SPAT Spatial device
SPAT Spatial is a stereo spatial audio processor that proposes a convincing localization ofa stereo sound source in a 2D or 3D stereophonic auditory space, and includes a highquality virtual room processor.

The sound source's position and radiation can be graphically manipulated in an
integrated graphic panner window, which interacts with navigational coordinateparameters such as azimuth, distance and elevation. The localization of the sound source
can be optimized according to the type of input sound - from solo instrument to eldrecording - thanks to di erent panning techniques that simulate the recording of thesound scene by a couple of microphones - AB (ORTF), coincident XY or Mid-Side.
The device also allows 3D binaural synthesis - for headphones only - using HRTF (HeadRelated Transfer Functions) ltering, and 3D transaural panning - i.e. binaural synthesis
decoded to a pair of loudspeakers. The control interface allows to specify the desired
e ect - like the quality of the virtual room, or how the source interacts with the room using perceptual terms rather than technical terms. The arti cial room e ect can becontrolled in terms of independent perceptual attributes, derived from psychoacoustic
research carried out at IRCAM.

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Structure of the user interface

The user interface is divided in three main sections:
Source & Room controls:

Panner section:

Output section:

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Source & Room controls are organized in ve panels, whose view can be selected using
the tab on the left:
The Source tab lets you
control the perceptual
description of the acoustic
quality of the source, its
localization, orientation,
directivity and radiation.
Settings controlling features
such as panning type,attenuation law and simulation of air absorption can also be adjusted.
Parameters:- "Azimuth" sets the angle (in degrees) of the sound source, measured toward thevertical axis, with 0° in front of the listener. This parameter can be graphicallymanipulated in the Panner window.

- "Distance" sets the apparent distance (in meters) of the sound source. When the soundsource moves away from the listener, its energy decreases, according to the following
attenuation law: the energy of the source is reduced by the value of the Drop parameter(default: 6dB) when the distance of the source is multiplied by 2. Maximum energy isreached when the source gets to the value of the Radius parameter (default: 1m). Thisparameter can be graphically manipulated in the Panner window.

- "Doppler" ("D" button) enables/disables a Doppler e ect on the sound source. Doppler
e ect may be described as frequencies of a moving sound source shifting according to
the variation of distance over time between the source and the listener.

- "Elevation" sets the elevation angle (in degrees) of the sound source. Elevation is 0°
within XY plane, +90° on top, -90° bottom. This parameter can be graphicallymanipulated in the Panner window.

- "Orientation" sets the apparent orientation (in degrees) of the sound source,
reproduced by spectral corrections of the direct sound. Variations of orientation area ected by the Aperture (directivity) parameter. This parameter can be graphicallymanipulated in the Panner window.

- "Aperture" sets the apparent radiation or directivity (in degrees) of the sound source,
reproduced by spectral corrections of the direct sound. As the aperture decreases, thedirectivity of the sound source increases, a ecting variations of the Orientation
parameter. This parameter can be graphically manipulated in the Panner window.

- "Width" sets the width (in degrees) of the stereo image formed by the direct and earlyroom e ect sounds, which rotate together according to Azimuth and Elevation.

- "Spread" sets the amount of blurring (in percent) applied to the panning of the soundsource. As the value is increased, the localization of the sound source decreases
accordingly. The spreading law slightly di ers depending on the selected panning type.

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percent) of directionality of "cluster"re ections. While early re ections
are panned together with the direct
sound, cluster re ections are
initially di use, and the late reverb ispanned dead center. Increasing thevalue of Pan Rev results in a more
directive global room e ect.

- "Panning" lets you select the desired panning technique:• "Angular": standard intensity panning. Read more about intensity panning• "AB", "XY" and "MS" pannings simulate the recording of the sound scene by acouple of microphones: AB (ORTF), coincident XY and Mid-Side microphones. Read
more about recording techniques• "Binaural": 3D binaural synthesis using HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Functions)ltering, for headphones only. Read more about binaural synthesis• "Transaural": 3D binaural synthesis decoded to a pair of loudspeakers. Read more
about transaural decoding
Note: The device performs a short fade-in/fade-out when the panning is changed, inorder to avoid unwanted audio clicks or drops.

- "Air" enables/disables absorption ltering, which produces a frequency-cut simulating
absorption of air, where high frequencies roll-o quicker than low-frequencies
according to distance.

- "Air Freq" sets the roll-o frequency for air absorption ltering (in Herz).
- "Radius" sets the radius (in meters) of a virtual spheric "safety area" surrounding thelistener. When the sound source comes closer to the listener, its energy progressively
increases. When the source reaches the “radius sphere”, its energy no longer
increases. It is clipped. The “radius” parameter hence represents the minimum radiusbelow which the sound level is limited.

- "Drop Mode" sets the type of attenuation (linear or logarithmic) set by the Dropparameter, which represents the slope of the attenuation law applied on the soundsource according to distance setting.

- "Drop" represents the slope (in deciBels) of the attenuation law applied on the soundsource according to distance setting. A 6dB drop means that the energy of the sourceis reduced by 6dB when the distance of the source is doubled. A logarithmic 6dB
attenuation law corresponds to a natural attenuation law in free- eld conditions.
Utility
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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flfi- "Pan Rev" sets the amount (inThe Fact tab ("Fact" for perceptual
factors) lets you adjust parametersdescribing the acoustic quality in termsof mutually independent perceptual
factors.
These perceptual factors are derived
from psychoacoustic research on thecharacterization of the acoustic qualityof concert halls. As a result of thesestudies, each perceptual factor is related to a measurable objective criterion.
This allows to reproduce the acoustic quality of an existing room, and the interaction of
the sound source with the room. The perceptual factors are manipulated by means ofsliders which are scaled to account for the average sensitivity of listeners with respect tothe di erent factors.
The rst 3 factors are perceived as characteristics of the source:"Source Presence" sets the energy of direct sound and early room e ect at a given
distance. It is inter-connected with the Distance parameter. Therefore this parameter can't
be automated, as the interaction with Distance would end up in an in nite loop ofinteractive levelling.
"Warmth" sets the variation of early sound at low frequencies.
"Brilliance" sets the variation of early sound at high frequencies.
The next 3 factors are perceptually associated to the room:"Room Presence" sets the energy of later re ections (cluster) and reverberation.
"Envelopment" sets the energy of early room e ect relative to direct sound.
"Running Reverberance" sets the early sound's decay time. The term “reverberance”
refers to the sensation that sounds are prolonged by the room reverberation. Latereverberance (in the Room tab) di ers from Running Reverberance by the fact that it isessentially perceived during interruptions of the message radiated by the source. Running
Reverberance, on the contrary, remains perceived during continuous music.
The di erent stages of the room e ect can be enabled or disabled for further soundresults:- "Direct" enables/disables the direct sound.
- "Early"enables/disables early re ections.
- "Cluster enables/disables later and di use re ections.
- "Reverb" enables/disables the reverberation sound.

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Time structure of the room e ect
The response of the Room module
is divided into four time sections:- direct : The direct sound is taken
as the time reference (0 ms) for
the description of the arti cialroom e ect that follows it.

- early : This section contains the discrete early re ections, shared between the twosides signals of Room. The date and intensity of each re ection can be controlledindividually.

- cluster: This section contains a denser pattern of di use later re ections which areequally shared between the surround signals.

- reverb: This section contains the late di use reverberation, divided into uncorrelated
signals of equal energy sent to the surround outputs. The late reverberation decays
exponentially with time according to the decay settings.

The Room tab lets you adjust thesettings that de ne the reverberator.

- The decay time control sets the
exponential decay rate of the latereverberation as a function of
frequency. The decay time ismeasured in seconds and de ned
as the time it takes for the latereverberation to drop 60 dB below
its initial level, after an interruption of the input signal. The decay time is controlled in
the same way as an equalizer curve, either globally or in three separate frequency
bands with controllable transition frequencies, and can be varied from 0.1s to 10s.

- "Room Size" sets the size of the room (in cubic meters). As the value is increased, earlyand cluster (di use) re ections get spread over time.

- "O set" shifts the times (in milliseconds) of early, cluster and reverb re ections.
- "Early Shape" sets the distribution of the gains of early re ections. At low values, earlier
re ections are louder than later re ections. At high values, later re ections are louder
than earlier re ections.

- "Reverberance" sets the global reverberation decay time at mid-frequencies. The term
“reverberance” refers to the sensation that sounds are prolonged by the room
reverberation.

- the "In nite" switch enables/disables (quasi) in nite reverberation e ect.

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- "Heaviness" sets the relative reverberation decay time at low frequencies.
- "Liveness" sets the relative reverberation decay time at high frequencies.
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid reverberation crossover frequency (in Herz).
- "Freq High" sets the mid/high reverberation crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "HD" switch, when engaged, doubles the number of internal channels of thearti cial reverberator. This generates a denser reverb tail - i.e. more natural sounding
reverb - at the expense of a higher CPU load. Engaging HD may be useful especiallywhen dealing with a very long reverberation time or with very percussive sound.
Note: The device performs a short fade-in/fade-out when HD is changed, in order toavoid unwanted audio clicks or drops.

- "Air" enables/disables absorption ltering, which produces a frequency-cut simulating
absorption of air, where high frequencies roll-o quicker than low-frequencies
according to distance.

- "Air Freq" sets the roll-o frequency for air absorption ltering (in Herz).
- "Zoom": sets the zooming factor of the reverberator view.

Utilities- pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

- pressing the "C" ("Copy") button copies all Room parameters values, to be pasted intoanother instance of the device.

- pressing the "P" ("Paste") button pastes a copy of Room parameters from anotherinstance of the device.

- pressing the "S" ("Send") button sends all Room parameters values to any instance ofthe device present in the Live set.

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Spectral equalizers
All spectral corrections are performed with the same signal module. This is a "double
shelving lter" which allows to boost or cut three frequency bands separately and control
the high and low transition frequencies. The ltering module is made of a second-orderrecursive lter with a particular method of computing the coe cients, in order to achieve
symmetrical boost and cut curves (on a dB scale), as well as symmetrical response
curves on a log frequency scale.

The Axis tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the "axis" - or direct - sound,independently from the spectrum image of the reverberator. The "Axis" signal contains
the average acoustic information scattered by the source in the direction of the listener.

- "Low" sets the gain of low
frequencies (in deciBels).

- "Mid" sets the gain of mid
frequencies (in deciBels).

- "High" sets the gain of highfrequencies (in deciBels).

- "Freq Low" sets the low/midcrossover frequency (in Herz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- "Gain" sets the global energy (in deciBels) of the direct sound.
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
- the "M" ("Mute") switch temporarily disables the direct sound.

Utility
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Omni tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the "omni" sound - or global roome ect -, independently from the spectrum image of the direct sound. The ltering isapplied to the global reverberation sound. The "Omni" signal contains the average
acoustic information scattered by the source in all directions.

- "Low" sets the gain of low
frequencies (in deciBels).

- "Mid" sets the gain of mid
frequencies (in deciBels).

- "High" sets the gain of highfrequencies (in deciBels).

- "Freq Low" sets the low/midcrossover frequency (in Herz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- "Gain" sets the global energy (in deciBels) of the room sound.
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
- the "M" ("Mute") switch temporarily disables the room sound.

Utility
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Panner panel lets you open an external Panner window, from which
the sound source can be displayed and easily manipulated within the
speaker setup. The "Panner" button opens the Panner window. Select &drag the icon representing the sound source to set its position within thevirtual room. Speakers positions are xed to -30° and +30°.
Use a trackpad (with 2 ngers) or a mouse-wheel to control these settings:• drag to zoom in and out• alt-drag source to adjust orientation• cmd-drag source to adjust aperture• shift-drag source to adjust elevation
The Panner window can be freely resized for a more
comfortable display.
"Layout" toggles the Panner layout between top("Single") and top+front ("Dual") views when
Binaural and Transaural pannings are in use.
"Floating" enables/disables the "always-on-top"
option for the Panner window.
"Labels" enables/disables the display of speakers
labels.
"VUs" enables/disables the display of speakers VU-meters in the panner window.
Disabling VU-meters may spare a little CPU consumption.
"Zoom" adjusts the zooming factor.
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

The Output section lets you adjust the output master level and monitor theaudio output of the device.

- "Volume" adjusts the output gain (in deciBels).
- the "L" ("Limiter") switch enables/disables output level limiting. In somecases where strong limiting occurs - with, for instance, very long & dense
reverberation - the output signal may become distorted at some point. In
such case, you may want to disable the limiter and lower the output volume.

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SPAT Room device
SPAT Room is a stereo standalone version of the virtual room processor that powers the
SPAT Spatial device, with more detailed settings for each section of the reverberator. The
device can be used just like a classic reverberator - typically available from an auxiliary
Return track, for a global room e ect applied to a mix.

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Structure of the user interface

The user interface is divided in two main sections:
Room editor and the Mixing controls:

Output section:

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Time structure of the room e ect
The response of the Room module
is divided into four time sections:- direct : The direct sound is taken
as the time reference (0 ms) for
the description of the arti cialroom e ect that follows it.

- early : This section contains the discrete early re ections, shared between the twosides signals of Room. The delay time and intensity of each re ection can be controlledindividually.

- cluster: This section contains a denser pattern of di use later re ections which areequally shared between the surround signals.

- reverb: This section contains the late di use reverberation, divided into uncorrelated
signals of equal energy sent to the surround outputs. The late reverberation decays
exponentially with time according to the decay settings.

The Mixing panel lets you enable/disable and adjust therespective levels of the di erent stages of the reverberator.
Note that the direct sound is handled by the Dry/Wet dial in the
Output section.
Utility
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in thissection to their default value.

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The Room tab lets you adjust thesettings that de ne the reverberator.
The decay time control sets the
exponential decay rate of the latereverberation as a function of
frequency. The decay time ismeasured in seconds and de ned as
the time it takes for the latereverberation to drop 60 dB below its
initial level, after an interruption of the input signal. The decay time is controlled in thesame way as an equalizer curve, either globally or in three separate frequency bands with
controllable transition frequencies, and can be varied from 0.5s to 30s.

- "Room Size" sets the size of the room (in cubic meters). As the value is increased, earlyand cluster (di use) re ections get spread over time.

- "O set" shifts the times (in milliseconds) of early, cluster and reverb re ections..
- "Decay time" sets the global reverberation decay time.
- the "In nite" switch enables/disables (quasi) in nite reverberation e ect.
- "Low" sets the relative reverberation decay time at low frequencies.
- "Mid" sets the relative reverberation decay time at mid frequencies.
- "High" sets the relative reverberation decay time at high frequencies.
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid reverberation crossover frequency (in Herz).
- "Freq High" sets the mid/high reverberation crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "HD" switch, when engaged, doubles the number of internal channels of thearti cial reverberator. This generates a denser reverb tail - i.e. more natural sounding
reverb - at the expense of a higher CPU load. Engaging HD may be useful especiallywhen dealing with a very long reverberation time or with very percussive sound.
Note: The device performs a short fade-in/fade-out when HD is changed, in order toavoid unwanted audio clicks or drops.

- "Air" enables/disables absorption ltering, which produces a frequency-cut simulating
absorption of air, where high frequencies roll-o quicker than low-frequencies
according to distance.

- "Air Freq" sets the roll-o frequency for air absorption ltering (in Herz).
- "Zoom": sets the zooming factor of the reverberator view.

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Utilities- pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

- pressing the "C" ("Copy") button copies all Room parameters values, to be pasted intoanother instance of the device.

- pressing the "P" ("Paste") button pastes a copy of Room parameters from anotherinstance of the device.

- pressing the "S" ("Send") button sends all Room parameters values to any instance ofthe device present in the Live set.

Spectral equalizers
All spectral corrections are performed with the same signal module. This is a "double
shelving lter" which allows to boost or cut three frequency bands separately and control
the high and low transition frequencies. The ltering module is made of a second-orderrecursive lter with a particular method of computing the coe cients, in order to achieve
symmetrical boost and cut curves (on a dB scale), as well as symmetrical response
curves on a log frequency scale.

The Early tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the early re ections.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utility:pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Cluster tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the cluster (di use) re ections.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utilitypressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

The Reverb tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the late reverberation.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utilitypressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Output panel lets you adjust the output master level and monitor the stereo audio
output of the device.

- "Volume" adjusts the output gain (in deciBels).
- "Dry/Wet" adjusts the balance between the input sound and theprocessed sound.

- the "L" ("Limiter") switch enables/disables output level limiting. In
some cases where strong limiting occurs - with, for instance, very
long & dense reverberation - the output signal may become distorted
at some point. In such case, you may want to disable the limiter andlower the output volume.

- the "VUs" switch enables/disables VU-meters. Disabling VU-meters
may spare a little CPU consumption.

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SPAT Multiverb device
SPAT Multiverb is a multi-band version of the virtual room processor that powers the SPAT
Spatial and SPAT Room devices, with more detailed settings for each section of thereverberator. The main difference with the SPAT Room device is the possibility to adjust
the reverberation decay time using up to 30 frequency bands separately, thus allowing thedesign of custom reverb sounds. The device can be used just like a classic reverberator typically available from an auxiliary Return track, for a global room effect applied to a mix.

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Structure of the user interface

The user interface is divided in two main sections:
Room editor and the Mixing controls:

Output section:

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Time structure of the room e ect
The response of the Room module
is divided into four time sections:- direct : The direct sound is taken
as the time reference (0 ms) for
the description of the arti cialroom e ect that follows it.

- early : This section contains the discrete early re ections, shared between the twosides signals of Room. The delay time and intensity of each re ection can be controlledindividually.

- cluster: This section contains a denser pattern of di use later re ections which areequally shared between the surround signals.

- reverb: This section contains the late di use reverberation, divided into uncorrelated
signals of equal energy sent to the surround outputs. The late reverberation decays
exponentially with time according to the decay settings.

The Mixing panel lets you enable/disable and adjust therespective levels of the di erent stages of the reverberator.
Note that the direct sound is handled by the Dry/Wet dial in the
Output section.
Utility
Pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in thissection to their default value.

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The Room tab lets you adjust thesettings that de ne the reverberator.
The Decay Time control sets theaverage exponential decay rate of
the global late reverberation as afunction of frequency.
The Relative Decay Times panel lets
you draw relative decays for several frequency bands. The number of bands is de ned by
the Bands parameter. Holding the shift key while drawing lets you adjust the value of one
single band. Note that the device performs a short fade-in/fade-out when the Bands
parameter is changed, in order to avoid unwanted audio clicks or drops.
A relative decay time corresponds to the global decay time when the slider is set at its
middle position. Dragging the slider left will decrease the decay time, and dragging theslider right will increase the decay time up to two times the global decay time.
Using the rightmost tab allows to set the sliders values all at once:- the downward arrow sorts sliders up to down
- the upward arrow sorts sliders down to up- the horizontal arrow sets all sliders to the global decay time value (mid position)- the colored star triggers random values- the transparent star triggers minimum or maximum values randomly
The Slope parameter lets you expand or compress the actual slider values exponentially.

The Early/Reverb switch toggles theRelative Decay Times view to the
Early & Cluster Delays view:- "Room Size" sets the size of theroom (in cubic meters). As thevalue is increased, early andcluster (di use) re ections get
spread over time.

- "O set" shifts the times (inmilliseconds) of early, cluster and reverb re ections..

- "Air" enables/disables absorption ltering, which produces a frequency-cut simulating
absorption of air, where high frequencies roll-o quicker than low-frequencies
according to distance.

- "Air Freq" sets the roll-o frequency for air absorption ltering (in Herz).

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Utilities- pressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

- pressing the "C" ("Copy") button copies all Room parameters values, to be pasted intoanother instance of the device.

- pressing the "P" ("Paste") button pastes a copy of Room parameters from anotherinstance of the device.

- pressing the "S" ("Send") button sends all Room parameters values to any instance ofthe device present in the Live set.

Spectral equalizers
All spectral corrections are performed with the same signal module. This is a "double
shelving lter" which allows to boost or cut three frequency bands separately and control
the high and low transition frequencies. The ltering module is made of a second-orderrecursive lter with a particular method of computing the coe cients, in order to achieve
symmetrical boost and cut curves (on a dB scale), as well as symmetrical response
curves on a log frequency scale.

The Early tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the early re ections.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utilitypressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Cluster tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the cluster (di use) re ections.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utilitypressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

The Reverb tab lets you adjust the spectrum image of the late reverberation.

- "Low" sets the gain of low frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Mid" sets the gain of mid frequencies (in deciBels).
- "High" sets the gain of high frequencies (in deciBels).
- "Freq Low" sets the low/mid crossover frequency (inHerz).

- "Freq High" sets the mid/high crossover frequency (in Herz).
- the "B" ("Bypass") switch temporarily bypasses the ltering e ect.
Utilitypressing the "R" ("Reset") button resets all parameters in this section to their default
value.

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The Output panel lets you adjust the output master level and monitor the stereo audio
output of the device.

- "Volume" adjusts the output gain (in deciBels).
- "Dry/Wet" adjusts the balance between the input sound and theprocessed sound.

- the "L" ("Limiter") switch enables/disables output level limiting. In
some cases where strong limiting occurs - with, for instance, very
long & dense reverberation - the output signal may become distorted
at some point. In such case, you may want to disable the limiter andlower the output volume.

- the "VUs" switch enables/disables VU-meters. Disabling VU-meters
may spare a little CPU consumption.

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