USB-2408-2AO

24-Bit Multifunction Temperature and Voltage Device

User's Guide

May 2020. Rev 3© Measurement Computing Corporation

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Measurement Computing Corporation, InstaCal, Universal Library, and the Measurement Computing logo areeither trademarks or registered trademarks of Measurement Computing Corporation. Refer to the Copyrights &Trademarks section on mccdaq.com/legal for more information about Measurement Computing trademarks.
Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective
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reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, by
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Corporation.
NoticeMeasurement Computing Corporation does not authorize any Measurement Computing Corporation product for
use in life support systems and/or devices without prior written consent from Measurement Computing
Corporation. Life support devices/systems are devices or systems that, a) are intended for surgical implantation
into the body, or b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result ininjury. Measurement Computing Corporation products are not designed with the components required and are
not subject to the testing required to ensure a level of reliability suitable for the treatment and diagnosis ofpeople.

HM USB-2408-2AO.docx

2

Table of Contents
Preface

About this User's Guide ....................................................................................................................... 5
What you will learn from this user's guide ......................................................................................................... 5
Conventions in this user's guide ......................................................................................................................... 5
Where to find more information ......................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 1

Introducing the USB-2408-2AO ........................................................................................................... 6
Functional block diagram ................................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 2

Installing the USB-2408-2AO................................................................................................................ 7
Unpacking........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Installing the software ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Installing the hardware ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Calibrating .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Factory calibration ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Field calibration ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Chapter 3

Functional Details ................................................................................................................................. 8External components .......................................................................................................................................... 8
USB connector .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
LEDs ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Screw terminals................................................................................................................................................................. 8

Input isolation ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Signal connections ............................................................................................................................................ 10

Analog/TC input ..............................................................................................................................................................10
Analog output ..................................................................................................................................................................14
Digital I/O ........................................................................................................................................................................14
Counter input ...................................................................................................................................................................17
Ground .............................................................................................................................................................................17

Mechanical drawings ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Chapter 4

Specifications ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Analog input ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Channel configurations ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Thermocouple sensors .....................................................................................................................................................20

Accuracy ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Thermocouple measurement accuracy .............................................................................................................................20
Analog input DC voltage measurement accuracy ............................................................................................................21
Input bandwidth ...............................................................................................................................................................22
Noise performance ...........................................................................................................................................................22
Channel switching error ...................................................................................................................................................23

Throughput rate ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Analog voltage output ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Analog input/output calibration ........................................................................................................................ 25
Digital input/output........................................................................................................................................... 26
Counter ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Memory ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Microcontroller ................................................................................................................................................. 27
Power ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

USB specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Environmental .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Mechanical ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
Screw terminal connector ................................................................................................................................. 28
Differential mode pinout ..................................................................................................................................................29
Single-ended mode pinout ...............................................................................................................................................30

EU Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................................ 31

4

Preface

About this User's Guide
What you will learn from this user's guideThis user's guide describes the Measurement Computing USB-2408-2AO data acquisition device and lists
device specifications.

Conventions in this user's guide
For more information
Text presented in a box signifies additional information and helpful hints related to the subject matter you arereading.
Caution! Shaded caution statements present information to help you avoid injuring yourself and others,
damaging your hardware, or losing your data.
bold text

Bold text is used for the names of objects on a screen, such as buttons, text boxes, and check boxes.

italic text

Italic text is used for the names of manuals and help topic titles, and to emphasize a word or phrase.

Where to find more information
Additional information about USB-2408-2AO hardware is available on our website at www.mccdaq.com. You
can also contact Measurement Computing Corporation by phone, fax, or email with specific questions.


Knowledgebase: kb.mccdaq.com
Tech support form: www.mccdaq.com/support/support_form.aspx
Email: techsupport@mccdaq.com
Phone: 508-946-5100 and follow the instructions for reaching Tech Support

For international customers, contact your local distributor. Refer to the International Distributors section on our
website at www.mccdaq.com/International.

5Introducing the USB-2408-2AO

Chapter 1

The USB-2408-2AO is a USB 2.0 high-speed device that provides the following features:







16 single-ended (SE) or eight differential (DIFF) analog input channels
o Up to eight analog inputs can be configured for thermocouples measurements
Two 16-bit analog output channels
Eight digital I/O channels
Two counter channels (32-bit) that count TTL pulses
500 VDC input isolation between field wiring and the USB interface.
Screw terminals for field wiring connections

The USB-2408-2AO is powered by the +5 volt USB supply from your computer; no external power is required.
A USB cable is shipped with the device.

Functional block diagram
USB-2408-2AO functions are illustrated in the block diagram shown here.

Figure 1. Functional block diagram

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Installing the USB-2408-2AO

Chapter 2

UnpackingAs with any electronic device, you should take care while handling to avoid damage from static
electricity. Before removing the device from its packaging, ground yourself using a wrist strap or by simply
touching the computer chassis or other grounded object to eliminate any stored static charge.
Contact us immediately if any components are missing or damaged.

Installing the software
Refer to the MCC DAQ Quick Start and the USB-2408-2AO product page on our website for information about
the software supported by the USB-2408-2AO.
Install the software before the hardware
The driver needed to run the USB-2408-2AO is installed with the software. Therefore, you need to install thesoftware package you plan to use before you install the hardware.

Installing the hardware
To connect a USB-2408-2AO to your system, turn on your computer and connect the USB cable to an available
USB port on the computer or to an external USB hub connected to the computer. Connect the other end of theUSB cable to the USB connector on the device. No external power is required.
When you connect the device for the first time, a Found New Hardware dialog opens when the operating
system detects the device. The dialog closes after the device is installed.
A green Status LED indicates the device status. When the LED is on, the device is powered and ready for
operation. If the LED is not on, the device is not powered or did not initialize.
Figure 2 on page 8 shows the location of the STATUS LED.
Caution! Do not disconnect any device from the USB bus while the computer is communicating with thedevice, or you may lose data and/or your ability to communicate with the device.
If the Status LED turns off
If the Status LED turns on but then turns off, the computer has lost communication with the USB-2408-2AO.
To restore communication, disconnect the USB cable from the computer and then reconnect it. This should
restore communication, and the Status LED should turn on.

Calibrating
Factory calibration
The Measurement Computing Manufacturing Test department performs the initial factory calibration. Contact
Measurement Computing for details about how to return your device and have it calibrated to the factory
specifications.

Field calibration
The USB-2408-2AO supports field calibration. You should calibrate the device with InstaCal whenever theambient temperature changes by more than ±10 °C from the last calibration.

7

Chapter 3

Functional Details
External components
The USB-2408-2AO has the following external components:USB connector
LEDs
Screw terminals

Figure 2 shows the location of each component.

1
2
3

Screw terminal pins 23 to 44
Status LED
Activity LED

45

USB Connector
Screw terminal pins 1 to 22

Figure 2. USB-2408-2AO external components

USB connector
The USB connector provides 5 V power and communication. No external power supply is required.

LEDs
The USB-2408-2AO has two LEDs – STATUS and ACTIVITY.
The Status LED is lit when the device is detected and installed on the computer.
The Activity LED indicates the communication status of a device. This LED blinks when data is transferredand is off when the device is not communicating.

Screw terminals
The USB-2408-2AO has two banks of screw terminals that provide the following connections:







16 SE (CH0 to CH15) or eight DIFF (CH0H/CH0L to CH7H/CH7L) analog inputs
Eight DIO bits (DI00 to DI07)
Two analog outputs (AOUT0, AOUT1)
Two counter inputs (CTR0, CTR1)
One power output (+5V)
Analog ground (AGND), digital ground (DGND), and chassis ground (CHAS)

The single-ended mode pinout is shown in Figure 3, and the differential mode pinout is shown in Figure 4.

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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Functional Details

Figure 3. SE mode pinout

Figure 4. DIFF mode pinout

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Functional Details

Input isolation
The USB-2408-2AO is an isolated data acquisition device in which the analog I/O, digital I/O, counters, and all
the digital control/timing are referenced to an isolated ground; refer to Figure 5. This ground is physically andelectrically separate from the ground used by the circuit connected to the system bus interface.
Isolation provides a barrier between the host computer and potentially hazardous voltages by physically andelectrically separating two parts of the measurement device.
The non-isolated ground is common to the chassis ground of the computer, while the isolated ground is not.
All analog measurements are made relative to the isolated ground.

Figure 5. Input isolation diagram

When making measurements in industrial environments, DAQ devices can encounter hazardous voltages,
transients, large common mode voltages and fluctuating ground potentials. Any one of these issues canseriously degrade the measurement accuracy of the device and possibly damage the measurement instrument.
To overcome these issues, some DAQ devices provide physical and electrical isolation. Some of the benefits ofisolation include:

Safety: A DAQ device employing physical and electrical isolation helps to keep high voltages andtransients from damaging the system-side host computer.
Ground loops: Improper grounding of the signal source that the DAQ device is measuring is one of themost common sources of noise and measurement inaccuracies. Isolation improves the measurement
accuracy by physically preventing ground loops. Ground loops – a common source of noise and error – arethe results of a measurement system having multiple grounds at different potentials.
Common mode rejection: With isolation, a DAQ device can measure small signals in the presence of largecommon mode voltages. Isolation increases the ability of the measurement system to reject common mode
voltages. The common mode voltage is the signal that is common to both the positive and negative inputsof the measurement device but is not part of the signal to measure.

Signal connections
Analog/TC input
Each analog input channel has the following measurement parameters:Voltage input range
TC type J, K, T, E, R, S, B, or N

You can select a unique input range or signal type for each channel. For example, one channel could be used forvolts and another for temperature.

10USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Functional Details

Analog input mode
You can configure the analog inputs for SE or DIFF mode. The input voltage range is software selectable for±10 V, ±5 V, ±2.5 V, ±1.25 V, ±0.625 V, ±0.312 V, ±0.156 V, or ±0.078 V.
With SE mode, connect up to 16 inputs to screw terminals CH0 to CH15. SE mode requires two wires:

Connect one wire to the signal you want to measure (CHx).
Connect one wire to the analog ground reference (AGND).

Refer to Figure 3 on page 9 for the location of the SE inputs.
With DIFF mode, connect up to eight differential inputs to screw terminals CH0H/CH0L to CH7H/CH7L.
DIFF mode requires two wires plus a ground reference:Connect one wire to the high/positive signal (CHxH).
Connect one wire to the low/negative signal (CHxL).
Connect one wire to the analog ground reference (AGND).

Refer to Figure 4 on page 9 for the location of the DIFF inputs.
When connecting DIFF voltage inputs to a "floating" voltage source, make sure there is a DC return path fromeach voltage input to ground. You make this path by connecting a resistor from each low channel input to an
AGND pin. A value of approximately 100 kΩ can be used for most applications. This does not apply tochannels configured for TC input, as they have their own internal reference.
Leave unused input channels either floating or tied to an AGND terminal. Source impedances should be kept as
small as possible to avoid settling time and accuracy errors.
Figure 6 shows a DIFF voltage connection using a ground path resistor.

Figure 6. DIFF voltage connection with ground path resistor

Channel-gain queue
The USB-2408-2AO channel-gain queue feature allows you to configure a list of channels, modes, and gains foreach scan. The settings are stored in a channel-gain queue list that is written to local memory on the device.
The channel-gain queue list contains one or more channel numbers and range settings. You can configure up to64 elements. The channels can be listed in any order and can include duplicate channels for sampling atdifferent ranges.

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Functional Details

An example of a 12-element list is shown in the table below.
Sample channel-gain queue list
Element

Channel

Range

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

CH0
CH1
CH0
CH4
CH8
CH0
CH1
CH7
CH0
CH15
CH9
CH10

BIP10V
BIP5V
BIP2Pt5VOLTS
BIP2Pt5VOLTS
BIP2Pt5VOLTS
BIP5V
BIP1Pt25VOLTS
BIP5V
BIP1Pt25VOLTS
BIP10VBIP1Pt25VOLTS
BIP2Pt5VOLTS

Carefully match the gain to the expected voltage range on the associated channel or an over range condition
may occur. Although this condition does not damage the device, it does produce a useless full-scale reading,and can introduce a long recovery time due to saturation of the input channel.
For more information about analog signal connections
For more information about analog input connections, refer to the Guide to DAQ Signal Connections on our
website at www.mccdaq.com/support/DAQ-Signal-Connections.aspx.
TC input mode
You can make up to eight high-resolution differential thermocouple measurements. Built-in cold-junction
compensation (CJC) sensors are provided for each of the screw-terminal blocks, and any supported TC type canbe attached to any of the 8 TC channels.
Thermocouple measurements require a differential mode configuration
Do not connect thermocouples as single-ended, as doing so may result in false readings.
You do not need to use ground-referencing resistors for TC inputs because the analog front-end circuit levelshifts the TC output into the common-mode input range of the A/D.
An open thermocouple detection feature can be enabled with software to detect whether an open-circuit
condition exists at a TC sensor.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is provided for each TC input. Follow standard ESD practices anddischarge any accumulated ESD charge before handling TC sensors.
Warm up
After connecting a thermocouple sensor and selecting configuration options, allow the USB-2408-2AO to warm
up for 45 minutes before taking measurements. This warm up time minimizes thermal drift and achieves the
specified rated accuracy of measurements.
Built-in cold junction compensation (CJC) automatically compensates for the additional thermal EMFs
generated by connecting the TC leads to the device terminal blocks. CJC is performed using a high-resolution
temperature sensor connected close to the device terminal blocks. The device includes two separate CJC sensors– one on each side of the PCB. Software corrects for the additional TCs created at the terminals.
Once A/D and CJC data is collected, application software uses this data to linearize to an accurate temperature
reading. The TC linearization uses the latest NIST linearization coefficients for each supported TC type.
When configuring TC sensors, keep any stray capacitance as small as possible relative to AGND; this helps to
avoid settling time and accuracy errors. TC channels do not provide a return path to ground as this is doneinternally.
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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

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Figure 7 shows a typical TC connection.

Figure 7. DIFF TC connection example

Noise filtering, data rate and throughput rate
Although the USB-2408-2AO A/D converter has a maximum data rate of 3,750 samples per second, the actual
throughput rate you observe for voltage and temperature data is determined by these formulas:Maximum single-channel throughput:Maximum multiple-channel throughput:

where n is the number of channels
Refer to the "Throughput rate" section in the Specifications chapter for details.
This drop-off in throughput rate is due to the noise filtering feature in the device. You can control the amount of
the noise filtering by adjusting the data rate setting. By reducing the data rate, the averaging of samples
increases, and noise drops correspondingly.
Figure 8 illustrates this inverse relationship. This graph applies to the A/D converter only – do not expect thislevel of performance from the USB-2408-2AO.

Figure 8. A/D converter data rate vs. noise graphIf low noise is your main concern, you can operate the USB-2408-2AO at very low data rates, starting from
2.5 (S/s). At low rates, much of the noise is averaged out of the data, and issues such as reference noise becomeless important.
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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

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At higher data rates, higher-frequency noise sources are not averaged out and begin to be troublesome. These
noise sources include the noise inherent in the A/D converter itself, which is not reducible.
Since TCs can pick up noise in your environment, select a data rate based on the primary noise frequency. For
example, to reduce the effect of 60 Hz noise, select a data rate of 60 (or a supported submultiple of 60, such as
10 or 5).
Multiple-channel throughput rates
When sampling multiple channels at different sample rates, note that the channels are sampled within the same
sample window based on the channel with the lowest sample rate.
For example, if you set a 10 Hz data rate for channel 0, and a 50 Hz data rate for channel 1, basically, bothchannels pass the same number of samples per second to the host computer. However, more averaging is
performed on channel 0 samples; therefore, channel 0 is sampled at a higher resolution.
The USB-2408-2AO A/D converter performs averaging, and the number of averages equals 30,000/data rate.
Figure 9 shows an example of the relationship between data rate and resolution. In this example, channel 0 is
sampled 3,000 times over 100 ms, and all samples are averaged into one sample. Then channel 1 is sampled 600
times over 20 ms, and the samples are averaged into one sample. The final samples are available at a maximum
rate of approximately 8 Hz (8.245 Hz).

Figure 9. Data rate vs. resolution example

Analog output
The USB-2408-2AO has two 16-bit analog outputs (AOUT0 and AOUT1). Both outputs can be updated
simultaneously at a rate of 500 S/s per channel. One output can be updated at a rate of 1000 S/s. The output
range is fixed at ±10 V. The outputs default to 0 V when the host computer is shut down or suspended, or whena reset command is issued to the device.

Digital I/O
You can connect up to eight digital I/O lines to DIO0 through DIO7. The digital I/O terminals can detect thestate of any TTL-level input.
Digital input voltage ranges of up to 0 to +15 V are permitted, with thresholds of 0.6 V (low) and 2.2 V (high).
Each DIO channel is an open-drain, which, when used as an output, is capable of sinking up to 150 mA for
direct drive applications.

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Figure 10 shows a typical DIO connection.

Figure 10. Digital output connection example

The maximum sink current is 150 mA per 8-channel bank, or if all eight channels are used, 18 mA (maximum)
per channel.
Internal pull-up/pull-down capability
Unconnected inputs are pulled high by default to 5 V using 47 kΩ resistors through jumper J6 on the circuitboard. The pull-up/pull-down voltage is common to all 47 kΩ resistors. Complete the following steps toconfigure these inputs.
Caution! The discharge of static electricity can damage some electronic components. Before removing theUSB-2408-2AO from its housing, ground yourself using a wrist strap or touch the computer
chassis or other grounded object to eliminate any stored static charge.
To open the case and set the J6 jumper, do the following.
1.

Turn the device over and rest the top of the housing on a flat, stable surface.

2.

Peel off the four rubber feet on the bottom of the device to access the screws.

3.

Remove the four screws from the bottom of the device.

4.

Hold both the top and bottom sections together, turn the device over and rest it on the surface, thencarefully remove the top section of the case to expose the circuit board.

5.

Configure jumper J6 for either pull-up (pins 1-2) or pull-down (pins 2-3). The jumper is configured bydefault for pull-up. Figure 11 shows the location of the jumper on the board.

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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Functional Details

Figure 11. J6 jumper location
Figure 12 shows the jumper configured for pull-up and pull-down.

Figure 12. J6 jumper configurations

6.

Replace the top section of the case and fasten it to the bottom section with the four screws. Replace therubber feet.

For more information about digital signal connections
For general information about digital signal connections and digital I/O techniques, refer the Guide to DAQ
Signal Connections on our website at www.mccdaq.com/support/DAQ-Signal-Connections.aspx.
The pull-up/pull-down voltage is common to all of the internal 47 kΩ resistors.

16USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Functional Details

External pull-up/pull-down capability
You can place an external pull-up resistor on any of the DIO bits and pull the DIO bit up to a voltage thatexceeds the internal +5 V pull-up voltage. A diagram of this scenario is shown in Figure 13.
When using external pull-up resistors, be aware of the following:You should either remove the J6 jumper or store it by attaching it to one of the three pins.
The internal resistors cause a slight voltage impedance shift to digital lines in the "on" state as various lineschange between the on/off states.

Figure 13. Digital I/O external resistor configuration

Counter input
The CTR0 and CTR1 terminals are 32-bit event counters that can accept frequency inputs up to 1 MHz. Theinternal counter increments when the TTL levels transition from low to high.

GroundThe analog ground (AGND) terminals provide a common ground for all analog channels.
The digital ground (GND) terminals provide a common ground for the digital and counter channels and thepower terminal.

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Mechanical drawings

Figure 14. USB-2408-2AO circuit board (top) and enclosure dimensions

18

Chapter 4

Specifications

All specifications are subject to change without notice.
Typical for 25 °C unless otherwise specified.
Specifications apply to all temperature and voltage input channels unless otherwise specified.
Specifications in italic text are guaranteed by design.

Analog input
Table 1. General analog input specifications
Parameter

Conditions

A/D converter typeA/D data rates

ADS1256, 24-bit Sigma Delta
3750 S/s, 2000 S/s, 1000 S/s, 500 S/s, 100 S/s, 60 S/s, 50 S/s,
25 S/s, 10 S/s, 5 S/s, 2.5 S/s Single channel: 2.5 S/s to 1102.94 S/s (software-selectable)
 Multiple channels: 0.16 S/s to 551.47 S/s (softwareselectable)
See Table 11 and Table 12 for details.
16 single-ended or 8 differential (software-selectable).
Thermocouples require differential mode. For each channel
configured as differential, you essentially lose two single-ended
channels.
500 VDC min between field wiring and USB interface
Temperature sensor input, software-selectable to match sensor
type
Voltage input

Throughput

Number of channels

Input isolation
Channel configurations

Input voltage range

Absolute maximum input
voltage

Thermocouple mode

±0.078125 V

Voltage mode (Note 1)±10 V, ±5 V, ±2.5 V, ±1.25 V, ±0.625 V, ±0.3125 V,±0.15625 V, ±0.078125 V (software-selectable)
 ±22 V max (power on)
 ±10 V max (power off)
 10 MΩ (power on)
 390 Ω (power off)
±20 nA

CxH-CxL relative to
GND

Input impedance
Input leakage current
Input voltage >±30 V(power on/off)
Input capacitance
Maximum working voltage(signal + common mode)
Common mode rejection
ratio (Note 1)

ADC resolution
Crosstalk
Input coupling
Channel gain queue
Warm-up time
Open thermocouple detect
CJC sensor accuracy

Specification

Voltage mode
Thermocouple mode,(fIN = 60 Hz)
Voltage mode,(fIN = 60 Hz, all input
ranges)Adj chan, DIFF mode
Up to 64 elements

15 °C to 35 °C±1 µA max
590 pf±10.25 V max
110 dB
90 dB
24 bits
100 dBDC
Software-selectable channel and range
45 minutes min
Software-selectable for each channel.
±0.5 °C typ19

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Parameter
Note 1:

Conditions

Specification

0 °C to 55 °C±1.0 °C max

Placing a notch of the A/D digital filter at 60 Hz (setting A/D data rate = 60 S/s, 10 S/s, 5 S/s or 2.5 S/s) further
improves the common mode rejection of this frequency.

Channel configurations
When any item is changed, the firmware stores channel configurations in the EEPROM of the isolated
microcontroller. An external application issues commands over the USB to make changes, and the configuration
is made non-volatile through the use of the EEPROM.
When connecting differential voltage inputs to a floating voltage source, provide a DC return path from eachvoltage input to ground. To do this, connect a resistor from each input to an AGND pin. A value ofapproximately 100 kΩ can be used for most applications. Leave unused input channels either floating or tied to
AGND. For each voltage/thermocouple channel configured as differential, you essentially lose one single-ended
channel.
Keep source impedances as small as possible to avoid settling time and accuracy errors.
Table 2. Channel configurations
ChannelCategory

Specification

CxH/CxL
CxH/CxL
CxH/CxL

Thermocouple
Voltage
Voltage

8 differential channels
16 individually-configurable channels that can be configured as either single-ended or
8 differential.

Thermocouple sensors
Table 3. Compatible thermocouple sensor specifications
Parameter

Specification

Thermocouple

J: –210 °C to 1200 °C
K: –270 °C to 1372 °C
R: –50 °C to 1768 °C
S: –50 °C to 1768 °C
T: –270 °C to 400 °C
N: –270 °C to 1300 °C
E: –270 °C to 1000 °C
B: 0 °C to 1820 °C

Accuracy
Thermocouple measurement accuracy
Thermocouple measurement accuracy specifications include polynomial linearization error, cold-junction
compensation measurement error, and are for sample rates up to 60S/s. These specs are for one year, or 3000
operating hours, whichever comes first.
There is a CJC sensor for each terminal block of the module. The accuracy listed below assumes the screw
terminals are at the same temperature as the CJC sensor.
The accuracy errors shown do not include the inherent accuracy error of the thermocouple sensor itself. Contact
your thermocouple supplier for details on the actual thermocouple sensor accuracy limitations.
Connect thermocouples to the USB-2408-2AO such that they are floating with respect to AGND. To avoid
settling time and accuracy errors, keep any stray capacitance relative to AGND as small as possible.
The AGND and DGND pins are isolated from earth ground. You can connect thermocouple sensors to voltages
referenced to earth ground as long as isolation between the AGND/DGND pins and earth ground is maintained.
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USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Table 4. Thermocouple accuracy specifications, including CJC measurement error. All specifications are (±).
Thermocouple
J

K

N

R

S

B

E

T

Sensor temperature
range

Accuracy error,
maximum

Accuracy error,
typical–210 °C
0 °C
1200 °C–210 °C
0 °C
1372 °C–200 °C
0 °C
1300 °C–50 °C
250 °C
1768 °C–50 °C
250 °C
1768 °C
250 °C
700 °C
1820 °C–200 °C
0 °C
1000 °C–200 °C
0 °C
400 °C

2.572 °C
0.935 °C
1.869 °C
2.917 °C
1.017 °C
2.478 °C
3.480°C
1.201 °C
1.991 °C
4.826 °C
2.117 °C
2.842 °C
4.510 °C
2.165 °C
3.187 °C
5.489 °C
2.283 °C
2.202 °C
2.413 °C
1.069 °C
1.575 °C
2.821 °C
1.050 °C
0.957 °C

1.416 °C
0.469 °C
1.456 °C
1.699 °C
0.526 °C
2.022 °C
2.030 °C
0.659 °C
1.600 °C
3.133 °C
1.424 °C
2.347 °C
2.930 °Co
1.468 °C
2.597 °C
3.956 °C
1.743 °C
1.842 °C
1.352 °C
0.551 °C
1.211 °C
1.676 °C
0.558 °C
0.595 °C

Tempco(°C/°C)
0.022

0.029

0.029

0.082

.089

0.14

0.017

0.027

To achieve the thermocouple accuracies listed above, warm up the device for 45 minutes after the initial poweron. The accuracies listed above are only guaranteed if the device is housed in the plastic enclosure.

Analog input DC voltage measurement accuracy
Table 5. DC accuracy components and specifications. All values are (±)

Range

Gain error (%of reading)Gain temperature
Offset
INL error (% Absolutecoefficienterror (µV) of range)
accuracy (µV) (% reading/°C)

±10 V
±5 V
±2.5 V±1.25 V
±0.625 V±0.3125 V±0.15625 V±0.078125 V

0.00370.00470.00590.00560.00680.01040.01840.0384

50
25
20
20
15
15
10
10

0.00080.00080.00080.00080.00050.00060.00050.0009

500
300
200
100
60
50
40
40

21

0.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.0006

Offsettemperature
coefficient(µV/°C)
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Input bandwidth
Table 6. Input bandwidth specifications
A/D data rate (S/s)–3 db Bandwidth (Hz)

3750
2000
1000
500
100
60
50
25
10
5
2.5

1615
878
441
221
44.2
26.5
22.1
11.1
4.42
2.21
1.1

Noise performance
For the peak-to-peak noise distribution test, a differential input channel is connected to AGND at the input
terminal block, and 50,000 samples are acquired at the maximum rate available at each setting.
Table 7. Peak-to-peak noise performance specifications (µV)
A/D data rate (S/s)
Range (V)

3750

2000

1000

500

100

60

50

25

10

5

2.5

±10
±5
±2.5
±1.25
±0.625±0.3125±0.15625±0.078125

126.84
56.74
32.96
18.57
18.88
15.33
13.28
13.47

100.14
47.56
28.79
17.52
16.58
14.76
16.84
15.02

71.76
34.21
17.94
13.83
8.45
8.19
7.47
9.17

45.06
25.87
14.19
9.30
7.41
6.94
6.61
6.88

30.52
16.21
7.51
5.48
5.32
4.75
5.70
4.28

30.52
14.31
7.09
5.48
4.80
4.69
4.48
4.16

26.70
14.31
7.09
5.01
4.38
4.49
4.48
4.00

19.07
14.30
5.72
3.81
3.86
3.70
4.24
3.57

11.92
5.96
3.81
3.34
2.50
3.34
2.66
2.28

9.54
4.77
4.00
3.34
2.61
2.56
3.07
2.13

9.54
4.77
4.00
2.86
1.98
2.45
2.29
2.40

Table 8. RMS noise performance specifications (µVRMS)
A/D data rate (S/s)
Range (V)

3750

2000

1000

500

100

60

50

25

10

5

2.5

±10
±5
±2.5
±1.25
±0.625±0.3125±0.15625±0.078125

19.22
8.60
4.99
2.81
2.86
2.32
2.01
2.04

15.17
7.21
4.36
2.66
2.51
2.24
2.55
2.28

10.87
5.18
2.72
2.10
1.28
1.24
1.13
1.39

6.83
3.92
2.15
1.41
1.12
1.05
1.00
1.04

4.62
2.46
1.14
0.83
0.81
0.72
0.86
0.65

4.62
2.17
1.07
0.83
0.73
0.71
0.68
0.63

4.05
2.17
1.07
0.76
0.66
0.68
0.68
0.60

2.89
2.16
0.87
0.58
0.58
0.56
0.64
0.54

1.81
0.90
0.58
0.51
0.38
0.51
0.40
0.35

1.44
0.72
0.60
0.51
0.40
0.39
0.47
0.32

1.44
0.72
0.60
0.43
0.30
0.37
0.35
0.36

22

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications
Table 9. Noise-free resolution specifications (bits)
A/D data rate (S/s)

Range (V)

3750

2000

1000

500

100

60

50

25

10

5

2.5

±10
±5
±2.5
±1.25
±0.625±0.3125±0.15625±0.078125

17.2
17.4
17.2
17.0
16.0
15.3
14.5
14.5

17.6
17.6
17.4
17.1
16.2
15.3
14.1
14.3

18.1
18.1
18.1
17.4
17.1
16.2
15.3
15.0

18.7
18.5
18.4
18.0
17.3
16.4
15.5
15.4

19.3
19.2
19.3
18.8
17.8
17.0
15.7
16.1

19.3
19.4
19.4
18.8
18.0
17.0
16.1
16.2

19.5
19.4
19.4
18.9
18.1
17.0
16.1
16.2

20.0
19.4
19.7
19.3
18.3
17.3
16.1
16.4

20.6
20.6
20.3
19.5
18.9
17.5
16.8
17.0

21.0
21.0
20.7
19.5
18.8
17.9
16.9
17.1

21.0
21.0
21.0
19.7
19.2
17.9
17.1
16.9

Channel switching error
Table 10. Step response accuracy specifications
Accuracy
Range (V) 3750 S/s 2000 S/s 1000 S/s 500 S/s 100 S/s 60 S/s
±10
±5
±2.5
±1.25
±0.625±0.3125±0.15625±0.078125

0.0010%0.0009%0.0010%0.0013%0.0022%0.0031%0.0056%0.0114%0.0008%0.0008%0.0007%0.0009%0.0016%0.0031%0.0062%0.0123%0.0005%0.0004%0.0008%0.0008%0.0011%0.0020%0.0048%0.0076%50 S/s25 S/s

10 S/s5 S/s

2.5 S/s

0.0004% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0003% 0.0002% 0.0001% 0.0001% 0.0001%
0.0004% 0.0003% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0001% 0.0001% 0.0001%
0.0004% 0.0003% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0002% 0.0001% 0.0001%
0.0007% 0.0004% 0.0004% 0.0003% 0.0003% 0.0003% 0.0003% 0.0003%
0.0011% 0.0007% 0.0007% 0.0005% 0.0005% 0.0004% 0.0005% 0.0003%
0.0017% 0.0015% 0.0012% 0.0010% 0.0010% 0.0012% 0.0009% 0.0009%
0.0037% 0.0032% 0.0025% 0.0024% 0.0021% 0.0019% 0.0022% 0.0016%
0.0070% 0.0041% 0.0051% 0.0046% 0.0036% 0.0032% 0.0030% 0.0034%

Channel switching error is defined as the accuracy that can be expected after one conversion when switchingfrom a channel with a DC input at one extreme of full scale to another channel with a DC input at the otherextreme of full scale, expressed in terms of percentage of full scale value.

Throughput rate
The single channel throughput rate is calculated using this formula:
Maximum throughput =Table 11. Single channel throughput rate specifications
A/D data rate (S/s)

Maximum throughput (Hz)

3750
2000
1000
500
100
60
50
25
10
5
2.5

1102.94
877.19609.76378.79
93.98
57.78
48.45
24.61
9.94
4.98
2.50

The multiple-channel throughput rate is calculated using this formula:23

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications, where n is the number of channels

Maximum throughput =Table 12. Multiple-channel throughput rate specifications (Hz)
Numberof inputchannels

3750 S/s

2000 S/s

1000 S/s

500 S/s

100 S/s

60 S/s50 S/s25 S/s

10 S/s5 S/s

2.5 S/s

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

1102.94551.47367.65275.74220.59183.82157.56137.87122.55110.29100.27
91.91
84.84
78.78
73.53
68.93

877.19438.60292.40219.30175.44146.20125.31109.65
97.47
87.72
79.74
73.10
67.48
62.66
58.48
54.82

609.76304.88203.25152.44121.95101.63
87.11
76.22
67.75
60.98
55.43
50.81
46.90
43.55
40.65
38.11

378.79189.39126.26
94.70
75.76
63.13
54.11
47.35
42.09
37.88
34.44
31.57
29.14
27.06
25.25
23.67

93.98
46.99
31.33
23.50
18.80
15.66
13.43
11.75
10.44
9.40
8.54
7.83
7.23
6.71
6.27
5.87

57.78
28.89
19.26
14.45
11.56
9.63
8.25
7.22
6.42
5.78
5.25
4.82
4.44
4.13
3.85
3.61

48.45
24.22
16.15
12.11
9.69
8.07
6.92
6.06
5.38
4.84
4.40
4.04
3.73
3.46
3.23
3.03

24.61
12.30
8.20
6.15
4.92
4.10
3.52
3.08
2.73
2.46
2.24
2.05
1.89
1.76
1.64
1.54

9.94
4.97
3.31
2.48
1.99
1.66
1.42
1.24
1.10
0.99
0.90
0.83
0.76
0.71
0.66
0.62

4.98
2.49
1.66
1.25
1.00
0.83
0.71
0.62
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.42
0.38
0.36
0.33
0.31

2.50
1.25
0.83
0.62
0.50
0.42
0.36
0.31
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16

Analog voltage output
Unused AOUTx output channels should be left disconnected.
The USB-2408-2AO output voltage level defaults to 0 V whenever the host PC is reset, shut down orsuspended, or if a reset command is issued to the device.
The outputs may have a transient during startup. The duration of the output transient depends highly on theenumeration process of the host PC. Typically, the device output is stable after two seconds.
Table 13. Analog voltage output specifications
Parameter
Digital-to-analog
converter
Number of channels
Resolution
Output ranges
Output transient

Conditions

Specifications
DAC8552

Calibrated
Uncalibrated
Host PC is reset, powered on, suspended or a reset
command is issued to device
Initial power on

Differential non-linearity
Output current
Output short-circuit
protection
Output couplingPower on and reset state

AOUTx pins
AOUTx connected to AGND

2
16 bits±10 V±10.05 V (software-selectable)
Duration: 2 s
Amplitude: 2 V p-p
Duration: 50 ms
Amplitude: 5 V peak
±0.25 LSB typ±1 LSB max±5.0 mA max
Unlimited duration
DC
DACs cleared to zero-scale: 0 V,
±50 mV24

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide
Parameter

Specifications
Conditions

Output noise
Settling timeSlew rate
Throughput

Specifications
60 µVrms (BW=1.5 KHz)
75 µS
1.0 V/µs
1000 S/s max, system-dependent,
0.01 S/s min
1000 S/s / #ch max, systemdependent, 0.01 S/s min

To rated accuracy, 10 V step
Single-channel
Multi-channel

Table 14. Calibrated absolute accuracy specifications
Range

Accuracy (±LSB)

±10 V

16.0
Table 15. Calibrated absolute accuracy components specifications

Range% of reading

Offset (±mV)

Temp drift (%/°C)

Absolute accuracy at FS (±mV)±10 V±0.01831.831

0.00055

3.661

Table 16. Relative accuracy specifications
Range

Relative accuracy (±LSB)±10 V

4.0 typ

Analog input/output calibration
Table 17. Analog input/output calibration specifications
Parameter

Specifications

Recommended warm-up time
Calibration
Calibration interval
AI calibration reference

45 minutes min
Firmware calibration
1 year
+10.000 V, ±5 mV max. Actual measured values stored in EEPROM
Tempco: 5 ppm/°C max
Long term stability: 30 ppm/1000 hours
The analog output pin is internally routed to the analog input pin.
Each AOUTx output can be independently measured by the onboard A/D converter.
Software-selectable

AO calibration procedure
AOUTx readback25

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Digital input/output
Table 18. Digital input specifications
Parameter

Specifications

Number of I/O
Configuration

8 channels
Each DIO bit can be independently read from (DIN) or written to (DOUT).
The DIN bits can be read at any time whether the DOUT is active or tri-stated.
0 to +15 V
CMOS (Schmitt trigger)
47 kΩ pull-up/pull-down resistor, 28 kΩ series resistor
0 V to +20 V max (power on/off, relative to DGND) (Note 2)
All pins pulled up to +5 V via individual 47 kΩ resistors (the J6 shorting block default
position is pins 1 and 2).
Pull down capability is available by placing the J6 shorting block across pins 2 and 3.
500 port reads or single bit reads per second typ.
1.3 V min, 2.2 V max
1.5 V max, 0.6 V min
0.4 V min, 1.2 V max

Input voltage range
Input type
Input characteristics
Maximum input voltage range
Pull-up/pull-down
configuration
Transfer rate (software paced)
Input high voltage
Input low voltage
Schmitt trigger hysteresis
Note 2:

DGND pins are recommended for use with digital input and digital output pins. The DGND and AGND pins arecommon and are isolated from earth ground.
Table 19. Digital output specifications

Parameter

Specifications

Number of I/O
Configuration (Note3)

8 channels
Each DIO bit can be independently read from (DIN) or written to (DOUT).
The DIN bits may be read at any time whether the DOUT is active or tri-stated47 kΩ pull-up, open drain (DMOS transistor)
All pins pulled up to +5 V via individual 47 kΩ resistors (the J6 shorting block default
position is pins 1 and 2).
Digital output – 500 port writes or single-bit writes per second typ.
0 V to +5 V (no external pull up resistor, internal 47 kΩ pull-up resistors connected to+5 V by default)
0 V to +15 V max (Note 5)+50 V minOutput characteristics (Note 4)
Pull-up configuration
Transfer rate (software paced)
Output voltage range
Drain to source breakdown
voltage
Off state leakage current(Note 6)
Sink current capability

1.0 µA
150 mA max (continuous) per output pin
150 mA max (continuous) for all eight channels
4ΩDMOS transistor on-resistance(drain to source)
Note 3:

DGND pins are recommended for use with digital input and digital output pins. The DGND and AGND pins arecommon and are isolated from earth ground.

Note 4:Note 5:

Each DMOS transistor source pin is internally connected to DGND.
The external pull-up is connected to the digital output bit through an external pull-up resistor. Adding an
external pull-up resistor connects it in parallel with the internal 47 kΩ pull-up resistor of that particular digital
input/output bit. Careful consideration should be made when considering the external pull-up resistor value andthe resultant pull-up voltage produced at the load.
Does not include the additional leakage current contribution that may occur when using an external pull-up
resistor.

Note 6:26

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

CounterTable 20. Counter specifications
Parameter

Conditions

Specification

Pin name
Number of channels
Resolution
Counter type
Input type
Input source
Counter read/writes rates(software paced)
Input characteristics

Counter readCounter write
Each CTRx input pin

Input voltage range
Max input voltage range

CTR0,CTR1 relative to AGND
and DGND (Note 7)

Input high voltage
Input low voltage
Schmitt trigger hysteresis
Input bandwidth (–3 dB)
Input capacitance
Input leakage current
Input frequency
High pulse width
Low pulse width
Note 7:

CTR0, CTR1
2 channels
32-bits
Event counter
Schmitt trigger, rising edge triggered
CTR0 (pin 44)
CTR1 (pin 42)
System dependent, 500 reads per second.
System dependent, 500 writes per second.
562 kΩ pull-up resistor to +5 V, 10 kΩ series
resistor±15 V max
±20 V max (power on/off)
1.3 V min, 2.2 V max
1.5 V max, 0.6 V min
0.4 V min, 1.2 V max
1 MHz
25 pf
±120 nA@5 V, ±1.6 mA@±15 V
1 MHz, max
500 ns, min
500 ns, min

DGND pins are recommended for use with counter input pins. The DGND and AGND are common and are
isolated from earth ground.

MemoryTable 21. Memory specifications
EEPROM

4096 bytes isolated micro reserved for sensor configuration
256 bytes USB micro for external application use

Microcontroller
Table 22. Microcontroller specifications
Type

One high-performance 8-bit RISC microcontroller with USB interface (non-isolated)
One high-performance 16-bit RISC microcontroller for measurements (isolated)27

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Power
Table 23. Power specifications
Parameter

Conditions

Specification

Supply current (Note 8)
Voltage supervisor limits

Quiescent current
4.5 V > Vext or Vext > 5.5 V
4.5 V < Vext < 5.5 V
Available at terminal block pin 40
Available at terminal block pin 40
Measurement system to PC

275 mAPWR LED = Off; (power fault)
PWR LED = On
4.75 V min to 5.25 V max
10 mA max
500 VDC min+5 V user output voltage range+5 V user output current
Isolation
Note 8:This is the total quiescent current requirement for the USB-2408-2AO which includes up to 10 mA for the
status LED. This does not include any potential loading of the digital I/O bits, the +5V terminal, or the AOUTx
outputs.

USB specifications
Table 24. USB specifications
Parameter

Specifications

USB device type
Device compatibility
USB cable type

USB 2.0 (full-speed)
USB 1.1, USB 2.0
A-B cable, UL type AWM 2725 or equivalent. (Min 24 AWG VBUS/GND,
min 28 AWG D+/D–)
3 meters (9.8 ft) max

USB cable length

Environmental
Table 25. Environmental specifications
Parameter

Specifications

Operating temperature range
Storage temperature range
Humidity

0 °C to 50 °C max–40 °C to 85 °C max
0 to 90% non-condensing max

Mechanical
Table 26. Mechanical specifications
Parameter

Specifications

Dimensions (L x W x H)

127  89.9  35.6 mm (5.00 x 3.53 x 1.40 in.)Screw terminal connector
Table 27. Screw terminal connector specifications
Connector type
Wire gauge range

Fixed screw terminal
16 AWG to 30 AWG

28

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Differential mode pinout
Table 28. 8-channel differential mode pinout
Pin

Signal namePin description

Pin

Signal namePin description

1

CH0H

AI channel 0 HI

23

AGND

Analog ground

2

CH0L

AI channel 0 LO

24

CH7L

AI channel 7 LO

3

AGND

Analog ground

25

CH7H

AI channel 7 HI

4

CH1H

AI channel 1 HI

26

AGND

Analog ground

5

CH1L

AI channel 1 LO

27

CH6L

AI channel 6 LO

6

AGND

Analog ground

28

CH6H

AI channel 6 HI

7

CH2H

AI channel 2 HI

29

AGND

Analog ground

8

CH2L

AI channel 2 LO

30

CH5L

AI channel 5 LO

9

AGND

Analog ground

31

CH5H

AI channel 5 HI

10

CH3H

AI channel 3 HI

32

AGND

Analog ground

11

CH3L

AI channel 3 LO

33

CH4L

AI channel 4 LO

12

AGND

Analog ground

34

CH4H

AI channel 4 HI

13

DGND

Digital ground

35

AGND

Analog ground

14

DIO0

DIO channel 0

36

AOUT1

AO channel 1

15

DIO1

DIO channel 1

37

AGND

Analog ground

16

DIO2

DIO channel 2

38

AOUT0

AO channel 0

17

DIO3

DIO channel 3

39

CHAS

Chassis ground+5 V power output

18

DIO4

DIO channel 4

40

+5V

19

DIO5

DIO channel 5

41

DGND

Digital ground

20

DIO6

DIO channel 6

42

CTR1

Counter 1 input

21

DIO7

DIO channel 7

43

DGND

Digital ground

22

DGND

Digital ground

44

CTR0

Counter 0 input

29

USB-2408-2AO User's Guide

Specifications

Single-ended mode pinout
Table 29. 16-channel single-ended mode pinout
Pin

Signal namePin description

Pin

Signal namePin description

1

CH0

AI channel 0

23

AGND

Analog ground2

CH8

AI channel 8

24

CH15

AI channel 15

3

AGND

Analog ground

25

CH7

AI channel 7

4

CH1

AI channel 1

26

AGND

Analog ground5

CH9

AI channel 9

27

CH14

AI channel 14

6

AGND

Analog ground

28

CH6

AI channel 6

7

CH2

AI channel 2

29

AGND

Analog ground

8

CH10

AI channel 10

30

CH13

AI channel 13

9

AGND

Analog ground

31

CH5

AI channel 5

10

CH3

AI channel 3

32

AGND

Analog ground

11

CH11

AI channel 11

33

CH12

AI channel 12

12

AGND

Analog ground

34

CH4

AI channel 4

13

DGND

Digital ground

35

AGND

Analog ground

14

DIO0

DIO channel 0

36

AOUT1

AO channel 1

15

DIO1

DIO channel 1

37

AGND

Analog ground

16

DIO2

DIO channel 2

38

AOUT0

AO channel 0

17

DIO3

DIO channel 3

39

CHAS

Chassis ground

18

DIO4

DIO channel 4

40

+5V

+5 V power output

19

DIO5

DIO channel 5

41

DGND

Digital ground

20

DIO6

DIO channel 6

42

CTR1

Counter 1

21

DIO7

DIO channel 7

43

DGND

Digital ground

22

DGND

Digital ground

44

CTR0

Counter 030

EU Declaration of Conformity
According to ISO/IEC 17050-1:2010
Manufacturer:
Address:

Product Category:
Date and Place of Issue:
Test Report Number:

Measurement Computing Corporation
10 Commerce Way
Norton, MA 02766
USAElectrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.
July 21, 2016, Norton, Massachusetts USA
EMI5775.10

Measurement Computing Corporation declares under sole responsibility that the productUSB-2408-2AO
is in conformity with the relevant Union Harmonization Legislation and complies with the essential
requirements of the following applicable European Directives:
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive 2014/30/EU
Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU
RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU
Conformity is assessed in accordance to the following standards:
EMC:
Emissions: EN 61326-1:2013 (IEC 61326-1:2012), Class A
 EN 55011: 2009 + A1:2010 (IEC CISPR 11:2009 + A1:2010), Group 1, Class A
Immunity: EN 61326-1:2013 (IEC 61326-1:2012), Controlled EM Environments EN 61000-4-2:2008 (IEC 61000-4-2:2008)
 EN 61000-4-3 :2010 (IEC61000-4-3:2010)
Safety: EN 61010-1:2010 (IEC 61010-1:2010)
Environmental Affairs:
Articles manufactured on or after the Date of Issue of this Declaration of Conformity do not contain any of therestricted substances in concentrations/applications not permitted by the RoHS Directive.

Carl Haapaoja, Director of Quality Assurance

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