18thConference of theInternational Federation for
Information Processing(IFIP WG 9.4)

2024
20 -22 MAY

Cape Town, South Africa

PROGRAMME
Host: University of Cape Town, South Africa

PREFACE
In a world where digital technologies have become the linchpin of global progress, a stark reality has emerged:
a society characterised by inequalities and injustice. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa underscored theglaring inequality in the distribution of essential resources, as exemplified by the unequal access to COVID-19
vaccines, during the New Global Financing Pact summit in Paris, France, in June 2023. It serves as a reminder ofthe enduring disparities that define our world.
Digital technologies remain a force with the potential to disrupt existing power structures and democratise
access to opportunities. They have empowered communities to engage in social, political, and economic spheresthat were once out of reach. The impact of digital technologies has extended to catalysing global social justice
movements and creating platforms for marginalised voices. Yet, the transformative potential of technology isnuanced and replete with complexities.
The 18th Working Group 9.4 Conference of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP WG 9.4)
gathered scholars and practitioners dealing with how ICT affects social development. The conference theme,“Reshaping an Unequal World Through Social Justice and Digital Technologies,” aimed to initiate the journey
to explore digital technology’s multifaceted role in forging a more equitable and just world. The conference
provided a platform for rigorous discourse, innovative solutions, and collaborative endeavors that leverage thepotential of digital technologies to tackle global inequalities and champion social justice. The conference invitedsubmissions of full research papers and short papers to the following 15 tracks:
1.

Artificial Intelligence, Inequalities, and Human Rights

2.

Technology & Social Justice3.

Diverse and Inclusive Digital Transformation

4.

ICT in Displacement and Conflict Zones: Ideas, Disconnects, & Innovations

5.

Giving Voice to Marginalised Perspectives in IS Research

6.

Human-Computer Interaction for Ethical Value Exchange and Social Inclusion

7.

Smart Collaborations & Crowdsourcing

8.

Philosophical, Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Researching ICT4D

9.

ICT Curriculum and Education

10. Information and Computer Security
11. Digital Inclusion through e-Government
12. Research in Indigenous African Languages
13. Digitalisation for Indigenous Emancipation
14. Digital Platforms in the Global South
15. General Track
One hundred seven (107) full papers were submitted by the deadline. Full-paper submissions were subjected to
double-blind reviews by at least three reviewers, of which 58 full papers and six (6) short papers were acceptedfor publication after revisions were made as suggested by reviewers. Accepted papers were published in the
Springer conference proceedings and made available in SpringerLink after the conference, with authors receiving
personal access links.

Programme Committee
Chigona Wallace, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Kabanda Salah, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Seymour Lisa, University of Cape Town, South Africa

18th Conference of the International Federation for Information Processing 2024
20 -22 MAY Cape Town, South Africa

ORGANISATION
The 18th Working Group 9.4 Conference of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP WG 9.4)2024 took place during May 20–22, 2024, at the UCT GSB Academic Conference Centre, Portswood Road, Victoria
and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town, South Africa.

Conference Chairs

Mooketsi Bojelo

University of Cape Town, Szouth Africa

Tope Samuel Adeyelure

Brown Irwin

Tsibolane Pitso

University of Botswana, Botswana
Tswane University of Technology, South Africa

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Chikumba Patrick

Programme Chairs

Segooa Mmatshuene Anna

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Cilliers Liezel

Chigona Wallace
Kabanda Salah

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Seymour Lisa

Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Malawi
Tswane University of Technology, South Africa
Fort Hare University, South Africa

Budree Adheesh

University of Cape Town, South Africa

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Renken Jaco

Local Arrangements Chairs

Oredo John Otieno

Budree Adheesh

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Chimboza Tendani

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Densmore Melissa

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Desi Portia

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Kapepo Meke

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Kyobe Mike

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Mwalemba Gwamaka

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Oosterwyk Grant

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Pekana Ayanda

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Poggenpoel Gilah

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Ruhwanya Zainab

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Snyman Dirk

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Uys Walter

University of Cape Town, South Africa

van Belle Jean-PaulThe University of Manchester, UK
University of Nairobi, Kenya

Tanner Maureen

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Mamello Thinyane

University of South Australia, Australia

Singh Harminder

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

Chigona Wallace

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Tsibolane Pitso

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Zimba Michael

Malawi University of Science and Technology, Malawi

Shaun Pather

University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Ricardo Gómez

University of Washington, USA

PhD Forum Chairs
Dirk Snyman

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Densmore Melissa

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Review Committee
Addo Atta

University of Surrey, UK

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Adebesin Funmi

Yvonne Brown
University of Cape Town, South Africa

Adeyelure Tope SamuelTrack Chairs
Pal Abhips

Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, India

De’ Rahul

Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India

Okai George Essah Yaw

University of Mines and Technology, Ghana

Agangiba Millicent

University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana

Hussain Faheem

The State University of New York, USA

Brown Suzana

The State University of New York, USA

University of Pretoria, South Africa
Tswane University of Technology, South Africa

Agangiba Millicent

University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana

Angsana Techatassanasoontorn

Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandBadie Farshad

Aalborg University, Denmark

Bailey Arlene

University of the West Indies, Jamaica

Bojelo Mooketsi

University of Botswana, Botswana

Bonina Carla

University of Surrey, UK

Brown Irwin

Mawela Tendani

Brown Suzana

Mujinga Mathias

Budree Adheesh

Mukherjee Arunima Sehgal

Buxton Samantha

Mulyata John

Cataldo Alejano

Nicholson Brian

Chigona Wallace

Nielsen Petter

Chikumba Patrick

Nwankpa Joseph

Cilliers Liezel

Okai George Essah Yaw

Cisneros Andrea Jiménez

Ononiwu Chidi

Cranfield Desireé

Oredo John Otieno

Diaz Andrade, Antonio

Ortiz Aurora Sánchez

Diniz Eduardo

Pekane Ayanda

University of Cape Town, South Africa
The State University of New York, US
University of Cape Town
Swansea University, UK
Universidad de Talca, Chile
University of Cape Town
Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Malawi
Fort Hare University, South Africa
Sheffield University, UK

Swansea University, UK
University of Agder, Norway
Fundação Getúlio Vargas – Escola de Administração
de Empresas de São Paulo, Brazil

Dlodlo Nomusa

Rhodes University, South Africa

Effah John

University of Ghana, Ghana

Faith Becky

Institute of Development Studies, UK

Foster Christopher

The University of Manchester, UK

Gamel Wiredu

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana

Gcora Nozibele

University of Pretoria, South Africa

Graeml Alexandre

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil

Hatakka MathiasÖrebro University, Sweden

Hugo Lotriet

University of South Africa, South Africa

Hussain Faheem

The State University of New York, USA

Ilavarasan Vigneswara

Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi, India

Inuwa Ibrahim

American University of Nigeria, Nigeria

Jere Joseph Ntabeni

University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Jere Nobert

Walter Sisulu University

John Dobson

Clark University, USA

Kabanda Salah

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Kankuzi Bennett

Malawi University of Science & Technology, Malawi

Kowal Jolanta

University of Wrocław, Poland

Kritzinger Elmarie

University of South Africa, South Africa

Mamello Thinyane

University of South Australia, Australia

Maravanyika Munyaradzi
Namibia University, Namibia

University of Pretoria, South Africa
University of South Africa, South Africa
University of Oslo, Norway

Swansea University, Wales, UK
The University of Manchester, UK
University of Oslo, Norway
University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
University of Mines and Technology, Ghana
American University of Nigeria, Nigeria
University of Nairobi, Kenya
Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile
University of Cape Town

Peter Meso

Florida Gulf State University, USA

Pitso Tsibolane

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Rahul Dé

Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India

Renken Jaco

The University of Manchester, UK

Ricardo Gómez

University of Washington, USA

Roberts Tony

Institute of Development Studies, UKSæbø Øystein

University of Agder, Norway

Safla Aslam

University of Cape Town

Segooa Mmatshuene Anna

Tswane University of technology, South Africa

Seymour Lisa

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Shaun Pather

University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Singh Harminder

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand

Siyabonga Mhlongo

University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Smuts Hanlie

University of Pretoria, South Africa

Tanner Maureen

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Thapa Devendra

University of Agder, Norway

Twinomurinzi Hossana

University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Uys Walter

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Van Belle Jean-Paul

University of Cape Town, South Africa

Van Biljon Judy

University of South Africa, South Africa

Zimba Michael

Malawi University of Science and Technology, Malawi

18th Conference of the International Federation for Information Processing 2024
20 -22 MAY Cape Town, South Africa

SCHEDULE
DAY 1 | MONDAY 20 MAY
08:00 - DOCTORAL CONSORTIUM – by invitation only
17:00

18:00 20:00

CONFERENCE WELCOME RECEPTION
all conference delegates

20:30

Close

Co-Chairs:
Dirk Snyman and Melissa Densmore University of Cape Town
Presenters:
Devinder Thapa and Antonio Diaz-Andrade University of Agder
DC Mentorship Teams:
Richard Heeks University of Manchester, Dirk Snyman University of Cape Town
Sundeep Sahay University of Oslo, Walter Uys University of Cape Town
Sajda Qureshi University of Nebraska Omaha, Tendani Chimboza University of Cape Town
Caroline Khene Institute of Development Studies, UK, Luzuko Tekeni University of Cape Town
Silvia Masiero University of Oslo, Adheera Kabanda University of Cape Town
Antonio Diaz-Andrade (University of Agder), Salah Kabanda (University of Cape Town)
Devinder Thapa (University of Agder), Maureen Tanner (University of Cape Town)

DAY 2 | TUESDAY 21 MAY
08:00 17:00

REGISTRATIONTEA /COFFEE

08:30
09:00

Conference Welcome and Opening Address | Conference Co-Chair: Pitso Tsibolane | Auditorium
Keynote address | Prof Francis Nyamnjoh (Professor of Social Anthropology, UCT)TEA /COFFEE

10:30
11:00

PANEL DISCUSSION A | Auditorium

Gender, Technology, and Theory: The Intersectionality We Need
Priyanka Pandey, Silvia Masiero, Tony Roberts, Katherine Wyers

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 1A Auditorium
Track: Technology &Social JusticeSession Chair: George Okai

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 1B Venue 4 - Floor 1
Track: Information andComputer Security

Session Chair: Elmarie Kritzinger

PANEL DISCUSSION B | Faculty Room - B Block

Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in the Global South
Suzana Brown, Michael Zimba, PJ Wall, Faheem Hussain, Hossana Twinomurinzi

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 1C Venue 5 - Floor 1

SESSION 1D

SESSION 1E

Session Chair: Tendani Chimboza

Track: Big Data

Track: General Track

Track: ICTs and Ethics

Faculty Room - B Block
Session Chair: Peter Meso

Executive Room - B Block
Session Chair: R. Gómez

12:00

Understanding
chilling effects
in digital spaces– a study of
Ugandan LGBT+
advocacy inthe wake ofthe draconian
2023 Antihomosexuality
Act (52)

C. Strand
Uppsala
University,
SwedenSchoolteacher
demographic
characteristics
and theintention
to promote
cyber-safety
awareness (25)

K. Mabitle,
E. Kritzinger
University ofSouth Africa,
South Africa

Information
Ethics in
Knowledge
Sharing,
Transfer, andTranslation (13)

M. Thomas,
D. Hovorka
University ofSydneyV. Sistenich St.
George Hospital
Yan LiClaremont
Graduate
University

The
contributionsof businessintelligenceand big data
to public
healthcare in
South Africa(76)

N. Makhaye,
S. Mwapwele
University of the
Witwatersrand,South Africa

Contextual
usabilityof Fintech
by African
Caribbean
Micro-Business
Owners in the
UK (51)

A. Owoseni,
C. Khene,
A. Adedigba,
M. Adisa
De Montfort
University,
United Kingdom

12:30

Social Inclusionand public
participationin the Digital
Era: A Critical
Discourse
Analysis of the2016 WorldBank Report(72)

C. Kondowe
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Factors
Influencing
Generation Z’s
Cybersecurity
Practices:
An Empirical
Analysis (103)

E. Slamet,
Z. Ruhwanya
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Drawing a Map
in the Sand:
Locating an
Ethics of Care in
the ICT-Related
Migration
Practicesof OlderVolunteers
in the US
Southwest (36)

S. Vannini
University of
Sheffield
R. Gomez
University ofWashington
B. Newell
University ofOregonHarnessing theUnseen: A Case
Study on the
Barriers to Big
Data Analytics
in a Major
South African
Retailer (101)

S. Moloi,
G. Oosterwyk,
A. Budree
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Situational
analyses of
Climate Data
Infrastructure
in Mozambique(85)

J. J. Uache,
J. A. Malauene
Universidade
EduardoMondlane

13:00

LUNCH

SESSION 2A Auditorium

Track: Smart Technology

SESSION 2B Venue 4 - Floor 1

Track: Information and
Session Chair: Samwel Mwapwele Computer Security

Session Chair: Katazo Amunkete

SESSION 2C Venue 5 - Floor 1

SESSION 2D

SESSION 2E

Session Chair: Grant Oosterwyk

Track: Health IS

Workshop

Track: Social Media

Faculty Room - B Block
Session Chair: Walter Uys

14:00

Unveiling thesmart vision
guiding ICTenabled ruraldevelopment(93)

P. Thapa
University ofAgder, Norway

Educators’
Perspectives on
Cybersecurity:
Case ofresourceconstrained
Schools inSouth Africa(104)

C. Magunje,
W. Chigona
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Fake News in
Developing
Countries:
Drivers,
Mechanisms
andConsequences(26)

V. Mwendwa
Masavah,
M. Turpin

Digital Mental
Health in
Humanitarian
Crisis in
Bangladesh (29)

H. Ahsan,L. Christensen
IT University of
Copenhagen,Denmark

14:30

Smart City
for Civic
Participation:
A Conceptual
Framework (15)

M. Lorenzo,
L. A. J. LuizFGV EBAPE,
BrazilBridging theDigital Divide:
Securing
Information
and Computer
Systems in an
Unequal World(68)

P. Meso,D. Acheampong,
J. Brito-Mieses,
I. O. Agyemang
FloridaGulf Coast
University;
China University
of Electronic
Science andTechnology

Exploring
COVID-19
VaccineMisinformation
on Twitter(x): A case of#Vaccine
RollOutSA (56)

S. Manene,
L. Cilliers
University ofFort Hare, South
AfricaAssessing
Factors
Affecting
Doctors Accessto Medical
Knowledge at
Point-of-care in
the Context of
Evidence-based
medicine (34)

E. C. Kungwalo
University of
MalawiG. Kunyenje
Catholic
University
Chiladzuru,
MalawiC. Kanjo
University of
Malawi

Executive Room - B Block
Chair: Richard Heeks et al
Reworking the Principles for
Digital-Transformation-forDevelopment (DX4D) Research15:00

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Smart Cities
for Whom?
Exploring theRole of Gunshot
Detection
Systems in
Marginalized
Communities(53)

S. Pastor,
G. Oosterwyk,
P. Tsibolane,
I. Kinnes
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Making ourdigital world abetter place:
Spiritual
Leadershipand Digital
Transformation(44)

A. Mphahlele,
H. Twinomurinzi,
C. Hoole
University of
Johannesburg,
South Africa

Lessons
Learnedfrom EdTech
Integration
during the
COVID-19
Pandemic

T. KanoKanazawa
Institute ofTechnology,
Japan
K. Ishikawa
Koei Research &Consulting Inc.,Tokyo, Japan

Topic

Presenters
Reworking the Principles for
Digital-Transformation-forDevelopment (DX4D) Research

TEA /COFFEE

15:30

SESSION 3A Auditorium

Track: Artificial Intelligenceand Human Rights
Session Chair: Sharon Geeling

SESSION 3B Venue 4 - Floor 1

SESSION 3C Venue 5 - Floor 1

Session Chair: Zainab Ruhwanya

Track: Philosophical,
Session Chair: Millicent Agangiba Theoretical andMethodological Approaches

Track: Design andDevelopment

Track: ICT4D Projects
and Social Justice

SESSION 3D

Faculty Room - B Block

SESSION 3E

Executive Room - B Block

WORKSHOP

Chair: Richard Heeks et al

Session Chair: Shirin Madon

16:00

The Applicationof Artificial
Intelligencein Diabetes
Prediction: A
BibliometricAnalysis (89)

E. Mbuya,
T. Mokheleli,
T. Bokaba,
P. Ndayizigamiye
University of
Johannesburg,
South Africa

Designinga health
assessment
system forthe quality ofNapier leaves
for animal
feeding in
Rwanda (62)

R. Said Omar,
J. Rigwema,
R. Musabe,
M. Ogore
RwandaUniversity

A Social JusticeAnalysis ofCompetingTensions in a
Pan-African
Open Science
Initiative (81)P. Abbott
The Universityof Sheffield,
United Kingdom

ICT4D
Research: The
Lame Duck of
the Brazilian
Academy ofManagement(14)

Luiz Antonio
Joia
Getulio Vargas
Foundation, Riode Janeiro

16:30

Appropriationof Artificial
Intelligence inan E-learning
Institution to
Enhance Tuition(100)

S. Mncube
University ofSouth Africa,
South Africa

A Pilot Mobile
App to Collect
South African
Child Language
Data (71)

T. Malan,
B. Tucker
Stellenbosch
University,
South Africa
Sefela L. YalalaNorthwestern
University,
South Africa

Challenges
of ICT4D
solutions in
Somalia: A Casestudy of Land
Management(75)

M. Nuh,M. Ruohonen
TampereUniversity
S. Pekkola
Jyväskylä
University

A multi-method
text analysis
approach forstudying ICT4D
projects indeveloping
countries:
A case ofagriculturalcommissioningin India (37)

Ranjan Vaidya
Auckland
University ofTechnology,
New Zealand

17:00

Using AI to
Support Home
Language
Educationin Conflict
Zones: Lessons
Learned (3)L. Butgereit
Nelson Mandela
University,
South Africa

Tailoring Agile
for Medical
SoftwareDevelopment:
Global South
Perspective (82)

Y. Salihu,
J. Bass,
G. Iyawa
University ofSalford, United
Kingdom

Organisational
supportfor ICT4D
practitioner
performance:a new pathway
for enhancing
ICT4D project
outcomes (17)

E. Kimaro,
J. Renken,
N. Cunningham,
R. Heeks
The Universityof Manchester,
United Kingdom

Surveillance ofantimicrobial
resistancein theenvironment:
Imperatives for
ICT4D research(107)

S. Sahay
University ofOslo
A. Mukherjee
HISP India

17:30

Close

DAY 3 | WEDNESDAY 22 MAY
08:00 13:00

REGISTRATIONTEA /COFFEE

08:30
09:00

Reworking the Principles for
Digital-Transformation-forDevelopment (DX4D) Research

Conference Chair Reports | Conference Co-Chair: Prof. Irwin Brown
Keynote address | Marlon Parker (Director and Founder of RLabs, Cape Town)
TEA /COFFEE

10:30
11:00

PANEL DISCUSSION C | Auditorium

Digital Rights and Social Justice in Africa and beyond
Tanja Bosch, Tony Roberts, Anand Sheombar, George Karekwaivanane

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 4A Auditorium

Track: ICT in Displacement
and Conflict Zones
Session Chair: Devinder Thapa
12:00

ClimateChange andDisplacement:
Emerging ICT
Innovations
from the World’s
Largest RefugeeCamp (48)

F. Hussain
Arizona State
University, USA
S. Brown
SUNY Korea,
South Korea

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 4B Venue 4 - Floor 1

Track: Smart Collaborations& Crowdsourcing
Session Chair: Bill Tucker
Facilitating
Gig Work
Opportunities
for Youth inDeveloping
Countries: A
Systematic
Literature
Review (33)

K. Molema, M.
TurpinUniversity of
Pretoria
Jean-Paul Van
Belle
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

PANEL DISCUSSION D | Faculty Room - B Block

Ethical Dilemmas in Digital Governance: Balancing Accountability, Environmental Impact, Health Equity,
and Digital Divide in Navigating Social Justice Through Digital Technologies
Daniel Acheampong, Peter Meso, Johane Dikgang, Joshua Olowoyo

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 4C Venue 5 - Floor 1

SESSION 4D

SESSION 4E

Session Chair: Ayanda Pekane

Track 14: Digital Platforms in
the Global South- MHealth

Track: ICT Curriculum and
Education

Track: Adoption of
IS/IT Systems
Utilisation of
Digital Farm
Technologies
towards
Enhancing
Agriculture
Productivity
in low-income
countries: A
case of National
Agriculture
Management
Information
System in
Malawi. (84)

EddonsMunthali
Lilongwe
University ofAgriculture
and Natural
Resources
ChomoraMikekaUniversity of
Malawi

Faculty Room - B Block

Session Chair: M. Zimba
Involvingheterogeneoususer groups
in developing
innovations on
digital platforms
in healthcare(40)

M. Mahundi,
H. Kimaro
University of
Dar es Salaam
Petter Nielsen
University ofOslo, Norway

Executive Room - B Block

Session Chair: Maureen Tanner

Factors
Influencing
Learning
Management
Systems
Use among
Lecturers in
Ghanaian
Higher
Education
Institutions (5)Adolph Sedem
Yaw AduHo Technical
University, Ho,
Ghana
Judy Van Biljon
University ofSouth Africa,
South Africa

18th Conference of the International Federation for Information Processing 2024
20 -22 MAY Cape Town, South Africa

12:30

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Topic

Presenters

Connectivity
Amidst Chaos:
ICT Strategies
for Displaced
Populations inConflict Zones(31)

J. Bhanye
University of
the Free State,
South Africa
R. Shayamunda
University ofZimbabwe,
Zimbabwe

An
Understandingof How Learning
Takes PlaceAmongst
Crowdworkers
Based in Nigeria
Tech Hubs (67)

M. Adetu
University of
Sheffield, United
Kingdom

Overcoming
Marginalization:
Mobile Payment
Domestication
by Underserved
South African
Microentrepreneurs(45)

P. Mavela,
P. Tsibolane
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Complexity
and Distressin OpenSource Health
Information
System
Implementations inCountries with
Developing
Economies –The Case of
Lesotho (99)

K. Moeketsi,
I. Brown
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

DigitalTechnology
enabledEducation for
Sustainable
Development
in South Africa:
a case study ofa University ofTechnology (38)Margaretha
Mhlabathi,
MourineAchieng
University ofSouth Africa,
South Africa

LUNCH

13:00

SESSION 5A Auditorium

Track: ICT in Displacement
and Conflict Zones

Session Chairs: F. Hussain, S. Brown

SESSION 5B Venue 4 - Floor 1
Track: General Track

Session Chairs: J. Renken, R. Gómez

SESSION 5C Venue 5 - Floor 1

SESSION 5D

SESSION 5E

Session Chair: Sarah Mulaji

Track: Digital Platforms in
the Global South - MHealth

Track: ICT Curriculum
and Education

Track: Adoption of
IS/IT systems

Faculty Room - B Block

Session Chair: S. Pather

Executive Room - B Block

Session Chair: Gwamaka Mwalemba

14:00

The
Interoperability
Governance
Challenge for
HumanitarianCash Transfer
Programmes:
Learning fromthe IFRC (46)

S. MadonLondon Schoolof Economics,
United Kingdom
E. Schoemaker
Switzerland

Exploringthe Digital
Readiness ofUnderprivileged
Secondary
Schools inSouth Africa(94)

B. Flowers,
M. Tanner
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

Postcolonial 4IR
Environmental
Scanning for IS
Education: A
Transformative
Mixed-Methods
Approach forDecolonization
and Inclusivity(55)

Rennie Naidoo
University of the
Witwatersrand,South Africa

Digital health,development
and social
exclusion:
DHIS2 and HIV
prevention
among
AdolescentGirls, Young
Women and Key
Populations in
Zimbabwe (86)

R. Matavire
HISP/Itinordic
AS
J. Braa
University ofOslo, Norway

Integration of
Mathematical
Internet Memesa Multimedia
Resource
into Kenya
Secondary
Mathematics
Education (39)

Dominic Mutua,
Waweru Mwangi
Jomo Kenyatta
University ofAgriculture andTechnology

14:30

The UnequalWorld ofMigrant
Domestic
Workers in the
Middle East:
The ParadoxicalRole ofTechnology (73)

A. Idowu
University of
Sussex, United
KingdomThe
perspectivesof marginalized
South African
youth on a
pre-university
outreachprogram: aphotovoice
study (7)

M. Jordaan,
N. Mennega
University of
Pretoria, South
AfricaRationalising
Effectsof Mobile
Applications:
A Systematic
Review of
Literature (58)

M. Chemisto
Islamic
University in
UgandaG Amoako,
N Tunzine,
J. Azaki
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

A Socialized
affordance
perspectiveof a mobile
application
for patients’assessment
and referrals at
the community
level in Malawi(61)

F. Matewere,
J. Kaasbøll
University of
Oslo
C. Kanjo
University of
MalawiPartners
in Design:
Insights froman Innovative
Education for
Sustainable
Development
Module Design
Process (54)

Timothy Savage
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland
P. J. Wall
Technological
University
Dublin, Ireland
Deepak Saxena
Indian Instituteof Technology
Jodhpur,Rajasthan, India

15:00

Digitalizing
monitoringof National
Development
Plans: A casestudy from
Uganda (70)

E. Munyambabazi, A Socio-Cultural
Perspective on
A. Gizaw,
Technology for
P. Nielsen,
Environmental
J. SæbøSustainability:
University of
The Case ofOslo, Norway
Filtering Water
Pots (G-filters)in Rajasthan,India (77)

P. J. Wall
Technological
University
DublinR. Satankar
Poornima
College ofEngineering
A. Plappally,
D. Saxena
Indian Instituteof Technology
T. Savage
Trinity College
DublinPerceptions on
the Adoptionof Blockchain
for FinTech
Applicationsin the Banking
Industry in
Developing
Countries (12)N. Oates,S. Roodt,
S. Mulaji
University ofCape Town,
South Africa

The role ofsource systems
strengthening
in the effective
interoperabilityof digital healthsystems (80)

L. P. Binamungu
University of
Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania

Understanding
the role ofstudent libraryanxiety andattitude as
determinants of
the intention to
use the digital
library system(42)

Niki Kunjuzwa,
Liezel Cilliers,
WillieChinyamirindi
University ofFort Hare

15:30

TEA /COFFEE
Topic

Presenters

SESSION 6A Auditorium

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 6B Venue 4 - Floor 1

Track: Digital Inclusion

Track: Diverse and Inclusive
Digital Transformation

Session Chair: Ranjan Vaidya

Topic

Presenters

SESSION 6C Venue 5 - Floor 1
Track: General Track

Session Chair: Hossanna Twinomurinzi

Session Chair: Petter Nielsen

S. Qureshi
UNO
B. Oladokun,
K. Tekale,
K. Nadendla
University of Nebraska
Omaha

16:00

A framework for promoting
digital transformation andthe adoption of enterprisearchitecture in South
Africa’s public sector (23)Gugu Tshuma,
Elmarie Kritzinger,
Shawren Singh
University of South Africa,
South Africa

Experiences of Visually
Impaired South African
Government Employeeswith E-Government Services(47)

J.Ramadimetja,
S. Kabanda,
M. Agangiba
University of Cape Town,
South Africa

Digital Inclusion and
Human Development: Is
Digital Inclusion a Social
Determinant of Health that
Matters? (83)

16:30

“A bunch of sheep runningtowards somewhere” Implications of digitaltransformation on theworkforce (35)Catherine Seletedi,
Gwamaka Mwalemba
University of Cape Town,
South Africa
Kenneth Mashingaidze
University of Witwatersrand,South Africa

Fostering Diversity andInclusion within Women
Entrepreneurs: Strategies
for Equitable Digital
Transformation (28)

N. Sarah J.,
O. Okolo
American University of
Nigeria, Nigeria

Community and large-scale Hugo Lotriet
University of South Africa,
digital transformation forSouth Africa
poverty eradication andeconomic growth in Africa:
A rapid review of existing
research for the period 20132023 (79)

17:00

IFIP WG 9.4 BUSINESS MEETING - All are invited. Only members can vote
Dr Silvia Masiero

18:00

Close

Contents
Using AI to Support Home Language Education in Conflict Zones: Lessons Learned
Laurie Butgereit (Nelson Mandela University, South Africa)
According to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, nearly one quarter of the world’s population is living in a
conflict zone. That equates to nearly two billion people. According to Save the Children, nearly five hundred million
children are living in a conflict zone. This paper presents lessons learned in deploying artificially intelligent tutoring
artifacts in conflict areas to assist students in continuing their education during these difficult periods. This is not totrivialize the horrors of war. Rather it is to show that in less turbulent conflicts, education can continue despite thehardships.

Factors Influencing Learning Management Systems Use among Lecturers in Ghanaian Higher
Education Institutions
Adolph Sedem Yaw Adu (Ho Technical University, Ho, Ghana)
Judy Van Biljon (University of South Africa, South Africa)
The Covid-19 destruction cannot be undone but the pandemic also created novel opportunities. Digitization ofteaching and learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) through the introduction of digital platforms like
Learning Management Systems (LMS) received unprecedented attention and funding. However, the developmental
gains depend on the LMS's continued use by both lecturers and students. The utilization of LMSs for teaching andlearning by lecturers in Ghanaian HEIs is low and related research is limited. Therefore, this paper reports on an
investigation into the factors influencing the usage of LMSs by lecturers in Ghana using a qualitative interpretive
approach to improve LMS adoption. Data was collected through focus group discussions with lecturers across four
HEIs and analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. When compared with LMS adoption factors from literature the findings
revealed previously unidentified contextual factors affecting the use of LMSs among lecturers. This study contributes
to addressing the gap in LMS studies on Ghana and makes a novel contribution by highlighting the influence ofenvironmental and financial factors on LMS usage and the implications of students’ financial status, physical location,
classroom infrastructure, and accommodating diversity in religious traditions as factors influencing LMS use. Thesefindings highlight digital technology’s potential to distribute access more equitably but also to increase inequality.
Therefore, an understanding of contextual factors and policy implications’ impact on the inclusiveness of digitaltransformation in the Global South is critical. Attention to these factors could improve the use of LMSs towards
harnessing the developmental benefits as intended.
The perspectives of marginalized South African youth on a pre-university outreach program: aphotovoice study
Martina Jordaan and Nita Mennega (University of Pretoria, South Africa)
As part of its mission to reach out to and support students from disadvantaged backgrounds, the University of Pretoria
established a programme called the Pre-University Academy (PUA) on its Mamelodi Campus. The PUA hosts courses
to complement learners' school-based learning and further develop their skills so that they can prepare effectively for
their tertiary studies. This paper describes how the learners of the PUA utilised the photovoice process, which involves
photography, writing and group discussions, to identify the value the programme holds for them. The research usedphotovoice as a visual data collection method and analysed the qualitative data using reflective thematic analysis. Thisapproach aims to identify patterns of meaning in a dataset and address questions related to peoples' experiences,
views and perceptions. The learners articulated that the PUA held great value for them, both in the present and fortheir future prospects. They recognised the importance of being part of an academic environment, as the community
college setting grants them benefits in terms of both academic and social development.

Perceptions on the Adoption of Blockchain for FinTech Applications in the Banking Industry in
Developing Countries
Natasha Oates, Sumarie Roodt and Sarah Mulaji (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
This study explores the adoption of blockchain for Fintech applications in the banking industry in developing countries
to understand the perceptions and identify use cases and factors affecting the adoption. Thematic analysis was
performed on data collected through semi-structured interviews across four banking-related firms. Results suggest alack of understanding and Fintech perceptions negatively associated with Bitcoin. It is proposed that through further
education and implementation of working production-grade use cases, the perception will improve. Several use cases
were identified, with Real-Time Gross Settlement as the most prevalent. Based on the Technology-OrganisationEnvironment (TOE) model particularised, 13 factors were found to affect the adoption positively or negatively.
Theoretical insights gained about TOE suggest the issue of similar factors designated using different terminologies
across different related studies.
Information Ethics in Knowledge Sharing, Transfer, and Translation
Manoj Thomas, Dirk Hovorka (University of Sydney), Vera Sistenich (St. George Hospital), Yan Li (Claremont

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20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

Graduate University)
Technology development practices in many low-income countries result in less-than-optimal outcomes for theirintended beneficiaries. Information and Communication Technologies for Development projects aim to mitigate such
inefficiencies and inequities. One means is through knowledge sharing, and its encompassing functions: knowledgetransfer and knowledge translation. The practices may have unintended detrimental consequences, which we
scrutinize through the lens of information ethics. We present examples from an Emergency Medicine project in the
Democratic Republic of Congo to explore the ethical imperatives associated with enabling access to information andthe need for knowledge translation. Findings from three focus group discussions are presented that draw attention tomoral obligations of agents engaging in knowledge sharing, and the importance of addressing information ethics inrelated initiatives.

ICT4D Research: The Lame Duck of the Brazilian Academy of Management
Luiz A.Joia (Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Recent surveys indicate that about 80% of the world population resides in developing economies. This number reveals
the huge importance of this region. However, nearly 50% of people in developing economies suffer from extreme
poverty, struggling with issues such as inadequate access to clean water, substandard housing, and a disappointing
education. Consequently, for some time now, a debate has emerged about the potential of Information andCommunication Technology (ICT) to improve socio-economic conditions prevailing in impoverished nations. This
discussion has given rise to a burgeoning field of research known as ICT for Development (ICT4D), which has attracted
increasing attention from both academics and policy makers. However, it is intriguing to note that a notable feature ofthis field is that most academics in the ICT4D arena do not come from developing economies, nor do they reside inthese regions, the main beneficiaries of ICT4D initiatives. This is the case of Brazil, a country characterized bysignificant socio-economic disparities, in which this field of study remains largely overlooked and under-researched.
As a result, most of the ICT4D knowledge base has been generated either by academics who are not originally fromdeveloping economies or by academics native to them who currently reside in developed economies. Consequently,
this article seeks to raise and discuss an important issue: Why don't Brazilian scholars prioritize research in the areaof ICT4D, thus preventing the generation of knowledge that could lead to improvements in Brazilian society?

Smart City for Civic Participation: A Conceptual Framework
Manuela Lorenzo and Luiz Antonio Joia (FGV EBAPE, Brazil)
The emergence of Information and Communication Technology has allowed the transformation of urban governanceinto smart governance, leading cities to fulfill their mission and develop their processes more efficiently andeffectively. In this context, civic participation has become fundamental to the success of smart city initiatives. In thisvein, this article aims to investigate how smart city initiatives promote civic participation through smart governance.
After a systematic review of the literature, the antecedents, moderators and mechanisms associated with thisrelationship were identified. The antecedents or structural factors are: technological, political & socio-economic andlocal government contexts. Furthermore, digital exclusion and citizens' educational background are proposed as
instrumental factors. This research concludes that to increase civic participation it is essential to address issues likethe digital divide and provide citizen education. Lastly, it is concluded that smart governance is a key mechanism
through which smart city initiatives can enable civic participation.

Organisational support for ICT4D practitioner performance: a new pathway for enhancing ICT4D
project outcomes.
Epiphania Kimaro, Jaco Renken, Natalie Cunningham and Richard Heeks (The University of Manchester, UK)
Organisational literature shows that outcomes such as project success are significantly influenced by howorganisational practices influence actions and behaviours of organisation actors, but the mechanisms through which
this happens in ICT4D are unknown. This article describes a two-phase research study involving multiple case studies
and action research, conducted with 33 ICT4D practitioners from five ICT4D implementing organisations in East
Africa. The concept of Organisational Support was used to understand how practices in these organisations influence
practitioner performance, revealing eight key mechanisms: (1) Reinforcing Mission-Congruence; (2) Skills
Hybridisation; (3) Supervisory Mentorship; (4) Socioemotional Support; (5) Support for Personal Aspirations; (6)Balancing Monetary with Non-monetary Rewards; (7) Involvement in Reward Decisions; and (8) Autonomy Support.
The mechanisms were developed iteratively, beginning with a largely inductive approach in Phase One, then validated
as part of the action research study in Phase Two. The findings provide a new and practical pathway for enhancing
ICT4D project outcomes and establishes a foundation for future ICT4D organisational studies.
A framework for promoting digital transformation and the adoption of enterprise architecture in
South Africa’s public sector.
Gugu Tshuma, Elmarie Kritzinger and Shawren Singh (University of South Africa, South Africa)
The digital transformation of the public sector, which has become a critical aspect of modern public administration,
involves using modern technologies, like cloud computing, data analytics, the internet of things (IoT), artificial
intelligence (AI) and social media platforms to improve governmental efficiency, transparency and effectiveness [1].
Enterprise architecture (EA), which has emerged as a valuable tool for planning and deploying DT complexities, iswidely used in the private sector, with its application in the public sector being, as yet, relatively limited [2-3]. The
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20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

current researchers performed a systematic literature review to identify barriers to EA implementation in the public
sector, and to suggest effective best practice frameworks that can promote its acceptance and accelerate digitalisation.
The barriers identified in this study include the lack of support from higher-level management, the limitedorganisational capacity, the insufficient shared understanding of EA and the required policies, and the lack of skills.
The present study presents a framework for overcoming such constraints and for accelerating both DT and EA
adoption within the public sector. The framework contains seven key elements: leadership and political commitment;
organisational capability; EA governance; a national digital coordination centre; regulation and policy; technical skills;
implementation guidelines; and maturity framework.

Schoolteacher demographic characteristics and the intention to promote cyber-safety awareness.
Kagisho Mabitle and Elmarie Kritzinger (University of South Africa, South Africa)
School learners have convenient access to the Internet through their handy mobile phones. Consequently, they arevulnerable to cyber-risks such as cyber-bullying and human trafficking. Therefore, school learners need to be madeaware of cyber-safety measures. This study examines 7 demographic characteristics (i.e. age, experience, gender, typeof school, location of school, school district, and highest qualification), and their role in predicting the schoolteachers’
intention of raising cyber-safety awareness at their schools in the next 12 months. This insight is particularly
important as it unveils the predictive power of the respective demographic variables, with regards to teachers’ cybersafety awareness intentions at schools. A survey of 109 schoolteachers across 18 schools in 2 districts was conducted.
Independent sample t-tests were used to analyse the differences between two groups of teachers in terms of age,teaching experience, gender, school type, school location, and school district. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse thedifferences in teachers’ highest qualifications. The study found that teachers from the Sedibeng East school district,and those in private schools, had higher intentions of raising cyber-safety awareness at their schools in the next 12months. Irrespective of their age, teaching experience, gender, school location, and highest qualification, the surveyedschoolteachers had similar intentions of raising or promoting cyber-safety awareness at their schools in the next 12months.

Fake News in Developing Countries: Drivers, Mechanisms and Consequences
Vincent Mwendwa Masavah and S. Marita Turpin (University of Pretoria)
Fake news has become a global problem. Drivers in the spread of fake news include the growth of the world wide web
and the growth in the use of smartphones and social media. In the field of ICT4D, access to mobile phones and theinternet has strongly been promoted in developing countries, for the sake of socio-economic development. Howeveralong with the availability and use of mobile technology, the Internet and social media in developing countries, theprevalence and risk of fake news have also increased. While many studies have been performed on fake news, most ofthese have been done in the Global North. This study attempts to address this gap by investigating the state ofknowledge of fake news in the Global South. A systematic literature review is performed that focuses on the spreading
and consequences of fake news in developing countries. A thematic analysis found that, like in the Global North, fakenews in the Global South is predominantly spread by means of social media. The consequences of the spreading of fakenews in developing countries include an increased mistrust in mainstream media, as well as a mistrust in various
vaccines which leads to a health risk. Further, fake news has been shown to contribute to violent unrest and to worsen
religious crises. Fake news poses the risk of undermining the benefits associated with increased connectivity indeveloping countries. This is a call for the ICT4D community to consider ways to address the risk of fake news.

Fostering Diversity and Inclusion within Women Entrepreneurs: Strategies for Equitable Digital
Transformation
Nankyer Joseph and Omachi Okolo (American University of Nigeria, Nigeria)
The digital transformation era presents both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurs. This
digital ecosystem is construed as a leveler for diversity and inclusion in entrepreneurship. This paper addresses thecritical intersection of gender diversity, entrepreneurship, and the digital landscape. The paper explores themultifaceted role of women entrepreneurs as catalysts for digital transformation and investigates the barriers andchallenges they encounter in this dynamic ecosystem. By drawing from relevant literature review, empirical research,and theories, it offers practical strategies and best practices to foster diversity and inclusion, empowering women
entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the digital business environment. The impacts and benefits ofpromoting diversity and inclusion within women-led digital businesses are rigorously examined, underscoring theadvantages that such a paradigm shift can bring to organizations and society as a whole. Furthermore, this paper
provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, business leaders, and women entrepreneurs themselves,paving the way for a more equitable and innovative digital future. This paper contributes to this vital discourse,
highlighting the transformative and mediating power of cyberfeminism to galvanize strategic steps and activism
required to create a digital ecosystem that drives diversity and inclusion for women entrepreneurship.

Digital Mental Health in Humanitarian Crisis in Bangladesh
Hasib Ahsan and Lars Rune Christensen (IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark)The mental health issues of refugees displaced by violence and affected by humanitarian crises are significant but may
be underestimated by healthcare providers. This paper reports on a five-month field trial of a digital screening tool in
the Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh. The screening tool is based on the WHO SRQ-20 standard with twenty
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questions to identify people showing symptoms of mental health issues. The paper demonstrates that not only candigital mental health interventions identify people with symptoms of mental health issues in a refugee camp, but theapproach can also identify predictors of mental health issues. First, findings show that of 1630 persons screened, 20.1
% exhibited indications of significant mental health issues. Second, a binary logistic regression analysis finds that threeof the questions or variables have high ‘odds ratios' and are, therefore, significant in their ability to predict mental
health issues. These predictors are substantiated through semi-structured interviews with the refugees that highlightparticular issues of concern.

Empowerment of health managers through digitalization in Bangladesh
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem and Jens Johan Kaasbøll (University of Oslo, Norway)
There is little empirical research on digitalization in health information systems and its impacts on health managers
using the concept of empowerment. In developing countries, health managers are often perceived as weak, leading toa need for more data utilization. In this qualitative study, empowerment was used as a concept from Alsop, an
opportunity to make choices, effectively use choices, and convert choices into desired actions. The concept was
operationalized through three thematic areas of the health manager’s role in decisions, analysis, and action in healthmanagement. An interpretative study was designed using qualitative methods, and thematic analysis of the interviews
revealed new subthemes to explain empowerment among health managers. The health managers significantly
improved their management capacity by accessing data efficiently, making competent decisions, performing better,and having the authority to act. The manager demonstrated a commendable ability to analyze data and was highly
motivated to take systematic action. This is in contrast to some studies that have shown a tendency towards
underutilization of data after digitalization. Digitalization encouraged managers to predict, take leading roles, andcompete to achieve set targets. They could also identify the challenges of digitalization and continue developing andimproving their performances. In conclusion, the study showed how the empowerment lens could be applied tomeasure a health manager’s capacity in decisions, analysis, and actions. The positive outcome of empowerment canbe attributed to the productive interaction between digitalization and health managers in a specific context.

Connectivity Amidst Chaos: ICT Strategies for Displaced Populations in Conflict Zones
Johannes Bhanye (University of the Free State, South Africa)
Ruvimbo Shayamunda (University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe).
Conflict-induced displacement poses a complex global challenge, disrupting the lives of millions and straining theprovision of essential services. Amidst this chaos, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have emerged
as critical tools to address the challenges faced by displaced populations. This paper explores the pivotal role of ICT inoffering solutions and fostering connectivity for individuals and communities affected by conflict-induced
displacement. The paper is based on a qualitative desktop review methodology encompassing an extensive literature
review, case studies, and an analysis of emerging technologies. The review examines seminal works on forced
migration, while case studies highlight successful ICT interventions, such as mobile connectivity initiatives and cashtransfer programs. Challenges, including digital divides, are critically examined, leading to actionable
recommendations for policymakers, humanitarian organisations, and technology developers. The paper concludes byenvisioning future directions and emphasising the transformative potential of Information and Communication
Technologies on the lives of those affected by conflict-induced displacement.

Facilitating Gig Work Opportunities for Youth in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature
Review
Kagiso Molema, Marita Turpin (University of Pretoria)
Jean-Paul Van Belle (University of Cape Town)
Gig work presents a promising prospect for youth in developing countries by offering a flexible and economically
viable alternative in the face of high unemployment rates. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) looks to uncoverpractical strategies and best practices to facilitate the creation of gig work opportunities for youth in developing
countries. It poses two research questions, namely: What gig work opportunities exist for youth in a developing
country context, and what practices and strategies facilitate the creation of these opportunities? The SLR identifies a
number of gig work jobs and groups them into five categories including online consulting, gig work, online microtasking, and social media content production. Eleven strategies and two practices for fostering the creation of gig work
opportunities in developing countries are identified from the 20 articles included in the study. The strategies range
from providing training, improving infrastructure, enacting legislation, raising awareness, to governments creating
gig work opportunities by putting tasks on these platforms or creating their own platforms. Consequently, the SLR
calls for future research to evaluate the outcomes of strategies and practices implemented to unlock gig work
opportunities for youth in developing countries. The SLR also suggests further research into better mapping the exact
type of skills necessary to take advantage of the promising gig work opportunities available.
Assessing Factors Affecting Doctors Access to Medical Knowledge at Point-of-care in the Context of
Evidence-based medicine
Edmond C. Kungwalo (University of Malawi),
Gregory Kunyenje (Catholic University, Chiladzuru, Malawi) andChipo Kanjo (University of Malawi)

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Studies show that despite the abundance of research to inform clinical practice, many patients do not receive Evidencebased healthcare, especially in Low-income countries. This study assessed factors that doctors consider importantwith respect to therapeutical information and medical knowledge when making decisions about patient treatment in
the context of Evidence-based medicine (EBM). EBM emphasizes the importance of integrating patients' values andcurrent research findings when formulating care strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce medical errors. Following
an interpretive paradigm through Information behavior lens, the study utilized interviews and examination of artifacts
to gather data from purposively selected participants at a tertiary public hospital in Malawi. Findings revealed
significant challenges, including; absence of Hospital-wide information systems, lack of time, high disease burden,
insufficient tools, and political factors. There are opportunities however, such as online medical libraries and state-ofthe-art medical schools that can contribute to the development and implementation of EBM.

"A bunch of sheep running towards somewhere" - Implications of digital transformation on theworkforce
Catherine Seletedi, Gwamaka Mwalemba (University of Cape Town)
Kenneth Mashingaidze (University of Witwatersrand)
Digital transformation affects workers as well as organisations. However, research regarding the impact of digitaltransformation on the workforce is limited. To address this gap, a case study was conducted on a telecommunications
firm that has embarked on a digital transformation journey. The aim is to explore the implications of digitaltransformation on the workforce. Data was collected through interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The
findings showed that the workforce experienced a lack of communication and clear leadership from management,changes to the organisational structure, and a lack of opportunities for training and development. One of the
respondents summarised the experience as “A bunch of sheep running towards somewhere “. Despite theseexperiences, the workforce demonstrated remarkable resilience in their approach to their work. The study contributes
to the growing body of knowledge on digital transformation, specifically on the consideration of the role of employees
when formulating digital transformation strategies.
Drawing a Map in the Sand: Locating an Ethics of Care in the ICT-Related Migration Practices ofOlder Volunteers in the US Southwest
Sara Vannini (University of Sheffield),
Ricardo Gomez (University of Washington),
Bryce Newell (University of Oregon)
Critical migration studies have highlighted the risks of using digital technologies in the space of migration, underlying
its implication for migrants’ privacy rights, government surveillance, and information capitalism. In U.S. Customs andBorder Protection’s Tucson sector, stretching across Arizona, one of the busiest and most dangerous borders in theUSA, volunteer organizations work to prevent the death of unauthorized migrants undertaking the journey throughthe Sonoran Desert. Volunteers, typically elderly, study and map migratory trails to provide water where it is likely to
be found by migrants. They employ a combination of paper-based and dated, yet sophisticated technologies forgathering essential data to support this potentially life-saving work. In this article, we discuss their information anddata practices, and we argue that their approach is an example of the application of an ethics of care to an informational
space. Based on interviews and participant observations, we suggest that volunteers’ general refusal to adopt more
efficient data practices indicate both a resistance to change from already ingrained practices, as well as an applicationof caring ethics within the field of migration and information for the pursuit of social justice.

A multi-method text analysis approach for studying ICT4D projects in developing countries: A caseof agricultural commissioning in India.
Ranjan Vaidya (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
The current farmer protests in India involve different power groups. Commission agents are essential stakeholder
groups in these protests. The critical research approach is suited to situations characterised by power differences. This
research studies the implementation of the Indian government's agricultural marketing information systems project.
It uses two methods to analyse the interview data. The interview data were collected from four stakeholder groups:
farmers, traders, government officers, and private vendors implementing the information systems project. First, I
analyse the data using thematic analysis, followed by an n-gram word cloud analysis. While the thematic analysis does
not identify commissioning as a core theme, the n-gram analysis identifies the commission agent as a dominant wordin the data corpus. The findings suggest that using two different text analytical methods on the same data corpus
enhances knowledge and reveals otherwise hidden aspects.

Digital Technology enabled Education for Sustainable Development in South Africa: a case study ofa University of Technology
Margaretha Mhlabathi and Mourine Achieng (University of South Africa, South Africa)
South Africa is confronted with various social development challenges, and the higher education sector is wellpositioned to address these challenges by developing and implementing appropriate solutions. Furthermore, as
technology becomes more prominent in the global development agenda, its adoption in higher education holds great
promise for advancing education by overcoming some traditional barriers and transforming pedagogical practices andlearning outcomes. This study seeks to understand how digital technologies can facilitate education for sustainable
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development (ESD) in the context of a university of technology to enhance students’ learning outcomes andcompetencies needed in today’s job market. The research design adopted a qualitative case study approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants at a university of technology. The data
analysis was guided by the Unified theory of acceptance and use technology (UTAUT) as a theoretical lens to identify
patterns and interpretations of digital technology enabled ESD. Data analysis suggests that facilitating conditions suchas educator training, adequate policies and strategies, and reliable digital infrastructure are important determinantsof the behavioral intentions to use digital technology to facilitate ESD. It is also determined that social factors such as
digital divide can impede the use of technology in ESD. The study contributes towards understanding factors thatenable effective integration of digital technologies to facilitate ESD in higher education.

Integration of Mathematical Internet Memes a Multimedia Resource into Kenya Secondary
Mathematics Education
Dominic Mutua and Waweru Mwangi (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology)
Mathematics education is compulsory in most secondary curriculums around the globe and is a critical discipline
among the STEM subjects. Therefore, as a subject that is highly practical in multiple fields and curriculum subjects,
developing mathematical instructional approaches that enhance mathematics education is necessary. This study
investigated the influence of mathematical internet memes in secondary mathematics education. The mixed method
research approach was applied, and data collection techniques used were observation, achievement tests,
questionnaires, and focus groups. The results revealed that integrating mathematical internet memes in mathematics
classrooms enhances students’ motivation and engagement. Moreover, the study revealed that mathematical internet
memes provide similar feedback as traditional formative assessment and, therefore, a viable alternative tool forformative assessment. The study further showed that integrating mathematical internet memes has no significant
impact on learners’ performance in mathematics. However, results from the focus group indicate that students believethat integrating mathematical internet memes in mathematics classrooms can potentially improve their performancein mathematics.

Involving heterogeneous user groups in developing innovations on digital platforms in healthcare
Masoud Mahundi, Honest Kimaro (University of Dar es Salaam)
Petter Nielsen (University of Oslo)
This study investigates how diverse users can be involved in developing innovations on existing digital platforms.
While user participation is emphasized in the design and development of digital platforms, little is known about how
heterogeneous user groups can be involved in the design and development of large-scale information systems. The
current knowledge base is confined to the context of small-scale information systems with homogenous groups ofusers. We conducted a qualitative case study where we studied the process of developing innovations on a healthdigital platform in Tanzania between 2017 and 2019. We investigated three innovations; the mobile application fordata management, a case-based TB and leprosy system, and the development of a scorecard system. We found thatheterogeneous user groups in digital platforms exist in a continuum of roles, including end-users, use mediators,
facilitators, technology mediators, and platform owners, without strict boundaries. Further, we identified threemethods of engaging users in these roles depending on the nature of the requirements: participation for policy-levelneeds, participation for organisational requirements, and participation for technical requirements. We recommendthat information systems development adopts this classification of users and their methods of participation from asearly as project conceptualisation.

Understanding the role of student library anxiety and attitude as determinants of the intention to
use the digital library system
Niki Kunjuzwa, Liezel Cilliers and Willie Chinyamurindi (University of Fort Hare, South Africa)
There are growing calls to understand the determinants that can enhance the use of digital library systems within
universities. Addressing factors related to library anxiety can potentially enhance the end-user experience of using
digital library systems. The study aimed to understand the role of library anxiety and attitudes as determinants of theintention to use a digital library system. A quantitative research approach using a survey method was used to collectdata from 316 students at a public university in South Africa. Inferential statistical analysis was used to test
associations between variables. The findings showed that impediments such as a) barriers with staff, b) affective
barriers, c) comfort library barriers, d) knowledge of the library, e) mechanical barriers, and f) resource barriers affectattitudes towards usage of digital library systems. Further, these identified impediments not only affected attitudes
but also intention to use digital library systems. Based on the findings, implications are made with suggestions on
enhancing end-user experiences towards digital library systems usage. A precursor to this, as shown by the study's
findings, is to address especially library anxiety barriers.

Making our digital world a better place: Spiritual Leadership and Digital Transformation
Adelaide Mphahlele, Hossana Twinomurinzi and Crystal Hoole (University of Johannesburg, South Africa)
In the dynamic and rapidly advancing digital era, leaders bear a crucial responsibility to steer our worlds to a better
place. Spiritual leadership (SL) is today gaining prominence as an alternative approach in an increasingly digital world,
particularly for its ability to align ethical values and human-centric principles with the technological and strategic
demands of digital transformation (DT) in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). In this study, we extend the6

IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

traditional focus of ICT4D from business, social and organisational models to include the role of leadership practices
to leverage digital technology. The study, therefore, performed a bibliometric scoping review on the confluence
between SL and DT. The key results from 188 publications reveal that DT is primarily studied through a technocentriclens and much less from the leadership view. The continents of Africa, North and South America have not engaged
much with SL/DT. There is limited collaboration between countries. DT necessitates reevaluating organisational
leadership, moving from classical models to approaches that emphasize human and ethical dimensions. This shiftaligns with a growing focus on SL and behavioural psychology in management. The pervasive impact of DT acrossvarious sectors underscores its role as a global trend, necessitating adaptive strategies across industries. The study
contributes to ICT for Development (ICT4D) and DT literature in charting an alternative approach to the role of digitaltechnology in human and social development. The study also makes recommendations for further research.

Overcoming Marginalization: Mobile Payment Domestication by Underserved South African
Microentrepreneurs
Phakamani Mavela and Pitso Tsibolane
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Mobile payment technology has become widespread among businesses globally, offering an alternative to traditional
payment systems. However, existing literature does not adequately explore the underlying factors influencing how
underserved microentrepreneurs appropriate, objectify and incorporate mobile payments into their businessprocesses and lives. This study, guided by Technology Domestication and Actor-Network Theory, qualitatively
examines the motivations, contextual factors, and design features that enable mobile payment domestication among
twenty (N=20) underserved South African microentrepreneurs. Thematic analysis of the in-depth interviews revealed
persisting financial exclusion, growth optimism, and risk reduction as primary motives for long-term mobile payment
use, while the spider network community practices, payment service provider and consumer culture dynamics,
infrastructural and regulatory landscape are influential contextual conditions. Inclusive and flexible design,affordability, and trust emerged as key mobile payment design considerations impacting overall mobile payment
domestication. Policymakers and payment platforms can contribute positively by participating directly in local
microenterprise-centered development initiatives. Further research is needed to explore the evolving needs andexpectations of microentrepreneurs and understand the developmental impacts of these technologies.
The Interoperability Governance Challenge for Humanitarian Cash Transfer Programmes:
Learning from the IFRC
Shirin Madon (LSE, United Kingdom)
Emrys Schoemaker (Switzerland)Interoperability is of increasing concern within the humanitarian sector as new actors, systems and technologies
combine to provide solutions to disaster victims while addressing the sector’s reform objectives in a joined-up way. A
significant area of innovation assumed to work towards achieving these two reform objectives is CVA (Cash & Voucher
Assistance) delivered through financial service providers. The digital technologies that enable CVA are widely
perceived to enable interoperability and advance these reform objectives. As CVA is rapidly becoming the preferred
modality of delivering humanitarian assistance, the sector is very much at the early stages of understanding anddeveloping an approach to interoperability. Drawing on information systems literature, we seek to advancetheoretical understanding of interoperability and its relation to the infrastructure discourse. Going beyond the current
policy narrative, we recognise that for different actors to interoperate to provide CVA to affected individuals requires
the development and sharing of an information infrastructure. We study how CVA interoperability is currently being
strategized and operationalised through a qualitative case study of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC). Our analysis provides a greater understanding of the key mechanisms for increasing
interoperability, contextual barriers for its achievement and the implications of the current focus on interoperability
for humanitarian governance.

Experiences of Visually Impaired South African Government Employees with E-Government
ServicesJuliet Ramadimetja, Salah Kabanda and Millicent Agangiba (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
Most governments have integrated digital technologies into all facets of their operations to improve internal
government operations and enhance effective and efficient service delivery to the citizenry. As a result, accessibilityof e-government services is important for all citizens, especially for persons with disabilities (PWDs). Government
plays a crucial role in addressing accessibility challenges internally before services can be cascaded to all citizens.
While several studies have evaluated the accessibility of e-government services to PWDs, these studies have notexplored the perspective of visually impaired government employees. With this gap in mind, the purpose of the study
is to explore the experiences of visually impaired government employees with e-government services. The study is
inductive and uses qualitative semi-structured interviews to collect data from ten visually impaired government
workers. The findings identified six themes that shape employees’ experiences with e-government services. The
findings contribute to the gap in literature on the accessibility of e-government services for PWDs employed in thegovernment sector. The study also underpins directions for management in government workplaces regarding the7

IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

needs of PWDs.

Climate Change and Displacement: Emerging ICT Innovations from the World's Largest Refugee
Camp
Faheem Hussain (Arizona State University, USA)
Suzana Brown (SUNY Korea, South Korea)
This paper investigates the potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in aiding Rohingya refugees
in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, affected by climate change-induced disasters. Focusing on creating tailored solutions, thestudy highlights challenges faced by refugees and the limited use of ICTs in providing effective support. Collaboratingwith Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) and their Voice of Palong (VoP) project, the research emphasizes the needfor localized early warning systems and communication strategies. VoP’s initiatives, including radio programs andaudio-visual content, empower refugees and host communities, enhancing resilience and cohesion. The review
examines the concept of climate refugees, ICT's role in resilience, and vulnerabilities of Rohingya refugees. It stresses
the importance of ICTs in monitoring climate change and underscores challenges faced by refugees in vulnerable areas.
Discussing emerging themes like communication challenges, mistrust due to misinformation, and ICTs for localized
content, the paper concludes by advocating collaborative efforts to utilize ICTs for climate change adaptation anddisaster risk reduction. It suggests scaling similar initiatives globally to revolutionize disaster response approaches invarious humanitarian settings.

Contextual usability of Fintech by African Caribbean Micro-Business Owners in the UK
Adebowale Owoseni, Caroline Khene, Adeola Adedigba and Moshood Adisa (De Montfort University, UK)
This research assessed in context, the usability of two widely used fintech platforms, with a focus on identifying gapsthat exclude African Caribbean micro-businesses in Leicester from maximizing the affordances of the platforms.
Drawing from an integrated perspective of Affordance and Activity Theories, the study involved collecting data from12 microbusiness entrepreneurs through semi-structured usability interviews, observations, and competitive
benchmarks. Data was analyzed using user journey maps, thematic analysis of observation notes, and transcribedinterviews. The analysis revealed significant contextual issues that the fintech platforms have failed to address, which
include community-driven needs and trust-related concerns with how data could be used for surveillance among
African-Caribbean community. Additionally, platform-specific challenges such as disparities in features across iOS andAndroid platforms, as well as web interfaces, posed challenges for a seamless user experience. The research also
pointed out the redundancy in requesting certain information that was not relevant to all business types, highlighting
the need for more tailored and context-sensitive platform designs. These findings have significant implications forinclusivity in fintech platform design and other digital platforms that could enhance inclusivity, development, andgrowth of minority businesses in the UK and the Global North by extension.

Understanding chilling effects in digital spaces– a study of Ugandan LGBT+ advocacy in the wake ofthe draconian 2023 Anti-homosexuality Act
Cecilia Strand (Uppsala university, Sweden)
Against the backdrop of the recently passed Ugandan Anti-homosexuality Act 2023 (AHA2023), which directly targets
LGBT+ activist and their rights advocacy, this paper seeks to explore if the AHA2023 had a chilling effect on Ugandan
LGBT+ activism in their key online social platform, Twitter. By comparing Twitter data sets from 2022 and 2023
quantitively and analyzing a post-AHA corpus comprising of 611 tweets qualitatively, the results indicate that AHA
2023 produced a chilling effect on the content level but not on the activity level. The AHA2023 did thus not silence
Ugandan LGBT+ activists' digital activism but appears to have impacted the content in some critical ways. Most
concerning, Ugandan LGBT+ activists’ explicit self-penned demands for equal human rights almost disappear. Rights
demands did not disappear from the Uganda LGBT+ Twittersphere but were primarily promoted and kept alive byinternational development, Western bilateral partners, and human rights allies. The long-term impact of the discursive
shift in Ugandan LGBT+ activism is still unfolding, and it is arguably too early to identify the impact of theaforementioned troublesome chilling effects on content. There is, however, a reason to suspect that the loss of
Ugandan voices will negatively impact efforts to challenge the post-colonial amnesia that sustains erroneous beliefs
around African sexuality as singularly heterosexual. This case study can serve as a critical case for understanding thechilling effects caused by heavy-handed legislation. The study also seeks to contribute methodologically by offering
insights into how chilling effects in digital spaces can be studied empirically.

Smart Cities for Whom? Exploring the Role of Gunshot Detection Systems in Marginalized
Communities
Severo Pastor, Grant Oosterwyk, Pitso Tsibolane and Irvin Kinnes (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
The growing concept of smart cities has led to the development of technology-based initiatives to enhance urban
safety. Among these, gunshot detection systems (GDS) have emerged as a potential tool for crime prevention. This
paper examines the implementation of a GDS in Cape Town, a city that simultaneously holds the title of a smart citywhile grappling with a persistent gun violence problem, particularly in marginalized communities. In particular, thestudy focuses on exploring the perceived effectiveness of GDS in reducing gun violence in Cape Town's marginalized
Cape Flats community. Using a qualitative, inductive approach, the research aimed to discover new insights andprovide residents with a platform to share their voices across three communities where the GDS and other smart crime
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IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

prevention technologies have been deployed. The findings highlight a complex interplay of social (drug trafficking andgangsterism), economic (poverty), and technical factors (unreliable supply of electricity) that negatively influence theperception and implementation of gunshot detection systems in marginalized communities. Addressing these issues
requires a holistic approach that considers community engagement, poverty alleviation, communication strategies,
and considerations for the ethical implications of surveillance technology. This research holds valuable insights fordeveloping inclusive urban safety strategies.

Partners in Design: Insights from an Innovative Education for Sustainable Development Module
Design Process
Timothy Savage (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland),P. J. Wall (Technological University Dublin, Ireland),Deepak Saxena (Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India)
This paper presents a case study of an innovative module design process for education for sustainable development
in higher education, specifically in digital innovation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals that the authors
were charged to create. An analysis of the goals of education for sustainable development led the authors to identify
intercultural learning groups and authentic situated case studies as key components of an effective module design.
This presented the research problem of how to identify both situated, innovative and socio-culturally appropriate
development case studies, and groups of learners from culturally diverse locations with whom to partner for thecreation of intercultural learning groups. This qualitative reflective case study presents the approach undertaken
whereby the authors engaged with higher educational institutions engaged on the ground with sustainability
initiatives in key countries (India, Uganda, and Ethiopia) to both identify appropriate case studies for collection andpotential student group partners for the proposed roll out of the finished module. The experience is described andchallenges and opportunities to this approach presented and discussed.

Postcolonial 4IR Environmental Scanning for IS Education: A Transformative Mixed-Methods
Approach for Decolonization and Inclusivity
Rennie Naidoo (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa)
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) heralds a significant turning point for Information Systems (IS) education in
the global South, particularly in postcolonial nations such as South Africa. This study aims to introduce a preliminarytransformative mixed-methods approach to environmental scanning for assessing and responding to the rapidly
evolving postcolonial IS educational landscape in the 4IR era. Drawing from recent theoretical and methodologicaladvances in IS and postcolonial research, this approach uniquely combines quantitative data analysis for broader
trend identification with qualitative inquiries to capture in-depth perspectives from diverse educational stakeholders
in postcolonial contexts. This transformative sociotechnical tool can better align IS curricula with rapid technologicaladvancements and varied industry needs while critically addressing the social, political, cultural, ethnic, and economic
development complexities inherent in postcolonial contexts. The paper proposes a complementary approach for
employing an adapted environmental scanning approach that extends upon conventional mixed-methods approaches
by explicitly addressing social injustice, inequality, and power issues in postcolonial regions. The paper also discusses
the sociotechnical challenges of implementing this approach in diverse and resource-constrained educational
environments, such as limited funding, access to technology, and a deficit of postcolonially-sensitive educators. This
paper aims to contribute to advancing IS education and guiding administrators, educators, and policymakers indeveloping technologically current and socially inclusive curricula. This paper lays the groundwork for futureempirical research and transformative IS education discourse and actions for postcolonial regions in the 4IR era.
Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Twitter (x): A case of #VaccineRollOutSA
Sivile Manene and Liezel Cilliers (University of Fort Hare, South Africa)
Social media has become part of the risk communication strategy of governments all over the world. However, theinformation posted on social media is not validated and may contribute to the problem of misinformation. In South
Africa, one of the causes of vaccine hesitancy during the Covid-19 pandemic was attributed to misinformation on social
media. The aim of this study is to investigate what type of information was posted using the #VaccineRolloutSA on
Twitter that may influence vaccine hesitancy. A total of one hundred tweets with the hashtag #VaccineRollOutSA were
harvested from Twitter (X) and thematically analysed. Using the Motivational Theory of Role Modelling and HealthBelief models, the tweets were categorised according to the Twitter users' opinions regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.
The categories identified included Inspirational, Misinformation, Informative, Political, and Poll. Eighteen percent of
the tweets were found to be misinformation. The recommendation of the study is that governments must be aware of
misinformation on social media and incorporate strategies to mitigate this risk in the risk communication plan.

Rationalizing Effects of Mobile Applications: A Systematic Review of Literature
Musa Chemisto (Islamic University in Uganda),
Gordon Amoako, Neidy Tunzine and Joshua. Azaki (University of Cape Town, South Africa
This paper adapts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process to investigate the influence of selected mobile
applications on service delivery improvement and then categorizes their developmental contributions. Using
conceptual categories from a framework for ICT-based development initiatives, we categorize descriptive perceptions
for consequences of app implementations from literature. The two categories adopted are improved government
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IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

services and enhanced internal economic activity; used in providing denoted contextual literature that relates selected
apps to developmental contributions. Our literature findings provide an interpretive understanding of the significanceof apps chosen towards service delivery and growth in particular sectors. The success of some apps manifested indevelopment of new apps such as MomConnect, Mose and NurseConnect in South Africa. From the literature, we
generated and tabulated themes or concepts related to the developmental contributions of the apps. However, thestudy was limited by inadequate theoretical literature associated with the service delivery influence of mobile apps
on development - Mobile for Development (M4D). Future studies aim to develop an M4D framework for the analysis
of mobile app developmental contributions.
A Socialized affordance perspective of a mobile application for patients’ assessment and referrals
at the community level in Malawi
Florence. Matewere, Jens Kaasbøll (University of Oslo)
Chipo Kanjo (University of Malawi)
The implementation of mobile health applications plays a crucial role in enhancing healthcare delivery in developing
countries, leading to both anticipated and unforeseen consequences. This study investigates the social practices
involved in deploying a mobile application designed to aid Community Health Workers (CHWs) in patient assessment
and referral processes, facilitating their connection to higher-level healthcare facilities. Utilizing the concept ofsocialized affordance, we examine how social structures influence the interactions between human actors andtechnology. We identified four key socialised affordances: streamlining CHWs’ work processes in village clinics,
improving communication between CHWs and health facilities, strengthening monitoring and accountability, andenhancing CHWs’ digital knowledge and skills development. These affordances led to several intended outcomes,
including improved CHWs adherence to protocol, improved patient referrals, enhanced time management, improved
CHWs performance, and improved digital capacity building. However, unintended outcomes also emerged, such as the
exclusion of volunteers, heightened respect from community members, increased workload for CHWs, stretchedbudgets, and heightened anxiety among CHWs. Consequently, this study contributes to the understanding of socialized
affordance by illustrating how the interplay between human actors and technology is shaped by the institutional,
cultural, and social dimensions of the environment where the affordances are perceived and actualized.

Designing a health assessment system for the quality of Napier leaves for animal feeding in
RwandaRamadhan Omar, James Rigwema, Richard Musabe and Marvin Ogore.(Rwanda University)
The lack of real-time equipment to monitor the quality of the environment for animals creates a challenge in livestockkeeping activities. These local methods lead to an increase in outbreaks of diseases in animals, while the quality of the
product also decreases. With the current improvement in the development of the Internet of Things in the agricultural
sector, the Internet of Things Animal Healthcare (IoTAH) using the spread of computing is considered a fundamental
approach through sensing and actuating technologies in assessing animal health. IoT devices in different forms suchas wearable devices, sensors deployed units, and Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) moving devices have been used to
track the stimuli of husbandry activities. In this research work, we introduce a Quality-Leaf-IoT Assessment System(QLIAS) for examining the quality of leaves for the best animal feed based on the basic color of Red, Green, and Blue
(RGB) appearance using a color sensor to assess the solid color of the leaf. Secondly, will track the humidity andtemperature of the corresponding areas. Animal caregivers, pastoralists, breeders, researchers, and agriculturalexperts can receive reports of the abnormal situations facing leaves such as weeds, lack of water, bad weather, and soforth. In addition, we will develop a Leaf-Pack Quality Accessing Kit (LPQAK) a portable kit mounted with sensors.
Short-range cellular technology will be a communication means applied in this project for collecting data, analyzing
them, and producing the result using a machine learning (ML) model.

An Understanding of How Learning Takes Place Amongst Crowdworkers Based in Nigeria Tech
Hubs
Michael Adetu (University of Sheffield, United Kingdom)This research investigates the dynamics of learning among crowdworkers based in tech hubs in Nigeria, examining
how they navigate challenges and opportunities for upskilling. The study delves into Nigeria’s unique cultural context
and the pivotal role of tech hubs in enabling knowledge exchange. The theoretical framework draws from thephilosophy of Ubuntu, which emphasises communal learning and support within the tech hub environment. This paper
aims to unravel the motivations behind crowdworkers’ learning, the various forms that learning takes, and the specificinfluence of Nigerian culture and tech hubs in this learning process. Using a qualitative approach, the investigation
centres on three tech hubs in Lagos, Nigeria. Semistructured interviews and observations are used to capture theintricacies of crowdworker experiences. The conceptual framework suggests that cultural factors, notably the Ubuntu
philosophy, play a significant role in shaping knowledge exchange practices and the subsequent upskilling of
crowdworkers. The proposed contributions of the research include implications and recommendations for enhancing
learning support mechanisms within tech hubs, thereby enriching the broader discourse on global crowdworking andskill development.
Bridging the Digital Divide: Securing Information and Computer Systems in an Unequal WorldPeter Meso, Daniel Acheampong, Johana Brito-Mieses and Isaac O. Agyemang (Florida Gulf Coast University;

10

IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)
This study examines security challenges in an unequal world, primarily focusing on marginalized populations,particularly in the Global South. Utilizing the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) Score as a robust metric, the study
examined the sophisticated relationships between various factors and information and computer security. Notably,
the study reveals the crucial role of cutting-edge technologies, exemplified by the positive correlation between
advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the GCI Index Score.
One significant aspect that our study addresses is the complex relationship between income inequality and security
measures. We have established a noteworthy negative association between the Gini Index and the GCI Index Score
through the World Economy model. This finding highlights that reducing income inequality is closely linked toincreased information and computer security. Furthermore, our study underscores the global nature of cybersecurity
challenges by elucidating positive associations between ICT services imports and exports, fixed broadband
subscriptions, and active mobile broadband subscriptions with the GCI Index Score.
AI Advancement is statistically significant, positively impacting both the World Economy and the Global South,
underscoring the universal benefit of technological progress in bolstering cybersecurity across diverse economic
landscapes. Income Inequality (Gini Index) negatively impacted the World Economy, signifying that efforts to reduceincome disparity are crucial for enhancing cybersecurity readiness. ICT Services Trade and Fixed broadband
subscriptions per 100 people (Digital Infrastructure) exhibit a positive correlation with the GCI Index Score in theWorld Economy, highlighting the significance of digital infrastructure in securing information and computer systems.
Conversely, the relationship in the Global South is non-significant, pointing to infrastructure and access challenges
that may impede cybersecurity enhancements in these regions. Mobile Broadband Access has a statistically significant
positive relationship with the GCI Index Score across both the World Economy and the Global South. This indicates thegrowing importance of mobile access in contributing to cybersecurity readiness globally. These variables collectively
paint a complex picture of the cybersecurity landscape, marked by significant disparities between developed anddeveloping nations. This study provides practical guidance and concrete structures for cross-sector collaboration,
advocating for adaptive, context-specific solutions. Acknowledging its limitations, the study contributes to academic
discourse by stimulating future investigations into additional metrics for a more complex understanding of security
challenges and exploring regional difficulties within the Global South. This study significantly contributes to theevolving digital security landscape and socioeconomic disparities.

Digitalizing monitoring of National Development Plans: A case study from Uganda
Eric Munyambabazi, Abyot Gizaw, Petter Nielsen and Johan Sæbø (University of Oslo, Norway)
Development planning is key to the attainment of global and national goals, especially in low- and middle-income
countries where diverse sectors leverage each other’s capacities to maximize limited resources. In this paper, we
discuss approaches to digitalizing monitoring of national development plans in Uganda along a two-phase timeline
where the first attempt to build a system failed while the second achieved relative success. The cross-sectoral
dimension in our case adds to an already challenging situation where monitoring is challenged by duplicated datacollection, poor data quality, inadequate technological infrastructures, and limited skills in most of the sectors. The
empirical material is obtained from our work with a public organization in Uganda following the building andimplementation of a monitoring system for national development plans and related challenges in its digitalization
process. Our findings highlight variations in implementation approaches based on how user needs are coordinatedand the installed base is cultivated. We posit that achieving national information infrastructures for cross-sector
planning not only requires cultivation of the installed base to address emerging user needs but also effectively
addresses challenges related to adaptability in a cross-sector setting. The study contributes by providing evidence of
information infrastructures constructs especially from low-resource setting countries and the context of truly
heterogeneous sectors.

A Pilot Mobile App to Collect South African Child Language Data
Tessa Malan, William Tucker (Stellenbosch University)
Sefela Yalala (Northwestern University)
To create effective early childhood development resources and language development intervention programs, wemust be informed of linguistic developmental benchmarks. To be informed, we need data - in quality and quantity. In
South Africa, there is a project undergoing language data collection in 10 of our 12 official languages, in the form ofstandardised questionnaires answered by caregivers.
For the final phase of data collection, approximately 20000 questionnaire responses are required. To do so, we present
the pilot version of a multi-modal mobile app. This app is the product of an extensive user-centered co-design processwith stakeholders ranging from lead researchers to young mothers, where their feedback has been the main design
influence. It has supplementary audio support, as a mode of presenting the questionnaire and data collection. The
pilot app contains a subset of the questionnaire in three languages - South African English, isiXhosa and Afrikaans.

Social Inclusion and public participation in the Digital Era: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the2016 World Bank Report
Calisto Kondowe (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
Recent studies have discussed the remarkable contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) inpromoting public participation and social inclusion of the poor in developing countries. They portray ICTs as central
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IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

in shaping and enhancing public participation in various discourses. The integration of ICTs in public participation
processes is argued as having the potential to democratise access to information, facilitate communication, andempower citizens to engage in meaningful discussions. It follows that ICTs can make the world more inclusive andcreate opportunities for the poor and the previously marginalised. However, in some contexts where ICTs have been
deployed, public participation has remained a myth, as new forms of inequity, social exclusion and marginalisation
were accelerated. It is clear that ICTs offer the much-needed force to forge social justice and inclusion of themarginalised populace, hence, it is important to unveil how ICTs may be implicated in forces that reinforce social
exclusion. This study is part of the broader study of a critical discourse analysis of World Bank Report 2016, Digital
Dividends (WDR16), which aims to illustrate the embedded narrow view of relating to ICTs’ contribution to social
inclusion and public participation in a developing country context. Although the report can be applauded foruncovering the ways in which ICTs enhance inclusion, it is argued that the WDR16 view of social inclusion and public
participation is limited and flawed, as it does not take into account the new forms of marginalisation and social
exclusion of the poor, which require attention if social justice and development are to be achieved through ICTs.

The Unequal World of Migrant Domestic Workers in the Middle East: The Paradoxical Role ofTechnology
Ayomikun Idowu (University of Sussex, UK)
This qualitative study examines the experiences of African domestic workers in the Middle East, with a focus onunderstanding the role of technology in shaping their experiences of social exclusion and invisibility. Utilising in-depth
interviews with 21 returnee African domestic workers in Nigeria and Ghana, the study explores the multifaceted
impact of technology on their lives in a foreign work environment. The research reveals that ICTs play a paradoxicalrole in the lives of these workers. On one hand, technology facilitates the global reach of traffickers, providing digitalplatforms for the commodification of human lives, on the other hand, technology emerges as a beacon of hope, offeringmeans for these workers to maintain their identity and seek external assistance.
A key finding is the varying levels of access to technology among the workers, which significantly influences theirexperiences of surveillance, control, and isolation. The study uncovers the intricate interplay of technology in both
exacerbating and alleviating their marginalisation. The deprivation of technological access is revealed as both an
economic issue and a form of social alienation.
This study contributes to the understanding of the complex dynamics of social exclusion and the role of technology inthe context of domestic work in the Middle East. It underscores the need for nuanced approaches in addressing thechallenges faced by migrant domestic workers, highlighting the imperative for interventions that ensure equitable
access to technology and enhance their social and legal agency. The findings of this study have significant implications
for policy and practice, calling for a re-evaluation of the ethical and societal obligations towards migrant domestic
workers.
Challenges of ICT4D solutions in Somalia: A Case study of Land Management
Mohame Nuh, Mikko Ruohonen (Tampere University)
Samuli Pekkola (Jyväskylä University
This paper investigates the challenges in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D)
initiatives, wherein they face difficulties when advancing beyond their initial phases, particularly when being deployed
across diverse geographical regions. The paper focuses on the interplay among technological integration, local
contextual nuances, community engagement, and governmental regulatory frameworks, identifying these as pivotal
determinants for ICT4D endeavors. This notion offers value for both scholars and practitioners seeking to enhance theeffectiveness of these projects and drive socio-economic advancements within marginalized communities.

The contributions of business intelligence and big data to public healthcare in South Africa
Ntombi Makhaye and Samwel Mwapwele (University of the Witwatersrand)
The public healthcare sector in South Africa generates massive data and it caters to about 71% of the population. The
introduction of electronic medical records has made this data difficult to process. The adoption of business intelligenceand big data became a solution for processing and analysing this increased data. The research aimed to provide anunderstanding of the existing contributions of business intelligence and big data in public healthcare in South Africa.
Our research question is what are the benefits and challenges of adopting the use of business intelligence and big datain healthcare in South Africa? A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases (EbscoHost, Science
Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, Sabinet, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). The inclusion criteria were journal papers,
books, book chapters, reviews, and conference proceedings reporting on big data, big data analytics, and businessintelligence in South African healthcare. 22 articles were analysed for the study. The findings revealed that businessintelligence and big data help by shortening diagnostic tests (through early diagnosis), reducing risks in healthcare
services, reducing hospital costs, and improving patients’ health. However, there are issues like privacy, security, andpoor data quality that need attention. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on healthcare informatics. Our
study provides evidence for practitioners, policymakers, scholars, and technology advocates to advance the adoption
and use of big data and business intelligence in the public healthcare system in developing countries. Our researchcontributes to sustainable development goal 3 (target 3.d).
A Socio-Cultural Perspective on Technology for Environmental Sustainability: The Case of Filtering

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IFIP 2024

20 – 22 May 2024, Cape Town, South Africa

Water Pots (G-filters) in Rajasthan, India
P. J. Wall (Technological University Dublin),
Rajkumar. Satankar (Poornima College of Engineering),
Anand K. Plappally, Deepak Saxena (Indian Institute of Technology)
Timothy Savage (Trinity College Dublin).
In addressing the ongoing environmental sustainability crisis in the Global South, the design and adoption of socioculturally appropriate technologies emerge as pivotal. Yet, implementing technology-driven sustainability initiatives
has often been highly problematic, with many failing to achieve their intended objectives or generate significant impact
at scale. This is because such endeavours are complex, multifaceted, and interdisciplinary and require acomprehensive understanding of the interplay between tradition, technology, ethics, politics, climate, andsustainability. Such projects are also likely to be highly socio-culturally contextual and thus require a deep
understanding of the specific context and culture within which they will be built and deployed. This paper presents
the results of an ongoing research project in Rajasthan, India, where filtering water pots (G-filters) are used to purify
waste-laden water. The pots are made by the traditional Kumhar potter caste and are used extensively for domestic
and agricultural use in the local community. Ongoing research has leveraged critical realist-based approaches tohypothesize several generative mechanisms, which indicate that these pots fulfil many of the criteria required for
impactful technology-based projects in the Global South. We briefly discuss the mechanisms hypothesized, andconclude by making recommendations based on our findings to date.

Community and large-scale digital transformation for poverty eradication and economic growth inAfrica: A rapid review of existing research for the period 2013-2023
Hugo Lotriet (University of South Africa, South Africa)
This article investigates recent scholarly research on large-scale community and digital transformation (DT) in Africa
that relates to SDG 1 (no poverty) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth). The study used a rapid review
approach to get an exploratory overview of recent scholarly research on the topic. Thirty-seven scholarly papers were
included and analysed, departing from a sociotechnical perspective. The findings present a fragmented picture. Mostof the studies were quantitative and cross-sectional. A significant number of studies focused on aspects of agriculture,underscoring the importance of agriculture in terms of economic sustainability in Africa. Many studies do not indicate
any conceptual foundations that inform the research, or the results presented. The dimensions of DT that werefocused on include drivers and disruptions, enablers and constraints, the DT process, and outcomes. The mostsignificant technology related to DT in Africa is mobile technologies. It is also clear from these studies that thedevelopment of appropriate technologies cannot be viewed separately from their contexts. Given this, thegeographical coverage of Africa in the studies is too limited. The actual changes in the sociotechnical systems during
DT are not adequately researched. Studies only focused in a limited way on novel and niche technologies. There islimited evidence of a focus on gender issues, despite their importance. There is a significant scope for qualitative
longitudinal studies, and such studies should be accessible to key decision makers and role players.
The role of source systems strengthening in the effective interoperability of digital health systems
Leonard Peter Binamungu (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)
Although electronic information systems (IS) that act as main sources of information in an ecosystem of digital systems
are important in the success of IS interoperability, the conditions and challenges of source systems that affect ISinteroperability have not received enough attention in the body of existing scientific knowledge. Using the System
Theory, this paper relies on empirical evidence from two IS interoperability case studies to argue that theinteroperability of electronic information systems can only succeed if due attention is paid to the individual systems
that are involved in an IS interoperability project. Among other things, it was found that IS interoperability can only
be achieved if the individual systems meet the requisite conditions, and that an environment surrounding a source
system could substantially impact its ability to be interoperable with other systems.

A Social Justice Analysis of Competing Tensions in a Pan-African Open Science Initiative
Pamela. Abbott (The University of Sheffield, UK)
The case study presented in this paper can be argued to embody the representation of two dominant discourses thatframe the persistent problem of lack of African research visibility in global knowledge systems. The first proceedsfrom a deficit perspective, suggesting endemic dysfunctions within in-country research systems, while the second
recognizes potential systemic injustices, which are deemed to create unequal opportunities for knowledge production
and dissemination for African scholars. Four selected interventions from the case study are analyzed using a social
justice framework, developed in the paper, that synthesizes these two critical perspectives. It was found that all but
one of the interventions emanate from a country deficit discourse and that the actions taken tend mainly to ameliorate,
not challenge this perspective. The paper concludes by demonstrating through the social justice lens why the African
research visibility issue continues to persist and hints that counter narratives initiated by the case study could offer
an alternative outcome.

Tailoring Agile for Medical Software Development: Global South Perspective
Yazidu Salihu, Julian Bass and Gloria Iyawa (University of Salford, Manchester, UK)
Agile practices have been adopted in developing various software for ICT4D due to their flexibility in empowering
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development teams to provide higher-quality, customer-aligned software. Medical software developers find it
challenging to adopt agile scrum practices because of the stringent safety and regulatory requirements. This research
explores how practitioners tailor agile approaches to develop medical software for ICT4D in the Global South context.
The study employed a qualitative research methodology and gathered data by engaging 11 highly experienced
practitioners developing medical software in India and Nigeria through semi-structured interviews. Snowballing, apurposive technique, and a professional network of experiences were used to identify and recruit the practitioners.
The data analysis was informed by grounded theory, which involved open coding of the transcripts, constantcomparison, memoing of the data and theoretical saturation.
We identified 14 core categories and mapped to five roles and artefacts to enrich emerged memos, which include
hybrid agile and plan-based practices, tailored roles, and software quality assurance artefacts. In addition, wedeveloped a new and detailed breakdown of the activities in the clinical tester and CTO roles. Further, we developed
a novel classification of agile quality assurance artefacts for medical software development.
Our main contribution is that the 14 core categories mapped to roles and artefacts help practitioners build and deploy
high-quality medical systems for ICT4D locally. Our findings show that practitioners require additional skills andcapabilities in agile tailoring concepts. We discovered a lack of national regulatory mechanisms to guide practitioners,
especially in the Nigerian context.

Digital Inclusion and Human Development: Is Digital Inclusion a Social Determinant of Health that
Matters?
Sajda Qureshi (UNO)
Blessing Oladokun, Keerti Tekale and Kavya Nadendla (University of Nebraska Omaha)
The unequal distribution of resources following the pandemic have exacerbated existing inequalities in income andaccess to services needed to stay healthy. Digital technologies, in particular, mobile health applications, are seen to bea means of transforming access to care and socio-economic resources. This paper explores the impact of digital
inclusion on human development and health outcomes. It also examines whether access to digital technologies andservices, like mobile health, can act as a means to improve healthcare access and socio-economic resources, thereby
addressing health inequities. This study on digital inclusion, human development, and health outcomes investigates
two main questions: 1) How does digital inclusion effect human development? And 2) what is the role of digital
inclusion as a social determinant of health? In order to investigate, study adopts a quantitative approach to explore
how digital technologies and services can enhance healthcare access and socio-economic resources, potentiallymitigating health inequities. By analyzing the correlation between digital inclusion and the Human Development Index(HDI), the study highlights a significant positive relationship, suggesting that improving digital access could lead tobetter health outcomes and reduced disparities. Out of the nine location factors tested for correlation with humandevelopment and digital inclusion, electricity access and incidence of multidimensional poverty turned out to bestrongly correlated with both human development index and digital inclusion. The contribution of this paper is in
illustrating that digital inclusion does in fact become a social determinant of health in improving health outcomes.

Utilisation of Digital Farm Technologies towards Enhancing Agriculture Productivity in lowincome countries: A case of National Agriculture Management Information System in Malawi.
Eddons Munthali (Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources),
Kondwani Munthali, Chomora Mikeka (University of Malawi)
Digital agriculture, ascribed to tools used to digitally collect, store, analyse, and share electronic data, hasrevolutionised the agriculture industry as the newest shift of technological transformation. This research analyses
factors influencing the use of digital farm technologies to carry out extension services by extension workers andstakeholders, including farmers in Malawi. It discusses using digital farm technology in farm management to shapeagriculture productivity in low-income countries. It finds factors shaping the utilisation of digital farm technology in
Malawi. This digital transformation has strengthened farm productivity and could help ensure agriculture satisfies
Malawi's current and future needs and the global population. The researcher employed the UTAUT theoretical modelwith its decisive factors of social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and users' behaviouralintention. The research used a questionnaire for data collection distributed to agriculture planning officers in the 14
districts currently using the National Agriculture Management Information System, the NAMIS portal. The researcher
quantitatively analysed data based on the UTAUT model constructs. The result found that social influence and effort
expectancy influence behaviour intention to use digital farm technology. On the other hand, performance expectancy
is not a statistically significant determinant of use behaviour. This research will inform literature regarding thedigitalisation of agriculture and help the government formulate policies aiming to assist farmers in scaling up the useof digital farm technologies to enhance agricultural productivity. Further, small-scale farmers will realise maximum
productivity and boost households in the national and global economies.
Situational analyses of Climate Data Infrastructure in MozambiqueJordão Joaquim Uache and Joaquim Agostinho Malauene (Universidade Eduardo Mondlane)
Applications in meteorology, hydrology, and climatology are based on different assumptions, serve different needs,
and have different objectives. Nevertheless, they all depend on atmospheric data, commonly called climate data.
Accurate weather, ocean, and climate predictions and reanalysis are not possible without an adequate specification of
the initial state of the respective Earth system, based on satellite and in situ observations, which suggests
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improvements in capacity building. In Mozambique, many in-situ observations only have traditional instruments thatare dependent on human intervention for data management, sometimes causing data errors and delays in the deliveryof information. The errors and delays negatively affect the forecast with efficiency and effectiveness, which means that
there are gaps in the information infrastructure. This research aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities inestablishing climate data infrastructure in Mozambique. The research is a case study that will follow a qualitative
approach, using interviews, observations, relevant documents, and a literature review.
Digital health, development and social exclusion: DHIS2 and HIV prevention among AdolescentGirls, Young Women and Key Populations in Zimbabwe
Rangarirai Matavire (HISP/Itinordic AS )Jørn Braa (University of Oslo)
The dominant philosophy guiding digital health studies on interventions is that of ‘equity’ of healthcare services. This
study takes on a different approach, that of equity of health, basing on a capability lens, which sees equity as adifferential phenomenon, and extends this to technology development and implementation. This is particularly fitting
in contexts where the focus is on populations who have traditionally been exposed to disparities in healthcare due tostigma and discrimination. The study follows an initiative which sought to promote uptake of health services bysocially excluded members of society. The initiative was aimed at implementing digital health technologies to support
adolescent girls, young women, and key populations in Zimbabwe. This study sought to understand the role digital
health plays, and can play, in addressing the problems of social justice, and particularly health equity, in the context ofsocially deprived groups. It discusses the phenomenon in relation to emerging conceptualisations of health equity
which go beyond utilitarian perspectives that focus on the distribution of healthcare services. The study does this bycomplementing conceptual ideas from Amartya Sen’s capability approach, with those from Shoshana Zuboff’s smart
machine perspective. This helps to trace the specific ways in which technology is implicated in development and,specifically, social justice and equity.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Prediction: A Bibliometric Analysis
Emmanuel Mbuya, Tsholofelo Mokheleli, Tebogo Bokaba and Patrick Ndayizigamiye (University of
Johannesburg)
This study aimed to map the evolution and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in diabetes prediction research from2013 to 2023.
Utilizing Scopus database records, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on documents featuring AI and diabetes
prediction keywords. The analysis used the Bibliometrix and VOSviewer tools to evaluate research publication trends,
author collaboration, and keyword co-occurrence in the application of AI in diabetes prediction. Data screening,
focusing on specific terms in titles and abstracts, ensured the relevance of the documents. The study included diverse
document types and subject areas, reflecting the field’s multidisciplinary nature.
The findings revealed a significant annual growth rate of 84.86% in AI applications for diabetes prediction, with 1 498
documents from 802 sources highlighting strong scholarly interest. A peak in citation impact in 2018 marks key
contributions and diverse research themes in that year. International co-authorship, notably from the USA, India,
China, and Saudi Arabia, underscores extensive collaboration. Thematic analysis points to focal areas like
ophthalmology in diabetes-related complications and identifies central topics and emerging trends, including theInternet of Things.
The bibliometric review highlights a significant interdisciplinary expansion in AI research applied to diabetes
prediction, with a marked increase in global collaborations and contributions. The study underscores the importanceof AI in enhancing diabetes diagnostics and management, indicating a promising trajectory for future research,healthcare policy, and clinical practice. The evolution of AI, particularly machine learning, in diabetes prediction,
demonstrates the potential for innovative solutions in managing this chronic condition

Lessons Learned from EdTech Integration during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tsuyoshi Kano (Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan)
Kenta Ishikawa (Koei Research & Consulting Inc., Tokyo, Japan)
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into education, such as EdTech, in low- andmiddle-income countries has provoked various global debates. Meanwhile, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic since2020 has transformed the situation, elevating ICT as essential for education access. Thus, to systematically address
the issues that need consideration when introducing EdTech at the national level, a case review of EdTech
implementations in Bhutan and Nepal was conducted. We selected these countries as cases for comparison from theperspective of project timeline, including responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The review took place from a sociotechnical perspective encompassing the “conceptualizing and planning phases” and “execution phase” of the project
life cycle. As a result, the cases were organized by their respective phases, and similarities and differences between
the two cases were analyzed. After the analysis and comparison, generalizable lessons were identified; the usefulnessof low-tech media, the importance of locality, and the necessity of capacity/infrastructure development were the major
factors in realizing effective EdTech projects. These insights will contribute to the effective design and implementationof EdTech in the future
Unveiling the smart vision guiding ICT-enabled rural development

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Pragyan Thapa, (University of Agder, Norway)
ICT4D scholars note that broader visions of development generate serious consequences on IT-enabled development
initiatives. However, much remains to deepen our current understanding about the interplay of emergent
development visions and ICT4D initiatives in specific development sectors. This paper explores the vision of ‘smart
rural development’ that is increasingly framing rural development goals and policies. Conceptual and empirical papers
focusing on this issue, within the field of ICT4D, information systems, rural development studies and development
studies, are reviewed. Findings from the review are interpreted with the lens of institutional logics perspective todevelop a typology of three smart rural development visions. The typology offers alternative assumptions about ruraltransformation and ICT4D practices, thus opening new avenues for research and practice of ICT-enabled ruraldevelopment.

Exploring the Digital Readiness of Underprivileged Secondary Schools in South Africa
Barrett Flowers and Maureen Tanner (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
This study explored the issue of digital readiness in underprivileged secondary schools in South Africa, delving
into the complexities and challenges associated with technology integration in education. The study focused onunderstanding the relationships between the availability of infrastructure, the attitudes of teachers towards using
technology in teaching, the effectiveness of technological implementation, and external challenges such as load
shedding. The study adopted a qualitative case study approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews to gain
insights from participants on their experiences, perceptions, and challenges related to technology usage in theclassroom. The findings highlight the disparity in infrastructure availability, with many schools grappling withinsufficient or outdated equipment. Additionally, the study uncovered different attitudes among teachers, witholder educators showing a leaning toward traditional teaching methods despite acknowledging the potential
benefits of technology. The challenges of integrating technology into the daily teaching routine are further
compounded by the unpredictable nature of load shedding, which disrupts planned activities and hinders theconsistent use of technological tools. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the critical need for a context-aware
approach in improving the digital readiness of underprivileged schools, underscoring the importance ofcontinuous teacher training, administrative support, and strategic partnerships for equipment donation. It
contributes significantly to existing literature by providing insights specific to the South African context and lays
a foundation for future research and policy initiatives aimed at fostering digital literacy and readiness inunderprivileged educational settings.

The Impact of Post-Adoption Expectations on Continued Usage Intentions of mHealth in Malawi
Donald Malanga and Wallace Chigona (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
This article investigates the impact of post-adoption expectations on the satisfaction and continued usage intentionsof mHealth by community health workers (CHWs) in Malawi, a developing country context. The study proposes aframework based on the expectation confirmation model and integrates it with some constructs from the updated
information systems success model. Using a mixed-method convergent design, the researchers collected data using
both survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with community health workers who were users of
Cstock. Cstock is a mHealth application used by CHWs for ordering medical supplies via a short message service. The
findings show that post-usage usefulness, information quality system quality, and service quality have an impact on
CHWs’ satisfaction and continued usage intention of Cstock. Furthermore, the study noted that objective-based
expectation beliefs such as system quality, service quality, and information quality also significantly affect thecontinued usage intentions of Cstock. The findings offer both theoretical and practical recommendations forunderstanding user expectation factors critical for sustaining continued usage intentions of mHealth in developing
countries and Malawi in particular.

Complexity and Distress in Open-Source Health Information System Implementations in Countries
with Developing Economies – The Case of Lesotho
Kopano Moeketsi and Irwin Brown (University of Cape Town)
Many countries with developing economies (CDEs) are currently engaged in strengthening their national healthinformation systems (HIS) through Free/Libre and open-source software (FLOSS). While open-source provides a costefficient means compared to the proprietary alternatives, there are many challenges to their successful
implementation, thereby hindering the optimal leverage of these open-source products. Underestimation ofcomplexity and distress are attributed to FLOSS-based HIS implementation failure. Complexity refers to how intricate
and sophisticated a system is. The concept of distress is used in information systems (IS) to characterize a system thatexperiences challenges during its lifetime. Understanding HIS complexity is crucial to navigating the challenges thatcause distress in HIS implementation. This research-in-progress aims to propose an investigation to identify
underlying causal mechanisms that give rise to distress in FLOSS-based HIS implementations in CDEs. A criticalrealism (CR) case-based research lensed through a complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory with multiple sources ofdata will be employed. A purposefully chosen case will be abductively and retroductively analysed to develop newtheoretical positions. Interviews, field observations, and focus group discussions will be used to collect data. A CR casebased approach to this research will lead to a novel theoretical explication of the complex interactions occurring within
the HIS implementations, which can contribute to more effective strategies for mitigating distress and improving the
HIS implementation processes. This study is important given the potential for IS to contribute to the improvement of
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health outcomes in CDEs.

Appropriation of Artificial Intelligence in an E-learning Institution to Enhance Tuition
Siphamandla Mncube (University of South Africa, South Africa)
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems is taking place in higher education spheres. However, the different
AI systems that are appropriated by academicians in an open distance e-learning context are not well articulated. Theinterpretivism paradigm and qualitative approach have guided this study. The appropriation process was used as themain theoretical underpinning for the study. The study found that non-appropriation is the cause of lack of knowledge
and lack of interest. The appropriation occurs because of the usage of AI systems and the benefits of tuition and the
conduct of online examinations. However, the dis-appropriation of AI occurred when users (academics) were expected
to subscribe to some AI systems. The study proposed regular training and exploration of relevant AI systems toenhance innovative teaching and learning. Future research should focus on how students in an ODeL appropriate AI
for learning

Harnessing the Unseen: A Case Study on the Barriers to Big Data Analytics in a Major South African
RetailerShaun Moloi, Grant. Oosterwyk and Adheesh Budree (University of Cape Town)
While international companies increasingly invest in analytics to achieve a competitive edge, a major challenge is theunderutilisation of this data, especially by offline retail businesses. The research underscores the disparity between
abundant literature on e-commerce Big Data Analytics (BDA) utilisation and the need for more studies concerning
South African offline retail organisations. Adopting the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, thestudy utilised a comprehensive qualitative approach by interviewing various Information Technology experts in an
offline retail organization. Findings revealed that organisational factors, especially top management support andstructure, are primary challenges to BDA adoption. The study also illuminates technological and environmental
challenges specific to the case, such as recurring power outages and regulatory complexities. In conclusion, while BDA
presents transformative potential for the retail sector, its successful implementation necessitates context-specificstrategies, infrastructure investment, and upper-level managerial commitment.
Factors Influencing Generation Z’s Cybersecurity Practices: An Empirical Analysis
Ethan Slamet and Zainab Ruhwanya (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
With the rise in technology use among Generation Z, recognizing their specific cybersecurity risks is vital. Adopting
effective cybersecurity practices is essential for their protection, yet the factors influencing these protective behaviors
remain underexplored. This study proposed an adapted Theory of Planned Behavior model, testing it with data from123 participants. Analysis using SPSS for descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM for data evaluation revealed thatknowledge and self-efficacy significantly predict Gen Z’s cybersecurity practices. Contrarily, their attitudes, awareness,and subjective norms showed no substantial influence on these practices. This research highlights the need forincreased awareness and efficacy in cybersecurity measures among young technology users.

Educators’ Perspectives on Cybersecurity: Case of resource-constrained Schools in South Africa
Caroline Magunje, Laban Bagui and Wallace Chigona (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
Cybersecurity has become a global security priority in recent years. Many African countries have embarked on
important efforts to improve their cybersecurity posture in all sectors, including education. The increased use of
information communication technologies (ICTs) by educators implies a greater exposure to cyber threats and risks
prompting the need for cybersecurity to become a priority for schools. Cyber threats and risks have the potential todisrupt school operations and compromise the safety of learners, educators, administration staff, parents, and thesurrounding community. The way respective stakeholders engage with cybersecurity and respond to cybersecurity
intervention will, to an extent, depend on their perspective of the phenomena. There is paucity on literature on African
educators’ perspectives on cybersecurity as a starting point. This study aims at answering the question: What areperspectives on cybersecurity of educators in resource-constrained schools in South Africa? The study used aqualitative exploratory case study methodology. Data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews
from four schools in the Western Cape and Limpopo provinces; these represent an affluent and a rural province. It was
analysed using thematic analysis based on the Social Cognitive Theory. Findings suggest that when it comes tocybersecurity, educators’ self-efficacy is low, and their outcome expectancy is negative. Their socio-structuralenvironment does not provide enough support to boost their confidence due to their exposure to ICTs, cybersecurity
awareness, and available resources. The more a school is resource-constrained, the less educators prioritise
cybersecurity. The study contributes to cybersecurity in education by shedding light on the cybersecurity perspectivesof educators in resource-constrained schools in South Africa to pave the way for initiatives that cultivate a culture ofcyber safety.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the environment: Imperatives for ICT4D research
Sundeep Sahay (University of Oslo)
Arunima Mukherjee (HISP India)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is an emerging problem, particularly impacting low and middle
income countries. The One Health (OH) approach currently being promoted by global and national agencies, while
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highlighting importance of studying the interconnections between humans, animals and environment, tend to
downplay the environment. Further, this paper argues that the concrete methods and data required to design anddevelop digital environmental AMR monitoring systems within the context of governmental systems in LMICs are
significantly under studied. This paper makes a small effort towards highlighting the problem of environmental AMR
in LMIC contexts, and more particularly related to the design and development of a digital monitoring system. The
paper argues IS and ICT4D research has an important role to play in this effort, particularly in bringing in principles
of systems thinking to the design and development processes.

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