IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

KENYA COUNTRY PROFILEJAMES M.GITONGA,MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND PETROLEUM
STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYIEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

LOCATION• Situated on the equator on the East African EastCoast• Between Somalia and Tanzania• Area; , 582,650 sq km• Highest point, Mt Kenya at 5,199 m asl• Estimated Population; 45 million in 2017
• Capital City; Nairobi

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

GENERAL INFORMATION• Life expectancy is 57 and 59 years for men and women respectively• Diverse in ethnic and culture, (42)
• Official languages, Kiswahili and English• Currency is the Kenya ShillingIEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

GOVERNANCE• Kenya is a democracy, general elections every 5 years• Attained independence in 1963 from the British Colonialists• Has 47 County Governments and the National Governments after the enactment of the 2010
Constitution• President is Head of State and Government, with a Deputy President second in command. Current
President, Uhuru Kenyatta

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

ECONOMIC INDICATORS• GDP is at 5.6%
• Growth mostly in the agriculture, mining, tourism, construction, water and electricity supply,information and communication• High rate of population growth , 38 million in 2009, 45 million in 2017, 3% growth rate pa• Most population is found in major Cities; Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru• Unemployment at 40%• Challenges to economy include high public and external debts, occasional droughts, terrorism

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

MANDATE OF COUNTRY’S ENERGY SUB-SECTOR• Enhancing Power generation Capacity, Transmission and Distribution• Enhancing Regional Trade by interconnecting regional networks• Increase access to reliable, clean and affordable energy to Kenyans• Promotion of Renewable energy• Use of new technology in power generation, among others

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK• Ministry of Energy and Petroleum; In charge of making and articulating energy policies to create anenabling environment for efficient operation and growth of the sub-sector. It sets strategic direction for
the growth of the sector and provides long term vision for all sector players• Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC); Regulates the energy sector by setting energy tariff andoversight, coordination of the development of Indicative Energy Plans and monitoring andenforcement of sector regulations• The Energy Tribunal; Is an independent legal entity which was set up to arbitrate disputes in theenergy sector• Rural Electrification Authority (REA); Established in 2007 with a mandate to accelerate Rural
Electrification Programme• The Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen); Is the main player in Electricity generation witha Government shareholding of 70% and private 30%. Is a listed Company at the NSE. Account for 77%of installed capacity, from hydropower, geothermal, thermal and wind.
• The Kenya Power Company (KPC); Buys power from the power generators on basis of negotiated PPAs
for onward transmission, distribution and supply to customers. Is governed by the State Corporations
Act and is listed at the NSE. Ownership 50.1% by NSSF and GoK and 49.9% private shareholding.
Transmission system; 220kV, 132kV and 66kV.

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Cont…
• Geothermal Development Company (GDC); Is a fully Government SPV intended to undertake
surface exploration of geothermal fields, undertake exploratory appraisal and production drillingand manage proven steam fields as well as enter into SSAs with investors in the power sector• Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO); Is 100% Government owned State
Corporation incorporated in 2008 with a mandate to plan, design, construct, own, operate andmaintain new high voltage (132KV and above) electricity transmission Infrastructure which forms
backbone of National Transmission Grid and regional interconnections.
• Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB); Tasked with defining, coordinating and implementing
Kenya’s nuclear power programmes which include development of a comprehensive legal andregulatory framework for nuclear energy use, evaluation of technical requirements for theprogramme and advocacy for nuclear use in Kenya• Independent Power Producers (IPPs); Private companies involved in power generation ordevelopment of renewable energy sources under the Feed- in –Tariff policy. Currently include; OrPower, Mumias Sugar Company, Imenti

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

OIL INDUSTRY• Kenya Petroleum Oil Refineries Limited (KPRL); Refinery work for oil products• Kenya Pipeline (KPC); 100% State owned Corporation established in 1973 under the Companies
Act Cap 486. To provide, effective, reliable, safe and cost effective means of transporting
petroleum products from Mombasa to the hinterland• National Oil Corporation (NOCK); Is 100% State owned Corporation established in 1981 andbecame operational in 1984. Its mandate was to oversee oil exploration, importation and sale ofoil products in the market in order to ensure market stability

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

ENERGY RESERVES• Energy reserves include; Petroleum, natural gas, coal, uranium, geothermal as well as renewablesources such as wind, solar and biomass

Type of Energy

Hydro
Geothermal
Thermal (MSD)
Temporary Thermal -grid
Thermal (GT)Wind
Biomass
Interconnected System
Off grid thermal
Off grid wind
Off grid solar
Imports
Total Capacity MW

Mar 2013
Installed MW
816.2
251.4
466
120.01
60.0
5.1
26
1,745
22.1
0.55
0.22
0.00
1,7681:

Effective MW
766.9
244.9
447.5
120.0
27.0
5.1
22
1,633
18.7
0.20
0.50
0.00
1,652

April 2017
Installed MW
823.73652.00716.32
0.00
60.00
25.50
28.00
2,306
26.33
0.55
0.64
0.00
2,3332

Effective MW
797.52644.00690.12
0.00
55.00
25.50
23.50
2,236
17.87
0.02
0.51
0
2,254% (effective)
35.4
28.6
30.6
0.0
2.4
1.1
1.0
99.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

PETROLEUM• Exploration for Petroleum being undertaken in the Country’s four exploration blocks, Anza,Mandera, Lamu and the Rift Basins• Estimated oil potential ; British Tullow 750 million barrels, on shore recoverable so far worth U$39million (KSh4.043Trillion), but expected to increase to 1 Billion barrels by Commercial oil
discovered in Lokichar in Turkana County, recovery started , 40,000 barrels, EOPS
• Gas discovered in Lamu in 2012 but found not to be commercially viable• Exploration for oil and gas ongoing in Turkana and other areas by Tullow and other Companies

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

COAL• Commercial deposits of coal discovered in Mui Basin of Kitui County• Area under exploration, 500 sq km, 2009-2012• 450 million metric tons in Block C• Lignite to sub-bituminous, ash content 7- 42%, sulfur 0.5-4.2%,
calorific value ranging from 16 to 27 MJ/Kg, volatiles 30% , SG 1.28gm/cm3• The 4 exploration blocks concessioned for development; Fenxi, C and D, Liketh, A and B• Currently, commercial coal is imported

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

OTHER POTENTIAL AREAS• Sedimentary Basins in Kwale, Kilifi, Tana River, Garissa, Isiolo, Samburu and Turkana Counties• Basins to the South of Kitui• Exploratory Drilling work for coal and CBM currently on going in Kwale

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

GEOTHERMAL• More than 14 high temperature potential sites in the Rift Valley• Estimated potential of more than 10,000MWe from Geothermal• Other potential high temperature areas include, Homa Hills in Nyanza, Mwananyamala at theCoast and the Nyambene ranges• Uses of geothermal power in Kenya include, power generation, dairy industry, refrigeration andspace and water heating• Current generation from geothermal; 650 MW at Olkaria Power Plants• Expansion ongoing in Olkaria and Menengai• Surface exploration for geothermal energy complete in; Naivasha east, Suswa, Baringo and Silali

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

HYDROPOWER• Hydropower power potential from large hydros is estimated at 6,000MW• Hydropower power potential from small, mini, micro and pico hydros is estimated at 3,000MW• There are five water towers in Kenya, namely; Mt. Kenya, Abadare Ranges, Mau Complex,
Chelangani Hills and Mt Elgon• Most Power generation is along the Tana, Seven Folks; Kamburu, Kindaruma, Kiambere, Masinga• Installed capacity from hydropower generation is 821MW• Equivalent to 38% of installed capacity• Hydropower plants upgrade continuous

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017BIOMASS• Minimum tree cover requirement of 10% not achieved due to over reliance in biomass as aprimary source of energy• Wood fuels account to about 69% of primary energy consumption; 55% of this is derived fromfarmland woody biomass, crop residue and animal waste and 45% from forests

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

CURRENT ENERGY POLICY AND MEASURES• All laws, bylaws, regulations and sessional papers edited in order to comply with the 2010 NewConstitution• New Policy frame work was worked out after audit of Sessional Paper number 4 of 2004, Energy
Act 2006 and other Sector laws and bylaws• All energy sector stakeholders involved in formulation of the Energy Policy• National Energy Sector validation workshop took place on 14th March, 2014
• Objective of the policy; Utilize energy as a tool for economic empowerment, improve access toquality, reliable, affordable energy services, provide conducive environment for provision ofenergy services, promote development of primary and secondary energy sources, promoteenergy efficiency, promote local technology in energy, ensure social, health and safety factors
and foster international cooperation in energy matters• Development of the Governments MTPIII, 2018-2022

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

DEVELOPMENT OF POTETIAL ENERGY RESERVES• Wind resource assessment being undertaken, wind speed of 4 to 14 m/s available, windmasts and data loggers across the country• Turkana Wind Project• Development of more geothermal areas by KenGen and IPPs, GDC• Encourage development of small hydros, mini hydros which are estimated to have apotential of 3,000MW• Bio-energy production to provide clean energy, estimate of 200MW in short term and1,200MW in the long term.
• Government encouraging Feed-In-Tariff, where KPC is required to enter into PPAs of 20years with IPPs to purchase power at a pre-determined price. This encourages moreproduction as the investors are more secured

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

ENERGY PRICES• Energy prices are regulated by the Energy Regulatory Commission• The Commission has an oversight, coordination on energy plans and monitors and enforces
sector’s regulations• Major component in energy prices come from; energy from suppliers, transmission anddistribution costs, maintenance costs and general operational costs• Drought situations push the prices of energy up due to shortage of water in the hydros and hence
turning to thermal generation which are more costly• Importation of crude oil is more expensive• Unfavourable exchange rate/ foreign currency

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

MEASURES BEING UNDERTAKEN TO CONTROL HIGH ENERGY PRICES• Tax and other concessions planned to encourage investment in oil, gas, coal, geothermal, wind,solar, biomass and hydroelectric• Proper energy mix• Exploitation of Geothermal, wind and solar energy sources have helped lay off rented thermalenergy sources which are more expensive• Encourage more power generation from solar, geothermal, and wind on an Feed-In-Tariffarrangement

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

OUTLOOK ON ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY, 2020 AND BEYOND and RELATEDINVESTMENTS• Kenya plans to increase electricity power generation from the current 2,333MW to 3,400MW in
the next 5 years, and 6,000MW in the next 10 years• Generation to come from geothermal, natural gas, wind and coal
• Country plans to stop using rental power from IPPs, which is expensive• Petroleum development from Turkana, pipeline• More exploration work on Petroleum and Gas• Coal fired Power plant (1,050MW) to be constructed in Lamu in the next one year
• Coal development in Mui Basin, 960 MW• LAPSSET and SGR Projects to consume generated power• Expansion of the mining and industrial sector and industrial parks

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

MAJOR DIFFICULTIES AND BOTTLENECKS CURRENTLY FACED IN FORMULATING
ENERGY POLICIES IN KENYA• Lack of adequate resources• Stakeholders participation difficult, revenue sharing between National Government and LocalCommunities• Partnership with International Community• Lack of enforcement of laws and regulations in place• Lack of awareness at grass root level• Inadequate strategy for stakeholders engagement

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

SUBJECTS OF GREAT INTEREST IN JAPAN• Energy Policy in Japan; Learn how the policy frame work in Japan is able to drive the economic
development of the country• Renewable energy; Utilization of renewable energy reserves in Japan as a case study and makecomparison with Kenya• Energy data base construction; Formulation of a balanced utilization of different sources ofenergy for National Development

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017END OF THE BRIEF PRESENTATIONTHANK YOU

Contact :report@tky.ieej.or.jp