Annual Report 2011
Railway Technical Research InstituteJapan

AnnualReport2011

Railway Technical Research Institute
Hikari-cho 2-8-38, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan
http://www.rtri.or.jp/

Railway Technical Research InstituteJapanAnnual Report 2011

ForewordAa younger age profile of its staff.
As in the past, RTRI also continued renewal andremodeling of existing research facilities, while effectively
utilizing large-scale test equipment including a large vibration
testing machine to simulate gigantic earthquake movements.
The patents applied for registration this year amounted to
215 in number. The Railway International Standards Center,
which was established the year before last, implemented an
extensive information exchange process in Japan and abroad,while launching related committees with participation frommembers representing railway operators and manufacturers.
RTRI contributed papers and extended support to the World
Congress on Railway Research (WCRR) held in Lille, France,and deployed joint research programs with France, China,
Korea and other countries, as part of its international activities.
A quarter century has passed since the privatization anddivision of Japanese National Railways. At this juncture, thepresence of railways has come to be highly valued in different
circles of society, whereas the severe circumstances affecting
Japan are anticipated to last for some time into the future: theseinclude the problems of energy supply, the unprecedentedly
long span of human life and a low birth rate, along with the
instability of the economy of the country affected by wavesof globalization. Railways are no exception, in the sense thatmanagement is treading on thin ice in this grave situation.
RTRI will make efforts, therefore, to contribute more to
railway management through its research and development
initiative. The contribution by the trustees, the lion’s share in
the operating funds of RTRI, which previously hovered at alow level, is now showing a tendency to rally. RTRI is required
to integrate the wisdom and power of its researchers giftedwith great talents, in order to develop railways further andsubsequently accelerate the social and economic developmentof the country. In this context, RTRI trusts that it can count onreaders continuing to extend their unchanged co-operationand support.

Forewordfter the Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake that
hit Japan on March 11, 2011, the Railway TechnicalResearch Institute (RTRI) made tremendous efforts as partof the operation to support, recover and restore the damaged
railways in the area. In the meantime, while changing its legal
status to become a public interest corporation on April 1,
2011, RTRI pushed ahead with various projects that had
been assigned to it and succeeded in attaining almost all
the targets that had previously been set for its research anddevelopment activities as a whole. In FY 2011, the second
year in its FIVE-YEAR “RESEARCH 2010 program,” RTRI
intended to accelerate research and development for the
future of railways, development of practical technologies andother basic research work.
For the project to establish test track simulation technology,
a future-oriented subject requiring a particularly long research
period, RTRI called upon the whole of its existing humanresources and recruited new researchers, while being
supported in parallel by other organizations; in this way it
successfully carried out the related research and development
projects as scheduled. Furthermore, RTRI establishedinnovative measures to reinforce outdated structures as partof an effort to develop practical technologies and proposed atechnique to issue early-stage earthquake warnings in the fieldof basic research. Despite the severe economic conditions,
RTRI was fortunately able to contract with a number of otherresearch and development organizations for various projects
and it was able to apply the results to achieve a practicaloutcome.
On the other hand, the Railway Technology Promotion
Center accepted valuable information and advice from anumber of railway operators and from the members under
its umbrella in order to fulfill its the assigned mission. Given
the importance of ensuring that technologies are handed
down over generations, RTRI actively exchanged personnel
with railway operators and accelerated its program to achieve

Hisashi TARUMI
President,
Railway Technical Research Institute1Contents
3

Organization

5

Medium and Long Term Master
Plan – RESEARCH 2010 –9Statement of
Activity Results 2011

29

International Activities

35

Newly Installed andRemodeled Machines/Facilities

37

Activities in the 25th
Anniversary Year

39

Appendix

Annual Report 2011

Organization
Organization

Vehicle Structure Technology
Division

Planning Division

Administration Division

Vehicle Control Technology
DivisionMiyazaki Test
Center

Structures Technology Division

Accounting Division
Board ofTrustees

Vice
Presidents

Board ofDirectors

ChairmanInformation Management
Division

Health Insurance
Systems Center

President

Research & Development
Promotion DivisionMarketing & Business
Development Division
Railway Technology
Promotion Center
Railway International
Standards Center

Track Technology Division
Disaster Prevention Technology
Division
Signalling & Telecommunications
Technology DivisionInternational Affairs
Division

Executive
Directors

Auditors

Power Supply Technology
Division

Wind Tunnel
Technical CenterTransport Information
Technology Division
Materials Technology Division
Railway Dynamics Division
Environmental Engineering
Division
Human Science Division
Maglev Systems Technology
Division
Yamanashi Maglev
Test Center(As of March 31, 2012)

Board Members
Position

Trustees
Name

Name

MASADA Eisuke

KAKINUMA Hirohiko

President

TARUMI Hisashi

SEINO Satoshi

Vice President

UCHIDA Masao

ISHIJI Tsuguo

Vice President

KUMAGAI Norimichi

YAMADA Yoshiomi

Executive Director

ICHIKAWA Atsushi

NODA Toyonori

Executive Director

KAWAI Atsushi

SASAKI Takayuki

Executive Director

SAWAI Kiyoshi

NISHIKAWA Naoki

Executive Director

ICHIJO Masayuki

IZUMI Masafumi

Executive Director

HAYASHI Yasuo

KARAIKE Koji

Executive Director

NAGATA Yutaka

KOBAYASHI Masaaki

Executive Director

YOSHIE Norihiko

IWATA Sadao

Executive Director

NISHIMAKI Tsuguhiro

SAWADA Jun

Executive Director

AOYAGI Toshihiko

UMEZAKI Hisashi

Executive Director

HAYASE Touji

YOSHINO Gentaro

Executive Director

SUDA Yoshihiro

MUKAIDONO Masao

Executive Director

AOKI Mami

ISHIKAWA Hiroki

Executive Director

KUCHINO Shigeru

KOBAYASHI Toshio

Auditor

INAMI Mitsutoshi

KAKUMU Masahiro

Auditor

FUJII Hidenori

KENJU Toshikazu

AuditorKIGUCHI Yataro

ISHIWATA Tsuneo(As of March 31, 2012)

Organization

Chairman(As of March 31, 2012)3

Organization

Overview

Income and Expenditure in FY 2011
IncomeHuman Resources

Expenditure

Miscellaneous 2.23

Others 2.4

R & D projects 8.64

Number of employees

533

Number of PhD Degree holders

165

Contribution from
JR companies 12.79

Government
subsidies 0.83

(As of April 1, 2011)
Total
18.5
billion yen

Total
18.76
billion yen

Repayment of debt
from Development
Bank of Japan 3.55

Contract-based
projects 2.90

Other projects
1.33

Number of Projects
Numbers of Themes
Development of the levitated railway
Projects
Inquiries about contracts
Basic research projects
R&D for the future
Conventional
railwaysrailway
R&D for practicaltechnologies
Basic research for railways
Standards and surveys
Total

Commercial projects
2.56

Relationship with Organizations in
the Research Fields

44
128
123
13
308

Developmentof practical technologies

R&D for the future of railways

Basic researches for railways

Objectives and Mainstays
of R&D in Activities

Annual Report 2011

Improvement of safety

4

R&D for the Future of Railways

Improvement of
convenience

Cost reducon
Cost reduction

Improvementof safety

Creation ofrailway
simulators

Harmony with the environment

Improvement of convenience

Improvement ofsafety/reliabilityof railway systems

Maintaining anddevelopment ofrailway networks

Renovation ofmaintenance work

Use of high efficiency
energyHarmony withthe environment

Annual Report 2011

Medium and Long
Term Master Plan
– RESEARCH 2010 –The master plan, RESEARCH 2010 was produced to describe research and development required for five
years beginning in FY 2010 to effectively push ahead with activities to fulfill our commitment within various
circles as a research institute capable of integrating many railway technologies. The plan is directed towards thesustainable development of railways, while considering progress in research and development in the past andchanges in the circumstances surrounding the railway industry that have occurred in recent years.

1 Basic Policies and Objectives
In preparing this plan, we adopted basic policies on

for research and development needs and capabilities at

its content in view of the circumstances surrounding

all times to respond to the changes in the internal and

RTRI and railways in Japan as a whole. Regarding theexternal circumstances and make efforts to enhance

management environment of JR companies, changes

the efficiency of our activities based on financial

in their financial contribution and other movements

situations.

outside the organization, we set the term of the plan

As development needs in the future are quite

at five years from FY 2010 to 2014, to account for theuncertain in different countries, we will review thisfact that it will take a certain length of time to carryplan regularly to take into account changes in social

through the “research and development for the futureand economic conditions in the world.
As a guideline for carrying out research andcorrectly predict the trend in long-term future needs.

development aimed at achieving safe and assured,

For RTRI having responsibility to society as ahighly reliable railways, with low environmental impacts

public-interest corporation, it is important to effectively

and featuring low-costs and high-level convenience

perform its commitment to JR companies and otherfor customers, we set forth the following as the basic

stakeholders through publicly disseminating research

objectives of RTRI activities.

results to support railway business in the future. To
this end, we shall make efforts to freshen up the targetsof research and development set in the past, such as
the improvement of safety and reliability, developmentof solutions to environmental problems on a global
scale, achievement of harmony with the waysideenvironment, decrease system costs and the pursuitof comfort and convenience of passengers. As a new(1) Creation of new technologies aimed at sustainable
development of railways(2) Quick and correct response to meet customer
needs(3) Timely transmission and dissemination of research
results(4) Continued pursuit of railway technologies andresearch challenge, we shall also aim at improving ouraccumulation of basic technological knowledge

simulation technology and try to expand our core(5) Effective use of this knowledge within the community

competencies. We shall also review the organizationof railway engineers

Medium and Long Term Master Plan – RESEARCH 2010 –of railways” as referred to later, though it is difficult to5Medium and Long Term Master Plan – RESEARCH 2010 –Evaluation and measuresof car inside-comfort– RESEARCH2010 – Futu

Vertical camper(FY 2010

Body-end yaw damper

Tilting damper

Evaluation/measures topreserve the waysideenvironment for highspeed operation

Axle damper

Lateral damper● A technique/measure to improve vibration ride
comfort● A technique/measure to reduce noise inside cars
● A technique to evaluate comfort inside cars

Simulation to predictground vibrations● A technique to evaluate aerodynamic noise/
preventive measures● Noise/ground vibration preventive materials

Smoothing the movement
at traffic nodes

Sustainability andDevelopment ofRailway Networks

Construc
Railway Si● Smoothing the movement at and around stations● A diversified technique to evaluate train operation● A technique to evaluate freight traffic
Establishment/evaluationof an environment for seamless movement

A new technology to monitor andmaintain equipment conditions

Innovation of
Maintenance● A technology tomonitor/maintain equipment
conditions● Basic technologies tomonitor equipment conditions
A proposal of anequipment condition
monitoring system

Design/dev
of a railway simulaձ Car, track and trainղ Simulation of the phstructure and whee
ճ A prototype virtual r
մ An integrated air flo
noise simulator
յ A contact wire/panto

A vi

Innovation of the structure renewal technologies
Reinforcing anchor

Floor plate

Pantograph
Turbulence arounda structure ofcomplicated profile

Annual Report 2011

Deteriorated bridge

6

Technologies to renew deteriorated
bridges on revenue service lines
Renewal technologies for bridges, viaducts as well as
underground and ground level stations

Truckure-Oriented Subjects

0 – 2014)

Improvement of safety
and reliability withintelligent trains

Slope disaster

Development of aderailment-proof truck

Safety of workers on the track
Construction of an advanced,
independent train safety control
systemAnalysis of car bodydeformation behavior

Raising the safety against
meteorological disasters

Crossing

On board
car sensing

Annual Report 2011

Improvement of the safety against
derailment/collision● Simulation of the local
meteorologicalconditions● A technique toevaluate hazards● A technology ofdisaster/hazard
mapping

Hazard map

Improving the Safety
Real-time hazard mapping
and Reliability ofthe safety against earthquakes
the Railway System ●Raising
A system to predict
An image of the prediction
large-scale earthquake of earthquake movements
movements
ction off
● Evaluation of thesafety of rolling stock
imulators
running during
High-efficiency
Energy Utilization

earthquakes● Earthquake-proof
technologies/measures

Position of fault

Reduction of car energy consumption

velopment
ator core system

Rotor of induction motorCore Winding

Nano-technology
metallic material

Resin

Conductor

New structure

Low loss Rotator

Lightweight cars made of new materials
High-efficiency car components
Decreases in car aerodynamic resistance
A simulator to evaluate energy consumption

ograph simulator

irtual railway test track

A new power supply system
Track model
Car model
Analysis of three-dimensional
dynamic interaction

Superconducting cable● Application of superconducting
technologies● Use of semiconducting elementsof low loss
● Utilization of natural energy
Simulator of power consumption in train operation
Evaluation of train operation diagrams reflecting
the constraint in power supply

Medium and Long Term Master Plan – RESEARCH 2010 –-set models
henomena betweenelrailway test trackow and aerodynamic

7Medium and Long Term Master Plan – RESEARCH 2010 –2 Project Activities
2.1 Research and Development•Development of practical technologies performed
based on our own initiatives(1) Promotion of Research and Development(a) Targets of research and development(4) Basic Research for Railways

Amid the increasingly severe surroundings, we set

We believe the basic research for railways will leadthe following four items as the “targets of research andto practical technologies, which are essential to solve

development,” in consideration of the serious accidents/

various railway-related problems, and/or will lead todisasters and difficult economic circumstances in recent

further work which we might define as “analytical

years, based principally on the targets of research andresearch projects“ and “those to explore further

development in the past.

research.”

We further aim at achieving:•Increased level of safety(5) Others•Harmony with the environment(a) Transmission of information•Low-cost railways•Improved convenience for customers

We will positively collect, store and transmit
information on railway technologies in Japan and abroad
and present the results of these research/development(b) Poles of research and development

activities in a timely manner.

Recognizing that we have limited resources, toeffectively carry out research and development, we(b) International activities

set the following three items as the “corner stones of

We will positively participate in various international

research and development,” with efforts concentrated

conferences, make efforts to continue to exchange

in particular on the enhancement of the simulation

information on railway technologies with overseas

technology for all the three:researchers, and send staff abroad to survey the status•Research and development for the future ofof the railways and technologies in foreign countries. We

railways

will also push ahead with joint research projects, exchange•Development of practical technologies

researchers, strengthen the cooperative relations with

•Basic research for railways

overseas universities and research institutes and enrich
the information transmitted to other countries.

(2) Research and Development for the Futureof Railways(c) Railway Technology Promotion CenterIn the field of research and development for the

Having a bird’s eye view over the railway industry

future of railways, we undertake basic research toas a whole, the Railway Technology Promotion Center

better understand phenomena and to constructwill assess the technological needs common to all its

tools from which a “game-changing” breakthrough ismember railway companies and solve their problems

expected for research and development. We also carryso that they can correctly respond to the expectationout research oriented to technological developmentof society.

having a far-reaching effect after commercialization.
(d) Railway International Standards Center(3) Development of Practical Technologies

Annual Report 2011

We are pushing ahead with the development of

8

The Railway International Standards Center will
integrate the discussions on wide-ranging international

practical technologies in the following areas:

standards on railways, thereby contributing to railway•Technological development specified by the sevencompanies as a whole, while positioning the discussions

JR companies (six under-taking passenger transport

on the strategy of international standardization, reviews

services and one devoted to freight transport)of international standards and collection/transmission•Contract-based research and developmentof the information received.

Annual Report 2011

Statement of
Activity Results 2011
1 Test and Research Projects and Major Results of
Research and Development
In FY 2011, we pushed ahead with research and development on 308 themes and successfully completed
research on 141 themes. Major Results of the Research and Development are shown below.

Improvement of Safety(1) A practical system for the program to improve drivers’ ability to respondto abnormal situations• Development of an easy-to-use training system for instructors that allows voluntary learning as a practicalsystem for the program to improve drivers’ ability to respond to abnormal situations• Verification of the effectiveness of the system for training evaluated by staff with experience of train operation

Image display/record
subsystem

Indication of errors
Supervisor tag
Protection alarm button
Contact buzzer

Safety attitude diagnosis
subsystem

WhistleSupervisor

Operation datacollection subsystem

Survey of safety awareness

Number of pulse
Breath


Pulse
wave
meter

Playback subsystem
Error judgment /notification subsystem
Playbackof operating
actionHeart ratemeasurement
subsystem

Operatingmanipulation
diagnosis
subsystem

Fig. 1 A system composition incorporating seven subsystems

Confirmation call tag
Call tag
Central callProtection alarm
Contact buzzer
Whistle valve operation
Door open
Reverse Front
handle
Back


Notch



No.2 block
Call / guard

Assessmentof tension
based onheart rate
No.1 block display
Call / guard

Replay of the linkage between
operating manipulation
data and images
࣭P4
࣭P3
࣭P2
࣭P1



Emergency

Possibilityof the selectionof the distanceor time-axis

Fig. 2 Playback subsystem screen (with two displays
in parallel)Statement of Activity Results 2011

Diagnosis oftraining results

Operating manipulation data

Operatinginformation

Automaticerror
judgment
display9cabs against level crossing accidents

Estimated collision speed (km/h)

100ࠥ11080ࠥ9090ࠥ100

improve the crashworthiness of driving

70ࠥ80• A proposal of conceptual measures to60ࠥ70

based on the degree of train crew injuries

Buses
15%

50ࠥ60

the crashworthiness of the leading car

34 accidents:
FY 1985 to 2010
Others
Large
Passenger 9% trailers
cars
12%
23%

40ࠥ50

• Establishment of a technique to evaluate

Average estimatedcollision speed: 54 km/h

30ࠥ40collision conditions at level crossings

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

ࠥ20

in recent years and assessment of typical20ࠥ30• A survey of serious level crossing accidents
Number of accidents

Statement of Activity Results 2011

(2) A technique to evaluate the crashworthiness of cars in collisions at
level crossings by taking human behavior into consideration

Trucks18%

Dump
trucks23%

Objects involved in collisions

Fig. 1 A statistical survey of serious level crossing accidents

Evaluation ofcar-body deformation

Data for train crew injuries:
head, chest and legs

Data for the degree of car-bodydeformation and acceleration, etc.

A model of a large trailer

54

Evaluation of the degreeof train crew injuries
Fig. 2 An EFM model to evaluate thedegree of train crew injuries andcar-body deformationkm/hFig. 3 An example of the analysis under typical collision conditions at levelcrossings(3) Axle profile to improve fatigue strength where the wheel is fitted to theaxle• A proposal for an axle profile to improve fatigue strength where the wheel is fitted to the axle
• Confirmation of a significant increase in the fatigue strength of axles having the proposed profile through fatigue
tests, stress analyses and evaluation of crack development caused by fracture mechanics
Red line:+20r Wheel R Proposed profile
Black line:
Conventional profile

Wheel seat

Filet

Wheel seat

Filet

θ

-2.4 mmΦDΦdConventional profile
Crack length 160 mm
Crack depth 32 mm

Proposed profile
Crack length 20 mm
Crack depth 5 mm

Fig. 2 Results of the magnetic particle inspection of a test axle

Annual Report 2011

Wheel seat

10

Filet

Enlarged view
Axle

Bar element

Load

Wheel
Fig. 1 Details showing the area of the axle
where the wheel is fitted

Fitting end

Crack face

Constraining
point
Fig. 3 Analysis modeloccurrence of aftershocks and their scale over timeafter a major earthquake• Development of a technique to predict earthquake
movements in wide frequency bands occurring
across an extensive area between the main shock㸸Major earthquake at active faults
㸸Submarine trench type major earthquake
㸸Aftershocks and other earthquakes

900

Long-periodձcomponents (1)
㛗࿘ᮇᡂ

0

-900
4
900

8

12

16

20

24

▷࿘ᮇᡂศղ
Short-period components (2)

0

-900
4

Acceleration (gal)and aftershocks

Acceleration (gal) Acceleration (gal)• Establishment of a technique to predict theAnnual Report 2011

(4) A technique to predict the sequence of earthquake movements including
the main shock and aftershocks

8

12Superimposition of
two waveforms

900

16

20

24

ࣁ࢖ࣈࣜࢵࢻྜᡂ
Hybrid superimposition of (1) and (2)

0

-900
4

8

12

16

20

Time (sec)24

Fig. 2 Prediction of seismic movements using this technique
40°

Nishinomiya

35°

Maximum
speed

Kobe
30°
130°

135°

140°

Awaji-shima

145°

Fig. 1 Distribution of epicenters used for aftershock
evaluation

High

Areas where significant
damage occurred

Low

Fig. 3 Results of the evaluation of earthquake movements during
the Hyogoken-Nambu Prefecture Earthquake in 1995

(5) Techniques to precisely locate the epicenter based on P-wave data andto effectively issue warnings against the S-wave• A proposal for a new technique to locate the epicenter using data about the P-wave at a single observation point• A proposal for a technique to effectively issue simultaneous wide-range S-wave warnings of major earthquakes
by detecting when the vertical acceleration of the S-wave exceeds the specified value at several observation

2s

0.5 s

New technique: y (t)=Ct

Vertical displacement
fluctuations

Conventional technique: y(t )=B t exp(-At )Conventional technique:Fixed length (1.1 s)

New technique:
Variable length (Half-wavelength)
Time (sec)Time (sec)Fig. 1 An approximate function to estimate the distance tothe epicenter and the time taken to analyse the data

Fig. 2 Half-wavelength data of variable length used toestimate the direction of the epicenter

Table 1 Variation of the estimated distance to the epicenter
Technique

Variation of the estimatedData analysis
distance to the epicentertime(in the case where the true value is 100 km)

New

0.5 s

53 㹼 189 km

Conventional

2.0 s

49 㹼 206 km

12% up

Table 2 Variation of the estimated direction of the epicenter
Technique

Data analysis
time

Errors in the estimated distance to epicenter(Difference between the trueand estimated values)

New

VariablelengthCut to64%49.0 rConventional Fixed
length

67.9 r

28% upWarning range using
the new technique(Simultaneous)

Epicenter ofmajor earthquake

Earthquake
movements

Warning range using
the conventional technique(Individual)
Observation
point

Warning range based on the vertical accelerationof the S-wave simultaneously exceeding the specified value

Fig. 3 A technique to issue S-wave warnings based on thevertical acceleration of the S-wave exceeding thespecified value at several observation points

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Vertical acceleration(Logarithmic axis)

points11

Statement of Activity Results 2011

(6) Development of a technique to locate and reinforce damage sites in
PC beams caused by breaks in the main steel• Development of a technique to locate damage sites in PC beams caused by breaks in the main steel wire
• Development of a method to reinforce the located damage sites with steel plates
Distribution of the residual pre-stress ofan adhesion stress (τ) and slip (s) modelPre-stress
Enlargeable bottom anchor
Main beam

Corrosion
breakage

Adhesion force
Mainsteel wire

Insufficientgrouting

Steel plate
1400

Span center load (kN)

Protective grout

Mainsteel wire

1200
1000

20
20m
m

800

Reinforced
section600
400

After reinforcement

2000Prediction of cracking
through non-linear analysis

Load
Target withstanding load
Main steel wire Break point

The site of a break causedby corrosion in the main steel wires

0

50

100

150

200

250

Displacement (mm)Fig. 2 Effect of reinforcing work at the damaged site

Fig. 1 A model of force transmission through adhesion
and prediction of damage(7) A technique to calculate the characteristics of slopes that are liable
to rupture or become a source of falling stones using digital elevationand surface layer models• Clarification of the topological and vegetative

Aerial laser survey

conditions common to all slopes subjected to
Digital elevation model

rupture• Development of a technique to calculate slopes

Slope
Slope typeclassification classificationmap
map

that are liable to rupture and expose rocks that may
cause stones to fall using digital elevation and surface
layer models

Slope type
Vegetation
Concave valley type
Cutover
Flat plate valley type (immediately after falling)30°
or over Flat plate straight typeConcave straight type
Cutover(early-age secondary
Concave ridge typeforestation)
Flat plate ridge typeLess than Convex ridge type
Coniferous trees(early-age)30°
Convex straight type
Convex valley typeFig. 1 Flow chart to create drawings for the calculation
Detailed survey
Priority: Low

Detailed survey
Priority: Medium

Other vegetations

Slope: Degree of contribution a
Slope type: Degree of contribution b
Vegetation: Degree of contribution c

Superimposition

WeightDegreeof contribution

Annual Report 201112

Low Low

Vegetation
classificationmap

Map of the slopes showing
characteristics indicating thatthey may be liable to rupture

Map ofexposed rocks

Inclination

High High

Digital surface model

Results of extraction

Fig. 2 Factors to contribute to the occurrence of slope
rupture and their superimposition

Detailed survey
Priority: High

Place of high risk of rupture
Place of comparatively high risk of rupture
Source of falling stones or slope of steep gradientWayside natural slope

Fig. 3 Results of the calculation carried out to identify the places
where slopes are liable to rupture and become a sourceof falling stones

Annual Report 2011(8) A technique to evaluate the rainfall resistance of embankments withdrain pipes installed• Establishment of a technique to evaluate/analyze the rainfall resistance of embankments with drain pipes inserted• Quantitative evaluation of the effect of drain pipes to lower the levels of water and pore water pressure to
determine the approximate specifications for implementation
Embankment
A skin-effect layer

Drain pipe(hollow)

Drain pipe

having a permeability
coefficient k s smaller thanthat of embankment k

Embankment
Fig. 2 An embankment test using a lifesize model

Ratio of permeability
coefficient (ks / k )Fig. 1 An analysis model for a drain pipe

Pore waterpressure

1.0

Water level
Drain pipe

Water level

0.8
0.6

24

(kPa)

20
16

0.4

12

0.2

8

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Thickness of skin-effect layer (cm)Fig. 3 Relationship between the thicknessof skin-effect layer and permeability(With struck-in drain pipes inserted) 4(Without drain pipes)

0.0

0

-4

Fig. 4 Distribution of water levels and pore water pressure values obtainedwith the proposed analysis model(9) A technique to analyze the buckling and large-scale deformation ofballasted track• Development of a technique to analyze the stability against buckling and large-scale deformation behavior ofballasted track• Quantitative evaluation under different conditions of the influence of seismic vibrations and temperature

Control of displacement and loadto calculate the position of the next step

Displacement

1000

600

Analysis
Radius of curve
600 m

400
200

5

0

Dependent
node

10

15

Lateral displacement of rail (mm)20Structural
boundary

Sleeper

Ground (Structure crown)

Ballastlongitudinal
resistance
Ballast lateralresistance andvertical bearing
force

Fig. 1 Conceptual drawing of the analyzing technique

Sleeper lateral displacement(mm)(a) Analytical results of static buckling

Selectionof control
nodes

Rail
Rail fastenerrotational
resistance

Buckling

Experiment

800

8

Experiment

6

Analysis

4
2
0
-2
-4

Kushiro Offshore Earthquake, recorded by
Kushiro Area MeteorologicalObservatory

10

20

30

40

Time (s)5060(b) Analytical results of large-scale deformation

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Rail axial force (kN)

Load(Rail axial force)changes in the normal stateFig. 2 A case of verification by the analyzing technique13

Statement of Activity Results 2011(10) A technique to estimate the probability of thunderstorms causing
disastrous damage to signalling systems in lightning strike conditions• Development of a technique to estimate the probability of thunderstorms damaging to signalling systems• Applicability of the estimating technique to determine if measures should be taken to prevent thunderstorms
from causing damage to signalling systems
What are the lightning conditions that will cause damage during
thunderstorms to signalling systems rated at a voltage of 30 kV towithstand damage and which are connected to overhead power
supply lines?

100

A
Estimating formulaV =0.142×(I /r )+1.6

I/r =200 kA/km or over (Point A in Fig. 1)

Overhead power
supply line1
Signal cable

Cumulative distribution oflightning strike current I
99

P㸦I㸧=

90

1+

50

1

10

100

Lightning strike conditions I /r (kA/km)

200
kA/km

Fig. 1 Estimation of lightning strike conditions that may
cause damage in a thunderstorm

P㸦I㸧

Number of lightning strikesN㸦r㸧occurring in a range of radius r

1
I 2.6
31

rkm
rkm

In the area where N
lightning strikes occur
per year in a rangeof 10 km,ȧr 2
N㸦r㸧= N ×ȧ10 2

10km
1

Rail

How many lightning strikes occur
within a range of radius r?

50% value:31kA

20
10
1
0.1

0.1

0.01

What is the probabilityof I occurring?

Distributionof cumulativeP㸦㸧frequency

Lightning strike voltage V (kV)Areas where
30 kV thunderstorm
damage may affectsignalling systems
10 connected
to overhead
power supply lines2

5 10 20 50 100
500
Lightning strike current I㸦kA㸧

What is the probability of thunderstorm damage occurring on signalling systems
in the area hit by 1,000 lightning strikes per year?
Probability T ofthunderstorm
damage occurring

10
2ȧr

T = ∫0 Nȧ10 21+

1
dr = 0.36
200r 2.6
31

Estimated as 0.36 times per year per system

Fig. 2 An example of the estimation of damage to signallingsystems during thunderstorms(11) A technique to check the integrity of design specifications for train
control systems• A proposal for a format of requirements to efficiently check the integrity of design specifications for train control
systems and a technique to utilize the format to check the safety of system functions• Reduction of workloads to prepare design specifications and check the safety of system functions͐͐͐͐͐ Safety requirements for functions
Safety requirements for the function to set stopping limits
Safety requirements for the speed checking function

Scheme of functions
Input: Stopping limit, speed, acquisition of position information
Process: Speed check
Output: Brake control

Definition ofsafetyrequirements
for each of
the functions
composinga train control
systemBasic specifications
Input: Stopping limit, speed, definition of position information
Process: Definition of the speed checking pattern calculating
formula and speed checking conditions
Output: Definition of brake output commands
Safety measures

Entry of safety requirements in each column

Annual Report 2011

Input: Position, troubleshooting for speed detecting devices
Process: Confirmation of the speed not exceeding
the checking pattern

14

Output: Brake output feedback check
Safety side control after detecting an abnormality
Emergency brake control when an abnormality detection

Column of basic
specifications
Hardwarecompositionand control
logic to exclude
danger factors
Column of safetymeasuresTroubleshooting
to confirm thenon-existenceof failuresand control
after detecting
an abnormality

Fig. 1 A proposed format of safety requirements

Design specifications
preparation stage
Step 1
Preparation of systemdesign specifications

Design specifications
integrity confirmation stage
Step 2
Step 3
Confirmation
Confirmationof safety requirementsof conformity

Design specifications
for Function 1
Safety requirements
for Function 1
Confirmation
Calculation of the safety requirements
Confirmationof the conformity
for each function usingof the descriptionsof the specifications
the format and confirmationof safety requirements
for safety requirementsof the statements
for each function
between functionsin the design specifications(implemented(implemented(implemented by the designer)by the evaluator)
by the evaluator)
Safety requirements
for Function 2
Design specifications
for Function 2

Fig. 2 The total flow of the technique to check the integrityof design specifications using the format (in the caseof two functions)(1) A simple technique to calculate the energy consumption of rolling stock

Annual Report 2011

Harmony with the Environment• Development of a simple technique to calculate the amount of energy consumed by EMUs and DMUs without
relying on running test simulation• Clarification of the details of energy consumption at errors of 10% or less
ࠓLegendsࠔ

Energy consumption unit
(kWh/km/car)

2.5
2.0

Air resistance
Machine loss under
power

Mechanical resistance
Machine loss
during regeneration

Curve resistanceNon-regenerative
brake

1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0

Analysis Measured Analysis Measured Analysis Measured Analysis Measured Analysis Measured Analysis Measured

Operation

Commutertransport

Suburbantransport

Commutertransport

Commutertransport

Commutertransport

Control type

InverterInverter

Chopper

Field added
excitation

Limitedexpress
trainsRheostatic

Rheostatic

Fig. 1 A comparison between the calculated and measured energy consumption levels for a variety of EMUs

(2) A system to visualize the spatial distribution of a magnetic field
Small, lightweight and energy-saving• Development of systems to quickly and easily
measure the distribution and strength of themagnetic field inside and outside rolling stock• A scanning system to measure the magnetic field
and identify its precise co-ordinates with a single
magnetic sensor• A matrix system to visually observe the distribution

Distribution of magnetic field
Polarity → ColorStrength → Brightness

and strength of the magnetic field

Fig. 2 A matrix system

Interface unit

0.5

-0.5
-1.5ࠥ-1

5
8

-axᶆ
xxᗙ
is >c
(cm)@
-1ࠥ-0.512-0.5ࠥ0

16
0ࠥ0.5

-1.5
An example of measurement results

Fig. 1 Composition of the scanning system and an example of measurement results

0

10

>(c
m
@)

4

-1

Magnetic sensor

15

0

yyᗙ
-a
xᶆis

Magnetic☢⏺ field (T)Detector of co-ordinates

1

0.5ࠥ1

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Visualization process

15(1) Synthetic brake shoes with an elastic structure to mitigate wheel
damage• Development of synthetic brake shoes with an elastic structure easily adaptable to wheel profiles• Preventing the temperature of wheel treads from rising during braking to ensure improved braking performance
during rainfall

Developed

Elastic
material

Metal block

0
(MPa)
-0.2

Developed

-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.2
-1.4

500
(°C)
450

Suppressionof treadtemperature

Uniform blending ofhard particles-0.4(a) Distribution of stress when pressed
Conventional

Elastic
material

400
350
300
250

Fig. 2 A water-proof synthetic brake shoe with an elastic
structure as developed by RTRI
600

Braking distance (m)Conventional

Uniform blending of hard particles

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Cost Reduction

200

400
285

300
200
39

0

37

387

30

308

142
41

122
60

90

110

Dry

100

Fig. 1 Improvement of tread contact conditions

428

257

139

100

150

(b) Tread temperature during braking

Conventional
Developed

500

269

130
39

30

60

90

Water sprinkled

Initial speed at brake application (km/h)

Fig. 3 Results of the performance tests of cars equippedwith brake shoes featuring an elastic structure(2) A system to support the rotation of container cars
• Development of a prototype system to support the preparation of container car rotation plans• Prediction of freight car flows in the future based on the need to decide freight car mobilization schedules anda proposal for freight car inspection plans designed to cut the number of spare cars

Freight car rotation plan
Freight car inspection plan
preparation support system
proposing function

16

Present

Approximate number ofspare cars to be cut

Annual Report 201116

Freight car mobilization schedule
Prediction of freight car
flows in the future

Proposal forthe inspection day

Freight car rotation controller
Instructions
to omit inspection
Freight station

Number of inspected cars

12

Freight car rotation planner

Proposal for the new system

14

10
8
6
4
2
0
1

3

5

7

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

Number of elapsed days

Fig. 1 Flow of services after introduction of the support
systemFig. 2 A comparison of the number of inspected cars using
the existing and proposed systems

Annual Report 2011

(3) Techniques to create and evaluate the implementation of efficient traincrew diagrams taking the roster sequence into account• Development of a technique to create efficient train crew diagrams taking into account rest time at home,average working time and other roster conditions• Development of a tool to compare/evaluate draft implementation plans and visualize the implementation
evaluating values
Duties concentrate around 25
actual working hours

Initial setting

28.0

28.0

28.0

28.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

Evaluating formula

Roster sequence
reparation / processing

No

Creation of diagrams to minimize
numberactual working

Ȋ of calendar days 㸩 ȘȊ hours

Actual working hours (h)Diagram preparation/ processing

Adjustment basedon the resultsof roster creation

Creation of roster sequence
to minimize the number of employees

Frequency of repetition= Upper limit
Yes

8.0

Calculation of diagramsfor the minimum number of employees

End

Existence of actual working hours
much shorter than other diagrams

Duty planA

8.0

Duty planB

8.0

Duty planC

8.0

Duty planDͤ30-minute graduations
ͤMore duties concentrated in redder areas.

Fig. 1 Flow chart of the duty creating algorithm taking into accountthe roster sequenceFig. 2 An example of the display of the tool tovisualize evaluation values (comparison of the
distribution of actual working hours between
different diagrams)(4) A renewal technology for old bridges• Development of methods to construct monolithic/composite structures of steel beams, abutments andembankments• Reduction of cost to a half or less than that of steel beam replacement work
ձ Cracking and corrosionճInsufficient load carrying at support points
capacity due to corrosion
under sleepers

ղ Inclination of abutment
at earthquakes
մ Noise when trains
pass over the bridge

ճ Improvement of durability ձ Saving of upkeep and(reduction of generated
moment)maintenance costs(elimination of support points)

A composite structureof abutments andembankments

A monolithic structureof steel beams and abutments

ղ Improvement of the earthquake
resistance of abutments

A composite structureof concrete floor slabs
and steel beams

ճ Improvement of durability
մ Reduction of noise
Fig. 3 Construction work of a composite structure(elimination of subjects (3) and (4))

Fig. 2 Construction of a monolithic structure of steel beams,
abutments and embankments (elimination of subjects(1), (2) and (3))

A composite structure

A monolithic structure of steel beams,
abutments and embankments

Elimination of all subjects byconstructing composite andmonolithic structures

Fig. 4 A combination of composite and monolithic structures

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Fig. 1 Subjects for steel beam/abutment type bridges

17Statement of Activity Results 2011

(5) A crack detecting system for steel structures• Development of a practical crack detecting system for steel structures using conductive paint• Improvement of the efficiency of inspection

Development ofa measuring
Measuring instrument
instrument toaccumulate data
and transmit itby radio
External memoryRadiotransmission

Wiring Incorporation into corrosion proofing
paint to prevent wire breaks due
to external factors and guarantee durability

Detection of the emergence anddevelopment of cracks basedon changes in the resistance of
paint film due to breaks
Crack progressing
direction
Crack detection point ࣭Possibility of application to narrow places
࣭Possibility to detect the emergence and development of
cracks for long periods

Fig. 1 An example of the composition of the crack detecting system(6) A high-precision image processing technique to detect and evaluate
cracks in tunnels• Development of a technique to detect the position of tunnel cracks with an error margin of approximately
0.5 mm• Development of an algorithm to calculate and produce tunnel ancillary structures to make a reference point
to locate crack positions• Development of an image processing algorithm to calculate the cracking density (degree of concentration)

Digital image of cracking
Brightness

Light/shade
Light/shade

Annual Report 2011

Secondarydifferential

18

Template based on an actual kilometer post

Position

Template based on a similar fontCalculated kilometer post number plate

Primarydifferential

Template of drop arm

Fig. 1 A technique to detect cracks withhigh precision

Results of drop arm calculation

Fig. 2 Results of automatic calculation of tunnel ancillary structures

Annual Report 2011

(7) An automatic settlement compensating sleeper• Development of a sleeper with an automatic
settlement compensating mechanism as acountermeasure against loose sleepers inballasted track• Confirmation of the reduction in track
Built-in automatic settlementcompensating units

settlement to a value of 1/4 or less at thestructural boundaries of the track and to a value

Fig. 1 Automatic settlement compensating sleeper (Type S)of approximately 1/2 at rail joints through life-size
track model loading tests

Rail joint sleeper
Load

Inner sleeper (Rail side)
Particles

Particles
droppedin the gap

ParticleoutletOuter cylinder(Ballast side)

Load

Automatic settlementcompensating sleeper

Settlement

Fig. 2 Automatic settlement compensating
sleeper (Type SS)

Axle load 100 kN×2

Type S

2
4
6

Without compensating units

8

10
12

0

5

10

15 20
200 400 600 800 1000
Loading frequency (1,000 times)

Fig. 4 A comparison of the differences in settlement at
structural boundaries between the tracks with/without automatic settlement compensating units

Settlement of rail (under load)(mm)

Settlement of rail (under load)(mm)

Fig. 3 Principle of automatic settlement compensating unit0

Existing PC sleeper

Transmissionof load throughthe particles filledin the gap

Axle load 160 kN

0Axle load 200 kN

Type SS

2
4

Without compensating units
6
0

500
1000
1500
Loading frequency (1,000 times)

2000

Fig. 5 A comparison of the differences in settlement at rail
joints between the tracks with/without automatic
settlement compensating units(8) A model used to select appropriate categories of maintenance work to
reduce the risk and cost of track maintenance• Establishment of a model used to propose appropriate categories of maintenance work based on the evaluationof track displacement and material conditions using inspection history data, thereby aiming at reducing therisk and cost of track maintenanceEvaluation of the effect Evaluation of the effectof ballast conditionsof rail conditions
Large

Small

Large

Small

մ

Selection of the maintenancemethod to correct track
displacements

43

Replacement or local profiling
R 800
inside rail
Replacement orcontinuous profiling2
1
0

Corrugation(continuous)
Corrugation(welded part front
and rear ends)-1

Rail profilingor
replacement

Ballastreplacement MTT TT

Rapid
progress Routine
monitor monitor

Fig. 1 A model to select categories of maintenance work

-1

0

1

2

3

Significant
unevennessof welded part
None

4

Difference of the standard deviation Z(wavelength 0.05 to 0.2 m)

Fig. 2 Evaluation of rail conditions based on the difference
between the right and left axle box accelerations
and a proposal for work categories

Statement of Activity Results 2011

ղ

Stepձ
Evaluation of the appropriateness of the maintenance work
to correct track displacements only
High
Low
ճ

Difference of the maximum value Z(wavelength 0.05 to 0.2 m)• Application of the model to reduce track maintenance cost, derailment and other risks

19

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Improvement of Convenience(1) Commercialization of a vibration control system using vertical variable
force dampers
Vertical variable
force damper• Commercialization of a vertical vibration reducing
system using vertical variable force dampers installed

Vertical variable
force damper

Controlunit

in parallel to the secondary suspension system

Acceleration sensor(car-body floor)• Significant reduction of vertical car-body vibration at

Fig. 1 Components of the vibration control system

1 to 2 Hz to achieve a physical sensation of improved

Control unit

ride comfort

Acceleration PSD ((m/s2)2/Hz)

101

Reduction of vibration
LT㸸Ride comfort levelNot controlled(LT:Reference)

Tamatebako(a treasury casket)
of Ibusuki

Smaller LT values correspondto higher levels of ride comfort,
with a physical difference felt
in ride comfort when there is adifference of 3 to 5 dB∆

10 0
10 -1
10 -2
10 -3

Controlled(∆L T =-4.4dB)

10 -4
0.5

1

2

3

4 5

8 10

Frequency (Hz)

Acceleration
sensor20

Fig. 2 An example of the vibration reducing effect of the vibration
control system (vertical car-body acceleration PSD
measured immediately above the truck at 73 km/h)

Vertical variable
force damper

Fig. 3 Ver tical variable force dampers andacceleration sensors installed on the limited
express sightseeing train “Tamatebako (atreasury casket) of Ibusuki”(2) A technique to suppress car-body vibration with quick-damping elastic
supports for under-floor components• Development of “vibration control supports” for under-floor components using quick-damping members toallow application to cars by simply changing the conventional under-floor component supporting system witha nominal increase in mass
• Reduction of car-body elastic vibration and suppression of the propagation of component vibration
Car-body (Section)
Vibration
suppressing
supports Lateral beamComponent frame(Fixed side)

Component(Movable mass)
Component box
Vibration
suppressing support

Mass(Dummy component
movable side)

Dummy under-floor components

Dummy under-floor component
Under-floor component
Application to an actual car
Installation for the test (Left)(a) Installation of dummy under-floor components(b) Components suspended with vibration suppressing supports

20

Acceleration PSD ((m/s2)2/Hz)

Annual Report 2011

100

100

Rigid support㸦LT= 86.7dB㸧
ࠉ

10-1

Application of vibration suppressing
component supports㸦L = 83.0dB㸧
T

10-2
Suppression of
the propagationof vibrationof under-floor
components

10-3
10-4

Reductionof multiple elastic
mode vibrations

10-5
10-6

1

2

4

6

Normalized effective valueof vibration acceleration(The value in the case of rigid
support taken as 100%)

Fig. 1 A scene illustrating an exciting test at the rolling stock testing plant and a schematic drawing of the component
support system using the vibration suppression supports (In this study, the damper suspenders are inserted between
a dummy component and the component holding frame.)

8 10Frequency (Hz)

20

30 40

Fig. 2 Effect of vibration suppressing component supports
Acceleration PSD at the car-body floor by the centerwindows (with LT standing for vertical ride comfort)

100%

80

69.0%

60
40
20
0

Rigid support

Application of vibration
suppressing
component supports

Fig. 3 Effective value of vibration acceleration on the
movable side of the dummy component

Annual Report 2011

(3) A technique to quantitatively determine the catchment areas for stations
in competition with other transport facilities• Development of a technique to determine the catchment areas where users exist for stations in competition
with other transport facilities• Calculation of the probability of users existing in the surrounding blocks, estimation of the number of boarding/alighting passengers, analysis of commercial areas and utilization for station market research
Ratio of elderly people
Ratio of single-person households

70
60

Ratio (%)

50

Attraction ratio (%)

Attraction ratio of the station i against
the neighbouring k stations in competition
Attraction ratio (%)

30
2010.0 < = X < 20.0
20.0 < = X < 30.0
30.0 < = X < 40.0
40.0 < = X < 50.0
50.0 < = X < 60.0
60.0 < = X < 70.0
70.0 < = X < 80.0
80.0 < = X < 90.0
90.0 < = X

100

Station A Station B Station C Station D

When the catchment areas of Station B,
C and D in the same district are compared,
the number of single-person households
is larger around Stations B and D,
while the ratio of elderly people is slightly
higher around Station C

Si / DȢ
i

100
S1 / D + S2 / D2Ȣ +...+ Sk / DkȢ(Ȣ 2ࠥ3)
Ȣ
1

Fig. 1 An example of the calculation of catchment areas fordifferent stations

40

Fig. 2 An example of the analysis of the characteristics
of people living in the catchment areas of different
stations

Basic Research(1) Quantitative evaluation of wheel flange contact face profiles• Development of an ultrasonic measurement technique for wheel flange contact face profiles• Application of the technique to quantitative evaluation of wheel flange contact face profiles
Ultrasonic probe
SectionWheel flange

Tip

Contact pressure

Ultrasonic
probe
Tip

Rail

5 mm

ThroatThroatFig. 1 Ultrasonic measuring system

Fig. 2 An example of a measured wheel flange contact face
profileTip

ThroatEven and smooth wheel / normal rail

Cutting wheel (before sliding) / heat-treated rail

Cutting wheel (after sliding) / heat-treated rail

5 mm

5 mm

Attack angle: 0°
Normal force:ࠉࠉ 25 kN

Attack angle: 0°
Normal force:
25 kN
ࠉStatement of Activity Results 2011

Wheel

Echo height contracting ratio
Attack angle: 1°
Normal force: 25 kN Low
High

Fig. 3 An example of the distribution of echo height contracting ratios (contact pressure)21

Statement of Activity Results 2011

(2) A device to develop a car model completely analogous to actual cars
• Remodeling of test equipment to enable development of a car model completely analogous to actual carsin configuration with precise reproduction of micro-pressure waves and other aerodynamic phenomena
related to tunnels• Implementation of tests of traingenerated winds, low-frequency noiseand other aerodynamic phenomena inopen sections
Fig. 1 A car model completely analogous to actual cars in configuration
2.5

1.5

Pressure gradient (kPa/s)

2.0

Pressure (kPa)

10.0

Field test
Model test
(Analogous configuration)
Model test
(Circular section)

1.0
0.5
0.0

8.0
6.0

Field test
Model test
(Analogous configuration)
Model test
(Circular section)

4.0
2.0
0.0

-0.5
0.1

Time (s)0.2

Fig. 2 Tunnel wall pressure during the passage of the noseof the leading car

Time (s)Fig. 3 The maximum pressure gradient of compressive
waves at the entry of the nose of the leading car(3) Evaluation of the stability of rock slopes by testing with a largescaleshaking table• Assessment of the dynamic behavior and collapsing mechanism of rock slopes by implementing simultaneous
excitation tests in the horizontal and vertical directions of a life-size model on a large shaking table• Possibility of the research results being applicable to the evaluation of the stability of wayside natural slopes
during earthquakes
16.0 m

6.4 m

A slope model having weak shoulders

Uniform slope model

Annual Report 2011

Horizontal and vertical excitation

Fig. 1 A slope model test on a large vibration table

Color bars: Maximum shear strain

Fig. 2 A maximum shear strain contour by the particle method22Annual Report 2011(4) Investigation of the wear and arcing damage of current collecting
materials in the energized state• Clarification of the wear transition mechanism of current collecting materials in the energized state3200 1.02400 0.8
0.6
1600
0.4
800 0.2
0 0.0

3.0

Measured contact voltage
Contact strip melting point

Trolley wire melting point

1

100

10
Load (N)Melting of contact strip

1

10
Load (N)1㹫㹫ձ Form of contact strip
melting wear

2.0
1.5

พ㒊
Concave point

1.0
0.5
0.0
0.1

1

10

100

1000

Arc duration time (ms)(a) Trolley wire

Melting of trolley wire

10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5

80 A
160 A
290 A

2.5

3.0

Radius of arcing mark (mm)(mm3/Nm)

Trolley wire specific wear

Fig. 1 Load versus contact voltage and contact-point temperature (at 100 A)

Radius of dent (mm)

Estimated contact
point temperature (K)Measured contact voltage (V)• Clarification of the relationship of arcing damage with the current and arc duration time

100

1㹫㹫

1㹫㹫

ղ Form of trolley wire
melting wearճ Form of mechanical
wear

80 A
160 A
290 A

2.5
2.0

Arcing mark

1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.1

1

10

100

1000

Arc duration time (ms)(b) Contact strip

Fig. 2 Load and specific wear of trolley wire (at 100 A)

Fig. 3 Characteristics of arcing damage(5) A technique to detect pantograph abnormalities by monitoring fromthe ground• Development of a technique to detect the uneven wear of contact strips and abnormal aerodynamic upward
force of pantographs using sensors on the ground• Confirmation of validity of the technique using in-house tests
Accelerometer(Vertical)

Inclinometer

Accelerometer(Lateral)Axial force meter(a) Location of sensors

Acceleration measuring ear
Accelerometer

Pull-off arm
Running direction

Displacement meter
Pole

Fig. 1 Composition of the sensors to detect uneven wear

Average contact force (N)Pull-off arm

Upward force: High100

Normal50

Upward force: Low
0

0

50

100

Speed (km/h)

150(b) Results of detection (in-house test)
Abnormal aerodynamic upward force simulated
by changing the static lifting force

Statement of Activity Results 2011150

Fig. 2 Detection of abnormal aerodynamic upward
force

23

Statement of Activity Results 2011

(6) A flywheel power storage system using high-temperature
superconductive magnetic bearings• Development of a high-temperature superconductive
magnetic bearing for complete non-contact support

Motor-generator

Permanent-magnet
coupling unit

for a flywheel and a non-contact driving mechanism
for rotation• Realization of a small-scale system for non-contact
levitation and rotation

Rotation side:high-temperaturebulk body

Stationary side:high-temperature
superconductive coil

Motor-generator

FlywheelFig. 2 An image of the superconductive flywheel

2500

Adiabatic vessel

Current (A) Levitation force (N)1610 mm

100

80

60

Fig. 1 A small test device to verify the high-temperature
superconductive magnetic bearing system

Coil current

40

1500

1000

20

0

1100 mm2000

Levitation force

500
Speed ofrotation
0

400

800

Time (sec)

1200

Speed of rotation (rpm)Permanent-magnet
coupling unit

0

Fig. 3 An example of the test results with complete noncontact levitation and rotation

2 Projects for Public Interest
2.1 Research and Development Projects

development, we also launched 16 contracted
research projects and 62 joint research projects withIn FY 2011, we pushed ahead with 308 research

universities and other research institutes, while making

and development themes relating to the future of

positive use of research and development reviews

railways, as well as practical technologies and basic

subject to evaluation and advice from eight learned

railway research. The research and development

and experienced research advisors from outside theprojects were financed by contributions from theorganization.

trustees, and work was completed on 124 themes.

2.2 Surveying Projects
Annual Report 2011

The funds for research and development amounted

24

to 29.1 billion yen, including 470 million yen provided

We nominated a group dedicated to theas subsidy by the government. In addition, we also

promotion of survey activities for social and economic

undertook work on nine research and development

development. Regarding technologies related tothemes contracted with the government and otherrailways in the future, we implemented a survey oforganizations.

a modular business model for railway industries. We

To improve the efficiency of research andseconded staff to the International Union of Railways

(650 participants), 11 monthly presentations (1,156), 29

utilize it for our research and development.

Railway Technical Lectures (1,290) and seven Lectures

Annual Report 2011

(UIC) to collect information on European railways andon Railway Structure Design Standards and other

2.3 Projects Involving Technical Standards
We made progress with the work to draft a design

Technical Criteria (995).

2.6 Diagnosis Guidance Services

standard for composite steel and concrete structures(revision) and implemented surveys on the standard

In response to requests from railway operators, weof earthquake-resistant railway structures, measuresprovided consultancy services on 390 occasions on ato prolong the life of existing earth retaining walls,

number of technical advisory issues including 11 rolling

rolling displacement of car-bodies and evaluation of thestock accidents, four power supply system problems,

magnetic field inside railway vehicles. We also made10 track failures and 12 disasters.

progress with the development of design tools related
to technological criteria.

2.4 Information Services

2.7 International Standards Projects
We promoted activities on railway-related
international standards for the International

We collected information, publications and material

Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)/ Technicalon railways in Japan and abroad and released themCommittee on Electric Facilities and Systems forthrough the Internet and document retrieval services.

Railways (TC 9) and International Organization for

Customers were provided with the whole text ofStandardization (ISO). Regarding IEC/TC 9, we held

the periodicals issued by RTRI on its Home Page.

the 51th General Assembly in Fukuoka, Japan. As it was

We continued electronic archiving of the materials

proposed to organize a Railway Technical Committee

stored in the library, with the accumulated number ofjointly by Germany and France, we decided toimportant electronic documents amounting to about

participate directly in its activities.

67,000 in total.

2.8 Qualification Authorizing Project
2.5 Publications and Lectures
We organized examinations for 718 applicants
We issued periodical and other publications:seeking to qualify as railway consulting engineers on“Annual Report,” “RRR,” “QR,” “Railway Technology

October 23, 2011 in Tokyo and Osaka, of which 134

Avalanche” and “Information on World-Wide Railway

were successful.

Technologies (WRT).” We also held an RTRI Lecture

3 Commercial Projects
that obtained by granting use of patents, we secured

3.1 Research and Development
Project under Contract

approximately 2.90 billion yen. To disseminate research
results and promote profitable projects, we staged(1) Projects in the Public Interest

technology exchange meetings on five occasions for

Regarding projects in the public interest, we wereabout 560 people in total from 200 companies and acontracted to undertake survey and research projects

technology exchange meeting in the Kansai area foron technical criteria with the government (90 million

about 330 people from 100 companies.

yen). We were also contracted to undertake nineprojects on the evaluation of slope stability and others

Statement of Activity Results 2011

Against a target income of 3.34 billion yen, including25

Statement of Activity Results 2011

with independent administrative juridical persons (470

3.2 Railway Technology Promotion Center

million yen), securing an income of 560 million yen.
While assessing technical needs common to(2)Commercial Projects

railway/tramcar business promoters and local railway

Table 1 summarizes the number of customers andthe amount of income from commercial projects inassociations, we made progress with various projects
in close co-operation with these businesses.

FY 2011. While the income from the government,

In the sphere of technical support, we dealt with 73

municipal organizations and independent juridical

inquiries on technical subjects made by members frompersons dropped from that earned in FY 2010, thethe Railway Technology Promotion Center, carried

total income from JR companies, municipal and private

out three site surveys and made four advisory visits.

railways and private enterprises increased.

We held forums on energy saving topics in railways

Major project items contracted with thosein Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Fukuoka and also gave

customers are a survey on international railway

lectures on four occasions at technical workshops

standards (government), system maintenance workorganized by local railway associations. Furthermore,

for facilities and equipment (local public organizations),

we compiled a text book on disasters for leading

surveys on seismographs (Japan Railways companies),

engineers and started compilation of a version covering

projected Shinkansen-related tests, surveys androlling stock.

research (independent juridical persons), management

In the field of survey research, we promoted

and upkeep of a structure control support system

research on six themes in response to requests from(municipal and private railways) and discussions on

members and completed three projects, including one

the construction of earthquake resistant structures

on “the survey and research to suppress corrugated(private enterprises).

wear of rigid contact wires.” We made efforts todisseminate information through the Home Page

Table 1 Classification of customers

CustomerNo. of projects

Amount ofincome(100 million yen)

to provide members with information, collected
information on railway accidents and incidents tostore in the railway safety database and worked on

Government

11

(19)

0.17 (0.89)

Local publicorganization

3

(1)

0.10

Japan railways

111

(80)

9.60 (4.39)

3.3 Railway International Standards Center

42

(44)

6.13 (11.10)

Based on the policy and proposal presented

92

(85)

2.69 (2.22)

Private enterprise

306

(308)

10.34 (9.90)

Total

565

(537)

29.03 (28.91)

Independentadministrative
juridical person
Municipal /private railway(0.41)

compilation of an analytical report on the effect ofnatural disasters on transport.

by the committee on discussions and surveys for

The figure in brackets refers to the previous year.

standardization of railway technologies, we carriedout activities relating to international railway standards
in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)/
Technical Committee on Electric Facilities and Systems
for Railways (TC 9) and International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO). For IEC/TC 9, we held the51th General Assembly in Fukuoka, Japan, where

Annual Report 2011

(3) Total Income26

we provided the secretariat. As it was proposed to

We secured a total income of 3.46 billion yen (theorganize a Railway Technical Committee jointly bysum of income from public interest and commercial

Germany and France, we decided to participate

projects) in FY 2011, reaching 103% of the agreed

directly in its activities.

target of 33.4 billion yen.

Through information exchange with thoseconcerned in foreign countries in Europe and Asia,
we made efforts to collect information on railways andheld meetings for liaison in different divisions and forassociation to develop technologies for gauge-changing

thereby meeting the needs of the committee members

trains. After reaching a target speed (equivalent to thatwhile promoting discussions on international standards.

of the current limited express trains) during running

Furthermore, we held five seminars on how to

tests on the JR Yosan Line, the new cars started running

improve human resources and made information

Annual Report 2011

planning and strategies for international standardization,

tests to verify durability.

available to members and foreign countries via theHome Page.

3.4.2 Industrial Property Rights
We applied for 215 patents and utility models in FY

3.4 Other Activities

2011 (230 patents, etc. in FY 2010). By the end of the
fiscal year, 215 cases were registered (165 within FY

3.4.1 Development of Gauge-Changing EMUs

2010). As a result, the number of patents and utility

To develop gauge-changing EMUs, we carried out

models owned reached a total of 2,201 at the end of

measurements during running tests with a new type

FY 2011.

of car fitted with improved trucks, as a member of the

4 Administrative Organization
4.1 Operation

accepted 100 researchers in return (including 56 from
JR companies). The recipient organizations included theAfter changing its legal status to a public interest

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

corporation on April 1, 2011, RTRI accepted full

(MLITT), Japan Railway Construction, Transport

responsibility for its management duties, including

and Technology Agency, New Energy and Industrial

the meetings of the Boards of Trustees and Executive

Technology Development Organization (NEDO) andDirectors, under the new system. While extending

UIC, while the organizations who seconded staff tosupport to the railways hit by the Tohoku Region Pacificus included MLITT and private railway companies.

Coast Earthquake, we cut operating costs in view ofFurthermore, eight researchers took office as visiting

the severe financial picture. With regard to the issues

professors by request and 37 joined as part-timeof labour safety and hygiene, we took steps to ensure

instructors from different universities.

compliance, raised the morale of staff as a means to

We now have 165 PhDs, 81 consultant engineers,enhance safety and improved working conditions with19 registered metrological engineers and 6 first-classa view to achieving safe and comfortable workplaces.

registered architects.

4.2 Human Resources

4.3 Improvement of Equipment and Facilities
We remodeled the structure loading test facility

career employees to avoid technology gaps between

into a hybrid loading system to enable tests to begenerations and to preserve the potential for researchinterlinked with numerical simulations. In total, 23

and development. We also re-employed 12 retiring

testing machines or devices were newly installed,researchers, called “silver workers,” to ensure theimproved and renewed.

smooth transfer of technical knowledge and skills fromveterans to young employees.

Regarding other facilities, we carried out earthquakeresistant reinforcement work on the lecture hall andAs part of a program of personnel exchanges,

11 test buildings, applied safety measures to renovate

we seconded a total of 59 researchers to otherseven laboratories and implemented energy savingorganizations (including 25 to JR companies) andwork at two worksites and other places.

Statement of Activity Results 2011

We recruited 24 new graduates and two mid-27

Statement of Activity Results 2011

4.4 Measures against Earthquake Damage
We strengthened the emergency stocks that areheld in readiness for restoring operation of damaged
equipment/facilities and revised the manual for action incase of earthquakes or in other emergency situations.
Before that, we reviewed the method used to confirm
the safety of employees and the system for urgent
mobilization during off-duty hours. As an urgent powersaving measure in the wake of the nuclear power
plant accident in Fukushima, Japan, we adjusted thedays when large-scale testing machines are operated
and restricted the use of lighting apparatus and airconditioning equipment.

4.5 Visitors
The Kunitachi Head Office Laboratory andthe Maibara Wind Tunnel Technical Center had
approximately 1,970 and 270 guests, respectively, in
FY 2011. About 1,500 participants attended the RTRI
Technical Forum held at the Kunitachi Head Office on
October 21 and 22, 2011. In addition, approximately
4,900 people visited the RTRI open house festival on

Annual Report 2011

October 8, 2011.

28

Annual Report 2011

International Activities
1 Joint Research with Overseas Research Organizations
In FY 2011, we pushed ahead with joint research
projects in three framework programs with overseas

1.2 Joint Research with French
National Railways

railway research organizations. Each division also
implemented joint research based on its own interests
with railways and universities in foreign countries.

RTRI and Société Nationale des Chemins de fer
Français (SNCF) have been carrying out joint research
after the two parties concluded a protocol on joint

1.1 Joint Research with China
Academy of Railway Sciences
and Korea Railroad ResearchInstituteresearch in November 1995. In May 2011, RTRI
and SNCF held an interim meeting at the venue of
WCRR2011 (Lille, France). The 5th joint research
program is now in progress in the fields of inspectionof overhead contact wires, ride comfort, wireless

The tripartite joint research by Japan, China andKorea is being handled by the three parties after thesensor networks and the management of researchand development.

two bilateral research programs (1) between RTRI and
China Academy of Railway Sciences (CARS) and (2)between RTRI and Korea Railroad Research Institute

1.3 Joint Research with the Railway
Safety and Standards Board, UK(KRRI) were combined into a single scheme.
Aiming at sharing research results and exchanging

RTRI concluded an agreement on joint research

information, joint seminars have been held since 2001

with the Railway Safety and Standards Board (RSSB)

by Korea, Japan and China under a rotation formula. In

in the UK in October 2008, started joint research in2011, the 11th seminar, which was originally scheduled

December 2008 and in December 2011 exchanged

to be hosted by RTRI, was held in November in Beijing

information on the theme of increasing line capacity,

by CARS; the venue was changed to the capital oftaking into consideration the nodes or bottlenecks in

China because Japan was affected by the Tohoku

railway networks.

Region Pacific Coast Earthquake.
The research themes promoted by RTRI are thederailment limit in high-speed running, methods for

1.4 Joint Research with Other
Research Organizations

mutual use and control of testing facilities, adhesion
We are carrying out joint research in the fieldtests, restoration of contaminated soil, methodsof information on transport with the Swiss Federal

to investigate micro-organisms, comparison ofRailways under a collaborative research agreement

performance in different environments, measurement

and also with such universities/institutions as thetechnologies for trolley wires and pantographs, human

University of Cambridge in the UK (facilities status

factors, the effect of train vibration and data processing

monitoring), Massachusetts Institute of Technology

technologies from track measurements.

in the US (high-temperature superconductivity) and
Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden (air flow
calculation method, rail/wheel contact fatigue).

International Activities

between wheel and rail, standardization of EMC

29

International Activities

2 Support for WCRR Sessions
The World Congress on Railway Research (WCRR)

made efforts to collect sponsors and invite experts tostems from the RTRI-sponsored Tokyo international

contribute papers, while supporting the administration

seminar held in 1992 to which RTRI invited a numberof the conference as a whole. We kept JR group standsof leading members in the field of research andopened at the venue, with more than 40 members

development from major railway operators and otherfrom RTRI attending the general assembly andorganizations in different countries across the world.

research sessions, including 34 speakers, executives

WCRR has since developed into an internationaland employees alike.

conference attended by railway engineers from aroundPreparatory work to support WCRR2013, tothe world who place particular emphasis on research

be held in Sydney, Australia, in November 2013, isamong the themes of technological development.

now in progress by the Administrative and Executive

On the occasion of WCRR2011 held in May 2011, we

Committee, along with executive and staff members.

3 Co-operation with Domestic Organizations
Through co-operation with the Ministry of Land,

in August and offered technical information on EMUs

Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan, andwith a hybrid power source in “the best approach

related domestic organizations, we are contributingbook”; we also prepared information material for the

to bolstering relationships with overseas railway

ASEAN countries and accepted foreign trainees frompromoters. In FY 2011, we held lectures on rolling stock

universities in various countries and hosted a number

and electrical systems in Thailand in July, introducedof study tour groups.

RTRI’s technical development at a TV meeting in Turkey

4 Collection of Overseas Technical Information
We seconded staff to the International Union ofassembly and the International Railway Research Board

Railways (UIC) to collect information on the technical(IRRB) meeting held in Paris in December 2011 andresearch and development of railways in Europe. We

the US Transportation Research Board (TRB) meeting

participated in the UIC Asian Region Assembly held

held in Washington DC in January 2012.

in Goa, India, in November 2011, the UIC general

Annual Report 2011

5 Dissemination of Information30

In 2011, we issued the Annual Report 2010 (English

submission of information to the Sharing Portal forversion) and the Newsletter “Railway Technology

Access to Rail Knowledge (SPARK), an information

Avalanche” four times, which introduces the recent

sharing site owned by RSSB.

activities of RTRI. In parallel, we started preparing theAnnual Report 2011

6 Overseas Visitors to/from RTRI
Tables summarize the number of overseas visitors, respectively, from/to RTRI.
Table 1 Number of overseas visitors from RTRI (By purpose)

WCRR
Conference/meeting
Survey/Research
Joint researchTechnical guidanceContract
Miscellaneous
Total

Asia

Europe

0
30
8
19
1
14
38
110

39
75
2
14
0
8
30
168

North
America
0
18
3
2
0
0
1
24

South
America
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
2

Oceania

Total

2
2
0
0
0
0
0
4

41
126
13
35
1
23
69
308

Table 2 Number of overseas visitors to RTRI (By country)

Asia
192

Europe67

North America
9South America
2Africa
9

Total
279

7 Railway International Standards Center
To facilitate smooth operation of the Railway

yen for business promotion, 34 million yen as travel

International Standards Center, we hold a planning/

expenses and 70 million yen as personnel expenses,

operation consulting meeting with those representing

which amount to approximately 212 million yen in total.

the members working for the Center twice or morea year to discuss business plans, budgets for balance(3) Number of Membersof payment, business reports, acceptance/withdrawal

The new entrants in FY 2011 were 26 juridicalof members and other important issues related

persons/groups, which bring the total number ofto the operation of the Center. To maintain close

members to 109 juridical persons/groups as at thecommunications with members, we hold a member

end of FY 2011.

liaison meeting twice or more every year to ensure
positive opinion exchanges among members.

(4) Members Liaison Meeting

7.1 Operation and Management

February 2012, when we reported the proceedings

We held member liaison meetings in May 2011 andat the planning/management meeting and exchanged(1) Planning/Management Consulting Meeting

opinions with members.

We held the Planning/Management Consulting
Meetings in May 2011 and February 2012 to discuss

7.2 Review of IEC and ISO Standards

the business report on FY 2010 and the business plansfor FY 2012.

The Railway International Standards Center is now
acting as a national reviewing body for the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)/TC 9 (Electric

Income in FY 2011 was: approximately 87 million

facilities and systems of railways) and the International

yen from membership fees, one million yen fromstandardization organization (ISO)/TC 17 (Steel)/SC

grants, 90 million yen from JR contribution fees and

15 (Rails and auxiliaries).

43 million yen appropriated from the general account(carried forward from FY 2010), in all amounting toapproximately 221 million yen.
The expenditure was: approximately 105 million(1) Response to the Proposal for Organizing a
Railway Technical Committee in ISO
France and Germany jointly proposed theInternational Activities(2) Settlement of Accounts in FY 201131

International Activities

organization of a Railway technical committee (Railway(3) Activities of ISO/TC 17/SC 15

TC) in ISO on November 22, 2011. In reply to the

We held meetings of the National Committee,

request of the Japan Industrial Standards Committee

ISO/TC 17/SC 15, in August 2011 and February 2012

(JISC), the Railway International Standards Center

to discuss and report on correspondence relating todrafted Japan’s answer to the proposal, based on

different standards and the proposal for setting up thewhich JISC voted in favour of the proposal. As the votes

Railway TC.

from different countries satisfied the conditions for

Four members from Japan attended the ISO/TC

instituting the TC, it was formally decided to organize

17/SC 15 committee meeting held in Düsseldorf,

the ISO Railway TC. This followed a poll conducted

Germany, on June 9, 2011.

by correspondence which was arranged by the ISO
Technical Management Board (TMB).
While making arrangements to accept the role of anational organization corresponding to the ISO Railway

Furthermore, we seconded 14 members in total
from the Railway International Standards Center andother divisions in RTRI to international conferences fordiscussions on standards.

TC, the Railway International Standards Center is now
making preparations so that Japan can be in a position
to exert leadership in the ISO Railway TC.

(4) Activities for ISO Railway Standards
We participated in the national committee andalso seconded experts to international conferences(2) Activities of IEC/TC 9

to discuss standards for noise measuring methods,

We held the National Committee meetings forsynthetic sleepers, fare control systems and other items

IEC/TC 9 in July and October 2011 and in Februarythat are not included in the scope of ISO/TC 17/SC 15.

2012, to discuss the institution of standards and report
the status thereof.
IEC/TC 9 held the 51th General Assembly inFukuoka, Japan, on November 15 to 18, 2011, with

7.3 Discussions on Strategies forInternational Standardization in
the Field of Railways

the Railway International Standards Center acting
as secretariat (Fig.1). The event was attended by

To achieve an effective response towards

42 members from 12 countries, including 10 frominternational standardization in the field of railways,

Japan (inclusive of six from the Railway International

we are discussing what strategies to deploy.

Standards Center). The assembly passed 44 resolutions
in total, including one to standardize “the procedure to(1) Collection of Opinions on Strategies

determine the specifications for the train radio system”(a) Liaison meetings between members inaccording to the proposal put forward by Japan. The

different divisions

participants paid a technical visit to the Kumamoto
General Rolling Stock Center.

We have meetings to maintain liaison between
members in each of the 10 divisions (rolling stock,

Regarding the discussions on standards, domestic

car-mounted electrical equipment, parts, power,

working groups met more than 70 times and seconded

trolley wires, signals, station facilities, tracks, non-about 70 members (from the Railway International

manufacturing matters and JR affairs), in which opinions

Standards Center and other divisions in RTRI) to

were exchanged on such issues as the development ininternational conferences.

Europe and divisional needs to introduce international
standards.

Annual Report 2011(b) Meetings on strategies/planning of international

32

standardization
We held meetings on strategies/planning ofinternational standardization in July 2011 and January
2012 to discuss and report on correspondence relating
to the proposal to set up the ISO Railway TC.
Fig.1

A scene from the IEC/TC 9 General Assembly inFukuoka, Japan

JapanBased on the results of the discussions at the

7.6 Overseas Dissemination ofJapanese Railway Technical
Information

Annual Report 2011

(2) Discussions on the Issues Proposed by

Liaison Meetings between Members in Different
Divisions and the Meetings on Strategies/Planning of

To make the Japanese railway technical information

International Standardization, we decided to propose

related to international standardization available, we

the standardization work on the hybrid system foropened a homepage in English, through which werolling stock to IEC/TC 9.

introduced the status of the discussions on international
standards in Japan. We also compiled an English(3) Discussions on the Organization of abrochure to explain the activities of the Railway

Railway Technical Committee in ISO

International Standards Center to related organizations

Regarding Japan’s proposal to set up a Railway

in overseas countries.

TC in ISO, it was agreed at the first meeting on
strategies/planning for international standardizationthat ISO would have discussions on whether setting
up the TC is appropriate or not after analyzing the

7.7 Promotion of International
Standardization Awareness andTraining of Human Resources

movement in Europe. ISO repeated the discussion
at the following meeting on strategies/planning for(1) Seminars

international standardization. As France and Germany

In response to the recent developments injointly proposed the establishment of an ISO Railway

international standardization, we compiled andTC on November 22, 2011, however, it was formallysummarized reference materials and held five seminars

decided, after a vote was taken, to organize the ISO

for a total of 371 participants to disseminate basic

Railway TC.

knowledge about international standardization.

Responding to this decision, the Railway
International Standards Center is making preparations
so that Japan can be in a position to exert leadershipin the ISO Railway TC.

7.4 Proposals for Domestic Standardization
Regarding the international standards already inforce and those expected in the future, we discussed
the need to set corresponding domestic standards andsupported the work required to incorporate them in

Fig.2

A scene from the seminar on international
standardization

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).
(2) Secretariat Activities to Honor the

7.5 Collection, Analysis and Proposals
for Information

Contributors to Standardization Schemes
The Railway Technology Standardization Survey/
Discussion Committee sponsored by the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan,

the introduction of standards in Europe and related

honors those who have contributed to standardization

countries in other regions, we implemented theactivities. Under the assignment by the said Ministry,following:

the Railway International Standards Center acts as• A survey of the introduction and spread ofa secretariat for this celebratory event. In FY 2011,

regenerative brakes in Europe

four people won an official commendation and two• A survey of the effect of standardization on railways

were awarded prizes as encouragement for their• Translation into Japanese of important overseas

contribution to standardization.

standards

A person in the field of railways was also awardeda prize by the Director, Industrial Technology

International Activities

To collect information on developments concerning

33

International Activities

Environment, at the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry, Japan. Furthermore, those people whose
work is related to railways in Japan are also highly
esteemed in international circles, in that a person wasawarded an IEC1906 prize by IEC, for example.

7.8 Promotion of Co-operation with
Overseas Railway Personnel(1) Co-operation with Railway-StandardsRelated Personnel in Europe
An information exchange meeting was held in
September 2011 between JISC-Comité Européende Normalisation (CEN) and Comité Européende Normalisation Électrotechnique (CENELEC) in
Germany. JISC-CEN Railway Working Group wasattended by five members from Europe including
the Chairperson, CEN/Railway Expert Committee(TC 256), and eight members from Japan. Active
discussions were held in relation to informationexchange at the JISC-CENELEC Railway Working
Group by eight participants from Europe including
the Chairperson, CENELEC/Railway Electric Facilities
Expert Committee, and 14 participants from Japan.
(2) Co-operation with Railway-StandardsRelated Personnel in Asia
We visited the Ministry of Transport and the Land
Transport Agency, Singapore, in July 2011 and KRRI
in November 2011 to exchange information, and we
decided to continue information exchange with eachparty approximately once a year.
We held a seminar on international railway
standards for the participants in the meeting of ASEAN
railway CEO members in conjunction with UIC in
October 2011 and another seminar in Malaysia in
February 2012. Based on the results of such seminars,
we will promote co-operation with railway operators

Annual Report 2011

in Asia from now on.

34

Annual Report 2011

Newly Installed andRemodeled
Machines/Facilities
We carried out earthquake-resistant reinforcement work on the lecture hall and on 11 test buildings, applied safetymeasures to renovate seven laboratories and implemented energy saving work at two worksites and other places.
Regarding test equipment, we completed the installation work of a hybrid loading test machine in March 2012.
We also introduced/remodeled 22 test facilities, of which major items are summarized below.

1 Introduction of a Hybrid Loading Test Machine
We introduced a loading test machine to implementof the whole structure is evaluated using numericalhybrid tests for structures. A hybrid test is a new testing

analyses and the behavior of reinforced concrete

method for civil engineering structures to interlink

and other members having non-linear characteristics

experiments and numerical analyses, in that the behavior

is evaluated by experiments. By implementing
experiments and analyses simultaneously
and interlinking the resultant data, it isDeformation wall
Actuator

now possible to evaluate the large-scale
deformation behavior of structures withconsiderable precision, in particular during
major earthquakes. The capacity of thedisplacement of ±250 mm under astatic load of 750 kN and a maximum
displacement of ±40 mm at frequency 1
Hz under three sine-wave 300 kN loads. To
evaluate the safety of railway structures, wedeveloped the machine, placing particularFig.1 Hybrid loading test machineemphasis on its ability to deal with large
displacements.

Newly Installed and Remodeled Machines/Facilities

hybrid loading test machine is:  a maximum

35

Newly Installed and Remodeled Machines/Facilities

2 Installation of a Truck Swinging Performance
Test Machine
We use the track swinging performance test

under the train load with air springs, dampers andmachine to measure the truck swinging resistance ordraw bars incorporated in the truck (under working

the rotational resistance when the truck runs through aconditions), whereas we used to measure it indirectly

curve, which is closely linked with the curve negotiatingin the past by summing up the results of performance

performance of trucks. This resistance consists of thetests of different components, as we were not able toforce to twist the air springs in the longitudinal direction

directly measure the resistance on the rolling stock test

and that generated in the dampers between truck andstand. However, we can now apply the measurement

car-body. It is now possible to measure the resistanceresults to the research and development (such as
simulation technologies) to improve thesophisticated curve negotiating performanceof trucks. To allow use of the machine forinspecting rolling stock for export, we have

Retaining
ring swing
table

chosen its specifications on the basis of thestandards applied in tests in Europe. The
machine also has a function to measure

Swing table

Wheel load/lateral force
measuring unit table

Swinging
resistancemeasuringload cellswing table
Power-driven
actuator swing table

the force exerted between wheel and rail
(wheel load and lateral force) at the sametime as measuring the swinging resistance.

Fig.2 Truck swinging performance test machine

3 Replacement of a Vibration Testing Device for
Components Used by Railways
We replaced a vibration and impact testing device

adopted random wave excitation in place of thefor rolling stock components and other equipment

conventional sinusoidal wave excitation. The newwhich had been installed in FY 1991. When it was

testing device exerts a maximum exciting force ofrevised in 2008, the JIS E4031 standard on the

40 kN and allows a maximum load of 500 kg, while

methods of vibration tests for rolling stock componentsfeaturing two independent excitation directions,vertical and horizontal. It enables random

Vibration machine
Horizontal table
Horizontal
exiting tablewave excitation in addition to sinusoidal
wave excitation to facilitate vibration
tests in accordance with the existing JIS
standard, which were not possible withthe conventional testing equipment.
Furthermore, the new testing device enables

Annual Report 2011

sinusoidal half-wave pulse impact tests and36

Vertical
auxiliary table

arbitrary time history waveform excitation,
thereby significantly expanding the scope of
application and purpose beyond that of theconventional test equipment.

Fig.3 A railway component vibration test machineAnnual Report 2011

Activities in the 25th
Anniversary YearIn the 25th Anniversary Year of RTRI, we held a commemorative symposium “RTRI-25 Years from Now”
as an opportunity to consider our management, activities and the direction in which to proceed from now on,
with all executive and staff members gathered in a hall.

1 Time and Date
14:00 to 17:15, December 9, 2011 (Fri.)

2 Venue
RTRI Lecture Hall

3 Participants
Executive and staff members, technical advisors (430 persons)* Relayed to the Maibara Wind Tunnel Test Center through the Internet

4 ProgramThree-part composition: (1) RTRI-25 Years in the Past (Lecture 1), (2) Present Activities (Lecture 2) and (3)RTRI-25 Years from Now (Panel Discussion)
Steering person: Hideyuki Takai, Director, Planning Division
Lecture 1: “A 25-Year Challenge to Upgrade Railway Functions”
Lecturer: Hideyuki Takai, Director, Planning Division
Lecture 2: “What shall we do now?”
Lecturer: Norimichi Kumagai, Vice President

Activities in the 25th Anniversary Year

Panel Discussion“RTRI – Our Mission for 25 Years from Now”
Moderator
Hisashi Tarumi, President
Panelists
・Norimichi Kumagai, Vice President
・Takahiro Tomioka, Senior Researcher, Laboratory Head, Vehicle Noise and Vibration, Vehicle Structure
Technology Division
・Yoshitaka Murono, Senior Researcher, Laboratory Head, Earthquake and Structural Engineering,
    Structures Technology Division
・Shigeto Hiraguri, Senior Researcher, Laboratory Head, Train Control Systems, Signalling and
Telecommunications Division
・Masaru Tomita, Senior Researcher, Laboratory Head, Applied Superconductivity, Materials Technology Division
・Yumeko Miyachi, Senior Researcher, Laboratory Head, Safety Analysis, Human Science Division37

Activities in the 25th Anniversary Year

5 Summary of Programs
In Lecture 1, Director Takai, Planning Division,

environments” and “The current subjects for RTRI.”

reflected on the development of RTRI in the past 25

Then, young panelists or five laboratory heads

years, outlining the activities of RTRI since its inception

presented their opinions on such issues as “howwhile using pictures and drawings, introducing

research themes should be evaluated,” “the relationshipimproved test facilities to support its activities and to

between government and railway operators,” “keeping

maintain technological potential, and setting up new

and training of human resources,” “importance of basicorganizations to cope with the expanded scope of

research,” “viability of simulation in research” and “theactivities.

necessity of summarizing accident data.”

In Lecture 2, Vice President Kumagai summarized

After questions from the audience were answered,

the subjects and directions to follow in order toactive information exchanges took place between theenhance the presence of RTRI based on the present

panelists and participants on such themes as “training

situation of railway industries. He emphasized thethe successors of Heads of Laboratory,” “keeping

importance of bearing in mind the “RTRI Researchhuman resources” and “how to invest in test facilities.”

Map,” a plan for research and development that was

To conclude the seminar, the moderator stated,summarized in 2009 envisaging RTRI’s image for the“Twenty-five years have passed since RTRI was

next 25 years and requiring each employee to act

inaugurated. In the meantime, we have constantly

positively while recognizing the social role of RTRI.

sought to make progress. Now, we have a group of

To consider the next 25 years for RTRI, we set two

resolute researchers on board. For the coming 25 years,

themes in the panel discussions based on Lectures 1

we shall continue to challenge innovative research andand 2, “the future image of management and operation

development, to discuss test facilities based on a new– what research management shall be” and “future

concept, to show integrated technologies supported

image of research and development – research toby our experience and accumulated knowledge, toachieve breakthroughs.”

maintain close links with railway operators and to

At the beginning, President Tarumi, Moderator,
raised two topics: “Changes in the social and transport

Annual Report 2011

Fig.1 Lecture 1 (left) and Lecture 2 (right)

38

proceed further under a banner which reads: keep tothe fundamentals.”Fig.2 Panel Discussion

1 Publications

Annual Report 2011

Appendix(1) RTRI ReportVol. No.

Appendix

TitlesSpecial Features: Power Supply Technology
REVIEW: Recent State of Researches on Power Supply Technology for Electric Railways
PAPERS: Earth-fault Detection of Feeder Cables for D.C. Traction
PAPERS: Foult Current Analysis Considering Frequency Response of Feeding Circuits
Vol. 25
PAPERS: Installation Guidelines of Overhead Contact Line for Shinkansen High-speed Operation
No. 4
PAPERS: Measures for Running of Train with One Pantograph in Copper Rigid Conductor Equipment(Apr. 2011)
PAPERS: Unevenness of Sliding Surface of Overhead Rigid Conductor Line and its Reduction Method
PAPERS: Detecting Method of Step-shaped Wear on Contact Strip by Measurement of Contact Wire Vibration
PAPERS: Development of the Hanger-ear against Heavily Corrosive EnvironmentRESEARCH REPORT: Trend Investigation of Image Technology Application to Contact Line Inspection and Condition Monitoring
Special Features: Signalling and Telecommunications Technology
REVIEW: Trends of Radio Based Train Cotrol Systems
PAPERS: Train Control System for Secondary Lines using Radio Communications in Specific Area
PAPERS: Development of Train Cotrol System by Using Information of Train Position with Wireless IC-tag
Vol. 25 PAPERS: Development of the Track Circuit with Excellent Noise Immunity Performance
No. 5
PAPERS: Monitoring Method for a Switching Load of Spring Point Machines(May 2011) PAPERS: Development of a System to Make up an Interlocking Circuit Diagram Automatically from an Interlocking Table
PAPERS: Development of a Lightning Surge Calculation Model on Railway Level Crossing
PAPERS: A Visibility Check Method for Obstruction Warning Signal
PAPERS: Development of a Simulation Software to Calculate Fluctuations of Strength of Radio Disturbance Wave Emitted from
Railway Systems to Railway SideSpecial Features: Railway Dynamics
REVIEW: Recent Research and Development in Railway Dynamics
PAPERS: Control of Contact force between Pantograph and Catenary Using Impedance Control Technique
PAPERS: Direction and Velocity Characteristics of Air Flow around Pantograph of Running Train
Vol. 25
PAPERS: Development of Lateral Damper for Improvement of Running Safety of Railway Vehicles in Case of Occurrence of an Earthquake
No. 6
PAPERS: Characteristics of Secondary Suspension of Vehicle under Large Dislacement Condition(Jun. 2011)
PAPERS: An Effective Application Method of Friction Moderator to Low Rail of Curve
PAPERS: A Estimation Method for Equivalent Natural Period with Microtremor Measurement
PAPERS: Numerical Study on Performance Evaluation of Vehicle Guide Device
PAPERS: Dynamic Behavior of Ballasted Track at Earthquake
Special Features: Disaster Prevention Technology
REVIEW: Characteristics of the Recent Disaster Corresponding to Change of Nature and the Prospects of Future Research and Development
PAPERS: Improvement of Earthquake-parameter Estimation for Earthquake Early Warning
Vol. 25 PAPERS: Calculation Technique to Reduce Drift Component in Integrating Ground Displacement from Seismic Acceleration Records
No. 7
PAPERS: A Method for Precaution against Avalanches Based on Stability Indices of the Slope Snow Cover(Jul. 2011) PAPERS: Health-monitoring System for Bridge Pier Foundation by Micro-tremor Measurement
PAPERS: Evaluation Methods of Rock Lump Stability on Rock Slopes
PAPERS: A Method of Determining Priorities for Investment in Disaster Prevention for Rockfalls from Slopes
PAPERS: Evaluation of Influence of Anemomerter Position around Railway Structures on Observation Data of Wind
Special Features: Vihicle Technology
REVIEW: Recent Topics on Railway Vihicle Technology
PAPERS: Suppression of Low-frequency Lateral Vibration by Improving the Response of Pneumatic Actuator for Tilt Control
PAPERS: Parameter Updating of an Analytical Model for Three-Dimensional Flexural Vibrations of Carbody by Using Measured Data
Vol. 25
PAPERS: A Method of Sound Monitoring for Railway Vehicles with Acceleration on a Bogie
No. 8
PAPERS: Evaluation of Carbody Strength against Loads from the Side
(Aug. 2011)
PAPERS: Alteration of Turned Wheel’s Surface Condition and Effectiveness of Lubrication against Flange Climb Derailment
PAPERS: Study of Heat Radiation Materials Using High Thermal Conductivity Organic Fiber for Electronic Components and Power Devices
PAPERS: A Simplified Calculation Method of Energy Consumption for Railway Vehicles
PAPERS: Development of the Estimating Method of Low-frequency Return-current of DC Electric Railcar
Special Features: Seismic Design Technology for Railway Structures
REVIEW: Trend of Recent Techniques Regarding Seismic Design of Railway Structures
PAPERS: Evaluation of the Level 2 Earthquake Motion by Using Recent Records
PAPERS: Evaluation of Nonlinear Dynamic Response at Subsurface Ground Applying GHE-S Model
Vol. 25
PAPERS: Angular Rotation Assesment Method for Track Using Seismic Wavelength Originated from Surface Waves
No. 9
PAPERS: The Verification Method of Restorability of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Using the Total Cost Index(Sep. 2011)
PAPERS: Seismic Design of Retaining Wall and Bridge Abutment Considering the Dynamic Response Characteristic
PAPERS: Evaluation of Failure Mode of Cut and Cover Tunnels in Consideration of Non-linearrity of Ground
PAPERS: Simple Method to Evaluate the Residual Uplift Displacement of Open Cut Tunnel Caused by Liquefaction
PAPERS: Effect of Inertial and Kinematic Interaction on Seismic Behavior of Various Types of Structures

39

Appendix

TitlesSpecial Features: Materials Technology
REVIEW: Recent Trend of Research and Development on Materials for Railway Facilities
PAPERS: Development of an Alkali-Silica-Reaction Suppressing Material with Li-containing Zeolite
PAPERS: Development of a Compact Permanent Magnet System Based on High Tc Superconductors
Vol. 25
PAPERS: New Grease Replacement System for Midterm Lubrication for Traction Motor Bearings
No. 10
PAPERS: Mechanism and Countermeasure of Wheel Tread Thermal Cracking(Oct. 2011)
PAPERS: Evaluation of Life Cycle CO2 Emissions by Various Types of the Meter Gauged Railway Vehicle
PAPERS: Evaluation of Workability on Flame Resisting Magnesium Alloy
PAPERS: Improvement in Performance of Piezoeletric-rubber Using Particles Orientation
PAPERS: Ion-exchange Properties of Hardened Geopolymer Paste
Special Features: Environmental Technology
REVIEW: Current Status of Research and Development on Railway Aerodynamics
PAPERS: Quantitative Estimation of the Influence of Surrounding Buildings on Wayside Railway-noise Level
PAPERS: Noise Reduction Effect of Low Barriers Installed Close to Rail
Vol. 25
PAPERS: An Investigation on Vibratory and Acoustical Characteristics of Concrete Bridge for Shinkansen
No. 11
PAPERS: Analysis of Mechanism of Wind Lord Reduction of the Developed Soundproof System(Nov. 2011)
PAPERS: Experimental Method in Wind Tunnel Tests to Simulate the Turbulent Flow on the Roof of High-speed Trains
PAPERS: Propagation Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Component of Train-induced Ground Vibration
PAPERS: Evaluation of Mutagenic Effect of Complex Magnetic Fields with Static and Time-varying Magnetic Fields
PAPERS: A Simulation Method on Airflow and Temperature in Long Railway Tunnel with Ventilation Fans
Special Features: Transport Information Technology
REVIEW: Application of Mathematical Optimization Technologies to Railways - Recent Trends and Future Prospects PAPERS: A Practical Train Rescheduling Algorithm Applying Predetermined Factors
PAPERS: A Psychological Model of Passengers’ Dissatisfaction for Evaluating Train-rescheduling Plans on Metropolitan Rail Lines
Vol. 25
PAPERS: Rolling Stock Rescheduling Algorithm for Passenger Trains durins Disruption of Train Operation
No. 12
PAPERS: Providing Train Information on forecast and Consequential Decision Making for Train-choice(Dec. 2011)
PAPERS: Development of Low-cost Fare Collection System Suitable for Medium-scale City Areas
PAPERS: Development of an Estimation Method of Modal Share Considering Passengers’ Latent Preference for Transportation Modes
PAPERS: Availability Evaluation of Sensor Networks for the Railway Facilities Condition Monitoring
RESEARCH REPORT: Technical Issues to be Faced with Identified from the Management Analysis of Local Railway Companies
Special Features: Human Science
REVIEW: Recent Topics on Human Scientific Approach to Railway Transport Research
PAPERS: Occurrence Factors of Sleepiness of Freight Train Drivers
PAPERS: Experience-Based PC Learning System for Human Error Prevention by Point and Call Check
Vol. 26
PAPERS: Method to Support Risk Management of Human Error in the Traffic Dispatchers
No. 1
PAPERS: Simulation of Behavior of Passengers aboard Commuter Train in the Event of Level Crossing Accident(Jan. 2012)
PAPERS: Promoting the Consciousness of Railway Employees about Keeping Rules for Making Passenger Announcements
PAPERS: Method of Evaluating Ride Comfort Reflecting Passengers’ Subjective Sensation to High Frequency Vibration
PAPERS: Analysis of Odorous Chemicals Collected in the Air of Railway Facilities
RESEARCH REPORT: Social Cognitive Contents for Risk Management
Special Features: Track Technology
REVIEW: The History of Track Structure Design and the Future
PAPERS: Development of the Body-mounted Track Measuring Device with the Inertial Mid-chord Offset Method
PAPERS: Optimal Track Maintenance Strategy Model Constructed by Considering Deterioration Level of both Rail and Ballast
Vol. 26
PAPERS: Development of Pre-packed Concrete Trackbed for Shinkansen
No. 2
PAPERS: Study of the Effect of Track Irregularity Prevention Methods for the Transition Zone between Different Track Structures(Feb. 2012)
PAPERS: Experimental Study on the Prediction Method of Transverse Crack Growth Rate in Rail Head
PAPERS: Laying Standards of Wire Spring Clip Fastening System in the Curved Section
PAPERS: Selection of An Effective Surface Treatment Method of Wire Spring Clips in the Severe Corrosion Environment
OTHER PAPER: Influential Factors on Adhesion between Wheel and Rail under Wet Conditions
Special Features: Vehicle Technology
REVIEW: Leading-edge of Technology of Rail-vehicles Expected for Practical Use
PAPERS: Fundamental Tests of Rapid Prototyping Bogie
PAPERS: Performance Tests of Assist Steering System for Bolsterless Truck
Vol. 26
PAPERS: An Application of Assist Steering System for Bogie Angle Linked Steering Truck
No. 3
PAPERS: Pneumatically Operated Floating Brake Calliper for Shinkansen Vehicles(Mar. 2012)
PAPERS: Load Estimation Method of Truck Frame by Measuring Acceleration
PAPERS: Numerical Analysis of Improvement of Curving Performance of a Vehicle by Providing Wheel Tread Profile with Fine Unevenness
PAPERS: Study on Noise Radiated from Gear Case of Parallel Cardan Driving Device
PAPERS: Reduction of Reactor Weight by Using Electromagnetic Coupling

Annual Report 2011

Vol. No.

40

Vol. No.

Titles
PAPERS: Broadband Telecommunication System for Railways Using Laser Technology
PAPERS: Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rail Freight Transport in Reducing Logistics Costs and Carbon Dioxide(CO2) Emissions
PAPERS: Freight Locomotive Rescheduling Algorithm under Disordered Train Operation
Vol.52
PAPERS: Application of Nanocomposites to Floor Sheet for Railway Vehicle
No.2
PAPERS: Evaluation of the Durability of Cement-based Repair Materials(May 2011) PAPERS: Influence of Type of Grinding Stone on Rail Grinding Efficiency
PAPERS: Investigation of Radiation Characteristics of Noise from Rail
PAPERS: A Method for Prediction of Structure-borne Noise Radiated from Concrete Railway Viaducts
PAPERS: Theoretical Model for Micro-pressure Wave Emission Considering the Effect of Topography around the Tunnel Portal
PAPERS: Numerical Analysis of Wheel/Rail Contact Characteristics Based on Actual Wheel Profiles
PAPERS: Development of a New Wheel Slide Protection System Using a New Detection Algorithm
PAPERS: Development of Displacement-Dependent Rubber Bush to Reduce Carbody Vibration Induced by Mass-Imbalanced
Wheelsets through Traction Links
Vol.52
PAPERS: Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Deterioration of Track-slab in Cold Areas
No.3
PAPERS: Assessment of Aseismic Performance of Ballasted Track with Large-scale Shaking Table Tests(Aug. 2011)
PAPERS: Development of a Model for Analyzing the Propagation of Transverse Craking of Rail
PAPERS: Method to Support Risk Management of Human Error in Track Maintenance Work
PAPERS: New Commuter Train Driver Desk Design Proposal Suited to a Wider Range of Body Sizes
REVIEW: Application of Human Simulation Technology in Railway Systems
REVIEWS: Outline of the “2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake” and Related Activities of RTRI
REVIEWS: Characteristics of the Recent Disasters Corresponding to the Changing Natural Environment and the Prospects of
Future Research and Development
PAPERS: Improvement of Seismic Parameter Estimation for the Earthquake Early Warning System
Vol.52
PAPERS: Guidelines for Selection of Appropriate Seismic Countermeasures for Existing Mountain Tunnels in Poor Geological Conditions
No.4
PAPERS: Seismic Retrofitting Effects of Reinforcing Over-track Building with Knee-brace Dampers(Nov. 2011)
PAPERS: Evaluation for Flexural-load Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Girders with Broken Tendons
PAPERS: Installation Guidelines for Shinkansen High Speed Overhead Contact Lines
PAPERS: Method for Detecting Step-shaped Wear on Contact Strips by Measuring Catenary Vibration
PAPERS: Fault Current Analysis Considering Frequency Response of Feeding Circuits
PAPERS: Train Control System for Secondary Lines Using Radio Communications in Specific Area
PAPERS: Development of a Lightning Surge Calculation Model for Level Crossing Signalling Equipment
PAPERS: Development of a Simulation Software to Calculate Fluctuations in Strength of Radio Frequency Noise Emitted from
Electric Railway Systems into the Trackside Environment
Vol.53
PAPERS: Method to Estimate Equivalent Natural Period with Micro-tremor Measurements
No.1
PAPERS: Advanced Active Control of Contact Force between Pantograph and Catenary for High-Speed Trains(Feb. 2012)
PAPERS: Development of a Lateral Damper to Improve the Running Safety of Railway Vehicles during an Earthquake
PAPERS: Performance of Linear Motor Type Rail Brake Using Roller Rig Test Bench
PAPERS: Development of the On-board Maintenance Management System for Ground Coils of Maglev by Using RFID Technology
PAPERS: Examination of Vehicle Motion Characteristics of a Maglev Train Set Using a Reduced-scale Model Experiment Apparatus

Annual Report 2011(2) Quarterly Report (QR)

(3) Newsletter, “Railway Technology Avalanche”
No.

Appendix

Titles• “Incredible” and “Inevitable” Events• Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster
No.35• Development of the Prestressed Ballast Track(Jun. 2011) • Evaluation of the Stability of Rocks on Slopes in Consideration of Weathering• Development of a Low-Frequency Track Circuit with Improved Noise-Resistant Features• Development of a Train Operation/Passenger Behaviour Simulation System• RTRI’s International Activities• WCRR 2011: World Congress on Railway Research 2011 Successfully Completed• Measurement of Velocity and Pressure Fluctuations around High-speed Trains Running in Tunnel• Development of a Mobile Broadband Telecommunications System for Railways Using Laser Technology
No.36• Prediction of Contact Wire Wear on High-speed Railways(Sep. 2011) • Influential Factors on Adhesion between Wheel and Rail under Wet Conditions• Indoor Air Quality at Stations: Development of a Methodology for Quantifying Railway Customers’ Perception of Odor at Stations• Improving the Running Safety of Railway Vehicles against an Earthquake• Practical Use of the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) System for the Shinkansen• Identification of Thermal Cracking Criteria on Wheel Treads for Optimized Brake System Design• RTRI’s Promotion of Research and Development in Recent Years• The 11th China-Korea-Japan Railway Research Technical Meeting
No.37• A Method to Measure the Contact Force of Pantographs through Image Processing(Dec. 2011) • Wind Tunnel Test on Windbreak Fence Installed on Railway Lines• A Ride Comfort Evaluation Method to Reflect the Effect of High-Frequency Vibration• A Study of Non-Contact Power Supply Systems• Research and Development for Sustainable Evolution of Railways• Activities of the Railway International Standards Center
No.38• A Tilt Control System Focused on Preventing Motion Sickness(Mar. 2012) • A Simplified Method to Calculate the Energy Consumed by Rolling Stock• Listening Difficulty Tests on Broadcast Announcements for Passengers at Stations• Development of Surge Detection Type Fault Locating System for AC Feeding Circuits

41

Appendix

2 Lectures(1) RTRI Lecture
Special addresses
Keynote address

General address

Damage by chaotic tsunamis and technologies to minimize disasters
Railway technologies to prepare for large-scale natural disasters• Special features of the Tohoku Region Pacific Coast Earthquake and precautionary earthquake detection• Earthquake resistance technologies for ground facilities• Improvement of running safety at earthquakes• Protection of trains from strong winds• Preparation for heavy rainfalls(2) Monthly Presentation
Theme
Recent research and development on disaster prevention technologies
Recent research and development on facilities materials
Recent research and development on power technologies
Recent research and development on transport technologies
Recent research and development on rolling stock technologies
Recent research and development on track technologies
Recent research and development on human sciences
Recent research and development on structure technologies
Recent research and development on environmental engineering
Recent research and development on the levitated railway and application of its technologies
Recent research and development on signal and telecommunication technologies

Date
April 22, 2011
May 20, 2011
June 15, 2011
July 13, 2011
August 26, 2011
September 28, 2011
October 28, 2011
December 21, 2011
January 18, 2012
February 15, 2012
March 14, 2012

3 Statistics(1) Record of Recognition
Title
Commendation by Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
Commendingorganization

Annual Report 2011

Academicsocieties

42

Associations

Name of awardee
Shun-ichi Kubo
Hiroshi Tsuchiya

Category of prize
Evaluation of wear characteristics of
pantograph carbon-base contact strips

Date of reward
April 11, 2011

Category of prize• Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Encouragement Award• Japan Society of Civil Engineers- Award for Research Paper, Structural Engineering Symposium- Research Paper Encouragement Award- Award for Technical Development• The Japanese Geotechnical Society, Young Researcher Award for Excellent Research Paper Contributed to an
International Conference• Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Structural Engineering Committee Research Paper Encouragement Award• The Visualization Society of Japan, Award of the Society (Encouragement Award)• Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Encouragement Award for Applied Dynamics Research Paper• The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Award for Research Paper in the Industrial Application Division• Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Encouragement Award• The Society for Risk Analysis of Japan, Award for Research Paper• The Japan Railway Civil Engineering Association, Award for Research Paper• World Congress on Railway Research (WCRR), Award for Research Paper• The Japan Railway Electrical Engineering Association, Award of Technology• The Society of Rubber Science and Technology, Japan, Young Researcher Encouragement Award• Congress of Japan Railway Cybernetics, Award for Outstanding Research Paper• Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation, Award for Invention• Railway Engineering, Award for Research Paper• Japan Institute of Construction Engineering, Award for Development of Construction Engineering• The Japan Electric Association, Shibusawa Award• Japan Train Operation Association, Award of President

RTRI

Category of prize
Reward for Outstanding Research and Development• Development of an air pressure actuator to control the high-performance tilting mechanism• Development of a method to measure pantograph contact force based on image processing• Improvement of ride comfort filters to cope with high-frequency vibration
Reward for Outstanding Service Achievement• A survey on the damage of gears• Cooperation to a survey on derailment at earthquakes by the Taiwan High-Speed Railway
Prize for Outstanding Research and Development• A high-precision technique to determine the elastic natural period of railway viaducts and a method to convert into
an equivalent natural period.
• Development of a base-point radio control system for light traffic lines• Analysis of the three-dimensional motion and measures to improve the durability of contact wires• Research on the measures against earthquakes for mountain tunnels• A technique to simulate the behavior of passengers at train collision.
Prize for Outstanding Service Achievement• Introduction of short-time services• A proposal of vibration-proof measures for city areas over Shinkansen tunnels• A technical guidance for the method to observe winds and restrict train operation in strong winds• Institution of standards on the design of railway structures (track structures)
Prize for Encouragement of Research and Development• Development of an experimental evaluation technique for aerodynamic noise sources by the particle image flow
measuring method• Development of a technique to analyze large-scale deformation and flow of the ground by the particle method
Prize for Meritorious Service• Smooth reorganization into a public interest incorporated foundation• Opening of the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise

Annual Report 2011

Commendingorganization(2) Patents in Possession
Regarding the patents applied for, we do not claim examinationof those with little operability or for which improvements have been
applied for registration.
We also scrutinized the patents in possession with respect to thenecessity of holding or possibility of abandonment. We positively
disclaimed the patents for which 10 years or over have passed after
registration and little operability is expected.
As of FY 2011, the results of the scrutiny are as follows.
Newly registered patents, etc.
Patents, 215; Design patents, 0; Total, 215
Patents of which the rights has expired
Patents, 13

Table 1 Domestic industrial rights in possession (As of March 31, 2012)

Category
Registered
Applied forPatent(Examination
applied for)
Subtotal
RegisteredUtility
Applied for
model
Subtotal
Registered
DesignApplied forpatentSubtotal
Registered
Trademark Applied for
Subtotal
Registered
Total
Applied forGrand total

Independently
owned
615

Jointlyowned
469

Subtotal

702
(332)

388
(204)

1,090
(536)

1,317
0
0
0
12
0
12
19
0
19
646
702
1,348

857
0
0
0
13
2
15
0
0
0
482
390
872

2,174
0
0
0
25
2
27
19
0
19
1,128
1,092
2,220

1,084

Table 2 Overseas industrial rights in possession (As of March 31, 2012)

Abandoned patents, etc.
Patents, 119; Design patents, 2; Total, 121

rights (including 19 trademarks).

AppendixConsequently, we have 2,220 registered industrial property

Number of Number of the countries
applicationsof registration
Registered
34
83
25
Registered or Registered8
applied forApplied forApplied for
8
Total
50
108
Status43

Appendix

4 Press Release
April 1, 2011
April 1, 2011
April 4, 2011
May 16, 2011
June 6, 2011
June 9, 2011
June 22, 2011
June 29, 2011
July 1, 2011
July 26, 2011
September 22, 2011

Annual Report 2011

September 26, 2011
October 11, 2011
October 19, 2011
November 25, 2011
November 28, 2011
November 30, 2011
December 14, 2011
December 16, 201144

Rebirth of the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), from a juridical foundation into a public interest
incorporated foundation
New executive members, Railway Technical Research Institute (Public Interest Incorporated Foundation)
FY 2011 Initiation Ceremony
Receiving Commendation by Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
Conclusion of an agreement to promote the research of power storage technology
Opening of WCRR2011
Receiving the commendation for nationwide outstanding inventions in FY 2011
Opening of “a structural technologies (designing, analysis) exchanging meeting”
New executive members, Railway Technical Research Institute (a public interest incorporated foundation)
Opening of “an environmental technologies exchange meeting”
Activities by the Recovery Operation Center for the railways damaged by the Tohoku Region Pacific Coast
Earthquake and installation of a technology discussing committee
Opening of “a rolling stock technology exchange meeting”
Opening of “RTRI Kansai Area technology exchange meeting 2011”
Opening of “a training/nurturing of railway structure diagnosis experts”
Opening of “a signal and telecommunication technology exchange meeting”
Opening of “the IEC/TC Annual General Assembly”
Opening of “a power technology exchange meeting”
The FY 2011 ceremony of the anniversary of the foundation
A technological proposal to recover/restore railways damaged by earthquake disasters(FY 2011: April 1, 2011 - March 31, 2012)
Copyright© 2012 by Railway Technical Research Institute. All rights reserved.
Published by Atsushi Ichikawa, Executive Director

Corresponding:International Affairs Division, Railway Technical Research Institute
Hikari-cho 2-8-38, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan
URL: http://www.rtri.or.jp/

Annual Report 2011
Railway Technical Research InstituteJapan

AnnualReport2011

Railway Technical Research Institute
Hikari-cho 2-8-38, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan
http://www.rtri.or.jp/

Railway Technical Research InstituteJapan