Vision and Strategies
Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration
December 2014 (amended October 2015)

Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council

Contents
I.

World Cultural Heritage Fujisan Vision

1

II.

Delineation of Pilgrim Routes on the Lower Slopes of the Mountain

11

III.

Visitor Management Strategy

33

IV.

Overall Conservation Approach for the Upper Access Routes
and Their Associated Huts and Tractor Routes

57

V.

Interpretation Strategy

67

VI.

Risk Management Strategy

81

VII.

Development Control

95

VIII. Strengthening of Monitoring Indicators

127World Cultural Heritage Fujisan Vision- To Pass on its Spiritual and Aesthetic Qualities to Future Generations (Response to Comments and Recommendations of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee)

24 December 2014
Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council(Amended on 23 October 2015)
1 Preamble
Fujisan, Japan’s highest peak, is a beautiful conical stratovolcano that is representative andsymbolic of Japan. Its majestic, sublime shape has nurtured the spiritual attitudes of Japanesepeople toward the nature as well as the art and culture that are unique to Japan. It has been aspiritual center for Japanese people throughout the long history of Japan. Not only did thefire-erupting sacred mountain inspire a feeling of awe and respect in the people but its sacred,beautiful shape also aroused deep admiration. Eventually, Fujisan came to be known by many
people around the world through the Ukiyo-e wood block prints by Katsushika Hokusai andUtagawa Hiroshige.
Due to such values of Fujisan, the World Heritage Committee at its 37th session in 2013
(hereinafter referred to as “the World Heritage Committee”) inscribed “Fujisan – Sacred Placeand Source of Artistic Inspiration” (hereinafter referred to as “Fujisan”) on the UNESCO World
Heritage List as a cultural heritage property. In adopting the decision for inscription, the World
Heritage Committee made comments and recommendations to Japan for the future improvementof its state of conservation, requesting the submission of a state of conservation report by 1
February 2016.
We, the people of Japan, accept these comments, recommendations, and requests sincerely andspare no effort in addressing issues for improvement and responding to the requests. We have aninternational responsibility to pass on to future generations the Outstanding Universal Value of
Fujisan as a “treasure of the world”.
The landscape of Fujisan is a record of a long history of the people who lived there and createdlivelihoods from the natural landforms, spring waters, and plants of the area. This history also
includes the wisdom of the people who have been confronting Fujisan as a volcano and managed
to coexist with it. In response to the comments, recommendations, and requests made by theWorld Heritage Committee, it is necessary to present concepts concerning, and methods for, thepreservation and utilization of Fujisan with all such characteristics of the landscape considered
and with its role as “object of worship” and “source of artistic inspiration” at the core.

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In setting out a roadmap for solving problems and taking action, it is essential that governmentand other relevant organizations take the lead in making the utmost effort to enable the people ofJapan, including local residents, to participate in, and contribute to, measures for the preservation
and utilization of Fujisan. Information must be shared closely and mutually and between allparties, and roles allocated appropriately. It is our conviction that through such a process we canconvey to the world the strong message regarding the measures taken for the preservation andutilization of this World Cultural Heritage, Fujisan.
In light of the above, the Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council hereby adopts the “World
Cultural Heritage Fujisan Vision” 1, as the embodiment of the resolution of the people of Japan,
including but not limited to those who live on and around Fujisan, to ensure the protection of thespiritual and aesthetic qualities of this World Cultural Heritage, Fujisan, and improve its
condition and that of the surrounding area.
2 Background to the Inscription Decision (with Comments, Recommendations, andRequests)
The World Heritage Committee adopted the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value when it
decided to inscribe Fujisan on the World Heritage List, clearly stating that its value as a World
Cultural Heritage property is based on two characteristics.
Fujisan has the characteristics of being a “sacred place”, and many people have been trying toclimb to its peak as an act of worship. It also has the characteristic of being a “source of artistic
inspiration”, which has inspired various works of literature and art, even influencing European art,
particularly through the Ukiyo-e wood block prints of Katsushika Hokusai and Utagawa
Hiroshige in early 19th century. The Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan unifies both of thesefeatures.
The area of Fujisan inscribed as a World Cultural Heritage property consists of 25 component
parts, including: (i) Fujisan Mountain Area; (ii) several ascending routes and a group of
Sengen-jinja Shinto shrines at the foot of the mountain that serve as the starting points for thoseroutes; (iii) lava tree molds, lakes and ponds, waterfalls, and pine tree grove on and around themountain, which are revered as spiritual spots; and (iv) viewpoints of the Fujisan Mountain Area.
They are widely distributed, centering on (i) the Fujisan Mountain Area, from the peak to its base.
To pass on its Outstanding Universal Value as a whole to future generations, it is extremely
important to make the inter-relationships between these component parts clearly recognizable1

2 |This vision, together with strategies and approaches that have been developed from it, constitutes one of
the attached documents of the “Comprehensive Preservation and Management Plan for World Heritage,Fujisan”, revised by the relevant ministries and agencies (Agency for Cultural Affairs, Ministry of theEnvironment, and Forestry Agency), Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant
municipalities on January 2016.

from the perspective of the mountain being both a “sacred place” and a “ source of artistic
inspiration”.
The area inscribed as the World Cultural Heritage is designated as a Special Place of Scenic
Beauty, Special Natural Monuments, Historic Sites, Place of Scenic Beauties, Natural
Monuments, or Important Cultural Properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties and as a Special Protection Zone or Special Zone under the Natural Parks Law. It isalso managed as a National Forest under the Law on the Administration and Management of
National Forests. Protection measures under the applicable laws of Japan for the protection ofboth culture and nature have been taken.
Through the process of nominating Fujisan for inscription as a cultural heritage property on theWorld Heritage List, the understanding of the cultural value of Fujisan has spread, and measurestaken for its conservation have resulted in great progress. Candidate component parts that had notbeen protected by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties became designated by theGovernment of Japan as National Cultural Properties before nomination, as was the case with
Historic Site, Fujisan, and Place of Scenic Beauty, Fuji Five Lakes. With regard to the Place of
Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument, Shiraito no Taki waterfalls, and the Natural Monument,
Oshino Hakkai springs, the state of their surrounding environments has been improved. Efforts
such as periodic cleaning and public announcements to climbers and other visitors for better
behavior have resulted in an increased number of people carrying out trash. The planned
installation of environmentally-sensitive toilets has made steady progress. As a result, thesituation regarding garbage and human waste on the mountain has improved.
There has been improvement in the management of ascending routes etc. and the shape and colorof the mountain huts along those routes. Awareness for environmental conservation has also
become more profound, as is shown, for example, in the establishment of opportunities forcommunication and consensus building at the community level such as the “Meeting for theCreation of Fuji Five Lakes for Tomorrow” which is discussing the uses of the lakes andlandscaping.
In light of the aforementioned background, the World Heritage Committee has recognized pastefforts of local communities in attempting to address issues by referring them in its Decision(Statement of Outstanding Universal Value) and, at the same time, the Committee has pointed out
issues that remain outstanding. In relation to these issues, suggestions for solution or mitigation
were made as summarized below. Also included are the six recommendations for operationalizing
a management system to manage the whole property, consisting of 25 component parts, “as anentity” and “as a cultural landscape”, including the buffer zone.
The comments given in the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value are related to the need for|3

tighter control of the scale, location, and siting of the buildings on the lower flanks of themountain (hereinafter referred to as “development controls”).
The six recommendations were to: a) put in place an overall vision; b) delineate the pilgrim
routes on the lower slopes of the mountain 2; c) develop a visitor management strategy based on
researched carrying capacities for the upper access routes; d) develop an overall conservation
approach for the upper access routes; e) develop an interpretation strategy; and f) strengthen themonitoring indicators.
Furthermore, the World Heritage Committee requested that Japan submit a State of Conservation
Report by the 1st February 2016 for examination at its 40th session in 2016, to provide a progress
update on: the aforementioned recommendations; the development of a risk management
strategy; and the overall revision of the management plan to reflect a cultural landscapeapproach.

3 Purposes of the Vision
In light of the aforementioned background, the Fujisan Cultural Heritage Council hereby sets
forth the “ World Cultural Heritage Fujisan Vision” with the following four purposes.
To respect fully the comments and recommendations in the decision of the 37th session of theWorld Heritage Committee (37COM 8B.29) and to ensure that the Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan is passed on to future generations, attitudes and activities that have proven successful
regarding the preservation and utilization of cultural heritage properties and the surrounding
environments during the process of nomination and inscription are to be continued and passed on
to future generations with deeper penetration and further development.
The two aspects of Outstanding Universal Value, “sacred place” and “source of artistic
inspiration”, are deeply related to the spiritual and aesthetic qualities of Fujisan, respectively. To
maintain and enhance these two attributes and ensure comprehensive management of the property
consisting of 25 component parts “as an entity”, necessary strategies and approaches are set forth.
The area at the foot of the mountain, including the “skirts” of Fujisan, has been an arena forpeople’s lives and livelihoods over a long period of time. It also has a long history as arepresentative destination for tourism and recreation in Japan. In addition, it has shaped thewisdom of people who have coexisted with the volcano. In light of such history, desirable stylesof land use are to be projected, setting out strategies and approaches to build a sustainable,
positive relationship between the people and the mountain based on management of it as a2

4 |“Pilgrim routes on the lower slopes” are the pilgrimage routes located on the mountain slopes lower than
“Umageshi”, one of the boundaries associated with the sacredness of Fujisan, which connect the upper
access routes with spiritual places on the mountain and at the mountain foot.

“cultural landscape”, without compromising the principle of passing on the Outstanding
Universal Value of Fujisan to future generations.
To realize the aforementioned items and to operationalize an effective management system,
efforts are to be made to build consensus and deepen understanding not only among stakeholders
at local levels but also widely, among the people of Japan; measures for preservation andutilization that are expected to show immediate effect are to be implemented with certainty andmeasures to be realized in the long term are to be implemented in a stepwise, planned manner.
4 Preservation and Utilization Reflecting the Management of the Property “as an
Entity” and “as a Cultural Landscape”
Strategies and approaches are to be developed with a view to achieving preservation andmanagement that reflect appropriate approaches and mechanisms for the management of theWorld Heritage property, Fujisan, consisting of the 25 component parts, not only “as an entity”
but also “as a cultural landscape”.
Fujisan is “an entity” constituting an “object of worship” and a “source of artistic inspiration”;
individual component parts should not be considered in isolation.
The “preservation and utilization reflecting the management of the property ‘as an entity’” is tobe construed as “clarifying the interrelations between the 25 component parts, based on worshipascents and pilgrimage, and maintaining the excellent visual landscapes from the two viewpoints
represented in artistic works (Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko andthe Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove), so that both can be recognized and shared”.
This focus should set out appropriate examples, for future discussion and exploration, of “desired
styles of Fujisan ascents”, considering its characteristics as an “object of worship”, and with aview to conserving theexcellent visual landscapes of Fujisan, which have been the “source ofartistic inspiration”.
Concrete strategies and approaches are required for appropriate harmony, co-existence, and unity
with summit ascents, tours on the mountain slopes, and tourism and recreation at the foot of themountain, taking into account the need for appropriate forms of harmony, co-existence, and unity.
Paragraph 47 of the “Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage
Convention” defines “cultural landscapes” as “combined works of nature and of man”.
Based on this definition, “preservation and utilization reflecting the management of the property‘as a cultural landscape’” is to be construed as “finding out, from the perspective of “harmonious
co-existence between people and nature”, what kinds of relationships have evolved andmaintained between the 25 component parts over a long history up to the present with the lives
and livelihoods of the local society (including tourism), from the perspectives of the mountain as
both “sacred place” and “source of artistic inspiration” and, furthermore. how these relations|

5

should evolve and develop in the future. It also means presenting concepts and methods forachieving fusion between social needs for access to, and recreation at, the peak, the mountainarea, and the foot of the mountain, and maintenance of spiritual and aesthetic qualities as aspectsof the Outstanding Universal Value, while addressing the issues of conflict in a harmonious
manner, both in the component parts but also in the surrounding area.
To enable future discussion and exploration of desired styles of land use in the component parts
and in the buffer zone, appropriate examples should be given based on the active involvement oflocal communities aiming to improve potential hazards and successfully prevent negative impacts
in the good course of maintaining the scenic landscapes of Fujisan, with their spiritual andaesthetic qualities.
In light of the comments and/or recommendations that the World Heritage Committee made in its
decision to inscribe Fujisan on the List, methods to address issues relating to preservation andutilization are to be set out clearly, based on the “management of the property “as an entity” and“as a cultural landscape”.
A． To set out approaches to address conflicting needs between “access and recreation” on
the one hand and “maintaining spiritual and aesthetic qualities” on the other.
B． To set out approaches to show how the overall series can be managed “as an entity” bydrawing together relationships among the component parts and stressing their links
with Fujisan.
C． In light of points A and B above, to set out conservation approaches for “a culturallandscape” that pay attention to the relationships among Component Parts that capture
the overall series as one whole.
Concurrently, the approaches and strategies are to be clarified for addressing or improving
problematic situations and monitoring indicators are to be strengthened in order to keep track of
the state of their implementation accurately.
It must be noted that the following items related to A and B are particularly inter-related and thecontent of some approaches and strategies are inseparably linked. For example, the outcomes ofthe delineation of pilgrimage routes on the lower slopes of the mountain are to be reflected
appropriately in the strategy for the interpretation of Outstanding Universal Value. Also, the visitor
management strategy is inseparably linked to the overall conservation approach for the upper
access routes, while the provision of information to climbers and other visitors in case of disasteris deeply connected to the risk management strategy. Therefore, the individual approaches andstrategies for solutions and improvement are shown below in appropriate categories, together withdescriptions of their inter-relations with individual approaches and strategies.
Their structure is shown below:

6 |A. Methods for a solution between conflicting needs
i. Goal of sustainable land use→

Development control

ii. Goal of maintaining the spiritual quality(“sacredness”) while allowing sustainable
tourism→

Visitor management
strategy / development
controliii. Clarification and implementation of repair,
restoration, and maintenance initiatives→

Overall conservation
approach for the upper
access routes

B. Methods to link component parts with Fujisani. Research and study relating to identificationof pilgrimage routes in the lower mountainarea→
ii. Identification of relationships among thecomponent parts→

Delineation of pilgrimage
routes on the lower slopesof the mountainiii. Clarification and implementation of a
unified method of interpretation→

Interpretation strategy

C. Identification of monitoring indicators→

Strengthening ofmonitoring indicators

D. Methods of protection from natural disasters→

Risk management strategy

The summaries of the approaches and strategies that have been developed to address and/or
improve on issues are given below. Their details are provided in separate documents.
A. Development Control (pointed out in the section, “management and protection requirements” ofparagraph 3 of World Heritage Committee Decision 37 COM 8B.29, adopting the Statement of
Outstanding Universal Value)

Measures are to be taken to detect, quickly and appropriately, development pressures
such as the construction of buildings at the foot of the mountain, and to enhanceadministrative procedures in this regard, including consensus-building among local
people; measures are also to be taken to raise awareness of the need for conservationin Japanese society generally. Also, individual issues are to be addressed through theimplementation of immediate mitigating measures and the planned implementationof measures for a full solution.
B. Visitor Management Strategy (item c) in paragraph 4 of World Heritage Committee Decision 37
COM 8B.29, making recommendations）

To implement “desired styles of Fujisan ascent”, research and study with a focus on
the “carrying capacities for the upper access routes” (the number of visitors whomake summit ascents) is to be conducted in consideration of relevant World Heritage|

7

manuals published by UNESCO and cases on the other Natural Parks. Based on the
results of this research, several indicators from multiple perspectives, including thenumber of visitors who make summit ascents are to be established, together withdesired levels for those indicators.
Measures to address issues are to be taken, such as mitigation of visitor
concentrations, raising awareness of safe ascents etc., and promotion of visitation toareas a the foot of the mountain, and other touring activities. Monitoring is to be
carried out to establish desired levels for individual indicators and the state of
implementation of individual measures.
C. Overall Conservation Approach for the Upper Access Routes （item d) in paragraph 4 ofWorld Heritage Committee Decision 37 COM 8B.29, making recommendations）

With a focus on the interrelationships between upper access routes, mountain huts,
and tractor routes, implementation of the measures set out in the visitor management
strategy is to be ensured, to control the impact of visitors on ascending routes. In theconservation work for the aforementioned three initiatives, materials andconstruction methods are to be selected that preserve harmony with the naturalenvironment, sacred character, etc..
D. Delineation of the Pilgrim Routes on the Lower Slopes (item b) in paragraph 4 of World
Heritage Committee Decision 37 COM 8B.29, making recommendations）

To identify the locations and routes of pilgrimage routes that are no longer in use
today, and to show the historical relations among the component parts, a research andstudy system is to be established, or enhanced, that compiles the results of past
research and feeds them back to the interpretation strategy in a planned and stepwisemanner, so that visitors can recognize and understand the relationships among thecomponent parts without difficulty.
E. Interpretation Strategy (item e) in paragraph 4 of World Heritage Committee Decision 37 COM
8B.29, making recommendations）

In order to provide the interpretation of the Outstanding Universal Value, based on
the results of the research and study for the locations and courses of the pilgrimage
routes that have gone out of use today, interpretation centers are to be established andmeasures for effective interpretation are to be determined, including the training ofguides. Information necessary for the conservation and ascent of Fujisan is to beprovided at the same time.
F. Strengthening of Monitoring Indicators (item f) in paragraph 4 of World Heritage Committee
Decision 37 COM 8B.29, making recommendations）

Monitoring indicators are to be enhanced and/or strengthened, to ensure theimplementation of monitoring based on the indicators set forth in the Comprehensive
8 |Preservation and Management Plan for Fujisan and also to monitor, evaluate, andreview the various strategies and approaches that are newly presented as policies andmethods to resolve or improve on issues.
G. Risk Management Strategy (pointed out in paragraph 5 of World Heritage Committee Decision
37 COM 8B.29, making requests)

To protect the lives and property of visitors and residents from disasters such as
volcanic eruptions, storms, and floods and to conserve the Component Parts of theWorld Cultural Heritage property, measures that have been prepared by the national
government and individual local governments in the relevant administrative plansincluding disaster prevention plans are to be implemented.
5 Role of Community
In the process of implementing the methods to address or improve on issues set out in section 4
above, and in order to operationalize an effective management system, the role played by thewhole local community, including a wide range of local residents and relevant government
agencies, is extremely important 3. The following five points should be considered.
1) It is important that the entire local community understands the Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan “as an entity” and recognizes the significance of, and responsibility that comes
with, its inscription as a World Cultural Heritage property. To this end, Yamanashi Prefecture,
Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipalities are to work together in mutual coordination
to ensure the protection (preservation and utilization) of Cultural Properties, based onacademic evidence, and the implementation of development control measures and othermeasures set out in the six strategies and/or approaches, based on scientific knowledge andwithout compromising the Natural Park protection, with cooperation and assistance from thenational government agencies.
2) To continue the aforementioned efforts and measures over a long period of time, particularly
from the perspective of “a cultural landscape”, the continued discussion, practice, andchecks at a local community level are required. It is necessary, therefore, for Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipalities to ensure the sustainable
provision of opportunities for diverse discussions, practices, and regular checks of therealization process, so that each member of the local community can participate actively inthe efforts and measures for preservation and utilization of the property.

3

The importance of the role of community in heritage protection was stressed in the Kyoto Vision, adopted
on the occasion of the Closing Event of the Celebrations of the 40th Anniversary of the World Heritage
Convention held at Kyoto in 2012.

|93) To promote and enhance development control measures and the six strategies andapproaches, it is important that residents who constitute the local community, various groups
engaging in various projects for the preservation and utilization of Fujisan, research
institutes engaged in research and study of Fujisan, and educational organizations such as
schools, all have a clear understanding of their respective roles and make efforts toparticipate in and contribute effectively to the preservation and utilization of Fujisan.
4) Also, the relevant organizations should make concerted efforts to provide information andraise awareness widely, so that visitors and climbers from different locations around Japanand from other countries can understand their own responsibilities and roles fully andparticipate in, and contribute to, the appropriate preservation and utilization of Fujisan.
5) To realize the above goals, the Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council needs to fulfill its
responsibility so that it can play a central role in furthering understanding among
stakeholders and the general public, and build up an effective system for information sharing
and role allocation.

10 |Delineation of Pilgrim Routes on the Lower Slopes of theMountain
1 Purpose
From the perspective of spiritual quality of Fujisan, the analysis and compilation of the past
research and study findings is to be made to look into the matters that have not yet been clarified,with a view to identifying the locations and courses of the ascending routes and pilgrimage routes
on the lower slopes of the mountain that are no longer in use today. Also, new research and study
is to be continued. The results will be reflected in the Interpretation Strategy etc., so as to help
visitors recognize and understand the relationships among different component parts based on
information about the pilgrimage routes in the past.
Also, while identifying the locations of the ascending routes and pilgrimage routes,
considerations should be given to not only those on the lower slopes of the mountain but also
those on the body of the mountain and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove.

2 Existing State
Since the Early Modern period (from the 17th to late 19th centuries), the routes ofworship-ascents and pilgrimage used to exist, used by many ordinary people traveling to the footof Fujisan from different places in Japan to tour spiritual places, including the Sengen-jinja
shrines, and to ascend to the summit, utilizing the upper ascending routes. However, many of thepilgrimage routes on the lower slope of the mountain are no longer in use today or have been
converted to roads. Therefore, it has become difficult to recognize the relationships of somespiritual places and Shinto shrine compounds to the upper ascending routes. As a result, therelationships among the 25 component parts are difficult for visitors to understand in some cases.
Thus far, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant municipal governments
have been conducting research related to pilgrimage routes, and their results have been publishedin individual reports. However, this research has not advanced insufficiently to present acomplete picture of Fujisan as a “sacred place” in terms of the ascending routes and pilgrimage
routes.

3 Issues
The pilgrimage routes that connect the component parts of the mountain were not simple linear
routes along which people moved from one place to another; instead, they were an assemblage ofcomplex networks of various routes taken by different people for varied purposes. Therefore, it isnecessary to show not only the locations and historical changes in pilgrimage routes but also themulti-layered historical relationships that have developed among the component parts, reflecting|

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the styles of worship in different periods.
To clarify the relationships among the component parts, it is essential to conduct long-term
research and use results to develop the Interpretation Strategy etc. in a stepwise, planned manner.
In particular, it is essential that Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant
municipalities establish and strengthen the system for research to ensure the continuation of
long-term research and study.

4 Policies
The following two policies are set out: “continuation of comprehensive research” and“feedback to the Interpretation Strategy”.

(1) Continuation of comprehensive researchi. Analyze and compile the findings of previous research
To compile the findings of previous research conducted separately by Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and municipal governments and to identify the need for
future research, including by making decisions on the subjects of such research.
ii. Continue long-term research
To plan and conduct long-term research, including the analysis of old documents,
drawings, field surveys, archaeological excavations of the remains of old roads, and so on
and to compile these findings systematically.
iii. Establish and reinforce a system for research
To establish and reinforce an appropriate system and station relevant expert researchstaff at Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments.

(2) Feedback to the Interpretation Strategy
As information on the “locations and delineation of ascending routes and pilgrimage
routes” is obtained, it will be used to develop the Interpretation Strategy in a stepwise,planned manner.

5 Measures(1) Measures for the continuation of comprehensive research To clarify the diverse relationships among component parts, examination will be made of not
only the locations of and historical changes in individual pilgrimage routes but also themultilayered historical connections that have developed among component parts, reflecting
12 |the styles of worship in different periods. The results will be presented as the outcomes ofresearch and study.
 “The Fujisan World Heritage Centers ” 1, which will be established by Yamanashi Prefectureand Shizuoka Prefecture respectively, will play a central role in developing and implementing
a practicable plan for the promotion of comprehensive and interdisciplinary research, thepreparation and publication of reports, and the provision of opportunities to present anddisseminate their outcome data. Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture haveestablished separate research committees, consisting of university researchers and others andhave started research on pilgrimage routes to collect and clarify the documents and othermaterials. The progress of each research committee will be shared to integrate the results.
 Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and “Fujisan World Heritage Centers” will play acentral role in coordinating the research conducted by the relevant municipal governments
and provide instructions and advice, as necessary, from the perspective of research and study.
 Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant municipalities will strengthen
the institutional capacities of “Fujisan World Heritage Centers” and the relevant municipal
governments to perform research.

(2) Measures for feedback to the Interpretation Strategy
 Working in coordination with the relevant municipal governments, “The Fujisan World
Heritage Centers” are to play a central role in developing effective interpretation methods,
including training locally-rooted human resources to serve as “World Heritage guides” 2;publishing and using brochures, guidebooks and so on to provide visitors and climbers withan overview of the locations, courses, functions and so on of ascending and pilgrimage
routes; and recognizing and understanding the relationships among the component parts.
 Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture will play a central role in presenting
educational seminars in coordination with schools and in organizing special exhibitions,academic symposia, and so on at museums and other facilities in Yamanashi and Shizuoka
Prefectures.
 Based on up-to-date knowledge of the “locations of ascending and pilgrimage routes”,
methods to educate visitors on the unused routes as well as ways to guide visitors to thecomponent parts,

such as the use of integrated and systematic explanatory boards, roadsigns, trails, information plazas, and so on, will be developed in compliance with the Fujisan
Regional Guidelines, which specify the principles and rules for the installation of signs andso on on and around Fujisan.

1

Fujisan World Heritage Centers: Facilities and their organizations that implement the information provision, research, and study
about the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan and its conservation. To be set up by Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka
Prefecture, respectively. Details are provided in Example 1 of the interpretation strategy.
2
World Heritage guides: People who provide interpretation to deepen visitors’ understanding about the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan and its conservation. Details are provided in Example 2 of the interpretation strategy.

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Results of Researches and Studies for theDelineation of Pilgrim Routes on the Lower Slopeof the Mountain

14 |<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation ofpilgrimage routes
Significant practices of the religious beliefs of Fujisan are categorized into the following fourtypes and described in chronological orders: (i) Volcanic eruption and worshiping of the Fujisan
from afar (“Yohai”); (ii) Shugen practice and worship-ascent (“Tohai”); (iii) Popularization ofreligious belief and pilgrimage; and (iv) Diversified styles of climbing in Fujisan. Findings ofresearch and study individually conducted by Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture andmunicipalities in the past are organized, and an overall view describing the pilgrimage routs issummarized, thereby reviewing historic relationships among individual component parts and(1) Volcanic eruption and worshiping of Fujisan from afar (from around ninth
century)
Since ancient times, Fujisan, the mountain with frequent volcanic activities, has been the symbolof worshiping from afar (“Yohai”), a practice of worshiping the mountain by viewing the mountain
top from the foot of the mountain. Records of volcanic disasters of Fujisan date back to the eighth
century in literatures. Frequent volcanic activities led people to enshrine the god residing in Fujisanas Asama no Okami to pray for the volcanic eruptions to calm down. According to legend, Fujisan
Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine enshrining the Asama no Okami, was first relocated from a site at thefoot of Fujisan 3 to Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine, which was then relocated to the current locationon the southwestern side in the early ninth century. Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine which has no
main hall, located on the Shizuoka side, is a compound without any building reflecting a scene ofreligious services practiced before the ninth century. Yamamiya is the location where people
practiced worshipping the sacred mountain from afar. On the Yamanashi side, Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine which initially had no shrine, is also thought to be established as alocation for worshipping Fujisan from afar.
The eruption in 864 (Jougan 16) (the Jougan Eruption) caused damages in which lava flow filled
Lake Motosuko and Senoumi (current Lake Saiko and Lake Shojiko). In the following year, theImperial Court constructed a small shrine enshrining the Asama no Okami in the region of Kai(present Yamanashi Prefecture) to stop the eruption. This small shrine is thought to be Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja Shrine or Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine4. The Sengen Shrine was constructed in theregion of Kai after the construction of the current Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine.
Kawaguchi, the location of Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine, was a post town of the Kamakura
Kaido Route (Misakaji Route) connecting the region of Suruga (present Shizuoka Prefecture) andthe region of Kai, and the location of the route is considered to have an influence on theconstruction of the shrine. The Nakamichi Okan Route connecting Omiya, the location of where
3
4

The exact location is unknown but estimated to be somewhere closer to the summit than to Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine.
Based upon “Yamanashi Prefecture Fujisan Comprehensive Academic Research Report” (published by Yamanashi Prefecture
Board of Education, 2012) and other references|<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

transformation of pilgrimage routes based on historical documents and relics.

15

<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine and the Lake Motosuko area was also an important route.

(left) Photo 1 Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine(Component Part 2) ©Imaki Hidekazu(above) Photo 2 Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine(Component Part 7) ©Imaki Hidekazu

Figure 116 |Conceptual diagram presenting historical relations (Volcanic eruption and worshiping of Fujisan from afar)

(2) Shugen practice and worship-ascent (from 12th century)
Since 12th century, religious people called Shugen practitioners started to regard Fujisan as
the

place

of

mountain

training

and

began

to

developtheaspiration

to

the

worship-ascent(“Tohai”) to directly climb up Fujisan. Matsudai who trained in Soutousan(Izusan-jinja Shrine) 5 climbed up Fujisan around 1149 as worship-ascent and constructed
Dainichi-ji Temple at the peak and buried the Issaikyo buddhist scripture. Matsudai also
constructed Fujisan Koho-ji Temple (current Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine) in the area of
Murayama located on the south slope. Murayama then developed as the base station of Shugen
practice (Murayama Shugen practice). The Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route was the route
constructed for Murayama Shugen practitioners to climb up Fujisan as worship-ascent andtraining. Thus, Murayama Shugen practitioners continued to maintain the route from themodern era (from the 12th century to the 19th century).
Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine, a sacred place of Shugen practice on the Yamanashi side,
has a folklore that Kakujitsukakudaibo who trained in Soutousan (where Matsudai trained)created the Yamato Takeru statue and goddess statue dated late 12th century 6. Sacred places at
the foot of Fujisan and mountain slopes were connected in the Shugen practice network
beyond the boundary of Yamanashi and Shizuoka. There is also a legend that there was anancient road called "Keiau Route" or "Keian Route" ascending from Komitake-jinja Shrine (inFujiyoshida City) on the Ochu-do Route which surrounded the mountain side to Hakusan-dakeon the mountain top until the early 19th century7. Yet, there is a possibility that this road wasnamed by a monk Kennan who was from the region of Kai and involved with Soutousan. The
Keiau Route was probably used as a pilgrimage route of Shugen practitioners on
worship-ascent.

Photo 3 Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component
Part 4) ©Imaki Hidekazu

Photo 4 Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component
Part 8) ©Imaki Hidekazu

5 Sotosan: Izusan-jinja Shrine in Atami city, Shizuoka Prefecture. It was a temple within a shrine for Shinto- Buddhist syncretismand had been called Sotosan or Izusan Gongen before the formal separation of Buddhism from Shinto by the Meiji government.
6 From “Kaikokushi” (a comprehensive book on the history of Kai (present Yamanashi Prefecture) compiled in 1814)
7 From “Kaikokushi” (a comprehensive book on the history of Kai (present Yamanashi Prefecture) compiled in 1814)|<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

Murayama entrance to the top of Fujisan in the medieval era and the period of Edo in the17

<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

Figure 2 Conceptual diagram presenting
historical relations (Shugen practice andworship-ascent)(3) Popularization of religious belief and pilgrimage (from 14th century)
In the 14th to 16th centuries, common believers called Doja started worship-ascent toFujisan, and the mountaintop worship sites were developed. The business of guides called Oshi
who guided and attended Doja became active, and Kamiyoshida (a part of the city of
Fujiyoshida) and Kawaguchi located on the southwestern side where residences of Oshi werelocated flourished as villages of Oshi. Yoshida Ascending Route, one of pilgrimage routes used
by Doja, appeared in records in the end of the 15th century along with Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine, the starting point of the ascending route. This route was probably usedfrequently by Doja along with Funatsu Ascending Route connecting Kawaguchi and themountaintop 8.

Lower Shinto priests at Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine also ran lodgings

to care for Doja at Omiya Entrance, the starting point of Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route.
There were more than 30 lodgings for Doja in the early 16th century9. Shugen practitioners at
Koho-ji Temple at Murayama Entrance also provided lodgings. Doja in worship-ascent in thisperiod is depicted in Silk-colored Fuji Mandala(Photo 5).
Fuji-ko (Fuji pilgrimage association) led by Hasegawa Kakugyo who trained in the Fujisanarea and Hitoana Cave emerged in the 17th century. Hitoana and Uchihakkai (including Fuji
Five Lakes), the training sites of Kakugyo, Soto Hakkai, and other areas are considered to besacred places of Fuji-ko, and religious style of visiting these sacred places as pilgrimage
became popular. Fuji-ko became popular under leaders such as Murakami Kosei and Jikigyo

8

Based upon “Yamanashi Prefecture Fujisan Comprehensive Academic Research Report” (published by Yamanashi Prefecture
Board of Education, 2012) and other references
9
From “Omiya Dojado Kibun” (documents recorded by Mr. Fuji, who took a job called anzushiki at Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha
Shrine)18 |Miroku in the 18th century. The popularity of Fuji-ko led to the repair work for the buildings in
the compound of Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine and the development ofpilgrimage routes in mountain areas and the foot of the mountain such as the Ohachimeguri
encircling the crater at the mountain top and the Ochu-do Route which horizontally surrounded(left) Photo 5 Fuji Mandara Painted on Silk(ca. 16th
century) (collection of Fujisan Hongu SengenTaisha
Shrine, Shizuoka) ©Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha

Shrine(above) Photo 6 Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine(Constituent Element 1-6) ©Imaki Hidekazu

Figure 3 Conceptual diagram presenting historical relations(popularization of the religious belief and pilgrimage)|<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

the mid-mountain side.

19

(4) Diversification of climbing in Fujisan (from around mid-19th century)
When the religious beliefs of Fujisan became similar to Shinto practices, and theGovernment of Meiji was established in the 19th century, mountaintop worship sites and many
Buddhist statues enshrined in various locations of mountain areas were removed, and edifices
enshrining them were transformed into shrines. Also, as the Oshi business system wasabolished, and Fuji-ko was reorganized, diversified religious practices became common suchas the abolition of the ban on women to climb in Fujisan, extension of the mountain climbing
season, and simplification of religious purification procedures 10.
Routes connecting component parts and constituent elements indicate that the Fujinomiya
Ascending Route that is connected from Omiya Entrance to the current Sixth Station without
going through Murayama Entrance opened in 1906 on the Shizuoka side in expectation of the<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

development of the Fuji-Minobu Train Line. The motorway, called “Fuji Subaru Line”, leading
to the current Fifth Station also opened at this route in 1970, and climbing using cars has
become common since then.
Climbers who used to use the Suyama Ascending Route began to use the new Gotemba
Ascending Route that merged with the Suyama Ascending Route at the 2.5 Station in 1883 in
expectation of the opening of the Tokaido National Train Line. The Suyama Ascending Routewas further degraded as some sections of the route became parts of Maneuver field in 1912.
Climbers today can drive up to the Fifth Station at the Gotemba Ascending Route andSubashiri Ascending Route.
On the Yamanashi side, the Yoshida Ascending Route was widened in 1907, and the Fuji
Sanroku Train Line started its operation in 1929, which led to the improvement of commonlyused climbing routes. New routes were also developed such as Shoji Trail that opened in 1923.
The opening of the bus route to Funatsu Ascending Route in 1952 and the opening of Fuji
Subaru Line that allowed automobiles to drive halfway up the mountain, in 1964 improved theconvenience of transportation between the Lake Kawaguchiko area and the Fujisan MountainArea.
The improvement of the convenience of these means of transportation resulted in theincreased number of visitors both from within Japan and overseas. Motivation to climb in
Fujisan also diversified such as for sightseeing. While old mountain huts located along ancientpilgrimage routes were closed, some of the pilgrimage routes are still available for people
visiting Fujisan with various expectations.

10

20 |

Based upon “Yamanashi Prefecture Fujisan Comprehensive Academic Research Report” (published by Yamanashi Prefecture
Board of Education, 2012) and other referencesFigure 4

Photo 8 Sunrise (“Goraigo” or “Goraiko”) viewed
from the mountaintop ©PREC Institute Inc.

<1> Historical relations of component parts and transformation of pilgrimage routes

Photo 7 Subashiri Ascending Route (Constituent
Element 1-4) after the confluence point with Yoshida
Ascendig Route (near the 8.5th station point) ©Imaki
Hidekazu

Conceptual Diagram Presenting Historical Relations (Diversification of Mountain Climbing)|21

<2> Description of individual pilgrimage routes
The establishment and history of individual pilgrimage routes are described based on research
reports individually prepared by prefectures of Yamanashi and Shizuoka and relevant
municipalities, as well as historical documents and relics.The pligrimage routes in the middle of
19th century is shown in Figure 6.

(1) Omiya-Murayama Ascending RouteThe starting point (Omiya Entrance) of this ascending route was in Omiya-machi, the town
developed around Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2). The route passes
through Murayama Village (Murayama Entrance) in the compound of Murayama Sengen-jinja
Shrine (Fujisan Koho-ji Temple) and ends at the mountain top. This route was developed byreligious practitioners participating in mountain training in the 12th century at the latest andused as the main route before the Middle Ages.
The section from Murayama Sengen-jinja Shrine to the 6th station is a presumed delineation,
whereas the section from the 6th station to the summit has been identified.

(2) Suyama Ascending Route<2> Description of individual pilgrimage routes

This ascending route started at Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine(Component Part 5) and ends at
the mountain top. Although it is not clear when this route was constructed, the record from1483 11 mentioned "Suhama-Guchi Entrance," indicating that the route entrance had been
constructed before this record. The route was diverted due to the Hoei Eruption in 1707.
The sections from Suyama Sengen-jinja Shrine to Suyama Otainai and from Makuiwa to the2.8th station are presumed delineations, whereas the sections from Suyama Otainai to Makuiwa
and from the 2.8th station to the summit have been identified.

(3) Subashiri Ascending RouteThis Ascending Route started at Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine)(Component Part 6) and ends at the mountain top. Although it is not clear when this ascending
route was built, a round plaque carrying the image of Buddha called Kakehotoke dated 1384
was unearthed near the Seventh Station, indicating a possibility that the route was already therearound that time.
The section from Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Subashiri Sengen-jinja Shrine) to Komitake-jinja
Shrine is a presumed delineation, whereas the section from Komitake-jinja Shrine to thesummit has been identified.

(4) Yoshida Ascending RouteThis ascending route was a pilgrimage route starting at Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) in Kamiyoshida at the foot of Fujisan on the north side andends at the mountain top. Doja in worship-ascent was already using this route in the 15th and16th centuries. Sacred places for religious practices such as Suzuhara Dainichido (Fujiyoshida
11

22 |

From "Kaikoku Zakki"(a journal and a collection of poems written by Shogoin-Monzeki Dokojunko of Kyoto when she
travelled in Hokuriku,Kanto and Oshu regions of Japan from 1486 to 1487.)

City), Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine Motomiya (Fuji Kawaguchiko Town), and Chugu(Fujiyoshida City) were constructed along this route 12. The population practicing Fuji-ko
increased in the southern part of Kanto, mainly in Edo (Tokyo) after the 18th century. They
mostly used the Koshu Route and Fujisan Route (Yamura Route) to arrive at Kamiyoshida,
Oshi Village, located at the foot of Fujisan. They then used the Yoshida Ascending Route toclimb up to the mountain top. Many visitors today are still using this ascending route due tothis background.
The entire route from Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine to the summit has been
identified.

This ascending route was a pilgrimage route starting at Kawaguchi at the foot of themountain on the north side where Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine (Component Part 7) was
located and went around Lake Kawaguchiko (Component Part 12) or over the lake, passed
through Funatsu lava tree molds (Component Part 21), and ended at the mountain top. While
Kawaguchi had been a post town of Misakaji Route since the ancient times, the Kawaguchi
area developed as an Oshi village after the 15th and 16th centuries. Many people from the
Koshin region and northern Kanto region who headed to Fujisan mainly via the Kamakura
Kaido Route and Doshamichi Route used this route, which used to be the route for climbing up
the mountain from the "front of the north entrance." However, records indicate that this route
was closed and transformed into a route that started at Funatsu lava tree molds, went throughKomitake, and merged with the Yoshida Ascending Route (Constituent Element 1-5) via
Ochu-do Route by the 19th century 13. This route was abandoned after the 18th century as the
Yoshida Ascending Route became a popular route.
The section from Kawaguchi Sengen-jinja Shrine to Funatsu lava tree molds has been
identified, whereas the section from Funatsu lava tree molds to Komitake-jinja Shrine is apresumed delineation.

(6) Ochu-do RouteThis route horizontally encircled Fujisan at the altitude of about 2,100 to 2,800 meters. The
route starts at the 6.5 Station of Yoshida Entrance, passes near the Fifth Station at Subashiri
Entrance, below the Sixth Station of Suyama, above the Hoei crater, the 3.5 Station of
Omiya-Murayama Entrance, passes over Osawa from the Fifth Station of Murayama Entrance,and ends at Komitake. Although there is a theory based on the period of its establishment that
Kakugyo Hasegawa started using this route, the use of this route probably became common
among Fuji-ko believers after the Fuji-ko became popular. This route has gone through manytransformations in different periods because it passes over many streams. The route is now
closed at the section of the Osawa Kuzure collapse. Thus, investigation is necessary at theentire section of this route.
12

Based on "Yamanashi Prefecture Academic Research Report of Fujisan" (published by Yamanashi Prefecture Board of Education,2012) and other references
13
From "Surugano-kuni Shin Fudoki" (a comprehensive book on the history of Suruga(present Shizuoka Prefecture and Fujisan)compiled by Michio Shinjo in 1834)|<2> Description of individual pilgrimage routes(5) Funatsu Ascending Route23

The sections from the 6th station on the Yohishida Ascending Route to the 6th station on the
Subashiri Ascending Route and between Komitake and Osawakuzure are presumed
delineations, whereas the section from Komitake to the 6th station on the Yohishida
Ascending Route has been identified. However, all the sections including presumed ones needfurther investigation.

(7)Tainaimichi Route (Echigomichi Route, Muromichi Route)
This was a pilgrimage route starting at Nakanochaya at the Yoshida Ascending Route(Constituent Element 1-5) and leading to Yoshida lava tree molds (Component Part 22), andFunatsu lava tree molds (Component Part 21),. The route directly leading from Kamiyoshida to
Yoshida lava tree molds and Funatsu lava tree molds, without going through Yoshida
Ascending Route was also calledTainaimichi Route. Records indicate that Fuji-ko leaders in
the 17th and 18th centuries discovered Funatsu lava tree molds (Yoshida lava tree molds was
discovered in 1892.). Then, Fuji-ko believers used this route to participate in the training ofwalking through the lava tree molds after that 14. Tainaimichi Route was also used as a route togo from Funatsu Ascending Route to Yoshida Ascending Route, as well as the route(Echigomichi Route, Muromichi Route) that Osano Echigonokami, the priest of Fuji Omuro
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 8), used to go from Satomiya in Katsuyama (a part of thetown of Fuji Kawaguchiko) to Motomiya located at the Second Station of Yoshida Ascending
Route.

<2> Description of individual pilgrimage routes(8) Kamakura Kaido Route (Misakaji Route)
The Kamakura Kaido Route was the main road that has been used since the ancient times
connecting the Kofu basin and the Mikuriya region (eastern part of Shizuoka) by going aroundthe foot of Fujisan on the north side. From Kawaguchi where Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine(Component Part 7) is located, the route passes through the eastern shore of Lake
Kawaguchiko (Component Part 12), leading to Kamiyoshida where Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji
Sengen-jinja Shrine (Constituent Element 1-6) and “Oshi” Lodging Houses (Component
Parts 9 and 10) are located. The route then passes through the southern shore of Lake
Yamanakako (Component Part 11) and the Kagosaka Ridge (Yamanakako Village and Oyama
Town) and leads to Subashiri, where Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 6) is located.
While this route was developed as an ancient Tokaido Route and medieval Kamakura Kaido
Route, it was also used as a pilgrimage route that Doja heading to Fujisan used after the 15thand 16th centuries. The route connecting Kamiyoshida and Oshino Hakkai springs(Component Parts 13 to 20) and the route extending from the eastern shore of Lake
Yamanakako to Takenoshita (Oyama Town) via the Mikuni Ridge (Yamanakako Village andYamakita Town, Kanagawa Prefecture) were also called "Kamakura Kaido Route."
The sections from Kawaguchi Sengen-jinja Shrine to Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine and from Lake Yamanakako to Kagosaka Ridge have been identified, whereas thesection from Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine to Lake Yamanakako is a presumed
delineation.
14

24 |

Based on "Yamanashi Prefecture Academic Research Report of Fujisan" (published by Yamanashi Prefecture Board of Education,2012) and other references

(9) Wakahikoji Route (Fuji Doshamichi Route, Gonnoji Route, Hitoanamichi
Route, Kamiidemichi Route)
The Wakahikoji Route was a pilgrimage route starting at the western shore of Lake
Kawaguchiko (Component Part 12) and leading to Funatsu Ascending Route and Yoshida
Ascending Route (Constituent Element 1-5). Doja who traveled over Misaka-yama mountainareas from the Kofu basin, those who traveled via Narusawamichi Route from Lake Motosuko
and those who traveled via Gonnoji Route from the Hitoana area were probably the main usersof this route. The path from Kawaguchi and Oishi (in Kawaguchiko Town) on the northernshore of Lake Kawaguchiko and Nagahama (in Fuji Kawaguchiko Town) on the western shore
of Lake Kawaguchiko to Oarashi and Katsuyama (in Fuji Kawaguchiko Town) on the southernshore is identified 15.

(10) Narusawamichi Route
Narusawamichi Route was a pilgrimage route starting near Lake Motosuko (Constituent
Element 1-9) and Lake Shojiko (Constituent Element 1-8), running across the Aokigaharajukai
Forest, passing through the village of Narusawa, and leading to Kamiyoshida. A checkpoint(kuchidome bansho) was installed in the village of Narusawa from the late 16th century to theearly 18th century to administer the traffic of Doja visiting Fujisan.
The sections from Lake Motosuko to Narusawa and between Kodachi (in Fujikawaguchiko
Town) and Kamiyoshida (in Fujiyoshida City) are presumed delineations, whereas the section
from Narusawa to Kodachi has been identified.

Nakamichi Okan Route was an ancient main road connecting the Kofu basin and Yoshiwara
Station of the Tokaido Route (in Fuji City) by going around the foot of Fujisan on the westernside. The route started near Lake Shojiko (Constituent Element 1-8) and Lake Motosuko(Constituent Element 1-9), passed by Hitoana and Kamiide (in Fujinomiya City), and led to
Omiya (in Fujinomiya City) where Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2) islocated. Oshi was stationed in Motosu (in Fuji Kawaguchiko Town) until the late 16th century.
Records indicate that Doja headed to the top of Fujisan by using the front road at the North
Entrance after traveling through Mt. Ashiwadayama (in Fuji Kawaguchiko Town) and arriving
at Oarashi (in Fuji Kawaguchiko Town) 16. This route is probably the path which went up themountain on Funatsu Ascending Route via Narusawamichi Route that passes through the
Aokigaharajukai Forest and Fuji Doshamichi Route.
The sections around Lake Motosuko have been identified, whereas the sections from Lake
Shojiko (in Fujikawaguchiko Town) to Motosu and from Motosu to the border between
Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures are presumed delineations.

15

Based on "Yamanashi Prefecture Research Report of Historical Roads" (published by Yamanashi Prefecture Board of Education,
1986)
16
Based on "Yamanashi Prefecture Academic Research Report of Fujisan" (published by Yamanashi Prefecture Board of Education,2012) and other references|<2> Description of individual pilgrimage routes(11) Nakamichi Okan Route25

(12) Goshinkomichi Route (Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine)
Goshinkomichi Route started at Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine (Component Part 2)
and ends at Yamamiya Sengen-jinja Shrine (Component Part 3). This is the route of the
Yamamiya Goshinko ceremony held every April and November. Although it is not clear when
this route was built, the route was used from 1577 to 1874, the period with the record of thereligious ceremony.
The section from Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine to San-chome Milestone has been
identified, whereas the section from Yonju Nana-chome Milestone to Yamamiya Sengen-jinja
Shrine is an presumed delineation.

<3> Status of researches and future research plans concerning pilgrimage routes(13) Route leading to the Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove
This route starts at Ejiri Station of the Tokaido Route (district of Shimizu in the city of
Shizuoka), goes through the Kunozan Mountain Road to the village of Komagoe, and ends at
Miho-jinja Shrine 17 located in the central part of the Miho Peninsula. Miho-jinja Shrine isfound in a record from 972 18, and it is not clear whether the visiting route to this shrine existedback then. There was also a sea route connected with Shimizu Minato Uo-machi by boat in the
19th century.
The section from Tokaido Ejiri-juku (in Shimuzu district of Shizuoka City) to Orito Mura
(Miho Peninsula) is a presumed delineation, whereas the section from the front of Miho-jinja
Shrine to Hagoromono Matsu (Kamino-michi) has been identified.

<3> Status of researches and future research plans concerningpilgrimage routes
This section describes sections identified or assumed based on researches and studies
individually conducted by prefectures of Yamanashi and Shizuoka as well as relevant
municipalities. Zones which require researches and studies are summarized as follows.
Researches and studies in the past have clarified relationships among various component parts
which are based on different styles of religious beliefs of Fujisan practiced in different periods.
Meanwhile, identification of pilgrimage routes becomes more difficult with time due to pasturbanization and other developments. Therefore, researches and studies must be quickly
implemented as soon as possible based on plans through different means such as gatheringreferences and literatures, interviews, on-site investigations, surveys, and excavations. Anothertask to be implemented in the future is to research and studies how the religious beliefs of Fujisan
expanded to regions near pilgrimage routes.

17
18

26 |

From "Tokaido Funken Nobe-ezu" (a book compiled by Edo Shogunate in 1806)
Recorded as a “Shikinaisha” in the "Engishiki Jimmyocho" (a list of Shinto shrines in Japan compiled in 972)

Sections
Identified

Sections
Estimated

Sections requiring
Research /Studies andtheir Details
Fujisan Hongu Sengen
Taisha Shrine to
Murayama Sengen-jinja
Shrine, Murayama
Sengen-jinja Shrine to thesections yet to be assumed
at the 6th station

Route

Research Report(1)
Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route“Research report on artifacts of Fujisan
Murayama Ascending Route” (1993)
Fujinomiya City Board of Education“Omiya-Murayama Ascending Route”(2009) Shizuoka Archaeological ResearchInstitute“Research report on Omiya-Murayama
Ascending Route, Historic Site, Fujisan”(2016) Fujinomiya City BoE“Research report on Fujisan Suyama
Ascending Route” (2009) Susono-city
Fujisan Shiryokan

The 6th station to
the summit

Murayama
Sengen-jinja
Shrine to the
6th station

Suyama Otainai to
Makuiwa, the2.8th station to thesummitAssumed sections on theleft column, sections yet
to be assumed before the
Hoei Eruption

3)
Subashiri
Ascending Route

There is no research report

Komitake-jinja
Shrine (from the
5th station) to thesummit(4)
YoshidaAscending Route

Cited in “Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report” (2012) Yamanashi Prefecture
Board of Education“Report on restoration work on
government-designated historical site in
Fujisan (Yoshida Ascending Route) - atNakano Chaya, Umagaeshi, the 1st
station (Suzuharasha)” (2013) Yamanashi
Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties“Artifacts relating to the Fujisan Yoshida
Ascending Route” (2001, 2003)
Fujiyoshida City Museum of History and
Folk Culture
Shinto and Buddhism sculptures
enshrined in mountain in sheds along theroute are cited in “Shintoism andBuddhism Fujisan – Sculptures on the
Yoshida Ascending Route” (2008)
Fujiyoshida City Museum of History and
Folk Culture“Research study report on the history andfolklore of Kawaguchi community”(2014) Yamanashi Prefectural Museum“Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report 2” (2016) Yamanashi Pref. BoE
Cited in “Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report” (2012) Yamanashi Pref. BoE

Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine to thesummitSuyamaSengen-jinja
Shrine toSuyamaOtainai,
Makuiwa to the2.8th station
Fuji
Sengen-jinja
Shrine to
Komitake-jinja
Shrine－Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja
Shrine to Funatsu
lava tree molds

Funatsu lava
tree molds toKomitakeComprehensive researchis required for all sections
especially the assumed
sections on the left
columnKomitake to the
YoshidaAscending Route(6th Sta.)

Comprehensive researchis required for all sections“Fujisan Comprehensive Academic
Research Report” (2012) Yamanashi Pref.
BoE

YoshidaAscending Route(Nakano Chaya)to Yoshida

The Yoshida
AscendingRoute (6th Sta.)to the Subashiri
AscendingRoute (6th Sta.)
Komitake to
Osawakuzure
Yoshida lava
tree molds to
Funatsu lava
tree molds(2)
SuyamaAscending Route(5)
Funatsu
Ascending Route(6)
Onchudo Route(7)
Tainaimichi Route(Echigomichi
Route,Muromichi
Route)

Assumed sections on theleft column

Research is required forthe group of religious sites
along the ascending routes
and descending routes(Hashiri-michi)

Comprehensive researchis required for all sections
especially the assumed
sections on the left
column|27

RouteResearch Report(8) Kamakura
Kaido Route(Misakaji Route)“Research report of historical roads inYamanashi” 6 Kamakura Kaido Route(Misakaji) (1985) Yamanashi Pref. BoE“Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report 2” (2016) Yamanashi Pref. BoE(9)Wakahikoji Route(Fuji Doshamichi
Route, Gonnoji
Route,
Hitoanamichi
Route,
Kamiidemichi
Route)(10)
Narusawamichi
RouteMentioned in “Research report ofhistorical roads in Yamanashi” 8Wakahiko Route (1986) Yamanashi Pref.
BoE“Hitoana as historical sites” (1998)
Fujinomiya City Board of Education“Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report 2” (2016) Yamanashi Pref. BoE
There is no research report(11) Nakamichi
Okan RouteMentioned in “Research report ofhistorical roads in Yamanashi” 3Nakamichi Okan (1984) Yamanashi Pref.
BoE“Shiseki Hitoana” (1998) Fujinomiya
City Board of Education“Yamanashi Prefecture FujisanComprehensive Academic Research
Report 2” (2016) Yamanashi Pref. BoE
Mentioned in “The remains of Sengen
Taisha Shrine/The remains of Yamamiya
Sengen-jinja Shrine” (2009) Shizuoka
Archaeological Research Institute(12)
Goshinkomichi
Route

(13)
Route leading to
the Miho no
Matsubara pinetree grove

There is no research report

Schedule
Category
FY
Researches and Studies for thedelineation of Pilgrim Routes
Subashiri Ascending
Route researches
Yoshida and Funatsu
Ascending Routeresearches
Foot of the mountainresearches

28 |Short term
(implemented)
2013
2014
2015

Sections requiring
Research /Studies andtheir Details
Assumed sections on theleft column

Sections
Identified

Sections
Estimated

Kawaguchi
Asama-jinja
Shrine to
Kitaguchi Hongu
Fuji Sengen-jinja
Shrine, Lake
Yamanakako to
Kagosaka Ridge
Lake
Kawaguchiko to
Handachiba (theborder between
Yamanashi and
Shizuokaprefectures)

Kitaguchi
Hongu Fuji
Sengen Jinja
Shrine to Lake
Yamanakako

Oarashi(Fujikawaguchi
ko Town) to thesummitAssumed sections on theleft column

Narusawa to
Kodachi(FujikawaguchikoTown )

Lake Motosuko
to Narusawa,
Kodachi to
Kamiyoshida(city of
Fujiyoshida)
Shoji (town of
Fujikawaguchiko) to Motosu,
Motosu to theborder between
Yamanashi and
Shizuokaprefectures

Comprehensive researchis required for all sections
especially the assumed
sections on the left
columnSan-chome
Milestone to
Yonju
Nana-chome
Milestone

Assumed sections on theleft column, research andidentification ofunidentified milestones

TokaidoEjiri-juku(Shimizu
District of
Shizuoka City)
to Orito-mura(Miho
Peninsula)

Orito-mura to Miho-jinja
ShrineMotosu(FujikawaguchikoTown )

Fujisan Hongu
Sengen Taisha
Shrine toSan-chome
Milestone, Yonju
Nana-chome
Milestone to
Yamamiya
Sengen-jinja
ShrineIn front of the
Miho-jinja Shrine
to Hagoromono
Matsu(Kamino-michi)

Medium term
2016

2017

Assumed sections on theleft column

Long termfrom 2018

Figure 5<3> Status of researches and future research plans concerning pilgrimage routes

Conceptual Diagram Presenting Pilgrim Routes|

29<3> Status of researches and future research plans concerning pilgrimage routes

Figure 630 |

Map indication the Pilgrim Routes in the middle of the 19th century|

31<3> Status of researches and future research plans concerning pilgrimage routes

32 |Visitor Management Strategy
1 Purpose
From the perspectives of maintaining and enhancing the dual characteristics of Fujisan as a“sacred place (spiritual quality)” and a “source of artistic inspiration (aesthetic quality)” whileconserving the natural environment as its foundation, the existing state of and problems facing
Fujisan are to be examined and the ideal vision of visitor management is to be developed, with afocus on the upper access routes. To realize the ideal vision, research and study that mainly
examine carrying capacities 1 for the upper access routes (fifth station and higher) are to be
carried out. Based on these results, multidimensional indicators are to be identified; the standards
for these indicators will be established, and the implementation of the measures taken will bemonitored.
It should be noted that the property area of Fujisan includes not only the Fujisan MountainArea, which is characterized by upper access routes but also spiritual places at the foot of themountain, such as Shinto shrines, lakes, ponds, and waterfalls. Consequently, this strategy
includes the component parts at the foot of the mountain within its scope.

2 Existing StateIn the summer of 2012, the year before the inscription on the World Heritage List,
approximately 320,000 people climbed Fujisan. In 2014, however, the number decreased toapproximately 240,000, equal to the number in 2007, as there were few days of good weather onweekends and in the mid-August festival (the Bon Festival) season, when many people usually
visit Fujisan, and because the restrictions on private vehicles and the shuttle bus service to thefifth station were enforced for a longer period of time than in previous years. The number ofclimbers decreased even further, to approximately 200,000 in 2015, whereas roughly 10 million
people visit the component parts at the foot of the mountain annually.
Environmentally sensitive toilets funded by national government subsidies have been installed
along the upper access routes and are maintained appropriately by managers of individual toilets.
Currently, 10 years after they were installed, the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, etc. are currently examining treatment and maintenance methods
etc., to ensure their ongoing appropriate maintenance.
Management measures adopted on Fujisan include improving mountain huts, ascending routes,
and relevant visitor facilities and conducting research to examine their current state. However, therelevant stakeholders do not share a common understanding of the basic principles and policies
underlying future visitor management.

1

Carrying capacities = the number of climbers = one of the many multidimensional indicators developed|33

3 Issues
Regarding the upper access routes, the distribution of people who make ascents from the Fifth
Station to the summit is concentrated on specific dates and times. There is also significant
variation in the manner that ascents are made. It is important that climbers recognize theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan as a “ sacred place ” and “source of artistic inspiration”
and pass on the cultural traditions of Fujisan ascents to future generations.
Although there has been no significant congestion at the other component parts at the foot of
the mountain, , it is necessary from the perspectives of considering the component parts as “anentity” to facilitate visitors’ recognition and understanding of mutual relationships amongindividual component parts, with a focus on the unity between the Fujisan Mountain Area and theother component parts at the foot of the mountain.
In order to address these issues, management measures need to be implemented in a stepwise,planned manner based on the visitor management strategy.

4 Policies
The visitor management strategy for the World Cultural Heritage Fujisan Vision will be
developed based on World Heritage Manual No. 1, “Managing Tourism at World Heritage Sites: a
Practical Manual for World Heritage Site Managers” (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2002)
and on case studies of National Parks in other countries with a view to ensuring the appropriate
implementation of a framework in which targets and objectives are defined and the effectivenessof visitor management measures are monitored based on indicators (refer to Figure 1. page 38).
On Fujisan, the distribution of climbers who ascend to the summit from the fifth station isconcentrated on specific dates and times. Therefore, a “desired style of Fujisan ascents” is to be
decided on as a target for visitor management; this style will be based on consideration of the“carrying capacities for the upper access routes”.
The “desired style of Fujisan ascents” will be defined based on the following threeperspectives, recognizing that it is important that climbers who make ascents using various
climbing styles can feel the characteristics of Fujisan in terms of both spiritual and aesthetic
qualities.
(i) Transmission of the cultural traditions of ascents originating from worship ascentsin the 17th century
・ Ascents to the summit for the purposes of viewing sunrise (“Goraiko”) should beaccompanied by an overnight stay or a short stay at a mountain hut on the way.
・ Ascents should be made via the identified pilgrimage or ascending routes.
・ The relationships between Shinto shrines and spiritual spots at the foot of the mountain andascending routes should be recognized and understood.
34 |(ii) Maintenance of scenic landscapes along the ascending routes and around themountaintop
・ Facilities for climbers, such as mountain huts and disaster prevention facilities, should bedesigned to be in harmony with the natural environment.
・ Factors that affect the scenic landscapes such as erosion and vegetation changes, should becontrolled.
(iii) Safety and comfort of visitors who make ascents・ Necessary climbing equipment should be available, and appropriate manners should
govern behavior.
・ Ascents can be enjoyed without congestion, danger, or dissatisfaction due to excessive
numbers of climbers.

The following three policies will facilitate the achievement of a “desired style of Fujisan
ascents”.

(1) Research on carrying capacities and determination of indicators“To balance the conservation and the utilization of Fujisan, research to examine the“carrying capacities for the upper access routes” will be conducted based on advice fromexperts. And multidimensional indicators, including the number of climbers, and standardsof the identified indicators will be decided upon in consultation with local stakeholders etc.
from the perspectives of the (i) transmission of the cultural traditions of ascents originatingfrom worship ascents in the 17th century to future generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic
landscapes along the ascending routs and around the mountaintop, and (iii) safety andcomfort of visitors who make ascents (reference information 1, page 40).

(2) Implementation of visitor management measures
To realize the “desired style of Fujisan ascents” in coordination with businesses, groups,
local stakeholders, and so on who work to conserve Fujisan, visitor management measures
will be implemented for the purpose of achieving the desired level of each indicator,
focusing on the upper access routes but not excluding the area at the foot of the mountain.

(3) Monitoring of measures and indicators
The completed measures, identified indicators, and standards for individual indicators will
be evaluated and reviewed periodically.

|35

5 Measures(1) Research on carrying capacities(reference information 1, page 40)

and determination of indicators

・ To survey the movements, behavior, and perceptions of climbers at the fifth station andhigher in the summer on a continual basis over a 3-year period from 2015 to 2017.
・ To analyze the results of this survey and determine indicators and desired levels 2, including
but not limited to the target daily number of climbers on each ascending route, by July 2018,from the three perspectives of (i) transmission of the cultural traditions of ascents originatingfrom worship ascents in the 17th century to future generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic
landscapes along the ascending routs and around the mountaintop, and (iii) safety andcomfort of visitors who make ascents.

(2) Implementation of visitor management measures
Currently, the following measures are being implemented with a view to conforming to the“desired style of Fujisan ascents”.
Upper Access Routes(i) Mitigation of the concentrations of climbers near the summit on specific peak dates
and times
・To review the last daily departure time of the shuttle bus between the parking at the foot of
the mountain and the fifth station.
・To encourage ascents from the foot of the mountain (reference information 2, page 43).
・To encourage visits to the component parts at the foot of the mountain through discussion
and the selection of model visitation routes, including those based on the results of researchon pilgrimage routes on the lower slopes of the mountain. (Reference information 3, page
44.)(ii) Increasing awareness・To provide information on the degree of congestion of each ascending route and the status ofmountain hut reservations, to discourage climbers from attempting “bullet climbing”(night-time ascents without sufficient rest before climbing); to provide information on safe
climbing, including clothing and equipment; and to raise public awareness about good
climbing manners, such as carrying out trash (reference information 4 to 7, pages 45 to 49).
・To construct an “Integrated Tourism and Safety Information System for Fujisan Ascents”
2

For indicators and standards for individual indicators, refer to reference information 1, “Examples ofIndicators and Standard Levels” (pages 41 and 42).

36 |

which has a range of functions from tourist information about the surrounding area of
Fujisan, electronical submission of registration papers, safety information, to tracking of
climbers’ locations.
(iii) Alternative transportation system
・ To implement an alternative transportation system that contributes to achieving the “carrying
capacities for the upper access routes” (reference information 8, page 50).
(iv) User payment system
・To ensure the implementation of a system called “Fujisan Conservation Donation” as arequest for voluntary cooperation from climbers and to promote projects that conserve thecultural and natural environment of Fujisan and ensure the safety of climbers (reference
information 9, page 51).
(v) Proper maintenance of toilets
・To promote the maintenance of toilets along the upper access routes, with a view tomaintaining the spiritual quality of Fujisan and reducing the environmental load (reference
information 10, page 53).

Foot of the Mountain (Lower Slopes of the Mountain)(i) Encourage visits to component parts at the foot of the mountain・To guide visitors to the component parts at the foot of the mountain by delineating
pilgrimage routes on the lower slopes of the mountain.
(ii) Promote circular tours in the area at the foot of the mountain.
・To encourage visitors to make circular tours at the foot of Fujisan by developing model routes
and providing guided tours of the component parts at the foot of the mountain and othertourist destinations in the surrounding area so that visitors can experience the charms of not
only the higher mountain area but also the area at the foot of the mountain of Fujisan(reference information 11, page 55).
・To disseminate information through media, such as guidebooks and web pages: to provide
information at the grass-roots level via local guides etc.; and to facilitate visitors’ recognition
and understanding of relationships among the component parts and the Outstanding
Universal Value of the entire property.(Refer to Interpretation Strategy’s reference
information 4, page 77).

(3) Monitor measures and indicators
To respond to changes in the existing state and to new issues, the effectiveness andsustainability of individual measures is to be evaluated and reviewed approximately every 5|37years, starting from 2015, to achieve steady progress and improvement.

ACTION

PLAN

Review indicators and measures

Identify indicators and measures

Desired Style of Fujisan Ascent
1. Transmit the Cultural Tradition of Fujisan
Ascents
2. Maintain Scenic Landscapes
3. Safety and Comfort during Fujisan
Ascents
CHECK

DO

Evaluate indicators and measures

Implement measures

Figure 1

38 |Framework for Visitor Management at FujisanReference Information|

39

Reference Information 1: Study of Carrying Capacities and Determination ofIndicators
・ SummaryReference Information 1: Study of Carrying Capacities and Selection of Indicators

Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture play a central role, sharing information
with the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Ministry of the Environment, in carryingout the survey of the dynamics of climbers and the perceptions of climbers for three
years from 2015 to 2017 as part of the study centering on the carrying capacities of theupper access routes, in order to realize the “desired style of Fujisan ascents”.
By July 2018, under consultation with local stakeholders, several indicators and thedesired standard levels for each indicator will be determined, including but not limited to
the number of climbers, from the perspectives of (i) transmission of the cultural
traditions of ascents originating from worship ascents in the 17th century to future
generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic landscapes along the ascending routs and aroundthe mountaintop, and (iii) safety and comfort of visitors who make ascents.

40 |・ Actions already implemented
From 2015, with advice from experts on National Parks management etc., thefollowing studies centering on “carrying capacities of the upper access routes” have been
conducted.
(1) Study on the dynamics of climbers
At each starting point of the Fujinomiya, Gotemba, Subashiri, and Yoshida
Ascending Routes, GPS data loggers were handed out to climbers and data ofarrival time to the mountaintop and density of climbers, etc. Also, fixed-point
cameras were installed at congestion points along the ascending routes and thestatus of congestion was recorded for different time slots.
(2) Study on the perceptions of climbers
Questionnaire survey was conducted on climbers and other visitors, asking aboutsatisfaction, tolerance about congestion, recognition and understanding of the 25component parts as one whole, status of visitation to component parts, etc.
In addition, Web questionnaire survey was conducted for people other thanclimbers about congestion tolerance etc.
(3) Study on the status of congestion at toilets
At the toilet on the 7th Station of the Yoshida Descending Route, where an issue ofcongestion is identified, the waiting time and the number of people in queue wererecorded.

Scenes from GPS logger survey and dynamics of climber recorded by GPS logger

・ Future actions
In the three years up to 2017, studies are to be continued and, through consultation
with stakeholders, several indicators and the desired standard levels for each indicator
will be selected, including but not limited to the number of climbers per day, from theperspectives of (i) transmission of the cultural traditions of ascents originating fromworship ascents in the 17th century to future generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic
landscapes along the ascending routs and around the mountaintop, and (iii) safety andcomfort of visitors who make ascents by July 2018.
<Indicative examples of indicators and standard levels>
The indicators and standard levels for each indicators to realize the “desired style of Fujisan
ascents” will be selected by July 2018, after study is conducted for three years up to 2017. The
indicative examples of the indicators and desired standard levels that are currently under discussion
are shown below.
◎Indicative examples of indicators
The indicative examples of the indicators to be selected to realize the “desired style of Fujisan
ascent” from the perspectives of (i) transmission of cultural traditions of Fujisan ascents to future
generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic landscapes, and (iii) safety and comfort of ascents are shown

Desired style of Fujisan
ascentIndicators(measurement method)Standards

Maintenance ofscenic landscapes

Facilities for climbers
such as mountain huts
and disaster prevention
facilities are in harmony
withthenaturalenvironment.

YoshidaFujinomiya
Percentage of climbers who think thelandscapes along the ascending routes
Gotembaare in harmony with the naturalenvironment
Subashiri(questionnaire survey)
etc.
YoshidaFujinomiya
Number of climbers per day
Gotemba
Climbers can make safe(recordingofthenumberofclimbers
with
the
and
comfortablecounting device installed at the 8th Station)
ascents.
Subashirietc.

Indicative examples of standards are shown on next

Transmission ofcultural traditions

Fujinomiya
Percentage of climbers who have felt
Gotemba
Visitors can feel thethe sacredness of Fujisan.
sacredness and beauty(questionnaire survey)of Fujisan.
Subashiri
etc.

Safety and comfort of
Fujisan ascent

Reference Information 1: Study of Carrying Capacities and Selection of Indicators

below.

Yoshida|41

◎Indicative examples of desired standard levels
The indicative examples of the desired standard levels for each indicator are shown below. The
figures shown here are provided only for indication purposes and are not actual data.
(Example 1) Indicative example of the desired standard level concerning the “percentage ofclimbers who have felt the sacredness of Fujisan”(i) Analysis of survey
Percentage of climbers who have felt the sacredness of
Fujisan
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2015

(ii) Desirable standard
level (X %) is to be
decided on, in consultation
with stakeholders.

Reference Information 1: Study of Carrying Capacities and Selection of Indicators

2016

2017
Yes

No

(Example 2) Indicative example of the desired standard level concerning the “number ofclimbers per day”(i) Items for the vertical axis (axis Y) have several options such as the percentage of climbers
who are dissatisfied with congestion, the density, or the waiting time. Therefore, in deciding
on the selection of the item for the vertical axis (axis Y), the correlation between the verticalaxis (axis Y) and the number of climbers (axis X) are to be analyzed first based on thesurvey results.
(ii) In consultation with stakeholders, the vertical axis (axis Y) is to be decided upon, in
consideration of its correlation with the number of climbers (axis X).

42 |For axis X, the density, thewaiting time, etc. can be
used.

% of
climbers
dissatisfied withcongestion(iii) Based on the survey results andin consultation with stakeholders,the desirable level for axis Y (forexample, X percent of climbers
dissatisfied with congestion) is tobe decided on.
0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Number of climbers(iv) The value of axis X (number of climbers) is to be
decided on.

Reference Information 2: Encouragement of Ascents from the Foot of Fujisan

・ Actions already implemented
Fujiyoshida City renovated the Nakano Chaya teahouse on the Yoshida Ascending
Route that had been closed for a while, turning it into a guidance station and a restinghut. Civic volunteers operated a Fujisan resting spot at Umagaeshi during the summer
climbing season, served water to visitors, and guided visitors around nearby areas. These
activities led to the maintenance of the environment for people to make ascents from thefoot of Fujisan. Information for "ascents from the foot of Fujisan" was provided throughpamphlets and web sites.
A dilapidated mountain hut located before the Fifth Station of the Yoshida Ascending
Route was removed. An explanatory sign introducing the history of the removed
mountain hut was then installed to improve the understanding of the history of Fujisan
ascents.

Nakano Chaya teahouse

Fujisan resting spot

BeforeAfter

Dilapidated mountain hut

Hut removed and sign installed

・ Future actions
Visitors are continuously encouraged to "make ascents from the foot of Fujisan" bycontinuing the above-mentioned activities.

|

Reference Information 2: Encouragement of Ascents from the Foot of Fujisan

・ Summary
Visitors are encouraged to make ascents from the foot of Fujisan, starting from theroute connecting Oshi villages including the Former House of the Togawa Family,
Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, and the starting point of the Yoshida
Ascending Route, in order to improve the understanding and interest in the history of
Fujisan ascents at Yoshida Entrance and heighten the motivation to pass on the World
Heritage Fujisan to future generations.

43

Reference Information 3: Guidance of Climbers to the Component Parts at the Footof the Mountain, Using Pilgrimage Routes
・ Summary
In order for climbers and other visitors to understand the mutual relations among thecomponent parts, various possibilities have been examined, including the designation ofmodel courses etc. to encourage people to visit not only ascending routes but also the
Shinto shrines at the mountain foot and spiritual places such as the Fuji Five Lakes, using
the pilgrimage routes that have been identified or estimated, based on the results of theresearches and studies concerning pilgrimage routes in the lower slopes of the mountain.

Reference Information 3: Guidance of Climbers to the Component Parts at the Footof the Mountain, Using Pilgrimage Routes

・ Actions already implemented
In June 2015, an organization for the promotion of projects was set up, consisting of
Yamanashi Prefecture, municipal governments, tourist organizations, etc. and thediscussion toward the designation of model courses etc. started.

44 |Schematic image of the project・ Future actions
The implementation of the monitor tours and field surveys will be conducted and themodel courses will be designated. The training of tour guides etc. will be discussed, with aview to the establishment of circular tours of Fujisan as a standard style of Fujisan tourism,
including the component parts at the mountain foot by 2010.

Reference Information 4: Instruction to Avoid "Bullet Climbing"・ Summary
An overnight ascent to the summit of Fujisan without having sufficient rest
beforehand is called "bullet climbing". Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture
submitted requests to the Japan Tourism Agency to give strict instructions to relevantorganizations and groups about the avoidance of "bullet climbing" and also installed
information boards asking visitors to avoid "bullet climbing" at the starting points ofascending routes in order to ensure the safety of climbers.

Awareness-Raising Sign

Lecture to relevant organizations

・ Future actions
Strict instruction will be continuously given to hikers to avoid dangerous "bullet
climbing” and its risks are publicized.

|

Reference Information 4: Instruction to Avoid "Bullet Climbing"・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture are requesting the Japan Tourism
Agency, tourism organizations, and mountaineering organizations to give strict
instructions that climbers must avoid "bullet climbing" before the summer climbing
season every year. They are also spreading the message using pamphlets and othermeans and installing information boards at ascending routes to raise awareness. The
Council for Proper Use of Fujisan (secretariat: the Hakone Natural Environment Officeof the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture) is
also asking Fujisan visitors to allow for sufficient time in their web site, "Official Web
Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing".

45

Reference Information 5: Information Provision at Climbing Starting Points for Safeand Comfortable Ascents and Awareness Raising for Good Manners
・ SummaryInformation provision about necessary equipment and characteristics of ascending
routes and awareness raising about good mountain-climbing manners such as bringing
wastes back home are to be conducted in order to ensure safe and comfortable Fujisan
ascents.
・ Actions already implemented
At the 5th Station of the ascending routes, information provision about the confirmationof necessary equipment and characteristics of ascending routes and awareness raising
about good mountain-climbing manners such as bringing wastes back home are to be
conducted by rangers of the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, andReference Information 5: Information Provision at Climbing Starting Points
for Safe and Comfortable Ascents and Awareness Raising for Good Manners

Shizuoka Prefecture and the showing of video programmes.

46 |Instruction by rangers etc.

Showing of videos

・ Future actions
Measures are to be implemented on a continual basis, with a view to promoting safe
and comfortable Fujisan ascents and improving good manners.

Reference Information 6: Standardization of Signs, Including Those along the
Ascending Routes of Fujisan
・ Summary
To respond to the rapid increase in the number of visitors to Fujisan, people getting
lost, deterioration of signs, and the increased number of non-Japanese visitors, theFujisan Sign Liaison Council consisting of the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipalities, tourism organizations,
mountain hut unions, and other organizations was set up in 2009. The council developed"The General Guideline for Signs in Fujisan" in March 2010 and has been installing
signs in compliance with this guideline.
・ Actions already implemented
Item

Content

Locations of
signs

Ascending routes and descending routes (between 5th station andResponsible
agencies(Yamanashi Prefecture) Ascending route: Development dept.

summit)Reference Information 6: Standardization of Signs, Including Those along the
Ascending Routes of Fujisan

Descending route: Tourist dept.
(Shizuoka Prefecture) Ascending route: Civil engineering offices
Descending route: Gotemba City and Oyama Town

Special featuresof signs(Summit) Ohachimeguri circuit: Ministry of the Environment<Improvement on signs>
・ Consistency in the English translations of place names; change
from displaying ascending routes to displaying directions.
・ Displaying distance and usual time on some signs.
・ Color-coding of ascending routes.
・ Introduction of a system that allows the identification of the locationin case of rescue operation<Measures for visitors from other countries>
・ Multi-language (Japanese, English, Chinese, and Korean) andpictograms<Consideration to good scenic landscapes>
・ Brown sign boards in line with the preservation and management
plan of Fujisan.
・ Consistent design in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures.
・ Improvement on landscapes through prevention of excessive
installation of signs.

|

47

Color-coding of ascending routes

Reference Information 6: Standardization of Signs, Including Those along the
Ascending Routes of Fujisan

Blue: Fujinomiya RouteGreen: Gotemba Route
Red: Subashiri RouteYellow: Yoshida Route48 |・ Future actions
The managers of individual roads repair, improve, and install when necessary and as
appropriate information signs at roads to provide information, ensure safety, andmaintain comfortable hiking environment when necessary based on the established“General Guideline for Signs in Fujisan”, while sharing information and building
consensus at the “Council for the Promotion of the Appropriate Use on Fujisan”.

Reference Information 7: Collection and Treatment of Wastes on Fujisan
・ Summary・ Actions already implemented
Wastes along the ascending routes are regularly collected by the national government,
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, privateorganizations, and volunteers. Also, as a successful result of calls to climbers for better
manners and to visitors for cooperation in bringing wastes back home, the awareness ofclimbers and other visitors for the conservation of Fujisan has been enhanced, as isreflected in the decrease in the amount of wastes along the ascending routes.
Also, with regard to the illegal waste dumping that has been identified along the roadsin the surrounding mountain-foot area of Fujisan, the national government, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, etc. have stationed
waste inspectors and installed surveillance cameras in an effort for the prevention andearly detection of illegal waste dumping and its expansion as well as removing wastes
when found.

Cleaning activities by volunteers

Installation of surveillance cameras as a measure to prevent illegal waste dumping

・ Future actions
Cleaning activities by related government organizations, private organizations, andvolunteers are to be continued, awareness for conservation is to be enhanced, and efforts
are to be made to promote the rules and manners. Also, measures for the surveillance ofillegal waste dumping are to be strengthened.
|

Reference Information 7: Collection and Treatment of Wastes on FujisanAlong the roads in the surrounding area of the mountain foot of Fujisan and along theascending routes, cleaning activities are conducted on a continual basis in an effort to
reduce environmental loads and raise awareness for the conservation of Fujisan.
Also, as a measure to address the illegal waste dumping at the mountain foot of
Fujisan, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipalities conduct
patrols and other activities together for the prevention and early detection of illegal
waste dumping and its expansion.

49

Reference Information 8: Implementation of Traffic Control (Alternative
Transportation System) and Reevaluation of the Period of Traffic Control
・ Summary
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments havebeen implementing and expanding restrictions on private automobile traffic during thesummer climbing season at the Fujisan Skyline (Fujinomiya ascending route), Fuji
Azami Line (Subashiri ascending route), and Fuji Subaru Line (Yoshida ascending
route) to ensure safe and smooth traffic without traffic congestion for visitors of Fujisan
and to protect the environment of Fujisan.
・ Actions already implemented
The period of restriction is gradually extended to alleviate traffic congestion.

Reference Information 8: Implementation of Traffic Control (Alternative
Transportation System) and Reevaluation of the Period of Traffic Control

2011

50 |

2012

2013

2014

2015

FujisanSkyline*26 days
34 days
52 days
63 days
63 days(Fujinomiya)
Fuji Azami
Line
26 days
34 days
37 days
40 days47 days(Subashiri)
Fuji Subaru
Line
15 days
15 days
31 days
53 days
53 days(Yoshida)※ Fujisan Skyline: In 2014 and 2015, traffic restriction was imposed throughout the mountain climbing
period.
BeforeAfter

Road-side parking occurred

No road-side parking

・ Future actions
Meetings of relevant personnel are held to determine periods of traffic control in thefollowing year and other aspects based on effects of the traffic control in this year.

Reference Information 9: Fujisan Conservation Donation (User Fee System)
・ SummaryAn experimental user fee system was implemented in the summer of 2013 to protect
the environment of Fujisan and ensure the safety of climbers. Since 2014 the full-fledgeduser fee system based on voluntary payment has been operated as "Fujisan Conservation
Donation" to ask for the cooperation of visitors to generate funds for protecting theenvironment of Fujisan and ensuring the safety of climbers.
・ Results of implementation in 2015
Item
PurposeYamanashi Prefecture
Shizuoka Prefecture
Conservation of the environment of Fujisan and safety of climbers of Fujisan

TargetClimbers who make ascents to the summit from the 5th station

Basic fee: 1,000 JPY/person
Official climbing season
Official climbing season
Period(i.e. from 1 July to 14 September on (i.e. from 10 July to 10 September on
the Yamanashi Prefecture side)
the Shizuoka Prefecture side)
On-site collection
Collection On-site collection
・Fuji Subaru Line (5th Station): 24 ・Fujinomiya, Gotemba, and Subashiri
methodhours/day
Ascending Routes (5th Station): fromand timeth
72,191 people; 71,041,820 JPY
43,792 people; 43,455,701 JPY
Raised(including on-site payment of (including
on-sitepaymentof
fund
70,646,820 JPY from 71,796
42,190,701 JPY from 42,527 people)
people)※Pilot programme in 2013 (10 days on an experimental basis)
Raised fund: 19,157,950 JPY in Yamanashi Pref.; 14,974,472 JPY in Shizuoka Pref.
※2014
Raised fund: 114,353,116 JPY from 116,184 people in Yamanashi Pref. (on-site payment of
113,497,116 JPY from 115,328 people)
43,820,274 JPY from 43,312 people in Shizuoka Pref. (on-site payment of 42,928,274
JPY from 42,420 people)

Reference Information 9: Fujisan Conservation Donation (User Fee System)

Fee

Voluntary payment of Fujisan Conservation Donation at the Fifth Station

Gift badges as the reward of the payment (from left, Fujinomiya, Subashiri, Gotemba, andYoshida Ascending Routes)|

51

Reference Information 9: Fujisan Conservation Donation (User Fee System)<Use>
The fund raised through the Fujisan Conservation Donation is used for the
replenishment of the financial source for new and existing projects that are implemented
for the conservation of the environment of Fujisan, climbers’ safety, and the interpretationof the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan.
To be specific, funds were used for information provision for safe and comfortableFujisan ascent and awareness raising for the promotion of good climbers’ manners(reference information 5, page 46), repair of the guidance signs along the ascending
routes (reference information 6, page 47), refurbishment of environmentally sensitive
toilets (reference information 10, page 53), and distribution of helmets and dust-proof
masks at mountain huts.

52 |Helmets etc. that have been provided to a mountain hut
with the financial support of the fund・ Future actions
The Fujisan Conservation Donation is to be continued to generate funds for starting
new projects and expanding other projects for the protection of the environment of
Fujisan higher than the Fifth Station, by implementing safety measures for climbers, andpublicizing the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan. Specific fund allocation toprojects is determined through discussions every year by determining up a project
selection committee.

Reference Information 10: Maintenance of Toilets on Fujisan
・ Summary・ Actions already implemented
In addition to the increasing number of climbers and other visitors, severe climatic andgeographical conditions used to result in the insufficient availability or capacities of
toilets, as a result of which human wastes discharged from the toilets were pointed out as
an issue of adverse environmental impact in the past.
Therefore, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture set up a committee
consisting of academic experts, relevant municipal governments, local stakeholders, etc.
and carried out verification projects for human waste treatment, and started in 2002 to
install public toilets at mountain huts, in consideration of locations and management
requirements.
Shizuoka Prefecture had completed the replacement of toilets at all of the 24 mountainhuts by 2005 and Yamanashi Prefecture had completed the replacement of toilets at all of
the 18 mountain huts by 2006 with environmentally sensitive toilets that do not discharge
human wastes.
Also, the Ministry of the Environment installed environmentally sensitive public
toilets at three locations, including the summit of Fujisan and relevant municipal
government installed public toilets at the 5th stations. As a result, the hygienic conditionsof Fujisan has improved.

Before (in the 1990s near the 8th
station)Toilet papers discharged from toilets
used to be infamously called “whiterivers”.

All the toilets have been replacedwith environmentally sensitive
toilets (human waste issue has beensolved.)|Reference Information 10: Maintenance of Toilets on Fujisan

In order to reduce the environmental loads on Fujisan, the Ministry of theEnvironment, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal
governments, related organizations, and mountain huts had replaced all the toilets in thearea from the 5th station to the summit with environmentally sensitive toilets by 2006.
Under the difficult environmental conditions, the responsible operators have been taking
care of them properly.

53

<Waste treatment methods of environmentally sensitive toilets>

Reference Information 10: Maintenance of Toilets on Fujisan

Bio-toilet
Recycled Water Toilet
Sawdust is used to stimulate Water and oyster shells are put
microorganisms,
which into the treatment cistern, anddecompose human waste.
microorganisms from the shells
decomposehuman
waste.
Treated water can be reused forflushing.

54 |Incinerator Toilet
Oil burners are used toincinerate human waste. No
sludge is produced. Only aminimal level of ash is left.

・ Future actions
In order to meet the requirements of many climbers under the severe environmental
conditions, the responsible operators of toilets continue to take care of the maintenanceof toilets properly. In addition, now that ten years have passed since the installation ofenvironmentally sensitive toilets, the Ministry of the Environment, Yamanashi
Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, etc. are working to discuss methods of human waste
treatment and maintenance requirements in order to ensure the appropriate managementof the toilets.
<Process>
Category
FY
Installationofenvironmentallysensitive toilets
Proper maintenance ofenvironmentallysensitive toilets
Examinationoftreatment methods andmaintenancerequirements

Short term (completed)
2013
2014
2015
Completed by 2006

Medium term
2016
2017

Long term
2018 or later

Reference Information 11: Fujisan Perimeter Walking Circuit
・ SummaryConcurring with the inscription of Fujisan on the World Heritage List, a map showing
recommended routes such as a perimeter walking circuit around Fujisan is prepared sothat visitors can enjoy walking around Fujisan while visiting component parts.

・ Future actions
The map has been used for various purposes after the information was posted, suchas the development of products by travel agencies and information printed in outdoor
activity magazines. In coordination with the national government, NPOs, and otherorganizations, further use is to be facilitated by providing information actively tocommercial magazines and by installing guide posts not only for Japanese tourists but
also for international visitors and providing bicycle routes using trail routes.

|

Reference Information 11: Fujisan Perimeter Walking Circuit

・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipalities preparedmaps showing routes such as a perimeter walking circuit around Fujisan so that visitors
can enjoy walking around Fujisan. The route was named "Fujisan Perimeter Long Trail,"and the provisional edition of the map was posted on the web site in June 2013.
Safety of the routes was later examined, and viewpoints of Fujisan were added to themap. The map was renamed as "Fujisan Perimeter Walking Circuit" as the final edition
depicting the main perimeter route around Fujisan as well as other routes. The
information was updated in February 2014.
Also in 2014, a social experiment was carried out with the aim of establishing asystem for the sustainable management of “road-side landscapes” of Fujisan based oncollaboration between local communities and road managing authorities. This
experiment is to be continued from 2015 on.

55

56 |

Overall Conservation Approach for the Upper Access Routes
and Their Associated Huts and Tractor Routes
1 Purpose
The ascending routes taken by pilgrims and the mountain huts -- facilities meant to support
climbers -- originate from the worship ascents (or “Tohai”),

which were made as part ofreligious practice. Meanwhile, the tractor routes are indispensable for the operation of mountainhuts and the transport of injured and sick people. Therefore, in order to maintain the “spiritualquality” and “aesthetic quality” that characterize Fujisan, comprehensive conservation andmanagement should be promoted, with a focus on harmonious and mutually complementing
relations between theascending routes, mountain huts, and tractor routes.

2 Existing State(1) Ascending routes
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture are actively engaged in maintaining theascending routes, making inspections of the ascending routes based on the “Practical
Guidelines for the Patrol of Fujisan Ascending Routes”, and conducting repair andmaintenance work, using local materials.
In addition, where man-made structures such as stone-fall protection works are installed or
repaired, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture make efforts to integrate the shapeand design of these structures with the surrounding scenic landscapes.

(2) Mountain huts
Mountain huts are set up and operated by private companies with the permission of the
Ministry of the Environment as part of the park project based on the Park Plan of theFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park (Fujisan District) under the Natural Parks Law. With regard to
the shape and design of the facilities and signs at the mountain huts, due consideration is to begiven to scenic landscapes based on the Park Management Plan and the General Guidelines for
Signs on Fujisan, etc.

(3) Tractor routes
Tractor routes are the freight roads that have been used by the associations of mountain huts
owners and operators to transport goods are necessary for the operation of mountain huts. In
addition to the transportation of goods, they function as an important public lifeline,|

57

facilitating the emergency transportation of injured or sick people.
Also, efforts have been made to control environmental impacts by minimizing the frequencyof the operation of tractors.

3 Issues
Since the ascending routes and mountain huts originate from worship ascents as religious
practice and tractor routes are indispensable for the operation of mountain huts etc., these threeelements of Fujisan’s infrastructure are closely related to one another.
Nevertheless, hardly any attempt has been made to operate these three elements in acomplementary or mutually harmonious manner.

(1) Ascending routes
There are some places on Fujisan where the geological stability of the slope is low anderosion from rain, storms, and snowmelt is progressing. On the other hand, slopes made ofrobust lava are not likely to be affected by climbing.
Therefore, it is necessary to continue research into, and analysis of, the impact of erosion,and to take measures to enhance the efficacy of conservation measures that meet the specificgeological conditions of individual erosion spots.
Further, it is necessary to select the materials and engineering methods of man-madestructures such as stone-fall prevention walls, in a way that protects the ascending routes, while
not damaging the atmosphere or appearance of Fujisan.

(2) Mountain huts
At the moment, efforts are being made to mitigate the negative impact of huts on Fujisan’s
scenery by working from the existing standards for the exterior appearance of facilities andsigns. However, further measures to improve scenic landscapes are needed.

(3) Tractor routes
It is technically difficult to shift completely the mode of transportation from tractors to otheroptions such as helicopters, due to Fujisan’s severe climate conditions along with other factors.
It is also difficult to change the paths of tractor routes or the color of tractors for safety reasons.
Therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate materials and engineering methods from theperspectives of the natural environment, the sacred atmosphere, and the mountain’s appearance
from ascending routes.

58 |4 Policies
To facilitate a harmonious and mutually-complementing relationship between the ascending
routes, mountain huts, and tractor routes, the following two policies are set out: “To implement
the Visitor Management Strategy” and “to select materials and engineering methods inconsideration of scenic landscapes etc.”(1) To ensure the implementation of the Visitor Management Strategy
To ensure the implementation of measures set out in the Visitor Management Strategy, withthe aim of promoting a “desired style of Fujisan ascent” that maintains the spirit of worshipascents, in order to control the impact of visitors on the ascending routes.

(2) To select materials and engineering methods in consideration of scenic
landscapes
To select appropriate materials and engineering methods in consideration of the naturalenvironment, the sacred atmosphere, and Fujisan’s appearance from ascending routes at all
times when maintenance work on the ascending routes is necessary.

5 Measures(1) To ensure the implementation of the Visitor Management Strategy
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture will play a central role, based on local
consensus, in controlling visitor impact on the ascending routes by taking measures to mitigate
the concentrations of visitors during specific periods.

(2)To select materials and engineering methods in consideration of scenic
landscapes(i) Ascending routes
 Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture are to monitor constantly the points
eroded by storms, rain, and snowmelt, along with signs of the impact of ascents,
through patrols of the ascending routes. Also Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka
Prefecture are to improve the effectiveness of maintenance work by integrating bestpractices and appropriate materials and engineering methods into maintenance andrepair work. (Reference information 1, page 62.) When man-made structure such as stone-fall prevention walls are to be installed or
repaired, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture are to decide on the materials
and engineering methods to be used, taking into consideration opinions of experts in|59

various fields to help mitigate the adverse impact of the appearance of man-madestructures. (Reference information 2, page 64.)(ii) Mountain huts
 Relevant stakeholders will work together to research and improve the existing state of
the appearance of the mountain huts, signs, etc., in order to maintain the sacredatmosphere of the mountain and to enhance harmony between the huts and scenic
landscapes. (Reference information 3, page 65.)(iii)Tractor routes
 Relevant stakeholders will work together to research the existing state of tractor routes
etc., and analyze the degree of their impact upon scenic landscapes.
 To continue consultation and discussion with regard to allowing relevant stakeholders toorganize the effective operation of freight vehicles and the introduction of low-noiseand low-emission vehicles so that their impact on the natural environment can be
reduced and harmony with the scenic landscapes may be promoted.

60 |Reference Information|

61

Reference Information 1: Patrols of Ascending Routes
・ Summary
The officers of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture are patrolling theascending routes of Fujisan that are prefectural roads before and during the summer
climbing season for the purpose of maintaining the ascending routes and ensure thesafety of climbers.
The staff on patrol repair the ascending routes and signs on the spot if they find any
damage to ensure the safety of climbers. If the damage cannot be repaired on the spot,
provisional safety measures are taken so that they would not cause any inconveniences
to climbers. The staff then immediately contact contractors to make arrangements forrepair work.

Reference Information 1: Patrols of Ascending Routes

Guidelines for Patrolling Ascending Routes (excerpt)62 |・ Actions already implemented
Since it was anticipated that climbers would increase after the inscription of Fujisanon the World Heritage List in 2013, the frequency of the ascending route patrols byofficers of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture has been increased since 2013.
In particular at the Yoshida Ascending Route, which is used by many climbers, thefrequency of the patrol of the ascending route has been increased since 2012, one year
before inscription.

Patrols of ascending routes

The maintenance and management of ascending routes are to be done basically by
maintaining the current gravel roads with consideration to the natural environment andlandscape. Patrols and repair works are to be implemented with increased frequency toensure the safety of climbers.
<Process>
Category
FY

Short term
(implemented)
2013 2014 2015

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later

2017

Maintenanceandrepair of ascending
routesPatrol of ascending
routes|Reference Information 1: Patrols of Ascending Routes

・ Future actions

63

Reference Information 2: Maintenance of Structures such as Rockfall Protection
walls
・ Summary
Necessary artificial structures such as rockfall protection walls are constructed toensure the safety of climbers and to maintain ascending routes.
・ Actions already implemented
Artificial structures have been constructed, by adopting methods in consideration of
scenic landscapes, such as paining them in harmony with the surrounding mountaintextures. Even more effective visual harmonization methods are explored for future
improvement in terms of consideration to scenic landscapes.
Further visual harmonization methods will be tested in consideration of opinions fromlandscape experts and others and the appropriate methods will be selected from theperspectives of feasibility, durability, etc. Questionnaire survey will also be carried out
to hear opinions of climbers in an effort to find the ideal visual harmonization method.

Reference Information 2: Maintenance of structures such as rockfall walls

・ Future actions

64 |The results of test implementation etc. will be verified and efforts will be made to
adopt visual harmonization methods that meet the specific conditions of the place where
the artificial structure in question is installed.

An example of visual harmonization (greening of walls)<Process>
Category
FY
Maintenanceandrepairofascending routes and exploration ofvisual harmonization methods for
artificial structures
Maintenanceandrepairofascendingroutesandtest
implementationofvisualharmonization methods for artificial
structures
Verification of test implementation
Maintenanceandrepairofascendingroutesandimplementationofvisualharmonization of artificial structures

Short term
(implemented)
2013 2014 2015

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later2017

Reference Information 3: Maintenance of Mountain Huts.
・ Summary
In order to maintain the spiritual and aesthetic qualities characteristic of Fujisan, theimprovement of the exterior of mountain huts, signs, etc. are pursued.
・ Actions already implemented
The “Fujisan Signage Stakeholders’ Liaison Council”, consisting of The Ministry of
the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, relevant municipal
governments, tourist associations, mountain hut associations, etc., has adopted the“General Guidelines for Signs on Fujisan” and promoted the improvement of signs interms of color, display manners, etc. in accordance with the guidelines.
Also, with regard to the exterior appearance of mountain huts, it should be noted thatmany of them retain the atmosphere of their origin, rock caves, in their retention walls.
In addition, explanation is provided about the origins of mountain huts and religious
elements such as the household altars inside the huts, with a view to showing the role ofmountain huts as religious centers.
With regard to the landscapes along the Yoshida Ascending Route, where many
mountain huts are located, Yamanashi Prefecture has set up a committee consisting ofexperts in cultural properties, architecture, etc. and started the discussion toward thedevelopment of “visual harmonization guidelines” for mountain huts, in order to develop
landscapes compatible with “sacredness” and “beauty” in the future.

The relevant stakeholders work together to improve the exterior appearance of
mountain huts, signs, etc.
In particular, for the Yoshida Ascending Route, where many mountain huts exist,“visual harmonization guidelines” will be developed and consultation will be continued
with the relevant stakeholders such as mountain hut associations toward the realizationof the exterior appearance of mountain huts compatible with “sacredness” and “beauty”.

Exterior appearance of amountain hut that retains theatmosphere of a rock cave

Household altar
mountain hut

insideaSignboard explaining about theorigins of mountain huts etc.

|

Reference Information 3: Maintenance of Mountain Huts etc.

・ Future actions

65

66 |

Interpretation Strategy
1 Purpose
In order to ensure that visitors can easily perceive and understand each of the component partsas part of the whole property or part of the pilgrimage routes in the upper and lower mountainslopes, the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of Fujisan should be passed on to future
generations; for this purpose, interpretation will be made of the relationships between individualcomponent parts based on the outcomes of research and study on the delineation of thepilgrimage routes and pertinent information will be provided regarding conservation.

2 Existing State
Because currently there are few interpretation tools to present a clear relationships between the
different component parts, visitors must gather information pertaining to the inter-relationships
between the component parts themselves. A significant amount of time and effort to build up an
understanding of the entire property.
“Fujisan World Heritage Centers” are currently being built in Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture. Organizations are also being established in these prefectures to operate themas central facilities that promote interpretation of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan,provide information about conservation measures, and conduct research and study.

3 Issues
It is necessary to use effective methods of interpretation, such as publishing and distributing
informative materials, to help visitors easily recognize and understand the relationships between
the component parts. Other methods include the installation of signboards and road signs to guide
visitors to pilgrimage routes in the lower mountain slopes.
It is also important to establish a system for research, study, and capacity building, in which the“Fujisan World Heritage Centers” play a central role in these aims in coordination with museums
and relevant municipal governments and also to put in place a system to facilitate the recognition
and understanding of visitors, by incorporating the outcomes of research and study, in
coordination with relevant facilities such as the Mount Fuji Research Institute (Yamanashi
Prefectural Government) and various museums.

|67

4 Policies
The following two policies are set out: “promotion of research and study and feedback of theiroutcomes” and “transmission of OUV and appropriate interpretation”.

(1) Promotion of research and study and feedback of their outcomes(i) Implementation of research and study
Research and study on Fujisan will be promoted, centering on “Fujisan World Heritage
Centers”, in coordination with museums and relevant municipal governments.
(ii) Feedback of the outcomes of research and study
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture accumulate the outcomes of research andstudy systematically and make use of them for presentation and interpretation.

(2) Transmission of OUV and appropriate interpretation(i) Contents
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture play a central role in conveying theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan and providing pertinent information concerning
conservation measures.
(ii) Establishment of a system for interpretation and human resources development
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture proceed with the construction of “FujisanWorld Heritage Centers” and the establishment of organizations to operate them as central
facilities for interpretation. They will also develop locally-rooted human resources, such as“World Heritage guides”, in coordination with relevant municipal governments.
(iii) Methods
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture play the central role in developing
effective interpretation methods, with respect to both hardware and software, that areconsistent with the aforementioned policies.

5 Measures(1) Promotion of research and study and feedback of their outcomes(i)

Implementation of research and study Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture in coordination with museums and art
museums in both prefectures and relevant municipal governments will establish thesystem for research and study, centering on “Fujisan World Heritage Centers”, so that68 |comprehensive research and study can be made, including the delineation of pilgrimage
routes, and promote the development of research and study plans and interdisciplinary
research and study within the context of a long-term vision (reference information 1,
page 72).
 Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipal governments willconduct surveys to evaluate visitor awareness and to understand the extent of visitor
recognition and understanding of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan.
(ii)

Feedback of the outcomes of research and study Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture promote the accumulation and use of
the collected documents and the outcomes of research and study through the
exploration of the possibility of building a database of the outcomes of research andstudy.

(2) Transmission of OUV and appropriate interpretation(i) Contentsa. Transmission of OUVVisitors will be guided not only to the upper mountain area but also to the component partsat the foot of the mountain by promoting visitors’ recognition and understanding about therelationships between the component parts, which will be further clarified as a result of theongoing work to identify the pilgrimage routes and by explaining that it was interactions
between the nature (i.e. Fujisan) and people that gave rise to a unique form of worship andinspired excellent and diverse works of art, paying attention to the style of, and historicalchanges in Fujisan worship.
b. Conservation measures
Information will be provided about the degree of congestion at each ascending route and thestate of mountain hut reservations. People will be discouraged from attempting “bullet
climbing” (night-time ascents without sufficient rest before climbing). Information for safe
climbing will be provided regarding the appropriate climbing gear and other matters thatclimbers should keep in mind. Measures would be taken to raise public awareness about
good climbing manners, such as carrying out garbage (reference information 2, page 75).
To facilitate people’s understanding for the conservation of Fujisan, information will bedisseminated regarding the efforts made by mountain huts, such as the use of toilets with alow environmental impact; activities by local governments and NPOs, such as cleaning; andlaws and rules for the conservation of Fujisan.
(ii) Establishment of a system for interpretation and human resources development
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture construct “Fujisan World Heritage Centers”|

69

as core facilities for interpretation, where staff are stationed in charge of operating projects
and activities of “Fujisan World Heritage Centers”. Also, Yamanashi Prefecture and
Shizuoka Prefecture provide the interpretation of the Outstanding Universal Value andpertinent information regarding conservation measures in coordination with relevant
facilities such as museums in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures. They will develop
locally-rooted human resources, such as “World Heritage guides”, in coordination with
relevant municipal governments (reference information 3, page 76).
(iii) Methods
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture paly a central role in making brochures andother informative materials available that illustrate the relationships among the component
parts (reference information 4, page 77) and in organizing lectures and seminars incoordination with school education, such as Fujisan learning and “kids’ study programmes”(reference information 5 and 6, pages 78 and 79). Also, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka
Prefecture organize special exhibitions and academic seminars at “Fujisan World Heritage
Centers”, museums, art museums, etc., and plan and provide model routes to guide visitors
to the component parts at the foot of the mountain (reference information 3 of the visitor
management strategy, page 44).

70 |

Reference Information|

71Reference Information 1: Construction of “Fujisan World Heritage Center”
・ Summary
The Fujisan World Heritage Centers are being constructed to be used as a base of thecomprehensive conservation and management of Fujisan and to respond to the needs ofmany visitors by providing information about the nature, history, and culture of Fujisan aswell as tourist attractions in nearby areas.
Also, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant municipalities jointly
construct a system to welcome visitors around Fujisan.
・ Actions already implemented
Progress of the Construction of “Fujisan World Heritage Centers “FY

Yamanashi Prefecture

2011

－

Reference Information 1: Construction of “Fujisan World Heritage Center”

2012

72 |

2013
2014
2015

Shizuoka Prefecture
・ Establishment of the basic concept
preparation committee
・Development of the basic concept
・Development of the basic plan

・ Establishment of the construction
discussion committee
・ Selection of the construction site(within the precinct of the existing
Yamanashi Prefecture Fuji Visitor
Center at Funatsu, FujikawaguchikoTown)
・Development of the basic construction
plan
・Exhibit design and construction design ・Selection of the construction site (Miya
Town, Fujinomiya City)
・Development of the detailed exhibit plan
・ Construction and exhibit design, ・Basic design and detailed design
construction work, manufacturing of
exhibits
・Construction work, manufacturing and ・Installation of exhibits
installation of exhibits

Overview of “Fujisan World Heritage Centers”
Yamanashi Prefecture
Funatsu, Fujikawaguchiko Town
To be constructed as an extension to the
Locationexisting Fuji Visitor Center in its
southern precinct
2
Area: approx. 27,600 m
2Construction area: approx. 4,330 m
2
Size
Total floor area: approx. 500 m※Fuji Visitor Center (existing)2
Total floor area: approx. 1,671 m
Approx. 1.5 billion JPY
Project(including a construction cost of 930
cost
million JPY and an exhibit installation
cost of 460 million JPY)As planned in the detailed design
2
Exhibition room: 824.49 m
2
Library: 72.36 m
2
Facilities Multi-purpose hall: 47.24 m
2
Meeting rooms: 52.61 m etc.
※Fuji Visitor Center (existing)2
Exhibition room: 470 m

Shizuoka Prefecture
Miya Town, Fujinomiya City
To be newly constructed in and around theexisting open space2

Area: approx. 7,000 m
2
Construction area: approx. 6,200 m
2
Total floor area: approx. 3,600 m
Approx. 4.3 billion JPY(including a construction cost of 3.1 billion
JPY and an exhibition installation cost of 1
billion JPY)As planned in the detailed design2Permanent exhibition room: 957 m
2
Special exhibition room: 128 m
2
Library: 59 m
2
Seminar room: 76 m
2
Video theater: 93 m
2
Storage rooms: 76 m etc.

・ Future actions
Aiming to open the center in Yamanashi Prefecture in July 2016 and to complete theconstruction of the center in Shizuoka Prefecture by the end of October 2017, theconstruction of the building and the manufacturing of exhibits are in progress and the
management system and specific operations are to be determined in time. In addition, therecruitment of staff who will run the projects and programmes of the centers and theestablishment of mechanism for research and study centering on Fujisan World Heritage
Centers are done in coordination with relevant municipalities.
Schedule

FY
2016
2017

Yamanashi Prefecture
Opening--

Shizuoka Prefecture
Construction,
exterior
works,
manufacturing and installation of exhibits
Completion

Reference Information 1: Construction of “Fujisan World Heritage Center”<Visual Image of Yamanashi Prefecture Fujisan World Heritage Center><Visual Image of Exhibits at Yamanashi Prefecture Fujisan World Heritage Center>

Exhibits are structured with the intention of interpreting the relationships between thecomponent parts.
E. Information desk
F. to O. Exhibits
F. Fujisan, object of worship
G. Worship ascent
H. Worship from afar
I. Worship from afar (Fujimoundsthroughout
Japan)
J. Fujisan, source of artistic
inspiration
K. Lava tube
L. Expanding universe of
FujisanM. Fujisan cultureN.
Protection
andconservation of Fujisan
O. Fujisan pledge|

73

<Visual Image of Fujisan World Heritage Center (provisional name) (Shizuoka Prefecture)>

Reference Information 1: Construction of “Fujisan World Heritage Center”<Visual Image of the Exhibits of Fujisan World Heritage Center (provisional name) (Shizuoka
Prefecture)>

74 |Video Theater

Guidance
Interpretation

Thematic Exhibits
Theme I

Theme II

Theme III

SacredMountain

Beautiful
Mountain

To theFutureExhibits on the spiral slope■Section of the center with zoning

Special
Exhibition

Virtual Tour ofComponentPartsReference Information 2: Information for Safe and Comfortable Climbing
・ Summary
The Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji (secretariat: Ministry of
the Environment, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture) has been promoting theproper uses of Fujisan, which is designated as a National Park since the council was set up
in February 2011 (as an expansion of the Fujisan Sign Liaison Council). The Council
started a mobile web site, "Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing", in June 2013, in orderto provide information to promote safe climbing of Fujisan.
・ Actions already implemented

・ Future actions
The above-mentioned official web site is providing information about the conditions ofascending routes, basic equipment for Fujisan ascent, safety information, risks, regulations
and rules, and real-time information such as weather conditions. The web site will be
improved to contain more information that meets visitors’ needs.

Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|

Reference Information 2: Information for Safe and Comfortable Climbing

Recent problems of climbing on Fujisan are so-called "bullet climbing" by those whostart climbing at night without sleeping and make descents after watching the sunrise at themountain top. Lightly dressed and equipped climbers can become sick or get injured
during the ascent. As the inscription of Fujisan on the World Heritage List might result infurther increase in the number of climbers and the congestion at the mountaintop in theweekends and holidays, information useful for climbers in the preparation stage,
pre-climbing stage, and in the climbing stage is provided at the Official Web Site for Mt.
Fuji Climbing (launched in June 2013) in order to facilitate and promote safe ascents ofFujisan based on appropriate climbing plans that allow ample time.

75

Reference Information 3: Training and Mobilization of World Heritage Guides
・ Summary"World Heritage Guides", who can guide visitors, interpreting the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage, “Fujisan”, and explaining about the proper
conservation and management, have been trained through training programs since 2012.
・ Actions already implemented
The World Heritage Guide Training Program is offered to volunteer guides who are
working in Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture (nature, tourism, and foreign
language) and those who have the intention of working as World Heritage guides. As ofthe end of September 2015, 190 people have completed the program. They are working as
guides for visitors at different component parts and nearby facilities.
In Yamanashi Prefecture, 47 people have completed the program as of the end of
September 2015. They are working as guides for visitors at the Yamanashi Prefecture Fuji
Visitor Center.

Reference Information 3: Training and Mobilization of World Heritage Guides

Number of world heritage guides trained in the past few years

76 |

FY

2012

2013

2014

Number of people
who completed theguide training
course71

77

74

Seminar201515(at the end of
September)

Total
237

Field visit

・ Future actions“World Heritage Guides” are to be trained to interpret the Outstanding Universal Valueof Fujisan to visitors. Activities of “World Heritage Guides” such as guiding visitors at
individual component parts are also to be promoted in cooperation with liaisonorganizations of relevant municipalities.
Also, at “Fujisan World Heritage Centers” in Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka
Prefecture, information about the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan is to beprovided and awareness raising for its conservation is to be implemented.

Reference Information 4: Publication and Utilization of Pamphlets
・ SummaryPamphlets and brochures are prepared to provide information about mutual
relationships between the component parts based on the research and study on pilgrimage
routes, the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan, and conservation efforts, so that
visitors can easily recognize and understand the mutual relations between the component
parts.
・ Actions already implemented

・ Future actions
The pamphlets and brochures that have been prepared so far continue to be distributedat the 5th stations and other places, used at lectures, seminars, etc., and posted on the website, with a view to deepening the understanding of visitors about the mutual relationships
between the component parts, the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan, andconservation efforts.
In addition, they will be updated based on the results of future research and study on
pilgrimage routes etc.

|

Reference Information 4: Publication and Utilization of Pamphlets

The Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council prepared multi-language pamphlets andbrochures in Japanese, English, and other languages based on the results of research andsurvey on pilgrimage routes as current at March 2015 and have been distributing them atthe 5th stations and other places, using them at lectures, seminars, etc. and posting them on
the web sites.

77Reference Information 5: Visiting Lectures and Seminars
・ Summary
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture give visiting lectures in order to explain
the nature and culture of Fujisan, basic knowledge of World Heritage, and efforts thathave been made for inscription on the World Heritage, to enhance the understanding ofand interest in Fujisan, and to build up the mood for passing on the World Heritage,Fujisan, to future generations.
・ Actions already implemented
Lecturers have been given by staff of Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture atelementary schools, junior highs, and high schools and, upon request, at variousorganization.
Number of visiting lectures and participants in the past few years

FY 2011

Reference Information 5: Visiting Lectures and Seminars

Kindergarten,
43 times /elementary school, junior
4,005 people
high, and high school
36 times /Adults2,191 people
Total
79 times /6,196 people

78 |FY 2012FY 2013

FY 201436 times / 5,188 59 times / 6,693 47 times / 5,013
peoplepeoplepeople60 times / 3,576 82 times / 4,229
peoplepeople96 times / 8,764 141 times /people10,922 people

Scenes of visiting lectures

45 times / 2,028
people92 times /7,041people

・ Future actions
Staff of prefectural governments will continue to visit elementary schools, junior highschools, high schools, local communities, and companies to give lectures for students andcitizens in order to improve their understanding of and interest in Fujisan and encouragethem to pass on the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan to future generations.

Reference Information 6: “Fuji no Kuni” Kids’ Study Program・ Summary
The Certified NPO, National Council on Mt. Fuji World Heritage, and Yamanashi and
Shizuoka Prefectures are promoting programmes in which the masterpiece of ukiyo-e
woodblock print, “Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji”, is used in order for students tounderstand the cultural value of Fujisan and develop attitudes to "cherish Fujisan,hometown, and Japan".

Textbook

DVD containing educational materials

In 2012, model classes were held in elementary schools in Yamanashi Prefecture,
Shizuoka Prefecture, and Tokyo. Based on the aforementioned model classes, teachingmaterials for 6th grade social study class were made. In 2013, the teaching materials were
distributed to all elementary schools in Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, andthe Chuo ward of Tokyo. Teaching materials were also distributed to all elementary
schools in Sumida, Taito, and Shibuya wards of Tokyo in 2014. Furthermore efforts toimprove the programme quality have been made, such as the revision of the teachingmaterials for easier use in 2015.

School children learning in a lecture

・ Future actions
The efforts for better quality of the program are to be continued, for example bymaking revisions to the teaching materials for easier use in classes. In addition, the further
use of the programme in Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and other places inJapan is to be promoted.

|

Reference Information 6: “Fuji no Kuni” Kids’ Study Program・ Actions already implemented

79

80 |

Risk Management Strategy
1 Purpose
To protect the component parts of the World Heritage property as well as the lives and theproperty of visitors and residents from disasters such as volcanic eruptions, storms, floods,
landslides, and fires.

2 Existing State
In its evaluation report, ICOMOS noted that there is no disaster plan for Fujisan. However,Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant municipal governments did alreadyhave the “regional disaster prevention plan” when the nomiation dossier was submitted to the
UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This plan included disaster prevention, emergency disaster
response, recovery, and reconstruction, from the pre-disaster stage throught to the disaster andpost-disaster stages, to protect the lives and property of residents. The prefectures also conductdisaster prevention drills on an ongoing basis.
In addition to this “regional disaster prevention plan”, the Agency for Cultural Affairs has
established the “Disaster Prevention Plan the Cultural Properties”, which peratins to the culturalproperties constituting the World Heritage property. Shizuoka Prefecture and relevant municipal
governments within Yamanashi Prefecture, in coordination with Yamanashi Prefecture,additionally published the “Cultural Properties Disaster Prevention Manual”. Based on the Planand Manual, the relevant municipal governments and related organizations within the two
prefectures have been implementing measures to prevent disasters, recover from disasters, andensure the protection of lives and physical safety of visitors at interpretation facilities etc.

(1) Measures to respond to volcanic eruption
As measures for responding to the eruption of Fujisan, the “Basic Framework of Volcano
Wide-Area Disaster Countermeasures for Mt. Fuji” was drawn up in 2006 by the Central
Disaster Management Council, which consists of all of Japan’s ministers, including the Prime
Minister, as well as academic experts. Based on the “Report of the Committee for the
Discussion of the Mt. Fuji Hazard Map”, which was published in 2004, Yamanashi Prefecture,
Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant municipal governments have added a “volcano disasterprevention plan for Mt. Fuji”, which mainly addresses evacuation measures in case of theeruption of Fujisan, to the “regional disaster prevention plan”.
Furthermore, in February 2014, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, Kanagawa
Prefecture, relevant municipal governments, etc. published the “Wide-Area Evacuation Plan|81

for the Mt. Fuji Volcano”, setting out basic evacuation principles such as the area where
evacuation is needed, the number of people who need to be evacuated, evacuation destinations,and staged evacuation procedures. In March 2015, measures for the smooth evacuation ofresidents etc. from a wide area, including information sharing, wide-area evacuation, andtraffic control, were identified and added to enhance the plan.
In October 2014, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture
conducted joint disaster prevention drills of the simulated response and coordination
procedures needed in case of the eruption of Mt. Fuji. In the summer of 2015, climbers weretrained in safety measures in coordination with tourist companies, mountain hut associations,etc. The plan will be enhancedby training drills etc. with a view to improving safety andensuring people’s peace of mind.

(2) Responses to storms, floods, landslides, earthquakes, fires.
The “Regional Disaster Prevention Plan” sets out disaster prevention measures for different
types of disaster, including storms, floods, earthquakes, and large-scale fires. Disasterprevention drills have been conducted on an ongoing basis.

3 Issues
Measures to ensure the protection of lives and physical safety of visitors need to be enhanced.
Measures for conserving component parts of Fujisan require review and strengthening.

4 Policies
Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and the relevant municipal governments play acentral role in increasing the visitor awareness of the regional disaster prevention plan. In
addition, the relevant organizations will work together to review plans for conserving individualcomponent parts of Fujisan to strengthen disaster-prevention measures.

5 Measures(1) Volcanic eruption and associated disasters
Based on the “Wide-Area Evacuation Plan for the Mt. Fuji Volcano” published in February
2014, relevant plans are to be validated based on the lessons learned duiring previous
disaster-prevention drills. This will allow the population targeted for evacuation to be
evacuated as smoothly as possible if a volcanic eruption appears imminent.

82 |Since the eruption of Mt. Ontake (3,067 m), on the border between Nagano Prefecture andGifu Prefecture on 27 September 2014, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture havebeen examining the information provided to climbers, in addition to the evacuation routes,
requirements for evacuation facilities, and ways to raise awareness among people planning to
make ascents (from the perspective of ensuring the safety of climbers in case of a sudden
eruption etc). Future discussions will be led by the Mt. Fuji Volcano Disaster Prevention
Council, and the results will be fed back to the “Wide-Area Evacuation Plan for the Mt. Fuji
Volcano” (reference information 1 and 2, pages 86 and 90).
In addition, the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture will
work together to develop the “Emergency Disaster Damage Reduction Plan for the Eruption of
Mt. Fuji”. The Pland will mitigate damage from landslide disasters, resulting from an eruptionof Mt. Fuji, to infrastructure, lifelines, etc., and will support broad evacuation efforts.
Furthermore, equipment will be installed, and the monitoring mechanism enhanced, to identify
early signs of an eruption for ensuring prompt emergency damge-mitigation measures.

(2) Landslides and stone falls(i) Construction of facilities to prevent erosion-caused disasters
In the “Osawa Kuzure” erosion area, measures to control erosion and prevent thecollapse of mountain slopes are to be taken together with the constructionof
sediment-control dams and sand-retention fields at the foot of the mountain of Fujisan inorder to prevent debris-flow disasters, while taking consideration of the scenic landscape(reference information 3, page 91).
(ii) Landslides and stone falls
To prevent erosion, the cutting of trees etc. is restricted; and to protect climbers andvisitors from stone falls etc., facilities such as training levees, protection walls, andprotection fences are to be installed, in consideration of the scenic landscape.

(3) Earthquakes
Based on the “Shizuoka Prefecture Action Programme 2013 for Countermeasures against
Earthquakes and Tsunamis”, measures against earthquakes and tsunamis are to be improved interms of both hardware and software.
Based on the regional disaster prevention plan, countermeasures against earthquakes are to
be promoted.

|

83

(4) Fires(i) Mountain fires
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture conduct awareness-raising campaigns toprevent mountain fires in coordination with relevant municipal governments and otherorganizations.
(ii) Prescribed fires
Prescribed fires are necessary to eradicate harmful insects and prevent wild fires. Whenprescribed fires are set, the safety of workers must be ensured and the spread of fire is to beprevented based on good practice guidelines and the safety measures manual (reference
information 4, page 92).

(5) Safety of visitors in the mountain area
Information will be provided to visitors and climbers by installing radio equipment andloudspeakers in the mountain huts, and the 5th Station, and pamphlets will be distributed toraise the awareness of visitors and climbers and ensure the safety of visitors to themountain area (reference information 5, page 93).

(6) Disaster affecting the component parts at the foot of the mountain
Measures to prevent disaster, recover buildings designated as Cultural Properties, andensure the safety of the people visiting them are to be taken based on the “Disaster
Prevention Plan for Cultural Properties” of the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the“Cultural Properties Disaster Prevention Manual”, etc. (reference information 6, page 94).

84 |

Reference Information|

85

Reference Information 1: Volcanic Disaster Countermeasures for Fujisan

Reference Information 1: Volcanic Disaster Countermeasures for Fujisan

86 |・ Summary
The “Fujisan Volcanic Disaster Management Council”, consisting of the national
government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, othermunicipal governments, volcano experts, and relevant organizations, was set up in June2012 in order to discuss comprehensive evacuation measures in case of the eruption of
Fujisan and other matters jointly. It promotes the establishment of a disaster prevention
system for volcanic disasters and contributes to raising awareness of local people etc. fordisaster prevention.
Within the Council, prefectural core groups, three-prefecture core group, andprefectural joint secretariat are established (see the figure on next page). At theprefectural core groups, matters to be discussed at each prefecture are considered bymember departments and organizations. At the three-prefecture core group, all the coregroups of the three prefectures gather together when needed for confirmation or
coordination about overarching policies. At the joint secretariat of the prefectural coregroups, the secretariats of individual prefectures put together the results of discussions at
the individual groups and make necessary coordination.
In case that the volcanic activities of Fujisan become active, residents and otherpeople in wide areas need to be evacuated. Therefore, the Council has a role to play intaking measures to address volcanic disasters over a wide area, by ensuring thecoordination and information sharing among member organizations and building
consensus and making necessary coordination about disaster prevention measures,
including wide-area evacuation, in light of the opinions of volcano experts etc. in
preparation of the implementation of countermeasures that cover a wide area.

|

87

Reference Information 1: Volcanic Disaster Countermeasures for FujisanReference Information 1: Volcanic Disaster Countermeasures for Fujisan
88 |・ Actions already implemented
The “Wide-area Evacuation Plan for the Eruption of Mt. Fuji” provides evacuationplans consisting of specific information, such as who needs to be evacuated when from
where to where, based on different types of volcanic phenomenon. Basically, in case oflava flow (generation of crater, pyroclastic flow, large volcanic ejecta, and lava flow),
people are evacuated over a wide area to outside the “Danger Area” (area to be
evacuated from); in case of snow melt triggered by volcanic eruption, ash fall, and small
volcanic ejecta, people are evacuated to nearby (in robust buildings etc.). Period of
evacuation and concept of to where the residents would evacuate are described below.
"Climbing restriction" is issued to tourists and climbers when the announcement of"preparation for evacuation" is issued to the general public in the same area.
Also, in order to prevent society from being thrown into confusion or panic due toevacuation and to avoid traffic congestions, the area to be evacuated from is delineatedto the minimum necessary and the differentiated timing of evacuation is planned
according to the specific conditions of locations.
As a measure to ensure the public awareness of the volcanic alert levels for Fujisanand evacuation plans for different volcanic phenomena, pamphlets have been publishedand distributed.
In October 2014, “Three-Prefecture Joint Disaster Prevention Drill 2014” wasconducted in order to verify and improve the effectiveness of the "Wide-area Evacuation
Plan for the Eruption of Fujisan", based on three main training pillars: “joint on-map
training”, “residents’ evacuation training”, and “individual trainings of relevantorganizations”.
In March 2015, the existing “Wide-area Evacuation Plan for the Eruption of Mt. Fuji”
was revised, following the three points: (i) the organizational structures of the Council,
the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant
municipal governments; (ii) procedures for mutual information sharing, designation ofwide-area evacuation routes, principles and procedures of evacuee acceptance; and (iii)actions to be taken by different organizations to ensure the smooth wide-area evacuationaccording to different eruption alert levels.
・ Future actions
The Fujisan Volcanic Disaster Management Council will continue to conduct
evacuation drills to verify and improve the effectiveness of the existing “Wide-are
Evacuation Plan for the Eruption of Mt. Fuji”. In particular, the Council will have joint
discussion, as appropriate, about the content of Mt. Fuji Hazard Map, the standards forrobust buildings and their designation, the removal of objects obstructing wide-area
evacuation routes, and the safety measures for tourists and climbers in case of sudden
eruption, and will reflect the results of discussion in the “Wide-area Evacuation Plan for
the Eruption of Mt. Fuji”.

|89

Reference Information 1: Volcanic Disaster Countermeasures for FujisanReference Information 2: Volcano Disaster Management for Visitors
・ Summary
In preparation of sudden eruption of Fujisan, a map showing the evacuation routes on
the existing roads is developed and measures are taken to raise the awareness of climbers,
other visitors, and other people about evacuation routes, in order to help them takeactions for evacuation in case of eruption.

Reference Information 2: Volcano Disaster Management for Visitors

・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture surveyed the current conditions of the existing roads and, basedon the records of past eruptions of Fujisan, simulated four representative patterns oferuption through exchange of opinions with experts in volcanoes, municipal
governments, local stakeholders, etc., estimating the area to be affected by volcanic
phenomena and developing a map showing the evacuation routes on the existing roads.
The prepared map has been posted on the web site of Yamanashi Prefecture anddistributed to climbers, other visitors, and other people at the facilities of the 5th stationand other places in an effort to raise awareness of the evacuation routes.
Also, Shizuoka Prefecture is making a map of evacuation routes on the model of
Yamanashi Prefecture’s evacuation route map for the eruption of Mt. Fuji, so that they
can complete the map by March 2016.

90 |・ Future actions
The issues that have been identified in the process of the survey on the current
conditions of the existing roads for the development of the map and also in the processof the discussion on evacuation routes will be sorted out and translated into the future
evacuation measures in case of eruption.

Evacuation Route Map for the Eruption of Mt. Fuji

・ Actions already implemented
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has been constructing
sediment-related disaster prevention facilities to prevent bank erosion, to stabilize
unstable soil, and to prevent the spread of debris flows in the downstream valleys where
erosion and collapses are taking place, including Osawa Kuzure, as a measure to protect
the downstream areas from damage of debris flow. In addition, measures to prevent
sediment-related disasters have been implemented at the streams to the southwest of
Fujisan.
【Consolidation works at Osawa Kuzure】

BeforeAfter【Sediment-related disaster prevention measures to the southwest of Fujisan】

Sand retention works

Channel works

Sabo dam・ Future actions
In order to protect the downstream areas from sediment-related disasters,Mount Fuji
Sabo Office of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism will continue
to construct dams for erosion and sediment control (Sabo dams) and sand retention
works at Osawa Kuzure and steams to the southwest of Fujisan, and Shizuoka Prefecture
will at other streams.

|

Reference Information 3: Development of Erosion Control Facilities at the Foot of
Fujisan, Including Sabo Works for the Osawa Kuzure

Reference Information 3: Development of Erosion Control Facilities at the Foot of
Fujisan, Including Sabo Works for the Osawa Kuzure
・ Summary
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is taking the initiative in
implementing river-bed works to prevent erosion and hillside landslides at the head of
the Osawa River, where land collapses have been continuing on the western slope of
Fujisan (known as Osawa Kuzure). In relation to this, at the Osawa River and othersteams with high risks of debris flows at the foot of Fujisan on the side of Shizuoka
Prefecture, measures to prevent landslide and debris flows from flowing out to thedownstream are implemented, including the installation of erosion control dams andsand retention areas at proper locations in order to prevent damage caused by debris
flows.

91

Reference Information 4: Prevention of the Spread of Fire during Prescribed Burning

Reference Information 4: Prevention of the Spread of Fire during Prescribed Burning

・ Summary
Prescribed burning is a traditional process of burning dead grasses such as the
miscanthus intentionally and is locally called hiire in local communities around Fujisan.
Prescribed burning has been conducted for various reasons: acceleration of the growthof medicinal herbs and the miscanthus that is gathered by local people as roofing
materials for traditional Japanese houses, maintenance of biodiversity, continuation ofcultural traditions with the participation of local residents, and contribution tomaintaining the landscapes of Fujisan, such as forests and grass fields.

92 |・ Actions already implemented
Municipalities where prescribed burning is implemented have set ordinances toregulate the process of open burning.
Ordinances are stipulating regulations to prevent the fire from spreading, such assuspension of the prescribed burning process when measured wind velocity exceeds thethreshold value or humidity decreases below the threshold value, as well as theimplementation structure of prescribed burning such as the allocation and roles of people
participating in the process, and installation of fire safety zones.
Safety manuals describing cautions to ensure the safety of prescribed burning are also
prepared and distributed to increase the awareness of participants.
Municipalities near the site of prescribed burning are also implementing safetymeasures such as installing fire safety zones with sufficient widths to prevent the firefrom spreading to nearby forests and grass fields.
・ Future actions
The safety of people engaging in prescribed burning will continue to be ensured,
based on work guidelines and safety manuals, and efforts are to be made to prevent the
spread of fire.

Reference Information 5: Volcano Disaster Countermeasures for Visitors
・ Summary“Mt. Fuji Volcano Guide Map” has been prepared, providing climbers and tourists
visiting the northern foot of Fujisan with information of procedures for smoothevacuation in case of emergency. Mt. Fuji Volcano Guide Map has been made available
at roadside stations and tourist spots for higher public awareness.
・ Actions already implemented“Mt. Fuji Volcano Guide Map” has been published in Japanese, English, Chinese,and Korean in an effort to raise awareness of volcanic disaster prevention andevacuation procedures in case of eruption and has been made available at about 25
locations centering on roadside stations and tourist spots. So far, about 100 thousand
copies have been distributed.

Reference Information 5: Volcano Disaster Countermeasures for Visitors

・ Future actions“Mt. Fuji Volcano Guide Map” will continue to be distributed to climbers and tourists
from other countries who do not have access to information about disaster prevention inadvance and the information provision will be strengthened.

Mt. Fuji Volcano Guide Map|93

Reference Information 6: Disaster Controls at the Component Parts Located at the Foot of Fujisan

Reference Information 6: Disaster Controls at the Component Parts Located at theFoot of Fujisan

94 |・ SummaryWith regard to the wooden buildings etc. associated with the World Heritage,Fujisan, designated by the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, and Shizuoka
Prefecture, measures have been taken based on the “Disaster Prevention BusinessPlan” by the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the “Disaster Prevention Manual for
Cultural Properties” by Shizuoka Prefecture, such as fire prevention, recovery in caseof damage due to disasters, and safety and security of lives of visitors at facilities.
Efforts will be continued to call on owners of wooden buildings to maintain andmanage fire prevention facilities in order to prevent fire.
Also, in order to rescue cultural properties in case of a disaster, Shizuoka Prefecture
has organized a network to support the rescue of cultural properties, consisting oforganizations related to cultural properties within and outside Shizuoka Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as “Rescue Network”). The secretariat of the Rescue Networkorganizes training courses for cultural property rescue supporters in order to train
human resources who can work in the rescue and appointing those who completed
these training courses and people with necessary skills to protect cultural properties as"cultural property rescue supporters".
・Actions already implemented
With regard to fires at buildings such as Shinto shrines, owners or local governments
which are designated as custodial bodies under the Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties are implementing measures such as the installation of fire prevention
facilities including automatic fire alarm systems and the establishment of fire brigades.
For the maintenance and management of these fire prevention facilities, financial
assistance has been provided to owners and custodial bodies since before theinscription of Fujisan on the World Heritage List.
Shizuoka Prefecture launched the rescue network in 2011 and training courses for
cultural properties rescue supporters have been organized since 2012.
In the Shizuoka Prefecture General Disaster Prevention Drill in 2013, culturalproperties rescue supporters and the rescue network conducted a drill for informationcollection about damage to cultural properties and in 2014 the member organizationsof the rescue network conducted the drill.
Also the municipalities of Yamanashi Prefecture in coordination with Yamanashi
Prefecture developed a manual for ensuring the safety of visitors to the relevant
component parts (hereinafter referred to as “manual”) in 2015.
・ Future actions
Financial assistance will continue to be provided for maintenance and managementof fire prevention facilities. Also, training courses for cultural properties rescue
supporters will be continued and the efforts to enhance the rescue network will also be
continued.
Municipal governments within Yamanashi Prefecture will conduct disaster prevention
drills in accordance with the manual, while verifying and revising the manual.

Development Control
1 Purpose
Desired styles of future land uses at the foot of Fujisan are to be explored, building upon thehistorical developments of land use styles at the foot of the mountain, through the process ofconsensus building among diverse stakeholders within local community about how Fujisanshould be.
A balance between conservation and development is to be achieved, to build a sustainable,
good relationship between the local population and the mountain itself and to conserve Fujisan’s
scenic landscapes, while ensuring as a matter of principle that the Outstanding Universal Value of
Fujisan is passed on to future generations.

2 Existing State(1) Component parts (property)
The land where the component parts are located can be divided into public land and private
land.
On public land, the use of which is decided upon by the national government, Yamanashi
and Shizuoka prefectural governments, and/or municipal governments, the possibilities ofdevelopment are extremely low. On private land, although ownership belongs to individuals,
strict land use controls are in place under the provisions of the Law for the Protection ofCultural Properties and the Natural Parks Act (which governs areas designated as Special
Zones of a National Park) and alterations to the existing landforms, the construction of newbuildings and other structures, and other development acts are regulated, significantly limiting
the execution of land ownership. Therefore, the possibilities of development are very low andthe protection of the component parts is thus ensured.

(2) Buffer zone
The buffer zone can also be divided into public and private land.
On public land, the use of which is decided upon by the national government, Yamanashi
and Shizuoka prefectural governments, and/or municipal governments, the possibilities ofdevelopment are extremely low.
On the other land, within the private land category, some areas are subject to strict land use
regulations under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the Natural Parks Act(which governs areas designated as Special Zones of a National Park), and the City Planning
Act (which governs areas designated as Urbanization Control Areas), while others are subject|95

to relatively mild regulations on size and location of buildings etc., such as the Ordinary Zonesof a National Park – as designated under the Natural Parks Act -- and areas of the LandscapeOrdinances and Landscape Plans, which are under the jurisdiction of municipal governments
by way of the Landscape Act.
In such privately owned areas, which are subject to relatively mild regulations, there is thepossibility of development affecting the connections between the component parts and the
body of Fujisan, necessitating countermeasures.
Further, even in the designated Urbanization Control Areas under the City Planning Act(which strictly regulates land use) there are some cases of insufficient enforcement of control
measures. Measures need to be taken to address both concerns.

3 Issues
The major issue pertaining to development control, such as the construction of buildings, along
the lower mountain slopes is how to control the scale and location of buildings that are
constructed in areas with relatively milder regulations, along with other structures that are notregulated under the City Planning Act.
The design of buildings, the color of exterior walls, etc. are to be regulated by the Landscape
Act and the ordinances that have been adopted by municipal governments under the said act.
However, at this point in time, there remain some municipal governments that have yet to adopt
these ordinances. Measures need to be taken to address this.

4 Policies
The following two policies are set out: “measures to control development pressures within thebuffer zone” and “measures to address specific issues”.

(1) Measures to control development pressures within the buffer zone
Administrative procedures effective in controlling the scale and location of development
need to be strengthened.
When measures to address development pressures within the buffer zone are considered, thehistorical background of the lower mountain slopes of Fujisan which have long been central tolocal people’s lives and livelihoods as well as serving as popular tourist destinations should be
respected, and due attention should be paid to building consensus among the various
stakeholders within the local community.
.

96 |(2) Measures to address specific issues
When solving specific issues, a mix needs to be achieved between long-term measures tothoroughly address ongoing problems to be implemented in a planned manner and immediate
actions expected to bring about effective improvement quickly.

5 Measures(1) Measures to control development pressures within the buffer zone
The national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and relevant
municipal governments are to work together to review at an early stage various administrative
procedures under applicable laws from the perspective of conserving the value of Fujisan,
without excluding the possibilities of their amendment. To be specific, by enforcing theseadministrative procedures at various stages in an effective and multilayered manner such as
requiring prior notification of controlled activities, prior consultation, public hearings, andexamination from technical perspectives at councils consisting of academic experts etc., theeffectiveness of development control is to be enhanced, facilitating early detection of potential
development pressures, coordination for consensus building, and monitoring.
The relevant municipal governments that have not yet done so will also pass their own
landscape ordinances based on the Landscape Act as soon as possible and set out standards forgood landscape development.
Once these measures are implemented, due attention will be paid to consensus building
among various stakeholders within the local community; efforts will be made to raise publicawareness of the need for conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan, to build
the momentum of the whole society, and to help businesses understand their social
responsibilities pertaining to Fujisan.

(2) Measures to address specific issues
i Fuji Five Lakes (reference information 1, page 103)
Yamanashi Prefecture and relevant stakeholders are discussing lake surface usage andlandscaping at the “Meeting for the Creation of Fuji Five Lakes for Tomorrow” etc.
Yamanashi Prefecture has also revised its ordinances (Yamanashi Prefectural Ordinance for
Maintaining the Quiet Environment of Fuji Five Lakes) to require those who plan to ride
engine-powered boats on the lakes to submit “notifications of navigation” to the governor of
Yamanashi Prefecture every year, so that the actual status of boat riding can be ascertained.
ii Oshino Hakkai springs (reference information 2, page 104)
Oshino Village is implementing the Improvement and Utilization Plan for the Natural|

97

Monument, Oshino Hakkai Springs, including measures to improve the visual harmony ofthe buildings around the springs.
iii Shiraito no Taki waterfalls (reference information 3, page 106)
Based on the Basic Plan for the Improvement and Maintenance of the Place of Scenic
Beauty and Natural Monument, Shiraito no Taki”, Fujinomiya City removed or relocatedshops around the waterfall basin: an old bridge in poor condition has also been removed. A
new bridge designed to blend in with the surrounding scenic landscape has instead been
installed in a location set back from the waterfall basin; and a viewpoint for waterfalls andFujisan was set up. Further improvement work is to be implemented in the surrounding areaof this component part, including the removal of the viewing platform, utility poles, andelectric lines.
iv Facilities at the fifth station on the Fujinomiya Ascending RouteThe common understanding is to be shared among the local government officers of
Shizuoka Prefecture about the philosophy, functions, roles, etc. suitable for the entrance tothe World Cultural Heritage, Fujisan. To achieve visual harmonization that complies withthe standards of exterior appearance (color etc.) set by the Natural Parks Act, the Law for theProtection of Cultural Properties, and other laws, Shizuoka Prefecture, Fujinomiya City,
owners, and others are continuing consultation and discussion.
v Facilities at the fifth station on the Yoshida Ascending Route (Reference information 4,
page 108)
Yamanashi Prefecture is playing the central role in providing opportunities for discussion
among stakeholders (Fourth Station and Fifth Station Working Group), consisting of local
stakeholders including the owners of facilities at the fifth station on the Yoshida Ascending
Route and a committee consisting of experts in cultural properties, landscapes, regional
planning, color planning, tourism, etc.; discussion is underway about the spatial compositionand visitor flows in light of the characteristics of the fifth station of the Yoshida Ascending
Route serving as a spiritual center and a provider of various services to visitors, etc.
vi Signs and explanatory boards (reference information 5, page 110)
Yamanashi Prefecture has started designating the “Advertisement Control Area forLandscape Conservation”, which since April 2015 has entailed stricter standards for the
installation of outdoor advertisements and also developed guidelines for outdoor
advertisements. It also provides financial support for landscape improving activities, such as
refurbishing the existing outdoor advertisements that do not comply with the new standards
and improving the visual harmonization of outdoor advertisements to comply with theguidelines.
Shizuoka Prefecture has strengthened its control measures for signs etc. by implementing
98 |the Plan for the Installation of Public Signs in the Surrounding Areas of Fujisan and revising
the enforcement regulations of its Outdoor Advertisement Ordinance.
vii Utility poles (reference information 6, page 114)
Yamanashi Prefecture is carrying out the underground installation of electric lines etc. in
the northern mountain foot area of Fujisan.
Shizuoka Prefecture, to develop good landscapes in the areas surrounding Fujisan, is
promoting the elimination of utility poles in the cities and towns surrounding Fujisan. Also,
Shizuoka Prefecture has set up the “Working Group for the Expansion of Utility-Pole Free
Areas in the Surrounding Areas of Fujisan” as a forum for discussion and coordination
among stakeholders to expand utility-pole free areas and has developed a plan of action toeliminate utility poles in Prefectural Road Miho-Komagoe Route, the area around the
Shiraito no Taki waterfalls, and other areas.
viii Private cars driving on access roads to ascending routes (reference information 8. ofthe visitor management plan. P50)
The period of private vehicle restriction has been extended on the Fuji Subaru Line (theaccess road to the fifth station of the Yoshida Ascending Route), the Fujisan Sky Line (theaccess road to the fifth station of the Fujinomiya Ascending Route), and the Fuji Azami Line(the access road to the fifth station of the Subashiri Ascending Route).
ix Development control along the lower mountain slopes (reference information 7, page116)
The relevant municipal governments are planning to control the design of buildings, thecolor of exterior walls, etc. by completing the preparation of landscape plans and ordinancesby around 2016, collectively covering all of the component parts and the buffer zone.
Also, in response to large-scale photovoltaic power generation facilities (“mega-solar”)
whose installation has been spreading in Japan recently, the Ministry of the Environment hasrevised the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Natural Parks Act, making it mandatory tosubmit a prior notification for the installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities
exceeding a certain scale in the National Park Ordinary Area.
Yamanashi Prefecture set an ordinance that requires those who intend to carry out projects
exceeding a certain scale in the property area and the buffer zone in Yamanashi Prefecture toundertake surveys, predictions, and evaluations of the impact their projects would have if
implemented on the landscapes and to consider taking measures for the conservation oflandscapes based on the opinions of experts knowledgeable about World Heritage. Also,
municipal governments have agreed to require those who install photovoltaic power
generation facilities exceeding a certain scale to submit prior notification when they make or
update their Landscape Plans.
|99

In Shizuoka Prefecture, the greater part of the buffer zone is composed of national forests
or Urbanization Control Areas, where large-scale developments are restricted. Municipal
governments are also encouraged to make it mandatory, through their landscape plans, tosubmit prior notifications for the installation of photovoltaic power generation facilities
exceeding a certain scale; Fujinomiya City already drafted its own ordinance, making it
mandatory for those who install photovoltaic power generation facilities and wind turbines
exceeding a certain scale to submit prior notification and delineating a control area within
the buffer zone in which no such facilities will be agreed to in principle. If the mandatory
requirement is not followed, punitive measures are to be taken, including public disclosureof the name of the non-compliant company. Fuji City has delineated a control area in whichcalls are made for cooperation not to install the controlled facilities through the proceduresof administrative instruction.
x Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove (reference information 8, page 120)
Shizuoka City has developed the Mihonomatsubara Conservation and Utilization Plan forthe purpose of preserving and utilizing the essential value of the Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove and pass it on to future generations.
“Conservation of the pine tree grove”, “conservation of the sand bar”, and “conservationof scenic landscapes” are set out as the three principles, for which Shizuoka Prefecture andthe relevant organizations are to take conservation measures in coordination.

・Improvement of coastal landscape
Shizuoka Prefecture has organized the “Mihonomatsubara White Sand and Green Pine
Conservation Technical Meeting”, which discussed how to mitigate visual impact of the
breakwater blocks that had been installed to conserve the sand beach and presented nepolicies and measures for the coast improvement work that would meet the needs forseacoast protection and landscape conservation at the same time..
Several policies have already been adopted: “In order to realize the seacoast whosesand beach can be sustained without dependence upon artificial structures, efforts are
made to secure the continuity of sand supply at all times”. Furthermore, “as anintermediate measure until the natural recovery of the sand beach, the sand beach is to beconserved with a minimum level of facilities with due landscape consideration”.
Decisions to replace the existing four breakwaters with L-type groins and to conserve thesand beach through artificial sand supply have been taken.
The area including Breakwater Nos. 1 and 2, which would have significant impact on
the view of Fujisan from an important viewpoint around the Feather Robe pine tree, hasbeen selected as a “Short-term Improvement Area”, for which concrete measures havebeen identified based on a thorough examination of protective functions and landscapes
100 |and simulations predicting future changes in the seacoast, using the scale models.

・Conservation of pine tree grove
Shizuoka Prefecture is exploring overall conservation approaches for the pine grove at
the “Mihonomatsubara Pine Grove Conservation Technical Committee” and otheropportunities, including the measures to prevent the spread of the pine nematode disease
and to produce a soil environment appropriate for the growth of pine trees.
Based on the outcomes of the meeting, Shizuoka Prefecture will develop the “Basic
Plan for the Management of Mihonomatsubara” and phase in concrete measures for theconservation and growth of the pine tree grove in coordination with the municipal
government and the local population.

・Measures to make roads free from utility poles
At the “Working Group for the Expansion of Utility-Pole Free Area in the Surrounding
Area of Fujisan”, Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka City, and other stakeholders such as theauthority in charge of the management of electrical lines have agreed on principles tomake the Prefectural Road Miho-Komagoe Route free from utility poles. Based on theseprinciples, overhead electric lines crossing the road are to be removed in the short term
and the utility poles are to be removed in the middle and long term in parallel with road
improvement projects.
xi Vicinities of Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine (reference information 9, page128)
The widening of Route 138, the national road passing to the north of the compounds ofKitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, is planned. A forum composed of the national
government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Fujiyoshida City, local stakeholders, and academic
experts was set up to consult and discuss town-building issues in the surrounding area,
including road-side landscapes and walking space.

|101

Reference Information

102 |Reference Information 1: Fuji Five Lakes◎ “Meeting for the Creation of Fuji Five Lakes for Tomorrow”
・ Summary
Local stakeholders such as Yamanashi Prefecture, relevant municipalities, and thefishery industry examine method of using the lakes and lakeside landscape
improvement.
・ Actions already implemented“The Meeting for the Creation of Fuji Five Lakes for Tomorrow” was established in2011.
Rules are established for Lake Motosuko and Lake Shojiko based on the agreementwith local stakeholders. Activities are being implemented concerning the use of the lakes,
removal and unification of signs, etc. for improvement of landscapes.
・ Future actions
Landscapes will be improved based on rules. Rules will be continuously established
for the lakes other than Lake Motosuko and Lake Shojiko, where rules have not yet beenmade.
◎ Amendment and enactment of the Yamanashi Prefectural Ordinance for Maintaining
the Quiet Environment of Fuji Five Lakes
・ SummaryThis ordinance mandates the submission of "cruising notification" every fiscal year
and pasting the "cruising notification certificate" (sticker) on boats to accurately keep
track of the operation of motorboats on Fuji Five Lakes.

・ Future actions
The quantity (real number and cumulative number) of motorboats operating in eachlake and the annual trend of their operations will be accurately identified every fiscal
year. These data will be used for the deliberations on the Fuji Five Lakes Conference for
Future to establish rules for individual lakes.

|

Reference Information 1: Fuji Five Lakes

・ Actions already implemented
The above-mentioned ordinance was revised in March 2014 and entered into force asof August. The ordinance becomes applicable to motorboats after April 2015.

103

Reference Information 2: Oshino Hakkai Springs◎ Landscape development at Oshino Hakkai springs and surrounding area
・ SummaryTechnical and financial assistance is provided to visual harmonization projects
implemented by residents and municipalities by establishing the subsidy system basedon the collaboration of Yamanashi Prefecture, municipal governments, and local people("Landscape Development Model Project" from 2011 to 2013, "World Heritage
Landscape Development Support Project" from 2013 to 2018).

Reference Information 2: Oshino Hakkai springs

・ Actions already implemented
Landscaping has been implemented at areas around the Shinnasho River and Oshino
Hakkai springs.
Oshino Village established a visual harmonization plan for the Shinnasho River areain 2011. Two projects were implemented in 2011, including one by the village and one
by residents. One project was implemented by residents in 2012. Five projects were
implemented by residents in 2013.
Oshino Village established a visual harmonization plan for the area around Hakkai in
2012. One project was implemented by residents in 2012, and one by residents in 2013.
Three projects were implemented by residents in 2014.

104 |BeforeDiscordant building color and signs

After
Building color harmonized with surroundings

・ Future actions
Residents’ awareness for landscapes has been raised as a result of the results of visual
harmonization projects so far implemented and the request for early implementation ofprojects has increased. In light of this, the project area will be expanded for project
implementation.

◎ Townscape development at Oshino Hakkai springs and surrounding area
・ SummaryUsing the general subsidy for the development of social capitals (townscapedevelopment project) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
good landscape development is promoted through, for instance, the removal of elements
obstructing the view of Fujisan and the improvement of road pavement.
・ Actions already implemented
Measures to improve the views of Fujisan have been taken, including the coloring of
the road pavement around Oshino Hakkai springs and the underground installation or
relocation of electric wires.

BeforeAfter

Category
FY

Short term
(implemented)
2013 2014 2015

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later

2017

Reference Information 2: Oshino Hakkai springs

・ Future actions
Visual harmonization measures will be further implemented in the area around Oshino
Hakkai springs in accordance with the Oshino Hakkai Springs Development andUtilization Plan.

Removal of above-groundutility poles, discolored asphalt
pavement, and renewal oflighting
Environmental improvement,
installation of signs, and visual
harmonizationofpublicfacilities around springs
Renewal of river protection
fencesandlandscaping
plantation of trees on theriverside
Assistancetovisualharmonization
projects
implemented by residents andbusinesses|

105Reference Information 3: Shiraito no Taki Waterfalls◎ Improvement work at Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

Reference Information 3: Shiraito no Taki waterfalls

・ Summary
In order to ensure that the value of the Shiraito no Taki waterfalls be passed on to
future generations for them to appreciate, Fujinomiya City, the custodial body of thewaterfalls as a Place of Scenic Beauty and a Natural Monument, takes the lead inremoving artificial structures that disturb the scenic beauty of the Shiraito no Takiwaterfalls, maintaining and regenerating the scenic landscape composed of Fujisan andthe waterfalls, and promoting visual harmonization, so that people can feel the history of
the place as pilgrimage routes and places of religious practice associated with Fujisan
worship.
Also, in order to improve the scenic beauty as well as safety and comfort of visitors,
measures are taken such as the construction of walking paths, the installation of viewing
spots commanding good views of Fujisan and the waterfalls, and removing utility poles
and electric wires which are disturbing views.

106 |・ Actions already implemented
Based on the "Basic Development Plan for Places of Scenic Beauty and the Natural
Monument, Shiraito no Taki Waterfalls" established in March 2012, construction
projects started in August 2012, and shops at the basin of the waterfalls were removed
and relocated with the agreement of the owners.
Agreements with local stakeholders were obtained, and opinions of experts weregathered by installing a development council before implementing the development.
The construction projects around the basin of the waterfalls including the constructionof a new bridge were completed in December 2013. The scenic beauty of the Shiraito no
Taki waterfalls was thus maintained and regenerated. Guidance facilities and guideposts
were also constructed to inform visitors of the significance and universal value of thewaterfalls and to provide more information to visitors.
In terms of the removal of utility poles and electric wires that were disturbing views,
the Working Group for the Expansion of Utility-Pole Free Area in the Surrounding Areaof Fujisan, which was held in September 2014 adopted the policy of removing utility
poles in areas around the Shiraito no Taki waterfalls with Shizuoka Prefecture,
Fujinomiya City, and electric wire administrators.

BeforeBuildings on the waterfall basin

After
After removal of buildings and visual harmonization

BeforeArtificial structures in the waterfall basin (bridge and shop)

After
Replacement with new bridge

・ Future actions
Further efforts will be made toward the removal of utility poles and electric wires thatare disturbing views from the Shiraito no Taki waterwalls toward Fujisan.
Short term
(Implemented)
2013
2014 2015

Category
FY
Installationofviewing platform

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later

2017(Completed in 2014)

Removal of utility
poles and electric
wires

Present

After removal of utility poles (future image)|107

Reference Information 4: Facilities at the Fifth Station of the Yoshida Ascending
Route◎ Improvement at the Fourth and Fifth Stations of the Fuji Subaru Line

Reference Information 4: Facilities at the Fifth Station of the Yoshida Ascending Route・ Summary
Yamanashi Prefecture defines the way the Fourth and Fifth Stations of the Fuji Subaru
Line should be and take necessary actions with local stakeholders, in light of the facts
that the 5th Station of the Yoshida Ascending Route used to be a place of spiritualsignificance as the boundary separating the sacred and the secular worlds and that it isstill a “node” or a meeting place of people and faith, people and people, and path and
path.

108 |

・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture played a central role in creating opportunities for discussion
among relevant municipal governments and local stakeholders such as owners offacilities at the Fifth Station and establishing a committee consisting of experts incultural properties, landscapes, regional planning, color planning, tourism, etc.
The committee came up with a draft zoning proposal with streamlined spatial
structure and visitor movements at the Fifth Station (see the figure below), which would
enable different kinds of visitors to recognize the value of Fujisan as an object ofworship and participate in various opportunities of learning and mutual interchanges,
taking into consideration the opinions of local stakeholders, the characteristics of theFifth Station in the spiritual context, and the historical land uses.
At the council of local stakeholders, discussion has been continuing about the future
visions of the Fourth and Fifth Stations and improvement measures that can be
implemented in the short term, based on more detailed future images (see next page).
Based on these discussions, Yamanashi Prefecture plans to adopt the “Grand Designfor the Fourth and Fifth Stations of Fujisan” by March 2016, in which the functions andservices to be provided at the Fourth and Fifth Stations are shown together with the basic
layout of facilities.
【 Past 】【 Present 】

Secular↓SummitSummitSummit↑Sacred【Future】（indicative image）(Heyday of Fuji-ko)

Ascendingroute(worshipascent)Ascendingroute(worshipascent)Variouselements in
mixture andconcentration

Ascendingroute

Spiritualandculturalelements

Ascending route
Worshipfrom afar

Visitorsupportelements

Fuji Subaru Line

Fuji Subaru Line

Schematic Figure of Historical developments and future vision of the Fifth Station

<Present>
To the summit
Informaiton center,aid station etc.

Shops

Shops
To the foot of
the mountain

Shops
Shops
Toilets

Shrine【Concept of future Image】
・Creating a space where one can feel the sacredness and beauty of Fujisan・Control the height of buildings by making use of difference of elevation
・Consider united design of buildings
・Secure the space for worshipping from afar
・Improve visibility of proof of the faith (ex. ascending route, shrine, torii gate towering and so on)
・Separate flow line of people and vehicles<Future image>
Ascending
route

Shr

Visitor・ Future actions
With the participation and continual consultation of all the stakeholders (businesses,
governments, etc.), actions for landscape improvement that can be implemented in the middle
term will be taken, such as improvement on outdoor advertisement signs and consistency of
exterior color and design of buildings. At the same time, the clearer vision of the future to berealized in the long term will be explored and the detailed schedule toward its realization will beworked out.
Category

Short term
(implemented)
2013 2014 2015

FY

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later

2017

th

Future vision of 4 and5th Stations
Implementationof
medium-term actions for
improvementoflandscapes
Promotion of long-term
actionsfortherealization of future
vision●Grand Design|

Reference Information 4: Facilities at the Fifth Station of the Yoshida Ascending Route

Parking lot

109

Reference Information 5: Signs and Explanatory Boards◎ Reinforcement of standards for the installation of outdoor advertisements (in thesurrounding area of Fujisan)・ Summary
Yamanashi Prefecture, in coordination with relevant municipal governments,
designates “advertisement restriction areas for landscape conservation”, in which higher
standards need to be cleared for permission of the installation of outdoor advertisements
for the conservation of landscapes around Fujisan, with a view to securing the visibilityof Fujisan from the major roads at the foot of Fujisan and developing beautiful
landscapes.
・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture underwent consultation with municipal governments(Fujiyoshida City, Fuji Kawaguchiko Town, and Narusawa Village) for the designationof “advertisement restriction areas for landscape conservation” up to 2014; a briefing
meeting for local residents was held in July 2014.
In September 2014, the public announcement was made concerning the designation of“advertisement restriction areas for landscape conservation” and the designation tookeffect in April 2015.
・ Future actions
Yamanashi Prefecture is to provide financial assistance to visual harmonization or
removal of outdoor advertisements for compliance within the “advertisement restriction
areas for landscape conservation”.

Reference Information 5: Signs and Explanatory Boards◎ Assistance to the improvement on outdoor advertisements and visual harmonization

110 |・ SummaryRelevant municipal governments and Yamanashi Prefecture promotes the
improvement of landscapes on the northern side of Fujisan by providing assistance (asWorld Cultural Heritage Landscape Development Support Project) to the owners ofadvertisement signs in improving the existing advertisements that have become
non-compliant with the standards of newly designated “advertisement restriction areas
for landscape conservation”, removing them, or taking visual harmonization measures inorder to come into compliance with the outdoor advertisement guidelines.
・ Actions already implemented
Assistance has been provided for the improvement of landscapes such as the removalof advertisement signs through the establishment of a subsidy system (landscapedevelopment model project) from 2011 to 2013 and a new subsidy system (World
Cultural Heritage Landscape Development Support Project) from 2014 onward.
・ Future actions
Municipal governments directly providing subsidies for landscape improvement suchas the removal of advertisement signs are currently working on the areas to be includedin the individual administrative plans. Provision of subsidies is planned to be started
once the relevant administrative plans have been completed.

◎ Development of Outdoor Advertisement Guidelines
・ Summary“Outdoor advertisement guidelines” is established and publicized so that citizens canunderstand roles and characteristics of outdoor advertisements which becomecomponent parts of towns. Citizens are guided to select landscape-friendly and highquality outdoor advertisements by following the guideline. The guideline describes
important points to avoid disturbing the balance between advertisements and culturalproperties without degrading the view of Fujisan in areas located at the northern foot of
the mountain.
・ Actions already implemented
Yamanashi Prefecture started the preparation of the “outdoor advertisement guidelines(draft)” in 2013, received advice from experts in landscapes (the Council for theDevelopment of Beautiful Prefecture) in May 2014, subjected it in August to the
Yamanashi Prefecture Landscape Council, an auxiliary body of the prefectural
government, and adopted and announced it in October.
・ Future actions
Further efforts will be made to raise the awareness of “Outdoor Advertisement◎ Development of Outdoor Advertisement Guidelines
・ Summary
As a measure to address the inconsistent design and excessive numbers of signs,
guidance signboards, etc. in the surrounding area of Fujisan, standard designs are shown,
based on which the design of signs, guidance signboards, etc. is harmonized. In addition,
unnecessary signs, guidance signboards, etc. are removed.
・ Actions already implemented
For consistency in design of signs, guidance signboards, etc. standard designs havebeen made. Also, unnecessary signs, guidance signboards, etc. have been removed at
Lake Saiko and Lake Shojiko.

<Standard design of an explanatory board>・ Future actions
At Lake Saiko and Lake Shojiko, based on the standard design shown above,necessary actions will be taken step-by-step, such as the unification and new installationof signs, guidance signboards, etc. Also in other areas, unification, new installation, andother actions will be taken.
|

Reference Information 5: Signs and Explanatory Boards

Guidelines”.

111◎ Action plan for the installation of public signs by regions (surrounding area of Fujisan)・ Summary
Based on the “Action Plan for the Installation of Public Signs by Regions (Surrounding
Area of Fujisan)” adopted in 2007, public signs are installed in the surrounding areas ofFujisan.
・ Actions already implemented
Based on the “Action Plan for the Installation of Public Signs by Regions (Surrounding
Area of Fujisan)”, guidance signs have been installed in order to direct visitors frommajor tourist routes to major destinations such as the three ascending routes (Fujinomiya
Route, Gotemba Route, and Subashiri Route) and parking lots smoothly.

Reference Information 5: Signs and Explanatory Boards<Examples>112 |Sign showing directions to ascending routes and parking

Sign showing direction to a park

Also, larger and unified English types have been used and principles of universal
design have been incorporated in multiple languages.
<Examples>

Multi-language sign

Larger English letters◎ Instruction for improvement on sign stands in compliance with new standards
・ Summary
To restrict the use of gaudy colors on advertisement signboards bustling on theroadside for the development of good landscapes, higher standards for permission of theinstallation of outdoor sign stands have been introduced since 1 October 2013.
Briefing meetings were held in order to explain about the new standards and raiseawareness about them before their enforcement.
* Municipal governments in the surrounding area of Fujisan, where the Shizuoka
Prefecture Outdoor Advertisement Ordinance is applied: Susono City and Oyama
Town (*Susono City is authorized by Shizuoka Prefecture to issue permission or giveadministrative instruction to non-compliant cases on its behalf.)* Interim moratorium period is set for the existing advertisements that do not comply with
the new standards until 30 September 2016.
・ Actions already implemented(i) Discussion of new standards by the “Working Group for Re-evaluation of Guidance
Signboards Permission Standards” (December 2011 to October 2012)(ii) Revision of the Enforcement Regulations of the Shizuoka Prefectural Ordinance on
Outdoor Advertisements (promulgated on 29 March 2013 and in effect on 1 October
2013)(iii) Establishment of the “Manual for the Installation of Outdoor Guidance Sign Stands -Standards and Principles for Permission” (third edition, September 2013)(iv) Briefing sessions for outdoor advertisement agents and owners of advertisements (June
2013)

|

Reference Information 5: Signs and Explanatory Boards

・ Future actions(i) Outdoor advertisement agents and owners of advertisements will be notified with
explanation about the new standards.
(ii) Instructions will be given for corrective measures for guidance signboards which do
not comply with the new standards.

113

Reference Information 6: Utility poles◎ Removal of road-side utility poles in the surrounding area of Fujisan

Reference Information 6: Utility poles

・ Summary
Shizuoka Prefecture is removing utility poles and electric wires which are disturbing
the view of Fujisan simultaneously with road development works to create better
landscapes in areas around Fujisan.
Yamanashi Prefecture is burying electric wires underground in areas located at thenorthern foot of Fujisan to create suitable landscapes as a World Heritage property.

114 |・ Actions already implemented
Based on No Utility Pole Plan, Shizuoka Prefecture has been promoting projects
centering on urban areas where the demand for electricity and communication is high.
Particularly in the Second Phase of Shizuoka Prefecture No Utility Pole Plan, 25
locations (a total length of 8.2 km) in municipalities around Fujisan have been selected
as priority consensus-built zones, out of which 14 locations (a total length of 3.0 km)
have been be completed with the removal of utility poles by the end of fiscal year 2014.
The “ Working Group for the Expansion of Utility-Pole Free Area in the Surrounding
Area of Fujisan” was established under the Shizuoka Zero Utility Pole Council in April
2014 in order to explore effective methods of removing utility poles and make necessary
coordination among stakeholders, with the advice from experts, in an effort toward thepromotion of utility pole removal for the development of good landscapes aroundFujisan.
The Council worked out the policies for utility pole removal as well as effective
methods such as selectively addressing a limited number of locations and areas where
good view should be protected, targeting the roadside of the Miho-Komagoe Line andareas around the Shiraito no Taki waterfalls, where the demand for zero utility pole isespecially high.
Yamanashi Prefecture had set as its goal the removal of utility poles in the section
totaling 4.3 km at the northern foot of Fujisan in four years from 2011 to 2014. By 2013,
the total length of utility pole removal reached 6.2 km, or some 140 % performance
ratio.
In 2014, utility pole removal totaling a length of 1.3 km is planned. In the coming four
years, the utility pole removal totaling a length of 7.5 km is now aimed at, much higher
than the original target.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism decided to remove utility
poles in a section of 7.2 km from 2013 to 2014 in the northern mountain foot area of
Fujisan and is currently implementing the design and civil engineering works
Also, with regard to the expansion of the width of National Route138, coordination
has been made with relevant organizations for utility pole removal.

【Example: City Planning Road, Motoichiba-Obuchi Line (Fuji City)】<Before><After>・ Future actions
Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture continue the removal of utility poles
from roads in areas around Fujisan.
Shizuoka Prefecture uses the Working Group for the Expansion of Utility-Pole Free
Area in the Surrounding Area of Fujisan for the establishment of the Zero Utility Pole
Plan and examination and coordination of construction method.
Category
FY

Short term (implemented)
2013
2014
2015

Medium term
2016
2017

Long term
2018 or later

Promotion of removal of utility
poles in the northern mountainfoot area of Fujisan
・National Route 139
・Fujikawaguchiko-Fuji Line・Funatsu-Koume LineWorking
Group
for
the
Expansion of Utility-Pole Free
Area in the Surrounding Areaof Fujisan

Set up in April 2014

<Survey, Discussion>

Removal of utility poles around
Shiraito no Taki waterfalls
Designandengineering works

civil

Detailed design

Civil engineering work

Removal of utility poles at
Prefecturalroad
Miho-Komagoe Line
Decision on policies
Designandengineering works

civil

Promotion of removal of utility
poles in the next phase of
Shizuoka Prefecture Plan for
Removal of Utility Poles

Removal of road-traversing overhead wires
Removal of utility poles in tandem with road widening to 4-lane
Promotion of removal of utility polesaround Fujisan●
Development of plan

Coordination|

Reference Information 6: Utility poles

Decision on policies

115

Reference Information 7: Development Control at the Foot of the Mountain◎ Development of landscape plans
・ SummaryLandscape lectures are offered, and advisers are dispatched. Also, examples oflandscape improvement and new actions done by the Fujisan Landscape Council and the
project team composed of Yamanashi Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and Kanagawa
Prefecture are introduced. Also, the transfer to landscape administration organizations
and establishment and reevaluation of landscape planning are supported through these
activities.

Reference Information 7: Development Control at the Foot of the Mountain・ Actions already implemented
Five cities, four towns, and three villages around Fujisan have already become theLandscape Administrative Bodies, out of which four cities, three towns, and two villages
have already established landscape plans (see the table below).

Municipality

Date of Designation as
Landscape Administrative
Body

Fuji City

15 June 2005

Fuijkawaguchiko Town

25 September 2005

Oshino Village

25 December 2006

Fujinomiya City

1 August 2007

1 January 2010

Yamanakako Village

1 December 2007

1 August 2010

Susono City

1 May 2010

1 April 2013

Minobu Town

1 April 2011

1 September 2013

Nishikatsura Town

7 November 2011

1 April 2014 (revised 1 July
2015)

Gotemba City

15 March 2012

1 April 2014

Narusawa Village

1 December 2011

1 October 2015

Date of Enforcement ofLandscape Plan
1 October 2009 (revised 1
May 2015)
1 April 2013 (revised 1 July
2015)
1 October 2011 (revised 1
July 2015)

・ Future actions
One city and one village (Fujiyoshida City, Oyama Town) which have not establishedlandscape plans have been already transferred to landscape administration organizations
by 2014. They also continue working on establishing and implementing landscape plans.
◎ Establishment of ordinances concerning the conservation of landscapes of Fujisan

116 |・ Summary
Yamanashi Prefecture established an ordinance that requires those who intend to
conduct projects for new construction or enlargement of buildings exceeding a certain
scale within the area subject to relatively mild restrictions on the scale, location, etc. ofbuildings etc. to carry out landscape assessment (survey, prediction, and evaluation of
the impact of the project implementation upon landscapes and identification oflandscape conservation measures).

・ Actions already implemented
Within the administrative boundaries of Yamanashi Prefecture, there is a wide area ofrelatively mild restrictions on the scale, location, etc. of buildings etc.
Therefore, Yamanashi Prefecture set up a committee consisting of members of theJapan/ICOMOS National Committee, academic experts in landscape engineering, andlocal economic associations to discuss a development control system that strikes balance
between conservation and utilization (development) of Fujisan, without impairing theOutstanding Universal Value of Fujisan. Based on the discussion at the committee,
Yamanashi Prefecture established an ordinance to control development. The summary of
the ordinance is as follows.

1 Landscape assessment
The project undertaker carries out survey on the existing state in the early stage of the
project*, predicts landscape impact, and makes a self-assessment of landscape impact.
(1) Survey on the existing state
Survey on the existing state is conducted based on the existing state survey planthat includes survey items, survey methods, etc.
(2) Prediction of landscape impact(i) Selection of viewpoints
Viewpoints are selected from those for fixed-point observation of theWorld Heritage.
(ii) Landscape simulation
Comparison of views from the viewpoints selected in item (i) between
before and after the project is simulated (landscape simulations should bemade by photomontage in principle. Landscape simulation must be
conducted during the lush green season when trees are covered with leaves
and the autumnal leave season.
(3) Self-exalution of landscape impact (including landscape conservation measures)* Early stage of the project: the early stage to the extent possible prior to decisions on
the basic specifications of the project, such as location and scale, and other stages of the
project implementation.
2 Procedure for landscape consideration document
With regard to the landscape consideration document submitted by the project
undertaker, the governor expresses its opinions from the perspectives of theconservation of Fujisan (the governor can consult with academic experts
knowledgeable about World Heritage etc.).
* Landscape consideration document: A document showing the results of the landscapeassessment done by the project undertaker as the basis to ask for the governor’s
opinions.

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Reference Information 7: Development Control at the Foot of the Mountain<Summary of the ordinance>
Those who intend to implement projects etc. exceeding a certain scale are required togive consideration to landscapes as part of the procedure. In order to ensure theappropriate conservation of Fujisan, an expert committee consisting of academic experts
in World Heritage, landscape, etc. that expresses its opinions about the landscape impact
assessment, landscape conservation measures, etc. submitted or proposed by project
undertakers is to be set up. The flow of the procedure for landscape consideration is asfollows:117

3 Procedure for project undertaker’s opinion document
With regard to the project undertaker’s opinion document submitted by the project
undertaker, the governor can express its opinion again from the perspectives of theconservation of Fujisan (the governor can consult with academic experts
knowledgeable about World Heritage etc.).
*Project undertaker’s opinion document: A document showing the results of therevised landscape assessment done by the project undertaker after the governor’s
opinions in response to the landscape consideration document have been addressed.
4 Request for actions to the content of project undertaker’s opinion document
The governor may request the project undertaker to take necessary actions when
he/she deems that the implementation of the project in question threatens to havesignificant impact on the conservation of Fujisan after taking into consideration the
response from the project undertaker about the governor’s opinions about the project
undertaker’s opinion document.
・ Future actions
Reference Information 7: Development Control at the Foot of the Mountain

Efforts will be made for the appropriate enforcement of ordinances concerning
landscape consideration in development control.
◎ Countermeasures to control large-scale solar photo-voltaic panels

118 |・ Summary
After fixed price purchase of electricity generated by renewable energy was mademandatory for electric companies, plans were made to set up large-scale photovoltaic
power generation facilities in many places, including the surrounding area of Fujisan.
This raised concerns about their potential impacts on view from major viewpoints suchas those at high altitudes, which might eventually damage the World Heritage value. In
response to this, new administrative instruments have been put in place.
・ Actions already implemented
The Ministry of the Environment amended the regulations for the enforcement of the
Natural Parks Act in 2015, setting out the standards for permission of installation oflarge-scale photovoltaic power generation facilities etc. within the Special Area of the
National Park. They also added a new category of photovoltaic power generation
facilities exceeding a certain scale to the list of structures that require the submission ofprior notification even in the Ordinary Area of the National Park.
Municipal governments of Yamanashi Prefecture have made it mandatory, revising ordeveloping new landscape plans, for project undertakers of the installation ofphotovoltaic power generation facilities to submit prior notification.
Shizuoka Prefecture, in the landscape plans of individual municipalities, promotes therequirement of the submission of prior notification for the installation of photovoltaic
power generation facilities exceeding a certain scale. Fujinomiya City has enacted its
own ordinance and designated the restriction area in which no agreement is given tolarge-scale facilities in principle; there is also a penalty clause in case that obligation is
not fulfilled – the public announcement of the name of the company. Also, Fuji City andFujikawaguchiko Town have put in place their own administrative instruments such as
the designation of the restriction area.

Reference Information 7: Development Control at the Foot of the Mountain・ Future actions
Further efforts will be made to raise awareness for the conservation of landscapes ofFujisan. In addition, when there is any information about projects that require priornotification etc., the proper enforcement of the applicable administrative instruments
will be made to prevent the project in question from affecting important views or
surrounding landscapes significantly, so that the plan in question will not affectimportant views or surrounding landscapes significantly and that the Outstanding
Universal Value of the World Heritage will be maintained.

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119Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove
Shizuoka City has established the “Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove Conservationand Utilization Plan” to protect the fundamental value of Mihonomatsubara and pass it on
to future generations, while utilizing it appropriately.
Through proper conservation of a “lush pine tree grove”, “beautiful sand spit”, and“scenic beauty created by Fujisan”, the essential value of the Mihonomatsubara pine tree
grove is protected, connected, polished, and widely publicized while leaving the regional
culture that has been protecting the beautiful landscape to future generations.
Three points of maintenance policy, “conservation of the pine tree grove”, “protectionof the sand spit”, and “conservation of the scenic beauty” are designated. Conservation
measures are implemented through the cooperation with prefecture of Shizuoka andrelevant organizations.
Representative activities which evolved after the World Heritage inscription are
described below.

Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove◎ Improvement of coastal landscapes

120 |・ Summary
To reinstate the coastal landscapes composed of “ocean, beach, and pine tree grove”
which used to be depicted in works of arts such as waka poems, paintings, and ukiyo-e
woodblock prints, actions are implemented aiming to realize coastal conservation
through the recovery of natural sediment supplies without depending on the constructionof facilities.
Also, four breakwaters which are considered to be unfavorable from aesthetic
perspectives are replaced with structures that incorporate consideration to coastal
landscapes on a step-by-step basis.
・ Actions already implemented
At the Shimizu Coast (Miho area), where coastal erosion is progressing due to themining of large amounts of sand in the Abe River, projects are implemented, through the
combination of headland construction and beach replenishment (sand bypass and sandrecycling) for sand conservation, to maintain the minimum necessary beach area and toprotect the inland area. Also, along with these projects, the “Shimizu Coastal Erosion
Control Committee” consisting of academic experts and local stakeholders is verifying
the effectiveness of the projects and reviewing measures on a regular basis.
In the process of nomination and evaluation as a component part of Fujisan for
inscription on the World Heritage List, ICOMOS commented that some of the associatedviewpoints “are not as aesthetically pleasing because of shoreline barriers”. Given thiscomment, the “Mihonomatsubara White Sand and Green Pine Conservation TechnicalCommittee” was set up in August 2013, consisting of academic experts andadministrative representatives in order to address a higher level of coastal landscapeprotection and inland area protection at the same time.
This Committee confirmed that it will pursue the long-term goal of seacoast
protection that does not depend on artificial structures and decided to replace the four
breakwaters located to the north of the “Feather Robe Pine Tree” with L-type groins on a
step-by-step basis.
Among them, the section including two breakwaters close to the “Feather Robe Pine
Tree” is prioritized for short-term actions; the concrete methods of the short-term
measures were decided upon, based on the analysis and examination of seacoast shapechange simulation and photomontage, from various perspectives such as securing thewidth of the sand beach necessary for the protection of the hinterland, the visibility ofstructures, and the impact on human uses and the environment.
【Image of future landscape improvement (from the documents of the Mihonomatsubara White Sand
and Green Pine Conservation Technical Committee】<Present>

・ Future actions
Based on the conclusions of the “Mihonomatsubara White Sand and Green Pine
Conservation Technical Committee”, the construction of L-type groins will be started to
the north of Breakwater No. 1, closest to the Feather Robe Pine, and after its completion,
Breakwater No. 1 will be removed. Also, with regard to the sand replenishment of thebeach, the scale of implementation will be expanded and the overall sand management inwhich mountains, rivers, and seacoasts are considered integrally will be promoted for theachievement of long-term objectives.
As a forum to solve problems that might occur in the course of the implementation ofcountermeasures, the “Technical Follow-up Conference for the Improvement of theLandscapes of the Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove” will be set up and the plan will
be reviewed, as necessary, based on the monitoring and verification of the effectivenessand impact.
Short term
Category
Medium termLong term(Implemented)
FY2013 2014 2015 201620172018 or later
Selectionofcountermeasuremethods
Installation of L-typegroinsRemovalof
breakwaters
Beach
sand
replenishment(Completed in 2014)(Monitoring and renewal of plan)◎ Conservation of the pine tree grove
・ Summary
Measures are promoted to conserve the pine tree grove suitable as a component part of
the World Cultural Heritage, Fujisan, and to ensure that the Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree
Grove be protected and passed on to future generations together with the Outstanding
Universal Value of the property.
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Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove<20 years after the completion of L-type groins>121

Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove

・ Actions already implemented
Shizuoka City has been conducting the injection of chemicals into the trunk of pinetrees as a preventive measure against the pine wilt disease and the spraying of chemicals
over the entire pine tree grove. Also, decayed pine trees have been cut and removed
without delay and collaborative efforts to plant new trees have been made with local
businesses.
In addition, with regard to the “God’s Road” from Miho-jinja Shrine to the “Feather
Robe Pine Tree”, measures to prevent roots of pine trees from being damaged by soil
compaction have been conducted, such as the installation of a boardwalk as a measure toprevent and mitigate negative impact of visitors and the restriction on the passage of
tourist buses.
Furthermore, Shizuoka Prefecture organized meetings of the “Technical Committee
for the Conservation of the Pine Tree Grove of Mihonomatsubara” consisting ofacademic experts for the purpose of conserving the pine tree grove suitable as acomponent part of the World Cultural Heritage and to pass it on to future generations.
Based on the recommendations of the committee, basic measures have been materialized
and implemented in coordination based on a principle of differentiated roles with
Shizuoka City concerning (i) establishment of a system and development of humanresources to protect, nurture, and utilize the pine tree grove and (ii) improvement of theliving environment for pine trees and early-stage mitigation of the pine wood nematodedamage.
Shizuoka City adopted the “Basic Plan for the Management of Mihonomatsubara” inMarch 2015, in which those recommendations were reflected, and has been
implementing measures for the conservation of the pine tree grove in cooperation withlocal people.

122 |【Summary of recommendations】･To pursue sustainable conservation of the pine tree grove by sharing an ideal future
image of the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove, building up a system and humanresources to promote local people’s activities for conservation, centering on the“Mihonomatsubara Conservation Center (provisional name)”* and with the
involvement of people (coexistence with the pine tree grove).
･To pursue the realization of the conservation of the pine tree grove without depending on
chemicals etc. to the extent possible and by making the utmost use of the power ofnature.
･To address the damage of the pine wilt disease as a matter of urgency by reinforcing themanagement system including the establishment of the database that covers all thepine trees and by mitigating the damage to the minimum level possible through theapplication of effective quarantine measures in the early stage.
･To build the environmental conditions that are suitable for the growth of pine trees
through the research and development of environmentally friendly methods such as thepromotion of coexistence between pine trees and mycorrhizal fungi.
･ To implement adaptive management in response to the evaluation and review cycle ofmonitoring, incorporating the latest scientific findings in order to respond to various
environmental changes appropriately.
* “Mihonomatsubara Conservation Center (provisional name)”: Mihonomatsubara
conservators (provisional name) are stationed and the center serves as a center for
information collection and provision and human resources development and also
conducts the monitoring of forests.

Category
FY
Restriction on tourist
buses etc.
Discussion
forcountermeasures
Establishmentofmechanism
andtraining of humanresources
Improvementofliving environment
Early-stage
mitigation of the
pine
wood
nematode damage

Short term
(Implemented)
2013 2014 2015

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later

2017

Completed in 2014
Completed in 2014

Clearing of
fallen leaves

Monitoring

Soil improvement test /verification

Soil improvement

Target: 2 trees/ha or fewer

1 tree/ha or fewer|

Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove

・ Future actions
Shizuoka Prefecture and Shizuoka City will ensure the implementation of generalconservation measures for the pine tree grove based on the recommendations of the“Technical Committee for the Conservation of the Pine Tree Grove ofMihonomatsubara” in coordination and cooperation with local people and relevantorganizaitons.
Also, with regard to the “Feather Robe Pine Tree”, which is a symbolic tree ofMihonomatsubara, measures will be taken to help it recover strength, such as theprevention of soil compaction through the installation of a surrounding boardwalk.

123◎ Removal of roadside utility poles

Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove

・ Summary
As a measure to improve landscapes around the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove,roadside utility poles and electric wires are removed. Along the prefectural road,Miho-Komagoe Line, which is the access road to the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove,
overhead electric wires that traverse the road are removed as a short-term measure,
followed by the removal utility poles on occasions of the expansion of the road width in
the long term.

124 |・ Actions already implemented
In June 2013, a decision was taken to include the section of the prefectural road,Miho-Komagoe Line, from which Fujisan can be seen at the front of the road, into theSecond-period Shizuoka Zero Utility Pole Plan as a target area. Since then, Shizuoka
Prefecture and Shizuoka City, which is the main implementing agency for thezero-utility pole project, have been working for the early realization of zero utility poleand Shizuoka Prefecture and Shizuoka City have been jointly requesting the managers ofelectric wires for cooperation for the promotion of activities for zero utility pole.
Shizuoka City announced its policy in April 2014 of removing overhead electric wires
traversing the road by fiscal year 2015 as a quick action and moving on to thefundamental solution of implementing the utility pole removal project on the occasion ofa road width expansion project to enlarge the road into a four-lane road.
Also, Shizuoka Prefecture set up the “Working Group for the Expansion of
Utility-Pole Free Area in the Surrounding Area of Fujisan” under the Shizuoka Zero
Utility Pole Council in April 2014 in order to explore effective construction methods andmake necessary adjustments among stakeholders with the advice of experts toward thepromotion of no utility pole for the development of good landscapes in the surroundingarea of Fujisan.
This Working Group examined the zero utility pole policy at the prefectural road,Miho-Komagoe Line, and adopted a policy of prioritizing the removal of road-traversing
overhead electric wires at Orido (a total length of 0.56 km), where the impact on thelandscape of Fujisan is the most significant, by March 2015, if feasible, as a quick action.
The working group also addressed the removal of road-traversing wires a the remaining
part (a total length of 0.96 km) by February 2016, if feasible, including the relocationand shortening of one utility pole that is disturbing the scenic landscape. As afundamental solution (realization of no utility pole on the occasion of road width
expansion), policies were adopted to prioritize the removal of utility poles on the Suruga
Bay side which has a significant impact on scenic landscapes and to push forward thestart of the project to expand the road width to four lanes at Orido to fiscal year 2014.
Along with the removal of utility poles on the roadside, Shizuoka City developed in2014 the “Miho Peninsula Landscape Development Guidelines” targeting the accessroad to the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove as well as buildings and advertisement
signs along it, based on the opinions and advice from local people and experts, with aview to promoting the development of good landscapes that are appropriate for World
Cultural Heritage through public-private partnership. From 2015 onward, local people
are to play a central role in promoting the landscape development and community
building based on these guidelines.
・ Future actions
Shizuoka City, which is the manager of the road in question, promotes projects forremoval of utility poles based on the guidelines established in the Council for Removing
Utility Poles around Fujisan.

CategoryFY
Removal ofoverhead electriclines traversing
roads
Removal of utility
poles in tandemwith the wideningof roads tofour-lane roads.

Short term
(Implemented)
2013 2014 2015

Medium termLong term

20162018 or later2017(to be completed in 2015)【Present】

Reference Information 8: Mihonomatsubara Pine Tree Grove【Future image: short term (after removal of road-traversing overhead electric lines)】【Future image: middle term and long term (removal of utility poles)】|125Reference Information 9: Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine andsurrounding area

Reference Information 9: Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine and surrounding area

・ SummaryThe national road, R138, passing to the north of the compounds of the Kitaguchi
Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine is planned to be widened. In response to the plan towiden the road, the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture, Fujiyoshida City, local
stakeholders, and intellectuals are creating opportunities to discuss how the surrounding
areas ought to be developed such as the development of roadside landscapes and spaces
for pedestrians.

126 |・ Actions already implemented
The Committee for the Development of Nearby Towns upon the Widening of the
National Road, R138, consisting of the national government, Yamanashi Prefecture,
Fujiyoshida City, local stakeholders, and intellectuals have been continuing discussions
by exploring various perspectives such as the consideration for the relationship between
Oshi residences and Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine, conservation oflandscapes, and utilization of natural and historical resources.
・ Future actions
The Committee will continue discussion after 2015 onward.

Strengthening of Monitoring Indicators

1 Purpose
To ensure the protection of the World Cultural Heritage property area of Fujisan and tomaintain and improve the good state of conservation in the buffer zone of the property,
monitoring is to be carried out with appropriate indicators. When negative impacts are identified
or foreseeable, measures are to be developed and implemented without delay to remove theircauses or mitigate the impacts.
In the course of the implementation of such monitoring, comprehensive preservation andmanagement of individual component parts as parts of the whole property will be made byevaluating and reviewing the policies and/or measures for the solution to, or improvement of, theissues identified in individual strategies etc.

2 Existing StateTo carry out the monitoring appropriately, periodic and systematic monitoring is in operation
based on the specified factors that affect the component parts negatively and the corresponding
monitoring indicators that have been identified from three perspectives: “the conservation of thecomponent parts and the buffer zone”, “protection of individual component parts and constituent
elements”, and “interpretation of Outstanding Universal Value”.

3 Issues
From the perspectives of maintaining and enhancing aspects of Fujisan both as a “sacredplace” (spiritual quality) and a “source of artistic inspiration” (aesthetic quality, it is necessary tostrengthen and add monitoring indicators to take into account the spiritual and aesthetic qualities
of scenic landscapes.
Also, to monitor the progress of individual strategies and approaches on a continuous basis,and to evaluate and review them, it is necessary to conduct a regular and systematic monitoring.

|127

4 Policies(1) Strengthening and Adding Indicators Incorporating Spiritual and Aesthetic
Qualities(i) Additional monitoring points for views of Fujisan
In addition to the two representative viewpoints included in the property as a component
part or a constituent element (Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko
and the Mihonomatsubara pine tree grove), new viewpoints are to be set up within theproperty area and the buffer zone so as to monitor the condition of visual landscapes fromfixed observation points.

(ii) Inventory of religious events related to the worship of Fujisan
Religious events related to the worship of Fujisan, together with measures to pass them on
to future generations, are to be inventoried.

(iii) Survey on the awareness of visitors
The understanding of visitors about the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan and about
relationships between the component parts is to be surveyed.

(iv) Determination of indicators concerning carrying capacities for the upper
access routes
Research and study on the carrying capacities of the upper access routes of Fujisan are to
be carried out and indicators from multidimensional perspectives are to be determined.

(2) Monitoring of the progress of individual strategies and approaches
To monitor the progress of measures for solving to and/or improving on issues that are set
out in individual strategies and approaches on a continuous basis, to evaluate and review them,as appropriate, regular and systematic monitoring is to be conducted.

5 Measures(1) Strengthening and Adding Indicators Incorporating the Spiritual andAesthetic Qualities(i) Additional monitoring points for views of Fujisan
To keep track of the status of maintenance and improvement of the spiritual and aesthetic
qualities of Fujisan in its entirety (the area including the mountain body and all the128 |component parts at the foot of the mountain) and to evaluate and revise the measures tomaintain good visual landscapes, appropriate points to monitor the spiritual and aesthetic
qualities are to be selected and fixed-point monitoring is to be conducted for visuallandscape changes, based on visual observation and photography.
Specifically, based on research and study for the protection of the places that have long
been viewpoints, new monitoring viewpoints were selected in 2015 from the following threeperspectives in addition to the two representative viewpoints of the Fujisan mountain area,
Nakanokura Pass on the northwestern shore of Lake Motosuko and the Mihonomatsubara
pine tree grove, which are directly related to drawings and photos of outstanding universal
significance that are described in the nomination dossier etc.
a. Viewpoints toward Fujisan from all directions
To select several places out of those located in the surrounding foot of the mountain that
contribute to the explanation of the Outstanding Universal Value of Fujisan or have become
viewpoints recently in the Early Modern period, to carry out fixed-point monitoring of viewsof Fujisan.
b. Viewpoints within the mountain body of Fujisan toward individual component parts andthe buffer zone
To select several places within the Fujisan Mountain Area (Component Part 1) fromwhich most of the property and the buffer zone are visible as viewpoints to carry out
fixed-point monitoring of the views of the component parts and the buffer zone.
c. Viewpoints located within each of the individual component parts toward themselves andthe surrounding areas
To select several places within each of the individual component parts or theirsurrounding areas that have specific issues as viewpoints to carry out fixed-point monitoringof the views of the component parts or the surrounding environment.

(ii) Inventory of religious events related to the worship of Fujisan
To confirm that religious events related to the worship of Fujisan are transmitted fromgeneration to generation as intangible elements associated with the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan, appropriate religious events related to the worship of Fujisan are to be
selected and the numbers of participants are to be surveyed on a continuous basis.
Specifically, those that are performed inter alia for the purpose of Fujisan worship wereselected in 2015 from the events in the individual component parts and constituent elementsthat were described in the nomination dossier.

|129

(iii) Survey on the awareness of visitors
To evaluate the measures for information provision to visitors and revise themappropriately when there are problems, questionnaire surveys have been conducted since2014 to ascertain the degree of visitors’ understanding about the Outstanding Universal
Value of Fujisan and links between the component parts.

(iv) Determination of indicators concerning carrying capacities for the upper
access routes
For three years from 2015 to 2017, research and study is conducted on the carrying
capacities for the upper access routes of Fujisan and indicators and desired levels, byindicators, are to be set out, including but not limited to the target number of climbers per
ascending route, from the perspectives of (i) transmission of cultural traditions of Fujisan
ascents to future generations, (ii) maintenance of scenic landscapes, and (iii) safety andcomfort of Fujisan ascents (reference information 8 of the visitor management plan< page50).

(2) Monitoring of the progress of individual strategies and approaches
To monitor the progress of measures set out in the individual strategies and approaches on acontinuous basis, monitoring is to be conducted based on indicators for the naturalenvironment, natural disasters, and interpretation of the OUV, which are set out in theComprehensive Preservation and Management Plan for Fujisan, as well as added andstrengthened indicators such as fixed monitoring viewpoints. In coordination with the relevant
municipal governments etc., regular and systematic monitoring is to be conducted, together
with periodic evaluations and reviews of measures.

130 |