REPORT
JPN

2013

WWF Japan

Report on the Natureand Livelihood
Recovery Project[Executive Summary]
A prelim assessment of ecological andsocial-economic changes in selected areas affectedby the Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011

1. Project Outline

Summary
In July 2011 WWF Japan launched its Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project in two model areas,
Minamisanriku Town (Shizugawa Bay) in Miyagi Prefecture and Soma City (Matsukawaura Lagoon) in
Fukushima Prefecture. The aim of the project is to support the recovery and conservation of the naturalenvironment and fishery/aquaculture industry improvement in sustainable manner in the Pacific coast of East
Japan, which suffered catastrophic damage in the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. In the first yearof this five-year project, WWF conducted natural environment surveys (on topography, land use, seaweed beds,
benthic animals, and birds), marine pollution surveys (on toxic chemicals and radioactive materials), and fisheryeconomics surveys (identifying the issues facing production structures and fishery recovery, etc.) dependingon the characteristics of the natural environment and social conditions of selected demonstration sites. As
well as understanding the current situation, this project also tried to identify regional concerns and priority
issues by sharing information and building relationships with regional stakeholders (mainly people connectedto the fishery industry). From the second year, the project provided further support for the restoration of thedemonstration sites by conducting joint monitoring with regional stakeholders and organizing activities such as
seminars for a more sustainable fishery industry.

 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]Project goals
The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami that struck on March 11, 2011 had a massive impact on the
livelihood of coastal residents and the natural environment. This included topographic changes, groundsubsidence, changes in terrain and environment on the seabed and shore due to the movement of sandand mud, destruction of seaweed beds and coastal ecosystems, the leakage of toxic chemicals from various
debris, and the radioactive contamination due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant.
These have not only had a huge effect on the flora and fauna whose habitats are along the coast
but also greatly hampered the recovery of the fishery industry which is based on the marine biodiversity.
Assessing the environmental impact and supporting the recovery activities will contribute to the restorationof the fishery industry. Or to put it another way, the economic recovery of the devastated coastal areas
requires not only the reconstruction of the production and distribution systems related to coastal fisheries,
but also the recovery and regeneration of the natural environment for the fishing grounds.
WWF therefore launched a project that aims to conserve and restore biodiversity in the damaged
areas while also establishing sustainable resource management, by conducting on ground surveys on thedamage status of the environment and the fishery industry, collaborating and sharing information withlocal residents, and supporting transformation to sustainable fishery.
The principles for implementing the project were as follows. The project also took adaptive
management approach according to the each recovery status and built relationship respectfully with othergroups such as domestic NPOs.
- The project holds discussions with the various stakeholders in the model areas (on a regional
government or ecosystem level) and understands the actual situation and demands.
- The project examines measures for restoring the natural environment by gathering scientific data,
identifying the current situation as well as monitoring the subsequent recovery status, and helps to
implement those measures.
- The project instills an understanding of the idea that biodiversity conservation contributes to thepromotion of regional industries such as fishing, and aim to construct a multi-stakeholder involvement.
- The project provides suitable information and recommendations to central and local governments sothat their restoration plans do not adversely affect the natural environment along the coast.

Process of selecting
demonstration sites
When selecting areas for our project tosupport, WWF focused on two points:(1) whether there is a high conservation
value of coastal biodiversity, and (2)whether the fishery industry has a highprofile there. Figure 1 shows areas ofimportance in terms of biodiversity in[Table 1] Important areas in terms of biodiversity along the
Pacific coast of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima
Iwate Miyagi Fukushima Total
Natural parks, Special Protection Areas
Natural parks, Marine Park Areas
Wildlife Protection Areas, Special
Protection Areas
Natural Monuments
Important Wetlands 500
Potential Wetland for the Ramsar
Convention
Important Bird Areas (IBA)
Protected Water Surface

7

3
3

10
3
10

6
2

3
5

1
2

10
9

1

5

1

7

3

3
1

6
1

1. Project Outline [Figure 1] Important areas in terms of biodiversity conservation along the East Japan Pacific coast(Aomori to Fukushima)
Vicinity of Omazaki

Shimokita Hanto Quasi-national Park

Tanesashi Coast
Important Wetlands 500 in Japan
Natural Monuments
Wildlife Protection Areas(Special Protection Areas)

Rikuchu Kaigan National Park

Protected Water Surface
Potential Wetlands for theRamsar Conventions

Hidejima Island

IBAs (Important Bird Areas)

Sanganjima Island

Tsubakishima and
Aomatsushima Islands
Shizugawa Bay

Minami-Sanriku Kinkasan
Quasi-national Park

Matsushima Islands

Rikuzen Enoshima Island

Matsukawaura Lagoon, Soma

[Table 2] List of WWF Japan’s Disaster Recovery Support Project Study Committee Members
Field
Fishery economics

Study committee members(titles omitted)
Osamu Baba

Anthropology
Satsuki Takahashi
Topography
Hitoshi Hasegawa
Seaweed beds
Shogo Arai
Benthic animals
Takao Suzuki
Birds
Toshifumi Moriya
Chemical pollutants Shinsuke Tanabe

Affiliation
Department of Marine Policy and Culture, Tokyo University ofMarine Science and Technology
University of Tokyo (at that time)
Faculty of Letters, Kokushikan University
Marine Algae Research Co., Ltd.
Faculty of Science, Tohoku University
Japan Bird Research Association (NPO)Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University

 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]the Pacific coastal region of East Japan. WWF identified national parks and quasi-national parks, special
protection areas of wildlife protection areas, natural monuments, protected water surface, the Important
Wetlands 500 in Japan, potential wetlands for the Ramsar Convention, and Important Bird Areas (Table 1).
This shows that the Pacific coast of East Japan has many areas of high biodiversity.
From these criteria, WWF selected Miyako City in Iwate Prefecture, Minamisanriku Town in
Miyagi Prefecture, Soma City in Fukushima Prefecture, Oarai Town in Ibaraki Prefecture, and Kashima Cityin Ibaraki Prefecture as candidate areas and visited them to hear from fishery operators, governments andcivilian groups about the state of the damage, the challenges facing restoration, and so on.
WWF also invited experts on fishery economics, anthropology, topography, seaweeds, benthic
animals, birds, and chemical pollutants to a study meeting on June 27, 2011. Having shared the latest
information and their challenges in each field, WWF then considered and set the strategy of the project.
The Study Committee raised concerns about the possibility of restoration plans being drawn up without
due consideration for the impact on biodiversity and the needs and dynamics of regional communities,
and expressed the desire that WWF propose and execute a model for nature regeneration and subsequent
fishery restoration.
Having gathered and examined further information and considered the opportunities andwillingness for involving the project, WWF selected Minamisanriku Town (Shizugawa Bay/Tokura
district) in Miyagi Prefecture and Soma City (Matsukawaura Lagoon) in Fukushima Prefecture as the twomodel activity areas. While they are both disaster areas, they differ in terms of damage status, naturalenvironment, and the condition of their fishery industries and so require support that matches theirrespective current situations.

Outline of demonstration sites
Outline of the natural environment and social conditions in Minamisanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture andSoma City, Fukushima Prefecture

Demonstration site 1: Minamisanriku Town (Shizugawa Bay), Miyagi Prefecture
Minamisanriku Town is located in the northeastern part of Miyagi Prefecture and looks out on Shizugawa
Bay and Isatomae Bay. Shizugawa Bay, part of the Minami Sanriku Kinkasan Quasi-national Park , is home
to a wide variety of seaweeds including four typesof eelgrass, and carious species of brown algae
and has been designated by the Ministry of theEnvironment as one of the Important Wetlands
500 in Japan (2001) and a potential wetland for
the Ramsar Convention (2010). TsubakishimaIsland in the bay has a climax forest of Machilus
thunbergii trees, which is registered as anatural monument of Japan under the name
Tsubakishima Warm Region Plant Colony (1966).
The main fishery industry of Shizugawa
Panoramic view of Shizugawa Bay

1. Project Outline Silver salmon cultivation

Oyster cultivation

Bay is centered around the aquaculture of wakame seaweed, oysters, scallops, coho salmon, and so on. The
Tokura Branch of the Miyagi Prefectural Fisheries Association’s Shizugawa Office decided on a policy ofhalving its number of cultivation facilities after the tsunami disaster in order to remedy over-cultivation(especially of oysters), regarded as a problem from before the disaster, with the aim of rebuilding a better
quality and more environmentally friendly aquaculture industry.

Demonstration site 2: Soma City (Matsukawaura Lagoon), Fukushima Prefecture
Soma City is located in the northeasternpart of Fukushima Prefecture, where
the Matsukawaura lagoon stretches 5kilometers long from south to north and1.5 kilometers wide from east to west. As atidal wetland that is home to a wide variety
of benthic animals such as Assiminea
sp. and Chaetopterus variopedatus
as well as a species of damselfly called
Mortonagrion hirosei, Matsukawaura
has been designated by the Ministry of
the Environment as one of the Important
Wetlands 500 in Japan and a potential site for the Ramsar Convention, as well as being designated as a
Fukushima Prefectural natural park. The waters of Isobe Ohama facing the Pacific Ocean have also been
designated as protected water surface for the Sakhalin surf clam.
The main fishery industries in Matsukawaura are green laver (Monostroma nitidum) cultivation
and Japanese littleneck clams fishery. The Pacific coast used to provide
abundant fishing for flatfish, Sakhalin surf clams, snow crabs, andothers, but fishing operations throughout Fukushima Prefecture are now
voluntarily suspended (as of June 2012) due to the impact of radioactive
contamination from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant. Matsukawaura is also ranked among the top one hundredviews of Japan and has a vibrant tourism industry supported by its richmarine resources and natural environment.
Japanese littleneck clams

 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]Project work plan
The activities of the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project are being unfurled over a three- to fiveyear period depending on the recovery situation in the support areas, as shown in Figure 2, with the aimof regenerating the natural environment and biodiversity andsupporting a sustainable fishery industry. Information on the
results and challenges in the model areas will also be distributed
among the various stakeholders from a wider area, with theaim of contributing to natural environment conservation andto establishing a sustainable fishery industry in coastal regions,
including other disaster areas. As already mentioned, however,the project will remain flexible about modifying the project inaccordance with changes or developments in the recovery status
and social situation.
Green laver cultivation[Figure 2] Project work plan

2011

2016

Step 1
Conduct environment surveys and interview
surveys to find out the damage situation andchallenges facing recovery

Step 2

Dialogue with local stakeholders tofind the top priority measures andfeasible joint activities

Step 3

Support fishing and urban development inharmony with the natural environment[Step 1]
Identify current situation andshare information(1st to 2nd year)[Step 2]
Plan and implement
collaborative project(2nd to 4th year)[Step 3]
Support sustainable fisheryindustry(3rd to 5th year)

For the speedy recovery andregeneration of the natural environmentand restoration of the fishery industry,
the project will conduct surveys on the
post-disaster environment and social
economy and collect scientific data toproperly understand the changes due tothe disaster and their impact. We will
feedback the obtained knowledge to thestakeholders and share the issues facing
restoration.

We will check the knowledge fromstep 1 against the restoration plansof the regions and fishery industries,and sort out the tasks required forrestoring the natural environment andreconstructing the fishery industry
in accordance with each area’s actual
circumstances and needs. We will
support the construction of a system
for addressing priority items.

To further restore areas which aresupported by rich natural environment
and fishery industry, measures are
required that meet ambitious demand forenvironmental friendliness, sustainability,and food safety. As well as supporting
the efforts of fishery operators toward asustainable fishery industry, we will callprivate companies involved in supplychain,consumers and government for support
the project.

1. Project Outline Project framework
In the first year of the project, naturalenvironment surveys, marine pollution
surveys, fishery economics surveys,
and public outreach were conductedwith focus on understanding the actual
situation and sharing information(Figure 3). The project did naturalenvironment surveys on topography
and land use, seaweed beds, benthic
animals, or birds by deciding the survey
items depending on the characteristicsof the natural environment in the
support areas and the status of othergroups’ activities. The people in chargeof the various activities are shown in
Table 2.
For the results of the surveys,
see the survey report in Part 2 of thisreport.

Topography and land use survey(Kokushikan University)

Benthic animal survey (Tohoku University)

Marine pollution survey (Ehime University)

Seaweed bed survey(Marine Algae Research Co., Ltd.)[Table 3] People in charge of surveys (1st year)
Survey items
Topography/Land use

Implementation area
Hitoshi Hasegawa Soma
Minamisanriku/
NaturalSeaweed beds
Marine Algae Research Co., Ltd.
Shogo AraiSoma
environment
Benthic animals
Tohoku University
Takao Suzuki
Soma
Birds
Japan Bird Research Association (NPO) Toshifumi Moriya Soma
MarineToxic chemicals
Shinsuke Tanabe Minamisanriku/
Ehime University
pollution
Radioactive materials
Tomohiko Isobe Soma
Fishery
Production structures, etc.
Tokyo University of Marine Science
Minamisanriku/
Osamu Baba
economics
Fishery recovery policy
and Technology
Soma
Disseminating/sharing information
Minamisanriku/
Publicity
WWF Japan
Holding report meetings
Soma

Bird survey (Japan Bird Research Association)

Researchers in charge (titles omitted)
Kokushikan University

Fishery economics survey (Tokyo University ofMarine Science and Technology)

Media coverage/publicity (WWF Japan) WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary][Figure 3] Project framework

Natural environment
surveySupport the creation and implementation of a natural environmental
restoration plan

Marine pollution survey

Support the establishment of a survey
and information management system

Fishery economics
surveyFishery
operators
Researchers

Industryorganizations

WWF

Information sharing
Collaboration

Local
government

Citizens

Companies

Restoration andconservation ofnatural environment
Establishment ofsustainablefishery industry

Draw up a recovery policy tailored to
the regional fishery industry

1. Project Outline 9

2. Summary of Survey Key Findings
and Discussion Points
WWF’s Recommendations for Restoration

In July 2011, WWF Japan conducted various types of natural environment surveys (benthic animals,
birds, seaweed beds, and topography and land use), marine pollution surveys, and fishery economics
surveys in two model areas, Minamisanriku Town (Shizugawa Bay) in Miyagi Prefecture and Soma City
(Matsukawaura Lagoon) in Fukushima Prefecture with the aim of supporting the proper recovery of thenatural environment and the transformation to a more sustainable fishery industry in the areas damagedby the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.
In this section, WWF have compiled and arranged the information collected during these surveys andthroughout this project into three categories: I. Regeneration of the natural environment; II. Dealing withmarine pollution; III. Restoration of the fishery industry. Then, based on the survey results, WWF havereviewed the recovery of natural environment and a sustainable fishery industry in the disaster areas andfinalized WWF Japan’s recommendations for restoring the natural environment and reconstructing thefishery industry.
Finally, similar events are expected to have occurred in disaster areas other than the two model

10 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]areas surveyed. WWF believes that restoration should not be
dependent only on the local governments and key stakeholder
groups of the disaster areas as initiators, and it is desirable
that the restoration is jointly implemented by a wider rangeof stakeholders (government bodies, industry groups,
companies, researchers, NGOs, residents, etc.) according totheir expertise, financing, and so on. The scientific knowledge
and suggestions in this report will, alongside each area’s
unique features and local conditions, serve as a reference forthe wider reconstruction of the fishery industry going forward.
Black-tailed gull

I. Restoration of the natural environment[Key findings and discussion points]
1. The species numbers and population densities of benthic animals are similar to those in pre-disasterrecords, which suggest a trend toward recovery, although some species have still not been checkedsince the disaster. [Matsukawaura Lagoon]
2. As for birds, forest bird species declined due to the elimination of coastal forests but some water bird
species showed an increase in numbers. Great cormorant and heron colonies were damaged, which
could create new problems such as damage to fishing or noise and smell as those colonies relocate,disperse or change their home range. [Matsukawaura Lagoon]
3. There were concerns about the catastrophic damage the tsunami did to eelgrass beds, but they
did survive in parts and newly grown roots have been observed in the furthest regions. There is apossibility that they will expand in size to form seaweed beds in future. [Matsukawaura Lagoon]
4. Although recovery from rocky-shore denudation was expected because of the decrease in algae-eating
animals such as sea urchins, such denudation was still observed. Proper seaweed bed management byexpelling sea urchins is desired, but stopping the distribution growth of sea urchins would be difficult
with the spread of a consistent sedimentary environment. [Shizugawa Bay]
5. The silt component of sediment was lowered by the tsunami and many points had changed from being
muddy to sandy. While increased densities are forecast for animals that favor a sandy environment

Eelgrass (Matsukawaura)

Assiminea sp.

2. Summary of Survey Key Findings and Discussion Points WWF’s Recommendations for Restoration 11

such as Japanese littleneck clams, there are fears of a decline in animals living in muddy tidal flats.
[Matsukawaura Lagoon]
6. Remaining driftwood and concrete rubble from the tsunami is functioning as a place for seaweed togrow, sea animals to spawn, and young fish to grow. [Matsukawaura Lagoon, Shizugawa Bay]
7. There are new kinds of places functioning as habitats for living creatures, including the swamp
environments that appeared on land due to ground subsidence where many types of algae are growing,
and unused rice fields where freshwater sandpipers and plovers were observed. [Shizugawa Bay,
Matsukawaura Lagoon]
8. Large amounts of water springs, suggesting the possibility of an increase in spring water due to theeffect of the earthquake (ground subsidence) and the possibility that a sandy environment will besustained by spring water. [Matsukawaura Lagoon]
9. It was not proved whether changes to the environment that have been a problem from before theearthquake resulted from changes in surrounding land use, but the possibility remains that they
were caused by changes in tidal currents due to the construction of port facilities or the decrease inunderground seepage water due to the upgrading of agricultural waterways and so on. [Matsukawaura
Lagoon]10. WWF concerned that few local governments in the disaster areas have positioned conservation andregeneration of natural environment as priority issues in their restoration plans, and that they willconduct restoration work without due consideration for the natural environment.
[Proposals]
1. To conduct quantitative environmental monitoring- To monitor the recovery process quantitatively and change in biota in the natural coastal
environment and record the state of change continually.
- To conduct surveys on a continuing basis, provide the public with chances for participation inmonitoring and develop leaders in environmental protection management.
- To create a system for assessing the results of environmental protection and regeneration activities
and the impact of restoration plans on the environment and communities, and be adaptive in

Restoration work in progress (Minamisanriku Town)

12 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]revising or upgrading plans as necessary.
2. To draw up environmental conservation and restorationplans and reflecting them in restoration plans- To identify areas of high biodiversity and areas ofoutstanding scenery, and draw up and implement
environmental conservation and restoration plans forthem based on public participation.
- To position natural environment protection management
within restoration plans so that restoration work does
not add to the burden on the natural environment, resultin the loss or degradation of ecosystem services (gifts
Snorkeling schoolof nature) and biodiversity, or have a serious impact on
related industries or people’s living environment.
3. To maintain and utilize new natural environments created by the disaster- To consider utilizing new swamp environments created by ground subsidence as places for educationor sightseeing.
- To consider proactively utilizing existing tsunami debris by deliberately leaving it as artificial fish
reefs for seaweed and young fish to grow in.
- To take measures to increase the amount of underground seepage of rainwater and river water(such as abolishing winter-flooded rice fields and concrete-lined ditch) so that the sedimentary
environment is sustained and improved by spring water.
4. To use areas proactively for environmental education and research- To promote the acceptance of environmental education and scientific research, in order to train
leaders in the monitoring and environmental conservation and regeneration activities in the above
proposals 1 to 3 and to build an implementation system.
- To conduct experience-based programs for studying the natural environment and measures forenvironmental regeneration, guide training, and information offering, and develop new green tour
programs.
- To build a system that acts as a global research hub with the theme of the earthquake and tsunami
disaster’s environmental impact and subsequent recovery, in order to accept researchers and tours.
[Who to implement the recommendations and their expected role]
Although scientific surveys are led by research institutions, their continuous implementation requires abudget and human resources and so it is desirable that researchers not only release their survey results
but also collaborate with NGOs, governments, academia, etc. in order to contribute to developing
community-based programs such as resident participation surveys and environmental education.
Because the fishery and tourism industries depend heavily on coastal ecosystem services (gifts ofnature), operators and others in related industries should be heavily engaged in activities related toproper conservation management and sustainable use of the natural resource. Local governments, too,should not only take care that their operations in the implementation of restoration plans do not have asignificant adverse effect on the natural environment, but also adopt sound conservation and restorationplans and promote the meaningful conservation activities and restoration of natural environment.

2. Summary of Survey Key Findings and Discussion Points WWF’s Recommendations for Restoration 13

II. Dealing with marine pollution[Key findings and discussion points]
1. PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), HBCDs (brominated flame retardants) and PBDEs (polybrominateddiphenyl ethers, brominated flame retardants) were detected in all analyzed marine life.
2. High concentrations of HBCDs were detected in some specimens, and it is speculated that this is areflection of the high level of use of HBCDs in thermal insulating material in the Tohoku region.
3. A positive correlation was seen between trophic level (level in the food chain) and concentration of
PCBs, HBCD and PBDEs, suggesting bioconcentration throughout the food chain.
4. PCB concentrations in Pacific cod were found to be about four times higher than before the earthquake
and tsunami disaster, suggesting that the concentration of PCBs has been elevated by the disaster.
However, the number of specimens in this survey was small and so further research is needed into theimpact on human beings and wildlife.
[Recommendations]
1. To implement long-term monitoring of marine pollution and measure to prevent its increase- To conduct long-term monitoring of radioactive materials and toxic chemicals and investigate theimpact of marine pollution on living creatures and ecosystems.
2. To Gather and disseminate proper information- To establish a format for gathering and releasing data and information on marine pollution, andrelease information in a prompt and highly transparent way.
- To convey the types of exposure risks that do or do not exist, and convey accurate ways of copingwith the presence and extent of those risks.
3. To prevent the spread of marine pollution- To dispose of tsunami debris and waste properly and develop countermeasures to toxic matter toprotect the entire marine ecosystem.
[Who to implement the recommendations and their expected role]
In collaboration with NGOs and companies, government bodies, researchers, and related industry groups
are expected to conduct continuous marine pollution surveys and actively release their survey results andinformation on countermeasures, stop the spread of pollution and reduce the exposure risk for humanbeings and wildlife. The journalists should release the information on countermeasures in addition tosurvey results and the risks of exposure based on scientific evidence appropriately so that the public can
respond properly and calmly. It is desirable that the public make an action by accurately recognizing
the risks of marine pollution as a problem lurking behind their daily lives, not as a problem limited todisaster areas.

A precautionary principle refers to a system or idea that permits measures for controlling a possible serious or irreversible impact on
the environment, even if a causal connection has not been fully scientifically proven.

14 WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]III. Restoration of the fishery and seafood industry[Key findings and discussion points]
1. A trend in each disaster area toward collaborations by utilizing various governmental subsidies forrecovery, but most of these collaborations are treated as provisional measures until restoration.
2. In cases of collaboration on laver cultivation, some benefits such as enhanced habitats were found
due to curtailed operational fishing grounds, improved fishing ground controls, and lower expenses
and workloads, but some issues such as the difficulty for high capacity producers to exert their true
capability were found.
3. In cases of small-size set net fishery collaboration, it was found that not only increased fish catches andcost savings due to changes in operation methods but also trends such as profitable purchasing being
made possible by unified shipping lots, and exploration of new marketing strategies due to improved
operational efficiency.
[Recommendations]
1. To making operations more efficient through collaboration- To consider various organizational sizes to suit the region and production structure, and consider
organizing a permanent system of operational sharing.
- To allocate cuts in cost and time to things such as resource management, fishing groundmanagement, and create added value.
2. To promote correct fishing ground use and resource management- To arrange adequate cultivation facilities and establish operation plans for maintaining fishingground environments improved by the disaster and marine product resources restored by suspensionof fishing.
3. To create added value- To promote improved quality by practicing environmentally friendly fishing and cultivation, andpromote the differentiation and branding of production areas.
[Who to implement the recommendations and their expected role]
Implementation will be led by the fisheries cooperatives and others in the fishery industry, but
creating and expanding of new added value require the understanding and support of a wider range ofstakeholders including government authorities, local residents, companies, NGOs and consumers.

Wakame seaweed gathering (Minamisanriku Town)

2. Summary of Survey Key Findings and Discussion Points WWF’s Recommendations for Restoration 15

WWF Japan Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project [Executive Summary]

WWF Japan
Report on the Nature and Livelihood Recovery Project[Executive Summary]

A prelim assessment of ecological and social-economic changes in selectedareas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011
(Full report is written in Japanese. Total page is 104 pages.)
Editor: Satoshi Maekawa, WWF Japan
Publisher: WWF Japan

publisher as the copyright owner.

WWF.ORG

Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned

JPN

Publishing Date: July 2013