ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ǵ2002 ॷ 11 ೐ኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȴ⏱⏎‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɴȲȿʳȋᏳᨆȍɭȋԍкȍ⏎ೠǵ೴ǵ߂ǵ໠*Does God Dwell in Detail?:“Detail” and “Concreteness” in Area Studies
K IMURA Daiji*
How microscopic details should be collected and analyzed has often been discussed
in area studies. Having studied the social interaction of farmers and hunter-gatherers inAfrica, I believe the aphorism often quoted by German art historian Aby Warburg, “Goddwells in detail” can be applied to area studies. Through the detailed description of socialinteractions, analysis can be broadened to many kinds of problems in the area. Thereare, however, certain conditions that make the study of “details” into area studies. One
may be to collect data which are not only “true,” but also “interesting”; and another is toposition them correctly in the context of current academic interest.

1ȅΨ΃ȆάΈηȜ͈ఆ́ǵኽɻȦʚ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡ͹ˡ͍͡ͻͲആ‫׫‬ᨆɹၖय़ᮒകɹμɴȡʳ⏋̫ˡ͹̴˫͊ͻɹ೴ɫɄɹ
؅ዣ⏃ɹ೎՟ɹ̫ͻ˻͚Ͳ⏆ˁೆȦɩȦʳ⏏޺ȴʰࡎњɛɠȵᧉ˃ɫȦʳުȵᓬɄȭɩȼʳ⏏
ߨȵ߂ުɫᠨȴˁ٧˃ɫȦʳ⏏ࢹɌᮐʶɛ̫Ͳ˻͚⏃mbanjo; ᮃЦࢸ࣒⏆ɫ⏋ᅖɛɠȵʖɗʖɗɭ᠝ʱȡɤɩȦʳ⏏౾ɹ౗μ⏋೴ɻɑʶɹࢃɹμɴএɤɩȦʳɞȿɫ⏋ުˁЂɌɩɹሾៅɻ೴ɹμਕʚɫʢঃȵɤɩȦʳ⏏̫ˡ᠝ȵʚɞɗʶʓɰɫȷɲȦɹɫ⏋ៜɤɩȦʳɄɭɹΥᨆɌȴʼȴʰɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌȴʶʰᕶ᤹ɴɌɩʛʶɽ⏋ȴɐȴɴᓬɄȭʳᇍ᠌ɫɇȭʢ⏋ɗɹԒࢅˁჿៗɐʳɄɭɻᮑɌȼɲȦɻɑɞ⏏̆Ʉɹʭȩɲᯭުᇕᄩ‫ޅ‬ɹঃȵʱɹμɫ⏋̫ˡɹϺǾɻɰɹʭȩɲᐁᱻγᅠˁᅊȷɩȦʳɹȴ⏏ɗɌɩɗʶȵ⏋ȴʶʰɹ኏Цᅊ༎ɭɰɹʭȩɴᬠѥɌɩȦʳɹȴ⏏ɄȩȦɤɛɄɭȵ⏋Ȧʚɹኽɹᬠਕϟɫȡʳ⏏

*ϴᨊ߂࡝߂࡝᭏ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድ቉ድዀ, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, KyotoUniversity243

ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ǵࡸ᭬ɰɹʭȩɲ̚ͻ̊ˁ‫؜‬ʳȴɭȦȩɭ⏋ɗʶɻࡸɴᏳȴȦϟനɫȡʳ⏏ɗɹʁɭɦ⏏ϺǾɹЦ᠌ˁ̲̚ˠɴ௣ɤɩ⏋ɗʶˁΥ᠝Υ᠝ɫȷʳᭉʱਠࡸɴ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺͠˹͚Ͳ⏃᥊៨⏆ˁȲɄɲȦ⏋ᓎ៱ɐʳ⏏ɌȴɌ౗।Ц᠌ɭȦȩʢɹɻ⏋య໬ᇕɫɲȦయ⏋ៜȦሁɌ⏋ȡʚʱઝ٢ɹɲȦ୭ኍ᠁ʦᬚହ᠁ፈȵᰈᇍɌ⏋ɗɹʚʚᠧ˃ɫʢɴʼȴɴჿៗɫȷɲȦɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ʚɛ⏋ʁɭɦɹᇍ᠌ɫɇȭʢ⏋ɗʶˁ‫מ‬ԃɴჿៗɐʳɛʠɴɻᕛ߂ɲᔘಕሾᡫȵਖឹɲɄɭȵȡʳ⏏ʼʶʼʶᕶ᤹ȵ౗ೣ᠝ɹЦ᠌ˁ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺̜͠ɐʳ‫غݭ‬ɫɇȭɗȩɲɹɞȵ⏋ሂଝɻኽȵʚɞ‫מ‬ՕɴᓃၓɌɩɲȦ̫ˡ᠝ɫȡʳ⏏Υయˁჿៗɐʳɹɴధ‫מ‬ՕȴȴʳɄɭʢॕɫɻɲ
ȼ⏋ȋ̶̼̼̒͡Ͳ̝ȍˁȋȩɑɛȴȦȍɭ៱ɐɹɴ‫ץ‬౗ȴȴɤɛɭȦȩ⏋ៗкృೆɹᓎ៱ɹᗑ֝ȵଂȵ᤹ɴઢɍʰʶɩȼʳɹɫȡʳ⏏1)ǵɄ˃ɲᠭീʢʦɤɩȦʳ⏏೴ɹμɫ⏋ɰɹಁᬚɴɰɹȽʰȦɹᰈ঎ɫᇍ᠌ȵᓬɄȭʳȴˁሾʳɛʠɴ⏋15 ዁ɴ 1 ‫⏋܌‬1 ዁ᬚᓡˁ࿒ʚɓ⏋ᓡɴԂʳᇍ᠌ɹధɭɗɹዛᰖ⏃ᅖɹުȴߨɹުȴࡎњɹުȴ⏋߂ުȴࢸުȴ⏋ሂଝˁ႕ࡴɌɩȦʳȴ႕ࡴɌɩȦɲȦȴ⏆ˁ៨᪼ɐʳɹɫȡʳ⏏
1 ‫܌‬ɹ́̒˹͚Ͳɫ 20 Օዐ঎ᐚȿɩ៨᪼ˁȲɄɲȩɭໆʠɩȦʳɹɞȵ⏋޹౅⏋೴μȵުɫȡʈʶȴȭʳಁᬚय़ɫɻ⏋10 Օʢʦʶɽኜᐁȵȼɛȼɛɴɲʱ⏋ȋʢȩȦʦɞȍɭਲ਼ɤɩɌʚ
ȩ⏏Ё‫ᦲ܌‬፤Ꮭ 30 ಁᬚɄɹс෌ˁȲɄɲɤɛɹɞȵ⏋೎৿ɴɻᔌȵՀɤɩ‫ؤ‬Ԓမȵ 7 ɦʢɫȷ⏋ྃ᣸ɴʢɹȵᰩʏʰʶɲȼɲɤɩɌʚɤɛ⏏

2ȅȶ૰͉ळ໐ͅ਽ͤ‫̠ݯ‬ȷǵГմ⏋ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድ቉ድዀɹ̄͊ɫ⏋ɄȩȦɤɛ቉ድɹΥᨆˁᇍᝠɌɛɄɭȵȡʳ⏏ɗɹಁ⏋ȡʳఠࡲȴʰ๖ɹʭȩɲ˱͍Ͳ̜ȵȡɤɛ⏏ȋȏኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȑɭȦȩȿʶɰ⏋ʦɻʱɄɹʭȩɲᏳȴȦЇϟˁɌɩȦʳɹˁឿʳɭ⏋Ʉʶȵ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɴɲʳɹȴ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭȵຩɴȴȴʳȍ⏏ɗɹɄʸ቉ድዀɻጓɠΫȵɤɛɽȴʱɫ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȍɭȦȩ‫ؿ‬ɹʢɭɴɰɹʭȩɲ౅‫ك‬ਸɫ቉ድˁᦽʠɩȦȼɹȴ⏋ฐᏮɹಁೝɫȡɤɛ⏏ɄȩȦɤɛᡴᠶȵɫɩȼʳɹɻᕶးɫȡɤɛʸȩɌ⏋ኽʢȡʳዐ঎ϜೝɌɩȦɛɄɭɫʢȡɤɛ⏏ɗɌɩȋኜɻᏳᨆɴ
2⏆ࢆʱᐌȩȍɭȦȩៜᘽɻೝɓɑɌɩ⏋ኽᕶ᤹ȵਕɹμɫɦʉʦȦɩȦɛៜᘽɞɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏

ǵኽȵϺᰖ࡝ɹ˱Ͳ̘˪˽̜ɫɄɹៜᘽɴՏЦɤɛɹɻ⏋࡝ᨆᅊಁБ⏋‫ؿܩ‬቉ድɫሾʰʶʳ1)2)

ɄɄɫʦʸȩɭɌɩȦʳɹɻ⏋˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻɹΥࣙᬖɭɌɩɹȋЦ᠌Օഓ conversation analysisȍɹങᏼʛˁ຦౏᠖៨ᦚɴ᧟ᅎɐʳɭȦȩ᠅ʛɫȡʳȵ⏋ɗɄɴɻȦȼɦȴɹೣᣒᇕɲ‫ک‬ᰍȵ᭦ЫɌɩȦʳ⏏᠎ᏳɴɦȦɩɻ␩ೠ೴ǵ2001␭ˁؒ၇ɇʶɛȦ⏏
ɄɄɫɻ̊˓͌͹˵Ͳ̺͠Ͳ˫໬ɭȦȩ⏋៟ཀྵᇕ͹ధᩄᇕՕഓ໬ˁ᏷ЂɌɛȵ⏋ɄȩȦɤɛ౅໬ᠶɹʛȵȋኜɹࢆʳᏳᨆȍɴᕸʳ᧑ɫȡʳɭς৓ɌɩȦʳʼȿɫɻɲȦ⏏ኽɹ‫ݜ‬ೣᇕɲጓ‫ݭ‬ɻ⏋ᠧᓔɴᦗ֐ˁʢɤɩϟᢒȵரኍɫȷʳɹɫȡʶɽ⏋ჼᢒ࡝ᇕ⏃య࡝ᇕ⏱⏆ଝ໬ɫʢ⏋͇˪ͦɲՕഓɫʢ⏋ధᩄᇕ౅໬ɫʢ⏋ɄɞʼʰɑьȭɽȦȦ⏋ɭȦȩʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ɛʚɛʚɄɹᠭീɹ‫غݭ‬ɻ⏋೴ɹμɴྃɠʳުɭȦȩ⏋యጟɫೆȿɽɗʶɞȿɹ៨ᦚɴᏺʼɤɩɌʚȩ⏋ɗɌɩ᪼ᯭɌɩரኍɐʳɄɭʢଯ᝗ᇕɴ‫ܐ‬ᮑɲࢪᢒɫȡɤɛɹɫ⏋15 ዁ɴ 1 ‫܌‬ɹ˵Ͳ̺͠Ͳ˫ɭȦȩଝ໬ˁ‫؜‬ɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏

244ೠ೴⏧ኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȴ⏱຦ѯ࡝ᓔ⏋ᢆाҫΥລɹ‫ؿؾ‬ɹᘿс␩ᢆाǵ1980␭ˁଝɴɌɛɭȷɫȡɤɛ⏏ɦȿȴȭ‫خ‬ᔨɲ̘ͤ̒͡ɴɐȹɲȦȴɹʭȩɴʛɲɇʶ⏋๖Ǿɭ߉ʼʶɩȦɤɩȦʳ‫ؿܩ‬ȵ⏋Ȧȴɴᩂឹɲ޽ȼɹɄɭˁШȭɩȦʳ᧨ᅋɫȡʳȴɭȦȩɄɭɴɦȦɩ⏋Ʉɹೣɫɻ᠎ɌȼᠶɍʰʶɩȦʳ⏏
ɗɌɩ̝˓̓ɹᒭ᝗‫̲ˏࢃر‬͹ʹˎͻ̸͡͡˫ (Aby Warburg) ɹ߫˃ɫьɤɛɭȦȩൔៜȋኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩŋDer liebe Gott steckt im Detail (The good God dwells in detail)Ōȍˁ⏋ᢆाລɻɗɹᘿсɹᝠᰍɭɌɛɹɫȡɤɛ⏏য়ಁ⏋Ϻᰖ࡝ɴਕˁӃȿࠃʠɩȦɛኽȵ⏋৔Ȧ৯ᯱˁ‫؝‬ȿɛೣɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɇɩ⏋ኽɻ̄͊ɹ̚ˑ˽ˡ̒˹͚Ͳɫ⏋๖ɹʭȩɴፐȭɛɭ៨ૡɌɩȦʳ⏏
ȋϺǾȵ౗।⏋ɰɹʭȩɲ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚ͲˁȲɄɲɤɩȦʳȴ⏋ɗɌɩɗʶȵɰɹʭȩɲ‫׵‬ᢒˁήȭɩȦʳȴɭȦȩɄɭˁȷɠ˃ɭ៨᪼Ɍ⏋ՕഓɐʳɄɭɻ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡɹϺǾɭȦȩʢɹˁჿៗɐʳȩȭɫ⏋Јɹ̚ˑ˹̺͠Ͳɴ֯ʳɭʢ֔ʰɲȦᩂឹɇˁ୫ɤɩȦʳɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ᕶՕɻɗȩᓒȭɩЇϟˁᐚȿɩȦʳȍ⏏
ǵࡸ᭬ʼʶʼʶɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴᣯȷ⏋‫ܩܤ‬ɹϺǾɭᬏȼᅊ༎ˁԊɴɌɩȦʳɭ⏋ɗɹϺɛɠɹ᠌Ɍ౅⏋᤹୷ʱ⏋ϯབʦȿ˃ȴ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛϟᢒɴ౗Ǿɰɤʋʱɭ༡ȴʳɄɭɴɲʳ⏏ɗɌɩɗɹʭȩɲ‫׵‬ᢒɻ⏋‫ؾ‬ɍ̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴ᝔ɤɛɄɭɹȡʳЗᬚɹȡȦɞɫɻ⏋ȋɗȩɗȩ⏋ɗȩɲ˃ɞʭɷȍɭȦɤɛ০ɫ޽ȼˁԊ೑Ɍȡȭʳʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ɌȴɌɗʶˁ៨ᥔ͹ՕഓɌʭȩɭɌɛಁဣɫ⏋ʼʶʼʶɻȦȼɦȴɹ‫ܐ‬ᮑɴዺȷয়ɛɤɩɌʚȩ⏏ɗȩȦɤɛ៨ᥔˁȋς៎ᇕɲ‫׵‬ᢒɹ‫ق‬ᮮȍʭʱΫɹຍ᭥ɴ୫ɤɩȦȼɛʠɹкᏙɻ⏋Ȧʚɞ‫מ‬Օɴ఩ҺɇʶɩȦʳɭɻៜȭɲȦɌ⏋ɇʰɴɗɹߡɴɻ⏋ᅵయ‫׋‬ˁჿៗɐʳɭɻɰȩȦȩɄɭȴ⏋ɗɌɩɗʶɻ؅ჿᇕɴ‫خ‬ᔨɲɹȴ⏋ɭȦɤɛཉխɲ‫ک‬ᰍȵดɛʼɤɩȦʳ⏏3⏆ǵɄȩȦɤɛႥ໥ˁɰȩɐʳɹȴ⏏ኽɴϺᰖ࡝ԃᖔɴʼɛɤɩɹተɛʳɹឿᦲɌȵȡʳʼȿɫɻɲȦȵ⏋ኽɻᕶ᤹ɹ቉ድˁГάɹʭȩɴеᒞɧȿɩȦʳ⏏
ǵᦏॷɹ˓Ͳ̊ͻ̦̜̒⏋ொय़ᮚ᠌ɭȦɤɛృɌȦ˱̢͖͊˭ͻ˹͚Ͳ০িɹᇎ‫ݭ‬ɴʭɤɩ⏋3)ʢɠʸ˃౗।ᇕɲሂϣ᝔ဤɹՕഓɻ⏋ៜ᠝ɴᬠɌɩɻ኏Цៜ᠝࡝ʦ˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ͹Ц᠌Օഓ⏋ɇʰɴɻᦏॷɹลඁᓎ៱͹ᯭު᠗ᡫ቉ድɴȲȦɩ⏋ᝠ੻͹᤹୷ʱɻ˥̦˹˪˽⏋˻˙˽̍͑ͻ቉ድɴȲȦɩ⏋᤹кɹеᒞ‫؜‬ʱɻ̺ͦ˪́͊˪˽ɴȲȦɩ⏋ɗʶəʶ቉ድȵɲɇʶɩȷɛ⏏ɄʶʰɴɦȦɩȦɠȦɠᠶ៿ɐʳᏨ३ɻɄɄɴɻɲȦȵ⏋ኽȵέ‫מ‬ՕɞɭઢɍɩȦʳဣˁȦȼɦȴȡɁɩʛʭȩ⏏
͹኏Цៜ᠝࡝ɻ⏋մரɭɇʶɛ኏Ц෯ᦶɹȋគଠɠȍɭɌɩɹៜ᠝ჼᢒˁ៨ᦚɐʳɄɭ⏃ɛɭȭɽ⏋մரɭɌɩɹ኏Ц᭥ࣝȵȡɤɩ⏋ɗʶˁᝠჼɐʳద᠝ˁՕഓɐʳ⏋ɭȦɤɛ⏆ɴᩂဣˁᒞȦɩȲʱ⏋ሎɴ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚̠͡ɲჼᢒˁ୼ȭʭȩɭɌɩȦɲȦʭȩɴឿȭʳ⏏
͹˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ͹Ц᠌Օഓɻ⏋Ȳʢɴ቉ድᓔᕶ᤹ɹࣚɐʳ኏Ц⏃ɛɭȭɽ⏋ˏ͍͠ˡμᅋ᭥Ꮹ⏆ˁμਕɭɌɛ቉ድɫȡʱ⏋๭ᯆȴʰᅵయ‫׋‬ˁࢪᢒɭɌɛʢɹɻࢹɲȦ⏏ʚɛᅵయ‫׋‬ˁࢪᢒɭɌɛ‫غݭ‬ɫʢ⏋˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ႕೑ɹ˻͑ͻ˳Ͳˁਃഀɹଝ໬ɴ᝵ɓɛɞȿɫȡʱ⏋ȋɗʶȵɲȼɩʢ៨ᦚɫȷʳɹɫɻɲȦȴȍɭȦȩ‫׵‬ᢒˁୃȴɓʳʢɹȵ޽Ȧ⏏
͹˥̦˹˪˽ʦ̺ͦ˪́͊˪˽ɻ⏋՟ೝɹЭʃʦȴɲ៨ᥔɹಁೝˁ᧌ȹʳɭ⏋ȋՕᰖɹᦜࡾȍɴԂʱᦉ˃ɫ༎֐ˁ߉ɤɩɌʚɤɛȴɹʭȩɴឿȭʳ⏏

245ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬౗।ᇕɲሂϣ᝔ဤɹ০઴ɗɹʢɹȵ߂ȷȼ޴‫׋‬ɌɩȷɩȦʳ⏏ɗɹᐄഗ⏋ଂǾɹȋԊɴ‫ܧ‬ʳȍɭȦȩઢៅɹ‫ݜ‬ঈɻʪʰȹ⏋‫⏋࡝ڒ‬᠗ሾዀ࡝⏋኏Ц࡝⏋៟፤ลዀ࡝ɭȦɤɛᡉՕᩃɴȲȦɩ⏋ሂϣ᝔ဤɹՕഓɻμਕᇕɲ̘ͻ͇ɭɲʱɦɦȡʳɹɞȵ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ቉ድɹ‫ݜ‬ᇻɭɲʳჿᠶ⏃␩˹̨͑Ͳ༑ɹ␭੻‫ݬ‬ჿᠶ⏋ៜ᠝᝔ဤᠶ⏋Ц᠌Օഓ⏋᠝ᅎᠶፈǾ⏆ɻ⏋Ϻᰖ࡝ᓔɹᇿɴɻ⏋ី๘ᇕɲ̫˓ˏ˽ˁ৔ȼȩȿɛႷࢸɲʢɹɭɌɩ౱ʰɊʳˁ਄ɲȦɹɫȡʳ⏏ኽȵˏ̶͠ˡɫឿɛሂϣ᝔ဤɹ෵িɻ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ̫˓ˏ˽ˁઢɍɇɓʳɹɴ‫מ‬Օɲᲊȷˁήȭɩȼʶɛ⏏ɗɹᅵᣒɫᢌደɲ˱̢͖͊˭ͻ˹͚Ͳˁ៨ᥔɐʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ౖࡔɹᡉჿᠶɴࢪɐʳˡ˗Ͳ̊ͻɭɐʳɄɭ⏋Ʉʶȵኽɹʚɑʢɤɩɹᇿฌɫȡʳ⏏
ǵΥ౅⏋ȋᕶՕɛɠɹʦʱ౅ȍɴࢪɐʳȋᅵɲɤɛʦʱ౅ȍˁரኍɐʳь٨ˁ୫ɤɩȦɛɻɑɹϺᰖ࡝ɴȲȦɩ⏋ሂϣ᝔ဤ቉ድɻᦏॷʞɌʸάတɫȡʳ⏏Ӵɴᦚʏɛʭȩɴ⏋̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴԂɤɛϺᰖ࡝ᓔɹຩɧȼ⏋‫ܩܤ‬ɹϺǾɹᅵᣒɲᬠѥɹɭʱᐄʃ౅ˁ៨ᥔɐʳɛʠɹៜᘽɻ⏋Ȧʚɞ‫מ‬Օɭɻਲ਼ȭɲȦ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲ⏋ჼᢒɹ៨ᦚɭՕഓങᏼʛɹল៯⏋‫౅ؘ‬ȵϣȦˁਖឹɭɌɩȦʳȵԊɴೡଁၓɫȡʳɭȦȩੲ਌ᄩɹΥጩɴȼɇʃˁଠɠᦉʛ⏋ሂϣ᝔ဤɹȋᯆᇐɇȍˁȡʰʼɴɌɩʪȼɴɻɰȩɐʶɽʭȦȴ⏏ኽȵ౗Ǿਲ਼ȦʠȽʰɌɩȦʳɹɻɗȩȦȩɄɭɫȡʳ⏏

3ȅ౷֖ࡄ‫͂ݪ‬ȶळ໐ȷǵɇɩɌȴɌ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ቉ድȵɲɕȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍ቉ድɭ٧ɽʶȩʳɹȴ⏏ɗɹဣɴɦȦɩʢȩࢹɌೆȦɩȲȴɷɽɲʳʚȦ⏏ࡸ᭬ȋɗʶɤɩ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɲɹ⏱ȍɭȦȩ‫ک‬Ȧɻ⏋ɗɹ‫ؿ‬ˁ஥Ɂɩ቉ድˁᦽʠʳʢɹɛɠȵ⏋ЈᓔɴࢪɌɩ⏋ɗɌɩᕶʰɴࢪɌɩ⏋ᰈᑢɴହɁȴȿʳᆄ‫ک‬ɲɹɫȡʳ⏏
ǵʚɑ‫ک‬ᰍɭɲʳɹɻ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድ area studiesȍɭȦȩ‫ؿ‬ዌɹៗᨾɫȡʳ⏏
ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɭɻлˁ቉ድɐʳɄɭɲɹȴ⏱ȍɭȦȩ‫ک‬ȦɴࢪɌɩɻ⏋ɭʱȡȭɑɻ๖ɹʭȩɴፐȭʳɄɭȵɫȷʳɞʸȩ⏏ȋɗʶɻ‫ݖܩ‬ɫɐȍ⏏
ǵ‫ܕ‬᠝ϟԎ⏃Ϊህ‫ݟ‬ȋ߂᥻കȍፀ 2 ႆ⏆ɴʭʳɭȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɹᠦ౩ɻГάɹʭȩɫȡʳ⏏

1⏏‫ך‬Ֆʰʶɛȡʳ፴ܑɹ‫⏏ܩܤ‬2⏏క໠͹ᐁཕ͹య‫׋‬ɹȩȭɫ⏋Υࡴɹ႕ਐˁʢɤɛዷᬚɹ᯿‫⏏ݖ‬ԃк኏ЦɹΥᨆˁ෯ଁɐʳ⏏
3⏏‫ܕ‬᭬ᬠѥɴȲȦɩΥࡴɹႶጓɌɛ‫ܩ‬еˁ୫ɦࡔ‫ཱྀد⏏ܧ‬͹᱗ཬɲɰ⏏

1 ᅱᇿɻᯃ।ɴ؅ᒶᇕɲᠦ౩ɫȡʱ⏋3 ᅱᇿɻȋ‫ܕ‬ɭ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɭȦȩ˱Ͳ̘˪˽̜ɫьʼʶʳᅎ໬ɲɹɫ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȍˁᠶɍʳɭȷɴ‫ک‬ᰍɭɲʳɹɻʓʖ 2 ᅱᇿɹઝ٢ɫȡʳɭȦɤɩʭȦɞʸȩ⏏ɭʱȡȭɑɻȋዷᬚਸȍȵࡴᒶɹμਕɭɲɤɩȦʳʭȩɴឿȭʳȵ⏋ʭȼᓒȭɩʛʶ246ೠ೴⏧ኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȴ⏱ɽȋȏΥࡴɹ႕ਐˁʢɤɛȑዷᬚɹ᯿‫ݖ‬ȍɭȦȩɹɻ⏋ɭɩʢ޽ᒶᇕɲៜȦ౅ɫȡʳ⏏
ȋΥࡴɹ႕ਐȍɭɻлɲɹȴ⏏ɗɹໆʠ౅ɴʭɤɩ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɻȦȴʭȩɴʢ޴০Ɍȩʳɞʸȩ⏏ȋ‫ܩ‬‫ݖ‬ȍȋˁȍ቉ድɐʳ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭɴɲʳɭ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɭȦȩʢɹȵଝɴ៘ʶʰʶʳлʰȴɹࡸкɭɌɩࡔ‫ܧ‬ɐʳ⏋ɭȦȩઢȵ৔ȼɲɤɩɌʚȩ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɭɻ⏋ɗʶȋˁȍ቉ድɐʳ⏋ɭȦɤɛ০ɫᇿᇕ᠝ɹеᒞɴᒞȷȩʳࢪᢒɫɻɲȼ⏋ȦʼɽɇʚɊʚɲϟᢒȵ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚ͲˁᣱɄɐȋ‫ݭ‬ȍɲɹɫȡʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋቉ድɇʶʳʏȷɻ⏋ࡸɻɗɹ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚ͲɲɹɫɻɲȦȴ⏋ɭኽɻᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏
ǵ̫ˡɹᇍ᠌ɭȦȩȋᏳᨆȍɴኽɻɄɞʼɤɩȦʳ⏏ɌȴɌᇍ᠌ɹ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺͠˹͚ͲˁȲɄɲɤɩȦɩ⏋ɗɄɴჼʼʶɩȼʳɹɻ⏋ɛɭȭɽГάɹʭȩɲ⏋޽෵ɲϟᢒɫȡʳ⏏

͹̫ˡɭᦏ᭰ɹᦅᓚ຦̫˪˗˙ͤɭɹᬚɹ਎ߴɲ኏Цᬠѥ⏏ȴʶʰ‫ަؾ‬ɻࢪᯆᇕɴɻɅȼॶ‫ٮ‬ɴɦȷȡɤɩȦʳɹɞȵ⏋̫ˡ‫ަؾ‬ɹЦ᠌ɹ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺̜͠ɴɻ⏋ȋ̫˪˗˙ͤɻੲȦȍȋ̫˪˗˙ͤɻȩʳɇȦȍɭȦɤɛੲ‫ؤ‬ȵᰈᑢɴᇎ‫ݭ‬ɐʳ⏏ჼࡸɻ⏋ɗɹɰɠʰɹ઴঎ȵȋᝠȍɫ⏋ɰɠʰȵȋគȍɞ⏋ɭȦȭʳʭȩɲ‫׬‬ᏤɲႥ໥ɫɻɲȦ⏏

͹̫ˡɹᮾॷೝɴȲȿʳ኏Ц‫׋‬ɹ̺ͦ́˽⏏ኽɹ̲̚ˠɴɻ⏋ᮃЦଘɴʁɭʱɫএɤɩ⏋ᕶՕɹਖ਼ࡎʍɹઠᆧˁযǾɭ߂ުɫ᠝ʳᅖɹࠒȵ៨᪼ɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ȋ⏃ਖ਼ࡎɹ⏆̾˭͡ɻȦɦʚɫʢ᧙ȼɹ೴ˁʈʰʈʰɌɩȦɩ⏋ࢃɴॠɤɩɄɲȦ⏏ທ៊ɻᆖຩɞɹɴȍ⏏ɌȴɌᮾॷೝɴ⏋ɗɹʭȩɴ೴Ǿˁཡʱ๰ȼɹɻ⏋ȴʶʰɴɭɤɩɹᨗұᓔஜɌɹᩂឹɲ̺ͦ́˽ʰɌȦ⏏

͹ᕶး͹ᄩ‫ޅ‬ɴࢪɐʳᬠਕɹ‫ك‬ȿ౅⏏̫ˡɹɴȹʦɲЦ᠌ɹμɴɻ⏋๖ɹʭȩɲ᠌ᰍȵᰈᑢɴᇎ‫ݭ‬ɐʳ⏏ගɫ߂ᢌсɹ̶˙˭⏃ feke; ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳ˳ͻ⏆ɹࡸˁ‫؜‬ɤɩȷɩ⏋ɗʶˁᰩʏɛʰຳɫ೓ȵູʶɛɭȦȩጷȦ᠌⏋კ႒ɹᔀˁᕶՕɴՕȿɩȼʶɲȦȴɭȦȩ᠌⏋᧙ȼɹගɴ᝔ɤɩ⏋ɰ˃ɲɴɛȼɇ˃ɹᜂᜍˁ‫؜‬ɤɛȴɭȦȩ᠌⏋˵̶ˎ⏃safa; ᩃᅊɹ͓͌˓͐⏆ȵȋᅣɴඨȭɩȡʳʭȩɴȍɛȼɇ˃‫؜‬ʶʳගɹ᠌⏏

͹̫ˡ኏Цɭ޺ᨆγᅠɭɹᬠѥ⏏೴ɴ̸̝͡ͻ˸ȵʦɤɩȷɩ⏋ยˁሁɌ⏋᧑ˁঃɁʳɄɭɴɦȦɩɹᠶ៿⏏WWF⏃ȴʶʰɻȋ̝̲̝̲ȍɭᇍᯭɐʳ⏆ɹϺɛɠȵႵჃˁըᭉɌʭ
ȩɭɐʳɄɭɴࢪɐʳయ‫⏏ئ‬ǵɄɄɴȡɁɛɹɻ⏋ኽȵᣱɄɌɛቁȦЦ᠌́̒˹͚Ͳɹμɴᇎ‫ݭ‬ɐʳ⏋ɇɇȦɲϟёɴɐȹɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌɗɹμɴɇȭʢ⏋Ʉɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɫᣱɄɤɩȦʳࡸɴɇʚɊʚɲϟᢒᬚɹ˓Ͳ̊͞˪
247

ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬˹͚Ͳȵឿɩ‫؜‬ʶʳ⏏ɗɄȴʰȦʸȦʸɲ౅‫ك‬ɴ᠌ȵঃɁɩȦȿɗȩɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɄȩȦɤɛᢌ࢏ɲ຦౏᠖ᇕ̚ͻ̊ʢ߂޴ɴᯆᇐȦɹɞȵ⏋ኽɹᖂ٢ɹμਕɻ⏋ȴʶʰ̫ˡ͹̴˫͊ͻɹ኏Цᇕ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹ০઴ɗɹʢɹɴȡʳ⏏᠎ɌȦɄɭˁೆȼᏨ३ɻɄɄɴɻɲȦȵ⏋ȴʶʰɹᇍ᠌ʦ᝔֪ɴȲȿʳෑጩɲԊᴡਸ⏋˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹȋരʰȴɇȍ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛჼᢒɻ⏋Гմ቉ድɌɩȦɛ̫Ͳ̜˕ͻᏙᦅᓚ຦ɭʢ⏋ɗɌɩଂǾ౗ೣϺɭʢȷʼɞɤɩ
ᅵɲʳʢɹɫȡʳ␩ೠ೴ǵ2000; Kimura 2001␭⏏ჼ‫⏋ܧ‬Ц᠌ˁμਕɭɐʳ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹ
቉ድɻ⏋ៜ᠝࡝ʦ኏Ц࡝ɞȿɫɻɲȼ⏋᠗ሾዀ࡝⏋Ϻूሾᔨ቉ድɭȦɤɛՕᩃɫʢ߂ȷȼᇵʱΫȵʱˁឿɓɩȦʳȵ⏋̫ˡɹЦ᠌෯ᦶɹϟёɻ⏋ɗɄɴȡʳዛɹ˓Ͳ̮˪̜ˁήȭȩʳɹɫɻɲȦȴɭᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏
ǵኽɹ‫⏋غݭ‬Ц᠌ɭȦȩᏳᨆȴʰᐨɹᇿˁঃɁɩȦȼɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋̫ˡɭȦȩϺǾɹȦʳ‫ݭ‬ɹϟ੻ȵɞ˃ɞ˃ɭʼȴɤɩȼʳ⏏ɗɌɩɗɄɴᅊᣱɐʳɇʚɊʚɲჼᢒɹᬚɹሂϣсᅎˁ⏋႕ࡴɹ̚ˑ˹̺͠ͲɴɄɞʼʳɄɭɲȼ៨ᦚɌɩȦȼ̺ͦ́˽ɹɲȴɫ⏋Ȳɹɑȴʰᬠਕɹዷᬚᇕ͹ಁᬚᇕঃȵʱȵɫɩȼʳ⏏ɗʶȵᤄɧȿᇕɴ⏋⏃ኽɲʱɹ⏆ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȍɭ٧ɽʶʳɄɭɴɲʳɹɞ⏏ɗȩᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏

4ȅȶߓఘȷ͈ܱ੆ǵኜɻᏳᨆɴȋʢȍࢆʳɭᓒȭʳɹɫ⏋ΫɹʭȩɴೆȦɛɹɞȵ⏋ɌȴɌɗʶȵሎɴࢆʱȩʳɛʠɴɻ⏋Ȧȼɦȴɹ̩ͻ̝͡ȵࡔ‫ܧ‬ɐʳɞʸȩ⏏ГάɄɹ‫ک‬ᰍɴɦȦɩ⏋ኽᕶ᤹ɹᐁᱻˁȦȼɦȴᦚʏɩʛɛȦ⏏
ǵኽȵ೎՟ɴϺᰖ࡝ɹ̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ˁȲɄɲɤɛɹɻ⏋ϴ߂ჿ࡝ᨆ͹Ϻᰖᦽ‫׋‬ᠶ቉ድࡻɹѹަᠩዐɴԂ࡝Ɍɛɭȷɞɤɛ⏏য়ಁɻˏ̶͠ˡɫᠭീˁȲɄɲȩɹɻ‫ަ׭‬ᠩዐɴԂɤɩȴʰɫ⏋ѹަಁБɻ‫ܕ‬Ԓɹᠭീɫᐁᱻˁዩʛ⏋ѹަᠶయˁʚɭʠʳɭȦȩɹȵᦲ।ɹ˱ͻ˽ɞɤɛ⏏ȦʸȦʸᦜɤɛȡɁȼᠭീɴԂɤɛɹɻ⏋ᵭӻऄላ̜ˡ͞՞ऄɹΥࢸᮐऄɞɤɛ⏏ɗɹᦏȼɹऄɴɻ⏋࡝ᨆᅊಁБɴᩃᅊ‫׋‬ႌɹᠭീɫ៮ʶɛɄɭȵȡɤɛɹɞ⏏࡝ᨆ 2 ‫܌‬ᅊʚɫధ࡝ˁਚ೚ɌɩȦɛኽɻ⏋ో᝔ɴɇȭʢȡʚʱ᝔ɤɛɄɭȵɲȼ⏋ࢸɇɲऄɹԊ‫ؾ‬кɫȲɄʳɄɭɻʛɲృ᳞ɞɤɛ⏏೎՟ɹл঎ȴɹᠭീɫឿᓬȷɌ⏋ઢɍɛɄɭˁʚɭʠɩ⏋M1 ɹᏺʼʱɴ̄͊ɫᇍᝠɌɛ⏏ɌȴɌᐄഗɻઊૢɛʳʢɹɞɤɛ⏏ɞ˃ɞ˃ɭؒ֓ᓔɹ໶ઝȵతྷɴɲʱ⏋ȡȼʃˁɐʳϺʢՏɩȷɛ⏏ΥᅱɄɛȭɛɹɻ๖ɹʭȩɲଫ៿ɞɤɛ⏏ȋɗ˃ɲɄɭ⏋౗ೣɹᅒᖇɴ᝔ȿɽɰɄɫʢȡʳɄɭɍʤɲȦɹ⏱ȍ⏏
ǵኽɴɻᯆᇐȼਲ਼ȭɛϟࡸɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ɹӴ᧒ɛɠɹᇿɴɻȋȡɛʱʚȭɹɄɭȍɭɌȴ౱ʰɲȴɤɛ⏏ɗʶɻɓȦɕȦኽᕶ᤹ɹᐁᱻɹࢹɲɇ⏋֧৔έ᣸⏋ɗȩȦɤɛɄɭɹ‫ؙ‬౱ɫɌȴɲȴɤɛʼȿɫȡʳ⏏ኽɻᘺɠᦉʛ⏋Ɍɽʰȼ቉ድࡻɴᰑˁՏɐຩɴʢɲʰɲȴɤɛ⏏
ϺˁᯆᇐȵʰɓʳɴɻɰȩɐʶɽʭȦɹȴ⏏лɭȴɌɲȿʶɽ⏋ɭਲ਼Ȧࡴʠ⏋M2 ɹ޷ɴʢȩ248ೠ೴⏧ኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȴ⏱Υ঎̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴཡɤɛ⏏ዺቑ‫ؤ‬ɴɲɤɛɹɻ⏋ȋᠨɭᠨȵΥᐷɴȦɩ⏋лȴˁɌɩȦɛȍɭȦȩ̚ͻ̊ɞɤɛ⏏ᰰʛЦ⏋ᮃᘺɹԊ‫ؾ‬с෌⏋ᩑʱ⏋ऄɹࢸ኏ЦɴȲȦɩɻɗȩȦɤɛᮃʚʱȵ౗Ǿᰈᑢɴ০сʰʶʳ⏏ɗɹᮃʚʱɹ෯ଁɹɌȴɛɴ⏋Ʉɹ኏Цɹ႕ਐȵ৔ȼ‫ؙ‬౱ɇʶɩȦʳ⏋ɗȩȦȩ‫׵‬ᢒˁʢɤɩȦɛɹɞȵ⏋ɗʶˁԍкᇕɲ০ɫኍɐਖឹȵȡɤɛ⏏ኽᕶ᤹ȵᮃʠɛ̚ͻ̊ɭ⏋ГմɄɹऄɫᠭീˁɌɛആ߂ɹϺᰖᅊ઴࡝ɹϺɛɠȴʰʢʰɤɛ̚ͻ̊ˁȡʼɓɩՕഓɐʳɭ⏋ɲ˃ɭȴʢɹȵៜȭʳʭȩɴɲɤɩȷɛ⏏ѹަᠶయ␩ೠ೴ǵ1987␭ɹμ൒ɭɲʳ˽̜ͻ͠ͻȵ༝ȴ˃ɞɹɻ⏋ѹަ቉ድɹᇍᝠɹ౗ɹ೛⏋Ʉɛɦɹμɫʖ˃ʦʱɭ⏋யȷΫɁɛ̅˹ˠ˫͌͞ˁሖʠɩȦɛಁɹɄɭɞɤɛ⏃‫׶‬᭝ɲɹɫʚɷɌɲȦɫȼɞɇȦ⏆.
ǵȿɤȷʬȼኽȵೡၓɞɤɛɹɻ⏋ȡʳ⏃ᕶՕɴɭɤɩ⏆ృߏɲȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɴՏȴȿɩ⏋ɗɄɫឿɛɄɭˁ៨ᦚɌ⏋ɗʶɞȿɫ቉ድɴɲʳɭਲ਼ɤɛɭȦȩဣ⏋ɗɌɩ⏋лȵȦʚɹ࡝‫ک‬ᇕႥ໥ɹɲȴɫ‫ک‬ᰍɭɲɤɩȦʳɄɭɲɹȴ⏋ɭȦȩሾᡫˁ୫ɠ‫غ‬ʼɓɩɲȴɤɛɭȦȩဣɴȡɤɛɭȦȭʳɞʸȩ⏏ኽɹ̄͊ᇍᝠɻ⏋ᬚ᧓ɤɛϟࡸˁᦚʏɩȦɛʼȿɫɻɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌȋ๭ɌȦȍ៨ᦚɭȋᯆᇐȦȍ៨ᦚɻ᧓ȩɹɫȡʳ⏏̆ɄȩȦɤɛႥ໥ɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ɹ̜ͤͻ̢Ͳ˫ˁࠃʠɛϺɴɭɤɩɻ⏋ȴɲʱԊᦲɌɛкᱻɫɻɲȦȴɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ȋɗ˃ɲɄɭ⏋ɰɄɴɫʢȡʳɄɭɍʤɲȦɹ⏱ȍȋɫ⏋лȵᯆᇐȦʼȿ⏱ȍɗȩȦɤɛ˱͍Ͳ̜ɴዺȷᘺɭɇʶ⏋ɗɄȴʰɻȦΫȵɤɩɻɍʠɩ⏋Ϻɻ̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻˡͻɴɲʳɹɞ⏏
ǵ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɴȲȦɩɻ⏋Ʉʶɻɭȼɴ໶ઝɌɩȲȦɩȦȦɄɭɞɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ɭȦȩɹɻ⏋ȋ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȍɭȦȩៜᘽɴৄȷɑʰʶ⏋ᕶՕȵȡʳȋ‫ݖܩ‬ȍɴഀɩȦʳɭȦȩɄɭɴ࡫зɌ⏋ɗɄɫឿɛჼᢒˁɛ˃ɴ៨ᦚɐʳɞȿɫ቉ድȵɫȷɩɌʚȩɭȦȩ᪻ៅɴ᭒ʱʦɐȦȴʰɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɄɹʭȩɴ⏋ɛɞ‫׬‬ɴȋԍкȍˁ៨ᦚɌɛɞȿɫɻ⏋ЇϟɴɲʰɲȦɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ɌȴɌਸ਼Ȧɫɦȿ֓ȭɩȲȴɷɽɲʰɲȦɹɻ⏋‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȴʰȋԍкȍˁ‫؜‬ʱؑɤɩɌʚɤɛʰ⏋ɗɄɴ๿ʳɹɻዷᆂɲᡴᠶɫɌȴɲȦɞʸȩ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭɫȡʳ⏏ԍкɹʢɦ֐ɴɦȦɩᓒȭʳɭȷȦɦʢਲ਼ȦՏɐɹɻ⏋౵ॷϭȼɲʰʶɛРᢆᏤΥᨀӴᅊɹ᠌Ɍɩȼʶɛ˛̴̅ͻ̝ɫȡʳ⏏
᠎ᏳɻៅȭɩȦɲȦȵ⏋̩ͩ˓ȴɰɄȴɫᓑ‫׋‬ɴᬠɐʳ˹Ͳͅ˻˗͌ȵᬖȴʶ⏋РᢆӴᅊʢ୛৺ɇʶɛɹɞɗȩɞ⏏ɗɄɫȋኻɴɻᅖਸ́͐͡Ͳȵ৔ȼᬠήɌɩȦʳȍɭȦȩᇍᝠȵȲɄɲʼʶɛ⏏ȋɗɹɭȷѿȵɇɤɭଝˁ୲Ɂɩȏ̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɻᮇȵኻɁʳɫȑៜȩɛʰ⏋ɗȦɦɻȽɤɭ᠋ʚʱʭɤɩɲȍ⏋РᢆӴᅊɻጷȦɲȵʰ᠌ɌɩȦɛ⏏ȲɗʰȼϺᬚɹኻɴɻᅖਸ́͐͡ͲɻᬠήɌɩȦʳɹɞʸȩɌ⏋РᢆӴᅊʢɗȩਲ਼ɤɩȦɲȴɤɛʼȿɫɻɲȦɞʸȩ⏏ɌȴɌɗɹᇍᝠɹ‫ݭ‬ɴȲȦɩ⏋ȋᮇȵኻɁʳȍɭȦȩ⏋̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɴཉȼᬠʼɤɛ቉ድᓔɫɌȴሾʰɲȦɫȡʸȩϟࡸɻ⏋ᇍᝠᓔɹៜᘽˁ᠋ʚʰɓʳ৔Ȧ֐ˁ୫ɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏ɗɹϟࡸˁᡴᠶɴ‫؜‬ʱᦉʞɴɻ⏋̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɭϺᬚɹ́͐͡ͲᏙɹӈȷ౅ȵ᧓Ȧ⏋ȡʳȦɻພ൓Ᏻᔟɹઢ‫؝‬ਸȵᅵɲʱ⏋ɭȦɤɛɇʰɴ޽ȼɹϟࡸˁʢɤɩࢪ଻ɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦȴʰɞ⏏ȋɫʢ⏋ȡɗɄɹϺɛɠɻɄȩȦȩɄɭˁɌɭʳɫȍ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛԍкɹரኍɻ⏋ᇑΨៜɹᡴᠶˁʁɤ
249ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ȼʱᦐɐ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻˡͻɹ೎߂ɹ਄႒ɲɹɞ⏏

5ȅ̤ȁͩȁͤȁͅǵȋኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȍɭȦȩៜᘽˁᏗ‫ؤ‬ɭɌɩ⏋‫ݖܩ‬቉ድˁʠȽɤɩ౗᯴ᓒȭɩȦʳɄɭˁ⏋ȡʚʱʚɭʚʱɲȼೆȷɦɧɤɩȷɛ⏏ɄɄɫೆȦɛɹɻ⏋቉ድዀɴԂ࡝ɌɩȷɛϺɛɠɴ⏋ᡙᒶʦᗮᰰʛ᠌ɹफ़ɫʭȼ᠌ɌɩȦʳϟനɫȡʳ⏃ɌȴɌȦȼʰ‫ؤ‬ɫ᠌Ɍɩʢ⏋ᕶՕɫʦɤɩʛɲȦɭᐄ࣌ɻ᤹ɴɦȴɲȦɹɞʸȩɲ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭʢȦɦʢਲ਼ɤɩȦʳ⏆⏏ᕶጓɌɛ቉ድᓔɴɭɤɩɻံᅎɲᠦ໬ɞɤɛȴʢɌʶɲȦ⏏
ǵɄɄɫᦚʏɛ˪̘͠ˑͻ˪ɹሼɻ⏋ʢɠʸ˃ኽᕶ᤹ɴʢᦐɤɩȼʳʢɹɞɭȦȩɄɭˁᕶៅɌɦɦ⏋ᯆᇐȦჼᢒˁ୼ʚȭ⏋ɗʶˁϺɴʢᯆᇐȦɭਲ਼ɤɩʢʰȩ⏋ɗȩȦȩЇϟˁɌɩȦȷɛȦʢɹɞɭᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏
֨ȁဥȁ໲ȁࡃೠ೴߂໠⏏1987⏏ȋࢸᮃ܎኏ЦɴȲȿʳȏᮃʚʱȑɹ෯ଁŅ̜ˡ͞՞ऄɹϟёŅȍȏ࡚՘Ϻᰖ࡝ȑ18(2):172-216⏏
㨋㨋㨋㨋⏏2000⏏ȋୟతᇕЦ᠌‫ݭ‬ɭሂϣᦐ၇ᇕϜೝȍࣩᅒᒭಚᅖ͹Ϊऩ‫׭‬ψ͹иǾೠ๭Ϻᑂȏbit աԕ᤹кਸɭ˱Ͳ̴͖ͻ̊ȑԊጓՏႆ⏋233-245⏏
㨋㨋㨋㨋⏏2001⏏ȋȏ᠝ʳ᤹кɹ຦౏᠖Ņ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳɹᅊ༎γᅠ⏃1⏆ȑȏЦ᠌ɹϺᰖ࡝Ņ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳɹ
ᅊ༎γᅠ⏃2⏆ȑ⏃ᘓ؅‫ࡘٮ‬ᘿ⏆ೆ៿ȍȏˏ̶͠ˡ቉ድȑ58: 95-98.
Kimura, D. 2001. Utterance Overlap and Long Silence among the Baka Pygmies: Comparison with Bantu
Farmer and Japanese University Students, African Study Monographs, Supplementary Issue 26: 103-121.
ᢆाҫΥ⏏1980⏏ȏኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩŅ‫ؿܩ‬ɭ຦ѯ࡝ȑϺయೆ᭏⏏

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