
R. Ogawara, T. Ohnishi, M. Togasaki, S. Tamaki, Y. Miyashita, H. Takehara, K. Koizumi, K. Kurita, and M. Wakasugi “Ion-trapping properties
of SCRIT”, 16th IUPAP Int. Conf. on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to Their Applications, Dec. 2-7, Matsue,
Japan (2012).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments GroupSAMURAI Team
1. Abstract

In collaboration with research groups in and outside RIKEN, the team designs, develops and constructs the SAMURAI spectrometerand relevant equipment that are and will be used for reaction experiments using RI beams at RI Beam Factory. The SAMURAI
spectrometer consists of a large superconducting dipole magnet and a variety of detectors to measure charged particles and neutrons. Afterthe commissioning experiment in March 2012, the team prepared and conducted, in collaboration with researchers in individual
experimental groups, the first series of experiments with SAMURAI in May 2012. Then, several numbers of experiments were well
performed until now utilizing the property of SAMURAI. The team also provides basis for research activities by, for example, organizing
collaboration workshops by researchers who are interested in studies or plan to perform experiments with the SAMURAI spectrometer.

2. Major Research Subjects

Design, operation, maintenance and improvement of the SAMURAI spectrometer and its related research instruments. Help andmanagement for SAMURAI-based research programs.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The current research subjects are summarized as follows:(1) Operation, maintenance and improvement of a large superconducting dipole magnet that is the main component of the SAMURAI
spectrometer(2) Design, development and construction of various detectors that are used for nuclear reaction experiments using the SAMURAI
spectrometer.
(3) Preparation for planning experiments using SAMURAI spectrometer.
(4) Maintenance and improvement of the SAMURAI beam line.
(5) Formation of a collaboration platform called "SAMURAI collaboration"

Members
Team Leader
Hideaki OTSU
Visiting Scientist
Bertis Charles RASCO (Louisiana State Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers)
Y. Kondo, T.Nakamura, R.Tanaka, R.Minakata, S.Ogoshi, N.A.Orr, N.L.Achouri, T.Aumann, H.Baba, F.Delaunay, P.Doornenbal, N.Fukuda,
J.Gibelin, J.W.Hwang, N.Inabe, T.Isobe, D.Kameda, D.Kanno, S.Kim, N.Kobayashi, T.Kobayashi, T.Kubo, S.Leblond, J.Lee, F.M.Marques,
T.Motobayashi, D.Murai, T.Murakami, K.Muto, T.Nakashima, N.Nakatsuka, A.Navin, S.Nishi, H.Otsu, H.Sato, Y.Satou, Y.Shimizu,
H.Suzuki, K.Takahashi, H.Takeda, S.Takeuchi, Y.Togano, A.G.Tuff, M.Vandebrouck, K.Yoneda, " Nucleus 26O: A Barely Unbound
System beyond the Drip Line”, Phys. Rev. Lett 116, 102503 (6pages) (2016).
H. Otsu, S. Koyama, N. Chiga, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, M. Kurokawa, W.G. Lynch, T. Motobayashi, T. Murakami, T. Nakamura, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, V. Panin, H. Sato, Y. Shimizu, H. Sakurai, M.B. Tsang, K. Yoneda, H. Wang, “SAMURAI in its operation phase for RIBF”,
NIMB 376, (2016), 175-179.
J. Yasuda, M. Sasano, R.G.T. Zegers, H. Baba, W. Chao, M. Dozono, N. Fukuda, N. Inabe, T. Isobe, G. Jhang, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, E. Milman, T. Motobayashi, H. Otsu, V. Panin, W. Powell, H. Sakai, M. Sako, H. Sato, et al., “Inverse kinematics (p,n)
reactions studies using the WINDS slow neutron detector and the SAMURAI spectrometer”,NIMB 376 (2016), 393-396.
T. Nakamura, Y. Kondo, “Large acceptance spectrometers for invariant mass spectroscopy of exotic nuclei and future developments”, NIMB
376 (2016), 156-161.
(Review)
T. Motobayashi, "Study of weakly bound nuclei at RIKEN RIBF”, Few-Body Systems 57, 337-341 (2016).
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
T. Motobayashi, “Summary”, 12th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2015), June 21-26, 2015, Catania, Italy
V. Panin, “New generation of the experiments for the investigation of the stellar (p,γ) reaction rates using SAMURAI”, Fifth International
Conference on Proton-emitting Nuclei (PROCON2015), , Lanzhou, China, 6-10 July 2015.

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V. Panin, “Progress report on Heavy-Ion-Proton project”, SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop 2015, Wako, Saitama, 7-8
September 2015.
S. Koyama, “Study of cluster degree of freedom in neutron-rich sd-shell nuclei via alpha inelastic scattering”, SAMURAI International
Collaboration Workshop 2015, Wako, Saitama, 7-8 September 2015.
H. Otsu, “Report on Day-two experiments”, SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop 2015, Wako, Saitama, 7-8 September 2015.
M. Sasano, “Study of Gamow-Teller transitions in 132Sn”, International Conference, Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna, Russia,
14-18th July (2015). An invited talk.
M. Sasano, “Gamow-Teller transitions from 132Sn”, Collective motion in nuclei under extreme conditions, Krakow, Poland, 14-18th
September (2015). An invited talk.
H. Otsu, “SAMURAI in its operation phase for RIBF”, International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separator and Related Topics(EMIS 2015), Grand Raipids, MI, US, 11-15th May (2015).
J. Yasuda, “Slow neutron detector WINDS for (p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics with SAMURAI spectrometer”, International Conference on
Electromagnetic Isotope Separator and Related Topics (EMIS 2015), Grand Raipids, MI, US, 11-15th May (2015).
Y. Kubota, “Probing multi-neutron correlation via knockout reaction”, Critical Stability in Few-Body Systems, Saitama, Japan, 26–30th
January (2015).
Y. Kubota, “Direct measurement of two neutron correlation in 11Li via the (p,pn) reaction”, Critical Stability in Few-Body Systems, Saitama,
Japan, 1–5th February (2016).
S. Reichert, "Study of fission barriers in neutron-rich nuclei using the (p,2p) reaction: Status of SAMURAI Experiment NP1306 SAMURAI14"
at DPG Fruehjahrstagung, March 23-27, Heidelberg
S. Reichert, "Fission barrier in n-rich nuclei: Status of SAMURAI Experiment NP1306 SAMURAI14" at RA G Science Day at Max Planck
Institute for Extraterrestic Physics, July 9, Munich
L. Stuhl, “Investigation of spin-isospin collectivity in asymmetric nuclear matter”, 14th CNS International Summer School (CNSS15), Wako,
Saitama, Japan, 26th August – 1st September (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
大津 秀暁、”Particle/Gamma detectors in RIBF”, ELPH 研究会 C10、「素粒子・原子核実験における全吸収型カロリメーターの実例と応用」、
東北大学 ELPH、2015 年 3 月 10 日
V. Panin, “Investigation of key nuclear reactions in the astrophysical rp-process using SAMURAI”, 70th JPS Annual meeting, Tokyo,
Japan, 21-24 March 2015.
Y. Kondo, “Recent experimental studies using SAMURAI at RIBF”, Current Activities and Future Prospects on Unstable Nuclei: Japan-Korea
Exchange Program (JPS meeting), Tohoku gakuin University, 21, March, 2016 (Invited)
笹野 匡紀, 「ノックアウト(p,2p)反応を用いた核分裂閾値エネルギーの測定」、日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会、シンポジウム「重イオン
深部非弾性散乱の基礎と応用」、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 25 日 (招待・シンポジウム講演)
大津 秀暁, “Unbound states in neutron rich nuclei studied at SAMURAI”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会、シンポジウム「ドリップライン近傍のハイパー核と不安定核」、大阪市立大学、2015 年 9 月 27 日 (シンポジウム講演)
Y. Kondo, “Experimental study of unbound oxygen isotopes beyond the drip line”, International Workshop on "Critical Stability in Few-Body
Systems", RIKEN, 4 Feb, 2016 (Invited)
Y. Kondo, “Invariant spectroscopy at RIPS and RIBF”, Physics with Fragment Separators - 25th Anniversary of RIKEN-Projectile Fragment
Separator (RIPS25), Shonan Village center, December 6-7, 2015 (Invited)近藤洋介, “Island of Inversion の南側”, 九大研究会 -中性子過剰領域における弱束縛系の物理- , 九州大学箱崎キャンパス, 2015 年 3 月 9，
10 日 (招待講演)
L. Stuhl, “Around the Nucleus”, JSPS Science Dialogue, Tochigi Prefectural Utsunomiya Girl’s Senior High School, Utsunomiya, Japan, 2ndOctober (2015).
Y. Kubota, "ボロミアン核(p,pn)反応を用いた二中性子運動量相関の研究", 70th JPS meeting, Tokyo, Japan, 25 - 28th March (2015).
Y. Kubota, "ボロミアン核(p,pn)反応を用いた二中性子運動量相関の研究", 71th JPS meeting, Miyagi, Japan, 19 - 22nd March (2016).
Y. Kondo, “Experimental study of unbound oxygen isotopes”, 「実験と観測で解き明かす中性子星の核物質」第 4 回研究会, 湘南国際村セン
ター, 17-18, September, 2015
Y. Kondo, “Report on Day one experiments”, SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop 2015, RIKEN, 7-8, September, 2015
近藤洋介, 中村隆司, Nadia Lynda Achouri, Thomas Aumann, 馬場秀忠, Franck Delaunay, Pieter Doornenbal, 福田直樹, Julien Gibelin,
Jongwon Hwang, 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Sunji Kim, 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Sylvain Leblond, Jenny Lee,
Miguel Marques, 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤琴美, 中嶋丈嘉, 中塚徳継, Alahari Navin, 西征爾郎, 生越駿, Nigel
Andrew Orr, 大津秀暁, 佐藤広海, 佐藤義輝, 清水陽平, 鈴木宏, 高橋賢人, 竹田浩之, 武内聡, 田中隆己, 栂野泰宏, Adam Garry Tuff,
Marine Vandebrouck, 米田健一郎, “非束縛酸素同位体 26O の不変質量核分光”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会 大阪市立大学杉本キャン
パス, 9 月 25 日- 29 日, 2015
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
L. Stuhl, “A new low-energy neutron detector for (p,n) experiments with pulse shape discrimination properties”, Collective motion in nuclei
under extreme conditions, Krakow, Poland, 14-18th September (2015).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments Group
Computing and Network Team$EVWUDFW

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments Group
Detector Team
1. Abstract

This team is in charge of development, fabrication, and operation of various detectors used for nuclear physics experiments at RIBF.
Our current main mission is maintenance and improvement of detectors which are used at BigRIPS separator and its succeeding beam lines
for beam diagnosis and particle identification of RI beams. We are also engaged in R&D of new detectors that can be used forhigher-intensity RI beams. In addition, we are doing the R&D which uses the pelletron accelerator together with other groups.

2. Major Research Subjects

Development, fabrication, and operation of various detectors for nuclear physics experiments, including beam-line detectors which areused for the production and delivery of RI beams (beam diagnosis and particle identification). R&D which uses the pelletron accelerator.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The current research subjects are summarized as follows:(1) Maintenance and improvement of the beam-line detectors which are used at BigRIPS separator and its succeeding beam lines.
(2) Development of new beam-line detectors with radiation hardness and tolerance for higher counting rates(3) Management of the pelletron accelerator and R&D which uses the pelletron

Members
Team Leader
Hiromi SATO (Apr. 1, 2014 –)Research and Technical Scientist
Tokihiro IKEDA (Senior Research Scientist, Oct. 1, 2015 – )Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Yuki SATO ( – Jun. 30, 2015)
Research Consultant
Hiroyuki MURAKAMI
Visiting Scientist
Kohei FUJIWARA (Tokyo Met. Ind. Tech. Res. Inst.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Y. Sato, H. Murakami, “Pulse height decrease in a single-crystal CVD diamond detector”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 54, 096401(2015). *Y. Sato, T. Shimaoka, J.H. Kaneko, H. Murakami, M. Isobe, M. Osakabe, M. Tsubota, K. Ochiai, A. Chayahara, H. Umezawa, S. Shikata,“Radiation hardness of a single crystal CVD diamond detector for MeV energy protons”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research Section A, 784, 147 (2015). *K. Kisamori, S. Shimoura, H. Miya, S. Michimasa, S. Ota, M. Assie, H. Baba, T. Baba, D. Beaumel, M. Dozono, T. Fujii, N. Fukuda, S. Go,F.
Hammache, E. Ideguchi, N. Inabe, M. Itoh, D. Kameda, S. Kawase, T. Kawabata, M. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, T. Kubo, Y. Kubota, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, C.S. Lee, Y. Maeda, H. Matsubara, K. Miki, T. Nishi, S. Noji, S. Sakaguchi, H. Sakai, Y. Sasamoto, M. Sasano, H. Sato,Y. Shimizu, A. Stolz, H. Suzuki, M. Takaki, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, A. Tamii, L. Tang, H. Tokieda, M. Tsumura, T. Uesaka, K. Yako, Y.
Yanagisawa, R. Yokoyama, and K. Yoshida, “Candidate Resonant Tetraneutron State Populated by the He-4 (He-8, Be-8) Reaction”,
Physical Review Letters 116, 052501 (2016). *Y. Kondo, T. Nakamura, R. Tanaka, R. Minakata, S. Ogoshi, N. A. Orr, N. L. Achouri, T. Aumann, H. Baba, F. Delaunay, P. Doornenbal, N.
Fukuda, J. Gibelin, J. W. Hwang, N. Inabe, T. Isobe, D. Kameda, D. Kanno, S. Kim, N. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, T. Kubo, S. Leblond, J.
Lee, F. M. Marqués, T. Motobayashi, D. Murai, T. Murakami, K. Muto, T. Nakashima, N. Nakatsuka, A. Navin, S. Nishi, H. Otsu, H. Sato, Y.
Satou, Y. Shimizu, H. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, Y. Togano, A. G. Tuff, M. Vandebrouck, and K. Yoneda, “Nucleus
O26: A Barely Unbound System beyond the Drip Line”, Physical Review Letters 116, 102503 (2016). *F. Hespeels, R. Tonneau, T. Ikeda, and S. Lucas, “Comparison of experimental and Monte-Carlo simulation of MeV particle transport throughtapered/straight glass capillaries and circular collimators”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 362, 72-79(2015). *- 430 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

W.-G. Jin, T. Minowa, and T. Ikeda, “Transmission of Laser Beam Through Tapered Glass Capillaries for Light Microbeams”, Journal of the
Physical Society of Japan 84, 114301 (2015). *[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Y. Sato, N. Fukuda, H. Takeda, D. Kameda, H. Suzuki, Y. Shimizu, D.S. Ahn, D. Murai, N. Inabe, T. Shimaoka, M. Tsubota, J.H. Kaneko, A.
Chayahara, H. Umezawa, S. Shikata, H. Kumagai, H. Murakami, H. Sato, K. Yoshida, and T. Kubo, “Status of beam line detectors for the
BigRIPS fragment separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory: issues on high rates and resolution”, JPS Conference Proceedings 6, 030124(2015). *J. Yasuda, M. Sasano, R.G.T. Zegers, H. Baba, W. Chao, M. Dozono, N. Fukuda, N. Inabe, T. Isobe, G. Jhang, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, E. Milman, T. Motobayashi, H. Otsu, V. Panin, W. Powell, H. Sakai, M. Sako, H. Sato, Y. Shimizu, L. Stuhl, H. Suzuki, S.
Tangwancharoen, H. Takeda, T. Uesaka, K. Yoneda, J. Zenihiro, T. Kobayashi, T. Sumikama, T. Tako, T. Nakamura, Y. Kondo, Y. Togano,
M. Shikata, J. Tsubota, K. Yako, S. Shimoura, S. Ota, S. Kawase, Y. Kubota, M. Takaki, S. Michimasa, K. Kisamori, C.S. Lee, H. Tokieda,
M. Kobayashi, S. Koyama, N. Kobayashi, T. Wakasa, S. Sakaguchi, A. Krasznahorkay, T. Murakami, N. Nakatsuka, M. Kaneko, Y.
Matsuda, D. Mucher, S. Reichert, D. Bazin, J.W. Lee, “Inverse kinematics (p,n) reactions studies using the WINDS slow neutron detector
and the SAMURAI spectrometer”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 376, 393-396 (2016). *H. Otsu, S. Koyama, N. Chiga, T. Isobe, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, M. Kurokawa, W.G. Lynch, T. Motobayashi, T. Murakami, T. Nakamura, M.
Kurata-Nishimura, V. Panin, H. Sato, Y. Shimizu, H. Sakurai, M.B. Tsang, K. Yoneda, H. Wang, "SAMURAI in its operation phase for RIBF
users", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 376, 175-179 (2016). *Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
Y. Sato, H. Murakami, T. Shimaoka, M. Tsubota, J.H. Kaneko “Single-crystal:
CVD Diamond Detector for Low-Energy Charged Particles with
Energies Ranging from 100 keV to 2 MeV", Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications,(Lisbon Congress Center), Lisbon, Portugal, April (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
H. Sato, and H. Kumagai:“Present status of the PPAC development”, RIBF Users Meeting, (RIKEN Nishina Center), Wako, Japan,
September (2015).
村井大地, 家城和夫, 久保敏幸, 稲辺尚人, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 鈴木宏, 安得順, 清水陽平, 佐藤広海, 佐藤優樹, 日下健祐, 柳澤善行, 大竹政雄, 吉田光一, 大津秀暁, 岩佐直仁, 中村隆, Oleg B. Tarasov, Brad M. Sherrill, Dave J. Morrissey, Hans Geissel: “大強度 48Ca ビームを用いた F 中性子ドリップラインの探索”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会, （大阪大学）, 大阪, 9 月 (2015).
近藤洋介, 中村隆司, Nadia Lynda Achouri, Thomas Aumann, 馬場秀忠, Franck Delaunay, Pieter Doornenbal, 福田直樹, Julien Gibelin,
Jongwon Hwang, 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Sunji Kim, 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Sylvain Leblond, Jenny Lee,
Miguel Marques, 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤琴美, 中嶋丈嘉, 中塚徳継, Alahari Navin, 西征爾郎, 生越駿, Nigel
Andrew Orr, 大津秀暁, 佐藤広海, 佐藤義輝, 清水陽平, 鈴木宏, 高橋賢人, 竹田浩之, 武内聡, 田中隆己, 栂野泰宏, Adam Garry Tuff,
Marine Vandebrouck, 米田健一郎 :“非束縛酸素同位体 26O の不変質量核分光”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会, （大阪大学）, 大阪, 9
月 (2015).
坪田潤一, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Nadia Lynda Achouri, Thomas Aumann, 馬場秀忠, Franck Delaunay, Pieter Doornenbal, 福田直樹,
JulienGibelin, Jongwon Hwang, 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Sunji Kim, 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, SylvainLeblond,
Jenny Lee, Miguel Marques, 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤琴美, 中嶋丈嘉, 中塚徳継, Alahari Navin, 西征爾郎, 生越駿,
Nigel Andrew Orr, 大津秀暁, 佐藤広海, 佐藤義輝, 清水陽平, 鈴木宏, 高橋賢人, 竹田浩之, 武内聡, 田中隆己, 栂野泰宏, Adam Garry
Tuff, Marine Vandebrouck, 米田健一郎:“26F の不変質量核分光”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会, （大阪大学）, 大阪, 9 月 (2015).
大田晋輔, 銭廣十三, 竹田浩之, 堂園昌伯, 今井伸明, 木佐森慶一, 清川裕, 小林幹, 松下昌史, 増岡翔一朗, 道正新一郎, 下浦享, 渡辺珠以,
矢向謙太郎, 山口勇貴, AHN DeukSoon, 馬場秀忠, 福田直樹, 稲辺尚人, 久保敏幸, 村井大地, 大津秀暁, 佐藤広海, 佐藤優樹, 鈴木宏,
上坂友洋, 吉田光一:“理研 RIBF BigRIPS における大強度不安定核ビームの粒子識別の開発”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会, （大阪大学）, 大阪, 9 月 (2015).
金岡裕志, 小田原厚子, R. Lozeva, C. Moon, 八木彩祐未, 方一帆, 大道理恵, 西畑洸希, P. Lee, 下田正, 西村俊二, P. Doornenbal, G.
Lorusso, 炭竃聡之, 渡辺寛, P. S derstr m, J. Wu, F. Brown, Z.Y. Xu, 横山輪, 磯部忠昭, 馬場秀忠, 櫻井博儀, 鈴木宏, 稲辺尚人, 亀田大輔, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 安得順, 清水陽平, 佐藤広海, 久保敏幸, 石垣知樹, 森本翔太, 井手口栄治, 小松原哲郎, 新倉潤, 西塚一平, C.S.
Lee, and the EURICA collaborators:“中性子過剰な親核 I のβ崩壊による中性子過剰な娘核 Xe の研究”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会,（大阪大学）, 大阪, 9 月 (2015).
八木彩祐未, 小田原厚子, R. Lozeva, C. Moon, 方一帆, 大道理恵, 西畑洸希, 金岡裕志, P. Lee, 下田正, 西村俊二, P. Doornenbal, G.
Lorusso, 炭竃聡之, 渡辺寛, P. S derstrm, J. Wu, F, F. Brown, Z.Y. Xu, 横山輪, 磯部忠昭, 馬場秀忠, 櫻井博儀, 鈴木宏, 稲辺尚人, 亀田
大輔, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 安得順, 清水陽平, 佐藤広海, 久保敏幸, 石垣知樹, 森本翔太, 井手口栄治, 小松原哲郎, 新倉潤, 西塚一平,
C.S. Lee, and the EURICA collaborators:“N=90 近傍の中性子過剰な Xe と Cs 同位体の研究”, 日本物理学会 2015 年秋季大会, （大阪大学）, 大阪, 9 月 (2015).
小山俊平, 大津秀暁, 清水陽平, 米田健一郎, 佐藤広海, 本林透, 西村美月, 銭廣十三, 櫻井博儀, 武内聡, 磯部忠昭, 馬場秀忠, 日下健祐,
大西純一, 笹野匡紀, P. Doornenbal, 福田直樹, 小林俊雄, 炭竈聡之, 松田洋平, 佐藤義輝, J. Hwang, 近藤洋介, 中村隆司, 栂野泰宏, 南方亮吾, 生越駿, 村上哲也, 中塚徳継, J. Gibelin, L. Sylvain, 新倉潤, 小林信之, H. Liu, J. Lee, E. Nikolskii, 坂口聡志, D. Beaumel:“不変質量法を用いた 16C のクラスター状態の研究”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, （東北学院大学）, 仙台, 3 月 (2016).
久保田悠樹, Anna Corsi, 笹野匡紀, 上坂友洋, Alexandre Obertelli, Clementine Santamaria, Emanuel Pollacco, 銭廣十三, 堂園昌伯, 大田晋輔, 時枝紘史, 川瀬頌一郎, Tang Tsz Leung, 高木基伸, 木佐森慶一, 李清秀, 矢向謙太郎, 小林幹, 小林俊雄, 長谷川邦彦, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, 栂野泰宏, 四方瑞紀, 坪田潤一, 齊藤敦美, 米田健一郎, 佐藤広海, 大津秀暁, 清水陽平, 本林透, Pieter Doornenbal, 馬場秀忠,
磯部忠昭, 松下昌史, 安田淳平, 坂口聡, 小林信之, Valerie Lapoux, Alain Gillibert, 酒向正己, 進藤佑輔, 田端心海, 大倉綾華, Laszlo Stuhl,
Zeren Korkulu, 清川裕, 鈴木大介, Freddy Flavigny, Julien Gibelin, Nigel Orr, Marques Miguel, Zaihong Yang, 金谷佳尚, 川上駿介:“ボロミアン核(p,pn)反応を用いた二中性子運動量相関の研究”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, （東北学院大学）, 仙台, 3 月 (2016).
村井大地, 家城和夫, 久保敏幸, 稲辺尚人, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 鈴木宏, 安得順, 清水陽平, 佐藤広海, 佐藤優樹, 日下健祐, 柳澤善行, 大竹政雄, 吉田光一, 大津秀暁, 岩佐直仁, 中村隆司, Oleg B. Tarasov, Brad M. Sherrill, Dave J. Morrissey, Hans Geissel:“大強度 48Ca ビー- 431 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

ムを用いた中性子ドリップライン探索 II”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, （東北学院大学）, 仙台, 3 月 (2016).
安田淳平, 笹野匡紀, R.G.T. Zegars, 馬場秀明, W. Chao, 福田直樹, 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠明, G. Jhang, 亀田大輔, 久保敏幸, 西村美月, E.
Milman, 本林透, 大津秀暁, V. Panin, W. Powell, 酒井英行, 酒向正巳, 佐藤広海, 清水陽平, L. Stuhl, 鈴木宏, S. Tangwancharoen, 竹田
浩之, 上坂友洋, 米田健一郎, 銭廣十三, 小林俊雄, 炭竈聡之, 田高義, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, 栂野泰宏, 四方瑞紀, 坪田潤一, 矢向謙太郎,
下浦享, 大田晋輔, 川瀬頌一郎, 久保田悠樹, 高木基伸, 道正新一郎, 木佐森慶一, 李清秀, 時枝紘史, 堂園昌伯, 小林幹, 小山俊平, 小林
信之, 若狭智嗣, 坂口聡, A. Krasznahorkay, 村上哲也, 中塚徳継, 金子雅紀, 松田洋平, D. Mucher, S. Reichert, D. Bazin, J.W. Lee:
“132Sn(p,n)反応によるガモフテラー遷移の研究”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, （東北学院大学）, 仙台, 3 月 (2016).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
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0HPEHUV *URXS'LUHFWRU7RPRNR$%(- 433 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Applications Research GroupIon Beam Breeding Team
1. Abstract

Ion beam breeding team studies various biological effects of fast heavy ions. It also develops new technique to breed plants andmicrobes by heavy-ion irradiations. Fast heavy ions can produce dense and localized ionizations in matters along their tracks, in contrast to
photons (X rays and gamma rays) which produce randomly distributed isolated ionizations. These localized and dense ionization can cause
double-strand breaks of DNA which are not easily repaired and result in mutation more effectively than single-strand breaks. A uniquefeature of our experimental facility at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC) is that we can irradiate living tissues in atmosphere since thedelivered heavy-ion beams have energies high enough to penetrate deep in matter. This team utilizes a dedicated beam line (E5B) of the
RRC to irradiate microbes, plants and animals with beams ranging from carbon to iron. Its research subjects cover physiological study of
DNA repair, genome analyses of mutation, and development of mutation breeding of plants by heavy-ion irradiation. Some new cultivars
have already been brought to the market.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Study on the biological effects by heavy-ion irradiation
Study on the molecular nature of DNA alterations induced by heavy-ion irradiation
Innovative applications of heavy-ion beams

3. Summary of Research Activity

We study biological effects of fast heavy ions from the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron using 135A MeV C, N, Ne ions, 95A MeV Ar ions and
90A MeV Fe ions. We also develop breeding technology of microbes and plants. Main subjects are:(1) Study on the biological effects by heavy-ion irradiation
Heavy-ion beam deposits a concentrated amount of dose at just before stop with severely changing the linear energy transfer (LET).
The peak of LET is achieved at the stopping point and known at the Bragg peak (BP). It is well known to be good for cancer therapy toadjust the BP to target malignant cells. On the other hand, a uniform dose distribution is a key to the systematic study for heavy-ion
mutagenesis, and thus to the improvement of the mutation efficiency. Therefore plants and microbes are treated using ions with stable LET.
We investigated the effect of LET ranging from 23 to 640 keV/μm, on mutation induction using dry seeds of the model plants Arabidopsis
thaliana. The most effective LET (LETmax) was 30 keV/μm. LETmax irradiations showed the same mutation rate as that by chemicalmutagens, which typically cause high mutation rate. The LETmax of imbibed rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds and dry wheat (Triticum
monococcum) seeds were shown to be 50-63 keV/μm and 50 keV/μm, respectively. In the case of microbe (Mesorhizobium lothi), theresults showed a higher incidence of deletion mutations for Fe ions at 640 KeV/μm than for C ions at 23-40 keV/μm. Thus, the LET is an
important factor to be considered in heavy-ion mutagenesis.
(2) Study on the molecular nature of DNA alterations induced by heavy-ion irradiation
Detailed analyses on the molecular nature of DNA alterations have been reported as an LET-dependent effect for induced mutation.
The most mutations were deletions ranging from a few to several tens of base pairs (bp) in the Arabidpsis mutants induced by irradiation
with C ions at 30 keV/μm and rice mutants induced by irradiation with C ions at 50 keV/μm or Ne ions at 63 keV/μm. LETmax is effective
for breeding because of its very high mutation frequency. Since most mutations are small deletions, these are sufficient to disrupt a single
gene. Thus, irradiation can efficiently generate knockout mutants of a target gene, and can be applied to reverse genetics. On the other hand,
irradiation with Ar ions at 290 keV/μm showed a mutation spectrum different from that at LETmax: the proportion of small deletions (<1kbp) was low, while that of large deletions ranging from several to several tens of kbp, and rearrangements was high. Many genes in the
genome (> 10%) are composed of tandem duplicated genes that share functions. For knockout of the tandem duplicated genes, large
deletions are required, and the appropriate deletion size is estimated to be around 5-10 kbp and 10-20 kbp based on the gene density in
Arabidpsis and rice, respectively. No method is currently available to efficiently generate deletion mutants of this size. As such, higher LET
irradiation is promising as a new mutagen suitable for the functional analysis of tandem duplicated genes.
(3) Innovative application of heavy-ion beams
158 groups fromWe have formed a consortium for ion-beam breeding. It consisted of 24 groups in 1999, in 2015, it consisted of 180
Japan and 15
fromoverseas.
overseas.Breeding
Breedingwas
wasperformed
performedpreviously
previously using
using mainly
mainly flowers
flowers andand ornamental
ornamental plants.
plants. We
We havehave recently put a new
8 fromJapanese barnyard millet cultivar with low amylose content and short culm, ‘Nebarikko No. 2’ on the market. Beneficial variants have beengrown for various plant species, such as high yield rice, semi-dwarf early rice, semi-dwarf buckwheat, semi-dwarf barley, hypoallergenic
peanut, spineless oranges, non-flowering Eucalyptus and lipids-hyperaccumulating unicellular alga. We collaborate with Miyagi prefecture
and Tohoku University to breed salt-resistant lines in the more delicious commercial rice varieties, ‘Hitomebore’ and ‘Manamusume’.
Imbibed seeds were irradiated with the LETmax (C-ions) on 16 April, 2011. We isolated 73 candidate lines of salt-resistant mutants from719 M2 progenies grown in the saline paddy field in Tohoku University in 2012. From these, we selected 12 salt-resistant M3 lines in 2013
and 4 M4 lines in 2014. The target of heavy-ion breeding is extended from flowers to crops like grains so that it will contribute to solve theglobal problems of food and environment.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Members
Team Leader
Tomoko ABE (concurrent: Group Director, Accelerator Applications Research Gr.)
Research & Technical Scientist
Kazuhide TSUNEIZUMI (Senior Research Scientist)
Masako IZUMI (Senior Research Scientist)
Teruyo TSUKADA (Senior Research Scientist)
Katsunori ICHINOSE (Senior Technical Scientist)

Hiroshi ABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Ryouhei MORITA (Technical Scientist)
Tokihiro IKEDA (Senior Research Scientist, – Sep. 30, 2015:
concurrent, Oct. 1, 2015 – )Contract Researchers
Hiroyuki ICHIDA (Feb. 1, 2015 –)Yusuke KAZAMA

Postdoctoral Researcher
Kotaro ISHIITechnical Staff I
Yoriko HAYASHI
Motoko MURAKAMI (Apr. 1, 2014 – Mar. 31, 2016)

Yuki SHIRAKAWA (May 1, 2015 –)Technical Staff II
Sumie OHBU
Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher
Reka BERECZKY (– Mar. 31, 2016)
Research Consultants
Tadashi SATO ( – Mar. 31, 2015)

Masahiro MII

Part-time Workers
Hideo TOKAIRIN
Yuki SHIRAKAWA (– Apr. 30, 2015)
Sachiko KOGURE (Apr. 15, 2014 –)Taeko WAKANA

Mieko YAMADA
Satoko YASUDA (– Mar. 31, 2015)
Haruka WATANABE (– Sep. 18, 2015)

Visiting Scientist
Makoto FUJIWARA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Masao WATANABE (Tohoku Univ.)
Hisashi TSUJIMOTO (Tottori Univ.)
Yutaka MIYAZAWA (Tohoku Univ.)
Toshinari GODO (Botanic Gardens Toyama)
Masanori TOMITA (CRIEPI)
Toshikazu MORISHITA (Nat’l. Inst. Agric. Res.)
Hiroyuki ICHIDA (Stanford Univ.)
Koji MURAI (Fukui Pref. Univ.)
Hinako TAKEHISA (Nat’l. Inst. Agric. Sci.)
Akiko HOKURA (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Norihiro OHTSUBO (Natl. Inst. Floricult. Sci.)

Eitaro FUKATSU (Forestry and Forest Products Res. Inst.)
Tomonari HIRANO (Univ. of Miyazaki)
Yoichi SATO (Riken Food Co., Ltd.)Ali FERJANI (Tokyo Gakugei Univ.)
In-Ja SONG (Jeju Nat’l University)
Katsutomo SASAKI (Nat’l Agric. and Food Res. Org.)
Kunio SUZUKI (Technoflora, Co., Ltd.)
Kazumitsu MIYOSHI (Akita Pref. Univ.)
Makoto UBUKATA (Hokkaido Univ.)
Akihiro IWASE (Osaka Pref. Univ.)
Tadashi SATO (Tohoku Univ.)

Visiting Technicians
Takuji YOSHIDA (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.)
Tomojirou KOIDE (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.)

Yutaka ITOH (Riken Food Co., Ltd.)
Keiji IKEDA (KK SeaAct)

Research Fellows
Naoji WAKITA (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station)
Kyousuke NIWA (Hyogo Pref. Res. Inst.)
Miyuki NISHI (Saga Agric. Experiment Station)
Tadahito OOTUBO (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station)
Shunsuke IMANISHI (Natl. Inst.Veg. and Tea Sci.)

Tomihiro TAKESHITA (Wadomari Cho)
Humio SUGAMURA (Wadomari Cho)
Hiroshi ASATO (Wadomari Cho)
Kenji OOYOSHI (Wadomari Cho)
Yoshiharu TAKE (Wadomari Cho)

Student Trainees
Fumitaka YAMAGISHI (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Fumitaka TAMEZAWA (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Kentaro FUJITA (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Kana MIYOSHI (Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Takuto TAKAHASHI (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Yu IMAMURA (Tokyo Denki Univ.)

Hiroki ISHIKAWA (Sophia Univ.)
Mao SUZUKI (Sophia Univ.)
Shun SASAKI (Sophia Univ.)
Kazuki TAKANASHI (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Koichi NAMBU (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Naoko HIROSE (Tokyo Denki Univ.)- 435 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)
Takuya NISHINOBO (Tokyo Denki Univ.)

Junki SHIRAKAWA (Chiba Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Kojima T., Ikeda T.，Kanai Y.，Yamazaki Y.: “Ion guiding in curved glass capillaries”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B
354, 16-19 (2015). *JimW.G., Minowa T., Ikeda T.: “Transmission of Laser Beam Through Tapered Glass Capillaries for Light Microbeams”, Journal of the
Physical Society of Japan 84, 114301/1-5 (2015). *Hespeels F., Tonneau R., Ikeda T., Lucas S.: “Comparison of experimental and Monte-Carlo simulation of MeV particle transport throughtapered/straight glass capillaries and circular collimators”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: BeamInteractions with Materials and Atoms 362, 72-79 (2015). *Fujiwara M.T., Kojo K.H., Kazama Y., Sasaki S., Abe T., Itoh R.D.: “The Arabidopsis minE mutation causes new plastid and FtsZ1 localization
phenotypes in the leaf epidermis”, Front. Plant Sci. 6, Article 823 (2015).*
Fitzgerald T. L., Powell J. J., Stiller J., Weese T. L., Abe T., Zhao G., Jia J., McIntyre C. L., Li Z.i, Manners J. M., Kazan K.,: ”An assessmentof heavy ion irradiation mutagenesis for reverse genetics in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”, PLoS ONE 10, e0117369 (2015).*
本田真央, 北島信行, 阿部知子, 梅村知也, 保倉明子: “放射光蛍光 X 線分析を用いるモエジマシダ(Pteris vittata L.)におけるクロム蓄積機構の解明”, 分析化学 64, 801-810 (2015). *内海好規, 櫻井哲也, 石谷学, 内海稚佳子, 阿部知子, 平野智也, 武井良郎, Ha V. T., Le H. H., Nguyen D. V., Nguyen V. A., Triwitayakorn K.,
Narangajavana J., 関原明: “熱帯の塊根モデル植物キャッサバ”, 植物の生長調節 50, 118-124(2015). *Kazama Y., Ishii K., Aonuma W., Ikeda T., Kawamoto H., Koizumi A., D. A. Filatov, M. Chibalina, R. Bergero, D. Charlesworth, Abe T.,
Kawano S.: “A new physical mapping approach refines the sex-determining gene positions on the Silene latifolia Y-chromosome”, Sci.Rep.
6, Article No.18917 (2016). *Katano M., Takahashi K., Hirano T., Kazama Y., Abe T., Tsukaya H., Ferjani A.: “Suppressor Screen and Phenotype Analyses Revealed an
Emerging Role of the Monofunctional Peroxisomal Enoyl-CoA Hydratase 2 in Compensated Cell Enlargement”, Front. Plant Sci. 7, Article
132 (2016). *(Review)
阿部知子: “重イオンビームを用いた生物研究の新領域開拓―Mutagenesis から Mutagenomics へ―”, Isotope News 733, 2-6 (2015).
内藤健, 高橋有, 山内卓樹, 福島健児, 風間裕介, 江崎文一, 友岡憲彦: “ワイルドはセクシーだ！”, 育種学研究 17, 64-70 (2015).
Abe T., Kazama Y., Hirano T.: “Ion beam breeding and gene discovery for function analyses using mutants”, Nuclear Physics News 25, 30-35(2015).
[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Nishiura A., Kazama Y., Abe T., Mizuno N., Nasuda S., Murai K.: “Extra Early-Flowering(exe)Early-Flowering(exe) Mutants in Einkorn Wheat Generated by
Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation”, Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field:Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics
Symposium, p.175-180 (2015). *Fukunishi N., Fujimaki M., Komiyama M., Kumagai K., Maie T., Watanabe Y., Hirano T. and Abe T.: "New High-Energy Beam Transport Line
Dedicated to Biological Applications in RIKEN RI Beam Factory", 13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology,
ISBN 978-3-95450-131-1(2015).
[Book]
阿部知子: “イオンビーム育種”, 放射化学の事典 p.312 朝倉書店 (2015).
[Others]
泉雅子: “Radiation Quantities and Units” Effects of Radiation on Human Body, Chapter 1, 2, 公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会 (2015).
Oral Presentations(Domestic Conference)
遠藤幸子, 齋藤裕太郎, 島貫源基, 阿部篤智, 阿部知子: “食用ぎく新品種「山園 K４号」の特性”, 第 58 回東北農業試験研究発表会, 山形, 7
月 (2015).
風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 池田時浩, Filatov D., Chibalina M. , Bergero R., Charlesworth D., 河野重行, 阿部知子: “ヒロハノマンテマ Y 染色体の構造解析と組換え抑制領域の欠失マッピングプログラム DelMapper の開発”, 日本植物学会第 79 回大会, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 石井公太郎, 大部澄江, 白川侑希, 阿部知子: “シロイヌナズナで明らかにした重イオンビームのＬＥＴ効果～変異率と変異スペクトラムについて～”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
林依子, 森田竜平, 一瀬勝紀, 臼田祥子, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “イネにおける重イオンビーム変異誘発の最適化”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
森田竜平, 市田裕之, 石井公太郎, 一瀬勝紀, 林依子, 白川侑希, 齊藤大樹, 奥本裕, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “放射線照射で誘発したイネ変異遺伝子同定の迅速化”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
平野智也, 高城啓一, 星野洋一郎, 阿部知子: “雄性配偶子における重イオンビーム誘発 DNA 損傷応答”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
市田裕之, 阿部知子: “超並列 PC クラスタを利用したイネエキソーム情報解析と全ゲノムを対象とした変異検出への応用”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
石井公太郎, 風間裕介, 池田時浩, 川元寛章, 河野重行, 阿部知子: “重イオンビーム照射による巨大欠失を利用して組換え抑制領域をマッピングする”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
岡本充智, 古谷雅司, 中村茂和, 濱崎櫻, 山家一哲, 永嶋友香, 渡村加奈子, 阿部知子: “ブラッドオレンジにおける重イオンビーム照射個体の変異比較”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
小林康志, 二宮泰造, 奥定丈博, 阿部知子: “温州みかんにおける重イオンビーム照射が果実品質と接ぎ木活着に及ばす影響”, ＳＩＰ新しい- 436 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
村井耕二, 北川哲, 黒坂真素美, 風間裕介, 阿部知子: “2 倍体コムギにおける重イオンビーム処理条件と早生性変異の関係”, ＳＩＰ新しい育種技術２系／３系突然変異グループ合同ワークショップ, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
森田竜平, 中川繭, 臼田祥子, 一瀬勝紀, 林依子, 東海林英夫, 竹久妃奈子, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “重イオンビーム照射で誘発したイネ
virescent 変異体の原因遺伝子同定”, 日本育種学会第 128 回講演会, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
北川哲, 西浦愛子, 水野信之, 那須田周平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 村井耕二: “イオンビーム照射による超極早生変異体 (exe2) の日長反応性関連遺伝子の発現解析”, 日本育種学会第 128 回講演会, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
福西暢尚, 佐藤陽一, 市田裕之, 阿部知子, 平野智也: “三陸における特産海藻類の品種改良技術開発と新品種育成に関する拠点形成”, 東日
本大震災からの復興・再生に向けた新たな水産業の創成につながる新技術開発, 仙台, 9 月 (2015).
風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “巡回セールスマン問題を用いた植物型巨大 Y 染色体のマッピング”, 日本遺伝学会第 87 回大会,
仙台, 9 月 (2015).
加藤雅博, 正村典也, 正野仁慈, 岡本大作, 上山雅恵, 阿部知子, 今井真介: “涙の出ない、辛みのないタマネギの作出と特性解析”, 第 30 回日
本香辛料研究会学術講演会, 京都, 12 月 (2015).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 大田修平, 佐藤陽一, 村井耕二, 河野重行, 小野克徳, 阿部知子: “重イオンビームによるグリーンイノベーションの創出”, 近畿作物・育種研究会公開シンポジウム 変異創成技術の現状と未来, 京都, 12 月 (2015).
山崎誠和, 鴻巣絵梨香, 武田行平, 竹下毅, 平田愛子, 大田修平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “硫黄飢餓におけるクロレラの脂質とデンプンの蓄積動態”, 第 57 回日本植物生理学会年会, 盛岡, 3 月 (2016).
北川哲, Mo L.T., 水野信之, 那須田周平, 藤田直子, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 村井耕二: “一粒系コムギの新規極早生突然変異体 extra
early-flowering 5 (exe5) の RNA-seq 解析”, 日本育種学会 第 129 回講演会, 横浜, 3 月 (2016).
Posters Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Ishii K., Kazama Y., Hirano T., Hamada M., Ono Y., Abe T.: “Pipeline for whole-genome analysis of heavy-ion-induced mutants in Arabidopsis
thaliana”, The 26th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (ICAR 2015), Paris, France, July (2015).
Kazama Y., Hirano T., Ishii K., Ohbu S., Shirakawa Y., Abe T.: “Comprehensive characterization of genomic rearrangement in heavy-ion
induced Arabidopsis mutants by wholegenome resequencing”, The 26th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research (ICAR 2015),
Paris, France, July (2015).
(Domestic Conference)
石井公太郎, 風間裕介, 平野智也, 白川侑希, 大部澄江, 山田美恵子, 若菜妙子, 阿部知子: “重イオンビーム誘発欠失変異体集団を用いたシ
ロイヌナズナ必須染色体領域のマッピング”, 日本育種学会第 128 回講演会, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
林依子, 森田竜平, 一瀬勝紀, 臼田祥子, 東海林英夫, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “高 LET イオンビーム照射によるイネの突然変異誘発効果”, 日本育種学会第 128 回講演会, 新潟, 9 月 (2015).
佐々木駿, 石川浩樹, 加賀谷奨, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 伊藤竜一, 藤原誠: “シロイヌナズナ花粉色素体の増殖制御機構の解析”, 日本農芸化学会関東支部 2015 年度支部大会, 東京, 9 月 (2015).
石川浩樹, 佐々木駿, 鈴木麻央, 平野智也, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 伊藤竜一, 藤原誠: “シロイヌナズナ花粉発生過程における色素体増殖の解析”, 日本農芸化学会関東支部 2015 年度支部大会, 東京, 9 月 (2015).
山﨑誠和, 鴻巣絵梨香, 竹下毅, 大田修平, 平田愛子, 風間 裕介, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “微細緑藻 Parachlorella kessleri のシステイン要求性
変異体はオイルとデンプンの蓄積動態に異常を示す”, 第 67 回日本生物工学会大会, 鹿児島, 10 月 (2015).
北川哲, 西浦愛子, 水野信之, 那須田周平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 村井耕二: “イオンビーム照射による超極早生変異体(exe2)の日長反応性関(exe2)連遺伝子の発現解析”, 第 8 回 北陸合同バイオシンポジウム, 石川, 10 月 (2015).
遠藤貴司, 佐伯研一, 佐藤浩子, 中込佑介, 阿部知子, 佐藤雅志, 鳥山欽也: “重イオンビーム照射による塩害耐性イネの開発”, 第 10 回東北育種研究集会, 仙台, 11 月 (2015).
佐藤雅志, 阿部知子, 鳥山欽哉: “重イオンビーム照射処理によるインドネシア在来イネの早生化変異体作出へのアプローチ”, 第 10 回東北育種研究集会, 仙台, 11 月 (2015).
風間智彦, 阿部知子, 鳥山欽哉: “細胞質雄性不稔イネへの変異原処理による稔性回復復帰変異体スクリーニングの試み”, 第 10 回東北育種研究集会, 仙台, 11 月 (2015).
(exe2)
北川哲, 西浦愛子, 水野信之, 那須田周平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 村井耕二: “イオンビーム照射による一粒系コムギ超極早生変異体（exe2）の花成関連遺伝子の発現パターン解析”, 第 10 回ムギ類研究会, 伊勢, 12 月 (2015).
Mo L.T., 北川哲, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 水野信之, 那須田周平, 藤田直子, 村井耕二: “イオンビーム照射による一粒系コムギの新規極早生突然変異体 extra early-flowering 5 (exe 5) の解析”, 第 10 回ムギ類研究会, 伊勢, 12 月 (2015).
佐藤陽一, 平野智也, 村上素子, 伊藤泰, 最上谷美穂, 佐々木直子, 菅原美加, 市田裕之, 福西暢尚, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “重イオンビーム育種技術を用いた三陸産ワカメの優良系統開発”, 日本藻類学会第 40 回大会, 東京, 3 月 (2016).
澤田倫平, 平野智也, 飯牟禮和彦, 阿部知子, 尾崎行生: “レタス(Lactuca sativa L.)プロトプラストへのイオンビーム照射によって出現した
低ポリフェノールオキシターゼ活性を示す突然変異体”, 園芸学会 平成 28 年度春季大会, 厚木, 3 月 (2016).
石川浩樹, 佐々木駿, 平野智也, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 伊藤竜一, 藤原誠: “シロイヌナズナ花粉体細胞分裂時における色素体の増殖”, 日本農芸化学会 2016 年度大会, 札幌, 3 月 (2016).
佐々木駿, 石川浩樹, 鈴木麻央, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 伊藤竜一, 藤原誠: “シロイヌナズナにおける花粉色素体増殖の遺伝的制御解析”, 日本
農芸化学会 2016 年度大会, 札幌, 3 月 (2016).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Applications Research GroupRI Applications Team
1. Abstract

The RI Applications Team develops production technologies of radioisotopes (RIs) at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) for application
studies in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, medicine, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences. We use the RIs
mainly for nuclear and radiochemical studies such as RI production and superheavy element chemistry. The purified RIs such as 65Zn and
109Cd are delivered to universities and institutes through Japan Radioisotope Association. We also develop new technologies of mass
spectrometry for the trace-element analyses using accelerator technology and apply them to the research fields such as cosmochemistry,
environmental science, archaeology and so on. We also develop chemical materials for ECR ion sources of heavy-ion accelerators in RIBF.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Research and development of RI production technology at RIBF
(2) RI application researches(3) Development of trace element and isotope analyses using accelerator techniques and its applications to geoscience and environmental
science(4) Development of chemical materials for ECR ion sources of heavy-ion accelerators in RIBF

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Research and development of RI production technology at RIBF and RI application studies
Due to its high sensitivity, the radioactive tracer technique has been successfully applied for investigations of the behavior of elementsin the fields of chemistry, biology, engineering, medicine, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences. We have been developing
production technologies of useful radiotracers at RIBF and conducted their application studies in collaboration with many researchers invarious fields. With 14-MeV proton, 24-MeV deuteron, and 50-MeV alpha beams from the AVF cyclotron, we presently produce about 30
radiotracers from 7Be to 211At. Among them, 65Zn, 85Sr, 88Y, and 109Cd are delivered to Japan Radioisotope Association for fee-based
distribution to the general public in Japan. On the other hand, radionuclides of a large number of elements are simultaneously produced
from metallic targets such as natTi, natAg, natHf, and 197Au irradiated with a 135-MeV nucl.–1 14N beam from the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron.
These multitracers are also supplied to universities and institutes as collaborative researches.
In 2014–2015, we developed production technologies of radioisotopes such as 28Mg, 48,51Cr, 44Ti, 67Cu, 75Se, 95mTc, 121mTe, 181W, 182Ta,
183,184m,184gRe, 191Pt, and 211At which were strongly demanded but lack supply sources in Japan. We also investigated the excitation
functions for the 27Al(α,x), natTi(α,x), natCu(α,x), natGe(α,x), natZr(α,x), natMo(d,x), natCd(α,x), 116Cd(α,x), natPd(α,x), natCe(d,x), natSm(d,x),
159Tb(d,x), natHo(α,x), 169Tm(d,x), natLu(p,x), natLu(d,x), natTa(p,x), natTa(d,x), natW(d,x), and natPt(d,x) reactions to quantitatively produce
useful RIs. We used radiotracers of 139Ce for application studies in chemistry, 65Zn, 67Cu, 88Y, 191Pt, and 211At in nuclear medicine, 88,89Zr,
95Nb, 175Hf, and 177Ta in geochemistry, and 85Sr and 121mTe in environmental science. We also produced 65Zn, 85Sr, 88Y, and 109Cd for ourscientific researches on a regular schedule and supplied the surpluses through Japan Radioisotope Association to the general public. In
2014–2015, we have accepted 10 orders of 65Zn with a total activity of 59 MBq, 1 order of 85Sr with 1 MBq, 2 orders of 88Y with 2 MBq,
and 6 orders of 109Cd with 26 MBq.
(2) Superheavy element chemistry
Chemical characterization of newly-discovered superheavy elements (SHEs, atomic numbers Z ≥ 104) is an extremely interesting andchallenging subject in modern nuclear and radiochemistry. We are developing SHE production systems as well as rapid single-atomchemistry apparatuses at RIBF. Using heavy-ion beams from RILAC and AVF, 261Rf (Z = 104), 262Db (Z = 105), and 265Sg (Z = 106) areproduced in the 248Cm(18O,5n)261Rf, 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db, and 248Cm(22Ne,5n)265Sg reactions, respectively, and their chemical properties areinvestigated.
We have been developing a gas-jet transport system at the focal plane of the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS at RILAC. Thissystem is a promising approach for exploring new frontiers in SHE chemistry: (i) the background radioactivities of unwanted reaction
products are strongly suppressed, (ii) the intense beam is absent in the gas-jet chamber and hence high gas-jet efficiency is achieved, and(iii) the beam-free condition also allows for investigations of new chemical systems. In 2014–2015, the isotope of element 107 266Bh was
produced in the 248Cm(23Na,5n)266Bh reaction, and its decay properties were investigated using the rotating wheel apparatus MANON for
α/SF spectrometry. Toward the SHE chemistry behind GARIS, we developed a gas-chromatograph apparatus directly coupled to GARIS,
which enabled in-situ complexation and gas-chromatographic separation of a large variety of volatile compounds of SHEs. Toward aqueous
chemistry of the heaviest elements such as Sg and Bh, we have started to develop a new rapid chemistry apparatus which consists of acontinuous dissolution apparatus Membrane DeGasser (MDG), a Flow Solvent Extractor (FSE), and a flow liquid scintillation detector for
α/SF-spectrometry. The performance of MDG and FSE were investigated using 92,94mTc and 181Re produced in the natMo(d,xn) andnatW(d,xn) reactions, respectively, at AVF.
At AVF, the distribution coefficients (Kd) of 261Rf on the Aliquat 336 resin were measured in HCl with the AutoMated Batch-typesolid-liquid Extraction apparatus for Repetitive experiments of transactinides (AMBER) in collaboration with Osaka Univ. The extraction
behavior of 89mZr and 173Hf in the Aliquat 336/HCl system was investigated for Rf chemistry with the flow-type liquid-liquid extraction
apparatus. The reversed-phase TTA extraction chromatography of 261Rf and its homologues 85Zr and 169Hf was conducted in HF/HNO3
using the Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus (ARCA) in collaboration with Niigata Univ. and JAEA. The reversed-phase extraction- 438 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

chromatography of 90gNb and 178aTa in Aliquat 336/HF and the anion-exchange chromatography of 90gNb and 178aTa in HF/HNO3 were also
conducted with ARCA for chemical studies of Db. We also used radiotracers of 88,89mZr, 95Nb, 93mMo, 95mTc, 173,175Hf, 178a,179Ta, 177,179m,181W,
and 183Re for model experiments of SHEs.
(3) Development of trace element analysis using accelerator techniques and its application to geoscience and archaeologicalresearch fields
We developed a new mass spectrometry technology for trace element analyses as an application of accelerator technology to various
fields such as cosmochemistry, environmental science, and archaeology. ECRIS-AMS is a new type of accelerator mass spectrometry at
RILAC equipped with an ECR ion source. This system is available for measuring trace elements (10–14–10–15 level) and is expected to be
especially effective for measurements of low-electron-affinity elements such as 26Al, 41Ca, and 53Mn. In 2014–2015, we have renovated thedetection system and examined the sensitivity and mass resolution power. We also attempted to develop another technology by customizing
a mass spectrometer equipped with a stand-alone ECR ion source for analyses of elemental and isotopic abundances. Especially, we
equipped a laser-ablation system with an ion source to achieve high-resolution analysis.
Using the conventional ICP-MS, TIMS, IRMS and so on, we also examined the origin of burials from ancient tombs and ruins. We arechallenging two issues. One is the analyses of sulfur and lead isotope ratios for cinnabar samples from ancient tombs in Japan to elucidate
the establishment of Yamato dynasty around 3rd and 4th centuries. We showed that the lead isotopes in cinnabar ore exhibited clear local
characteristics and the origin of the cinnabar ore could be distinguished from the lead isotope compositions. The other issue is to elucidate
the market of oil and asphalt in Jomon Period in the North Japan based on the sulfur isotopes. We started a feasibility study to analyze thesulfur isotope ratios to distinguish the origin of oil samples.
(4) Development of chemical materials for ECR ion sources of RIBF
In 2014–2015, we developed a chemical procedure to recover an enriched 48CaCO3 from the 48CaO/Al mixture used in the 18-GHz
ECR ion source of RILAC. We prepared metallic 238U rods and 238UO2 on a regular schedule for 238U-ion accelerations with the 28-GHz
ECR of RILAC II.

Members
Team Leader
Hiromitsu HABA
Research & Technical Scientist
Kazuya TAKAHASHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Postdoctoral Researchers
Yukiko KOMORITechnical Staff I
Shinya YANOU (Apr. 1, 2015 –)Research Consultant
Seiichi SHIBATA
Junior Research Associate
Masashi MURAKAMI (Niigata Univ., – Mar. 31, 2015)
Part-time Workers
Michiko KITAGAWA
Yu Vin SAHOO

Nozomi SATO
Keiko WATANABE

Visiting Scientists
Akihiko YOKOYAMA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Kazuhiko AKIYAMA (Tokyo Met. Univ. )Kazuhiro OOE (Niigata Univ.)
Hidetoshi KIKUNAGA (Tohoku Univ.)
Masayoshi TODA (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)Mayeen Uddin KHANDAKER (Univ. Malaya)
Takahiro YAMADA (Japan Rad. Assoc.)

Miho TAKAHASHI (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)
Hiroshi SHIMIZU (Rissho Univ.)
Atsushi TOYOSHIMA (JAEA)
Aya SAKAGUCHI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Masayuki AIKAWA (Hokkaido Univ.)
Takumi KUBOTA (Kyoto Univ.)

Visiting Technicians
Yuichiro WAKITANI (Japan Rad. Assoc.)

Shinya YANOU (Japan Rad. Assoc.)

Student Trainees
Junichi HIRATA (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)Yuuta KITAYAMA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Kouhei NAKAMURA (Osaka Univ.)
Yoshiki FUKUDA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Yudai SHIGEKAWA (Osaka Univ.)

Shingo UENO (Kanazawa Univ.)
Kazunori HAYASHI (Kanazawa Univ.)
Takumi TANIGUCHI (Kanazawa Univ.)
Naoya GOTO (Niigata Univ.)
Takumi KOYAMA (Niigata Univ.)- 439 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)
Shohei TSUTO (Niigata Univ.)
Ryuji AONO (Niigata Univ.)
Daisuke SATO (Niigata Univ.)
Akira TANAKA (Niigata Univ.)
Tetuya NAGAOKA (Niigata Univ.)
Iori CHIYONISHIO (Kanazawa Univ.)
Ahmed USMAN (Univ. of Malaya)
Kento MURAKAMI (Kanazawa Univ.)
Teruyoshi FUJISAWA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Yukari YATSU (Kanazawa Univ.)
Yuki YASUDA (Osaka Univ.)
Yoshihiko HAYASHI (Osaka Univ.)

Risa MOTOYAMA (Niigata Univ.)
Tomihiro TOMITSUKA (Niigata Univ.)
Kaori SHIRAI (Niigata Univ.)
Yu NAMBA (Niigata Univ.)
Kouki MORIYA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Shuta OE (Kanazawa Univ.)
Kouki OUCHI (Osaka Univ.)
Narumi KONDO (Osaka Univ.)
Moemi SAITOH (Hokkaido Univ.)
Junpei INAGAKI (Univ. of Tsukuba)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, M. Asai, M. F. Attallah, N. Goto, N. S. Gupta, H. Haba, M. Huang, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, Y. Kasamatsu,
Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Kitayama, K. Koga, Y. Komori, T. Koyama, J. V. Kratz, H. V. Lerum, Y. Oshimi, V. Pershina, D. Sato, T. K. Sato, Y.
Shigekawa, A. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, K. Tsukada, S. Tsuto, T. Yokokita, A. Yokoyama, J. P. Omtvedt, Y. Nagame, and M. Schädel,“Chemical studies of Mo and W in preparation of a seaborgium (Sg) reduction experiment using MDG, FEC, and SISAK”, Journal ofRadioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, 1169–1172 (2015).*
K. Ooe, M. F. Attallah, M. Asai, N. Goto, N. S. Gupta, H. Haba, M. Huang, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Kitayama, K.
Koga, Y. Komori, T. Koyama, J. V. Kratz, H. V. Lerum, S. Miyashita, Y. Oshimi, V. Pershina, D. Sato, T. K. Sato, Y. Shigekawa, A.
Shinohara, A. Tanaka, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, S. Tsuto, T. Yokokita, A. Yokoyama, J. P. Omtvedt, Y. Nagame, and M. Schädel,“Development of a new continuous dissolution apparatus with a hydrophobic membrane for superheavy element chemistry”, Journal ofRadioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, 1317–1320 (2015).*
Y. Komori, T. Yokokita, Y. Kasamatsu, H. Haba, A. Toyoshima, K. Toyomura, K. Nakamura, J. Kanaya, M. Huang, Y. Kudou, N. Takahashi,and A. Shinohara, “Solid-liquid extraction of Mo and W by Aliquat 336 from HCl solutions toward extraction chromatography experiments ofSg”, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, 1385–1388 (2015).*
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, H. Haba, Y. Wakabayashi, Y. Kudou, M. Huang, S. Goto, M. Murakami, N. Goto, T. Koyama, N. Tamura, S. Tsuto, T.
Sumita, K. Tanaka, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, and K. Morita, “Startup of a new gas-filled recoil separator GARIS-II”, Journal ofRadioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, 1523–1525 (2015).*
J. Even, D. Ackermann, M. Asai, M. Block, H. Brand, A. Di Nitto, Ch. E. Düllmann, R. Eichler, F. Fan, H. Haba, W. Hartmann, A. Hübner, F. P.
Heßberger, M. Huang, E. Jäger, D. Kaji, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, J. V. Kratz, J. Krier, Y. Kudou, N. Kurz, M.
Laatiaoui, B. Lommel, J. Maurer, S. Miyashita, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, M. Murakami, Y. Nagame, H. Nitsche, K. Ooe, Z. Qin, T. K. Sato, M.
Schädel, J. Steiner, T. Sumita, M. Takeyama, K. Tanaka, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, A. Türler, I. Usoltsev, Y. Wakabayashi, Y. Wang, N.
Wiehl, A. Yakushev, and S. Yamaki, “In-situ synthesis of volatile carbonyl complexes with short-lived nuclides”, Journal of Radioanalyticaland Nuclear Chemistry 303, 2457–2466 (2015).*
M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba, M. Murakami, and N. Otuka, “Production cross-sections of long-lived radionuclides in deuteron-Induced reactions
on natural zinc up to 23 MeV”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 346, 8–16 (2015).*
M. Huang, H. Haba, M. Murakami, M. Asai, D. Kaji, J. Kanaya, Y. Kasamatsu, H. Kikunaga, Y. Kikutani, Y. Komori, H. Kudo, Y. Kudou, K.
Morimoto, K. Morita, K. Nakamura, K. Ozeki, R. Sakai, A. Shinohara, T. Sumita, K. Tanaka, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, Y. Wakabayashi,and A. Yoneda, “Production of 88Nb and 170Ta for chemical studies of element 105, Db, using the GARIS gas-jet system”, Journal ofRadioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 304, 845–859 (2015).*
Y. Wang, Z. Qin, F. L. Fan, H. Haba, Y. Komori, S. W. Cao, X.-L. Wu, and C.-M. Tan, “Gas-phase chemistry of technetium carbonyl
complexes”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, 13228–13234 (2015).*
S. Sekimoto, S. Okumura, H. Yashima, Y. Matsushi, H. Matsuzaki, H. Matsumura, A. Toyoda, K. Oishi, N. Matsuda, Y. Kasugai, Y. Sakamoto,
H. Nakashima, D. Boehnlein, R. Coleman, G. Lauten, A. Leveling, N. Mokhov, E. Ramberg, A. Soha, K. Vaziri, K. Ninomiya, T. Omoto, T.
Shima, N. Takahashi, A. Shinohara, M.W. Caffee, K.C. Welten, K. Nishiizumi, S. Shibat, and T. Ohtsuki, “Measurements of production
cross sections of 10Be and 26Al by 120 GeV and 392 MeV proton bombardment of 89Y, 159Tb, and natCu targets”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research Section B 361 685–688 (2015).*
M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba, M. Murakami, N. Otuka, and H. A. Kassim, “Excitation functions of deuteron-induced nuclear reactions on natural
platinum up to 24 MeV”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 362 151–162 (2015).*
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Kino, T. Yokokita, K. Nakamura, Y. Komori, K. Toyomura, T. Yoshimura, H. Haba, J. Kanaya, M. Huang, Y. Kudou, N.
Takahashi, and A. Shinohara, “Development of an automated batch-type solid-liquid extraction apparatus and extraction of Zr, Hf, and Th
by triisooctylamine from HCl solutions for chemistry of element 104, Rf”, Radiochimica Acta 103, 513–521 (2015).*
I. Usoltsev, R. Eichler, Y. Wang, J. Even, A. Yakushev, H. Haba, M. Asai, H. Brand, A. Di Nitto, Ch.E. Düllmann, F. Fangli, W. Hartmann, M.
Huang, E. Jäger, D. Kaji, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, J.V. Kratz, J. Krier, Y. Kudou, N. Kurz, B. Lommel, S.
Miyashita, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, M. Murakami, Y. Nagame, H. Nitsche, K. Ooe, T.K. Sato, M. Schädel, J. Steiner, P. Steinegger, T.
Sumita, M. Takeyama, K. Tanaka, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, A. Türler, Y. Wakabayashi, N. Wiehl, S. Yamaki, and Z. Qin, “Decomposition
studies of group 6 hexacarbonyl complexes. Part 1: Production and decomposition of Mo(CO)6 and W(CO)6”, Radiochimica Acta 104,
141–151 (2015).*
A. Kino, Y. Kasamatsu, T. Yokokita, T. Yoshimura, Y. Komori, Y. Kikutani, N. Takahashi, and A. Shinohara, “Solvent extraction of zirconium
and hafnium as homologues of rutherfordium by triisooctylamine from HCl solutions”, Solvent Extraction Research and Development,
Japan 22, 127–134 (2015).*- 440 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

A. R. Usman, M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba, M. Murakami, and N. Otuka, “Measurements of deuteron-induced reaction cross-sections on
natural nickel up to 24 MeV”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 368, 112–119 (2016).*
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, H. Haba, E. Ideguchi, H. Koura, and K. Morita, “Decay properties of new isotopes 234Bk and 230Am, and even–even
Nuclides 234Cm and 230Pu”, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 85, 015002 (2016).*
S. Cao, Y. Wang, Z. Qin, F. Fan, H. Haba, Y. Komori, X. Wu, C. Tan, and X. Zhang, “Gas-phase chemistry of ruthenium and rhodium
carbonyl complexes”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, 119–125 (2016).*
J. Hirata, K. Takahashi, Yu Vin Sahoo, and M. Tanaka, “Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for quantitative
imaging of elements in ferromanganese nodule”, Chemical Geology 427, 65–72 (2016).*
S. Sekimoto, T. Kobayashi, K. Takamiya, M. Ebihara, and S. Shibata, “Origin of spherule samples recovered from Antarctic ice sheet Terrestrial or extraterrestrial?”, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 48, 293–298 (2016).*
A. R. Usman, M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba, N. Otuka, M. Murakami, and Y. Komori, “Production cross-sections of radionuclides from α-induced
reactions on natural copper up to 50 MeV”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes (in press).*
S. Fujita, K. Goto-Azuma, M. Hirabayashi, A. Hori, Y. Iizuka, Y. Motizuki, H. Motoyama, and K. Takahashi, “Densification of layered firn of theice sheet at Dome Fuji Antarctica”, J. Glaciology (in press).*(Review)
H. Haba, “Productions of radioisotopes for application studies at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Journal of the Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan 12, 206–212 (2015) (in Japanese).
[Book](Original Papers)
K. Takahashi, “Frequently used evaluations for aerial and solid pollution” in Corrosion control and surface finishing edited by H. Kanematsu
and D. M. Barry, pp. 141–151, Springer (2016).
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
H. Haba, “Productions and decay studies of transactinide elements for superheavy element chemistry”, DAE-BRNS 12th National
Symposium on Nuclear and Radiochemistry (NUCAR-2015), (Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Department of Atomic Energy;
Indian Association of Nuclear Chemists and Allied Scientists), Mumbai, India, Feb. (2015).
H. Haba, “Production and decay studies of 265Sg for chemical studies of seaborgium using the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS at
RIKEN”, 249th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, (American Chemical Society), Denver, USA, Mar. (2015).
H. Yashima, S. Sekimoto, K. Ninomiya, Y. Kasamatsu, T. Shima, N. Takahashi, A. Shinohara, H. Matsumura, D. Satoh Y. Iwamoto, M.
Hagiwara, K. Nishiizumi, M. W. Caffee, and S. Shibata, “Measurements of the neutron activation cross sections for Bi and Co at 134 MeV”,
Tenth International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC X), (Los Alamos National Laboratory),
Kailua-Kona, USA, Apr. (2015).
Y. Kasamatsu, K. Toyomura, T. Yokokita, Y. Shigekawa, H. Haba, Y. Komori, J. Kanaya, M. Huang, K. Morita, N. Takahashi, M. Murakami, H.
Kikunaga, T. Mitsugashira, T. Yoshimura, T. Ohtsuki, K. Takamiya, and A. Shinohara, “Coprecipitation behavior of Rf with Sm hydroxide”,
5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
T. Yokokita, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Shigekawa, Y. Yasuda, K. Nakamura, A. Kino, K. Toyomura, N. Takahashi, H. Haba, Y. Komori, M. Murakami,
T. Yoshimura, and A. Shinohara, “Solid-liquid extraction of Rf with Aliquat 336 from HCl”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry
and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center
for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, M. Asai, M.F. Attallah, N. Goto, N.S. Gupta, H. Haba, M. Kaneko, Y. Kaneya, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Kitayama,
K. Koga, Y. Komori, T. Koyama, J.V. Kratz, H.V. Lerum, A. Mitsukai, S. Miyashita, Y. Oshimi, V. Pershina, D. Sato, T.K. Sato, Y.
Shigekawa, A. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, K. Tsukada, S. Tsuto, A. Vascon, T. Yokokita, A. Yokoyama, J. P. Omtvedt, Y. Nagame, and M.
Schädel, “Developments towards aqueous phase chemistry of transactinide elements”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry andPhysics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
H. Haba, R. Aono, D. Kaji, Y. Kasamatsu, H. Kikunaga, Y. Komori, H. Kudo, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, M. Murakami, K. Nishio, K. Ooe, A.
Shinohara, M. Takeyama, T. Tanaka, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, S. Tsuto, Y. Wakabayashi, S. Yamaki, T. Yokokita, and A. Yoneda,“Production of radioisotopes of 261Rf, 262Db, 265Sg, and 266,267Bh for superheavy element chemistry using GARIS at RIKEN”, 5th International
Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
Y. Wakabayashi, K. Morimoto, D. Kaji, H. Haba, K. Nishio, H. Koura, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, M. Asai, Y. Komori, M. Murakami,
T. Tanaka, A. Yoneda, and K. Morita, “Production of new isotopes, 215U and 216U close to N = 126”, 5th International Conference on theChemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency;
Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Takeyama, S. Yamaki, K. Tanaka, and K. Morita, H. Haba, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kikunaga,
and M. Asai, “GARIS-II: new gas-filled recoil ion separator at RIKEN”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of theTransactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
H. Haba, “Status and perspectives of SHE syntheses at RIKEN GARIS”, 14th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element
Chemistry (TASCA15), (GSI Helmholtzzentrum fϋr Schwerionenforschung GmbH), Darmstadt, Germany, Oct. (2015).
Y. Komori, “Development of a rapid solvent extraction apparatus for aqueous chemistry of the heaviest elements”, 14th Workshop on Recoil
Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry (TASCA15), (GSI Helmholtzzentrum fϋr Schwerionenforschung GmbH), Darmstadt,
Germany, Oct. (2015).
Y. Komori, H. Haba, K. Ooe, and A. Toyoshima, “Development of a rapid solvent extraction apparatus for aqueous chemistry of the heaviest
elements”, International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; CanadianSociety for Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean- 441 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
A. Yokoyama, Y. Kitayama, Y. Fukuda, H. Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, and A. Toyoshima, “Extraction behaviorof a cationic fluoride complex of rutherfordium with a TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO3 acidic solutions”, International Chemical
Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for Chemistry; Chemical
Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical
Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
Y. Komori, M. Murakami, and H. Haba, “Measurement of production cross sections of Tc and Re isotopes in deuteron-induced reactions on
nat
Mo and natW up to 24 MeV”, International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical
Society; Canadian Society for Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian ChemicalInstitute; Korean Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
H. Haba, “Production and decay studies of 261Rf, 262Db, 265Sg, and 266,267Bh for superheavy element chemistry using GARIS at RIKEN”,
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for
Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society;
Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
Y. Kasamatsu, T. Yokokita, Y. Shigekawa, A. Kino, K. Nakamura, Y. Yasuda, K. Toyomura, N. Takahashi, H. Haba, Y. Komori, M. Murakami,
Y. Kuboki, T. Yoshimura, and A. Shinohara, “Solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extractions of Zr, Hf, Th and element 104, Rf, in an Aliquat
336/HCl system”, International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society;
Canadian Society for Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute;
Korean Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
羽場宏光, “理研における RI 製造応用”, 東北大学電子光理学研究センター研究会「大強度電子ビームとその応用利用」, (東北大学電子光理学
研究センター), 仙台市, 3 月 (2015)．
横北卓也, 中村宏平, 重河優大, 安田勇輝, 笠松良崇, 高橋成人, 吉村崇, 羽場宏光, 小森有希子, 村上昌史, 篠原厚, “104 番元素 Rf の抽出挙動の時間依存性：バッチ型固液抽出装置を用いた Rf の Aliquat336/HCl 系の固液抽出”, 日本化学会第 95 春季年会, (日本化学会), 船橋市, 3
月 (2015)．
北山雄太, 福田芳樹, 羽場宏光, 塚田和明, 豊嶋厚史, 菊永英寿, 小森有希子, 村上昌史, 上野慎吾, 谷口拓海, 林和憲, 谷津由香里, 千代西
尾伊織, 村上拳冬, 横山明彦, “TTA 逆相クロマトグラフィーによる超重元素ラザホージウム(Rf)フッ化物錯体逐次形成の評価”, 日本化学会第 95 春季年会, (日本化学会), 船橋市, 3 月 (2015)．
矢納慎也, 羽場宏光, 柴田誠一, 脇谷雄一郎, 山田崇裕, “70Zn(d,αn)67Cu 反応による 67Cu の試験的製造”, 第 52 回アイソトープ・放射線研究
発表会, (日本アイソトープ協会),文京区, 7 月 (2015)．
豊嶋厚史, 水飼秋菜, 村上昌史, 佐藤大輔, 本山李沙, 大江一弘, 小森有希子, 羽場宏光, 浅井雅人, 塚田和明, 佐藤哲也, 金谷佑亮, 永目諭一郎, “ドブニウム（Db）フッ化物錯体の同定に向けた HF/HNO3 水溶液中における Nb，Ta の陰イオン交換実験”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
横北卓也, 笠松良崇, 重河優大, 安田勇輝, 中村宏平, 木野愛子, 豊村恵悟, 高橋成人, 羽場宏光, 小森有希子, 村上昌史, 吉村 崇, 篠原 厚,“ラザホージウムの陰イオン塩化物錯体の抽出における分配係数の決定”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
小森有希子, 羽場宏光, 大江一弘, 豊嶋厚史, 水飼秋菜, 村上昌史, 佐藤大輔, 本山李沙, 矢納慎也, 渡邉慶子, 坂口 綾, 菊永英寿, Jon
Petter Omtvedt, “超重元素の溶液化学研究に向けた GARIS ガスジェット直結型フロー溶媒抽出装置の開発”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
福田芳樹, 北山雄太, 羽場宏光, 豊嶋厚史, 塚田和明, 小森有希子, 村上昌史, 菊永英寿, MingHui Huang, 大江一弘, 水飼秋菜, 上野慎吾, 谷
口拓海, 林 和憲, 谷津由香里, 千代西尾伊織, 村上拳冬, 大江崇太, 森谷紘基, 横山明彦, “TTA 逆相クロマトグラフィー測定による超重元
素 Rf の陽イオンフッ化物錯形成の F–濃度依存性”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月(2015).
水飼秋菜, 豊嶋厚史, 金谷佑亮, 大江一弘, 佐藤大輔, 村上昌史, 小森有希子, 羽場宏光, 浅井雅人, 塚田和明, 佐藤哲也, 永目諭一郎, “硫酸-Aliquat336 系における Mo ならびに W の溶媒抽出挙動：超重元素 Sg の硫酸錯体形成に向けたモデル実験”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
矢納慎也, 羽場宏光, 柴田誠一, 小森有希子, 高橋和也, 脇谷雄一郎, 山田祟裕, 松本幹雄, “70Zn(d,αn)67Cu 反応による 67Cu の製造”, 2015 日
本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
青野竜士, 後藤真一, 加治大哉, 森本幸司, 羽場宏光, 村上昌史, 大江一弘, 工藤久昭, “208Pb + 48,50Ti 反応における中性子欠損 Rf 同位体の合成”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
加治大哉, 森本幸司, 羽場宏光, 若林泰生, 武山美麗, 山木さやか, 田中謙伍, M. Huang, 小森有希子, 金谷淳平, 村上昌史, 鹿取謙二, 長
谷部裕雄, 米田 晃, 吉田 敦, 門叶冬樹, 吉田友美, 山口貴之, 浅井雅人, Z. Gan, L. Ma, H. Geissel, S. Hofmann, J. Maurer, 藤田訓裕, 成清義博, 田中泰貴, 山本翔也, 森田浩介, “GARIS を用いたホットフュージョン反応 248Cm+48Ca→296Lv*に関する研究②”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
羽場宏光, “理研 RI ビームファクトリーにおける RI 製造応用”, 日本放射性医薬品協会講演会, (日本放射性医薬品協会), 千代田区, 1 月(2016).
羽場宏光, “理研における RI 製造”, 東北大学電子光理学研究センター研究会 「放射性同位元素（RI）製造計画と多分野における RI 利用の現状」, (東北大学電子光理学研究センター研究会), 仙台市, 2 月 (2016)．
羽場宏光, “理研 RI ビームファクトリーにおけるアルファ放射体利用”, 第 7 回アルファ放射体実験室利用研究会, (東北大学金属材料研究所),
仙台市, 2 月 (2016)．
羽場宏光, “加速器を用いた応用研究用ラジオアイソトープの製造”, 日本物理学会第 71 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 仙台市, 3 月 (2016)．
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Murakami, S. Goto, K. Ooe, D. Sato, S. Tsuto, N. Goto, T. Koyama, R. Aono, H. Haba, M Huang, and H. Kudo, “Excitation functions of Db
isotopes produced in 248Cm(19F,xn) reaction”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements(TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN),
Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).

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Y. Ito, P. Schury, M. Wada, F. Arai, I. Katayama, K. Okada, T. Sonoda, A. Takamine, H. Wollnik, H. Haba, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, H.
Koura, S. Jeong, H. Miyatake, and A. Ozawa, “Development of a gas cell system for SHE-mass project at RIKEN”, 5th International
Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
Y. Wang, Z. Qin, F.L. Fan, H. Haba, Y. Komori, S.-W. Cao, X.-L. Wu, and C.-M. Tan, “Gas-phase chemistry of short-lived technetium
carbonyl complexes”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced
Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May(2015).
A. Mitsukai, A. Toyoshima, A. Vascon, Y. Kaneya, M. Murakami, K. Ooe, N. Goto, D. Sato, Y. Komori, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K.
Sato, Y. Nagame, and M. Schädel, “Extraction behavior of Mo and W from H2SO4 with Aliquat336 as homologs of seaborgium (Sg)”, 5thInternational Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
D. Sato, M. Murakami, H. Haba, H. Kikunaga, K. Ooe, S. Goto, and H. Kudo, “Liquid-liquid extraction studies of Nb and Ta as homologs of Dbwith Aliquat 336 from HF solutions”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15),(Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai,
Japan, May (2015).
Y. Kitayama, Y. Fukuda, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, H. Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, M.H. Huang, T. Taniguchi, S. Ueno, K.
Hayashi, Y. Yatsu, I. Chiyonishio, K. Murakami, and A. Yokoyama, “Extraction behavior of rutherfordium as a cationic fluoride complex witha TTA chelate extractant from HF/HNO3 acidic solutions”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide
Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science,
RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
Y. Fukuda, Y. Kitayama, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, H. Kikunaga, M.H. Huang, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, I. Chiyonishio, and A.
Yokoyama, “Adsorption behavior of Zr and Hf by TTA-reversed-phase chromatography for aqueous chemistry of a super-heavy element,
Rf”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science ResearchCenter, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
Y. Kasamatsu, K. Nakamura, T. Yokokita, Y. Shigekawa, Y. Yasuda, N. Takahashi, Y. Kuboki, H. Haba, M. Murakami, T. Yoshimura, and A.
Shinohara, “Development of a rapid flow-type solvent extraction apparatus for extraction of Rf”, 5th International Conference on theChemistry and Physics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency;
Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
K. Ooe, A. Tanaka, R. Yamada, R. Yamada, H. Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, H. Haba, S. Goto, and H. Kudo, “Solvent extraction
behavior of Zr and Hf with chelate extractants for aqueous chemical studies of Rf ”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry andPhysics of the Transactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
Y. Komori, H. Haba, K. Ooe, and A. Toyoshima for the Aqueous Chemistry Collaboration with GARIS, “Development of a rapid solvent
extraction apparatus for aqueous chemistry of the heaviest elements”, 5th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of theTransactinide Elements (TAN15), (Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency; Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN), Urabandai, Japan, May (2015).
A. Mitsukai, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, T. Sato, Y. Kaneya, S. Takeda, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, Y. Komori, M. Murakami, H. Haba,
K. Ooe, D. Sato, N. Goto, and S. Tsuto, “Extraction behavior of Mo and W from H2SO4 with Aliquat336 as homologues of seaborgium (Sg)”,
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for
Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society;
Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
K. Ooe, A. Tanaka, R. Yamada, H. Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, H. Haba, S. Goto, and H. Kudo, “Liquid-liquid extraction behavior of
zirconium and hafnium as homologs of element 104, rutherfordium using chelate extractants”, International Chemical Congress of PacificBasin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New
Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA,
Dec. (2015).
H. Kikunaga, M. Murakami, Y. Komori, and H. Haba, “Measurement of alpha-induced reaction cross sections of Cr isotopes on natural Ti”,
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015), (American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for
Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society;
Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
K. Takahashi, T. Minami, S. Imazu, Y.-V. Sahoo, M. Kitagawa, and M. Kidera, “Sources of vermilion collected from ancient Japanese tombs,
based on the trace elements and lead isotopes”, International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies 2015 (Pacifichem 2015),(American Chemical Society; Canadian Society for Chemistry; Chemical Society of Japan; New Zealand Institute of Chemistry; Royal
Australian Chemical Institute; Korean Chemical Society; Chinese Chemical Society), Hawaii, USA, Dec. (2015).
[Domestic Conference]
山田亮平, 大江一弘, 村上昌史, 羽場宏光, 小森有希子, 菊永英寿, 後藤真一, 工藤久昭, “Rf の溶液化学実験に向けた同族元素 Zr, Hf のHDEHP による溶媒抽出挙動”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
本山李沙, 大江一弘, 村上昌史, 羽場宏光, 後藤真一, 工藤久昭, “ドブニウム（Db）の化学実験に向けた 5 族元素 Nb, Ta の塩化物錯体のト
リイソオクチルアミンによる抽出挙動”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
佐藤大輔, 村上昌史, 大江一弘, 本山李沙, 羽場宏光, 小森有希子, 豊嶋厚史, 水飼秋菜, 菊永英寿, 後藤真一, 工藤久昭, “105 番元素 Db の
化学実験のための Aliquat 336 樹脂を用いた Nb, Ta のフッ化水素酸中からの固液抽出”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会), 仙台市, 9 月 (2015).
二宮和彦, 南部明弘, 重河優大, 高橋成人, 篠原厚, 関本俊, 八島浩, 嶋達志, 萩原雅之, 岩元洋介, 柴田誠一, M. W. Caffee, 西泉邦彦, “隕石
構成元素に対する 80 MeV 単色中性子による核反応生成物の測定”, 2015 日本放射化学会年会・第 59 回放射化学討論会, (日本放射化学会),
仙台市, 9 月 (2015).

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Partner Institution

The Nishina Center established the research partnership system in 2008. This system permits an external institute to develop its own
projects at the RIKEN Wako campus in equal partnership with the Nishina Center. At present, three institutes, Center for Nuclear Study of
the University of Tokyo (CNS), Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies of KEK (KEK), and Department of Physics, Niigata University(Niigata) are conducting research activities under the research partnership system.
CNS and the Nishina Center signed the partnership agreement in 2008. Until then, CNS had collaborated in joint programs withRIKEN under the “Research Collaboration Agreement on Heavy Ion Physics” (collaboration agreement) signed in 1998. The partnershipagreement redefines procedures related to the joint programs while keeping the spirit of the collaboration agreement. The joint programs
include experimental nuclear physics activities using CRIB, SHARAQ, GRAPE at RIBF, theoretical nuclear physics activities with
ALPHLEET, accelerator development, and activities at RHIC PHENIX.
The partnership agreement with the Niigata University was signed in 2010. The activity includes theoretical and experimental nuclear
physics, and nuclear chemistry.
KEK started low-energy nuclear physics activity at RIBF in 2011 under the research partnership system. The newly constructedisotope separator KISS will be available for the users in near future.
The activities of CNS, Niigata, and KEK are reported in the following pages.

- 451 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Partner Institution
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science
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Partner Institution
Center for Radioactive Ion Beam Sciences
Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Niigata University

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Partner Institution
Wako Nuclear Science Center, IPNS (Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies)
KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization)
1. Abstract
The KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS) has been constructed to experimentally study the -decay properties of unknown

neutron-rich nuclei with around neutron magic numbers N = 126 for astrophysical interest. In FY2015, a new rotational target system wasintroduced and higher yields and more stable operational conditions were achieved. Resonance ionization spectroscopy for the hyperfine
structure of 199Pt has been performed at KISS. An international collaboration with IBS (Institute of Basic Science), Korea has been organizedfor development of an array of super-clover germanium detectors and an MRTOF mass spectrograph.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Radioactive isotope beam production and manipulation for nuclear experiments.
(2) Explosive nucleosyhnthesis (r- and rp-process).
(3) Heavy ion reaction mechanism for producing heavy neutron-rich nuclei.
(4) Development of MRTOF mass spectrograph for short-lived heavy nuclei.
(5) Development of RNB probes for materials science applications.
3. Summary of Research Activity

The KISS is an element-selective isotope separator using a magnetic mass separator combined with in-gas-cell resonant laser
ionization. The gas cell filled with argon gas of 50 kPa is a central component of the KISS for extracting only the element of interest as
ion beam for subsequent mass separation. In the cell, the element primarily produced by low-energy heavy ion reactions is stopped(thermalization and neutralization), transported by buffer gas (argon gas-flow of ~50 kPa in the present case), and then re-ionized by laser
irradiation just before the exit. The gas cell was fabricated to efficiently correct the reaction products produced by the multi-nucleon transfer
reaction of 136Xe +198Pt system. For the first extraction of the reaction products, the 136Xe beam energy and 198Pt target thickness were set at 10.8
MeV/u and 6 mg/cm2, respectively. In FY2014, half-lives of 199Pt were measured with -ray telescopes and a tape transport system were installedat the focal point of KISS. The -ray telescopes were composed of three double-layered thin plastic scintillators; thickness of the first layer andsecond one were 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively. In order to reduce the background, they were surrounded with low-activity lead blocks and a vetocounter system consisting of plastic scintillator bars. The background rate of the present -ray telescopes was measured to be 0.7 counts per
second. In order to drastically reduce the background rate, lower than a few counts per hour, a gas counter based beta-ray telescope is underdevelopment in FY2015.
For higher primary beam intensities and higher extraction efficiency, we developed a doughnut-shaped gas cell and a rotating target wheel
setup for KISS. With this new setup, resonance ionization spectroscopy of the ground state hyperfine structure of 198Pt was performed. The
nuclear g-factor and the charge radius of 199Pt can be deduced from the experimental results.
As a continuing effort for search for effective laser ionization scheme of elements of our interest (Z<82), a reference cell was
fabricated, and is currently being used to search for auto ionizing states in Ta, W, and etc…
In order to investigate the feasibility of the multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) in the reaction system of 136Xe on 198Pt for producing
heavy neutron-rich isotopes around the mass number of 200 with the neutron magic number of 126, We performed the cross section
measurement at GANIL in 2012 and the analysis of the data has been completed. The cross sections of target-like fragments around N=126 were comparable to those estimated using the GRAZING code, and they appear to be mainly contributed by the reactions with low totalenergy loss with the weak N/Z equilibration and particle evaporation. This suggests the promising use of the MNT reactions with a heavy
projectile at the energies above the Coulomb barrier for production of the neutron-rich isotopes around N = 126.
Aiming at direct mass measurements of short-lived heavy nuclei at KISS and other facilities, we worked on a development of a multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS). In FY2015, we demonstrated mass measurements of Fr and At isotopes at GARIS-IIwith a collaboration with the SLOWRI team and the Super Heavy Element Synthesis team of RIKEN.
The diffusion coefficient of lithium in solid materials used in secondary Li-ion batteries is one of key parameters that determine how fast abattery can be charged. The reported Li diffusion coefficients in solid battery materials are largely scattered over several order of magnitudes.
We have developed an in-situ nanoscale diffusion measurement method using -emitting radioactive 8Li tracer. In the method, while
implanting a pulsed 8Li beam of 8 keV, the alpha particles emitted at a small angle (θ = 10 ± 1◦) relative to a sample surface were detected
as a function of time. We can obtain Li diffusion coefficient from the time dependent yields of the  particles, whose energy loss can beconverted to nanometer-scale position information of diffusing 8Li. The method has been successfully applied to measure the lithium
diffusion coefficients for an amorphous Li4SiO4 - Li3VO4 (LVSO) which was used as a solid electrotype in a solid-state Li thin film battery,well demonstrating that the present method has the sensitivity to the diffusion coefficients down to a value of 10-12 cm2/s, corresponding
with nanoscale Li diffusion. In FY2015, we continued measuring Li diffusion coefficients in a spinel type Li compound of LiMn2O4 (LMO),
which is used as a positive electrode of a Li battery in an electric vehicle. We have observed a significant change on the time dependent yields ofthe  particles at the sample temperature of around 623 K and will continue the measurements to obtain temperature dependency of Li diffusion
coefficients in LMO.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Members
Group Leader
Hiroari MIYATAKE
Members
Michiharu WADA
Yoshikazu HIRAYAMA
Yutaka WATANABEPeter SCHURY
Yutaka KAKIGUCHI
Michihiro OYAIZU

Hyo-Soon Jung
Jun-young Moon
Jin-hyung Park
Yung-Hee KIM (PhD. Student, Seoul National Univ.)
Momo MUKAI (PhD. Student, Tsukuba Univ.)
Sota KIMURA (PhD. Student, Tsukuba Univ.)

List of Publications & Presentations
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Y.X. Watanabe, Y.H. Kim, S.C. Jeong, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, H.S. Jung, H. Miyatake, S. Choi, J.S. Song, E. Clement, G. de
France, A. Navin, M. Rejmund, C. Schmitt, G. Polarolo, L. Corradi, E. Fioretto, D. Montanari, M. Niikura, D. Suzuki, H. Nishibata, J. Takatsu,« Pathway for the production of neutron-rich isotopes around N=126 shell closure », Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (2015) 172503, 1-5.*[Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H.S. Jung, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, S. Kimura, M. Mukai, Y.H. Kim, T. Sonoda,
M. Wada, M. Huyse, Yu. Kudryavtsev,P. van Duppen, « On-line experimental results of an argon gas cell-based laser ion source (KEK
Isotope Separation System) », Nucl. Inst. Meth. B376 (2016) 52-56.*
M. Mukai, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H.S. Jung, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, Y.X. Watanabe, S. Kimura, A. Ozawa, S.C. Jeong, T. Sonoda,« Search for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes of tantalum using a newly developed time-of-flight mass spectrometer in KISS »,Nucl. Inst. Meth B376 (2016) 73-76.*
S. Kimura, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, H.S. Jung, M. Oyaizu, M. Mukai, S.C. Jeong, A. Ozawa, « Developmentof the detector system for image-decay spectroscopy at the KEK Isotope Sepaator System », Nucl. Inst. Meth. B376 (2016) 338-340.*
Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H.S. Jung, M. Oyaizu, M. Mukai, S. Kimura, T. Sonoda, M.
Wada, Y.H. Kim, M. Huyse, Yu Kudryavtsev, P. van Duppen, « Deta-decay spectroscopy of r-process nuclei around N=126 », EPJ Web
Conf. 109 (2016) 08001, 1-6.*
Y. Hirayama, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, S. Kimura, M. Mukai, Y.H. Kim, T. Sonoda, M. Wada,
M. Huyse, Yu. Kudryavtsev, P. van Duppen, « Laser ion source for multi-nucleon transfer products », Nucl. Inst. Meth B353 (2015) 4-15.*
K. Okada, M. Ichikawa, M. Wada, « Characterization of ion crystals for fundamental science », Hyp. Int. DOI 10.1007/s10751-015-1188-y,
2015*
Oral Presentations[International Conference etc.]
H. Miyatake, « Beta-decay spectroscopy of r-process nuclei around N=126 », OMEG2015, June 24-27, Beijing, China.
Y. Hirayama, « Online experimental results of an argon gas cell based laser ion source (KEK Isotope Separation System), May 11-15,
EMIS2015, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
M. Wada, « Towards high precision nuclear spectroscopy at SLOWRI, RIKEN RIBF », Nov. 07-12, JCNP2015, RCNP, Osaka, Japan.
[Domestic Conference]
Y. Hirayama, « Nuclear spectroscopy of the waiting point nuclides around the third peak in r-process (KISS project) », Feb. 22-24, NAOJ,
Mitaka, Japan.
Posters Presentations[International Conference etc.]
M. Mukai, « Search for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes of tantalum using a newly developed time-of-flight mass spectrometer in
KISS », May 11-15, EMIS2015, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
S. Kimura, « Development of the detector system for image-decay spectroscopy at the KEK Isotope Sepaator System », May 11-15,
EMIS2015, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
[Domestic Conference]
S. Kimura, « Mass measurements of N=Z-2 nuclei in the vicinity of proton drip line », Feb. 22-24, NAOJ, Mitaka, Japan.
M. Mukai, « Development of low background gas-counter for KISS », Feb. 22-24, NAOJ, Mitaka, Japan.

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Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Events (April 2015 - March 2016)
RNC
Apr. 23

Wako Open campus

Jun. 27 - 28

The 14th NP-PAC

Jul. 27– Aug. 7
Aug. 11

Nishina School

Sep. 10-11

RIBF Users Meeting 2015

Sep. 18

Effect of MOU between RNC and The University of Hong Kong

Oct. 30

Effect of MOU between RNC and Technishe Universität Darmstadt

Dec. 3-5

The 16th NP-PAC

Dec. 6-7

Physics with Fragment Separators - 25th Anniversary of RIKEN-Projectile Fragment Separator[RIPS25]

Jan. 12Interim Review of the Chief Scientist, Osamu KAMIGAITO

Jan. 13The 5th In PAC

Feb. 16-17

The 12th ML-PAC

Mar. 8

Hot-Lab Safety Review Committee
Interim Review of Associate Chief Scientist, Toru TAMAGAWA

Mar. 31

End of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory led by associate chief scientist Takashi Nakatsukasa

Safety Review Committee for Accelerator Experiments

CNS
Aug. 26- Sep. 1

The 14th CNS international Summer School (CNSSS15)
http://indico.cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=231

Niigata Univ.
not held in FY2015

KEK
not held in FY2015- 471 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Press Releases (April 2015 - March 2016)
RNC
May 12For the violent r-process, the devil’s in the details. Success in precise measurements of thehalf-lives of 110 nuclei which hold the key to the synthesis of heavy elements-A major step forward toward providing an experimental ground for models of themysterious astrophysical “r-process”Supercomputing the Strange Difference between Matter and Antimatter-The first calculation of direct "CP" symmetry violation—how the behavior of subatomic
particles (in this case, the decay of kaons) differs when matter is swapped out for
antimatterDiscovery of a tetraneutron resonance nucleus—exploring the highway of the study forneutron matter

Giuseppe Lorusso, Shunji Nishimura,
Hiroyoshi Sakurai; Radioactive Isotope
Physics Laboratory, EURICA collaboration

Dec. 31

It’s official! Element 113 was discovered at RIKEN－Element 113 has become the first element on the periodic table found in Asia－

Kosuke Morita, Research Group for
Superheavy Element

Jan. 8

Tomoko Abe, Yusuke Kazama, Koutaro
Construction of plant Y-chromosome gene map-Application of heavy-ion induced mutants revealing large inversion of Y-chromosome Ishii; Ion Beam Breeding Team, Univ. ofTokyo, Univ. of Oxford, Univ. of Edinburgh
during its evolution-

Jan. 8Precise measurement of the orientation of gluons in the proton-A major step in solving the puzzle of the proton spin-

Yasuyuki Akiba, Yuji Goto, Yoon Inseok;Experimental Group, RBRC

Feb. 19

The first attempt in the history of nuclear physics to solve the problem of the LLFPtransmutation and has triggered the reaction studies for other long-lived fission products.
-Spallation reaction study for fission products in nuclear waste: Cross section
measurements for 137Cs and 90Sr on proton and deuteron“Two neutrons barely unbound to a nucleus – a picture of a nucleus at the limit, depicted bymass measurement for a heavy Oxygen isotope”

He Wong, Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Hideaki Otsu;
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory,
SAMURAI Team

Nov. 4

Dec. 22Mar. 10

Mar. 23

Taku Izubuchi, Christopher Kelly,;
Computing Group, RBRC

Susumu Shimoura (CNS),; Joint PR:
Released from the Univ. of Tokyo

SAMURAI Team, Radioactive Isotope
Physics Laboratory ; Joint PR: Released
from TIT

Solar Wind Induces Jupiter’s X-ray AuroraHigh Energy Astrophysics Laboratory; Joint
PR: Released from JAXA

Dec. 22

Candidate Resonant Tetraneutron State Populated by the 4He(8He, 8Be) Reaction

K. Kisamori, S. Shimoura, T. Uesaka et al.

Mar. 17

Large-scale shell-model analysis of the neutorinoless ββ decay of 48Ca

Y. Iwata, N. Shimizu, T. Otsuka, Y. Utsuno,
J. Menendez, M. Honma, T. Abe

CNS- 472 -

VII. LIST OF PREPRINTS

Ⅶ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Preprints (April 2015 - March 2016)
RIKEN NC-NP
151

Effects of thermal shape fluctuations and pairing fluctuations on the giant dipole resonance inwarm nuclei

A.K. Rhine Kumar, P. Arumugam et al.

152

Experimental investigation on the temperature dependence of the nuclear level density
parameter

B. Dey, D. Pandit et al.

153

Giant dipole resonance built on hot rotating nuclei produced during evaporation of light particles M. Ciemała, M. Kmiecik et al.
from the 88Mo compound nucleus

154

Adiabatic hyperspherical approach to large-scale nuclear dynamics

Y. Suzuki

155

Reentrance phenomenon of superfluid pairing in hot rotating nuclei

N. Quang Hung, N. Dinh Dang et al.

156

A Universal Damping Mechanism of Quantum Vibrations in Deep Sub-Barrier Fusion

T. Ichikawa, K. Matsuyanagi

157

Microscopic derivation of the quadrupole collective Hamiltonian for shape coexistence/mixing
dynamics

K. Matsuyanagi, M. Matsuo et al.

158

Pairing reentrance in warm rotating 104Pd nucleus

N. Quang Hung, N. Dinh Dang et al.

159

Time-dependent density functional studies of nuclear quantum dynamics in large amplitudes

K. Wen, K. Washiyama et al.

160

Covariant density functional theory: the structure of superheavy nuclei revisited

S.E. Agbemava, A.V. Afanasjev et al.

161

First Online Mass Measurements of Isobar Chains via Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass
Spectrograph Coupled with GARIS-II

P. Schury, M. Wada et al.

162

Gauge symmetry in the large-amplitude collective motion of superfluid nuclei

K. Sato

163

Interplay between one-particle and collective degrees of freedom in nuclei

I. Hamamoto

RIKEN NC- AC
Not Applicable

RIKEN MP112

Transport Process in Multi-Junctions of Quantum Systems

T. Kimura, M. Murata

RIKEN QHP187

QCD Kondo effect: quark matter with heavy-flavor impurities

K. Hattori, K. Itakura et al.

188

U(1) axial symmetry and Dirac spectra in QCD at high temperature

T. Kanazawa, N. Yamamoto

189

Euler-Heisenberg-Weiss action for QCD+QED

S. Ozaki, T. Arai et al.

190

Locating phase boundary from net-baryon number multiplicity distribution

K. Morita, A. Nakamura

191

Effective model for in-medium ¥bar{K}N interactions including the L=1 partial wave

A. Cieplý, V. Krejčiřík

192

Functional dependence of axial anomaly via mesonic fluctuations in the three flavor linear sigma G. Fejos
model- 473 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)
193

Chiral symmetry breaking with no bilinear condensate revisited

T. Kanazawa

194

Heavy-tailed chiral random matrix theory

T. Kanazawa

195

Reinterpretation of the Starobinsky model

T. Asaka, S. Iso et al.

196

Hamilton dynamics for the Lefschetz thimble integration akin to the complex Langevin method

K. Fukushima, Y. Tanizaki

197

Relation between the Reducibility Structures and between the Master Actions in the Witten
Formulation and the Berkovits Formulation of Open Superstring Field Theory

Y. Iimori, S. Torii

198

Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone modes in dissipative systems

Y. Minami, Y. Hidaka

199

Lefschetz-thimble path integral for solving the mean-field sign problem

Y. Tanizaki, H. Nishimura et al.

200

Lefschetz-thimble analysis of the sign problem in one-site fermion model

Y. Tanizaki, Y. Hidaka et al.

201

Photon and dilepton spectra from nonlinear QED effects in supercritical magnetic fields induced K. Hattori, K. Itakura
by heavy-ion collisions

202

Complex saddle points and the sign problem in complex Langevin simulation

T. Hayata, Y. Hidaka et al.

203

Nonrelativistic Banks-Casher relation and random matrix theory for multi-component fermionicsuperfuids

T. Kanazawa, A. Yamamoto

204

Interplay between Mach cone and radial expansion and its signal in gamma-jet events

Y. Tachibana, T. Hirano

205

D meson mass increase by restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter

K. Suzuki, P. Gubler et al.

206

Thermodynamics and reference scale of SU(3) gauge theory from gradient flow on fine lattices

M. Kitazawa, M. Asakawa et al.

207

Lifshitz-type SU(N) lattice gauge theory in five dimensions

T. Kanazawa, A. Yamamoto

208

First results of baryon interactions from lattice QCD with physical masses (1) -- General overview T. Doi, S. Aoki et al.
and two-nucleon forces --209

Towards Lattice QCD Baryon Forces at the Physical Point: First Results

210

Heavy Quark Diffusion in Strong Magnetic Fields at Weak Coupling and Implication to Elliptic Flow K. Fukushima, K. Hattori et al.

211

Dipolar quantization and the infinite circumference limit of 2d conformal field theories

N. Ishibashi, T. Tada

212

D mesons in a magnetic field

P. Gubler, K. Hattori et al.

213

Mesons in strong magnetic fields: (I) General analyses

K. Hattori, T. Kojo et al.

214

Cigar-shaped quarkonia under strong magnetic field

K. Suzuki, T. Yoshida

215

Sharing lattice QCD data over a widely distributed file system

T. Amagasa, S. Aoki et al.

216

Fate of the Tetraquark Candidate Zc(3900) in Lattice QCD

Y. Ikeda, S. Aoki et al.

217

Classical Integrability for Three-Point Functions: Cognate Structure at Weak and Strong
Couplings

Y. Kazama, S. Komatsu et al.

218

Effective field theory and the scattering process for magnons in the ferromagnet,
antiferromagnet, and ferrimagnet

S. Gongyo, Y. Kikuchi et al.

T. Doi, S. Aoki et al.

CNS-REP94

CNS Annual Report 2014

T. Gunji, Y. Kishi- 474 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

Nishina Center Preprint server (not including Partner Institution) can be found at
http://nishina-preprints.riken.jp/- 475 -

VIII. LIST OF SYMPOSIA,
WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Symposia & Workshops (April 2015 - March 2016)
RNC
1

21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics CHEP2015
http://chep2015.kek.jp/index.html

OIST

Apr. 13-17

2

RIKEN Symposium (Category C) - Lipids Structure and Dynamics -Main Bldg. 424/426

May 14

3

Workshop on Science with SpiRIT TPC
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1773

RIBF Conference Hall

Jun. 5-6

4

1st Workshop on Compact Cyclotrons for High Power Ion Beams (CC2015)
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1937

RIBF Conference Hall

Jun. 26, 29

5

RI ビームファクトリー大強度化計画に関するキックオフ・ミーティング
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1985

Nishina Hall

Jul. 296

停止低速放射性同位体の精密核分光(SSRI-PNS)のコラボレーションミーティング
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2008

Aoba Science Hall,
Tohoku Unviersity

Sep. 3-5

7

SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop 2015
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1790

RIBF Conference Hall

Sep. 7-8

8

13th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT2015)
http://www.rarf.riken.jp/hiat2015/index.html

WORKPIAYOKOHAMA

Sep. 7-11

9

PHENIX pre-QM15 Collaboration Meeting
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1949

Okochi Hall

Sep. 25-27

10

Quark Matter 2015
http://qm2015.riken.jp/index.php?id=0

KOBE Fashion Mart

Sep. 27- Oct. 3

11

MPGD2015 (4th International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors)
https://agenda.infn.it/conferenceDisplay.py?ovw=True&confId=8839

Stazione Marittima
Congress Center,
TriesteOct. 12-17

12

pre-DNP sPHENIX Workshop
https://www.panic05.lanl.gov/sphenix/tracking_mtg.html

Hilton Santafe

Oct. 27

13

1st International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST2015)
http://icst.ugm.ac.id/

UGM Yogyakarta,
Indonesia

Nov. 11-13

14

Comprehensive Studies of Neutron Star
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2078

Nishina Hall

Nov. 24-25

15

Physics at Fragment Separators -- 25th anniversary of RIKEN RI Beam Facility
https://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1907

Shonan Village
Center

Dec. 6-7

16

The 31st Reimei Workshop on Hadron Physics in Extreme Condition
http://asrc.jaea.go.jp/soshiki/gr/hadron/workshop/reimei2016/index.html

JAEA

Jan. 18-20

17

変異創成によるグリーンイノベーションの未来 − 花・食・エネルギー

Suzuki Umetaro Hall

Jan. 21-22

18

Frontier of the Muon Science Applications

Main Bldg.
224/226/424/426 ,Main Cafeteria

Feb.16-17

19

8th Japan-Italy Symposium
https://indico2.riken.jp/indico/confLogin.py?returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Findico2.riken.jp%2Fin
dico%2FconferenceDisplay.py%3FconfId%3D2150&confId=2150

Nishina Hall

Mar. 7-10

20

Measurements of Reaction & Charge Changing Cross Sections for Ni Isotopes and Related Topics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2171

RIBF building room
401

Mar. 11- 477 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

CNS
1

OEDO-SHARAQ International Collaboration Workshop
http://indico.cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=244

CNS

Sept. 8-92

第 12 回 AVF サイクロトロン合同打合せ

RIKEN

Oct. 1–2- 478 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

List of Seminars (April 2015 - March 2016)
Nuclear Physics Monthly Colloquium
1

Kozi Nakai (KEK)

核物理・核化学・核医学
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1810

Apr. 242

Shoji Nagamiya (RIKEN/KEK)

J-PARC 建設から今後へ
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1970

Oct. 6

3

Yoshiko Kanada-En'yo (Kyoto
U.)

Clustering in light neutron-rich nuclei
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2152

Feb. 16

RIBF Nuclear Physics Seminar
1

Hirofumi NODA (RNC)

宇宙 X 線衛星「すざく」で迫る活動銀河核エンジンの新たな描像
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1821

Apr. 142

Susumu Shimoura (CNS)New energy degraded beam project at RIBF - OEDO project –http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1842

May 22

3

Valeria Pershina (GSI)

Relativistic Quantum Chemistry for Chemical Identification of the Superheavy Elements
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1844

Jun. 2

4

Kei Kotake (Fukuoka U.)

Probing Core-Collapse Supernova Physics with Multi-Messenger Observations
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1855

Jun. 23

5

Takaharu Otsuka (CNS)

Structure evolutions in exotic nuclei and nuclear forces
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1905

Jul. 1-2

6

Nami SAKAI (RIKEN)

Astrochemical Approach to Star and Planet Formation
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1938

Jul. 14

7

Fumiharu Kobayashi (Niigata
U.)

Investigation of two-nucleon spatial correlation in light unstable nuclei
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1944

Jul. 178

Keiichi Kisamori (RNC)

A candidate of a tetra-neutron state populated by 4He(8He,8Be) reaction
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1958

Jul. 219

Zaihong Yang (RNC)

The cluster structure in light neutron-rich nuclei
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1988

Sep. 15

10

Hajime Togashi (RNC)

Nuclear equation of state for core-collapse simulations with realistic nuclear forces
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2051

Oct. 27

11

Steven Karataglidis (U.
Johannesburg)

Mapping the densities of exotic nuclei
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2056

Nov. 20

12

Hans Werner Hammer(Theory Center, Institute of
Nuclear Physics, TU
Darmstadt)

Few-body universality and halo nuclei
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2072

Nov. 27

13

Hiroshi Toki (RCNP)

Tensor optimized antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (TOAMD)
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2087

Dec. 11

14

Philipp Schrock (CNS)The Electric Dipole Response of 132Sn
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2118

Dec. 17

15

Takuya Maeyama (RNC)

Application and development of 3D chemical dosimetry using gel matrix for heavy ion beam
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2135

Dec. 2216

Peter H. Schury (KEK)

Present status and future plans for MRTOF-MS at RIBF
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2147

Feb. 12- 479 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)17

Daisuke Suzuki (RNC)

Illuminating alpha clusters in an active target and time projection chamber
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2209

Mar. 29

Lecture Series on Nuclear Physics
not held in FY2015

Special Seminar
not held in FY2015

Seminar by Each Laboratory
Theoretical Research Division1

Tilo Wettig (U. Regensburg)

QHP Seminar:
Induced QCD with two bosonic flavors

Apr. 3

2

Kanako Yamazaki (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Hadrons in the PNJL model for interacting quarks

Apr. 13

3

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Self-consistent studies on nuclear spin-isospin excitations

Apr. 13

4

Kei Suzuki (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Heavy meson properties in extreme environments from QCD sum rules

Apr. 20

5Hiroshi Ohki (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Walking and conformal dynamics in many flavor QCD on the lattice

Apr. 20

6

Tatsuhiro Misumi (Keio U.)

QHP Seminar:
Bions and related topics

Apr. 27

7

Akihiko Monnai (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Exploring the shining quark-gluon plasma in nuclear collisions

May 8

8

Hiroaki Sumiyoshi (Kyoto U.)

QHP Seminar:
Torsional response and quantum anomaly in Weyl semimetal with dislocation

May 11

9

Satoshi Nagi (Japan Fisheries
Research and Education
Agency)

珪藻の生活史、生態、ゲノム研究、および研究の将来展望について

May 15

10

Tomoki Otsuki (Kavli Institutefor the Physics andMathematics of the Universe)

QHP Seminar:
Bootstrapping controversial phase transitions

May 18

11

Koutarou Kyutoku (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Exploring tidal effects in coalescing binary neutron stars in numerical relativity

May 25

12

Shoichi Sasaki (Tohoku U.)

QHP Seminar:
Potential description of the charmonium from lattice QCD

Jun. 113

Shinya Gongyo (Kyoto U.)

QHP Seminar:Phase structure of SU(2) Higgs model on the latticeJun. 814

Panagiota Papakonstantinou(RISP, IBS)QHP Seminar:
Beyond the mean-field picture, with realistic nuclear interactions

Jun. 9- 480 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)15

Kenji Fukushima (U. Tokyo)

QHP Seminar:
Chiral Gap EffectJun. 15

16

Teruaki Enoto (Kyoto U.)

宇宙Ｘ線で見る中性子星の多様性と磁気現象の物理

Jun. 15

17

Gergely Fejos (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Functional renormalization group analysis of the chiral linear sigma modelJun. 22

18

Tomoya Murata (Osaka U.)

SNP Seminar:
Neutrino induced 4He break up reaction

Jun. 2219

Kengo Kikuchi (Kyoto U.)

QHP Seminar:
Generalized Gradient Flow Equation and Its Applications

Jun. 29

20

Shinsei Ryu (U. Illinois)

QHP Seminar:
Quantum anomalies in symmetry-protected topological phases

Jul. 6

21

Takahiro Sagawa (U. Tokyo)

QHP Seminar:
Thermodynamics of Information Processing

Jul. 622

Wolfram Weise (ECT* Trento,
Italy and TU Munich)

QHP Seminar:
Nuclear Phases, Neutron Stars and the Functional Renormalization Group

Jul. 14

23

Madanagopalan Padmanath(U. Graz)

QHP Seminar:
Excited state charm baryon spectroscopy from lattice QCD

Jul. 21

24

Thorsten Kurth (LBNL)QHP Seminar:
Nuclear Physics from Lattice QCD - Higher Partial Waves and Parity Violation

Jul. 21

25

Sayantan Sharma (BNL)QHP Seminar:
The high temperature phase of QCD and axial anomaly

Jul. 21

26

Kei Yamamoto (KEK)

SNP Seminar:
Probing high scale SUSY in low energy FCNC

Jul. 22

27

Petr Vesely (Nuclear Physics
Institute)

SNP Seminar:
Hypernuclear Spectra within Mean Field and Beyond Mean Field ApproachJul. 27

28

Evan Berkowitz (Lawrence
Livermore National
Laboratory)

QHP Seminar:
Lattice QCD Input to Axion Cosmology

Jul. 27

29

Y. F. Niu (INFN, and China
Academy of Engineering
Physics)QHP Seminar:
Particle-vibration coupling effects on Gamow-Teller transition and beta-decay of magic nuclei

Jul. 30

30

Jean-Paul Blaizot (Saclay)

QHP Seminar:
Heavy quark bound states in a quark-gluon plasma

Aug. 1031

Di-Lun Yang (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Collective Flow of Photons in Strongly Coupled Gauge Theories

Oct. 532

Yang-Ting Chien (Los Alamos
National Laboratory)

QHP Seminar:
Towards the Understanding of Jet Shapes and Cross Sections in Heavy Ion Collisions Using
Soft Collinear Effective Theory

Oct. 7

33

Francesco Becattini (U.
Florence)

QHP Seminar:
Quantum corrections to the stress energy tensor in thermodynamic

Oct. 934

Taro Kimura (Keio U.)

QHP Seminar:
Domain-wall/overlap, and topological insulators

Oct. 1935

Carlo Barbieri (U. Surrey)

SNP Seminar:
Medium-mass isotopes from three-nucleon chiral interactions and Lattice QCD forces

Oct. 19

36

Takuo Tanaka (RIKEN)

SNP seminar :光メタマテリアル

Oct. 19

37

Hiroshi Suzuki (Kyushu U.)

QHP Seminar:
Lattice energy-moemtnum tensor from the gradient flow

Nov. 2- 481 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)38

Nguyen Thanh Phuc (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:Controlling and probing non-Abelian emergent gauge potentials in spinor Bose-Fermi
mixturesNov. 939

Doerte Blume (Washington
State U.)SNP Seminar:
The helium Efimov trimer and larger bosonic dropletsNov. 1240

Takuma Yamashita (Tohoku
U.)

SNP Seminar:
Weakly binding system of positronic alkali atom: relativistic effects and resonance states

Nov. 20

41

Hirotsugu Fujii (U. Tokyo)

QHP Seminar:
Lefschetz thimble method applied to 1 dim Thirring model at finite density

Nov. 30

42

Gen Tatara (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Thermal vector potential theory of transport induced by temperature gradientDec. 743

Shin-ichiro Fujimoto(ABB/Kumamoto U.)

Nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions of massive stars
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2119

Dec. 844

Yasuro Funaki (RNC)

Triple-alpha reaction
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2119

Dec. 745

Kazuo Makishima (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Recent Studies of Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars

Dec. 1446

Kenta Miyahara (Kyoto U.)

SNP Seminar:
Weak decays of charmed baryons for the study of strange baryon resonances

Dec. 1847

Keitaro Nagata (KEK)

QHP Seminar:
A new method for fermionic singular-drift problem in complex Langevin method

Dec. 2148

Ulugbek Yakhshiev (Inha U.)

SNP Seminar:
From nucleons to nucleonic systems (Chiral soliton approach)Jan. 649

Andrey Mishchenko (RIKEN)

Bold diagrammatic Monte Carlo and unbiased analytic continuation methods to get unbiased
solutions for many-particle problems
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2137

Jan/ 18

50

Nilakash Sorokhaibam (TataInstitute of Fundamental
Research)

QHP Internal Seminar:
2D Critical quench, Thermalization and UV/IR mixing

Jan. 22

51

Yuki Yokokura (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
Thermodynamic entropy as a Noether invariant

Jan. 25

52

Keiichio Tokita (Nagoya U.)

自己免疫疾患の分子擬態モデル

Jan. 25

53

Hiroshi Isozaki (U. Tsukuba)

QHP Seminar:
Mathematical aspects of quantum mechanical many-body problems

Feb. 154

Jaeha Lee (U. Tokyo)

QHP Seminar:
Weak Value and Uncertainty Relations based on Quasi-probability Distributions of Quantum
Observables

Feb. 3

55

Takuya Kanazawa (RIKEN)QHP Seminar:
QCD and nonrelativistic superfluids

Feb. 8

56

Naoki Yamamoto (Keio U.)

トポロジカル輸送現象：物性から宇宙物理まで

Feb. 957

Sho Fujibayashi (Kyoto U.)

QHP Seminar:
Nucleosynthesis in Neutrino-driven Winds in Hypernovae

Feb. 1558

Shin Watanabe (Kyushu U.)

QHP Seminar:
Dynamic properties of 6Li elastic scattering

Feb. 1759

Hideaki Obuse (Hokkaido U.)

QHP Seminar:
Conformal invariance at the Anderson transition

Feb. 2260

Koichi Sato (RNC)

QHP Seminar:
Gauge symmetry in large-amplitude collective motion of superfluid nuclei

Feb. 29- 482 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)61

Ryo Yoshiike (Kyoto U.)

QHP Seminar:
Magnetic properties of quark matter in the inhomogeneous chiral phaseFeb. 29

62

Yusuke Horinouchi (U. Tokyo)

QHP Seminar:
Topological property of a limit cycle and universal four-body bound states in Efimov physics

Mar. 7

63

Shinjiro Ogita (Hiroshima
Pref. U.)

タケの高機能化に適した細胞・組織培養系樹立と活用

Mar. 1164

Shuichiro Ebata (HokkaidoU.) et al.

Progress in and beyond Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2187

Mar.
28-29

QHP Seminar -> http://ribf.riken.jp/QHP/seminar.html
SNP Seminar -> http://snp.riken.jp/seminar.html

Sub Nuclear System Research Division1

Matt Sievert (BNL)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Apr. 2

2

Susanta Lahiri (SINP)

A Ride on Time Machine

Apr. 93

Yuji Hirono (Stony Brook U.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Apr. 164

Hongxi Xing (LANL)RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

May 7

5

Yan Fen
Malaysia)

Liquid-Structure and Dynamics

May 12

6

MichalPraszalowicz(Jagiellonian U.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

May 14

7

Piotr Warchol (Jagiellonian U.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

May 21

8

Antonio
Vairo
Technical U.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jun. 49Abhay Deshpande(SUNY/RBRC)

Understanding the Glue that Binds Us All — The science of Electron Ion Collider
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1915

Jun. 12

10

Yi Yin (BNL)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jun. 18

11

Jacobus Verbaarschot (Stony
Brook U.)RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jun. 25

12

Chia Cheng Chang (U. Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jul. 2

13

Wen-Chen Chang (Institute ofPhysics, Academia Sinica)

Study Nucleon Partonic Structure at High-Momentum Beamline at J-PARC
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1904

Jul. 3

14

Ho-Ung Yee (U. Illinois at
Chicago)RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jul. 30

15

Emilio Bagan (GIQ, Physics
Dept., UAB, Spain and HunterCollege of the CUNY)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Aug. 13

16

Jorge Noronha (U. Sao Paulo)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Sep. 3

Lee

(U.

Sains

(Munich- 483 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)17

Dmitri Kharzeev (Stony Brook
U., BNL)

The Chiral Magnetic Effect: from Quark-gluon Plasma to Dirac Semimetals

Sep. 24

18

Thorben Graf (Institut fürTheoretische Physik, Johann
Wolfgang Goethe-Universität)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Oct. 15

19

Hiroshi Ohki (RBRC
Computing Group)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Oct. 2220

Adam Lichtl (Delta Brain, Inc.)RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Nov. 521

Elisabetta Furlan (ETH,
Zurich)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Nov. 1222

Kiminad Mamo (U. Illinois at
Chicago)RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Nov. 19

23

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

Physics Seminar, Department of Physics

Nov. 24

24

Louis Lello (U. Pittsburgh)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Dec. 325

Derek Horkel (U. Washington)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Dec. 10

26

Takumi Iritani (Stony BrookU.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Dec. 17

27

Rasmus Larsen (Stony BrookU.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Jan. 1428

Ralf Seidl (RNC)

Emerging Spin and Transverse Momentum Effects in pp and p+a Collisions
https://www.bnl.gov/estm2016/

Feb. 8

29

Niklas Mueller (U. Heidelberg)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Mar. 330

Taku Izubuchi (BNL/ RBRC)

Lattice Gauge theories 2016
https://www.bnl.gov/events/details.php?q=11302

Mar.9

31

Mark Mace (Stony Brook U.)

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk

Mar. 31

RIKEN/BNL Lunch Time Talk -> https://sites.google.com/site/rikenlunch/talks

RIBF Research Division
1

Tomoki KIMURA (RNC)

High Energy Astrophysics Lab. Seminar:
High energy plasma accelerations in rotating planetary magnetospheres probed bymulti-wavelength remote sensing and in-situ measurement
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1845

May 14

2

Noboru Sasao (Okayama U.),
Motohiko Yoshimura(Okayama U.)

新しいニュートリノビームとガンマ線ビームの生成法について
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1941

Jun. 22

3

Yasuyuki Tanaka (Hiroshima
U.)

High Energy Astrophysics Lab. Seminar:
フェルミ衛星と多波長データで探る Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C 120, 3C 111 における相対論的ジ
ェットの散逸領域、散逸機構、超高速アウトフローとの関連性

Jul. 94

Gu Liyi (Netherlands Institutefor Space Research, SRON)

Charge exchange emission from astrophysical plasmas

Jul. 30

5

Kumiko Nobukawa (Kyoto U.)

High Energy Astrophysics Lab. Seminar:
銀河リッジ X 線放射の中性鉄輝線の起源

Nov. 12- 484 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 49 (2016)

6

Mathias Frey (ETH)

Matched Distributions in Cyclotrons with Higher Order Moments of the Charge Distribution
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2099

Nov. 25

7

Kathrin Wimmer (U. Tokyo),
Kazuyuki Ogata (RCNP, OsakaU.)

13th RIBF Discussion
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2079

Nov. 27

8

Hitoshi Nakada (Chiba U.)

Evidence for threenucleon interaction in isotope shifts of Z=magic nuclei

Dec. 219Peter Möller (Los Alamos
National Laboratory)

CURRENT STATUS, RESULTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE FRDM/FRLDM FOR NUCLEARGROUND-STATE AND FISSION PROPERTIES
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2156

Jan. 27

10

Hitoshi Nakada (Chiba U.) etal.

第 8 回 停止・低速 RI ビームを用いた核分光研究会（SSRI）
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2169

Mar. 4-5

11

Ruben de Groote (KU Leuven)

Collinear laser spectroscopy measurements performed by the Leuven nuclear moments
group at ISOLDE, CERN
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2205

Mar. 15High Energy Astrophysics Lab. Seminar -> http://astro.riken.jp/wordpress/?page_id=65

CNS
1

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

Nuclear spin and isospin physics in collective excitations andsingle-particle spectra

June. 23

2

Andrea Vitturi (U.
Padova/INFN)

Pair transfer reactions as a structure spectroscopic tool for the
study of pairing interactions

July. 143

Andrea Vitturi

Excitation of low-lying (PDR) and high-lying (GDR) dipole modes inneutron-rich nuclei by nuclear and electromagnetic fields

July. 16

4

Anatoli Afanasjev (Mississippi
State U.)The extremes of nuclear landscape in density functional theory

July. 21

5

Prof. Takaharu OTSUKA(UT,
CNS)

Structure evolutions in exotic nuclei and nuclear forces

July. 2-3

6

Prof. Olga BELIUSKINA (CNS)

July. 16

7

Prof. Umesh GARG (Univ. of
Notre Dame)

On the synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes along the N=126 shell in multinucleon transfer
reactions,
Diamond dE-E-ToF telescope for heavy ion reactions at low energies
Exotic Quantal Rotation in Nuclei

July. 23

8

Dr. Philipp SCHROCK (CNS)The Electric Dipole Response of 132Sn

Dec. 17

9

Koichi Hagino (Tohoku Univ.)

Heavy-ion subbarrier fusion: a sensitive tool to probe nuclear structure

Feb. 22- 485 -

理化学研究所

埼玉県 和光市 広沢
RIKEN 2016-035