Indonesia
Japanese ODA Loan Mid-term Review Report
Rehabilitation and Improvement Project of Jakarta Fishing Port
External Evaluator：Hiroshi Aoki
(Sanshuu Engineering Consultant)Field Survey：May 2009 - July 2009
１．Project Profile

Map of Project Site

Pile foundation construction site

1.1 Project objectives
The objective of this project is to enhance efficiently utilize of the existing infrastructures throughmaintaining the function of the existing Jakarta Fishing Port (JFP) facilities by rehabilitation of themain structures of east and west quay wall of 1,349 m constructed as a Jakarta Fishing Port
Construction Project (Phase I) ,which have been suffering from area-wide Jakarta City land
subsidence, thereby contributing to effective and sustainable use of marine and coastal resources.
1.2 Outline of the Loan Agreement

Approved amount / Disbursed

3,437million yen ／412 million yen

amount（as of March 2009）
March 2004／Sept. 2012

Loan Agreement Signing Date
／Closing Date
Executing Agency

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF),
Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DGCF)

Main Contractor

Toa・Pembangunan Perumahan, PT. Hutama Karya (Persero),
PT Menara Agung Sentosa, CV Lestari Prima

Consulting Services

Oriental Consultants, Inc.・PT. Perentjana Djaja

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1.3

Background

Five years have passed since L/A signing of the Jakarta Fishing Port Rehabilitation Project. The
construction contract has been signed recently at the end of 2008. The civil works have just started
since the beginning of this fiscal year except for the additional package of the emergency
countermeasures against flooding signed at the end of 2007.
The north part of Jakarta where JFP is located has a significant amount of ground subsidence due
to excessive ground water extraction in the city area. In addition, a global warming effect might
have brought about frequent high tide, which can not be explained by estimated ground subsidence
alone. As a result flooding by sea water in JFP became serious in these years, which may spoil theeffectiveness of the JFP project itself. It is necessary to examine if the present project scope is properor not and what kind of measures are required to maintain the effectiveness of the project. Thus, thisproject was selected as a mid-term review and the conclusion has been drawn from the field survey
based on the review according to evaluation items.

2．Mid-term Review Results
2.1 Relevance
2.1.1

Relevance to the National/Government Policies

The national plan and policy at appraisal was the National Development Program (PROPENAS：
2000－2004). The effective plan and policy at mid-term review (Sept. 2009) is the National
Development Plan (RPJM 2005-2009). The Plan focuses on job creation and poverty reduction byhigher economic growth rate. It has identified priority areas to achieve its goals:
1) Poverty reduction and economic growth;2) Rectifying regional disparities; and
3) Promotion of human resource development through education, sanitary and medical activities,
and social welfare.
One of the measures of the economic growth is to revitalize agriculture, forestry and fisheryindustries. More specifically, infrastructure, road network, and irrigation development are given ahigher priority. Therefore, this project coincides with the Indonesian National Plan.
Based on the Strategic Plan of the Marine and Fisheries Development (2005-2009), which is valid
at mid-term review, the objectives of the marine and fisheries development in the medium term
development framework are:1) To improve fishermen’s living;2) To improve the role of marine and fisheries sector in the national economy;3) To maintain quality of environment conditions and to manage marine and fisheries resources forthe sustainable development;
4) To increase consumption of marine products; and25) To improve the marine role as the nation integrator and empowerment national marine culture.
The DGCF formulated a fishery development master plan in response to the MMAF’s formulationof the master plan for developing the fishery industry and the market in 2003. JFP is categorized as
an Oceanic Fishing Port in the Plan determined by the Government. The rehabilitation project of JFP
coincides with the objectives of 1), 2), 3) mentioned above in the Strategic Plan (2005-2009).
2.1.2 Relevance to the Development Needs
At appraisal, as JFP facilities settled due to the subsidence of Jakarta city area, which has beencaused by excessive ground water extraction. In order to maintain the function of JFP and effective
use of surrounding facilities, it had been pointed out that countermeasures should be taken against
subsidence of JFP facilities including the east and west quay walls constructed as the JFP
Construction Project (Phase I) completed in 1982,
The Government of Indonesia has recognized the subsidence since 1980 and investigated the fact.
The ground subsidence has been measured at the fixed points using leveling measurements, groundwater measurements and recently GPS methods. The results show that the degree of groundsubsidence in Jakarta varies depending on the location and soil conditions but is influenced by thevolume of ground water extraction. According to the GPS survey conducted by the Department of
Geodetic Engineering at the Institute of Technology Bandung between Dec.1997 and June 1999, theland subsidence was observed with the rate of -2 to -12 cm/year. 1 The most significant subsidence
was observed around the north-central and northeastern parts of Jakarta.
The height of the quay wall was designed at the elevation of +2.5 m so that the quay wall can be
kept above sea level for 40 years based on the 1981 estimate of the wall subsidence, which is thesame as the forecasted high tide level at +1.4 m of JFP standard water level in 2009.
At mid-term review, the quay wall has been constructed at the elevation of +2.8 m, 30 cm higher
than the original design, because the frequent abnormal high tides (+1.7 m) were observed in theseyears possibly by global warming effect. So, this rehabilitation project is a well balanced project andmeets both requirements of the ground subsidence and high tide.

1

Land Subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its Geodetic Monitoring System, Natural Hazards 23:365-387, 2001

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Flooding in JFP (May 2009）
2.2

Efficiency

2.2.1 Project Outputs
The present port facilities before rehabilitation was constructed as the JFP Construction Project(Phase I) completed in 1982. It was anticipated with regret that the port facilities would not beeffectively used due to the flooding of the wall during high tide caused by the settlement due to the
Jakarta area land subsidence. This project aims to relief this situation and once completed, thepresent problems will be solved. The project is expected to be completed by 2011 including two
years of the quay wall construction as planned and the maintenance period according to the present
schedule.
The construction methods of the quay walls - install new piles reaching to the deeper bearing layer,
reinforced concrete slabs on the existing quay walls together with the break water construction, andupgrading roads in the port- are appropriate as a rehabilitation work as well as restoring the alreadydegraded function of JFP. The main parts of the civil work remain unchanged whereas the
improvement length of access road and roads in JFP is significantly increased compared to the initialquantitydue

tounexpected

groundsubsidence

of

the

port.

The

revetment

wall

construction/reconstruction to completely stop sea water intrusion and the new pump station
construction to drain rain water were added.

Completed east revetment water walls (July 2009）4

2.2.2

Project Period

Apart from the additional package of emergency countermeasures against flooding signed at theend of 2007, the start of the civil work was December 2008 when the contract was signed and theactual construction started in January 2009. We can not usually expect a significant progress for the
first 3 months from the start. But the construction was going on and showed a significant progress
during the mid-term review stage (May – July 2009). The construction will be completed by the endof 2010 since there are no land acquisition and compensation that sometimes hinder the progress.
There was a delay of one year for the consultant selection in comparison with the initially
expected time period at appraisal. The construction started in December 2008 that is about two year
delay compared with the initial construction period (Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008) expected at appraisal.
It was delayed due to the contract process including pre-qualification and tender. Nevertheless, theproject will be completed by the loan closing date (September 2012) because the construction is
expected to be finished in Dec. 2010.
2.3 Effectiveness (Impact)
2.3.1

Quantitative effectOperation and effect indicators
Table-1

Operation and Effectiveness Indicators of JFP
Target value
(2
years
after
Indicators（unit）
2001
2008
completion：2012)
Fish catches（ton/year）
35,76017,43335,760Fish handling amount
1,673,000
265,916
1,673,000（Rp./year）
millionmillionmillionIncome from quay wall
2,350
4,120
2,350
use （Rp./year）
millionmillionmillionControl tower usage0（2003）365
365（day/year）
Source：Hearing from UPT
The purpose of the JFP rehabilitation project is to bring back JFP function to the former situationfrom the present degraded conditions. Thus, the same target values as at appraisal are adopted for the
mid-term review.
Though original target year at appraisal was seven years after the completion of the project, it is
proposed to apply two years after the completion that is usual time frame of the ex-post evaluation
so that we can expect early realization of the rehabilitation effect.
2.3.2

Qualitative effectIt is expected to promote a private investment to JFP, which is a most important fishing port inIndonesia, of not only the frozen fish but also the export of fish products of JFP, once currently
deteriorated functions of the fishing port such as the fish handling and production, andmanufacturing and handling of fish processing is upgraded and maintained and furthermore theenvironment as a fresh food production center is secured by this rehabilitation project.

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2.3.3

ImpactCurrently it is impossible for fish landing during the high tide period The fish handling will
become always possible during a day together with the improved environment by the rehabilitation
project. Accordingly already depressed fish landing and handling will be restored. In addition, thesustainable use of marine and coastal resources will be possible through the activated fishprocessing.
2.4
2.4.1

Others (factors that affect project effectiveness and impact）
Cooperation with NGO/Local Universities

There was no cooperation directly related to JFP with NPO and local universities.
2.4.2

Grant assistance/technical cooperation

Although the assistance from JICA expert of MMAF was expected at appraisal on the land
subsidence due to excessive ground water extraction, there was no cooperation directly related to
JFP with grant and technical cooperation.
2.4.3

Cooperation with other donors

No such cooperation was recognized.
2.4.4

Environmental/social impact

The environmental impact analysis (EIA), environmental management plan (RKL) andenvironmental monitoring plan (RPL) prepared at the Jakarta Fishing Port/Market Development
Project phase IV are applied for the environmental impact. There was no adverse impact on natural
habitat and environment, water contamination or air pollution. There was no land acquisition or
relocation of houses for this project.
Insufficient operation and management of JFP is a rather problem to be solved. In reality, the port
environment has been degraded due to standing dirty water (May 2009) and flooding on roads in theport and neighboring section. Indonesian government will start the improvement project by its own
fund within 2009.
2.4.5

Operation/Maintenance/Technology/Finance

The facilities in JFP are operated and maintained by two organizations. One is the Fishing Port
Management Agency (UPT) that is responsible for O/M of public facilities and another is the FisheryCorporation (PERUM) under the Ministry of National Enterprises responsible for commercial
facilities. UPT is taking charges of O/M of the facilities of the rehabilitation project. In reality, there
are obscure responsibilities in O/M and reconstruction between UPT and PERUM such as O/M ofdirty water from the private facilities into the public sewage system.
There will be a problem of handling and transportation of fish because of the height differences
between the quay wall level and the neighboring existing buildings. This is brought by the upgradingof quay walls by the rehabilitation project. It will be necessary not only to renovate partial problems
but also to review the overall management schemes in the future when the subsidence develops more

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than forecasted and abnormal high tide appears frequently due to possible global warming.

The

O/M responsible bodies are demarcated according to either public or private facilities. The detailprocedures are written in the guideline (Standard Operation Procedures 2008). The guideline foreach O/M activity determines the maintenance of quay walls, measures against sanitary problems
and the related organizations in detail according to the work items for either public or private
facilities. But this guideline only remains as a textbook for maintenance activities and work flow,which does not connected directly to the actual maintenance practices.
The financial situation of UPT in charge of the public facilities 2004 to 2007 is shown in the tablebelow.
Table-2 Financial situation of UPT
（unit

year

Income2004
1,386,379
2005
758,503
2006
913,0382007
1,204,507
Source：Data from UPT

x1000 Rupiah）

Expenses
Budget1,100,403
6,372,575
11,042,969
10,731,168

Actual
1,668,885
1,135,832
10,172,061
9,956,019

The breakdown of the income-expenses in 2007 is shown in the table below.
Table-3

year
2007

Breakdown of income/expenditure of UPT (2007)（unit：x1,000Rupiah）
expenditure
item
incomebudgetactualEnter fee ticket
754,685
Canteen166,188
Tug boat
1,500
Building facility
174,656
Equipment storage
81,816
Sanitary
10,400
Others15,261
Official expenses
2,360,180
3,020,330
Goods/material
5,665,094
4,304,847
Financial capital
2,705,894
2,630,843
Total
1,204,507
10,731,168
9,956,019

As seen in Table-2, the expenditures exceed the income in the last four years resulting in deficit
spending. Currently JFP is not financially independent because incomes from port activities aretaken into the national revenue and then the necessary expenses are allocated by the government.
Although the expenses from the year 2006 increased by ten times as much as the previous year, thepresent budget is not enough for O/M of public facilities in JFP according to UPT officials.
The biggest income item is the entrance fee of Rp.750 million. Other major items are the building
facility of about Rp.170 million, and the canteen income of about Rp.170 million. Expenses are for
O/M goods and materials of about Rp.4,304 million, for the official expenses of Rp.3,020 million ,7and for the financial capital of Rp.2,630 million. According to the amount of expenses budget, it
could be said that O/M is minimum (goods and materials for maintenance) that barely maintain theport management without involving major reconstruction and repairs. Besides, the O/M budget ofthe pump station will be required for the drainage of rain water as countermeasures against sea water
intrusion implemented by the rehabilitation project. Further budget allocation will be necessary tokeep the rehabilitation project effective and sustainable.

3．Conclusions, Lessons Learnt, and Recommendations
3.1 Conclusions
The ground subsidence of JFP and surroundings are extensive and rapid, which is far more than
expected at appraisal of the rehabilitation project. In spite of the treatment facility located in JFP,
dirty water stays in the port bringing about the worsened environment. Indonesian government will
start the improvement project in the port by its own fund within 2009 in parallel with therehabilitation project. It is expected to realize the better environment by the improvement project.
While the current rehabilitation project will restore the original function of the quay wall, there is apossibility that the gap between the heightened quay wall and the existing facilities might causesome difficulties to unload and transport goods. Although the improvement of private facilities are to
be dealt by private sectors, if the subsidence and high tide developed more than expected in the
future, spot or partial improvement might not be sufficient to solve the problem. If such case arises,
it might be necessary to review and revise the entire operation plan of JFP.
3.2

Recommendations

3.2.1 Recommendations to Executing Agencies
The establishment of the appropriate O/M organization and the budget allocation are crucial and a
key to the smooth start of O/M after completion of the project. It is also necessary to clearly
demarcate the responsibility of UPT and PERUM again for maintenance and operation of facilities
because presently it is not clear on some points. The well manned, equipped with better technology
organization, and sufficient income sources and budget will be required for a satisfactory O/M of theport.
It is necessary to study comprehensive measures for the future subsidence problems in JFP as awhole. For this purpose, the formulation of an organization for investigating restoration of thefunction of JFP is necessary with the efforts of both private and public O/M organizations.
3.2.2 Recommendations to JICA
It is appropriate to keep using the same operation and effect indicators set at appraisal for JFP as
the indicators because the objectives of the rehabilitation project is to restore the previous function
and DGCF has the same idea as well.
3.3 Lessons Learnt

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None

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