Reef and Shore Fishes of

BIDONG ISLAND
off east coast of Malay Peninsula
Hiroyuki Motomura
Seishi Kimura
Seah Ying Giat
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul Kadir
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar

Reef and Shore Fishes of

BIDONG ISLAND
off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Hiroyuki Motomura ∙ Seishi Kimura ∙ Seah Ying Giat
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul Kadir ∙ Mazlan Abd GhaffarReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Copyright © 2021 by the Kagoshima University Museum, University Malaysia Terengganu, and Mie
University
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the photographs are held by the
Kagoshima University Museum and Mie University.
Motomura, H., S. Kimura, Y. G. Seah, S. T. Sheikh Abdul Kadir, and M. A. Ghaffar (eds). 2021 (Jan.). Reefand shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula. The Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima. 80 pp., 224 figs.
ISBN 978-4-905464-19-8
Design & DTP by Hiroyuki Motomura (Kagoshima University Museum)
Printing by Asahi Co. Ltd. (Kagoshima City)
Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
Published on 5 January 20212

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

PrefaceI would like to express my sincere gratitude to all members of Bidong Island Ichthyological
Expeditions for their dedicated continuous hard work in the field and upon completion of this book.
The Bidong Island and Northeastern nearshore Ichthyofaunal scientific expedition was conducted in
two separate series on 25th September to 2nd October 2015 and 11th to 18th August 2017 respectively.
The expedition was jointly organized by the Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Faculty of Scienceand Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Faculty of Agriculture Universiti
Putra Malaysia. The expeditions have been conceived to fill a void in ichthyofaunal diversity within
Malaysia coastal waters under auspices of the Japan Society for the Promotion Science (JSPS) ASIANACORE-COMSEA PROGRAM (G2F) activities. In addition to scientific expedition, the Workshop
on Fish Taxonomy was also carried out at Bidong Island and at the Faculty of Fisheries and Food
Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu as parts of the capacity building for 25 young scientists underassistance of the Japanese and local ichthyologists. The involvement of passionate young scientists in
exploring and learning the fascinating field in ichthyology is a good indication of our effort to attract
more potential taxonomists in exploring the unknown to become known in the world of animal kingdom
biodiversity.
Full credits to all expedition members whose produce stunning quality of fishes’ photographs taken
through-out the expedition. Recent advance in photography instrument and technique has unveil a new
approach in today’s taxonomy studies.
Finally, I would like to convey heartiest gratitude to the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE) Vote number: 53177, JSPS ASIAN COMSEA PROGRAM, and JSPS CORE-to-CORE
CREPSUM for providing financial assistance and supports throughout the program.

Professor Dr Mazlan Abd Ghaffar (FASc.)

Deputy Vice Chancelor (Research and Innovation)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu(National Coordinator for Collaborative Research and Education
Project in Southeast Asia for Sustainable Use of Marine Ecosystem:CREPSUM)3

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Editors
Hiroyuki Motomura

The Kagoshima University Museum, Japan.
E-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.
ac.jp

Seishi Kimura

Mie University, Japan. E-mail: kimura-s@
bio.mie-u.ac.jp

Seah Ying Giat

Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science &South China Sea Repository and ReferenceCenter, University Malaysia Terengganu,
Malaysia. E-mail: ygseah@umt.edu.my

Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul
KadirSouth China Sea Repository and ReferenceCenter, Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu,
Malaysia. E-mail: sititafzil@umt.edu.my

Mazlan Abd Ghaffar

Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu,
Malaysia. E-mail: magfish05@yahoo.com

Authors
Araki, Moeri
Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Japan
Aziz Arshad
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra
Malaysia, Malaysia
Dewa, Yuna
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University,
Japan
Fujiwara, Kyoji
The United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan

Furuhashi, Ryusei
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University,Japan

Muto, Nozomu
School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Japan

Hata, Harutaka
Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research,
National Museum of Nature and Science,Japan

Nakae, Masanori
National Museum of Nature and Science,Japan

Hibino, Yusuke
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History &Human History, Japan
Imamura, Hisashi
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido
University, Japan
Kimura, Seishi
See Editors
Koeda, Keita
Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation,
Japan
Koreeda, Reo
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University,
Japan
Matsunuma, Mizuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University,
Japan
Matsuura, Keiichi
National Museum of Nature and Science,Japan
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
See Editors
Meii Mohamad-Norizam
Faculty of Sciences and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu,
Malaysia
Mohd Sharol Ali
Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Motomura, Hiroyuki
See Editors
Murase, Atsunobu
Nobeoka Marine Science Station, University of Miyazaki, Japan

4

Nakamura, Jumpei
The Kagoshima City Aquarium, Japan
Okamoto, Makoto
Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Fisheries Research Agency,Japan
Sasaki, Daichi
Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute,Japan
Seah Ying Giat
See Editors
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul Kadir
See Editors
Siti Waznah Abdurahman
Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah
of Science, International Islamic University
Malaysia, Malaysia
Tashiro, Satokuni
Ishigaki Tropical Station, Japan Fisheries
Research and Education Agency, Japan
Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar
Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Wada, Hidetoshi
The United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
Wibowo, Kunto
The United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
Yoshida, Tomohiro
Marine Ecology Research Institute, Japan
Yusri Yusuf
Faculty of Sciences and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu,
Malaysia(alphabetical order)Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Contents

Synanceiidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17

Labridae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 52

Preface •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3

Aploactinidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18

Scaridae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 58

Editors •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4

Epinephelidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18

Pinguipedidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59

Authors •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4

Pseudochromidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20

Tripterygiidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59

Acknowledgments ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6

Plesiopidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21

Blenniidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62

Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7

Opistognathidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22

Gobiesocidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66

How to use this guide •••••••••••••••••••••••• 9

Apogonidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22

Callionymidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66

Muraenidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11

Carangidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28

Gobiidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67

Clupeidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11

Leiognathidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30

Ptereleotridae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 75

Engraulidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11

Lutjanidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 32

Ephippidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 75

Plotosidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12

Caesionidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33

Sphyraenidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 76

Synodontidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12

Nemipteridae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33

Scombridae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 76

Antennariidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13

Lethrinidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 36

Bothidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 76

Holocentridae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13

Mullidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37

Monacanthidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77

Pegasidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14

Pempheridae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37

Ostraciidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77

Centriscidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15

Monodactylidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38

Tetraodontidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78

Syngnathidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15

Chaetodontidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38

Diodontidae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 78

Mugilidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16

Pomacanthidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40

Scientific name index ••••••••••••••••••••• 79

Atherinidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17

Pomacentridae ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41

Scorpaenidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17

Terapontidae •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51

5

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Acknowledgements
The Bidong Island ichthyofaunal surveys were supported
by University Malaysia Terengganu(UMT), including the South China
Sea Repository and Reference Center, Faculty of Fisheries and Food
Science, and Centre of Corporate
Communication for field work assistance and Center of Research andField Services for vessel assistance.
We are deeply grateful to Nurzuhrah
Binti Hassan, Mohd Rodila Bin Ibrahim, Mohd Azam Bin Mat Yaacob,
Azwarina Binti Mohd Azmi Ramasamy, and Noratikah Binti Ab. Manaf(Institute of Oceanography and Environment, UMT), and Kamarul Azwan
Bin Kadir and other staff of the Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science,
UMT for assistance during field surveys in Bidong Island. Japanese teamthanks Yusof Shuaib Bin Ibrahim(Faculty of Sciences and Marine Environment, UMT), Ahmad Shuhaimi
Bin Draman (Institute of TropicalAquaculture and Fisheries, UMT),
and Shumpei Iehata and Norhafiz
Hanafi Bin Ahmad Shah (Faculty ofFisheries and Food Science, UMT)
for kind support during their stay in
Malaysia. We also thank Masatoshi
Meguro and Ai Yoshiura (formerly
Kagoshima University), and Rei Matsuo, Yumeka Takahashi, and Taishi
Yadome (formerly Mie University)
for assisting in collecting fishes, You
Sakurai (Okinawa Environmental
Research Co., Ltd.), Koichi Shibukawa (Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka), Yuki
Kimura (Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries,
Osaka Prefecture), and Hiroshi Senou(Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of
Natural History) for providing species identifications, Gordon K. Yearsley (Ellipsis Editing) for checking an
early version of this guide, and Hiroaki Saito (Atmosphere and Ocean
Research Institute, the University ofTokyo) for opportunity of publishing this field guide. The Bidong fish
specimens on this book were collected during the JSPS (Japan Society for
Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan)
Asian Core Program, “Establishment

6of Research and Education Network
on Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia”, and the JSPS Core-toCore Program: B Asia-Africa Science
Platforms (JPJSCCB20200009),
supported by UMT, the Ministry ofHigher Education (Government of
Malaysia), and University Putra Malaysia. This study was also supported
in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant
Numbers JP23580259, JP26450265,
JP26840131, and 20H03311; theJSPS Core-to-Core Program (JPJSCCB20200009); the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots inJapan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba,
Japan; the “Establishment of Glocal
Research and Education Networkin the Amami Islands” project ofKagoshima University adopted by
the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and the “Ichthyofauna Scientific
Research in Bidong Island and Setiu
Wetland” project of UMT (UMT/RMIC/SIG/2014/53133).

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Introduction
The ichthyofauna in the vicinityof the Malaysian state of Terengganu,
located on the eastern Malay Peninsula and facing the South China Sea,
has been relatively well surveyed.
Recent publications on fishes of Malaysia, such as Mohsin and Ambak(1996) and Ambak et al. (2010),
treated fishes not only from the Malay Peninsula but also from Borneo(Sarawak and Sabah). Although their
publications included fishes from
Terengganu, it was impossible todetermine which species occurred
there. More recently, Matsunuma
et al. (2011) published a field guideto the fishes of Terengganu, andrecorded 441 marine and estuarine
fish species on the basis of voucher
specimens mainly purchased at local
fish markets. Subsequently, Du etal. (2019) published “common reef
fishes of Terengganu” and recorded
185 marine fish species on the basisof underwater photographs (no specimens collected) from Perhention andRedang islands, which are located in
the South China Sea about 25 and 45
km off Terengganu respectively. Du
et al. (2020) listed 314 species fromthe Redang Islands based on photographs and literature, including Yusuf
et al. (2001).
A Malaysian and Japanese research team recently conducted twolarge-scale fish surveys at Bidong
Island, an uninhabited island locatedabout 40 km off Kuala Terengganu.
The history and environments of
the island were detailed by Seah et

Map showing Terengganu and Bidong Island (created by H. Wada)al. (2020). The University Malaysia
Terengganu’s (UMT) Marine Nature
Station on the island was used to catalog and photograph fishes (following
Motomura and Ishikawa 2013), andalso to present workshops and seminars during the fish surveys. Fishes
were collected by hand nets via scuba
diving and snorkeling, angling fromland and boats, and bottom trawls
operated by UMT research vessels.
Seah et al. (2020) documented trawl
fishes collected around Bidong Island
and recorded 169 species.
In this field guide, we provide
information on 203 fish species collected by hand nets and angling fromcoastal waters of Bidong Island at
depths of mainly less than 30 m. Thisis the first field guide to coral androcky reef shore fishes on the basisof voucher specimens in Malaysianwaters. Of the 203, six species, Pseudochromis coccinicauda (Tickell

University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) research vessel
DISCOVERY II1888) (Pseudochromidae), Apogonseminigracaudus Greenfield 2007
and Pseudamia hayashii Randall,
Lachner & Fraser 1985 (Apogonidae), Halichoeres chrysotaenia(Bleeker 1853) (Labridae), and Eviota atriventris Greenfield & Suzuki
2012 and E. filamentosa Suzuki &Greenfield 2014 (Gobiidae), represent
the first records from the east coast of
the Malay Peninsula. Pseudochromis
coccinicauda also represents the firstrecord of the species from the South
China Sea. Apogon seminigracaudus,
P. hayashii, and E. atriventris arealso recorded from Malaysia for the
first time. Halichoeres chrysotaenia
and E. filamentosa represent the firstrecords from Malaysia and the South
China Sea, and the southernmost records for the species.
To better understand fish diversity
in shallow coral and rocky reefs inthe vicinity of Terengganu, further

Fish team arriving at Bidong Island

7

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
field surveys and specimen-based
identifications with permanent deposition of the specimens at local museums/universities as evidence areneeded.
Literature cited

Ambak, M. A., M. M. Isa, M. Z. Zakaria
and M. A. Ghaffar. 2010. Fishes of Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Kuala Terengganu. xii + 344 pp.
Du, J., K.-H. Loh, W. Hu and X. Zheng.
2019. Common reef fishes of Terengganu, Malaysia. Science Press, Beijing.
xviii + 196 pp.
Du, J., K.-H. Loh , W. Hu, X. Zheng, Y.
A. Affendi, J. Lean, S. Ooi, Z. Ma, M.
Rizman-Idid and A. A. Chan. 2020. An

updated checklist of the marine fish
fauna of Redang Islands, Malaysia. Biodiversity Data Journal, 7: e47537.
Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak(eds.). 2011. Fishes of Terengganu – east
coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tokyo, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Kuala Terengganu, and the Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima. viii +251 pp.
Mohsin, A. K. M. and M. A. Ambak. 1996.
Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia
and neighbouring countries. Universiti
Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang. xxxvi + 744 pp.
Motomura, H. and S. Ishikawa (eds.). 2013.
Fish collection building and procedures

manual. English edition. The Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima andthe Research Institute for Humanity andNature, Kyoto. 70 pp.
Seah, Y. G., T. N. A. M. Jaafar and M. S. Ali(eds.). 2020. Field guide to trawl fishes
near Bidong Island. Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. 144 pp.
Yusuf, Y. B., M. Mohd Norizam, A. B. Ali
and I. Zaidnuddin. 2001. Coral reef fishof some selected sites at Pulau Redang
Marine Park, Terenggganu: A brief
study. Proceeding of National Symposium on Marine Park and Terengganu
Islands “Towards Sustainable Usage andManagement of Islands”. Department of
Fisheries, Kuala Lumpur and Instituteof Oceanography, Kuala Terengganu,
34–45.

Collecting fishes at Bidong Island

Spreading fins of fishes

Spreading fins of small fishes and taking tissue samples

Photography of fishes with generator at night

Seminar held at Bidong Island during fish survey

Fish team leaving Bidong Island for Kuala Terengganu

8

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

How to use this guide
The systematic arrangement offamilies generally follows Nelson(2006). Species in families arearranged in alphabetical order byscientific name. Scientific names
generally follow Fricke et al. (2020),
with some modifications following
recently published taxonomic studies.
Each species record was compiled
from voucher specimens. On eachfigure legend, catalog number andsize (standard or total lengths in mm)
are given. Institutional codes used inthis field guide are as follows: FRLM

(Mie University) and KAUM (Kagoshima University Museum).
The number of spinous and soft
fin rays are described by Roman
numerals (I, II, III, etc.) and Arabic
numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) respectively.
Spinous fin rays are generally called
spines. In the case of the dorsal oranal fins containing both a spine (orspines) and soft rays, the number ofspines and soft rays are separated
by a comma. Gill rakers on the firstgill arch on the right side of the body
were used for counting.

Basic measurements of fishes and abbreviations.

Gill arches of fishes. Left: carangid; right: sebastid.

9

Each species account includes family, scientific, English, and Malaysiannames, and the following information:
Characters (C): Several morphological features, including coloration,
are described.
Size (S): Recorded maximum sizein mm as SL (standard length) or TL(total length) is described.
Distribution (D): Geographic
distribution is described. Typical distribution patterns of marine fishes andtheir terminology follow Motomura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
et al. (2017: 16, unnumbered figs.).
Remarks (R): Comments on taxonomy, nomenclature, comparisons,vertical distribution, habitats, etc, areincluded where appropriate.
The following literature was mainly used to identify the specimens andprepare the species accounts: Carpenter & Niem (1999–2001), Allen &Erdmann (2012), Nakabo (2013), andFroese & Pauly (2020).

Body parts of fishes.

Literature cited

Allen, G. R. & M. V. Erdmann. 2012. Reef
fishes of the East Indies. Vols. 1–3. Tropical Reef Research, Perth. xiv + 1294 pp.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds). 1999–
2001. FAO species identification guidefor fishery purposes. The living marine
resources of the western central Pacific.
Vols. 3–6. FAO, Rome. vi + v + iv + v+1397–4218 pp.
Fricke, R., W. N. Eschmeyer and R. van derLaan (eds). 2020. Eschmeyer’s catalog offishes: genera, species, references. Available at researcharchive.calacademy.org/
research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.
asp.

10

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (eds). 2020. FishBase. Available at www.fishbase.org.
Motomura, H., U. B. Alama, N. Muto, R.
P. Babaran and S. Ishikawa (eds). 2017.
Commercial and bycatch market fishes of
Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines.
The Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima, University of the Philippines
Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for
Humanity and Nature, Kyoto. 246 pp.
Nakabo, T. (ed.). 2013. Fishes of Japan withpictorial keys to the species, third edition.
Vols. 3. Tokai University Press, Hadano.
xlix + xxxii + xvi + 2428 + (ii) pp.
Nelson, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the world. 4thedition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
xix + 601 pp.

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
MURAENIDAE
Gymnothorax herrei
Beebe & Tee-Van 1933
Herre’s Moray
Belut Laut Perang Lampai

KAUM–I. 105076, 230.0 mm TL

C: Body elongate, laterally compressed; anus just or slightly
anterior to mid body; single branchial pore; teeth without serration,intermaxillary teeth arranged in
3 rows; dorsal-fin origin above or
slightly behind gill opening; bodybrown, median fins lacking whitemargin. S: 247 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Sri Lanka to Taiwan
and Papua New Guinea.
Yusuke Hibino
CLUPEIDAE
Amblygaster sirm
(Walbaum 1792)
Spotted Sardinella
Tamban Beluru Tompok

FRLM 55017, 172.8 mm SL

C: Body subcylindrical; ventral
scutes weekly developed, abdomen smooth; predorsal scales
rowed in median series; lower gillrakers 33–43; single row of dark
spots on lateral surface of body(sometimes indistinct); pelvic fin
with 8 rays. S: 251 mm SL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern
Africa to southern Japan andKiribati. R: Schooling in shallow
waters.
Harutaka Hata
ENGRAULIDAE
Stolephorus balinensis(Bleeker 1849)
Great Anchovy
Bilis Bali

KAUM–I. 79852, 123.7 mm SL

11

C: Posterior tip of maxilla justreaching or slightly beyond anterior margin of preopercle; pelvic
fin short, 5.6–9.2% of SL, its posterior tip not reaching to verticalthrough dorsal-fin origin when
depressed; total gill rakers on firstgill arch 35–42. S: 153 mm SL.
D: Western Pacific Ocean, fromsouthern Japan to Gulf of Thailand and Papua New Guinea.
Harutaka Hata

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosus lineatus(Thunberg 1787)
Striped Eel Catfish
Semilang Karang

KAUM–I. 16658, 265.0 mm SL

C: Black to brown color on upperside, white ventrally; pair of narrow white stripes extending fromhead to caudal fin; anterior nostril
tubular, dorsal to upper lip; gillmembranes narrowly attachedacross isthmus. S: 320 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa to Japan and Australia. R: Fin spines
with venom; usually found in coral
reefs, estuaries, tide pools, andopen coasts.
Siti Waznah Abdurahman
SYNODONTIDAE
Saurida tumbil(Bloch 1795)
Greater Lizardfish
Conor Curut

FRLM 51735, 205.3 mm SL

C: Lateral-line scales 50–53; predorsal-fin scale rows 16–19; outerpalatines with 3 rows of teeth anteriorly; outermost ray of pelvic fin
subequal in length to innermost
ray; scale in pectoral-fin axil longand pointed; posterior tip of pectoral fin not or slightly extending
to pelvic-fin base. S: 240 mm SL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa toeastern Australia.
Ryusei Furuhashi
SYNODONTIDAE
Synodus variegatus(Lacepède 1803)
Variegated Lizardfish
Ubi Sisik Pipi

FRLM 55020, 181.1 mm SL

12

C: Scale rows above lateral line
5½; anteriormost palatine teeth
longer than more posterior teeth;
posterior portion of cheek scaled;
inner rays of pelvic fin about 2–3
times longer than outermost rays;
lateral surface of body with seriesof 8–9 dark brown saddle-likebands. S: 240 mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea
and eastern Africa to Polynesia.
Ryusei FuruhashiReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
SYNODONTIDAE
Trachinocephalus trachinus(Temminck & Schlegel 1846)
Bluntnose Lizardfish
Mengkerong

KAUM–I. 16572, 166.3 mm SL

C: Snout very short; inner raysof pelvic fin about 2–3 times longer than outermost rays; anal-finbase longer than dorsal-fin base;body with alternating narrowdark-edged pale blue and yellow
stripes, all bordered by narrowdark brownish line. S: 280 mm
SL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa to
Hawaiian Islands. R: Previously
identified as Trachinocephalus
myops.
Ryusei Furuhashi
ANTENNARIIDAE
Antennatus nummifer(Cuvier 1817)
Spotfin Frogfish
Lepu Tanda

KAUM–I. 16629, 14.1 mm SL

C: Blotch at base of posterior dorsal fin; illicium subequal in length
to second dorsal-fin spine; curved
second dorsal-fin spine with small
membrane posteriorly; nearlystraight third dorsal-fin spine, notconnected to head by membrane;
caudal peduncle present. S: 130
mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan and Australia.
R: Usually found in intertidal zone
on lagoon and seaward reefs.
Siti Waznah Abdurahman
HOLOCENTRIDAE
Myripristis murdjan(Forsskål 1775)
Pinecone Soldierfish
Lolong Karang Murjan
C: One pair of tooth patches onlower-jaw tip; dorsal fin with 11
spines; lateral-line scales 27–29;
gill rakers 36–44; dark blotch on
dorsal part of iris; spinous portionof dorsal fin red on distal part. S:
230 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan and Australia.
Masanori Nakae

KAUM–I. 79870, 40.1 mm SL13

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
HOLOCENTRIDAE
Sargocentron praslin(Lacepède 1802)
Brownspot Squirrelfish
Sebekah Karang Jalur Gelap
C: Cheek with 4 diagonal rows ofscales; lateral-line scales 33–36;
scale rows above lateral line to
middle of spinous portion of dorsal
fin 2.5; upper and lower margins
of caudal fin dark red. S: 320 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from eastern Africa to southern
Japan and New Caledonia.
Masanori Nakae
KAUM–I. 105068, 89.2 mm SL

HOLOCENTRIDAE
Sargocentron rubrum(Forsskål 1775)
RedcoatSebekah Karang Sirip Hijau

KAUM–I. 16575, 152.3 mm SL

C: Cheek with 5 diagonal rows ofscales; lateral-line scales 34–37;
scale rows above lateral line
to middle of spinous portion of
dorsal fin 2.5; upper and lower
margins of caudal fin dark red. S:
320 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to southern Japan and
New Caledonia; eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Masanori Nakae

PEGASIDAE
Spinipegasus laternarius(Cuvier 1816)
Brick Seamoth
Kupu-kupu LautFRLM 55093, 46.1 mm SL

14

C: Body vertically compressed,
tail elongate, covered by bonyplates; dorsal plates with keel;
rostrum short (male longer) andpointed; pectoral fin large; bodycolor variable, bright yellow todusky brown, some with spots
and patterns on body and pectoral
fin. S: 80 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans,from India to Japan and Indonesia.
Yusuke Hibino

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CENTRISCIDAE
Centriscus scutatus
Linnaeus 1758
Grooved Razor-fish
Pisau Kering

FRLM 55090, 96.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays III, 10–12; analfin rays 11 or 12; pectoral-fin
rays 10; body extremely thin,compressed; body fully coveredby sutured bony plates; snout
prolonged; body silvery, generallywith a reddish stripe from snout totail. S: 140 mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea to Japan
and New Caledonia. R: Generally
schooling in coral reefs and seagrass beds.
Yusuke Hibino
SYNGNATHIDAE
Doryrhamphus janssi(Herald & Randall 1972)
Janss’ Pipefish
Unduk-unduk Biru Jingga

KAUM–I. 79910, 34.9 mm SL

C: Trunk rings 16; tail rings
21–23; 2 well developed spines
on superior ridge of posterior 4–6
predorsal trunk rings; no bony
ventrolateral projections on snout
in males; brood area under trunkin males; center of body orange,head and tail blue; caudal finlarge and black, with its centerand margin white. S: 140 mm TL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Andaman
Sea to northern Australia.
Moeri Araki
SYNGNATHIDAE
Halicampus brocki(Herald, 1953)
Brock’s Pipefish
Unduk-unduk Tanduk

KAUM–I. 16630, 53.0 mm SL

15

C: Trunk rings 14; tail rings 33–
37; snout length 2.4–3.0 in headlength; median dorsal snout ridge
discontinuous, with 2 or 3 shortridges; branched dermal flaps onhead; margins of superior trunk
ridges with serrations; 10 or 11
diffuse pale bars crossing dorsum
and upper part of body. S: 120
mm TL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from Indonesia to Japan and Australia. R:
Found at depths of 3–45 m.
Moeri Araki

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
SYNGNATHIDAE
Halicampus grayi
Kaup 1856
Mud Pipefish
Unduk-unduk Tompok

KAUM–I. 105197, 123.0 mm SL

C: Trunk rings 17 or 18 (usually17); tail rings 32–37; snout relatively short, its length 2.0–2.6 inhead length; median dorsal snoutridge discontinuous, with small
spines and spinules; subdorsal
rings elevated. S: 200 mm TL. D:
Indo–West Pacific Ocean, from
Gulf of Aden to Japan and northern Australia. R: Found on sandyor muddy bottoms at depths of
10–100 m.
Moeri Araki
SYNGNATHIDAE
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus(Bleeker 1857)
Double-ended Pipefish
Unduk-unduk Sawa

KAUM–I. 16577, 276.8 mm SL

C: Trunk rings 21–24; tail rings
55–63; snout long and slender(snout length 1.5–2.0 in headlength, snout depth 5.2–11.1 insnout length), arcuate in subadults and adults; body color
variable, from whitish to blackish,plain, spotted, or mottled. S: 400
mm TL. D: Indo–West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, New Caledonia, and Australia. R: Found at
depths of less than 42 m.
Moeri Araki
MUGILIDAE
Plicomugil labiosus(Valenciennes 1836)
Hornlip Mullet
Belanak Bibir Lipat

KAUM–I. 16623, 40.3 mm SL

16

C: Scale rows in longitudinal series 32–37; maxilla curved down
posteriorly; adipose eyefold absent; caudal fin emarginate; body
olive dorsally, silvery ventrally; finsgreenish or yellowish. S: 400 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea to Korea, MarshallIslands, Great Barrier Reef, andNew Caledonia. R: Usually foundin shallow coastal waters, coral
reefs, and in harbours.
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul KadirReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
ATHERINIDAE
Atherinomorus lacunosus(Forster 1801)
Wide-banded Hardyhead Silverside
Paku Perak

KAUM–I. 79874, 76.7 mm SL

C: Upper margin of dentary almost flat distally, without distinct
tubercle at posterior end; midlateral scales 40–44; midlateral bandvery wide, ca. 1½ scale width. S:
143 mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea andeastern Africa to southern Japanand Tonga. R: Found in beaches,sometimes entering estuaries.
Daichi Sasaki

SCORPAENIDAE
Parascorpaena aurita(Rüppell 1838)
Golden Scorpionfish
Depu Kerapu Emas

KAUM–I. 79840, 66.7 mm SL

C: First and second suborbital
ridges well separated, posterior
portion of former overlapping anterior portion of latter; interorbital
ridges well developed posteriorly
from middle of eye, joining as
broad loop level with posterior
margin of orbit, enclosing relatively deep depression; occipital
pit well developed, fairly deep. S:
117 mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan and Australia.
Hiroyuki Motomura
SYNANCEIIDAE
Inimicus didactylus(Pallas 1769)
Demon Stinger
Depu Kala Janggut

KAUM–I. 16574, 147.3 mm SL

17

C: Pectoral fin with free lower
2 rays; snout length longer thanpostorbital length; inner surfaceof pectoral fin with white verticalband centrally and black marginal
band, with white to yellow irregular blotches on marginal band. S:
174 mm SL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Australia.
R: Fin spines with venom. Usually found sandy bottom between
rocks and corals.
Hiroyuki Motomura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APLOACTINIDAE
Acanthosphex leurynnis(Jordan & Seale 1905)
Dwarf Velvetfish
Depu Jengking Sengat
C: Dorsal-fin rays III + IX, 12; first3 spines separate from remainder of fin; anal-fin rays I, 7 or 8; 2
prominent lacrimal spines directed
posteriorly; 4 prominent, expanded preopercular spines; 2 shortbarbels on chin. S: 20 mm SL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from India to southern
China and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma
KAUM–I. 16628, 12.1 mm SL

EPINEPHELIDAE
Cephalopholis boenak(Bloch 1790)
Chocolate Hind
Kerapu Belang Perang

KAUM–I. 79816, 61.1 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 15–17; bodydark brown; many brown transverse bands on body; pectoral
fins dark color; dorsal, anal, andcaudal fins edged bluish white;
white band on head dorsum injuveniles. S: 260 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to Japan and northern Australia. R: Usually found incoastal rocky or reef areas.
Jumpei Nakamura

EPINEPHELIDAE
Cephalopholis cyanostigma(Valenciennes 1828)
Bluespotted Hind
Kerapu Bintik Biru

KAUM–I. 79919, 217.4 mm SL

18

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 15–17;
dorsal profile slightly concave
above eye; body reddish brown;
dark-edged blue spots on head,body, and all fins; some indistinct
whitish transverse bands on entire body. S: 300 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from eastern Sumatra,Indonesia, to Japan, Solomon Islands, and northern Australia. R:
Sometimes confused to C. miniata.
Jumpei Nakamura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
EPINEPHELIDAE
Cephalopholis formosa(Shaw 1812)
Bluelined Hind
Kerapu Garis Biru

KAUM–I. 16646, 206.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 15–17; caudal fin rounded; body yellowish
brown; many longitudinal bluelines on head, body, and all fins;irregular blue spots on aroundsnout and lips. S: 340 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromwestern India to Japan, Philippines, and northern Australia.
R: Usually found in reef areas ofcontinental coasts.
Jumpei Nakamura

EPINEPHELIDAE
Cephalopholis microprion(Bleeker 1852)
Freckled Hind
Kerapu Kepala Bintik

KAUM–I. 79887, 137.9 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 14–16; caudal fin well rounded; body darkbrown; numerous small blue spots
on head and anterior part of body;indistinct dark bands on body. S:
240 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Gulf of Thailand to
Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia, and Great Barrier Reef. R:
Usually found in shallow coastal
areas up to 30 m depth.
Jumpei Nakamura

EPINEPHELIDAE
Epinephelus areolatus(Forsskål 1775)
Areolate Grouper
Kerapu Bintik Bulat

FRLM 54985, 87.8 mm SL

19

C: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 15–17; caudal fin slightly emarginate; body
pale color; numerous yellowish
blotches (almost larger than pupil) on head, body, and all fins;posterior margin of caudal fin
white. S: 470 mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea andeastern Africa to Japan, Fiji, andnorthern Australia. R: Commercially important; body color patterns variable in each geographic
region.
Jumpei Nakamura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
EPINEPHELIDAE
Epinephelus quoyanus(Valenciennes 1830)
Longfin Grouper
Kerapu Tutul

KAUM–I. 105150, 87.2 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 16–18;
snout short; caudal fin rounded;close-set brown blotches on head,body, and all fins, forming pale reticulation; 2 reddish brown oblique
stripes on chest. S: 400 mm TL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Andaman Islands to Japan and northern Australia. R: Usually found in coastal
areas up to 50 m depth.
Jumpei Nakamura

EPINEPHELIDAE
Plectropomus leopardus(Lacepède 1802)
Leopard Coralgrouper
Kerapu Sunuh Bara

FRLM 55160, 283.6 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VIII, 11; body
reddish color; small rounded blue
spots on lateral surface of headand body; bluish ring on aroundeye; posterior margin of caudal
fin white. S: 700 mm TL. D: Western Australia and western Pacific
Ocean, from southern Japan tonorthern Australia and Fiji. R:
Commercially important; sometimes confused to P. laevis and P.
maculatus.
Jumpei Nakamura
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Pseudochromis coccinicauda(Tickell 1888)
Yellow-breasted Dottyback
Gombing Para Dada Kuning

KAUM–I. 79832, 31.6 mm SL

20

C: Segmented dorsal-fin rays 22
or 23; caudal fin brown basally inmales; posterior portion of caudal
peduncle to caudal-fin base red infemales. S: 34.4 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian Ocean (from Laccadive
Islands to Andaman Sea, southern Sumatra, and Java), and Bali
and Bidong Island. R: The Bidong
specimen represents the first records of the species from the east
coast of Malay Peninsula and theSouth China Sea.
Reo Koreeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Pseudochromis fuscus
Müller & Troschel 1849
Brown Dottyback
Gombing Para Perang

KAUM–I. 16571, 61.3 mm SL

C: Segmented dorsal-fin rays 25–
29; pectoral-fin rays 16–20; bodydeep, its depth about one-third ofSL; caudal peduncle short; bodycoloration highly variable fromentirely yellow to nearly black. S:
61.5 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Sri Lanka to southern Japan,
Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. R:
Found in coral reefs at depths ofless than 30 m.
Reo Koreeda
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Pseudochromis ransonneti
Steindachner 1870
Yellowbelly Dottyback
Gombing Para Perut Kuning

KAUM–I. 79885, 24.5 mm SL

C: Segmented dorsal-fin rays 23
or 24 (usually 24); scales in lateral series 36–39; body bluish graydorsally, yellow ventrally; no distinct blotches or bands on body.
S: 34.1 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Sumatra to Gulf of Thailand andPhilippines. R: Found in shallow
coral and rocky reefs at depths ofless than 12 m.
Reo Koreeda

PLESIOPIDAE
Plesiops coeruleolineatus
Rüppell 1835
Redtipped Triplefin
Gobi Balung

KAUM–I. 80061, 46.0 mm SL

21

C: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 7; caudal-fin
margin rounded; body bluish grayto brown; 2 dark blotches behind
eye; dorsal fin bluish, with yellow
to orange distal margin. S: 85 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to southern Japan, Samoa, andAustralia. R: Found in coral androcky reefs at depths of less than23 m.
Reo Koreeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
OPISTOGNATHIDAE
Opistognathus castelnaui
Bleeker 1859
Castelnau’s Jawfish
Belontok Laut Sirip Jalur

FRLM 51741, 120.7 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 14; anal-fin
rays III, 14; pectoral-fin rays 19–
21; gill rakers 28–35; longitudinalscale rows about 90–110; posterior margin of upper jaw reachingor extending beyond opercularmargin; dorsal fin with 7–9 large
brown blotches along its base. S:
280 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Australia.
Daichi Sasaki

APOGONIDAE
Apogon crassiceps
Garman 1903
Transparent Cardinalfish
Sebekah Jernih

KAUM–I. 80016, 14.1 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 13; gill rakers on firstgill arch 3 or 4 + 12–14; free edgeof skin near anterior nasal opening; body semitransparent red. S:
50 mm TL. D: Eastern Andaman
Sea and Pacific Ocean, fromJapan to Australia and Tuamotu
Archipelago. R: Usually foundin coastal and offshore reefs at
depths of less than 20 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida

APOGONIDAE
Apogon seminigracaudus
Greenfield 2007
Darktail Cardinalfish
Sebekah Ekor Gelap

KAUM–I. 79871, 26.9 mm SL

22

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 13; gill rakers on firstgill arch 4 or 5 + 13–15; caudal
peduncle with black pigment extending onto lower lobe of caudal
fin. S: 50 mm TL. D: Japan, Philippines, Malaysia (Bidong Island),Indonesia, and Fiji. R: Usuallyfound in patch or fringing reefs
at depths of less than 30 m; thepresent specimen represents thefirst record of the species from
Malaysia.
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Archamia bleekeri(Günther 1859)
Gon’s Cardinalfish
Sebekah Kepala Kuning

KAUM–I. 79802, 20.9 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 15–17; pectoral-fin rays
14; gill rakers on first gill arch 5–7+ 15–18; body well compressed;
body semitransparent; snout region yellowish; small black blotch
at middle of caudal-fin base. S:
61 mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from eastern Africa to
Taiwan and Australia. R: Usuallyfound in silty areas at depths ofless than 30 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Cheilodipterus artus
Smith 1961
Wolf Cardinalfish
Sebekah Oktojalur Ekor Gelap

KAUM–I. 79888, 165.9 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 12–14; gill rakers on
first gill arch 2–4 + 9–14; developed gill rakers on hypobranchial
1–4; developed gill rakers on ceratobranchial 8–10; preopercularedge smooth. S: 166 mm SL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea
and eastern Africa to Japan andTuamotu Archipelago. R: Foundin sheltered coastal reefs and lagoons at depths of less than 25 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Cuvier 1828
Five-line Cardinalfish
Sebekah Lima Garis

KAUM–I. 16596, 47.8 mm SL

23

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 12 or 13; gill rakers on
first gill arch 1 or 2 + 7–12; bodywhitish with 5 black stripes; black
blotch encircled by yellow on
caudal-fin base. S: 125 mm TL.
D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red
Sea and eastern Africa to Japanand Pitcairn Islands. R: Aggregation among coral reefs and rocks
at depths of less than 40 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Nectamia fusca(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
Ghost Cardinalfish
Sebekah Hantu

KAUM–I. 79864, 55.3 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 13; gill rakers on firstgill arch 4–6 + 17–20; greatest
body depth 2.4–2.7 in SL; bodyand fins dark; dark stripe fromventral margin of orbit to cornerof preopercular margin. S: 80 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan and Samoa. R: Foundin sheltered seaward slopes at
depths of less than 20 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus cavitensis(Jordan & Seale 1907)Whiteline Cardinalfish
Sebekah Ekor Tanda

KAUM–I. 16633, 42.0 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; gill rakers on firstgill arch 4 or 5 + 13 or 14; golden
longitudinal band from snout tocaudal-fin base; narrow yellow
stripe on dorsal body; black blotch
at middle of caudal-fin base. S:
75 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from Indonesia to Vietnam, Philippines,
and Australia. R: Found in silty
coastal reefs at depths of lessthan 20 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus chrysopomus(Bleeker 1854)
Spotted-gill Cardinalfish
Sebekah Pipi Bintik Jingga

KAUM–I. 79869, 90.1 mm SL

24

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; gill rakers on firstgill arch 5 or 6 + 14–16; bodyyellowish; orange blotches on
opercle; black blotch at middleof caudal-fin base. S: 90 mm SL.
D: Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. R: Aggregation in coral
reefs at depths of less than 25 m;
the present specimen represents
the first specimen-based record of
the species from Malaysia.
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus compressus(Smith & Radcliffe 1911)
Ochre-striped Cardinalfish
Sebekah Jalur Perang

KAUM–I. 79901, 50.6 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 9; pectoral-fin rays 13 or
14; gill rakers on first gill arch 7 or
8 + 20–22; body well compressed;
body with reddish brown longitudinal stripes. S: 100 mm TL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from Andaman Sea toJapan, New Caledonia, and Australia. R: Aggregation in lagoon
and coral reefs at depths of lessthan 10 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus cookii(Macleay 1881)
Cook’s Cardinalfish
Sebekah Jalur Ekor Tompok

KAUM–I. 79981, 34.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 15; gill rakers on firstgill arch 18–20; 5 dark brown longitudinal stripes on lateral surface
of body; black blotch, subequal insize to pupil diameter, at middleof caudal-fin base. S: 78 mm SL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa toJapan, New Caledonia, and Australia. R: Usually found in coastal
reefs and lagoons at depths ofless than 10 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus cyanosoma(Bleeker 1853)
Yellow-striped Cardinalfish
Sebekah Calit Kuning

KAUM–I. 16632, 42.5 mm SL

25

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; gill rakers on firstgill arch 4 or 5 + 16–19; bodysilver, with 6 yellow longitudinal
stripes; no blotches or spots at
caudal-fin base. S: 80 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa toJapan, New Caledonia, and Australia. R: Found in coastal andlagoon reefs at depths of usuallyless than 15 m (recorded up to 40m).
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus endekataenia(Bleeker 1852)
Candystripe Cardinalfish
Sebekah Jalur Tompok Besar

KAUM–I. 80034, 60.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; total gill rakers 18–
21; developed gill rakers 13–15;
body whitish, with 6 reddish brown
longitudinal stripes; incomplete
stripes or rows of spots between
main stripes; large black blotch at
middle of caudal-fin base. S: 140
mm TL. D: Western Indonesia,
Vietnam, Brunei, Malaysia, andSingapore. R: Aggregation in coral reefs at depths of less than 15m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus multilineatus(Bleeker 1874)
Many-lined Cardinalfish
Sebekah Gegaris

KAUM–I. 79865, 63.4 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; gill rakers on firstgill arch 5 + 14; body white, withnumerous dark brown stripes;
black blotch, its size less thanorbit diameter, at middle of caudal-fin base. S: 100 mm TL. D:
Western Pacific Ocean, fromIndonesia to Philippines and Solomon Islands. R: Solitary or small
aggregation in lagoon and coral
reefs at depths of less than 25 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Ostorhinchus wassinki(Bleeker 1861)
Kupang Cardinalfish
Sebekah Kupang

KAUM–I. 79813, 43.1 mm SL

26

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 13 or 14; gill rakers
3 or 4 + 13–15; lowermost silver
stripe on body extending to above
anal-fin base. S: 60 mm TL. D:
Western Australia, Indonesia (Balieastward), Malaysia (Bidong Island and Sabah), and Philippines.
R: Found in rocky and coral reefs
at depths of less than 15 m; thepresent specimen represents thefirst specimen-based record of thespecies from Malay Peninsula.
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Pristicon trimaculatus(Cuvier 1828)
Three-spot Cardinalfish
Sebekah Kelam

KAUM–I. 79868, 89.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 14; gill rakers on firstgill arch 5 or 6 + 14–17; bodydeep; body brown, with 3 black
vertical bars (second bar indistinct); black blotch on operculeand middle of caudal-fin base. S:
142 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Australia
and Samoa. R: Found in reef
crevices and ledges at depths ofless than 35 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Pseudamia hayashii
Randall, Lachner & Fraser 1985
Hayashi’s Cardinalfish
Sebekah Bujur Bebintik

KAUM–I. 79908, 19.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 8; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 15–17;
longitudinal scales 23 or 24; developed gill rakers 8. S: 62 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Gulf of Aden to Japan, Caroline Islands, Samoa, and Australia. R: Found in coastal, lagoon,and outer reefs at depths of lessthan 64 m; the present specimen
represents the first record of thespecies from Malaysia.
Tomohiro Yoshida
APOGONIDAE
Taeniamia fucata(Cantor 1849)
Orangelined Cardinalfish
Sebekah Reben Gegaris Jingga

KAUM–I. 79900, 61.5 mm SL

27

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 15–17; pectoral-fin rays
14; gill rakers on first gill arch 4–8+ 14–18; body well compressed;
numerous narrow orange bars
on lateral surface of body; large
black blotch at caudal-fin base.
S: 70 mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, MarshallIslands, Samoa, and Australia. R:
Found in coastal and lagoon reefs
at depths of less than 60 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
APOGONIDAE
Taeniamia zosterophora(Bleeker 1856)
Girdled Cardinalfish
Sebekah Reben Gelang Hitam

KAUM–I. 79893, 55.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 14–16; pectoral-fin rays 13
or 14; gill rakers on first gill arch
5–7 + 14–17; orange bars alongpreopercular and opercular margins; black band on snout; black
spot at middle of caudal-fin base.
S: 56 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Western Australia to Japan and
Vanuatu. R: Found in shelteredbays and lagoons at depths ofless than 15 m.
Tomohiro Yoshida
CARANGIDAE
Alepes vari
(Cuvier 1833)
Herring Scad
Pelata Bali

FRLM 55141, 180.1 mm SL

C: Body oblong and compressed;
snout pointed; adipose eyelid welldeveloped on posterior half ofeye; shoulder girdle (cleithrum)
margin smooth, without papillae;
body silvery blue dorsally and silvery white ventrally; diffuse dusky
blotch on upper margin of opercle. S: 560 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to Japan and Australia. R: Usuallyin schools on clear coastal andoffshore reefs.
Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar
CARANGIDAE
Atule mate
(Cuvier 1833)
Yellowtail Scad
PelataFRLM 55139, 102.7 mm SL

28

C: Body slightly elongated andcompressed; eye with well-developed adipose eyelid; snout
pointed; shoulder girdle marginsmooth; body silvery-greenish
dorsally, with 7 or 8 grey bands;
black blotch on opercle; caudal
fin yellowish. S: 300 mm TL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern
Africa to Hawaiian Islands andSamoa, and Japan to Australia. R:
Forms schools to about 50 m ininshore pelagic waters.
Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CARANGIDAE
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus(Rüppell 1830)
Coastal Trevally
Demuduk CupakFRLM 55136, 228.9 mm SL

C: Body ovate, strongly compressed; breast naked ventrally
up to pectoral-fin base and behindinsertion of pelvic fin; anterior second dorsal and anal fins filamentous in juveniles; total gill rakers
21–27; body sometimes with numerous small yellow spots laterally. S: 410 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to Fiji, and Japan to Australia. R:
Adults inhabit deep coastal reefs.
Tun Nurul Aimi Mat Jaafar
CARANGIDAE
Decapterus russelli(Rüppell 1830)
Indian Scad
Selayang Lampai

FRLM 55137, 119.6 mm SL

C: Upper jaw with truncate posterior margin; single detached finlet
in dorsal and anal fins; pectoral-fin tip reaching below second
dorsal-fin origin; predorsal scaly
area not reaching level of centerof eye; straight part of lateral line
entirely covered by scutes (27–40). S: 300 mm SL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to southern Japan and eastern
Australia.
Seishi Kimura
CARANGIDAE
Selar crumenophthalmus(Bloch 1793)
Bigeye Scad
Lolong Mata Besar

FRLM 54990, 66.6 mm SL

29

C: Adipose eyelid developed,
almost entirely covering eyewith vertical slit on center of
pupil; margin of shoulder girdle(cleithrum) with upper (small) andlower (large) papillae; dorsal andanal fins without detached finlets;
straight part of lateral line nearly same length as curved part,almost completely covered byscutes. S: 270 mm SL. D: Worldwide in tropical and subtropicalwaters.
Seishi Kimura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CARANGIDAE
Selaroides leptolepis(Cuvier 1833)
Yellowstripe Scad
Selar Kuning

FRLM 51643, 133.3 mm SL

C: No teeth on upper jaw; adipose
eyelid developed on posterior halfof eye; margin of shoulder girdle(cleithrum) smooth without papillae; dorsal and anal fins without
finlets; broad longitudinal yellow
stripe from upper margin of eye tocaudal peduncle; prominent black
spot at upper opercle. S: 175 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Persian Gulf to Japan andAustralia.
Seishi Kimura
CARANGIDAE
Trachinotus baillonii(Lacepède 1801)
Smallspotted Dart
Bawal Mas Bintik

KAUM–I. 79980, 133.0 mm SL

C: Body ovate, somewhat elongate, strongly compressed; snout
pointed; first dorsal fin with 6 very
short spines; second dorsal andanal fins falcate anteriorly; lateralline without scutes; 1–6 small (≤eye diameter) black spots laterally
on body (spots absent in juveniles≤ ca. 100 mm SL). S: 400 mm SL.
D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa to Line Islands.
Seishi Kimura

LEIOGNATHIDAE
Deveximentum indicium(Monkolprasit 1973)
Dots-and-dashes Ponyfish
Kekek India

FRLM 55036, 69.6 mm SL

30

C: Body oblong and strongly
compressed; mouth protruding
upward; cheek without scales;
scales above and below lateralline 18–22 and 48–52; about 15
irregular vertical markings (dotsand dashes) on dorsolateral. S:
88 mm SL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Papua New
Guinea. R: Usually found sandy
and muddy bottom; marketed
dried-salted and common in east
coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Seah Ying Giat

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Equulites oblongus(Valenciennes 1835)
Oblong Ponyfish
Kekek Oblong

FRLM 55032, 93.2 mm SL

C: Body oblong and compressed;
mouth protruding downward;
cheek without scales; breast
scaled; second dorsal spine notdistinctly elongated; irregular
oblique wavy dark lines on dorsolateral; row of yellow dots on body
midline; triangular translucent
patch on ventrolateral in males.
S: 100 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa to
Taiwan and Indonesia. R: Usuallyfound sandy and muddy bottom.
Seah Ying Giat
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Gazza minuta(Bloch 1795)
Toothpony
Kekek LabuFRLM 55037, 98.7 mm SL

C: Body rhomboid and compressed; mouth protruding forward; distinct canine teeth on
both jaws; scaled area extending
beyond posterior tip of sensory
canal on temporal; row of dark
bluish spots on lateral line. S:
150 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa toJapan and Australia. R: Usuallyfound sandy and muddy bottom;
common and marketed fresh in
Malaysia.
Seah Ying Giat
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Leiognathus equula(Forsskål 1775)
Common Ponyfish
Kekek Kedabang

FRLM 55030, 142.9 mm SL

31

C: Body extremely deep andcompressed; mouth protruding
downward; second dorsal- andanal-fin spines slightly elongatedwithout filamentous; about 17–22
faint narrow dark vertical lines on
dorsolateral. S: 280 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to Japan and Australia. R: Usually found sandy andmuddy bottom; common and marketed fresh in Malaysia.
Seah Ying Giat

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Photolateralis stercorarius(Evermann & Seale 1907)
Slender Ponyfish
Kekek Bujur

FRLM 55034, 90.4 mm SL

C: Body elongated and compressed; mouth protruding downward; cheek and breast scales;
five distinct sensory canal extend
to preopercle from posteroventral orbit; irregular oblique wavy
dark lines on dorsolateral; stripetranslucent patch on ventrolateralin males. S: 102 mm TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean, from Thailand
to Tonga. R: Usually found sandy
and muddy bottom; common andmarketed dried-salted in Malaysia.
Seah Ying Giat
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus lutjanus
Bloch 1790
Bigeye Snapper
Kunyit-kunyit

KAUM–I. 16639, 124.4 mm SL

C: Body fusiform, slender, its
depth 2.9–3.3 times in SL; caudal
fin truncate or slightly emarginated; upper back golden brown,
broad yellow to brownish stripe
from eye to caudal-fin base; yellow horizontal lines (1 per scalerow) on lower half of body; fins
yellowish. S: 300 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Red
Sea and eastern Africa to Japanand Australia. R: Found offshoreof coral reefs.
Meii Mohamad-Norizam
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus quinquelineatus(Bloch 1790)
Five-lined Snapper
Kunyit Lima Garis

KAUM–I. 16974, 125.1 mm SL

32

C: Body moderately deep tosomewhat slender; its depth
2.6–2.8 in SL; anterodorsal profile of head steeply to moderately
sloped; body brownish dorsallywith large black spot, sometimes
faint, adults usually with 6 to 8
narrow golden brown stripes
on sides. S: 450 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from
Persian Gulf to Japan, Fiji, andAustralia. R: Juveniles are often
found in mangrove areas.
Meii Mohamad-Norizam

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus vitta(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
Brownstripe Snapper
Kunyit Remong

FRLM 55022, 180.5 mm SL

C: Body moderately deep to relatively slender, its depth 2.6–3.0
times in SL; caudal fin emarginated; generally whitish or pink
with dark brown to blackish stripe
on side from eye to upper half ofcaudal peduncle; fins yellowish. S:
400 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Seychelles to Japan,
New Caledonia, and Australia. R:
Found in vicinity of coral reefs.
Meii Mohamad-Norizam

CAESIONIDAE
Caesio cuning(Bloch 1791)
Redbelly Yellowtail Fusilier
Delah Pinang

FRLM 55013, 107.1 mm SL

C: Body fairly deep and compressed; small conical teeth injaws, vomer and palatines; dorsal
and anal fins scaly; head andbody bluish white, pinkish ventrally; caudal fin yellow; dorsal
fin yellow posteriorly and greyish
blue anteriorly; pelvic and anal
fins reddish. S: 500 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Sri
Lanka to Japan, New Caledonia,
and Australia. R: Found in coastal
areas to depths of 60 m.
Meii Mohamad-Norizam
NEMIPTERIDAE
Nemipterus furcosus(Valenciennes 1830)
Fork-tailed Threadfin Bream
Kerisi Merah Ros

FRLM 54989, 142.1 mm SL

33

C: Snout length equal to or greater than orbit diameter; caudal
fin deeply forked, tip of its upper
lobe pointed; body pink with red
saddles, lacking conspicuous
markings; dorsal-fin membrane
margined with red, sometimes
with yellow tinge. S: 240 mm SL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Maldives to
New Ireland, and southern Japan
to northern Australia.
Nozomu Muto

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
NEMIPTERIDAE
Nemipterus hexodon(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
Ornate Threadfin Bream
Kerisi Pelangi

FRLM 51603, 108.2 mm SL

C: Body pink with 6–8 yellow
stripes laterally; red blotch below
origin of lateral line; dorsal- andanal-fin membranes with yellow
stripe midlaterally; tip of upper
lobe of caudal fin yellow androunded. S: 230 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Andaman Sea to
Solomon Islands, and Taiwan tonorthern Australia.
Nozomu Muto

NEMIPTERIDAE
Pentapodus caninus(Cuvier 1830)
Small-toothed Whiptail
Anjang-anjang Gigi Kecil

KAUM–I. 80030, 138.2 mm SL

C: Head scales reaching anteriorly to level between anterior
nostrils in dorsal view; suborbital
and preopercle not serrated; caudal fin strongly emarginate, tipsof its lobes elongate, upper lobe
slightly longer than lower lobe;
body with yellow midlateral stripe.
S: 250 mm TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean, from southern Japan to
New Caledonia.
Nozomu Muto

NEMIPTERIDAE
Scolopsis affinisPeters 1877
Peters' Monocle Bream
Pasir-pasir Jalur Perang

FRLM 55023, 165.2 mm SL

34

C: Head scales reaching or nearly
to level between posterior nostrils
in dorsal view; no antrorse spine
just below eye; tips of caudal-fin
lobes not elongate; body withdark to yellow midlateral stripe.
S: 195 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Myanmar to Solomon Islands,
and southern Japan to northern
Australia.
Nozomu Muto

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
NEMIPTERIDAE
Scolopsis bilineata(Bloch 1793)
Two-lined Monocle Bream
Pasir-pasir Dua Garis

KAUM–I. 79988, 93.0 mm SL

C: Head scales reaching levelof snout and anterior nostrils in
dorsal view; antrorse spine justbelow eye; caudal fin forked, tipsof its lobes not elongate; pearlwhite curving stripe with dark
margins ascending from mouth todorsal-fin base. S: 155 mm SL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Maldives to
Tonga, and southern Japan towestern Australia.
Nozomu Muto
NEMIPTERIDAE
Scolopsis margaritifera(Cuvier 1830)
Pearly Monocle Bream
Pasir-pasir Mutiara

KAUM–I. 79807, 174.9 mm SL

C: Head scales reaching to or
beyond level of anterior marginof eye in dorsal view; no antrorse
spine just below eye; tips of caudal-fin lobes not elongate; eachscale on body with white to yellow
marking, forming transverse lines.
S: 180 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Myanmar to Vanuatu, and Taiwan
to northern Australia.
Nozomu Muto

NEMIPTERIDAE
Scolopsis monogramma(Cuvier 1830)
Monogrammed Monocle Bream
Pasir-pasir Jalur Gelap

KAUM–I. 16576, 170.0 mm SL

35

C: Body deep, 33–40% of SL; noantrorse spine just below eye; upper lobe of caudal fin longer thanlower lobe; dark midlateral stripe
on body posteriorly from level of
below third–fifth dorsal-fin spine.
S: 260 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Myanmar to New Ireland, andsouthern Japan to northern Australia.
Nozomu Muto

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
NEMIPTERIDAE
Scolopsis taenioptera(Cuvier 1830)
Lattice Monocle Bream
Pasir-pasir Mentimun

KAUM–I. 105120, 165.1 mm SL

C: Body moderately deep, 29–
36% of SL; no antrorse spine justbelow eye; upper part of pectoral-fin base with reddish blotch;
one band across snout. S: 215
mm SL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from
Myanmar to Taiwan, Philippines,
and Flores Sea. R: Previous records of this species from West
Papua, Australia, and New Caledonia were based on misidentifications of 2 closely related species.
Nozomu Muto
LETHRINIDAE
Lethrinus genivittatus
Valenciennes 1830
Longspine Emperor
Landuk Sirip Bintik

FRLM 51750, 107.1 mm SL

C: Body moderately elongated;cheek naked; second dorsal-fin
spine distinctly elongated thanother spines; inner surface of pectoral-fin base with scales; bodybrownish with 5 darker stripes,
irregular black oblique bars andblack square blotch above pectoral fin. S: 250 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Kenya to Japan and Caroline Islands.
R: Usually found rocky and coral
reefs.
Mohd Sharol Ali
LETHRINIDAE
Lethrinus ornatus
Valenciennes 1830
Ornate Emperor
Landuk Jalur Jingga

KAUM–I. 79953, 162.4 mm SL

36

C: Body moderately deep; cheeknaked; inner surface of pectoral-fin base with scales; 6 longitudinal scale rows above lateralline; body greenish with 5 or 6
longitudinal yellow stripes on bodysides; posterior margin of preopercle and opercle reddish. S:
450 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Maldives to Japanand Australia. R: Usually foundrocky and coral reefs.
Mohd Sharol Ali

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LETHRINIDAE
Lethrinus semicinctus
Valenciennes 1830
Blackblotch Emperor
Landuk Gertah

KAUM–I. 80031, 202.3 mm SL

C: Body moderately elongated;cheek naked; inner surface of
pectoral-fin base without scales;
5 longitudinal scale rows above
lateral line; body brownish with
scattered irregular small black
blotches; large black oblong
blotch below soft-rayed portion of
dorsal fin, bordering below lateralline. S: 350 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from Sri Lanka to
Japan and Australia. R: Usuallyfound rocky and coral reefs.
Mohd Sharol Ali
MULLIDAE
Upeneus tragula
Richardson 1846
Freckled Goatfish
Biji Nangka Mengkarung

KAUM–I. 16606, 107.7 mm SL

C: Body elongate; dorsal-fin
spines VIII; total gill rakers 21–25;
numerous reddish spots on body;dark mid-lateral stripe from snout
to caudal-fin base; oblique darkbars on caudal fin. S: 250 mm TL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Andaman
Sea to Japan and New Caledonia.
R: Usually found on sandy bottoms in nearshore areas; usuallysolitary.
Mohd Sharol Ali
PEMPHERIDAE
Pempheris adusta
Bleeker 1877
Dusky Sweeper
Sepat Gelap

KAUM–I. 79983, 113.6 mm SL

37

C: Pored lateral-line scales 54–
62; scale rows above lateral line
4½–5½; body copper to gold; faintblack blotch on pectoral-fin base;tip of dorsal fin black. S: 180 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to southern Japan and Samoa. R:
Forms large schools in caves orcrevasses around coral reefs at
depths of less than 30 m.
Keita Koeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
PEMPHERIDAE
Pempheris oualensis
Cuvier 1831
Blackspot Sweeper
Sepat Karang

KAUM–I. 80000, 162.9 mm SL

C: Pored lateral-line scales 60–71; scale rows above lateral line
6½–7½; distinct black blotch on
pectoral-fin base; dorsal half ofpectoral fin brown. S: 210 mm SL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Christmas
Island to French Polynesia, andsouthern Japan to Wallis Islands.
R: Forms small schools in caves
or crevasses around coral reefs at
depths of less than 30 m.
Keita Koeda
MONODACTYLIDAE
Monodactylus argenteus(Linnaeus 1758)
Silver Moony
Bawal Bulan Perak

KAUM–I. 79905, 117.6 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VII–VIII, 26–31;
anal-fin rays III, 26–31; body oval,
deep and strongly compressed;
body bright silver; dorsal, anal,and caudal fins yellowish. S: 270
mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, Samoa, andAustralia. R: Forms large schools;
feeds on plankton and detritus;
usually found in bays, mangroves
estuaries, and tidal creeks, andoccasionally in silty coastal reefs.
Keita Koeda
CHAETODONTIDAE
Chaetodon adiergastos
Seale 1910
Philippine Butterflyfish
Bagang Tompok Mata

KAUM–I. 79992, 105.7 mm SL

38

C: Body whitish, with many
oblique yellow stripes; a darkband through eye reaching near
ventral part of opercle; black
blotch at front of dorsal-fin origin.
S: 200 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromIndonesia to Japan and Australia.
R: Usually found in pairs in coral
reefs at depths of less than 30 m;
feeds on corals, crabs, worms,
and other invertebrates.
Keita Koeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CHAETODONTIDAE
Chaetodon octofasciatus
Bloch 1787
Eightband Butterflyfish
Bagang Belang Hitam
C: Body creamy yellow, with 8
black vertical stripes, anterior
most through eye; pelvic fin yellow. S: 120 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from Maldives tosouthern Japan and Australia.
R: Usually found in pairs aroundsheltered lagoons and inshore
reefs at depths of less than 20 m;
feeds exclusively on coral polyps.
Keita Koeda
FRLM 55100, 57.6 mm SL

CHAETODONTIDAE
Chaetodon trifascialis
Quoy & Gaimard 1825
Chevron Butterflyfish
Bagang Sarjan

KAUM–I. 80003, 140.3 mm SL

C: Body white, with numerous
black chevron markings; yellow-edged black bar through eye:black caudal fin, with yellow margin. S: 180 mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea andeastern Africa to southern Japan,
Haiwaiian Islands, and French
Polynesia. R: Usually found inpairs around sheltered lagoons
and inshore reefs; feeds exclusively on coral polyps.
Keita Koeda
CHAETODONTIDAE
Chelmon rostratus(Linnaeus 1758)
Copperband Butterflyfish
Keper Sumpit

KAUM–I. 79882, 147.7 mm SL

39

C: Snout extremely long, tubular;
posterior margin of dorsal andanal fins vertical; body with fiveyellow vertical stripes, anteriormost narrow and through eye;black blotch at dorsal-fin base. S:
200 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa tosouther Japan and Australia. R:
Usually found in single or pairsaround rocky, coral, or silty inner
reefs at depths of less than 25 m.
Keita Koeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CHAETODONTIDAE
Coradion chrysozonus(Cuvier 1831)
Goldengirdled Coralfish
Bendera Belang Jingga

KAUM–I. 79809, 111.3 mm SL

C: Body with 5 orange to brown
vertical stripes; second and third
stripes connected at ventral part;
black blotch at dorsal-fin base;pelvic fin brown. S: 150 mm TL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from Andaman Sea tosouthern Japan and Australia. R:
Usually found in single or pairs incoastal to outer reefs at depths ofless than 60 m; feeds on sponges.
Keita Koeda
POMACANTHIDAE
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus(Bloch 1787)
Vermiculated Angelfish
Bagang Taring Putih Tengah

KAUM–I. 79991, 112.0 mm SL

C: Body anteriorly white, posteriorly black with numerous whitespots; snout yellow; black bar
through eye; caudal fin yellow.
S: 180 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromIndonesia and Western Australia
to southern Japan and Malaysia.
R: Forms small groups in coral
reefs; feeds on sponges, tunicates, and algae; frequently exported through aquarium trade.
Keita Koeda
POMACANTHIDAE
Pomacanthus annularis(Bloch 1787)
Bluering Angelfish
Taring Pelanduk Cincin Biru

KAUM–I. 17159, 250.0 mm SL

40

C: Body brown, with blue curved
stripes; 2 parallel blue longitudinal strips, upper through eye;blue ring on side of forehead;caudal fin white. S: 450 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to southern Japan
and New Caledonia. R: Usuallyfound in pairs in coastal to outerreefs at depths of less than 30 m;
feeds on sponges and tunicates.
Keita Koeda

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Abudefduf bengalensis(Bloch 1787)
Bengal SergeantGombing Benggala

FRLM 55106, 33.4 mm SL

C: Lacrimal scaled; body whitish
to yellowish with 6 or 7 relatively narrow dark bars; caudal fin
forked with distinctly rounded
tips. S: 170 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from Pakistan to
Papua New Guinea, and Japan toAustralia. R: Forms in small aggregation or solitary individuals inlagoons or protected coral reefs
at depths of less than 8 m.
Kunto Wibowo

POMACENTRIDAE
Abudefduf sexfasciatus(Lacepède 1801)
Scissortail SergeantGombing Ekor Gunting

FRLM 54979, 82.8 mm SL

C: Lacrimal scaled; body whitish
to bluish with 5 broad dark bars;
caudal fin forked, tips pointed,
upper and lower lobes with dark
band. S: 190 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Red
Sea and east Africa to French
Polynesia, and Japan to Australia.
R: Found in mid water feeding
aggregations in inshore and outercoral reefs at depths of less than
15 m; sometimes mixed with A.
vaigiensis.
Kunto Wibowo
POMACENTRIDAE
Abudefduf vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
Indo-Pacific SergeantGombing Jalur Lima

KAUM–I. 105095, 88.7 mm SL

41

C: Lacrimal naked; body whitish
to bluish with 5 broad dark bars
and yellowish interspace dorsally;
caudal fin forked, tips pointed. S:
200 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and South
Africa to Japn, Samoa and New
Zealand; Mediterranean Sea (immigrant); Hawaiian Islands (introduction). R: Found in mid water
feeding aggregations in inshore
and outer coral reefs at depths ofless than 15 m.
Kunto Wibowo

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Amblyglyphidodon curacao(Bloch 1787)
Staghorn Damselfish
Bombin Karang

FRLM 54983, 73.7 mm SL

C: Body deep, depth more thanhalf of SL; suborbital scaled; bodysilvery greenish to yellowish with
3 greyish bars; pelvic fin white.
S: 130 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian Ocean in Cocos-Keeling andChristmas islands; western Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia
and Samoa. R: Small groups inlagoons and protected coral reefs
at depths of less than 40 m.
Kunto Wibowo

POMACENTRIDAE
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster(Bleeker 1847)
Yellowbelly Damselfish
Bombin Perut Kuning

KAUM–I. 80006, 79.6 mm SL

C: Body deep, depth more thanhalf of SL; suborbital scaled; bodysilvery dusky, yellow ventrally; pelvic fin yellow; black spot on pectoral-fin base; margins of dorsal andanal fins blackish. S: 130 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to Japan, Samoa,
and Australia. R: Solitary or small
groups in lagoons and coral reefslopes at depths of less than 45m.
Kunto Wibowo
POMACENTRIDAE
Amblypomacentrus breviceps(Schlegel & Müller 1840)
Black-banded Demoiselle
Gombing Putih Jalur Perang

KAUM–I. 16585, 38.2 mm SL

42

C: Pored lateral-line scales 16
or 17; head and body white, with
3 broad brown to blackish bars,
second and third bars usually
linked by dark band on outermargin of dorsal fin. S: 85 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Maldives to Solomon Islands
and Australia. R: Solitary or small
groups in lagoons and coastal
areas with rock, rubble or sandy
bottoms at depths of less than 35m.
Kunto Wibowo

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Amphiprion clarkii(Bennett 1830)
Yellowtail Clownfish
Inggu Belang

FRLM 55014, 76.6 mm SL

C: Color variable from reddish
yellow to blackish; 3 white bars onhead and body; tail white or yellow. S: 140 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from Persian Gulf
to southern Japan, Marshall Islands, and Vanuatu. R: Common
in coral reef of Peninsular Malaysia to depth of 55 m; symbioticallyassociated with anemones mainly
Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla mertensii.
Yusri Yusuf
POMACENTRIDAE
Amphiprion frenatus
Brevoort 1856
Tomato Clownfish
Inggu Tomato

KAUM–I. 105069, 78.1 mm SL

C: Single white bar on head in
adults; blackish on sides with redor orange fins in females; redor orange overall in males; 2 or
3 white bars on in juveniles. S:
140 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan and Palau toSouth China Sea, including Gulfof Thailand and Java. R: Foundin lagoon reefs and embayment
and associated with the anemone
Entacmaea quadricolor.
Yusri Yusuf
POMACENTRIDAE
Amphiprion ocellaris
Cuvier 1830
Clown Anemonefish
Inggu Badut

KAUM–I. 16582, 58.8 mm SL

43

C: Ground color of head, bodyand fins orange, with 3 whitebars; fins with narrow black areas.
S: 110 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans,including Straits of Malacca andSouth China Sea. R: Found incoral reefs to depths of 15 m;
associated with anemones; mostcommon anemone fish in coral
reefs of Malay Peninsula.
Yusri Yusuf

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Amphiprion perideraion
Bleeker 1855
Pink Anemonefish
Inggu Calit

KAUM–I. 16581, 62.4 mm SL

C: Body pink orange with transparent fins; narrow white head bar
and white stripe on top of head.
S: 100 mm TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean, from Japan to South
China Sea, Great Barrier Reef,
and New Caledonia. R: Coral reefareas, associated with anemones;
similar to Amphiprion akallopisos and A. sandaracinos whichlack white head bar; absent from
Straits of Malacca.
Yusri Yusuf
POMACENTRIDAE
Cheiloprion labiatus(Day 1877)
Big-lip Damsel
Gombing Puyu Bebeh

KAUM–I. 80088, 24.2 mm SL

C: Head, body, and fins greyish
brown; lips enlarged, protruding,and slightly curled dorsoventrally;
body dark blue, with neon blue
stripe on head and lip in juveniles.
S: 75 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, including Straits of Malacca andSouth China Sea. R: Foundaround branches of branchingcoral (Acropora), solitary or insmall group; feeds mainly on coral polyps.
Yusri Yusuf
POMACENTRIDAE
Chromis atripectoralis
Welander & Schultz 1951
Black-axil Chromis
Gombing Puyu Bahu Hitam

KAUM–I. 80038, 33.1 mm SL

44

C: Head, body, and most part offins bright greenish blue; single orsome minute blue dots or short irregular lines on each scale; black
spot at axis of pectoral fin. S: 110
mm TL. D: Throughout Indo-Pacific from eastern Africa to Oceanianislands, except Hawaiian Islands.
R: Forms aggregations aroundbranching corals on coral reefs
areas; feeds on zooplankton andfish eggs.
Yusri Yusuf

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Chromis cinerascens(Cuvier 1830)
Green Puller
Gombing Puyu Hijau

KAUM–I. 79847, 75.9 mm SL

C: Head and body olive green
with yellow hue, white to yellowish pelvic and anal fins; caudal
fin forked. S: 130 mm TL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, including Straits ofMalacca and South China Sea tonorthwestern Australia. R: Common species, found in shallow
silty costal rocky reef areas, usually forming large aggregation.
Yusri Yusuf

POMACENTRIDAE
Chrysiptera unimaculata(Cuvier 1830)
One-spot Damselfish
Gombing Sepat Tanda

KAUM–I. 80072, 61.2 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13 or
14; anal-fin rays II, 12–14; bodyuniform grey-brown, with black
spot at dorsal-fin base in adults;orange spot on gill plate; bodyyellowish, with blue stripe on upper head, blue ring black spot below mid dorsal fin in juveniles. S:
100 cm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, Fiji, and Australia. R: Found in shallow water
algal reefs, reef flats.
Aziz Arshad
POMACENTRIDAE
Dascyllus reticulatus(Richardson 1846)
Reticulated Dascyllus
Gombing Karang Belang

KAUM–I. 79820, 18.7 mm SL

45

C: Body deep, compressed; dorsal-fin rays XII, 14–16; anal-fin
rays II, 12-14; caudal fin emarginate; body whitish in adults;
black bar on anterior throughpectoral-fin base; soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin transparent toslightly bluish. S: 90 mm TL. D:
Cocos-Keeling Islands and western Pacific Ocean from Japan toAustralia. R: Found in outer reeflagoon and seaward reefs.
Aziz ArshadReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Dascyllus trimaculatus(Rüppell 1829)
Three-spot Dascyllus
Gombing Karang Tanda Putih

KAUM–I. 16587, 34.9 mm SL

C: Body deep, compressed; dorsal-fin rays XII; 14–16, anal-fin
rays II, 14–16; margins of suborbital and preopercle serrated;caudal fin emarginate; greyish
color with white spots on dorsum
and forehead in young; light greywith dark-marginated scale pockets in adults. S: 110 mm SL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea
and eastern Africa to Polynesia.
R: Found in coral and rocky reefs;
young associated with anemones.
Aziz Arshad
POMACENTRIDAE
Dischistodus fasciatus(Cuvier 1830)
Banded Damselfish
Bombin Tanda Hitam

FRLM 55104, 55.1 mm SL

C: Body black, with 4 white vertical bands on lateral surface ofbody; much wider bands andsmall black saddle on upper caudal peduncle in juveniles. S: 140
mm TL. D: Philippines, Malaysia(Bidong Island and Borneo), eastern Indonesia, northern Australia,
and New Caledonia. R: The first
specimen-based record of D. fasciatus from Malay Peninsula wasfrom Bidong Island in 2011.
Yuna Dewa
POMACENTRIDAE
Dischistodus melanotus(Bleeker 1858)
Black-vent Damselfish
Bombin Tanda Perut
C: Body overall white, with darkgreenish area extending fromdorsal head to anterodorsal body;
pale blotches on opercle; large
dark saddle on mid-ventral body.
S: 150 mm TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean, from Ryukyu Islands tonorthern Australia and Vanuatu.
R: Sheltered coastal reefs and lagoons at depths of less than 12 m.
Yuna Dewa

KAUM–I. 80067, 100.4 mm SL

46

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Dischistodus perspicillatus(Cuvier 1830)
White Damselfish
Bombin Tanda Putih

KAUM–I. 16611, 93.7 mm SL

C: Body overall white, with pale
black patches on forehead; 2
black blotches on lateral surface
of body; body yellowish with pairof black vertical bands in juveniles. S: 200 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Andaman Sea toVietnam and Australia. R: Foundin shallow lagoons and coastal
reefs, frequently in algae and seagrass; mainly feeding on algae.
Yuna Dewa
POMACENTRIDAE
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon(Bleeker 1852)
Lagoon Damselfish
Bombin Alga

KAUM–I. 79904, 131.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13 or 14;
anal-fin rays II, 13 or 14; total gillrakers 65–85; in adults, head andbody generally brown without
distinctive markings, head sometimes pale graduating to darker
brown posteriorly; juvenile dark
blue anteriorly and yellow posteriorly with ocellus on dorsal fin.
S: 185 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromAndaman Sea to Japan and Solomon Islands.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Neoglyphidodon melas(Valenciennes 1830)
Black Damselfish
Kepal Batu Nila
C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 14 or 15;
anal-fin rays II, 13–15; 2 rows ofteeth on both jaws; deep blueblack without markings in adults;
body pale blue with broad yellow
area from snout to posterior caudal fin in juveniles. S: 185 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, Vanuatu, and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma

FRLM 55107, 29.4 mm SL

47

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Neoglyphidodon nigroris(Cuvier 1830)
Behn's Damselfish
Kepal Batu Itam Mas

KAUM–I. 79823, 37.2 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13 or 14;
anal-fin rays II, 13–15; 2 rowsof teeth on both jaws; entirely
brown or brown graduating yellow
on posterior body and fins, withdark bar on head, in adults; bodybrilliant yellow with pair of black
stripes in juveniles. S: 115 mm
TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from Andaman Sea to Japan, Vanuatu, andAustralia.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Neopomacentrus anabatoides(Bleeker 1847)
Silver Demoiselle
Kepal Batu Sinar

KAUM–I. 16565, 54.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 10 or 11;
anal-fin rays II, 10 or 11; caudal-fin lobes elongate; suborbital
margin exposed; greenish withblue spots on each body andscale; bluish spot at posttemporal
area; dark submarginal band oneach caudal-fin lobe; anal fin andcentral caudal fin greyish. S: 105
mm TL. D: Andaman Sea, Malaysia, Singapore, western Indonesia, Philippines, and Japan.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Neopomacentrus cyanomos(Bleeker 1856)
Regal Demoiselle
Kepal Batu Tompok

KAUM–I. 79964, 39.8 mm SL

48

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 11 or 12;
anal-fin rays II, 11 or 12; caudal-fin lobes elongate; suborbital
margin covered by scales; darkbrown overall; yellow caudal fin
with dark margins on both lobes;
posterior dorsal fin yellowish withbrilliant white or yellow spots atbases of last ray; blackish spot at
posttemporal area. S: 90 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to Japan, Vanuatu,
and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus alexanderae
Evermann & Seale 1907
Alexander's Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Bahu Hitam

KAUM–I. 16556, 29.8 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13 or 14;
anal-fin rays II, 14 or 15; distinct
notch between lacrimal and suborbital; head and body entirely
grey with large black spot covering pectoral-fin base, without other distinctive markings. S: 86 mm
TL. D: Indonesia (eastern Sumatra to Sulawesi), Malaysia, Brunei,
Philippines, Taiwan, and southern
Japan. R: Usually in groups; commonly found in coastal reefs andlagoons in 5–30 m.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus chrysurusCuvier 1830
Whitetail Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Ekor Putih

KAUM–I. 80040, 33.0 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 14–16;
anal-fin rays II, 15 or 16; ventral
margin of suborbital smooth;body greyish brown with white or
yellowish caudal fin, often lighter
grey on upper back and dorsal finin adults; ocellus on dorsal fin andno blue lines on upper head injuveniles. S: 90 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Maldives to Japan,
New Caledonia, and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus coelestis
Jordan & Starks 1901
Neon Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Ekor Kuning

KAUM–I. 80039, 20.8 mm SL

49

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13–15;
anal-fin rays II, 14 or 15; no notch
between lacrimal and suborbital; ventral margin of suborbitalsmooth; brilliant neon blue withyellowish caudal fin; pelvic andanal fins variable, either blue or
yellow. S: 80 mm TL. D: Eastern
Indian and Pacific oceans, fromChristmas Island east to French
Polynesia, and Japan south toAustralia.
Mizuki Matsunuma

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus cuneatus
Allen 1991
Wedgespot Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Rintik Seribu

KAUM–I. 79819, 43.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 13 or 14;
anal-fin rays II, 14 or 15; headand body grey to greenish overall,with pale streak on each bodyscale, dark spot on upper caudal-fin base, pale streaks andblotches on opercle, blue tip ofdorsal-fin spines, and blue margin
on anal and soft dorsal fins; ocellus on posterior dorsal fin in juveniles. S: 90 mm TL. D: Malaysia,
Singapore, and Indonesia.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus moluccensis
Bleeker 1853
Lemon Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Lemon

KAUM–I. 79818, 36.5 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 14 or 15;
anal-fin rays II, 14 or 15; ventral
margin of suborbital weakly serrated; bright yellow with small
dark spot at upper pectoral-finbase and fine black margin on
anal fin. S: 80 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Andaman Sea east
to Vanuatu and New Caledonia,
and Japan south to Australia. R:
Found in groups around branching corals.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus philippinus
Evermann & Seale 1907
Philippines Damselfish
Gombin Tanda Filipina

KAUM–I. 79845, 36.6 mm SL

50

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 14 or 15;
anal-fin rays II, 14–16; suborbital
scaled; dark grey to purplish withblack scale margins, large black
spot on pectoral-fin base, andvariable amount of yellow-orange
on dorsal, anal and caudal fins
as well as pectoral-fin axil. S: 110
mm TL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from Maldives to Japan, Solomon Islands,
and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
POMACENTRIDAE
Stegastes obreptus(Whitley 1948)
Western Gregory
Gombin Muka Bintik

KAUM–I. 80068, 81.3 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 14–16;
anal-fin rays II, 12–14; 3½ scalerows between middle dorsal-finbase and lateral line; brown overall, with large black blotch at frontof dorsal fin; body yellow, withblue spots on head, and large
ocellus at front of dorsal fin injuveniles. S: 145 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Sri Lanka to Japan,
West Papua, and Australia.
Mizuki Matsunuma
POMACENTRIDAE
Stegastes punctatus(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
Bluntsnout Gregory
Gombin Muka Dempak

KAUM–I. 80071, 109.2 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays XII, 14–16;
anal-fin rays II, 12–14; 1½ scalerows between middle dorsal-finbase and lateral line (withoutbasal scales); brown overall, withdark scale margins and either
large black blotch at base of posterior dorsal fin. S: 150 mm TL.
D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red
Sea and eastern Africa to French
Polynesia, and Japan to Australia.
R: Pugnacious towards divers
and algal feeding fishes.
Mizuki Matsunuma
TERAPONTIDAE
Terapon jarbua(Forsskål 1775)
Jarbus Terapon
Kerong Jalur

FRLM 51734, 170.4 mm SL

51

C: Dorsal-fin rays XI or XII, 9–11;
anal-fin rays III, 7–10; pored lateral-line scales 75–100; bodysilvery gray, with 3 or 4 black orbrown curved longitudinal stripes;
black or brown blotch on spinous
portion of dorsal fin; caudal fin
with stripes, tip of upper lobe
black. S: 501 mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from Red Sea andeastern Africa to Japan and Samoa.
Yusuke Hibino

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Cheilinus chlorourus(Bloch 1791)
Floral Wrasse
Mameng Bintik Kuning

FRLM 55007, 134.0 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays usually X, 9;
reddish spots and stripes onhead; longitudinal rows of whitish
spots on lateral surface of body;dark blotch on opercular margin
in juveniles. S: 360 mm TL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern
Africa to French Polynesia, andJapan to Australia; Galapagos.
R: Usually found in lagoons at
depths of less than 30 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura

LABRIDAE
Cheilinus fasciatus(Bloch 1791)
Red-breasted Wrasse
Mameng Pelangi

FRLM 54981, 159.4 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 10; reddish
stripes around eye; posterior head
and anterior body reddish; broad
black and narrow white bands onlateral surface of body and caudal fin; dark blotch on opercularmargin in juveniles. S: 360 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia.
R: Usually found in lagoons at
depths of less than 40 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura
LABRIDAE
Cheilinus trilobatus
Lacepède 1801
Tripletail Wrasse
Mameng Triloba

KAUM–I. 79926, 117.8 mm SL

52

C: Dorsal-fin rays IX, 10; reddish
spots and stripes on head; greenish body with numerous faint,
vertical, short bars on lateral surface of body; soft-rayed portionsof dorsal and anal fins and caudal
fin elongate in large males. S: 400
mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean,from eastern Africa to French
Polynesia, and Japan to Australia.
R: Found in lagoons and outerreefs at depths of less than 30 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Coris pictoides
Randall & Kuiter 1982
Pixie Coris
Nuri Garis Hitam

KAUM–I. 79886, 15.6 mm SL

C: Upper half of body black withnarrow longitudinal stripe dorsally; white and greenish white on
lower half of body; pale-rimmed
black blotches on soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin and upper caudal
peduncle. S: 110 mm TL. D: Philippines and Malaysia to northern
Australia and New Caledonia.
R: Found around coral reefs at
depths of less than 55 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura

LABRIDAE
Epibulus insidiator(Pallas 1770)
Slingjaw Wrasse
Nuri Sumpit

KAUM–I. 105149, 90.7 mm SL

C: Mouth greatly protrusible; bodybrownish, with 3 vertical narrow
white bands, and white stripes radiating from eye in juveniles; bodyentirely brownish or yellowish
in females; body greenish, withblack margined scales in males.
S: 350 mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific
Ocean, from Red Sea and eastern Africa to Hawaiian Islands
and French Polynesia. R: Feedson small fishes with protruding
mouth.
Hiroyuki Motomura
LABRIDAE
Halichoeres argus(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Argus Wrasse
Nuri Tikus

KAUM–I. 79965, 61.8 mm SL

53

C: Head and body greenish, withreddish or pinkish bands on head.
Rows of whitish spots on lateralsurface of body and 5 or 6 pale
blotches along dorsal-fin base infemales; caudal-fin margin often
black in males. S: 110 mm TL. D:
Andaman Sea and western Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan, Southeast
Asia, and Fiji. R: Found aroundcoral, rocky and seagrass reefs at
depths of less than 15 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Halichoeres chloropterus(Bloch 1791)
Pastel-green Wrasse
Nuri Hijau

KAUM–I. 79946, 128.2 mm SL

C: Head and body greenish red
anteriorly, green posteriorly, withpinkish bands on head in males;
body plain yellowish brown dorsally, whitish ventrally in females;
several black longitudinal stripes
on body in juveniles. S: 190 mm
TL. D: Andaman Sea and western
Pacific Ocean, from Southeast
Asia to Solomon Islands andnortheastern Australia. R: Foundin reefs at depths of less than 10m
Hiroyuki Motomura
LABRIDAE
Halichoeres chrysotaenia(Bleeker 1853)
Yellow-striped Wrasse
Nuri Pelangi Bahu Kuning

KAUM–I. 79883, 60.8 mm SL

C: Head and body green, withblue-edged pink bands on head,rows of small blue blotches onbody in males; yellow blotch on
pectoral-fin axil, black blotch at
upper pectoral-fin base in males.
S: 110 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
Ocean, Malaysia (Bidong Island),and Indonesia (western Sumatra
and Java). R: This specimen represents the first record of the species from Malaysian waters andalso from the South China Sea.
Hiroyuki Motomura
LABRIDAE
Halichoeres marginatus
Rüppell 1835
Dusky Wrasse
Nuri Gelap

KAUM–I. 80065, 80.0 mm SL

54

C: Head and body greenish withblue stripes in males; head andbody brownlish with dark brown
stripes in females; pale-edged
black blotch on middle of dorsal
fin in females and juveniles; caudal fin white in juveniles. S: 120
mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean,from eastern Africa to French
Polynesia, and Japan to Australia.
R: Found in coral and rocky reefs
at depths of less than 30 m.
Hiroyuki Motomura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Halichoeres melanochir
Fowler & Bean 1928
Orangefin Wrasse
Nuri Gelap Ekor Jingga

KAUM–I. 105208, 118.8 mm SL

C: Body uniformly dark purple
with black spots; prominent black
blotch covering pectoral-fin base;pelvic fin bright orange; several longitudinal white stripes onbody and yellow-margined blackspots on dorsal fin in juveniles. S:
150 mm SL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Indonesia
and northern Australia. R: Usuallyfound in rocky or coral reefs.
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Halichoeres melanurus(Bleeker 1851)
Tailspot Wrasse
Nuri Pelangi Ekor Tanda

KAUM–I. 105216, 63.2 mm SL

C: Body greenish with numerous
reddish longitudinal lines; several blueish green vertical bars on
upper part of body and caudal fin
margined black in terminal phase;ocellated spots on dorsal fin andupper part of caudal-fin base ininitial phase. S: 120 mm SL. D:
Western Pacific Ocean, from Japan to northern Australia, Micronesia, and Samoa. R: Schoolingin coral reefs.
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Hemigymnus melapterus(Bloch 1791)
Blackeye Thicklip Wrasse
Bibir Tebal Badan Gelap
C: Both lips thick; head and anterior part of body grayish white;
posterior part of body black or
dark green; white vertical band
running from dorsal-fin origin toanal-fin origin; total gill rakers 26–
29. S: 800 mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to Japan and Society Islands. R:
Solitary in coral reefs.
Harutaka Hata

KAUM–I. 80066, 107.9 mm SL55

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Iniistius evides(Jordan & Richardson 1909)
Blackspot Razorfish
Nuri Tompok Hitam

FRLM 51746, 142.3 mm SL

C: White-margined black spots
centered on eighth lateral-line
scale not reaching to scale below
lateral line and dorsal edge ofbody; anal fin white with numerous oblique orange lines without
black blotch; head length 29.7–
31.8% of SL; pelvic-fin length
22.8–29.3% of SL. S: 170 mm
SL. D: Western Pacific Ocean,from southern Japan to east coastof Malay Peninsula.
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Iniistius trivittatus(Randall & Cornish 2000)
Triplebar Razorfish
Nuri Belang Tiga

KAUM–I. 79851, 137.6 mm SL

C: Body pale yellowish-gray, without white region; 3 blackish bars
on upper part of body; pink margins on dorsal and anal fins andupper edge of caudal fin; first andsecond dorsal-fin spines shorter
than longest dorsal-fin ray. S: 133
mm SL. D: South China Sea (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Gulf ofThailand, and east coast of Malay
Peninsula).
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Labroides dimidiatus(Valenciennes 1839)
Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse
Nuri Jalur Tajam

KAUM–I. 16617, 55.6 mm SL

56

C: Body anteriorly white and posteriorly blue; broad longitudinal
black band running from snout toend of caudal fin; lips on jaws thin;
deep median notch on lower lip;lateral-line scales 52–54. S: 100
mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean,from eastern Africa to southern
Japan and Society Islands. R:
Feeding on ectoparasites andmucus of other fishes.
Harutaka Hata

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Leptojulis cyanopleura(Bleeker 1853)
Shoulderspot Wrasse
Nuri Garis Tengah

KAUM–I. 16584, 92.5 mm SL

C: Body whitish; terminal phasewith brown longitudinal line running from snout to caudal-fin baseand indistinct orange spot above
pectoral fin; initial phase with 2lines from nape to dorsal-fin baseend and snout to caudal-fin base.
S: 130 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from Persian Gulf to
Solomon Islands and Australia. R:
Schooling at sand-rubble bottoms
near reefs.
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Oxycheilinus digramma(Lacepède 1801)
Cheek-lined Wrasse
Nuri Garis Pipi

KAUM–I. 80032, 181.2 mm SL

C: Longitudinal band marginedorange running from posterior
margin of eye not reaching toopercular margin; several obliquelines on cheek; posterior tip ofdepressed pelvic fin not reaching to anal-fin origin. S: 260 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from eastern Africa to Japan andSamoa. R: Solitary in coral reefs;
juveniles also occur in lagoons.
Harutaka HataLABRIDAE
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus(Streets 1877)
Ringtail Wrasse
Nuri Ekor Cincin

KAUM–I. 105041, 31.3 mm SL

57

C: Longitudinal band margined orange running from posterior margin of eye to opercular margin;
several oblique lines on cheek;
posterior tip of depressed pelvic
fin not reaching to anal-fin origin.
S: 380 mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific
Ocean, from Cocos-Keeling andChristmas islands to Japan, andHawaiian and Marquesas islands.
R: Solitary in coral reefs.
Harutaka Hata

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
LABRIDAE
Thalassoma lunare(Linnaeus 1758)
Moon Wrasse
Nuri Bulan

KAUM–I. 79972, 128.0 mm SL

C: Body dark green with numerous vertical purple lines; pectoral
fin blue, large purple blotch on upper part; caudal fin yellow, upperand lower margins purple; ocellated spot on dorsal fin in juveniles.
S: 180 mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa tosouthern Japan and northern New
Zealand. R: Schooling in coral
reefs.
Harutaka Hata

SCARIDAE
Chlorurus spilurus(Valenciennes 1840)
Pacific Bullethead Parrotfish
Bayan Peluru Pasifik

KAUM–I. 79987, 177.7 mm SL

C: Median pre-dorsal-fin scalerows 4; scale rows on cheek 3;
pectoral-fin rays 15; lips not covering dental plates; body darkbrown, with red mouth; black spoton caudal peduncle in some individuals. S: 400 mm TL. D: Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Australia,
east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands. R: Usually found in coral
reefs; generally with identical appearance to Chlorurus sordidus.
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul Kadir
SCARIDAE
Scarus quoyi
Valenciennes 1840
Quoy's Parrotfish
Bayan Tompok

KAUM–I. 79806, 162.7 mm SL

58

C: Median pre-dorsal-fin scalerows 6; scale rows on cheek 3;
pectoral-fin rays 14; lips mostly
covering dental plates; green
area from upper lip to below eye
in males; body blue green, violet-pink ventrally in males; caudal
and pectoral fins largely bright
deep blue. S: 250 mm SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from India
to Japan, Micronesia, Vanuatu,
and New Caledonia. R: Usuallyfound in coral reefs.
Siti TafzilMeriam Sheikh Abdul KadirReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
PINGUIPEDIDAE
Parapercis snyderi
Jordan & Starks 1905
U-marked Sandperch
Haruan Laut Tanda-U

KAUM–I. 79826, 27.3 mm SL

C: Body cylindrical; 4 pairs of canine teeth on lower jaw anteriorly;
palatine teeth present; middle dorsal-fin spines longest; membranefrom spinous dorsal fin connected
near base of first soft ray; seriesof 5 U-shaped dark bars on backor with 2 series of black or red
dots along side. S: 110 mm TL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans.
Hisashi Imamura

PINGUIPEDIDAE
Parapercis xanthozona(Bleeker 1849)
Yellowbar Sandperch
Haruan Laut Ekor Tompok Putih

KAUM–I. 79961, 99.6 mm SL

C: Body cylindrical; 3 pairs of canine teeth on lower jaw anteriorly;
palatine teeth usually absent;
third and/or fourth dorsal-fin spine
longest, spinous dorsal fin connected by membrane to first soft
ray nearly at level of last spine
tip; caudal fin with white marking.
S: 230 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans,including Japan, Myanmar andAustralia.
Hisashi Imamura
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Ceratobregma helenae
Holleman 1987
Helena’s Triplefin
Tribleni Mata Spina

KAUM–I. 80051, 23.8 mm SL

59

C: Anal-fin spines II; orbital tentacle distally rounded; mandibularpore pattern 3 + 2 + 3; pre-dorsal
fin with single scale row; bonyorbital ridges in front of eye developed and serrated; abdomen
scaled; first dorsal fin elongate
and filamentous distally in males.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Christmas
Island to Ryukyu Islands and New
Caledonia. S: 32 mm SL.
Satokuni TashiroReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius philippinus(Peters 1868)
Minute Triplefin
Tribleni Mata Bonjol

KAUM–I. 105053, 21.8 mm SL

C: Pored lateral-line scales 10–
15; uppermost 0–8 pectoral-fin
rays branched; body scales large,
with 8 circumpeduncular scales;
pectoral fin with 4 or 5 bands consisting black spots; head, body,and all fins black in nuptial males.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromSouth Africa to Japan and American Samoa. S: 30 mm SL. R:
Found in reef flats and tidepools
at depths of less than 1 m.
Satokuni Tashiro
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius rhabdotus
Fricke 1994
Umpire Triplefin
Tribleni Dwijalur

KAUM–I. 80015, 23.4 mm SL

C: First dorsal fin lower thansecond dorsal fin; 12 circumpeduncular scales ; anterior andposterior lateral-line series adjacent, scale row absent between
posteriormost pored scale andanteriormost notched scale; bodywith 3 pared vertical bands; caudal fin with single reddish band;
body blackish in nuptial males.
D: Western Pacific Ocean, from
Ryukyu Islands to Gulf of Thailand and Vanuatu. S: 27 mm SL.
Satokuni Tashiro
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius similis
Fricke 1997
Black and Red Triplefin
Tribleni Hitam Merah

KAUM–I. 80021, 19.4 mm SL

60

C: First dorsal fin lower than second dorsal fin; 12 circumpeduncular scales; orbital tentacle small;mandibular pore pattern 4 + 1 +4; lower half of head and posterior one-third of body blackish innuptial males. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Ryukyu Islands toIndonesia and New Caledonia. S:
27 mm SL. R: Found in shallow
coral reefs at depths of less than
15 m.
Satokuni TashiroReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius tutuilae
Jordan & Seale 1906
High-hat Triplefin
Tribleni Sirip Tinggi

KAUM–I. 79836, 15.0 mm SL

C: First dorsal fin elongate; allpectoral-fin rays unbranched;body scales large, with 8 circumpeduncular scales; abdomen
without scales; 2 symphyseal
mandibular pores; snout profile
weakly pointed. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from Mozambique
to southern Japan and Society
Islands. S: 23 mm SL. R: Widelydistributed, but probably morethan ones species included in thisnominal species.
Satokuni Tashiro
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Helcogramma fuscipectoris(Fowler 1946)
Fourspot Triplefin
Tribleni Muka Hitam

KAUM–I. 80010, 23.8 mm SL

C: Mandibular pore patterns 4 +1 + 4; anterior nostril tentacle distally broad; orbital tentacle smalland simple; nape without scales;
lower half of head blackish, andbright blue stripe extending fromend of upper lip to preopercularmargin in nuptial males. D: Western Pacific Ocean, from Ryukyu
Islands to Indonesia and Vanuatu.
S: 33 mm SL. R: Found in surge
zone constantly exposed wave
swells.
Satokuni Tashiro
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Helcogramma springeri
Hansen 1986
Springer’s Triplefin
Tribleni Jingga

KAUM–I. 80018, 24.0 mm SL

61

C: Orbital tentacle absent; symphyseal mandibular pores 1 or
2; second dorsal-fin spines XIII;
pored lateral-line scales usually
13–15, posterior most pored scale
not reaching to third dorsal-fin origin; snout length longer than orbit
diamater; body semi-transparent,with 5 pared vertical bands. S:
36 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from Philippines to Gulf of Thailand andVanuatu.
Satokuni TashiroReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Helcogramma striata
Hansen 1986
Striped Triplefin
Tribleni Jalur Putih

KAUM–I. 16553, 22.9 mm SL

C: First dorsal-fin membranes
slightly notched; snout length
shorter than orbit diameter; orbital
tentacle absent; symphyseal mandibular pores 2; pre-first dorsal
fin without scale; body reddish,with 3 white longitudinal stripes.
S: 39 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromAndaman Sea to southern Japanand Fiji. R: Common triplefin;found in coral and rocky reefs.
Satokuni Tashiro
BLENNIIDAE
Alticus saliens(Forster 1788)
Leaping Blenny
Bleni Loncat

KAUM–I. 80037, 55.1 mm SL

C: Body elongate; occipital crest
present in males; nape cirri absent; margin of lips crenulate; nofleshy disc-like appendage underlower lip; caudal-fin rays unbranched; grey with diffuse dark
and white bars on side. S: 100
mm TL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from Sri
Lanka to Japan and Vanuatu. R:
Living more out of water than in.
Atsunobu Murase

BLENNIIDAE
Andamia tetradactylus(Bleeker 1858)
Four-fingered Lipsucker
Bleni Empat Jari

KAUM–I. 80057, 64.3 mm SL

62

C: Body elongate; occipital crestand nape cirri absent; marginof lips crenulate; fleshy disc-likeappendage under lower lip; caudal-fin rays unbranched; greyish
brown body, with irregular whitespots forming bars on side. S:
100 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Ryukyu Islands toPhilippines and Indonesia. R:
Found in supra/intertidal zone,
usually out of water; also breeding aerial/humid habitats.
Atsunobu Murase

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
BLENNIIDAE
Blenniella bilitonensis(Bleeker 1858)
Biliton Blenniella
Bleni Ekor Bintik

KAUM–I. 105058, 32.4 mm SL

C: Low occipital crest in males;supraorbital cirri simple; napecirri usually absent; margin of lips
smooth; olive grading ventrally
lighter; narrow dark longitudinallines in males (absent in females),and darker bars on side. S:
110 mm TL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Gulf of Thailand andJapan to northern Australia. R:
Found in shallow reefs and tidepools.
Atsunobu Murase
BLENNIIDAE
Ecsenius bicolor(Day 1888)
Bicolor Blenny
Bleni Dwiwarna

KAUM–I. 80007, 48.2 mm SL

C: Head cirri absent, except forcirrus on anterior and posterioredge of anterior nostril; caudal-fin
rays unbranched; several color
variations (bicolored pattern, deep
blue anteriorly and orange yellow
posteriorly in this specimen). S:
100 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Maldives to Phoenix Islands, andRyukyu Islands to Australia. R:
Found in coastal and offshore
reefs.
Atsunobu Murase
BLENNIIDAE
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis(Aoyagi 1954)
Yaeyama Blenny
Bleni Yeyama

KAUM–I. 16598, 36.3 mm SL

63

C: Head cirri absent, except
for cirrus on posterior edge ofanterior nostril; caudal-fin rays
unbranched; brown, lighter inventral/latter side with interrupted
dark stripe behind eye, black lower margin on cheek and Y-shaped
dark mark on pectoral-fin base.
S: 60 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
Sri Lanka to Japan, Vanuatu andAustralia.
Atsunobu Murase

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
BLENNIIDAE
Entomacrodus decussatus(Bleeker 1858)
Wavy-lined Blenny
Bleni Alun

KAUM–I. 80053, 113.0 mm SL

C: Head crest absent; supraorbital
cirri with short branches on eachmargin; nape cirri present; marginof upper lip completely crenulate;brownish grey with numerous
darker and white spots/blotches
forming bands on lateral side. S:
190 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromJapan to Tonga and Australia, including Southeast Asia. R: Foundin exposed reefs.
Atsunobu Murase
BLENNIIDAE
Entomacrodus striatus(Valenciennes 1836)
Reef Margin Blenny
Bleni Bebintik Hitam

KAUM–I. 80036, 32.5 mm SL

C: Head crest absent; supraorbital cirri with branches on eachside; nape cirri present; marginof upper lip completely crenulate; greyish dorsally and whitish
ventrally with brownish chevrons
on ventral head, dark and whitespots on side, being darkest/closest around body axis. S: 118 mm
TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to Pitcairn Islands,
and Japan to Australia.
Atsunobu Murase
BLENNIIDAE
Istiblennius dussumieri(Valenciennes 1836)
Streaky Rockskipper
Bleni Jalur Putih

KAUM–I. 105059, 52.4 mm SL

64

C: Occipital crest in males; supraorbital cirri branched; nape cirriabsent; grey or dark green; paler
squarish band with centering
blotch and narrow lines alternately present on side; snout to cheekarea with red or orange spots. S:
130 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from eastern Africa to Japan, Fiji, and Australia. R: Foundin shallow reefs and tidepools.
Atsunobu Murase

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
BLENNIIDAE
Laiphognathus multimaculatus
Smith 1955
Spotty Blenny
Bleni Bebintik Merah

KAUM–I. 79909, 21.6 mm SL

C: Head cirri absent, except for
two cirri on rims of each nostril;lower-lip flap present; gill opening
until area of upper portion of pectoral-fin base; caudal-fin rays unbranched; whitish with reddish upper head, yellowish snout/cheek,
and scattered spots on head/body. S: 45 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to Taiwan, Solomon Islands, andAustralia.
Atsunobu Murase
BLENNIIDAE
Petroscirtes breviceps(Valenciennes 1836)
Striped Poison-fang Blenny Mimic
Bleni Jalur

KAUM–I. 79954, 34.7 mm SL

C: Pair of simple cirri on ventral
surface of lower jaw; nuchal cirriabsent; gill opening restricted
to area above pectoral-fin base;caudal-fin rays unbranched; darkbrown with broad darker stripe
from snout to base of caudal fin.
S: 130 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa toJapan, Papua New Guinea, andWestern Australia.
Atsunobu Murase

BLENNIIDAE
Salarias ceramensis
Bleeker 1853
Seram Blenny
Bleni Seram

KAUM–I. 105209, 83.8 mm SL

65

C: Body relatively deep; occipital
crest absent; nasal/orbital/napecirri fringed with filaments; marginof lips smooth; last anal-fin rayconnected by membrane to caudal peduncle; dark grey to brownish/greenish with complex patternof bars/lines on head, numerous
pale spots on body. S: 130 mm
TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean,from Philippines to Indonesia andSolomon Islands. R: Found inshallow reefs.
Atsunobu Murase

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
BLENNIIDAE
Salarias fasciatus(Bloch 1786)
Jewelled Blenny
Bleni Permata

KAUM–I. 16642, 104.3 mm SL

C: Body relatively deep; occipital
crest absent; nasal/orbital/napecirri branched or fringed with filaments; margin of lips smooth;last anal-fin ray connected bymembrane to caudal peduncle;
light brown with white blotches on
abdomen, white blotches/spots
forming band like patterns on
side. S: 140 mm TL. D: Indo-West
Pacific Ocean, from eastern Africa
to Japan, Marshall Islands, andAustralia.
Atsunobu Murase
GOBIESOCIDAE
Diademichthys lineatus(Sauvage 1883)
Urchin Clingfish
Kling Landak

KAUM–I. 79911, 30.3 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays 12–15; analfin rays 12–14; pectoral-fin rays
24–26; snout extremely narrowand long; body reddish brownwith 3 stripes on dorsal and ventral mid-liens and lateral side. S:
60 mm TL. D: Indo-West Pacific
Ocean, from Oman to Japan,. Fiji,
and Australia. R: Snout of males
shorter and wider than that offemales; usually associated withsea urchin.
Kyoji Fujiwara
CALLIONYMIDAE
Callionymus parvus(Nakabo 1984)
Mangrove Dragonet
Bebaji Bakau

KAUM–I. 79967, 21.6 mm SL

66

C: Preopercular spine with 3 or 4
processes curved upward; bodycolor creamy white; first dorsal fin
high, first membrane with several
dark spots, second membranewith black ocellus in males. S:
22 mm SL. D: Western Pacific
Ocean, from Japan to Australia.
R: Small-sized species, mature
at about 20 mm SL; usually foundon shallow sandy bottoms.
Makoto Okamoto

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
CALLIONYMIDAE
Dactylopus dactylopus(Valenciennes 1837)
Fingered Dragonet
Bebaji Naga

FRLM 55051, 68.1 mm SL

C: Pelvic-fin spine and first soft
ray fused and separated from other soft rays; first dorsal fin high,small black botch on membrane
between third and fourth dorsal-fin
spines; head with brown obliqueband through eye (orange in juveniles). S: 100 mm SL. D: Western
Pacific Ocean, from Japan to
New Guinea. R: Usually found on
shallow sandy bottoms and rocky
reefs.
Makoto Okamoto
GOBIIDAE
Amblyeleotris rubrimarginata
Mohlmann & Randall 2002
Redmargin Shrimpgoby
Belodok Pinggir Merah

KAUM–I. 79958, 58.1 mm SL

C: Body color light brown with 5
brownish orange bars; dark spot
behind upper part of orbit; redmargins or row of small red spots
on both dorsal fins and upper
margin of caudal fin. S: 80 mm
SL. D: Western Pacific Ocean,from Malaysia and Philippines to
Vanuatu and Great Barrier Reef.
R: Usually found on sandy to silty
sandy substrates and living withalpheid shrimps.
Makoto Okamoto
GOBIIDAE
Amblygobius phalaena(Valenciennes 1837)
Sleeper Banded Goby
Belodok Bahu Kuning

KAUM–I. 80062, 56.6 mm SL

67

C: Middle spine of first dorsal
fin elongated; pelvic fin united
medially, disc-like; first dorsal fin
and caudal fin with black blotches; pectoral fin yellow; cheekwith blue spots and broken lines.
S: 150 mm SL. D: Indo-Pacific
Ocean, from Cocos-Keeling Island to French polynesia, and Japan to Australia. R: Usually foundon sandy to silty sandy substrates
at shallow coral reefs.
Makoto Okamoto

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Amblygobius stethophthalmus(Bleeker 1851)
Freckled Goby
Belodok Jagat

FRLM 55109, 40.8 mm SL

C: Pelvic fins united medially;
white-edged brown stripe fromsnout, through eye, to below firstdorsal fin; faint light brown stripe
on cheek, connecting posteriorly
with black spot on pectoral finbase. S: 85 mm SL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans: Andaman Sea, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, andPhilippines. R: Found in bays,
lagoons and estuaries.
Makoto Okamoto
GOBIIDAE
Bathygobius cocosensis(Bleeker 1854)
Cocos Frill Goby
Belodok Kokos

KAUM–I. 16660, 36.2 mm SL

C: Pelvic fins united medially;head and body gray light brown
dorsally, white ventrally; small
black blotches on lateral side ofbody; basal part of first dorsal fin
with black line. S: 60 mm SL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, from eastern
Africa to Polynesia, and Japan
to Australia. R: Found in shallow
rocky shores, coral reefs, and estuaries.
Makoto Okamoto

GOBIIDAE
Callogobius hasseltii(Bleeker 1851)
Hasselt’s Goby
Belodok Ekor Tanda

KAUM–I. 105067, 21.4 mm SL

68

C: First dorsal fin close to second dorsal fin; pelvic fins withfrenum, not separated, posterior
margin slightly truncated; distinct
black blotch on upper margin of
caudal fin. S: 80 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, except for Andaman Sea,
from Sumatra to Fiji, and Japanto eastern Australia. R: Usually found under rocks corals at
depths of less than 20 m.
Kyoji Fujiwara

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Callogobius maculipinnis(Fowler 1918)
Ostrich Goby
Belodok Kasuari

KAUM–I. 105047, 14.1 mm SL

C: Second dorsal-fin rays usually I, 9; anal-fin rays usually I, 7;
pelvic fins with frenum, not separated, posterior margin rounded;caudal fin similar in size to head;2 distinct blotches absent fromsecond dorsal-fin base. S: 90 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia.
R: Usually found under rocks andcorals at depths of less than 20 m.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Ctenogobiops pomastictus
Lubbock & Polunin 1977
Gold-speckled Shrimpgoby
Belodok Bebintik Emas

KAUM–I. 79875, 41.1 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin spines not elongate;caudal fin rounded; small brownish spots on lower half of lateralbody; snout with distinct black
blotch; 4 or 5 black blotches oncheek. S: 70 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from Andaman Sea to Japan, Solomon Islands, and Australia. R: Found on sandy bottoms
with snapping shrimps at depthsof less than 10 m.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Eviota atriventris
Greenfield & Suzuki 2012Blackbelly Dwarfgoby
Gobi Perut Hitam

KAUM–I. 16636, 13.3 mm SL

69

C: Dorsal-fin spins filamentous
in males; second dorsal-fin rays
usually I, 8; anal-fin rays usually I,
7; pectoral-fin rays not branched;abdomen blackish brown with narrow white stripe. S: 20 mm TL. D:
Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans, from Andaman Sea
to Japan and New Caledonia. R:
The present specimen represents
the first record of the species from
Malaysia.
Kyoji Fujiwara

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Eviota filamentosa
Suzuki & Greenfield 2014
Threadfin Dwarfgoby
Gobi Lawi

KAUM–I. 80050, 17.7 mm SL

C: First dorsal-fin spine filamentous in males; second dorsal-fin
rays usually I, 8; anal-fin rays
usually I, 8; pectoral-fin rays notbranched; fifth pelvic-fin ray absent; body yellow to yellowish
brown without any distinct blackspots. S: 20 mm TL. D: Ryukyu
Islands and Bidong Island. R: The
present specimen represents thefirst record of E. filamentosa from
Malaysia and the southernmost
record for the species.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Eviota pellucida
Larson 1976
Transparent Dwarfgoby
Gobi Jalur

KAUM–I. 79830, 21.0 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin spins filamentous
in males; second dorsal-fin rays
usually I, 8; anal-fin rays usually I,
7; pectoral-fin rays not branched;distinct black spots absent fromlower part of caudal-fin base. S:
20 mm TL. D: Malaysia, Ryukyu
Islands, Guam, Ponape, and Marshall and Gilbert islands. R: Veryclose to Eviota prasites Jordan& Seale 1906 and Eviota spilota
Lachner & Karnella 1980.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Eviota queenslandica
Whitley 1932
Queensland Dwarfgoby
Gobi Bahu Bebintik

KAUM–I. 79838, 12.8 mm SL

70

C: Dorsal-fin spins slightly elongate in males; second dorsal-fin
rays usually I, 9; anal-fin rays
usually I, 8; some pectoral-fin
rays branched; 3 reddish brown
blotches present from pectoral-finbase to pre-pelvic region; distinct
black spots absent from center of
caudal-fin base. S: 20 mm TL. D:
Andaman Sea and western Pacific Ocean, from Japan, Philippines,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea, Australia, and Vanuatu.
Kyoji Fujiwara

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Eviota storthynx(Rofen 1959)
Storthynx Dwarfgoby
Gobi Dahi Tompok

KAUM–I. 16635, 15.7 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin spins filamentous
in males; second dorsal-fin rays
usually I, 8; anal-fin rays usually I,
7; pectoral-fin rays not branched;
black blotch present on behind
eye; 3 reddish brown spots on
caudal- and anal-fin bases, respectively. S: 30 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans, from western Australia toJapan and Papua New Guinea. R:
Found in shallow rocky and coral
reefs.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Fusigobius inframaculatus(Randall 1994)
Innerspotted Sandgoby
Belodok Tompok Dalam

KAUM–I. 79873, 38.9 mm SL

C: First dorsal-fin spine elongate; pelvic fins with frenum, notseparated, posterior margin nottruncated; large black blotch on
caudal-fin base; black spots absent from upper pectoral-fin baseand dorsal fins. S: 60 mm TL. D:
Indo-Pacific Ocean, except for
Red Sea and Hawaiian Islands,
from eastern Africa to Marquesas
Islands, and Japan to Australia.
R: Found on sandy bottoms at
depths of less than 30 m.
Kyoji Fujiwara
GOBIIDAE
Gobiodon quinquestrigatus(Valenciennes 1837)
Five-lined Coralgoby
Belodok Lima Garis

KAUM–I. 16615, 26.3 mm SL

71

C: Body oval and laterally compressed; lateral line absent; firstdorsal-fin rounded; pelvic finssmall, forming complete sucker;
head and thorax brownish-orange,and other parts reddish-black; 5vertical bluish-white lines on lateral surface of head to pectoral-finbase. S: 45 mm TL. D: Western
Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Indonesia and Solomon Islands. R:
Found in coral reefs at depths ofless than 15 m.
Hidetoshi Wada

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Istigobius decoratus(Herre 1927)
Decorated Sandgoby
Belodok Hias

KAUM–I. 79966, 55.1 mm SL

C: Pectoral-fin rays 17–19 without
free rays; predorsal scales 8–10;
4–5 black gourd-like blotches on
mid-lateral surface of body; single
small black blotch between first to
third dorsal-fin spines. S: 120 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia.
R: Found on sandy bottoms incoral reefs and lagoons at depthsof less than 25 m.
Hidetoshi Wada
GOBIIDAE
Istigobius goldmanni(Bleeker 1852)
Goldmann’s Sandgoby
Belodok Sirip Jalur

KAUM–I. 79876, 36.0 mm SL

C: Pectoral-fin rays 17–19 without
free rays; predorsal scales 7–9;
4–5 black gourd-like blotches on
mid-lateral surface of body; snout
without distinctive pattern; firstdorsal fin without blotches. S: 60
mm TL. D: Eastern Indian andwestern Pacific oceans, from India to Japan, Fiji, and Australia. R:
Found on sandy bottoms in estuaries, inshore reefs, and lagoons
at depths of less than 5 m.
Hidetoshi Wada
GOBIIDAE
Istigobius nigroocellatus(Günther 1873)
Black-spotted Sandgoby
Belodok Bintik Hitam

KAUM–I. 16561, 22.9 mm SL

72

C: Pectoral-fin rays 17–19 without
free rays; single wedge-shaped
large black blotch at caudal-finbase; single black blotch on dorsal-fin membrane between fifthand sixth spines. S: 65 mm TL.
D: Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans, from Indonesia
to Japan, Solomon Islnads, andAustralia. R: Found on sandy bottoms in coastal reefs at depths ofless than 10 m.
Hidetoshi Wada

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Istigobius ornatus(Rüppell 1830)
Ornate Sandgoby
Belodok Batik

KAUM–I. 105073, 41.8 mm SL

C: Pectoral-fin rays 16–20 with
3 or 4 free upper rays; predorsal
scales 9–12; round, spindle, or
gourd-like black blotches on lateral surface of body, forming numerous longitudinal rows. S: 100 mm
TL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia.
R: Found mangroves and protected bays at depths of less than 2m.
Hidetoshi Wada
GOBIIDAE
Macrodontogobius wilburi
Herre 1936
Largetooth Goby
Belodok Gigi Besar

KAUM–I. 79877, 33.7 mm SL

C: Predorsal scales 6–7; cheekwith 3 longitudinal scale rows;
snout protruding and slightly covering anterior edge of upper lip;mouth inferior; isthmus broad andcompletely scaled. S: 65 mm TL.
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa toJapan, Samoa, and Australia. R:
Found on sandy or silty bottoms
in coastal reefs at depths of lessthan 10 m.
Hidetoshi Wada
GOBIIDAE
Pleurosicya labiata(Weber 1913)
Barrel-sponge Goby
Belodok Kaca Rintik

KAUM–I. 16552, 18.5 mm SL

73

C: Gill opening restricted to pectoral-fin base; lower jaw with distinct
symphyseal canines; nape scaled
forward up to above behind eye;anterior interorbital region withsingle sensory-canal pore; scales
on upper half of body reticulatedwith black pigments. S: 35 mm
TL. D: Western Pacific Ocean,from Japan to northern Australia.
R: Commensal on barrel-shaped
sponges.
Hidetoshi Wada

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Priolepis nuchifasciata(Günther 1873)
Threadfin Reefgoby
Belodok Lawi Jingga

KAUM–I. 79955, 12.0 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI + I, 7–11,
second spine filamentous (curledin present specimen), and softrays branched; pelvic fraenum
present; head and nape withoutscales; cheek without papillae;
inverted Y-shaped, vertical whitebar from nape. S: 30 mm TL.
D: Western Pacific Ocean, from
Taiwan to Australia. R: Found increvices and caverns at depths of
5–30 m.
Hidetoshi Wada
GOBIIDAE
Valenciennea longipinnis(Lay & Bennett 1839)
Longfin Goby
Belodok Sirip Panjang

KAUM–I. 105151, 121.1 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI + I, 12 or 13(usually 12); narrow pink stripes
on first dorsal fin; elliptical darkmarks on middle part of lateralside of body. S: 150 mm TL. D:
Western Australia and western
Pacific Ocean, from southern
Japan to Tonga and eastern Australia. R: Found on sandy bottomof coral rubbles at depths of lessthan 4 m.
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar

GOBIIDAE
Valenciennea muralis(Valenciennes 1837)
Mural Goby
Belodok Jalur

KAUM–I. 80063, 37.2 mm SL

74

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI + I, 11–13(usually 12); several blue bordered red longitudinal stripes onhead, extending faintly on body;
red longitudinal stripes on dorsal
and anal fins; prominent black
blotch at tip of first dorsal fin. S:
129 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromAndaman Sea to Hong Kong,
Solomon Islands, and northern
Australia.
Mazlan Abd GhaffarReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
GOBIIDAE
Valenciennea sexguttata(Valenciennes 1837)
Sixspot Goby
Belodok Tompok

KAUM–I. 16616, 48.2 mm SL

C: Dorsal-fin rays VI + I, 11–13(usually 12); small black blotch
at tip of first dorsal fin; no elliptical dark marks on middle part oflateral side of body. S: 140 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Japan, Line Islands, Samoa,
and Australia. R: Found on sandy
bottom of coral rubbles at depthsof less than 10 m.
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar

PTERELEOTRIDAE
Parioglossus formosus(Smith 1931)
Yellow-striped Dartfish
Gobi-pasir Cantik

Upper: KAUM–I. 105159, 19.8 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 105039, 10.9 mm SL

C: Head and body moderately
compressed; dorsal-fin rays V or
VI + I, 13–15 (usually VI + I, 14);no black blotch on first dorsal fin;broad black longitudinal band
extending from snout to caudal
fin; narrow black longitudinal
stripe from interorbital to upper
caudal-fin base. S: 40 mm TL.
D: Western Pacific Ocean, fromsouthern Japan to Fiji and Australia. R: Found on sandy rubbles
bottom, reefs, and rock crevices.
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
EPHIPPIDAE
Platax boersii
Bleeker 1853
Spotted Batfish
Tudung Periuk Bunak

KAUM–I. 80049, 200.6 mm SL

75

C: Five pores on each side oflower jaw; dorsal fin with 5 spinesand 32–34 soft rays; lateral-line
scales 44–52; black spots usuallyscattered on body in adults; bodyyellowish brown or silvery, withdark bars in juveniles. S: 300 mm
SL. D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean,from southern Red Sea and eastern Africa to southern Japan and
New Guinea.
Masanori NakaeReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyraena pinguis
Günther 1874
Red Barracuda
Kacang-kacang Merah

FRLM 54988, 138.4 mm SL

C: Gill rakers 2; posterior tip of
opercle sharply pointed; first dorsal-fin origin well behind pelvic-fin
insertion; upper part of first dorsal-fin membranes blackish; single longitudinal dark blown stripe
laterally on body. S: 300 mm SL;
D: Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa to Japan, New Guinea, and Australia;
invaded into eastern Mediterranean through Suez Canal.
Daichi Sasaki
SCOMBRIDAE
Euthynnus affinis(Cantor 1849)
Kawakawa
Aya Kurik

FRLM 51733, 241.0 mm SL

C: Gill rakers 29–33; vomer andpalatines with teeth; 2 dorsal
fins separated by only narrowinterspace; body with numerous
narrow stripes on posterior partof dorsum; black spots between
pectoral and pelvic fins. S: 1000
mm TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean,from Red Sea and eastern Africa
to Hawaiian Islands and Polynesia, stray specimens recorded ineastern Pacific Ocean.
Daichi Sasaki
BOTHIDAE
Grammatobothus polyophthalmus(Bleeker 1865)
Manyeyed FlounderSebelah Tiga Tompok

FRLM 51738, 127.6 mm SL

76

C: Body deeply oval; eyes onright side of head; second to tenthdorsal-fin rays elongated in both
sexes and longer in males; pectoral fin on eyed side elongatedin males; eyed side of body with
3 large, distinct dark ocelli. S:
170 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, from
India to southern Japan and Australia.
Hisashi Imamura

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
MONACANTHIDAE
Monacanthus chinensis(Osbeck 1765)
Fanbellied Leatherjacket
Barat-barat Kipas

FRLM 51748, 100.8 mm SL

C: Ventral flap greatly enlarged;
pelvic terminus composed of 3
segments, movable dorso-ventrally; 28–30 dorsal-fin rays;
27–30 anal-fin rays; several
brown stripes radiating from eye.
S: 400 mm TL. D: Eastern Indian
and western Pacific oceans, fromThailand to East China Sea and
New Guinea. R: Sheltered coastal reefs, frequently found on mud
bottoms of estuaries or among
seagrasses.
Keiichi Matsuura
MONACANTHIDAE
Pseudomonacanthus macrurus(Bleeker 1856)
Strap-weed Filefish
Kerosok Rumpair

FRLM 51747, 160.2 mm SL

C: Ventral flap large; pelvic terminus immovable, composed of 2
segments; 29–31 dorsal-fin rays;
27–30 anal-fin rays; body color
variable but usually yellowish tobrownish with many dark brown
to blackish spots. S: 230 mm TL.
D: Western Pacific Ocean, from
Ryukyu Islands to Malaysia. R:
Reef flats and lagoons, frequently
found among sea weeds or seagrasses.
Keiichi Matsuura
OSTRACIIDAE
Ostracion cubicum
Linnaeus 1758
Yellow Boxfish
Kaban Kuning

KAUM–I. 79903, 69.7 mm SL

77

C: Carapace quadrangular incross-section; no spines on carapace; large adults pale yellowish
brown; juveniles bright yellow withmany black spots; intermediate
individuals tan to brownish yellow with many clusters of blackrimmed pale spots. S: 450 mm
TL. D: Indo-Pacific Ocean, fromRed Sea and eastern Africa tosouthern Japan and Tuamotu
Islands. R: Solitary in coral reefs
and rocky areas.
Keiichi MatsuuraReef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
TETRAODONTIDAE
Arothron mappa(Lesson 1831)
Map Puffer
Buntal Pasir Corak

KAUM–I. 79930, 377.0 mm SL

C: Spinules on head and body except for bases of fins and caudal
peduncle; head and body yellowish gray with irregular black lines
making reticulating patterns on
dorsal surface and sides; ventral
one-third of body with large black
blotch; many black lines radiating from eye. S: 600 mm TL. D:
Indo-West Pacific Ocean, fromeastern Africa to southern Japanand Australia. R: Solitary in coral
reefs.
Keiichi Matsuura
DIODONTIDAE
Diodon holocanthus
Linnaeus 1758
Longspined Porcupinefish
Buntal Landak Panjang

KAUM–I. 79949, 69.3 mm SL

78

C: Many erectile spines on headand body; no spines on caudal
peduncle; head and body lightgrayish brown dorsally, whitish
ventrally; many small brown spots
on head and body but no spots on
fins; large dark brown blotches on
back. S: 380 mm TL. D: Circumglobal in warm waters. R: Solitary
in coral reefs; juveniles frequently
forming large schools.
Keiichi Matsuura

A
Abudefduf bengalensis
Abudefduf sexfasciatus
Abudefduf vaigiensis
Acanthosphex leurynnis
adiergastos, Chaetodon
adusta, Pempheris
affinis, Euthynnus
affinis, Scolopsis
Alepes varialexanderae, Pomacentrus
Alticus saliens
Amblyeleotris rubrimarginata
Amblygaster sirm
Amblyglyphidodon curacao
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster
Amblygobius phalaena
Amblygobius stethophthalmus
Amblypomacentrus breviceps
Amphiprion clarkii
Amphiprion frenatus
Amphiprion ocellaris
Amphiprion perideraion
anabatoides, Neopomacentrus
Andamia tetradactylus
annularis, Pomacanthus
ANTENNARIIDAE
Antennatus nummifer
APLOACTINIDAE
Apogon crassiceps
Apogon seminigracaudus
APOGONIDAE
Archamia bleekeri
areolatus, Epinephelus
argenteus, Monodactylus
argus, Halichoeres
Arothron mappa
artus, Cheilodipterus
ATHERINIDAE
Atherinomorus lacunosus
atripectoralis, Chromis
atriventris, Eviota
Atule mate
aurita, Parascorpaena
Bbaillonii, Trachinotus
balinensis, Stolephorus
Bathygobius cocosensis
bengalensis, Abudefduf
bicoarctatus, Trachyrhamphus
bicolor, Ecsenius
bilineata, Scolopsis
bilitonensis, Blenniellableekeri, Archamia
Blenniella bilitonensis
BLENNIIDAE
boenak, Cephalopholisboersii, Platax
BOTHIDAE
breviceps, Amblypomacentrus
breviceps, Petroscirtes
brocki, Halicampus
C
Caesio cuning
CAESIONIDAECALLIONYMIDAE
Callionymus parvus
Callogobius hasseltii
Callogobius maculipinnis
caninus, Pentapodus
CARANGIDAE
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus
castelnaui, Opistognathus
cavitensis, Ostorhinchus
CENTRISCIDAE
Centriscus scutatus
Cephalopholis boenak
Cephalopholis cyanostigma
Cephalopholis formosa
Cephalopholis microprion
ceramensis, Salarias

41
41
41
18
38
37
76
34
28
49
62
67
11
42
42
67
68
42
43
43
43
44
48
62
40
13
13
18
22
22
22
23
19
38
53
78
23
17
17
44
69
28
17
30
11
68
41
16
63
35
63
23
63
62
18
75
76
42
65
15
33
33
66
66
68
69
34
28
29
22
24
15
15
18
18
19
19
65

Ceratobregma helenae
Chaetodon adiergastos
Chaetodon octofasciatus
Chaetodon trifascialis
CHAETODONTIDAE
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus
Cheilinus chlorourus
Cheilinus fasciatus
Cheilinus trilobatus
Cheilodipterus artus
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Cheiloprion labiatus
Chelmon rostratus
chinensis, Monacanthus
chloropterus, Halichoeres
chlorourus, Cheilinus
Chlorurus spilurus
Chromis atripectoralis
Chromis cinerascens
Chrysiptera unimaculata
chrysopomus, Ostorhinchus
chrysotaenia, Halichoeres
chrysozonus, Coradion
chrysurus, Pomacentrus
cinerascens, Chromis
clarkii, Amphiprion
CLUPEIDAE
coccinicauda, Pseudochromis
cocosensis, Bathygobius
coelestis, Pomacentrus
coeruleolineatus, Plesiops
coeruleopinnatus, Carangoides
compressus, Ostorhinchus
cookii, Ostorhinchus
Coradion chrysozonus
Coris pictoides
crassiceps, Apogon
crumenophthalmus, Selar
Ctenogobiops pomastictus
cubicum, Ostracion
cuneatus, Pomacentrus
cuning, Caesio
curacao, Amblyglyphidodon
cyanomos, Neopomacentrus
cyanopleura, Leptojulis
cyanosoma, Ostorhinchus
cyanostigma, Cephalopholis
D
Dactylopus dactylopus
dactylopus, Dactylopus
Dascyllus reticulatus
Dascyllus trimaculatus
Decapterus russelli
decoratus, Istigobius
decussatus, Entomacrodus
Deveximentum indicium
Diademichthys lineatus
didactylus, Inimicus
digramma, Oxycheilinus
dimidiatus, Labroides
Diodon holocanthus
DIODONTIDAE
Dischistodus fasciatus
Dischistodus melanotus
Dischistodus perspicillatus
Doryrhamphus janssi
dussumieri, IstiblenniusE
Ecsenius bicolor
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis
endekataenia, Ostorhinchus
ENGRAULIDAE
Enneapterygius philippinus
Enneapterygius rhabdotus
Enneapterygius similis
Enneapterygius tutuilae
Entomacrodus decussatus
Entomacrodus striatus
EPHIPPIDAE
Epibulus insidiator
EPINEPHELIDAE

79

59
38
39
39
38
40
52
52
52
23
23
44
39
77
54
52
58
44
45
45
24
54
40
49
45
43
11
20
68
49
21
29
25
25
40
53
22
29
69
77
50
33
42
48
57
25
18
67
67
45
46
29
72
64
30
66
17
57
56
78
78
46
46
47
15
64
63
63
26
11
60
60
60
61
64
64
75
53
18

Epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus quoyanus
equula, Leiognathus
Equulites oblongus
Euthynnus affinis
evides, Iniistius
Eviota atriventris
Eviota filamentosa
Eviota pellucida
Eviota queenslandica
Eviota storthynxFfasciatus, Cheilinus
fasciatus, Dischistodus
fasciatus, Salarias
filamentosa, Eviota
formosa, Cephalopholis
formosus, Parioglossus
frenatus, Amphiprion
fucata, Taeniamia
furcosus, Nemipterus
fusca, Nectamia
fuscipectoris, Helcogramma
fuscus, Pseudochromis
Fusigobius inframaculatusG
Gazza minuta
genivittatus, Lethrinus
GOBIESOCIDAE
GOBIIDAE
Gobiodon quinquestrigatus
goldmanni, Istigobius
Grammatobothus polyophthalmus
grayi, Halicampus
Gymnothorax herrei
H
Halicampus brocki
Halicampus grayi
Halichoeres argus
Halichoeres chloropterus
Halichoeres chrysotaenia
Halichoeres marginatus
Halichoeres melanochir
Halichoeres melanurus
hasseltii, Callogobius
hayashii, Pseudamia
Helcogramma fuscipectoris
Helcogramma springeri
Helcogramma striata
helenae, Ceratobregma
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon
Hemigymnus melapterus
herrei, Gymnothorax
hexodon, Nemipterus
holocanthus, Diodon
HOLOCENTRIDAE
I
indicium, Deveximentum
inframaculatus, Fusigobius
Iniistius evides
Iniistius trivittatus
Inimicus didactylus
insidiator, Epibulus
Istiblennius dussumieri
Istigobius decoratus
Istigobius goldmanni
Istigobius nigroocellatus
Istigobius ornatusJ
janssi, Doryrhamphus
jarbua, TeraponLlabiata, Pleurosicya
labiatus, Cheiloprion
labiosus, Plicomugil
LABRIDAE
Labroides dimidiatus
lacunosus, Atherinomorus
Laiphognathus multimaculatus
laternarius, Spinipegasus
LEIOGNATHIDAE

19
20
31
31
76
56
69
70
70
70
71
52
46
66
70
19
75
43
27
33
24
61
21
71
31
36
66
67
71
72
76
16
11
15
16
53
54
54
54
55
55
68
27
61
61
62
59
47
55
11
34
78
13
30
71
56
56
17
53
64
72
72
72
73
15
51
73
44
16
52
56
17
65
14
30

Scientific name index

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula

Scientific name index

Reef and shore fishes of Bidong Island, off east coast of Malay Peninsula
Leiognathus equula
leopardus, Plectropomus
Leptojulis cyanopleura
leptolepis, Selaroides
LETHRINIDAE
Lethrinus genivittatus
Lethrinus ornatus
Lethrinus semicinctus
leucogaster, Amblyglyphidodonleurynnis, Acanthosphex
lineatus, Diademichthyslineatus, Plotosus
longipinnis, Valenciennea
lunare, Thalassoma
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus vitta
lutjanus, Lutjanus
M
Macrodontogobius wilburi
macrurus, Pseudomonacanthus
maculipinnis, Callogobius
mappa, Arothron
margaritifera, Scolopsis
marginatus, Halichoeres
mate, Atulemelanochir, Halichoeres
melanotus, Dischistodus
melanurus, Halichoeres
melapterus, Hemigymnus
melas, Neoglyphidodon
mesoleucus, Chaetodontoplus
microprion, Cephalopholis
minuta, Gazza
moluccensis, Pomacentrus
MONACANTHIDAE
Monacanthus chinensis
MONODACTYLIDAE
Monodactylus argenteus
monogramma, Scolopsis
MUGILIDAE
MULLIDAE
multilineatus, Ostorhinchus
multimaculatus, Laiphognathus
MURAENIDAE
muralis, Valenciennea
murdjan, Myripristis
Myripristis murdjan
N
Nectamia fusca
NEMIPTERIDAE
Nemipterus furcosus
Nemipterus hexodon
Neoglyphidodon melas
Neoglyphidodon nigroris
Neopomacentrus anabatoides
Neopomacentrus cyanomos
nigroocellatus, Istigobius
nigroris, Neoglyphidodon
nuchifasciata, Priolepis
nummifer, AntennatusO
oblongus, Equulites
obreptus, Stegastes
ocellaris, Amphiprion
octofasciatus, Chaetodon
OPISTOGNATHIDAE
Opistognathus castelnaui
ornatus, Istigobius
ornatus, Lethrinus
Ostorhinchus cavitensis
Ostorhinchus chrysopomus
Ostorhinchus compressus
Ostorhinchus cookii
Ostorhinchus cyanosoma
Ostorhinchus endekataenia
Ostorhinchus multilineatus
Ostorhinchus wassinki
OSTRACIIDAE
Ostracion cubicum

31
20
57
30
36
36
36
37
42
18
66
12
74
58
32
32
32
33
32
73
77
69
78
35
54
28
55
46
55
55
47
40
19
31
50
77
77
38
38
35
16
37
26
65
11
74
13
13
24
33
33
34
47
48
48
48
72
48
74
13
31
51
43
39
22
22
73
36
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
26
77
77

oualensis, Pempheris
Oxycheilinus digramma
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus
P
Parapercis snyderi
Parapercis xanthozona
Parascorpaena aurita
Parioglossus formosus
parvus, Callionymus
PEGASIDAE
pellucida, Eviota
PEMPHERIDAE
Pempheris adusta
Pempheris oualensis
Pentapodus caninus
perideraion, Amphiprion
perspicillatus, Dischistodus
Petroscirtes breviceps
phalaena, Amblygobius
philippinus, Enneapterygius
philippinus, Pomacentrus
Photolateralis stercorarius
pictoides, CorisPINGUIPEDIDAE
pinguis, Sphyraena
plagiometopon, Hemiglyphidodon
Platax boersii
Plectropomus leopardus
PLESIOPIDAE
Plesiops coeruleolineatus
Pleurosicya labiata
Plicomugil labiosus
PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosus lineatus
polyophthalmus, Grammatobothus
POMACANTHIDAE
Pomacanthus annularis
POMACENTRIDAE
Pomacentrus alexanderae
Pomacentrus chrysurus
Pomacentrus coelestis
Pomacentrus cuneatus
Pomacentrus moluccensis
Pomacentrus philippinus
pomastictus, Ctenogobiops
praslin, Sargocentron
Priolepis nuchifasciata
Pristicon trimaculatus
Pseudamia hayashii
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Pseudochromis coccinicauda
Pseudochromis fuscus
Pseudochromis ransonneti
Pseudomonacanthus macrurus
PTERELEOTRIDAE
punctatus, Stegastes
Q
queenslandica, Eviota
quinquelineatus, Cheilodipterus
quinquelineatus, Lutjanus
quinquestrigatus, Gobiodon
quoyanus, Epinephelus
quoyi, ScarusRransonneti, Pseudochromis
reticulatus, Dascyllus
rhabdotus, Enneapterygius
rostratus, Chelmon
rubrimarginata, Amblyeleotris
rubrum, Sargocentron
russelli, Decapterus
S
Salarias ceramensis
Salarias fasciatussaliens, Alticus
Sargocentron praslin
Sargocentron rubrum
Saurida tumbil
SCARIDAE
Scarus quoyi
Scolopsis affinis

80

38
57
57
59
59
17
75
66
14
70
37
37
38
34
44
47
65
67
60
50
32
53
59
76
47
75
20
21
21
73
16
12
12
76
40
40
41
49
49
49
50
50
50
69
14
74
27
27
20
20
21
21
77
75
51
70
23
32
71
20
58
21
45
60
39
67
14
29
65
66
62
14
14
12
58
58
34

Scolopsis bilineata
Scolopsis margaritifera
Scolopsis monogramma
Scolopsis taenioptera
SCOMBRIDAESCORPAENIDAE
scutatus, Centriscus
Selar crumenophthalmus
Selaroides leptolepis
semicinctus, Lethrinus
seminigracaudus, Apogon
sexfasciatus, Abudefduf
sexguttata, Valenciennea
similis, Enneapterygius
sirm, Amblygastersnyderi, Parapercis
Sphyraena pinguis
SPHYRAENIDAE
spilurus, Chlorurus
Spinipegasus laternarius
springeri, Helcogramma
Stegastes obreptus
Stegastes punctatus
stercorarius, Photolateralis
stethophthalmus, Amblygobius
Stolephorus balinensis
storthynx, Eviota
striata, Helcogramma
striatus, Entomacrodus
SYNANCEIIDAESYNGNATHIDAESYNODONTIDAE
Synodus variegatus
T
Taeniamia fucata
Taeniamia zosterophorataenioptera, Scolopsis
Terapon jarbua
TERAPONTIDAE
tetradactylus, Andamia
TETRAODONTIDAE
Thalassoma lunare
Trachinocephalus trachinus
Trachinotus baillonii
trachinus, Trachinocephalus
Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus
tragula, Upeneus
trifascialis, Chaetodon
trilobatus, Cheilinus
trimaculatus, Dascyllus
trimaculatus, Pristicon
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
trivittatus, Iniistius
tumbil, Saurida
tutuilae, Enneapterygius
U
unifasciatus, Oxycheilinus
unimaculata, Chrysiptera
Upeneus tragulaVvaigiensis, Abudefduf
Valenciennea longipinnis
Valenciennea muralis
Valenciennea sexguttatavari, Alepesvariegatus, Synodus
vitta, LutjanusWwassinki, Ostorhinchus
wilburi, MacrodontogobiusXxanthozona, ParapercisYyaeyamaensis, EcseniusZzosterophora, Taeniamia

35
35
35
36
76
17
15
29
30
37
22
41
75
60
11
59
76
76
58
14
61
51
51
32
68
11
71
62
64
17
15
12
12
27
28
36
51
51
62
78
58
13
30
13
16
37
39
52
46
27
59
56
12
61
57
45
37
41
74
74
75
28
12
33
26
73
59
63
28

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