The Scientific Method

3. Future Plan / Future Research☑ How could you make this experiment better?

1. Introduction☑ What can be done in the future?

◆ “Today, we’re going to [we’d like to] tell you about our research on ________.”◆ Outline / Table of Contents [発表の流れ；概要]

4. Reference(s)◆ Background : Basic information of the subject you did research on.

☆日本語のタイトルを英訳すること☑

What is it?

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿☑

How does it work?

★Useful Expressions★

☑

What previous research has been done?

* Previous Study (Studies) [先行研究]◆ Problems☑

・シグナル表現
I’m going to talk about ~. / Here is (are) ~. / Let me tell you ~. / In this slide, I’ll show you ~. /Why does this matter?

◆ Purpose [研究目的]: “We wanted to know what / how / why …” or “We were interested in …”◇ Hypothesis [仮説]: “It was predicted that…”

Please look at the graph. / Now, ~.
・つなぎ表現First of all, ~. / To start with ~. / Let’s move on to next slide・強調表現

2. Experiment* preliminary experiment [予備実験] / main experiment [本実験]The key point here is ~ / amazingly(1) Methods / Procedure :◆ Explain how you did it and what you used
“In order to _____, we did ______.”“First, we _____ using a _____.”, “Next, we _____.”◇ Maybe explain a little bit on why you did it like that.
“We did _____ because of _____.” or “… because we thought _____.”● スライドについて
・標準的な英語フォントを用いる（Arial, Tahoma, Century, Calibri 等）
・見やすい大きさのフォントサイズを選ぶ タイトル：４４ pt，それ以外:24~32 pt 程度
・スライド 1 枚に詰め込みすぎない （↓例↓）(2) Results [Data]◆ Show the data you collected and explain it.
◆ Use graphs, pictures, and words.
“We made a graph of _____, with _____ on the x-axis and _____ on the y.”(3) Discussion / Analysis [考察／分析]◆ Explain what do your results mean? / What did you learn from your results?
“The relationship between ___ and ___ is …” or“There was no relationship between ___ and ___.”“There was a positive [negative] correlation.” or “There was no correlation.”(4) Conclusion [結論]☑ Do you accept☑ or reject☒ your hypothesis?

×原稿そのまま○キーワードのみ記載○内容がイメージ化されている☑ Did you have any problems or errors in your experiment?

＊記号の説明＊◆：必須項目、◇：自由項目：この項目の用語を各スライドのタイトルに使うとよい“ ”：プレゼン時に使える表現☑：各項目についてどういう内容を書けばよいかScience Wordso••

YOU change this.

Dependent Variable [Output]: 従属変数oThis changes BECAUSE OF the independent variable.

Control group: 制御する変数o

Doesn’t change! You compare the dependent variable to the control group.

•Data: データ•Data point: データ点

•Figures: 図表
oQuestionnaireY-Axis

Independent variable [Input]: 独立変数A(％)

BCDThe Key100Number of people ratio

•8060
40200
Q1

Any pictures, tables, or graphs you use are called “figures”

Q2

Q3

Q4Question number
Table: 表•Q5X-Axis

Key: 凡例 this tells you what the different colors mean

Tables show the numbers for your data.

Tip: use different colors that are easy to tell apartoTable1:Salt Concentration and Light Transmittance

ColumnTransmittance(%T)

This kind of graph uses dots to show data points, and lines or curves to connect them.

Concentration(%)

Trial #1

Trial #2

Trial #3

Trial #4

Trial #5

077.2374.50

64.88

75.27

54.66

385.23

92.82

78.91

60.71

57.96

6

88.39

100.05

73.66

66.51

64.54

980.71100.05

68.29

64.91

52.96

1282.66

117.18

71.01

56.91

46.95

15

72.55

115.40

65.72

66.03

55.38

•

Trial: 試行 how many times did you do the experiment?

•Row: left to right 行•

Column: up and down 列Line Graph: 線グラフ

0.4

Row

0.35

Data Point

0.3
0.25
0.2

Line or Curve

0.15

Unit

0.1
0.05
002

•

Unit: 単位 what measurement did you use?
oBar graph: 棒グラフ

•X-axis: left to right 横軸 ／ Y-axis: up and down 縦軸

Examples: cm, mm, kg, g, oC

Line: 線 ／ Curve: 曲線

This kind of graph uses solid bars.
•4Protein Mass

Graphs: グラフ
Graphs show the trends in your data as a picture.

y = 0.04x
R² = 0.9361

Calibration curve

0.45

Absorbance(Aλ)

SaltData

6810 (μg)

•

Trend: 傾向o•Example sentences: how to do say equations (式)?

Example: there is a (positive/negative) trend in the data

Relationship or Effect: 関係oWhen independent variable (increases/decreases), dependent variable

2𝑥4 + 6 − 7 = 72 times 4 plus 6 minus 7 equals 7(increases/decreases).

•oExample: When weight increases, tension increases.

(2 + 3)(7 + 1) = 40

oEffect and Affect? What’s the difference??

Two plus three times 7 plus 1 equals 40Effect 名詞▪

Affect 動詞

𝐷 = 𝑀𝑉▪

HINT: Affect → A for Action!

D equals M divided by V

Significant 有意差o•▪

Does the data clearly show a trend with almost no error?

Error 誤りoOR

Were there any problems or mistakes?

Math Words:𝐷=𝑀𝑉D equals M over V

24 = 16
2 to the power of 4 equals 16•

Equals =2𝑛 = 𝑌•

Plus +

2 to the power of n equals Y•

Minus -•

Times x (____)

32 = 9•Divided by 

3 squared equals 9•Over /•To the power of NX

43 = 64•

Squared N2

4 cubed equals 64•

Cubed N3•

The square root of 

√25 = 5The square root of 25 equals 5