JBIC ODA Loan Projects: Ex-Post Monitoring Report
Project Title: Indonesia “Science and Technology Manpower Development Program”[Outline of Loan Agreement]
Loan Amount/Disbursed Amount
Loan Agreement
Final Disbursement Date
Ex-post Evaluation
Executing Agency: 6,067 million yen / 5,731 million yen: October 1988
: November 1997
: 2000: Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)[Project Objective]
This project’s objective was to develop skills in science and technology among the personnel of six government agencies* operating in this sector through foreign study at the college and university level and short-term training programs, thereby raising scientific andtechnological competence in Indonesia and contributing to efforts to promote economic growth.
* The six government agencies: BAKOSURTANAL (National Coordinating Agency for Surveys & Mapping), BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency), BPPT (National Agency for the Assessment & Application of Technology), BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics), LAPAN (National Institute for
Aeronautics & Space), LIPI (Indonesian Institute for Sciences)[Outline of Results] (Field Survey : December 2004)
Item
Ex-post Evaluation (2001)[Effectiveness/Impacts](1) Human resource development in the (1)・ This project formed part of government plans to increase the number of people with academic
science and technology sector
qualifications in scientific and technological disciplines by approximately twelve thousand(8,360 in Indonesia, 3,842 overseas) between 1987 and 1995; 608 students (of which 256 toJapan) were sent overseas to study against a target of 400 (of which 240 to Japan).
・ As of 1997, 90% (547 students) of the 608 students studying overseas had completed theirprograms of study and returned home.
・ In the six agencies, as compared to 1989 (pre-project) 3.79 times more employees helddoctorates, 3.63 times more held master’s degrees, and 1.67 times more bachelor’s degrees.
・ Foreign study returnees have been reinstalled in their original positions, and by and large,
have either been promoted to a higher ranking position or are involved in more
technologically specialized work.

Ex-post Monitoring(1)
・A comparison of numbers holding university qualifications in the two agencies (BPPT and LAPAN) that provided data for1988 and 2004 reveals that 3.8 times more employees hold doctorates, 3.6 times more hold master’s and 1.31 times more
hold undergraduate degrees; i.e. the figures are basically identical to those obtained during the ex-post evaluation, confirmingthat the levels of scientific and technological knowledge are being maintained.
Reference: Nos. of Foreign Study Returnees with Advanced Qualifications by Agency
BPPT
LAPAN
BPS
BATAN
BAKO
LIPI
Academic
Qualification
1988
2004
1988
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
Doctorate
1252
7
21
20
N.A.
17
N.A.
Master’s Degree
67
162
12122
261
N.A.
103
N.A.
Bachelor’s Degree
34116
247
254
3,708
N.A.
55
N.A.
Short-term Training
109282
N.A.
43523
N.A.
55
N.A.
Total
222612
266
440
4,512
90
230
59
・At BPPT, 80% of published survey/research reports are written by foreign study returnees, which confirms the contribution
these individuals are making to specialist fields of knowledge.

(2) Raise scientific and technological skills (2)(2)
・ In the questionnaire, many respondents stated that they “take pride in the fact that they are ・ BATAN and LAPAN are using foreign study returnees to bolster collaborative studies/research with private-sector
and promote industrial development
playing a key role in the socio-economic development of the nation, and are involved incompanies and foreign research institutes in all fields. These activities are contributing indirectly to furthering scientific andpromoting new industries or in resolving environmental issues.”
technological competence in Indonesia, which is in turn stimulating economic activity.
・ It is essential to increase the levels of knowledge and technological skill throughout theEx.) BATAN is collaborating with the national oil company and the Jakarta Nuclear Energy Research Institute.
nation through establishing a system for domestic skills transfer by making better use ofLAPAN is involved with research organizations in Japan, India and Germany (in Japan: Research Institute forforeign study returnees.
Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (1995-))[Sustainability](1）Sustainability of project effects(1)(1)
・ Findings from the interview survey reveal that the foreign study returnees are engaged in ・ With the exclusion of BATAN and LAPAN, 90% of foreign study returnees are still working for their original employers
work that utilizes the various knowledge/skills that they acquired overseas.
(although this also includes those who studied overseas under other programs). However, 20% of foreign study returnees at・ It was not possible to ascertain the level of satisfaction with pay rewards, but respondents
BATAN (28 people) and 30% at LAPAN (48 people) are now working in the private sector.
・ The Indonesian Government evolved this project into Human Resources Development Program expanding its target also togenerally evaluated their work environments, etc. highly.
・ There were fears of a brain drain once the mandatory period of employment upon return
administration or economic sectors.
from foreign study had expired, but all foreign study returnees are currently employed in ・ Since the project was implemented there have been changes in the sciences and technologies needed for industrial
government agencies.
development in Indonesia and this is generating problems in terms of the treatment meted out to foreign study returnees andthe budgetary measures being applied to the executing agencies.
[Lessons learned and recommendations;reference information and monitoring
methods](1) Follow up on the lessons learned/ (1)(1)
recommendations detailed in the ex-post ・To avoid a brain drain, it is important to provide follow-up for foreign study returnees, ・ Although many students who studies abroad are not satisfied with the present level of salary, all agencies are offering
evaluation report and the SAPS (Specialincluding better treatment in the work place, the provision of counseling services and so forth.
counseling services to them on their future career paths, etc., when appropriate.
Assistance for Project Sustainability) ・Technical transfer within Indonesia of the technical skills, knowledge and expertise of foreign ・ All agencies are holding seminars in conjunction with other government agencies and businesses and conductingthat was subsequently implemented
study returnees will help to ensure the sustainability of educational effects.
collaborative research in the work place as a means of passing on the knowledge acquired by foreign student returnees.

(2) Lessons learned during ex-postmonitoring and recommendations forsustainability(2)・ Now that Indonesia is emerging from the economic confusion that followed the Asian currency crisis and the politicalsituation has stabilized, the country needs to begin reemphasizing the development of human resources with cutting-edge
scientific and technological skills.
・ For future programs, every effort must be made to select fields that will follow the pattern of industrial development.