JCM_LA_AM003_ver01.0
Sectoral scope: 02
Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology LA_AM003“Installation of energy efficient transformers in a power distribution grid”

A. Title of the methodology
Installation of energy efficient transformers in a power distribution grid, Version 1.0

B. Terms and definitions
Terms

Definitions

Power distribution grid

The portion of the electric system that is dedicated todelivering electricity to the end-users.

No-load losses

Losses of electricity due to transformer core magnetizingor energizing. These losses occur whenever a transformer
is energized and remain constant regardless of the amountof electricity flowing through it.

Load losses

Losses of electricity due to resistance in the electricalwinding of the transformer. Contrary to no-load losses, theamount of load losses depends on the electrical current.
These losses include eddy current losses in the primaryand secondary conductors of the transformer. These losses
occur when the electricity flows through the transformer.

C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHG

emissionmeasures

Summary
reduction Installation of energy efficient transformers (transformers withamorphous metal core) in a power distribution grid reduces
no-load losses by transformers, which leads to reduction oflosses for grid electricity, thus reduction of GHG emissions.

Calculation
emissions

ofreference Reference emissions are calculated by no-load losses of thereference transformer, blackout rate and CO2 emission factorof the grid.

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Calculationofproject Project emissions are calculated by no-load losses of theemissions

project transformer, maximum allowable uncertainty for the
no-load losses of the project transformer, blackout rate andCO2 emission factor of the grid.

Monitoring parameters

Energizing time of the project transformer

D. Eligibility criteria

This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

Single-phase and/or three-phase oil-immersed transformer with amorphous
metal core is installed in the distribution grid.
Load losses of the project transformer determined in line with IEC 60076-1 ornational/industrial standards complying with IEC 60076-1 is equal or smaller

Criterion 2

than the standard values or specification values of load loss, required by thepower company of the grid where the project transformer is installed,corresponding to its capacity and number of phases.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

No-load losses of grid electricity by reference transformers

CO2Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

No-load losses of grid electricity by project transformers

CO2

F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
Transformer with silicon steel core is commonly installed in Lao PDR. On the other hand,transformer with amorphous metal core has been installed to a very limited extent. Also, powercompanies in Lao PDR have the standard for no-load losses when procuring transformers, andsuch no-load losses are established on the basis of transformer with silicon steel core.

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Reference emissions are calculated by applying no-load loss of the reference transformer andblackout rate conservatively. The no-load losses of the reference transformer are determined ex
ante by applying the lower value of the latest standard for no-load losses or the specification
value of no-load losses where applicable, required by the power companies where the projecttransformer is installed. Blackout rate varies among the regions, and it is improving year byyear. The default value of blackout rate in Lao PDR is set by selecting the worst (highest) value
among all areas.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions
The reference emissions, REp, during the period p are given by:RE୮ = ෍൫NLLୖ୉,୧,୨,୩ × H୧,୮ ൯ × ൫1 − Br୮ ൯ × EF୥୰୧ୢ × 10ି଺୧Where:RE୮: Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

i: Identification number of the reference transformer

j: Identification number of the power company where the transformer i isinstalled

k: Index which represents type of the reference transformer defined by its
capacity and number of phases

NLLୖ୉,୧,୨,୩

H୧,୮
Br୮

EF୥୰୧ୢ

: No-load losses of the reference transformer i of capacity category k for thepower company j [W]: Energizing time of the project transformer i during the period p [hour/p]: Blackout rate during the period p [fraction]: CO2 emission factor of the grid [tCO2/MWh]

G. Calculation of project emissions
The project emissions, PE୮ , during the period p are given by:Where:PE୮PE୮ = ෍ൣNLL୔୎,୧,୨,୩ × (1 + UNC୧ ) × H୧,୮ ൧ × ൫1 − Br୮ ൯ × EF୥୰୧ୢ × 10ି଺୧

: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

i: Identification number of the project transformer

j: Identification number of the power company where the transformer i is
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k: Index which represents type of the project transformer defined by its
capacity and number of phases

NLL୔୎,୧,୨,୩

UNC୧
H୧,୮

Br୮

EF୥୰୧ୢ

: No-load losses of the project transformer i of capacity category k for thepower company j [W]: Maximum allowable uncertainty for the no-load losses of the projecttransformer i [fraction]: Energizing time of the project transformer i during the period p [hour/p]: Blackout rate during the period p [fraction]: CO2 emission factor of the grid [tCO2/MWh]

H. Calculation of emissions reductions
The emission reductions, ER ୮ , during the period p are given by:
ER ୮ = RE୮ − PE୮

Where:ER ୮RE୮PE୮: Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]: Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter

Description of data

NLLୖ୉,୧,୨,୩

No-load losses of the reference transformer i

The latest standard forof capacity category k for the power company

no-load loss required by thej.

power companies, or theThe no-load losses of the reference

specification value oftransformer i are determined ex ante by

no-load losses set by theapplying the lower value of the latest standard

power companies

for no-load losses or the specification value of
no-load losses where applicable, required by
the power companies where the projecttransformer is installed, corresponding to thecapacity and number of phases of the projecttransformer i.

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NLL୔୎,୧,୨,୩

No-load losses of the project transformer i of

Values sourced from

capacity category k for the power company j.

manufacturer’s performance
test report measured at thetime of pre-delivery
inspection or those definedin the tender specification of
the power companies

Br୮Blackout rate during the period p.

Data obtained from powercompaniesDefault value: 1.55%
UNC୧

Maximum allowable uncertainty for theManufacturer’s performanceno-load losses of the project transformer i.

test report measured at thetime of pre-delivery
inspection or 0.15 as
specified in IEC 60076 incase the value is not
specified in the performance
test reportEF୥୰୧ୢCO2 emission factor of the grid.

The most recent valueannounced by the Ministryof Natural Resources andEnvironment (MONRE),
DNA for CDM available atthe time of validation isapplied and fixed for themonitoring period thereafter,
unless otherwise instructedby the Joint Committee

History of the document
Version01.0

Date
10 August 2018

Contents revised
JC4, annex 2
Initial approval.

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