SIWB-03

SEforALL(Sustainable Energy for All)International workshop in Japanon Energy Efficient Building

Energy Conservation Guidelines
for Buildings of the Energy Conservation Act- Current State and Issues of the Benchmark February 15, 2017
Mr. Ryozo Sato, General Manager,

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
SE4ALL Energy Efficiency Facilitating Hub

Table of Contents
1.Introduction

3
4
5
6

1.1 History of Energy Conservation Act in Japan
1.2 Current State of Energy Conservation Activities
1.3 Latest Main Energy Conservation Policies Promoted by the Government

2. Energy Conservation (EC) Act and EC Guideline

7
8
9
10
12

2.1 Structure of the EC Act in Japan
2.2 Measures pertaining to factories, etc. (including buildings)
2.3 Appoint Energy Manager
2.4 EC Guideline (Operation phase for building)

3. Benchmark System in Japan

13
14
16

3.1 What is the Benchmark System in Japan
3.2 Background of introduction of the benchmark system
3.3 Present Situation of Compliance with the EC Guideline by the DesignatedEnergy Management factories
3.4 Business types introducing the benchmark system
3.5 Policy on the Benchmark System for Future Expansion of their Coverage

17
19
20

4. Benchmark system for the building sector

21
22
24
25

4.1 Introduction of Benchmark system for the building sector
4.2 Study for introducing the benchmark system in the building sector
4.3 Study for introducing the benchmark system in the building sector

5. The new assessment of Designated Business Operators
5.1 The Flow of Follow-up to Specified Business Operators
5.2 Assessment of designated business operators

35
36
37

6. Suggestions Obtained from Experiences in Japan38
2

1. Introduction31.1 History of Energy Conservation Act in Japan
Transition of Energy Conservation Act
Factories

Transportation

Workplaces

Residences andbuildings

1947 Heat Management Act establishment (Coal and fuel oil)
Established in
response to the oilcrises1979 Energy Conservation Act establishment● Establishment of designated energy (heat and electricity) management factories● Establishment of Energy Conservation Guideline in the residence and building fields,
and in the machinery and equipment fields

1983 Energy Conservation Act revision● Introduction of examination for a qualified
energy manager’s license

1993 Energy Conservation Act revision● Establishment of Basic Policy● Introduction of periodical reporting system

1998 Energy Conservation Act revision● Expansion of designated energy
management factories

2005 Energy Conservation Act revision● Introduction of unified management of heatand electricity

1993 Energy Conservation Act
revision

Effort targets of 1% or greater
annual average improvement in
intensity● Change to include instructions andannouncements as subjects for new
construction and renovation of specified
buildings excluding residences

1998 Energy Conservation Act revision● Introduction of Top Runner Program to machinery and equipment and automobiles[Consumer sector measure (product stipulations), transportation sector measure (fuelconsumption stipulations)2002 Energy Conservation Act
revision● Introduction of periodical reporting
system for building sector (workplaces)

2005 Energy Conservation Act revision● Expansion of stipulation subjects tocover transportation sector

2008 Energy Conservation Act revision● Introduction of business operator units (Change to target franchise chain
stipulations)● Introduction of benchmark system in each sector [Industrial sector
measure]Level to be aimed at in medium and longterms (benchmark) in specified
businesses and fields was established2013 Energy Conservation Act revision

2002 Energy Conservation Act
revision● Change to obligation to submit energy
conservation measures for specified
buildings excluding residences

2005 Energy Conservation Act
revision● Addition of residence to specified
buildings● Addition of large-scale repairs, etc.

2008 Energy Conservation Act
revision● Enhancement of stipulations for
specified buildings (Type 1: Addition of order,
Type 2: Addition of recommendation)● Addition of performance improvements
and effort obligations for residential
construction clients● User electricity peak demand measures● Introduction of Top Runner Program to building materials [Consumer sector measure]

Futureprogress

Review and expansion of benchmark
system by sector [Factories, workplaces]

2015 Obligation of buildings to comply
with energy conservation standard[Residences, buildings]* Implemented from large-scale residences stepby step4

1.2 Current State of Energy Conservation Activities● In the industry sector, part of the industry is inactive.
● In the building sector, energy was smoothly reduced, but there are opinions saying that there is no moreroom for improvement as a result of activities after the Great Earthquake.

Change of intensity(Assuming the level in FY1999 to be 100)

Intensity improvement isinactive in the industry sector
as a whole.

Pulp, paper, paper processing
products manufacture

Chemical industry
Oil, coal products manufacture
Ceramic, soil and stone products
manufacture
Iron steel manufacture
Electricity businessIndustry sector as a whole
Commercial sector as a whole

Business limitation ofType 1 designatedfactories was abolished.
Establishment of Type 2
designated factories
FY1999 FY2000

FY2001

Total management of heat and electricity(Target changed from 1,500 kl or moreeach to 1,500 kl or more in total)

FY2002

FY2003

FY2004

FY2005In the building sector as awhole, intensity improvement
was accelerated after the
Earthquake, and there is no
more room for improvement in
the future.

Shift to regulation bybusiness operator(Re-designation)

FY2006 FY2007

FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011 FY20125

1.3 Latest Main Energy Conservation Policies
Promoted by the Government
For Enhancement of energy conservation policies
by expanding its coverage
1) “Assessment of business operators based on classifi-cationaccording to their energy conservation activities”
2) “Introduction of benchmark system in building sector” as
EC Guideline”
3) “Expansion of definition of energy in the Energy Conservation
Act”
4) “Act revision based on electricity deregulation”

6

2. Energy Conservation (EC) Act and EC Guideline72.1 Structure of the EC Act in Japan
Measures pertaining
to factories, etc.
Act on the Rational
Use of Energy

including regulations relatingbuilding energy use(Operation Phase)

Measures pertaining
to transportation
Measures pertaining
to machinery andequipment

Act on the
Improvement ofEnergy Efficiency
Performance of
Building

Measures pertaining
to buildings(Design Phase)

Note: Presented yesterday’s
lecture.

8

2.2 Measures pertaining to factories, etc. (including buildings)- Operation Phase Annual energy
consumption

1,500 kL or more

Less than 1,500 kL

Matters to beobserved

Implement the EC measures specified by the EC Guideline
in operation phase

TargetReduction efforts of energy intensity by 1%
in annual average in mid-long term

Classification

Obligation

Check by thegovernment

Specified business operator-

Submit periodical report-

Submit mid-long term plan-

Appoint Energy Management Control Officer
and Energy Management Planning Promoter-

Yes (described later)-

Energy Management Control Officer :Person who can execute company-wide energy management (e.g. Executive class)
Energy Management Planning Promoter:
Person who supports Energy Management Control Officer92.3 Appoint Energy Manager”Energy Manager” is a key person to promote EC.
Government (METI) and EC Act
Submission of periodical reportand mid-long term EC plan

Authorization of Energy Manager

Specified business operator
Top Management

Advising on;• Improvement planof EE equipment• Management of
EE&C organization
Practical guideline to support
Energy management- EC Guidelines- Energy Management Manual- Numerical target of major energy
intensity equipment- Making Periodical Report and Mid-long
Term plan- Keeping the energy consuming facilities insound condition- Carrying out “Energy Audit”
Energy Manager
・Instruction

・Technical advice

Engineers(Middle Management)

102.4 EC Guideline (Operation phase for building) The EC Guidelines are specified and released as the notification by METI based on the
EC Act.
 EC Guidelines consist of the norms (standard) portion and the target portion.
Elements that lead to the creation of the Energy Management Manual (EM manual)
exist in the Norms portion.

Standard value and practices
for the rational use of energy

Norms
EC
Guidelines* Management items to overlook a whole factory orbuilding* EM Manuals for significant energy consuming
equipment* Standard value for optimal operation* Thorough management of energy use

Target measures to be taken systematicallyfor the rational use of energy

Targets* Target of Energy intensity, Benchmark* Development of mid-long term plan
* Target value for more advance operation(e.g.) reduce energy intensity by an annual
average of 1% or more in a mid-long term.
112.4 EC Guideline (Operation phase for building)
8 Categories concerning the rational use of energy in buildings,
etc. which are used exclusively as offices or similar use

4 management Items(1) Matters concerning air conditioning facilities andventilation facilities.

(1) Management(2) Matters concerning boiler facilities and hot watersupply facilities.
(3) Matters concerning lighting facilities, elevators andmotive power facilities.
(4) Matters concerning electricity receiving andtransformation facilities and BEMS.
(5) Matters concerning exclusive power generation
facilities and cogeneration facilities.
(6) Matters concerning office equipment and consumer(2) Measurement andrecordproducts.
(7) Matters concerning commercial equipment.
(8) Other matters concerning rational use of energy.

(3) Maintenance andinspection(4) Measures for new
installation(1), (2) and (3) requirepreparation ofmanagement manuals.

12

3. Benchmark System in Japan

13

3.1 What is the Benchmark System in Japan
 Benchmark indices can compare the progress and level of energy
conservation among business operators in specific business field.
 Benchmark Indices enable fair assessment of energy conservation
efforts of business operators. By clarifying if their energy
conservation level is more advanced than those of others or not,you can appreciate business operators with excellent performancein energy conservation and encourages further efforts of business
operators with lower performance.
 The level to be targeted at is the one that business operators withhigh level performance (approx. top 10 to 20%) can satisfy in eachspecific business field.

14

Three elements necessary for the establishmentof the benchmark system

3 elements necessary for the establishment of the benchmark system(1) Business(2) Benchmark index

Business types consumingenergy with the same or avery similar method are set.

Assessment indices are set
commonly for target business
operators, considering thespecialties of the target business.

(3) Level to be aimed at
High level to be achieved bytarget business operators in
medium and long terms (top
10% to 20% of target businesstypes) is set.

Business

Benchmark index

Level to be aimed at

Steel industry by blast
furnaces

Energy consumption (kl) /Crude steel volume (t)0.531 kl/t or less15

3.2 Background of introduction of the benchmark system● It became difficult to continue decreasing the energy consumption intensity by 1% or more in yearly
average.
● Superior business operators who had already achieved considerable energy conservation are notappropriately assessed because it became difficult for them to achieve 1% decrease.
Benchmark system started to be studied as a new assessment index.

2008: Benchmark system stated to be studied

Benchmark system assesses energy conservation of business
operators by using indices common to the business types. Under
the benchmark system, business operators endeavor to achieve thetarget (level to be aimed at) to realize energy conservation.

2009: Committee for studying benchmark system
2009-2010: Industry sector
Benchmark system was introduced.
< Introduction to thebuilding sector also
started>6 business types werechosen because theirenergy consumption andconcentration are great.
(1) Convenience store(2) Hotel (3) Department
store (4) Lease office(5) Supermarket(6) Shopping center

2014: Benchmark system for the building sector started to be studied
on a full-scale at the committee for studying assessment system for energy
conservation of the building sector
August, 2015: At the summary of Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Subcommittee, it was decided that “a benchmark system for thebuilding sector should be established”.
November, 2015: Prime Minister Mr. Abe instructed to expand thebenchmark target business in the building sector.
April, 2016: Benchmark system was introduced to theconvenience store business.
* Introduced as the first business from the building sector

163.3 Present Situation of Compliance with the EC Guidelineby the Designated Energy Management factories
With regards to preparation and implementation of Energy Management Manuals (preparation ofmanuals such as operation management, measurement, maintenance, etc. to be made in light ofenergy conservation), the compliance ratio of type 1 designated energy management factories, etc. ishigher than that of type 2 designated energy management factories, etc.
Studying the ratio on each each equipment, there are some cases of relatively low compliance ratio
even if they belong to the ones of type 1 designated energy management factories, etc. (for example:
recovery of exhaust heat, prevention of heat loss, lighting equipment, etc.)
Setting of Energy Management Manuals(Standard concerning office buildings, etc. is applied)
Target items of Energy Conservation Guideline offactories, etc. (equipment)(1) Air conditioner, ventilator(2) Boiler, water heater(3) Lighting, elevator, motive power

Type 1

Type 2

Setting of Energy Management Manuals(Standard concerning factories, etc. is applied)
Target items of Energy Conservation Guideline offactories, etc. (equipment)(2-1) Heater, etc.
(2-2) Air conditioner, water heater(4) Electricity transformer(5) Power generator, co-generation equipment(4-2) Co-generation equipment(7) Commercial equipment

Type 2(1) Rationalization of combustion of fuel(3) Recovery of waste heat(4-1) Dedicated power generator(6) Office equipment, consumer equipment

Type 1(5-1) Prevention of heat loss
(5-2) Prevention of electricity loss
(6-1) Electric power application equipment, electric heater, etc.
(6-2) Lighting equipment, elevator, officeequipment, consumer equipment

17

Achievement of yearly average 1% improvement
Number of business operators by the average yearly change ratio of energy consumption intensity in the last 5 years.
Business operators who achieve energy consumption intensity improvement of yearly average 1% are approx. 2/3.
Energyconsumption
intensity average
yearly change ratio

Number ofapplicablebusiness
operators(Ratio *1)

Of them, numberof business
operators who
continuously
decreased intensityfor 3 years

Of them, number ofbusiness operators
who continuously
decreased intensity
for 4 years

Of them, number ofbusiness operators
who continuously
decreased intensityfor 5 years

Ranking of business types on share(%) of number ofbusiness operators who continuously decreased
intensity for 3. Top 10 business types *2 (Number in( ) is the number of applicable business operators)

13
23
44
178
819
1579

11
18
38
148
591
735

Broadcast 60.0% (15 companies)
Video, audio, character information production 59.3%(16 companies)
Various products retail 54.0% (136 companies)
Information service 51.8% (43 companies)
Food retail 50.6% (134 companies)
Railway 50.0% (7 companies)
Religion 50.0% (6 companies)
Furniture, fixture manufacture 47.1% (8 companies)
Bank 44.4% (40 companies)
Food wholesale 44.4% (45 companies

25% to 20% decrease

40 (0.4%)

20% to 15% decrease

77 (0.7%)

15% to 10% decrease

315 (3.0%)

10% to 5% decrease

1626 (15.3%)

5% to 1%decrease

4640 (43.7%)

16
27
49
202
916
2006

Total

6724 (63.3%)

3215

2656

1541

Energyconsumption
intensity average
yearly change ratio

Number ofapplicablebusiness
operators(Ratio )Of them, number ofbusiness operators
who continuously
increased intensityfor 3 years

Of them, numberof business
operators who
continuously
increased intensity
for 4 years

Of them, numberof business
operators who
continuously
increased intensityfor 5 years

Ranking of business types on share(%) of number ofbusiness operators who continuously decreased
intensity for 3. Top 10 business types * (Number in ( ) is
the number of applicable business operators)

1% to 0% decrease

1212 (11.4%)

234

23

―

0% to 5% increase

2262 (21.3%)

710

205

70

5% to 10% increase291(2.7%)

142

74

46

10% to 15% increase

68(15.3%)

42

25

11

Worsened 15% to 20% increase29(0.3%)

18

11

4

20% or more increase

34(0.3%)

20

14

9

Total

3896(36.7%)

1166

352

140

Mining, stone, gravel excavation 24.2% (8 companies)
Electric parts, device, electric circuit manufacture 16.6%(48 companies)
Beverage, tobacco, feed manufacturer 16.4% (24companies)
Rubber product manufacture 15.9% (14 companies)
Chemical industry 15.8% (97 companies)
Ceramic, soil, stone product manufacture 15.5%(51 companies)
Non-iron metal manufacture 15.5% (32 companies)
Electricity business 15.4% (10 companies)
Transportation equipment manufacture 14.6% (78companies)
School education 14.6% (51 companies

25% or more decrease

Improved

N.B 1: (Source) Agency for Natural Resources and Energy “Summary (draft) Reference Data”
2: *Japanese standard detailed industry classification base, limited to businesses in which 10 or more business operators submitted the periodical reports.

18

3.4 Business types introducing the benchmark system
Now, the benchmark system has been introduced to convenience store business type inthe building sector.
Business types introducing benchmark system
Business

Enforcedin April,
2016

Benchmark index

Target level(1) Steel industry by blast
furnaces

Energy consumption per crude steel production volume(2) Ordinary steel manufacturingindustry by electric furnaces

Sum of the intensity of the upper process (energy consumption per crude steel
0.143 kl/t or lessvolume) and that of the lower process (energy consumption per rolled volume)(3) Special steel manufacturingindustry by electric furnaces

Sum of the intensity of the upper process (energy consumption per crude steel
0.36 kl/t or lessvolume) and that of the lower process (energy consumption per rolled volume)(4) Electric utility industry

Thermal power generation efficiency index A
Thermal power generation efficiency index B

1.00 or more, 44.3% or
more(5) Cement manufacturingindustry

Sum of energy consumption per production volume (delivery volume) inindividual processes such as the raw material, burning, finish, and delivery
processes

3,739 MJ/t or less

(6) Paper manufacturing industry

Energy consumption per paper production volume in the paper manufacturing
process

6,626 MJ/t or less

(7) Paperboard manufacturingindustry

Energy consumption per paperboard production volume in the paperboard
manufacturing process

4,944 MJ/t or less

(8) Petroleum refining industry

Energy consumption per standard energy consumption in the petroleum
refining process (sum of values of multiplying a throughput for each apparatus 0.876 or lessincluded in the said process by an appropriate coefficient)(9) Basic petrochemicals
manufacturing industry

Energy consumption per production volume of ethylene, etc. in the ethylene,
etc. manufacturing facility

11.9 GJ/t or less(10) Soda industry

Sum of energy consumption per weight of caustic soda delivered from anelectrolytic cell in the electrolytic process and steam consumption calorie perweight of liquid caustic soda in the condensation process

3.22 GJ/t or less(11) Convenience store industry

Value of dividing the total power consumption at the store conducting the saidbusiness by the total sales thereof

845 kWh/¥1,000,000 orless

0. 531 kl/t or less19

3.5 Policy on the Benchmark System for Future
Expansion of their Coverage
Manufacture

Currently 53% is covered.
Offices and buildings
Paper and pulp 3%

Steel

Chemical

22%

24%

Blast and electric
furnaces

Aim to target 70% of all
the industries.

Buildings
Wholesalers/retailers,
department stores &supermarkets

5%

5%Ceramic,stone
and clay4%

Hotels and inns 2%
Other building
sector (Schools& hospitals)
10%

HotelsCementEthylene, soda, etc.
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “2015
Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”

Paper and
paperboard

Rental officebusiness

Supermarkets

Shopping centers

Department
stores

FY2013: 203,000,000 kl

Other manufacture, nonmanufacture (Food, metalmachinery, agriculture)
25%

Introduced as the first businessfrom the building sector in April,2016

Convenience
storesWhen the building sector business types prepare an appropriate systemdesign, further study is made for introduction.

20

4. Benchmark system for the building sector

214.1 Introduction of Benchmark system
for the building sector
 The benchmark system was introduced to the convenience store
business in April, 2015.
 Following this, the studies are in progress for 5 other businesstypes, which are the hotel, department store, office building,
shopping center and super market, for early introduction based on
the collected data. The study will start from the business types
which have already established an appropriate system design topromote benchmark system.

 For the public sector which is part of the building sector, thebenchmark system will be studied for the government andmunicipalities to enhance effectiveness of the EE&C promotion inlight of their contribution to the traction of EE&C promotion ofbusiness operators, development of the industry related to energy
conservation, promotion of analysis of EE&C, etc.
22

Energy consumption by the building sector
 It is found that business types consuming much energy were hotels and office buildings in the past. Recently, however, the shares ofoffice buildings and wholesale/retail buildings are increasing, and 4 business types consisting of offices, wholesale/retail businesses,
hospitals, and hotels, account for the share of more than 60%.
 The increase of the energy consumption in the building sector seems to be caused by the increase of number of air conditionings andlighting facilities according to the increase of the floor area as well as increased usage of OA equipment.
Changes in Energy Consumption of Each BusinessType in the Building Sector

Other services
FY1973
Hotels and inns
FY1973
Offices and buildings

Restaurants
Wholesale and retailbusinesses

Hospitals
Schools
Theaters andrecreation centers
Hotels and inns
Department stores
Offices andbuildings(Fiscal year)
Note: In the “Comprehensive Energy Statistics”, the numerical value calculation method was changed after FY1990.
Source: Estimated based on the “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics in Japan” from the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, and the“Comprehensive Energy Statistics” from the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

23

4.2 Study for introducing the benchmark systemin the building sector
 The workshops for study of the benchmark system for the building sector were
held in FY2014. The workshops provided with discussion on establishment ofassessment indices and levels appropriate for each industry.
 As the special features of each industry need to be studied for establishment of
the assessment indices, the study is continuing through the discussion with eachindustry individually.
Organizations with which the workshop studies theassessment indices and levels
Japan Council of Shopping Centers
Japan Chain Stores Association
Japan Department Stores Association
Japan Building Owners and Managers
Association

Recreation
centers 3%

Japan Franchise Association
Japan Hotel Association

Schools
8%

The Real Estate Companies
Association of Japan

Offices andbuildings
22%

Others16%

Recreation centers

Schools
Restaurants
FY2012
1,673 (PJ)

Restaurants
8%

Approx. 50% of the building sector iscovered.

OthersHospitals
11%

Hotelsand inns
10%

Hospitals
Wholesale/retail,department
stores andsupermarkets
22%

Hotels and inns
Wholesale/retail, department
stores andsupermarkets
Offices and buildings244.3 Study of the benchmark system for the building
sectorBusiness typeIndex (draft)

Convenience store● Energy consumption intensity
Energy consumption per sales amount● Level to be aimed at: 845 kWh/million yen

Already introduced● Public notice issued in April, 2016
● Values of benchmark indices reported in the
periodical report in July, 2017

Hotel

● Multiple regression formula is used as an index(1) Element concerning scale + (2) element
concerning equipment + (3) element concerning
operation● Narrowing down parameters affecting energy consumption
by analyzing questionnaire data
● Benchmark explanation seminar for association members● Approval by the board of directors

Food super market● Energy consumption intensity or multiple
regression formula
Indices considering store area, business hours,
refrigerator showcase, etc. are being studied● Understanding by local field survey● Questionnaire for data collection● Opinion exchange with 4 associations● Data analysis for obtaining consent of the associations

Department store● Energy consumption intensity or multiple
regression formula
Indices considering store area, business hours, sales
amount, etc. are being studied● Benchmark system explanation seminar(Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Okayama, Fukuoka)● Data analysis for obtaining consent of the associations

Lease office● Energy conservation potential estimation tool isbeing studied as an index* Tool developed exclusively for the benchmark
system based on ECTT (developed by ECCJ)● Benchmark system explanation seminar
Explanation of the system and operation of the energy
conservation potential estimation tool (Tokyo, Nagoya,
Osaka)● Input load of the tool is a current concern

Shopping center● Energy consumption intensity is being studied as
an index
Store area x Energy consumption per business hour,etc.

● Local field survey of stores is being studied● Difference in the form of the stores, assessment ofvarious tenants, etc. are current concerns

Progress of study25

(1) Benchmark system for the business of theconvenience store
Target business Types (draft)
Japanese standard industry classification: Convenience store (5891)
Indicating business operators that sell retail various convenience
products, mainly food and beverages, by a self-service system, withsmall store size and operating 24 hours or for long hours.

Benchmark index (draft)* The intensity index used for the Low Carbon Society Plan is adopted.
Total electricity (kWh) used by all
convenience store workplaces (stores only)

Benchmark index
Total sales amount (million yen) sold by all
convenience store workplaces (stores only)* “All convenience store workplaces (stores only)” indicates the number of directly managed stores and thenumber of franchise stores.

Level to be aimed at (draft)
Level to be aimed at: 845 kWh/million yen

26

(2) Study of the benchmark system for thebusiness type of the hotels
Elements affecting energy consumption in hotels
are analyzed according to questionnaire results onenergy consumption.

Parameter

Correlation
coefficientParameter

Correlation
coefficient

Total floor area

0.930

Restaurant area (m2)0.792

Hotel area

0.928

Yearly number of guests (people)

0.768

Number of guest rooms(rooms)0.848

Yearly number of guests using
banquet halls (people)

0.767

Number of employees (people)

0.845

Yearly number of guests using
restaurants (people)

0.746

Number of people
accommodated (people)

0.837

Banquet room area (m2)

0.717

27

(2) Study of the benchmark system for thebusiness type of the hotels
Possibility of the benchmark index based on multiple
regression analysis is being studied.
Actual energy consumption

Benchmark index for
hotelsEstimation of energy consumption ofa standard workplace* Smaller values indicate
better assessment results.

Whether a multiple regression formula that can set a
reasonable benchmark index can be obtained is to bestudied.
Example of the multiple regression formula
Estimation of energy
consumption of astandard hotel

Constant
term A

Floor area

Restaurant,
banquet section
Area ratio

Number ofaccommodated
guestsNumber of
banquet rooms

28

(3) Study of the benchmark system for thebusiness type of department store
Candidate explanatory
variableSizeelements

Operational
elements

OthersCorrelation coefficientwith energy
consumption*

Floor area

0.93

Sales place area

0.90

Shared place area

0.82

Restaurant, coffee shop area

0.46

Food sales place area

0.41

Indoor parking space area

0.35

Hotel, theater, etc. area

0.17

Sales amount

0.85

Yearly business hours

0.37

Number of employees

0.29

10 cities/regions

0.47

Cooling period

0.32

Cooling degree day (CDD1818)

0.17

Heating degree day (HDD1414)-0.22

Construction year or
modification year

-0.18

* The greater theabsolute value of thecorrelation coefficient is,
the stronger thecorrelation with theenergy consumption is.

* The variables arefloor area and sales
amount.

29

(3) Study of the benchmark system for thebusiness type of department store■Example of multiple regression analysis
Purposevariable

Energyconsumption
(kl)

Valid
number143

Freedomdegreeadjusted
decisioncoefficient

Variable

Partialregression
coefficientStandard
errorStandard
partialregression
coefficient

t
value

P
value

Judgmentofmeaningful
difference*Contribution
degreeFloor area

0.05450.00210.741427

0.0000

**

73%

Sales
amount0.02430.00250.2722100.0000**27%

0.9712(Note) **: p<0.01, *: p<0.05* Only explanatory variables finally selected as a result of the multiple regression analysis (variable increase-decrease method) are indicated.

■Formula for forecasting energy consumption (tentative)

Energy consumption forecast (kl)Total floorarea (m2)

Sales amount(million yen)

■Benchmark index of each store

Benchmark index for the
department store

Actual energy consumption (kl)Energy consumption forecast
calculated by the multiple regression
formula (kl)30

(4) Study of the benchmark system for thebusiness type of office buildings
Assessment tool to calculate the energy conservation potential is being studied sothat energy conservation efforts of owners and their managers of buildings arereasonably assessed.
Energy conservation potential estimation tool
Implementation of current energy
conservation measures (achievement)

Lighting
Water
heating

Implementation

Easing of cooling andheating temperature
Control of outside air intake
Shortening of starting time
Reduction of time for using
lighting
Adjustment of pump flowrate and pressure

Notpossible

Energy conservation potential
expected if all feasible measures are
implemented is estimated.
Energy conservation potentialof the assessment target
building

Equipment
type
Air
conditioningAir
conditioningAir
conditioning
Lighting

Estimation of energy
consumption after
implementing energy
conservation measuresAir
conditioningAir
conditioningAir
conditioning

Measure contents

Actual energy consumption

Equipment
type

After implementing feasible energy
conservation measures (estimation)

Water
heating

Measure contents

Implementation

Easing of cooling andheating temperature
Control of outside air intake
Shortening of starting timeNotpossible

Reduction of time for using
lighting
Adjustment of pump flowrate and pressure

If this difference becomes
smaller, the building isassessed as more advanced
in energy conservation.

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(5) Benchmark index for the business type of
shopping center (draft)
Definition of the business form (draft)[Enclosed mall][Open mall][Urban mall][Underground mall]32

(5) Benchmark index for the business type of
shopping center (draft)*Business operators (SC) are realestate lease business operators
excluding tenants

1) Reporting scope of energy
consumption of owners and tenants3) Handling of indoor parking spaces

Yearly total energy consumption of all
stores owned by a business operator (kl)Benchmark index(draft)n = All stores

Total floor area of eachstore owned by abusiness operator (m2)3) Handling of indoor parking spaces

Yearly business hoursof each store owned bya business operator (h)2) Definition of business hours

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(6) Benchmark index for the supermarket (draft)- As size, operation and equipment vary among stores, a method which can consider all of theseelements is adopted.
- A method that can assess the degree of energy conservation by comparing actual energy
consumption and forecast value calculated by a formula established based on statisticaltechniques is studied as a draft of the benchmark index.
<Schematic diagram of the benchmark index for the food supermarket>
Actual energy consumption of the assessment
target store

Benchmark index for the
food supermarket

Forecast value of standard energy consumptionof the store of the same size, operation andequipment as the assessment target store
The forecast value is calculatedwith the following formula madebased on statistical techniques

Forecast
value

Size element

Operation
element

Equipmentelement* a, b, c above are coefficients expressing the scale of the impact each element gives to theforecast value.

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5. The new assessment of DesignatedBusiness Operators

35

5.1 The Flow of Follow-up to Specified Business Operators
Specified business operator
1. Submit Periodical Report(12,400 reports)

8. Survey visit to 500 business
operators in B class

3. Confirm errors
in filling the format

2. Simple check
Hokkaido Bureau

Kanto Bureau

Chugoku Bureau

Tohoku Bureau(5700 reports)

Shikoku Bureau

Chubu Bureau(1500 reports)

・ 4-5 officials
・ 5-6 experts
with certified EM

Kinki Bureau(2000 reports)

Reports after
simple check

ECCJ

Kyusyu Bureau
Okinawa Bureau

4. Input database
by Excel file

Database file

[9 METI Bureaus]

5. Transfer database file to“METI Business operator
class assessing system”

9. Report
surveyresults

7. Entrust survey visit to B classbusiness operators* *: sluggish EE&C

METI
6. Classify into S, A, B, C class according to the achievement of EE&C progress level365.2 Assessment of designated business operators
 Business operator classification assessment system started from FY2016.
 All business operators are classified into 4 classes of S, A, B and C according to theirenergy conservation state.
 Business operators who achieve a benchmark are classified into S even if they do notachieve 1% intensity reduction.
 Business operators who report multiple benchmarks are regarded as class S if they
achieve the benchmark in one of their business types.
Class S
Business operators withsuperior energy conservation
7,774 companies (62.6%)*1[Standards](1) The effort obligation targets*2
are achieved.
or(2) The benchmark targets*3 areachieved.
Business operators who achievea benchmark are classified into S
even if they do not achieve 1%
intensity reduction.

[Response]
As superior business operators,
the business operator’s name andthe number of successive years
that the targets were achieved are
displayed on the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry
website.

Class AClass B

General business operators
3,417 companies (27.5%)*1

Business operators that aredelaying energy conservation
1,221 companies (9.8%)*1[Standards]
Business operators that do
not correspond to the Class
S or Class B[Standards](1) The effort obligation targets*2
are not achieved, and theintensities of the most recent twoyearsinsuccession
haveincreased compared to theprevious fiscal year,or(2) The five-year annual intensity
shows an increase of more than
5%.

[Response]
No particular response[Response]
Caution documents are sent, andlocal investigations, etc. are
implemented with high priority.

Class CBusiness operators requiringcautions[Standards]
Among the Class B business
operators, these areoperators whose compliancewith Energy Conservation
Guideline is particularly
insufficient.

[Response]
Guidance based on Article 6of the Energy Conservation
Act is implemented.

*1 FY2015 periodical reporting (Actual results from FY2014) Calculated from the total number of 12,412 business operator
companies.
*2 Effort obligation targets: There should be a reduction of 1% or more per year in the five-year annual intensities.
*3 Benchmark targets: Standards that should be aimed for by business operators in the medium to long term in the target
business types and fields of the benchmark system.

37

6. Suggestions Obtained from Experiences in Japan The Japanese energy management system has been established, revised andimproved in a period of as long as half a century.
 Although the social, economic and political situations and the characteristics ofenergy supply and demand situation are different among countries, learning theexperiences of the transition on the EE&C policies in Japan as reference willallow other countries to shorten the time for establishing an energy
conservation promotion systems and measures.
 The Japanese systems and measures that we believe should be useful formany countries to promote and disseminate energy efficiency & conservation,
are as follows:
1) Energy conservation measures at the time of economic growth2) The system design that may create synergetic effect3) The energy conservation assessment systems that can be used for comparison
between indivisual companies
4) The system for enhancing seamless promotion activities and selfenlightenment for EE&C
5) The systems for enhancing motivation such as award system, etc.
6) The financial systems that support implementation of energy conservation
measures (subsidy, etc.)
38Thank you for your attention.

SMART CLOVER
ECCJ is promoting “FourLeaf Clover “, which isconsidered to bringhappiness, as “SMART
CLOVER”, the symbol ofthe persons who
implement EE&C .

The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
URL: http://www.eccj.or.jp
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