Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)Ⴎ㘃ᷝടߦࠃࠆ⫳᳇⤑፣უ߅ࠃ߮⫳᳇῜⊒ߩଦㅴലᨐᣂ੗ ፏᵗ̐  ฎ⼱ ᱜ⵨̐

Effect of Salt Additives to Water on the Severity of Vapor Explosions
and on the Collapse of Vapor Film
Takahiro ARAI̐and

Masahiro FURUYA̐Abstract
We proposed ultra rapid solidification and atomization technique, CANOPUS (Cooling and Atomizing based on
NOble Process Utilizing Steam explosion), using small-scale vapor explosions to make an amorphous metal. The
CANOPUS method is suitable for rapid cooling and atomization process, which utilizing sustainable small-scale vapor
explosions. In order to apply the CANOPUS method to a high melting point metal, it is necessary to make asmall-scale vapor explosion occur at a high temperature of the molten metal. Small-scale experiment is conducted todevelop the vapor explosion promotor in which spontaneous vapor explosion can occur at a high temperature of amolten metal. Spontaneous vapor explosion do not occur when water at 80 oC is used as a coolant. However,
spontaneous vapor explosion occurs when water at 80 oC with salt additives is used as a coolant. Specifically, lithium
chloride solution generates spontaneous vapor explosions at the highest temperature of the molten tin in the experiment.
In order to clarify the triggering mechanism of the spontaneous vapor explosion when the promotor is used as a coolant,a high-temperature solid stainless steel sphere is immersed into a coolant. The interfacial temperature of the stainlesssteel sphere is measured, and the behavior of a vapor film around the stainless steel sphere is observed with a digital
video camera. As a result, salt additives resulted in an increase of quench temperature in all salt solutions. The
quenching curves of each coolant indicate that the salt additives improve the film boiling heat transfer. The
improvement of the film boiling heat transfer causes an unstable formation of the vapor film and a rise of the quench
temperature. It is clarified that the salt additives to water promotes a vapor film collapse. Comparing two
experiments, the quench temperature of each solution is in close agreement with the upper limit of the molten tin
temperature that causes spontaneous vapor explosion. This result suggests that the vapor film collapse triggers
spontaneous vapor explosion.
Key Words: Vapor explosion, Salt, Rapid quenching, Vapor film collapse, Film boiling㧝 ✜ ⸒㜞޿⠴⣣㘩ᕈࠍ␜ߔ㧚㕖᥏⾰ߪဋ৻ᕈ߇㜞ߊ㧘⣣㘩ߩ⿠ὐߣߥࠆ☸⇇߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߽⠴⣣㘩ᕈߩ㜞ߐߦነਈߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ⿥ᕆ಄࡮ᓸ☸ൻᛛⴚ CANOPUSඨዉ૕㧘⏛ᕈ૕㧘㊄ዻ᧚ᢱߥߤߩಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡㄭ
ᐕ㧘㕖᥏⾰(ࠕࡕ࡞ࡈࠔࠬ)㊄ዻߩ೑↪߇᜛ᄢߒߡ޿
ࠆ㧚㕖᥏⾰㊄ዻߣߪ㧘ࠟ࡜ࠬߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ర⚛ߩ㈩೉

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㕖᥏⾰㊄ዻߪఝࠇߚ․ᓽࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩ
ߩ㧘ㅢᏱߪ㊄ዻࠍṁⲢ࡮಄ළߐߖࠆㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ⚿᥏ൻ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘㕖᥏⾰⋧ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ߦⷙೣᕈ߇ߥߊోߊή⒎ᐨߥ㊄ዻࠍߐߔ㧚㕖᥏⾰㊄
ዻߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ㧘ᒝ㕤ᕈ㧘⠴㘩ᕈ㧘エ⏛ᕈ߇᜼ߍࠄ

಄ළㅦᐲߩะ਄޽ࠆ޿ߪᷝട‛ࠍ↪޿ߚ㕖᥏⾰ൻ㧘
޿ࠊࠁࠆ㊄ዻࠟ࡜ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ߎࠇ߹ߢᵴ⊒ߦࠇࠆ㧚৻⥸ߦ㕖᥏⾰㊄ዻߪൻቇ⊛ߥᵴᕈ߇㜞޿ߚ߼㧘ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚੹ᓟࠃࠅᄙߊߩ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱࠍ㕖᥏⾰ൻ̐ฃઃᣣ: 2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 14 ᣣ, ╙ 43 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠃࠅฃઃ㧘ᜂᒰࠛ࠺ࠖ࠲࡯:ᴡ᧛ ᵗ㔚ജਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲ ේሶജᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ (‫ޥ‬201-8511 ᧲੩ㇺ⁔ᳯᏒጤᚭർ 2-11-1)- 91 -C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘಄ළㅦᐲࠍะ਄ߐߖߚ಄ළᚻᴺ߇Ԙ ☻ᷙว(Premixing)ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚㜞᷷ᶧ૕ߣૐ᷷ᶧ૕߇⫳᳇⤑ߦࠃߞߡ㓒ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⤑ᴣ㛛⁁ᘒ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ╩⠪ࠄߪ㧘ዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ࠍᜬ⛯⊛ߦ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧘቟ో߆ߟല₸⊛ߥᶧ૕ᓸ☸ൻᚻԙ ࠻࡝ࠟ࡝ࡦࠣ(Triggering)ᴺ߅ࠃ߮⿥ᕆ಄ᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ CANOPUS (Cooling and⥄⊒⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪᄖㇱ߆ࠄߩ࠻࡝ࠟ࡯ߦࠃߞߡ⤑Atomizing based on NOble Process Utilizing Steamᴣ㛛߇ਇ቟ቯൻߒ㧘ૐ᷷ᶧ૕ߣ㜞᷷ᶧ૕߇⋥ធ

explosion)ᴺࠍ⠨᩺ߒߚ[1]㧚CANOPUS ᴺߢߪṁⲢ᧚ធ⸅ߒ㧘࿶ജᵄࠍ↢ᚑߔࠆ㧚ᢱߣ಄ළ᧚ࠍዋ㊂ߕߟᷙวߒߡᜬ⛯⊛ߦዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇Ԛ વ᠞(Propagation)῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߚ߼㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥ⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔᕆㅦߥᾲવ㆐㧘⫳᳇⊒↢㧘ᓸ☸ൻࠍ઻޿ߥ߇ࠄ

ࠆߎߣ߇ߥ޿ᕆ಄ᓸ☸ൻᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ㧚CANOPUS ᴺ☻ᷙว㗔ၞో૕ߦ࿶ജᵄ߇વ᠞ߔࠆ㧚8ߩ಄ළㅦᐲߪᦨᄢߢ 1.510 K/s ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᓥ᧪ᚻᴺԛ ⤘ᒛ(Expansion)

ߩ 280 ୚એ਄ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ㜞޿಄ළㅦᐲࠍ೑↪ߒߡ㧘㜞࿶㗔ၞ߇⤘ᒛߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᯏ᪾⊛ࠛࡀ࡞ᓥ᧪ߦߥ޿⚵ᚑߩ㕖᥏⾰ൻ᧚ᢱࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆߎߣ߇น

ࠡ࡯ࠍ᡼಴ߔࠆ㧚⢻ߣߥߞߚ㧚

߹ߚ㧘Fig. 2 ߪ㧘⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ࠻࡝ࠟ࡝ࡦࠣㆊ⒟ߩ
⹦⚦ࠍ␜ߒߚ᭎ᔨ࿑ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ࠻࡝ࠟ࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅޿ߡᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ

 ⫳᳇῜⊒᧦ઙߪએਅߩ 3 ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧚

CANOPUS ᴺߣߒߡᵴ↪ߒߚ⫳᳇῜⊒ߣߪ㧘ṁⲢԘ ṁⲢ㊄ዻ๟࿐ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߔ㊄ዻߥߤߩ㜞᷷ᶧ૕ߣ᳓ߥߤߩૐ᷷ᶧ૕߇ធ⸅ߔࠆࠆ㧚㓙ߦ㧘ਔ⠪ࠍ㓒ߡߡ޿ࠆ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߔࠆߎߣߢਔ
ᶧ૕߇⋥ធធ⸅ߒ㧘ᕆㅦߥ⫳᳇↢ᚑߣᓸ☸ൻ߇ⴕࠊԙ ⋥ធធ⸅ߦࠃࠅ⥄⊒ᩭ↢ᚑ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚ࠇࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚Ԛ ធ⸅⇇㕙᷷ᐲ߇ṁⲢ㊄ዻⲢὐએ਄ߢ޽ࠅ(ᶧᶧߎߩ⫳᳇῜⊒⃻⽎ߪ㧘ේሶജ㧘㊄ዻᎿᬺ㧘ߘߒߡ⋥ធធ⸅)㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻߩᓸ☸ൻ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚⵾⚕ᬺߥߤߩ↥ᬺಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ߽⊒↢ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘↥ߟ߹ࠅ㧘᳓ਛߩṁⲢ㊄ዻߪ㧘๟࿐ߦ⫳᳇⤑߇ᒻᚑߐᬺἴኂߣߒߡ⹺⍮ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘1960 ᐕઍࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߔࠆ㧚એ㒠㧘⫳᳇῜⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢙᄙߊߩታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥߥࠄ߮ߘߩ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߒߚ▎ᚲߢ⋥ធធ⸅߇⊒↢ߒ㧘ߘߦℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇ㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥ⫳᳇῜⊒ߦߟ޿ߡߩធ⸅⇇㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ᳓ߩ⥄⊒ᩭ↢ᚑ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚⥄⊒ߪ㧘એਅߦ␜ߔ৻ㅪߩ⚛ㆊ⒟߆ࠄߥࠆߎߣ߇⎇ⓥ⠪ᩭ↢ᚑ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ᭽⋧ࠍ㜞ㅦᐲนⷞ᷹ⷰߒߚ⚿ᨐߦ㑆ߩ౒ㅢ⹺⼂ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ[2]㧚Fig. 1 ߦᄢⷙᮨ⫳᳇ࠃࠆߣ㧘⋥ធធ⸅ߒߡ߆ࠄ 10 Ps ߣ޿߁ᭂ߼ߡ⍴޿῜⊒⚛ㆊ⒟ߩ᭎ᔨ࿑ࠍ␜ߒ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ㧚ᤨ㑆ߦ㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻ⴫㕙਄ߦ⥄⊒ᩭ↢ᚑߦࠃࠆ᳇ᵃ⟲Vapor film Molten metal߇↢ᚑߐࠇࠆ[3]㧚ߎߩ⥄⊒ᩭ↢ᚑߦࠃࠅធ⸅⇇㕙߇

Pressure waveਇ቟ቯߦߥࠅ㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻ߇ᓸ☸ൻߔࠆ㧚ߘࠇߦࠃࠅ
ᣂߚߥធ⸅⇇㕙߇↢ᚑߐࠇ㧘ౣ߮⥄⊒ᩭ↢ᚑ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᱜߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ߇௛ߊ㧚

Water
Ԙ Premixingԙ Triggering
Vapor film

Ԛ Propagation

ԛ Expansion

Molten metalԘ Vapor film collapse ԙ Spontaneous
nucleation

Ԛ Fine mixing

Fig. 2 Schematic of triggering process on vapor
explosion.

Fig. 1 Schematic of basic process on large scale
vapor explosion [2].
2 ---92

C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007) 㜞Ⲣὐ㊄ዻߦኻߔࠆ CANOPUS ᴺߩㆡ↪ߩ⊒↢߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚એਅߦઍ⴫⊛ߥዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ␜ߔ㧚ታ↪⊛ߥ㊄ዻ᧚ᢱߪ㧘Ⲣὐ߇㜞޿㊄ዻߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩ
߇ᄙ޿㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘ߘࠇࠄⲢὐ߇㜞޿ታ↪᧚ᢱߦ

Takigahira㧘Sugiyama ࠄߪ㧘Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁ

CANOPUS ᴺࠍㆡ↪ߒ㧘㕖᥏⾰ൻࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ

ᶧߥࠄ߮ߦႮൻࠞ࡞ࠪ࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧࠍ಄ළ᧚ߣߒߡ㧘ߪ㧘ࠃࠅṁⲢ㊄ዻ᷷ᐲ߇㜞޿᧦ઙਅߢ߽ല₸⊛ߦ⫳੝㋦ߥࠄ߮ߦ㌃ߩᶧṢࠍ⪭ਅߐߖࠆ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘᳓ߩ႐วߢߪ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇㊄ዻߩⲢὐ߇㜞޿ߎߣߪ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞޿᷷ᐲߢ࿕ൻߔ

῜⊒߇⊒↢ߒߥ޿᧦ઙਅߢ߽Ⴎࠍᷝടߒߚ᳓ṁᶧࠍࠆ㧘ߟ߹ࠅ⫳᳇῜⊒࠻࡝ࠟ࡝ࡦࠣߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆ

↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ

ᶧᶧ⋥ធធ⸅߇⊒↢ߒߦߊߊߥࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ㧚ߚ[9]㧚

߹ߚ㧘Ⲣὐ߇㜞޿ߚ߼ߦ಄ළ᧚ߣធ⸅ߔࠆೋᦼ᷷ᐲ

⪺⠪ࠄߪ㧘Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߥࠄ߮ߦႮൻࠞ

߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻ๟࿐ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ⫳᳇⤑߇㧘࡞ࠪ࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧࠍ಄ළᶧߣߒߡ㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻࡊ࡯࡞ߦ

ࠃࠅ቟ቯߒߡሽ࿷ߔࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘⫳᳇῜⊒࠻࡝ࠟ಄ළᶧṢࠍṢਅߔࠆታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿㧘⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔ࡝ࡦࠣߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆ⫳᳇⤑፣უ߽⊒↢ߒߦߊߊࠆṁⲢ㊄ዻ᷷ᐲ㗔ၞ߇㧘᳓ߩ႐วࠃࠅ߽㜞᷷஥ߦ⒖ߥࠆ㧚એ਄ߩὐ߆ࠄ㧘㜞Ⲣὐ㊄ዻߦኻߒߡ⫳᳇῜⊒ⴕߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ[10]㧚
એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘಄ළ᧚ߢ޽ࠆ᳓ߦኻߒߡႮࠍᷝട

ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㜞᷷᧦ઙਅߢ⫳᳇⤑ࠍߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘⫳᳇⤑፣უଦㅴലᨐߥࠄ߮ߦ⫳᳇፣უߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ㧚㜞᷷᧦ઙਅߢ⫳᳇⤑፣უࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡ

῜⊒ଦㅴലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߪ㧘ᯏ᪾⊛ߦଦㅴߔࠆᣇᴺߣᾲ⊛ߦଦㅴߔࠆᣇᴺߩ

ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ਔ⠪ߩ㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪቯ㊂⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ੑߟ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘ᯏ᪾⊛ߥଦㅴᚻᴺߪ㧘⫳ߦߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ᷝടߔࠆႮߩ⒳㘃ߦኻߔࠆ⍮⷗߽᳇⤑ߦኻߒߡᄖജࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߢᯏ᪾⊛ߦ⫳᳇⤑ࠍਇචಽߢ޽ࠆ㧚፣უߐߖࠆߎߣࠍᜰߔ㧚ߎࠇࠍᒝ೙⊛⫳᳇⤑፣უଦᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘᳓ߦ⒳‫ߩޘ‬Ⴎࠍᷝടߒߚ಄ළ᧚

ㅴലᨐߣ๭߱ߎߣߣߔࠆ㧚ᰴߦ㧘ᾲ⊛ߥଦㅴᣇᴺߪ㧘ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆ⫳᳇῜⊒ଦㅴ⫳᳇⤑ߩಝ❗ࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆߎߣࠍᜰߔ㧚ߎࠇࠍ⥄⊒᧚ࠍ⷗಴ߔߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢ଦㅴᯏ⊛⫳᳇⤑፣უଦㅴലᨐߣ๭߱ߎߣߣߔࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ

᭴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚ߪ㧘ല₸⊛ߦ⫳᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ⥄⊒⊛㧞 ṁⲢ㍯ࠍ↪޿ߚዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎⫳᳇⤑፣უ߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇⤑፣უߦࠃࠆ⫳᳇῜⊒ߩଦㅴലᨐߦ⌕⋡ ታ㛎⋡⊛ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇⤑፣უଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪ㧘಄ṁⲢ㍯ࠍ಄ළࡊ࡯࡞ߦṢਅߐߖࠆታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒ㧘

ළ․ᕈߩะ਄ߩߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧚․᳓ߦኻߔࠆႮߩᷝട߇⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢᷷ᐲ▸

ߦ㍑ߩ὾߈౉ࠇߥߤߩಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡߪฎߊ߆ࠄ⎇ⓥ࿐ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘᳓ߦႮࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⫳᳇⤑᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆ⫳᳇῜⊒ଦㅴ᧚ࠍ⷗಴ߔ㧚፣უ߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ታ㛎⊛ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚એ ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߥࠄ߮ߦታ㛎ᚻ㗅ਅߦઍ⴫⊛ߥታ㛎ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ㧚ᄙ⾐⼱ࠄߪ㧘㌁⚦✢ᶐẃታ㛎ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ

ᧄታ㛎ߢߪ㍯ࠍ⹜㛎㊄ዻߣߒߡ૶↪ߒߚ㧚㍯ߪⲢߞߡ㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ᳓ṁᶧߦኻߔࠆ಄ළ⢻ࠍᲧセߒ㧘ὐ߇ 231.9 ͠ߣૐߊ㧘ዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ᳓ߦႮࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ಄ළᕈ⢻߇ะ਄ߔࠆ

ࠃߊ૶↪ߐࠇࠆ㊄ዻߢ޽ࠆ㧚
Fig. 3 ߦታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩ᭎ⷐ࿑ࠍ␜ߔ㧚⹜㛎ㇱߪടᾲߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ[4, 5]㧚
Ohnaka ࠄߥࠄ߮ߦᧄ↰ࠄߪ㧘㜞᷷⊕㊄⚦✢ࠍ᳓߅Ἱߥࠄ߮ߦ಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚ടᾲἹߪ㧘⌀ⓨࠃ߮Ⴎ㘃᳓ṁᶧਛߦᶐẃ಄ළߐߖࠆታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿㧘Ⴎ࠴ࡖࡦࡃ࡯ౝߦࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽လႂ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ㧘㜞๟ᵄ⺃ᷝടߦࠃࠆ಄ළ․ᕈߩะ਄ࠍ␜ߒߚ[6, 7]㧚

ዉߦࠃࠅടᾲߐࠇࠆ૕♽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ടᾲἹౝߪ㉄ൻࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦࠕ࡞ࠧࡦ㔓࿐᳇ߣߒߚ㧚⹜㛎㊄ዻߢ᧻᧛ࠄߪ㧘㜞᷷࿕૕⃿ࠍ↪޿ߡᶐẃታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿㧘

޽ࠆ㍯ߪ㧘ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽လႂౝߢ㧘㜞๟ᵄ⺃ዉߦࠃࠅട

Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߩ಄ළ․ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ[8]㧚
߹ߚ㧘Ⴎߩᷝടലᨐߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ߦᾲߐࠇࠆ㧚ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠽လႂᐩㇱߦߪ㧘ṁⲢ㍯ࠍᶧṢߣኻߔࠆታ㛎⊛ᬌ⸛߽ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߒߡ಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߦṢਅߔࠆߚ߼ߩⓣ߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚
3 ---93

C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)

TC

ChamberTable 1 Experimental condition.

Plug
Induction furnace
Vacuum pumpAr
Crucible
TC

Video camera

Molten tin
HeaterCoolant

Fig. 3  Schematic of experimental apparatus forsmall scale vapor explosion.

Test metalTin (m.p.䋺231.9㷄)Initial temperature of molten
metal

280䋭1200㷄

Mass of molten metal

50g

Coolant

CaCl2 solution
NaCl solution
LiCl solution
MgCl2 solution
Water

Concentration of solution

20wt%

Initial temperature of coolant

80㷄

Falling distance

500mm

Nozzle diameter㱂3mmടᾲᤨߦߪ㧘ߘߩⓣࠍ߰ߐߋߚ߼ߦࡊ࡜ࠣ߇ᝌ౉ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࡊ࡜ࠣౝㇱߦ㕖ធ࿾ဳ࠲ࠗࡊ K ࠪ࡯್೎ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚ࠬᾲ㔚ኻࠍᝌ౉ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߩᾲ㔚ኻߩᜰ␜୯ࠍ
ṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߣߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߪ৻ㄝ߇ 200 ታ㛎⚿ᨐߥࠄ߮ߦ⠨ኤmm㧘᳓ᷓߪ 450 mm ߣߒߚ㧚಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߩ᷷ᐲ೙

Fig. 4 ߪ 80 ͠ߩ಄ළࡊ࡯࡞ߦ 500 ͠ߩṁⲢ㍯ࠍᓮߦߪࡑࠗࠢࡠࡅ࡯࠲࡯ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚ࡊ࡯࡞ౝ᷷ᐲࠍ

Ṣਅߒߚᤨߩ᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧚਄Ბ߇᳓ߩ႐วߢ޽

K ဳࠪ࡯ࠬᾲ㔚ኻߦࠃߞߡ⸘᷹ߒ㧘ߘߩ⸘᷹୯ߦၮ

ࠅ㧘ਅᲑ߇ 20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߩ႐วࠍ␜

ߠ޿ߡࡑࠗࠢࡠࡅ࡯࠲࡯߳ߩ౉ജ㔚࿶ࠍ PID ೙ᓮߔߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘᳓ߩ႐วߦߪ㧘ᤨೞ 0.03 s ߦ߅޿ࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᚲቯߩ᷷ᐲࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ㧚ߡṁⲢ㍯߇಄ළࡊ࡯࡞ౝߦ౉ࠆߣ㧘๟࿐ߦ⫳᳇⤑߇ታ㛎ᚻ㗅ࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ㧚߹ߕ಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ࠍᚲቯ

↢ᚑߒߚ㧚ᤨೞ 0.07 s ߦߪṁⲢ㍯ߩᒻ⁁ߪᄌൻߔࠆ

ߩ᷷ᐲߦ଻ᜬߔࠆ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘㍯ࠍടᾲ㧘ṁⲢߒ㧘ᚲ߽ߩߩ㧘⫳᳇⤑߇቟ቯߒߡሽ࿷ߒߚ߹߹⪭ਅߒ㧘⫳ቯߩ᷷ᐲߦ㆐ߒߡ቟ቯߒߚߣߎࠈߢࡊ࡜ࠣࠍᒁ߈ᛮ

᳇῜⊒ߪ⊒↢ߒߥ߆ߞߚ㧚᳓᷷ 80 ͠ߦ߅޿ߡߪ

߈㧘಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߦṢਅߐߖࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩṁⲢ㍯

280-1100 ͠ߩṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߦኻߒߡ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒᜼േߪࡆ࠺ࠝࠞࡔ࡜(Panasonic ␠⵾㧘SDR-S100)ߦࠃ

ߩ⊒↢ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓

ߞߡࡊ࡯࡞஥㕙ࠃࠅⷰኤߒߚ㧚᠟ᓇ᧦ઙߪ㧘᠟ᓇㅦṁᶧߩ႐วߦߪ㧘ᤨೞ 0.03 - 0.07 s ߪṁⲢ㍯߇಄ළࡊ

ᐲ 30 fps㧘ࠪࡖ࠶࠲࡯ㅦᐲ 1/8000 s ߣߒߚ㧚࡯࡞ౝࠍ⫳᳇⤑ߦⷒࠊࠇߥ߇ࠄ⪭ਅߒ㧘ᤨೞ 0.10 sߦ߅޿ߡ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߒߚ㧚
Table 2 ߪฦ⒳᳓ṁᶧߦኻߒߡห᭽ߩታ㛎ࠍታᣉ ታ㛎᧦ઙ

Table 1 ߦታ㛎᧦ઙࠍ␜ߔ㧚಄ළ᧚᷷ᐲߪ 80 ͠৻ߒ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ቯ᧦ઙߣߒ㧘ṁⲢ㋈᷷ᐲࠍ 50 ͠㑆㓒ߢᄌൻߐߖࠆ

ࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ㧚᳓ߩ႐วߦߪ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄

⊒߇ 280-1100 ͠ߩṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲ▸࿐ߦ߅޿ߡߪోߊ

㒢୯ࠍ᳞߼ߚ㧚ṁⲢ㍯ߪ⋥ᓘ 3 mm ߩࡁ࠭࡞߆ࠄ⪭⊒↢ߒߥ߆ߞߚߩߦኻߒߡ㧘Ⴎࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ

ਅ〒㔌 400 mm ߦߡṢਅߐࠇࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᣢሽߩ⍮⷗ࠅ㧘޿ߕࠇߩ᳓ṁᶧߩ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ߽⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜ߣߩᲧセ߅ࠃ߮᳓ṁᶧߩ㆑޿ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߚ߼

⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ㧚ᷝടߔࠆߦ㧘ᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ᳓ṁᶧ߅ࠃ߮㘃ૃ

Ⴎߩ⒳㘃ߦࠃߞߡṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ߩ਄᣹ലᨐ߇

ߒߚႮߩ᳓ṁᶧࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢ߩ⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߢ↪޿ߚႮߩਛߢ㧘᦭ήߪ㧘῜⊒㖸ߥࠄ߮ߦ᷹ⷰ↹௝ߦ߅ߌࠆᕆ⤘ᒛߩᦨ߽㜞޿ṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߦኻߒߡ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢᦭ήߦࠃࠅ್೎ߒߚ㧚ߥ߆ߢ߽㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇ߐߖࠄࠇࠆߩߪႮൻ࡝࠴࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿

⊒↢ߔࠆ᳓ᷓ߇ 50 mm ࠃࠅᵻ޿႐วߦߪ⥄⊒⊛⫳ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚᳇῜⊒޽ࠅߣ್೎ߒߚ㧚ㅒߦ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇᳓
ᷓ 50 mm ࠃࠅᷓ޿૏⟎ߢ⊒↢ߒߚ႐วߪ㧘ೋᦼ᷷ᐲ᧦ઙ߇ᄌൻߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߥߒߣ
4 ---94

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Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)

Molten tin temperature䋺500㷄
Coolant

0.00 sTime0.03 s0.07 s0.10 s0.13 sSolutionsurface

Molten tin

Water
(80㷄)

10mm

Coolant
Solutionsurface
20wt%
NaCl
solution
(80㷄)

10mm
Molten tin
Coolant
Triggering of vapor explosion

Fig. 4 Effect of salt additives to spontaneous vapor explosion.
࿾ဳ࠲ࠗࡊ K ࠪ࡯ࠬᾲ㔚ኻࠍᝌ౉ߒߚ㧚ߎߩᾲ㔚ኻ

Table 2 Upper limit of molten tin temperature on
spontaneous vapor explosion.

ߪ㧘࿕૕⃿ߩ᣹㒠߅ࠃ߮ᡰᜬߩߚ߼ߦ߽೑↪ߒߚ㧚࿕૕⃿ߪടᾲἹ਄ㇱߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚࡕ࡯࠲࡯ߦࠃߞߡ

Coolant(Concentration of solution䋺20wt%)(Temperature of solution䋺80㷄)Upper limit temperature
range of spontaneous
vapor explosion (㷄)Water਄ਅߦ㚟േߐࠇࠆ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߢ↪޿ࠆ⹜㛎࿕૕⃿ߩ⹦⚦࿑ࠍ Fig. 6 ߦ␜ߔ㧚⋥ᓘ 30 mm ߩࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ(SUS304)⵾࿕૕⃿⴫㕙

No explosion᷷ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⃿ਛᔃߦI1.6 mm ធ࿾ဳ࠲ࠗ

MgSO4 solution

450

MgCl2 solution550ࡊ K ࠪ࡯ࠬᾲ㔚ኻࠍᝌ౉ߒߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߢ૶↪ߒߚᾲ

NaCl solution

550㔚ኻߩᤨቯᢙߪ⚂ 0.1 s ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᾲ㔚ኻవ┵ߪ࿕૕⃿CaCl2 solution650ਅㇱߦ߅޿ߡ TIG ṁធߒߚᓟߦࡃࡈ⎇⏴ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ

LiCl solution700ߢ㧘⃿⴫㕙ߩಳಲࠍᦨዊ㒢ߦᛥ߃㧘ⓣߩ⽾ㅢㇱಽ߇᳇ᵃᩭߣߥߞߡ⫳᳇⤑ߩ፣უ᜼േߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎ
ߣ߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ㧚࿕૕⃿⴫㕙᷷ᐲߩ⸘᷹ߦ㧟 ṁⲢ㍯ࠍ↪޿ߚዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ߪ㧘࠺࡯࠲ࡠࠟ࡯(Graphtec ␠⵾㧘GL400 )ࠍ૶↪ߒ㧘⸘᷹㑆㓒ߪ 0.1 s ߣߒߚ㧚᷷ᐲ⸘᷹⺋Ꮕߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘࠲ ታ㛎⋡⊛Ⴎᷝടߦࠃࠅ㧘㜞᷷ߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆ

ࠗࡊ K ࠪ࡯ࠬᾲ㔚ኻߪ JIS ࠢ࡜ࠬ 1 ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⸵ኈᏅⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻ๟࿐ߦᒻᚑߔࠆ⫳᳇⤑᜼േߦߪ᷹ቯ᷷ᐲߩr0.4 %ߢ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘࠺࡯࠲ࡠࠟ࡯

⌕⋡ߒ㧘ᶧ૕㊄ዻࠍᮨᡆߒߚ㜞᷷࿕૕ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿GL400 ߩ⸘᷹⺋Ꮕߪ᷹ቯ᷷ᐲߩ 0.05 % +1.5 ͠ߢ޽ࠍ಄ළ᧚ਛߦᶐẃߐߖࠆታ㛎ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚ࠆ㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘ᧄታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ૏⟎࿕૕⃿ᶐẃታ㛎ߦࠃߞߡ㧘Ⴎᷝട߇⫳᳇⤑ߩ↢ᚑߥߩ᷷ᐲ⸘᷹⺋Ꮕߪᦨᄢr3.7 K ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠄ߮ߦ፣უㆊ⒟ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ㧚಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߪ৻ㄝ߇ 200 mm㧘㜞ߐ߇ 150 mm ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ᳓ᮏߦ㧘ߣߒߚ㧚಄ළ᧚᷷ᐲ೙ᓮߪ㧘ࡊ࡯࡞ౝ᷷ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߒ㧘ࡊ࡯࡞ౝߦᝌ౉ߒߚࡅ࡯࠲࡯߳ߩ

 ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߥࠄ߮ߦታ㛎ᚻ㗅౉ജ㔚࿶ࠍ PID ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߢⴕߞߚ㧚ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩ᭎ⷐ࿑ࠍ Fig. 5 ߦ␜ߔ㧚⹜㛎ㇱߪടᾲㇱߥࠄ߮ߦ಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚ടᾲㇱߪౝᓘ 40ታ㛎ᚻ㗅ࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ㧚߹ߕ࿕૕⃿ࠍ㔚᳇Ἱߩਛmm ߩ౞ᩇ⁁㔚᳇Ἱߢ޽ࠆ㧚⹜㛎࿕૕⃿ߪߎߩ㔚᳇ᔃㇱಽߢᚲቯߩ᷷ᐲ߹ߢടᾲ࡮଻ᜬߒ㧘ࡕ࡯࠲࡯㚟Ἱౝߢᄢ᳇ടᾲߐࠇࠆ㧚࿕૕⃿ਛᔃߦߪI1.6 mm ធേⵝ⟎ߦࠃߞߡ಄ළ᧚ࡊ࡯࡞ߦࠁߞߊࠅߣᶐẃߐߖ
5 ---95

C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)

TC

Table 3 Experimental condition.

Coolant

Stainless steel sphereCaCl2 solution
NaCl solution
LiCl solution
MgCl2 solution
MgSO4 solution
NaNO3 solution
Water

Concentration of solution

20wt%

Initial temperature ofcoolant80㷄

Initial temperature ofstainless steel sphere

800㷄

Immersion depth

15mm (0.5D)

Motor
TC

Electric furnace
TC

HeaterDigital video camera

Coolant
Fig. 5  Schematic of experimental apparatus forstainless steel sphere immersion experiment.
㱂30mmࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩ಄ළߦ઻߁࿕૕⃿⴫㕙ߩ᷷ᐲᄌൻࠍ
࿕૕⃿ߦᝌ౉ߒߚᾲ㔚ኻߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚

Sheathed thermocouples

㱂1.6mmStainless steel sphereᶐẃᤨߩᴣ㛛᭽⋧ߪࡆ࠺ࠝࠞࡔ࡜(Panasonic ␠⵾㧘
SDR-S100)ߦࠃߞߡⷰኤߒߚ㧚ࡆ࠺ࠝࠞࡔ࡜ߩ᠟ᓇ

15mm

᧦ઙߪ㧘᠟ᓇㅦᐲ 30 fps㧘ࠪࡖ࠶࠲࡯ㅦᐲ 1/8000 s

Vapor filmߣߒߚ㧚

Coolantᧄታ㛎ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿕૕⃿ᶐẃᷓߐߪ㧘⃿⋥ᓘ D ߦኻ

2mm
Tip of thermocouplesߒߡᶐẃᷓߐ H ࠍ 0.5D ߟ߹ࠅ 15 mm ߣߒ㧘ᾲ㔚ኻ

Fig. 6 Schematic of stainless steel sphere.

ᝌ౉ㇱ߇⫳᳇⤑፣უ᜼േߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ࠍឃ㒰ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿕૕⃿ߩೋᦼ⴫㕙ᕈ⁁ࠍ৻ቯߦ଻ߟߚ߼㧘ታߩࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿߇㧘ᶐẃߒߚਅඨ⃿ߩ⴫㕙߆ࠄ಄ළ㛎೨ߦ⃿⴫㕙ࠍࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߦࠃࠅ⣕⢽ᵞᵺࠍⴕ޿㧘ߐࠇࠆߣߒ㧘਄ඨ⃿ߪᢿᾲߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣߒߚ㧚ታ㛎Ფߦᣂຠߣ੤឵ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚⸘᷹ࡁࠗ࠭ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘5 ὐߩ⒖േᐔဋࠃࠅ⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚Fig. 8㧘9㧘10 ߩὐ A
㧙E ߅ࠃ߮ὐ A¶㧙E¶ߪ㧘Fig. 7 ߩ↹௝ A㧙E ߅ࠃ߮↹ ታ㛎᧦ઙ௝ A¶㧙E¶ߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙᷷ᐲ߇

Table 3 ߦታ㛎᧦ઙࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡߪ

800͠ߦ㆐ߒߚᤨೞࠍᤨೞ 0 s ߣߒߚ㧚ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ೋᦼ᷷ᐲ㧘಄ළ᧚ೋᦼ᷷ᐲߥࠄ߮ߦᶐ
ẃᷓߐࠍ৻ቯߣߒ㧘಄ළ᧚ߩ⒳㘃ࠍታ㛎ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲

߹ߕ᳓ߩ႐วߦߟ޿ߡ㧘↹௝ A㧦0.0 s ߢߪࠬ࠹ࡦ

ߣߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ೋᦼ᷷ᐲߪ 800 ͠ߣߒ࡟ࠬ⃿๟࿐ߦ⫳᳇⤑߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘↹௝ B㧦40.0ߚ㧚s ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ห᭽ߩ⫳᳇⤑߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⫳᳇⤑ߪ㧘ዪᚲ⊛ߦᄢ㊂ߩ⫳᳇߇↢ᚑߐࠇࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘⫳᳇⤑⇇㕙߇ᵄᛂߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘Ყセ⊛ෘߊ቟ቯߒ

 ታ㛎⚿ᨐߥࠄ߮ߦ⠨ኤ
Fig. 7 ߪ಄ළ᧚ߣߒߡ᳓ߥࠄ߮ߦ 20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻

ߡᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎߩ቟ቯߒߚ⤑ᴣ㛛Ბ㓏ߦ߅޿࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ೋᦼ᷷ᐲ 800 ͠ߩࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟

ߡߩ಄ළㅦᐲߪ㧘ᶐẃ㐿ᆎᤨߦ߅ࠃߘ 10 K/s ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠬ⃿ࠍᶐẃߐߖߚߣ߈ߩ஥㕙᷹ⷰ↹௝ࠍᤨ♽೉ߢ␜⫳᳇⤑፣უ⋥೨ߦߪ 3 K/s ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ߽ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚಄ළ᧚᷷ᐲߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ 80 ͠ߢ޽ࠆ㧚Fig.

቟ቯߒߚ⫳᳇⤑߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ㧘↹௝ C㧦86.0 s ߦ߅޿8, 9 ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙ߩ᷷ᐲߣ಄ළㅦ

ߡࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ਅ┵Ꮐᅏ߆ࠄ⫳᳇⤑ߩ፣უ߇ᆎ߹ߞ

ᐲߩᤨ㑆ᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚಄ළㅦᐲߪ㧘⸘᷹ࡁࠗߚ㧚↹௝ D㧦87.0 s ߦߪ⫳᳇⤑ߩ፣უ߇ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ

࠭ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘5 ὐߩ⒖േᐔဋࠃࠅ▚⃿๟࿐ߦ᜛ᄢߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᓸዊߥ⫳᳇ᵃࠍᄢ㊂ߦ↢ᚑ಴ߒߚ㧚Fig. 10 ߪ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩㆊᾲᐲߦኻߔࠆ

ߒߚ㧚↹௝ E㧦89.0 s ߦߪࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩベㇳ߇ਇ᣿⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ▚಴ߦ㓙ߒߡ㧘ࠬ⍎ߦߥࠆ߶ߤߩήᢙߩ⫳᳇ᵃ߇↢ᚑߐࠇ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ో૕ߩ᷷ᐲ߇৻᭽ߢ޽ࠆߣ઒ቯߒߚ㧚ߎࠬ⃿ᶐẃㇱಽోၞ߇ᩭᴣ㛛ߦ⒖ⴕߒߚ㧚ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ
6 ---96

C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)

Before vapor film collapse
Solutionsurface

Vapor film collapse

After vapor film collapse

SphereSchematic
10mm

Vapor
film

Coolant
800㷄

397㷄

Water
(80㷄)
A: 0.0 s

B: 40.0 s

C: 86.0 s

800㷄

20wt%
NaCl
solution(80㷄)D: 87.0 s

E: 89.0 s

D¶: 16.6 s

E¶: 17.0 s

623㷄

A¶: 0.0 s

B¶: 8.0 s

C¶: 16.5 s

1.0E+07
107

A, A¶

800

B¶

600

C¶

D¶
E¶

Water

B

C¶

D
NaCl

E

200

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Cooling rate of solid sphere surface (K/s)

A¶
B¶
A

C

0

100

200

300

B

400

500

600

700

Surface superheat (K)Elapsed time after solid sphere immersion (s)Fig. 8 Quenching curve of stainless steel sphere.

NaCl

Water

105
1.0E+05

0

E¶

D

E

1.0E+06
106

C

400

D¶

Surface heat flux (W/m2)

Surface temperature of solid sphere (s)Fig. 7 Effect of salt additives on vapor film collapse.

Fig. 10 Surface heat flux of stainless steel sphere.
ᐲߪࠢࠛࡦ࠴㐿ᆎᤨೞ߆ࠄ 1.7 ⑽ᓟߦ⚂ 130 K/s ߩᦨ1000ᄢ୯ߦ㆐ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙᷷ᐲࠍ㧘ㆊᾲᐲߦኻߔࠆ⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ᄌൻߣߒߡߺߚ႐ว㧘ᶐẃ⋥

D¶

100

C¶
A¶

E¶

ᓟߩㆊᾲᐲ߇ 700 K ߩߣ߈ߩ⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ߪ⚂ 4.9

D

NaCl

105 W/m2 ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⤑ᴣ㛛⁁ᘒࠍᒻᚑߒߥ߇ࠄㆊᾲ

E

B¶ᐲ߇ᷫዋߔࠆߦߟࠇߡ㧘⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤߽✭߿߆ߦᷫዋ

Water

10

B

A

ߒߚ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲㄭறߢ

Cᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ὐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘⚂ 1.6105 W/m2 ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛߆ࠄᩭᴣ㛛߳ㆫ⒖

1
0

20

40

60

80

ߒ㧘ᕆỗߦ⴫㕙ߩᾲᵹ᧤߇Ⴧᄢߒߡᭂᄢᾲᵹ᧤ὐߦ

100⥋ߞߚ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩᭂᄢᾲᵹ᧤ߪ⚂ 5.5106 W/m2

Elapsed time after solid sphere immersion (s)ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚Fig. 9 Cooling rate of stainless steel sphere.

20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߦߟ޿ߡ㧘↹௝ A¶㧦⃿⴫㕙߇⤑ᴣ㛛߆ࠄᩭᴣ㛛ߦ⒖ⴕߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪᕆỗ0 s ߢߪࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿๟࿐ߦ቟ቯߒߚ⫳᳇⤑߇ᒻᚑߦ᷷ᐲ߇㒠ਅߒᆎ߼ࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩ᷷ᐲࠍࠢࠛࡦ࠴

ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘↹௝ B¶㧦8.0 s ߹ߢห᭽ߩ⫳᳇⤑߇ᒻᚑ᷷ᐲߣቯ⟵ߔࠆߣ㧘397 ͠ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘಄ළㅦߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎߩ⫳᳇⤑ߪ㧘᳓ߩ႐วߣᲧセߔࠆߣ
7 ---97

C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○ Concentration of solution䋺 20wt%

800
600

Water

LiCl

400

NaCl
CaCl2

200

MgCl2
NaNO3
MgSO4

0
-20

0
20
40
60
80
100
Elapsed time after solid sphere immersion (s)Upper-limit temperature of
spontaneous vapor explosion (㷄)Surface temperature of solid sphere (㷄)Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)

1000
800
600

䊶No explosion in water condition
䊶Concentration of solution䋺 20wt%

LiCl
CaCl2
MgCl2

NaCl

400

MgSO4

200
0

0
200
400
600
800 1000
Quench temperature of solid sphere (㷄)Fig. 11 Effect of salt additives on quenching curve.
Ყセ⊛⭯ߊ㧘⫳᳇⤑⇇㕙ߪំࠄ߉߇ዋߥߊ㧘ဋ৻ߥ

Fig. 12 Relationship of quench temperature to upper
limit temperature range of spontaneous vapor
explosion.

ෘߐࠍ଻ߞߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎߩ⤑ᴣ㛛Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆ಄ළㅦ
ᐲߪ㧘ᶐẃ㐿ᆎᤨߦ⚂ 17 K/s ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⫳᳇⤑፣უ⋥೨ߦߪ⚂ 7 K/s ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ㧚↹௝ C¶㧦16.5 s ߦ߅਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠢࠛࡦ࠴೨ߩ⤑ᴣ޿ߡࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿వ┵ฝ஥㕙߆ࠄ⫳᳇⤑ߩ፣უ߇ᆎ

㛛Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙಄ළㅦᐲ߽Ⴧᄢߒ

߹ࠅ㧘0.1 ⑽ᓟߩ↹௝ D¶㧦16.6 s ߦߪ⫳᳇⤑፣უㇱಽߡ޿ߚ㧚⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤ࠍᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻߇ᶐẃㇱಽߩ⴫㕙Ⓧߩ 3 ಽߩ 1 ⒟ᐲߦ㆐ߒ㧘๟࿐ߦ࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߪ㧘᳓ߦኻߒߡᦨᄢߢ⚂ 2 ୚ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᓸዊߥ⫳᳇ᵃ߽↢ᚑߒߡ޿ߚ㧚↹௝ E¶㧦17.0 s ߦߪߎߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘᳓ߦႮࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⤑ᴣᶐẃㇱಽోၞߢ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߒ㧘ᩭᴣ㛛ߦ⒖ⴕߒߚ㧚㛛ᾲવ㆐߇ะ਄ߔࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ߎߩߣ߈ߩࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߪ 623 ͠ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᦨᄢ಄ᤨߩ⫳᳇⤑᜼േߩ᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘᳓ߩ႐วߦߪዪᚲ

ළㅦᐲߪࠢࠛࡦ࠴ߣหᤨೞߦ߅޿ߡ⷗ࠄࠇ㧘⚂ 100⊛ߦᄢ㊂ߩ⫳᳇߇↢ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⫳᳇⤑K/s ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎߩࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙᷷ᐲࠍ㧘ㆊᾲ⇇㕙߇ᵄᛂߜߥ߇ࠄᲧセ⊛ෘ޿⫳᳇⤑ߦⷒࠊࠇࠆ᭽

ᐲߦኻߔࠆᾲᵹ᧤ᄌൻߣߒߡߺߚ႐ว㧘ᶐẃ⋥ᓟߩሶ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚ߘࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘20 wt%Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝

52ㆊᾲᐲ߇ 700 K ߩߣ߈ߩᾲᵹ᧤ߪ⚂ 8.210 W/m࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߩ႐วߦߪ㧘Ყセ⊛⭯ߊဋ৻ߥෘߐߩ⫳ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚᳓ߩ႐วߣห᭽ߦ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛⁁ᘒࠍᒻᚑߒ

᳇⤑ߦⷒࠊࠇࠆ᭽ሶ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘᳓ߦߥ߇ࠄㆊᾲᐲ߇ᷫዋߔࠆߦߟࠇߡ㧘⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤߽✭Ⴎࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘᳇ᶧ⇇㕙ߢߩ⫳᳇↢ᚑ߇⋧ኻ߿߆ߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩࠢࠛ⊛ߦᛥ೙ߐࠇ㧘⫳᳇⤑ෘߐ߇ᷫዋߒ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐

5߇ะ਄ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ᤨࡦ࠴᷷ᐲㄭறߢᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ὐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘⚂ 3.310
2

W/m ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛߆ߦࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߣ಄ළ᧚߇⋥ធធ⸅ߔࠆ㗫ᐲ߇Ⴧᄢࠄᩭᴣ㛛߳ㆫ⒖ߒ㧘ᕆỗߦ⴫㕙ᾲᵹ᧤߇Ⴧᄢߒߡᭂ

ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߒᄢᾲᵹ᧤ὐߦ⥋ࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩᭂᄢᾲᵹ᧤ߪ⚂ 6.2

߿ߔߊߥߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚

62

10 W/m ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿߇ࠢࠛࡦ

Fig. 11 ߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥႮߦኻߔࠆࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙࠴ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⫳᳇⤑ߦㆤࠄࠇࠆߎߣߥߊႮ

᷷ᐲߩ಄ළᦛ✢ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚᳓ߦኻߒߡႮࠍᷝട

ൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߣ⋥ធធ⸅ߒߚ⋥ᓟߦ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘޿ߕࠇߩ᳓ṁᶧߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࠢࠛ

࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙߇⊕ߊߥࠆ⃻⽎߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ㧚᷹ⷰߐࠇࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߔࠆ⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ᤨߚ⊕޿‛⾰ߪႮߢ޽ࠅ㧘᳓ṁᶧ߇⋥ធធ⸅ߔࠆߎߣ

ߩ಄ළᦛ✢ߩ௑߈߇ᄢ߈޿㧘ߔߥࠊߜ⤑ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐ߦࠃߞߡ㧘᳓ಽ߇ᕆỗߦ⫳⊒ߒߚߎߣߢ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟߇ᄢ߈޿߶ߤࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇㜞޿௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇

ࠬ⴫㕙ߦᨆ಴ߒߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⴫

ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߢ૶↪ߒߚႮߩߥ߆ߢᦨ߽ࠢࠛࡦ

㕙ߦᨆ಴ߒߚႮߪ㧘ࠢࠛࡦ࠴ᓟߩᩭᴣ㛛ߥࠄ߮ߦኻ

࠴᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߒߚߩߪႮൻ࡝࠴࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᵹᾲવ㆐ߦ⥋ࠆㆊ⒟ߢౣ߮᳓ṁᶧਛߦṁ⸃ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⎫㉄ࡑࠣࡀࠪ࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ઁߩ᳓ਔ⠪ࠍᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘᳓ߦ 20 wt%ߩႮൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓṁᶧߣᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘ࠁߞߊࠅߣ⫳᳇⤑߇፣უߒߚߚ

ࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇⚂ 230 ͠߼㧘᣿⏕ߥࠢࠛࡦ࠴ὐߪߺࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘
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C 2007 The Heat Transfer Society of Japan○

Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)⫳᳇⤑፣უ߇㐿ᆎߒߚᓟ㧘ዪᚲ⊛ߦߪ⤑ᴣ㛛߆ࠄᩭႮᷝടߦࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⊒↢ߔࠆ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߩᴣ㛛ߦㆫ⒖ߒߚ߽ߩߩ㧘ో૕ߣߒߡߪ⫳᳇⤑߇Ყセ⊒↢ᯏ᭴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼㧘ṁⲢ㊄ዻ๟࿐ߦᒻᚑ

⊛቟ቯߦ଻ᜬߒ⛯ߌߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߔࠆ⫳᳇⤑᜼േߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ㜞᷷ṁⲢ㊄ዻࠍᮨᡆߒߚ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩᶐẃታ㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ㜞᷷ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ࠍ಄ළ᧚ߦᶐẃߔࠆታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߪ㧘Ⴎࠍ᳓ߦᷝടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇

ߚ㧚ᶐẃߒߚࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿⴫㕙᷷ᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚⫳᳇⤑፣უߪ㧘⫳᳇῜⊒Ⴎᷝടߦࠃߞߡ⤑ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐߇ะ਄ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦ઻ߞ

߇⊒↢ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘Ⴎߩᷝߡࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ടߦࠃߞߡ㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇⤑፣უࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㧘⫳᳇⤑፣უ᜼േߩ᷹ⷰ↹௝ࠃࠅ㧘᳓ߦႮࠍᷝടߔࠆ

ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߎߣߦࠃߞߡࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿๟࿐ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚ⫳᳇⤑ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘࿕૕⃿ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ߢߪ㧘⫳᳇⤑፣უߩෘߐ߇ᷫዋߔࠆ᭽⋧߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚ߪ⊒↢ߔࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ᶧᶧ⋥ធធ⸅ߢߪߥ޿ߚ߼⫳᳇ṁⲢ㍯ࠍ↪޿ߚዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ㧘῜⊒ߪ⊒↢ߒߥ޿㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘࿕૕⃿ᶐẃታ㛎ߢᓧࠄ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ࠍ↪

ࠇߚࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߩߺ߆ࠄ⫳᳇⤑፣უߩ⊒↢᧦ઙ߅޿ߡ㧘Ⴎߩᷝടߦࠃࠆࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ലᨐ߇㧘ࠃ߮⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢᧦ઙߩ㑐ଥࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎ

⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㊄ዻ᷷ᐲ᧦ઙߦ෸߷

ߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘೨ㅀߩṁⲢ㍯ࠍ↪޿ߚዊߔᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ฦ᳓ṁᶧߦኻߒߡᓧ

ⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ࠄࠇߚ㜞᷷ࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߣ㧘⥄⊒⊛ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘Ⴎߩᷝടߦࠃࠆ

⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ߦࠃ޿⋧㑐ࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ലᨐ߇㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ㧚એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘Ⴎࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣߢ᳇ᶧ⇇㕙ߢߩ⫳᳇ߔࠆṁⲢ㊄ዻ᷷ᐲ᧦ઙߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ

↢ᚑ߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦᛥ೙ߐࠇ㧘⫳᳇⤑ෘߐ߇ᷫዋߒ㧘⤑ߣߒߚ㧚
Fig. 12 ߪࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߣ⥄⊒⊛⫳ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐߇ะ਄ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ㧘᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯ߩᲧセ⚿ᨐࠍ⤑ᴣ㛛ᤨߦࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߣ಄ළ᧚߇⋥ធធ⸅ߔࠆ

␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ฦ᳓ṁᶧߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠹ࡦ࡟ࠬ⃿ߩࠢࠛ㗫ᐲ߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇ࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߣ߶߷╬ߒ޿ṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲ߹ߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⤑߇፣უߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘⊒߇⊒↢ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚Ⴎߩᷝടߦࠃߞߡ

᳓ߦኻߔࠆႮߩᷝടߪ㧘⫳᳇⤑፣უㆊ⒟ߦኻߒߡነ

ࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ਈߒ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⫳᳇⤑፣უ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ

ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯߽਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣ

ߡ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞᷷ߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄߥߞߚ㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢ߦߪ⫳᳇⤑፣უ߇ࠇࠆ㧚⿠࿃ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘Ⴎߩᷝടߦࠃߞߡࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲ
⻢ㄉࠍ਄᣹ߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㜞᷷ߢ߽⫳᳇⤑ߩ፣უ߇⊒↢ߒ߿ߔߊߥࠅ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔᧄ ⎇ ⓥ ߩ ታ 㛎 ߦ ޽ ߚ ߞ ߡߪ 㧘 ᩣ ᑼ ળ ␠ ࠮ ࡟ ࠬࠆ᷷ᐲ▸࿐߇㜞᷷஥ߦ᜛ᄢߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ศጟ ᱞ↵ ᳁㧘㥲⮮ ੳብ ᳁㧘ᩣᑼળ␠㔚ജ࠹ࠢࡁࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ࠭ ㎨↰ ⵨๺ ᳁㧘⷏ጊ ㇌ᒾ ᳁ߦߏදജ޿㧠 ⚿ ⺰ߚߛ޿ߚ㧚ߎߎߦ⸥ߒᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒ߹ߔ㧚ṁⲢ㍯ࠍ಄ළ᧚ߦṢਅߔࠆዊⷙᮨ⫳᳇῜⊒ታ㛎ࠍෳ⠨ᢥ₂ታᣉߒ㧘⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆ᷷ᐲ▸࿐ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚80 ͠ߩ᳓ߦ᭽‫ߥޘ‬Ⴎࠍ 20 wt%ᷝടߒߡታ㛎[1] Furuya, M., ³Development of Novel Rapid Coolingand Atomization Process Making the Best Use ofVapor Explosion Phenomenon´, Proc. 12th
International Heat Transfer Conference (2002),
705-709[2] OECD/NEA, ³Meeting summary´, Proceedings of
the CSNI Specialists Meeting on Fuel-Coolant
Interactions, NUREG/ CP-0127, NEA/ CSNI/ R(98) 8 (1993), MS-1-11.

ࠍታᣉߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘Ⴎᷝടߦࠃߞߡ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒߇⊒↢ߔࠆṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߩ਄㒢୯߇㜞᷷஥ߦ⒖ⴕߒ㧘ߘߩലᨐߪႮߩ⒳㘃ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎ߢ↪޿ߚႮߩਛߢߪႮൻ࡝࠴࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧ߇ᦨ߽㜞޿ṁⲢ㍯᷷ᐲߢ⥄⊒⊛⫳᳇῜⊒ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘⫳᳇῜⊒ଦㅴ᧚ߣߒߡ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ
᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚
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Thermal Science & Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (2007)[3] Furuya, M., ³Vapor Explosions in the System of a
Water Droplet Impinging onto a Molten Alloy
Surface,´ Proc. Seminar on Vapor Explosions in
Nuclear Power Safety (1996).
[4] ᄙ⾐⼱ᱜ⟵, ↰᧛੹↵, ³὾౉಄ළ᧚ߩ⎇ⓥ(╙ 6ႎ)ỚෘႮ᳓ṁᶧߩ಄ළ⢻´, ᣣᧄ㊄ዻቇળ⹹ ,B16-2 (1952), 652-655.
[5] ᄙ⾐⼱ᱜ⟵, ↰᧛੹↵, ³὾౉಄ළ᧚ߩ⎇ⓥ(╙ 4ႎ)᳓߅ࠃ߮᳓ࠍਥᚑಽߣߔࠆᶧ૕ߩ಄ළ⢻´,
ᣣᧄ㊄ዻቇળ⹹, B16-2 (1952), 107-111.
[6] Ohnaka, I. et al, ³Production of amorphous filament
by in-rotating-liquid spinning method´,Proc. 4thInternational Conference on Rapidly Quenched
Metals (1981), 31-34.
[7] ᧄ↰ඳม, ઁ 3 ฬ, ³⊕㊄⚦✢ߩᶐẃᕆㅦ಄ළㆊ
⒟ߩવᾲ․ᕈ(Ⴎൻࠞ࡞ࠪ࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߦࠃࠆવᾲଦㅴ)´, ᣣᧄᯏ᪾ቇળ⺰ᢥ㓸 (B ✬ ), 58-554(1992), 3135-3140.
[8] ᧻᧛㇌ੳ, ઁ 2 ฬ, ³㜞᷷࿕૕⃿ߩ಄ළ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ(಄ළ᧚߳ߩႮ㘃ᷝടߩᓇ㗀)´,╙ 40 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸, D143 (2003),
139-140.
[9] Takigahira, Y., Sugiyama, K. and Ishikawa, M.,³Spontaneous vapor explosion of molten materials
in salt solutions´,Proc. 5th International
Conference on Nuclear Engineering, 2307 (1997)
1-5.
[10] Furuya, M. et al., ³Effects of Polymer, Surfactant,
and Salt Additives to a Coolant on the Mitigationand the Severity of Vapor Explosions´,Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 26-2-4(2002), 213-219.

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