Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society
NEWSLETTER
July 2013

Volume 4: Issue 1
region and the need to improve our knowledge about
the mechanisms of its development, spread andpersistence within our agro-ecosystems. Other
discussions focussed on research related to weed
management as a response to the ongoing changes in
our tropical weed flora, notably the spread of theweedy rice problem. There was also a focus onallelopathy and some discussion of the possible
development of crops that can suppress weeds. There
was also discussion for the need for long-term
management strategies to be developed as well as theshort-term control solutions that are often the only
approaches adopted. This very successful Conference
attracted more than 200 delegates from over 20
countries, from around the APWSS region and otherparts of the world.

Editorial team:Dr Asad Shabbir (Editor in Chief)
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
University of the Punjab
Lahore, Pakistan.
Professor Steve W Adkins
Tropical & Sub-Tropical Weed Research Unit,
The University of Queensland, Australia.

From the editor
Dear APWSS colleagues,

I am very pleased to inform you that the preparations
for the 24th APWSS Conference are progressing very
well. We are going to meet in Bandung, a beautiful andhistoric city near Jakarta and well connected by majortransport routes to several International destinations.
As reported elsewhere in this Newsletter, theConference Chair Dr Denny Kurniadie and Program
Chair Dr Baki Bin Bakar are now finalizing the main
topics and creating the sessions. We anticipate a very
good attendance and this will be an event not to be
missed!

We start this newsletter with a message from ourthPresident and update on 24 Asian Pacific Weed
Science Conference, taking place in Bandung,Indonesia 22-25 October. This is followed by different
country reports and weed news items. Many thanks to
all contributors, especially Dr AN Rao for his significant
contribution to this issue.
Enjoy the read!
Asad Shabbir

Can I also remind you of our new, improved web site(www.apwss.org) onto which most of our important
information items are being placed, including ourNewsletter and information on our working group, theInternational Parthenium Weed Network. We willcontinue to put out a new newsletter every six months
but to do this our newsletter editor; Dr Asad Shabbir
will need to receive items from you.

Message from the APWSS President,
Professor Steve Adkins
Dear APWSS membership,
Welcometoanother
informative issue of
the
APWSS
Newsletter.
Sixmonths ago I attended the 4th
TropicalWeed
Science
Conference in Chiang Mai,
Thailand organised by one of
our affiliate country societies,
the Weed Science Society ofThailand. At the conference, anumber of speakers brought to our attention theincreasing problems of herbicide resistance in ourThis will be my final Newsletter report as yourPresident. I have to say that I have been enormously
honoured to head up such a successful and importantsociety over the past few years. As is the tradition, ath
new executive will be elected at the 24 APWSS
Conference in Bandung. I would like to take thisopportunity to thank all members of the APWSSExecutive Committee for their support and commitment
to the APWSS, and to the Organising Committee of the24th Conference, with the hopes of seeing you all once
again in Bandung.

1

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science
Society Conference – In Final
Preparation!

2. Payment On-site
Cash and credit card (Visa, MasterCard) will be
accepted at the Conference venue.
3. Notes
To avoid problems in money transfer, please keep yourremittance invoice or receipt. Personal cheques are notacceptable.

The next Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society(APWSS) Conference will be held at the Padjadjaran
University Convention Hall Bandung Indonesia from22 to 25 October 2013. The Conference is proudly
supported by the Weed Science Society of Indonesia(WSSI), Faculty of Agriculture at Padjadjaran
University, the APWSS, and major sponsors include
Syngenta, DOW Agrosciences, DuPont, Monsanto andClariant. The Conference theme is "The role of Weed
Science in Supporting Food Security by 2020".

Attention Please!
Registration cost does not include your bank wiretransfer fee. This needs to be added to the Registration
Fee

Until now the committee has already accepted morethan 100 papers for oral presentation and more than 50
papers for poster presentation. There will be sessionsorganized on the topics of 1) sustainable weed
management in the Asian Pacific region, 2) weed
solution for the Asian Pacific region, 3) threats andrisks within the Asian Racific region, and 4) economics
of weed control in the Asian Pacific region. The
Conference will provide a forum in which new research
results will be shared, information disseminated toagricultural researchers and educators, and futurecooperation encouraged. There will be ample time
available for networking and discussions during the
breaks in the program and through a social program
incorporating a Welcome Dinner and Field Trips.

In order to avoid the high costs of bank wire transfer
fees, you can pay your registration fee together withyour colleagues. The bank wire transfer fee fortransfers below US $ 1000 are similar.
Field Trips
A series of field trips will be organized and will
demonstrate aspects of weed control in rice and willvisit the Tangkuban Perahu Mountain and Tea
Plantation.

We remind all participants and presenters to pay theirregistration fee early to gain a fantastic early bird rate.
Registrations will be accepted by bank transfer.
1. Bank Transfer
Beneficiary: Himpunan Ilmu Gulma Indonesia (HIGI)
Beneficiary Bank: Bank Negara Indonesia Branch
PTB
Account No: 260520090
Swift Code: BNI NI DJA
Address :Himpunan Ilmu Gulma Indonesia (HIGI)
Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran
Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor
Post code 45363

KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS
1. Steve Adkins (University of Queensland, Brisbane
Australia, Keynote)

Please do write “APWSS2013” and The Participant’s
Name in the place of “Message” (Very Important).

2. Albert Fischer (University of California Davis, USA,
Invited)

2

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

3. Yoshiharu Fujii (Tokyo University. of Agriculture
and Technology, Japan, Invited)

anticipation and realization of the impending impacts ofthis weed have not been well explored. TheCentral
Department of Botany of Tribhuvan University is aleading institution in conducting research on theecological impactsof parthenium weed in Nepal. Since
2006, nine MSc theses have been completed on
aspects of parthenium weed invasion as well as theecological and socioeconomic impacts of this invasion.
Recently the Department received an international
grant from the International Foundation of Science(IFS), Sweden to conduct ecological research into theparthenium weed invasion in Nepal. This project will
map the distribution of the weed and two of its
biocontrol agents (Zygogramma bicolorata and
Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola) throughout Nepal
and the data will be used to identify future suitable
habitats potentially at risk of invasion by a predictivemodeling approach. Suitable habitats for parthenium
weed are those regions with a high vulnerability to its
invasion and ecological damage while the suitable
habitats for the biocontrol agents refers to the regions
where the biocontrol agents may be effective inmanaging the weed. The data obtained from thisresearch study will be useful for the development of amanagement plan to control this weed within Nepal. Dr.
Bharat Babu Shrestha of the Department is thecoordinator and principle investigator of this project.

4. Kwang Ho Park (Korean National College ofAgriculture, Invited)
5. Trevor James (AgResearch Hamilton, New
Zealand, Invited)
6. Aurora Baltazar (University of the Phillippines Los
Banos, Invited)
7. A.R. Sharma (Weed Science Research India,
Invited)8. Soekisman Tjitrosoedirjo (SEAMEO BIOTROP,
Indonesia, Invited)
9. N T Yaduraju & AN Rao ICRISAT, India.
PRIZE
The best oral presentation for student
1. The best poster for student
2. The best oral presentation (for young scientist< 40 years old)
We recommend you to select your hotel and book the
hotel early in order to obtain the best rate. You canbook the hotel directly or book it through us.
For more information or to register please visit thewebsite www.apwss2013.com.

International funding for research on
Parthenium in Nepal, Bharat Babu
Shrestha
Parthenium(Parthenium
hysterophororus
L;
Asteraceae), a native of Central America, is anenvironmental invasive weed of tropical to subtropicalAsia, Australia, Africa and the Pacific. The weed wasintroduced to South Asia during 1950s and currently it
is found in all seven countries in this region. In Nepal,
the presence of this weed was noticed during the
1960s but a big population outbreak occurred in 1990s.
Now it is among the most dominant components of thevegetation in fallow land, grasslands and within theroadside vegetation of the urban and peri-urban areasin the southern part of Nepal. Through the road
networks, the weed has been rapidly expanding
northward into the mid hills at higher elevations. This
rapid expansion of parthenium weed has emerged as a
new environmental problem within Nepal but the

The luxurious growth of parthenium weed in fallow land of the
Chitwan valley, central Nepal (Photo: BB Shrestha)

12th Queensland Weeds Symposium– Weeds Everyone’s BusinessThis Symposium was very successful in covering awide range of issues and demonstrations. There were3

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

two days of oral and poster presentations at the Boat
Club, Urangan and a one day field trip to Tiaro andplaces in between, including demonstrations at the
Maryborough Equestrian Centre/Show grounds.

National Significance) in Black Swamp Creek, near
Hervey Bay. Contact Juliet Musgrave, FCRC, Hervey
Bay Tel: 4197 4474 (as for Col).
Weed seed spread: The number of weeds seeds onvehicles, their variation across the seasons, theirlocation in the different parts of the vehicle, and theeffectivenessofwashing
down
has
been
studied. Large numbers were found (209 viable seeds
per utility) and short wash times were not adequate toclean clay soil from vehicles. Contact: Prof Steve
Adkins, University of Queensland Tel: 3365 2072

There were 160 participants from across QLD, northern
NSW, NT,WA and Tasmania, with representatives fromlocal governments, landcare groups, natural resource
management groups, State agencies (Biosecurity QLD,QLD Parks & Wildlife Service, Road Tek), companies(herbicide services, equipment providers, mining,
environment
consultants,
power
infrastructure),
Universities and CSIRO.

Weed seed spread by vehicles is a risk for mining
companies traversing a variety of properties. Arrow
Energy reported on the work done to develop clean
down procedures and their implementation for thecompany fleet. Contact: Peter Austin Tel: 4841
2863/0408 489 616

The following papers were considered to be the mostpractical and applied and were locally relevant to the
Fraser Coast. There were many other subjects
including communication, planning, incentives, andthreats to other parts of the State.

Hudson pear at Cracow: A cactus at Cracow known
as “Cracow pear” was found to be Hudson pear, aClass 1 declared species to be eradicated from
Qld. The mapping of the Hudson pear to locate allplants and provide the basis for the control project wasreported. Contact: Moya Calvert Tel: 3255 4457

Cat’s claw creeper: Control along the Mary River,including two insect species for biocontrol. Contact
Ross Smith, Greater Mary Association, Tiaro Tel 4193
9048. Also, Liz Snow, Research Experimentalist,
Biosecurity QLD Tel: 3255 4455
Herbicide resistance: Resistance has developed fromsuccessive
use
of
some
herbicides
e.g.
glyphosate. Use of glyphosate for future weed control
along roadsides, railways, pipelines and irrigation
channels is at risk. Contact Dr David Thornby, Dept ofAgriculture,
Fisheries
andForestry(DAFF),
Toowoomba Tel: 3255 4473.

The Weed Society of Queensland
launched its ‘Weeds of Southern
Queensland’ app, Associate Professor

Unmanned helicopter: The Yamaha unmanned
helicopter was demonstrated; potential for use overinaccessible areas and dense weed infestations, andfor rapid herbicide application. Contact Mike Johnson,
Yamaha Tel: 02 9827 7593.

In 2011, the Weed Society of Queensland, which ispart of the Council of Australasian Weed Societies,rd
published the 3 Edition of the book ‘Weeds ofSouthern Queensland’. This proved to be exceedingly
popular and the Society had to print a second run.
Subsequently in November 2012, the Society launchedthis highly popular publication in App form, and thus
extending its appeal to users and the broader public.

Steve Walker

Improved basal application of herbicides: Improved
herbicide application for woody weeds wasdemonstrated, namely ThinLine application. Contact:
Chris Love, Dow Agrosciences Tel: 3377 0831

The app contains photos and information for 132
weeds present in Southern Queensland, along withdetails of control and treatment methods. Weeds of all
types are covered including woody weeds, cacti andsucculents, vines, groundcover and herbs, grasses,
and aquatics. There is an extensive section on weed
management techniques and weed hygiene. Declared
weeds are listed, together with a page on landholder
obligations for control of these Class 1, Class 2 orClass 3 weeds.

Water weed control locally: A new water weed
harvester used by Fraser Coast Regional Council for
maintaining its lakes and waterways was demonstrated(remembering that this was a demo to people fromacross QLD & other parts of Aust). Contact: Col
Zemek, FCRC, Hervey Bay Tel: 4197 4474.
Hymenachne control project locally: FCRC isleading a project to control hymenachne (a Weed of4

APWSS NEWS–July 2013This weed identification and treatment guide wasdesigned for use by the widest possible audience, fromcouncil weed control officers through to people keen to
remove weeds from their rural retreats. The bookincludes details of a range of techniques that can beeffectively used by everyone, including information on
the herbicides registered for use in different situations.

The app is available for download from the Apple store
now:
for
AU$1.99.
https://play.google.com/store/search?q=wsq+weeds&c=apps
The following are a few screen shots of the app.

has focused largely on organophosphate exposures,
while research on other pesticides is limited. A study
conducted in France during 1998 to 2000, using 567
farmers aged 37–78 years revealed that 83 (14.6%) of
those farmers self-reported treatment or hospitalization
for depression. The hazard ratio for depression among
those who used herbicides was 1.93 (95% confidence
interval (CI): 0.95, 3.91); there was no association with
insecticides or fungicides. Compared with nonusers,

Herbicides cause depression –results of a study in France
Pesticides are ubiquitous neurotoxicants, and several
lines of evidence suggest that exposure may be
associated with depression. Epidemiologic evidence5

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

those who used herbicides for <19 years and ≥19
years (median for all herbicide users, 19 years) had
hazard ratios of 1.51 (95% CI: 0.62, 3.67) and 2.31
(95% CI: 1.05, 5.10), respectively. Similar results were
found for total hours of use. Results were stronger
when adjusted for insecticides and fungicides. There is
widespread use of herbicides by the general public,
although likely at lower levels than in agriculture. Thus,
determining whether similar associations are seen atlower levels of exposure should be explored.

Asia, Australia in approximately 60 countries. Lantana
was reported to have been introduced to India in about
1809, as an ornamental hedge in Calcutta. It thenescaped from this site of introduction and has now
became a major weed across the whole country.

Probably, such studies are needed in Asia Pacificregion too as the use of herbicides is increasing year
by year. Scientific studies on the availability and usageof herbicides in the Asia Pacific region would enable
researchers to recommend only those herbicides thatare not harmful to the the users.

Lantana camera

Basic source: Weisskopf, M.G.., Moisan, F., Tzourio,C., Rathouz, P.J. and Elbaz, A. 2013. Pesticide
Exposure and Depression Among Agricultural Workers
in France. American Journal of Epidemiology.
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/07/11/
aje.kwt089)(News item contribution from Dr. A. N. Rao)

Alligator weed (Alternatheraphiloxeroides L.) invaded lakes ofKashmir.

(News item contribution by Dr. A. N. Rao)

Lantana is a major weed of forests ofHimachal Pradesh, India

Alligator weed (Alternathera philoxeroides), a
perennial, floating emergent, noxious invasive aquaticweed, has recently invaded all the famous fresh water
bodies in Kashmir. Although it is supposed to be a
subtropical weed native to South America it has
recently infiltrated the Kashmiri lakes and has rapidly
become a serious threat, like many other noxious
invasive weeds. Alligator weed was reported for the
first time in Wular Lake in 2008 in a dispersed form, but
within 5 years it has spread to all fresh water lakes andforms thick mats, particularly in Dal Lake and in all its
tributaries and channels. With the formation of the thickmats, large and extensive rafts are now breaking off
and floating on the surface of water allowing the weed
to spread widely within the Dal Lake and Nageen water
systems. In shallow water, especially at the lakemargins, it remains attached to the lake substratum.
This weed has a worldwide distribution. In India it is
now reported from Assam, Bihar, West Bengal,
Tripura, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Delhi and Punjab. It grows even in
marshy boggy places and tolerates all abnormal
weather conditions.

Himachal Pradesh a state in the northern part of India,
crowned by the rugged peaks of the western
Himalaya’s. According to a 2005 report published by
the Forest Survey of India, the hill state, has 14,752
square km of forested land, 1,097 of which is very
densely forested.
In a written statement to the
Assembly of Himachal Pradesh on April 2, 2013, theForest Minister Mr. Thakur Singh Bharmouri said “Asper the survey conducted by the forest department,
1,852.85 square km of forest are under the cover ofweeds.” Of the forest area covered by weeds, lantana
alone covered 1,562.85 square km of the total affected
area. The minister said “To root out lantana, a cut-root
stock method has been adopted. After clearing theweed, foliage fodder is being replanted. From 2009 to2013 lantana was removed from 6,305 ha of forest landin the state. In 2013-14, the Government of Himachal
Pradesh aims to clear lantana from 5,000 ha (Source:
http://hillpost.in/2013/04/02/over-1800-sq-km-himachalforests-under-weeds/64165/latest-news/hp_bureau)”

Another aquatic weed of concern in the lakes ofKashmir is Azolla (Sci name), a water fern which wasreported first in the year 2004. It has alreadyLantana camera is native to central and south America
and has spread across tropical and sub-tropical Africa,

6

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

deteriorated the essence, charm, water quality andpromoted eutrophication, as well as wiping out many
medicinal and highly nutritional aquatic plants. In
addition, it has been responsible for the loss of many
underwater life forms from the Kashmiri lakes,
including Manasbal,Wular, Nageen, Dal, Hokher Sar,
Anchar lakes. The presently used management
methods of surface removal are resulting in the rapid
spread of this noxious weed. The state and National
Government authorities have a serious role to play incurtailing the invasion of this notorious aquatic weed in
Kashmir and other states of India.

Glyphosate inhibits plant growth by blocking an
enzyme known as EPSP synthase, which is involved in
the production of certain amino acids and othermolecules that account for as much as 35% of a plant’smass. One of the genetic-modification techniques
used, in the Roundup Ready crops is the insertion ofgenes into a crop’s genome to boost its EPSPsynthase production. These genes are usually derived
from bacteria that infect plants. The extra EPSP
synthase lets the plant withstand the effects ofglyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also attempted touse genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost
EPSP-synthase production, in part to exploit a loopholein US law that facilitates regulatory approval oforganisms carrying transgenes not derived frombacterial pests.
Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as
those that confer glyphosate resistance can, once they
get into the weedy or wild relatives through crosspollination, make those plants more competitive insurvival and reproduction. It is generally believed thatsuch transgenes will confer disadvantages in the wildin the absence of selection pressure (the herbicide),
because the extra machinery would reduce the plants
fitness. However, now a study led by Lu Baorong, anecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges
the view and shows that a weedy form of the common
rice (Oryza sativa), gets a significant fitness boost fromhaving glyphosate resistance, even when glyphosate is
not applied. In their study, published in New
1
Phytologist , Lu and his colleagues genetically modified
the cultivated rice species to over express its own
EPSP synthase and then cross-bred the modified ricewith a weedy relative Which was??.The team thenallowed the cross-bred offspring to breed with one
another, creating second-generation hybrids that were
genetically identical to one another except in thenumber of copies of the gene encoding for EPSP
synthase. As expected, those with more copies
expressed higher levels of the enzyme and produced
more of the amino acid tryptophan than theirunmodified counterparts. The researchers also foundthat the transgenic hybrids had higher rates ofphotosynthesis, grew more shoots and flowers andproduced 48–125% more seeds per plant than nontransgenic hybrids, in the absence of glyphosate.
Making weedy rice more competitive could exacerbate
the problems it causes for farmers around the world
whose plots are invaded by the pest, as per theauthors of that paper.

Alligator weed (Alternathera philoxeroides)(Source link:
http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Jul/9/another-deadly-invasion-9.asp)(Contributed by Dr. A. N. Rao, India)

Weedy rices may become more
weedy with transgenes introduction–a study shows
A genetic-modification technique used widely to makecrops herbicide resistant has been shown to confer
advantages on a wild form of rice, even in the absenceof the herbicide. The findings of Wang et al., (2013)
suggest that the effects of such genetic modification
have the negative potential of extending beyond thefarms and into the wild populations of weeds. Several
types of crops have been genetically modified to beresistant to glyphosate, an herbicide first marketed
under the trade name Roundup. This glyphosate
resistance enables farmers to wipe out most weedsfrom the fields without damaging their crops.

“If the EPSP-synthase gene gets into the wild ricespecies, their genetic diversity, which is really
important to conserve, could be threatened because

7

APWSS NEWS–July 2013

the genotype with the transgene would outcompete thenormal species. This is one of the best examples of theextremely plausible damaging effects of GM crops ontheenvironment(http://www.nature.com/news/genetically-modifiedcrops-pass-benefits-to-weeds-1.13517)
The study also challenges the public perception thatgenetically modified crops carrying extra copies of theirown genes are safer than those containing genes frommicroorganisms. However, Lu’s study shows that this is
not necessarily the case. The present findings calls fora rethinking of the future regulation of geneticallymodified crops and the study shows that novel
products still need to be careful evaluated.

has presented at many National and International
Conferences.

New Executive Council of IndianSociety of weed Science
The newly elected Executive Council (EC) (2013-2014)of Indian Society of Weed Science (ISWS) are:
1. Dr. N.T. Yaduraju, President.
2. Dr. T. V. R. Prasad, Vice President
3. Dr. A. R. Sharma, Secretary

Source: Wei Wang., Hui Xia., , Xiao Yang., Ting
Xu., Hong Jiang Si., Xing Xing Cai., Feng Wang., Jun
Su., Allison A. Snow., and Bao-Rong Lu. 2013. A novel
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate(EPSP)
synthase transgeneforglyphosate
resistancestimulates growth and fecundity in weedy rice (Oryza
sativa)without
herbicide. New
Phytol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12428 (2013).

4. Dr. Shobha Sondhia
The charge of the ISWS was symbolically handed overto the new EC by outgoing president Dr. T. V.
Muniappa to newly elected president Dr. N. T.
Yaduraju during the Executive Council meeting of
ISWS held on 2/2/2013 at the Directorate of Weed
Science Research, Jabalpur, M.P., India (seephotograph).

A.N. Rao, joined ICRISAT as Visiting
Scientist
Dr. A. N. Rao., a Senior
Weed Scientist, who got
over thirty five years of
researchexperience
gained at International Rice
Research institute (IRRI)(IRRI/Egypt;
IRRI/Philippines;
IRRI/india); International Crops Research Institute(ICRISAT); Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University(ANGRAU) and several other organizations, has joined
ICRISAT as a Visiting Scientist, Resilient dry landsystems – ICRISAT and IRRI. Dr. Rao will be based at
ICRISAT and transferring the available IRRI ricetechnologies to the farming community of Karnataka,where direct-seeding is becoming popular.
Indian Society of Weed Science (ISWS) has given the
Indian Society of Weed Science prestigious “ISWSGold Medal Award: 2010-2011” to Dr. A. N. Rao, in
recognition of the outstanding contributions he made in
the field of Weed Science to both Indian and theInternational farming communities. Dr. A. N. Rao has
more than 100 research papers and popular articles on
weed management, published in reputed Journals and8APWSS NEWS–July 2013

International Parthenium Weed
Network meeting

Upcoming Conferences on Weed
Science and Invasive Species Events

Dear members of the International Parthenium
Weed Network

24th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society
Conference
Dates: October 22-25, 2013
Venue: Bandung, Indonesia
http://apwss2013.com/

At the APWSS Conference in Bandung 22-25
October 2013, there will be a meeting of theInternational Parthenium Weed Network (day andtime to be advised). I hope many of you will beattending the Conference and will be able to join
the meeting. The meeting is open to anyone
interested in parthenium weed including those that
may not yet be members of the Network, so if you
know of other people who might be interested, feel
free to let them know about it.

XIV International Symposium on Biological Control
of weeds
Dates: 2-7 March 2014,
Venue: Kruger National Park, RSA
http://www.isbcw2014.uct.ac.za/th

4 International Symposium on Weeds andInvasive Plants
Dates: May 18-30, 2014
Venue: Montpellier, France

The Group has been quiet active over the past
couple of years with our Newsletters on the
APWSS web site (www.APWSS.org) and under thelink iPaWN.

http://invasive.weeds.montpellier.ewrs.org/default.aspth
8 Neobiota Conference
Dates: November 3 - 8, 2014
Venue: Antalya, Turkey
http://oekosys.tu-berlin.de/menue/neobiota/

It would good idea if each country could select one
representative to give a brief 5 minute update on
the latest situation within their country with respect
to weed spread, impacts and management
Steve Adkins

9