Mimosa Private Reserve. Bonito, MS - Brazil

PPA Futures: Assessing and advancing
the role of private protected areas
Sue Stolton and Nigel Dudley,Equilibrium Research, UK
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PPA Futures
 Project: short introduction
 Challenges: facing private

protected areas (PPAs)
 Status: what we know anddon’t know
 Approach: how can wefurther promote PPAs
 Next steps: towards theWorld Parks Congress in
Sydney in 2014

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Patagonie Park, PPA in Chile

The projectEliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, Brazil
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PPA Futures
 Funded by the Linden Trustfor Conservation
 In collaboration with IUCN
 Process: Global review ofPrivate Protected Areas (PPAs)
 Outcome: Understanding theopportunities, constraints,incentives and disincentives for
PPA development
 Aim: Enabling environment
globally and nationally leading
to the increased designationand strengthening of PPAs
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PPA in Australia

Research 17 country reviews of PPA status
 Literature review of existingresearch Expert meetings
 Calls for information/conferences
Increase in research papers
on PPAs over time

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Location of country reviews

Why PPAs?
 Protected since 1970s but notofficially recorded
 One of the most popular nature
conservation sites owned andmanaged by NGOs and theirsupporters in Wales Important for connectivity
between national park, nature
reserve and other PPAs
 Ecosystem service: floodplain Biodiversity: wide range ofhabitats and species
 Education: local and national
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Ynyishir Nature Reserve, WalesGlobal under reporting Canada: “no comprehensive

information regarding privateprotected areas across thecountry”
 Australia:“The nationalreporting of private protectedareas is somewhat more ad hoc
and is not comprehensive”
 Germany: “There is no central
database of PPAs”
 Kenya: “As yet there is nocentralised database covering
all types of PA”
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve.PPA,Corumbá,USA MS,
BrazilThe Challenges

Espai Natura “Alinya Mountain”(Catalan Pre-Pyrenees), Spain, 5352 ha
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Understanding PAs
 IUCN has spent the last twodecades reviewing the questionof what defines a “protectedarea”
 Created a common language forunderstanding PAs across theglobe, through the IUCN PA
definition, six management
categories and governancetypes
 Developed a series of global
guidance documents
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

Reporting PAs
 IUCN and UNEP WCMC havebeen recording the global PA
estate since the 1960s
 Mandate from the UN andlatterly the CBD Reporting has focused on
information provided bygovernments
 The reporting standard for theWorld Database on Protected
Areas is the IUCN definition,categories and governancetypes
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilPA definition
 The definition of a protected

area: A clearly defined
geographical space, recognised,
dedicated and managed,
through legal or other effectivemeans, to achieve the longterm conservation of nature
with associated ecosystemservices and cultural values Six categories of management
approaches and four
governance types
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilGovernance Who has responsibility and isheld accountable for decisions
about a given protected area?
A. the government (and its
agencies at various levels)
B. various parties (comanagement)
C. owners of the concerned landand natural resources (privateindividuals, corporate actors…)
D. indigenous peoples and local
communities

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilGovernance Who has responsibility and isheld accountable for decisions
about a given protected area?
A. the government (and itsagencies at various levels)
B. various parties (comanagement)
C. owners of the concerned
land and natural resources(private individuals,corporate actors…)
D. indigenous peoples and local
communities
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilHam Wall, RSPB Reserve, England

Importance “While private lands cover a

relatively small portion of theoverall land base, they may bedisproportionately important interms of protecting biologicaldiversity”

 “There is a broad consensus

that private protection has a keyrole to play in biodiversityconservation”

 “Private protected areas havean important role to play insecuring land of highbiodiversity importance”

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

2,200 km2 total
700 km2 NTZ
31%Penemu/Bambu

770 km2 NTZ
22% of MPAKoon

1,500 km2 total
25 km2 NTZ
30% of MPA
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The Status

Crane’s Beach PPA, USA
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Global under reporting Reviewing 10 of the 17 PPA

Futures reviews received so far
has identified over 11,000 PPAs
 Far more than identified on theWDPA And there are many more
thousands in Europe, US, etc
not included in this figure

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

Australia
 National protected area databases don’t adequately
account for PPAs
 ~5,000 terrestrial properties that could be considered
PPAs in Australia covering 8.5 million hectares
Covenanting program

NumberArea (ha)Victoria: Trust for Nature covenants
NSW Voluntary Conservation Agreements
NSW Registered Property Agreements
NSW Nature Conservation Trust covenants
Tasmanian Private Land Conservation Program covenantscovenants
South Australian Heritage Agreements
Queensland Nature Refuges
Western Australian DEC
Western Australian National Trust covenants
Northern Territory Conservation Covenants
Total

1242
367
237
41
703

53,370143,050
44,1502,444
83,644

Averagesize (ha)
(ha)
43
390
186
60
119

1518
453
169
162
24894

643,6313,438,004
17,386
17,879640
4,444,198

424
7589
103
110
320
908

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

Chile: over a million ha not reported
6.2% Official
19 out of 308

Private vs public protection in Chile

11%308 PCIs / 1.57 m. (ha)89%14.500.000 (ha)Sourve: Own elaboration based on data from: Núñez-Ávila M., E. Corcuera, A. Farías, P. Pliscoff, J. Palma, M. Barrientos y C. Sepúlveda. 2013.
Diagnóstico y Caracterización de Iniciativas de Conservación Privada en Chile. Fundación Senda Darwin en colaboración con ASI Conserva
Chile A.G. para proyecto MMA/GEF-PNUD “Creación de un Sistema Nacional de Integral de Áreas Protegidas para Chile: Estructura Financieray Operacional”. Santiago, Chile.

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The Approach

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Reserva Costera Valdiviana. Chile. Foto N.Hall

Understanding PPAs
 We need to develop broad

global understanding of key PPAissues
 PPA Futures Project currently
looking at three key issues
relating to: Terminology – the word“private”
 Definition – how to apply
IUCN definition to PPAs
 Recognition – different ways
in which countries recognise
PPAs
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Eliezer Batista Private
Reserve.
MS,PRNHs
ParqueCorumbá,
das Neblinas,
Brazilphoto: Ecofuturo InstituteTerminology
 The problems in a name:the name “private protectedarea” is problematic to somebecause it suggests that suchareas are exclusive; in fact
private protected areas areoften public space managed byNGOs etc.
 Privately Managed PAs
might be a better option?

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilDefinition
 PPA should always be linked tolong-term conservation intent
 Intent should transcend changeof ownership (througheasement, covenant, wills,government legal processes rePA legislation etc)
 Can we develop global
guidance on understanding“intent” which can beadapted and applied
nationally?
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Eliezer Batista
YnyishirPrivateNatureReserve.
Reserve,Corumbá,
Wales MS,
BrazilDefinition
 PPAs should have statedconservation objectives
 Management effectivenessassessment and systems ofverification can help ensure
achievement of objectives andevidence of conservation
success
 Do we need to develop
specific assessment systems
for PPAs?

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
BrazilRecognition
 Some countries include PPAs inlegislation (e.g. Brazil)
 In others, networks,associations, or organisations ofPPAs collect data (e.g. Chile) IUCN and conservation NGOs
can also be information
providers (e.g. IUCN NationalCommittee UK) Do we need to develop a
verification process for data
providers – through IUCN
WCPA?
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

Next steps
Distribution of Private Reserve in Brazilian Biomes

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Next steps: COP 11
 2014 the year when westart taking PPAs seriously!
 Convention on BiologicalDiversity 11th Conference ofParties in Korea
 Information paper on PPAs
circulated by IUCN (or from theCBD Secretariat)
 Statements read from the floor Text in COP decision Possibly, hold a side event

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

Next steps: WPC PPA pathway through the 6thWorld Parks Congress inAustralia
 Keynote speaker Sessions in streams 1 & 6
 Field trips to PPAs in Sydney Text within the ‘Sydney Promise’ Capacity development events
 Publication launches Photo show and case studies

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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,Brazil

Information
 Join IUCNs World Commission on

Protected Areas Specialist Groupon PPAs ... contact Brent
Mitchell: brentmitchell@qlf.org
 Send information to the PPA
Futures Project to:
Sue@EquilibriumResearch.com
Thanks to all those working with us on
the PPA Futures project for the various
pictures and diagrams used in this PPT.
All pictures are copyrighted and should
not be used by third parties.

 THANK YOU
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Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,
Brazil