Practical ClinicalEnglish
M3
July 14, 2017

久留⽶⼤学医学部免疫学准教授
溝⼝恵美⼦

EM1

医学英語講義の到達⽬標
 CBTを受験するM4までに必修の基本事項に掲載されている医学⽤語は英語で読み書きできるようになる。
 医学英語で頻回に使われるような abbreviation (省略形）が理解できる。

AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
GVHD: Graft-versus-host Disease

正答率 10%スライド 2
EM1

Emiko Mizoguchi, 2016/05/02

Questions #1-#10

1. ACE
2. ACTH
3. ADHD
4. AIDS
5. AMI
6. ARF
7. BAL8. BMI
9. BP
10. CEA

angiotensin converting enzyme
adrenocorticotropic hormone
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderacquired immuno-deficiency syndrome
acute myocardial infarction
acute renal failure
bronchoalveolar lavage
body mass index
blood pressure
carcinoembryonic antigen

Questions #11-#20

11. CHD
12. COPD
13. CPA
14. CPC
15. CPR
16. CRF
17. CS
18. CT
19. DIC
20. ECG

congenital heart diseasechronic obstructive pulmonary diseasecardiopulmonary arrest
clinico-pathological conference
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
chronic renal failure
caesarean section (C-section)
computed tomography
disseminated intravascular coagulationelectrocardiography

Questions #21-#30

21. ER
22. GERD
23. GFR
24. GVHD
25. IBD
26. ICU
27. LC
28. MOF
29. MRSA
30. PETemergency room
gastroesophageal reflux disease

glomerular flow rate
graft-versus-host diseaseinflammatory bowel diseaseintensive care unit
liver cirrhosis
multiple organ failure

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

positron emission tomography

Questions #31-#40

31. RI
32. RA
33. SAH
34. SAS
35. SLE
36. STD
37. UC
38. UTI
39. XP
40. WBC

radio isotope
rheumatoid arthritis
subarachinoid hemorrahage
sleep apnea syndrome
systemic lupus erythematosus
sexual transmitted disease
ulcerative colitis
urinary tract infection
X-ray photography
white blood cell

Select the abbreviation that best matches
each definition.
 1) a type of surgery that improves blood flow tothe heart, performed to treat severe coronary
artery disease.

a)

CABGb)CHDc)

COPDd)

CRF

Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft(冠動脈バイパス移植術）

⽇本英語検定3級過去問より抜粋

Select the abbreviation that best matches
each definition.
 2) a cluster of respiratory diseases that limit

airflow and cause difficulty in breathing.

a)

CAPDb)

COPDc)

CPAPd)

CPPV

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(慢性閉塞性肺疾患）

Allergic Reaction (アレルギー反応）
 An allergic reaction is the body's way of

responding to an "invader." When the body senses a foreign substance,called an antigen, the immune system istriggered.
 The immune system normally protects the bodyfrom harmful agents such as bacteria and toxins.
Its overreaction to a harmless substance (anallergen) is called a hypersensitivity reaction, or
an allergic reaction.

Allergen
Anything can be an allergen. Dust, pollen, plants,medications (such as ibuprofen, sulfa drugs such assulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim [Bactrim], codeine,amoxillin[Amoxil, Trimox], cephalexin [Keflex]), foods(common food allergies include shrimp and other shellfish,peanuts), insect bites (such as mosquito bites or bee stings),
animal dander (such as from a pet cat or dog, or rodents),
viruses, or bacteria are examples of allergens.
 Reactions may occur in one spot, such as a small localizedskin rash, itchy eyes, face bumps, or all over, as in a wholebody rash.
 A reaction may include one or several symptoms.

Allergy-related terms

必須2０語１）Allergic rhinitis （An allergic reaction in nose)
２）Anaphylactic shock （A widespread and serious allergic reaction)３）Anti-histamines (Drugs that combat the histamine release)４）Asthma (A common lung disorder in which inflammation causes thebronchi to swell and narrow the airways)5) Atopic dermatitis (A skin disease characterized by areas of severe
itching, redness, scaling, and loss of the surface of the skin)6) Chronic disease (A disease that persists for a long time)7) Congestion （An abnormal or excess accumulation of a body fluid)８）Decongestant（A drug that shrinks the swollen membrane in the nose)
９）Diarrhea (An unusually frequent and liquid bowel movements)
10) ENT (Abbreviation for ears, nose and throat)

Allergy-related terms

必須2０語11) Hives (a raised, itchy area of skin that may be a signs of allergic reactions)12) Inflammation (A localized reactions that produces redness, warmth, swelling, and pain asa result of infection, irritation, or injury)13) Ointment (An oil-based preparation that is applied to the skin)14) Pollen (Small, light, dry protein particles from trees, flowers, and weeds)
15) Prescription (A physician’s order for he preparation of a drug)16) Prognosis (The forecast of the probable outcome or course of a disease)17) Shock (A critical condition that is brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow through thebody)18) Sore throat (Pain in the throat)19) Trigger (Something that either sets off a disease in people who are genetically
predisposed to developing the disease, or that causes a certain symptom to occur in aperson who has a disease.
20) Wheezing (A whistling noise in the chest during breathing)

Autoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
Definition:
A disease in which the body produces antibodies
that attack its own tissues, leading to thedeterioration and in some cases to the destructionof such tissue.
deterioration (低下、悪化、退歩)

amelioration (改良、改善、向上)Autoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
A long-term endocrine disorder inwhich the adrenal glands do not
produce enough steroid
hormones. Symptoms generally
come on slowly and may include
abdominal pain, weakness, andweight loss.

Addison’s disease
Primary adrenal insufficiency

Autoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
A collection of symptoms caused by very
high levels of a hormone called cortisol inthe body.

Cushing disease

The symptoms include:• weight gain
• thinning skin that bruises easily• reddish-purple stretch marks on thethighs, stomach, buttocks, arms, legs orbreasts• fat deposits that develop in the face,causing it to become round• muscle or bone weakness (osteoporosis)

Autoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
An autoimmune disease thataffects the thyroid. It frequently
results in and is the most common
cause of hyperthyroidism. It also
often results in an enlarged
thyroid.

Grave’s disease
Diffuse toxic goiterAutoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
A chronic autoimmune
neuromuscular disease thatcauses weakness in the skeletal
muscles, which are responsible forbreathing and moving parts ofthe body, including the arms andlegs.

Myasthenia gravis

Autoimmune Diseases (⾃⼰免疫疾患）
Hepatitis

Rheumatoid
arthritis
Type 1diabetes

Systemic lupus
erythematosus

Scleroderma
Psoriasis
Arthritis

Crohn’sdisease

CushingdiseaseAddison’s
diseaseAddison’s
diseaseHashimoto’s
thyroiditis
Grave’sdisease

Celiacdisease

Sjögren’s
syndrome

Myasthenia
gravisPsoriasis

Autoimmune Diseases

必須2０語1) CRP (C-reactive protein levels in the blood increase in inflammatory conditions)2) Effusion (a condition in which excess amounts of food are accumulated between
biologic layers).
3) Interleukin (a cytokine, a small protein molecule that is produced and release by
specific cells of the immune system).
4) Rheumatoid arthritis (inflammatory conditions of the joints resulting from anautoimmune process).
5) Leukocytosis ( a situation which there is an increase in the white blood cell count).
6) Lymphadenopathy (a condition in which the lymph nodes become enlarged).
7) Methotrexate (a drug used to treat multiple diseases including autoimmune conditions
by inhibiting folic acid metabolism).
8) Myalgia (a symptom that corresponding to diffuse muscular pain).
9) Neoplastic disease (the growth of an abnormal mass of cellular tissue).
10) NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Autoimmune Diseases

必須2０語11) Pleuritis (inflammation of the surface cells, which from a sack like covering of the lungs).
12) Pneumonitis (inflammation of the lung tissue).
13) Respiratory Distress (a medical condition in which one experiences difficulty in breathing
noted as shortness of breath).
14) Serositis (a condition in which there is inflammation of the surface lining of the tissues)
the lung  pleuritic, the heart  pericarditis, the inner line of abdomen  peritonitis
15) Splenomegaly (a condition in which there is enlargement of the spleen)16) Organomegaly (abnormal enlargement of an organ)
17) Systemic (a condition which is spreaded throughout the body)18) TNF (tumor necrosis factor is a group of 9 identified cytokines that, can cause cell death,inflammatory responses, inhibit tumor formation, and inhibit viral replication.
19) Infliximab (Remicade) (an anti-TNFa antibody which can prevent binding of the TNF
protein to targeted cell receptors)
20) Pericarditis (inflammation of the surface cell which from a sack like covering surrounding
the heart)海外で通じない和製英語の例
和製英語

英語

コンセント

Outlet, Socket

トイレ

Bathroom, Restroom

ホッチキス

Stapler和製英語

英語

キーホルダーkey ring, key chain

スキンシップPhysical contact

クレームcomplain

マンション

apartment, condominium (condo)

アルバイトPart-time job

バックミラー

Rear-view mirror

クーラー

air conditioner (AC)シュークリーム

cream puff

Dear allHave a wonderful Summer Break!
All my best wishes,
Emiko

Mass General Hospital, Ether Dome (2016)