Major Groups and Stakeholders Asia Pacific Meeting 2011
Asia – Pacific Regional Preparatory Meeting for the UN Conference on
Sustainable Development 2012
アジア太平洋地域メジャーグループ＆ステークホルダー会議 2011
国連持続可能な開発会議 2012 年のためのアジア 太平洋地域準備会合"The Road to Rio 2012: Charting Our Path”
Context and Objectives

背景と目的

1. The Major Groups and Stakeholders Asia Pacific Meeting 2011 was held from 17–18
October 2011, immediately prior to the Asia–Pacific Regional Preparatory Committee
Meeting for the Earth Summit 2012 on 19-20 October. Discussions in the meeting wereorganized under four themes, namely: (1) Regional and Sub-regional priorities andemerging challenges, (2) Green economy in the context of sustainable development andpoverty eradication, (3) Institutional framework for sustainable development, and (4)Access to information, public participation and environmental justice (Principle 10 of the
Rio Declaration 1992).
アジア太平洋地域メジャーグループ＆ステークホルダー会議 2011 は、10 月 19-20 日の地球サ
ミット 2012 年のアジア太平洋地域準備委員会会議の直前、2011 年 10 月、17〜18 日の間に開催された。
論点は 4 つのテーマで構成された：（1）地域とサブ地域の優先課題と新たな課題（2）持続可能な開発と貧困撲滅の文脈でグリーン経済（3）持続可能な開発のための制度的枠組み（4）情報へのアクセス、一般市民の参加と環境正義（1992 年リオの 10 原則）

2. The UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 (Rio+20) provides a critical andtimely platform for governments at the highest level to secure renewed politicalcommitment for sustainable development. Since 1992 the ecological crisis has worsened
and the world has experienced a series of financial shocks and crises. Income and social
inequalities have escalated even as high economic growth took place in several countries.
There was a commitment to a paradigm shift towards sustainable development, but thishas remained elusive.
国連持続可能な開発に関する会議 2012 年（リオ+20）は、持続可能な開発のための新たな政治的コミットメントを確保するために最高レベルの政府へ重要かつタイムリーなプラットフォー
ムを提供する。 1992 年以来生態系の危機は悪化し、世界は金融ショックと危機の連続を経験している。高い経済成長がいくつかの国で起こったのだが、収入と社会的不平等はエスカレー
トしている。そこに持続可能な開発に向けたパラダイムシフトへのコミットメントがあったが、これは未だ達成困難である。

3. While the environmental dimension of sustainable development has remained weak, theeconomic dimension characterised by excessive market liberalisation, privatisation andderegulation has resulted in instabilities in the global financial system and a continuing
unfair trade system. As we head towards Rio 2012, employment and livelihoods are underthreat, while the rights of women, indigenous peoples, youth and other vulnerable groups
continue to be marginalised.
持続可能な開発の、環境的側面が低調だった一方で、過度の市場の自由化、民営化と規制緩和によって特徴付けられる経済的側面は、グローバルな金融システムと継続的な不公正な貿易シ
ステムに不安定性をもたらした。リオ+2012 に向かう現在も、女性、先住民、若者やその他の弱者の権利が疎外され続け、雇用と生活は脅威にさらされている。

4. The Rio+20 Conference should therefore honestly appraise the implementation of thesustainable development commitments and action plans, and identify the gaps andobstacles, to ensure the transformation of the economic, social and ecological dimensions
and their effective integration. This needs to take place at the local, national, regional andinternational levels.
リオ+20 は、持続可能な開発のコミットメント及び行動計画の実施を正直に評価し、現実とのギャップや障害を特定し、経済的、社会的及び生態学的な次元の変換とその効果的な統合を保証する必要がある。これは、地域、国、地域および国際レベルで行われる必要がある。

5. In moving forward towards sustainability that also incorporates the inter-generational
dimension, the best of knowledge systems and innovations need to be galvanised.
Recognising that changes in social values and practices are necessary in addition totechnical solutions, there should be increased, integrated involvement of natural scientists,social scientists, and technologists in helping governments and society to achievesustainable development. Furthermore, there must be recognition and promotion ofindigenous and local knowledge systems and their interface with more formalised
knowledge systems.
世代を意識した持続可能性に向かって前進するため、ベストな知識システムと技術革新を活気づける必要がある。技術的なソリューションに加えて社会の価値観と慣行の変化も必要である
ことを認識した上で、自然科学、社会科学者、および技術者の関与を増やす必要がある。さらに、先住民族と地域の知識システムの認識とプロモーション、より公式な知識システムとの関与がなければならない。

6. The agreed principles of Rio 1992 should accordingly be strongly reaffirmed andimplemented at all levels, in particular common but differentiated responsibilities, theprecautionary principle, the polluter pays principle and Principle 10 on Access toInformation, Public Participation and Environmental Justice.
リオ 1992 年に合意された原則は、強く再確認され、すべてのレベルで実装される必要がある、
特に、共通ではあるが差異のある責任、予防原則、汚染者負担原則、アクセス権利と原則 10、
住民参加と環境正義。

7. Twenty years after the first Rio Earth Summit, positive achievements have been primarily
manifested at local and community levels. At the national, regional and global levels, many
commitments made in Rio remain unfulfilled, and major challenges and gaps persist, evenas new issues and challenges have emerged. Thus, it is felt that Rio+20 must result instrong recommitment to the promises made in 1992. The following issues are among thosethat have yet to be satisfactorily addressed:

リオ地球サミットから 20 年、ローカルやコミュニティレベルでポジティブな成果が出ている。
国家、地域およびグローバルレベルで、リオで行われた多くの公約は実現されないままであり、
大きな課題とのギャップが持続し、新しい問題や課題が浮上している。従って、リオ+20 は1992 年の約束に再度強く公約する必要がある。下記が、十分に対処されていないものである。

-

Promoting sustainable societies that ensure gender equality, democracy, and humanrights.
ジェンダー平等、民主主義、そして人権を保証する持続可能な社会の推奨。

-

Recognising that currently prevailing economic models promote unsustainableconsumption and production patterns, facilitate grossly inequitable economic systems
that fail to eradicate poverty, assist exploitation of natural resources towards the vergeof extinction, and have induced multiple crises on Earth, and need to be replaced bysustainable economies in the community, local, national, regional and international
spheres.
現在主流の経済モデルは持続不可能な消費と生産パターンを促進し、貧困を根絶するのに著
しく失敗する不公正な経済システムを促進し、絶滅の危機に瀕している天然資源の搾取を促進し、そして地球上の複数の危機を誘発している、ということを認識し、持続可能な経済が、
コミュニティ、地域、国家、地域および国際レベルで置き換えられなければならない。

-

Providing appropriate regulatory frameworks and mechanisms that will prevent
unrestrained financial markets from compromising national sovereignty of member
states and that will protect them from the adverse impacts of current and potential
future global financial crisis on the three dimensions of sustainable development.
国家権利は、現在あるいは将来の世界的な金融危機の、持続可能な開発の三つの柱への悪影
響から加盟国を保護する。自由な金融市場が国家権利を損なうことを防止する適切な規制の枠組みやメカニズムを提供する。

-

Addressing the restriction or loss of policy space in developing countries resulting frommultilateral agreements and donor impositions that constrain national development
strategies from being comprehensively nationally owned.
国家開発戦略を制約する多国間協定とドナーの押しつけに起因する開発途上国における政策
範囲の制限、また国家によるその統治の喪失に対処する。

-

Upholding primary responsibilities of states to promote, guide and deliver sustainable
development policies, provide for essential social services, and provide an enabling
environment and financing while recognizing the key role of local governance in
implementation.
ローカルガバナンスの重要な役割を認識しつつ、主に国家の、持続可能な開発政策を促進・導き・実現し、基本的な公共サービスを提供し、環境と金融を提供する責任を支持すること。

-

Recognizing the importance of peoples’ participation, particularly of youth, women andindigenous peoples, providing for their empowerment and relevant, functional
education to support inclusive sustainable development.
市民参加、特に若者、女性や先住民の重要性を認識し、エンパワーメントを提供し、包括的な持続可能な発展を指示する適切で効果的な教育の重要性を認識すること。

-

Addressing challenges and vulnerabilities of the least developed countries and small
island states in the face of manifold threats from globalization and climate change.

グローバル化と気候変動による多面的な脅威に後発開発途上国と小島嶼国が直面している課
題と脆弱性を提起すること。

8. Below are summarized the key issues, challenges and courses of action that have been
identified and affirmed in the Major Groups and Stakeholders’ meeting.
以下にメジャーグループとステークホルダーの会議で特定・断言された主要な問題点、課題の要約と経緯等をまとめている。

Issues, Challenges and Ways Forward

前進するための問題点と課題

On Regional Priorities and Emerging Challenges
地域の優先順位と新たな課題

9. As a diverse region that comprises developing countries, including small island developing
states, land-locked nations and least developed countries, as well as developed countries,
the Asia Pacific region has many common but also particular sub-regional priorities andchallenges.
アジア太平洋地域は、途上国、内陸国及び後発開発途上国、小島嶼を含めた途上国だけでなく、先進国を含む多様な地域として、多くの共通であり、またサブリージョナルでは固有な優先事
項と課題がある。

10. As a region that is home to the largest part of humanity, the right to a life of dignity freefrom conflict and war is integral to sustainable development.
多くの人口が住む地域として、紛争や戦争から自由な、尊厳のある人生の権利は、持続可能な開発に不可欠である。

11. Some regional and sub-regional priorities include:
地域・サブリージョナルの優先課題は、次のとおり。

 Eradication of poverty – while many have been lifted from poverty, the region still has
the most number of people living in poverty.
貧困の撲滅 - 多くが貧困から解消された一方、アジア太平洋地域が依然として世界の貧困層のほとんどを構成している。

 Capacity to respond to natural disasters and impacts of climate change, including
monitoring, surveillance and alert systems; emergency responses; disaster risk
reduction and adaptation to climate change.
緊急時対応- 災害リスクの軽減と気候変動への適応を監視、監視およびアラートシステムを含む、気候変動の自然災害とその影響への対応•容量。

 Conservation and sustainable use of depleting natural resources and biodiversity,
including by indigenous peoples and local communities in managing forest, land andwater resources, and in the practice of sustainable agriculture.

枯渇している天然資源と生物多様性の保全と持続可能な利用、先住民族と地域社会を森林、土地や水資源の管理、また持続可能な農業の実践に含むこと。

 Specific circumstances of small island developing states in the Pacific highlighting the
crucial importance of marine resources management and governance, within andbeyond national jurisdictions, (including EEZs) necessary for the survival of the people
in these islands.
太平洋の小島嶼開発途上国の固有の状況、国の管轄の内外（EEZs を含む）海洋資源管理とガバナンスの決定的な重要性を強調、それは、これらの島々の人々の生存に必要。

 More equitable distribution of income and natural resources, particularly land.
収入と天然資源のより公平な分配、特に土地。

 Stronger national policies that protect and promote food sovereignty in the face ofcompeting resource use (e.g., land for biofuels).
競合する資源利用（例えば、バイオ燃料用の土地）において食糧主権を保護し促進する、より強力な国の政策。

 Need for food self-sufficiency policies and regulation that would reduce reliance on
imports, as well as support and incentives for sustainable food production practices.
食料自給政策と輸入への依存度を減尐させる規制、また持続可能な食料生産の実践のためのインセンティブとサポートの必要性。

 Regulation at the international, regional and national levels with effective enforcement
mechanisms to ensure corporate social responsibility, accountability and transparency.
企業の社会的責任、説明責任と透明性を確保するために効果的な国際、地域および国家レベ
ルでの執行メカニズムと規制。

 Stronger regulation on foreign investments related to natural resources to protect therights of indigenous peoples, impoverished and marginalized peoples, and theenvironment.
先住民族、疲弊して取り残された人々の権利と環境を保護するための、天然資源に関連する
外国投資の規制の強化。

 Compliance with trans-boundary agreements to ensure equitable sharing of resources,
particularly water.
資源、特に水、の公平な共有を確保する越境協定の遵守。

 Protection and promotion of community access and control of all natural resources,
which are vital for impoverished and disadvantaged communities.
貧しく恵まれない地域社会にとって重要な、すべての天然資源への、コミュニティのアクセ
スと制御の、保護と促進。

 Honoring the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in national policies
and laws.
国の政策や法律で先住民族の権利に関する国連宣言を称える。

 Safeguarding natural resources (including agriculture, forests, ancestral lands, waters,
oceans) against commodification and privatization.
商品化と民営化に対する天然資源（農業、森林、先祖伝来の土地、水、海洋を含む）の保護。

 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for environmentally-sound disposal of toxic
substances and wastes, and enforcement of international regulations on toxic
substances and wastes, in particular hazardous substances is required to avoid theadverse impacts on communities and the environment.
環境保全型有害物質と廃棄物に関する拡大生産者責任（EPR）、中毒性のある物質と廃棄物の処分の国際的な規制の執行、特に有害物質に対しては、社会や環境への悪影響を避けるた
めに必要である。

 Creation of local employment and recognition of labor rights to address population
mobility and increasing urbanization.
人口移動と都市化に対処するための労働者の権利の認識と地元の雇用づくり。

 Global, regional and sub-regional systems based on science to engage communities and
CSOs in community-based monitoring and sharing of data related to impacts on thethree dimensions of sustainability, including inter alia chemicals and nuclear emissions.
•持続可能性の三つの柱への影響関連するデータの、コミュニティベースでのモニタリングとの共有に地域社会と市民社会を関与させる、グローバル、地域、サブリージョナルな科学的なシステム。化学物質や核の排出量を含む。

 Involvement of communities and CSOs in the development, implementation andmonitoring of new technologies or techniques.
新しい技術や手法の開発、実施及び監視におけるコミュニティと市民社会の関与。

 Compliance, accountability and transparency of corporations to redress displacements
and other violations of rights against communities and the environment.
•地域社会や環境に対する権利違反を是正する企業のコンプライアンス、説明責任と透明性。

12. Some emerging challenges include:
新たな課題は、次のとおり。

 Worsening income and social inequalities in several developing countries that haveexperienced rapid economic growth, and a trend of social inequity in some developed
countries.

急速な経済成長を経験してきたいくつかの途上国、およびいくつかの先進国における収入と社会的不平等の悪化、社会的不平等の傾向。

 Massive infrastructure projects targeted for the next 10 years, with ecological and social
sustainability as well as economic viability requiring thorough assessment. Several
current large-scale infrastructure projects are already at the centre of controversy.
今後 10 年間を対象とした大規模なインフラプロジェクトは、環境および社会的持続可能性
だけでなく、経済性において徹底的な評価を必要とする。いくつかの現在の大規模なインフ
ラプロジェクトは、論争の中心にある。

 Spread of unsustainable consumption patterns that with growing income disparities
result in the wealthy consuming beyond their needs while the poor lack basic needs.
Unsustainable consumption patterns put additional pressures on natural resources andthe environment as well as lead to new health problems.
所得格差の拡大の結果、貧困層が基本的なものを欠如するなか、富裕層がニーズを超えて消費する持続不可能な消費パターンの拡散。持続不可能な消費パターンは、天然資源と環境への圧力につながるだけでなく、新しい健康上の問題を引き起こす。

 Demographic changes and increased urbanization that result in declining rural
workforce with resultant stresses on food production and security.
人口動態の変化と都市化の進行による、農村労働力の減尐と食糧の生産とセキュリティへの圧迫。

 Critical importance to the region of active promotion and support of sustainable fishingparticularly involving small-scale fishers, in view of the dangerous level of depletion offisheries resources across the region’s seas and oceans.
漁業資源の危険なレベルの枯渇を念頭においた、特に小規模な漁師を含む、持続可能な漁業の積極的な支援と推進が非常に重要。

 Need to ensure faithful and consistent enforcement of the Basel Convention on theControl of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal; bandumping of wastes and toxic chemicals into the marine environment; and ensure proper
management of electronic waste, including efforts towards their reduction and eventual
elimination.
有害廃棄物の国境を越える移動及びその処分に関するバーゼル条約の誠実で一貫性のある実施。海洋環境への廃棄物や有害化学物質の投棄禁止。電子廃棄物の適切な管理、その削減および最終的に撲滅への努力。

On Green Economy in the Context of Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development

貧困撲滅の文脈におけるグリーン経済と持続可能な開発
13. In view of the need for clearer understanding on the concept of “green economy,”
participants reaffirmed sustainable development as the overarching paradigm andcentered discussions on key attributes of sustainable “economies”, viz:"グリーン経済"の概念についてより明確な理解が必要という観点から、参加者は、持続可能な発展という包括的なパラダイムを再確認し、"持続可能な経済"について議論した。



Built on sustainable production and consumption patterns and ensuring all people’s
wellbeing;
持続可能な生産と消費パターンの上に構築されており、すべての人々の健康を確保する。



Democratises access to, ownership and control over productive resources and assets,
particularly for women, and promotes equitable access to opportunities foradvancement and improvement of human and family welfare;
特に女性のための生産資源や資産の制御、所有権とアクセスを民主化し、人・家族の福祉の改善と進歩の機会への公平なアクセスを促進する。

Provides decent work and right livelihoods and ensures that social benefits are
distributed equitably among all peoples;
ディーセントワークと正しいの生計手段を提供し、社会的利益はすべての人々の間で公平に配分されることを保証する。



Fosters citizen participation;
市民参加を育む。

Upholds social justice, human rights, equity, and gender equality;
社会正義、人権、公平、およびジェンダーの平等を掲げる。

Achieves economic sufficiency;
経済的な充足を実現。

Safeguards animal welfare and protects ecosystems;
動物福祉を保証し生態系を保護する。

Ensures agriculture systems and supply chains are sustainable and humane;
農業システムとサプライチェーンの持続性かつ人道性を保証Regulates financial markets and holds firms accountable for the social andenvironmental impacts of their operations.
金融市場を管理し、企業が業務による社会的・環境的な影響への責任を持つ。

14. Governments in Rio 1992 agreed to reform existing patterns of consumption andproduction in pursuit of sustainable development objectives, recognising the link between
poverty and unsustainable production and consumption patterns. However, more
attention has been given to environmentally friendly production than on consumption
patterns. High economic growth in the region has been accompanied by unsustainableconsumption patterns. A more rational pattern of consumption is needed to ensure a morerational pattern of production. Consumption patterns are in turn highly influenced by the
distribution of incomes across and within countries.
1992 年に政府はリオで、貧困と持続不可能な生産と消費のパターンの間のリンクを認識し、持続可能な開発目標に向けて消費と生産の既存のパターンを改革することに合意した。しかし、
消費パターンよりも、環境にやさしい生産へより多くの注目が与えられている。アジア太平洋
地域の高い経済成長は持続不可能な消費パターンを伴って実現している。より合理的な消費パ

ターンは、より合理的な生産パターンを確実にするために必要とされている。消費パターンは国内での所得配分に非常に影響される。

15. Due to the unequal distribution of world incomes, an inordinately large share of goods andservices produced are targeted for those with purchasing power. On the other hand, thepoor who have great unmet needs but limited capacity to pay lack basic goods and services
such as housing, clean water, sanitation, heath services, basic education and food. Solutions
cannot be found in the market mechanisms, but must be provided in public policy andgovernment actions. Governments must ensure universal access to basic health, education,
sanitation, and other essential services, removing all social and cultural barriers that
discriminate against minorities including on the basis of age, sexuality, ethnicity, caste,
disability and gender.
世界の所得の不平等な配分のために、生産される財やサービスの異常に大きなシェアは購買力を持つ層を対象とされている。一方、大きな満たされないニーズを持つ貧困層は、住宅、きれ
いな水、衛生、保健サービス、基礎教育や食料など基本的な商品やサービスを購入するキャパシティーを欠如する。市場メカニズムで解決策を見つけることはできないが、公共政策と政府のアクションによって提供される必要がある。政府は、尐数派(年齢、性別、民族、カースト、
障害や性別などを含む)を差別する、すべての社会的、文化的な障壁を取り除き、基本的な保健、教育、衛生、および他の必要不可欠なサービスへのユニバーサルアクセスを確保する必要がある。

16. Economy and economic life must be defined not in the narrow sense of efficiently allocating
scarce resources, but as the range of processes, activities, relations and structures involvedin and affecting the provisioning for human life in all its fullness, integrity and dignity.
These include not only those involved in “production” as commonly understood, but also
activities, processes, relations and structures in what is termed “social reproduction,”
rendered primarily through the unrecognized and un(der)valued labor of women.
経済と経済生活は、希尐な資源を効率的に配分する狭い意味で定義されるのではなく、人の人
生の膨満感、インテグリティー、尊厳の提供に影響するプロセス、活動、関係、そして構造が関わる範囲として定義する必要がある。これらは一般的に理解される"生産"にかかわるものでなく、"社会的再生産”と呼ばれる、主に女性による認識されない正当に評価されていない労働によるプロセス、関係や構造が含まれる。

17. Technological fixes alone will not solve environmental problems that are consequences ofsocial and economic factors. Fundamental issues such as access, intellectual property
rights (IPR), and assessment of the potential impacts of new and untested technologies (e.g.,
geo-engineering, ocean fertilization, etc.) before they are released in the environment anddeployed commercially must be addressed in the development and transfer of technologies.
技術的な修正だけでは社会的、経済的要因の結果である環境問題を解決することはできない。
そのようなアクセス、知的財産権（IPR）、およびそれらが環境に放出され、商業的に配備される前に、新しくテストされていない技術の潜在的な影響（例えば、地球工学、海洋施肥等）の評価などの基本的な問題に対処する必要がある。

18. Opposition was expressed against nuclear energy, mega-dams and agrofuel plantations;instead, governments are called upon to scale up public financing to provide wide access torenewable energy.

原子力エネルギー、巨大ダムやアグロ燃料プランテーションに対する反対、が表明された。政府は再生可能エネルギーへの幅広いアクセスを提供するために公的資金をスケールアップすることが求められる。

19. Opposition was similarly raised against the privatisation and commodification of natureand ecosystem functions that lead to further marginalization of communities.
社会のさらなる疎外につながる自然と生態系機能の民営化と商品化に対しても反対が提起された。

20. There is need to uphold food sovereignty to address the global food crisis. Communities
should have the right to determine their patterns of food production and consumption, andfarmers should be able to prioritise food production for domestic consumption.
Governments must support small-scale farmers, including women, as they form the heart ofsustainable food production systems and along with their families, are the primary objectsof rural development.
世界的な食糧危機に対処する食料主権の維持の必要がある。コミュニティは、食料生産と消費パターンを決定する権利を持つべきであり、農家は国内消費用の食糧の生産を優先させることができるべきである。農村開発の主要部である、女性を含む小規模農家は、その家族とともに持続可能な食料生産システムの心臓部を形成するため、政府は彼らをサポートする必要がある。

21. The pursuit of sustainable development in the rural areas must aim at the optimum balance
between rural and urban development, with the view towards avoiding problems attendant
to excessive rural-urban migration. Efforts to promote sustainable cities via green
infrastructure, improved waste management, access to sustainable sanitation and urban
food sufficiency are likewise important, but need to be mindful of this rural-urban balancethat is determined, among other things, by environmental carrying capacities.
農村地域における持続可能な開発の追求は、農村 - 都市への過度な人口移動による問題を回避する視点で、農村と都市開発の最適なバランスを目指す必要がある。緑のインフラ、改良された廃棄物管理、持続可能な衛生へのアクセスと都市の食糧自給を介して持続可能な都市を促進するための努力は重要であるが、環境のキャパシティー等で決定される都市－農村のバランスに留意する必要がある。

22. Financing sustainable development and a just transition to sustainable economies requires
significant public financing, financial and technology transfer from more endowed to lessendowed countries, private sector investments that are productive and non-speculative innature, and fair and innovative modes of taxation, including a financial transaction tax.
持続可能な開発と持続可能な経済への公正な移行のためには、資金調達、公的融資、より恵まれた国からより恵まれていない国への金融と技術の移転、民間セクターの生産的で自然に非投機的な投資、金融取引税を含む公正かつ革新的な課税が必要。

23. Market-based mechanisms that permit developed countries to avoid the delivery ofcommitments to deep cuts in their greenhouse gas emissions and pass on such obligations
through the markets must be reconsidered.

先進国が市場を通じて温室効果ガス排出量の大幅削減へのコミットメントの実現を回避し、義務を逃れることができる市場メカニズムは再検討する必要がある。

24. Governments must provide enabling policies for promoting sustainable economies as animportant impetus to eradicate poverty reduction and achieve sustainable development.
Governments must also examine fiscal policies and economic instruments to promotemeasures conducive to promoting sustainable development, and remove measures
detrimental to such objectives including those that subsidize fossil fuel use and support
inefficient resource use and economic activities.
政府は貧困削減を撲滅し、持続可能な開発を達成するための重要な推進力として、持続可能な経済を促進する政策を有効に提供する必要がある。政府はまた、持続可能な開発の促進に資す
る財政政策と経済的手段を推進する施策を検討し、化石燃料の使用を補助し非効率的な資源利用と経済活動をサポートするなどの有害な措置を削除する必要がある。

25. Governments need to establish regional and inter-regional programmes for supporting
capacity development in support of sustainable development. These must inherently
involve mechanisms that promote the active participation of stakeholder groups andorganisations to exchange good practices and expertise and to support pilot projects,
research work, human resource development including training and education, andnetwork activities within and across countries.
政府は、持続可能な開発に向けて能力開発を支援するため、地域と地域間のプログラムを確立する必要がある。これらは本質的にグッドプラクティスやノウハウを交換し、国内および国家間のパイロットプロジェクト、研究活動、研修や教育を含む人材育成、およびネットワークの活動を支援するステークホルダーグループや団体の積極的な参加を促進するメカニズムを伴う必要がある。

26. Stronger partnerships among governments, civil society organisations, private businesses
and stakeholder groups must be established for promoting sustainable economies. Suchpartnerships need to be within frameworks of accountability and transparency including
regulation. In line with this, research institutes, educational institutions and otherstakeholder groups are enjoined to support good practice case studies and promote
dissemination of information on such good practices for promoting sustainable economies
in the context of poverty eradication and sustainable development.
持続可能な経済を促進するために、政府、市民社会、民間企業とのステークホルダー間でさらに強力なパートナーシップを確立する必要がある。このようなパートナーシップは、規制を含めた説明責任と透明性のある枠組みである必要がある。これとともに、研究機関、教育機関および他のステークホルダーは、貧困撲滅と持続可能な開発の文脈で持続可能な経済を促進する
ために、優良な事例を支持し、グッドプラクティスの事例研究に関する情報の普及を促進する。

27. As young people make up more than 40 per cent of the world’s unemployed, governments
must provide children, adolescents and youth with education, training and opportunities
for the active participation in economic, political, social and cultural life; promote youth
employment rights, and security to prevent their marginalisation and social exclusion; andchild labour by addressing the conditions that lead to it.

若者は世界の失業者の 40％以上を構成しており、政府は、子ども、青年と若年に、安全保障、教育、および経済的・政治的・社会的・文化的な生活への積極的な参加の訓練と機会を提供する必要がある。若者の雇用権利を促進し、彼らの疎外と社会的排除を防止し、児童労働とそれにつながる条件に対応する必要がある。

28. Finally, disaggregated indicators to monitor and assess sustainable economies need to be
developed, not based on GDP, but on people’s wellbeing, inclusiveness, social equity, humanrights, gender equality, decent work, biodiversity and ecological footprint.
最後に、持続可能な経済を監視し評価するために、GDP ではなく、人々の健康、包括性、社会的公正、人権、ジェンダーの平等、働きがいのある人間らしい仕事、生物多様性とエコロジカ
ルフットプリントに基づいた指標が開発される必要がある。

On the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development (IFSD)
持続可能な開発のための制度的枠組み（IFSD）について

29. The IFSD should implement the agreed sustainable development commitments and actions
at the international, regional, sub-regional levels and national levels with broad public
participation in the various bodies and in decision-making. The three dimensions ofsustainable development must be strengthened (or transformed where necessary) andclosely integrated. The framework must:••••

Promote accountability and legitimacy
Improve coordination and synergies among sectors, actors and levels
Ensure coherence, complementarity, effectiveness and efficiency
Guarantee meaningful public participation.

30. There is need to transform the Commission on Sustainable Development into a Council on
Sustainable Development under the General Assembly to integrate the work of disparate
multilateral bodies working on each of the three dimensions of sustainable development,
including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade
Organisation. The body must have strong technical support, an independent secretariat anddedicated budget.
31. In support of the IFSD, and in recognition of the continuing weakness of the environmental
pillar in the existing IFSD structure, significant strengthening of international
environmental governance is needed to deal with the evolving scale and scope ofenvironmental issues and challenges. As the entity with the primary responsibility for the
global environment, UNEP should be upgraded and provided with adequate resources for
its work. The institutions and work of the numerous multilateral environmental
agreements need to be further coordinated within the context of integrating the 3
dimensions of sustainable development.
32. Strengthening of the environmental dimension must come alongside transformation of theeconomic dimension to make it supportive of the two other dimensions, rather thanoverwhelm them. In particular, this transformation needs to be geared toward preventionof the occurrence of more financial and economic debacles, which cause much social

dislocation and environmental degradation. The UN must also take a direct hand ineconomic and financial policy-making and act as an effective counterbalance to the
traditional dominant global economic and financial bodies.
33. At the regional level, corresponding sustainable development bodies could be established.
Sub-regional analogs could also be created where size and diversity of the region warrant it,such as in the Asia-Pacific.
34. At the national level, governments must establish multistakeholder councils for sustainable
development (NCSDs) where absent, and strengthen them where already existing. NCSDs
must coordinate planning, policy making, issues resolution, and reporting to thecorresponding sub-regional/regional and global sustainable development bodies to ensurevertical coherence from implementation levels to the global level.
35. Local authorities are closest to the ground and directly serve the people. They must be givena responsibility and be involved in decision-shaping that concerns in particular sustainable
development.
36. To be effective, the national sustainable development councils should be (a) organized at
highest possible level, i.e., chaired by the Head of State/Government; (b) lodged with anappropriate coordinating body such Office of the Prime Minister or Planning Ministry; (c)composed of relevant ministries and major groups/stakeholders including local authorities;and (d) institutionally stable by virtue of a strong legal mandate and endowed with adedicated budget.
37. The above proposals are initial steps to start fundamental changes that are necessary tomeet the challenges of the 21st century. In the long term this may include updating theCharter of the UN.
On Access to Information, Public Participation and Environmental Justice

情報へのアクセス、住民参加と環境正義について
38. As stipulated in Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,
access to environmental information, participation in decision-making and judicial
proceedings over environmental matters are a critical part of the policy and institutionalframework for achieving sustainable development. Thus the policies on access toenvironmental information, participation in decision-making and judicial proceedings overenvironmental matters must be fully implemented at the multiple levels. The Aarhus
Convention and UNEP Guideline on Principle 10 provide useful frameworks for developing
and implementing policy measures to achieve Principle 10 objectives.
39. The general public is often denied access to information, participation and justice. In theimplementation of P-10 policies, due consideration should be given to respect of humanrights, gender equality and the realities and needs of the marginalized groups such as
women, youth and indigenous peoples
40. A number of countries in Asia and the Pacific have adopted freedom of information acts andpromote the public access to environmental information. However, the level of
implementation and compliance with Principle 10 varies considerably, and there are caseswhere the poor and socially marginalized groups such as women, youth, and indigenous
peoples are denied or unable to benefit from the access to environmental information.
41. Governments must provide mechanisms and avenues that support the empowerment of the
stakeholders, particularly the socially marginalized groups, to recognize their key roles andto enable their active participation in decision making. Government must also involve
major groups and stakeholders in policy dialogues and decision making processes over theenvironment and sustainability policy issues.
42. Governments must promote the application of P-10 in dealing with the new and emerging
issues such as the potential impacts of the emerging technology on the human andenvironment, by ensuring access to information, public participation in technology
assessment, access to liability and redress in cases of damages.
43. Governments must extend the application of the P-10 for promoting and ensuringaccountability and transparency of the government, corporations and organizations
through effective feedback from the citizens.
44. Governments must recognize and allow alternative peoples’ initiatives such as citizen juries,
peoples’ tribunals, and technology observation platforms.
45. Governments need to exercise the authority to obtain information from the private sector
and make available such information to the stakeholders when private sector activities areto cause the impacts on the environment or public concerns. Exceptions to the public accessto environmental information and other Principle 10 policy measures should be restricted
and should not be abused.
46. To facilitate effective implementation of the Principle 10 policy measures, education,awareness raising, training and capacity development activities must be strengthened.
47. Inadequacy of the forums and institutions at different levels has to be recognized andaddressed through such measures as strengthening of the existing mechanism, “GreenBench”, establishment of environmental courts, and consideration of creating aninternational environment court.
48. Governments are called upon to mandate and enable UNEP to develop a robust programme
on UNEP Bali 2010 guidelines. In additions, governments must adopt and implement UNEP
guidelines on P-10 at national level through adopting necessary legal framework andappropriate policies
49. Governments in Asia and the Pacific must develop the regional/sub-regional conventions
on P-10. At the same time, interested governments in the region are enjoined to accede to
the Aarhus convention, and/or to adopt its features such as the peer policy review, andcomplaint/individual petition procedures without precluding the adoption of the Asia
Pacific convention. The negotiation for establishment of an international convention on
Access to Information, Public Participation and Environmental Justice must be launched at
the soonest possible time.

50. To ensure the compliance of countries to Principle10 policy measures at the national level,
it is suggested to define the legal rights, obligations and enforcement procedures, andincorporate penalty clauses in such measures in order to pose penalty on the individuals or
corporations that fail to provide information despite their legal obligations.
51. Finally, the useful benchmarks and indicators to assess performance on Principle 10 policy
measures must be adopted and widely applied.