IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

JICA Knowledge Co-Creation Program (Group & Region Focus)
Energy Policy (A) & (B) JFY2017
Country Report

Cabo Verde
Presented by : Rito Évora

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Content
1. General Information;
2. Energy Reserves;
3. Current Energy Policy and Measures;
4. Past Energy Demand and Supply;
5. Outlook of Energy Demand and Supply (2020, 2030)
6. Energy Related Investment;
7. Major Difficulties and Bottlenecks in Formulating
Energy Policies;
8. Subjects of Interest.

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Cabo Verde Country Profile

Location : West Africa ≈450 Km form West Africa
Land Surface Area: 4.033Km2
Exclusive Economic Zone: ≈ 700.000 km2
National language – Creole
Official language – Portuguese
Country Capital – Praia
Currency – Escudos with a fixed peg to the Euro

Cabo Verde was discovered in 1460
and was under Portuguese colonial
rule until 1975, when it achieved its
independence on 5 July. In January1991 was institutionalized the multiparty system. Currently Cabo Verde
has a stable semi-parliamentary
regime, enjoying peace, social andpolitical stability.

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Demography

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

GDPEstimastes IMF

200,0

12,0%

180,0

10,4%

160,0

140,0
120,0134,7 135,9 138,6147,9 150,4153,7 156,4 159,4

164,7

172,8
10,0%

8,0%

122,0
6,8%

100,0

6,0%

80,0
60,0

3,3%

40,0

2,0%

20,0

1,6%

2,2%

4,9%
4,0%

1,7% 1,9%

2,0%

0,9%

-0,0%
2 007 2 008 2 009 2 010 2 011 2 012 2 013 2 014 2 015 2 016 2 017

Nominal GDP (Billions ECV)
Sources: INE and IMF% GDP Growth

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Energy Reserves

No known fossil energy reserves but
strong wind, solar and other renewableenergy potential.

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Current energy policy and measures• The long-term strategy is to accomplish the transition to an energy sector
that is secure, efficient, sustainable, without reliance on fossil fuels andcapable of providing universal access and energy security.
• Cabo Verde is firmly committed to a global low-carbon transformation,
which decouples economic growth from emissions, provides for thesustainable use of natural resources, and has laid the relevant groundwork
to achieve energy independence relaying on renewable sources and energy
efficiency.
• The GoCV has made significant progress towards achieving energy accessgoals and increasing the use of RE in the electricity mix in the recent years.
However, the country is still highly dependent on the use of imported fossil
fuels and thus oil price volatility and transportation costs have an impact on
its economy. The insularity character of the country also contributes to thecomplexity of the problem.

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Demand and supply

Total Energy Consumption (Toe)
400 000
350 000
300 000

372.283 Toe in 2016

250 000Re-export

200 000

Internal Consumption

150 000
100 000
50 0000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Internal Energy Consumption (Toe)90 00080 00070 00060 00050 00040 00030 000
20 000
10 0000
LPG
2007

Kerosene Gasoline
2008

20092010

Gasoil2011

Fuel

JET A1WindSolar

2012

2013

2014

2015

Wood
2016

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Re-export (Toe)
180 000
160 000

140 000
120 000
100 000
80 00060 00040 000
20 0000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
GasoilFuel

JET A1Total

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

500 000
450 000

Electric Power Suply (MWh)400 000
350 000
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000

100 000
50 000-2 007 2 008 2 009 2 010 2 011 2 012 2 013 2 014 2 015 2 016
Diesel 275 55 293 51 303 16 328 80 315 90 299 05 307 41 304 23 335 17 360 73
Wind 6 869 5 510 4 661 1 992 15 605 64 495 75 824 80 183 78 820 76 932
Solar
2 105 8 956 7 464 7 253 6 647 6 214 5 637

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Power Supply in 2016

Generation(MWh)ElectraAEB
APP
Cabéolica
Electric WindTotal

Comb. F. Eólico
Solar PV Total
320 572
5 595 326 166
24 511
24 51115 654
4215 696
75 48675 4861 446
1 446
360 737 76 932
5 637 443 305
81,37% 17,35% 1,27%

Total 2016 - 443 305 MWhCabéolica
17%

Electric Wind
0%

APP
4%

AEB
5%

Existing capacity (MW)
Gasoleo Fuel 180 Fuel 380 Eólico Solar PV Total
Electra
27,34
80,13
18,44
6,75
132,66
AEB
8,60
3,0
11,60
APP
2,41
3,80,036
6,25
Cabéolica
25,525,50
Electric Wind
0,50,50
Total
38,4
86,9
18,4
26,0
6,8 176,51
22%
49%
10%
15%
4%

Electra74%+ 1 GWh produced byDistributed Generators

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Power Supply in 2016(cont.)
Factor de Capacidade (%)
DieselEólicoSolar PVElectra
29,1%
9,5%
AEB
24,1%
APP
28,8%
13,4%
Cabéolica
33,8%Electric Wind
33,0%
Total
28,7%
33,8%
9,5%
Produção Cabéólica
Potencia Instalada

S.Vicente
5,95

Sal
7,65

Boavista2,55Santiago
9,35

Total
25,50

Produção Decl. Cabe.
Fator de Capacidade

18 24617 213
35,0%
25,7%

7 878
35,3%

32 02039,1%75 35833,7%Disponivel Decl. Cab.*
Fator de Capacidade

28 98732 20855,6%48,1%

10 17445,5%33 83441,3%105 202
47,1%* Estes dados exigem uma analise de validaçãoIEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Electric Power Consumption & Losses (MWh)
500 000

450 000
400 000
350 000

94 035300 000
250 000

65 97675 99876 001

112 145
94 401
92 268105 545

83 26987 612

LossesInternal Consumpt.
Desal& bom.

LV-E

200 000MV

150 000

Public lighting
LV-N

100 000
50 0002 007 2 008 2 009 2 010 2 011 2 012 2 013 2 014 2 015 2 016

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Energy consumption 2016 (MWh)Losses
25%
LV-N
LV-E

Public lighting
Desal& bom.

LV-N
31%

MV
Internal Consumpt.

Internal
Consumpt.
3%
Desal&bom.
9%

Brava
Maio
S.Nicola
u
Fogo

LV-E
7%

MV
22%

Publiclighting
3%

S.Antão
Boavista
SalS.
VicenteSantiago-50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

Gasoline (Euro/L)
Kerosene (Euro/L)
Gasoil R. (Euro/L)
Gasoil El. (Euro/L)
Gasoil Ma. (Euro/L)
Fuel 180 Cst (Euro/Kg)
Fuel 380 Cst (Euro/Kg)
LPG (Euro/Kg)

23/mar/17

23/jan/17

23/nov/16

23/set/16

23/jul/16

23/mai/16

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23/nov/15

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23/mar/15

23/jan/15

23/nov/14

23/set/14

23/jul/14

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23/mar/14

23/jan/14

23/nov/13

23/set/13

23/jul/13

23/mai/13

23/mar/13

23/jan/13

23/nov/12

23/set/12

23/jul/12

23/mai/12

23/mar/12

23/jan/12

23/nov/11

23/set/11

23/jul/11

23/mai/11

23/mar/11

23/jan/11

23/nov/10

23/set/10

23/jul/10

23/mai/10

23/mar/10

23/jan/10

23/nov/09

23/set/09

23/jul/09

23/mai/09

23/mar/09

23/jan/09

23/nov/08

23/set/08

23/jul/08

23/mai/08

23/mar/08

23/jan/08

23/nov/07

Energy Prices

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Regulated retail fuel prices

2,00

1,80

1,60

1,40

1,20

1,00

0,80

0,60

0,40

0,20

-LV 1º
LV 2º
IPLVEMV
Dessal.

01/06/2017

01/03/2017

01/12/2016

01/09/2016

01/06/2016

01/03/2016

01/12/2015

01/09/2015

01/06/2015

01/03/2015

01/12/2014

01/09/2014

01/06/2014

01/03/2014

01/12/2013

01/09/2013

01/06/2013

01/03/2013

01/12/2012

01/09/2012

01/06/2012

01/03/2012

01/12/2011

01/09/2011

01/06/2011

01/03/2011

01/12/2010

01/09/2010

01/06/2010

01/03/2010

01/12/2009

01/09/2009

01/06/2009

01/03/2009

01/12/2008

01/09/2008

01/06/2008

01/03/2008

01/12/2007

01/09/2007

01/06/2007

01/03/2007

01/12/2006

01/09/2006

01/06/2006

Energy Prices

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Electricity Tariff (Euro/kWh)

0,40

0,35

0,30

0,25

0,200,150,100,05-IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Outlook 2020

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Energy Related projects
••

•
•
•

Reinforcement of conventional power production
capacities in some Island
Electricity Master Plan Horizon 2040 (TAF – EU);
Blue print for Isolated Micro -grids (Luxdev)•SCADA/EMS/DMS (JICA)
Road Map for Smart GridDevelopment (Luxdev)••••••Unbundling of theelectricity sector(MEE/WB)
Modernization of theelectricity tariffstructure (BM),Procedures and tender
doc. For renewable
IPP bids (GIZ)
Toolbox for renewableenergy tariff design in
ECOWAS (GIZ –EU)

•Appliances & Building Energy
Efficiency Project (PNUD)
Operationalizing the Frameworkfor Distributed Generation ofRenewable Energy in Cabo Verde(GIZ, BM);
Promotion of Thermal Solar for
Water heating (AECID)
Smart Meters and Revenue
Protection Program for Electra

Development of a Grid Code for the Power
Sector of Cabo Verde (GIZ)
Reinforcement of T&D grids in 6 Islands (JICA)
Source: Irena 2016 report

20 MW PSP for Santiago
Island (TAF -UE)IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Major difficulties and bottlenecks
In the short term, it will need to address the following key challenges:• strengthen the institutional structure and seek additional human andfunding sources for the central energy policy formulation, planning andregulatory functions;• Improve the National Energy Information System;• Define the basket of incentives to increase private sector interest on RE.
• Policy, incentive schemes and tariffs should be designed with the idea that IPPs andDG systems will play an increasing role (having in mind that tariffs should remain
affordable to households and businesses).
• Offer a fairer net-billing scheme to self-generators in order to promote system-wideefficiency;• Work on reducing commercial and technical losses;

IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Subjects to study in the order of priority• Forecasting the evolution of consumption and peak, on a short/medium‐term period.
• Assess how to act with major consumers, in terms of tariffs and shift of consumption patterns, in order to linearize the load diagrams;• Cost and benefit analysis of lowering the technical minimums of thermalgroups to increase the spinning reserve.
• Integration of storage technologies in the planning process.
• Security of Supply (e.g. System reliability criteria: Largest generation unit
loss / Operational Planning with reserve margin, probabilistic analysis LOLE, N-2/N-1,• Fuel supply security – degree of dependency and diversity of primaryenergy supply)IEEJ：July 2017 © IEEJ2017

Thank you!
Rito Évora
rito.evora@mee.gov.cv
ritoevora@gmail.com

Contact :report@tky.ieej.or.jp