putting the

steel
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growth
Products Specifications:Continuous Casting Prime Steel Billets
Product Range:
120 mm x 120 mm x 12 m
130 mm x 130 mm x 12 m
140 mm x 140 mm x 12 m
150 mm x 150 mm x 12 m
Hot Rolled Steel Bars
Product Specifications:MS 146 : 2014 and BS 4449 : 2005
and ASNZ 4671 : 2001
Product Range:
High tensile deformed bar 10, 12, 16,
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U.K
Top 75 brandWisma Masteel, 29C, Off Jalan Tandang, Section 51, 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
2

Tel : 603 7781 1611 Fax : 603 7781 5612
Email : mswkl@masteel.com.my

CEO
FOREWORD
Malaysia’s
economycontinues to demonstrate
a strong growth of 5.9%
for 2017 and is expected to record 5.0%
increase for this year. However, thecountry’s apparent steel consumption(ASC) registered at 9.44mil MT, lower
by 8% recording a number that is below
the 10 million tons mark for the firsttime since 2013. The consumption trend
seems to support the long productsahead of the flat products by as much
as 7%. In perspective, we imported 6.70
mil MT and only exported 1.38 mil MT
worth of iron & steel (I&S) products, a
net deficit of 5.32 mil MT. Almost 70%
of our imported products consist of hot
and cold rolled sheets, pipes, wire rods,
and sections. As much as 81% of ourimports came from 5 sources namely
China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and
ASEAN 5. In terms of export, half ofthem went to ASEAN 5, South Korea
and EU 25.
Malaysia may not be rich in natural
resources required in this industry ascompared to Russia, India or China, but
our Asian neighbours South Korea andJapan who do not have the raw materials
nor have they been leading producers
in the past, are currently excelling inthis industry. Ever curious how they
do this? These two countries invest
heavily in new and latest technologies.
This capital intensive move is reflectedin their total production and ultimately
in terms of production cost per MT.
According to Steel Tech Journal, in
terms of costs per MT, South Korea isamong the lowest with USD 380 while
Japan records USD 420. In comparison
to SEA countries, Indonesia records
around USD 460 / MT while Thailand is
at USD 520 / MT. Thus, it is critical forthe industry players in Malaysia to invest
and reinvest in latest machinery in order
to become competitive, not only locally
but also globally.
An advanced steel mill will also require
experienced and skilled workforce, aside
from just technology. Human capitaldevelopment is critical in the I&S sector.
For instance, a plant in Austria requires
just 14 employees today in order toproduce 500,000 MT of high grade steel
wires, while the same plant back in the
1960s needed 1,000 workers to produce
the same output. Malaysian companies
can save cost, increase productivity andproduce better quality products withsuch advanced technology and first classhuman capital. Years of experience aside,
continuous training programmes are anecessity in order to obtain such skilledworkforce.
Government support is crucial in any
industry, let alone heavy and capitalintensive industry like I&S. Such support cancome directly in the forms of cost refund,loans, tax benefits, debt restructuring,
safeguarding and antidumping measures.
Indirectly, the Government can help interms of controlling energy prices andimposing a buy national products firstpolicy. South Korea, for example, one of
the largest producer and exporter of steel,starts from nothing in the 1960s – lacking
technology, resources and expertise. How
does its Government help the industry toflourish to become self independent as it isnow? The Korean government enacted theSteel Industry Promotion Law to actively
support the industry as well as provided
various benefits including long-termloans at low interest rates, establishmentof infrastructure, reduction / abolition oftaxes and tariffs, and reduction in utility
rates. We feel that it is important for theGovernment to imitate these strategies. It
is about time that a comprehensive policy
review is done for the overall I&S industry
and relevant incentives are provided tosupport the industry players.
Last but not least, we welcome our new
YB Minister of International Trade andIndustry, Ignatius Darell Leiking and YB
Deputy Minister, Dr. Ong Kian Ming. We
aspire that MITI together with all agencies
will be able to soar higher and achieve
the ultimate goal of making Malaysia as
the preferred investment destination
and become among the most globallycompetitive trading nations by 2020.

3

US Section 232 Steel Action
and Article XXI of GATT –Trade Remedy/Part 1

BACKGROUND
by Mr. Subash Bose Pillai, Advisor, Trade Practise Advisory Services, Malaysia Steel Institute

The US through her Section 232 on
23 March 2018 imposed 25% and 10%
tariffs on steel and aluminium products
respectively, with some temporary
exemptions given to certain countries.
This drew global attention and looking
at the immediate reactions of someof the countries, some have alluded
to a possible global trade war, whencountries not in agreement with suchaction, take retaliatory actions. The
retaliatory actions will target beyond
iron/steel and aluminium products –substantiating the possibility of tradewar.

Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel

It is only appropriate then to examine
this action and in relation to WTO
provisions and reactions of various
countries including those taking
counter
measurestosafeguard
their interests based on possible
repercussions of the US Section 232
action. This Part 1 of the article will look
into the various provisions under the
WTO, GATT provisions as well as theprocess under Section 232. This article
will also be confined to the Section 232
action on steel.

4

Under the multilateral rules of the
WTO trade remedy is allowed throughtaking anti-dumping, countervailingand safeguard measures. Besides
these, WTO Members do take anticircumvention actions though rules
on anti-circumvention are still to be
developed in the WTO (Please refer tothe last publication).
Under special circumstances, WTO
Members facing balance-of-payment
difficulty may apply import restrictions
under provisions in the GATT 1994
agreement and under the General
Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
and must be consistent or in compliancewith the rules of the international
trading system. Application of thebalance of payments provisions in the
WTO is governed by the following
agreements:• Articles XII and XVIII:B of GATT 1994;• The Understanding on the Balanceof-payments Provisions of the GATT1994; and• Article XII of the GATS.

Under Article XX of GATT, General
Exceptions provides for various
situations (ten of them) for the
adoption or enforcement of measures,provided it is not done in:• anarbitraryorunjustifiable
discrimination between countries
where the same conditions prevail;or• adisguised
restrictiononinternational trade.
Willy-nilly application of Article XX ofGATT is therefore difficult unless theprovisions are fully complied.
Similarly
ArticleXXI(Security
Exceptions) of GATT provides abroad framework for the imposition/
sanctioning of international trademeasures premised on national
security exception. As this Article is
not well developed, with minimal or
no detailed provisions, applicationand interpretations remain vague anddifficult to be subjected to dispute. In
short application of Article XXI allows
for WTO Members to not to keep
to international trade obligations
through trade restrictive measures/
trade sanctions by breaching tariffbindings, National Treatment andimposing quantitative restrictions.
We take a look at the provisions ofArticle XXI of GATT.

A R T ICLE X X I GA TT 1994 (SEC UR ITY E XC E PTION S )The text of Article XXI , being a broad framework, comprises ofthree (3) paragraphs (a), (b) and (c). The scope and applicationof paragraphs under Article XXI are as follows:• Paragraph (a): allows a WTO Member taking action under
this Article:>> not to disclose confidential/security sensitive information
which the Member considers will compromise theMember’s security interests; or• Paragraph (b): free to take any action which the Member
considers necessary to safeguard its essential security
interests:>> “relating to fissionable materials or the materials fromwhich they are derived” – i.e. priority to protecting against
nuclear weapons threat as against GATT obligations.
>> “relating to the traffic in arms, ammunition andimplements of war and to such traffic in other goods andmaterials as is carried on directly or indirectly for the
purpose of supplying a military establishment”.
>> “taken in time of war or other emergency in international
relations”.
• Paragraph (c): Allows for any action to be taken in achieving
its obligations under the United Nations Charter for the

maintenance of international peace and security i.e. if
an action is taken under this provision, no notification or
justification is required. This shows that priority is given
to UN Security Council/UN Charter compared to GATT
obligations/procedures.
• Need for balance for the application of Article XXI: Cannot
be too tight i.e. free to invoke when there is a real security
situation; or too broad to be invoked under the guise of
security, when measure put in place has a commercial
interest.
• Since the above provisions are so open, there were someconcerns on the need for a balance and a decision was
adopted, under Decision Concerning Article XXI of theGeneral Agreement, requiring fulfilment of two (2) conditions
concerning invocation of Article XXI:>> With exception to Article XXI:a i.e. withholding
confidential/sensitive information – all WTO Members
should be informed to the fullest extent of possible trademeasure.; and>> Affected WTO Members, retain full rights under the
General Agreement. This implies affected Members havethe right to take retaliatory actions if no mutually agreed
solution on concessions is arrived.
Let us now look at the US Section 232 Investigations process.

U S S E C TION 232 IN VE S TI GA T I O N S
A US Section 232 investigation is conducted under the authorityof the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 of the US, as amended.
The purpose of the investigation is to determine the effect ofimports on the national security. Investigations may be initiated:• When an application is received from an interested party;• At the request from the head of any department or agency; or• Self-initiated by the Secretary of Commerce (Secretary).
The steps are as follows:• The Secretary’s report to the US President (President),
prepared within 270 days of initiation;• The statute requires that Commerce consult with the
Department of Defense regarding the methodological andpolicy questions;• Other government agencies (such as the Department of State
and Labor) may also participate;• Interagency working groups based upon their expertise and/or interest may also participate.
• Opportunity for the public to comment and present information
and advice relevant to the investigation may be provided.
• Additional information is gathered from such sources as:
surveys of producers, importers and end users; on-the-record
meetings with the interested parties; site visits; and a review
of public literature.
Commerce will take into consideration the following criteria:• Requirements of the defense and essential civilian sectors;• Growth requirements of domestic industries to meet national
defense requirements;• Quantity, quality, and availability of imports;• Impact of foreign competition on the economic welfare of
the essential domestic industry;• Impact of foreign competition on the economic welfare of
the essential domestic industry;• The displacement of any domestic products causing
substantial unemployment, decrease in the revenues ofgovernment, loss of investment or specialized skills andproductive capacity; and• Other factors relevant to the unique circumstances of thespecific case.
Upon receiving the report from the Secretary, the President:• within 90 days shall make a determination to either concur
or not concur with the Secretary’s recommendations. The
President can also take action to “adjust the imports of anarticle and its derivatives” or other non-trade related actions
as deemed necessary;• if the President determines to take action then the President
has to implement the action no later than 15 days after the
President determines to take action.
• By no later than 30 days after the date the President makes
a determination the President shall submit to the Congress awritten statement on the basis of the decision.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 6
5

S T E E L REP O RT OF THE SEC R ETARY TO TH E
U S P RES IDEN T U NDER SEC TION 232
The main points of the Report of the Secretary to the President
are as follows:• ALTERNATIVE 1: GLOBAL QUOTA OR GLOBAL TARIFF:>> 1A: Global Quota: To impose across the board, volume
quota of 63% of total import volume based in 2017; or>> 1B: Global Tariff: To impose 24% import duty (tariff)
across the board on all imports.
• ALTERNATIVE 2: TARIFFS ON A SUBSET OF COUNTRIES:>> Impose Tariff of 53% on specific (12) countries namely:>> Brazil, South Korea, Russia, Turkey, India, Vietnam,
China, Thailand, South Africa, Egypt, Malaysia and Cost
Rica. While other countries will be allowed 100% of 2017
import levels.
Scope/Coverage of Steel Products• The US 232 Steel action covers:
1) Carbon and Alloy Flat Product (Flat Products).
2) Carbon and Alloy Long Products (Long Products).
3) Carbon and Alloy Pipe and Tube Products (Pipe and Tube
Products).
4) Carbon and Alloy Semi-finished Products (Semi-finished
Products).
5) Stainless Products.
Findings of the Report• The US provided the following justifications for the imposition– why steel is important to US National Security:>> Steel articles are critical to the nation’s overall defense
objectives used in fabricating weapons and related
systems for the nation’s defense.
>> No company can survive just producing and supplying
defense needs and critical infrastructure needs alone
because sales for critical infrastructure and defense
applications are:>> Less predictable;>> Cyclical; and>> Limited in volume.
• Therefore the commercial revenue should be profitableenough to support defense and critical infrastructure needs.
• According to the report, 80% capacity utilization levels is thebenchmark for minimum operation efficiency.
• Commercial and industrial business steadily eroded – bygrowing influx of lower priced imported product fromcountries where steel manufacturing is often subsidized,
directly or indirectly.
• Despite, putting in place numerous trade remedy actions
imports still surged:>> 164 AD and CVD duties on countries; and>> 20 under investigation.
>> Top 20 import sources account for approximately 91% of
total imports – 36 million MT (2017).
>> Total imports rose from 25.9million MT in 2011 to 40.2
million MT in 2014. Comparison of the first 10 months
in 2017 with the first 10 months of 2016 – saw imports
consistently over 30% of US consumption.
6• In 2016, imports were four (4) times that of exports.
• This has caused “weakening of the US internal economy”
that “may impair the national security”.
• Expansion of capacity (Asia, the Middle East and SouthAmerica) – much of it subsidized by national governments –continue to depress world steel prices – making it extremely
difficult for US companies to export.
• US steel exports comprise (mainly Canada and Mexico –under NAFTA):>> Auto industry related – 50% of exports by weight in 2016
to Canada and 39% to Mexico;>> Flats – represent majority of 57% of steel exports to
Canada and 64% for Mexico.
>> Line Pipe Sector:>> Exports peaked at 525,000MT in 2013 and fell to 60,000
MT in 2016 – decrease of 89% - which was less than 1/12
(one twelfth) of size of line pipe imports.
>> Line Pipe Exports: Canada – largest destination (39%)
and Mexico – 13%.
• HRC is used as benchmark price:>> Commodity product;>> With a fairly common definition globally.
• US domestic HRC prices dipped low in 2015 (US$505.65/MT)
before recovering in 2016 to US$575.68/MT.
• Domestic prices of China FOB price was 14% lower than the
US; ASEAN nations (import prices into the US) – 33% lower;
North Europe (domestic prices) – 21% lower.
• US high prices were due to:>> Higher taxes;>> Healthcare;>> Environmental standards; and>> Other regulatory expenses.
• Imports – backed by state-subsidized enterprises with highprices in US – add pressure on US competitors to export toUS.
• Steel Mill Closures and temporary idling of steel plants:>> Since 2000 – lost over 25% of its basic oxygen furnace
facilities with closure of 6 facilities; and lately two more.
>> 4 electric arc furnace steel facilities have closed:• The closures and idling of capacity are claimed due tosurge in low-cost imports and the demand for defense use
remaining flat.
• Declining Employment Trend Since 1998:>> Steel industry employment declined by 35% from 216,400
in 1998 to 139,800 in Jan-Dec 2016 – including 14,100 jobs
lost between 2015 and 2016 (acute in pipe and tubular
facilities• Loss of Domestic Opportunities to Bidders Using Imported
Steel:>> Example of Chinese companies:>> San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge;>> Alexander Hamilton Bridge over the Harlem River in New
York;

>> Boston and Chicago – new subway cars – primarily
constructed with imported steel.
>> 3 more projects have used or will use subsidized/dumped
foreign steel:>> Verrazano-Narrows Bridge;>> LaGuardia Airport; and>> Holland Tunnel.
• Domestic Steel Industry Facing Financial Distress:>> The US industry as a whole – on average operated withnegative net income from 2009 – 2016.
• High level of imports continues – US mills forced to operate
below profitable capacity utilization.
• This has resulted in serious effect of weakening US Internal
Economy.
• According to the OECD, U.S. steel production capacity hasremained stagnant at an average of approximately 114.3
million metric tons for more than a decade from 2006-2016.
For 2016, rated maximum capacity was 113million MT for
existing oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace facilities.
• For 6-year period (2011-16) – US domestic production supplied
70% of average demand – running at 74.0% average capacity
utilization:>> But can meet total demand (100%) with approximately 13
million MT of additional capacity remaining.
• 80% capacity utilization levels is benchmark for minimum
operation efficiency. 80% or higher – required to maintainsteel facilities.
• Capacity utilization or capacity use – describes the efficiency
of an industry’s use of capital – is a prime determinant of
profitability.
• Overall capacity utilization:>> 1998: 87.0%;>> 2008: Declined to 81.4%; and>> 2016: Declined to 69.4%;• Shrinking ability to meet national security production
requirements in a national emergency:>> From 2011 – 2017: US producers increased utilization ofsurge capacity they would have during an emergency
from 54.2% to 68.2% under emergency conditions. As steel
producers use more of this emergency capacity, there isincreasingly limited ability to ramp up steel production tomeet national security needs during national emergency.
>> Currently for national emergency, present utilizationlevels, domestic steel production can increase production
by 146%. This is considered low based on the two war
examples:>> Vietnam War: To meet emergency needs based on
Vietnam war (1960-1973 – increased steel production by
152% - implies will fall short and not able to meet national
security requirements in case of a similar situation like
Vietnam war.
>> World War II: Fighting at global war level (1938-1946 –WWII) production of steel ingots and castings increased
by 210% - implies will fall short and not able to meetnational security requirements.

• Therefore lack of spare domestic steel production
capacity and possibility of not being able to sufficiently
increase production during a national emergency – may
impair national security of the US.
• Foreign government-subsidized steel production – isprogressively weakening financial health of the US steel
industry as the other steel producing countries export
more to US to in part to offset the loss of regional
markets to Chinese steel.
Conclusion• Displacement of domestic steel by excessive imports
and the consequent adverse impact of those quantitiesof steel imports on the economic welfare of the domestic
steel industry, along with the circumstance of global
excess capacity in steel, are weakening US internal
economy and therefore “threaten to impair” the national
security as defined in Section 232.
• Global excess steel capacity is a circumstance that
contributes to the weakening of US internal economy:>> Industry operating at unsustainable levels;>> Reducing employment;>> Diminishing R&D;>> Inhibiting capital expenditures; and>> Causing a loss of vital skills and know-how.
• Defense and critical infrastructure requirements alone
insufficient to support robust steel industry – forproducers to be viable and competitive.
• The present capacity operating rates for those remaining
plants continue to be below those needed for financial
sustainability compared with 2016, where imports
consistently above 30% of US domestic demand.
• Finally, displacement of domestic steel products byexcessive imports of steel is having a serious effect of
causing the weakening of the US internal economy andtherefore the US Commerce Secretary recommends that
the President take corrective action by way of Section
232 of the US Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended.
• The US to also considered exemption and exclusions ofcountries:
Exemptions• The US President could determine that specific countries
exempted from the proposed measure and allow them toimport 100% of import volume at 2017 levels based on
Overriding economic or security interests of the US.
Exclusions• Exclusions granted by the US Commerce Secretary basedon:>> Lack of sufficient US production capacity ofcomparable products; and/or>> Specific national security based considerations.
• Any exemption/exclusions given will then require
corresponding adjustments to be made on final quota/
tariff rate on remaining countries to achieve 80% capacity
utilization of the domestic industry.
7

U S P RES IDEN T ’S DEC ISION

Photo source: https://www.google.com/
search?q=image+of+US+president+singing+section+232+on+steel&client=firefox-

The following was the US President’s decision:• Impose an adjusted 25% ad valorem tariff on steel articles as
defined ("steel articles" are defined at the Harmonized Tariff
Schedule (HTS) 6-digit level as: 7206.10 through 7216.50,
7216.99 through 7301.10, 7302.10, 7302.40 through 7302.90,
and 7304.10 through 7306.90, including any subsequent
revisions to these HTS classifications) imported from all
countries except Canada and Mexico.

Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel• The duties to be imposed on 23 March 2018 onwards.
Note: the main points of the report are provided for one to
make his/her own view on the merit of Section 232 action.
Points to Ponder

Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel
Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel• Factors considered include:• Secretary’s report;• Updated import and production numbers for 2017;• Failure of countries to agree on measures to reduce global
excess capacity;• Continued high level of imports since the beginning of theyear; and• Special circumstances exist with respect to Canada and
Mexico.
• Any country with security relationship is welcome to discussalternative ways to address threatened impairment of thenational security and if satisfactory alternative is achieved,
the President may remove/modify the restriction form
that country, and if necessary make any corresponding
adjustments to the tariff as it applies to other countries.
• If the Secretary determines that a particular steel article
should be excluded, the Secretary shall, upon publishing a
notice of such determination in the Federal Register, notify
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) of the Department ofHomeland Security concerning such article so that it will be
excluded from the duties.
8

Is this action by the US, to use Article XXI of GATT an
additional creative way of taking trade remedy action against
imports to protect the US iron & steel industry? Especiallyafter taking all the other forms of trade remedies under
the WTO – anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguards
measures? Or is there more to it?
[In addition to Section 232, the US has also initiated Section
301 action against China – that adds greater confusion andpossibility of escalating “tit-for-tat” counter measures –further exacerbating the situation.]

POS T DE C IS ION DE VE L OPME N TS
• On 22 March 2018 the US gave temporary exemption until
30 April 2018 to some countries namely Canada, Mexico,
Australia, Argentina, South Korea, Brazil and member
countries of the European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United
Kingdom).

• Countries/Customs Unions to prevent trade deflection/
diversion have started taking measures, ex-officio whichmeans the safeguard action is government initiated without
the domestic industry’s request, to protect their own domestic
markets. E.g. The EU taking safeguard investigations on 26
products, Turkey also has instituted safeguard investigations.
Canada is also taking steps to prevent trade deflection. (Asof writing the article)

W H A T N E X T?
Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel• On 30 April 2018, the US extended temporary exemption
on Canada, the EU and Mexico until 1 June 2018; Argentina
and Brazil granted temporary exemption indefinitely; andSouth Korea specific quota; and Australia the only country
exempted from the tariff and not subject to quotas.
• On 31 May 2018 the US ended temporary exemption to the
EU, Canada and Mexico. Exempted Brazil and Argentina but
subjected to aggregate limits of imports.
• So far China, the EU, India, Turkey and the US have requested
WTO consultations, including retaliatory list of items against
the US. Mexico is said to be taking steps to retaliate while
Canada is mulling.
• The tiff between G7 countries and the US, especially USCanada.

Photo source: www.google.com/section232/iron_steel

With all these global developments taking place with the US
instituting Section 232, is the world trade going to move into a
protectionist mode and undo all the progress made by the WTO
in moving towards liberalisation and providing a predictableenvironment for the businesses? Will this escalate into a fullblown trade war or will all come to their senses and continue
working towards what is globally good for international trade?
In Part 2 of this article we shall examine, with some analysis,
the latest updates after the imposition of the 25% tariff under
Section 232 measure on steel imports, including further
reactions of interested parties and impact on businesses.
REFERENCES
https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/other-areas/office-oftechnology-evaluation-ote/section-232-investigations
https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/forms-documents/
section-232-investigations/86-section-232-booklet/file
https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/other-areas/office-oftechnology-evaluation-ote/section-232-investigationsh t t p s : //w w w.w h i t e h o u s e . g ov/p r e s i d e n t i a l - a c t i o n s /presidential-proclamation-adjusting-imports-steel-unitedstates/
Goodman, Ryan (2001) "Norms and National Security:
The WTO as a Catalyst for Inquiry," Chicago Journal ofInternational Law: Vol.
2: No. 1, Article 7.
HannesL.
Schloemann
andStefanOhlhoff,“Constitutionalization” and Dispute Settlement in the WTO:
National Security as an Issue fo Competence, 93 Am J Intl L
424, 426 (1999).
Raj Bhala, National Security and International Trade Law:
What the GA7T Says and What the United States Does, 19 U
PaJ Intl Econ L 263, 268-69 (1998).

Photo source: https://amp.businessinsider.com/images/5a98714e487ff91b008b45bf-750-375.jpg

910

Recogn itionof Prior
Achievements (RPA)by Ms. Tracy Lee Hooi Lan, Senior Manager, Standards & Technology, Malaysia Steel InstituteI n t r odu ct ion
Recognition for Prior Achievement[Pengiktirafan Pencapaian Terdahulu(PPT)] is a programme which comesunder the purview of the Department
of Skills Development (DSD), Ministryof Human Resources Malaysia (MOHR),
to award National Skill Certificates(SKM) to the employees who have noformal or recognised qualification but
able to demonstrate their respective
skills as outlined in the National
Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS)
based on their past working experienceand achievement.

This programme was first introduced
way back in 1996 under the Malaysian
Skills Certification with the aims
to award recognition to the skilledworkers in the country and emphasises
the concept of lifelong learning.

• 5 years working experience: eligible
to apply SKM [Level 5 – Diploma
Lanjutan
Kemahiran
Malaysia(DLKM) or Malaysia Skills Advanced
Diploma].

Employees or workers who are eligible
based on period of work experience
in related fields and other conditions
specified as below, will be awarded
a certificate to the highest level inaccordance with their respective areas
as stated in the NOSS:

For application of the certificate ata higher level, the applicant musthave a Certificate at the previous
level as required by the NOSS. All thecertificates are awarded by Department
of Skills Development (DSD), Ministryof Human Resources Malaysia and are
based on the current NOSS.

• 1 year working experience: eligible toapply SKM (Level 1);• 2 years working experience: eligible
to apply SKM (Level 2);• 3 years working experience: eligible
to apply SKM (Level 3);• 4 years working experience: eligible
to apply SKM [Level 4 – Diploma
Kemahiran Malaysia (DKM) or
Malaysia Skills Diploma]; andCONTINUED ON PAGE 1211

Be n e fit s of jo ini ng thisWho sh ou l d a p p ly?

a) Benefits to individualsi) opportunity
togain
recognition and indirectly
providesmotivation
toimprove themselves;ii) certificate can be obtained ina short time without having
to attend classes/training or
taking any exam;iii) contributetocareerdevelopment, especially for
employment industry that
requires formal qualifications
for promotion; andiv) greater opportunities to pursue
higher education formally.

This programme is open to anyone who
has the skills and knowledge regardlessof when, how and where it is obtained,
either through work experience or training(formal or informal), provided that therequirements below is also fulfilled:a) at least 17 years old for Skills
Certificate Malaysia (SKM) Level 1,
2 and 3 applications;b) Benefits to employersi) improve productivity andperformance of the company;ii) encourage employees to be
more committed to theirwork through reward andrecognition;iii) save costs for employees’
training and certification, andiv) increase and improve thecompany image as theirworkers are rewarded andrecognised by the government.
Categories of certification
There are two categories
certification available as follows:i)offull certification: whereby all
the competency unit (CU)/duty in the NOSS are able tobe fulfilled; andii) modular certification: whereby
only one (1) CU or combinationof CU from the same NOSS isable to be fulfilled.

The Proc e s s for Re c ogn ition of Prior A c h ie v em en ta) Application and registration
The candidates, employees
employers are advised:ori) to attend a free briefing every
Tuesday (first week of the month)
held at all JPK regional offices
in Malaysia in order to get more
information before applying.
ii) to get the latest NOSS list andNOSS fields required to apply
through JPK website (http://www.
dsd.gov.my)iii) to get PPT guides and related
forms from the JPK website(http://www.dsd.gov.my/index.
php/en/ppt-download-files)iv) to self-evaluate based on the NOSS
the applicant intend to apply.
The registration can be done at
Department of Skills Development,
Putrajaya or Cyberjaya and their
Accredited Centres. The application
fee is Ringgit Malaysia RM300.00/
level of application.
b) Assessment
Once the application is approved, theassessment will be conducted by theassessor appointed by Department
of Skills Development. There are two
types of assessment method, i.e.:i) Portfolio assessment: It is acompilation of information that
demonstrate the depth andbreadth of what the candidate
knows and can do. It provides

12b) at least 20 years old for DKM and
DLKM applications;c) meet the pre-requisites outlinedin the NOSS;d) have SKM at a lower level in orderto get a higher SKM in the same
programme; ande) has working experience in thefield of skill at the applied level.

evidences (e.g.: work activities,
education and training records,
community or voluntary activities
and domestic/hobby, etc.) of
learning; orii) Practical assessment: This is anassessment method without
having to develop a portfolio.
The practical assessment can be
conducted at accredited centres
or training providers that areapproved by DSD.
However, for Level 4 (DKM) andLevel 5 (DLKM), an additional
project report “Laporan Pengalaman
Keterampilan Terdahulu” is required
to be prepared and submitted by thecandidate for evaluation purposes.
The assessment and evaluation time
period for Level 1, Level 2 and Level
3 is 2 months. However, for Level 4(DKM) and Level 5 (DLKM) it is 5
months.
c) Verification
The final verification will be
conducted by the external verifier toverify and confirm the competencies/
skills level of the candidate.
d) Certification
Once the final verification iscompleted, the Malaysia Skills
Certificate (SKM, DKM or DLKM) will
be issued by the DSD.

Ro l e of Malaysia Steel I nsti tute (M S I) in RPA p rogra m me
MSI has been appointed as the Industry Lead Body (ILB) for the iron and steel sector
by DSD, MOHR since 2015 until now. MSI has undertaken the task to promote the RPA
programme and to get the qualified iron and steel workers based on the NOSS as listed
below, to register under this RPA programme.
The following list is the NOSS under iron and steel sector which is available for certification:a) Formingi) C241-001-1:2017, Iron And Steel Production Support (Level 1);ii) C241-001-2:2017, Forming Production Line Operation (Level 2);iii) C241-001-3:2017, Forming Production Supervision (Level 3);iv) C241-001-4:2017, Forming Production Implementation And Control(Level 4); andv) C241-001-5:2017, Forming Production Technical Management (Level 5).
b) Steel Melt Shopi) C241-002-2:2017, Steel Melt Shop Operation (Level 2);ii) C241-002-3:2017, Steel Melt Shop Operation Supervision (Level 3);iii) C241-002-4:2017, Steel Melt Shop Management (Level 4); andiv) C241-002-5:2017, Steel Melt Shop Management (Level 5).
c) Foundryi) MC-070-2:2013, Foundry Production (Level 2);ii) MC-070-3:2013, Foundry Production Supervision (Level 3);iii) MC-070-4:2013, Foundry Operation Administration (Level 4); andiv) MC-070-5:2013, Foundry Operation Management (Level 5).
d) Metal Treatment Industryi) MC-071-3:2014, Industrial Heat Treatment Operation (Level 3).
e) Metal Forgingi) MC-072-3:2012, Metal Forging Production (Level 3).
MSI has allocated 30 “Free” certification for this year (2018) for iron and steel sector. The
normal cost of application for each level is RM300.00, but it is available for free through MSI.
For enquiries regarding PPT application, please contact:
Mr Lai Leong Chon
Email: leon@malaysiasteelinstitute.com
Tel: 603 6208 4658
13

14

STEELMAKING
1 01: STEELMAKINGFOR DUMMIESby Mr. Rezuan Masran, Senior Executive, Economic Research and Development, Malaysia Steel Institute

Steel is the world's most popular construction material
because of its unique combination of durability, workability,
and cost. It's an iron alloy that contains between 0.2 and2 percent carbon by weight. According to the World Steel
Association, in 2017, some of the largest steel producing
countries are China (49.2%), the European Union (10.0%),
Japan (6.1%), the United States (6.0%), and India (6.0%).
In 2010, the world produced more than 1.6 billion metrictonnes (MT) of steel and the largest steel producers include
ArcelorMittal S.A (95.5 mil MT), Baowu Steel Group (63.8 mil
MT), Hesteel Group (46.2 mil MT), Nippon Steel & Sumitomo
Metal (46.2 mil MT), and POSCO (41.6 mil MT).

HOW BIG IS

De fin ition of S te e l ma kin g Pro cessSteelmaking is the process to produce steel from its raw
materials, namely scrap and iron ore. This process willremove impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus andexcess carbon from the raw materials, and include requiredelements such as manganese, nickel and vanadium toproduce different grades of steel.

1.6 BILLION MT?

To put this number into perspective, thisamount is able to produce:

1.777 billion cars
(1 car requires
900 kg of steel)

43,348 KLCCs(this twin tower requires
36910 tonne of steel)Figure 1. Iron-carbon phase diagram showing the conditions
needed to obtain different phases

CONTINUED ON PAGE 16
15

F U RN ACES U S ED F OR STEELMAKI NG PR OC E S S
Furnaces are used in the steelmaking process. The design of the furnaces is in such a way to consume fuel and heat as lessas possible in a given time that requires low labour cost. Although there are various types and sizes of steelmaking furnaces,
all of them share the same basic components, namely:• Radiant section• Convection section		• Radiant coil		• Burner• Soot blower		• Stack				• Insulation		• Foundations
There are two major commercial furnaces used for making steel, namely using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc
furnace (EAF).
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)
Basic Oxygen Furnace is a pear shaped vessel where
the pig iron from blast furnace, and ferrous scrap, isrefined into steel by injecting a jet high-purity oxygen
through the hot metal to reduce the carbon content
depending on product specifications.

Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF)
These furnaces are often used in steel mills as well as
foundries. Metal and additives are poured into the furnace.
The additives help to separate the impurities present in
the metal. The furnace melts the metal through the use of
granite or carbon electrodes which create an electric arc.

Figure 2. Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)

Figure 3. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Comparison of commonly used furnaces is given in the table below.
Furnace Type

Main Energy Source Raw material

Capacity

Initial Investment

Energy Use

Blast-Oxygen
Furnace (BOF)

Coke/Coal

Iron Ore

High

High

High

Electric Arc
Furnace (EAF)Electric

Scrap & Iron Ore

MediumMediumLow

Table 1. Comparison of furnaces commonly used in steelmaking

Aside from these two, there are several lesser used furnaces namely induction furnace (IF), hearth furnace (HF), cupolafurnace (CF) and so on.

16M O D E RN S T EELMAKING PR OC ESSModern steelmaking can be broken down into six steps:
Ironmaking, which is the first step, involves the raw inputsof iron ore, coke, and lime being melted in a blast furnace.
The resulting molten iron, also referred to as hot metal, stillcontains 4 to 4.5 percent carbon and other impurities thatmake it brittle.
Secondary steelmaking involves treating the molten steel
produced to adjust the steel composition. This is done byadding or removing certain elements and/or manipulating
the temperature and production environment.

Next, continuous casting sees the molten steel cast into a
cooled mould causing a thin steel shell to solidify. The shellstrand is withdrawn using guided rolls and fully cooled andsolidified. The strand is cut into desired lengths depending
on application; slabs for flat products (plate and strip),blooms for sections (beams), billets for long products(wires), or thin strips.
Finally, it's time for manufacturing, fabrication, and finishing.

Figure 4. Overview of the steelmaking process using BOF and EAFREFERENCES
1. Top steelmakers in 2016. https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:b8a5256f-6b2f-40ae-80cc-f25c029b48eb/
Top+50+steelmakers+2016_web.pdf
2. Top steel producing countries. https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:0909050c-1086-4017-95ef-0eb94b1487c2/
Steel+production+December+2017.pdf
3. BOF and EAF. http://www.substech.com
4. The modern steel manufacturing process. https://www.thebalance.com/steel-production-2340173
5. Overview of the steelmaking process. https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:177c8e5c-e02a-4e08-9dc6-cce7372b41c2/
Overview+of+the+Steelmaking+Process_poster.pdf

17

18

Safety and HealthTraining for Iron
and Steel Industry
by Mr. Lai Leong Chon, Senior Manager, Economic Research and Development, Malaysia Steel InstituteNothing is more important than thesafety and health of people who workin the steel industry. Protecting theirsafety and health is of vital importanceto all of Malaysia steel players.
The
World
Steel
Association(worldsteel) provides up-to-dateguidance, data, processes andprocedures freely available to members
to help the steel industry deliver on its
key mission to eliminate accidents andmanage working environments withthe highest standards of safety andhealth conditions.
Safety data collected from worldsteel
membership shows that the steel
industry has seen a steady andnotable reduction in the Lost Time
Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR) overthe past decade. The injury rate per
million hours worked has decreased
from 4.55 in 2006 to 1.01 in 2016, a
remarkable reduction of 78%.

Figure 1: Global Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR)
Definition: A Lost Time Injury (LTI) is
an incident which causes an injury thatprevents the person from returning
to his next scheduled shift or work
period. Lost Time Injury Frequency
Rate (LTIFR) is the number of Lost Time
Injuries per million man-hours. LTIFR
includes fatalities.

The Malaysian steel players should
benchmark the above performanceby 1st monitoring our current industry
performance as this not only related to
productivity but also can change theimpression that steel industry is high risk
industry and subsequently attract moreyoung skill workers to join the industry
and overcome the shortage of skill
workers.

19

Measuring performance is one aspect of achieving goodsafety and health standards. MSI encourages all steel
companies to participate in the safety performance datacollection and report as accurate information as possible.
This information not only concerns about the number ofincidents occurred (number of fatalities, lost time injuries,
medical treatment incidents, first aid incidents, near misses
or safety deviations) but also all the actions taken to avoid
further similar incidents. The metrics allow organisations to
identify areas that need improvement and benefits reaped
from the strong support of their peers in the industry by
sharing their knowledge.
A practical guidelines to help companies implement theseprinciples can be adopted by Malaysian steel players has
been established by worldsteel. Accurate definitions
for all safety metrics ensure the harmonisation of themeasurements, results and analysis. Among the principlethat can be adopted by Malaysia steel players are as follows:

SAFETY ANDHEALTH METRICSURVEYSTEEL SAFETYDAYSAFETY
WORKSHOPS

ETY AND HEAL
TH
SAF
EL
AC
E
ST

WORLDSTEELSAFETY ANDHEALTH PRINCIPLES

S
TIE
VI
TI

WO
RL
D

SERIOUS SAFETY
OCCURRENCESSHARINGSAFETY ANDHEALTHGUIDANCE NOTESSHOP FLOORSAFETY AUDITSSAFETY ANDHEALTHEXCELLENCE
RECOGNITION

Another important factor to sucess is Leadership as
leadership is the key to a safe and healthy working
environment. A strong and visible commitment from thevery top of the company shared by all levels of management
is essential to achieve a healthy accident-free workplace.
Steel companies that have the best safety records are those
whose chief executives are held accountable by the board of
directors for the safety and health of all the people working
on their sites, employees and contractors alike, and where
all levels of management are actively involve and support asafe and healthy approach to work on the shop floor.
By leading a safety and health initiatives consistently,
management is able to demonstrate commitment, set
uncompromising safety standards, and follow up on
compliance.

20

It is the responsibility of management to ensure that all
employees and contractors are trained and received thetools and guidelines to work safely. Among the common
policy of those companies with good safety record are:• All injuries and work-related illness can and must be
prevented.
• Managers are responsible and accountable for safety andhealth performance.
• Employee engagement and training is essential.
• Working safely is a condition of employment.
• Excellence in safety and health drives excellent businessresults.
• Safety and health must be integrated into all business
management processes.
Most countries have their own legislation on occupationalsafety and health which must always be uphold. Most
steelmakers also follow international standards on
occupational health and safety management. The mostcommonly used international standard on occupational
health and safety management systems is OHSAS 18001. A
new international standard, ISO 45001 Occupational Healthand Safety Management Systems, has been published in
March 2018. Compliance with these standards demonstrates
a company’s commitment to continually check and improve
its safety and health performance. An occupational
health and safety management system is often combinedwith similar management systems such as Environment
Management System (ISO 14001) and Quality Management
System (ISO 9001).
The standards and systems applied by most steelmakers
exceeded the minimum legal requirements. As a rule,
steelmakers choose to adopt the highest standard available
within the industry.
Malaysia Steel Institute (MSI) is offering training related tosafety and health for Iron and Steel Industry, among thecourses are safety awareness training to working level andsafety officer, introduction to ISO 45001 and customised
safety and health training. Interested party can contact Leonat 012 669 2491 or email at leon@malaysiasteelinstitute.co
for more information.
Reference: Safety and Health In The Steel Industry,Worldsteel Position Paper.

21Community
Care witha HeartConducting CSR within the organisation can help to motivate
the employees to challenge themselves and to work together
as a team. Importantly, it also makes the employees feel goodabout their workplace. One of the highest rated categories
for employee satisfaction was “the company enables me
to make a difference by giving back to the community”.
Working on several CSR events lessens the mundane tasks
or day-to-day conflicts among the co-workers in the office.
In fact, employees see the best of each other from working
together in a CSR events, whether it is a big or small project.
Seeing other people in need can also put smaller problems
in perspective and for big organisations, it acts as a crucial
tool in connecting people across the borders and helping
them to feel a part of one big family.

by Ms. Haney Mohd Suffi, Manager,
Industry Relations and Liaisons,
Malaysia Steel Institute

T hree factor s when engaging C S R ac tivitie s
Corporate Social Responsibility begins with self-responsibility. If not, social responsibility can’t sustain. Social
responsibility is not an entity that survives with people feeding it only when they have the energy to do so. It
is an expression of who we are, individually and collectively. There is a conscious shift going on, and part of theshift is realizing that the end cannot justify the means. We have to be the change we want to see. It’s just math.
To do that, we have to include three factors in our definition of sustainability:

22

Emotional
Sustainability

MentalSustainability

balance and selfmanagement of ouremotional energy
expenditures;
emotional alignment

managing timeand overload

Environmental
Sustainability(internal)
healthy attitude andbehaviour; respect
and care for others
and for oneself.

I t n eeds to come f r om the hear t
Internal energy management is realized as people operate
more from the heart. It’s interesting that more mission
statements are mentioning the importance of the heartin leadership, teamwork and client service. Whether this
implies listening from the heart or practicing heart values
like respect, non-blame, compassion and appreciation,
there is a growing awareness of the need for more heart
connection and a growing understanding of the stress anddysfunction that are created without it.
As people increase their capacity for internal energy
management and heart-infused intentions (not just mindinfused), they can progressively establish an ascendingoctave of self-responsibility, resilience, passion and social
responsibility. This gives new life and new meaning to what
it takes to sustain sustainability.
CSR starts from the community, and not only the community,
but even the company gains from it. However, CSR is
primarily about giving back to the society. It does enhance
the image of the organisation and even the employees feel
happy that they are working with an active organisationand the communities feel that they are associated with anorganisation which is very socially conscious. It is a winwin situation for both, the organisation and the community.
This year, MSI managed to kick off three CSR campaigns
at Yayasan Sunbeam Home (a non-governmental, selfsupporting multi-racial foundation, is home to displaced,abused and neglected children of single-parents), Buddhist
institute Sunday Dhamma School and Rumah Titian Kasih
all located in Kuala Lumpur. At Yayasan Sunbeam, we
visited almost 50 orphaned kids and donated their basic
necessities such as milk, chocolate beverages, rice, biscuits
and others to the home. Most of the kids are from the Orang
Asli where their parents could not afford to provide theirchildren with proper education and decided to hand overthe kids to Pastor Alvin, who is the founder of the Yayasan
Sunbeam home.
“I am giving the kids an opportunity to gain knowledge andexposure in order to survive once they are much older andmore independent. I believe education is important for the
kids to enquire knowledge, skills, attitude and values toshape their future,” said Pastor Alvin, who has been taking
care of the shelter since 1995.
For the second CSR campaign, MSI contributed gift vouchers
donated by the industry to the Buddhist community school
located in Brickfield Kuala Lumpur. The school is currently
raising funds for the expansion of the classroom and tobuild a new meditation pavilion. Mr Jarrod Lim, CEO of MSI
handed over the AEON vouchers worth RM 5,000 for themto purchase school supplies and other basic needs of thestudents. The last CSR campaign, MSI visited the Rumah
Titian Kasih where we met with Mak Pah (Puan Sharifah)
who is the caretaker and founder of the home. At RTK, wewere introduced to several kids who were physically abused,abandoned, without any proper documentation or mentallychallenged. There were old folks who were left behind by
their family members, bed ridden and had to be taken careby volunteered nurses on weekly basis.
At MSI, we strongly believe in giving back to the society
and in order for the CSR to be successful, the organisation
has to believe in it from the bottom up. Most of MSI staff
has personal experience with the MSI CSR programmes andthey personally know first-hand how invaluable the rightsupport, guidance and inspiration can be to the orphanage,old folks and others.

23

M a lays i a S t e e l In s t i t u te
(M SI) Si g ns S PR M ’s
C orr upt i o n - F r e e Pl e d g e
by Ms. Haney Mohd Suffi, Manager, Industry Relations and Liaisons, Malaysia Steel Institute

Malaysia Steel Institute, an agency under the Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry, has launched an integrity
pledge as a proactive step in the agency’s commitment
towards good corporate governance. The event was heldon the 17th of May at Seminar Room 1, Level 1, Menara MITI.
Several MSI board members attended the event which
include the Chairman of MSI, Datin K. Talagavathi, Dato’ Dr.
Ir. Andy Yeo and Dato’ Soh Thian Lai.
The Corruption-Free Action Pledge is an initiative madeby the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) toensure that every individual who signed the pledge will be
more responsible and to avoid getting involved in corruption
or abuse of power. MACC was represented by Mr. Mohamad
Tarmize Bin Abdul Manaf, Ketua Seksyen Perancangan dan
Tugas-tugas Khas, Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat.
At the launch, staff jointly read out the pledge, led by Mr
Jarrod Lim, Chief Executive Officer of MSI before signing

the declaration and witnessed by Datuk Seri J. Jayasiri,
Secretary General of Ministry of International Trade andIndustry and Mr. Mohamad Tarmize of MACC. MSI staff also
pledged to practice values of integrity, transparency andgood governance that support prevention of corruption andto fight any form of corrupted practice. This is part of MSI
continuous effort to inculcate good values in order to make
MSI a high performance, efficient, friendly, responsibleorganisation and adopt high standard of governance, trustand integrity.
“In doing so we will always uphold honesty andtrustworthiness, important factors which can determine thesuccess of MSI,’ said Mr Jarrod Lim.
Mr. Lim said he was serious about the campaign and
expected all MSI staff to practice the highest level ofintegrity and honesty.

25

Materials
innovations driverfor EEV ventures
by Dato’ Madani Sahari, Chief Executive Officer, Malaysia Automotive Institute

Vehicle weight is a major contributor towards achieving
fuel economy in energy-efficient vehicle (EEV).
Henceforth, developing low-cost lightweight materials
is now a major focus within the global automotive
community.
While well designed parts and components help reducethe vehicle weight, proper material selection for vehicle
components is a more effective approach in achieving
higher degree of weight reduction.
Advanced materials are now being incorporated into
the vehicle design - including body, chassis, suspension,
power train and interior components, such as seats andother fittings.
Most developmental work is now focused on advancing
the characteristics of materials, including aluminium andmagnesium, alloys, ultra-high strength steels, carbon
fiber and polymer composites.
In order to maintain compatibility with current
manufacturing assets within the automotive industry,
application of advanced high strength steel (AHSS)
is still preferred in the short- to middle-term venture
towards EEV.
AHSS has the potential to reduce parts and components
weight, especially those in the strength limited structuraldesign, by as high as 25 per cent.
It costs more than the regular steel, by about 15 per cent.
However, it is still cheaper, albeit heavier compared tolighter materials such as aluminium and magnesium. Steel,when alloyed with nickel and titanium, demonstrates
increase in strength with relatively lighter in weight.
27

Thinner AHSS, coupled with right design approach, may
reduce the weight of components in its application.
Lightweight aluminium and its alloys have also beensuccessful due to years of developmental work within
the aerospace industry. Today, aluminium alloys are welldeveloped and their metallurgical aspects reasonably
understood.
Existing processes to shape this material into components
are continuously being enhanced, and new processes arebeing introduced to achieve better production efficiency
and quality output.
The last few decades saw aluminium alloys utilised in
automotive application in a broader spectrum. Body-inwhite structures, power train components, engine parts,
hood and panels are among its applications by automotive
designers in achieving vehicle weight reduction.
Compared to steel, a reduction of some 25 per cent inweight is achievable with aluminium used in most vehicles.

The material has the potential of reducing some 60 per centof the vehicle body weight. The composite imparts highstrength in the body structure and is able to resist impact
loads. Widespread application, however, is still limited dueto the cost of carbonisation to produce the carbon fiber
input material.
Metallic metric composites are now gaining ground inautomotive applications for engine parts and components.
Aluminium matrix composites, although still costly,
have the potential of replacing heavy steel components,
such as brake discs and drums, cylinder blocks, cylinder
liners, pistons, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, push rods,
connecting rods, brake calipers and turbo exchanges.
Various local universities have been involved in the researchof metal matrix and fiber polymer composites. Although
the research initiatives are mostly of academic exercises
in nature, the accumulated knowledge can be useful for
lightweight material development in the near future by the
local automotive industry players.

Magnesium and its alloys are currently the lightest material,
having the potential for automotive lightweight component
application, achieving some 60 per cent in weight reduction
against the current steel materials being employed.

Automotive aluminium parts and components manufacturers
have long been established in the local scene.

However, magnesium widespread application is still limited
due to its high cost and price volatility.

The support of trained local metallurgists and material
engineers in various advanced materials is crucial for
their advancement into the manufacture of lightweightcomponents for future EEV initiatives.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite, five times
stronger than steel but only one third of its weight, isthe most promising lightweight material for automotive
applications, such as body panels.

The writer is the chief executive officer of Malaysia
Automotive Institute.

28

Anticipating The Future of Rebar
Supply Trend When The Preferred
Design Flow is Empowered By
Adopting BIM

By Mr Louis Tay CS,
Ir Edward Han LK & Ir Yoong LY(Co-founders of PLYTEC® Engineering

The 4th week of March 2018 is a busy week for the communityof the construction industry in Kuala Lumpur, which hosted
the ICW 2018 (International Construction Week) andcombined with various events including the International
Construction Transformation Conference (ICTC, 26 & 27
March); Ecobuild Southeast Asia 2018 (27-29 March),
Malaysian IBS International Exhibition 2018 (MIIE’18, 27-29
March) that concluded with a BIM Day 2018 Conference.
The observations and messages shared and delivered inthese events converge on a clear and unanimous opinion ofvarious stakeholders across the industries, which says, thekey to improve the productivity of the construction industry
that had seen almost zero growth over the past 30 years
globally, shall be the adoption of digital smart technology.
And, integrated BIM (Building Information Modelling) is
identified as the immediate disruptive change that shall

impact and reshape the orientation of the entire value chainof construction industry worldwide.
President of the Building Material Distributors Associationof Malaysia (BMDAM), Mr Yang Kian Lock in his keynote
address at the 41st Anniversary Annual Dinner of theassociation on 2 Nov. 2107, urged the members of the
supply chain industries to adapt to the development of
BIM technology and create value added services (VAS)
as a counter measure to the high commoditization rateof the building material market. This VAS shall ultimately
deliver higher productivity either within the supply chain
by simplifying internal processes with automation; or, to theconstruction projects by reducing wastage in material or
manpower, as well as helping to control rework and delay.

29

In exploring the potential value and impact of BIM adoption
in engineering works, this paper shall focus on the Malaysian
supply chain industry with regards to reinforced steel bar(rebar) for reinforced concrete (rc) construction. The normof supplying in standardised sizes that has been practised
for ages with the rebar products, either in 12m long bars or
2.2m x 6m wire mesh fabrics, is actually an adaptation tosuit the progressive development of bar bending schedule(BBS) in construction projects. The production of BBS in
term rely on the issuance of structural detail drawings,
and it is a tedious and time consuming process whereschedulers compute and draw the length and shape of eachrebar for fabrication production purpose. And yet, with thecurrent CAD based technologies available for the rebar
scheduling tasks, there is no mean to detect any clash ofrebars in the actual 3D space in the BBS. Needless to say,most of the rebars delivered in standard size have to be cut
to the required sizes on site in the fabrication process which
generates a material wastage between 10-30%. Besides
such production wastage and the unavoidable physicalclashes of fabricated bars when put in place that result inrework to rectify, another common frustration associatedto the current rebar production processes on site is delay
due to late issuance of either rc structural details or BBS.
Consequently, it is commonly seen that either the bulk
quantity of the required rebars cannot be obtained in time
for procurement purpose, or, the rebars in standard sizes
are delivered and idling for long time pending fabrication
details where project cash flow management cannot beeffectively observed. Meanwhile, excessive rusting of rebar
surfaces may also become a matter of serious concern.
30

Similar situations are often faced by other trades in theconstruction projects. The root problem of this is due tothe flow of highly inefficient traditional design processes
which spread substantial amount of design development &detailing workload over the implementation phase of the
project. As illustrated in Picture No.1 – The MacLeamy Curve
below, the desired and preferred design flow is to front load
most of the workload prior to even before project tendering
phase, where any design change will have least impact tothe project cost, and on the other hand can achieve added
value in heap to the project.

Picture No.1:– The MacLeamy Curve

The IPD (Integrated Project Delivery) Effort with thepreferred design flow can be realised with the adoption of
integrated BIM as work management environment. In thecontext of rebar production for projects, this simply meansthat the detailing of rc works has already been modelled up
realistically at design stage and BBS is ready to be generated
with minor effort from the very same model constructed.
In the design environment with BIM, rc structure designers
will start model up their analysis output into 3D models
instead of the traditional simplified two dimensional plansand printed notes. The required rebars detailing rules andcodes of practice are programmed into the BIM software;
this then enable seamless and smart modelling of realistic
rebar elements based on the design requirements into thepre-generated concrete model, which is recognized by theintelligence of the software as physical boundaries. A typicalrc structure represented in BIM containing both the concrete
and rebar elements are illustrated in Picture No.2 below.
Picture No.2:- Illustration of a BIM Representation of
Typical RC Structure Elements

Models produced in BIM at design stage are stored andaccessed via cloud-base for work sharing and interoperable
considerations. If concrete pour sequence and joints arealso assumed and fed into the constructed rc structure
model, an accurate quantity report can be easily generated
from the programme even without attending to any of
the clashes detected at this juncture. As a matter of fact,
clashes of rebars generally do not significantly impact thequantity of material requirement, but the impact is rather
critical in construction quality and time. Hence, immediately
upon contract award, the appointed contractor who thendo a further work with BIM and access the same model shallconclude and update the following:i) Verify the consistency of concrete shell model in respect
to the construction building plans.
ii) Establish construction programme and pour sequence, 		
and hence locations of pour break/joints.
iii) Treat and resolve major rebar clashes and finalise the rc
structure model. (See in Picture No.3 an example of rebar
model clash check analysis)
Then, the rebar report and BBS shall be generated for the
procurement of customised size rebars, and use in thesubsequent construction installation works. An example ofrebar detail and BBS is shown in Picture 4 below.
Picture No.4:- Snap Shot of a BBS Generated Directlyfrom BIM Programme

Picture No.3:- Illustration of A Rebar Model with Clash
Check Analysis

31

The significant process revolutionised improvements achieved and empowered by adopting BIM in the preferred design flow
are as follow:
1) The productivity of engineers and structural designers
will be greatly improved due to digitization of designcontent and, automated and intelligent computation
power of programme in 3D realistic modelling andvisualisation, compliance application, quantity take-off,clash detection, details generation, and etc.
2) Only one real-time shared model will be used as thebasis and centre of all communications throughout theentire project life cycle. The level of detail (LOD) of themodel will be improved collectively and progressively as
the project advances and all changes will be captured
and coordinated in relation to timeline. This is a highly
effective communication and information management
model which eliminates lots of redundant works indetailing and scheduling of rebars performed in the
traditional way.

3) With BIM, the production of BBS details is becoming
highly efficient where it can be done very much inadvance before the installation works. This also meansthat the requirement of rebars for the entire project
can be established accurately in its totality at the
procurement stage. Hence, more effective sourcing
plan can be practised to employ the supply of rebars
in customised sizes which eliminates extensively therequirement of site fabrication works. This will shorten
the time gap on site between material delivery andinstallation works. Ultimately, the productivity of theconstruction project is increased. The comparison inrebar production process flows is presented in Picture
No. 5 below.

Picture No.5:- Illustration of Rebar Construction Process Flow with IPD Effort inComparison to Typical Effort Practiced Traditionally

The supply chain industries are already noticing the increase of demand in cut-to-size rebars, especially in the infrastructure
segment which often opt for this type of supply to optimise the utilization of rebar material. If the effort to create VAS forthe rebar products by supporting the adoption of BIM is timed correctly, and, if strategic collaboration is exercised withsynergic partnership, the industry may indeed be looking at an avenue to create sustainable business growth despite stiffcompetition among the steel mills. In view of the desperate need to increase nationwide construction productivity due theincreased scarcity of skilled labours, and with the emerging trend of BIM adoption, it is anticipated that the demand of cutto-size rebars will rise to capture a much larger market share in the near future.

32

The Evolution ofArchitecture in Iron and Steelby Mr. Faizzal Fah’d, Design and Planning, Apex Communications Sdn. Bhd.

Buildings Have Gotten Taller Than Before –Rising to the New Heights
Two significant structures symbolize the importance of iron manufacturing for architecture:

The Crystal Palace and the Eiffel Tower.

You may have seen photos of themen at work on construction of theManhattan skyline
in the 1930s. These
photos can usually
be found in highschoolhistory
textbooks and theimages highlight therisk of constructing these buildings. It
may be tough to thoroughly visualize
how massive the scale actually was.
Skyscrapers were only possible
because of two 19th century
achievements; the invention of thesafe elevator, and the ability to mass
produce steel and iron. Added tothe concentration of populations inurban centres, you have the situationthat makes skyscrapers not only
possible, but necessary for progress.
The architecture of most modern
skyscrapers relies on the structural
capacity of these steel frames
to withstand all probable loads,
including those arising from wind andearthquake. Architects can choose toexpress the steel structure in the styleand elevations of the building, or to
disguise the structural elements insome form of cladding.
In architecture before 1800, metals
played an auxiliary role. They wereused for bonding masonry (dowels
and clamps), for tension members(chains strengthening domes, tie rods
across arches to reinforce the vaults),
and for roofing, doors, windows, anddecoration. Cast iron, the first metalthat could be substituted for traditional
structural materials, was used in bridgebuilding as early as 1779.
Iron can be used as structural
reinforcement; as a shoe to hold theend or a clamp to tie the lengths of atimber beam together; it can be used
as a rod to increase the tensile strengthof a roof truss or to provide additional
structural rigidity as a tie between thewalls of a large warehouse. In this caseiron plates or bosses, usually circular oroval in form, will appear on the exterior
walls of the building.
Iron often lies hidden in masonry. In
harbour walls and where a fine stonefacing is applied to a building, metal
clamps will have been used to hold thedifferent parts of the structure together.
In modern times this often leads toconservation problems. Over the years
water penetration rusts the clamps
which then expand forcing semi-circularpieces of the stonework to flake off thewall surface.
Steel is a form of iron with a low carbon
content and very small amounts of otherelements such as silicon, manganese
and, for special steels, chromium, nickel
and aluminium. Steel is strong in bothtension and compression but distorts
at high temperatures, and (except for
special steels) it is subject to rusting.
Consequently steel has to be given fireproof cover, and also has to be carefully
painted in many circumstances. In
contemporary architecture steel isfrequently employed to provide a
structural frame for a building whichis assembled out of extruded steel
H-shaped beams and columns, bolted
or welded at junctions.
Steel structural members are rolled in avariety of shapes, the most common ofwhich are plates, angles, I beams, andU-shaped channels. These members
may be joined by steel bolts or rivets,and the development of welding inthe 20th century made it possible toproduce fused joints with less labourand materials. The result is a rigid,
continuous structure in which the joint
is as firm as the member and distributes
stress between beams and columns. Thisis a fundamental change in architectural
technique, the effect of which cannot
yet be estimated. Normally, steel must
be protected against corrosion bysurface coverings, but alloys such as
stainless steel have been developed for
exposed surfaces.
33

Aluminium and other light metal alloys
have come to be favoured for exterior
construction because of their weather
resistance.
The development of construction
methods in iron and steel was the mostimportant innovation in architecturesince ancient times. These methods
provide far stronger and taller
structures with less expenditure ofmaterial than stone, brick, or woodand can produce greater unsupported
spans over openings and interior orexterior spaces. The evolution of steel
frame construction in the 20th century
entirely changed the concept of thewall and the support.
Its ability to bear loads and to be
produced in an endless variety offorms, in addition to its resistance tofire and corrosion, quickly encouraged
architectural adaptations, first as

34

columns and arches and afterwardin skeletal structures. Because castiron has much more compressive thantensile strength (for example, it works
better as a small column than as abeam), it was largely replaced in thelate 19th century by steel, which is more
uniformly strong, elastic, and workable,
and its high resistance to all stresses
can be closely calculated.
Steel compared to other materials
of its type has low production cost.
The energy required for extracting
iron from ore is about 25 % of what isneeded for extracting aluminium. Steelis environmental friendly as it can berecycled. 5.6 % of element iron is present
in earth's crust, representing a secure
raw material base. Steel production is 20
times higher as compared to productionof all non-ferrous metals put together.
The steel industry has developed newtechnologies and has strived hard to

make the world's strongest and mostversatile material even better. There
are altogether about 2000 grades ofsteel developed of which 1500 grades
are high grade steels. There is still
immense potential for developing
new grades of steel with varying
properties .The large number ofgrades gives steel the characteristicof a basic production material. Steelhas enjoyed an important positionin our lives and will continue to do
so in the years to come. However,the degree to which it maintains
its dominant position will depend
on we can exploit its potential bydeveloping new, higher grades
and adaptable grades. This can beachieved by refining the structure andapplying alloying techniques and thus
furthering its utility value.

From The Industry PerspectiveS

Malaysian Iron &Steel Industry –Challenges & Outlook
by Dato’ Soh Thian Lai, Board of Director, Malaysia Steel Institute

The Malaysian Iron & Steel Industry (MISI) has by and large
remained resilient to the current changes in the politicallandscape and challenging economic condition, despite
experiencing some slowdown over the last 2 months due tothe many holidays during GE14 period, announcement zerorated GST from 1 June 2018 and the Hari Raya break. With
the recently concluded result for the GE14 which ushers in a
new administration under the leadership of Tun Dr Mahathir
Mohamad spearheading Pakatan Harapan (PH), which has
unexpectedly defeated the Barisan Nasional (BN) Coalition
that had ruled the country for the last 6 decades, Malaysians
are generally upbeat and looking forward to a new Malaysian
government that will promote peace and harmony amongst
our multi-cultural society and, bring prosperity to the nation.
According to the manifestos promised by PH Government
to keep their commitment to reforms aimed at enhancing
governance and improving business climate and, reducing
regulatory barriers to competition and Foreign Direct

Investments (FDIs), which hopefully would bring about
continued economic growth, prosperity and resilience to thecountry.
However, the MISI though not adversely affected by thecurrent surprise changes, the industry as a whole still faces asudden slowdown especially concerning public sector projects
under review pertaining to the award and cost of government
projects by the authorities. The industry is expecting a lot of
obstacles and tough challenges and headwind ahead in viewof the US President’s rhetoric threats on raising tariff barrier
against their global trading partners.
This article seeks to identify the strength and weaknesses aswell as the opportunities and threats (SWOT) encountered by
the industry at large.

35

I n d u s t ry S t ru c tur e
The industry can be generally categorised into 2 majorgroupings, i.e.: long products & flat products, which are further
cascaded from up-stream to mid-stream & down-stream
players.

up-streamMID-stream
down-stream
The up-stream players are the steel millers who import raw
materials (iron ore, steel scraps and coking coal) as theirprimary inputs to produce hot-rolled coils (HRC), billets & slabs
for further processing by the mid-stream players (Rerollers).
At the time of writing, local flat product millers are out ofcommission, except for Eastern Steel which is contemplating
to restart their operation with a new foreign partner, whilst
the long product segment is currently dominated by a few
local and one foreign-owned miller (Alliance Steel), producing
steel rods & bars primarily catering to the local constructionindustry with very little export sales to boot.

36

The entry barrier into the up-stream steel making is extremely
high considering the amount of investment needed where it
can reach the tune of billions of Ringgit. It is rather a highly
capital intensive venture which would require many yearsof optimum capacity utilisation in order to achieve positive
Return on Investment (ROI).
Mid-stream players also need to invest hundreds of millions
Ringgit into their set-ups to process semi-finished steel
products for the down-stream market players, who in turnrequire a relatively lower capital investment to start theirbusiness operations of fabricating products for specific target
markets.
Given the above scenario, one could appreciate that the steel
industry is highly capital intensive which calls for maximum
support from both the authority and the financial institutions
to facilitate the players to strive and grow their businesses.
Iron and steel making is essentially a government policy driven
industry which is vital to national security and development of
the country to achieve a developed nation status.

W e a kn e s s e s of th e In du s try
S t re ngths of the I nd ustry
The down-stream players are quite fragmented in termsof manufacturing a diversity of final finished products
to meet market demand and requirement. Nonetheless,quite a number of these players have managed to
produce products that are sold both locally andabroad successfully. For instance, Malaysian-made airconditioning ducting systems and steel roller-shutters
are well-known export steel products in the Asian region.
Those manufacturing and fabricating companies are
the champions in their own rights in the niche markets
they are supplying to. These are the steel players who
demonstrate their strengths in the industry contributing
to the total export figures and earning foreign exchange
in the course of their business dealings.

As mentioned above, steelmaking is a hard business, notmeant for the faint-hearted, which needs not only financial
muscles but also the technical know-how and expertisein running the plant efficiently and successfully. Owing
to the long gestation period to recoup capital invested
and to yield reasonable profits to the shareholders, it isoften touted as a high risk endeavour by the financial
sector. As such, it is quite difficult to get full support frombankers and investors to put their bets on steel related
manufacturing, especially for the up-stream and midstream sectors.
The up-stream and mid-stream sectors have a combined
installed capacity that exceeds the total local steel demand,and coupled with cheap imports from neighbouring
countries which have inevitably created an over-supply
situation and a highly competitive market thus suppressing
selling prices – sometimes below production cost.

O p p o rt unities i n the Ind ustry
As mentioned earlier, there are pockets of niche products
catering for specific market requirement both locally andabroad that could be further developed to cover a bigger
global markets.
As a matter of fact, Malaysian consumption of steel per
capita is currently ranked behind Vietnam, Thailand,
Indonesia and the Philippines. We were ranked number
1 amongst ASEAN a decade or two ago. Opportunities
are abound for Malaysia to regain the premier position if
the present government continue to put in place positive
policies to support the industry and implementing theinfrastructure and industrial development as outlinedin the Eleventh Malaysia Plan, providing the roadmap
to achieve developed nation status by 2020. Likewise,
financial institutions and investors have to take a longer
perspective view of the industry which is used to thecyclical demand for steel products as well as fluctuatingoffer prices for feedstock material.

Energy tariff hikes plus the above-mentioned costs havefurther reduce the cost competitiveness of industries, which
are highly energy-reliant – like Iron & Steel, Rubber products
and chemical-based industries.
The cancellations and deferment of public projects by the
PH Government have dampened the outlook for construction
companies in the medium term, in view of the absenceof megaprojects in the pipeline to sustain contractors’
outstanding order books after the completion of their existing
projects. These include the KL-Singapore High Speed Rail
(HSR), East Coast Rail Link (ECRL), Merdeka PNB 118, the West
Coast Expressway, Damansara-Shah Alam Expressway, Sungai

Th re ats to th e In du s try
The prevailing drift between US and China threatening tariff
imposition on each other, if escalate into a full blown tradewar, would inevitably effect the exports from emerging
market (EM) economies, especially ASIAN countries
including Malaysia. The global supply chain could be exposed
to negatively due to the interconnected supply and revenue
chains, which would in turn be put the global economic
growth at risk potentially.
On the local scene, the recent announcement on NaturalGas hike for 3 years – Rm32.52/MMBtu for industrial usage
has contributed to the rising cost of doing business. Other
additional costs include:• Employee Insurance Scheme (EIS)• Duty Drawback Mechanism• Minimum wage
• Stringent Credit access, and• Levy/rehiring cost of foreign workers.

Besi-Ulu Kelang Expressway, East Klang Valley Expressway and
Setiawangsa-Pantai Expressway.
The Pan Borneo Highway in Sabah however, is expected toproceed as Pakatan Harapan government has given its assurance,
as stated in the coalition’s manifesto. Other megaprojects assuch MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya, Light Rail Transit(LRT) Bandar Utama-Klang (LRT3), Tun Razak Exchange, andGemas-Johor Baru double track will also proceed as planned.
With these new revelations, it is envisaged that construction
activities will be subdued and the ripple effect will hit thebuilding materials sector which include iron & steel productsthat constitute one of the key components in the building works.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 38
37

W h at n eed t o be done?

It is our prayer that the newly minted government could look
into the following areas to shore up the MISI and provide amore conducive environment and level playing field for theplayers to thrive and grow sustainably.
The various trade associations (FMM & MISIF) has voiced out
to the government to effect a moratorium on the energy tariffs
which include Natural Gas & Electricity which constitute asignificant portion of the input costs in running their production
plant.
The industrial players are also in the process of preparing
and submitting trade measure petitions to the Ministry ofInternational Trade & Industry for consideration to impose AntiDumping duties on certain dumped steel products which arejeopardising the survival of local manufacturers who are hardpressed to meet the cut-throat prices offered by importers ofcheap, dumped and often sub-standard substitute products.
Though trade measures are meant to be a short-term relief
for the local players, it is a necessary step towards the right
direction by the authority to help and allow the local industry
some time out to improve their competitiveness throughrestructuring and reinvestment of their business. The total sumof duties collected could be used to promote consolidationof the industry and also to conduct targeted research anddevelopment in order to enhance the product quality andsaleability of Malaysian produced steel products for local
and global markets. Enforcement agencies need to be morevigilant and empowered to check and issue bigger fine to38

errant suppliers of sub-standard material which contravene theConstruction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Act 520. On
this note, MITI agencies like Malaysia Steel Institute (MSI) could
be funded and equipped with the resources to carry out R&D
on specific products, collaborating with institutions of higher
learning, including SIRIM and at the same time be appointed as
an auditor to assist CIDB in surveillance work on construction
sites to ensure compliancy in supplying steel products to theconstruction sector.
In the long run, it is essential for the industry players toconsolidate through merger & acquisition (M&A) to combine
and synergise the inherent strengths of the partners (local& foreign) to be more competitive and resilient in facing off
global competition. Where necessary, the government could
help promote consolidation of the up-stream and mid-stream
players (local & foreign-owned companies) to achieve criticalmass and economies of scale to enhance efficiency andcompetitiveness in the global arena.
Taking a cue from the World Cup fever, if Malaysian team aspire
to play football at world stage level, we need to seriously
cultivate our talents at a young age. Likewise, our steel
industry needs proper “cultivation” to grow into a formidable
force to be reckoned with internationally. This leads us to thenext topic that concerns the development of talents throughvocational training such as TVET, which also needs someserious revamping, to equip young workers with the necessary
specific skill sets to meet industries requirement to enable aquantum leap into the next industrial revolution – to adopt
Industrial Revolution 4.0 – automation and mechanisation, andproductivity enhancement. This initiative could help reduce theover-dependency on hiring foreign workers and at the sametime enhancing the local talent’s skills and value, thus getting
them out of the low income situation.
The Government could also play a vital part in coercing andencouraging the players to merge by providing incentives,
grants and affordable demarcated industrial land to ease theburden of implementing such exercise successfully.
As for the demand, it is also the industry request for theauthorities managing foreign investors/contractors to purchaseat least 30% of local material for their project needs. This policyof Buy Malaysia First has already been approved by parliament
many years ago but unfortunately it was not implemented fully
due to lack of enforcement and political will.
When the present PH government is able to clean thesystemic corrupt practices and plug up the leakages arisingfrom poor governance and implement policies to protect the
local manufacturers from unfair competition, only then will
the construction as well as the building material industries
be poised to thrive for sustainable growth in their respective
businesses.

Let’s put our minds together to make Malaysian proud as world
beaters in steelmaking and fabrication of steel products. If
Vietnam, a war torn nation just 3 decades ago could evolve
into an emerging major supplier of steel products globally, why
can’t we?
The Malaysian Iron & Steel Industry is at a crossroad which
necessitate an industry structure & behaviour changes, identify
the game changer to effectively make a paradigm shift to stay
relevant and efficient in this ever challenging steel market withthe emergence of the likes of China and Vietnam, the countries
to match and beat at international level. Do we want to remain
as Jaguh Kampong (home ground champions) or World
beaters in this industry?
If Malaysians can effect change in our ruling government
after 6 decades through peaceful democratic process, we canalso change our approach to address the mess embedded in
the iron & steel industry, even when it may appear to meetoverwhelming roadblocks to achieve the impossible dream.
Doing nothing to change is not a viable option. If we do notundertake ourselves to change, we will soon be overtaken byothers who do.

39

MSI WITH YOU
Cou rtesy V isit to SI R I M QAS
On 18 January 2018, MSI paid a courtesy visit to SIRIM
QAS International Sdn Bhd. The main objective of
the visit is to gain knowledge on available testing
facilities at SIRIM QAS on Iron & Steel products.

Vis it to A l l ia n c e S te e l S dn B h d ( A SSB )On 25 January 2018, MSI together with MITI and MIDA
officer visit ASSB in MCKIP Kuantan, Pahang to understandits operations and progress of the project development.
Alliance Steel is currently under construction and wasdue to commence production in December 2017. To date,
Alliance Steel has not started its production.

Vis it t o E aster n SteelOn 25 January 2018, MSI together withMITI Pahang Director, Ms Amilia Suraya
Muhammad Arif visit Eastern SteelSdn Bhd to gain understanding on the
production/operations of the progress of
the reactivation plan.
The integrated plant will resume its
operation in May 2018 with capacity
700,000 metric40

Vis it to E mic o E n te rp ris e
On 29 January 2018, MSI Visit paid a courtesy visit
to Emico Enterprise at Malacca. Emico is a rebar,
steel roofing and building materials distributor andservice provider.

Vi s it t o CS C Steel Sd n Bhd
Courtesy visit to CSC Steel at Malacca on 29 January 2018 and discuss on
industry challenges with their new Managing Director, Mr Ivan.

C our tesy Vis it to S u du t
Swasta G rou p
On 8 February 2018, MSI paid a courtesy visit to
Sudut Swasta Group. They share implementation ofIndustry 4.0 on the usage of steel bar requirement for
construction/infrastructure projects adoption which
result in efficiency, safety and cost saving

MITI DAY 2018MITI Day 2018 was held on 26 February
2018 by bringing #MyServices4ward and#mitiday. This is the fourth time after the
first event held on 17 October 2016 at
Menara MITI, followed on 6 May 2017 in
Meru, Ipoh and 19 November 2017 in Kota
Bharu, Kelantan. Focusing on the successof the Service Sector in Malaysia, the MITI
Day 2018, an open-minded and peoplefriendly program, is aimed at raising publicawareness about MITI's roles and functions
as well as all agencies under MITI.

B re a kfa st
w ith Ta n Sr i
A l b e rt
On 23 February 2018, Mr Jarrod Lim, CEO of MSI had earlymorning breakfast session and meeting with Tan Sri Albert
on MSI board and administration matters.

41

M S MDA 20 1 8 C hinese New
Y e ar O p en House
Malaysia
Steel
and
Metal
Distributors’ Association (MSMDA)
held their 2018 Chinese New Year
Open House in Bukit Jalil Golf
and Country Club on 28 February
2018. This joyful event was madeevent merrier with the Lion Dance
performance.

Vis it t o B ahr u Stainless
MSI visited Bahru Stainless at Tg. Langsat, Johoron 1 March 2018 to discuss industrial matters,
HR development programs and factory visit.
The visit is ended with a dinner together with
Mr. Wolfe (Bahru) and Mr Kevin (Kiswire).

42

C ou rte sy Vis it to Kis w ire
MSI paid a courtesy visit to Kiswire Sdn Bhd in Johor
Bahru. Places visited include Kota Kiswire (R&D centre),
Kiswire Cord factory (producer of steel bead for tyre)and Kiswire Neptune factory (producer of oil and gas
cables). Discussion were made on challenges to export
products to Indonesia and they requested MSI to share
more information on related Government mega projects
such as ECRL, etc.

C NY D inner with YBM 2
In conjunction with Chinese New
Year, Minister II of Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry
invited MSI to have a dinner session
with all Chinese from MITI &Agencies on 6 March 2018.

M ITI & A ge n c ie s N e tw orki n g f o r
C h in e s e N e w Ye a r 2018
On 6 March 2018, MITI & Agencies held a networking
session in conjunction with the Chinese New Yearcelebration. This annual event aims to strengthen
the relation between MITI and agencies with its
stakeholders and the industries.

F M HMB A Ch inese New Year D inne r
On 9 March 2018, MSI was invited to attend The Federationof Malaysia Hardware, Machinery & Building Materials Dealers'
Association (FMHMBA) Chinese New Year Gathering Dinner2018 at the Noble Banquet.

B MDAM Chinese New
Y ear Din ner
Building Material Distributors’
Association Malaysia (BMDAM)
Chinese New Year dinner 2018
was held on 16 March 2018 at the
Copper Mansion Restaurant, PJ.
200 persons attended this event.

43

Vis it S oon H in H a rdwa re
S dn . B h d. @ Ip oh
MSI paid a visit to Soon Hin Hardware Sdn. Bhd. at
Ipoh on 22 March 2018. They are one of the main
dealers for hardware materials with wide range of
products including Universal Beams, Columns, Sheetpiles, Bars, stainless steel plates, API Pipes etc.

M alacca FMHMBA 78th Annual
a nd Ch arit y D inner
On 10 March 2018, MSI was invited to attend
Malacca Hardware, Machinery & Building Materials
Dealers' Association (FMHMBA) Chinese New Year
Gathering Dinner 2018 in Malacca.

h A N DOVE R c ON TRIB U TION TO j p k
MSI contributed one soup cooker and 5 portablespeakers to Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran(JPK) for their lucky draw prizes. The handover
was done on 5th April 2018 to the representativefrom JPK.

Cou rtesy VI SIT TO MSMDA
Mr. Lai Leong Chon (left) and Mr. Jarrod Lim (right)
from MSI visited Malaysia Steel and Metal Distributors
Association (MSMDA) new office located at Seri
Kembangan on the 12th April 2018. The official launch of
the new premise will be on the 3rd August 2018.

44

Vis it to S. P. U n ite d
In du s try S dn . B h dAnother MSI ‘Turung Padang visit’ was held on the sameday, MSI visited another sub company of Kentzu Group.

Vi s it to K anz en Tetsu Sd n Bhd
MSI representatives, Mr. Jarrod Lim and Mr. Lai Leong
Chon visited the Kanzen Tetsu Sdn. Bhd. One of
Kentzu Group sub company at Nilai on 12th April 2018.

S.P. United Industry Sdn. Bhd. produce several fitting
products such as stainless steel elbow, stainless steel
reducer and stainless steel straight tee. Approximately
95% of their products were exported to Japan, Canada,
USA, Europe and ASEAN countries.

The MSI ‘Turun Padang Visit’ is to touch base with
the MSI Members and to understand their operations
better. Kanzen Tetsu is one of the regional leader
in producing stainless steel pipe for industrial,commercial and residential applications using stateof-the-art manufacturing technology.

M alam MITIThe Excellent Service Award (APC) 2017 and MITI Night 2018 was organizedby the MITI Club in collaboration with the MITI Human Resources Division.
Over 500 people attended the event including MITI members, agencies
and Guest of Honours such as YB Dato' Sri Mustapa Mohamed, Ministerof MITI, YB Datuk Seri Ahmad Maslan, Deputy Minister (Industry) MITI
and Y. Bhg. Datuk Seri J.Jayasiri, Secretary-General of MITI. YB Dato' Sri
Mustapa Mohamed congratulated the APC 2017 recipient and thanked thepensioners for their long service andM r Lee G u aan-Jyh v i sited MSI
On the 23rd April 2018, MSI received a special visit from the
Ministry of Economic Affairs – Mr. Lee Guaan-Jyh, Deputy
Director General of Bureau of Foreign Trade.

45

CS R w ith Yayas an Sunbeams HomeMSI conducted its first 2018 Community Care Campaign in collaboration with Ann Joo Resources Berhad at Yayasan Sunbeams
Home, an orphanage centre located in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. With the contributions from MSI members and staff, the MSI
Community Care campaign managed to distribute cooking oil, rice, beverages, sugar, tea, powdered milk and more. MSI willcontinue to collaborate with the key industry players to fully support the growth and well-being of the local community
through the MSI Community Care campaigns.

M S I N ew As s o c iate Member
Big Bob Trading (M) Sdn Bhd
On 31st May 2018, MSI would like to welcome our new
MSI Associate Member, Big Bob Trading (M) Sdn Bhd.
The company registered as a member on the 28th ofMarch 2018.
MSI CEO Mr. Jarrod Lim paid a courtesy visit to Big
Bob office located in Mont Kiara and presented the MSI
member plaque and certificate to Mr. Gana.

C S R C om mu n ity C a re ac tivity
to B u ddh is t Ma h a Vih a ra
MSI organized the 2nd CSR Community Care Program on
the 24th of May 2018 at the Buddhist Institute of Sunday
Dhamma School (BIDS), Buddhist Maha Vihara located in
Brickfield. MSI was represented by Mr. Jarrod Lim, who
handed the cash contributions and vouchers to the school
representative.
Currently, the school is under renovation for expansion toaccommodate more students and volunteers and to provide
better facilities. The construction of the school will include
meditation pavilion and the installation of passenger lifts
for the elderly and disabled students to attend classes.
The donation was given by Malaysia Steel Works Sdn Bhd(MASTEEL), Established Metal Industries Sdn Bhd (EMI)and MSI Staff.

46

M a j lis Ik rar
B e b as Ras u ah
( Co r ru p t ion -F r ee
A c t i o n P ledg e)
The Corruption-Free Action Pledge isan initiative made by the MalaysianAnti-Corruption Commission (MACC)
in order to emphasize and enhance
the commitment to avoid the abuseof power, particularly in corruptions.
MACC was represented by Mr. Mohamad
Tarmize Bin Abdul Manaf, Ketua Seksyen
Perancangan dan Tugas-tugas Khas,
Bahagian Pendidikan Masyarakat.
Malaysia Steel Institute (MSI) took thesame step to affirm the commitment infighting corruption and abuse of powerin the overall daily operations andmanagement. Datuk Seri J. Jayasiri of
MITI witnessed the event which was heldon the 17th of May 2018 at Menara MITI,
Kuala Lumpur.
Several MSI board members attended
the event which include the Chairmanof MSI, Datin K. Talagavathi, Dato’ Dr. Ir.
Andy Yeo and Dato’ Soh Thian Lai.

47

M S I W elco mes New MI TI Managemen t
SECRETARY GENERAL
Y. Bhg. Datuk Isham bin Ishak

DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL (TRADE)
Y. Bhg. Datuk Norazman bin Ayob

DEPUTY MINISTERY.B DR. ONG KIAN MINGMINISTERY.B IGNATIUSDARELL LEIKING

DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL (INDUSTRY)
Y. Bhg. Da n Talagavathi A/P Karapayah

H a p py Re tire me n t
Datu k S e ri J. J aya s i r i !
Datuk Seri J. Jayasiri has finally called
it a day after serving MITI for 37 years
as the Secretary General. Datuk Seri’s
success, dedication and passion towards
his job serves as an aspiration to all of
us at MSI.
We will definitely miss your amazing
charisma, resourcefulness and the roleof a true leader in MITI. Wishing you alife full of success and happiness!
48

MSI BRIDGING GAPSM I T I B rains to r ming 2018MITI Brainstroming 2018 was held on 14-15 January 2018 at
Sime Darby Convention Center and Dewan Perdana, MITI.
The participants comprising top management from the
MITI family as well as younger officers discussed on theway forward for 2018 which covered programs, strategies,
targets, focus areas and activities. A total of 36 outcomes
were generated as a result of the 2-day program.

49

ASEAN-JAPAN Publi c a n d Private C ol l a b orative S e m in a r
ASEAN-JAPAN Public and Private Collaborative Seminar was held on 23-24 January 2018 at
Gingkanya I Ballroom, the Four Wings Hotel Bangkok, Thailand. The objectives of this seminar were:• To enhance the cooperation of energy saving and environmental protection of ASEAN andJapanese steel industry by transferring advanced technology for energy saving and environmental
protection, and by expanding the use of an energy management approaches based on ISO 14404.
• To share information on technological and financial options for energy saving action.

Meet ing on R equest to Mai n ta in
Natu ral Gas and Elec tr ic ity Ta riff
On 24 January 2018, the second meeting to discuss on the
feedback received from request to maintain natural gas
and electricity tariff has been held at MITI. Objective of thismeeting was for MSI to gather more information to support
government regarding the industry request on maintaining
natural gas price and electricity tariff.

H a n dove r Me m b e rs h ip Pl aqu e toKis w ire C ord S dn B h d
As a token of appreciation, MSI handover the Membership
Plaque to our newly joined member, Kiswire Cord Sdn
Bhd on 24 January 2018. The membership plaque
was received by Mr Zainudin Abd Hamid, Director of
Corporate Communication. MSI wished a continuous
support and cooperation from all members for asustainable iron and steel industry.

50

M A T RADE Ex p or t Day 2018
Export Day 2018 which is an annual
program of MATRADE and is also one of the
programs organized in conjunction with theestablishment of the 25th year of MATRADE
in 2018. To support the program, MSI as oneof agencies under Ministry of International
Trade and Industry also involved in opening
the information counter during the programon 30 January 2018.

PW C on E n e rgy C on s u mp tion for E A F
On 22 February 2018, MSI had ameeting with Price Water Cooper(PWC) to discuss on sustainable steel
production using EAF in Malaysia.

Kuwait 57 th Nati onal Day and2 7 t h Lib erati on Day
This event was held at JW Marriot Hotel on 26
February 2018. Over 1,000 guests were served witha variety of Arabic and local delicacies including
mandy rice, shawarma (kebab) and sweets.

J PK & M S I Fin a l is in g N OS S
De ve l op m e n t C on trac t
On 6 March 2018, JPK and MSI finalized
NOSS development on Hot Roll (steel)Level 1-5 for 2018 at Cyberjaya.

51

In te rvie w by M e trix Re s e a rch
Metrix Research interviewed MSI to obtain
perception and awareness towards MyHSR
Corp's project communication effectiveness.

TPS Ou tre ac h Progra m
An outreach program with the theme ‘Trump, Me & Trade
Remedies’ was held on 29 March 2018 to enhance knowledgeof the WTO disciplines regarding trade remedies and thepractical aspects of imposition of these trade remedy
measures. This outreach was hosted by Human Resource
Division. The speaker were Mr Subash Bose Pillai from MSI
and Mr Rashidi Said from Trade Practice Section, MITI.

S tat u s U p dateB riefin g to MITI by
A l liance S teel (M)S d n B hd
The briefing session to MITI led by Mr. Steve Hu, Deputy
Project Commander of Alliance Steel was held on the 5th
April 2018 at MITI. The session chaired by TKSU (I), Datin K.
Talagavathi. In the briefing, Mr. Steve Hu stated that Alliance
Steel will follow the original production plan as approved by
the Manufacturing License.

52

I N V ES T K L AN NUAL NETWOR KI NG WI TH
B rie fin g S e s s ion for E a s te rn S t e e l
O U R MINIS T ERS 2018 - “I MPAC TI NG L IVE S S dn . B h d. w ith MITI & MIDAT H RO U G H IN NOVATI ON”

On 29 March 2018, InvestKL Annual Ministerial Event 2018
was addressed by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun
Razak at the Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition
Center (MITEC). InvestKL Corporation Sdn Bhd (InvestKL),
a government agency aims at drawing foreign investment,
is on track to attract 100 multinational companies (MNCs)
by 2020.

On the 5th April 2018, MSI attended an interview session
with Eastern Steel Sdn. Bhd. (ESSB) for the company’s
application of expatriates for their revival plan with MITI and
MIDA. The session was organised by MYXpats Centre (Talent
Corporation).

N at io n al S u p ply C hai n C onf er ence on Ra il Proj e c t & C a re e r Fa ir 2018
National Supply Chain Conference on
Rail Project & Career Fair 2018 was heldon the 11th April 2018 at PWTC. The
main objectives of the conference are:
1. To showcase the National Rail Industry
Roadmap;
2. To highlight on the socio-economic
development from the projects andthe benefits to local industry players
and people;
3. To provide job opportunities to fresh
graduates & job seekers.

53

Study trip to China S t eel C o rp o rat io n (C S C ), Taiwa nv i s i t cs c
fac t ory

Technical visit to CSC Iron & Steel R&D
Department (under the technology unit of CSC)
which is responsible for the development of new
products and technology as well as diagnosesof the system. The overall R&D department at
CSC has approximately over 300 researchers.

Briefing of the overall factory operations byrepresentative from CSC, followed by thetechnical site visit to the CSC blast furnace plant.

Mr. Jarrod Lim, CEO of MSI standing
next to the first production of hot
rod coiled at CSC.

Overview briefing of the factoryby Mr. Max M. Ju, Manager, Foreign
Marketing Research Section

Mr Jarrod Lim, CEO of MSI with
Mr. Max M. Ju, Manager, Foreign
Marketing Research Sectionv i sit yieh ph u i e n te rp ris e c o. ltd
Yieh Phui engaged primarily in manufacturing, processing and distribution of steel products
primarily in 128 countries including to China, Southeast Asia, Middle East, USA, Canada, Europe,
Australia and others. Yieh Phui Enterprise main products include pickled steel coils, cold-rolled
steel coils, galvanised steel coils, pre-painted steel coils, flat rolled steel coils, steel pipes, steel
structures and other coil processing products with the utilization ratio of 90 percent.
Currently Yieh Phui own four continuous hot-dip galvanizing lines, three continuous coil coating
lies, four cold-rolling mills and two pickling lines.

meeting with the taiwan's iron & steel representative from industry & goverment
MSI, represented by Mr. Jarrod Lim visited the Taiwanese Iron & Steel Associations, Agencies and Government Institution to
exchange views and opinions, to explore on the technology advancements, innovations and business models in Taiwan’s Iron
& Steel Industry.

l e e g u am-jy halex c. c. she nchang shui chuns te ve n c h a n g

Deputy Director Generalof Bureau of Foreign Trade
Ministry of Economic Affairs

Secretary General of
Taiwan Steel & Iron
Industries Association(TSIIA)

President of International
Steel Management
Society of Kaohsiung

Section Chief / Metal andMechanical Industries Division ofIndustrial Development Bureau,
Ministry of Economic Affairs54M e e tin g w ith On e B e lt
On e Roa d A s s oc iation
MITI BRI National Secretariat and MSI attended a meetingon the 6th April 2018 with One Belt One Road Association
Malaysia to discuss on the long term plan to increase thesteel local contents in all BRI related projects

P l a nt vis it t o Amsteel R olli ng M il l s
On 14th May 2018, MSI visited the Amsteel Rolling Mills
Plant located to Bukit Raja, Selangor to understandthe rolling (hot-rolled) process for the National
Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS) development. MSI
was accompanied by Mr. Abu Musa bin Mohamad Isa,facilitator from Precious Galaxy.

Vis it to S IRIM Ra s a for
In du c tion Fu rn ac e S tu dy
MSI conducted a study visit at SIRIM Rasa at Kawasan
Perindustrian Rasa, Selangor on 15th May 2018 to understandthe overall operation of Induction Furnace. Apart from MSI,
there were also several representatives from SIRIM, DOSH,
MIDA and CIDB.

M e syu arat P enyelar asan Ind ustry
L e a d B ody (ILB) 2018
Mesyuarat Penyelarasan Industry Lead Body (ILB) 2018 washeld at JPK Cyberjaya on 24th May 2018. The meeting waschaired by Tn Hj Shamsudin bin Jamil, Director of “Bahagian
Kerjasama Strategik” to follow up with the progress of all
ILB projects such as:• Occupational Framework (OF);• National Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS);• Pengiktirafan Pencapaian Terdahulu (PPT) promotion; and• myPPT.
MSI target to obtain 30 PPT certification in 2018. PPT
promotion will be at two location, central region (Klang
valley) and Northern Region.

55

S t udy Vis it to C hi na
Malaysia Steel Institute organised a study trip to China on
6-8 June 2018. The main objective of the trip is to gather
information and compilation of research for the MSI ‘Studyof Operational Safety of Induction Furnace Machinery for
Steel Making in Malaysia’. The 4-day trip was attended by
Mr. Jarrod Lim, CEO, Mr. Lai Leong Chon, Senior Manager of
Economic Research and Mr. Mohd Akhir Yeop Kamaruddin,
technical expert, appointed by MSI to assist with the study.

Re s earch Insti tute: C hina
E as t ern Iron and SteelRe s earch Insti tute (C ISR I )On the 6th June 2018, MSI had a fruitful meeting with theVice President (Technical) of China Eastern Iron and Steel
Research Institute (CISRI), Mr. Wang Qian at CISRI office inShanghai. Founded in 1952, CISRI is the largest and mostcomprehensive R&D institution in the China’s metallurgicalindustry. CISRI is China’s new metal material research anddevelopment base, metallurgical industry major key andcommon innovation base.

D e sig n Ins titute: MC C Huatian En gin e e rin g & Te c h n ol ogy
C o r p orat ion , Nanjing
On the 8th June 2018, MSI paid a courtesy visit to MCC HuatianInformation Hall to study about the company’s background,organisational structure, company’s mission & vision, area of expertiseand the overall success stories. MCC Huatian Engineering & Technology
Corporation provides construction and engineering services to steel
industry. The company was founded in 2004 and is headquartered in
Nanjing under Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd. Group56

2 0 18 S EAIS I
C o nferen ce & Exhibition
With the theme “ASEAN Steel Industry – Next Leapof Transformation”, this year SEAISI Conference& Exhibition was held at The Ritz-Carlton Jakarta,
Mega Kuningan, Indonesia on 25-28 June 2018. Thisconference provides a premium networking platform
for face-to-face discussion with more than 500 key
industry players from ASEAN and around the world
who represent the entire iron and steel supply chain.

I BS Adop tion andR eg u laris ation
D ialo g u e 2 018
On 26 June 2018, MSI was invitedtoattendIBS
AdoptionandRegularisation Dialogue 2018. This
event was organised by MIDA and
CIDB to discuss on the use of IBS in
Malaysia as well as to act as a platform
for IBS stakeholders to meet and to
discuss on the issue.

S ite Vis it to Kin g H on g, S a rawa k
Representatives from MSI visited King Hong Steel Sdn
Bhd in Kuching, Sarawak on 27 and 28 June 2018 for the
induction furnace study. King Hong Steel Sdn Bhd is the only
steelmaker in Sarawak that uses induction furnace to produce
long products (rebars and round bars).

57

MSI TrU
H R DF dis cu s s ion wi th Ir on &St e el In du s t ry Player s andH e l p U n ivers i ty
MSI conducted a meeting with seven steel
companies which includes Ann Joo Management
Services Sdn Bhd, Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd, YKGIGroup, Tatt Giap Steel Centre Sdn Bhd, FIW Steel Sdn Bhd, CSC Steel Sdn
Bhd and Melewar Industrial Group Berhad. The objective of the meetingis to get their inputs on the proposal ‘to apply for the HRDF Grant underthe HRDF 30% consolidated fund’. MSI planned to utilise the funding byconducting program for Iron and Steel Industry. As of now,N OS S W orks h op
MSI and JPK successfully organised the NOSS Development Workshop on Rolling Mills– Hot Rolling from 29 June to 1 July 2018 at Eastin Hotel Kuala Lumpur. The three-day
workshop was attended by 16 panel members from 5 organisations including from Ann
Joo Berhad, Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd, Masteel (KL) Berhad, Steel industries (Sabah) Sdn
Bhd and Southern Steel Berhad.

M e e t ing CEDR
Co r p orat e
Co n su lting S dn Bhd
Malaysia Steel Institute(MSI) had a meeting
with
CEDR
Corporate
Consulting,awellestablished training andconsultation company in
Malaysia. The objectiveof the meeting was toexplore the opportunity
for collaborations between
two parties in conducting
trainings to the Malaysia
iron and steel industry.

58

NOSS is a document that outlines the dexterity (ability) required of an employee working
in Malaysia at a certain level of employment to achieve specific skills. It can also be used
as certification program for workers competencies. The main features of NOSS are it iscareer-based, followed the career structure of a given field and prepared by a pool ofindustry experts and skilled workers who carry out the job. 4 NOSS done so far as follows:• Occupational Analysis for I&S Industry (2015)• Forming (2016) – Level 1-5• Steel Melt Shop (2017) – Level 2-5• Steel Hot Rolling Mills (ongoing) – Level 2-5

59

List of Events andActivities 2018
12th International Exhibition and
Conference on Minerals, Metals,
Metallurgy & Materials
Date: 29 - 31 August, 2018
Venue: Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India
Contact person:
Sandeep Arora - sandeep.arora@itei.in

13th MISIF Conference on Status
and Outlook of the Malaysian Iron
and Steel Industry
Date: 27 September 2018
Venue: Dorsett Grand Subang Hotel,
Subang Jaya, Selangor
Contact person:
Ms. Norlian Mohamed Najib - 03-5513 3970

North American Steel Conference
Date: 1-3 October 2018
Venue: Chicago, USA
Contact person:
Sarah Wills - sarah.wills@crugroup.com

3rd SE Asia Steel Conference
Date: 11- 12 October 2018
Venue: Bangkok, Thailand
Contact person:
Ms.Olesia Kosenkoo.kosenko@metalexpert-group.com

We Welcome Comments and Feedback
Tel: 03 6208 4657 | Fax: 03 6211 2445 | E: Syakirah@malaysiasteelinstitute.com

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