ٟಽ㊁㐳᜿ᜦ േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁㐳 ੑ਄ ⧷᮸  ᦬  ᣣߦ⿠߈ߚ᧲ർ࿾ᣇᄥᐔᵗᴒ࿾㔡ߪ‫᧲ޔ‬ർ࿾ᣇ࡮㑐᧲࿾ᣇߦᄢ߈ߥⵍኂࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߹
ߒߚ‫ⵍޕ‬ኂࠍฃߌߚᣇ‫ߒ↳ࠍ޿⥰⷗߅߳ޘ‬਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᄢ㔡ἴߢߪ‫⹥ޔ‬ᒰ࿾ၞߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߩേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳߽ᄢ߈ߥⵍኂࠍฃߌ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬᭽ሶߪ‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ද⼏ળ߿㑐ㅪቇળߥߤ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㓐ᤨ౉ߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬஗㔚߿ᢿ᳓ߥߤ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ෩ߒ޿⁁ᴫਅߢᣉ⸳ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼
ߦᅗ㑵ߐࠇߚⵍἴᣉ⸳ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩᣇ‫ߪߦࠅ߫ࠎ߇ߩޘ‬ዅᢘߩᔨࠍᛴ޿ߡߒ߹޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬᧲ᶏ࿾㔡ߩน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆጘ㒂ᄢቇ߽᳿ߒߡੱߏߣߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬஻߃ߩᄢಾߐࠍታᗵߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߐߡ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ࠍขࠅᏎߊⅣႺߦ⋡ࠍ߻ߌࠆߣ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥേ‛⑔␩ߩ㜞߹ࠅ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩవㅴ࿖ߢߪേ‛⑔␩ᴺ߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇ‫▤ߩࠇߘޔ‬ℂਅߢേ‛ታ㛎߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬േ‛⑔␩ᴺߩᄙߊ߇‫ޟ‬㧟4 ߩේೣ‫ࠍޠ‬ขࠅ౉ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㗅቞ߔࠆߎߣࠍേ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬㧟4 ߣߪ‫ޔ‬4GFWEVKQP㧔૶↪ᢙߩ೥ᷫ㧕‫ޔ‬4GRNCEGOGPV㧔ઍᦧ㧕‫ޔ‬4GHKPGOGPV㧔⧰∩ߩシᷫ㧕ߩ㗡ᢥሼࠍߣߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬േ‛⑔␩ࠍታ⃻ߐߖࠆᄢේೣߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ᮡḰߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⠨߃ᣇߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬േ‛⑔␩ᴺߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫ޟ‬േ‛ߩᗲ⼔෸߮▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ㧔േ‛ᗲ⼔ᴺ㧕‫ߩߎޕߔߢޠ‬ᴺᓞߢ߽‫ޔ‬೨࿁ߩᡷᱜߦࠃࠅ‫ޟ‬㧟4 ߩේೣ‫ࠃࠆࠇࠊߚ߁ߣࠅ߈ߞߪ߇ޠ‬߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᴺᓞߩ߽ߣߦߪࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߢฦ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߇ታᣉߔߴ߈  ߟߩ㗄⋡߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬㧡ߟߣߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળߩ⸳⟎‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᯏ㑐ౝⷙ⒟ߩ╷ቯ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⸠✵╬ߩታᣉ‫ޠ‬‫⥄ޟ‬Ꮖὐᬌ࡮ὐᬌ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᖱႎ౏㐿‫ޔߪࠄࠇߎޕߔߢޠ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߢߪേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ߇ขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߥࠄ߮ߦታᣉ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐߇቞ࠆߴ߈㗄⋡߇߈ߞߜࠅቯ߼ࠄࠇㆇ༡ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᣣᧄߩേ‛ᗲ⼔ᴺ߇ㄭ‫ޔޘ‬ౣ߮ᡷᱜߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢߔ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᡷᱜߦะߌߡ㑐ଥ⋭ᐡߩḰ஻ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ߇ᡷᱜౝኈࠍᬌ⸛ਛߢߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޕ‬ᡷᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߩ߆ߪ߹ߛਇ᣿ߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᡷᱜᤨߦߪోቇߩേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળߦࠃࠅᣂߒ޿ⷙ೙ౝኈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻠⠌ળ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ੍ቯߢߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߩታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߩᣇ‫ߪޘ‬ᔅߕฃ⻠ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ᒰಽ㊁߇▤ℂߔࠆേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߪ‫৻ߩߎޔ‬ᐕ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ࠻࡜ࡉ࡞ߦ⷗⥰ࠊࠇࠆߎߣߥߊ
ㆇ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߦ߃ߣ߽߭ࠇߎޕ‬೑↪⠪ߩ⊝᭽ᣇߩߏදജߣ‫ᧄޔ‬ᣉ⸳ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ㆐ߩ߇
ࠎ߫ࠅߩ߅߆ߍߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕߚߒ߹޿ߑߏ߁ߣ߇ࠅ޽ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ ٟേ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁⚫੺㧝㧚േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ᴪ㕟ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬කቇㇱઃዻേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳⸳⟎㧔ቇㇱౝಣ⟎㧕කቇㇱၮ␆᫟ደ਄ਛേ‛㘺⢒ቶ㧔 ᐔ☨㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬කቇㇱઃዻേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳⸳⟎㧔⋭઎ᣉ⸳㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕㆮવሶᠲ૞േ‛㘺⢒ቶ㧔 ᐔ☨㧕ㆇ↪㐿ᆎᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬

↢๮⑼ቇ✚วታ㛎࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߦᡷ⚵ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟ቢᚑ

㧔㧟ޯ㧡㓏ㇱಽߦᣂേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ㈩⟎㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ᣥකቇㇱ㧔ม↸㧕ၮ␆᫟ደ਄ਛേ‛㘺⢒ቶ㐽㎮ᣥකቇㇱ㧔ม↸㧕ㆮવሶᠲ૞േ‛㘺⢒ቶ㐽㎮ᩉᚭ࿾඙߳⒖ォᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬

↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁߳ᡷ⒓ᣂേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ㆇ↪㐿ᆎ㧞㧚േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁⡯ຬฬ★㧔ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ㧕㧔㧝㧕ኾછᢎቭ
㧝㧚ಎᢎ᝼㧔ಽ㊁㐳㧕 ੑ਄⧷᮸
㧞㧚ഥᢎ ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ㧔㧞㧕ኾછ⡯ຬ㧝㧚ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ ⮮᫪⟤㚅ሶ㧞㧚ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ ᄢጊ⾆ਯ㧔㧟㧕㕖Ᏹൕ⡯ຬ ᛛⴚ⵬૒ຬ ᧻ዬ๺⟤ ੐ോ⵬૒ຬ ᑝ⷗ਭሶ ੐ോ⵬૒ຬ ᧻ේ߆߅ࠆ


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㧟㧚േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ᵴേ⚫੺ േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߢߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕േ‛ታ㛎ߩߚ߼ߩᣉ⸳ߩឭଏߣᛛⴚ⊛ࠨࡐ࡯࠻ ↢๮⑼ቇߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ߪᔅⷐਇนᰳߢߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥߩᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔࠬ࠙ࡑޔ‬࡜࠶࠻‫ߤߥ࠲ࡉޔ›࡞ࠣ࡯ࡆޔࠡࠨ࠙ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬േ‛߇⎇ⓥߦ↪޿ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫ࡦ࡜࠻ޔ‬ࠬࠫࠚ࠾࠶ࠢࡑ࠙ࠬ߿ࡁ࠶ࠢࠕ࠙࠻ࡑ࠙ࠬߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶᡷᄌേ‛߇ᄢᄌᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬േ‛ታ㛎߆ࠄା㗬ߢ߈ࠆ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎േ‛߇቟ቯߒߚⅣႺߢ⦟ߊ▤ℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ੱޔߚ߹ޕ‬㑆ߦኻߔࠆ቟ో߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߿↢๮୶ℂߩ┙႐߆ࠄ‫ߦ࡞࡯࡞ޔ‬ၮߠ޿ߚታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ᧄޕ‬േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߪ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣉ⸳ࠍឭଏߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦേ‛ታ㛎ߩ⸘↹┙᩺‫ޔ‬േ‛ߩ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ✚ว⊛ߥࠨࡐ࡯࠻ࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕േ‛ታ㛎ߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ⢒ᜰዉ േ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߦవ┙ߜᄙߊߩኾ㐷⊛⍮⼂߿ᚻᛛ╬ࠍࡑࠬ࠲࡯ߔࠆߎߣ
߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߢߪቇౝߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦኻߒേ‛ታ㛎ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⻠⠌ળࠍⴕߞߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠክᩏߥߤࠍㅢߒ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆታ㛎⸘↹૞ᚑ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎േ‛ߩㆬᛯ߆ࠄേ‛ߩขࠅᛒ޿ᣇ‫ޔ‬㘺⢒ⅣႺ‫ޔ‬㘺⢒ᣇᴺ‫ޔ‬቟ᭉᱫᴺ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ⢒ߣࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹
ࠖࡦࠣࠍⴕ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕ታ㛎േ‛ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ‫↢⊒ޔ‬Ꮏቇ⊛ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߚേ‛ታ㛎ߩࠨࡐ࡯࠻ ∛ߩ⧰ߒߺ߆ࠄㅏࠇஜᐽߢ޽ࠅߚ޿ߣߩ㗿޿ߣ‫↢ޔ‬๮ᯏ⢻ࠍ⍮ࠅߚ޿ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇࡜ࠗ
ࡈࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬߩ⊒ዷࠍଦߒ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣߩකቇ࡮↢๮⑼ቇࠍ▽޿ߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫↢ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬๮⃻⽎ߩ⻘ߪߣߡߟ߽ߥߊᷓߊ‫ߛ߹޿ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ㔍໧߇ᱷߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍࠬࡦࠛࠗࠨࡈࠗ࡜ޕ‬ᡰ߃ߡ߈ߚേ‛ታ㛎߽ᄙ᭽ൻߒ‫ޔ‬㜞ᐲߥኾ㐷ᕈ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ߥ㔍໧ߦ᜸ᚢߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶᡷᄌേ‛㧔࠻࡜ࡦࠬࠫࠚ࠾࠶ࠢࡑ࠙ࠬ߿ࡁ࠶ࠢࠕ࠙࠻ࡑ
࠙ࠬ㧕ߩ૞಴‫ޔ‬⢦ᕈᐙ⚦⢩߆ࠄߩ․ቯ⚦⢩߳ߩಽൻߥߤ⊒↢Ꮏቇ⊛ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬


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㧠㧚ᚲ᦭⸳஻㧔േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㧕⚫੺ ᧄേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑᐕᤐࠃࠅㆇ↪
ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛ᣂߒ޿ᣉ⸳ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑᐕߦකቇㇱߣᄢቇ∛㒮߇‫ޔ‬ม↸ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ߆ࠄᄢቇᧄㇱߩ޽ࠆᩉᚭࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬ߳
⒖ォߒߚ᛬ࠅߦ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᑪ‛ߦ㓞ធߒߡකቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟߇ᑪ⸳ߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟ߪⶄᢙߩ
ㇱዪ߇౉ዬߔࠆวหᣉ⸳ߢ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑᐕ
᦬ᣣߦ┫Ꮏߒߚᑪ‛ߪ‫ޔ‬㧡㓏ᑪߡ‫ޔ‬ᑧߴᐥ㕙Ⓧ⚂ᐔ☨ࠍ᦭ߒ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਛߦ‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߣකቇㇱߩᄢဳᯏེਗ߮ߦ⸳஻߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ↢๮⑼ቇಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേߦᄢ߈ߊነਈߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ᫟ߩ㧟㓏߆ࠄ㧡㓏ߦߪห࠮ࡦ
࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳߇౉ዬߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߣߒߡߪೋ߼
ߡߣߥࠆࡃ࡝ࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍⵝ஻ߒߚ
ㄭઍဳߩᄢဳേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ േ‛ᣉ⸳ߣߒߡߎࠇ߹ߢߦᲧߴ‫ޔ‬ᣥࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬකቇㇱ᫟ౝߦᢔ࿷ߒߡ޿
ߚ㘺⢒⸳஻߇ਛᄩ㓸⚂ൻߐࠇ৻ర▤ℂߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬㘺⢒ቶࠬࡍ࡯߽ࠬ
ᄢ᏷ߦ᜛ᄢߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߪ‫ޔ‬㧠ߟߦಽ߆ࠇߚ㘺⢒ቶࠛ࡝ࠕࠍ᦭
ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧿㧼㧲ዊേ‛㘺⢒ቶ‫࡝ࠢޔ‬࡯ࡦዊേ‛㘺⢒ቶ‫ޔ‬ਛേ‛㘺⢒ቶ‫ޔ‬ᗵᨴേ‛㘺⢒ቶ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡߎࠇࠄߩ㘺⢒ቶߦട߃‫ޔ‬ฦታ㛎ቶ‫ޔ‬ਛേ‛↪ᚻⴚቶߥߤࠍ଻᦭ߒߡ޿
߹ߔ‫ోߚ߹ޕ‬ቶ㧼㧝㧭ߦߪኻᔕߒߡ޿
ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶ⚵឵߃േ‛ߩ㘺⢒㕙Ⓧ߽Ⴧ߃߹ߒߚ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᣉ⸳ߦᲧߴ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦ㧿㧼㧲േ‛ ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎‫ޔ‬㧼㧞㧛㧼㧟ࠢ࡜ࠬߩᗵᨴേ‛ታ㛎‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶ⚵឵߃േ‛ߩ૞ᚑߥߤ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ዊേ‛㘺⢒ቶߦߪ‫ోޔ‬ቶ‫ޔ‬୘೎឵᳇ဳࠤ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍዉ౉ߒߚߩ߽‫ޔ‬ᧄᣉ⸳ߩ․ᓽߢߔ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬㧝㘺⢒ቶ޽ߚࠅߩ෼ኈน⢻㗡ᢙߪᄢ߈ߊჇ߃‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳
ߢ໧㗴ߣߥࠅ߿ߔ޿ਇ⿷᳇๧ߩ㘺⢒ቶ㕙Ⓧߦ߽ኻᔕߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕߦᡷ⚵ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬කቇㇱߩ㒝ዻᣉ⸳߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߩ౒ห೑↪
ᣉ⸳ߣߒߡ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ൻߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷߹ߢߩᚲ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇౝߩ⠪ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޕߔ߹߈ߢ߇ߣߎ߁૶ߊߒ╬ޔ‬ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߩ೑↪ࠍᏗᦸߐࠇࠆᣇߪ‫ޟᧃ┨ޔ‬೑↪ߩᚻᒁ߈‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߦߒߡߊߛߐ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ห᭽ߩౝኈߩߎߣ߇↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔JVVRYYYIKHWWCELR`NUTE㧕ߦ߽ឝタߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ᚲ᦭⸳஻㧕േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㧔කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟ౝ㧕෼ኈ⢻ജ

52( ዊേ‛㘺⢒ࠛ࡝ࠕࠕ ࡑ࠙ࠬ↪ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧛ࠗ ࡜࠶࠻↪ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧛ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦዊേ‛㘺⢒ࠛ࡝ࠕࠕ ࡑ࠙ࠬ↪ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧛ࠗ ࡜࠶࠻↪ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧛



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⊓㍳ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊᢙ

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㧔ᩣ㧕ࠛ࡯࠹࠶ࠢ ⸘  ฬ࡮ ࠦࡠ࡜࠼Ꮊ┙ᄢቇ ⸘  ฬ࡮ 㧔ᩣ㧕ࠬࡐ࠶ࠢ ⸘  ฬ࡮

ਃ㊀ᄢቇ ⸘  ฬ࡮

ࠕࡇ㧔ᩣ㧕 ⸘  ฬ̪ጘ㒂ᄢቇᄖ߆ࠄߩേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳⸳஻╬ߩ⷗ቇ⠪㧡㧚ⴕ੐࡮௅੐
࡮ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧦ታ㛎േ‛ᘨ㔤⑂↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥ௅ Ꮐ㧦ᷰㆺ㇌෹↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳ߦࠃࠆᘨ㔤ߩㄉ‫ޔ‬ฝ㧦₂⧎บ


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㧢㧚േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⺰ᢥ㧔 ᐕ⊒⴫ಽ㧕㧔㗅ਇห㧕
㧔⇛⺆㧕ක㧦ᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼‫ޔ‬ᔕ㧦ᔕ↪↢‛⑼ቇㇱާක㧦⸃೬ቇި
 9CUJKOK;%JGP*+VQ#6CMCQ47\CYC6;COCOQVQ;;COCFC*5JQWOWTC5'HHGEVQH KPVGTOKVVGPV VTGCVOGPV YKVJ JWOCP RCTCVJ[TQKF JQTOQPG  KP 5#/2 UGPGUEGPEG CEEGNGTCVGFOKEG,'PFQETKPQN+PXGUV
ާක㧦ነ↢⯻ቇި 9W<0CICPQ+#UCPQ-6CMCJCUJK;+PHGEVKQPQHPQPGPECRUWNCVGFURGEKGUQH
6TKEJKPGNNC COGNKQTCVGU GZRGTKOGPVCN CWVQKOOWPG GPEGRJCNQO[GNKVKU KPXQNXKPIUWRRTGUUKQPQH6JCPF6JTGURQPUG2CTCUKVQN4GU1EV  
 $QQPOCTU69W<$QQPLCTWURKP[Q52WCRCKTQL#-CGYUCOWV$0CICPQ+2KPNCQT5
;QPIXCPKV29QPMEJCNGG1,WCUQQM#5WFUCTP25TKUCYCPIYQPI6+PXQNXGOGPVQHE5MK
1PEQRTQVGKPKP%CTEKPQIGPGUKUQH%JQNCPIKQECEKPQOC+PFWEGFD[1RKUVJQTEJKUXKXGTTKPKCPF0PKVTQUQFKOGVJ[NCOKPG2CVJQN1PEQN4GUKPRTGUU 0CICPQ+9W<#UCPQ-6CMCJCUJK;/QNGEWNCTENQPKPICPFEJCTCEVGTK\CVKQPQH
VTCPUIGNKPNKMGRTQVGKPUOCKPN[VTCPUETKDGFKPPGYDQTPNCTXCGQH6TKEJKPGNNCURR8GV
2CTCUKVQNKPRTGUUާක㧦ญ⣧∛ᘒቇި  &GPVCN RWNR EGNNU HQT KPFWEGF RNWTKRQVGPV UVGO EGNN DCPMKPI  0 6COCQMK -
6CMCJCUJK66CPCMC*#QMK66CMGFC-CYCIWEJK-+KFC6-WPKUCFC65JKDCVC
5;COCPCMC-6G\WMC,QWTPCNQH&GPVCN4GUGCTEJ  
 *[RQZKCGPJCPEGUEQNQP[HQTOCVKQPCPFRTQNKHGTCVKQPDWVKPJKDKVUFKHHGTGPVKCVKQPQHJWOCPFGPVCNRWNREGNNU-C\WMK+KFC6QOQMQ6CMGFC-CYCIWEJK;QMQ6G\WMC6CMCJKTQ-WPKUCFC6QUJK[WMK5JKDCVCCPF-GPKEJK6G\WMC#TEJKXGUQH1TCN$KQNQI[
ާක㧦㜞ᰴ␹⚻ި  6JG NQEWU EQGTWNGWU RTQLGEVU VQ VJG OGUGPEGRJCNKE VTKIGOKPCN PWENGWUKPTCVU
6CMCJCUJK65JKTCUW/5JKTCUW/-WDQ-1PQ\WMC/5CVQ5+VQJ0CMCOWTC* 0GWTQUEKGPEG4GUGCTEJ㨪
ާක㧦⚦⢩ᖱႎቇި
 +MGICOG;;COCUJKVC-*C[CUJK5;QUJKOWTC50CMCUJKOC5+YCOC60GWVTQRJKNGNCUVCUGKPJKDKVQTRTGXGPVUKUEJGOKEDTCKPFCOCIGXKCTGFWEVKQPQHXCUQIGPKEGFGOC
*[RGTVGPUKQP4GU
ާක㧦ᓴⅣ∛ᘒቇި 6CMGOWTC)&QGUVJGVQPIWGGNQSWGPVN[CFFTGUUVJGSWGUVKQPQHECTFKCETGIGPGTCVKQP!
%KTE,   /K[CVC56CMGOWTC)-QUCK-6CMCJCUJK6'UCMK/.K.-CPCOQTK*/CTW[COC4)QVQ-6UWLKOQVQ#0KUJKICMK-(WLKYCTC6(WLKYCTC*/KPCVQIWEJK5#PVK(CUIGPG VJGTCR[ RTGXGPVU FQZQTWDKEKPKPFWEGF CEWVG ECTFKQVQZKEKV[ VJTQWIJ OGEJCPKUOUKPFGRGPFGPVQHCRQRVQUKU#O,2CVJQN  
 0KUJK*1PQ-+CYCPCIC;*QTKG60CICPQ-6CMGOWTC)-KPQUJKVC/-WYCDCTC
;6CPCDG/QTK4*CUGICYC--KVC6-KOWTC6/KETQ40#DOQFWNCVGUEGNNWNCT#62NGXGNU
CPFFGIGPGTCVGUOKVQEJQPFTKCXKC#TNKPPGQPCVCNTCVECTFKCEO[QE[VGU,$KQN%JGO   +YCUC/-QDC[CUJK*;CUWFC5-CYCOWTC+5WOK5;COCFC;5JKTCMK6;COCMK
67UJKMQUJK*#Q[COC60KUJKICMK-6CMGOWTC)(WLKYCTC6(WLKYCTC*/KPCVQIWEJK
5#PVKFKCDGVKEFTWIXQINKDQUGKURTQVGEVKXGCICKPUVKUEJGOKCTGRGTHWUKQPKPLWT[XKC
).2TGEGRVQTUCPF2+MKPCUG#MVG015RCVJYC[KPTCDDKVU,%CTFKQXCUE2JCTOCEQN   -CYCOWTC+6CMGOWTC)-CPCOQTK*.K.6CMG[COC6-CYCIWEJK66UWLKOQVQ#)QVQ-/CTW[COC49CVCPCDG65JKTCMK6#Q[COC6(WLKYCTC6(WLKYCTC*/KPCVQIWEJK
54GRGCVGFRJNGDQVQO[CWIOGPVUCPIKQIGPGUKUVQKORTQXGDNQQFHNQYKPOWTKPGKUEJGOKE
NGIU#O,2J[UKQN*GCTV%KTE2J[UKQN  **
 5JKOQOWTC/7UJKMQUJK**CVVQTK#/WTCVC+1JPQ;#Q[COC6-CYCUCMK/0KUJKICMK- 6CMGOWTC ) (WLKYCTC 6 (WLKYCTC * /KPCVQIWEJK 5 6TGCVOGPV YKVJ .KPFGTCUVT[EJPKHQNKC 4GFWEGU $NQQF 2TGUUWTG D[ &GETGCUKPI 5[ORCVJGVKE 0GTXG #EVKXKV[ KP
5RQPVCPGQWUN[*[RGTVGPUKXG4CVU#O,%JKP/GF  
 5WOK5-QDC[CUJK*;CUWFC5+YCUC/;COCMK6;COCFC;7UJKMQUJK**CVVQTK# #Q[COC 6 0KUJKICMK - 6CMGOWTC ) /KPCVQIWEJK 5 2QUVEQPFKVKQPKPI GHHGEV QH ITCPWNQE[VGEQNQP[UVKOWNCVKPIHCEVQTKUOGFKCVGFVJTQWIJCEVKXCVKQPQH4+5-RCVJYC[CPFQRGPKPIQHVJGOKVQEJQPFTKCN-#62EJCPPGNU#O,2J[UKQN*GCTV%KTE2J[UKQN  **
 1IKPQ#6CMGOWTC)-CYCUCMK/6UWLKOQVQ#-CPCOQTK*.K.)QVQ-/CTW[COC
4-CYCOWTC+6CMG[COC6-CYCIWEJK69CVCPCDG6/QTKIWEJK;5CKVQ*(WLKYCTC6
(WLKYCTC * /KPCVQIWEJK 5 'T[VJTQRQKGVKP TGEGRVQT UKIPCNKPI OKVKICVGU TGPCNF[UHWPEVKQPCUUQEKCVGFJGCTVHCKNWTGD[OGEJCPKUOUWPTGNCVGFVQTGNKGHQHCPGOKC,#O
%QNN%CTFKQN  
ާක㧦ᶖൻེ∛ᘒቇި +YCUC,5JKOK\W/5JKTCMK/5JKTCMCOK;5CMCK*6GTCMWTC;6CMCK-6UWTWOK* 6CPCMC 6 /QTKYCMK * &KGVCT[ UWRRNGOGPVCVKQP YKVJ DTCPEJGFEJCKP COKPQ CEKFUUWRRTGUUGU FKGVJ[NPKVTQUCOKPGKPFWEGF NKXGT VWOQTKIGPGUKU KP QDGUG CPF FKCDGVKE%$.-U,FDFDOKEG%CPEGT5EK  5CMCK*;COCFC;5JKOK\W/5CKVQ-/QTKYCMK**CTC#)GPGVKECDNCVKQPQH6PHCNRJC
FGOQPUVTCVGU PQ FGVGEVCDNG UWRRTGUUKXG GHHGEV QP KPHNCOOCVKQPTGNCVGF OQWUG EQNQPVWOQTKIGPGUKU%JGO$KQN+PVGTCEV  ;CUWFC;5JKOK\W/5JKTCMCOK;5CMCK*-WDQVC/*CVC-*KTQUG;6UWTWOK*
6CPCMC6/QTKYCMK*2KVCXCUVCVKPKPJKDKVUC\QZ[OGVJCPGKPFWEGFEQNQPKERTGPGQRNCUVKENGUKQPUKP%$.-U,FDFDQDGUGOKEG%CPEGT5EK
ާක㧦␹⚻↢‛ި -C\WPQTK1JVC#MKJKVQ/K\WPQ/CUCUJK7GFC5JKOQ.K;QUJKJKTQ5W\WMK;QMQ
*KFC;QUJKMC*C[CMCYC;CPQ/CUCPQTK+VQJ'TK1JVC/CUWMQ-QDQTKCPF6QUJK[WMK
0CMCICYC#WVQRJCI[KORCKTOGPVUVKOWNCVGU25GZRTGUUKQPCPFICOOCUGETGVCUGCEVKXKV[#WVQRJCI[   
ާක㧦↢ℂቇި  #DG % 5JKDCVC # +YCVC % /QTKVC * 4GUVTKEVKQP QH TGCTWR DGJCXKQTKPFWEGFCVVGPWCVKQPQHXGUVKDWNQECTFKQXCUEWNCTTGHNGZKPTCVU0GWTQUEKGPEG.GVVGTU
  #DG%6CPCMC-+YCVC%/QTKVC*8GUVKDWNCTOGFKCVGFKPETGCUGKPEGPVTCNUGTQVQPKPRNC[UCPKORQTVCPVTQNGKPJ[RGTITCXKV[KPFWEGFJ[RQRJCIKCKPTCVU,QWTPCNQH#RRNKGF
2J[UKQNQI[
ާක㧦⚵❱࡮ེቭᒻᚑި *[RQZKCGPJCPEGUEQNQP[HQTOCVKQPCPFRTQNKHGTCVKQPDWVKPJKDKVUFKHHGTGPVKCVKQPQHJWOCPFGPVCNRWNREGNNU+KFC-6CMGFC-CYCIWEJK66G\WMC;-WPKUCFC65JKDCVC
66G\WMC-#TEJ1TCN$KQN5GR  'RWD,WN *CTC#6CIWEJK##QMK**CVCPQ;0KYC/;COCFC;-WPKUCFC6(QNCVGCPVCIQPKUVOGVJQVTGZCVGKPFWEGUPGWTQPCNFKHHGTGPVKCVKQPQHJWOCPGODT[QPKEUVGOEGNNUVTCPURNCPVGFKPVQPWFGOQWUGTGVKPC0GWTQUEK.GVV,WP  'RWD#RT
 6COCQMK06CMCJCUJK-6CPCMC6+EJKUCMC6#QMK*6CMGFC-CYCIWEJK6+KFC--WPKUCFC65JKDCVC6;COCPCMC56G\WMC-&GPVCNRWNREGNNUHQTKPFWEGFRNWTKRQVGPVUVGOEGNNDCPMKPI,&GPV4GU#WI  'RWD,WP ;COCFC;#QMK*-WPKUCFC6*CTC#4GUVRTQOQVGUVJGGCTN[FKHHGTGPVKCVKQPQH
OQWUG '5%U DWV KU PQV TGSWKTGF HQT VJGKT OCKPVGPCPEG %GNN 5VGO %GNN  ,CP  
ާක㧦⣖␹⚻ᄖ⑼ި
 +MGICOG;;COCUJKVC-*C[CUJK5;QUJKOWTC50CMCUJKOC5+YCOC60GWVTQRJKNGNCUVCUGKPJKDKVQTRTGXGPVUKUEJGOKEDTCKPFCOCIGXKCTGFWEVKQPQHXCUQIGPKEGFGOC
*[RGTVGPU4GU㧔ቇ૏⺰ᢥ㧕ާක㧦∛ᘒᖱႎ⸃ᨆකቇި
 4QNGQHCEKFURJKPIQO[GNKPCUGQH-WRHHGTEGNNUKPEJQNGUVCVKENKXGTKPLWT[KPOKEG
1UCYC;5GMK'#FCEJK/5WGVUWIW#+VQ*/QTKYCMK*5GKUJKOC/0CICMK/*GRCVQNQI[  
 6JGCDUGPEGQH+&1WRTGIWNCVGUV[RG++(0RTQFWEVKQPTGUWNVKPIKPUWRRTGUUKQPQHXKTCNTGRNKECVKQPKPVJGTGVTQXKTWUKPHGEVGFOQWUG*QUJK/5CKVQ-*CTC#6CIWEJK#1JVCMK*6CPCMC4(WLKICMK*1UCYC;6CMGOWTC//CVUWPCOK*+VQ*5GKUJKOC
/,+OOWPQN    #DKNKV[ QH +&1 VQ CVVGPWCVG NKXGT KPLWT[ KP CNRJCICNCEVQU[NEGTCOKFG KPFWEGFJGRCVKVKUOQFGN+VQ**QUJK/1JVCMK*6CIWEJK##PFQ-+UJKMCYC61UCYC;*CTC 

#/QTKYCMK*5CKVQ-5GKUJKOC/,+OOWPQN  
ާක㧦㜞ᐲవㅴᄖ⑼ቇި
  2TGQRGTCVKXG ITCPWNQE[VGEQNQP[ UVKOWNCVKPI HCEVQT )%5(  VTGCVOGPV KORTQXGUEQPIGUVGF NKXGT TGIGPGTCVKQP /CUCMK -KOWTC6CMW[C ;COCFC *KUCUJK +YCVC 6CMCHWOK5GMKPQ-Q[Q5JKTCJCUJK0CQOCUC;QUJKFC5JKIGTW-K[COC*KTQHWOK6CMGOWTC,5WTI
4GU   
 5WRRTGUUKQPQHTKIJVXGPVTKEWNCTJ[RGTVTQRJ[CHVGTGZVGPUKXGRWNOQPCT[TGUGEVKQPKPTCVUD[ITCPWNQE[VGEQNQP[UVKOWNCVKPIHCEVQT5JKPUWMG/CVUWOQVQ *KUCUJK+YCVC-Q[Q5JKTCJCUJK/CUCPCQ5CKQ;WMKQ7OGFC6UWVQOW/CTWK0CTKJKTQ+UJKFC/CUCMK-KOWTC
6CMW[C5WIKOQVQ*KFGCMK/CPCDG*KTQHWOK6CMGOWTC,5WTI4GU    
ާක㧦⣲≌∛ℂቇި (QNCVGCPVCIQPKUVOGVJQVTGZCVGKPFWEGUPGWTQPCNFKHHGTGPVKCVKQPQHJWOCPGODT[QPKEUVGOEGNNUVTCPURNCPVGFKPVQPWFGOQWUGTGVKPC*CTC#6CIWEJK##QMK**CVCPQ;0KYC/;COCFC;-WPKUCFC60GWTQUEK.GVV  4GUV2TQOQVGUVJG'CTN[&KHHGTGPVKCVKQPQH/QWUG'5%UDWV+U0QV4GSWKTGFHQT6JGKT/CKPVGPCPEG;COCFC;#QMK*-WPKUCFC6*CTC#%GNN5VGO%GNN
ާੱ₞ᗵᨴ㒐ᓮ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࡊ࡝ࠝࡦ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ި 67TWUJKUCMK66CMGOWTC56C\CYC/(WMWQMC,*QUQMCYC/WVQ;#TCMK-
-WYCVC%CHHGQ[NSWKPKECEKFUCTGOCLQTEQPUVKVWGPVUYKVJRQVGPVCPVKKPHNWGP\CGHHGEVU
KP$TC\KNKCPITGGP2TQRQNKUYCVGTGZVTCEV'%#/KPRTGUU  6 -KOWTC , *QUQMCYC/WVQ ;WLK 1 -COCVCTK - -WYCVC 5[PVJGUKU QH )0
FGTKXCVKXGUCPFGXCNWCVKQPQHVJGKTCPVKRTKQPCEVKXKV[KP65'KPHGEVGFEGNNU$KQQTI/GF%JGO.GVV
ާᔕ㧦㘩ຠⅣႺⴡ↢ቇި 5CUUC;;COCUCMK6*QTKWEJK/+PQUJKOC;+UJKIWTQ06JGGHHGEVUQHN[UQUQOCNCPFRTQVGCUQOCNKPJKDKVQTUQPCDPQTOCNHQTOUQHRTKQPRTQVGKPFGITCFCVKQPKPOWTKPGOCETQRJCIGU/KETQDKQN+OOWPQN
 5CUUC;-CVCQMC0+PQUJKOC;+UJKIWTQ0#PVK2T2CPVKDQFKGUFGVGEVGFCVVGTOKPCNUVCIGQHRTKQPCHHGEVGFOQWUG%GNN+OOWPQN  5CUUC;+PQUJKOC;+UJKIWTQ0$QXKPGOCETQRJCIGFGITCFCVKQPQHUETCRKGCPF
$5'2T25E8GV+OOWPQN+OOWPQRCVJQN
ާᔕ㧦₞කᓸ↢‛ި -CUGO5;W/*;COCFC5-QFCKTC#/CVUWOWTC66UWLKOWTC-/CFDQWN[*;COCIWEJK
61J[C-(WMWUJK*6JG14( 7. KUCPGWTQRCVJQIGPPKEKV[FGVGTOKPCPVQHGSWKPGJGTRGUXKTWU '*8 KPVJGOQWUGGPEGRJCNKVKUOQFGN8KTQNQI[/C[  
ާᔕ㧦₞ක∛ℂቇި #UCQMC;5CMCK*5CUCMK,)QT[Q/;CPCK6/CUGIK61MCFC-%JCPIGUKPVJG
IGPGGZRTGUUKQPCPFGP\[OGCEVKXKV[QHJGRCVKEE[VQEJTQOG2KPLWXGPKNG5RTCIWG&CYNG[TCVU,8GV/GF5EK#RT  
 #UCQMC;5CMCK**KTCVC#5CUCMK,)QT[Q//K[COQVQ;;CPCK6/CUGIK61MCFC
-&GVGEVKQPQHKPKVKCVKQPCEVKXKV[QHFKOGVJ[NJ[FTC\KPGKPKPXKXQOGFKWOVGTONKXGTKPKVKCVKQP CUUC[ U[UVGO WUKPI YGGMQNF TCVU YKVJQWV JGRCVQEGNNWNCT RTQNKHGTCVKXGUVKOWNKFWTKPIVJGVGUVEJGOKECNVTGCVOGPVRGTKQF,8GV/GF5EK,CP   

㧣㧚േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥᵴേ㧔ᢎ⢒㧕࡮ᄢቇ㒮කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
࡮⻠⟵‫↢ޟ‬๮୶ℂ‫ޟߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬േ‛ታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢๮୶ℂ‫ޠ‬㧔㧞ᤨ㑆㧕ࠍ⻠⟵㧔ੑ਄㧕࡮ᔕ↪↢‛⑼ቇㇱ࡮⻠⟵‫ޟ‬ታ㛎േ‛ቇ‫ޠ‬㧔㧞න૏㧕㧔ㆬᛯ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ቇ↢㧦↢↥ⅣႺቇ⺖⒟㧟ᐕ㧕㧔ੑ਄㧕࡮⻠⟵‫ޟ‬ታ㛎േ‛ቇ‫ޠ‬㧔㧞න૏㧕㧔ኻ⽎ቇ↢㧦₞කቇ⺖⒟㧠ᐕ㧕㧔ੑ਄㧕࡮ታ⠌‫ޟ‬₞ක∛ℂቇታ⠌㧵‫ޠ‬㧔 න૏㧧 ੱߢಽᜂ㧕㧔ኻ⽎ቇ↢㧦₞කቇ⺖⒟  ᐕ㧕㧔ᐔ↰㧕࡮ታ⠌‫ޟ‬₞ක∛ℂቇታ⠌㧵㧵‫ޠ‬㧔 න૏㧧 ੱߢಽᜂ㧕㧔ኻ⽎ቇ↢㧦₞කቇ⺖⒟㧠ᐕ㧕㧔ᐔ↰㧕࡮⻠⟵‫ޟ‬Ქᕈ∛ℂቇ㓸ਛ⻠⟵‫ޠ‬㧔 න૏㧧 ੱߢಽᜂ㧕㧔ኻ⽎ቇ↢㧦₞කቇ⺖⒟㧠ᐕ㧕㧔ᐔ↰㧕࡮↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯౏㐿⻠ᐳ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣޯ⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ಾࠅᜏߊߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥޯ‫ޟ‬േ‛ߩ߇ࠎ߇ᢎ߃ߡߊࠇࠆߎߣ‫⟵⻠ࠍޠ‬㧔ᐔ↰㧕㧔⺰ᢥ㧕
1. Mahmoud ME, Nikami H, Shiina T, Takewaki T, Shimizu Y. Capsaicin inhibits IFN-gamma-induced
MHC class II expression by suppressing transcription of class II transactivator gene in murine
peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Jan;10(1):86-90.
3/ Asaoka Y, Sakai H, Hirata A, Sasaki J, Goryo M, Miyamoto Y, Yanai T, Masegi T, Okada K.
Induction of Glutathione S-transferase Placental Form Foci in in vivo Medium-term Liver Initiation
Assay Model using 4-week-old Rats.

Journal of Veterinary Medicine 72(1), 45-53.!

4/ Phutthaphadoong S, Yamada Y, Hirata A, Tomita H, Taguchi A, Hara A, Limtrakul PN, Iwasaki T,
Kobayashi H, Mori H. Chemopreventive effects of fermented brown rice and rice bran (FBRA) on
the imflammation-related colorectal carcinogenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice.

Oncology Reports 23(1),53-59.!
5/ Hirata A, Yonemaru K, Kubo M, Murakami M, Sakai H, Yanai T, Masegi T. Frequent developmentof ectopic lymph foci and inflammatory lesions indicates the role of the renal portal system inbiological defense in the kidneys of Japanese wild crows.
327-332.!

 

Journal of Veterinary Medicine 72(3),5. Tomita H*, Hirata A*, Yamada Y, Hata K, Oyama T, Mori H, Yamashita S, Ushijima T, Hara A.
Suppressive effect of global DNA hypomethylation on gastric tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 31(9),1627-1633. (*Equal contribution.)
!

㧔ቇળ㧕
1.

ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬ᷰㄝ੫‫ޔ‬ේ᣿‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᵏᐢ Activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway leads to the
expansion of intestinal stem cells ╙ 69 ࿁ᣣᧄ≸ቇળቇⴚ✚ળ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋‫ޔ‬2010.9

2.

ᵄᄙ㊁⵨৻㇢‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᵏᐢ‫ޔ‬ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫⇌ޔ‬๺਽‫ޔ‬㜞᧻ቇ‫ޔ‬ਭ㊁ᄈ਽‫ޔ‬ේ᣿ Genetic ablation ofRest dose not promote mouse colon tumoriganesis ╙ 69 ࿁ᣣᧄ≸ቇળቇⴚ✚ળ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋‫ޔ‬2010.93.

ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬ᷰㄝ੫‫ޔ‬ේ᣿‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᵏᐢ Wnt ࠪࠣ࠽࡞ᒝᐲߩ⺞▵ߦࠃࠆᄢ⣺਄⊹⚦⢩ߩჇᱺ೙ᓮᯏ᭴ ╙ 27 ࿁ᣣᧄᲥᕈ∛ℂቇળቇⴚ㓸ળ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋‫ޔ‬2011.1

4.

ᩉ੗ᓼ⏴‫┙ޔ‬Ꮉ૫᥍‫ޔ‬㈬੗ᵗ᮸‫ޔ‬ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬౗ሶ᣿ਭ‫ޔ‬㋈ᧁ᮸ℂ ࠾ࡎࡦࠩ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡝
ࡦࡄᕈ⊕ⴊ∛ߩ㧝଀ ╙ 27 ࿁ᣣᧄᲥᕈ∛ℂቇળቇⴚ㓸ળ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋‫ޔ‬2011.1

㧔⎇ⓥળߥߤ㧕
1.

ᵄᄙ㊁⵨৻㇢‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᵏᐢ‫⇌ޔ‬๺਽‫ޔ‬ᥓᒳ⯗‫ޔ‬የጊᱞ‫ޔ‬㜞᧻ቇ‫ޔ‬ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬ਭ㊁ᄈ਽‫ޔ‬ේ᣿ᣂⷙ߇ࠎᛥ೙ㆮવሶ REST ᰳ៊ߪࡑ࠙ࠬᄢ⣺⊒߇ࠎࠍଦㅴߒߥ޿ ╙ 25 ࿁⊒≸∛ℂ⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬᧻ፉ‫ޔ‬2010.8

2.

ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬ᷰㄝ੫‫ޔ‬ේ᣿‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ᵏᐢ Wnt ࠪࠣ࠽࡞ᒝᐲߩ⺞▵ߦࠃࠆᄢ⣺਄⊹⚦⢩ߩჇᱺ೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߩ⸃ᨆ ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄‫⎇ࠎ߇ޟ‬ⓥಽ㊁ߩ․ᕈ╬ࠍ〯߹߃ߚᡰេᵴ
േ‫ޠ‬ਥ௅ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ୘૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ߇ࠎ⎇ⓥᡰេᵴേࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬ᄢᵤ‫ޔ‬2011.2

ᄢጊ⾆ਯ‫⮮ޔ‬᫪⟤㚅ሶ‫ޔ‬ᐔ↰ᥙᄢ‫ޔ‬ੑ਄⧷᮸‫ޔ‬කቇಽ㊁ߩᄖ⑼ᚻⴚ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦ↪޿ࠆࡉ࠲ࠍേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߦዉ౉ߔࠆ㓙ߩࠨࠗ࠭‫࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬෸߮ᓸ↢‛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ᧲ᶏታ㛎േ‛⎇ⓥળ  ᦬଀ળ‫ޔ‬ਃ㊀ᄢ‫ޔ‬ᄢጊ⾆ਯ‫ࠍ࠲ࡉޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳߳ዉ౉ߔࠆ㓙ߩࠨࠗ࠭‫߮ࠃ߅࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬ᓸ↢‛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬╙  ࿁ጘ㒂ᄢቇᛛⴚႎ๔ળ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢ‫ޔ‬㧔ฃ⾨㧕࡮ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄‫⎇ࠎ߇ޟ‬ⓥಽ㊁ߩ․ᕈ╬ࠍ〯߹߃ߚᡰេᵴേ‫ޠ‬ਥ௅ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ୘૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ߇ࠎ⎇ⓥᡰេᵴേࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔2011 ᐕ 2 ᦬‫ޔ‬ᄢᵤ㧕 ఝ⑲ࡐࠬ࠲࡯⾨
ฃ⾨Ṷ㗴‫ޟ‬Wnt ࠪࠣ࠽࡞ᒝᐲߩ⺞▵ߦࠃࠆᄢ⣺਄⊹⚦⢩ߩჇᱺ೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߩ⸃ᨆ‫ޠ‬ 㧔ળ⼏㧕࡮╙  ࿁ ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ද⼏ળ✚ળ㧦 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅ᩞ㧦ᗲᇫᄢቇ‫ޔ‬ળ႐㧦᧻ጊ‫ޔ‬ಽ㊁㐳ੑ਄⧷᮸‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⮮᫪⟤㚅ሶ಴Ꮸ㧔␠ળᵴേ㧕࡮࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ද⼏ળળຬᩞ‫ޔ‬ᐙ੐ᩞ࡮᧲ᶏታ㛎േ‛⎇ⓥળ ੐ോዪ࡮᧲ᶏታ㛎േ‛⎇ⓥળᤐ଀ળ㐿௅  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ






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㧝㧚േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ૶߁ߦߪ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ▤ロߔࠆേ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲࠃࠅోቇߩ౒ㅢ೑↪ᣉ⸳ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᩉᚭࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬකቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟ߦᣂߒߊߢ߈ߚേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳߽‫ޔ‬ቇౝߩ⠪ߥࠄ߫‫↪૶ߊߒ╬ޔ‬ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߢታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߦߪ‫߼ߓ߆ࠄ޽ޔ‬᳿߼ࠄࠇߚᚻ⛯߈ࠍ⚻ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽
ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔࠅߥ߈޿ޕ‬േ‛ࠍᜬߞߡߎࠄࠇߡ߽ታ㛎ߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆേ‛ታ㛎ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ߩ㑐ㅪᴺⷙ‫ޔ‬ᜰ㊎ߦട߃‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ขᛒⷙೣ‫ߦޠ‬ᓥࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ฦㇱዪߦታ㛎ขᛒⷙೣ߇޽ࠆ႐วߪߘࠇߦᓥ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ૶߁ߦߪ‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕએਅߩ㧟ߟߩ㗄⋡ߪḩߚߒߡ޿ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Ԙ േ‛ታ㛎⸵น⇟ภߩขᓧ㧦ጘ㒂ᄢቇߢേ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁႐วߦᔅⷐԙ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળߩฃ⻠㧦േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ೑↪ߒߡታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁੍ቯߩੱߦᔅⷐԚ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠߩឭ಴㧦ታ㓙ߦേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߦേ‛ࠍ៝౉ߔࠆ੍ቯߩੱߦᔅⷐ㧝г㧝㧚േ‛ታ㛎⸵น⇟ภߩขᓧ ጘ㒂ᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡേ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥ᳿߼ࠄࠇߚᚻ㗅ࠍ⚻ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
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ާേ‛ታ㛎ክᩏ↳⺧ᦠ‫ߩ╬ᦠ↹⸘ޔ‬ឭ಴߆ࠄታ㛎㐿ᆎㄥߩᵹࠇި ৻⥸⊛ߥᵹࠇߪ‫ޔ‬࿑ߩᏀ஥ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฦㇱዪߩേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ߳േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠࠍឭ಴‫ޔ‬ክᩏᓟ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎⸵น⇟ภࠍᓧࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬േ‛ᗲ⼔ᴺߥߤߦቯ߼ࠄࠇߚౝኈ
ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߩㆡᱜߐ߇ክᩏߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ጘ㒂ᄢቇߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬කቇㇱߣᔕ↪↢‛⑼ቇㇱ߇േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ክᩏࠍⴕ߃ࠆേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળࠍᜬߞ
ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪߦᚲዻߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ‫⹥ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᒰߔࠆᆔຬળ߳േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒ߹ߔ‫ߘޕ‬ࠇએᄖߩㇱዪߦᚲዻߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ‫ߩ߆ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߳േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡ㗂߈‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎⸵น⇟ภࠍᓧࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ㆮવሶ⚵ߺ឵߃േ‛߿‫∛ޔ‬ේ૕ߩേ‛߳ߩធ⒳ታ㛎㧔ᗵᨴേ‛ታ㛎㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ੍ቯ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂ᄢቇߩ⚵឵߃ &0# ቟ోᆔຬળ߿∛ේ૕╬቟ో▤ℂຬળ߳㑐ㅪᦠ㘃ߩ੐೨ߩឭ಴߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩࠄߜߎޕ‬ᆔຬળߢߪ‫࠽ࡋ࠲࡞ࠞޔ‬ᴺ㧔ㆮવሶ⚵឵߃↢‛ᴺ㧕߿ᗵᨴ∝
੍㒐ᴺߥߤ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪᴺⷙߦၮߠ޿ߚክᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ 

㧝г㧞㧚േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળߩฃ⻠ േ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁႐วߦ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪਥ௅ߩേ‛ታ㛎ᓥ੐⠪⻠⠌ળࠍฃߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬
േ‛ታ㛎ࠍ↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ૶ߞߡⴕ߁႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦᣉ⸳ߩ
೑↪ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߦ޽ߚࠆ⻠⠌ળࠍฃ⻠ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫⻠ޕ‬⠌ળߦߪ‫ࠆߔ↪૶ޔ‬㘺⢒ታ㛎ቶߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㧿㧼㧲േ‛ࠛ࡝ࠕ೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ
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േ‛ታ㛎ᓥ੐⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ฦㇱዪ䈗 䈫 䋩േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ᣉ⸳䉕 ೑↪䈜䉎 ⠪䈏ኻ⽎䋩ฦㇱዪ䈮ᚲዻ䈜䉎 ⠪䈏䇮 േ‛ታ㛎䉕 ⴕ䈉 䈮ᒰ䈢䈦 䈩ᔅⷐ䈭⻠⠌ળ䇯 ጘ㒂ᄢቇ䈪䈲䇮 කቇㇱ䈫 ᔕ↪↢‛ቇㇱ䈪ታᣉ䇯䇸 േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹↳⺧ᦠ䇹 䈱↳⺧䈭䈬 䈏น⢻䈫 䈭䉎 䇯ᣉ⸳䉕 ታ㓙䈮೑↪䈚 䈩േ‛ታ㛎䉕 ⴕ䈉䈮ᒰ䈢䈦 䈩䈱೑↪⠪ะ䈔䉧䉟 䉻䊮 䉴䇯 ฃ⻠䈲䇮 ේೣ৻ᐲ䈣䈔䇯 ৻ᐲฃ⻠䈚 䈩⾗ᩰ䉕 ᓧ䉎 䈫 䇮 ⹥ᒰ䈜䉎 ᣉ⸳▤ℂ䉣 䊥 䉝 䈻䈱౉ㅌ䇮 ᣉ⸳⸳஻䈱೑↪䈏น⢻䈫 䈭䉎 䇯䇸 ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧䇹 䇸 㪠㪚䉦 䊷䊄 䈱⊒ⴕ↳⺧䇹 䈏น⢻䈮䈭䉎 䇯䋨 ోຬᔅୃ䋩䋨 ోຬᔅୃ䋩േ‛ታ㛎ᓥ੐⠪ቯᦼ⻠⠌ળ䋨 ోຬᔅୃ䋩 Ფᐕฃ⻠േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ోຬᔅୃ䋩 㸢ᣉ⸳౒ㅢ䉣 䊥 䉝 䇮 䋳 䌆 ਛേ‛䇮 䋴 䌆 ዊേ‛䉣 䊥 䉝 䈱೑↪䈏น⢻ᣂⷙേ‛ታ㛎ᓥ੐⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ోຬᔅୃ䋩 ᦨೋ䈱䉂䋨 ᔅⷐ⠪䈣䈔䋩

േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㪪㪧㪝䉣 䊥 䉝 ೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ᔅⷐ⠪䈣䈔䋩 㸢䋵 䌆 ዊേ‛䉣 䊥 䉝 䈱೑↪䈏น⢻േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ᗵᨴታ㛎䉣 䊥 䉝 ೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ䋨 ᔅⷐ⠪䈣䈔䋩 㸢䋳 䌆 ᗵᨴታ㛎ቶ䈱೑↪䈏น⢻㧝г㧟㧚േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠߩឭ಴ 㧝г㧝ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ߡታ㛎⸵น⇟ภࠍ੤ઃߐࠇࠆߣ‫ޔ‬േ‛ታ㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ㓙ߦߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ታ㛎⸵น⇟ภࠍ⸥౉ߒߚേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߡ߽ࠄ޿
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠߪ‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔JVVRYYYIKHWWCELR`NUTEFCG㧕ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬2&( ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߩᒻߢ࠳࠙ࡦࡠ࡯࠼߇น⢻ߢߔߩߢ‫ߏޔ‬೑↪ਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬ 

㧞㧚േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳૶↪ᔃᓧߎߩ૶↪ᔃᓧߪ㧘ጘ㒂ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ขᛒⷙ⒟㧔એਅ‫ⷙޟ‬⒟‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߦೣࠅ㧘ฦㇱዪߢክᩏੌᛚߐࠇߚേ‛ታ㛎ࠍ↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߦ߅޿ߡⴕ߁႐วߩౕ૕⊛੐㗄ࠍቯ߼ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪㧘ታ㛎ታᣉ⵬ഥ⠪㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕෸߮↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⡯ຬ㧔એਅ‫࠲ࡦ࠮ޟ‬࡯⡯ຬ‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߪ㧘ㆡᱜߥേ‛ታ㛎߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ᣉ⸳ߩ౞Ṗߥ▤ℂ࡮ㆇ༡ࠍ࿑ࠅ㧘૬ߖߡታ㛎ታᣉ⠪⋧੕ߩଢቱߩߚ߼ߦ㧘ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪേ‛ታ㛎ߩ⸘↹┙᩺ߩᲑ㓏߆ࠄⷙ⒟෸߮ߎߩ૶↪ᔃᓧࠍㆩ቞ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧝 േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߩ૶↪⠪㧝㧕േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ጘ㒂ᄢቇߩᢎ⡯ຬߥࠄ߮ߦቇ↢㧘ߘߩઁേ‛ታ㛎ಽ㊁㐳߇૶↪ࠍ⹺߼ߚ⠪㧔એਅ‫↪૶ޟ‬⠪‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߢ੍߼േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߩᣉ⸳೑↪⻠⠌ળࠍฃ⻠ߒ⊓㍳ߒߚ⠪ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞 ⻠⠌ળ
㧝㧕ߔߴߡߩᣉ⸳೑↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ‫ࠍޠ‬ฃ⻠ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㧟㓏ਛേ‛ࠛ࡝ࠕ‫ޔ‬㧠㓏ዊേ‛ࠛ࡝ࠕߩ೑↪߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕㧡㓏㧿㧼㧲േ‛ࠛ࡝ࠕࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬㧞㧝㧕ߩ⻠⠌ળߦട߃‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳㧿㧼㧲േ‛ࠛ࡝ࠕ೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ‫ࠍޠ‬ฃ⻠ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧠㧕㧟㓏ᗵᨴേ‛ታ㛎ࠛ࡝ࠕࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬㧞㧝㧕ߩ⻠⠌ળߦട߃‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ᗵᨴታ㛎ࠛ࡝ࠕ೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળ‫ࠍޠ‬ฃ⻠ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧡㧕એ਄ߩേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪⠪⻠⠌ળࠍฃ⻠ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼⊓㍳↳⺧ᦠ㧔᭽ᑼ㧞㧕‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠ㧔᭽ᑼ㧟㧕‫ޕࠆ߈ߢ⺧↳ࠍޠ‬㧢㧕એ਄ߩ⻠⠌ળߪ‫ޔ‬ቯᦼ⊛ߦᣉ⸳ߦߡ㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟 ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼㧝㧕කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟ߩ౉ㅌ಴ߪ‫ࠅࠃߦࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࠼࡯ࠞ߼ߚߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡘࠠ࠮ޔ‬೙㒢ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄᣉ⸳೑↪⠪ߦ㒢ࠄߕ‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇ᫟ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍขᓧߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬කቇㇱ↢๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼⊓㍳↳⺧ᦠ㧔᭽ᑼ㧞㧕‫▤ࠍޠ‬ℂቶ߳ឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕↢๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼ߪ‫ࠍᦠ⺧↳ⴕ⊒ޔ‬ឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅታ⾌ߦߡ⊒ⴕߐࠇࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ߎߩࠞ࡯࠼ߦߡേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬਄⸥‫ޟ‬㧚⻠⠌ળ‫ߩޠ‬ฃ⻠߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬೑ 

↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼ߪ৻ੱ৻ᨎߣߒ‫ޔ‬᳿ߒߡ⾉ߒ୫ࠅࠍߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧠 ૶↪↳ㄟߺߣ૶↪⸵น㧝㧕ᣉ⸳ߦ߅޿ߡേ‛ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ⠪ߪ㧘ේೣߣߒߡ૶↪㐿ᆎᣣߩ㧝ㅳ㑆೨߹ߢߦ㧘ฦㇱዪߢᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠ‫⹺⸵ߩޠ‬น⇟ภ߅ࠃ߮ᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒߚ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ㧟㧕ࠍ▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ಽ㊁㐳޽ࠆ޿ߪേ‛ታ㛎▤ℂ⠪ߦࠃࠅᣉ⸳ߩ૶↪⸵น߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘⡯ຬߩᜰ␜ߦᓥߞߡ૶↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᓸ↢‛ࠍ↪޿ߚᗵᨴേ‛ታ㛎㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪㆮવሶࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎෸߮ㆮવሶᡷᄌേ‛ታ㛎ߪ㧘ቇౝⷙ⒟‫ޔ‬㑐ଥᴺⷙߩⷙ೙ࠍᒝߊฃߌࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕㆩ቞ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕ੱ૕ߦෂ㒾ߥൻቇ‛⾰╬ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆታ㛎ߪ㧘੐೨ߦ↢๮⑼ቇ✚วታ㛎࠮ࡦ࠲࡯േ‛ታ㛎ಽ
㊁㐳ߣචಽߦᛂวߖࠍⴕߞߚ਄ߢ↳ߒㄟ߻‫⴫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬㧝ߢቯ߼ࠆൻቇ‛⾰ߩ૶↪ߪᧄᣉ⸳ߢߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧡㧕᡼኿ᕈห૏ర⚛㧔4+㧕ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ታ㛎ߪ㧘ᧄᣉ⸳ߢߪታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ቇౝߩ 4+ᣉ⸳ߦߡⴕ߁ߎߣ‫ޕ‬⴫㧝㧔㧝㧕ࠞ࠼ࡒ࠙ࡓ෸߮ߘߩൻว‛㧔㧞㧕ࠪࠕࡦൻว‛㧔㧟㧕᦭ᯏῂൻว‛㧔ࡄ࡜࠴ࠝࡦ‫ࡦ࠻ࡔࠫ࡞࠴ࡔޔࡦࠝ࠴࡜ࡄ࡞࠴ࡔޔ‬෸߮'20╬㧕㧔㧠㧕㋦෸߮ߘߩൻว‛㧔㧡㧕౐ଔࠢࡠࡓൻว‛㧔㧢㧕⎆⚛෸߮ߘߩൻว‛㧔㧣㧕᳓㌁෸߮ࠕ࡞ࠠ࡞᳓㌁‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬᳓㌁ൻว‛㧔㧤㧕ࡐ࡝ࠢࡠ࡝ࡀࠗ࠹࠶࠼ࡆࡈࠚ࠾࡞㧔೎ฬ2%$㧕㧡 ᣉ⸳߳ߩ಴౉ࠅ
㧝㧕૶↪⠪ߪ㧘↢๮⑼ቇ᫟೑↪⠪ࠞ࡯࠼ࠍᔅߕ៤Ꮺߒ‫ޔ‬ᣉ⸳ᱜ㕙₵㑐㧔᧲஥㧞㓏㧕߆ࠄ಴౉ࠅ
ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧞㧕ᣉ⸳ౝߢߪ㧘₵㑐ߢ஻߃ઃߌߩ਄ጁ߈ߦጁ߈ᦧ߃㧘ฦࠛ࡝ࠕߩᦝ⴩ቶߢኾ↪ߩታ㛎⴩ߣጁ߈‛ߦᦝ⴩ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ᶖᲥᶧߢᚻᜰࠍᶖᲥߩ߁߃㧘ࡑࠬࠢ㧘ᚻⴼ㧘Ᏺሶࠍ⌕↪ߒߡ㘺⢒ቶߦ౉ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕㧟㓏‫ޔ‬㧠㓏‫ޔ‬㧡㓏ߩേ‛ታ㛎࡮㘺⢒ࠛ࡝ࠕ߳ߩ౉ቶߪ⸵นߐࠇߚ⠪ߩߺน⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧢 ࠛ࡟ࡌ࡯࠲࡯╬ߩ૶↪㧝㧕ᣉ⸳ߩ೑↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ർ஥ࠛ࡟ࡌ࡯࠲࡯ߩߺ૶↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕㧠㧘㧡㓏ࠛ࡝ࠕߩ೑↪⠪ߪධ஥ߩࠛ࡟ࡌ࡯࠲࡯ߪ‫ޕ޿ߥࠄߥߪߡߒ↪૶ޔ‬㧟㧕㧟㓏ࠛ࡝ࠕߩ೑↪⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬േ‛ߩ៝౉‫ޔ‬ᱫ૕ㆇ៝ߦߩߺ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧣 േ‛ߩ⾼౉㧝㧕ߎߩᣉ⸳ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎േ‛ߣߒߡ❥ᱺ࡮↢↥ߐࠇߚേ‛ߒ߆૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞㧕Ꮧᦸ⠪ߪ౉⩄Ꮧᦸᣣߩ㧝ㅳ㑆೨߹ߢߦ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳೑↪↳⺧ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ 㧕ߦᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒ‫ޔ‬ᣉ⸳߳ឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޔߒ߃߆ࠅ߅ޕ‬ᣉ⸳೑↪⸵นߩนุ߇ㅪ⛊ߐࠇࠆߩߢ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬ฃߌߡታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ‫౉⾼ޔ‬ଐ㗬ࠍᬺ⠪ߦⴕ߁‫౉⾼ޕ‬േ‛ߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ធᣉ⸳߳៝౉ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᣉ⸳ߢขࠅᛒ߁ߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆേ‛ߪ㧘േ‛ߩᓸ↢‛ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩ㕙߆ࠄᰴߩേ‛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ᣣᧄߩേ‛↢↥ᬺ⠪߆ࠄዉ౉ߔࠆ࡜࠶࠻㧘ࡑ࠙ࠬߪ㧿㧼㧲㧔URGEKHKERCVJQIGPHTGG㧕േ‛ߣߒ㧘࡜࠶࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪᐕ㧝࿁એ਄⣢∝୥ᕈ಴ⴊᾲ㧔㧴㧲㧾㧿㧦*GOQTTJCIKEHGXGTYKVJTGPCNU[PFTQOG㧕᛫૕ᬌᩏࠍታᣉߒ㧘㧴㧲㧾㧿㒶ᕈߩേ‛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ᣣᧄߩേ‛↢↥ᬺ⠪એᄖ߆ࠄዉ౉ߔࠆേ‛ߪ㧘ዉ౉రߩ⽿છߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᣣᧄߩേ‛↢↥ᬺ⠪ߦḰߕࠆ㧿㧼㧲േ‛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚ㧘࡜࠶࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧴㧲㧾㧿㒶ᕈߩേ‛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ
⸽᣿ߔࠆᦠ㘃ࠍឭ಴ߐࠇߚേ‛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛ േ‛↢↥ᬺ⠪એᄖ߆ࠄࡑ࠙ࠬ‫ࠍ࠻࠶࡜ޔ‬ዉ౉ߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ද⼏ળߩ‫ޟ‬ታ㛎േ‛ߩ᝼ฃߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ߦޠ‬ၮߠ޿ߚ 52( േ‛ߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ԛ ߘߩઁߩߍߞߒ㘃ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘࡜࠶࠻㧘ࡑ࠙ࠬߦḰߕࠆ㧿㧼㧲േ‛޽ࠆ޿ߪᄖ⷗਄⇣Ᏹ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߕ㧘ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇⦟ᅢߢ㧘ᬌ∉ᦼ㑆ਛ⇣Ᏹ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚേ‛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԝ ࠙ࠨࠡߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘࡜࠶࠻㧘ࡑ࠙ࠬߦḰߕࠆ㧿㧼㧲േ‛㧔ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦ㧛ࡋ࡞ࠪ࡯േ‛㧕޽ࠆ޿ߪᄖ⷗਄⇣Ᏹ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߕ㧘ஜᐽ⁁ᘒ߇⦟ᅢߢ㧘ᬌ∉ᦼ㑆ਛ⇣Ᏹ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚേ
‛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ԝ ࠗ࠿㧘ࡉ࠲㧘ࠨ࡞㘃ߪേ‛↢↥ᬺ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ❥ᱺ࡮↢↥ߐࠇߚേ‛ߣߒ㧘࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕╬߆ࠄ⼑ᷰߐࠇߚേ‛ߪ฽߹ߥ޿‫ޕ‬Ԟ ߘߩઁߩേ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘▤ℂቶߦ໧޿วࠊߖࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕․ᱶߥേ‛㧘♽⛔㧘ᐕ㦂޽ࠆ޿ߪᓸ↢‛ቇ⊛ߦຠ⾰ߩ㜞޿േ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ዉ౉߹ߢߦ߆
ߥࠅߩᣣᢙ߿․೎ߥ㈩ᘦࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆߚ߼㧘⡯ຬߣචಽߥᛂวߖࠍⴕߞߚ߁߃
ߢ↳ߒㄟ߹ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧡㧕ࡉ࡝࡯࠳࡯߆ࠄ⾼౉ߢ߈ߥ޿ㆮવሶᡷᄌേ‛㧘ࡕ࠺࡞േ‛ߥߤ․ᱶߥേ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘⡯ຬߣᛂߜวߖߚ߁߃ߢ㧘ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇േ‛ࠍ⾼౉ߒ㧘ዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧤 േ‛ߩ៝౉࡮៝಴
㧝㧕ᣉ⸳ߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚਛേ‛㧔࠙ࠨࠡ㧘ࡉ࠲‫╬࠿ࠗޔ‬㧕ߪේೣߣߒߡᬌ∉ᓟߦ⡯ຬ߇㘺⢒ቶߦ
⒖േߔࠆ߇㧘ࡑ࠙ࠬ㧘࡜࠶࠻ߘߩઁߩേ‛ߪᬌ∉ᓟ⡯ຬߩᜰ␜ߦࠃࠅታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇᳿߼ࠄࠇߚ㘺⢒ቶߦ⒖േߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇ᣉ⸳ౝߢ❥ᱺߒߚࡑ࠙ࠬ㧘࡜࠶࠻╬ߪ㧘㧠ㅳ㦂ߩᤨὐߢᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥౉ߒߚ
‫ޟ‬േ‛❥ᱺᢙႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ 㧕ࠍ▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕㘺⢒ਛߩേ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㘺⢒ࠞ࡯࠼ߦᔅⷐ੐㗄ࠍ⸥タߒ෼ኈࠤ࡯ࠫߦ᣿␜ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕ᣉ⸳ᄖߦᜬߜ಴ߐࠇߚേ‛ࠍౣᐲᣉ⸳ౝߦᜬߜㄟ߻ߎߣߪ⑌ᱛߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧕ᣉ⸳ߦ៝౉ߒߚోߡߩേ‛ߩ⒳㧘♽⛔㧔෶ߪຠ⒳㧕
㧘ዉ౉ᤨߩᐕ㦂㧘ዉ౉వߦߟ޿ߡ⸥㍳ߒ
▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߒ଻ሽߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧢㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇ᣉ⸳ౝߢ❥ᱺ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆേ‛ࠍቇᄖߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐╬߳ಽਈߔࠆᤨߪ㧘੐೨ߦ‫ޟ‬ቇᄖേ‛៝಴ዯ‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ 㧕ࠍ▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧥 േ‛ߩᬌ∉㧝㧕േ‛ߪ៝౉ᤨߦᚲቯߩᬌ∉ࠍⴕ߁‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘៝౉ᤨ෸߮ታ㛎ਛߦਇㆡߣ್ቯߐࠇߚേ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ⡯ຬߣද⼏ߩ߁߃ߒ߆ࠆߴ߈ಣ⟎ࠍขࠄߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪߘߩ⚻✲ࠍ⸥㍳ߒ▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕േ‛ߩᬌ∉⸥㍳ߪ▤ℂቶߢ଻ሽߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᬌ∉ਛߩേ‛ߪේೣߣߒߡታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧝㧜 േ‛ߩ㘺⢒ⅣႺ
㧝㧕േ‛ߩ㘺⢒ቶߪ᷷ᐲ㧞㧜㨪㧞㧢͠㧘Ḩᐲ㧠㧜㨪㧣㧜㧑ߦ೙ᓮߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᾖ᣿ᤨ㑆ߪඦ೨  ᤨߦὐἮ㧘ඦᓟ  ᤨߦᶖἮߔࠆࠃ߁೙ᓮߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶖἮᤨ㑆Ꮺߦ౉ቶߔࠆ႐
วߦߪ㧘૞ᬺ↪ߩ㔚Ἦࠍὐߌ㧘ㅌቶᤨߦߪᔅߕᶖἮߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧝 㘺⢒ౕེ࡮ᯏ᧚
㧝㧕ㅢᏱߩ㘺⢒ߦᔅⷐߥࠤ࡯ࠫ㧘⛎㙄ེ㧘⛎᳓ࡆࡦ߅ࠃ߮ᐥᢝ╬ߪ㧘⡯ຬ߇ᵞᵺ࡮Ṍ⩶ߒߡ㧘Ḱ஻ቶߦᏱ஻ߔࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᔅⷐߥ‛ຠ㧔଀߃߫Ṍ⩶ߒߚታ㛎ᯏ᧚╬㧕߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘੍߼
▤ℂቶߦㅪ⛊ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᣉ⸳ᄖߦ㘺⢒↪ౕེ߅ࠃ߮ᯏ᧚ߪ‫ޔ‬ᜬߜ಴ߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᜬߜ಴ߔ㓙ߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ↪ߩኈེࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆߩߢ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬೑↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ᓟߪㅦ߿߆ߦ▤ℂቶߦㅪ⛊ߒ㧘⡯ຬߩᜰ␜ߦࠃࠅᚲ
ቯߦ૏⟎ߦ㄰ළߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧝㧞 㘺ᢱ
㧝㧕㘺ᢱߪේೣߣߒߡᣉ⸳ߢ৻᜝⾼౉ߒḰ஻ቶߦᏱ஻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕․ᱶߥ㘺ᢱߪታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇Ḱ஻ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧟 㘺⢒▤ℂߩಽᜂ㧝㧕ࡑ࠙ࠬ㧘࡜࠶࠻㧘ࡂࡓࠬ࠲࡯╬ߩዊേ‛ߩ⛎㙄㧘⛎᳓㧘ࠤ࡯ࠫ੤឵㧘ቶౝᷡ᝹ߪේೣߣߒ
ߡታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇ⴕ߁‫ߒߛߚޕ‬ฃ⸤㘺⢒ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߪߩߙߊ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ࠗ࠿㧘ࠨ࡞㧘࠙ࠨࠡ╬ߩਛ࡮ᄢേ‛ߩ⛎㙄㧘⛎᳓㧘ࠤ࡯ࠫ੤឵㧘㘺⢒᫜㧘ቶౝᷡ᝹ߪේೣ
ߣߒߡ⡯ຬ߇ⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᗵᨴታ㛎޽ࠆ޿ߪ․ᱶߥታ㛎ਛߩേ‛ߩ㘺⢒▤ℂߪታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߢⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧝㧠 㘺⢒▤ℂߩᣇᴺ㧝㧕ࡑ࠙ࠬ㧘࡜࠶࠻╬ߩዊേ‛ߩᵞᵺᷣߺṌ⩶ࠤ࡯ࠫ㘃㧘⛎᳓ࡆࡦ㧘㘺ᢱ╬ߪḰ஻ቶߦᏱ஻ߔ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᐥᢝ૶↪ߩࠤ࡯ࠫߪㅳ㧝࿁㧘ᵞᵺᷣߺṌ⩶ࠤ࡯ࠫߦ੤឵ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕⛎᳓ࡆࡦߦࠃࠆᗵᨴࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߚ߼㧘৻ᣤ૶↪ߒߚ⛎᳓ࡆࡦࠍઁߩࠤ࡯ࠫߦ૶↪ߒߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧠㧕૶↪ߒߚ㘺⢒ౕེ߅ࠃ߮ᯏ᧚㘃ߪታ㛎⠪߇ᚲቯߩ૏⟎ߦㆇ៝ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧡 㘺⢒⚻⾌╬㧝㧕േ‛೎ߩ㘺⢒⚻⾌㧔ᐥᢝઍ㧘▤ℂ⾌㧘ⓨ⺞⾌㧘ౕེ៊ᢱ╬ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬㧕ߪ⴫㧞ߩߣ߅ࠅߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧞 㘺⢒⚻⾌
േ‛⒳೎

㘺⢒⚻⾌



㧔౞㧛ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡮ ඘࡮ᣣ㧕ࡑ࠙ࠬ 㧠㓏ࡑ࠙ࠬ 㧡㓏 52(㧔౞㧛ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡮㧠඘࡮ᣣ㧕࡜࠶࠻ 㧠㓏࡜࠶࠻ 㧡㓏 52(㧔౞㧛ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡮ ඘࡮ᣣ㧕 

ฃ⸤㘺⢒ ࡑ࠙ࠬ 㧠㓏ฃ⸤㘺⢒ ࡑ࠙ࠬ 㧡㓏 52(㧔౞㧛ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡮㧠඘࡮ᣣ㧕ฃ⸤㘺⢒ ࡜࠶࠻ 㧠㓏ฃ⸤㘺⢒ ࡜࠶࠻ 㧡㓏 52(





㧔౞㧛ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡮㧝඘࡮ᣣ㧕

࠙ࠨࠡ



ࠨ࡞



ࠗ࠿



ࡉ࠲





㧔౞㧛㧝ࠕࠗ࠰࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧮㧻㨄࡮ᣣ㧕

2㧔ࠕࠗ࠰࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧮㧻㨄㧕

2㧔ࠕࠗ࠰࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧮㧻㨄㧕㧞㧕ࡆ࠾࡯࡞ࠕࠗ࠰࡟࡯࠲ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ႐วߩ૶↪⚻⾌ߪ㧘ࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯੤឵⾌෸߮㔚᳇ᢱߣߒߡ㧘㧝㧜㧜౞㧛บ࡮ᣣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕㘺⢒ቶߩ৻ㇱ޽ࠆ޿ߪ೨ቶࠍታ㛎ቶߣߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆ႐วߩ૶↪⚻⾌ߪ㧘ⓨ⺞⾌ߣߒߡኾ᦭
ߔࠆ㕙Ⓧߦࠃࠅ▚಴ߔࠆ‫ ޕ‬౞㧛ᐔ☨࡮᦬㧠㧕േ‛ߩᱫ૕ಣℂߦଥࠊࠆ⚻⾌ߪ⴫  ߦቯ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫  ᱫ૕ಣℂ⚻⾌㧔ታ⾌ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᢱ㊄⒳㘃ᗐቯ㊀㊂㧔㨓㧕

නଔ㧛඘

ࡑ࠙ࠬ





࡜࠶࠻





ࡕ࡞ࡕ࠶࠻

ࠬ࠽ࡀ࠭ࡒ

ࡂࡓࠬ࠲࡯





࠙ࠨࠡ





ࠗ࠿



ታ⾌

ࡉ࠲



ታ⾌

ࠨ࡞



ታ⾌

ዱ૕ಣℂ⚻⾌ߪ  ౞㧛㨗㨓㧔ᐕᐲߦࠃࠅᄌᦝߩน⢻ᕈ᦭ࠅ㧕ߢ⸘▚‫ࠆࠇࠊ૶ߊࠃޔߒߛߚޕ‬ 

㦅ᱤ㘃ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬୘૕ߏߣߦ૕㊀ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߩ߇࿎㔍ߥߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᗐቯ㊀㊂ߦࠃࠅ᳿߼ߚᢱ㊄ߢ৻ᓞ⺖㊄‫ޕ‬㧡㧕਄⸥ߩ⚻⾌ߪ㧘ฃ⋉⠪⽶ᜂಽߣߒߡฃ⋉⠪ߦߪᲤ᦬ႎ๔ߒ㧘੍▚ߪ㧟ࡩ᦬ߏߣߦ㔚▚ಣℂߒฃ⋉⠪⻠ᐳ╬߆ࠄ↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯੍▚ߦᝄᦧ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧢 ታ㛎ᠲ૞㧝㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦߪ㧘⴫  ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥὐߦ㈩ᘦߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦή↪ߩ⧰∩ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁㈩ᘦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬⴫ 㧚୶ၒၮḰߦࠃࠆකቇ↢‛ቇታ㛎ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆಽ㘃㧔.CDQTCVQT[#PKOCN5EKGPEG㧕ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯

ಣ⟎଀߅ࠃ߮ኻಣᴺ

ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ #↢ൻቇ⊛‫ޔ‬ᬀ‛ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ‫⩶⚦ޔ‬ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬ᓸ↢‛ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬ή⣄ᬁേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥ‫⚵ޔ‬❱ၭ㙃‫ޔ‬೬ᬌߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇߚ⚵❱ࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇↢‛୘૕ࠍ↪޿ߥ޿ታ㛎޽ࠆ޿ߪᬀ‛‫ ⚦ޔ‬ⓥ‫ޔ‬ዼ႐߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ⚵❱ࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥ‫⊒ޕ‬⩶‫ޔ‬ේ⯻‫ޔ‬෶ߪή⣄ᬁേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎⢒㢚ෆࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥ‫ޕ‬ή⣄ᬁേ‛߽␹⚻♽ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ೝỗߦ෻ᔕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡή⣄ᬁേ‛߽ੱ㆏⊛ߦᛒࠊࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ $ታ㛎ߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦേ‛ࠍߟ߆ࠎߢ଻ቯߔࠆ

ߎߣ‫᦭ࠅ߹޽ޕ‬ኂߢߥ޿‛⾰ࠍᵈ኿ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬޽ࠆ޿ߪណⴊߒߚࠅߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ◲නߥಣ⟎‫ޕ‬⣄ᬁേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥߢ‫ޔ‬േ‛ߦኻߒߡ߶ߣ േ‛ߩ૕ࠍᬌᩏߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᷓ㤗㈮ߦࠃࠅᗧ⼂ࠎߤ‫ߊߚߞ߹ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ਇᔟᗵࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ߣ ࠍ࿁ᓳߔࠆߎߣߩߥ޿േ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎‫ޕ‬⍴ᕁࠊࠇࠆታ㛎ᠲ૞ᤨ㑆㧔㧞ޯ㧟ᤨ㑆㧕ߩ⛘㘩⛘᳓‫ޕ‬ᕆㅦߦᗧ⼂ࠍᶖᄬߐߖࠆᮡḰ⊛ߥ቟ᭉᱫᴺ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᄢ㊂ߩ㤗㈮⮎ߩᛩਈ߿シߊ㤗㈮ࠍ߆ߌࠆߥߤߒ
ߡ㎾㕒ߐߖߚേ‛ࠍᢿ㚂ߔࠆߎߣߥߤ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ %

㤗㈮ਅߢⴊ▤ࠍ㔺಴ߐߖ‫ࠍ࡞࠹࡯࠹ࠞޔ‬㐳ᤨ㑆ᝌ౉ߔࠆߎߣ‫ⴕޕ‬േቇ⊛ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᗧ 

⼂޽ࠆേ‛ߦኻߒߡ⍴ᤨ㑆ࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍ઻߁଻

⣄ᬁേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ߢ‫ޔ‬േ‛ߦኻߒߡシᓸ ቯ㧔᜔᧤㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ‫ࡘࠫࠕߩ࠻ࡦࠗࡠࡈޕ‬ߥࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ޽ࠆ޿ߪ∩ߺ㧔⍴ᤨ㑆ᜬ⛯ߔࠆ∩ ࡃࡦ࠻ࠍ↪޿ߚ఺∉‫߆ࠇߘޔ߇߁઻ࠍ∩⧰ޕ‬ߺ㧕ࠍ઻߁ታ㛎‫ޕ‬ࠄㅏࠇࠄࠇࠆೝỗ‫ޕ‬㤗㈮ਅߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ⑼⊛ಣ⟎ߢ‫ޔ‬ಣ⟎ᓟ߽ᄙዋߩਇᔟᗵࠍ઻߁߽ߩ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ % ߩಣ⟎ߪ‫ߩߺ∩߿ࠬ࡟࠻ࠬޔ‬⒟ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯ᤨ㑆ߦࠃߞߡ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥ㈩ᘦ߆ᔅⷐߦߥ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ &ⴕേቇ⊛ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ᡿ᗧߦࠬ࠻࡟ࠬࠍട߃

ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㤗㈮ਅߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ⑼⊛ಣ⟎ߢ‫ޔ‬ಣ⟎ᓟߦ⪺ߒ޿ਇᔟᗵࠍ઻߁߽ߩ‫⸃߁઻ࠍ∩⧰ޕ‬⣄ᬁേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ߢ‫ޔ‬ㆱߌࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ ೬ቇ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ↢ℂቇ⊛ಣ⟎‫߁઻ࠍ∩⧰ޕ‬ೝߥ޿㊀ᐲߩࠬ࠻࡟ࠬ߿∩ߺࠍ઻߁ታ㛎‫ޕ‬ỗࠍਈ߃ࠆታ㛎ߢ‫ޔ‬േ‛߇ߘߩೝỗ߆ࠄㅏࠇࠄࠇߥ޿႐ว‫ޕ‬㐳ᤨ㑆㧔ᢙᤨ㑆޽ࠆ޿ߪߘࠇ
એ਄㧕ߦࠊߚߞߡേ‛ߩり૕ࠍ଻ቯ㧔᜔᧤㧕ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬᡹᠄⊛ߥⴕേࠍߣࠄߖ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽ⥄り޽ࠆ޿ߪห⒳ઁ୘૕ࠍ៊்ߐߖࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㤗㈮⮎ࠍ૶↪ߒߥ޿ߢ∩ߺࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Ქᕈ⹜㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬േ‛߇⠴߃ࠆߎߣߩߢ߈
ࠆᦨᄢߩ∩ߺߦㄭ޿∩ߺࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ‫߹ߟޕ‬ࠅേ‛߇ỗߒ޿⧰ᖨߩ⴫ᖱࠍ␜ߔ႐ว‫ޕ‬᡼኿✢㓚ኂࠍ߭߈߅ߎߔߎߣ‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬⒳ߩᵈ኿‫ࠬޔ‬࠻࡟ࠬ߿࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߩ⎇ⓥߥߤ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ & ߦዻߔࠆታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁႐วߦߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬േ‛ߦኻߔࠆ⧰∩ࠍᦨዊ㒢ߩ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠍ∩⧰ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ឃ㒰ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬
೎ߩᣇᴺ߇ߥ޿߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ⽿છ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝ 'ᚻⴚߔࠆ㓙ߦ㤗㈮⮎ࠍ૶ࠊߕ‫ޔ‬නߦേ‛ࠍേ߆ߥߊߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ╭ᒆ✭⮎޽ࠆ޿ߪ㤗∽ᕈ⮎೷‫ࠆ޽ࡦ࡝ࠦ࡞࠾ࠪࠢࠨ߫߃଀ޔ‬㤗㈮ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ᗧ⼂ߩ޽ࠆേ‛ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬േ ޿ߪߘߩઁߩࠢ࡜࡯࡟᭽૞↪ࠍᜬߟ⮎೷ࠍ૶‛߇⠴߃ࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆᦨᄢߩ∩ߺ‫ޕߣߎ߁ ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㤗㈮ߒߡ޿ߥ޿േ‛ߦ㊀ᐲߩἫ்߿ 

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㧝㧣 ᱫ૕ߩಣℂ㧝㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ㐿⢷࡮㐿⣻ߒߚዊേ‛એᄖߩታ㛎േ‛ߪ㧘❔ว࡮ᢛᓳߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㧞㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩᱫ૕ࠍฦ㓏ߦᏱ஻ߒߚࡆ࠾࡯࡞ⴼ╬ߦ౉ࠇߡ㧘ᜰቯߐࠇߚ⾂⬿
ᚲ߹ߢ⒖േߒ㧘଻ሽߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ታ㛎േ‛ߩ଻ሽዱ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬ዱ૕ಣಽᬺ⠪ߦଐ⸤ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧤 ᳪ‛࡮Ⴒ၎ߩಣℂ㧝㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎࡮ಣ⟎╬ߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚᳪ‛࡮Ⴒ၎ࠍಣ⟎ቶߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚᚲቯߩኈེ
ߦᑄ᫈඙ಽߦᓥ޿ಣℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᵈ኿㊎߅ࠃ߮ࠟ࡜ౕེࠬ㘃ߩಣℂߪ㧘੐᡿㒐ᱛߩߚ߼৻⥸Ⴒ၎ߦ⛘ኻߦᷙ౉ߒߡߪ޿ߌߥ
޿‫ޕ‬㧟㧕ᚲቯߩኈེౝߦಣℂߐࠇߚᳪ‛࡮Ⴒ၎ߪ⡯ຬ߇ᦨ⚳ಣℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧥 ታ㛎ቶ╬㧔ታ㛎ቶ㧘೨ቶ㧘ᚻⴚቶ㧕ߩ૶↪㧝㧕ታ㛎ቶ╬ߩ૶↪ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆߣ߈ߪ㧘᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦ⠉᦬ߩ૶↪੍ቯࠍ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ታ㛎ቶ૶↪㗿‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ ‫ޔ‬㧕ߦ⸥౉ߩ߁߃▤ℂቶߦ↳ߒㄟ߻‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎ቶ╬ߢߩḰ஻㧘ታ㛎⵬ഥࠍⴕ޿㧘⡯ຬߩᜰዉߦࠃࠅᷡ᝹㧘ᢛℂᢛ㗐ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
㧟㧕ᚻⴚౕེ╬ߩṌ⩶ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘▤ℂቶߦㅪ⛊ߒ㜞࿶⫳᳇࡮ࠟࠬṌ⩶ߩ޿ߕ
ࠇ߆ࠍ⸥౉ߒߚ↪⚕ߣߣ߽ߦᚻⴚౕེ╬ࠍ૶↪੍ቯߩ㧞ᣣ೨߹ߢߦᚲቯߩ႐ᚲߦ⟎ߊ‫ޕ‬⡯ຬߪ㧘Ṍ⩶ᓟߩᚻⴚౕེ╬ࠍ૶↪੍ቯᣣ߹ߢߦᚲቯߩ႐ᚲߦḰ஻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧕ዊേ‛ߩಣ⟎㧔ណⴊ࡮ᄖ⑼ᚻⴚ࡮⸃೬╬㧕ߪේೣߣߒߡታ㛎ቶߢⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧕ታ㛎ቶ╬ߩ૶↪⚻⾌ߥࠄ߮ߦ⾉ߒ಴ߒ⚻⾌ߪ⴫  ߦቯ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫㧢㧠(ޯ㧟( ታ㛎ቶ㧔⾉ߒ಴ߒ㧕ᐔ☨නଔ  ౞㧛᦬ߢ⸘▚‫ޕ‬㧔 ᐔ☨㧦‫ޔޔ‬㧘㧘㧘㧕 ৻ㇱደ  ᐔ☨޽ࠆߩߢ‫ ޔ‬౞㧛᦬㧔 ᐔ☨㧦㧕㧠( ታ㛎ቶ᧍㧔⾉ߒ಴ߒ㧕 ౞ޯ ౞㧛᦬࡮㧝᧍㧟( ᚻⴚቶ

 ౞㧛৻ᣣ࡮৻ㇱደ㧞㧜 ታ㛎ቶ╬㧔ታ㛎ቶ㧘೨ቶ㧘ᚻⴚቶ㧕߳ߩᯏེ㘃ߩᜬߜㄟߺ
㧝㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇ታ㛎ቶ╬߳ᯏེ㘃ߪᔅⷐᦨዊ㒢ߩ߽ߩߣߒ㧘੐೨ߦ‫ޟ‬஻ຠ៝౉ዯ಴ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔᭽ᑼ 㧕ࠍ▤ℂቶߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘ᜬߜㄟ߻ౕེ㘃ߪ஻߃ઃߌߩᶖᲥ↪ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞㧔ᶖᲥ⮎㧕ߢྃ㔵ᶖᲥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㧟㧕ታ㛎ቶ╬߳ߩᯏེ㘃ߩᜬߜㄟߺ㧘⛽ᜬ▤ℂ㧘៝಴ߪታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߩ⽿છߦ߅޿ߡⴕ߁‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘៝಴ߪേ‛ታ㛎⚳ੌᓟㅦ߿߆ߦⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧠㧕ᚻⴚቶ╬ߩක≮㈩▤ߦធ⛯ߔࠆࠟࠬࡏࡦࡌߩ▤ℂߪ⡯ຬ߇ⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧞㧝 ታ㛎ౕེ࡮ᯏ᧚ߩ⾉ਈ㧝㧕േ‛ታ㛎ߦ૶↪ߔࠆౕེ㧘ᯏ᧚ߩ߁ߜᣉ⸳߇ᚲ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߪ⾉ਈߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧕ᣉ⸳߇ᚲ᦭ߒߥ޿‛ຠ߿․ᱶߥౕེ㧘ᯏ᧚㘃ߪታ㛎ታᣉ⠪߇Ḱ஻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧞 ᤨ㑆ᄖߩ૶↪㧝㧕ᤨ㑆ᄖߣߪ㧘ᐔᣣߩඦ೨㧥ᤨ߆ࠄ㧝㧣ᤨࠍ㒰ߊᤨ㑆㧘࿯ᦐᣣ㧘ᣣᦐᣣ㧘‫ޟ‬࿖᳃ߩ␸ᣣߦ㑐ߔ
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㗄ࠍክ⼏ߔࠆߚ߼㧘േ‛ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ኾ㐷ㇱળࠍ⟎ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㧟㧚ጘ㒂ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ขᛒⷙ⒟ᐔᚑ㧞㧜ᐕ㧟᦬㧝㧝ᣣⷙ⒟╙㧞㧤ภ
㧔⿰ᣦ㧕╙㧝᧦ߎߩⷙ⒟ߪ㧘ጘ㒂ᄢቇ㧔એਅ‫ᧄޟ‬ቇ‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆേ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍㆡᱜߦⴕ߁ߚ߼㧘േ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળߩ⸳⟎㧘േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߩᛚ⹺ᚻ⛯߈╬ᔅⷐߥ੐㗄ࠍቯ߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘േ‛ߩᗲ⼔෸߮▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞ㧔ᤘ๺ᐕᴺᓞ╙ภ㧕‫ޠ‬㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ᴺ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃෸߮଻▤ਗ߮ߦ⧰∩ߩシᷫߦ㑐ߔࠆၮḰ㧔ᐔᚑᐕⅣႺ⋭๔␜╙ภ㧕‫ޠ‬㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕㧘ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭߇╷ቯߒߚ‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥᯏ㑐╬ߦ߅ߌࠆേ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄᜰ㊎㧔ᐔᚑᐕ᦬㧕‫ޠ‬㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ၮᧄᜰ㊎‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕㧘ౝ㑑ᐭ๔␜ߩ‫ޟ‬േ‛ߩಣಽᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰ㊎‫ޠ‬㧘ߘߩઁߩᴺ઎╬ߦቯ߼߇޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ߶߆㧘ߎߩⷙ⒟ߩቯ߼ࠆߣߎࠈߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦᒰߚߞߡߪ㧘ᴺ෸߮㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰߦහߒ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩේೣߢ޽ࠆઍᦧ
ᴺߩ೑↪㧔⑼ቇ਄ߩ೑↪ߩ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ▸࿐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅേ‛ࠍଏߔࠆᣇ
ᴺߦઍࠊࠅᓧࠆ߽ߩࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬㧕㧘૶↪ᢙߩ೥ᷫ㧔⑼ቇ਄ߩ೑↪ߩ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ▸࿐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅߘߩ೑↪ߦଏߐࠇࠆേ‛ߩᢙࠍዋߥߊߔࠆߎߣ╬ߦࠃࠅታ㛎േ‛ࠍㆡಾߦ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦ㈩ᘦߔࠆߎߣࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬㧕෸߮⧰∩ߩシᷫ㧔⑼ቇ਄ߩ೑↪ߦᔅⷐߥ㒢ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅേ‛ߦ⧰∩ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߎߣࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬㧕ߩ㧟㧾㧔㧾㨑㨜㨘㨍㨏㨑㨙㨑㨚㨠㧘㧾㨑㨐㨡㨏㨠㨕㨛㨚㧘㧾㨑㨒㨕㨚㨑㨙㨑㨚㨠㧕ߦၮߠ߈㧘ㆡᱜߦታᣉߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ቯ⟵㧕╙㧞᧦ߎߩⷙ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᰴߩฦภߦឝߍࠆ↪⺆ߩᗧ⟵ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇᒰ⹥ฦภߦቯ߼ࠆߣߎࠈ
ߦࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬৻‫ޟ‬ㇱዪ‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ฦቇㇱ㧘කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼㧘ㅪวㄘቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧘ㅪว₞කቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧘ㅪวഃ⮎ක≮ᖱႎ⎇ⓥ⑼ᵹၞ࿤⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧘↥ቭቇⲢวᧄㇱ㧘↢๮⑼ቇ✚ว⎇ⓥᡰេ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ੱ₞ᗵᨴ㒐ᓮ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧘వ┵ഃ⮎⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯෸߮කቇㇱ㒝ዻ∛㒮ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ੑ‫ޟ‬ㇱዪ㐳‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘೨ภߦⷙቯߔࠆㇱዪߩ㐳ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ਃ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎╬‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ᰴภߦⷙቯߔࠆታ㛎േ‛ࠍᢎ⢒㧘⹜㛎⎇ⓥ෶ߪ↢‛ቇ⊛⵾೷ߩ⵾ㅧߩ
↪ߘߩઁߩ⑼ቇ਄ߩ೑↪ߦଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬྾‫ޟ‬ታ㛎േ‛‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ታ㛎╬ߩ೑↪ߦଏߔࠆߚ߼㧘ታ㛎ᣉ⸳╬ߢ㘺㙃ߒ㧘෶ߪ଻▤ߒߡ޿ࠆູ
੃㘃㧘㠽㘃෶ߪῬ⯻㘃ߦዻߔࠆേ‛㧔ታ㛎ᣉ⸳╬ߦዉ౉ߔࠆߚ߼ߦャㅍਛߩ߽ߩࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬੖‫ޟ‬ታ㛎ᣉ⸳‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺⢒⧯ߒߊߪ଻▤෶ߪേ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ᣉ⸳ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ 

౐‫ޟ‬㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ታ㛎േ‛ࠍᕡᏱ⊛ߦ㘺㙃⧯ߒߊߪ଻▤෶ߪേ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍⴕ߁ᣉ⸳࡮
⸳஻ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬৾‫ޟ‬ታ㛎ቶ‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦታ㛎ᠲ૞㧔ᤨ㑆એౝߩ৻ᤨ⊛଻▤ࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍⴕ߁േ‛ታ㛎ቶࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬౎‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸘↹ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬਻‫▤ޟ‬ℂ⠪‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ቇ㐳ߩ๮ࠍฃߌ㧘ታ㛎േ‛෸߮ታ㛎ᣉ⸳╬ࠍ▤ℂߔࠆㇱዪ㐳ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ච‫ޟ‬ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ㇱዪ㐳ࠍ⵬૒ߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂෸߮⚻㛎ࠍ᦭ߔࠆታ㛎േ‛ߩ▤ℂࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ⠪ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ච৻‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍታᣉߔࠆ⠪ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬චੑ‫ޟ‬േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോࠍ⛔᜝ߔࠆ⠪ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬චਃ‫ޟ‬㘺㙃ᜂᒰ⠪‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪෶ߪേ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߩਅߢታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃෶ߪ଻▤ߦᓥ੐ߔࠆ⠪ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ච྾‫▤ޟ‬ℂ⠪╬‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ቇ㐳㧘▤ℂ⠪㧘ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬ච౐‫ޟ‬ᜰ㊎╬‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦ㑐ߒߡⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߩቯ߼ࠆၮᧄᜰ㊎෸߮ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬㧔ㆡ↪▸࿐㧕╙㧟᧦ߎߩⷙ⒟ߪ㧘ᧄቇߦ߅޿ߡታᣉߐࠇࠆູ੃㘃㧘㠽㘃㧘Ῥ⯻㘃ߩ↢૕ࠍ↪޿ࠆోߡߩേ‛ታ㛎╬ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉࠍᧄቇએᄖߩᯏ㑐ߦᆔ⸤╬ߔࠆ႐ว㧘ᆔ⸤వߦ߅޿ߡ
߽㧘ၮᧄᜰ㊎෶ߪઁ⋭ᐡߩቯ߼ࠆേ‛ታ㛎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄᜰ㊎ߦၮߠ߈㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬߇ታᣉߐࠇ
ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ቇ㐳ߩ⽿ോ㧕╙㧠᧦ቇ㐳ߪ㧘ᧄቇߦ߅ߌࠆേ‛ታ㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോࠍ✚᜝ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߩᛚ⹺㧘ታᣉ⁁ᴫ෸߮⚿ᨐߩᛠី㧘㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳෸߮ታ㛎ቶߩᛚ⹺㧘ᢎ⢒⸠✵㧘⥄Ꮖὐᬌ㧘⹏ଔ㧘ᖱႎ౏㐿㧘ߘߩઁേ‛ታ㛎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺോߪ㧘ቇ㐳ߩᆔછߦࠃࠅ╙㧡᧦ߦቯ߼ࠆേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ߇ⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧔േ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ㧕╙㧡᧦േ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬ᆔຬળ‫ޕ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧕ߪ㧘ᰴߩฦภߦឝߍࠆ੐㗄ࠍክ⼏෶ߪ⺞ᩏߒ㧘ቇ㐳ߦႎ๔෶ߪഥ⸒ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬৻േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹߇ᜰ㊎╬෸߮ᧄⷙ⒟ߦㆡวߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߩክ⼏ੑേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߩታᣉ⁁ᴫ෸߮⚿ᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ
ਃᣉ⸳╬෸߮ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺⢒଻▤⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ 

྾േ‛ታ㛎෸߮ታ㛎േ‛ߩㆡᱜߥขࠅᛒ޿ਗ߮ߦ㑐ଥᴺ઎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒⸠✵ߩౝኈ෶ߪ૕೙
ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ
੖⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ
౐ߘߩઁ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩㆡᱜߥታᣉߩߚ߼ߩᔅⷐ੐㗄ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ
㧔⚵❱㧕╙㧢᧦ᆔຬળߪ㧘ᰴߩฦภߦឝߍࠆ⠪ࠍ߽ߞߡ⚵❱ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬৻කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼෸߮ᔕ↪↢‛⑼ቇㇱ߆ࠄㆬ಴ߐࠇߚᢎ⢒♽⡯ຬ㧔ታ㛎േ‛෶ߪേ‛ታ㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߦ㒢ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ฦ㧝ੱੑᢎ⢒ቇㇱ෸߮࿾ၞ⑼ቇㇱ߆ࠄㆬ಴ߐࠇߚᢎ⢒♽⡯ຬ㧔ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ࠍኾ᡹ߔࠆᢎ⢒⡯ຬߦ㒢ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ฦ㧝ੱਃᎿቇㇱ߆ࠄㆬ಴ߐࠇߚᢎ⢒♽⡯ຬ㧝ੱ྾േ‛ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆฦㇱዪ㧔⎇ⓥᣉ⸳෸߮౒หᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᡰេᣉ⸳ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬㧕ߩേ‛ታ㛎ߦ៤ࠊࠆᢎ⢒♽⡯ຬߩ߁ߜ߆ࠄㆬ಴ߐࠇߚ⠪ฦ㧝ੱ੖ቇⴚᖱႎㇱ㐳౐ߘߩઁᆔຬળ߇ᔅⷐߣ⹺߼ࠆ⠪㧞೨㗄╙㧝ภ߆ࠄ╙㧠ภ߹ߢ෸߮╙㧢ภߦⷙቯߔࠆᆔຬߪ㧘ቇ㐳߇ᆔབྷߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔છᦼ㧕╙㧣᧦೨᧦╙㧝㗄╙㧝ภ߆ࠄ╙㧠ภ߹ߢ෸߮╙㧢ภߦⷙቯߔࠆᆔຬߩછᦼߪ㧞ᐕߣߒ㧘ౣછࠍᅹߍߥ޿‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ᆔຬߦᰳຬ߇↢ߓߚߣ߈ߩ⵬ᰳᆔຬߩછᦼߪ㧘೨છ⠪ߩᱷછᦼ㑆ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᆔຬ㐳㧕
╙㧤᧦ᆔຬળߦᆔຬ㐳ࠍ⟎ߊ‫ޕ‬㧞ᆔຬ㐳ߪ㧘ᆔຬߩ੕ㆬߦࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ᆔຬ㐳ߪ㧘ᆔຬળࠍ᜗㓸ߒ㧘ߘߩ⼏㐳ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠ᆔຬ㐳ߦ੐᡿߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߪ㧘ᆔຬ㐳߇޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼ᜰฬߔࠆᆔຬ߇ߘߩ⡯ോࠍઍℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ળ⼏㧕╙㧥᧦ᆔຬળߪ㧘ᆔຬߩ㧟ಽߩ㧞એ਄ߩ಴Ꮸࠍ߽ߞߡᚑ┙ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞⼏੐ߪ㧘಴Ꮸᆔຬߩㆊඨᢙߩหᗧࠍ߽ߞߡ᳿ߒ㧘นุหᢙߩߣ߈ߪ㧘⼏㐳ߩ᳿ߔࠆߣߎࠈߦ
ࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧟ᆔຬߪ㧘⥄ࠄ߇േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߣߥࠆേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߩክ⼏ߦടࠊࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔቞⒁⟵ോ㧕╙㧝㧜᧦ᆔຬߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߦ㑐ߒߡ⍮ࠅᓧߚᖱႎࠍ╙㧟⠪ߦṳ߃޿ߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᆔຬએᄖߩ⠪ߩ಴Ꮸ㧕 

╙㧝㧝᧦ᆔຬળ߇ᔅⷐߣ⹺߼ࠆߣ߈ߪ㧘ᆔຬએᄖߩ⠪ߩ಴Ꮸࠍ᳞߼ߡ㧘ߘߩᗧ⷗ࠍ⡬ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ክᩏᆔຬળ㧕╙㧝㧞᧦ᆔຬળߦኾ㐷⊛੐㗄ࠍክ⼏ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᰴߩฦภߦឝߍࠆክᩏᆔຬળࠍ⟎ߊ‫ޕ‬৻කቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼േ‛ታ㛎ክᩏᆔຬળ
ੑᔕ↪↢‛⑼ቇㇱേ‛ታ㛎ክᩏᆔຬળ
㧞ᆔຬળߪ㧘ߘߩቯ߼ࠆߣߎࠈߦࠃࠅ㧘ክᩏᆔຬળߩ⼏᳿ࠍ߽ߞߡᆔຬળߩ⼏᳿ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ክᩏᆔຬળߦ㑐ߒᔅⷐߥ੐㗄ߪ㧘ᆔຬળ߇೎ߦቯ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᐼോ㧕╙㧝㧟᧦ᆔຬળߩᐼോߪ㧘ቇⴚᖱႎㇱ࿖㓙࡮⎇ⓥᡰេ⺖ߦ߅޿ߡಣℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧕╙㧝㧠᧦േ‛ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ㇱዪߦ㧘ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ࠍዋߥߊߣ߽㧝ੱ⟎ߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂෸߮⚻㛎ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߩ߁ߜ߆ࠄ㧘ᒰ⹥ㇱዪ㐳߇છ๮ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ㇱዪ㐳ࠍ⵬૒ߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛෸߮ታ㛎ᣉ⸳ߩ▤ℂࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬㧔േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߩᛚ⹺㧕╙㧝㧡᧦േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦࠃࠅขᓧߐࠇࠆ࠺࡯࠲ߩା㗬ᕈࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘ᰴߦឝߍࠆ੐㗄ࠍ〯߹߃ߡേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ࠍ┙᩺ߒ㧘ᚲቯߩേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠࠍቇ㐳ߦឭ಴ߒߥߌࠇ
߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᒰ⹥⸘↹ߦᄌᦝ࡮ㅊടߩ޽ࠆ႐วߪേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹㧔ᄌᦝ࡮ㅊട㧕ᛚ⹺↳⺧ᦠࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬৻⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛㧘ᗧ⟵෸߮ᔅⷐᕈ
ੑઍᦧᴺࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ࠍㆡಾߦ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ਃታ㛎േ‛ߩ૶↪ᢙ೥ᷫߩߚ߼㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩ⋡⊛ߦㆡߒߚታ㛎േ‛⒳ߩㆬቯ㧘േ‛ታ㛎ᚑ❣
ߩ♖ᐲߣౣ⃻ᕈࠍᏀฝߔࠆታ㛎േ‛ߩᢙ㧘ㆮવቇ⊛෸߮ᓸ↢‛ቇ⊛ຠ⾰ਗ߮ߦ㘺㙃᧦ઙࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬྾⧰∩ߩシᷫߦࠃࠅേ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍㆡಾߦⴕ߁ߎߣ‫ޕ‬੖⧰∩ᐲߩ㜞޿േ‛ታ㛎╬㧘଀߃߫㧘⥌ᱫ⊛ߥᲥᕈ⹜㛎㧘ᗵᨴታ㛎㧘᡼኿✢ᾖ኿ታ㛎╬ࠍⴕ߁႐วߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍ⸘↹ߔࠆᲑ㓏ߢੱ㆏⊛ࠛࡦ࠼ࡐࠗࡦ࠻㧔ታ㛎േ‛ࠍỗߒ޿⧰∩߆ࠄ⸃᡼ߔ
ࠆߚ߼ߩታ㛎ࠍᛂߜಾࠆ࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣ㧕ߩ⸳ቯࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧞ቇ㐳ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪߆ࠄേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠߩឭ಴ࠍฃߌߚߣ߈ߪ㧘ᆔຬળߦክᩏࠍઃ⼏ߒ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍᒰ⹥േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߦㅢ⍮ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㧟േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡቇ㐳ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߚᓟߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ
߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔േ‛ታ㛎ߩታᣉ㧕╙㧝㧢᧦േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦᒰߚߞߡ㧘ᴺ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰ㧘ᜰ㊎╬ߦහߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘․ߦએਅߩ੐㗄ࠍㆩ቞ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻ㆡಾߦ⛽ᜬ▤ℂߐࠇߚᣉ⸳╬ߦ߅޿ߡേ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ‫ޕ‬ੑേ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ᦠߦ⸥タߐࠇߚ੐㗄෸߮ᰴߦឝߍࠆ੐㗄ࠍㆩ቞ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ࠗㆡಾߥ㤗㈮⮎㧘㎾∩⮎╬ߩ೑↪ࡠታ㛎ߩ⚳ੌߩᤨᦼ㧔ੱ㆏⊛ࠛࡦ࠼ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ฽߻㧕ߩ㈩ᘦ
ࡂㆡಾߥⴚᓟ▤ℂ
࠾ㆡಾߥ቟ᭉᱫߩㆬᛯ
ਃ቟ో▤ℂߦᵈᗧࠍᛄ߁ߴ߈ታ㛎㧔‛ℂ⊛㧘ൻቇ⊛ߦෂ㒾ߥ᧚ᢱ㧘∛ේ૕㧘ㆮવሶ⚵឵߃േ‛╬ࠍ↪޿ࠆታ㛎㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㑐ଥᴺ઎╬෸߮ᧄቇߦ߅ߌࠆ㑐ㅪߔࠆⷙ⒟╬ߦᓥ߁ߎߣ‫ޕ‬
྾‛ℂ⊛㧘ൻቇ⊛ߦෂ㒾ߥ᧚ᢱ෶ߪ∛ේ૕╬ࠍᛒ߁േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘቟ోߩߚ߼ߩㆡಾߥ
ᣉ⸳߿⸳஻ࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬੖ታ㛎ታᣉߦవ┙ߜᔅⷐߥታ㛎ᚻᛛ╬ߩ⠌ᓧߦദ߼ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬౐ଚⷅᕈߩ㜞޿ᄢⷙᮨߥሽ๮ᚻⴚߦᒰߚߞߡߪ㧘⚻㛎╬ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߩᜰዉਅߢⴕ߁ߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧞േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎⸘↹ࠍታᣉߒߚᓟ㧘ᚲቯߩ᭽ᑼߦࠃࠅ㧘૶↪േ‛ᢙ㧘⸘↹߆ࠄߩᄌᦝߩ᦭ή㧘ᚑᨐ╬ߦߟ޿ߡቇ㐳ߦႎ๔ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߩ⸳⟎㧕╙㧝㧣᧦㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ࠍ⸳⟎㧔ᄌᦝࠍ฽߻㧕ߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘▤ℂ⠪߇ᚲቯߩ‫ޟ‬㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳⸳⟎ᛚ⹺↳⺧ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ಴ߒ㧘ቇ㐳ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߩ▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ቇ㐳ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߚ㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘ᒰ⹥㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߢߩ㘺㙃⧯ߒߊߪ଻▤෶ߪേ‛ታ㛎╬ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧟ቇ㐳ߪ㧘↳⺧ߐࠇߚ㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ࠍᆔຬળߦ⺞ᩏߐߖ㧘ߘߩഥ⸒ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᛚ⹺߹ߚߪ㕖ᛚ⹺ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߩⷐઙ㧕╙㧝㧤᧦㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳ߪ㧘એਅߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻ㆡಾߥ᷷ᐲ㧘Ḩᐲ㧘឵᳇㧘᣿ࠆߐ╬ࠍ଻ߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ᭴ㅧ╬ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ
࠾േ‛⒳߿㘺㙃଻▤ᢙ╬ߦᔕߓߚ㘺⢒⸳஻ࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ
ਃᐥ߿ౝოߥߤ߇ᷡ᝹㧘ᶖᲥ╬߇ኈᤃߥ᭴ㅧߢ㧘ེ᧚ߩᵞᵺ߿ᶖᲥ╬ࠍⴕ߁ⴡ↢⸳஻ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ
ߎߣ྾ታ㛎േ‛߇ㅺ⿛ߒߥ޿᭴ㅧ෸߮ᒝᐲࠍ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ 

੖⥇᳇㧘㛍㖸㧘ᑄ᫈‛╬ߦࠃࠆ๟ㄝⅣႺ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆភ⟎߇ߣࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
౐ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪߇߅߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
㧔ታ㛎ቶߩ⸳⟎㧕╙㧝㧥᧦㘺㙃଻▤ᣉ⸳એᄖߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ታ㛎ቶࠍ⸳⟎㧔ᄌᦝࠍ฽߻㧕ߔࠆ႐ว㧘▤ℂ⠪߇ᚲቯߩ‫ޟ‬ታ㛎ቶ⸳⟎ᛚ⹺↳⺧ᦠ‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ಴ߒ㧘ቇ㐳ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞ቇ㐳ߪ㧘↳⺧ߐࠇߚታ㛎ቶࠍᆔຬળߦ⺞ᩏߐߖ㧘ߘߩഥ⸒ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᛚ⹺߹ߚߪ㕖ᛚ⹺ࠍ᳿ቯ
ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧟ታ㛎ቶߩ▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ቇ㐳ߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߚታ㛎ቶߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘ᒰ⹥ታ㛎ቶߢߩേ‛ታ㛎╬㧔㧠㧤ᤨ㑆એౝߩ৻ᤨ⊛଻▤ࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎ቶߩⷐઙ㧕╙㧞㧜᧦ታ㛎ቶߪ㧘એਅߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻ታ㛎േ‛߇ㅺ⿛ߒߥ޿᭴ㅧ෸߮ᒝᐲࠍ᦭ߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛߇ቶౝߢㅺ⿛ߒߡ߽᝝₪ߒ߿ߔ޿ⅣႺ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
࠾ឃᴭ‛߿ⴊᶧ╬ߦࠃࠆᳪᨴߦኻߒߡᷡ᝹߿ᶖᲥ߇ኈᤃߥ᭴ㅧߢ޽ࠆߎߣ
ਃᏱߦᷡẖߥ⁁ᘒࠍ଻ߜ㧘⥇᳇㧘㛍㖸㧘ᑄ᫈‛╬ߦࠃࠆ๟ㄝⅣႺ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆភ⟎߇ߣࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔▤ℂ⠪ߩ⽿ോ㧕╙㧞㧝᧦▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩㆡᱜߥ▤ℂਗ߮ߦേ‛ታ㛎╬ߩㆀⴕߦᔅⷐߥᣉ⸳╬ߩ⛽ᜬ▤ℂ෸߮ᡷༀߦദ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ᣉ⸳╬ߩᑄᱛ㧕╙㧞㧞᧦ᣉ⸳╬ࠍᑄᱛߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘▤ℂ⠪߇ᚲቯߩ‫ޟ‬ᣉ⸳╬ᑄᱛዯ‫ࠍޠ‬ቇ㐳ߦዯߌ಴ߥߌࠇ߫
ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ㧘േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪ߣදജߒ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ਛߩታ㛎േ‛ࠍઁߩ㘺㙃଻▤
ᣉ⸳ߦ⼑ࠅᷰߔࠃ߁ദ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬╙㧞㧟᧦▤ℂ⠪෸߮ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ߩࡑ࠾ࡘࠕ࡞ࠍቯ߼㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߦ๟⍮ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎േ‛ߩஜᐽ෸߮቟ోߩ଻ᜬ㧕╙㧞㧠᧦ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪㧘㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰࠍㆩ቞ߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩஜᐽ෸߮቟ోߩ଻ᜬߦദ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎േ‛ߩዉ౉㧕╙㧞㧡᧦▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩዉ౉ߦᒰߚࠅ㧘㑐ㅪᴺ઎߿ᜰ㊎╬ߦၮߠ߈ㆡᱜߦ▤ℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᯏ㑐ࠃࠅዉ౉ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩዉ౉ߦᒰߚࠅ㧘ㆡಾߥᬌ∉㧘㓒㔌㘺⢒╬ࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㧟ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃ⅣႺ߳ߩ㗅ൻ࡮㗅ᔕࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ߩᔅⷐߥភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺⢒࡮▤ℂ㧕╙㧞㧢᧦ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ↢ℂ㧘↢ᘒ㧘⠌ᕈ╬ߦᔕߓߡ㧘ㆡಾߦ⛎㙄࡮⛎᳓ࠍⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬╙㧞㧣᧦ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎⋡⊛એᄖߩ்ኂ߿∔∛ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦᔅⷐߥஜᐽ▤ℂߦ㈩ᘦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎⋡⊛એᄖߩ்ኂ߿∔∛ߦ߆߆ߞߚ႐ว㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߦㆡಾߥᴦ≮╬ࠍⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬╙㧞㧤᧦ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘⇣⒳෶ߪⶄᢙߩታ㛎േ‛ࠍห৻ᣉ⸳
ౝߢ㘺㙃㧘଻▤ߔࠆ႐ว㧘ߘߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠍ⠨ᘦߒ㧘෼ኈߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬╙㧞㧥᧦▤ℂ⠪╬ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ౉ᚻవ㧘㘺⢒ጁᱧ㧘∛ᱧ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߒ㧘଻ሽߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ᐕᐲߏߣߦ㘺㙃଻▤ߒߚታ㛎േ‛ߩ⒳㘃ߣᢙ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᆔຬળߦႎ๔ߒߥߌࠇ
߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ታ㛎േ‛ߩ⼑ᷰ㧕╙㧟㧜᧦▤ℂ⠪╬ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ⼑ᷰߦᒰߚࠅ㧘ߘߩ․ᕈ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ߩᣇᴺ㧘ᗵᨴᕈ∔∛╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬╙㧟㧝᧦▤ℂ⠪╬ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩャㅍߦᒰߚࠅ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰࠍㆩ቞ߒ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩஜᐽ෸߮
቟ోߩ⏕଻㧘ੱ߳ߩෂኂ㒐ᱛߦദ߼ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔ෂኂ㒐ᱛ㧕╙㧟㧞᧦▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ㅺ⿛ߒߚታ㛎േ‛ߩ᝝₪ߩᣇᴺ╬ࠍቯ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ੱߦෂኂࠍട߃ࠆ╬ߩᕟࠇߩ޽ࠆታ㛎േ‛߇ᣉ⸳╬ᄖߦㅺ⿛ߒߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ㅦ߿߆ߦቇⴚᖱႎㇱ߳ㅪ⛊ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧟▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪߇㧘ታ㛎േ‛↱᧪ߩᗵᨴ∝෸߮ታ㛎േ‛ߦࠃࠆຏ்╬ߦኻߒߡ㧘੍㒐෸߮⊒↢ᤨߩᔅⷐߥភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧠▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘Ქ߳߮╬ߩ᦭Ქേ‛ߩ㘺㙃෶ߪ଻▤ࠍߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘ੱ߳ߩෂኂߩ⊒↢ߩ㒐ᱛߩߚ߼㧘㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰߦၮߠ߈ᔅⷐߥ੐㗄ࠍ೎ㅜቯ߼ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧡▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃߿േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦ㑐ଥߩߥ޿⠪߇ታ㛎േ‛╬ߦធ⸅ߒߥ޿ࠃ
߁㧘ᔅⷐߥភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔✕ᕆᤨߩኻᔕ㧕╙㧟㧟᧦▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘࿾㔡㧘Ἣἴ╬ߩ✕ᕆᤨߦၫࠆߴ߈ភ⟎ߩ⸘↹ࠍ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼૞ᚑߒ㧘㑐ଥ⠪ߦኻߒߡ๟⍮ࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ 

㧞▤ℂ⠪ߪ㧘✕ᕆ੐ᘒ⊒↢ᤨߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ଻⼔㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩㅺ⿛ߦࠃࠆෂኂ㒐ᱛߦദ߼ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔ᢎ⢒⸠✵㧕╙㧟㧠᧦ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪෸߮㘺㙃⠪ߪ㧘એਅߩ੐㗄ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘േ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ߇ታᣉߔࠆᢎ⢒⸠✵ࠍฃߌߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻㑐ㅪᴺ઎㧘ᜰ㊎╬࠾േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩᣇᴺ
ਃታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃଻▤ᣇᴺ
྾቟ో⏕଻㧘቟ో▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄੖ߘߩઁ㧘ㆡಾߥേ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄㧞ᢎ⢒⸠✵ߩታᣉᣣ㧘ᢎ⢒ౝኈ㧘⻠Ꮷ෸߮ฃ⻠⠪ฬߪ㧘ቇⴚᖱႎㇱ߇⸥㍳ߒ଻ሽߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔⥄Ꮖὐᬌ㧕╙㧟㧡᧦ᆔຬળߪ㧘ၮᧄᜰ㊎߳ߩㆡวᕈߦ㑐ߒ㧘⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔࠍⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞ᆔຬળߪ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߩታᣉ⁁ᴫ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍቇ㐳ߦႎ๔ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧟ᆔຬળߪ㧘▤ℂ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎ታᣉ⠪㧘േ‛ታ㛎⽿છ⠪㧘ታ㛎േ‛▤ℂ⠪ਗ߮ߦ㘺㙃⠪╬ߦ㧘⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩ⾗ᢱࠍឭ಴ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠ቇ㐳ߪ㧘⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔߩ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ቇᄖߩ⠪ߦࠃࠆᬌ⸽ࠍฃߌࠆࠃ߁ദ߼ࠆ߽ߩߣߔ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᖱႎߩ౏㐿㧕╙㧟㧢᧦ᧄቇߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ㧔േ‛ታ㛎╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ⒟㧘ታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃଻▤⁁ᴫ㧘⥄Ꮖὐᬌ࡮⹏ଔ㧘ᬌ⸽ߩ⚿ᨐ╬ߩ౏㐿ᣇᴺ╬㧕ࠍᲤᐕ㧝࿁⒟ᐲ౏⴫ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔Ḱ↪㧕╙㧟㧣᧦╙㧞᧦╙㧡ภߦቯ߼ࠆታ㛎േ‛એᄖߩേ‛ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆേ‛ታ㛎╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㘺㙃଻▤ၮḰߩ⿰ᣦߦᴪߞߡⴕߥ߁ࠃ߁ദ߼ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔ㆡ↪㒰ᄖ㧕╙㧟㧤᧦⇓↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㘺㙃▤ℂߩᢎ⢒⧯ߒߊߪ⹜㛎⎇ⓥ෶ߪ⇓↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⢒⒳ᡷ⦟ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚታ㛎േ‛㧔৻⥸ߦ㧘↥ᬺ↪ኅ⇓ߣ⷗ߥߐࠇࠆേ‛⒳ߦ㒢ࠆ㧕ߩ㘺㙃෶ߪ଻▤㧘෸߮↢ᘒߩⷰኤࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚታ㛎േ‛ߩ㘺㙃෶ߪ଻▤ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᧄⷙ⒟ࠍㆡ↪ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧔㔀ೣ㧕╙㧟㧥᧦ߎߩⷙ⒟ߦቯ߼ࠆ߽ߩߩ߶߆㧘േ‛ታ㛎ߦ㑐ߒᔅⷐߥ੐㗄ߪ㧘೎ߦቯ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 

㒝ೣ㧝ߎߩⷙ⒟ߪ㧘ᐔᚑ㧞㧜ᐕ㧟᦬㧝㧝ᣣ߆ࠄᣉⴕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞ጘ㒂ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ⷙ⒟㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧥ᐕⷙ⒟╙㧡㧣ภ㧕෸߮ጘ㒂ᄢቇേ‛ታ㛎ᆔຬળ⚦ೣ㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧥ᐕ⚦ೣ╙㧡㧡ภ㧕ߪ㧘ᑄᱛߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㒝ೣߎߩⷙ⒟ߪᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ߆ࠄᣉⴕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㒝ೣߎߩⷙ⒟ߪᐔᚑᐕ᦬ᣣ߆ࠄᣉⴕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㒝ೣߎߩⷙ⒟ߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߆ࠄᣉⴕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  