Copyright. TAC Co., LTD. Through license from Becker CPA Review

5. Gross Income - Inclusions
問題編（計34問）
18. CPA-01840 May 95 #15 □□ A
A cash basis taxpayer should report grossincome:a. Only for the year in which income isactually received in cash.
b. Only for the year in which income isactually received whether in cash or inproperty.
c. For the year in which income is either
actually or constructively received in cash
only.
d. For the year in which income is either
actually or constructively received,
whether in cash or in property.

19. CPA-14631 □□ A
Merrill and Joe’s divorce was finalized in June of
2018. As part of the settlement, Joe received thefollowing:
Alimony$1,500 per monthChild support$500 per monthLump-sum payment as
the property settlement $125,000
Merrill only paid a total of $15,000 during thecurrent year. What amount must Joe include inincome on his current year Form 1040?
a. $9,000
b. $15,000
c. $134,000
d. $140,000

20. CPA-04859 □□ B
Tom and Sharlene had the following items ofincome and expense during the taxable year:
Tom's wages from his job
Interest from money market
Gain from sale of securities
owned for 3 months
Self-Employment Activity
Gross income
Business license fees
Marketing expenses
Salary paid to Sharlene$ 67,000$ 1,500$ 15,000$ 35,000$500$ 2,000$ 10,000

What is Tom & Sharlene's gross income before
adjustments?
a. $106,000
b. $116,000
c. $128,500
d. $131,500

21. CPA-04861 □□ A
Seth Silver had the following items of income
during the taxable year:
Interest income from a checking
account$ 1,000
Interest income from a money market
account
2,050Interest income from a municipal bondhe purchased during the current year
250
Interest income from federal bonds hepurchased two years ago
750
On his current year tax return, what amount istaxable income?
a. $3,050
b. $3,300
c. $3,800
d. $4,050

6PART I – Individual Income Taxation

5. Gross Income - Inclusions

22. Becker Example □□ A
Stella Corporation's information is as follows:
Prior year's earnings and profits
Current year's earnings and profits
Capital invested by shareholders$ 75,000$
0$ 25,000At the end of the current year, Stella Corporation
paid its shareholders a total of $150,000 in
dividends. What amount is taxable, either as
ordinary income or capital gain, to theshareholders in total?
a. $0
b. $75,000
c. $100,000
d. $125,000

23. CPA-05293 Released 2006 □□ A
Barkley owns a vacation cabin that was rented tounrelated parties for 10 days during the year for$2,500. The cabin was used personally by
Barkley for three months and left vacant for the
rest of the year. Expenses for the cabin were as
follows:
Real estate taxes
Maintenance and utilities$1,000$2,000How much rental income (loss) is included in
Barkley's adjusted gross income?
a. $0
b. $500
c. $(500)
d. $(1,500)

24. CPA-01428 ARE R02 #2 □□ B
Adams owns a second residence that is used forboth personal and rental purposes. During thecurrent year, Adams used the second residence
for 50 days and rented the residence for 200 days.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Depreciation may not be deducted on theproperty under any circumstances.
b. A rental loss may be deducted if rentalrelated expenses exceed rental income.
c. Utilities and maintenance on the property
must be divided between personal andrental use.
d. All mortgage interest and taxes on theproperty will be deducted to determine
the property's net income or loss.

25. CPA-14627 Released 2002 □□ A
Which of the following conditions must be present
in a divorce agreement executed on or before
December 31, 2018, for a payment to qualify as
deductible alimony?
I. Payments must be in cash or its equivalent.
II. The payments must end at the recipient's
death.
a. I only.
b. II only.
c. Both I and II.
d. Neither I nor II.

26. CPA-01438 ARE R02 #8 □□ B
Which of the following costs is not included ininventory under the Uniform Capitalization rules
for goods manufactured by the taxpayer?
a. Research.
b. Warehousing costs.
c. Quality control.
d. Taxes excluding income taxes.

PART I – Individual Income Taxation

7

Copyright. TAC Co., LTD. Through license from Becker CPA Review

5. Gross Income - Inclusions
問題編（計34問）
18. CPA-01840 May 95 #15 □□ A
現金主義を採用している納税者は、以下のどのタイミングで総所得（GI）を申告すべきか。
a. 実際に現金で所得を受領した年度。
b. 実際に現金や資産で所得を受領した年度。
c. 実際に現金で所得を受領した年度またはみなし受領した年度。
d. 実際に現金や資産で所得を受領した年度
またはみなし受領した年度。

19. CPA-14631 □□ A
MerrillとJoeの離婚は2018年6月に確定した。この調停の一部として、Joeは以下を受領した。
Alimony（離婚扶助手当） 月額$1,500
Child support（養育費） 月額$500
Property settlement（財産分与）一括払い$125,000
Merrillは当年度中に総額$15,000のみを支払った。
Joeが当年度のForm 1040の所得に含めなければならない金額はいくらか。
a. $9,000
b. $15,000
c. $134,000
d. $140,000

20. CPA-04859 □□ B
TomとSharleneの当課税年度中の所得および費用項目は以下の通りである。
Tomの給与マネー・マーケット口座の利息3ヵ月保有の有価証券の売却益$ 67,000$ 1,500$ 15,000

自営業
総所得（GI）
事業上のライセンス料
マーケティング費用
Sharleneに支払った給与$ 35,000$500$ 2,000$ 10,000

TomとSharleneの調整前総所得（AGI）はいくらか。
a. $106,000
b. $116,000
c. $128,500
d. $131,500

21. CPA-04861 □□ A
以下は、当課税年度中のSeth Silverの所得項目である。
当座預金口座の利息
マネー・マーケット口座の利息当年度中に購入した地方債の利息2年前に購入した連邦債の利息$ 1,000
2,050
250
750

当年度の申告書における課税所得はいくらか。
a. $3,050
b. $3,300
c. $3,800
d. $4,050

6PART I – Individual Income Taxation

5. Gross Income - Inclusions

22. Becker Example □□ A
以下は、Stella Corporationの情報である。
前年度の留保利益（CEP）
当年度の留保利益（AEP）
株主が出資した資本$ 75,000$
0$ 25,000

当年度末時点でStella Corporationが株主に支払った配当の合計は$150,000であった。通常所得またはキャピタル・ゲインとして、株主が課税される
金額はいくらか。
a. $0
b. $75,000
c. $100,000
d. $125,000

23. CPA-05293 Released 2006 □□ A
当年度中にBarkleyは所有する別荘を非関係者に$2,500で10日間賃貸した。この別荘はBarkleyが3ヵ月間個人で使用し、残りの期間は使用されていなかった。別荘に関する費用は、以下の通りで
ある。
固定資産税
維持費及び水道光熱費$1,000$2,000

BarkleyのAGIに含まれる不動産賃貸所得（損失）はいくらか。
a. $0
b. $500
c. $(500)
d. $(1,500)

24. CPA-01428 ARE R02 #2 □□ B
Adamsは個人での使用と賃貸での使用を目的とした別荘を所有している。当年度中に、Adamsは50日間別荘を使い、200日間は賃貸した。以下のうち正しい記述はどれか。
a. いかなる状況においても、別荘の減価償却は控除できない。
b. 賃貸関連費用が賃貸収入を超過している
場合、その賃貸損失を控除できる。
c. 別荘の水道光熱費と維持費は、自己使用と賃貸使用に配分する必要がある。
d. 別荘の住宅ローン利息と税金は、別荘の純利益（損失）を計算する際に控除される。

25. CPA-14627 Released 2002 □□ A
以下のうち、2018年12月31日またはそれ以前に締結された離婚同意書において、控除可能な
Alimony（離婚扶助手当）として扱われるための要件は以下のうちどれか。
I. 現金または現金同等物による支払いであること。
II. 受領者が死亡した時点で支払いが終了すること。
a. I only.
b. II only.
c. Both I and II.
d. Neither I nor II.

26. CPA-01438 ARE R02 #8 □□ B
納税者が製造した商品に関する以下の費用のうち、Uniform Capitalization rules（統一資本化ルール）
により棚卸資産に含まれないのはどれか。
a. 研究費b. 保管費c. 品質管理費
d. 所得税以外の税金

PART I – Individual Income Taxation

7

5. Gross Income - Inclusions

5. Gross Income - Inclusions
解答編
TIP✐ 特に「自営業者（個人事業主）の事業所得」に関する論点に関しては、Simulation 形式でより難易度が高い出題が行われている。
18. CPA-01840
Choice "d" is correct. A cash basis taxpayer
should report gross income for the year in which
income is either actually or constructively received,
whether in cash or in property.
Choice "a" is incorrect. Income also beconstructively received in property - not only
actually in cash.
Choice "b" is incorrect. Income also beconstructively received - not only actually.
Choice "c" is incorrect. Income also be received
in property - not only cash.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章Overall Accounting Method
PARTI 第5章

現金主義を採用している納税者は、実際に現金や現物を受領した年度またはみなし受領した年度に所得を認識する。
19. CPA-14631
Choice "a" is correct. Alimony (received
pursuant to a divorce agreement executed on or
before 12/31/2018) is an item of gross income;child support is not. Alimony paid according to a
divorce agreement executed after 12/31/2018 isneither taxable to the recipient nor deductible by
the payor. Because this divorce was finalized in2018, the alimony is included in gross income.
Joe was to receive $1,500 per month in alimony,for a total of $18,000. Child support is nontaxable as are lump-sum property settlements
made pursuant to a divorce. When total
payments received do not equal the total due, theamounts are first allocated to child support. Thus,of the $15,000 paid by Merrill, $6,000 is firstallocated to child support. The remaining $9,000

would constitute alimony and would be taxable.
Choice "b" is incorrect. The $15,000 must firstbe allocated between the types of payments
received. Any amounts are first used to satisfy
any child support requirement, and the remainder
would be classified as alimony.
Choice "c" is incorrect. This answer includes
both the $9,000 (discussed above) and theproperty settlement (which is non-taxable).
Choice "d" is incorrect. This answer includes thetotal amount received, $15,000 payments (childsupport and alimony) and the property settlement.
Lump-sum property settlements are not taxable to
the recipient in a divorce.
【ポイント解説】
Payment Pursuant to Divorce
PARTI 第5章

出題トピック対応する章

2018年12月31日までに締結した離婚同意書に従って受領した Alimony は課税対象となるが、Child support と Property settlement は非課税。
※現金一括払いは財産分与 (property settlement)として扱われるので注意しよう。

注(2)： Child support と Alimony 両方が支払われる場合で、「全額」支払いがなされなかった場合には、まず、Child support にあてられ、残りをAlimony として扱う。
本問の Joe 氏は、当年度中に Alimony と Childsupport として合計＄24,000を Merrill 氏から受領するはずだったが、合計$15,000しか受領できな
か っ た 。 Child support が 優 先 さ れ る た め 、Alimony として扱われるのは、$9,000となる。
Alimony$1,500×12ヵ月 ＝ $18,000 → $9,000Child support$500×12ヵ月 ＝ $ 6,000

PART I – Individual Income Taxation$24,000 → $15,000187

Copyright. TAC Co., LTD. Through license from Becker CPA Review

20. CPA-04859
Choice "b" is correct. Tom & Sharlene's grossincome is calculated as follows:
Tom's wages（給与収入）
Interest（利子収入）
Gain from sale（売却益）
Business income（事業所得）
Gross Income$ 67,000$ 1,500$ 15,000$ 32,500$ 116,000

Note: Sharlene's salary is not included as income
as 100% of the net self-employment income istaxable to her. Her salary is considered anowner’s draw and is not an allowable businessdeduction against the gross business income ofthe self-employment activity.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

Business Income or Loss
PARTI 第5章

自営業者の事業所得は Schedule C にて計算され、Gross business income $35,000－Business
expenses ($500＋$2,000)＝$32,500となる。
※自営業者（個人事業主）自身に対する支払いは、一切控除不可。「事業主による資本の引き出し（owner’s draw）」となるからである。
本問では、Salaries paid to Sharlene $10,000がこれに該当し控除不可。
＜補足解説＞
個人事業の場合は、事業主である自身へ「給料※」を支払うことはなく、売上－売上原価－事業経費＝「純利益」が自身の取り分となる。自身の取り分は、当然ながら、期末にならないと分からない。
なお、個人事業が最終的に赤字となった場合には事業主の取り分はゼロである。
※本試験では、本問のように自営業者（個人事業主）自身への支払いを Salaries と表現していることがあるので注意が必要である。

■ 事業主による資本の引き出し（Owner’sdraw）とは？
会社の場合その資本は株主（出資者；所有者）のものなので経営者が会社の資金を勝手に引き出すことはできないが、個人事業主は事業主取り分を期中に引き出せる（生活費にあてるため）。これが Owner’s draw である。
Owner’s draw は、（人件費：従業員に対する給与賃金のように）事業経費にはならず、事業主の所得でもない。事業主が事業主の取り分を“前借り”したようなイメージである。
＜参考＞ 日本では、「事業主借」「事業主貸」という勘定を用いて記帳しているのが一般的である。

21. CPA-04861
Choice "c" is correct. Taxable interest includes
amounts received from general investment
accounts as well as interest on federal obligations.
Interest received from state and municipal bonds
is not taxable.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

連邦債（federal bond）の利息は、原則として、課税対象である。一方、地方債（municipal bond）の利息は、原則非課税。
本問の場合、課税対象となる利息は、地方債の利息を除き、$1,000＋$2,050＋$750＝計$3,800である。
＜参考＞Money market account とは、市場金利に連動した金利がつく預金口座のこと。

■会社（普通法人）の役員と個人事業主の違い
会社：売上－売上原価－事業経費（役員報酬を含む）＝純利益に対して法人税が課される。
役員報酬を受領する経営者においては、その報酬に対して個人所得税が課される。役員報酬が経営者の取り分である。
個人事業主：売上－売上原価－事業経費＝純利
益が事業主（経営者）の取り分となり、この金額に対して個人所得税が課される。
188

Interest Income
PARTI 第5章

PART I – Individual Income Taxation

5. Gross Income - Inclusions

22. Becker Example
Choice "d" is correct. The taxability of
dividends paid by a corporation to its shareholders
is dependent upon the amount of the company's
earnings and profits and the amount of capital
invested by the shareholders. The rules are as
follows:
To the extent of current
earnings and profits
Ordinary Income
To the extent of accumulated
earnings and profits
Ordinary Income
To the extent of investment(return of capital)
Non-taxable
In excess of capital investment
Capital Gain
Total capital invested as shown above is $25,000.
The remainder of the $150,000 (or $125,000)
distributed is taxable as either a dividend (ordinary
income) or capital gain to the shareholders who
receive it.
Choice "a" is incorrect. Any amounts distributed
equal to the current and accumulated earnings
and profits of the corporation and any amounts inexcess of the shareholders' investments would
represent taxable amounts to the recipients, either
as ordinary income or capital gain.
Choice "b" is incorrect. This answer identifies theaccumulated earnings and profits as the only
taxable amounts.
Choice "c" is incorrect. This answer took the
total earnings and profits ($75,000) plus the$25,000 investment as the taxable amount. The$25,000 principal amount invested by theshareholders would not be taxable, but all
amounts in excess of it would be.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

通常の分配において CEP 又は/及び AEP からの分配を、「Dividend（利益の配当）＝ Ordinary
income（通常所得）」として扱う。

分配額

Stock basis$150,000

E&P【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

Dividend Income
PARTI 第5章
PARTIV 第6章

残り

23. CPA-05293
RULE: If a vacation residence is rented for lessthan 15 days per year, it is treated as a personal
residence. The rental income is excluded fromincome, and mortgage interest (first or secondhome) and real estate taxes are allowed as
itemized deductions. Depreciation, utilities, andrepairs are not deductible.
Choice "a" is correct. Applying the RULE
above, if a vacation residence is rented for lessthan 15 days per year, it is treated as a personal
residence. The rental income ($2,500 in thiscase) is excluded from income. A Schedule E is
not filed for this property (i.e., no income isreported, the taxes are reported as itemized
deductions, and the maintenance and utilities are
not deductible), so the effect on AGI is zero.
Choice "b" is incorrect. This assumes that theproperty taxes are reported as itemized
deductions but that the rental income ($2,500)
less the maintenance and utilities ($2,000) are
reported net on Schedule E. Per the above
RULE, the rental income is excluded from income,and the maintenance and utilities are notdeductible.
Choice "c" is incorrect. This assumes that all of
the items shown are reported net on the Schedule
E-$2,500 – $1,000 – $2,000 = ($500). Per theabove RULE, the rental income is excluded fromincome, the maintenance and utilities are notdeductible, and the property taxes are reported on
Schedule A as an itemized deduction.
Choice "d" is incorrect, per the above RULE anddiscussion.

(c) Capital gain

$50,000(b) Return of capital$25,000(a) Dividend$75,000

Rental Income or Loss
PARTI 第5章

別荘の賃貸（rental of vacation home）について。
賃貸した期間が年間15日に満たない（10 days）
ため、「個人使用の住宅（personal residence）」
として扱われ、$2,500を申告する必要はない。
自宅・別荘の修繕費、水道光熱費、減価償却費等は控除不可。
∴Barkely 氏の AGI は$0が正解となる。
※自宅・別荘の固定資産税は AGI の下（Itemized
deduction）で控除可。

PART I – Individual Income Taxation

189

Copyright. TAC Co., LTD. Through license from Becker CPA Review

24. CPA-01428
Choice "c" is correct. Because the second
property was personally used more than 14 days,
any net loss from the rental of the property will bedisallowed. All related expenses must be
prorated between the personal use portion andthe rental activity portion. Prorated depreciationis permitted for the rental activity.
【ポイント解説】
Rental Income or Loss
PARTI 第5章

出題トピック
対応する章

別荘の賃貸（rental of vacation home）について。
まず、自己使用が年間14日超（50 days）である。
さらに賃貸した期間が15日以上（200 days）であるため、その賃貸収入を Schedule E にて申告する。別荘に関して支払った費用のうち、賃貸活動の経費となる費用項目（例：修繕費、水道光熱費、減価償却費）は期間按分し、“賃貸使用分”
のみ Schedule E にて控除可。なお、賃貸使用分（rental use expenses）は、その年度の賃貸収入（rental income）を上限として控除が認められる。
∴選択肢”c”のみ、正しい。
25. CPA-14627
Choice "c" is correct. Among the requirement
for payments to be classified as alimony are thefollowing:
1. Payment must be in cash or its equivalent.
2. Payments cannot extend beyond the death ofthe payee-spouse.
Note: The requirements for payments to beconsidered alimony (income) are the same as forpayments to be alimony (deductions). Under the
Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017, alimony paid is notdeductible and alimony received is not consideredtaxable income for all divorce or separationagreements executed after 12/31/2018.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

Payment Pursuant to Divorce
PARTI 第5章

2018年12月31日までに締結した離婚同意書に従って支払う Alimony は、AGI の上（above theline deduction）で控除可。その代わり、Alimonyの受領者は課税される。
190

税法上 Alimony として扱われるための要件として、以下の２つは必ずおさえておこう。
・定期的な現金による支払いであること。
・受領者である配偶者の死亡により、支払いが終了すること。
∴選択肢”c”：Both I and II が正解となる。
26. CPA-01438
Choice "a" is correct. Uniform Capitalization
rules provide guidelines with respect tocapitalizing or expensing certain costs. With
regard to inventory, direct materials, direct labor,
and factory overhead should be capitalized aspart of the cost of inventory. Warehousing costs,
quality control, and taxes, excluding income taxes,
are all considered factory overhead items. The
research should be expensed.
【ポイント解説】
出題トピック
対応する章

Business Income or Loss
PARTI 第5章

Capitalized as Inventory

Period Expense

・ Direct materials
・ Direct labor
・ Factory overhead

・ SGA
・R&D∴選択肢”a”
・ Marketing
・ Advertising

27. CPA-01472
Choice "b" is correct. Baker can deduct$1,200 as educational expenses on Baker's Form
1040 Schedule C, calculated as follows:
Direct educational expenses
Daily expenses for 5-day seminar
Total educational expenses$

700 [cost of the course]
500 [$100 per day x 5]

$ 1,200

Rule: If foreign travel is primarily for personal innature (e.g., a vacation), none of the travel
expenses (e.g., round trip airfare) incurred will beallowable business deductions, even if the
taxpayer was involved in business activities whilein the foreign country.
Note: It does not appear that the examiners areattempting to trick candidates on the classificationof the business expenses as travel or educational.
It appears that the purpose of the question is totest the candidate's ability to recognize when
expenses are deductible and when they are notdeductible business expenses.

PART I – Individual Income Taxation