111TH INTERNATIONALSEMINAR
VISITING
EXPERTS’
PAPERSVISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS

THE ROLE OF POLICE, PROSECUTION & JUDICIARY
IN THE CHANGING SOCIETY
M. Enamul Huq*
I. INTRODUCTION
Half a century ago, there was nosystematic, objective information available
on crime and criminal justice policies. Overthe years, the relevant institutes of social
defence in various countries havesponsored research that spurred an
evolution of understanding of crime and its
impact. Today, we recognise that the costof crime is far greater, its effects on victims
more traumatic and its corrosion more
widely spread throughout our society than
we realised, even three decades ago.
Insights provided by research have set inmotion a rethinking of how we view crimeand criminal offenders.
The United Nations Asia and Far East
Institute for the Prevention of Crime andthe Treatment of Offenders is a recently
forged link in a chain of inter-governmental
agencies concerned with the prevention ofcrime and the treatment of offenders:“ Setting aside the great need for more
knowledge of the human causes ofcrime, and their treatment outside thepenal system, one must perhaps place
foremost the need to cut off persistentcriminality at the source, first by theperfection of methods (alreadyadvanced in many countries) for therational and human treatment of young
offenders, then by the development ofmethods of treatment for early
offenders which will avoid the necessityof imprisonment”.
* President ACPF, Bangladesh, Ex- Inspector
General of Police, Bangladesh.

In the above context, the present theme
is not only quite appropriate but also time
worthy. To quote UN Secretary GeneralThant “a social defense research policy
must necessarily be shaped by continual
research if it is to be dynamic and attuned
to changing needs. There is, for example,
a particular need for evaluatory researchon crime prevention and treatment
programmes, and for devising accurate
indices of the extent and trends of crimeand delinquency.”
The concept of law changes from time totime and consequently, the concept of crimealso undergoes a transformation due to thepassage of time. With the induction of theconcept of social and economic equality inthe realm of human thought, sociologicalideas have undergone a sea change, andthe concept of law and crime have been
victim of this transformation. At the closeof this century, and before the dawn of thenext, the world is becoming more and moreinterdependent - so too is crime.
As Aldous Huxley said “never before
have conditions been so appropriate forhuman beings achievement of happinessas our present times, due to theadvancement of science, technology andother areas. But at the same time, toachieve this desideratum we have toovercome many obstacles, the main being
crime.” Increasing development appears tocreate new opportunities for new forms ofcrime too. Today it is a truism to state that
there is a relationship between crime anddevelopment. For many, crime anddevelopment are so closely interrelated
that there is nothing more logical or

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natural than to look at them in a causative
or at least highly associative manner.
One of the most important factors thatneeds to be emphasised is the moral issue.
Economic growth should go hand-in-handwith stability of the moral standards ofpeople. Thus the issue should be integrated
in the national and economic plan; the root
causes of criminal justice are from crimecausation. The essential factors
responsible for humanity’s false views,
eventually leading people to commit crime,
as studied in Bangladesh, are mainly due
to the following:i) Poverty, Greed, Hatred, Delusion,
Frustration.
ii) Bad Companions, Crime Victim,
Inefficient Institutions.
iii) Vulnerable Places, Drugs, Weapons
or Arms Trafficking.
iv) Polluted Environment, Migrant
Forces, Jobless Educated Vagrants.
v) T r i a d s , R e c i d i v i s t , I l l e g a l
Immigrants, Underground Cadres.
vi) Political Patronage, Armed Goons,
Violence and Terrorism.
vii)Blackmoney, Bootlegging, Economic
Crime Syndicates and Scams.
viii)Political Victimization, Abuse ofPower, Corruption, Nepotism.
ix) External Interference, Smuggling,
Illegal Trafficking of Women andChildren.
II. CURRENT SITUATION,REASONS AND BACKGROUND OF
CRIMEIn the backdrop of the position statedabove, there has been research in social
defence. Some developing countries haveset apart quite a portion of their budgets
for assessing the impact of technologicaldevelopment vis-a-vis moral degradationand the degeneration of the family
structure. Unfortunately in developing

282

countries, especially in this region, notmuch importance has been attached to this
aspect. Fortunately of late, United Nations
agencies, the Asia Crime Prevention
Foundation, UNAFEI Alumni Associationand various NGOs and voluntary agencies
have come forward to give serious thoughtand due consideration to sensitize thisissue. To be specific, Bangladesh stands
as a unique example where the unusual
population boom within comparatively
lesser habitable areas on the one hand, anddire poverty and innumerable joblessvagrants coupled with routine natural
disasters on the other, have posed a serious
threat to moral life. This has not drawn asmuch attention as it deserves from those
who are concerned in perspective planning,objective law enforcement, desirable
judicial process and welfare oriented
rehabilitation of the incumbents. The
result is that today we do not have theauthority of the old guard and their moral
values, who used to lead the family withage old norms and practices. Rather, abject
poverty and avenues for abundance havemade them forgetful of these values,
making them prone to adventure, comforts
and quick riches, irrespective of ethics andhumane feelings.
From experience as a law enforcement
officer over a period of four decades, it has
been noticed generally that crimes havebeen committed comparatively more byrich and poor; whereas the middle class arerather more law abiding and respectful of
conventions and customs. To illucidiatethrough example, addiction to drugs is a
new phenomenon which was not thatprevalent a decade back. Statistics showthat wards of the very well-to-do families,
accompanied by their friends who are
extremely poor, generally use and develop
addiction unhesitatingly. This indicatesthat the “Haves” are associated with the“Have-Nots”, in other words wealth andfrustration, are mingled together to commit

111TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
VISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS
undesirable things without pricking of
their conscience. Probably in both cases,
guardians have not done much to control
their dependents. Curiously enough, theseoffenders who often show muscle power andbrandish illegal weapons, know thatthrough undue influence they will mostly
be immune of their misdeeds.
Confluence of legal justice and people’s
justice is the highway to a social justicestate. Where the legislature, executive andthe judiciary are well aware of theirrespective domain’s rights and obligations
to make the rule of law a reality of life andsociety. To keep society from falling apart,the first thing needed is law. And for law
to be operational effectively, in the interestof cohesion of society, we have to have asound system of criminal justiceadministration. Generally the members ofpolice force are supposed to be theprotectors of law. How they enforce it is
the concern of the relevant authorities of
the government. The police are one of themain functionaries for the entire criminal
justice system - which is primarily
composed of code (law), police(constabulary), courts (judiciary) and jail(corrections). The problems of criminal
justice administration demand national
action, where all the component partners
are to duly play their role. Indeed they aresupplementary and complementary to eachother.
There is a feeling amongst a section ofpeople that controlling crime is the sole
responsibility of the police. This
impression stems from the fact that thepolice occupy the front line in the efforts
of a society to protect the life and property
of its citizens. They are the people who
directly confront the criminals and to whom
the public look for personal safety. But itshould be borne in mind that crime is asocial problem and without the help andsupport of the community, the police cannot effectively check crime single handedly.
It must be understood that the police do
not keep public peace alone. Rather, an
unconscious network of voluntary controls
and standards among the people keeps it.
This convention is more effective than thecodes and law, as it is obeyed, not enforced.
Needless to say, we are in the midst ofvery trying times. Growing disrespect for
law and order is reaching intolerable
proportions. With new tension and conflictof power politics, greater responsibility has
been thrust upon the police by this everincreasing menace. We find increasing
public concern over the decline of law ando r d e r, a n d d e f i a n c e o f r u l e s a n dregulations. We also notice the declining
public attitude towards the police and thereluctance of citizens to become involvedin preserving law and order, especially togive evidence in court.
The police administration faces a
dilemma when they are increasingly
saddled with innumerable non-police jobs,
which tell upon the efficacy of the enforcer.
They are overworked, underpaid,
undermined and underestimated.
However, a certain group of people claimthat the police always seem to be aroundwhen they are not wanted, and are often
untraceable when desperately needed.
H o w e v e r, p o l i c e a r e f o u n d a l m o s teverywhere in the world. Even thoughmost parties in power support the policeon their behalf, generally the Opposition
becomes very uncharitable towards them.
The fact remains that because of someblack sheep, excess and polarization, thewhole department is often castigated andtheir image suffers a setback; reverting thegood police to moral harassment andpsychological disappointment, which isanything but desirable.

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III. RESPONSE OF THE CRIMINALJUSTICE SYSTEM
AND PROBLEMS THEREOF
Police, being the main organ ofinvestigation, require not only special skills
for their challenging job, but also public cooperation without which they cannot
unearth clues to progress further bringing
the real culprits to justice. For that, s/heneeds to be a person of integrity and any
sort of corruption is sure to mar the respect
and confidence of citizens (which is
gradually waning, even in the westerncountries). Unless the police force recovers
the ground they have lost already, and dotheir best to establish their credibility, they
will become less effective in their role as
investigators. This is a matter of grave
concern, especially in the crime control
system, as certain civil liberties are
sacrificed in order to secure the successfulprosecution and conviction of the guilty
persons - the investigator is allowed certain
latitude to go astray to collect proof. This
needs to be closely reviewed in the light ofArticle 31 of the Bangladesh Constitution“ To enjoy the protection of law and to betreated in accordance with law”- theinalienable right of every citizen and every
other person within Bangladesh. In
particular, no action detrimental to the life,
liberty, body, reputation or property of any
person shall be taken, except in accordancewith the law.
The modern criminal justice system has
evolved over the centuries to secure therights of criminals, victims and society ingeneral. Let us not forget that criminals
are also human beings and deserve somerights, unless proved guilty of the offence
charged.
As a crime is reported or suspected, it
sets in motion the wheels of the system.
Investigation is started, evidence is284collected; charge-sheets are framed forprosecution or final reports are given for
not having the grounds to prosecute. The
case may be sent to court either for trial or
accepting the final report to close the issue.
Here the police are both the investigatorand also the decision-maker for
prosecution. At the time of prosecution(generally for cases in lower court), court
police, i.e. prosecuting sub-Inspectors, areauthorized. Depending on the gravity of
the case, the Government appoints an
Assistant Public Prosecutor or Public
Prosecutor, in collaboration with theAssistant Superintendent of Police(Prosecution), to work on behalf of thepolice cases, i.e. cases registered at thepolice station, either by the complainantor by the police themselves. In some
exceptional cases, the Government hires apublic lawyer/advocate of repute to conduct
the case on behalf of the State. Similarly,
in the absence of the accused or in case of
pecuniary difficulties, the Government
arranges a lawyer for the defendant so thatno one goes unheard during trial, failingwhich may lead to a miscarriage of justicefor not providing constitutional benefits tothe aggrieved.
Presently, the picture of the criminal
justice system and its administration does
not give a very optimistic impression. The
net result after all the stages are far fromsatisfactory. Here, among many othercounts, there is a growing tendency to go
for separate cadres of prosecutors, insteadof engaging police officers for bothinvestigation and prosecution. Many
speakers, on different occasions, haveremarked that the time has come to doaway with the present system and thattrained prosecutors should be utilized toserve the public interest better, to ensurethat public money and judicial time are notwasted, and that police efforts should not
go in vain. Hence prosecutors should weighthe evidence against the accused, the111TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
VISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS
credibility, motive, character, antecedent,
substance of evidence, reliability of
witnesses and other relevant issues taken
into consideration from a practical point ofview. The Ministry of Law, Justice andParliamentary Affairs is reportedly awareof the situation and some serious thinking
is afoot on this issue.
Under the Code of Criminal Procedure,
it is worth while to mention that cases arebroadly categorized into cognizable andnon-cognizable; with their classification
effecting arrest, bail, compoundability,
courts for trial, procedure of trial incomplaint cases on First Information
Reports or through cases registereddirectly at court. Foundation of the case isbuilt during investigation, while theprosecution nurtures it thereafter; how thetrial is to be conducted is the jurisdictionof the court. To get a fair and speedy trial
is a fundamental right guaranteed in theConstitution, Article 35, protection in
respect of trial and punishment; Article 33,
safeguard’s as to arrest and detention; andArticle 31. The question of fair trial
presupposes fair investigation and fair
prosecution, and providing scope for the
defense of the accused under legal
dispensation.
In our criminal jurisprudence, a person
accused of an offence shall be presumed to
be innocent so long as he or she is notproved guilty by legal evidence beyond all
reasonable doubt. The doctrine ofreasonable doubt plays a vital role in ourlegal system as a safeguard againstconviction of the innocent. Here though, it
is expected that no crime should go
unpunished - the law zealously guards thecivil liberties of its citizenry. It insists thatthe prosecution, in order to secureconviction of an accused, must present
acceptable evidence. A judge will exclude
from consideration a piece of evidence
which has been improperly obtained or

received. In this context, it is worth
mentioning that statements made before
the police under section 161 Cr.PC are notacceptable, while those made before amagistrate under section 164 Cr.PC areadmissible in trial. This of course questions
the efficacy of the investigative agencies
performance, which deserves thoroughreconsideration.
A special mention needs be made herethat for the purpose of protecting social
order and peace, by preventing prejudicial
activities against the State, the Special
Powers Act 1974 was enacted. There aremany arguments for and against this Act,
which curtails the fundamental rights ofthe citizen. Instances are not rare when
the Government has sometimes used theprovision of the law arbitrarily - thoughsubsequently certain modifications havebeen made. Meanwhile, the Supreme
Court took a commendable stand incheckmating arbitrary arrest anddetention by granting anticipatory bail anddirecting the release of some detainees
forthwith. However people’s demand for
repeal of the law remains as before.
‘Justice delayed is justice denied’ is anoften repeated proverb. Again during
martial law, another phrase was commonly
used, ‘Justice hurried is justice buried’. The
whole drama of criminal proceedings ends
with the verdict of the court, in which thepolice/investigator, the witness, theprosecutor and the judge/magistrate playtheir respective role. The judge is thekeeper of the conscience of society, andprosecutors and defence lawyers are there
to help them to come to the correct decision
through an intricate battle of wits to thrashout the evidence and establish the truth(which may not necessarily be the wholetruth). However in passing sentence, thecourt must have regard to the nature of theoffence(s), status of accused and overallends of justice. The crux of fair justice lies

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in fair investigation, fair conduct of trial
by prosecution and defence, proper
application of law and impartial decisionin the delivery of judgement.
But certain basic difficulties are realhindrances, like inadequate manpower forinvestigation. Police who are mostly busy
with protocol duties, lack the modern
equipment to help solve crimes. Public
apathy to law enforcement, parochial
appointment of public prosecutors, backlogs of cases (both in lower and higher
courts), non-supervision of court
proceedings, unnecessary adjournment,
willful absence of the witnesses are
significant impediments. Similarly, theunusual delay in getting reports from thelone chemical laboratory for the wholecountry, magistrate’s other commitments,
court logistics, inherent deficiencies in law
and rules made during colonial regimes,
fraudulent practice in the arena of judicial
process, insufficient budget provisions andabove all, the vested interests of the party
in power and the opposition too need to be
overcome.
IV. COUNTERMEASURES TO
IMPROVE AND ENHANCEREMEDIAL ASPECTS OF THE
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
These days, economic crimes like bribery
and corruption are increasing at a fast rate,
being organized, deep-rooted andsystematized. In some cases, the practices
go far beyond national geographic limits.
With the expansion of foreign aid andinvestment, these groups are intent on
reaping the harvest themselves. It isneedless to say that instead of sustainablegrowth and development for the vulnerable
segments, the rich are becoming richer andthe vast majority are often deprived of thebenefits of the so-called ‘Pro-poor Agenda’.
A disproportionate burden of the misery ofpoverty falls upon women and children. As

286

a corollary, there have been innumerable
instances of illegal trafficking of womenand children across the border.
The Constitution has an explicit “social
equity” clause under Article 19 (2).
Practically, one of the difficult problems isthe very real gap between formal legal
equality between citizens, and the real
inequality in their actual conditions. Thus
UNDP in their report states that “absenceof an accountable system of democracy andgood governance” is a “major cause ofpoverty”. They also identified law andorder as one of the priorities under good
governance. Equal protection of law needs
reasonable opportunities to access thecourse of law. Otherwise justice remains amyth. “ justice is always advantageous to
the rich” is equally applicable here. Major
imbalances in progress often causes conflictamong people and thereby increase
unhappiness in the environment.
The study also noted that one of thefundamental problems was the dissonancebetween laws and their implementation.
Good laws remain rarely implemented.
Fundamental rights guaranteed by theConstitution and internationally adopted
human rights legislation are also hardlytranslated into reality. All such covenants
to which the country is a signatory must
be implemented so that society does not fall
into the grip of terrorists and political goons
who commit violence anywhere they like.
There has been growing awarenessamongst the public for improvement of the
judicial process and prevention of the cycleof crime. A good many steps are in handby government authorities for this purpose.
To highlight some of these, the following
are worth mentioning. The Ministry ofHome Affairs has given serious thought toinduct women police officers more actively
in investigations for better detection ofcases, especially in handling women

111TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
VISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS
accused of crimes.
As police personnel are mostly busy with
non-police jobs, the question of
investigating police, who will concentrateon criminal cases only is being considered.
The Ministry of Local Government has
passed a bill for setting up Village Courts
in rural areas and an Arbitration Council
in municipal areas to dispose of petty cases,
outside the formal courts. Besides this, theFamily Court has also been set up to settle
disparities between husband and wife,
which also reduces the workload in police
stations and courts.
The Local Government Institutebuilding has been geared up to strengthen
law and judicial aspects too. The Ministryof Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs
has set up a Law Commission and Judicial
Training Institute to update laws and toenlighten judicial officers with new laws
and conventions. Steps are being taken toincrease the number of chemicallaboratories, juvenile remand homes,
Courts for Violence Against Women andseparate courts for metropolitan areas.
The Criminal Law Amendment Bill has
been authorising District Judges to hearappeals for civil cases, which may lessen
the burden of the High Court Division.
Besides, new courts are being set up for
metropolitan cities to dispose of cases only
within the metropolitan jurisdiction.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has
recently been more active in persuading
regional neighbours to exchangedelinquents, and information thereof, forfacilitating the dispensation of justice.
Moreover, the border conflicts and issues
relating to illegal trafficking of women andchildren, especially unauthorized entry ofsusceptible citizens and arms dealers, arebeing taken care of.

The Government appreciates theendeavors of NGOs working in the relevant
fields to make the concerned agencies moresensitized to vulnerable issues.
Consequently, awareness creation andcapacity building is progressing more than
before to work hand-in-hand for a crime
free society.
V. EFFECTIVE GENERALPREVENTIVE MEASURES TO BE
IMPLEMENTED THROUGH BOTH
THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
AND MORAL ENLIGHTENMENT
There are many value systems in thechanging world. Sometimes we think of
our obligation to care for the old andprovide them with social security as usefulwork. As senior citizens, they do deserve
special consideration and hence care for the
aging, elderly, infirm and handicapped
needs to be ensured. All possible modes ofco-operation between government and nongovernment organisations are explored toprovide timely services in these fields.
These days, we cannot ignore women (48%of total population).
Gendermainstreaming for national growth is amust, and more so when we have theunique position of women at the top of boththe party in power and the main opposition.
Simple slogans will not do, there must be
mental change in attitudes, to treat themwell. To cite an example, the incidents ofrape and immoral trafficking is very muchon the increase. Law is there, but perhaps
a special task force is needed to ensure thatthese laws are implemented well and thecivil society, i.e. community as a whole andthe media in particular, can do a lot toattain the goal of ‘security and freedom’.
This will help ensure the function of thelegal frameworks, sound institutionalarrangements, and capacity building for
implementation of desirable aspirations forvulnerable groups.

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The increasing mobility of the
population, the growing communications
and financial links among different
countries of the developing and developed
world, and internationalization, havecaused significant change in criminality.
For such transnational criminal activities,
all concerned agencies could put theirheads together. Lack of extradition treaties
amongst various countries have posedserious problems. If it is not possible to go
for formal treaties, at least some sort ofmutual understanding among theinternational, regional and sub-regional
areas, and cooperation through bilateraland multilateral schemes, could lead to thisultimate goal. To cite an example,
Bangladesh and Thailand have already
implemented an extradition treaty, andthere is already some sort of agreementwith Myanmar and Iran, particularly for
drug-related offenders. Questions ofrepatriation of the accused in heinous cases
is being studied and pursued vigorouslywith other countries, which may auger wellin due course.
In the light of the above, volunteer
organizations can come forward to help
each other in containing the increased
phenomenon of multi-national criminal
incidence, through motivating theirrespective governments andrepresentatives of parliament, besides the
persons actually responsible at the policy
level.
In the context of present day law
enforcement and judicial process, themajority of taxpayers do want change.
Familiar practices are disappearing and intheir place unprecedented, productive andefficient client-oriented services havebecome the need of the hour. Today, thesecurity industry is growing tremendously
fast. Many of them are actively engaged
in law enforcement responsibilities as analternate force, especially in the private

288

sector (e.g. industrial projects,
multinational organizations even in theprotection of the VIP/CIP of these
domains). Naturally, they need to beconversant with procedure and training toenlist the co-operation of public law
enforcement services, and theirrelationship should be aimed at novel social
conditions to provide maximum support tobenefactors.
The important aspect of retribution andpunishment deserves to be reconsidered.
Offenders are punished because it isunavoidable, and to eradicate evils from thesociety. Instead of ‘jail’, many countries (asin Japan) call them ‘correctional institutes’; making the inmates repentant so thatthey can join their family and contributeas normal citizens. Perhaps the phrase“hate the sin - not the sinner” needs to bereminded, so that the social stigma is notmade permanent to the inmates of prison,
lest they become recidivists and make thesituation worse.
With that end in view, the significanceof prison administration could be anecessary and healthy adjunct of crime
prevention and the treatment of offenders.
The concept of prison administration as an
institutional device for corrections andrehabilitation is gaining ground anddeserves more serious and immediate
attention from the legislature, executive
and judicial policy makers, and social
thinkers and experts thereof.

VI. CLOSING WORDS
Like most social sciences, criminology
uses knowledge and methods from many
fields, such as law, sociology, psychology,
medicine and statistics. This implies that
research on criminological problems cantake place at universities, as well as
government or non-government

111TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
VISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS
organisations and voluntary agencies. But
one thing must be kept in mind, like
medical patients, prevention is better thancure; this is particularly applicable todeviants of law, juvenile delinquents, drug
addicts or adventurers in the criminal
arena. For that, the dissemination ofknowledge though institutes like
INTERPOL is preferred. The UNO, within
its umbrella of functions, could look into
how effectively it could cooperate with aparticular country and its technical support
system.
A well coordinated system of technicalassistance needs to be evolved under the
auspices of the UN to help detect crime andensure follow-up action for bringing the
culprits to justice, for the greater good of
the nations. UNAFEI is acting as aclearing house for such methodologies andtraining in the Asian and Pacific regions,actively co-operating with the governmentof Japan and indirectly through the Asia
Crime Prevention Foundation and otherinstitutions. The community as a wholemust also be acting as a responsible
citizenry, to come forward with action
programs against all social evils.

the whole international system collapses.
This is what has been happening. In thissituation the only effective protection we
have is the will and determination ofordinary people to bring back sanity. In
this task, each profession and eachdiscipline, especially police, prosecution,
judiciary and corrections, will have to
become more involved in the process of
securing a return to the rule of law and to
the development of a greater sense of
responsibility and political commitment on
the part of the rulers and the people
themselves.
Thus in the changing society of today,
and in the future perspective, to break thecycle of crime, it is incumbent on thepeacemakers of nations to join hands withthe citizens they serve, employing their
combined strength and dedication to makepositive changes in the quality of life in ourcommunities. That needs total cooperation of all concerned in general, andp o l i t i c i a n ’s s i n c e r e a n d s e r i o u scommitment in particular, to enable theresearchers and enforcers to meet
expectations to face the challenge of the
new millenium- which is only less than ayear away.

At this critical juncture of history, weneed to get back our confidence in theessential rightness of our wisdom, toreassure ourselves that we have thecapacity to bring our material andintellectual resources to bear on finding
solutions in confronting crime. The organsof criminal justice administration shouldbe left to do their job professionally, so thatthey are made more transparent,
accountable and efficient throughmonitoring by the watchdog public (i.e.
taxpayers).
Democracy can not work unless the ruleof law is itself objectively and impartiallyobserved. If the government does notthemselves observe the rule of law, then289

RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 55
ANNEXURE I
INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION OF CASES (TO JUNE 1998)
Total
Cases
54704

Charge
Sheet
22846

Percentage
73.45%

Final Percentage
Report8260
26.55%

Pending

AccusedArrested

23598

15080945692

ANNEXURE IIINVESTIGATION, PROSECUTION AND TRIAL OF CASES (1997 & 1998)
Total
1997
1998

290

10261
93310

Charge
Sheet
67009
63744

%
71.68%
70.15%

Final
Report
26478
27118

%
28.32%
29.85%

Pending Conviction Acquittal%%
8674
20.05% 79.95%
2948
19.96% 80.04%

Pending
Trial
60791
49472