Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishesof

Panay Island,

Republic of the Philippines
Nanarisari nga Isda nga Ginabaligya sa
Merkado sa Isla sang Panay, Pilipinas

Hiroyuki Motomura
Ulysses B. Alama
Nozomu Muto
Ricardo P. Babaran
Satoshi Ishikawa

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

1

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishesof Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines
Nanarisari nga Isda nga Ginabaligya sa
Merkado sa Isla sang Panay, Pilipinas

2

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows:
Motomura, H., U. B. Alama, N. Muto, R. P. Babaran, and S. Ishikawa (eds). 2017 (Jan.).
Commercial and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines.
The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas,
Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto. 246 pp, 911 figs

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the PhilippinesofCommercial and Bycatch Market Fishes
Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Edited by Hiroyuki Motomura, Ulysses B. Alama, Nozomu Muto,
Ricardo P. Babaran, and Satoshi Ishikawa

The Kagoshima University Museum, Japan
University of the Philippines Visayas, Philippines
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan3

4

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Copyright © 2017 by the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, University of thePhilippines Visayas, Iloilo, and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights ofthe photographs are held by the Kagoshima University Museum.
Motomura, H., U. B. Alama, N. Muto, R. P. Babaran, and S. Ishikawa (eds). Commercial
and bycatch market fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines. The Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, and ResearchInstitute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto. 246 pp, 911 figs
ISBN 978-4-905464-08-2

Design & DTP by Hiroyuki Motomura (Kagoshima University Museum)
Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Preface
The Philippines is part of the Coral Triangle in the western Pacific Ocean. This region is believed
to be hosting from 2,000 to 3,000 fish species as well as the center of marine fish diversity. Yet
there is hardly a good reference to guide field researchers working on fish taxonomy and fisheries.
The publication of this field guide of fishes, which is a product of a 5-year collaborative effort
involving scientists from the Philippines, Thailand and Japan through the Coastal Area Capability
Enhancement of Southeast Asia Project, is based on a regular collection of fish specimens fromfish markets in Iloilo City and adjacent landing sites in Panay Island, Central Philippines. It
puts together 911 color photographs of specimens representing 597 species in a single volume,
including at least 19 previously unrecorded species in the Philippines, simply confirming high fish
diversity in this area.
The field guide comes at a time when fish resources in the Philippines are subject to intense
fishing pressure, usually resulting in degradation of marine habitats. These fishing conditions
negatively impact individual species that form part of these vulnerable aquatic ecosystems, andthe declining state of these ecosystems provides additional impetus to know what and up to what
extent fish species are affected. This field guide will be an important general reference for fishtaxonomy and related subjects at the graduate and undergraduate levels.
This work is a sequel to similar field guides that came out from the collaborations of therenowned Japanese scientists, particularly from Kagoshima University, who were also involved inprevious engagements in Terengganu, Malaysia and Thailand. A review of the three field guides in
Malaysia, Thailand, and now the Philippines reveals the occurrence of common species, many ofwhich are widely distributed encompassing fishing grounds of these three countries. Independent
investigations for some of these species are now revealing that sub-populations exist within eachspecies, although they are seemingly geographically homogeneous. These three field guides thus
provide bases for more purposive fish population studies for species that commonly occur in thesecountries.
This field guide can serve as a general reference for fish taxonomy and related subjects at
the graduate and undergraduate level. It is also a useful companion for fisheries scientists,
ichthyologists, and field investigators of tropical marine fish species in this part of the Philippines.
The financial support of the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN, Project No.
14200061) for sustaining the activities of Filipino and Japanese collaborators for this project is
gratefully appreciated.

Ricardo P. Babaran
University of the Philippines Visayas

5

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H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Editors
Hiroyuki Motomura
PhD, Professor, Director, the Kagoshima University
Museum, 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065,
Japan (e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp)

Ricardo P. Babaran
PhD, Professor, University of the Philippines Visayas,
5023 Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines (e-mail: rpbabaran@
upv.edu.ph)Ulysses B. Alama
BS, Museum of Natural Sciences, College of Fisheries
and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines
Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines (e-mail:ubalama@upv.edu.ph)Satoshi Ishikawa
PhD, Professor, Research Institute for Humanity andNature, 457–4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto
603–8047, Japan (e-mail: oounagipapa@gmail.com)

Nozomu Muto
PhD, Lecturer, Department of Marine Biology and
Sciences, School of Biology, Tokai University, 5–1–1–1
Minamizawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 005–
8601, Japan (e-mail: nzmutou@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp)

Authors (alphabetical order)
Ulysses B. Alama — See Editors
Yukino Ando, BS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University), 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065,
Japan
Ayumi Bandai — The Kagoshima University Museum(Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30
Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Wilfredo L. Campos, PhD — College of Arts andSciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023
Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
Satoru N. Chiba, PhD — Tuna and Skipjack Resources
Department, National Research Institute of Far Seas
Fisheries, 5–7–1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424–8633,
Japan
Sirikanya Chungthanawong, MS — The Kagoshima
University Museum (United Graduate School of
Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30
Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Ramon S. Cruz, BS — College of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023
Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
Kyoji Fujiwara — National Fisheries University, 2–7–1
Nagatahonmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759–6595,
Japan
Yoshino Fukui, MS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan

Arnold C. Gaje, BS — College of Arts and Sciences,
University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao,
Iloilo, Philippines
Armi May T. Guzman, MS —Institute of Marine
Fisheries and Oceanology, College of Fisheries andOcean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas,
5023 Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
Yuriko Haraguchi — The Kagoshima University
Museum, 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065,
Japan
Harutaka Hata, MS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Yusuke Hibino, PhD — Fisheries Research Laboratory,
Mie University, 4190–172, Wagu, Shima, Mie 517–
0703, Japan
Hisashi Imamura, PhD — Laboratory of Marine
Biology and Biodiversity (Systematic Ichthyology),
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University(Fisheries Science Center, the Hokkaido University
Museum), 3–1–1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041–
8611, Japan
Tomoki Inaba, BS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University), 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065,
Japan
Satoshi Ishikawa, PhD — See Editors

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Yukio Iwatsuki, PhD — Department of Marine Biology& Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1–1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi,
Miyazaki 889–2192, Japan
Byeol Jeong, MS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, JapanEri Katayama, PhD — National Museum of Nature andScience, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005,
Japan
Toshio Kawai, PhD — Fisheries Science Center,the Hokkaido University Museum, 3–1–1 Minato,
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041–8611, Japan
Kimitatsu Kawama — The Kagoshima University
Museum (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University),
1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Seishi Kimura, PhD — Fisheries Research Laboratory,
Mie University, 4190–172, Wagu, Shima, Mie 517–
0703, Japan
Keita Koeda, PhD — The Kagoshima University
Museum (JSPS Research Fellow), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Kunto Wibowo, BS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University), 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065,
Japan
Kaoru Kuriiwa, PhD — National Museum of Natureand Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–
0005, Japan
B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, PhD — Endangered
Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine ResearchInstitute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Mizuki Matsunuma, PhD — Laboratory of Marine
Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2–5–1
Akebono, Kochi 780–8520, Japan
Rei Matsuo, BS — Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie
University, 4190–172, Wagu, Shima, Mie 517–0703,
Japan
Keiichi Matsuura, PhD — National Museum of Natureand Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–
0005, Japan
Hiroyuki Motomura, PhD — See Editors

7

Fumihito Muto, PhD — School of Marine Science andTechnology, Tokai University, 3–20–1 Orido, Shimizuku, Shizuoka 424–8610, Japan
Nozomu Muto, PhD — See Editors
Masanori Nakae, PhD — National Museum of Natureand Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–
0005, Japan
Naohide Nakayama, PhD — The Kyoto University
Museum, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
Makoto Okamoto, PhD — Seikai National Fisheries
Research Institute, 1551–8 Taira, Nagasaki 851–2213,
Japan
Barry C. Russell, PhD — Museum & Art Gallery of
the Northern Territory, PO Box 4646, Darwin, NT 0801,
Australia
Hiroshi Senou, PhD — Kanagawa Prefectural Museumof Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa
250–0031, Japan
Koichi Shibukawa, PhD — Museum of Natural andEnvironmental History, Shizuoka, 5762 Oya, Surugaku, Shizuoka 422–8017, Japan
Hiromu Suzuki, BS — Fisheries Research Laboratory,
Mie University, 4190–172, Wagu, Shima, Mie 517–
0703, Japan
Satokuni Tashiro, MS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Hinako Tatsukawa — The Kagoshima University
Museum (Faculty of Law, Economics and the
Humanities, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30
Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Takuya Uejo — The Kagoshima University Museum(Open University of Japan), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
Veera Vilasri, PhD — National Science Museum(Thailand), Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang,
Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Tomohiro Yoshida, MS — The Kagoshima University
Museum (United Graduate School of Agricultural
Sciences, Kagoshima University), 1–21–30 Korimoto,Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan

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H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Contents
Prefece		5
Editors		
6
Authors		
6
Acknowledgments 9Introduction
10
How to use this book 14
Chimaeridae
19
Heterodontidae
19
Scyliorhinidae
20
Triakidae
20
Carcharhinidae
21
Squalidae
22
Pristiophoridae
23
Rhinobatidae
24
Rajidae		
24
Urolophidae
25
Dasyatidae
25
Elopidae		27
Megalopidae
27
Moringuidae
27
Muraenidae
29
Ophichthidae
31
Congridae
35
Muraenesocidae 38
Clupeidae
39
Engraulidae
43
Chirocentridae
46
Chanidae
46
Gonorynchidae
46
Ariidae		
47
Plotosidae
48
Synodontidae
48
Paralepididae
51
Myctophidae
52
Bregmacerotidae 54
Macrouridae
54
Ophidiidae
55
Carapidae
55
Antennariidae
55
Ogcocephalidae 56
Berycidae
57
Holocentridae
57
Trachichthyidae 59
Zeidae		59
Caproidae
60
Pegasidae
60
Fistularidae
60

Centriscidae
61
Mugilidae
61
Atherinidae
63
Hemiramphidae 63
Exocoetidae
64
Belonidae
66
Neosebastidae
67
Scorpaenidae
67
Synanceiidae
69
Tetrarogidae
69
Aploactinidae
69
Triglidae		70
Peristediidae
71
Platycephalidae 72
Dactylopteridae 75
Latidae		
77
Ambassidae
77
Acropomatidae
78
Serranidae
79
Symphysanodontidae 93
Opistognathidae 93
Priacanthidae
94
Apogonidae
96
Malacanthidae 102
Echeneidae
102
Rachycentridae 102
Coryphaenidae 103
Menidae		
103
Carangidae
104
Leiognathidae
121
Bramidae
125
Emmelichthyidae 128
Lutjanidae
128
Caesionidae
137
Lobotidae
139
Gerreidae
140
Hapalogenyidae 142
Haemulidae
142
Nemipteridae
145
Sparidae
153
Lethrinidae
153
Sciaenidae
158
Sillaginidae
160
Mullidae		161
Pempheridae
165
Glaucosomatidae 166
Drepaneidae
166

Chaetodontidae 167
Pomacanthidae 170
Pentacerotidae 170
Cepolidae
171
Pomacentridae 172
Terapontidae
175
Kyphosidae
176
Nomeidae177
Ariommatidae
179
Polynemidae
180
Labridae		
181
Scaridae
186
Pinguipedidae 189
Trichonotidae
190
Champsodontidae 191
Uranoscopidae 192
Blenniidae
192
Callionymidae
193
Butidae		
195
Eleotridae
196
Gobiidae197
Oxudercidae
200
Ephippidae
201
Scatophagidae 202
Siganidae
202
Zanclidae
204
Acanthuridae
205
Sphyraenidae
208
Gempylidae
209
Trichiuridae
210
Scombridae
211
Channidae
216
Psettodidae
216
Paralichthyidae 216
Bothidae219
Samaridae
221
Soleidae		
222
Cynoglossidae 226
Triacanthidae
229
Balistidae
229
Monacanthidae 231
Ostraciidae
235
Tetraodontidae 236
Diodontidae
239
Scientific name index 240

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Acknowledgments
This research project was conducted under a Memorandum of Agreement for joint research
made by and among the Department of Agriculture of the Republic of the Philippines (DA), theUniversity of the Philippines Visayas (UPV), the Kagoshima University Museum, the ResearchInstitute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN, Project No. 14200061), and Tokai University, facilitatedby S. L. Sanchez [Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), DA]. P. J. Alcala (DA)provided a Prior Informed Consent Certificate, and I. P. Cabacaba and S. M. S. Nolasco (BFAR,DA) provided a fish specimen Export Certificate (No. 2016-39812). We thank the staff of the Officeof the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Extension, UPV, UPV Museum of Natural Sciences,
College of Fisheries, UPV, including S. S. Garibay, V. G. Urbina, L. H. Mooc, C. J. N. Rubido,
E. P. Abunal, and R. F. M. Traifalgar, and graduate students of the College of Fisheries, UPV andthe Kagoshima University Museum (KAUM) for their support of this research collaboration. This
project was also supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP26241027, JP24370041,
JP23580259, and JP26450265; the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, “Research and Education
Network on Southeast Asian Coastal Ecosystems”; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity
Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; andthe “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in
the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. The first editor (HM) is deeply grateful to M. F.
Gomon (Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia) for providing identification of Hoplostethus,
G. K. Yearsley (Ellipsis Editing, Rosny, Australia) for reading the text and providing help withEnglish, and M. Meguro, G. Ogihara, K. Eguchi, and A. Yoshiura (KAUM) for their help in thefield survey.

Caranx ignobilis at Iloilo Central Market. Photo: H. Motomura

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H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Introduction
The Philippines lies in the tropical zone of
the western Pacific Ocean, being located in thenortheastern part of the East Indies and also at theapex of the Coral Triangle. The Coral Triangle,
which includes Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, has the highest
concentration of marine species globally (Nañola etal. 2010). Herre (1953) compiled a list of 2,145 fish
species from the Philippines. Subsequently, Myers(1989) and Randall (1998) estimated that there are2,500 marine fish species in the Philippines.
Randall (1998: fig. 2) documented that in the
Pacific Ocean, marine fish species diversity peaksin the Philippines and the number of speciesof shore fishes reduces with distance from thePhilippines. Based on the analysis of distributional
data for nearly 3,000 species, Carpenter &Springer (2005) identified the central Philippines
as a marine diversity hotpsot in the island nationand called it “the center of the center of marine
shore fish biodiversity”. Thus, the Visayan region,
central Philippines, is known to have the highest
concentration of shore fishes compared with anyother large marine area in the world (Allen 2008,
Nañola et al. 2010).
However, despite having the highest species
richness in the Philippines based mostly on
historical museum specimens, recent transect
observations on Visayan coral reefs by Nañola et al.
(2010) revealed that the region has “currently” thelowest species richness in the nation. This decline
in species numbers in the Visayan region has
probably been caused by intense fishing and habitat
degradation.
To effectively manage fisheries to help revive
the fish species richness in the Visayan region, it
is important to first record as a benchmark the fish
species currently traded at local markets. To thisend, this book provides basic knowledge of market
fishes on Panay Island in the Visayan region.
The fishes of the Philippines are poorly known;no comprehensive list of fish species has been
published since Herre (1953). In addition, only afew popular and semi-popular picture books havebeen published: e.g., Schroeder (1980) provided
descriptions of 525 shore fish species from thewestern Sulu Sea, mostly with color photographsof fresh specimens, and Broad (2003) gave color
photographs of 450 species from the Philippines (nolocality data for each photograph).

Map of Panay Island, showing locations of fish markets
where fishes were collected during this project (N. Muto)

A research team of Filipinos/Filipinas andJapanese carried out market surveys on the southerncoast of Panay Is. from 2012 to 2016 as a partof the “Coastal Area Capability Enhancement inSoutheast Asia Project” of the Research Institute for
Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan. Initially, a fishreference collection was established at the Museumof Natural Sciences, University of the Philippines
Visayas (UPV). During the surveys, about 3,000
fish specimens were collected and purchased fromlocal markets scattered along the south coast of
Panay Is. These specimens have been deposited
mainly in fish collections of the UPV Museum of
Natural Sciences, Iloilo, Philippines (UPVMI) andthe Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima,
Japan (KAUM); one specimen used in this bookCommercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

11

Fish markets in Iloilo City, Panay Island, Philippines

was transferred to the National Museum of Natureand Science, Tsukuba, Japan (NSMT). Curatorial
procedures for collected specimens followed
Motomura & Ishikawa (2013). This book provides
911 color photographs of 597 fish species belonging
to 132 families from Panay Is. on the basis ofvoucher specimens. At least 19 of the 597 species
in this book represent the first record of the species
from Philippine waters, and several unidentified
species expressed as “sp.” are probably undescribed
species that need further study.
(H. Motomura)

The following literature was used to identify the
specimens and prepare the species accounts.
References

Allen, G. R. & M. V. Erdmann. 2012. Reef fishes of the East
Indies. Vols. 1–3. Tropical Reef Research, Perth. x + 1260
pp.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. H. Niem (eds). 1999–2001. FAO
species identification guide for fishery purposes. The
living marine resources of the western central Pacific.
Vols. 3–6. FAO, Rome. vi + v + iv + v +1397–4218 pp.
Cohen, D. M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto & N. Scialabba. 1990.
FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of theworld (order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated
catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform
fishes known to date. FAO, Rome. x + 442 pp.

12

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Duffy, C. A. J. & P. R. Last. 2007. Part 4 – Squalus raoulensis
sp. nov., a new spurdog of the ‘megalops-cubensis group’from the Kermadec Ridge. Pp. 31–38. In Last, P. R., W.
T. White & J. J. Pogonoski (eds). New dogfishes of thegenus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine
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Eschmeyer, W. N. 1997. A new species of Dactylopteridae(Pisces) from the Philippines and Australia, with a brief
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Eschmeyer, W. N., R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds). 2016.
Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available
at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. Electronic version
updated 29 September 2016.
Fricke, R. 1981. The kaianus-group of the genus Callionymus(Pisces: Callionymidae), with descriptions of six new
species. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 42 (14): 349–377.
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (eds). 2016. FishBase. Available atwww.fishbase.org.
Gilbert, C. H. 1905. The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian
Islands. The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 23 (2): 577–713.
Gilbert, C. H. & C. L. Hubbs. 1920. The macrouroid fishes of
the Philippine Islands and the East Indies. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 43: 105–140.
Harry, R. R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of thefamily Paralepididae (order Iniomi). 1. A revision of theNorth Pacific species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 105:
169–230.
Ho, H.-C., K.-N. Shen & C.-W. Chang. 2011. A new speciesof the unicornfish genus Naso (Teleostei: Acanthuridae)
from Taiwan, with comments on its phylogenetic
relationship. Raffles Bull. Zool., 59: 205–211.
Iwamoto, T. & A. Williams. 1999. Grenadiers (Pisces,
Gadiformes) from the continental slope of western andnorthwestern Australia. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 51: 105–
243.
Kawaguchi, K. & K. Aioi. 1972. Myctophid fishes of thegenus Myctophum (Myctophidae) in the Pacific and Indian
oceans. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 28: 161–175.
Kawaguchi, K. & H. Shimizu. 1978. Taxonomy anddistribution of the lanternfishes, genus Diaphus (Pisces,
Myctophidae) in the western Pacific, eastern Indian
oceans and the Southeast Asian seas. Bull. Ocean Res.
Inst. Univ. Tokyo, (10): 1–145.
Kawai, T. 2013. Revision of the peristediid genus Satyrichthys(Actinopterygii: Teleostei) with the description of a new
species, S. milleri sp. nov. Zootaxa, 3635: 419–438.
Kimura, S., U Satapoomin & K. Matsuura, 2009. Fishes ofAndaman Sea. National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tokyo. vi + 346 pp.
Last, P. R., S. Corrigan & G. J. Naylor. 2014. Rhinobatos
whitei, a new shovelnose ray (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae)
from the Philippine Archipelago. Zootaxa, 3872 (1):31–47.
Last, P. R., B. Séret & G. J. Naylor. 2016. A new speciesof guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with aredefinition of the family-level classification in the order
Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea). Zootaxa,
4117 (4): 451–475.

Last, P. R., W. T. White & B. Séret. 2016. Taxonomic statusof maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex(Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three
new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 4083
(4): 533–561.
Matsunuma, M. & H. Motomura. 2016. Chelidoperca stella,a new species of perchlet (Perciformes: Serranidae) fromthe Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4092:
388–400.
McKay, R. J. 1997. Pearl perches of the world (family
Glaucosomatidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogueof the pearl perches known to date. FAO Fisheries
Synopsis, No. 125 (17): i–v + 1–26.
Nafpaktitis, B. G. 1978. Systematics and distribution oflanternfishes of the genera Lobianchia and Diaphus(Myctophidae) in the Indian Ocean. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los
Angeles County Sci. Bull., 30: 1–92.
Nafpaktitis, B. G., R. H. Backus, J. E. Craddock, R. L.
Headrich, B. H. Robison & C. Karnella. 1977. Fishesof the western North Atlantic. Part 7. Order Iniomi(Myctophiformes). Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., (1): i–xv + 1–299.
Nakabo, T. (ed.). 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys
to the species, English edition. Vols. 2. Tokai University
Press, Tokyo. lxi + vii + 1749 pp.
Nakabo, T. (ed.). 2013. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys tothe species, third edition. Vols. 3. Tokai University Press,
Hadano. xlix + xxxii + xvi + 2428 + (ii) pp.
Nemeth, D. 1994. Systematics and distribution of fishes of thefamily Champsodontidae (Teleostei: Perciformes), withdescriptions of three new species. Copeia, 1994: 347–371.
Randall, J. E. 2002. Surgeonfishes of Hawai’i and the world.
Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.
vi + 125 pp.
Randall, J. E. 2005. Reef and shore fishes of the South
Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands.
University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu. xii + 707 pp.
Sakai, K. & T. Nakabo. 2004. Two new species of Kyphosus(Kyphosidae) and a taxonomic review of Kyphosus
bigibbus Lacepède from the Indo-Pacific. Ichthyol. Res.,
51: 20–32.
Sakai, K. & T. Nakabo. 2006. Taxonomic reviews of two
Indo-Pacific sea chubs, Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål,1775) and Kyphosus sydneyanus (Günther, 1886).
Ichthyol. Res., 53: 337–356.
Sasaki, K. & P. J. Kailola. 1988. Three new Indo-Australian
species of the sciaenid genus Atrobucca, with areevaluation of generic limit. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 35:
261–277.
White, W. T., P. R. Last & J. D. Stevens. 2007. Halaelurus
maculosus n. sp. and H. sellus n. sp., two new species ofcatshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from theIndo–West Pacific. Zootaxa, 1639: 1–21.
Williams, J. T. & K. E. Carpenter. 2015. A new fish species ofthe subfamily Serraninae (Perciformes, Serranidae) fromthe Philippines. Zootaxa, 3911: 287–293.
Wisner, R. L. 1976. The taxonomy and distribution oflanternfishes (family Myctophidae) in the eastern Pacific
Ocean. NORDA (Navy Ocean Research and Development
Activity) Rep., (3): i–vii + 1–229.

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Literature cited (in text)

Allen, G. R. 2008. Conservation hotspots of bio-diversity
and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquat.
Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 18: 541–556.
Bos, A. R. & G. S. Gumanao. 2013. Seven new records offish (Teleostei: Perciformes) from coral reefs and pelagic
habitats in southern Mindanao, the Philippines. Mar.
Biodiv. Rec., 6: 1–6.
Broad, G. 2003. Fishes of the Philippines. A guide to
identification of families. Anvil Publishing, Inc. xii + 512
pp.
Carpenter, K. E. & V. G. Springer. 2005. The center of thecenter of marine shore fish biodiversity: the Philippine
Islands. Environ. Biol. Fish., 72: 467–480.
Fricke, R. 1983. Revision of the Indo-Pacific genera andspecies of the dragonet family Callionymidae (Teleostei).
J. Cramer, Braunschweig. Theses Zoologicae, 3: i–x +1–774.
Fricke, R. 2002. Annotated checklist of the dragonet
families Callionymidae and Draconettidae (Teleostei:
Callionymoidei), with comments on callionymid fishclassification. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A (Biol.), 645:
1–103.
Hata, H. & H. Motomura. 2016. Validity of Encra-sicholina
pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescriptionof Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837), a seniorsynonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940)(Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyol. Res., doi 10.1007/
s10228-016-0529-4
Herre, A. W. 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 977 pp.
Ho, H.-C., D. G. Smith, J. E. McCosker, Y. Hibino, K.-H.
Loh, K. A. Tighe & K.-T. Shao. 2015. Annotated checklistof eels (orders Anguilli-formes and Saccopharyngiformes)
from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 140–189.
Iwatsuki, Y. & B. C. Russell. 2006. Revision of the genus
Hapalogenys (Teleostei: Perciformes) with two new
species from the Indo-West Pacific. Mem. Mus. Vic., 63:
29–46.
Iwatsuki, Y., J. M. Al-Mamry & P. C. Heemstra. 2016.
Validity of a blue stripe snapper, Lutjanus octolineatus(Cuvier 1828) and a related species, L. bengalensis (Bloch1790) with a new species (Pisces; Lutjanidae) from the
Arabian Sea. Zootaxa, 4098 (3): 511–528.
Matsunuma, M., S. Tashiro, U. B. Alama & H. Motomura.
2014. First record of a unicornfish, Naso tergus(Perciformes: Acanthuridae), from the Philippines. Mem.
Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 62: 7–10.

13

Motomura, H. 2004. Threadfins of the world (family
Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue ofpolynemid species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue
for Fishery Purposes No. 3. FAO, Rome. vii + 117 pp.
Motomura, H. 2004. Revision of the scorpionfish genus
Neosebastes (Scorpaeniformes: Neosebastidae), withdescriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacif. Fish., 37:
1–76.
Motomura, H. & S. Ishikawa (eds). 2013. Fish collectionbuilding and procedures manual. English edition.
Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima andResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto. 70
pp. Available at http://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/
staff/motomura/dl_en.html
Myers, R. F. 1989. Micronesian reef fishes. Coral Graphics,
Guam. 298 pp.
Nañola, C. L. Jr., P. M. Aliño & K. E. Carpenter. 2010.
Exploitation-related reef fish species richness depletion in
the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Environ. Biol. Fish.,doi 10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6
Nelson, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the world. 4th edition. John
Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. xix + 601 pp.
Nielsen, J. G., D. M. Cohen, D. F. Markle & C. R. Robins.
1999. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform fishesof the world (order Ophidiiformes). An annotated andillustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas andother ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO, Rome. xi +178 pp.
Oshiro, N., K. Yogi, A. Shuko, T. Sasaki, K. Tamanaha, M.
Hirama, T. Yasumoto & Y. Inafuku. 2010. Ciguatera
incidence and fish toxicity in Okinawa, Japan. Toxicon,
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Polanco F., A., A. Acero P. & R. Betancur-R. 2016. No longer
a circumtropical species: revision of the lizardfishes
in the Trachinocephalus myops species complex, withdescription of a new species from the Marquesas Islands. J.
Fish Biol., doi 10.1111/jfb.13038
Randall, J. E. 1998. Zoogeography of shore fishes of the
Indo-Pacific region. Zool. Stud., 37: 227–268.
Randall, J. E. & P. C. Heemstra. 2006. Review of the IndoPacific fishes of the genus Odontanthias (Serranidae:
Anthinae), with descriptions of two new species andrelated new genus. Indo-Pac. Fish., 38: 1–31.
Schroeder, R. E. 1980. Philippine shore fishes of the western
Sulu Sea. National Media Production Center, Manila. xvi+ 266 pp.

14

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

How to use this book

Basic measurements of fishes and abbreviations used in this book (H. Motomura)

Body parts of elasmobranchs (H. Motomura)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Body parts of bony fishes (H. Motomura)

Gill arches of bony fishes (H. Motomura). Left: carangid; right: sebastid (photos by M. Matsunuma)

15

16

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

The systematic arrangement offamilies generally follows Nelson(2006). Species in families arearranged in alphabetical orderby scientific name. Each species
record was compiled from voucher
specimens. On each figure legend,scientific name, sex (if available),
catalog number, and size (standard,
total, or fork lengths in mm) are
given.
The number of spinous and soft
fin rays are described by Roman
numerals (I, II, III, etc.) and Arabic
numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) respectively.
Spinous fin rays are generally called
spines. In the case of the dorsal oranal fins containing both a spine (orspines) and soft rays, the number ofspines and soft rays are separated
by a comma. Gill rakers on the firstgill arch on the right side of the body
were used for counting. The numberof gill rakers on the upper and lower
limbs are separated by a “+” sign.
When present, gill rakers (one ormore) between the limbs are includedin the lower limb counts.
Each species account includes
family name, scientific name, and thefollowing information:
En English name: standard name forthe species is included if available.
C Characters: several morphological features, including coloration,
are described.
D Distribution: geographic distribution is described. Typical distribution
patterns of fishes occurring in thePhilippines are shown here. Samoa
is located the outside the Australian
Plate, but Samoa is treated as a partof the western Pacific Ocean in thisbook.
H Habitat: vertical distribution andhabitats are described.
S Size: recorded maximum size incm or m as SL (standard length), TL(total length), or FL (fork length) is
described.
R Remarks: comments on taxonomy, nomenclature, comparisons,market information, etc, are included
where appropriate.
(H. Motomura)Indo-Pacific Ocean (east coast of Africa to Hawaiian and Easter Is.)

Indo-West Pacific Ocean (east coast of Africa to Japan and Melanesia)

East Indian and western Pacific oceans

Western Pacific Ocean
Typical distribution patterns of fishes occurring in the Philippines

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Dried fish section at Iloilo Central Market

Dried Caranx ignobilis

Cooked Caranx ignobilis

17

18

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Eubleekeria jonesi at Iloilo Central Market. Photo: H. Motomura

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

19

H. purpurescens, UPVMI 769, 609.0 mm TL

Family Chimaeridae

Hydrolagus purpurescens(Gilbert 1905)
En Purple Chimaera

C ● Head length 1.6 times 1st
dorsal-fin length ● Anal fin
absent ● Filament of caudal
fin moderately long ● Body
without any patterning
D Off northeastern Japan,
Philippines to Hawaii
H Benthopelagic; 1120–1951
m depth
S 1.1 m TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)

Family Heterodontidae

Heterodontus zebra(Gray 1831)
En Zebra Hornshark

C ● Head blunt with low
crests over eyes ● Dorsal
fins preceded by short, stout
spines ● Body with numerous
dark, narrow bands
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Continental and insular
shelves; mostly to about 50 m,
deeper off Australia (150–200
m depth)
S 1.2 m TL; hatch at about
15 cm TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)H. zebra, UPVMI 583, 477.6 mm TL

H. zebra, egg, UPVMI 1674, 40.7 mm

20

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Scyliorhinidae

Halaelurus buergeri(Müller & Henle 1838)
En Blackspotted Catshark
C ● Snout not pointed ● Headflat and broad ● Eyes slit-like,large ● Body with small tolarge dark spots and confined
to borders of yellowish brownsaddle markings; ventral
surface white
D Western Pacific (Japan to
Borneo)H Demersal; 80–100 m depth
S 49 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)H. buergeri, UPVMI 445, 446.9 mm TL

Family Triakidae

Mustelus manazo

Bleeker 1854
En Starspotted SmoothhoundM. manazo, UPVMI 469, 522.0 mm TL

C ● Snout pointed ● Labial
furrows prominent ● Teeth inboth jaws blunt ● Caudal fin
with white posterior margin● Body with numerous small
white specks (sometimes
absent or only near lateralline)
D Northwestern Pacific(southern Siberia to Malaysia)
H Demersal
S 1.2 m TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

21

Family Carcharhinidae

Carcharhinus macloti(Müller & Henle 1838)
En Hardnose Shark

C ● Snout pointed ● Teeth inboth jaws narrow with erect
central cusp; upper teeth withstrong cusplets ● Dorsal,
pectoral and caudal fins dusky
D Indo-West Pacific (eastern
Africa to New Guinea)
H Demersal
S 1.1 m TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)C. macloti, UPVMI 1689, 860.0 mm TL

Family Carcharhinidae

Carcharhinus melanopterus(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
En Blacktip Reef Shark

C ● Snout short, broadly
rounded ● Dorsal, pectoral,
anal and caudal fins lower
lobe with black tips ● Body
light brown, with a distinct
pale stripe on flanks
D Indo-Pacific (eastern Africa
to Hawaiian Is. and Pitcairn
Is.)
H Coral reefs
S 1.4 m TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)

C. melanopterus, UPVMI 2106, 800.0 mm TL

22H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Carcharhinidae

Galeocerdo cuvier(Péron & Lesueur 1822)
En Tiger Shark

G. cuvier, UPVMI 829, 789.0 mm TL

C ● Snout short, bluntly rounded ● Upper
labial furrows very long ● Teeth in both jaws
broad-based, hooked-shaped, strongly serrated● Body with dark bars on sides, extending tocaudal-fin upper lobe (less distinct in adults)
D Cosmopolitan in all tropical seas, withseasonal incursions into sub-tropical waters
H Close inshore to the outer continental shelf
S 6 m TLR Potentially dangerous to humans given
its large size and presence close inshore, but
normally not aggressive(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)

Family Squalidae

Squalus altipinnis

Last, White & Stevens 2007
En Western Highfin Spurdog

S. altipinnis, UPVMI 1000, 424.7 mm TL

C ● Snout narrowly pointed● Dorsal fins preceded bynarrow but robust spines● Dermal denticle crowns
elevated on pedicels, broadwith 1 or 3 cusps
D Western Pacific (Philippines and Borneo to northwestern Australia)
H Near the bottom on theouter continental shelf andupper slope in 130–300 m
S 72 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

23

Family Squalidae

Squalus brevirostris

Tanaka 1917
En Japanese Shortnose Spurdog
C ● Snout relatively short;head length 20-21% TL ●Dorsal fins preceded bynarrow but robust spines;
second dorsal fin deeply
concave ● Lateral dermal
denticle arrow-shaped
D Western Pacific (Japan toPhilippines)
H Demersal; to 130 m
S 60 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)S. brevirostris, UPVMI 917, 392.9 mm TL

Family Pristiophoridae

Pristiophorus lanae
Ebert & Wilms 2013
En Lana's Sawshark

C ● Narrow and relatively
long nostrum, with a preoral length 27.5–30.6% of
TL, a pre-barbel length of
51.0–55.0% of pre-oral length● Barbels located closer tomouth than to rostral tip ● No
distinctive markings on lightbrown body with posterior
margin of dorsal and caudal
fins faintly yellowish
D Philippines
H Upper continental slopes
S 83 cm TL
R The species recently described on the basis of 7 preserved specimens collectedfrom Philippines. The present

P. lanae, UPVMI 1648, 786.4 mm TL

specimen represents the firstfresh coloration record of
the species. The yellowish
posterior margins of the dorsal

and caudal fins are possibly
diagnostic of this species.
Usually bycatch of trawlers
and other fisheries operationsat depths of 229–593 m(K. Koeda &B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)24

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Rhinobatidae

Rhinobatos borneensis

Last, Séret and Naylor 2016
En Borneo Shovelnose Ray
C ● Snout tip not forming aknob ● Disc wedge-shaped,
anterior snout margin slightly
concave ● Dorsal-fin tip
pointed ● Body with diffuse
pale yello w is h blo tches ,without white spots; dorsal
fins with central dusky
blotches; young with ocellate
markings
D Borneo and Philippines
H Demersal
S 90 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)R. borneensis, UPVMI 468, 530.8 mm TL

Family Rhinobatidae

Rhinobatos whitei

Last, Corrigan & Naylor 2014
En Philippine Guitarfish
C ● Snout tip not forming
a knob ● Disc wedgeshaped, anterior snout marginmoderately concave ● Dorsalfin tip narrowly rounded● Body with faint orange
blotches, and indistinct palespots; dorsal fins darker
posteriorly
D Philippines
H Demersal
S 84 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)

Family Rajidae
R. whitei, UPVMI 576, 361.1 mm TL

Okamejei sp., UPVMI 577, 189.2 mm DW

Okamejei sp.

En Philippine Skate

C ● Snout broadly triangular● Pelvic fin divided into two
distinct lobes ● Dorsal surface
brownish with pale posterior
margins, faint pattern of paleyellowish blotches and spots
over entire surface, and blackspots dorsomedially ● Ventral
disc pale with dark brownspots and patches along thecentral partD Philippines
H Demersal
S 19 cm DW(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

25

Family Urolophidae

Urolophus aurantiacus(Müller & Henle 1841)
En Sepia Stingray

C ● Disc shape subquadrangular, apices narrowly rounded ● Dorsal fin absent ● Tailwith a large dorsal spine, anda short caudal fin ● Dorsal
surface plain reddish brown
D Northwestern Pacific (Japanto Philippines)
H Sandy and rocky bottoms
of continental shelves
S 27 cm DW(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)

Family Dasyatidae

Himantura uarnak(Gmelin 1789)
En Reticulate Whipray

C ● Disc shape quadrangular● Central disc with 2 heartshaped thorns ● Dorsal
surface with irregular dark
spots and reticulations ●Ventral disc pale with dark
posterior margins
D Western Pacific (Philippines, Malaysia to northern
Australia)
H Demersal on soft substrates; intertidal region to 50m
S 1.6 m DW, 4.5 m TL
(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)U. aurantiacus, KAUM–I. 62938, 125.0 mm DW

H. uarnak, UPVMI 627, 369.7 mm TL

26

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Dasyatidae

Neotrygon orientalis

Last, White & Séret 2016
En Oriental Bluespotted Maskray

N. orientalis, UPVMI 233, 221.1 mm DW

C ● Disc shape rhombic,
straight to convex anteriorly ●Dorsal disc lacking denticles
except for a single medianrow of thornlets on nape
region ● Tail broad-basedwith dorsal and ventral skinfolds ● Dorsal surface paleyellowish brown centrallywith blue spots; blue spots
medium-sized, irregularly
spaced, with faint blue centres
surrounded by darker blue,
diffuse-edged outer rings;
disc margin and pelvic finstranslucent
D Southeast Asia (off Sumatra, Borneo to Philippines)
H Reef region; inshore to lessthan 100 m depth
S 38 cm DW(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)N. orientalis, UPVMI 1695, 256.5 mm DW

Family Dasyatidae

Taeniura lymma(Forsskål 1775)
En Bluespotted Fantail Ray

T. lymma, UPVMI 234, 201.8 mm DW

C ● Disc shape oval ● Dorsal
disc smooth to granular,
denticles minute ● Ventral
skin fold on tail extending
to tail tip ● Dorsal surface
orangish brown with brightblue spots; tail with blue
stripe on each side before
sting; ventral fold darker thanits base
D Indo-West Pacific (southern
Africa to Vietnam and Papua
New Guinea)
H Coral reefs; inshore to 20
m depth
S 35 cm DW, 75 cm TL(B. M. Manjaji-Matsumoto)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

27

Family Elopidae

Elops hawaiiensis
Regan 1909
En Hawaiian Ladyfish

C ● 93–100 lateral-line scales● 27–35 branchiostegal rays
● Gular plate located between
arms of lower jaw ● Lower
jaw projecting beyond snout
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Hawaiian Is. and Tuamotu
Is.)
H Pelagic; coastal waters andentering lagoons and estuaries
S 75 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. hawaiiensis, UPVMI 471, 359.5 mm SL

Family Megalopidae

Megalops cyprinoides(Broussonet 1782)
En Indo-Pacific Tarpon

C ● 30–40 lateral-line scales● 26–27 branchiostegal rays
● Gular plate located between
arms of lower jaw ● Lower
jaw projecting beyond snout● Last dorsal-fin ray elongate
and filamentous
D Indo-Pacific (eastern Africa
to Japan and Society Is.)
H Pelagic; coastal waters andentering lagoons and estuaries
S 80 cm SL(H. Hata)

M. cyprinoides, UPVMI 945, 208.5 mm SL

M. abbreviata, KAUM–I. 69440, 309.1 mm TL

Family Moringuidae

Moringua abbreviata(Bleeker 1863)
En Short Worm Eel

C ● 102–111 vertebrae ●Head length 12–16% TL ●Body depth 1.7–2.5% TL● Lower jaw beyond tip ofsnout ● Pectoral-fin length
almost equal to snout length
D Western Pacific
H Bottoms in shallow waters
S 31 cm TL
R The genus, including M.
abbreviata, is taxonomicallyconfused and this identification is provisional(Y. Hibino)

M. ferruginea, KAUM–I. 69443, 254.9 mm TL

Family Moringuidae

Moringua ferruginea
Bliss 1883
En Rusty Spaghetti Eel

C ● About 75 lateral-line
pores anterior to anus ● 115–

127 vertebrae ● Head length
6.7–8.3% TL ● Body depth
1.6–2.0% TL ● Lower jaw
beyond tip of snout ● Pectoral
fin minute
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Easter I.)

H Bottoms in shallow waters
S 40 cm TL

R The genus, including M.

ferruginea, is taxonomicallyconfused and this identification is provisional(Y. Hibino)

28

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Moringuidae

Moringua microchir
Bleeker 1853
En Shortfin Spaghetti Eel

C ● 61–65 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 105–113
vertebrae ● Head length
7.1–9.1% TL ● Body depth
2.0–2.8% TL ● Lower jaw
beyond tip of snout ● Pectoral
fin minute
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Samoa)
H Lagoon, seagrass bed, andtidal pool
S 38 cm TL(Y. Hibino)

M. microchir, KAUM–I. 63004, 382.4 mm TL

Family Moringuidae

Moringua sp.
En —C ● Head length 10% TL ●Tail length 30% TL ● Body
depth 2.1% TL ● Lower jaw
beyond tip of snout ● Pectoral
fin minute
D Philippines
H Unknown
S 26 cm TL
R The genus is taxonomicallyconfused(Y. Hibino)

Moringua sp., KAUM–I. 80624, 262.3 mm TL

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

29

Family Muraenidae

Gymnothorax fimbriatus(Bennett 1832)
En Fimbriated Moray

C ● 128–142 vertebrae ●Lower jaw recurved ● Dorsalfin origin anterior to a level ofgill opening ● Head yellow(when alive), body pale
brown with irregular darkbrown spots and bars, usually
oblique bands on dorsal fin ●Median fins with pale whitish
marginD Indo-Pacific (Madagascar
to French Polynesia)
H Lagoon and outer reefs indepths of less than 50 m
S 1 m TL
(Y. Hibino)

G. fimbriatus, UPVMI 795, 469.7 mm TL

G. pseudothyrsoideus, UPVMI 275, 405.0 mm TL

G. pseudothyrsoideus, KAUM–I. 56021, 475.9 mm TL

Family Muraenidae

Gymnothorax
pseudothyrsoideus(Bleeker 1853)
En Highfin Moray

C ● 122–135 vertebrae ● 5-55-128
mean vertebral formula ● Dorsal
fin high, its origin anterior to gill
opening ● Head and body brownwith yellowish reticulate lines,
becoming unclear with growthand few faded, but brown spots
remained
D Indo-West Pacific (Oman to Japanand Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms ofcoastal and estuarine waters
S 86 cm TL(Y. Hibino)

G. pseudothyrsoideus, UPVMI 796, 553.1 mm TL

30H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Muraenidae

Gymnothorax sp.
En —Gymnothorax sp., KAUM–I. 91755, 770.5 mm TL

C ● Dorsal fin relatively
high, its origin anterior togill opening ● Teeth without
serration ● Head and bodydark brown with pale brown
irregular mottled pattern ●Median fins without whitish
margin
D South China Sea and Sulu
Sea
H Muddy bottoms
S 77 cm TL
R It is also reported by Imamura (2013) as G. pseudothyrsoideus(Y. Hibino)

Family Muraenidae

Strophidon sathete(Hamilton 1822)
En Giant Estuarine Moray

S. sathete, UPVMI 1618, 996.9 mm TL

C ● 183–194 vertebrae ●10-78-196 mean vertebral
formula ● Tail about twice ofhead and trunk lengths ● 3 or
4 inner teeth on mandible ●Body uniformly brown
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan and
New Caledonia)
H Muddy bottoms of coastal
waters, mainly estuaries
S 3.8 m TL
(Y. Hibino)

Family Muraenidae

Strophidon sp.
En —Strophidon sp., UPVMI 1211, 1529.7 mm TL

C ● Head 2.7–3.0 times body
depth at gill opening ● Tail
1.5–1.7 times head and trunk
lengths ● 7 or 8 inner teeth on
mandible ● Body uniformly
brown, except grayish headventrolaterally
D Philippines
H Unknown
S 1.5 m TL
R Known from only 2 specimens from Panay I.
(Y. Hibino)

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M. thompsoni, KAUM–I. 69442, 177.5 mm TL

M. thompsoni, KAUM–I. 69445, 104.4 mm TL

Family Ophichthidae

Muraenichthys thompsoni
Jordan & Richardson 1908
En Thompson's Worm Eel

C ● 128–139 vertebrae ●27-44-134 mean vertebral
formula ● Teeth on upper jaw
relatively slender, uniserial
or biserial anteriorly anduniserial posteriorly ● Dorsalfin origin usually anterior
to mid-trunk ● Pectoral fin
absentD Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Fiji), except for Red
Sea
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
of coastal waters
S 21 cm TL
R It can be distinguishedfrom M. gymnopterus (Bleeker 1853) occurring in thePhilippines by the shape ofteeth (vs. blunt and large inM. gymnopterus) and largereye (6.6–10% of HL vs.
3.2–7.1%)(Y. Hibino)

M. thompsoni, KAUM–I. 69447, 130.8 mm TL

M. thompsoni, KAUM–I. 80623, 229.4 mm TL

32H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

N. parvipectoralis, KAUM–I. 69441, 168.8 mm TL

Family Ophichthidae

Neenchelys parvipectoralisChu, Wu & Jin 1981
En Mini-fin Worm Eel

C ● 135–148 vertebrae ●20-55-143 mean vertebral
formula ● Head length
10–11% TL ● Distance fromdorsal-fin origin to a verticalthrough mid-anus 78–85%
of trunk length ● Extremely
small pectoral fins present,
shorter than snout
D East China Sea, South
China Sea, and Sulu Sea
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
from mouth of river to ca. 300
m depth
S 33 cm TL
R It can be distinguishedfrom N. buitendijki Weber &de Beaufort 1916 occurring in
Malaysia and Indonesia by theshorter pectoral fin (vs. equal
or longer in N. buitendijki)
and shorter head (vs. 11–14%
TL)(Y. Hibino)

N. parvipectoralis, UPVMI 1774, 157.4 mm TL

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33

Family Ophichthidae

Ophichthus sp.
En —C ● 53–54 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 150–153
vertebrae ● Dorsal-fin origin
located about a level of midpectoral fin ● Teeth conicaland short, biserial on upper
jaw and biserial or partly
triserial on vomer ● Body
darkish, median fins with dark
marginD Philippines
H Unknown
S 39 cm TL
R Known from only thepresent specimens from PanayI.
(Y. Hibino)

Ophichthus sp., KAUM–I. 80621, 393.7 mm TL

Family Ophichthidae

Pisodonophis boro
(Hamilton 1822)
En Rice-paddy EelC ●65 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 171–180
vertebrae ● Dorsal-fin origin
well behind posterior end of
pectoral fin ● Teeth blunt andshort, forming tooth patchon jaws and vomer ● Body
darkish, median fins usuallywith dark margin
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Australia)
H Muddy bottoms of coastal
waters and estuaries, sometimes found rice fields
S 1.3 m TL
(Y. Hibino)

Ophichthus sp., KAUM–I. 69438, 288.4 mm TL

P. boro, UPVMI 1152, 864.7 mm TL

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Family Ophichthidae

Pisodonophis cancrivorus(Richardson 1848)
En Longfin Snake Eel

C ● 53–60 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 152–163
vertebrae ● Dorsal-fin origin
located about a level of midpectoral fin ● Teeth blunt andshort, forming tooth patchon jaws and vomer ● Body
darkish, median fins usuallywith dark margin
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
shallower than ca. 100 m
depth
S 1 m TL
R Common in Southeast Asia
(Y. Hibino)

P. cancrivorus, KAUM–I. 91804, 288.0 mm TL

Family Ophichthidae

Skythrenchelys zabra
Castle & McCosker 1999
En Angry Worm Eel

S. zabra, KAUM–I. 80622, 257.0 mm TL

C ● 33-57-119 mean vertebral formula ● Dorsal-fin
origin anterior to a level of anus ● Teeth recurved,
larger than eye ● Mouth large ● Pectoral fin absent
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans (India to
Taiwan and Australia)
H Muddy bottoms
S 41 cm TL
R Rare species but it was already known from Panay I.
(Y. Hibino)

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Family Ophichthidae

Yirrikala misolensis(Günther 1872)
En Misol Snake Eel

C ● 10-78-174 meanvertebral formula ● Dorsalfin extremely low, its origin
posterior to a level of gill
opening ● Snout pointed● Head and body withnumerous dark brown spots
but obscured posteriorly,
lateral-line pores whitish
D Western Pacific (Taiwan toIndonesia and Australia)
H Muddy bottoms
S 48 cm TL(Y. Hibino)

Y. misolensis, KAUM–I. 69438, 288.4 mm TL

Family Congridae

Ariosoma anago(Temminck & Schlegel 1847)
En —C ● 51–54 lateral-line
pores anterior to anus ● 143vertebrae ● Upper lip with agroove ● Pale brown verticalband on head ● Anal fin with
distinct black margin
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
of coastal waters
S 51 cm TL
R The present specimen represents the first record of A.
anago from the Philippines(Y. Hibino)

Y. misolensis, KAUM–I. 80626, 329.0 mm TL

A. anago, KAUM–I. 80707, 297.0 mm TL

36H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Family Congridae

Ariosoma major(Asano 1958)
En —A. major, KAUM–I. 63002, 279.1 mm TL

C ● 50–53 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 144–147
vertebrae ● Upper lip with agroove ● Pale brown verticalband on head ● Anal fin withnarrow darkish margin
D Northwestern Pacific (Japan,
Vietnam, and Philippines)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
of coastal waters
S 53 cm TL
R The present specimens represent the first records of A.
major from the Philippines(Y. Hibino)

Family Congridae

Ariosoma meeki(Jordan & Snyder 1900)
En —A. major, KAUM–I. 63002, 279.1 mm TL

C ● 58–64 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 149–159
vertebrae ● Snout relatively
robust ● No postorbital pores● 2 dark spots along posterior
margin of eye
D Northwestern Pacific (Japan,
Vietnam, and Philippines)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
shallower than 160 m depth
S 60 cm TL
R The present specimen represents the first record of A.
meeki from the Philippines(Y. Hibino)

A. meeki, KAUM–I. 69448, 122.4 mm TL

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Family Congridae

Ariosoma scheelei(Strömman 1896)
En Scheele’s Conger

C ● 43–46 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 110–117
vertebrae ● Body short ● Anal
fin without distinct margin
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Samoa)
H Sandy bottoms of coastal
watersS 20 cm TL(Y. Hibino)

A. scheelei, KAUM–I. 56045, 134.5 mm TL

A. scheelei, UPVMI 330, 137.4 mm TL

A. scheelei, KAUM–I. 80628, 122.0 mm TL

A. scheelei, KAUM–I. 69427, 107.4 mm TL

A. scheelei, KAUM–I. 69428, 93.0 mm TL

A. scheelei, KAUM–I. 69429, 93.1 mm TL

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U. lepturus, KAUM–I. 69444, 154.3 mm TL

Family Congridae

Uroconger lepturus(Richardson 1848)
En Slender Conger

U. lepturus, KAUM–I. 69446, 179.7 mm TL

C ● 42–44 lateral-line pores
anterior to anus ● 203–206
vertebrae ● Tail laterallycompressed and extremely
prolonged ● Intermaxillaryteeth visible when mouthclosedD Indo-Pacific (Red Sea to
Hawaiian Is.)H Muddy and sandy bottoms,
coastal shallow area to 760 m
S 40 cm TL
R A species complex that
may represent more than one
species (Ho et al. 2015)(Y. Hibino)

Family Muraenesocidae

Muraenesox bagio(Hamilton 1822)
En Common Pike Conger

M. bagio, UPVMI 511, 938.1 mm TL

C ● 47–59 dorsal-fin rays
anterior to anus ● 33–39
lateral-line pores anterior toanus ● 128–141 vertebrae● Teeth large, extremely
large triangle canine teeth onvomer ● Body entirely silvery
or golden color, dark brown
dorsally and light brownventrally
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to southern Yellow Sea
and Samoa)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
of coastal waters
S 2 m TL
R More rare than M. cinereus
and usually confused with thespecies at markets(Y. Hibino)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

39

Family Muraenesocidae

Muraenesox cinereus(Forsskål 1775)
En Daggertooth Pike Conger
C ● 66–78 dorsal-fin rays
anterior to anus ● 39–47
lateral-line pores anterior toanus ● 145–159 vertebrae● Teeth large, extremely
large triangle canine teeth onvomer ● Body entirely silvery
or golden color, dark brown
dorsally and light brownventrally
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and Indonesia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
of coastal waters
S 1.5 m TL
R Common around Panay I.
(Y. Hibino)

Family Clupeidae

Amblygaster leiogaster(Valenciennes 1847)
En Smoothbelly Sardinella

C ● 31–35 lower gill rakers
on first gill arch ● Body
without spots ● Distance fromsnout tip to dorsal-fin origin
49.4–54.5% SL
D Indo-West Pacific (Kenya
to Japan and Australia)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 23 cm SL(H. Hata)

M. cinereus, UPVMI 1655, 667.4 mm TL

A. leiogaster, KAUM–I. 80853, 168.6 mm SL

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Family Clupeidae

Amblygaster sirm
(Walbaum 1792)
En Spotted Sardinella

A. sirm, KAUM–I. 52636, 203.7 mm SL

C ● 33–43 lower gill rakers on
first gill arch ● Series of 10–20
blackish spots on lateral side ofbody ● Distance from snout tip to
dorsal-fin origin 47.2–50.7% SL
D Indo-Pacific (Tanzania to Japanand Kiribati)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 25 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Dussumieria acuta
Valenciennes 1847
En Rainbow Sardine

A. sirm, KAUM–I. 62941, 155.0 mm SL

C ● Body elongated, its depth
22–29% SL ● 19–26 lower gillrakers on first gill arch ● Posterior
part of scales with numerous tinyradiating striae
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf
to China and Philippines)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 20 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Dussumieria elopsoides
D. acuta, KAUM–I. 63032, 124.9 mm SL

D. elopsoides, UPVMI 603, 148.1 mm SL

Bleeker 1849
En Slender Rainbow Sardine

C ● Body elongated, its depth
16–22% SL ● 21–32 lower gillrakers on first gill arch ● Posterior
part of scales without striae
D Indo-West Pacific (Kenya
to Japan and Tonga), eastern
Mediterranean Sea
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 20 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Escualosa thoracata(Valenciennes 1847)
En White Sardine

E. thoracata, UPVMI 157, 66.2 mm SL

C ● Body deep, its depth 27–31%
SL ● Broad silver stripe, its width
subequal to eye diameter, on flank
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Philippines and Papua New
Guinea)H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 10 cm SL(H. Hata)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

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Family Clupeidae

Herklotsichthys dispilonotus(Bleeker 1852)
En Blacksaddle Herring

C ● Black blotches on dorsum ● Non-elongate, winglike scales present beneathnormal paired predorsal scales
D Western Pacific (Gulf ofThailand to Philippines andIndonesia)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 7 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Herklotsichthys
quadrimaculatus(Rüppell 1837)
En Bluestripe HerringC ● 30–36 lower gill rakers
on first gill arch ● Elongate
wing-like scales underneathnormal paired predorsal scales● Dorsum uniformly blackishwithout spots ● Dorsal andcaudal fins without blacktips ● 2 yellow blotcheson posterior margin of gill
opening ● Single dark blue
stripe running from upper endof gill opening to caudal-finbase
D Indo-West Pacific (eastern
coast of Africa to Japan andSamoa)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 14 cm SL(H. Hata)

H. dispilonotus, UPVMI 886, 72.2 mm SL

H. quadrimaculatus, KAUM–I. 91974, 72.0 mm SL (preserved specimen)

Family Clupeidae

Sardinella gibbosa(Bleeker 1849)
En Goldstripe Sardinella

S. gibbosa, KAUM–I. 80668, 110.5 mm SL

C ● 8 pelvic-fin rays ● 45–59
lower gill rakers on first gillarch ● Body scales withvertical striae not meetingat center and numerous
perforations on posterior part
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Taiwan and Indonesia), except for Red Sea
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 15 cm SL(H. Hata)

S. gibbosa, KAUM–I. 80768, 103.3 mm SL

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Family Clupeidae

Sardinella cf. longiceps
Valenciennes 1847
En Indian Oil Sardine

S. cf. longiceps, KAUM–I. 62924, 116.9 mm SL

S. cf. longiceps, UPVMI 280, 131.4 mm SL

Sardinella sp., KAUM–I. 62932, 73.0 mm SL

C ● 9 pelvic-fin rays ● Head
length ca. 30% SL ● About 240
lower gill rakers in 17 cm SL
specimen ● Body depth lessthan 30% SL ● Body dark blue
dorsally, whitish silver ventrally● Black spot on upper part of
opercleD Philippines
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 17 cm SL
R Abundant around Panay I.
(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Sardinella sp.
En —C ● Black spot on dorsal-fin
origin ● Upper part of dorsal
fin jet black ● 54–55 lower gillrakers on first gill arch ● Verticalstriae on scales overlapping acrosscenter of scale
D Philippines
H Unknown
S 9 cm SL
R Although this species resembles
S. fijiense in having the dorsal
fin with the jet black upper part,the former differs from the latterby having fewer gill rakers (vs.
87–134 lower gill rakers on firstgill arch in S. fijiense)(H. Hata)

Family Clupeidae

Spratelloides delicatulus
Sardinella sp., KAUM–I. 80744, 84.4 mm SL(Bennett 1832)
En Delicate Round Herring

C ● Body without silver stripe ●Maxilla toothless ● 35–41 lateralline scales
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa toJapan and Society Is.); a single
specimen collected from eastern
Mediterranean Sea
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 9 cm SL(H. Hata)

S. delicatulus, KAUM–I. 62915, 40.0 mm SL

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

43

Family Clupeidae

Spratelloides gracilis(Temminck & Schlegel 1842)
En Silver Stripe Round Herring
C ● Body with silver stripe
from eye to caudal-fin base ●Maxilla with teeth ● 42–48
lateral-line scales
D Indo-Pacific (Tanzania toJapan and Tuamotu Is.)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 10 cm SL(H. Hata)

S. gracilis, KAUM–I. 62916, 45.1 mm SL

Family Engraulidae

Encrasicholina heteroloba(Rüppell 1837)
En Devis' Anchovy

C ● Posterior tip of upper jaw
extending beyond posterior
margin of preopercle ●Dorsal and anal fins with 3
unbranched rays ● 20–26
lower gill rakers on first gillarch
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and Tonga)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 8 cm SL
R Encrasicholina devisi,
previously treated as a validname for this species, hasbeen now regarded as a juniorsynonym of E. heteroloba;
a species previously treatedas E. heteroloba has been
identified as E. pseudoheteroloba (see Hata & Motomura
2016)(H. Hata)

E. heteroloba, KAUM–I. 63061, 76.7 mm SL

Family Engraulidae

Encrasicholina
pseudoheteroloba(Hardenberg 1933)
En Shorthead Anchovy
C ● Posterior tip of upper jaw
extending beyond posterior
margin of preopercle ●Dorsal and anal fins with 2
unbranched rays
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Japan and Samoa)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 8 cm SL
R Frequently landed at markets in July to August around
Panay I.
(H. Hata)

E. pseudoheteroloba, UPVMI 548, 78.6 mm SL

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Family Engraulidae

Encrasicholina punctifer
Fowler 1938
En Buccaneer Anchovy

E. punctifer, KAUM–I. 80647, 58.3 mm SL

E. punctifer, KAUM–I. 57169, 32.5 mm SL

C ● Posterior tip of upper
jaw not reaching to anterior
margin of preopercle ●Dorsal and anal fins with 2
unbranched rays ● 34–44
total gill rakers on first gillarch
D Eastern Indian and Pacificoceans (Andaman Sea toJapan and French Polynesia)
H Pelagic; oceanic waters
S 10 cm SL
R Frequently landed at markets in November around
Panay I.
(H. Hata)

Family Engraulidae

Engraulis japonica

Temminck & Schlegel 1846
En Japanese Anchovy

E. japonica, KAUM–I. 62963, 79.0 mm SL

C ● Body rather cylindrical ●No pre- and post-pelvic scutes● Head and body blackish
blue dorsally and silvery inadultsD Western Pacific (Sakhalin
to Indonesia)
H Pelagic; coastal and oceanic waters
S 15 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Engraulidae

Stolephorus indicus(van Hasselt 1823)
En Indian Anchovy
S. indicus, KAUM–I. 62917, 117.6 mm SL

S. indicus, KAUM–I. 80756, 75.9 mm SL

C ● Posterior tip of upper
jaw reaching to or extending
slightly beyond anterior
margin of preopercle ● 20–26
lower gill rakers on first gillarch ● Melanophores on posttemporal region and bases of
dorsal and anal fins
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Pelagic; coastal and oceanic waters
S 15 cm SL(H. Hata)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

45

Family Engraulidae

Stolephorus waitei

Jordan & Seale 1926
En Spotty-face Anchovy
C ● Posterior tip of upper jaw
extending beyond posterior
margin of preopercle ●Posterior border of preopercle
convex ● Black spots on tipof lower jaw and below eye
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to
Philippines and Australia)
H Pelagic; coastal and oceanic waters
S 9 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Engraulidae

Stolephorus sp.
En —C ● Posterior tip of upper jaw
extending beyond posterior
margin of preopercle ●Posterior border of preopercle
convex ● No scute on dorsalfin origin ● Paired black
longitudinal stripes on
dorsum, anterior to dorsal-fin
originD Philippines
H Unknown
S 9 cm SL
R Although this species
resembles S. commersonnii
Lacepède 1803, the former isdistinguished from the latterby having 10 transverse scales(scale rows between originof dorsal fin and midline ofventral surface; vs. 8 in S.
commersonnii)(H. Hata)

S. waitei, KAUM–I. 62920, 59.0 mm SL

Stolephorus sp., KAUM–I. 80755, 85.2 mm SL

Stolephorus sp., KAUM–I. 80770, 76.2 mm SL

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Family Chirocentridae

Chirocentrus dorab(Forsskål 1775)
En Dorab Wolf-herring

C. dorab, UPVMI 1721, 294.7 mm SL

C. dorab, UPVMI 1720, 290.0 mm SL

C ● 16–18 dorsal-fin rays ● 29–36
anal-fin rays ● 13–16 pectoral-fin
rays ● 6 pelvic-fin rays ● Black
marking on upper part of dorsal fin● Pectoral fin relatively short, its
length 11–13% of SL
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
and Red Sea to Japan, Solomon Is.,and Australia)
H Inshore waters
S 1 m SLR Important fishery targets; caught
with gillnets, seines, shallow
trawls, and traps(S. Ishikawa)

Family Chanidae

Chanos chanos
C. dorab, UPVMI 171, 209.4 mm SL

C. chanos, UPVMI 560, 245.5 mm SL(Forsskål 1775)
En Milkfish

C ● 13–17 dorsal-fin rays ● 8–11
anal-fin rays ● 15–17 pectoral-fin
rays ● 75–90 lateral-line scales ●Dorsal fin at midpoint of body ●Eye covered with adipose tissue ●Caudal fin large, deeply forked
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa and
Red Sea to Japan, Hawaiian Is.,and Australia), eastern Pacific(Panama); Mediterranean Sea(immigrant)
H Fresh, brackish, and coastal
waters
S 1.5 m TL
R Reared at fish ponds; marketed
fresh, dried, canned, and smoked(R. S. Cruz)

Family Gonorynchidae

Gonorynchus abbreviatus
Temminck & Schlegel 1846
En Bighead Beaked Sandfish

G. abbreviatus, KAUM–I. 62993, 215.9 mm SL

C ● Body cylindrical ● Snoutlong, pointed ● Single barbel atlower jaw ● Body brown, tip ofeach fin black
D Northwestern Pacific (Japan toPhilippines)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms at
depths of 50–100 m
S 40 cm SL(Y. Haraguchi)

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47

Family Ariidae

Arius arenarius(Müller & Troschel 1849)
En Sand Catfish
C ● 3 pairs of barbels ●Dorsal- and pectoral-fin
spines not especially thickand granulated ● Teeth onpalate (= roof of mouth) small
conical with somewhat sharp
tips ● 2 tooth patches on eachside of palate ● Anterior patch
small and round, posterior
one large and ovate-triangular
D Western Pacific (China,
Vietnam, and Philippines)
H Coastal inshore waters
S 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Ariidae

Arius disper

A. arenarius, UPVMI 605, 181.1 mm SL

Herre 1926
En Fleshysnout Catfish
C ● 3 pairs of barbels ●Maxillary barbel flattened● Snout broadly rounded
and fleshy ● Teeth on palate
granular with sharp or blunttips ● Single tooth patch oneach side of palate; small,ovate or ovate-triangular
D Western Pacific (Taiwan
and Philippines)
H Coastal inshore waters,
estuaries, and brackish waterlagoons
S 35 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Ariidae

Plicofollis argyropleuron(Valenciennes 1840)
En Longsnouted Catfish

C ● 3 pairs of barbels ● Headlong and depressed ● Teethon palate granular with blunttips ● 2 tooth patches on eachside of palate longitudinallyarranged; anterior patch small,often edentate; posterior patch
oblongD Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Philippines and Australia)
H Coastal waters and estuaries
S 45 cm SL(S. Kimura)A. disper, UPVMI 606, 171.3 mm SL

P. argyropleuron, UPVMI 926, 213.8 mm SL

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P. canius, UPVMI 456, 453.9 mm SL

Family Plotosidae

Plotosus canius
Hamilton 1822
En Gray Eel-catfish

P. lineatus, UPVMI 569, 205.6 mm SL

C ● I, 4–5 dorsal-fin rays ●130–140 dorsal-procurrentcaudal-fin rays ● Nasal
and maxillary barbels long,reaching at least to pectoralfin base ● Head and bodyuniformly dark brown, except
for whitish abdomen
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to New
Guinea)H Lagoons and estuaries
S 1.5 m SL
(K. Kawama)

Family Plotosidae

Plotosus lineatus(Thunberg 1787)
En Striped Eel-catfish

S. isarankurai, UPVMI 512, 123.3 mm SL

Family Synodontidae

Saurida isarankurai
Shindo & Yamada 1972
En Shortjaw Lizardfish

C ● I, 4 dorsal-fin rays ● 89–
111 dorsal-procurrent-caudalfin rays ● 25–31 gill rakers● Head and body brown,
becoming cream or whiteventrally ● 2 to 3 narrow paleyellow longitudinal stripes on
body, 2 extending onto head
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and Samoa)
H Reefs, open coastal areas,and estuaries
S 32 cm TL(K. Kawama)

C ● Snout short, lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper jaw when mouth closed ● Pectoral fin long, reaching beyond a linefrom anterior margin of dorsal fin to anterior base of pelvic fin ● Scales somewhat deciduous ● Lower lobe of caudal fin slightly
longer than upper lobe ● Body dusky above lateral line, whitish below ● Pectoral fin blackish
D South China Sea, Philippines, and southwestern Pacific
H Sandy and muddy bottoms, usually in deeper water, 65–300 m
S 12 cm SL
R Saurida isarankurai is distinct from all other Indo-West Pacific species of Saurida in having the lower jaw slightly longer
than upper, visible from above in some specimens when mouth is closed, only 1–2 rows of teeth on the tongue, and lower lobe of
the caudal fin slightly longer than the upper lobe
(B. C. Russell)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

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Family Synodontidae

Saurida nebulosa

Valenciennes 1849
En Clouded Lizardfish
C ● Pectoral fin very short, notreaching near a line from anterior
margin of dorsal fin to anterior baseof pelvic fin ● Body brownish on
back, with 7–8 indefinite darker
brownish bars extending to justbelow lateral line ● Silvery white
below lateral line ● Dorsal andcaudal fins with indistinct dusky bars
D Indo-West Pacific
H Usually associated with sandy
areas close to coral and rocky reefs
in shallow water
S 17 cm SL
R This species is easily confusedwith another reef associated species, S.
gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824), but
has shorter pectoral fins, and tends tolack dark bars on the pelvic and anal
fins of S. gracilis. Further taxonomic
studies are needed for this group(B. C. Russell)

S. nebulosa, UPVMI 1626, 114.5 mm SL

Family Synodontidae

Saurida sp. 1
En —C ● Pectoral fin very short, notreaching near a line from anterior
margin of dorsal fin to anterior baseof pelvic fin ● Scales somewhat
deciduous ● Body dusky above
lateral line, silvery below ● Caudal
fin dusky, lower lobe of fin blackish
D Philippines
H Sandy and muddy bottom
S 7 cm SL
R Further taxonomic studies areneeded for this group(B. C. Russell)

Saurida sp. 1, UPVMI 320, 65.2 mm SL

Family Synodontidae

Saurida sp. 2
En —C ● Pectoral fin short, not quite
reaching a line from anterior marginof dorsal fin to anterior base of pelvic
fin ● Body brownish above lateralline, becoming lighter below, ventral
surface silvery ● Posterior marginand lower lobe of caudal fin dusky
D Philippines
H Sandy and muddy bottom
S 21 cm SL
R Further taxonomic studies areneeded for this group(B. C. Russell)

Saurida sp. 2, UPVMI 187, 207.2 mm SL

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Family Synodontidae

Saurida sp. 3
En —C ● Pectoral fin short, not quite
reaching a line from anterior marginof dorsal fin to anterior base of pelvic
fin ● Body brownish above lateral line,
becoming lighter below, ventral surface
silvery ● Upper edge of caudal fin with
5–6 black spots, posterior margin andlower lobe of caudal fin dusky
D Philippines
H Sandy and muddy bottom
S 13 cm SL
R Further taxonomic studies are needed
for this group(B. C. Russell)

Family Synodontidae

Synodus macrops
Saurida sp. 3, UPVMI 504, 131.3 mm SL

S. macrops, KAUM–I. 62996, 113.4 mm SL

Tanaka 1917
En Triple Cross Lizardfish
C ● Snout moderately long, sharply
pointed ● Pectoral fins reaching a linefrom dorsal-fin origin to anterior baseof pelvic fins ● Back greyish brownabove lateral line, 3 conspicuous lateral
dark X-shaped patches with smaller,
poorly defined dark patches between on
sides of body
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms, in deeper
water, 35–200 m
S 11 cm SL(B. C. Russell)

Family Synodontidae

Synodus oculeus

Cressey 1981
En Large-eye Lizardfish

S. oculeus, KAUM–I. 63038, 182.2 mm SL

S. oculeus, UPVMI 503, 123.2 mm SL

C ● Snout short, eye large ● Scales
deciduous ● Head reddish, with 2 bluishbands behind eye extending obliquely
down onto preopercle which is also
bluish ● Upper part of body reddish
with 7–8 darker reddish bars extending
to just below lateral line ● Flanks andventral surface silvery pink ● Base ofpelvic fins bright lemon yellow
D Indo-West Pacific
H Sandy and muddy bottoms in depths
to about 100 m
S 18 cm SL
R This species is provisionally identified as S. oculeus but further work isneeded to confirm its identity(B. C. Russell)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

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Family Synodontidae

Synodus tectus

Cressey 1981
En Tectus Lizardfish
C ● Snout sharply pointed● Pectoral fins reaching aline from dorsal-fin origin toanterior base of pelvic fins● Head pinkish, prominent
pigment spot at upper distal
corner of operculum ●Greenish pink on back, with
7–8 darker brownish saddles
on back, these forming semicircular elongate spots below
lateral line
D Western Pacific Ocean
H Sandy or muddy bottoms,
in depths to about 85 m
S 18 cm SL
R This species is very similar
to S. hoshinonis Tanaka 1917
and further taxonomic work
is required to determine thevalidity of these two species(B. C. Russell)

S. tectus, UPVMI 1275, 126.6 mm SL

T. trachinus, KAUM–I. 51654, 185.7 mm SL

Family Synodontidae

Trachinocephalus trachinus(Temminck & Schlegel 1846)
En Blunt Nose Lizardfish

C ● Snout blunt and reduced, always shorter than eye diameter ● Lower jaw extending beyond upper jaw with strongly obliquemouth ● Pectoral fin and distal portions of dorsal, caudal and anal fins pale to dark yellow ● Body with yellow and bluish
stripes, all bordered by a narrow dark brownish line especially on back and sides, ventral surface pale ● Oval black spot above
dorsal edge of operculum ● Conspicuous dark blotch below eye, extending from premaxilla to chin
D Indo-West Pacific
H Sandy and muddy bottoms in estuaries and inshore waters to 200 m
S 23 cm SL
R This species has previously been identified as T. myops (Forster 1801). However, Polanco et al (2016) have shown that species
is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean and T. trachinus is the valid name for the widely distributed Indo-West Pacific species(B. C. Russell)

Family Paralepididae

Lestolepis japonica(Tanaka 1908)
En Japanese Barracudina
C ● Small black papilla infront of eye ● Dorsal fin
originating above midway
between pelvic-fin base andanal-fin origin ● 36–40 analfin rays
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (northwestern
Australia; Japan to South
China Sea)
H Deep-sea, 240–732 m depth
S 17 cm TL(N. Nakayama)

L. japonica, KAUM–I. 57182, 158+ mm SL

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Family Myctophidae

Diaphus chrysorhynchus
Gilbert & Cramer 1897
En Golden-nosed Lanternfish

C ● 4 precaudal luminous
organ (Prc) ● Tips of caudal
fin prominently black● Antorbital luminous
organ (Ant) present along
anterodorsal margin of eye● Ve n t r o n a s a l l u m i n o u sorgan (Vn) long, extending
posteroventrally beyond
vertical through midorbit ●Body scales highly deciduous
D Eastern Indian and Pacificoceans (Western Australia toJapan, Hawaiian Is., and New
Caledonia)
H Mesopelagic, depth range≤190 m at night, 418–600 m
in daylightS 8 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

D. chrysorhynchus, KAUM–I. 57183, 69.2 mm SL

Family Myctophidae

Diaphus fragilisTåning 1928
En Fragile Lanternfish

D. fragilis, KAUM–I. 51669, 100.4 mm SL

D. fragilis, KAUM–I. 80787, 71.7 mm SL

C ● 4 precaudal luminous
organ (Prc) ● Caudal fin
uniformly pale ● Antorbital
luminous organ (Ant)present along anterodorsal
margin of eye ● Ventronasal
luminous organ (Vn) short,
its posteroventral margin notreaching vertical throughmidorbit ● Body scales highly
deciduous
D Worldwide in tropical andtemperate waters
H Mesopelagic; depth range≤125 m at night, 375–750 m
in daylight
S 10 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

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53

Family Myctophidae

Myctophum asperum
Richardson 1845
En Prickly Lanternfish

C ● 2 precaudal luminous
organ (Prc) ● Body uniformly
black ● Body scales ctenoid
and not deciduous ● Total
14–18 gill rakers on first arch
D Tropical and temperatewaters of the world oceans
H Mesopelagic; depth range≤125 m at night, 425–750 m
in daylightS 7 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

M. asperum, KAUM–I. 57188, 48.9 mm SL

Family Myctophidae

Symbolophorus evermanni(Gilbert 1905)
En Evermann's Lanternfish

C ● 2 precaudal luminous
organ (Prc) ● Oral cavity
pale ● Body scales highly
deciduous
D Indian and Pacific oceans(eastern Africa to Panama andEcuador)H Mesopelagic; depth range≤125 m at night, 600–1150 m
in daylightS 8 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

M. asperum, KAUM–I. 80870, 51.9 mm SL

Family Myctophidae

Symbolophorus sp.
En —C ● 2 precaudal luminous
organ (Prc) ● Oral cavity
black ● Body scales highly
deciduous
D Philippines
H Probably mesopelagic;
depth unknown
S 8 cm SL
R Similar to S. evermanni(Gilbert 1905), but readily
differs in having a black oralcavity (vs. pale); further
studies are necessary whenmore specimens become
available(N. Nakayama)

S. evermanni, KAUM–I. 80704, 76.3 mm SL

Symbolophorus sp., KAUM–I. 80845, 75.3 mm SL

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Family Bregmacerotidae

Bregmaceros sp. 1
En —C ● Numerous black melanophores
densely scattered over head andbody ● I-48 dorsal-fin rays ● 52
anal-fin rays
D Philippines
H Mesopelagic; depth unknown
S 6 cm SL
R Taxonomy of Bregmaceros has
been controversial, with many
species still awaiting description;
the genus needs taxonomic revision(N. Nakayama)

Bregmaceros sp. 1, KAUM–I. 69463, 61.4 mm SL

Family Bregmacerotidae

Bregmaceros sp. 2
En —C ● Small black melanophores
serially arranged along dorsal
contour of body ● Lower 2/3–3/4
of body immaculate ● I-44 dorsalfin rays ● 44–46 anal-fin rays
D Philippines
H Mesopelagic; depth unknown
S 3 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

Family Macrouridae

Coelorinchus argus
Bregmaceros sp. 2, UPVMI 179, 33.6 mm SL

Weber 1913
En Eyespot GrenadierC ● Snout short, acutely pointed● Underside of head completely
naked ● Large black ocellus above
pectoral-fin base
D Philippines and Indonesia
H Benthopelagic; 247–538 m depth
S 25 cm TL(N. Nakayama)

C. argus, UPVMI 1685, 248+ mm TL

Family Macrouridae

Coelorinchus macrorhynchus
Smith & Radcliffe 1912
En Bigsnout Whiptail

C. macrorhynchus, UPVMI 1506, 776.0 mm TL

C ● Snout long, acutely pointed● Underside of head completely
scaled ● Body uniformly dark
D Philippines and Australia (bothwestern and eastern coasts)
H Benthopelagic; 329–1175 m
depth
S 78 cm TL(N. Nakayama)

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Family Ophidiidae

Hoplobrotula armata(Temminck & Schlegel 1846)
En Armored Cusk
C ● 85–90 dorsal-fin rays ● Sensory porejust above anterior nostril ● Posterior tip ofpelvic fin not extending beyond head
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Sandy bottoms in depths of 70–440 m
S 70 cm SL
R Not common around Panay I. The present
specimen was caught by a hand line at a
depth of 150 m or deeper(U. B. Alama)

H. armata, UPVMI 9504, 439.7 mm SL (preserved specimen)

Family Ophidididae

Ophidion muraenolepis
Günther 1880
En Blackedge Cusk

C ● Body scales elongate, arranged inbasket-weave pattern ● Pelvic fin present,
originating blow eye ● Dorsal fin edged withblack
D Eastern Indian and Pacific oceans (Western
Australia to Japan and Hawaiian Is.)
H Benthopelagic; depth range 80–320 m
S 20 cm SL
R A senior synonym of O. asiro (Jordan &Fowler 1902) (see Nielsen et al. 1999)(N. Nakayama)

O. muraenolepis, KAUM–I. 52608, 161.9 mm SL

Family Carapidae

Encheliophis homei(Richardson 1846)
En Silver Pearlfish

C ● 17–21 pectoral-fin rays ● No pelvic fin ●16–19 abdominal vertebrae
D Indo-Pacific (Madagascar to Japan andSociety Is.)H Commensal in sea cucumbers
S 19 cm TL(T. Inaba)

E. homei, KAUM–I. 56079, 117.9 mm TL

Family Antennariidae

Antennarius hispidus(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Hispid Frogfish
C ● 10–11 pectoral-fin rays ● 9 caudal-fin
rays ● Esca with numerous filaments ● Gill
opening located below pectoral fin
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa toJapan and Fiji)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 15 cm SL(T. Yoshida)

A. hispidus, KAUM–I. 69408, 39.5 mm SL

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Family Antennariidae

Antennarius striatus(Shaw 1794)
En Striated Frogfish

A. striatus, KAUM–I. 56096, 55.1 mm SL

C ● 9–12 pectoral-fin rays ●9 caudal-fin rays ● Esca with
2–7 worm-like appendages ●Gill opening located below
pectoral fin
D Tropical Atlantic Ocean andIndo-Pacific
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 16 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
but rarely found at markets(T. Yoshida)

Family Antennariidae

Histrio histrio(Linnaeus 1758)
En Sargassum Frogfish
C ● 9–11 pectoral-fin rays
● 7 caudal-fin rays ● Bodysmooth with skin flaps
D Te m p e r a t e t o t r o p i c a lwaters of world, except central
and eastern Pacific
H Drifting with floating seaweeds
S 14 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
but rarely found at markets(T. Yoshida)

H. histrio, UPVMI 1281, 45.9 mm SL

Family Ogcocephalidae

Halieutaea stellata(Vahl 1979)
En Batfish

C ● Body disc-shaped withpointed tubercles on dorsalside and margins ● Body
reddish, mottled with dark
blotches on dorsal side ● 4–5
dorsal-fin rays ● 4 anal-fin
rays ● 12–14 pectoral-fin rays
D Eastern Indian and Pacificoceans (Western Australia toJapan and French Polynesia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
in depths of 50–400 m
S 30 cm TL
R Common around Panay I.
(A. M. T. Guzman)

H. stellata, UPVMI 2098, 152.3 mm SL (preserved specimen)

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Family Berycidae

Centroberyx druzhinini(Busakhin 1981)
En Flathead Alfonsino

C ● 5–7 dorsal-fin spines● Body oval, strongly
compressed laterally ● No
spines on lacrimal ● Anal-finbase length slightly shorter
than dorsal-fin base length ●Body reddish dorsally, pinkish
silver ventrally
D We s t e r n I n d i a n O c e a n(Madagascar to Saya-deMalha Bank) and western
Pacific Ocean (Japan to South
China Sea)
H Rocky reefs in depths of
100–300 m
S 30 cm SL(Y. Haraguchi)

C. druzhinini, UPVMI 797, 168.3 mm SL

Family Holocentridae

Myripristis amaena(Castelnau 1873)
En Brick Soldierfish

C ● Blackish area on opercular flap extending under
opercular spines ● Upper partof eye black ● 12–13 analfin soft rays ● Body silver injuveniles and reddish in adults
D Pacific Ocean (Japan to
Pitcairn Is.)
H Hiding in caves andbeneath ledges
S 26 cm TL(T. Inaba)

M. amaena, KAUM–I. 80862, 36.2 mm SL

Family Holocentridae

Myripristis chryseres

Jordan & Evermann 1903
En Yellowfin Soldierfish
C ● All fins, except for pectoral fins, bright yellow ● No
scales on pectoral-fin axil ●Lower jaw projecting
D Indo-Pacific (eastern coastof Africa to Hawaiian Is. andSamoa)H Rocky reefs deeper than
30 m depth; rarely foundshallower waters
S 20 cm SL
R Rarely marketed; nocturnal(T. Inaba)

M. chryseres, UPVMI 703, 80861, 177.1 mm SL

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Family Holocentridae

Myripristis hexagona(Lacepède 1802)
En Doubletooth Soldierfish
C ● Pectoral-fin axil with small
scales ● Lower jaw with 2 pairs of
tooth patches in adults, a pair of
tooth patches in juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan, Australia, and Samoa)
H Sheltered coastal and offshore
reefs in depths of 3–40 m
S 20 cm TL(T. Inaba)

M. hexagona, KAUM–I. 80861, 71.5 mm SL

Family Holocentridae

Ostichthys japonicus(Cuvier 1829)
En Japanese Solderfish

O. japonicus, KAUM–I. 62945, 129.1 mm SL

C ● XII, 12–14 dorsal-fin rays ●IV, 10–12 anal-fin rays ● 16–17
pectoral-fin rays ● 5 preopercularscale rows ● 28–30 lateral-line
scales ● 9–10 prepelvic scales ●Height of suborbital depth 2.4–3.3
in eye diameter ● Penultimate
dorsal-fin spine length 0.7–1.0 inlast dorsal-fin spine
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea toJapan and Australia)
H Deepwaters in depths of 90–700m
S 41 cm TL
R The present specimens represent
the first records of the species fromthe Philippines(T. Inaba)

O. japonicus, KAUM–I. 52612, 120.2 mm SL

O. japonicus, KAUM–I. 51657, 121.9 mm SL

O. japonicus, UPVMI 1624, 188.2 mm SL

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59

Family Holocentridae

Sargocentron rubrum(Forsskål 1775)
En Russet Squirrelfish

C ● Cheek with 5 scale rows
● 1–2 narrow dark red stripeson dorsal side of body ●Posterior edge of pelvic fin
reddishD Indo-West Pacific (eastern
coast of Africa to Japan and
Vanuatu), Mediterranean Sea
H Coastal silty reefs in depths
of 1–84 m
S 27 cm TL(T. Inaba)

Family Trachichthyidae

Hoplostethus metallicus
Fowler 1938
En Metallic Roughy

C ● V, 13 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8–10 anal-fin rays ●I, 6 pelvic-fin rays ● Body
oval, compressed laterally● Pored lateral-line scales
enlarged and diamondshaped ● Triangular spine
on preopercle ● Scutes along
mid-ventral abdomen between
pelvic and anal fins
D Philippines
H Deepwater from 50 to 550m
S 12 cm SL
R Rarely found in markets(R. S. Cruz)

S. rubrum, UPVMI 621, 200.7 mm SL

H. metallicus, UPVMI 2097, 123.5 mm SL (preserved specimen)

Family Zeidae

Zeus faber

Linnaeus 1758
En John DoryC ● Body oval, strongly compressed laterally ● Mouth
large, protruding forward ● Alarge black blotch on middle
of body
D Eastern Atlantic (including
Western Baltic Sea, North
Sea, Mediterranean Sea, andBlack Sea) and Indo-West
Pacific
H Sandy and muddy areas;usually shallower than 400 m
depth
S 90 cm TL(Y. Haraguchi)

Z. faber, KAUM–I. 56083, 146.3 mm SL

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A. malayana, UPVMI 173, 56.6 mm SL

Family Caproidae

Antigonia malayana

Weber 1913
En Malayan Deepsea Boarfish
C ● 43–50 scales along
lateral line ● 19–21 gill rakers● No spines on articulate ●Notches at upper profile ofbody above eye ● Upper-jaw
length 1.5 in eye diameter ●Depth of scale ridge muchlarger than length of marginal
cteniasD Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans
H Usually collected fromnear bottoms
S 6 cm SL(H. Hata)

A. rubicunda, KAUM–I. 63021, 37.7 mm SL

Family Caproidae

Antigonia rubicunda

Ogilby 1910
En Rosy Deepsea Boarfish
C ● 40–46 scales along
lateral line ● 19–25 gillrakers ● Spines on articulate● Notches at upper profile ofbody above eye ● Upper-jaw
length 1.9 in eye diameter ●Depth of scale ridge less thanlength of marginal ctenias
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia and New Zealand)
H Usually collected in depthsof 182–350 m
S 8 cm SL(H. Hata)
Family Pegasidae

Pegasus volitans
Linnaeus 1758
En Slender Seamoth

C ● 12 tail rings ● A spine onlast tail ring ● Double ventral
preopercular notches
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy-muddy bottoms ofcoastal shallow waters
S 11 cm SL
R Superficially similar to P.
tetrabelos Osterhage et al.
2016(S. Chungthanawong)

Family Fistularidae

Fistularia commersonii
Rüppell 1838
En Bluespotted Cornetfish
P. volitans, KAUM–I. 62959, 86.4 mm SL

F. commersonii, KAUM–I. 69411, 118.7 mm SL

F. commersonii, UPVMI 1284, 319.0 mm SL

C ● Body light green or
brown ● No sharp retrorse
spines on lateral caudal
peduncle
D Southeastern Atlantic andIndo-Pacific oceans, andMediterranean Sea (Red Sea
immigrant)
H Coastal shallow waters
S 1 m SL(S. Chungthanawong)

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61

Family Fistularidae

Fistularia petimba
Lacepède 1803
En Red Cornetfish

C ● Body red ● Sharp retrorse spines on lateral caudal
peduncle
D Circumglobal in tropicalto temperate seas, except foreastern Pacific Ocean
H Continental shelves
S 2 m SL(S. Chungthanawong)

Family Centriscidae

Centriscus scutatus
Linnaeus 1758
En Grooved Razor-fish

C ● 11–12 anal-fin rays ●First dorsal-fin spine fusedwith body armor plate ●Interorbital grooved
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Japan
and Vanuatu)
H Muddy area of coastal
watersS 14 cm TL
R Usually seen in schools
with Aeoliscus strigatus(Günther 1861) in depths of
2–15 m
(K. Koeda)

F. petimba, UPVMI 457, 798.0 mm SL

C. scutatus, UPVMI 798, 57.9 mm SL

C. scutatus, KAUM–I. 63029, 79.5 mm SL

Family Mugilidae

Chelon melinopterus(Valenciennes 1836)
En Otomebora Mullet

C ● 26–29 scale rows in longitudinal series ● Posterior
end of maxilla exposed whenm outh closed ● Adipose
eyelid not developed ●Pectoral-fin base uniformly
silverD Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Marquesas Is.)
H Brackish-water regions ofrivers and in bays
S 15 cm SL
R Feeds on detritus, small
algae, and diatoms; seen inschools(H. Senou)

C. melinopterus, UPVMI 937, 168.1 mm SL

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C. subviridis, KAUM–I. 80852, 132.9 mm SL

Family Mugilidae

Chelon subviridis(Valenciennes 1836)
En Greenback Mullet

E. vaigiensis, KAUM–I. 80851, 143.4 mm SL

C ● 27–33 scale rows in longitudinal
series ● Posterior end of maxilla
exposed when mouth closed ● Adipose
eyelid well developed ● Pectoral-finbase uniformly silver
D Indo-West Pacific (Arabian Sea toJapan and New Caledonia)
H Coastal shallow waters, and frombrackish-water to freshwater regions ofriversS 20 cm SL
R Feeds on detritus, small algae, anddiatoms; seen in schools(H. Senou)

Family Mugilidae

Ellochelon vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Squaretail Mullet
M. perusii, KAUM–I. 80737, 113.5 mm SL

Family Mugilidae

Moolgarda perusii(Valenciennes 1836)
En Longfinned Mullet

C ● 31–34 scale rows in longitudinal series ● Posterior end of maxilla not exposed
when mouth closed ● Adipose eyelid well developed ● Upper end of pectoral-finbase with a black spot
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea to Tuamotu Is.); introduced to Hawaiian Is.
H Shallow waters in bays, brackish-water regions of rivers
S 16 cm SL
R Feeds on detritus, small algae, and diatoms; seen in schools(H. Senou)

C ● 25–29 scale rows in longitudinal
series ● Caudal fin almost truncate ●Pectoral fin black ● Caudal fin yellowish
D Indo-Pacific (Red Sea to TuamotuIs.), except for Hawaiian Is.
H Coastal shallow waters, brackishwater regions of rivers; juveniles often
seen in beaches of lagoons
S 32 cm SL
R Feeds on detritus, small algae,
diatoms and various benthic organisms;
seen in small schools; juveniles mimicfloating bubbles(H. Senou)

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Family Atherinidae

Atherinomorus duodecimalis(Valenciennes 1835)
En Tropical Silverside

C ● Upper margin of dentarywith a tubercle at posterior
end ● 12–13 anal-fin rays ●Midlateral band narrow
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Japan and Australia)
H Estuaries to the open coastS 8 cm SL(R. Matsuo)

A. duodecimalis, UPVMI 325, 59.6 mm SL

Family Atherinidae

Hypoatherina temminckii(Bleeker 1854)
En Samoan Silverside

C ● Body slender and elongate ● Ascending process ofpremaxilla long and slender● 38–42 midlateral scales● Axillary scale elongatedposteriorly
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andAustralia), except for Red Sea
H Rocky shore and seagrassarea
S 9 cm SL(R. Matsuo)

A. duodecimalis, KAUM–I. 56059, 65.6 mm SL

H. temminckii, UPVMI 203, 63.6 mm SL

Family Hemiramphidae

Euleptorhamphus viridis(van Hasselt 1823)
En Ribbon Halfbeak

C ● Body and lower jaw
elongated ● Pectoral finvery long ● 21–25 dorsal-fin
rays ● 20–25 anal-fin rays ●8–9 pectoral-fin rays ● No
markings on fins
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
and Red Sea to Hawaiian Is.,
Tonga, and New Zealand),eastern Pacific (California to
Galápagos Is.)
H Pelagic
S 53 cm TL
R Common around Panay I.
(A. M. T. Guzman)

H. temminckii, KAUM–I. 50954, 66.4 mm SL

E. viridis, KAUM–I. 91710, 259.4 mm SL

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Family Hemiramphidae

Hemiramphus archipelagicus

Collette & Parin 1978
En Jumping Halfbeak

H. archipelagicus, KAUM–I. 63031, 132.8 mm SL

C ● 10–13 (usually 12) anal-fin
rays ● Pectoral fins short ● No
spots or bars on sides of body inadultsD Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan toPhilippines)
H Coastal waters
S 23 cm SL(A. C. Gaje)

Family Hemiramphidae

Hemiramphus far
H. far, UPVMI 604, 185.7 mm SL

H. lutkei, UPVMI 279, 172.9 mm SL(Forsskål 1775)
En Black-barred Halfbeak
C ● 9–12 (usually 11) anal-fin
rays ● Pectoral fins short ● 3–9
short dark vertical bars on sidesof body in adults
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan, Tonga, and Australia),
Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea
immigrant)
H Continental coasts and islands
S 33 cm SL(A. C. Gaje)

Family Hemiramphidae

Hemiramphus lutkei
Valenciennes 1847
En Lutke's Halfbeak
H. lutkei, KAUM–I. 80860, 148.1 mm SL

H. lutkei, KAUM–I. 63001, 140.1 mm SL

C ● 12–15 dorsal-fin rays ● 10–
13 anal-fin rays ● 10 pectoralfin rays ● 33–46 gill rakers ● No
black spots on upper side of body
● Tip of lower jaw reddish
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia)
H Coastal waters
S 40 cm SL(S. Ishikawa)

Family Exocoetidae

Cheilopogon arcticeps(Günther 1866)
En Bearhead Flyingfish

C. arcticeps, KAUM–I. 63030, 125.7 mm SL

C ● 8–9 anal-fin rays ● 26–29
pre-dorsal-fin scale rows ● Lower
jaw slightly projecting
D Western Pacific (Japan toThailand and Solomon Is.)H Surface waters of neritic areas
S 21 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

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Family Exocoetidae

Cheilopogon furcatus(Mitchill 1815)
En Spotfin Flyingfish

C ● 9–11 anal-fin rays ●Lower jaw projecting ● Pectoral fins with pale yellow
band
D Topical to temperate watersof Indo-Pacific and Atlantic
oceansH Surface waters of open
ocean
S 30 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

C. furcatus, UPVMI 580, 178.1 mm SL

Family Exocoetidae

Cheilopogon katoptron(Bleeker 1865)
En Indonesian Flyingfish

C ● 23–26 pre-dorsal-fin
scales ● Jaw teeth relatively
large ● Pectoral fins without
bands and spots
D Western Pacific (Indonesia
to Philippines and northern
Australia)
H Surface waters of neriticareas
S 24 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

C. katoptron, UPVMI 345, 135.6 mm SL

Family Exocoetidae

Cypselurus longibarbus(Parin 1961)
En —C. longibarbus, KAUM–I. 62935, 150.0 mm SL

C ● Lower jaw protruding ●Pectoral fin blackish with pale
oblique band
D Tropical to warm-temperate western Pacific
H Surface waters of open
ocean
S 30 cm TL(S. Tashiro)

Family Exocoetidae

Cypselurus naresii

C. naresii, KAUM–I. 62958, 123.1 mm SL(Günther 1889)
En Pharao Flyingfish

C ● 7–9 anal-fin rays ●28–32 pre-dorsal-fin scales ●Pectoral fins blackish without
bands and spots
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Japan and Fiji)
H Surface waters of open
ocean and neritic areas
S 30 cm TL(S. Tashiro)

C. naresii, UPVMI 609, 126.7 mm SL

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Family Exocoetidae

Hirundichthys oxycephalus(Bleeker 1852)
En Bony Flyingfish

C ● 9–12 dorsal-fin rays ●13–14 anal-fin rays ● Pectoral
fin blackish, reaching tocaudal peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (Arabian
Sea to Japan and Solomon Is.)H Surface waters of neritic
areas
S 18 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

H. oxycephalus, KAUM–I. 62936, 156.0 mm SL

Family Exocoetidae

Oxyporhamphus convexus convexus
Weber & de Beaufort 1922
En Flying Halfbeak

C ● Posterior tip of pectoral
fin not reaching to pelvic-fin
origin ● Swimbladder withsmall vesicle
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and New
Ireland, except for coastal
areas of Red to Arabian seas)
H Surface waters of neritic
areas
S 18 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

Family Belonidae
O. convexus convexus, KAUM–I. 62919, 120.6 mm SL

A. hians, UPVMI 582, 390.0 mm SL

Ablennes hians(Valenciennes 1846)
En Flat Needlefish
C ● 24–28 anal-fin rays ●Body with dark vertical bands
D Topical to temperate watersof Indo-Pacific and Atlantic
oceansH Surface waters of open
ocean and neritic areas
S 120 cm TL(S. Tashiro)

Family Belonidae

Strongylura incisa(Valenciennes 1846)
En Reef Needlefish
S. incisa, UPVMI 1623, 722.8 mm SL

S. incisa, UPVMI 1283, 229.0 mm SL

C ● 18–20 dorsal-fin rays ●21–24 anal-fin rays ● Caudal
peduncle without keel
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Maldives toPhilippines and Fiji)
H Surface waters of neritic
areas
S 75 cm SL(S. Tashiro)

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Family Neosebastidae

Neosebastes entaxis

Jordan & Starks 1904
En Oriental Gurnard Perch
C ● 13 long dorsal-fin spines● 7–8 dorsal-fin soft rays ●pectoral fin shorter than head
D Western Pacific (Japan toIndonesia)
H Deep sea rocky reef
S 18 cm SL
R The present specimen
represents the first specimenbased record of the species
from the Philippines(H. Motomura)N. entaxis, KAUM–I. 52618, 152.2 mm SL

Family Scorpaenidae

Pterois russelii

Bennett 1831
En Plaintail Firefish
C ● 13 dorsal-fin spines ●13 pectoral-fin rays ● No
black spots on dorsal, anal, or
caudal fins ● Pelvic fin andinner surface of pectoral fin
with numerous white spots
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Taiwan and
New Caledonia)
H Sandy bottoms amongcoralsS 20 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
but rarely found at markets
due to venomous fin spines(M. Matsunuma)

P. russelii, KAUM–I. 51660, 133.0 mm SL

P. russelii, KAUM–I. 69407, 39.3 mm SL

P. russelii, KAUM–I. 51651, 114.6 mm SL

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Family Scorpaenidae

Pterois volitans(Linnaeus 1758)
En Red Lionfish

C ● 13 dorsal-fin spines ● 14
pectoral-fin rays ● Numerous
black spots on dorsal, anal,and caudal fins ● Ventral
surface of lower jaw andthorax with dark bands
D Eastern Indian and Pacificoceans (Indonesia to Japanand French Polynesia)
H Rocky or coral reefs
S 28 cm SL
R Common around PanayI.; fin spines venomous andhighly dangerous(M. Matsunuma)

P. volitans, UPVMI 626, 250.7 mm SL

Family Scorpaenidae

Scorpaenopsis neglecta
Heckel 1839
En Yellowfin Scorpionfish

S. neglecta, KAUM–I. 56023, 118.2 mm SL

C ● 12 dorsal-fin spines ●Snout pointed ● Inside ofpectoral fin yellowish withblack margin ● Pectoral-fin
axil with numerous blackspots
D Indo-West Pacific (India toJapan and Indonesia)
H Prefers sandy bottom near
rocky reefs
S 18 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
but rarely found at markets(H. Motomura)

Family Scorpaenidae

Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi
Randall & Eschmeyer 2002
En Rama Rao's Scorpionfish

S. ramaraoi, KAUM–I. 56043, 76.9 mm SL

C ● 12 dorsal-fin spines ●Snout pointed ● Anteriorridge of lacrimal with exposed spine ● Body color
variable, but always blackishor brownish
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Japan and New Caledonia)
H Rocky reefs in shallow
watersS 17 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(H. Motomura)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Family Synanceiidae

Inimicus sinensis(Valenciennes 1833)
En Spotted Stinger

C ● Snout length equal to or
longer than postorbital length● XVI–XVIII, 6–9 dorsal-

Family Tetrarogidae

Paracentropogon longispinis(Cuvier 1829)
En Whiteface Waspfish

69

fin rays ● II, 10–13 anal-fin rays ● Large
yellow spots on inner surface of pectoral
fin ● Upper pectoral-fin rays filamentous
only in juveniles
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Sri Lanka to China, Philippines,
and Australia)
H Silt or sandy bottoms
S 24 cm SL(T. Inaba)
I. sinensis, KAUM–I. 56080, 115.6 mm SL

C ● 12–15 dorsal-fin spines ●I, 4 pelvic-fin rays ● Brown orviolet spots on body ● Violet
oblique bands on dorsal andanal fins
D Indo-West Pacific (southern
India to southern China andAustralia)
H Brackish and inshore marine waters
S 8 cm SL
R Poisonous(S. Chungthanawong)

Family Aploactinidae

Acanthosphex leurynnis

P. longispinis, KAUM–I. 80615, 52.4 mm SL(Jordan & Seale 1905)
En Wasp-spine Velvetfish

C ● 3 anterior dorsal-fin
spines separating from fourth
spine ● Bifurcate lacrimal
spines ● 4 strong preopercularspines ● Gill membrane
broadly unite to isthmus
D Indo-West Pacific (India to
China and Australia)
H Rocky and coral bottoms
S 2 cm SL(S. Chungthanawong)

A. leurynnis, KAUM–I. 69430, 20.0 mm SL

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L. hime, KAUM–I. 52622, 89.8 mm SL

Family Triglidae

Lepidotrigla hime

Matsubara & Hiyama 1932
En —C ● Rostral projection composed of single
large spine and several small spines ● Posterior
margin of joined pectoral fin not reaching below
base of sixth dorsal-fin ray ● Inside of joined
pectoral fin uniformly dark blue, except fortranslucent part of lowermost three rays
D Western Pacific (Japan to South China Sea)
H 50–360 m depth
S 16 cm SL(T. Kawai)

Family Triglidae

Lepidotrigla sp.
En —Lepidotrigla sp., KAUM–I. 63057, 89.5 mm SL

C ● Rostral projection composedof single large spine and several
small spines ● Pectoral fin verylarge and posterior margin ofjoined pectoral fin reaching
below base of ninth dorsal-fin
ray ● Inside of joined pectoral
fin greenish brown with single
large black blotch and many small
white spots, except for translucent
part of lowermost three rays
D Panay I.
H Sandy bottom
S 9 cm SL
R This species is similar to L.
punctipectoralis Fowler 1938
in having the same color patternof pectoral fins, but differs fromthe latter in having the very large
pectoral fins (vs. moderate).
Further taxonomic studies areneeded for this group.
(T. Kawai)

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Family Peristediidae

Satyrichthys laticeps(Schlegel 1852)
En —C ● Four lip and 2–5 chin barbels ● Parietal bones unequalin size on midline ● No dusky spots on dorsal fin ● Antrosespines on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japan)
H 60–300 m depth
S 50 cm SL(T. Kawai)S. laticeps, UPVMI 920, 381.4 mm SL

Family Peristediidae

Satyrichthys welchi(Herre 1925)
En —C ● Four lip and 3 chinbarbels ● Parietal bones equalin size on midline ● Many
dusky spots on spinous dorsal
fin ● Antrose spines on upper
lateral bony plates of caudal
peduncle
D Western Pacific (Japan to
New South Wales, Australia)
H 80–230 m depth
S 36 cm SL(T. Kawai)

S. welchi, UPVMI 625, 363.7 mm SL

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Family Platycephalidae

Cymbacephalus nematophthalmus(Günther 1860)
En Fringe-eyed FlatheadC ● Suborbital ridge with 1
spine below eye ● Dermal
papillae on eye ● Deep pit
present posterior to eye
D Western Pacific (Philippines and Johor Shoals toAustralia)
H Shallow rocky coastal areas
S 58 cm SL(H. Imamura)C. nematophthalmus, UPVMI 1664, 178.5 mm SL

Family Platycephalidae

E. ransonnetii, KAUM–I. 62947, 140.0 mm SL

Elates ransonnetii(Steindachner 1876)
En Dwarf FlatheadC ● Head and body slenderand elongate ● Preopercle
with 1 long spine
D Western Pacific (Taiwan toAustralia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 19 cm TL(H. Imamura)

E. ransonnetii, UPVMI 908, 155.5 mm SL

E. ransonnetii, KAUM–I. 69431, 77.7 mm SL

Family Platycephalidae

Inegocia japonica(Cuvier 1829)
En Japanese FlatheadC ● Suborbital ridge with
2 spines ● Dermal papillae
absent on eye ● Deep pit absent posterior to eye
D Indo-West Pacific (Sri Lanka to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 27 cm TL(H. Imamura)I. japonica, UPVMI 317, 78.0 mm SL

I. japonica, UPVMI 1280, 100.3 mm SL

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Family Platycephalidae

Onigocia macrocephala(Weber 1913)
En Southern Notched FlatheadC ● Suborbital ridge roughly serrated ● Dermal flap on eye
long, beyond posterior margin of eye ● Iris lappet short andbranched
D Western Pacific (China and Philippines to Australia)
S 11 cm TL
R This species has long been confused with O. macrolepis(Bleeker 1854) until Imamura (2012) reevaluated the validityof the former(H. Imamura)O. macrocephala, KAUM–I. 69455, 63.9 mm SL

Family Platycephalidae

Platycephalus indicus(Linnaeus 1758)
En Bartail FlatheadC ● Head and body strongly
depressed ● Eye small andinterorbit wide ● Caudal fin
with single yellow blotch
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Taiwan and Indonesia)
H Muddy or sandy shallow
coastal waters
S 50 cm TL(H. Imamura)P. indicus, UPVMI 948, 258.7 mm SL

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Family Platycephalidae

Rogadius tuberculatus(Cuvier 1829)
En Tuberculated FlatheadC ● Dorsal surface of head with spines and tubercles ●Suborbital ridge finely serrated ● Iris lappet scalloped
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 18 cm TL(H. Imamura)

R. tuberculatus, KAUM–I. 80847, 101.0 mm SL

Family Platycephalidae

Suggrundus macracanthus(Bleeker 1869)
En Largespined FlatheadC ● Dorsal surface of headwith spines and tubercles ●Suborbital ridge with manyspines ● Iris lappet bilobed in
adultsD Indo-West Pacific (India
and Sri Lanka to Taiwan and
Coral Sea)
H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 26 cm TL(H. Imamura)S. macracanthus, UPVMI 602, 144.2 mm SL

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Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena macracantha(Bleeker 1854)
En Spotwing Helmet Gurnard

C ● Snout rounded ● Interorbital space, 12–16% SL ●Two free dorsal-fin spines,
first spine long and second
spine short (rarely absent)● Pectoral fin with one dark
blotchD Indo-West Pacific (northern
Indian Ocean to Japan)
H 50–180 m depth
S 17 cm SL(T. Kawai)

D. macracantha, UPVMI 581, 100.8 mm SL

Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena orientalis(Cuvier 1829)
En Oriental Helmet Gurnard

C ● Snout rounded ● Interorbital space, 12–16% SL ●Two free dorsal-fin spines● Many small dark spots on
pectoral fin
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan, Hawaii, andPitcairn I.)
S 35 cm SL(T. Kawai)

D. orientalis, UPVMI 628, 267.1 mm SL

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Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena peterseni(Nyström 1887)
En Starry Helmet Gurnard

C ● Snout rounded ● Single
free dorsal-fin spine ● Body
scales on sides with single
transverse ridge on each scale
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan)
H 20–180 m depth
S 36 cm SL(T. Kawai)

D. peterseni, UPVMI 624, 359.4 mm SL

Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena tiltoni

Eschmeyer 1997
En Plain Helmet Gurnard
C ● Snout pointed ● Single
free dorsal-fin spine ● Body
scales on sides with multiple
transverse ridges on eachscale
D Japan, Philippines, andwestern and northern Australia
H 120–570 m depth
S 15 cm SL(T. Kawai)

D. tiltoni, lateral body and pectoral fin: UPVMI 176, 86.1 mm SL; anterodorsal body: KAUM–I. 63022, 73.1 mm SL

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Family Latidae

Lates calcarifer(Bloch 1790)
En Barramundi

C ● 54–57 pored lateralline scales ● 16–17 lower
gill rakers ● Lateral line
extending onto caudal fin● Mouth large ● Dorsal fin
deeply incised before lastdorsal-fin spine ● 3rd spine
longest in anal fin
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to China and Australia)
H Coastal marine and estuarine waters
S 2 m TL
R Popular food fish
(T. Uejo)

L. calcarifer, UPVMI 190, 137.0 mm SL

Family Latidae

Psammoperca waigiensis(Cuvier 1828)
En Waigieu Seaperch

C ● 48–49 pored lateralline scales ● 12–14 lower
gill rakers ● Lateral line
extending onto caudal fin ●Mouth relatively small ● 3rd
spine longest in anal fin
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Indonesia toJapan and Australia)
H Coastal marine and estuarine waters
S 35 cm TL
R Marketed mainly fresh(T. Uejo)

P. waigiensis, UPVMI 333, 231.3 mm SL

Family Ambassidae

Ambassis interrupta

Bleeker 1853
En Long-spined Glass Perchlet
C ● Dorsal-fin rays VIII,
9–10 ● Height of dorsal-fin
spine 34–38% of SL ● Body
depth 37.2–47.8% of SL ●Second spine of dorsal fin
strong and very long ● Lateralline interrupted in middle
portionD Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Islands to Japan and Vanuatu)
H Brackish-water, mangrovearea, estuarine, and freshwater streams
S 12 cm SL
R Found in schools. Amphidromous(K. Koeda)

A. interrupta, UPVMI 1678, 32.5 mm SL

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Family Ambassidae

Ambassis miops

Günther 1872
En Flag-tailed Glass Perchlet

A. miops, UPVMI 1676, 37.5 mm SL

C ● Predorsal scales 12–15● Second dorsal-fin spine
slightly shorter than third
spine ● Body relatively
slender ● Horizontal scalerows from anal-fin origin to
dorsal-fin base 9–10 ● Lateralline continuous
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Japan
and New Guinea)
H Brackish-water, mangrovearea, estuarine, and freshwater streams
S 11 cm SL
R Amphidromous(K. Koeda)

Family Ambassidae

Ambassis nalua(Hamilton 1822)
En Scalloped Perchlet

A. nalua, KAUM–I. 57197, 44.3 mm SL

C ● Pectoral-fin rays 16–17● Nasal spine absent ● Body
relatively deep, its depth
45.3–50.6% of SL ● Lateralline continuous from upperedge of gill opening to caudalfin base ● Second spine ofdorsal fin strong and long
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Philippines and New Guinea)
H Brackish-water, mangrovearea, estuarine, and freshwater
S 13 cm SL
R Amphidromous(K. Koeda)

Family Acropomatidae

Doederleinia berycoides(Hilgendorf 1879)
En Blackthroat Seaperch

D. berycoides, UPVMI 1625, 147.5 mm SL

C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ●Large canine teeth on bothjaws ● Body and head reddish● Oral cavity black
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (northwestern
Australia to Japan)
H Deep sea muddy and sandy
bottoms (80–600 m)
S 35 cm SL(M. Okamoto)Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

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Family Acropomatidae

Synagrops japonicus(Döderlein 1883)
En Blackmouth Splitfin

C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines ● 2anal-fin spines ● Anterior
margin of pelvic-fin spinesmooth ● Body, head, andoral cavity black
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan),
Hawaiian Is.
H Deep sea muddy and sandy
bottoms
S 35 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
caught by bottom trawl(M. Okamoto)S. japonicus, UPVMI 346, 136.2 mm SL

Family Acropomatidae

Synagrops philippinensis(Günther 1880)
En Sharptooth Seabass

C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines ● 2anal-fin spines ● Anterior
margin of pelvic-fin spine
serrated ● Body, head, andoral cavity tan
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Japan tonorthern Australia and New
Caledonia), Red Sea
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in continental shelves
S 10 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
caught by bottom trawl(M. Okamoto)S. philippinensis, UPVMI 1615, 140.3 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Aethaloperca rogaa(Forsskål 1775)
En Redmouth Grouper

C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines● Palatine teeth present● Fifth or sixth pectoralfin rays longest ● Caudal
f i n e m a rg i n a t e d ● B o d yuniformly blackish brown
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Fiji)
H Coral reefs in depths of
3–60 mS 36 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

A. rogaa, UPVMI 1669, 207.1 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Anyperodon leucogrammicus(Valenciennes 1828)
En Slender Grouper

A. leucogrammicus, UPVMI 1722, 358.8 mm SL

C ● Body with numerous
reddish orange spots in adults● XI, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays
● 15–16 pectoral-fin rays ●Palatine teeth absent ● Caudal
fin rounded
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Japan and Samoa)
H Coral reefs in depths of
5–80 m
S 37 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis argus(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Peacock Grouper

C. argus, UPVMI 1670, 231.7 mm SL

C ● Body brown with numerous black edged blue spots ●IX, 15–17 dorsal-fin rays ●15–16 pectoral-fin rays ● III,9 (rarely 8 or 10) anal-fin rays
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallower than 40 m
S 44 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis boenak
C. argus, UPVMI 183, 242.2 mm SL(Bloch 1790)
En Chocolate Grouper

C ● Body dark reddish
brown with 7 or 8 dark bars ●Black spot between upper andmiddle opercular spines ● IX,
15–17 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● Caudal fin
roundedD Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and New
Caledonia)
H Coral reefs in depths of
4.5–30 m
S 20 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.;
marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. boenak, UPVMI 148, 147.6 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis cyanostigma(Valenciennes 1828)
En Bluespotted Hind

C ● Body dark red withnumerous black edged blue
spots on head and fins, palespots on body ● lIX, 16
dorsal-fin rays ● III, 8 analfin rays
D Tropical western Pacific(Peninsula Malay to Solomon
Islands and Philippines)
H Coral reefs in depths of
1.5–50 m
S 23 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. cyanostigma, UPVMI 1643, 179.1 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis igarashiensis
Katayama 1957
En Goldbar Grouper

C ● Body red with yellow
bars ● Body deep, its depth
2.0–2.4 in SL ● Pelvic fin red,with black anterior margin
D Tropical Pacific (South
China Sea to Japan andFrench Polynesia)
H Rocky reefs in depths of
30–250 m
S 29 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. igarashiensis, UPVMI 449, 191.9 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis miniata(Forsskål 1775)
En Coral Hind

C ● Body reddish orange
with numerous blue spots ●IX, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 8–9 anal-fin rays
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Palmyra Atoll)
H Coral reefs in depths of
2–150 mS 31 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. miniata, UPVMI 160, 217.7 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis sexmaculata(Rüppell 1830)
En Sixspot Grouper

C. sexmaculata, UPVMI 1661, 263.5 mm SL

C ● Body reddish orange
with numerous blue spots● Black blotches on dorsal
trunk and caudal peduncle ●IX, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 9 anal-fin rays
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Marquesas Is.)H Coral reefs in depths of
10–150 m
S 38 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis sonnerati(Valenciennes 1828)
En Tomato Grouper

C. sonnerati, UPVMI 451, 235.8 mm SL

C ● Body reddish orange
with numerous small dark
reddish blotches ● IX, 14–16
dorsal-fin rays ● III, 9 analfin rays
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Palmyra Atoll)
H Coral reefs in depths of
10–100 m
S 41 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Cephalopholis urodeta
C. sonnerati, UPVMI 1096, 311.4 mm SL(Valenciennes 1828)
En Darkfin Hind

C ● Body reddish orange
with numerous small red
spots on head ● Caudal fin
with two white bands
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Coral reefs in depths of
10–60 mS 22 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. urodeta, UPVMI 146, 155.2 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Chelidoperca hirundinacea
Valenciennes 1831
En —C ● 16 pectoral-fin rays ●3.5 scale rows between lateralline and dorsal-fin base ●Large reddish blotch on midbody ● Caudal-fin lobes
elongate
D Northwestern Pacific (Japan to Philippines)
H Sandy bottoms
S 14 cm SL
R Usually taken by bottom
trawls; no commercial importance(M. Matsunuma)

C. hirundinacea, KAUM–I. 56084, 96.4 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Chelidoperca santosi

Williams & Carpenter 2015
En Pogi Perchlet
C ● 16 pectoral-fin rays ●2.5 scale rows between lateralline and dorsal-fin base ●Snout with row of 4 small
dark spots ● Anal fin with 4–6
yellow stripes
D Philippines
H Sandy bottoms
S 9 cm SL
R Recently described fromthe Philippines at a depth of
146 m(M. Matsunuma)

Family Serranidae

Cromileptes altivelis(Valenciennes 1828)
En Humpback Grouper

C. santosi, UPVMI 1172, 88.0 mm SL

C ● X, 17–19 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 10 (rarely 9) anal-fin
rays ● Dorsal profile of headconcave, rising steeply atnape ● Body pale white withspots
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Nicobar Is. toJapan and New Caledonia)
H Coral reefs in depths of
10–60 mS 45 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

C. altivelis, UPVMI 1213, 268.9 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Diploprion bifasciatum
Cuvier 1828
En Double-banded Soapfish

C ● 8 dorsal-fin spines ●2 anal-fin spines ● Body
relatively deep ● Body yellow
with two black bands
D Indo-West Pacific (Maldives to Japan and Vanuatu)
H Coastal rocky reefs
S 20 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.,
but rarely found at markets.
Main components of skintoxin of this species is a low
molecular weight compound(T. Yoshida)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus amblycephalus(Bleeker 1857)
En Bighead Grouper
D. bifasciatum, UPVMI 615, 124.5 mm SL

C ● XI, 15–16 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8 (rarely 9) anal-fin rays
● Body light gray-brown withbrown bars ● Numerous small
black spots on along brownbars
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral and rocky reefs indepths of 80–130 m
S 39 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae
E. amblycephalus, UPVMI 161, 211.8 mm SL

E. areolatus, UPVMI 164, 241.6 mm SL

Epinephelus areolatus(Forsskål 1775)
En Areolate Grouper

C ● XI, 15–17 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8 (rarely 7) anal-fin rays
● Body pale, covered withclose-set yellowish brownspots ● Caudal fin emarginated, posterior edge white
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallower than depths of 200m
S 31 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

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Family Serranidae

Epinephelus coioides(Hamilton 1822)
En Orange-spotted Grouper
C ● XI, 13–16 dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 8 anal-fin rays ●20 pectoral-fin rays ● Body
greenish brown with indistinct
pale white bars ● Numerous
small orange spots scatteredon body and fins
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallower than depths of 100
m, also entering estuaries
S 78 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus corallicola(Valenciennes 1828)
En Coral Grouper

C ● XI, 15–17 dorsal-fin rays

E. coioides, UPVMI 163, 228.3 mm SL● III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 17–20
pectoral-fin rays ● Body
pale gray with numerous
blackish brown spots smaller
than pupil ● 3 black blotches
on dorsal-fin base ● Snout
projecting
D Western Pacific (Gulf ofThailand to Japan, Solomon
Islands, and eastern Australia)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 39 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)
Family Serranidae

Epinephelus epistictus

E. corallicola, UPVMI 980, 350.0 mm SL(Temminck & Schlegel 1842)
En Spottedback Grouper
C ● XI, 13–15 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8 (rarely 7) anal-fin
rays ● Body light brown withsmall brownish black spots on
dorsolateral part
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and Solomon
Islands)
H Rocky reefs and muddy
bottoms in depths of 43–290m
S 67 cm SL
R Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

E. epistictus, UPVMI 1711, 240.3 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Epinephelus fasciatus(Forsskål 1775)
En Blacktip Grouper

C ● XI, 15–17 dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 7–8 anal-fin rays
● Body red with five rose
red vertical bands ● Dorsal
margin of spinous portion of
dorsal fin black ● Caudal fin
roundedD Indo-Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Pitcairn Islands)
H Rocky and coral reefs indepths of shallower than 160m
S 40 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus heniochus(Valenciennes 1828)
En Bridled Grouper

E. fasciatus, UPVMI 145, 165.8 mm SL

C ● XI, 14–15 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 89–
100 longitudinal scale series● 54–62 pored lateral-line
scales ● Body light brown
uniformly ● 3 brown stripes
on head ● Caudal fin rounded
D Western Pacific (Indonesia
to Korea and New Britain)
H Mud or silty sand bottom
in depths of 40–235 m
S 35 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus latifasciatus(Temminck & Schlegel 1842)
En Banded Grouper

E. heniochus, UPVMI 1710, 197.9 mm SL

E. latifasciatus, UPVMI 770, 132.0 mm SL

C ● XI, 12–14 dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 7–8 anal-fin rays
● 17–19 pectoral-fin rays ●91–106 longitudinal scaleseries ● 56–65 pored lateralline scales ● Body grayish
brown with three broken
longitudinal lines of blackspots on upper part in adults ●2 black margined white broad
longitudinal bands on upper
part of body in juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (ReadSea to Korea and Indonesia)
H Mud or silty sand bottoms
or rocky reefs in depths of
20–230 m
S 1.4 m SL
(H. Hata)

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Family Serranidae

Epinephelus merra

Bloch 1793
En Dwarf Spotted Grouper
C ● XI, 15–17 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8–9 anal-fin rays ● 16–18 pectoralfin rays ● 98–114 longitudinal scaleseries ● 48–53 pored lateral-line
scales ● Body whitish light brownwith numerous close-set hexagonal
dark brown blotches, a few blotchesjoined, forming bands
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa to Japanand Pitcairn Islands, except for Red
Sea)
H Coral reefs
S 25 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. merra, KAUM–I. 62940, 152.0 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus morrhua(Valenciennes 1833)
En Comet Grouper

C ● XI, 14–15 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
7–8 anal-fin rays ● 17–18 pectoralfin rays ● 108–125 longitudinalscale series ● 55–64 pored lateralline scales ● Body pale brown with
two narrow dark brown arc-shaped
bands from posterior margin of eye tocaudal peduncle ● 3 oblique lines on
upper part of body
D Indo-Pacific (Mozambique toJapan and Cook Islands)
H Rocky reefs in depths of 80–370 m
S 75 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. morrhua, UPVMI 882, 296.4 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus ongus(Bloch 1790)
En Specklefin Grouper

C ● XI, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 8
anal-fin rays ● 15–17 pectoral-fin rays
● 90–109 longitudinal scale series● 48–53 pored lateral-line scales ●Body and fins pale purple and whitish
ventrally with white numerous narrowvermicular markings ● Caudal fin,
soft portions of dorsal and anal fins
margined black band and narrow
white stripe
D Indo-West Pacific (Mozambique toJapan and Fiji, except for Red Sea)
H Coral reefs in depths of 5–39 m
S 25 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. ongus, UPVMI 162, 226.9 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Epinephelus polyphekadion(Bleeker 1849)
En Camouflage Grouper

E. polyphekadion, UPVMI 1696, 223.3 mm SL

C ● XI, 14–15 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● 16–18 pectoralfin rays ● 95–113 longitudinal scaleseries ● 47–53 pored lateral-line
scales ● Large black saddle-like spoton caudal peduncle ● Body densely
covered with small brownish orange
spots ● Ground color of pectoral fin
pale yellow
D Indo-Pacific (Mozambique toJapan and French Polynesia)
H Coral reefs in shallower thandepths of 20 m
S 61 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus quoyanus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Longfin Grouper

E. quoyanus, UPVMI 979, 220.7 mm SL

C ● XI, 16–18 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● 16–19 pectoralfin rays ● 80–96 longitudinal scaleseries ● 47–52 pored lateral-line
scales ● Body whitish light brownwith numerous close-set hexagonal
dark brown blotches ● Outer marginof anal fin black ● 2 oblique bands on
thoraxD Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Is. to Japan andeastern coast of Australia)
H Silty reefs in shallower than depthsof 50 mS 31 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus radiatus(Day 1867)
En Oblique-Banded Grouper

E. radiatus, UPVMI 235, 158.8 mm SL

C ● XI, 13–15 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● 17–18 pectoral-fin
rays ● 102–120 longitudinal scaleseries ● 52–67 pored lateral-line
scales ● Body pale brown with fiveirregular dark brown bands passing
diagonally downward and forwardfrom upper edge of body
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea andRéunion to Japan and Papua New
Guinea)H Rocky reefs in depths of 17–383 m
S 58 cm SL(H. Hata)

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Family Serranidae

Epinephelus sexfasciatus(Valenciennes 1828)
En Sixbar Grouper

C ● XI, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● 17–19 pectoral-fin
rays ● 82–96 longitudinal scale series● 46–51 pored lateral-line scales ●20–23 gill rakers ● Dark bands on
body divided by vertical whitish bandor series of whitish spots ● Small
black spots on caudal in and soft
portion of dorsal and anal fins
D Vietnam and Philippines to northern Australia
H Silty and muddy bottoms in depthsof 10–80 m
S 28 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. sexfasciatus, UPVMI 166, 174.7 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Epinephelus undulosus(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
En Wavy-lined Grouper

C ● XI, 17–19 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
8 anal-fin rays ● 18–19 pectoral-fin
rays ● 63–76 longitudinal scale series● 124–150 pored lateral-line scales● 20–23 gill rakers ● Membraneof spinous portion of dorsal fin notincised ● Body purplish gray withnumerous narrow wavy longitudinallines
D Indo-West Pacific (Somalia to
Solomon Is. and Philippines, except
for Red Sea)
H Offshore banks in depths of 24–90
m
S 75 cm SL(H. Hata)

E. undulosus, UPVMI 1212, 344.7 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Gracilla albomarginata(Fowler & Bean 1930)
En Slenderspine Grouper

C ● IX, 14–16 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
9–10 anal-fin rays ● 18–19 pectoralfin rays ● 66–76 longitudinal scaleseries ● 110–117 pored lateral-line
scales ● Caudal fin truncate ● Body
dark brown with numerous narrowdark blue vertical bars ● Narrow
longitudinal blue stripes on head
D Indo-Pacific (Comoro Is. to Japanand Marquesas Is.)H Outer reef slope in depths of 15–
120 m
S 60 cm SL(H. Hata)

G. albomarginata, UPVMI 1692, 267.1 mm SL

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O. unimaculatus, KAUM–I. 56025, 129.7 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Family Serranidae(Tanaka 1917)
En —(Tanaka 1917)
En Blacksaddled Coralgrouper

Odontanthias unimaculatus

C ● X, 14 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 7 anal-fin rays ● 18–19
pectoral-fin rays ● 36–37 scales on lateral line ● 13–14 +29 gill rakers ● Body yellow dorsally grading to pale pink
ventrally ● Yellow stripe from upper lip to posterior margin of
opercle ● Dorsal, pelvic, anal and caudal fins yellow with pinkouter margin
D Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and Indonesia
H Rocky reefs in depths of 60–192 m
S 14 cm SL
R The present specimen represents the second record of thisspecies from the Philippines after Randall & Heemstra (2006)
who reported it from Lubang I.
(H. Hata)

Plectropomus laevis

C ● VIII, 11 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 7 anal-fin rays ● 16–18
pectoral-fin rays ● 92–115 lateral-line scales ● 123–153
longitudinal scale series ● 1–3 + 4–10 gill rakers ● Caudal fintruncate, its length 1.45–1.75 in head length ● Two body color
phases: white with 5 dark brown saddle-like bars; red withnumerous dark edged blue spots
D Indo-Pacific (eastern coast of Africa to Japan and Tuamotu
Is., except for Red Sea)
H Rocky and coral reefs in depths of 4–90 m
S 1 m SLR It is considered that juveniles may be mimics of the
poisonous pufferfish Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker 1853)(H. Hata)

P. laevis, UPVMI 562, 221.0 mm SL

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P. leopardus, UPVMI 1644, 192.5 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Plectropomus leopardus(Lacepède 1802)
En Leopard Coralgrouper

C ● VII–VIII, 10–12 dorsalfin rays ● III, 8 anal-fin rays
● 15–17 pectoral-fin rays ●89–99 lateral-line scales ●112–127 longitudinal scaleseries ● 1–3 + 6–10 gill rakers● Caudal-fin emarginate, its
length 1.3–1.55 in head length● Pectoral-fin length 1.9–2.2
in head length ● Pelvic-fin
length 1.9–2.2 in head length● Body red with numerous
small blue spots
D Western Pacific (Taiwan tonorthern Australia and Fiji)
H Coral reefs in shallower
than depths of 100 m
S 70 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(H. Hata)

P. leopardus, UPVMI 147, 204.4 mm SL

Family Serranidae

Plectropomus maculatus(Bloch 1790)
En Spotted Coralgrouper

C ● VII–VIII, 10–12 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 15–17 pectoral-fin rays ● 88–101
lateral-line scales ● 123–132 longitudinal scale series ● 1–3 + 6–9 gill rakers ● Caudal-fin
truncate, its length 1.3–1.5 in head length ● Pectoral-fin length 1.9–2.2 in head length ● Pelvicfin length 1.7–2.2 in head length ● Body red with numerous small dark edged blue spots ●Pelvic fin without spots ● Some spots anteriorly on side of body horizontally elongate in adults
D Western Pacific (Thailand and Indonesia to Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Australia)
H Coral reefs in shallower than depths of 50 m
S 125 cm SL(H. Hata)

P. maculatus, UPVMI 1649, 199.6 mm SL

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Family Serranidae

Plectropomus oligacanthus(Bleeker 1854)
En Highfin Coralgrouper

P. oligacanthus, UPVMI 144, 248.1 mm SL

C ● VII–VIII, 10–12 dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 14–16
pectoral-fin rays ● 86–96 lateralline scales ● 115–126 longitudinalscale series ● 1–3 + 7–9 gill rakers ●Anterior soft portions of dorsal andanal fins distinctly elevated ● Verticalblue lines anteriorly on side of bodyand long horizontal to oblique darklines on head in adults
D Western Pacific (Caroline Is. toIndonesia)
H Coral reefs in shallower than at
depths of 40 m
S 75 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Pseudanthias rubrizonatus(Randall 1983)
En Red-belted Anthias
P. oligacanthus, UPVMI 1641, 213.4 mm SL

P. rubrizonatus, UPVMI 1276, 71.1 mm SL

C ● X, 16–17 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
7–8 anal-fin rays ● 18–20 pectoralfin rays ● 10–12 + 25–29 gill rakers● 41–47 scales on lateral line ● Body
pinkish orange with broad verticalband in males ● Body pinkish orange,
two orange spots on caudal-fin tip infemales
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Is. to Japan andFiji)
H Rocky or coral reefs in shallower
than depths of 133 m
S 9 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Serranidae

Variola albimarginata
Baissac 1952
En Lyretail Grouper

V. albimarginata, UPVMI 143, 200.9 mm SL

C ● Posterior margin of caudal fin
white ● Dorsal, anal, and pectoral
fins without distinct yellow posteriorborders ● Pelvic fin usually notreaching to anus ● No dark strip on
upper side or dark spot at upper baseof caudal fin in juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (Réunion to
Japan and Samoa)
H Rocky or coral reefs in shallower
than depths of 240 m
S 32 cm SL
R Although poisonous individuals are
rare, an individual causing ciguatera
was reported by Oshiro et al. (2010)(H. Hata)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Family Symphysanodontidae

Symphysanodon katayamai
Anderson 1970
En —C ● III, 7 anal-fin rays ● 50–

55 pored lateral-line scales● 11–12 + 22–24 gill rakers● Body with a longitudinalyellow band
D Western Pacific (Japan toIndonesia), Hawaiian Is.
H Rocky reefs
S 31 cm TL

Family Opistognathidae

93

S. katayamai, KAUM–I. 62944, 148.0 mm SL

R The present specimens rep-resent the first records of thespecies from the Philippines(S. Tashiro)

KAUM–I. 56003, 159.4 mm SL

O. hongkongiensis, KAUM–I. 69458, 110.7 mm SL

Opistognathus hongkongiensis
Chan 1968
En —C ● XI, 11 dorsal-fin rays ● II, 11 anal-fin
rays ● Posterior end of upper jaw not reaching
preopercle ● Body with six brown vertical bands
D Hong Kong and Philippines
H Sandy or rubble bottoms
S 15 cm SL
R Previously known only from off Hong Kong;the present specimens represent the first recordsof the species from the Philippines(S. Tashiro)

O. hongkongiensis, KAUM–I. 69449, 112.2 mm SL

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Family Priacanthidae

Cookeolus japonicus(Cuvier 1829)
En Longfin Bulleye

C ● X, 12–13 dorsal-fin
rays ● Pelvic fin very long,its length greater than headlengthD Circumglobal in tropical totemperate seas
H Rocky reefs in deep waters
S 60 cm TL(K. Kawama)

Family Priacanthidae

Heteropriacanthus cruentatus(Lacepède 1801)
En Glasseye
C. japonicus, UPVMI 181, 249.0 mm SL

C ● X, 12–13 dorsal-fin
rays ● A strong spine atangle of preopercle ● Softrayed portions of dorsal andanal fins and caudal fin withnumerous dark red spots
D Circumglobal in tropical totemperate seas
H Rocky reefs in shallow
watersS 35 cm TL(K. Kawama)

H. cruentatus, KAUM–I. 91867, 179.5 mm SL

Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus blochii
Bleeker 1853
En Shortfin Bigeye

C ● X, 12–14 dorsal-fin rays
● Body somewhat slender andcompressed ● Pectoral-fin
length 1.9–2.2 in head length● Caudal fin convex ● Pelvicfin base with a distinct black
blotchD Indo-West Pacific (Gulf ofAden and Seychelles to Japanand Samoa
H Rocky reefs in shallower
than 30 m depth
S 30 cm TL(K. Kawama)

P. blochii, KAUM–I. 91868, 181.8 mm SL

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Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus hamrur(Forsskål 1775)
En Moontail Bullseye

C ● X, 13–15 dorsal-fin rays
● Body and fins reddish, withdark blotches along lateralline ● Caudal fin truncate or
somewhat concave with alunate margin
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa and Red Sea to French
Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs,
commonly found shallower
than 50 m
S 36 cm TL(K. Kawama)P. hamrur, KAUM–I. 91757, 251.4 mm SL

Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus macracanthus
Cuvier 1829
En Brownspot Bigeye

C ● X, 12–14 dorsal-fin rays
● Dorsal, anal, and pelvic finswith yellowish brown spots● A strong spine at angle ofpreopercle
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Japan and New Caledonia)
H 15 to 400 m depths
S 35 cm TL(K. Kawama)P. macracanthus, UPVMI 168, 175.6 mm SL

Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus sagittarius
Starnes 1988
En Arrowfin Bigeye

C ● X, 13–14 dorsal-fin rays
● Body relatively deep ●Pelvic fin long, with a black
spot basally ● Caudal fin
convexD Indo-West Pacific (RedSea and Réunion to Japan andSamoa)
H Usually found at depths of
60–100 m in rocky and open
bottom areas
S 34 cm TL(K. Kawama)P. sagittarius, UPVMI 167, 159.4 mm SL

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Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus tayenus
Richardson 1846
En Purplespot Bigeye

C ● X, 11–13 dorsal-fin rays
● Pelvic fin with deep purple
to black spots
D Northern Indian and western Pacific oceans (Persian
Gulf to Taiwan and SolomonIs.)
H Sandy and rocky shores
S 29 cm TL(K. Kawama)P. tayenus, UPVMI 266, 137.9 mm SL

Family Priacanthidae

Pristigenys niphonia(Cuvier 1829)
En Whiteband Bigeye

C ● X, 11 dorsal-fin rays ●Body deep, with large scales● Head and body dark red
to reddish orange ● 4 or 5
light bars on head and body,
becoming narrower withgrowth ● Posterior margins of
dorsal, anal, and caudal finsblack
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa and Red Sea
to Japan and Samoa)
H Deep rocky waters
S 34 cm TL(K. Kawama)

P. niphonia, KAUM–I. 51656, 143.8 mm SL

Family Apogonidae

Amioides polyacanthus(Vaillant 1877)
En Deep-water Cardinalfish

A. polyacanthus, KAUM–I. 80795, 134.8 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines ●13–14 pectoral-fin rays ● 2 +9 gill rakers on first gill arch
● Canine teeth in both jaws ●Brown stripe on mid-lateralsurface of body ● Greenish
vertical bar on caudal peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Japan and Vanuatu)
H D r o p - o ff a n d c a v e s i n
depths of 75–276 m
S 20 cm TL
R Commercial fish in Panay I.
(T. Yoshida)

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Family Apogonidae

Apogonichthyoides niger(Döderlein 1883)
En —C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 15 pectoral-fin rays ● Body
deep and relatively compressed ● Posterior tip ofdepressed pelvic fin beyond
anal-fin origin
D Western Pacific (Japan toPhilippines)
H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 10 cm SL
R Inhabits solitary(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

A. niger, KAUM–I. 62911, 33.5 mm SL

Fibramia lateralis(Valenciennes 1832)
En Coastal Cardinalfish
C ● 6 first dorsal-fin spines● 14 pectoral-fin rays ●5–7 + 16–18 gill rakers
on first gill arch ● Narrow
black midlateral stripe ●Small black spot on middleof posterior end of caudal
peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andSamoa)
H Coastal reefs
S 10 cm TL
R Forms aggregations(T. Yoshida)

F. lateralis, KAUM–I. 57198, 51.8 mm SL

Family Apogonidae

Jaydia albomarginata(Smith & Radcliffe 1912)
En —C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 2 + 9 developed gill rakers● 4 + 11 total gill rakers ●Anterior part of pelvic andanal fins white ● Lower edgeof caudal fin white
D Western Pacific (Japan toIndonesia)
H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 6 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

J. albomarginata, KAUM–I. 69402, 85.4 mm SL

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Family Apogonidae

Jaydia poecilopterus(Cuvier 1828)
En Pearly-finned Cardinalfish

J. poecilopterus, KAUM–I. 80824, 96.2 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 4–5 predorsal scales ● 1–2+ 9–11 developed gill rakers● 3–4 + 10–13 total gillrakers ● Body with series ofdark golden spots, forming
irregular lines ● Anal fin withblack pigments, forming aband
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Chinaand Papua New Guinea)
H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 10 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

Jaydia smithi(Kotthaus 1970)
En Smith's Cardinalfish

J. smithi, KAUM–I. 69461, 89.4 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 3–5 predorsal scales ● 1 +9–11 developed gill rakers ●3–5 + 10–13 total gill rakers● Body with 4–6 black bars ●Anal fin dusky without black
stripeD Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Taiwan and Marshall Is.)H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 10 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

Jaydia striatodes(Gon 1997)
En —J. striatodes, UPVMI 201, 44.2 mm SL

J. striatodes, UPVMI 200, 47.0 mm SL

J. striatodes, UPVMI 202, 30.0 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 4 predorsal scales ● 2–3 +11–12 developed gill rakrs ●4–5 + 12–14 total gill rakers● Body with 7–11 black bars
● Anal fin with black band
distally
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Hong Kong and Philippines)
H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 6 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

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Family Apogonidae

Jaydia truncatus(Bleeker 1855)
En Flagfin Cardinalfish
C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 3–4 predorsal scales ● 1 +9–10 developed gill rakers ●3–5 + 11–14 total gill rakers● Body with 4–6 black bars
● Anal fin with black band
medially
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Papua New
Guinea)H Muddy or sandy bottoms
S 10 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

J. truncatus, KAUM–I. 56091, 119.4 mm SL

Family Apogonidae

Ostorhinchus cavitensis(Jordan & Seale 1907)
En Cavite Cardinalfish

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● 4–5+ 13–14 gill rakers on firstgill arch ● Golden stripe
from snout to caudal-finbase ● Black spot on middleof posterior end of caudal
peduncle
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Indonesia to
Vietnam and Australia)
H Silty coastal reefs
S 8 cm TL(T. Yoshida)O. cavitensis, KAUM–I. 56037, 55.5 mm SL

Family Apogonidae

Ostorhinchus fasciatus(Shaw 1790)
En Broadbanded Cardinalfish
C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 16 pectoral-fin rays ●14–17 developed gill rakers● No vertical bars on middle
of body below longitudinal
stripeD Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andAustralia)
H Sandy bottoms
S 5 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)O. fasciatus, KAUM–I. 69403, 108.9 mm SL

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Family Apogonidae

Ostorhinchus nigrocincta(Smith & Radcliffe 1912)
En Blackbelt Cardinalfish

O. nigrocincta, KAUM–I. 56097, 74.9 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● 6 +16 gill rakers on first gill arch
● Vertical dark bar on caudal
peduncle ● Small black spot
on middle of posterior end of
caudal peduncle
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Indonesia)
H Sandy bottoms
S 9 cm TL(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

Ostorhinchus pleuron(Fraser 2005)
En Rib-bar Cardinalfish

O. pleuron, KAUM–I. 56034, 42.6 mm SL

C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines ●15 pectoral-fin rays ● 17–20
developed gill rakers ● Dark
brown stripes and verticalbars
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to Taiwan and New Guinea)
H Bottoms in open waters
S 5 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
and frequently seen at markets(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

Rhabdamia spilota
Allen & Kuiter 1994
En Glassy Cardinalfish
O. pleuron, KAUM–I. 57171, 56.9 mm SL

R. spilota, KAUM–I. 63043, 55.5 mm SL

C ● 6 first dorsal-fin spines ●13 pectoral-fin rays ● 12 analfin rays ● 7 + 22 developed
gill rakers ● Mid-lateral seriesof black spots above pectoralfin
D Red Sea, Indonesia, andPhilippines
H Shallow waters
S 6 cm TL
R Forming small groups(T. Yoshida)

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Family Apogonidae

101

S. elongata, KAUM–I. 56033, 36.6 mm SL

Siphamia elongata

Lachner 1953
En Elongate Siphonfish
C ● 7 first dorsal-fin spines ● 11–12 pectoral-fin
rays ● 14–23 pored lateral-line scales ● Light organwith scattered dark blown blotches ● Body silver
with numerous dark blown blotches
D Brunei and Philippines
H Sandy and coral bottoms
S 4 cm SL
R Rare in museum collections(T. Yoshida)S. elongata, KAUM–I. 52617, 40.3 mm SL

Family Apogonidae

Taeniamia fucata(Cantor 1849)
En Orangelined Cardinalfish
C ● 6 first dorsal-fin spines ● 14 pectoral-fin rays
● 15–17 anal-fin rays ● Body compressed ● Large
black spot on caudal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japanand Samoa)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 7 cm SL(T. Yoshida)

Family Apogonidae

Verulux cypselurusT. fucata, KAUM–I. 57166, 67.3 mm SL(Weber 1909)
En Swallow-tail Cardinalfish
C ● 6 first dorsal-fin spines ● 15 pectoral-fin rays ●9 anal-fin rays ● Luminous organ under cleithrum ●Black longitudinal band on each caudal-fin lobe
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japanand Solomon Is.)H Coastal rocky reefs
S 5 cm SL
R Forming aggregations(T. Yoshida)

V. cypselurus, UPVMI 180, 27.8 mm SL

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H. randalli, KAUM–I. 52619, 168.7 mm SL

Family Malacanthidae

Hoplolatilus randalli

Allen, Erdmann & Hamilton 2010
En Randall's Tilefish

H. randalli, KAUM–I. 51650, 159.6 mm SL

C ● X, 13 dorsal-fin rays
● 84–92 pored lateral-line
scales ● Blue dorsal saddle on
caudal peduncle
D Indonesia, Philippines,
Micronesia, and Solomon Is.
H Rubble slopes
S 16 cm SL(T. Yoshida)

Family Echeneidae

Echeneis naucrates
Linnaeus 1758
En Sharksucker
E. naucrates, UPVMI 579, 347.1 mm SL

R. canadum, UPVMI 1214, 412.6 mm SL

Family Rachycentridae

Rachycentron canadum(Linnaeus 1766)
En Cobia

C ● 7–9 dorsal-fin spines not connected by membrane ● 26–33 dorsal-fin rays ● Body elongate,subcylindrical ● Head broad and depressed ● Body grayish to blackish dorsally, whitish tograyish ventrally, with a pale gray stripe from front of snout through eye to upper caudal
peduncle and a faint dark stripe on lower side of trunk
D Nearly worldwide in tropical to temperate waters, except for eastern Pacific Ocean
H Found in variety of habitats
S 2 m SLR Excellent food and game fish
(K. Kawama)

C ● 34–42 dorsal-fin rays ●31–41 anal-fin rays ● 18–28
sucking-disk laminae ● Body
gray to blackish, with a whiteedged black stripe from tip oflower jaw to caudal-fin base
D Worldwide in tropical totemperate seas, except for
Pacific coast of America
H Attaching temporarily to awide variety of hosts such as
sharks, sea turtles, and ships
S 1 m SLR Unlike most other remoras,
E. naucrates is often foundfree swimming and in inshore
waters(K. Kawama)

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C. equiselis, UPVMI 594, 257.9 mm SL

Family Coryphaenidae

Coryphaena equiselis
Linnaeus 1758
En Pompano Dolphinfish

C ● 52–59 dorsal-fin rays
● Pectoral-fin length about
half of head length ● Back
brilliant metallic blue-green
in life, fading rapidly after
death to green tinge ● Side
silvery with a golden sheen
and numerous black spots
D Worldwide in most tropicaland subtropical seas
H Mainly open waters, butalso coasts
S 75 cm SL
R Caught mainly by trollingand floating lines(K. Kawama)

C. hippurus, UPVMI 636, 592.0 mm SL

Family Coryphaenidae

Coryphaena hippurus
Linnaeus 1758
En Common Dolphinfish

C ● 58–66 dorsal-fin rays ●Pectoral-fin length more thanhalf of head length ● Headprofile becoming vertical with
development of a bony crestin larger males more than 30
cm SL
D Worldwide in tropical andsubtropical seas
H Mainly open waters, butalso coasts
S 2 m SLR Highly appreciated foodfish
(K. Kawama)

M. maculate, UPVMI 172, 99.7 mm SL

Family Menidae

Mene maculate(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Moonfish
C ● 40–45 dorsal-fin rays
● Body extremely deep andcompressed ● Anal-fin basevery long ● Upper sides deep
metallic blue, remainder
silvery, with a row of round to
ovoid, dark blue spots aboveand below lateral line
D Indo-West Pacific (East

Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Coastal waters near thebottom to depth of 200 m
S 30 cm SL
R Caught in trawls and beachseines(K. Kawama)

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A. ciliaris, KAUM–I. 63028, 72.6 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Family Carangidae(Bloch 1787)
En African Pompano(Rüppel 1830)
En Indian Threadfish

Alectis ciliaris

C ● Profile of foreheadslightly convex ● Dorsal-fin
spines very short or embedded● Suborbital depth narrower
than upper-jaw length
D Worldwide in tropical seas
H Coastal waters
S 1 m SL(S. Kimura)

Alectis indicus

C ● Profile of foreheadslightly concave ● Dorsal-fin
spines very short or embedded● Suborbital depth same as or
broader than upper-jaw length
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japan and New Guinea)
H Coastal waters
S 1.2 m SL
(S. Kimura)A. indicus, UPVMI 564, 108.7 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Alepes djedaba(Forsskål 1775)
En Shrimp ScadA. djedaba, UPVMI 598, 211.6 mm SL

C ● 39–51 scutes on straightpart of lateral line ● Upperjaw teeth uniserial ● Adipose
eyelid well developed posteriorly ● Distinct black blotch
on upper opercular margin
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Philippines), eastern Mediterranean(immigrant from the Red Sea)
H Coastal waters
S 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)

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Family Carangidae

Alepes kleini(Bloch 1793)
En Banded ScadC ● 35–45 scutes on straightpart of lateral line ● Upper
jaw with a band of minuteconical teeth ● Adipose eyelid
well developed posteriorly ●Distinct black blotch on upper
opercular margin
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Japan and Australia)
H Coastal waters
S 15 cm SL(S. Kimura)A. kleini, UPVMI 600, 124.9 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Alepes melanoptera(Swaison 1839)
En Blackfin ScadC ● 49–69 scutes on straightpart of lateral line ● Upperjaw teeth uniserial ● Distinct
black blotch on upper opercular margin ● Inter-radial
membranes of spinous dorsal
fin black
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Indonesia)
H Inshore waters
S 20 cm SL(S. Kimura)A. kleini, KAUM–I. 57210, 97.2 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Atule mate

(Cuvier 1833)
En Yellowtail ScadC ● Adipose eyelid well developed except for a vertical slit on mid-eye ● Last
dorsal- and anal-fin soft rays
separated from penultimate
rays, but joined by interradial
membrane ● No papilla onlower shoulder girdle ● Noyellow midlateral stripe on
body
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to Hawaiian Is. and French
Polynesia)
H Coastal waters at depths to
50 m
S 25 cm SL(S. Kimura)A. melanoptera, UPVMI 193, 149.3 mm SL

A. mate, KAUM–I. 80850, 153.0 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Carangichthys dinema(Bleeker 1851)
En Shadow TrevallyC ● 17–19 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Straight part of lateral line
almost entirely with scutes(23–30) ● Anterior dorsaland anal-fin rays elongate,filamentous ● Distinct dark
blotches along second dorsalfin base
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Samoa)
H Coastal waters
S 50 cm SL(S. Kimura)C. dinema, UPVMI 1709, 279.6 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Carangichthys oblongus(Cuvier 1833)
En Coachwhip Trevally

C. oblongus, KAUM–I. 80875, 194.6 mm SL

C ● 20–22 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Straight part of lateral line
almost entirely with scutes(37–45) ● Anterior dorsaland anal-fin rays elongate,filamentous ● Indstinct dark
blotches along second dorsalfin base (sometimes fadedout)
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coastal waters
S 40 cm SL(S. Kimura)C. oblongus, UPVMI 774, 152.4 mm SL

C. oblongus, UPVMI 276, 108.9 mm SL

C. oblongus, UPVMI 1612, 87.0 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Carangoides bajad(Forsskål 1775)
En Orangespotted TrevallyC ● 21–24 anal-fin rays ●Breast usually with a narrow
naked area anteroventrally● Anterior straight part oflateral line without scutes● Numerous conspicuousorange-yellow spots on body
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and New Britain)
H Coastal waters
S 45 cm SL(S. Kimura)

C. bajad, KAUM–I. 80798, 194.8 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Carangoides coeruleopinnatus(Rüppell 1830)
En Coastal TrevallyC ● 20–23 anal-fin rays
● 21–27 total gill rakers● Breast widely naked topectoral-fin base and behindinsertion of pelvic fins, but
naked area not extending
above pectoral-fin base, rarely
scaly area present between
pectoral-fin base and breast● Anterior straight part oflateral line without scutes
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Samoa)H Somewhat deeper coastal
watersS 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)

C. coeruleopinnatus, KAUM–I. 80778, 121.1 mm SL

C. coeruleopinnatus, UPVMI 928, 238.7 mm SL

C. coeruleopinnatus, UPVMI 1707, 351.9 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Carangoides ferdau(Forsskål 1775)
En Blue Trevally

C. ferdau, UPVMI 924, 225.5 mm SL

C ● 25–34 dorsal-fin rays
● Snout short, almost samein length as eye diameter ●Breast naked to insertion ofpelvic fins, naked area notextending to pectoral-finbase ● Anterior straight partof lateral line without scutes● 5–6 dusky vertical band
laterally on body
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaii and French Polynesia)
H Coastal waters near sandy
beaches or reefs, shallower
than 60 m depth
S 60 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Carangoides fulvoguttatus(Forsskål 1775)
En Yellowspotted Trevally

C. fulvoguttatus, KAUM–I. 80799, 202.4 mm SL

C. fulvoguttatus, UPVMI 925, 240.0 mm SL

C ● 21–26 anal-fin softrays ● Profile of foreheadalmost straight or veryslightly concave ● Ventral
margin of eye above levelof snout tip ● Breast naked
to behind insertion of pelvic
fins ● Anterior straight partof lateral line without scutes● Many small yellow spots
mainly dorsolaterally on body
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and New Zealand)
H Rocky and coral reefs, offshore banks
S 90 cm SL(S. Kimura)

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Family Carangidae

Carangoides gymnostethus(Cuvier 1833)
En Bludger

C ● 24–26 anal-fin soft rays
● Profile of forehead slightly
convex ● Ventral margin ofeye tangent or below levelof snout tip ● Breast naked
to behind insertion of pelvic
fins ● Anterior straight partof lateral line without scutes● A few dark yellow spots
laterally on body
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Slightly deeper offshore
reefs
S 75 cm SL(S. Kimura)C. gymnostethus, UPVMI 994, 293.2 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Carangoides hedlandensis(Whitely 1934)
En Bumpnose TrevallyC ● 20–27 total gill rakers ●Profile of of forehead convex
with “bump” on interorbital
space ● Anterior dorsaland anal-fin rays elongate,filamentous ● Central softrays of dorsal and anal finsproduced into filaments inadult males ● Breast naked
to just pectoral-fin base (notexceeding the base) andbehind insertion of pelvic fins
● Anterior straight part oflateral line without scutes
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Samoa)
H Coastal waters, bottom
dweller
S 25 cm SL(S. Kimura)

C. hedlandensis, KAUM–I. 80777, 150.5 mm SL

C. hedlandensis, UPVMI 974, 200.2 mm SL

C. hedlandensis, UPVMI 1516, 173.7 mm SL

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C. plagiotaenia, UPVMI 1129, 456.0 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Carangoides plagiotaenia
Bleeker 1857
En Barcheek TrevallyC. plagiotaenia, UPVMI 1098, 207.1 mm SL

C ● Lower jaw robust andprojecting beyond upper jaw● Breast completely scaly● Anterior straight part oflateral line without scutes ●Black posterior margin of
preopercle in adults
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Samoa)
H Outer reef areas
S 40 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Carangoides praeustus(Bennett 1830)
En Brownback Trevally

C. praeustus, UPVMI 1514, 177.3 mm SL

C ● Vomerine tooth patcharrowhead-shaped with a longposterior extension ● Breast
almost completely scaly
with very narrow naked area
anteriorly ● Anterior straightpart of lateral line without
scutes ● Second dorsal-fin
lobe jet-black distally withwhite tip
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Philippines and Indonesia)
H Coastal waters
S 20 cm SL(S. Kimura)

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Family Carangidae

Caranx heberi(Bennett 1830)
En Blacktip TrevallyC ● 19–21 dorsal-fin soft rays
● 15–17 anal-fin soft rays ●Dorsal profile of snout at 50º withlongitudinal body axis ● Breast
naked ventrally with a small
scale patch or almost completely
scaly ● Straight part of lateralline entirely with scutes ● Upper
caudal-fin lobe black distally
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan and New Guinea)
H Clean open coastal waters,
rocky reefs
S 70 cm SL(S. Kimura)

C. heberi, UPVMI 976, 262.0 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Caranx ignobilis(Forsskål 1775)
En Giant TrevallyC ● 18–21 dorsal-fin soft rays ●15–17 anal-fin soft rays ● Dorsal
profile of snout at 60–70º withlongitudinal body axis ● Breast
naked ventrally with a small
scale patch or almost completely
scaly ● Straight part of lateralline entirely with scutes ● Bothcaudal-fin lobes dusky distally
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaii)
H Coastal waters, juveniles often
entering into estuaries
S 1.2 m SL
(S. Kimura)

C. ignobilis, UPVMI 555, 266.6 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Caranx melanopygus
Cuvier 1833
En Bluefin TrevallyC ● 21–24 dorsal-fin soft rays ●17–20 anal-fin soft rays ● Breast
completely scaly ● Posterior tip
of upper jaw not reaching to levelof center of eye ● Straight partof lateral line entirely with scutes● No black blotch on upper
opercular margin
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaii and French Polynesia),
tropical eastern Pacific
H Offshore areas, juveniles often
entering into estuaries
S 85 cm SL(S. Kimura)C. melanopygus, UPVMI 556, 411.3 mm SL

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C. papuensis, UPVMI 1708, 309.7 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Caranx papuensis

Alleyne & Macleay 1877
En Brassy Trevally

C. sexfasciatus, KAUM–I. 80703, 71.0 mm SL

C ● 21–23 dorsal-fin soft rays
● 16–19 anal-fin soft rays ●Dorsal profile of snout at 50º withlongitudinal body axis ● Breast
naked ventrally with a small scale
patch or almost completely scaly● Straight part of lateral line
entirely with scutes ● White spot at
beginning of lateral line
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
French Polynesia)
H Coastal waters, juveniles often
entering into estuaries
S 65 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Caranx sexfasciatus
Quoy & Gaimard 1825
En Bigeye Trevally

C. sexfasciatus, UPVMI 599, 116.4 mm SL

C ● 19–22 dorsal-fin soft rays ●14–17 anal-fin soft rays ● Breast
completely scaly ● Posterior tip ofupper jaw reaching to or beyond
level of center of eye ● Straightpart of lateral line entirely withscutes ● Black blotch on upper
opercular margin smaller than pupil
in adults (1/3 of pupil in juveniles)
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaii and French Polynesia),
tropical eastern Pacific
H Reefs, juveniles often entering
into estuaries
S 75 cm SL(S. Kimura)

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Family Carangidae

Caranx tille

Cuvier 1833
En Tille TrevallyC ● 20–22 dorsal-fin soft rays
● 16–18 anal-fin soft rays
● Breast completely scaly● Posterior tip of upper jaw
reaching to or beyond levelof center of eye ● Straightpart of lateral line entirely
with scutes ● Black blotch on
upper opercular margin samein diameter as or larger thanpupil in adults (1/2 of pupil injuveniles)
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Inshore coral or rocky reefs
S 65 cm SL(S. Kimura)C. tille, UPVMI 1697, 242.4 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Decapterus kurroides
Bleeker 1855
En Redtail ScadC ● Straight part of lateralline entirely with scutes (30–32) ● Body deep, 23–26%
of SL ● Head large, 30–33%
of SL ● Single finlet behinddorsal and anal fins ● Red
caudal fin
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Australia)
H Somewhat deep waters in
depths of 100–300 m
S 35 cm SL(S. Kimura)

D. kurroides, UPVMI 596, 160.7 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Decapterus macarellus(Cuvier 1833)
En Mackerel Scad

C ● Posterior half of straightpart of lateral line with scutes(24–40) ● Single finlet behinddorsal and anal fins ● Bothlobes of caudal fin yellow
D Circumtropical
H Open water and insular
habitats in depths of 40–200m
S 40 cm SL(S. Kimura)

D. macarellus, KAUM–I. 62952, 210.1 mm SL

D. macarellus, KAUM–I. 80873, 194.3 mm SL

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D. macrosoma, UPVMI 705, 224.5 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Decapterus macrosoma
Bleeker 1851
En Shortfin Scad

D. macrosoma, UPVMI 547, 166.5 mm SL

C ● Posterior 3/4 of straightpart of lateral line withscutes (24–40) ● Roundposterior margin of upper jaw● Predorsal scaly area notreaching to level of mid-eye● Single finlet behind dorsal
and anal fins
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to Hawaii and French
Polynesia), tropical eastern
Pacific
H Costal waters in depths of
30–170 m
S 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Decapterus russelli
D. russelli, KAUM–I. 80699, 142.2 mm SL

Bleeker 1851
En Indian ScadC ● Straight part of lateralline entirely with scutes (30–40) ● Predorsal scaly area notreaching anteriorly to levelof mid-eye ● Single finlet
behind dorsal and anal fins
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Inshore waters shallower
than 100 m depth
S 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)

D. russelli, KAUM–I. 80699, 142.2 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Decapterus tabl
Berry 1968
En Roughear ScadC ● Straight part of lateralline with 0–6 cycloid scales
and 31–39 scutes ● Body
slender, 18–23% of SL ●Single finlet behind dorsal
and anal fins ● Posterior tipof pectoral fin not reaching
to level of second dorsal-fin
origin ● Red caudal fin
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaii), Atlantic Ocean
H Somewhat deep-waters in
depths to 360 m
S 45 cm SL(S. Kimura)D. tabl, KAUM–I. 80653, 158.0 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Elagatis bipinnulata(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Rainbow RunnerE. bipinnulata, KAUM–I. 80655, 120.5 mm SL

C ● Mouth small, posterior
tip of upper jaw not reaching
to level of anterior marginof eye ● Single finlet behinddorsal and anal fins ● Lateralline without scutes
D Circumtropical
H Pelagic, sometimes foundin offshore areas
S 1 m SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

G. speciousus, UPVMI 852, 204.1 mm SL

Gnathanodon speciousus(Forsskål 1775)
En Golden Trevally

C ● No teeth on both jaws
in adults, a few feeble teeth
on lower jaw in juveniles ●Breast completely scaly ●7–11 dark vertical bars on
body
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to Hawaii and French Polynesia), eastern Pacific
H Inshore waters
S 1 m SL(S. Kimura)G. speciousus, KAUM–I. 80877, 169.2 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Megalaspis cordyla(Linnaeus 1758)
En Torpedo ScadM. cordyla, UPVMI 288, 114.4 mm SL

C ● 7–9 finlets behind second
dorsal fin ● 8–10 finlets
behind anal fin ● Junction of
curved and straight parts oflateral line below first dorsalfin base ● Straight part oflateral line entirely with large
scutesD Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Pelagic
S 70 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Parastromateus niger(Bloch 1795)
En Black Pomfret

P. niger, UPVMI 334, 286.6 mm SL

P. niger, KAUM–I. 56081, 50.9 mm SL

C ● Spinous dorsal fin embedded in adults ● Anal fin
absent in adults (juveniles
with long black jugular pelvicfin) ● Very weak scutes posteriorly on lateral line ● Body
dark brown
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coastal muddy bottom
areas in depths of 15–40 m
S 50 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Scomberoides commersonianus
Lacepède 1802
En Talang Queenfish

S. commersonianus, UPVMI 996, 358.0 mm SL

C ● Anterior upper lip joined
to snout by skin ● Posterior
tip of upper jaw extending
well beyond level of posterior
margin of eye ● Lateral line
without scutes ● 5–8 rounddark blotches laterally on
body in adults
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Reefs and offshore islands
S 1 m SL(S. Kimura)

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S. tala, UPVMI 1163, 407.9 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Scomberoides tala(Cuvier 1832)
En Barred Queenfish

C ● Anterior upper lip
joined to snout by skin ●Posterior tip of upper jaw
extending beyond level ofposterior margin of eye ●Lateral line without scutes ●4–8 vertically elongate dark
blotches laterally on body inadultsD Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Solomon Islands)
H Inshore waters
S 60 cm SL(S. Kimura)S. tala, KAUM–I. 80736, 67.7 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Scomberoides tol(Cuvier 1832)
En Needlescaled Queenfish
C ● Anterior upper lip joined

to snout by skin ● Posterior
tip of upper jaw not reaching
to level of posterior marginof eye ● Lateral line without
scutes ● A series of 5–8 small
dark oval blotches laterally on
body in adults
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coastal waters
S 45 cm SL(S. Kimura)S. tol, UPVMI 923, 241.6 mm SL

S. tol, UPVMI 1704, 398.2 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Selar boops(Cuvier 1833)
En Oxeye ScadS. boops, UPVMI 742, 179.8 mm SL

C ● Shoulder girdle margin
with upper (small) and lower(large) papillae ● No finlets
behind dorsal and anal fins
● Junction of curved andstraight parts of lateral line
below first dorsal-fin base ●Straight part of lateral line
entirely with scutes
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Japan and Solomon Islands)
H Continental shelf waters
S 25 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Selar crumenophthalmus(Bloch 1793)
En Bigeye ScadS. boops, UPVMI 742, 179.8 mm SL

C ● Shoulder girdle margin
with upper (small) and lower(large) papillae ● No finlets
behind dorsal and anal fins
● Junction of curved andstraight parts of lateral line
posterior to level of second
dorsal-fin origin ● Posterior
3/4 of straight part of lateralline with scutes
D Worldwide in tropical andsubtropical seas
H Inshore waters
S 35 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Selaroides leptolepis
S. crumenophthalmus, UPVMI 947, 130.9 mm SL

S. leptolepis, KAUM–I. 52631, 115.9 mm SL(Cuvier 1833)
En Yellowstripe Scad

C ● No teeth on upper jaw
but uniserial minute teeth onlower jaw ● Shoulder girdle
margin without papillae ● No
finlets behind dorsal and anal
fins ● Prominent black blotch
on upper posterior margin of
opercleD Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Coastal soft bottom area
shallower than 50 m depth
S 18 cm SL(S. Kimura)

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Family Carangidae

Seriola rivoliana
Valenciennes 1833
En Almaco JackC ● 26–33 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Posterior tip of upper jaw
not reaching to level of centerof eye ● Anterior second
dorsal fin falcate ● No finlet● Lateral line without scutes
D Circumtropical
H Offshore waters
S 85 cm SL(S. Kimura)S. rivoliana, UPVMI 1621, 241.6 mm SL

Family Carangidae

S. nigrofasciata, UPVMI 571, 119.4 mm SL

Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell 1829)
En Blackbanded Trevally

C ● Posterior tip of upper jaw
reaching to level of posterior
margin of eye ● No finlet ●Lateral line without scutes● 5–7 black oblique bands
laterally on body
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Offshore reefs at depths of
20–150 m
S 60 cm SL(S. Kimura)S. nigrofasciata, UPVMI 546, 241.5 mm SL

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Family Carangidae

Ulua mentalis(Rüppell 1829)
En Blackbanded TrevallyC ● 51–61 lower gill rakers● Gill rakers very long,projecting into mouth ●Anterior dorsal- and anal-fin
rays elongate, filamentous● Anterior straight part oflateral line without scutes
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Shallow coastal waters
S 75 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Carangidae

Uraspis helvola(Forster 1801)
En Whitetongue Jack

U. mentalis, UPVMI 828, 172.0 mm SL

C ● Naked areas of breastand pectoral-fin baseseparated by a broad bandof scales ● Straight part oflateral line entirely withscutes ● Oral cavity black
except white tongue, roof andfloor of mouth
D Indo-Pacific (Red Sea
to Hawaii), eastern Pacific,
South Atlantic
H Continental shelf waters
S 45 cm SL(S. Kimura)U. helvola, UPVMI 236, 140.0 mm SL

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U. uraspis, KAUM–I. 80800, 204.7 mm SL

Family Carangidae

Uraspis uraspis(Günther 1860)
En Whitemouth JackC ● Naked area of breast
extending to naked pectoralfin base ● Straight part oflateral line entirely withscutes ● Oral cavity black
except white tongue, roof andfloor of mouth
D Indo-P aci fic (Red Sea
to Hawaii), eastern Pacific,
South Atlantic
H Coastal waters
S 30 cm SL(S. Kimura)U. uraspis, KAUM–I. 80846, 82.2 mm SL

Family Leiognathidae

Deveximentum indicium(Monkolprasit 1973)
En Dots-and-dashes Ponyfish

C ● Scale rows above andbelow lateral line 18–22 and
39–48, respectively ● Body
elongate ● Mouth protruding
upwards ● Cheek withoutscales ● Around 15 darkvertical markings consisting
dots and short stripes dorsolaterally on body
D Western Pacific (Japan toGulf of Thailand and Indonesia)
H Muddy bottoms in shallow
coastal waters
S 10 cm SL(S. Kimura)D. indicium, KAUM–I. 57168, 91.4 mm SL

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Family Leiognathidae

Deveximentum insidiator(Bloch 1787)
En Pugnose Ponyfish

D. incidiator, UPVMI 513, 68.1 mm SL

C ● Scale rows above and below
lateral line 18–22 and 38–47, respectively ● Body oblong to rounded ●Mouth protruding upwards ● Cheek
without scales ● 10–13 dark verticalmarkings consisting dots and short
stripes dorso-laterally on body
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toAustralia)
H Coastal inshore waters shallower
than 50 m depth and estuaries
S 9 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Leiognathidae

Deveximentum megalolepis(Mochizuki & Hayashi 1989)
En Haneda's Ponyfish

D. megalolepis, UPVMI 199, 51.2 mm SL

C ● Scale rows above and below
lateral line 6–7 and 13–15,
respectively ● Body very deep,rounded ● Mouth protruding upwards● Cheek with scales ● Irregular darkvertical bands dorsolaterally on body
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificocean (Andaman Sea to Japan andAustralia)
H Coastal inshore waters shallower
than 50 m depth and estuaries
S 6 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Leiognathidae

Equulites laterofenestra(Sparks & Chakrabarty 2007)En —C ● Body somewhat elongate,
body depth 30–42% SL ● Breast
naked below a line from junction ofinteropercle and subopercle to pelvicfin insertion ● Second dorsal-fin spinedistinctly elongated ● Triangulartranslucent patch ventrolaterally on
body in males
D Western Pacific (Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia)
H Shallow waters of muddy andsandy bottoms
S 12 cm SL(H. Suzuki)

E. laterofenestra, UPVMI 885, 105.1 mm SL

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Family Leiognathidae

Equulites oblongus(Valenciennes 1835)
En Oblong Ponyfish

C ● Body oblong, body
depth 35–48% SL ● Breast
almost completely scaly
laterally with narrow
naked area midventrally ●Second dorsal- and analfin spines not distinctly
elongated ● Triangular or
trapezoid translucent patch
ventrolaterally on the body inmales
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Taiwan and Indonesia)
H Shallow waters of muddy
and sandy bottoms
S 13 cm SL(H. Suzuki)

E. oblongus, UPVMI 632, 64.7 mm SL

Family Leiognathidae

Eubleekeria jonesi(Mochizuki & Hayashi 1989)
En Yellowlined Ponyfish
C ● Mouth protruding downwards ● Lower margin oforbit above level of gape
● Cheek without scales ●Semicircular naked area onnape ● Lateral-line scales
prominent, yellow ● Anterior
dorsal fin gray to dark yellow
distally
D Indo-West Pacific (Mauritius to Australia)
H Muddy bottoms in shallow
coastal waters
S 14 cm SL(S. Kimura)

E. jonesi, UPVMI 559, 101.5 mm SL

Family Leiognathidae

Eubleekeria splendens(Curvier 1829)
En Splendid Ponyfish

C ● Mouth protruding downwards ● Lower margin oforbit above level of gape
● Cheek without scales ●Anterior dorsal fin jet-black
distally
D Indo-West Pacific (western
coast of India to Japan andAustralia)
H Muddy bottoms in shallow
coastal waters
S 13 cm SL(S. Kimura)E. splendens, KAUM–I. 62962, 92.7 mm SL

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Family Leiognathidae

Gazza minuta(Bloch 1795)
En Toothpony

G. minuta, KAUM–I. 56047, 77.9 mm SL

C ● Mouth protruding forwards ● Distinct canine teeth
on both jaws ● Long narrowanterodorsal extension of
subocular silvery region,
proximal contact only withorbit ● Row of dark bluishspots along lateral line
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
in brackish and coastal waters
shallower than 55 m depth
S 12 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Leiognathidae

Leiognathus equulus(Forsskål 1775)
En Common Ponyfish

C ● Body extremely deep ●Mouth protruding downwards● Second dorsal- and analfin spines slightly elongated
but not filamentous ● Cheek,
breast and belly completely
naked ● Many narrow darkvertical bands dorsolaterally
on body
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Samoa)H Muddy bottoms in brackish
and coastal waters shallower
than 70 m depth
S 20 cm SL(S. Kimura)

Family Leiognathidae

Photolateralis stercorarius
L. equulus, UPVMI 558, 103.4 mm SL

P. stercorarius, KAUM–I. 57203, 71.2 mm SL(Evermann & Seale 1907)
En Slender Ponyfish

C ● Body elongate, body
depth 30–36% SL ● Cheek,
breast and belly completely
scaly ● Second dorsal- andanal-fin spines not distinctly
elongated ● Continuous orcomposite stripe comprisedof numerous independenttranslucent windows ventrolaterally on body in males
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Thailand toPhilippines and Indonesia)
H Soft bottom area at depths
shallower than 50 m
S 12 cm SL(H. Suzuki)

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Family Leiognathidae

Photopectoralis bindus(Valenciennes 1835)
En Orangefin Ponyfish

C ● Mouth protruding forwards ● Small conical teeth
on both jaws ● Cheek naked,
breast scaly with narrow
naked area ventrally ● Anterior dorsal fin yellow to darkorange distally
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and New Caledonia)
H Coastal inshore waters
shallower than 160 m depth
S 11 cm SL(S. Kimura)P. bindus, KAUM–I. 63024, 70.6 mm SL

B. dussumieri, KAUM–I. 80656, 166.8 mm SL

Family Bramidae

Brama dussumieri
Cuvier 1831
En Lesser BreamC ● B o d y s i l v e r, d a r k e r
dorsally ● 57–65 scalerows in longitudinal series● 32–42 predorsal scales ●Distance from lowermost
point of pectoral-fin insertion
to pelvic-fin origin less than
12% SL ● 31–36 dorsal-fin
rays ● 25–29 anal-fin rays

● Upper lobe of caudal fin
extended in juveniles
D Equatorial seas between
latitudes 35°N and 40°S in
Indo-Pacific and between
latitudes 40°N and 25°S in
Atlantic
H Pelagic; shallower than
300 m depth
S 19 cm SL
R Rare around Panay I., onlya single specimen collectedduring this survey(H. Hata)

B. dussumieri, KAUM–I. 80656, 166.8 mm SL

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Family Bramidae

Brama orcini

Cuvier 1831
En Bigbelly Pomfret

B. orcini, UPVMI 472, 275.2 mm SL

B. orcini, UPVMI 575, 168.2 mm SL

C ● B o d y s i l v e r, d a r k e r
dorsally ● 48–55 scale rows
in longitudinal series ● 33–43
predorsal scales ● Distancefrom lowermost point ofpectoral-fin insertion topelvic-fin origin more than
12% SL ● 32–36 dorsal-fin
rays ● 28–30 anal-fin rays
● Upper lobe of caudal fin
extended in adults
D Equatorial seas between
latitudes 30°N and 30°S in
Indo-Pacific and coast of
California, USA
H Pelagic; shallower than
100 m depth
S 30 cm SL
R Landed frequently in Julyto November around Panay
I. The present specimens
represent the second recordsof the species from the Philippines after Bos & Guamao(2013) who reported thespecies from Samal I.
(H. Hata)

Family Bramidae

Brama pauciradiata

Moteki, Fujita & Last 1995
En Bigbelly Pomfret

B. pauciradiata, UPVMI 344, 126.8 mm SL

B. pauciradiata, UPVMI 610, 126.6 mm SL

C ● Body oval in adults,
deeper in juveniles ● 49–59
scale rows in longitudinal
series ● 23–28 predorsal
scales ● 30–32 dorsal-fin rays
● 23–28 anal-fin rays
D Japan, Philippines, northern Australia, and Hawaiian
Is.
H Juveniles collected fromshallower than depth 230 m;
Adults from around 550 m
S 16 cm SL
R Landed frequently in November around Panay I.
(H. Hata)

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Family Bramidae

Taractes rubescens(Jordan & Jordan 1887)
En Knifetail Pomfret
C ● Scales on caudal peduncle greatly enlarged, forminga sharp keel ● 30–32 dorsalfin rays ● 21–23 anal-fin rays
● 19–22 pectoral-fin rays ●Pectoral fin long, longer than
36% SL
D Tropical waters in the
Pacific and Atlantic oceans,an d northwestern Indian
Ocean (Gulf of Aden andOman Sea)
H Pelagic; fished fromshallower than 300 m depth
S 70 cm SL
R Rare around Panay I., onlya single specimen collectedduring this survey(H. Hata)

T. rubescens, KAUM–I. 80702, 389.8 mm SL

Family Bramidae

Taractichthys steindachneri(Dörderlein 1883)
En Sickle PomfretC ● 34–38 scale rows inlongitudinal series ● 21–29
predorsal scales ● 33–37
dorsal-fin rays ● 26–28 analfin rays ● 19–22 pectoral-fin
rays
D Equatorial seas between
latitudes 40°N and 40°S in
Indo-Pacific
H Pelagic; 300–350 m depth
S 60 cm SL
R Juveniles frequently caught
in February around Panay I.
(H. Hata)

T. steindachneri, KAUM–I. 69453,
62.3 mm SL

T. steindachneri, KAUM–I. 69459, 125.7 mm SL

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Family Emmelichthyidae

Emmelichthys struhsakeri
Heemstra & Randall 1977
En Golden Redbait

E. struhsakeri, KAUM–I. 91845, 126.6 mm SL

C ● Body elongate and reddish ● 2 or 3 isolated spines
between first and second
dorsal fins
D Western Pacific and Hawaii
H Offshore waters
S 27 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Lutjanidae

Aphareus rutilans
Cuvier 1830
En Rusty Jobfish

A. rutilans, UPVMI 1153, 391.2 mm SL

C ● Body elongate, laterallycompressed ● Posterior
margin of maxilla reaching toor extending beyond middleof eye ● 15–16 pectoral-fin
rays
D Indo-Pacific (south coast of
Africa to Japan and Hawaii)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallow waters to 250 m
depth
S 1.1 m SL
(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

Aprion virescens
Valenciennes 1830
En Green Jobfish

A. virescens, UPVMI 1658, 403.3 mm SL

C ● Body elongate ● Posterior margin of maxilla notreaching to vertical throughanterior margin of orbit ●16–18 pectoral-fin rays
D Indo-Pacific (south coast of
Africa to Japan and Hawaii)
H Coral and rocky reefs in
5–150 m depth
S 1.1 m SL
(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus argentimaculatus(Forsskål 1775)
En Mangrove Red Snapper

L. argentimaculatus, UPVMI 332, 213.0 mm SL

C ● 44–48 pored lateral-line
scales ● 8 whitish bars onside of body in juveniles
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs;
juveniles and subadults occurin brackish waters
S 1.2 m SL
(N. Muto)

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus bengalensis(Bloch 1790)
En Bengal Snapper

C ● 11 dorsal-fin spines ●Body yellowish, with 4 blue
stripes on side, third stripe
beginning from anterior edgeor middle of upper part of
opercleD Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and Indonesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 30 cm SL
R This species has been
confused with L. sapphirolineatus Iwatsuki, Al-Mamry& Heemstra 2016 and L.
octolineatus (Cuvier 1828),
before Iwatsuki et al. (2016)
newly described the former
and re-evaluated the validityof the latter(N. Muto)

L. bengalensis, UPVMI 1273, 124.8 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus bohar(Forsskål 1775)
En Two-spot Red Snapper
C ● Nostrils set in a groove
extending forward from eyein adults ● 2 white spots onback in young
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Pitcairn
Is.)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 75 cm SL
R The flesh of large individuals is sometimes poisonous(N. Muto)

L. bohar, UPVMI 1657, 177.7 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus carponotatus(Richardson 1842)
En Spanish Flag Snapper

C ● 9 anal-fin soft rays ●Body blue-grey to brownish,with 8–9 yellow or orange
stripes on side ● Pectoral-fin
axil black
D Indo-West Pacific (India tosouthern China and northern
Australia)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 40 cm SL(N. Muto)

L. carponotatus, UPVMI 223, 193.1 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus decussatus(Cuvier 1828)
En Checkered Snapper

L. decussatus, UPVMI 998, 234.1 mm SL

C ● Distinctive "checkerboard" pattern on back, consisting of dark brown stripesintersected by vertical bars ●Large black blotch on caudalfin base
D Indo-West Pacific (India
and Sri Lanka to Japan andPapua New Guinea)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 30 cm SL(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus fulviflamma(Forsskål 1775)
En Dory Snapper

L. fulviflamma, KAUM–I. 62942, 180.0 mm SL

C ● Body reddish to brownish, lighter ventrally, with
6–7 yellow stripes and aprominent black blotch onside ● 12–14 (mostly 13)
dorsal-fin soft rays
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andTonga)H Coral reefs; juveniles occasionally found in brackish
watersS 35 cm SL(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus fulvus(Forster 1801)
En Blacktail Snapper
C ● Body greyish to brownish, whitish ventrally ● Dorsal
and caudal fins blackish or
reddish, with narrow whitemarginD Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Marquesas Is.)H Coral reefs; juveniles occasionally found in brackish
watersS 40 cm SL
R Introduced to Hawaii(N. Muto)

L. fulvus, UPVMI 1662, 175.4 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus gibbus(Forsskål 1775)
En Humpback Red Snapper
C ● Snout relatively long ● Body
reddish, with yellow to orange
markings on opercle and above
pectoral-fin base
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of Africa
to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 50 cm SL
R The flesh of adults is sometimes
poisonous(N. Muto)

L. gibbus, UPVMI 450, 228.2 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus johnii(Bloch 1792)
En John’s Snapper

C ● Body bronze to yellow dorsally,
silver ventrally ● Large black blotch
on back, mainly situated above
lateral line (rarely faint or absent)
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral reefs; juveniles found inbrackish waters
S 70 cm SL(N. Muto)

L. johnii, UPVMI 1512, 169.9 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus lutjanus(Bloch 1790)
En Bigeye Snapper

C ● 12 dorsal-fin soft rays ● Body

L. lutjanus, UPVMI 601, 121.5 mm SL

silvery with a broad yellow stripe
from eye to caudal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Tonga)
H Coral reefs and trawling grounds
S 30 cm SL(N. Muto)

L. lutjanus, UPVMI 198, 75.2 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus malabaricus(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Malabar Blood Snapper

C ● 11 dorsal-fin spines ●Body deep, its depth 2.2–2.8
in SL ● Body reddish, lighter
ventrally
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Tonga)
H Coral and rocky reefs;
adults mainly in deeper waters
S 1 m SL(N. Muto)

L. malabaricus, UPVMI 470, 158.6 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus mizenkoi
Allen & Talbot 1985
En Samoan Snapper

C ● 8 anal-fin soft rays ●Body pinkish to reddish withyellow stripes ● Snout relatively long and pointed
D Samoa, Papua New Guinea,
Indonesia, north Western Australia, and Philippines
H Offshore reefs
S 30 cm SL
R The present specimen represents the first record of thespecies from the Philippines(N. Muto)

L. mizenkoi, UPVMI 1628, 152.7 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus monostigma(Cuvier 1828)
En One-spot Snapper

L. monostigma, UPVMI 184, 252.9 mm SL

C ● Body pinkish to yellowish, lighter ventrally ● Fins
yellowish ● Black blotch,
sometimes faint or absent, onbackD Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Pitcairn
Is.)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 60 cm SL
R The flesh of adults is sometimes poisonous(N. Muto)

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus quinquelineatus(Bloch 1790)
En Five-lined Snapper

C ● 10 dorsal-fin spines ●Body yellow, with 5 blue
stripes on side ● Large black
blotch on backD Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral and rocky reefs
S 20 cm SL(N. Muto)

L. quinquelineatus, UPVMI 151, 146.9 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus rivulatus(Cuvier 1828)
En Bubberlip Snapper

C ● Body deep, its depth
2–2.4 in SL ● 15–16 dorsalfin soft rays ● Head withnumerous undulating bluelines
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Kiribati)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallow waters to 100 m
depth
S 65 cm SL(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

L. rivulatus, UPVMI 1099, 253.6 mm SL

Lutjanus russellii(Bleeker 1849)
En Russell's Snapper

C ● Body reddish brown toyellowish, without remarkablestripes ● Black blotch on backalmost bisected by lateral line
D Western Pacific (Japan toPhilippines and Tonga)
H Coral and rocky reefs;
juveniles found in mangrove
estuaries
S 30 cm SL
R Distinguishable from aclosely related sister species,
L. indicus Allen, White &Erdmann 2013, by the absence of yellow stripes onside(N. Muto)

L. russellii, UPVMI 1511, 128.5 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus sebae(Cuvier 1816)
En Emperor Red Snapper

L. sebae, UPVMI 614, 167.1 mm SL

C ● 11 dorsal-fin spines ●Body deep, its depth 2.6–3.0
in SL ● Body reddish topink in adults, white with 3
reddish bars in juveniles andsubadults
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andSolomon Is.)H Coral reefs and sandy
bottoms; juveniles found in
mangrove estuaries
S 1 m SLR The flesh of large individuals is sometimes poisonous(N. Muto)

Family Lutjanidae

Lutjanus vitta(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
En Brownstripe Red Snapper
C ● Preopercular flange
scaled ● Body reddish towhitish with dark stripes ●Mid-lateral stripe broader,extending from eye to upper
half of caudal peduncle
D Indo-Pacific (Seychelles toJapan and Marshall Is.)H Coral reefs
S 30 cm SL(N. Muto)

L. vitta, UPVMI 150, 149.7 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Paracaesio kusakarii
Abe 1960
En Saddle-back Snapper

C ● Maxilla covered withscales ● Large adults withpronounced hump on nape
● 4 broad dark vertical bars
on body side, becoming
indistinct ventrally ● Central
and lower portions of caudal
fin dusky yellow
D Western Pacific (Japan toSamoa and Australia)
H Offshore waters in depth of
100 m or more
S 60 cm SL
R Sometimes found at fish
markets in Iloilo(M. Matsunuma)

P. kusakarii, KAUM–I. 91794, 259.8 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Paracaesio stonei
Raj & Seeto 1983
En Cocoa Snapper

C ● Maxilla without scales● Nape without pronounced
hump in large adults ● 4
broad dark vertical bars on
body side clearly reaching
abdomen ● Central and lower
portions of caudal fin dusky
yellow
D Western Pacific (Japan toSamoa and Australia)
H Offshore waters in depth of
100 m or more
S 50 cm SL
R Sometimes found at fish
markets in Iloilo(M. Matsunuma)

P. stonei, KAUM–I. 91795, 249.5 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Paracaesio xanthura(Bleeker 1869)
En Yellowtail Blue Snapper
C ● X, 10–11 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8–9 anal-fin rays ● 16–
18 pectoral-fin rays ● 68–72
lateral-line scales ● Yellow
streak on upper side of bodyfrom anterior end of dorsal
fin to upper half of caudal
peduncle on caudal fin
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toAustral Is.)H Rocky bottoms or coralreefs
S 40 cm SL
R Common around Panay
I.; planktivorous & forms
schools; complex of variable
populations(W. L. Campos)

P. xanthura, UPVMI 799, 178.9 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Pinjalo lewisi

Randall, Allen & Anderson 1987
En Red Pinjalo
C ● XII, 13 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 8–9 anal-fin rays ● Caudal
fin slightly emarginate ● Nolines on body
D Indo-West Pacific (Laccadive Is. to Japan and Fiji)
H Rocky bottoms in relatively
deep waters
S 36 cm SL(H. Tatsukawa)P. lewisi, UPVMI 981, 396.5 mm SL

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Family Lutjanidae

Pristipomoides filamentosus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Crimson Jobfish

P. filamentosus, UPVMI 1089, 307.0 mm SL

C ● X, 12 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 8 anal-fin rays ● Last rayof dorsal and anal fins longer
than preceding one ● 15–16
pectoral-fin rays ● Pectoral
fin about as long as head ●57–63 lateral-line scales ●22–27 gill rakers
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaiian Is. and Society Is.)
H Benthopelagic; deep rocky
bottom from 40–360 m
S 1 m TL
(W. L. Campos)

Family Lutjanidae

Pristipomoides multidens(Day 1871)
En Goldbanded Jobfish

P. multidens, UPVMI 318, 272.0 mm SL

C ● X, 11 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 48–50
lateral-line scales ● 2 golden
stripes on snout and cheek ●Transverse gold streaks on
dorsal head
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to
Hawaiian Is. and Society Is.)H Demersal in rocky bottoms,
mostly from depths of 40–360m
S 80 cm SL(W. L. Campos)

Family Lutjanidae

Pristipomoides sieboldii(Bleeker 1855)
En Lavender Jobfish
P. multidens, UPVMI 1154, 332.2 mm SL

P. sieboldii, KAUM–I. 62992, 115.0 mm SL

C ● X, 11 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 16–17
pectoral-fin rays ● 67–74
lateral-line scales ● 27–33
gill rakers ● Patch of teeth on
tongue ● Pectoral fin reaching
to anus
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to Hawaiian Is. and French
Polynesia)
H Benthopelagic; off rocky
bottoms from 100–360 m
deep
S 50 cm SL(W. L. Campos)

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P. typus, UPVMI 314, 200.4 mm SL

Family Lutjanidae

Pristipomoides typus
Bleeker 1852
En Sharptooth Jobfish

C ● X, 11–12 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 8 anal-fin rays ● 15–16
pectoral-fin rays ● 48–50
lateral-line scales ● No stripes
on snout or cheek ● Dorsal
head with longitudinal gold
streaks
D Andaman Sea and western
Pacific Ocean (Sumatra to
Japan and New Guinea)
H Hard rocky bottom 40–120
m deep
S 50 cm SL(W. L. Campos)

P. typus, UPVMI 702, 161.2 mm SL

Family Caesionidae

Caesio caerulaurea

Lacepède 1801
En Blue-and-gold Fusilier
C ●Single premaxillary
process ● Black band on eachcaudal-fin lobe ● Yellow
stripe along above lateral line
● 57–65 lateral-line cales
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa and Red Sea to Japan
and New Caledonia), except
for Persian Gulf
H Rocky and coral reefs incoastal waters
S 35 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)C. caerulaurea, UPVMI 1777, 147.4 mm SL

C. caerulaurea, UPVMI 1654, 167.9 mm SL

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Family Caesionidae

Caesio cuning(Bloch 1791)
En Redbelly Yellowtail Fusilier

C. cuning, UPVMI 1097, 245.8 mm SL

C ● Single premaxillary
process ● Caudal fin yellow,
without dark blotches ● X,
10–12 (usually 11) dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 10–12 (usually 11)
anal-fin rays
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Japan and Vanuatu)
H Rocky and coral reefs incoastal waters
S 50 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)

Family Caesionidae

Dipterygonotus balteatus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Mottled Fusilier

C. cuning, UPVMI 1647, 177.8 mm SL

D. balteatus, KAUM–I. 51663, 93.1 mm SL

C ● 2 premaxillary processes● 16–19 pectoral-fin rays
● XIV, 8–11 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 9–10 anal-fin rays ●Body brownish red dorsally
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan, Solomon Is.,and Australia)
H Pelagic; coastal waters
S 14 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)

Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio digramma(Bleeker 1864)
En Doublelined Fusilier

P. digramma, UPVMI 1646, 170.8 mm SL

C ● 2 premaxillary processes● 2 longitudinal stripes onlateral surface of body, lower
stripe running below lateralline on middle of body ● Tipsof caudal-fin lobes black ●20–22 pectoral-fin rays
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Coastal waters
S 30 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)

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Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio pisang(Bleeker 1853)
En Banana Fusilier

C ● 2 premaxillary processes ● No longitudinal stripes on lateral surface of body ● Tipsof caudal-fin lobes dark red to black ● 18–20
pectoral-fin rays
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Philippines and Fiji), except for Red Sea andPersian Gulf
H Coral reefs
S 21 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)P. pisang, UPVMI 197, 78.9 mm SL

Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio tessellata
Carpenter 1987
En Onestripe Fusilier

C ● 2 premaxillary processes ● Single longitudinal stripe on lateral surface of body,
mostly on lateral line ● Tips of caudal-fin
lobes dark red to black ● 20–22 pectoral-fin
rays
D Indo-West Pacific (Maldives and Sri
Lanka to Caroline Is., Philippines, andVanuatu)
H Coral reefs
S 25 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)P. tessellata, UPVMI 196, 95.2 mm SL

Family Caesionidae

Pterocaesio tile

(Cuvier 1830)
En Darkbanded Fusilier
C ● 2 premaxillary processes ● Single longitudinal stripe on lateral surface of body,
mostly on lateral line ● Black band on eachcaudal-fin lobe
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andTuamotu Is.), except for Red Sea and Persian
Gulf
H Coral reefs
S 30 cm TL(H. Tatsukawa)P. tile, UPVMI 570, 177.5 mm SL

Family Lobotidae

Lobotes surinamensis(Bloch 1970)
En Tripletail

C ● Soft-rayed portions of dorsal and anal
fins rounded posteriorly and extending
beyond caudal-fin base ● Opercle with 2 flat
spinesD Circumglobal in temperate to tropicalwaters, except eastern Pacific Ocean
H Adults inhabiting brackish and marine
waters; juveniles with floating leaves
S 1 m TL
(S. Chungthanawong)

L. surinamensis, UPVMI 1518, 221.5 mm SL

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Family Gerreidae

Gerres erythrourus(Bloch 1791)
En Deepbody Silverbiddy
C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● 35–38
pored lateral-line scales ● Body deepand compressed ● Squamation on
preopercular flange with growth
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Sea to Japan andAustralia)
H Juveniles in estuaries, lower reaches ofcoastal rivers, and mangroves, and adults
in coastal waters
S 25 cm SL(Y. Iwatsuki)

G. erythrourus, UPVMI 230, 127.3 mm SL

Family Gerreidae

Gerres filamentosus
Cuvier 1829
En Whipfin Silverbiddy

C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● 35–38
pored lateral-line scales ● Body deepand compressed with elongated andfilamentted second dorsal-fin spine ●Body silvery with 6–12 indistinct verticalbands on body in specimens less thanca. 100 mm SL, forming vertical rows ofdark ovoid spots in larger specimens
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan, Australia, and Fiji)
H Juveniles in estuaries and mangroves,and adults in coastal waters
S 25 cm SL(Y. Iwatsuki)

Family Gerreidae
G. filamentosus, UPVMI 540, 143.8 mm SL

Gerres macracanthus

Bleeker 1854
En Longspined Silverbiddy
C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● Body
relatively slender and compressed ●Usually 6–10 (rarely up to 14 as faintbands in larger specimens) indistinct
vertical dark bands on body in subadults
and adults (more apparent in preserved oragitated specimens), not forming verticalrows of dark ovoid spots
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa and
Red Sea to Japan, Palau, and Indonesia)
H Juveniles in estuaries, lower reaches ofcoastal rivers, and mangroves, and adults
in coastal waters
S 17 cm SL(Y. Iwatsuki)

G. macracanthus, UPVMI 1675, 88.8 mm SL

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Family Gerreidae

Gerres oyena(Forsskål 1775)
En Common Silverbiddy
C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ●35–38 pored lateral-line scales● Body deep and compressed● 6–8 irregular, faint dusky
oblique and vertical bands
dorsolaterally and ventrolaterally
on body, respectively (usuallymore apparent in preserved oryoung stressed specimens) ● 3½
scale rows between 5th dorsalfin spine base and lateral line
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan, Australia, and Samoa)
H Juveniles in estuaries andmangroves, and adults in coastal
watersS 25 cm TL(Y. Iwatsuki)

G. oyena, UPVMI 587, 136.0 mm SL

Family Gerreidae

Gerres shima

Iwatsuki, Kimura & Yoshino 2007
En Banded Silverbiddy
C ● IX, 10 dorsal-fin rays ●Body relatively deep ● 3½ scalerows between 5th dorsal-fin
spine base and lateral line
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Japan, Philippines, and Indonesia)
H Juveniles in estuaries andmangroves, and adults in coastal
watersS 17 cm SL(Y. Iwatsuki)

G. shima, UPVMI 590, 128.7 mm SL

Family Gerreidae

Pentaprion longimanus(Cantor 1849)
En Longfin Silverbiddy

C ● IX–X, 14–15 dorsal-fin rays
● V–VI, 12–14 anal-fin rays ●Body silvery, with mirror-like
stripe from snout to peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (Percian
Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Muddy bottoms in estuaries
and coastal waters in depths ofless than 80 m
S 20 cm TL(Y. Iwatsuki)

P. longimanus, UPVMI 658, 100.8 mm SL

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Family Hapalogenyidae

Hapalogenys kishinouyei
Smith & Pope 1906
En Striped Velvetchin

C ● Body deep ● Dense cluster ofshort papillae on and behind chin
● 1st pelvic-fin soft ray moderately
long, its tip not reaching 1st analfin spine base ● Gray body with 5
broad longitudinal dark stripes
D Western Pacific (Japan to Philippines)
H Coastal and offshore waters
S 40 cm SL
R Identification followed Iwatsuki& Russell (2006). The present specimen represents the first specimenbased record of the species from thePhilippines(M. Matsunuma)

H. kishinouyei, UPVMI 2095, 142.9 mm SL (preserved specimen)

D. picta picta, UPVMI 263, 185.2 mm SL

Family Haemulidae

Diagramma picta picta(Thunberg 1792)
En Painted Sweetlips

C ● Body and vertical fins bluegray with yellow or orange spots inadults, body yellow, black stripes
in juveniles ● IX–X, 22–23 dorsalfin rays ● III, 7–8 anal-fin rays
D Western Pacific (Japan to Vanuatu), except for Australia andsouthern New Guinea
H Coral and rocky reefs, andsandy bottoms
S 60 cm SL(H. Hata)
D. picta picta, UPVMI 458, 91.2 mm SL

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Family Haemulidae

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides
Lacepède 1801
En Harlequin Sweetlips

C ● Body with numerous
dark brown spots in adults ●Depressed pelvic fin reaching
to anus ● XI–XII, 19–20
dorsal-fin rays ● III, 7–8 analfin rays
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and French Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallow waters
S 40 cm SL(H. Hata)

P. chaetodonoides, UPVMI 224, 267.9 mm SL

Family Haemulidae

Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia(Bleeker 1855)
En Goldbanded Sweetlips

C ● Head and body grayish
blue with many orange
narrow longitudinal bands ●Pectoral, pelvic, and anal finslight color
D Western Pacific (Indonesia
to Japan and New Guinea)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallow waters
S 35 cm SL(H. Hata)

P. chrysotaenia, UPVMI 983, 269.9 mm SL

Family Haemulidae

Plectorhinchus gibbosus
Lacepède 1802
En Harry Hotlips

C ● Body and fins uniformly
dark green ● Opercle
margined red ● Caudal fintransparent in juveniles ●XIV, 15–17 dorsal-fin rays ●III, 7–8 anal-fin rays
D Indo-Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs inshallow waters; juveniles
entering estuaries
S 40 cm SL(H. Hata)

P. gibbosus, UPVMI 1656, 356.7 mm SL

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Family Haemulidae

Pomadasys argenteus(Thunberg 1792)
En Silver Grunt

P. argenteus, UPVMI 448, 169.3 mm SL

C ● Body silver with numerous small black spots
scattered on dorsal fin andupper part of body ● Irregular
black longitudinal bands on
upper part of body in juveniles● 21–22 circumpeduncularscalesD Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Korea and Vanuatu)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
in shallow waters; juveniles
entering estuaries
S 30 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Haemulidae

Pomadasys argyreus(Valenciennes 1833)
En Bluecheek Silver Grunt

L. argyreus, KAUM–I. 80743, 81.3 mm SL

C ● Body uniformly greenish
silver without dark spots ●Bluish blotch on posterior partof opercle ● XII, 13 dorsalfin rays ● III, 7 anal-fin rays
● 18–19 circumpeduncularscalesD Indo-West Pacific (India to
Philippines and Papua New
Guinea)H Coastal waters
S 25 cm SL(H. Hata)

Family Haemulidae

Pomadasys maculatus(Bloch 1793)
En Saddle Grunt

P. maculatus, KAUM–I. 51674, 137.8 mm SL

C ● Body with 4 blackishvertical bands on dorsum ●Chin with 2 pores followed
by a pit
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Taiwan and Australia
H Muddy bottoms in shallow
watersS 30 cm SL(H. Hata)

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Family Haemulidae

Pomadasys trifasciatus
Fowler 1937
En Blackeared Grunt

C ● Body silver; 3 stripes on upper partof body in juveniles ● Bluish blotch on
posterior part of opercle ● XII, 13 dorsalfin rays ● III, 7 anal-fin rays ● 21–23
circumpeduncular scales
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Bay of Bengal to Philippines andAustralia)
H Coastal inshore waters, entering
estuaries
S 10 cm SL(H. Hata)

P. trifasciatus, UPVMI 328, 41.7 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus aurora

Russell 1993
En Dawn Threadfin BreamC ● Tip of upper caudal-fin lobe rounded● Upper lip yellow ● 4–5 ascending whiteor yellowish stripes below lateral line
D Western Pacific (Japan to Indonesia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 20 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. aurora, KAUM–I. 56014, 138.9 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus balinensoides(Popta 1918)
En Dwarf Threadfin BreamC ● Tip of upper caudal-fin lobe pointed● Suborbital narrow ● Yellow blotch atabove pectoral-fin base
D Western Pacific (Philippines andTailand to Indonesia, Australia, and New
Caledonia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 13 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. balinensoides, KAUM–I. 56008, 88.1 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus bathybius

Snyder 1911
En Yellowbelly Threadfin BreamC ● Upper caudal-fin lobe filamentous

N. bathybius, UPVMI 322, 149.0 mm SL● Dorsal fin with wavy yellow lines ● 3
yellow stripes on lateral surface of body
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Sea to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 20 cm SL(Y. Ando)
N. bathybius, KAUM–I. 56015, 156.2 mm SL

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Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus furcosus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Fork-tailed Threadfin BreamN. furcosus, UPVMI 1706, 199.3 mm SL

C ● Tip of upper caudal-fin
lobe pointed ● Body pink
with dark red saddles on back● Caudal fin yellowish topinkish; lower margin white
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Japan, Australia, and New
Caledonia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 20 cm SL(Y. Ando)

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus hexodon(Quoy & Gaimard 1824)
En Ornate Threadfin BreamN. furcosus, UPVMI 307, 190.3 mm SL

N. hexodon, UPVMI 342, 155.5 mm SL

C ● Tip of upper caudal-fin
lobe rounded ● Red blotch
just below origin of lateralline ● 6–8 pale yellow stripes
on lateral surface of body
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Taiwan, Solomon Is., andAustralia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 21 cm SL(Y. Ando)

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus japonicus(Bloch 1791)
En Japanese Threadfin BreamC ● Upper caudal-fin lobe
filamentous ● Pale red blotch
at origin of lateral line ●11–12 pale yellow stripes onlateral surface of body
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Indonesia and Philippines)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 25 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. japonicus, KAUM–I. 56009, 160.8 mm SL

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Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus nematophorus(Bleeker 1854)
En Doublewhip Threadfin BreamC ● Upper caudal-fin lobe
filamentous ● First dorsalfin spine very close to second
dorsal-fin spine and produced
filament
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Bay of Bengal
to Philippines and Indonesia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 20 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. nematophorus, KAUM–I. 80636, 148.0 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus nematopus(Bleeker 1851)
En Yellowtipped Threadfin BreamC ● Tip of upper caudal-fin
lobe slightly pointed ● Dorsal
fin with 3 yellow stripes ●2 yellow stripes on lateralsurface of body
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 18 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. nematopus, KAUM–I. 80685, 130.5 mm SL

N. zysron, KAUM–I. 56007, 171.1 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus zysron(Bleeker 1856)
En Slender Threadfin BreamC ● Tip of upper caudal-fin
lobe falcate ● Body elongate● A broad yellow band fromsnout to lower margin of orbit
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Philippines to
Taiwan and Fiji)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 19 cm SL(Y. Ando)

N. zysron, UPVMI 343, 151.4 mm SL

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Family Nemipteridae

Parascolopsis eriomma(Jordan & Richardson 1909)
En Rosy Dwarf Monocle BreamP. eriomma, KAUM–I. 52613, 111.8 mm SL

C ● 14–16 total gill rakers ●2nd anal-fin spine longer andmore robust than 3rd analfin spine ● Preopercle naked● Body with a faint broad
yellow band laterally
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andIndonesia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
in offshore waters
S 26 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

P. eriomma, UPVMI 1634, 158.0 mm SL

P. eriomma, UPVMI 182, 217.8 mm SL

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Family Nemipteridae

Parascolopsis inermis(Temminck & Schlegel 1843)
En Unarmed Dwarf Monocle BreamC ● 9–12 total gill rakers ● 4th or 5th
dorsal-fin soft ray not notably elongate● Preopercle naked ● 4 reddish blown
bands across dorsum from nape tocaudal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (Laccadive Is. toJapan and Indonesia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms in offshore
watersS 12 cm SL
R Although P. inermis is similar to
P. tanyactis Russell 1986, the former
is distinguished from the latter by 4th
or 5th dorsal-fin soft ray not notably
elongate (vs. notably elongate).
(K. Fujiwara)

P. inermis, KAUM–I. 80782, 103.9 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Parascolopsis tanyactis

Russell 1986
En Longrayed Dwarf Monocle BreamC ● 4th or 5th dorsal-fin soft ray notably
elongate ● Preopercle naked ● Dusky
yellow band joining nostrils across snout● 2 black blotches on dorsal-fin base
D Western Pacific (Philippines toAustralia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms in offshore
watersS 21 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

P. tanyactis, KAUM–I. 91773, 133.6 mm SL

P. tanyactis, KAUM–I. 91774, 118.3 mm SL

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Family Nemipteridae

Pentapodus bifasciatus(Bleeker 1848)
En Whiteshouldered Whiptail

P. bifasciatus, KAUM–I. 80739, 97.9 mm SL

C ● 2nd anal-fin spine shorter and less robust
than 3rd anal-fin spine ● Caudal-fin lobes pointed● Head scales reaching forward dorsally to
between level of posterior and anterior nostrils ●2 distinct yellow stripes on lateral surface of body
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Indonesia)
H Shallow coral reef areas
S 15 cm SL
R This species is similar to P. caninus (Cuvier1830) in having 2 distinct yellow stripes on thelateral surface of the body, but differs in having
the pointed caudal-fin lobes (vs. falcated lobes)(K. Fujiwara)

Family Nemipteridae

Pentapodus nagasakiensis(Tanaka 1915)
En Japanese Whiptail

P. bifasciatus, KAUM–I. 56092, 72.0 mm SL

C ● Snout length equal to or less than eye
diameter ● Head scales reaching forward
dorsally to anterior margin of eye ● Lower limb
of preopercle naked ● Body blown to yellow
dorsally, white ventrally
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Offshore waters
S 15 cm SL
R This species is very similar to P. aureofasciatus
Russell 2001 in having the head scales reaching
forward dorsally to the anterior margin of the eyeand pointed caudal-fin lobes, but the former canbe distinguished from the latter species by the
naked lower limb of the preopercle (vs. scaly)(K. Fujiwara)

P. nagasakiensis, KAUM–I. 52627, 123.8 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Pentapodus setosus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Butterfly Whiptail

P. setosus, KAUM–I. 52610, 114.1 mm SL

P. setosus, KAUM–I. 80781, 103.9 mm SL

C ● 46–48 lateral-line scales ● Caudal fin forked,
upper lobe produced into a very long trailingfilament ● Lower limb of preopercle naked ● 2
bluish stripes on snout; first from tip of snout tomiddle of eye, second from upper lip to lower
margin of eye
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Indonesia)
H Offshore waters
S 18 cm SL
R This species is very similar to P. paradiseus(Günther 1859) in having a long trailing filamentof the upper caudal-fin lobe and a naked lower
limb of the preopercle, but the former can be
distinguished from the latter by 2 bluish stripes on
the snout (vs. 3 bluish stripes)(K. Fujiwara)

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Family Nemipteridae

Pentapodus trivittatus(Bloch 1791)
En Threestriped Whiptail

C ● Lower limb of preopercle
scaly ● Head scales reaching
forward dorsally to anterior
margin of eye ● Body palewith 3 dusky longitudinal
stripes ● Dark bar at pectoralfin base
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Solomon Is. andIndonesia)
H Sandy and coral reefs incoastal waters
S 19 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

P. trivittatus, KAUM–I. 80644, 214.3 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Scolopsis margalitifer(Cuvier 1830)
En Pearly Monocle BreamC ● 37–39 lateral-line scales● Small forward pointing
spine below eye absent ●Head scales reaching forward
dorsally to anterior margin ofeye ● Soft-rayed portion of
dorsal fin and lower caudalfin lobe reddish
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia and Vanuatu)
H Offshore waters
S 18 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

S. margalitifer, UPVMI 1328, 138.8 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Scolopsis monogramma(Cuvier 1830)
En Monogrammed Monocle BreamC ● 46–49 lateral-line scales● 5–6 transverse scale rows
between lateral line and firstdorsal-fin spine base ● Headscales reaching forward
dorsally to between anterior
margin of eyes and posterior
nostril ● 3 blue stripes onsnout
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy bottoms near reefs
S 26 cm SL
R Protogyny(K. Fujiwara)

S. monogramma, UPVMI 1238, 235.7 mm SL

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S. taenioptera, UPVMI 159, 73.9 mm SL

Family Nemipteridae

Scolopsis taenioptera(Cuvier 1830)
En Lattice Monocle BreamS. taenioptera, UPVMI 337, 63.0 mm SL

C ● Lower limb of preopercle
naked ● Head scales reaching
forward dorsally to posterior
nostril ● Opercular ridge
naked ● Distinct red blotch at
upper pectoral-fin base
D Western Pacific (Taiwan toAustralia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
in offshore waters
S 20 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

Family Nemipteridae

Scolopsis vosmeri(Bloch 1792)
En Whitecheek Monocle BreamS. vosmeri, KAUM–I. 52620, 111.8 mm SL

C ● Small forward pointing
spine present below eye ●Pectoral fins not reaching tolevel of anus ● Head scales
reaching forward dorsally to
between level of snout andanterior nostril ● Distinct,
broad white vertical bar onhead
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andAustralia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
in inshore waters
S 16 cm SL(K. Fujiwara)

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Family Sparidae

Acanthopagrus pacificus

Iwatsuki, Kume & Yoshino 2010
En Pacific Seabream
C ● 42–46 lateral-line scales ●3.5 transverse scale rows between
lateral line and median spinous
portion of dorsal fin ● Head andbody silvery black ● Pelvic andanal fins dark gray
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia), except for oceanic islands
H Bays and estuaries
S 60 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

A. pacificus, UPVMI 1659, 324.0 mm SL

Family Sparidae

Argyrops bleekeri

Oshima 1927
En King Soldier BreamC ● 8 anal-fin soft rays ● Anterior
spines of dorsal-fin soft andelongated into filament ● Body
deep ● Body red, without bluishspots
D Western Pacific (Japan to Indonesia), except for oceanic islands
H Offshore waters
S 40 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

Family Lethrinidae

Gymnocranius elongatus
Senta 1973
En Forktail Large-eye BreamA. bleekeri, UPVMI 227, 231.6 mm SL

C ● Cheek with scales ● Maxilla
without serrated ridge ● Teeth onlateral side of lower jaw conical ●Both lobes of caudal fin pointed● Length of middle caudal-fin rayless than eye diameter
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (East Africa and
Seychelles to Japan and SolomonIs.)
H Gravel bottoms and rocky reefs
deeper than 50 m
S 25 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

G. elongatus, UPVMI 1672, 155.0 mm SL

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G. grandoculis, UPVMI 1085, 276.3 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Gymnocranius grandoculis(Valenciennes 1830)
En Blue-lined Large-eye BreamC ● Cheek with scales ● Maxilla
without serrated ridge ● Teeth onlateral side of lower jaw conical● Length of middle caudal-fin ray
greater than eye diameter ● Body
depth 2.3 or more in SL ● Several
wavy blue lines on snout and cheek
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japanand French Polynesia), except for
Hawaiian and Easter islands
H Gravel bottoms and rocky reefs
deeper than 50 m
S 65 cm SL
G. grandoculis, UPVMI 1775, 293.7 mm SL(S. N. Chiba)

Family Lethrinidae

Gymnocranius griseus(Temminck & Schlegel 1843)
En Grey Large-eye BreamC ● Cheek with scales ● Maxilla
without serrated ridge ● Teeth onlateral side of lower jaw conical● Length of middle caudal-fin ray
greater than eye diameter ● Body
depth 2.2 or less in SL
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Sea to Japan andAustralia)
H Gravel bottoms and rocky reefs
shallower than 100 m
S 30 cm SL
G. griseus, UPVMI 1329, 197.2 mm SL(S. N. Chiba)

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Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus atkinsoni

Seale 1910
En Pacific Yellowtail Emperor
C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoral-fin axilla
with many minute scales ● Body without dark
blotch ● Dorsal-fin spines not elongated ●Both lobs of caudal fin pointed ● Each scaleon dorsal half of body with dark spot ● Pelvic
fins pale
D Eastern Indian and Pacific oceans (Keeling
Is. to Japan and Tuamotu Is.)H Gravel bottoms, rocky and coral reefs
shallower than 100 m
S 40 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. atkinsoni, UPVMI 1087, 256.9 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus erythracanthus
Valenciennes 1830
En Orange-spotted Emperor

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoral-fin axilla

L. erythracanthus, UPVMI 1652, 259.3 mm SL

with many minute scales ● Body without dark
blotch ● Dorsal-fin spines not elongated ●Both lobs of caudal fin rounded
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andTuamotu Is.)H Gravel bottoms, rocky and coral reefs
shallower than 100 m
S 60 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. erythracanthus, UPVMI 149, 172.8 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus genivittatus
Valenciennes 1830
En Longspine Emperor

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoral-fin axilla
with many minute scales ● Body without
dark blotch ● 2nd dorsal-fin spines longest,distinctly elongated
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Indonesia to Japan and Caroline Is.)H Gravel bottoms, rocky and coral reefs
shallower than 100 m
S 20 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. genivittatus, UPVMI 1630, 118.4 mm SL

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Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus harak(Forsskål 1775)
En Thumbprint Emperor
C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoral-fin
axilla with many minute scales ● Body withlarge dark blotch
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japanand Samoa)
H Seaweed beds, gravel bottoms
S 45 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. harak, UPVMI 977, 217.3 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus lentjan(Lacepède 1802)
En Pink Ear Emperor

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoralfin axilla without or with few scales ● 6
transverse scale rows between lateral line
and median spinous portion of dorsal fin ●Body depth 2.6–2.8 in SL
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japanand Tonga)
H Gravel bottoms shallower than 100 m
S 45 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

Family Lethrinidae
L. lentjan, UPVMI 1513, 120.0 mm SL

Lethrinus microdon

Valenciennes 1830
En Smalltooth Emperor

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoralfin axilla without or with few scales ● 5transverse scale rows between lateral line
and median spinous portion of dorsal fin● Body depth 0.9–1.2 in SL ● Snout withseveral dark lines radiating from eye
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japanand Papua New Guinea)
H Coral reefs
S 55 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. microdon, UPVMI 1128, 316.0 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus nebulosus(Forsskål 1775)
En Spangled Emperor

L. nebulosus, UPVMI 331, 222.4 mm SL

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoral-fin
axilla with many minute scales ● Dorsalfin spines not elongated ● Both lobes of
caudal fin pointed ● 6 transverse scale rows
between lateral line and median spinous
portion of dorsal fin ● Snout and cheek with
2–3 light blue oblique bands
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japanand Samoa)
H Gravel bottoms, rocky and coral reefs
S 65 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

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Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus obsoletus(Forsskål 1775)
En Orange-striped Emperor
C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoralfin axilla with many minute scales ●Body without dark blotch ● Dorsalfin spines not elongated ● Both lobsof caudal fin pointed ● 6 transverse
scale rows between lateral line andmedian spinous portion of dorsal fin● Posterior margin of preopercle not
red ● Body with one longitudinalyellowish-orange stripe
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Samoa)
H Coral reefs
S 40 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. obsoletus, UPVMI 1088, 253.2 mm SL

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus olivaceus(Valenciennes 1830)
En Longface Emperor

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoralfin axilla without or with few scales ●6 transverse scale rows between lateralline and median spinous portion of
dorsal fin ● Body depth 3.0–3.3 in SL
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Samoa)
H Rocky and coral reefs
S 80 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus ornatus
Valenciennes 1830
En Ornate Emperor

L. olivaceus, UPVMI 1633, 143.2 mm SL

C ● Cheek without scales ● Pectoralfin axilla with many minute scales ●Body without dark blotch ● Dorsalfin spines not elongated ● Both lobsof caudal fin pointed ● 6 transverse
scale rows between lateral line andmedian spinous portion of dorsal fin ●Posterior margin of preopercle red ●Body with several longitudinal orange
stripes
D Indo-West Pacific (Maldives toJapan and Australia)
H Rocky and coral reefs
S 30 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

L. ornatus, UPVMI 335, 169.9 mm SL

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Family Lethrinidae

Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
Sato 1978
En Spotcheek Emperor

L. rubrioperculatus, UPVMI 453, 305.0 mm SL

A. nibe, KAUM–I. 80632, 169.2 mm SL

C ● Cheek without scales ●Pectoral-fin axilla without or withfew scales ● Body without dark
blotch ● 5 transverse scale rows
between lateral line and medianspinous portion of dorsal fin ●Body depth about 0.9–1.2 in headlength ● Snout and cheek without
dark lines and dots ● Posterior
part of opercle with scalelessarea ● No red markings on snout,preopercle, or pectoral-fin base
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and French Polynesia),
except for Hawaiian and Lineislands
H Gravel bottoms, rocky andcoral reefs
S 40 cm SL(S. N. Chiba)

Family Sciaenidae

Atrobucca nibe

(Jordan & Thompson 1911)
En Blackmouth Croaker

A. nibe, UPVMI 1622, 387.4 mm SL

C ● 27–33 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Swimbladder with numerous
appendages ● Body silvery,
pectoral fin blackish ● Oral cavity
uniformly black
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Indonesia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 45 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

A. nibe, KAUM–I. 80630, 195.0 mm SL

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Family Sciaenidae

Dendrophysa russelii(Cuvier 1829)
En Goatee CroakerC ● 5 mental pores ● Single barbel
on chin ● Swimbladder carrot-shapedwith about 14–17 pairs of fan-likeappendages ● Opercle golden withblue blotch
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Bay of Bengal to China andIndonesia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 25 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

D. russelii, KAUM–I. 57208, 97.4 mm SL

Family Sciaenidae

Johnius amblycephalus(Bleeker 1855)
En Bearded CroakerC ● 6 mental pores ● Single shortbarbel on chin ● Swimbladderhammer-shaped with about 14 or 15
pairs of appendages ● Body dark grayD Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan to
China and Australia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 25 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Sciaenidae

J. amblycephalus, KAUM–I. 80772, 84.9 mm SL

Johnius borneensis(Bleeker 1851)
En Sharpnose Hammer CroakerC ● 6 mental pores ● No barbel onchin ● Swimbladder hammer-shapedwith about 14–17 pairs of appendages● Body silvery
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf toChina and New Guinea)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Sciaenidae

Nibea semifasciata

J. borneensis, KAUM–I. 80634, 175.5 mm SL

Chu, Lo & Wu 1963
En Sharpnose CroakerC ● 6 mental pores ● Snout pointed,
projecting in front of upper jaw ●Swimbladder carrot-shaped with
17–20 pairs of appendages ● Anal,
pectoral, and pelvic fins yellowish
D East China Sea, Gulf of Thailand,and Philippines
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 24 cm SL
R Present specimen represents thefirst record of the species from thePhilippines(M. Matsunuma)

N. semifasciata, UPVMI 510, 147.7 mm SL

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Family Sciaenidae

Otolithes ruber(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Tigertooth Croaker

O. ruber, KAUM–I. 80801, 210.0 mm SL

C ● Body very elongate ● Strong
canine teeth in upper jaw or bothjaws ● Swimbladder carrotshaped with 32–36 pairs of fan-likeappendages ● Body silvery
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa
to China and Australia)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 70 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Sciaenidae

Pennahia anea

(Bloch 1793)
En Donkey Croaker

P. anea, UPVMI 191, 179.8 mm SL

C ● 22–24 dorsal-fin soft rays ●4 mental pores ● Swimbladdercarrot-shaped with 17–22 pairs of
fan-like appendages ● Body silvery
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf
to China and Philippines)
H Sandy or muddy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Sillaginidae

Sillago aeolus

Jordan & Evermann 1902
En Oriental Sillago

S. aeolus, UPVMI 124, 149.4 mm SL

C ● Usually 18 anal-fin soft rays
● Body relatively deep ● Swimbladder with 3 anterior rudimental
extensions ● Body golden withdark blotches
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and Indonesia)
H Sandy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

Family Sillaginidae

Sillago sihama(Forsskål 1775)
En Silver Sillago

S. sihama, UPVMI 532, 152.6 mm SL

C ● 21–23 anal-fin soft rays ●Body elongate ● Swimbladderwith 2 posterior extensions ● Body
silvery without dark markings
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and New Caledonia)
H Sandy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

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Family Mullidae

Parupeneus barberinus(Lacepède 1801)
En Dash-and-dot Goatfish

C ● A dark brown stripe from upper
lip through eye to below middle ofsecond dorsal-fin base ● A yellow
stripe above black stripe ● A large
black spot on caudal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa
to Japan and New Caledonia), except
for Red Sea
H Sandy and rubble area near reefs
to 100 m depth
S 50 cm SL
R All specimens collected fromPanay I. had a yellow stripe above
the dark brown stripe on the body
(K. Koeda)

P. barberinus, KAUM–I. 69434, 97.8 mm SL

Family Mullidae

Parupeneus chrysopleuron(Temminck & Schlegel 1843)
En Yellowstriped Goatfish

C ● 15–16 pectoral-fin rays ● A
yellow stripe from eye to caudal-finbase just above lateral line ● Barbels
white to pale yellow ● No large dark
spot on caudal peduncle
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Myanmar to Japan andIndonesia)
H Muddy area near reefs
S 50 cm SL(K. Koeda)

Family Mullidae

Parupeneus heptacanthus

P. chrysopleuron, UPVMI 222, 127.7 mm SL

P. heptacanthus, UPVMI 226, 173.1 mm SL(Lacepède 1802)
En Cinnabar Goatfish

C ● A dark reddish spot present justbelow posterior end of first dorsal fin● Posterior end of maxilla oblique ●No dark stripe on upper side of body
● No dark spot on side of caudal
peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Fiji)
H Muddy, sandy, rubble, or sea grassareas of lagoon and reefs
S 23 cm SL(K. Koeda)

P. heptacanthus, UPVMI 1327, 255.3 mm SL

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Family Mullidae

Parupeneus indicus(Shaw 1803)
En Indian Goatfish

P. indicus, UPVMI 1508, 189.0 mm SL

C ● 27–28 lateral-line scales ● Brightyellow oval patch on upper back, without
dark brown stripe ● A large black spot on
caudal peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa to Japanand Samoa)
H Sandy or silty area of lagoon andseaward reefs
S 23 cm SL(K. Koeda)

Family Mullidae

Parupeneus multifasciatus(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Manybar Goatfish

C ● 4 or 5 dark bars on body ● Barbels
white to pale yellow ● Barbels long, its
length 1.1 to 1.4 times in HL
D Eastern Indian and Pacific oceans(Christmas I. to Hawaiian and Tuamotu Is.)H Sandy, rubble, or coral reef areas
S 20 cm SL(K. Koeda)

P. multifasciatus, UPVMI 768, 139.6 mm SL

Family Mullidae

Upeneus guttatus(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Two-tone Goatfish
C ● 13–14 pectoral-fin rays ● 5 reddish
cross bars on upper caudal-fin lobe ● First
dorsal-fin tip pale ● Barbels white to yellow
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa to Japan
and New Caledonia)
H Sandy or muddy areas
S 16 cm SL(K. Koeda)

U. guttatus, UPVMI 155, 96.4 mm SL

U. japonicus, KAUM–I. 91785, 100.3 mm SL

Family Mullidae

Upeneus japonicus(Houttuyn 1782)
En Japanese Goatfish

C ● 24–27 gill rakers ● Posterior tips ofdepressed barbels extending well beyond
vertical through preopercular margin ●Ventral and posterior margins of lower
lobe white, and remaining part of lobe
uniformly red with narrow black margin
posteroventrally
D Western Pacific (East Asia to Philippines
and Malaysia)
H Sandy bottoms in depths of less than 400 m
S 16 cm SL
R The present specimen was tentatively
identified as U. japonicus; further studies
may reveal that it is an undescribed species(H. Motomura)

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Family Mullidae

Upeneus moluccensis(Bleeker 1855)
En Goldband Goatfish

C ● VIII, 9 dorsal-fin rays ●Golden yellow stripe from eye
to upper base of caudal fin ● 6–7
dark cross bars on upper caudalfin lobe ● First dorsal-fin tip dark
● Barbels white
D Indo-West Pacific (Mozambique to Japan and Australia)
H Muddy areas
S 17 cm SL(K. Koeda)

U. moluccensis, UPVMI 232, 115.6 mm SL

Family Mullidae

Upeneus stenopsis

Uiblein & McGrouther 2012
En Narrow-tail Goatfish
C ● Body relatively slender, its
depth at dorsal-fin origin 22.0–
25.0% of SL ● Eye relatively
large, its diameter 9.2–9.9% of
SL ● 4–5 and 3–4 dark cross bars
on upper and lower caudal-fin
lobes respectively
D Philippines and Australia
H 127–275 m depth
S 13 cm SL
R The species was recently described as a new species on thebasis of 4 specimens from Australia and the Philippines. The
present specimen represents the
2nd record of the species(K. Koeda)

Family Mullidae

U. moluccensis, UPVMI 961, 94.8 mm SL

U. stenopsis, KAUM–I. 93568, 113.7 mm SL

Upeneus subvittatus(Temminck & Schlegel 1843)
En Deep-water Goatfish
C ● No stripes on lateral surface
of body ● 4–6 and 3–4 dark crossbars on upper and lower caudalfin lobes respectively ● Barbels
white
D Western Pacific (Japan toIndonesia)
H Sandy and muddy areas incoastal waters
S 21 cm SL(K. Koeda)

U. subvittatus, UPVMI 1691, 188.0 mm SL

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Family Mullidae

Upeneus sulphureus
Cuvier 1829
En Sulphur Goatfish

U. sulphureus, KAUM–I. 57209, 94.7 mm SL

C ● Body pale brown dorsally and white ventrally ●2 yellow stripes on lateralsurface of body ● No bars on
caudal-fin lobes
D Indo-West Pacific (Mozambique to Japan and Fiji)
H Muddy area, often entering
estuaries
S 19 cm SL(K. Koeda)

Family Mullidae

Upeneus sundaicus(Bleeker 1855)
En Ochrebanded Goatfish

U. sundaicus, KAUM–I. 52601, 149.2 mm SL

C ● A pale brown to yellow
mid-lateral stripe from behind
eye to caudal-fin base ● First
dorsal-fin tip pale ● No bars
on caudal-fin lobes
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Japan and Australia)
H Muddy or silty sand bottoms
S 19 cm SL(K. Koeda)

U. sundaicus, UPVMI 154, 93.5 mm SL

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Family Mullidae

Upeneus tragula

Richardson 1846
En Freckled Goatfish
C ● VIII dorsal-fin spines ●Dark reddish stripe from snout
to caudal-fin base ● Body andfins flecked with small dark
reddish brown spots ● Caudal
fin with dark reddish bands
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea toJapan and New Caledonia)
H Sandy bottoms in coastal
waters at depths of less than 42m
S 19 cm SL(K. Koeda & H. Motomura)U. tragula, UPVMI 914, 97.7 mm SL

Family Mullidae

Upeneus vittatus(Forsskål 1775)
En Yellowstriped Goatfish
C ● Body silvery with 4 distinct
narrow brassy yellow stripes ●First dorsal-fin tip pale ● 3 darkcross bars on lower caudal-fin
lobe, distal bar nearly twice as
broad than middle band
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa to
Hawaiian and Society Is.)H Muddy areas
S 30 cm SL(K. Koeda)

U. vittatus, UPVMI 153, 140.6 mm SL

Family Pempheridae

Parapriacanthus ransonneti
Steindachner 1870
En Pigmy Sweeper

C ● Body elongate ● V, 8–10

dorsal-fin rays ● III, 18–23 analfin rays ● 60–79 lateral-line
scales ● Lateral line extending
about half-way along middle
caudal-fin ray
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and New Caledonia)
H Shallow rocky or coral reefareas
S 6 cm SL
R Found in large groups undercoral overhangs and in caves.
Nocturnal(K. Koeda)

P. ransonneti, KAUM–I. 80807, 48.7 mm SL

P. ransonneti, KAUM–I. 80808, 50.3 mm SL

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G. buergeri, UPVMI 553, 468.1 mm SL

Family Glaucosomatidae

Glaucosoma buergeri
Richardson 1845
En Grey Bigmouth BreamC ● 11 dorsal-fin soft rays ●9 anal-fin soft rays ● 49–51
pored lateral-line scales ●Narrow horizontal bands on
body in juveniles
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Western Australia to Japan)
H Continental shelves
S 47 cm SL(M. Nakae)

G. buergeri, KAUM–I. 52611, 94.7 mm SL

Family Drepaneidae

Drepane punctata(Linnaeus 1758)
En Spotted Sicklefish

C ● VIII–X, 19–22 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 16–19 anal-fin rays ● 46–
50 pored lateral-line scales ● Body very deep, strongly compressed● Pectoral fins elongate ● Body with 5–10 series of black spots
forming vertical lines
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japan, Samoa, andAustralia)
H Coastal waters
S 40 cm TL(T. Uejo)

D. punctata, UPVMI 918, 281.5 mm SL

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Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon baronessa
Cuvier 1829
En Baroness Butterflyfish

C ● XI–XII, 22–26 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 20–22
anal-fin rays ● 16–23 pored lateral-line scales ●Many narrows blue or blown bands on body ●Dark triangular marking on caudal fin
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Cocos-Keeling I. to Japan and Fiji)
H Coral reefs at depths of less than 10 m
S 15 cm TL
R Similar to an Indian Ocean sister species C.
triangulum Cuvier 1831
(T. Uejo)

C. baronessa, UPVMI 959, 87.9 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon guentheri
Ahl 1923
En Gunther's Butterflyfish

C ● XIII, 20–23 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 18–20 analfin rays ● 36–38 pored lateral-line scales ● Pelvic
fins white ● Many dark spots on silver–whitebody ● Pale yellow area across posterior body,dorsal and anal fins, caudal-fin base, and caudalfin
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Coral reefs at depths of 5–40 m
S 15 cm TL(T. Uejo)

C. guentheri, UPVMI 800, 101.9 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon kleinii

Bloch 1790
En Klein's Butterflyfish
C ● XIII–XIV, 20–23 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 17–20
anal-fin rays ● 29–39 pored lateral-line scales● White vertical bar at caudal-fin base ● Dorsal
head black ● Black vertical band through eye● Pelvic fins black ● Body, dorsal and anal fins
yellow posteriorly ● Caudal fin yellow anteriorly
D Indo-Pacific Ocean (East Africa to Hawaiian Is.
and French Polynesia)
H Coral reefs at depths of less than 60 m
S 18 cm TL(T. Uejo)

C. kleinii, KAUM–I. 69437, 34.2 mm SL

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Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon vagabundus
Linnaeus 1758
En Vagabond Butterflyfish

C ● XII–XIII, 22–25 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 19–20 anal-fin
rays ● 30–37 pored lateral-line scales ● Ascendant anddescendant oblique dark lines on anterior and posterior
halves of body respectively
D Indo-Pacific Ocean (East Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Coral reefs at depths of less than 30 m
S 23 cm TL(T. Uejo)

C. vagabundus, KAUM–I. 80733, 45.5 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Coradion chrysozonus(Cuvier 1831)
En Orangebanded Coralfish

C ● IX, 28–30 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 19–22 anal-fin rays
● 48–52 pored lateral-line scales ● Black bar extending
to pelvic-fin base through eye ● Pair of closely spaced
yellowish brown bands behind head ● Brownish yellow
band on posterior portion of body
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans (Andaman
Sea to Japan and Solomon Is.)H Coral reefs at depths of less than 60 m
S 17 cm TL(T. Uejo)

C. chrysozonus, KAUM–I. 56030, 87.5 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Heniochus acuminatus(Linnaeus 1758)
En Longfin Bannerfish

C ● XI, 23–27 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 16–19 anal-fin rays ● 49–52
pored lateral-line scales ● 5–7 rows of teeth on each jaw ● Black
area on posterior part of anal fin usually not extending anteriorly tolongest anal-fin soft ray
D Indo-Pacific Ocean (East Africa to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Coral reefs at depths of less than 100 m
S 25 cm TL(T. Uejo)

H. acuminatus, UPVMI 731, 155.6 mm SL

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P. ocellatus, KAUM–I. 80821, 87.7 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Parachaetodon ocellatus(Cuvier 1831)
En Ocellate Coralfish

C ● VI, 28–30 dorsal-fin rays
● III, 18–20 anal-fin rays
● 34–44 pored lateral-line
scales ● Elevated, triangulardorsal fin ● 5 brown to orange
bands on head and body ●Large black blotch at middleof dorsal-fin base on 4th band
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Japan, Fiji, and Australia)
H Coral reefs at depths ofless than 60 m; occurring on
muddy bottoms in young
S 18 cm TL(T. Uejo)

P. ocellatus, UPVMI 459, 96.2 mm SL

Family Chaetodontidae

Roa sp.
En —C ● 3rd or 4th spine longest
in dorsal fin ● 2nd spine
longest in anal fin ● 48–52
pored lateral-line scales ●Pelvic fins yellowish black ●4 yellowish brown bands onhead and body, 1st band onhead through eye, last band at
caudal-fin base ● Soft-rayed
portion of dorsal fin withblack blotch margined white
D Japan and Philippines
H Shallower than about 160m
S 8 cm TL
R Caught with bottom trawls.
This species, closely related
to R. modestus (Temminck &Schlegel 1844), is currently
being studied taxonomically(T. Uejo & H. Motomura)Roa sp., UPVMI 617, 87.2 mm SL

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Family Pomacanthidae

Genicanthus lamarck(Lacepède 1802)
En Lamarck's Angelfish

G. lamarck, UPVMI 782, 111.8 mm SL

C ● XIV–XV dorsal-fin spines ● 4 longitudinal black stripes on body side in males;
uppermost strip broadest in others ● Upperand lower margins of caudal fin black infemales and juveniles
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Andaman Sea to Japan, Australia, andVanuatu)
H Coral reefs and drop-off area
S 25 cm TL(K. Wibowo)

Family Pomacanthidae

Pomacanthus imperator(Bloch 1787)
En Emperor Angelfish

C ● XIII–XIV dorsal-fin spines ● Many
diagonal yellow and dark blue stripes onlateral surface of body
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan and
Hawaiian and Pitcairn Is.)H Rocky reefs
S 38 cm TL(K. Wibowo)

P. imperator, UPVMI 921, 277.3 mm SL

Family Pentacerotidae

Histiopterus typus

Temminck & Schlegel 1844
En Sailfin Armourhead
C ● IV dorsal-fin spines ● 3rd and 4th spine
longest in dorsal fin ● Head not covered withscalesD Indo-West Pacific (South Africa to Japanand Australia)
H Sandy bottoms and deep rocky reefs
S 35 cm TL(K. Wibowo)

H. typus, UPVMI 783, 208.1 mm SL

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Family Cepolidae

Acanthocepola abbreviata(Valenciennes 1835)
En Yellowspotted Bandfish

C ● 64–75 dorsal-fin rays
● Preopercular margin withspines ● 8–10 branchedcaudal-fin rays ● Body withnumerous broad orange spots
and bands
D Indo-West Pacific (Gulf ofOman to Philippines)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(M. Matsunuma)

A. abbreviata, KAUM–I. 80761, 119.1 mm SL

A. abbreviata, UPVMI 608, 285.3 mm SL

Family Cepolidae

Acanthocepola indica(Day 1888)
En —C ● Body relatively deep
● Preopercular margin withspines ● Dark blotch on
anterior portion of dorsal fin ●Body with numerous narrow
yellow bands
D Northern Indian and northwestern Pacific oceans (Pakistan to Japan and Philippines)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 40 cm SL
R The present specimen represents the first specimenbased record of the species
from the Philippines(M. Matsunuma)

A. indica, KAUM–I. 51653, 319.5 mm SL

A. indica, UPVMI 607, 475.1 mm SL

Family Cepolidae

Acanthocepola sp.
En —C ● 89 dorsal-fin rays ●Preopercular margin withspines ● All caudal-fin rays
unbranched ● Body withnumerous narrow yellow
bands
D Philippines
H Probably sandy and muddy
bottoms
S 40 cm SL
R The present specimen issimilar to A. krusensternii(Temminck & Schlegel 1845)b u t d i ff e r s i n h a v i n g 8 9
dorsal-fin rays (vs. 78–82 in
the latter)(M. Matsunuma)

Acanthocepola sp., KAUM–I. 80822, 395.0 mm SL

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Family Cepolidae

Cepola schlegelii
Bleeker 1854
En —C. schlegelii, UPVMI 780, 557.1 mm SL

C ● Body slender ● Preopercular margin without
spines ● Membrane between
upper jaw and snout black ●Single silver streak behind
pectoral fin
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Indonesia toJapan)H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 56 cm SL
R The present specimen represents the first specimenbased record of the species
from the Philippines(M. Matsunuma)

Family Pomacentridae

Abudefduf vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Indo-Pacific SergeantA. vaigiensis, UPVMI 1665, 70.2 mm SL

C ● 11–14 dorsal-fin soft rays
● No scales on lacrimal ● 5vertical dark bars on lateralsurface of body
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan and New
Zealand); Hawaiian Is. (introduction); Mediterranean Sea(Red Sea immigrant)
H Rocky and coral reefs
S 17 cm SL(K. Wibowo)

Family Pomacentridae

Amphiprion clarkii(Bennett 1830)
En Clark's Anemonfish

A. clarkii, KAUM–I. 51667, 83.1 mm SL

C ● X–XI, 14–17 dorsal-fin
rays ● 3 white bars, including
one bar on caudal peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Associated with anemoneson coral reefs
S 10 cm SL
R Popular as an aquarium fish
(K. Wibowo)

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A. polymnus, KAUM–I. 56029, 91.9 mm SL

Family Pomacentridae

Amphiprion polymnus(Linnaeus 1758)
En Saddleback Anemonfish

C ● X–XI dorsal-fin spines ●II–III anal-fin spines ● Large
white mark on dorso-posterior
part of body, extending onto
dorsal fin
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Associated with anemoneson sandy bottoms adjacent tocoral reefs
S 10 cm SL
R Sometime sold as an aquarium fish
(K. Wibowo)

A. polymnus, UPVMI 853, 83.6 mm SL

Family Pomacentridae

Chromis mirationis
Tanaka 1917
En Japanese Chromis

C ● XIV dorsal-fin spines ●Posterior nostril large slit ●Single longitudinal dark bandon middle of body
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Rocky reefs at depths of
40–90 mS 11 cm SL
R Reef associated and nonmigratory(K. Wibowo)

C. mirationis, KAUM–I. 51658, 115.5 mm SL

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Family Pomacentridae

Pomacentrus adelus
Allen 1991
En Obscure Damselfish

C ● XIII dorsal-fin spines ●22–24 total gill rakers on firstarch ● Black blotch marginedwith blue on posterior dorsal
fin in juveniles
D Eastern Indian and Western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to New Caledonia)
H Coral reefs and lagoons incoastal waters
S 9 cm TL
R Solitary or in small groups(K. Wibowo)

P. adelus, KAUM–I. 62912, 29.5 mm SL

Family Pomacentridae

Pomacentrus cuneatus
Allen 1991
En Wedgespot Damselfish

C ● 14–15 dorsal-fin softrays ● Blue tips on dorsal-fin
spines ● Wedge-shaped darkmark at upper pectoral-finbase
D Western Pacific (Southeast
Asian countries)
H Reefs in coastal waters
S 9 cm TL
R Solitary or in small groups(K. Wibowo)

P. cuneatus, KAUM–I. 56035, 50.1 mm SL

Family Pomacentridae

Pristotis obtusirostris(Günther 1862)
En Gulf Damselfish

P. obtusirostris, KAUM–I. 52603, 94.2 mm SL

C ● 13 dorsal-fin spines ●Caudal fin forked ● Blue spoton each body scale
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
to Japan and New Caledonia)
H Flat sandy and rubble
bottoms around coral androcky reefs; often entering toestuaries in juveniles
S 14 cm TL(K. Wibowo)

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P. quadrilineatus, UPVMI 850, 130.9 mm SL

P. quadrilineatus, UPVMI 826, 71.5 mm SL

Family Terapontidae

Pelates quadrilineatus(Bloch 1790)
En Fourlined Terapon

C ● Posttemporal bone not exposed, covered withskin and scales ● 66–75 pored lateral-line scales ●23–28 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch ●4–6 dark narrow horizontal stripes on sides
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japan,
Australia, and Vanuatu); Mediterranean Sea (RedSea immigrant)
H Coastal and brackish waters
S 30 cm SL(M. Nakae)

P. quadrilineatus, KAUM–I. 80612, 79.5 mm SL

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Family Terapontidae

Terapon jarbua(Forsskål 1775)
En Jarbua Terapon

T. jarbua, UPVMI 189, 141.2 mm SL

C ● Posttemporal bone exposed posteriorly● 3–5 broad black bands on caudal fin ●75–100 pored lateral-line scales ● Curved
black stripes on sides
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japan,
Australia, and Samoa); Mediterranean Sea(Red Sea immigrant)
H Coastal and brackish waters
S 35 cm SL
R Sometimes feeds on scales of fishes(M. Nakae)

Family Terapontidae

Terapon theraps

Cuvier 1829
En Largescaled Terapon

T. theraps, NSMT-P 115558, 106.3 mm SL

C ● Posttemporal bone exposed posteriorly● 3–5 broad black bands on caudal fin ●46–56 pored lateral-line scales ● Linear
black stripes on sides
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan, Australia, and New Caledonia);
Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant)
H Coastal and brackish waters
S 32 cm SL(M. Nakae)

Family Kyphosidae
K. cinerascens, UPVMI 1713, 140.4 mm SL

Kyphosus cinerascens(Forsskål 1775)
En Blue Sea Chub

C ● 11–13 (usually 12) dorsal-fin softrays ● 10–11 (usually 11) anal-fin softrays ● 26–31 gill rakers on first gill arch ●Anterior dorsal-fin soft rays clearly longer
than longest dorsal-fin spine
D Indo-Pacific (Red Sea to Hawaiian andEaster Is.)H Shallow rocky reefs
S 50 cm SL(M. Nakae)

K. cinerascens, UPVMI 912, 157.3 mm SL

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Family Kyphosidae

Kyphosus vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Brassy Chub
C ● 13–15 (usually 14)
dorsal-fin soft rays ● 12–13(usually 13) anal-fin soft rays
● 29–34 gill rakers on firstgill arch
D Indo-Pacific (Red Sea to
Hawaiian Is. and French Polynesia)
H Shallow rocky reefs; juveniles often found with floating
seaweedS 70 cm SL(M. Nakae)

K. vaigiensis, UPVMI 1712, 112.5 mm SL

Family Nomeidae

Cubiceps pauciradiatus
Günther 1872
En Bigeye Cigarfish

C ● 15–17 dorsal-fin soft rays
● 14–17 anal-fin soft rays
● Patches of knobby teeth
present on vomer and tongue● Scales covering on cheeknearly reaching tip of snout
D Circumglobal in tropicaland temperate seas
H Bathypelagic
S 20 cm SL(M. Okamoto)C. pauciradiatus, KAUM–I. 80864, 97.3 mm SL

C. pauciradiatus, UPVMI 574, 99.4 mm SL

C. pauciradiatus, KAUM–I. 57185, 94.7 mm SL

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C. whiteleggii, KAUM–I. 80883, 142.5 mm SL

Family Nomeidae

Cubiceps whiteleggii(Waite 1894)
En Shadow Driftfish

C. whiteleggii, KAUM–I. 57184, 72.9 mm SL

C ● Body relatively deep ●18–21 dorsal-fin soft rays ●18–21 anal-fin soft rays ● A
few pointed teeth present onanterior part of vomer andtongue ● Scales covering on
cheek nearly reaching anterior
margin of eye
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Japan andAustralia)
H Bathypelagic
S 21 cm SL(M. Okamoto)

Family Nomeidae

Psenes arafurensis
Günther 1889
En Dusky Driftfish

P. arafurensis, UPVMI 273, 83.9 mm SL

C ● Body relatively deep
● Snout round and short ●19–21 dorsal-fin soft rays ●20–21 anal-fin soft rays
D Circumglobal in tropicaland subtropical seas
H Bathypelagic
S 15 cm SL
R Often seen in coastal waters,
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Family Nomeidae

Psenes cyanophrys
Valenciennes 1833
En Freckled Driftfish

C ● Body relatively deep ● Snout
round ● 23–28 dorsal-fin soft rays
● 24–28 anal-fin soft rays
D Circumglobal in tropical andsubtropical seas
H Bathypelagic
S 20 cm SL
R Juveniles and young swimmingwith jellyfishes or under floating
weeds(M. Okamoto)P. cyanophrys, UPVMI 611, 147.9 mm SL

Family Ariommatidae

Ariomma brevimanum(Klunzinger 1884)
En Driftfish

C ● Body elongate and compressed ● Eye small, its diameter
about one-fourth of HL ● II,
13–15 anal-fin rays
D Pacific Ocean (Japan and
Hawaiian Is. to Indonesia); RedSea
H Mesopelagic
S 73 cm SL
R Rare around Panay I., but
regularly landed at markets
around Davao Gulf
(M. Okamoto)P. cyanophrys, KAUM–I. 80709, 177.2 mm SL

Family Ariommatidae

Ariomma indicum(Day 1871)
En Indian Driftfish

A. brevimanum, UPVMI 554, 396.6 mm SL

C ● Body oval and strongly
compressed ● Eye large, its
diameter about one-third of HL ●III, 14–15 anal-fin rays ● Irregulardark blotches on body in young
and juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan and Australia)
H Continental shelves and continental slopes at depths of
20–300 m
S 25 cm SL(M. Okamoto)A. indicum, KAUM–I. 62943, 154.5 mm SL

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Family Polynemidae

Eleutheronema tetradactylum(Shaw 1804)
En Fourfinger Threadfin

C ● 4 pectoral filaments ● Vomer withdeciduous tooth plates on both sides,
except in juveniles ● Anterior parts oflower jaw with small teeth extending
onto lateral surface, adjacent portion of
E. tetradactylum, KAUM–I. 57204, 73.3 mm SL lip absent ● Pectoral fins yellow, except
in large adults
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf toPhilippines and Australia)
H Continental shelves on muddy andsandy substrata, and frequently entering
brackish waters, especially as juveniles
S 2 m TL
R This species is not known from East
Asia where it is replaced by the endemic
E. rhadinum (Jordan & Evermann 1902).
Australian population of E. tetradactylum
probably represents a distinct species(H. Motomura)E. tetradactylum, UPVMI 305, 311.9 mm SL

Family Polynemidae

Filimanus sealei(Jordan & Richardson 1910)
En Eightfinger Threadfin
C ● 8 (rarely 7) pectoral filaments ●Posterior tip of pectoral filaments notextending beyond vertical throughmidpoint of anal-fin base ● 40–48 gillrakers ● Pectoral fins yellow to black
D Western Pacific (Philippines to eastern Indonesia and Solomon Is.)H Muddy and sandy bottoms in shallow
coastal waters at depths of less than 80
m
S 15 cm SL(H. Motomura)F. sealei, KAUM–I. 80818, 99.0 mm SL

Family Polynemidae

Polydactylus microstomus(Bleeker 1851)
En Smallmouth Threadfin

C ● 5 pectoral filaments ● All pectoralfin rays branched, except uppermost 1
or 2 rays ● Vomer without teeth ● Large
black blotch anteriorly on lateral line
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of India
to Taiwan and New Caledonia), except
for Australia
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in coastal
waters, estuaries, mangrove creeks, andmangrove-lined rivers at usually lessthan 2 m depth
S 16 cm SL
P. microstomus, KAUM–I. 56082, 148.8 mm SL(H. Motomura)

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Family Polynemidae

Polydactylus plebeius(Broussonet 1782)
En Striped Threadfin

C ● 5 pectoral filaments ● Posterior
margin of maxilla reaching to or
extending only slightly beyond
vertical through posterior marginof adipose eyelid ● Lateral line
unbranched on caudal-fin base,extending to posterior margins
of lower caudal-fin lobe ● 60–68
pored lateral-line scales ● Several
longitudinal black stripes on lateralsurface of body ● No black blotch
anteriorly on lateral line
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of Africa
to Japan and French Polynesia),
except for Red Sea, Persian Gulf, andHawaiian Is.
H Along shallow, sandy or muddy
coastal beaches and estuaries torelatively deep waters (less than 122m)
S 45 cm SL(H. Motomura)

Family Labridae

P. plebeius, UPVMI 306, 340.7 mm SL

B. loxozonus, UPVMI 830, 274.3 mm SL

Bodianus loxozonus(Snyder 1908)
En Blackfin Hogfish

C ● XII,10–11 dorsal-fin rays ● Body
relatively deep ● Broad black bandfrom posterior base of dorsal fin tolower caudal-fin lobe ● Pelvic finsblack
D Pacific Ocean (Japan to Australia
and French Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs at depths ofless than 100 m
S 40 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

Family Labridae

Cheilinus chlorourus

C. chlorourus, UPVMI 1510, 128.6 mm SL(Bloch 1791)
En Floral Wrasse

C ● X,8–9 dorsal-fin rays ● Body
relatively deep ● Lateral line
continuous ● Caudal fin truncate,
upper and lower lobes elongate inadults ● White spots scattered on
body and fins
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and French Polynesia)
H Coral and rocky reefs at depths ofless than 30 m
S 35 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

C. chlorourus, KAUM–I. 51675, 155.8 mm SL

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Family Labridae

Choerodon anchorago(Bloch 1791)
En Orangedotted Tuskufish

C ● XII–XIII, 7 dorsal-fin rays
● Lateral line continuous ●Wedge-shaped white or yellow
band on middle of body ● White
rectangular blotch on upper
caudal peduncle
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Indonesia toJapan, Australia, and New Caledonia)
H Shallow coral and outer reefs
S 38 cm SL
C. anchorago, UPVMI 1640, 155.8 mm SL(Y. Fukui)

Family Labridae

Choerodon margaritiferus
Fowler & Bean 1928
En Pearly Tuskfish

C. margaritiferus, KAUM–I. 80874, 140.0 mm SL

C. oligacanthus, KAUM–I. 80816, 120.0 mm SL

C ● III, 9–10 anal-fin rays ● 15
pectoral-fin rays ● White stripe
from tip of snout to below eye ●Pale spots scattered on midlateralbody
D Western Pacific (Japan, Taiwan, and Philippines)
H Rubble areas
S 15 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

Family Labridae

Choerodon oligacanthus
Bleeker 1851
En Singapore Tuskfish

C ● 10–11 anal-fin soft rays ●Body relatively deep ● Lateralline continuous ● White squareblotch on dorsal portion of middle of trunk when fresh
D Western Pacific (Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines to New
Caledonia)
H Coastal waters
S 30 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

C. oligacanthus, KAUM–I. 80849, 189.9 mm SL

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Family Labridae

183

C. schoenleinii, UPVMI 1216, 218.7 mm SL

Choerodon schoenleinii(Valenciennes 1839)
En Blackspot Tuskfish

C ● XII–XIII, 7 dorsal-fin rays ● Body relatively
deep ● Black blotch at posterior base of spinous
portion of dorsal fin
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Sandy and rocky bottoms
S 1 m TL
(Y. Fukui)

H. hartzfeldii, KAUM–I. 80683, 156.2 mm SL

Family Labridae

Halichoeres hartzfeldii(Bleeker 1852)
En Goldstripe Wrasse

C ● 11 anal-fin soft rays ● 13 pectoral-fin rays ●Orange or yellow broad midlateral stripe on body
D Western Pacific (Japan to Samoa and Australia)
H Sand-rubble areas at depths of less than 85 m
S 20 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

H. hartzfeldii, UPVMI 851, 166.2 mm SL

H. hartzfeldii, KAUM–I. 52632, 159.2 mm SL

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Family Labridae

Iniistius dea(Temminck & Schlegel 1845)
En Blackspot Razorfish
C ● IX, 11–13 dorsal-fin
rays ● 1st and 2nd dorsal-fin
spines elongate ● Furrow onhead from posterior marginof upper jaw to posterior partof opercle ● Distinct black
blotch at dorsal portion ofbody
D Western Pacific (Japan andTaiwan to Philippines andIndonesia)
H Sand-rubble area
S 25 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

I. dea, KAUM–I. 52624, 140.0 mm SL

Family Labridae

Iniistius sp.
En —I. dea, KAUM–I. 56006, 175.3 mm SL

C ● IX, 12 dorsal-fin rays ●1st and 2nd dorsal-fin spines
elongate ● Distinct black
blotch at posterior end of softrayed portion of dorsal fin
D Western Pacific (Philippines to Australia)
H Probably sandy bottoms
S 17 cm SL
R This species is currently
being studied taxonomically(Y. Fukui)

Iniistius sp., KAUM–I. 80684, 168.7 mm SL

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Family Labridae

Leptojulis lambdastigma
Randall & Ferraris 1981
En Trawl V-wrasse

C ● 12 dorsal- and anal-fin soft rays ●13 pectoral-fin rays ● 27 pored lateralline scales ● Large V-shaped black
mark medially on nape
D Western Pacific (Taiwan to Malaysia
and Philippines)
H Sandy bottoms of coastal waters
S 14 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

Family Labridae

L. lambdastigma, KAUM–I. 52628, 133.3 mm SL

Novaculops sp.
En —C ● 13 pectoral-fin rays ● 20 + 5 pored
lateral-line scales ● Dorsal-fin spines
short ● Membrane between 1st and 3rd
dorsal-fin spines black ● Pelvic finsshort ● Upper margin of orbit edgedblack
D Philippines
H Probably sandy bottoms
S 11 cm SL
R This species is currently being studied
taxonomically(Y. Fukui)

Novaculops sp., KAUM–I. 52621, 108.5 mm SL

Family Labridae

Oxycheilinus samurai

Fukui, Muto & Motomura 2016
En Black-tip Maori-wrasse
C ● 12 pectoral-fin rays ● 11–12 gillrakers ● Blackish blotch below anterior
portion of lateral line ● Dark-green
blotch on basal membrane between 1st
and 2nd dorsal-fin spines ● Posterior
margin of caudal fin white
D Western Pacific (Japan to Philippines
and Indonesia)
H Shallow coastal waters at depths of
10–38 mS 10 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

O. samurai, KAUM–I. 51661, 99.1 mm SL

Family Labridae

Xiphocheilus typus
Bleeker 1856
En Bluebanded Wrasse

C ● XII, 7–8 dorsal-fin rays ● Narrow
yellow or blue line from end of upper
jaw to upper margin of opercle
D Indo-West Pacific (India to Taiwan
and Australia)
H Coral reefs and sand-rubble areas
S 15 cm SL(Y. Fukui)

X. typus, UPVMI 1272, 113.1 mm SL

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Family Scaridae

Cetoscarus ocellatus(Valenciennes 1840)
En Spotted Parrotfish

C. ocellatus, male, UPVMI 832, 321.4 mm SL

C ● 5–7 pre-dorsal-fin scalerows ● 3 scale rows on cheek● 14 pectoral-fin rays ●Dental plates mostly covered
with lips ● A broad pink or
yellow band from mouth toabdomen in males ● Body
white dorsally in females
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Society Is.), except
for Red Sea
H Coral reefs
S 80 cm SL(A. Bandai)

Family Scaridae

Chlorurus bleekeri(de Beaufort 1940)
En Bleeker's Parrotfish

C. ocellatus, female, UPVMI 831, 300.2 mm SL

C ● 4 pre-dorsal-fin scalerows ● 3 scale rows on cheek● 15 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips
not covering dental plates● White blotch with green
margin on cheek area in males● 3–4 pale bars on body infemales
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia and Samoa)
H Coral reefs
S 27 cm SL(A. Bandai)

Family Scaridae

Chlorurus japanensis
C. bleekeri, male, UPVMI 498, 293.7 mm SL

C. japanensis, male, UPVMI 502, 197.2 mm SL(Bloch 1789)
En Palecheek Parrotfish

C ● 4 pre-dorsal-fin scalerows ● 2 scale rows on cheek● 15 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips
slightly covering dental plates● Blackish-purple band fromforehead to abdomen in males● Ventral part of body without
longitudinal stripe in males● Caudal fin red-orange infemales
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Samoa)
H Coral reefs
S 22 cm SL(A. Bandai)

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Family Scaridae

Scarus dimidiatus

Bleeker 1859
En Yellowbarred Parrotfish
C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scalerows ● 3 scale rows on cheek● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips
mostly covering dental plates● Posterior half of body dark
in males ● Body yellow, with
3 dark bands on dorsum infemales
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Sea
to Japan and Samoa)
H Coral reefs
S 30 cm SL(A. Bandai)

S. dimidiatus, male, UPVMI 1639, 184.2 mm SL

S. dimidiatus, female, UPVMI 1637, 162.3 mm SL

Family Scaridae

Scarus ghobban

Forsskål 1775
En Yellowscale Parrotfish
C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scalerows ● 3 scale rows on cheek● 15 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips
mostly covering dental plates● Body blue, with pink dorsal
fin margined with blue inmales ● Body yellowish, with
4–5 dark saddles on side infemales
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to French Polynesia), except
for Hawaiian and Easter Is.;
Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea
immigrant)
H Coral reefs
S 25 cm SL(A. Bandai)S. ghobban, male, UPVMI 1244, 426.4 mm SL

S. ghobban, female, KAUM–I. 91871, 204.4 mm SL

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Family Scaridae

Scarus niger

Forsskål 1775
En Dusky Parrotfish

S. niger, male, UPVMI 500, 255.9 mm SL

C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scale rows ● 3 scale rows
on cheek ● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips mostly
covering dental plates ● Body dark green with
red upper lip in males ● Body red with many
white stripes on side in females
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andTuamotu Is.)H Coral reefs
S 35 cm SL(A. Bandai)

Family Scaridae

Scarus quoyi

Valenciennes 1840
En Quoy's Parrotfish

S. quoyi, male, UPVMI 1638, 226.6 mm SL

C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scale rows ● 3 scalerows on cheek ● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips
mostly covering dental plates ● Green areafrom upper lip to below eye in males ● Dark
vertical band on caudal fin in females
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Sri Lanka to Japan and Vanuatu)
H Coral reefs
S 25 cm SL(A. Bandai)

Family Scaridae

Scarus rivulatus

Valenciennes 1840
En Scribblefaced Parrotfish

S. rivulatus, male, UPVMI 499, 248.2 mm SL

C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scale rows ● 3 scale rows
on cheek ● 14 pectoral-fin rays ● Lips mostly
covering dental plates ● Orange wavy lines on
snout to cheek in males ● Pectoral fins lightgreen in males ● Body gray in females
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Sri Lanka to Japan, Australia, and New
Caledonia)
H Coral reefs
S 40 cm SL(A. Bandai)

Family Scaridae

Scarus rubroviolaceus
Bleeker 1849
En Ember Parrotfish

S. rubroviolaceus, female, KAUM–I. 80722, 281.8 mm SL

C ● 6 pre-dorsal-fin scale rows ● 3 scale rows
on cheek ● Lips covering half of dental plates● Head dark green in males ● 1–2 canine-like
tooth on upper dental plate in females ● Body
reddish brown with small spots in females
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andTuamotu Is.)H Coral reefs
S 50 cm SL(A. Bandai)

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Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis alboguttata(Günther 1872)
En Bluenose Sandperch

C ● 2 longitudinal rows of poorly
defined reddish orange blotcheson lateral surface of body ● Headpurplish with oblique yellow lines
D Indo-West Pacific (Arabian Gulf toPhilippines and Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms at depthsof 50–120 m
S 27 cm TL(H. Motomura)P. alboguttata, KAUM–I. 51652, 193.4 mm SL

Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis bicoloripes
Prokofiev 2010En —C ● About 7 indistinct Y- or V-shaped
reddish brown markings on lateralsurface of body ● Lower half of anal
fin reddish
D Western Pacific (Vietnam and Philippines to Thailand and Malaysia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms at depthsof less than 100 m
S 16 cm SL(H. Motomura)P. alboguttata, UPVMI 997, 216.9 mm SL

Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis diplospilus
Gomon 1981
En Doublespot Grubfish

P. bicoloripes, KAUM–I. 69435, 68.1 mm SL

C ● 2 dark spots at caudal-fin base

● About 6 large brown blotches onlower half of body ● 2 brown blotches
below eye
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Western Australia; Vietnam
and Philippines to Papua New Guinea)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms at depthsof less than 50 m
S 8 cm SL(H. Motomura)P. diplospilus, UPVMI 316, 57.5 mm SL

Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis muronis(Tanaka 1918)
En Doublespot Grubfish

C ● Body reddish yellow, with 5slightly obleque black bars on upper
half of body ● No black spot on
spinous portion of dorsal fin
D Western Pacific (Japan to Philippines)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 13 cm SL(H. Motomura)

P. muronis, KAUM–I. 56085, 89.1 mm SL

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Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis sp. 1
En —C ● 2 longitudinal rows of black
blotches on 2 yellow stripes onbody ● Yellow spots on medianfins ● Narrow black band along
pectoral-fin base
D Philippines
H Probably sandy bottoms
S 12 cm SL
Parapercis sp. 1, KAUM–I. 52614, 117.9 mm SL
R The specimen is currently being
studied taxonomically(H. Motomura)

Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis sp. 2
En —C ● Longitudinal row of red
blotches margined with yellow onbody ● Row of red spots on dorsal
finParapercis sp. 2, KAUM–I. 52626, 114.4 mm SL
D Philippines
H Probably sandy bottoms
S 11 cm SL
R The specimen is currently being
studied taxonomically(H. Motomura)

Family Pinguipedidae

Ryukyupercis gushikeni(Yoshino 1975)
En Rosy Grubfish
R. gushikeni, KAUM–I. 56002, 206.5 mm SL

C ● VI, 20 dorsal-fin rays ●Dorsal-fin soft rays elongatedD Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
S 30 cm SL(H. Motomura)

Family Trichonotidae

Trichonotus setiger

Bloch & Schneider 1801
En Spotted SanddiverC ● 4–7 dorsal-fin spines, anterior
3–4 spines elongate and filamentous
in males ● Black blotch on membranes in anterior dorsal fin infemales; blotch absent in males
D Western Pacific (Japan to Australia)
H Coastal waters on sandy bottoms
at depths of less than 50 m
S 17 cm SL
R The present female specimen
represents the first specimen-based
record of the species from the Philippines
T. setiger, KAUM–I. 69405, 66.6 mm SL(E. Katayama)

R. gushikeni, KAUM–I. 56016, 178.8 mm SL

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Family Champsodontidae

Champsodon atridorsalis
Ochiai & Nakamura 1964
En —C ● Tip of first dorsal fin
prominently black ● Chin andbreast heavily scaled ● Broad
naked area above pelvic fin
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Vietnam andPhilippines to Australia)
H Depths of less than 326 m
S 12 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

C. atridorsalis, KAUM–I. 91869, 136.7 mm SL

Family Champsodontidae

Champsodon cf. vorax
Günther 1867
En —C ● First dorsal fin pale ●Chin naked ● Breast heavily
scaled ● Prominent scaly area
between pectoral- and pelvicfin bases
D Philippines
H Unknown
S 5 cm SL
R D i ff e r s f r o m C . v o r a x
Günther 1867 in lacking ascaly patch on the chin (vs.
present); the precise identification of the specimen iscurrently pending(N. Nakayama)C. cf. vorax, UPVMI 1632, 44.6 mm SL

Family Champsodontidae

Champsodon nudivittus(Ogilby 1895)
En —C ● First dorsal fin pale ●Chin naked ● Small scaly
patch on breast ● Broad
naked area above pelvic fin
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar to Philippines and Australia) and Mediterranean Sea
H Depths of less than 335 m
S 11 cm SL(N. Nakayama)

C. nudivittis, KAUM–I. 63036, 78.4 mm SL

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Family Uranoscopidae

Uranoscopus affinis

Cuvier 1829
En One-spined Yellowtail StargazerC ● 4–5 dorsal-fin spines● 13–14 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Nape with scales ● Body
yellowish brown, no broadcolor bands
D Indo-West Pacific (Red
Sea to Japan and northern
Australia)
H Sandy bottoms in shallow
to deep waters
S 25 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(V. Vilasri)U. affinis, UPVMI 474, 193.4 mm SL

Family Uranoscopidae

Uranoscopus bicinctus

Temminck & Schlegel 1843
En Marbled StargazerC ● 4–5 dorsal-fin spines● 12–14 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Nape naked ● Body darkbrown with three broad blackbands
D Western Pacific (Japan tonorthern Australia)
H Sandy bottoms in shallow
watersS 28 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(V. Vilasri)

U. bicinctus, UPVMI 916, 188.3 mm SL

Family Blenniidae

Xiphasia setifer

Swaison 1839
En Hairtail Snakeblenny
C ● XIII–XIV, 105–119 dorsal-fin rays ● Body extremely elongate, ribbon-like ● Body light brown with
24–28 broad brown bars, extending onto dorsal fin
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea to Japan)
H Soft bottoms
S 55 cm SL(K. Kawama)

X. setifer, KAUM–I. 52635, 392.4 mm SL

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Family Callionymidae

193

C. guentheri, male, KAUM–I. 80804, 95.4 mm SL

Callionymus guentheri

Fricke 1981
En Günther's Deepwater Dragonet
C ● Preopercular spine witha long, slightly upcurved 3
spines on its dorsal margin● Head more than 3.2 in SL● 1st dorsal fin with a black
blotch on 3rd membrane
D Philippines
H Benthic; 100–593 m depth
S 13 cm SL(E. Katayama)

C. guentheri, male, KAUM–I. 80785, 69.5 mm SL

Family Callionymidae

Callionymus japonicus

Houttuyn 1782
En Japanese Longtail Dragonet
C ● Body elongate, very
depressed ● Head broad anddepressed ● Preopercularspine long with 5–18 small
spines on its dorsal margin, astraight main tip
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Benthic; sandy and muddy
bottoms
S 22 cm SL(E. Katayama)

C. guentheri, male, UPVMI 274, 108.8 mm SL

C. japonicus, male, UPVMI 1673, 163.3 mm SL

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Family Callionymidae

Callionymus meridionalis
Suwardji 1965
En Hightfin Dragonet

C. meridionalis, male, KAUM–I. 91802, 85.9 mm SL

C ● 1st dorsal-fin spine elongate in both sexes, filamentous
in males ● Preopercular spinewith 2 large spines at dorsal
marginD Western Pacific (Taiwan toAustralia)
H Benthic; recorded from ca.
80 m depth
S 13 cm SL
R The generic assignment
follows Fricke (1983, 2002)(E. Katayama)

C. meridionalis, female, KAUM–I. 91801, 75.3 mm SL

C. platycephalus, female, KAUM–I. 56093, 95.7 mm SL

Family Callionymidae

Callionymus platycephalus
Fricke 1983
En Flathead Dragonet
C. platycephalus, male, KAUM–I. 80687, 66.4 mm SL

C. platycephalus, male, KAUM–I. 57175, 61.9 mm SL

C ● 1st dorsal-fin high withnarrow base ● Preopercularspine straight, with 7–8 small
spines on its dorsal margin
D Philippines
H Benthic; recorded from ca.
48 m depth
S 8 cm SL
R Known only from the Philippines(E. Katayama)

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Family Callionymidae

Callionymus schaapi
Bleeker 1852
En Schaap’s Dragonet

C ● Anterior 3 dorsal-fin
spines elongate and filiform inmales; not in females ● Headdepressed ● A large spot atbase of pectoral fin
D Andaman Sea and western
Pacific
H Benthic; shallow coastal
and brackish waters
S 7 cm SL
R The generic assignment
follows Fricke (1983, 2002).
The present specimen fromPanay I. has numerous spots
on the 2nd dorsal fin(E. Katayama)

Family Callionymidae

Dactylopus dactylopus

C. schaapi, male, KAUM–I. 91775, 42.7 mm SL(Valenciennes 1837)
En Fingered Dragonet

C ● Body subcylindrical ●Head depressed ● Dorsal-fin
spines filamentous in males● 1st pelvic-fin spine and ray
free from other rays, its firstray elongate
D Eastern and western Pacificoceans (Andaman Sea toJapan and Australia)
H Sandy and muddy bottoms
in shallow coastal waters at
depths of about 10–55 m
S 10 cm SL
R Common in the Philippines(E. Katayama)

Family Butidae

Butis humeralis

D. dactylopus, male, KAUM–I. 63073, 74.1 mm SL(Valenciennes 1837)
En Flathead Gudgeon
C ● A pair of supraorbitalbony ridges with spiny
serrations ● Snout long andflattened ● Caudal peduncle
relatively deep, its length
1.7–1.9 times its depth
D Indo-West Pacific
H Estuaries and adjacentcoastal waters with mud
bottoms
S 11 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)B. humeralis, KAUM–I. 57178, 70.4 mm SL

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Family Butidae

Butis koilomatodon(Bleeker 1849)
En Mud Sleeper

B. koilomatodon, KAUM–I. 56046, 43.3 mm SL

C ● A pair of supraorbitalbony ridges with spiny
serrations ● Snout subequal
to eye in length, non-flattened● Body relatively short anddeep
D Indo-West Pacific
H Estuaries and adjacentcoastal waters with mud
bottoms
S 9 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Butidae

Oxyeleotris marmorata(Bleeker 1852)
En Marble Goby

O. marmorata, KAUM–I. 57181, 75.7 mm SL

C ● Body pale brown orbeige with large, irregular
blackish blotches (faded inphotographed specimen) ●No ventrally-directed spineat rear edge of preopercle ●75–90 longitudinal scales
D Western Pacific (Malaysia
to Indonesia)
H Lower reaches of rivers,
streams, reservoirs and/or
ponds
S 60 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Eleotridae

Eleotris acanthopoma
Bleeker 1853
En Spinecheek Gudgeon

E. acanthopoma, KAUM–I. 57180, 81.2 mm SL

C ● No sensory-canal poreson head ● A ventrallydirected spine at rear edge ofpreopercle ● 6 vertical rowsof sensory papillae below eye
D Indo-Pacific (Mozambiqueto Mariana Is.)H Estuaries and adjacent freshwater habitats with sandymud bottoms
S 12 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

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Family Gobiidae

Arcygobius baliurus(Valenciennes 1837)
En Isthmus Goby

C ● Cheek and operculum
scaled ● Gill membranes
united medially, with a freerear margin across isthmus ●Numerous transverse rows of
sensory papillae on cheek
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Micronesia)
H Coastal waters with softmud bottoms
S 7 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)A. baliurus, UPVMI 909, 43.4 mm SL

A. baliurus, KAUM–I. 62914, 59.2 mm SL

Family Gobiidae

Awaous melanocephalus(Bleeker 1849)
En Largesnout Goby

C ● Snout relatively long,projecting beyond lower jaw● No black spot at rear part of
dorsal fin ● Cheek naked
D Western Pacific (Japan to
Malaysia)
H Freshwater streams
S 15 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Gobiidae

A. melanocephalus, KAUM–I. 80838, 50.3 mm SL

Awaous ocellaris(Broussonet 1782)
En Spotfin River Goby
C ● Snout relatively long,projecting beyond lower jaw● A distinct black spot at rearpart of dorsal fin ● Cheek
partly scales
D Western Pacific (Japan to
Malaysia)
H Freshwater streams
S 15 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)A. ocellaris, KAUM–I. 80840, 49.3 mm SL

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Family Gobiidae

Egglestonichthys bombylios

Larson & Hoese 1997
En Egglestone's Bumblebee Goby

E. bombylios, KAUM–I. 80746, 32.3 mm SL

C ● Eyes small; predorsal
scales extending anteriorly tosnout ● Distinct transverserows of sensory papillae on
cheek
D Indo-West Pacific (India toAustralia)
H Coastal waters with softmud bottom to 29 m depth
S 6 cm SL
R The present occurrence
represents the first record
for the species from thePhilippines(K. Shibukawa)

Family Gobiidae

Glossogobius aureus

Akihito & Meguro 1975
En Golden Flathead Goby
G. aureus, KAUM–I. 57179, 78.3 mm SL

G. aureus, UPVMI 1677, 75.8 mm SL

C ● Snout relatively longand flattened ● Lower jaw
projecting anteriorly beyond
upper jaw ● All sensorypapillae rows on cheekuniserial
D Western Pacific (Japan to
Malaysia)
H Lower reaches of rivers
and adjacent freshwater
habitats
S 19 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Gobiidae

Mahidolia mystacina(Valenciennes 1837)
En Flagfin Prawn Goby

C ● Jaws extending posteriorly well beyond a verticalthrough rear edge of eye ●33–39 longitudinal scales ●Broad dark oblique bars on
body
D Indo-West Pacific (Mozambique to Samoa)
H Estuaries and adjacentcoastal waters with soft mud
bottoms
S 5 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)M. mystacina, KAUM–I. 69413, 45.7 mm SL

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Family Gobiidae

Oplopomus caninoides(Bleeker 1852)
En Triplespot Goby

C ● Cheek and operculum
scaled ● Anteriormost spinesof first and second dorsal finsstout and pungent ● A large
black spot at midway between
a pair of smaller black spots
at caudal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (Maldives to Japan)
H Coastal waters with softmud bottoms
S 5 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)O. caninoides, UPVMI 158, 39.1 mm SL

O. auchenolepis, KAUM–I. 51682, 134.5 mm SL

Family Gobiidae

Oxyurichthys auchenolepis
Bleeker 1876
En Scaly-nape Tentacle Goby

C ● A single row of teeth on
upper jaw ● A low cutaneous
ridge along predorsal midline● No prominent blackishblotches/spots on body
D Western Pacific (Japan toAustralia)
H Coastal waters with mud
bottoms to 50 m depth
S 13 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)O. auchenolepis, KAUM–I. 91827, 131.7 mm SL

Family Gobiidae

Parachaeturichthys polynema(Bleeker 1853)
En Taileye Goby

P. polynema, KAUM–I. 69414, 33.6 mm SL

C ● Cheek and operculum
scaled ● Many short barbels
on ventral surface of head ●Large ocellus at dorsal part ofcaudal fin
D Indo-West Pacific (South
Africa to Japan)
H Coastal waters with mud
bottoms
S 12 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

P. polynema, KAUM–I. 91830, 109.0 mm SL

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Family Gobiidae

Yongeichthys nebulosus(Forsskål 1775)
En Shadow Goby

Y. nebulosus, KAUM–I. 57195, 48.0 mm SL

C ● Head naked; body with a midlateral
series of three large black spots ● Anal
fin with a black margin
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa
to Japan)
H Estuaries and adjacent coastal waters
with sandy and/or mud bottoms
S 12 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Oxudercidae

Ctenotrypauchen chinensis
Steindachner 1867
En —Y. nebulosus, KAUM–I. 80759, 76.9 mm SL

C ● Total 53–57 dorsal-fin elements ●Frontal crest exposed, with a serrated
dorsal margin ● Ventral surface of trunk
naked
D Western Pacific (China to Arafura
Sea)
H Probably soft mud bottoms at depthsof 50–70 m
S 12 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

C. chinensis, KAUM–I. 51678, 97.1 mm SL

Family Oxudercidae

Paratrypauchen microcephalus(Bleeker 1860)
En Comb Goby
P. microcephalus, KAUM–I. 69412, 77.8 mm SL

P. microcephalus, KAUM–I. 80763, 79.4 mm SL

C ● Total 50–60 dorsal-fin elements ●Frontal crest subdermal or only slightly
exposed, with a smooth dorsal margin ●Ventral surface of trunk naked
D Indo-West Pacific (India to Japan andIndonesia)
H Estuaries and adjacent coastal waters
with soft mud bottoms
S 15 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Family Oxudercidae

Trypauchenopsis intermedia
Volz 1903
En Bearded Eel Goby

T. intermedia, KAUM–I. 56061, 74.5 mm SL

C ● Total 34–41 dorsal-fin elements ●No raised cutaneous ridges on head ●Head and body entirely naked
D Indo-Pacific (South Africa to Mariana
Is.)
H Estuaries with soft mud bottoms
S 12 cm SL(K. Shibukawa)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Family Ephippidae

Family Ephippidae

Cuvier 1831
En Zebra Batfish(Linnaeus 1758)
En Pinnate Batfish

Platax batavianus

201

Platax pinnatus

C ● VI–VII, 28–32 dorsal-fin
rays ● III, 19–23 anal-fin rays
● 64–75 lateral-line scales ●Body silver with broad black
vertical bands in juveniles
D Western Pacific (Vietnam
to Australia)
H Coral reefs in depths of
5–60 m
S 65 cm TL(T. Inaba)

C ● All fins, except forpectoral fins, margined with
red in juveniles ● V–VI,
34–37 dorsal-fin rays ● III,
25–27 anal-fin rays
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Coastal reefs in depths of
2–25 m
S 37 cm TL(T. Inaba)

P. batavianus, UPVMI 995, 152.3 mm SL
P. pinnatus, UPVMI 2123, 323.2 mm SL

Family Ephippidae

Platax teira(Forsskål 1775)
En Spotbelly Batfish
C ● V–VI, 29–34 dorsal-fin rays ● III, 22–26
anal-fin rays ● 56–66 lateral-line scales ● Pelvic
fins yellowish ● Black blotch on lateral surface ofbody at posterior to pelvic-fin base ● Body depth
greater than SL in juveniles ● Dorsal and anal
fins gradually shortening with growth relative tobody size
D Indo-West Pacific (South Africa to Japan andAustralia)
H Juveniles with driftages; adults in coastal
midwaters
S 70 cm TL(T. Inaba)

P. teira, UPVMI 1517, 222.8 mm SL

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Family Scatophagidae

Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus 1766)
En Spotted Scat

C ● XI, 16–18 dorsal-fin rays
● IV, 14–15 anal-fin rays ●16 pectoral-fin rays ● Body
with a few large blotches injuveniles and with numerous
small spots in adults
D Indo-Pacific (Kuwait toJapan and Society Is.)H Muddy bottoms in shallow
waters and estuaries
S 30 cm SL(K. Kuriiwa)

Family Siganidae

Siganus fuscescens(Houttuyn 1782)
En Mottled SpinefootS. argus, UPVMI 509, 139.0 mm SL

C ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin rays ●VII, 9 anal-fin rays ● 15–18(usually 16) pectoral-fin rays
● Numerous white spots onhead, body, and fins ● Dorsalfin spines slender ● Snout
blunt ● Caudal fin truncated
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Is.
to Korea and Australia)
H Rocky and coral reefs, andseagrass beds
S 40 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous; usually forming schools(K. Kuriiwa)

Family Siganidae
S. fuscescens, UPVMI 1666, 107.2 mm SL

S. guttatus, UPVMI 185, 250.4 mm SL

Siganus guttatus(Bloch 1787)
En Orange-spotted SpinefootC ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin rays ●VII, 9 anal-fin rays ● 15–17
pectoral-fin rays ● Brightyellow spots on body andcaudal fin; yellow spots andlines on head ● Dorsal-fin
spines stout ● Snout blunt ●Caudal fin truncated ● Body
depth relatively deep
D Western Pacific Ocean(Japan to Australia)
H Brackish and coastal waters
S 45 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous; usually forming schools(K. Kuriiwa)

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Family Siganidae

Siganus puellus(Schlegel 1852)
En Masked SpinefootC ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● VII, 9 analfin rays ● 15–17 (usually 16) pectoralfin rays ● Broad blackish band from chinthrough eye to nape ● Dorsal-fin spines
stout ● Snout relatively elongate ● Caudal
fin forked ● Body depth relatively narrow
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Cocos-Keeling Is. to Japan, New
Caledonia, and Australia)
H Coral reefs
S 38 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous; forming schools
in juveniles, occurring as pairs in adults(K. Kuriiwa)

Family Siganidae

Siganus punctatus(Schneider & Forster 1801)
En Gold-spotted SpinefootC ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● VII, 9anal-fin rays ● 16–18 (usually 16 or 17)
pectoral-fin rays ● Numerous orange spots
on head, body, and fins ● Dorsal-fin spines
stout ● Snout blunt ● Caudal fin forked ●Body depth relatively deep
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Cocos-Keeling Is. to Japan,
Samoa, and Australia)
H Coral reefs
S 45 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous; forming schools
in juveniles, occurring as pairs in adults(K. Kuriiwa)

S. puellus, UPVMI 835, 197.8 mm SL

Family Siganidae

Siganus spinus(Linnaeus 1758)
En Little SpinefootC ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin rays ● VII, 9anal-fin rays ● 16–18 pectoral-fin rays ●Vermiculated lines on body ● Dorsal-fin
spines slender ● Snout blunt ● Caudal fintruncated ● Body depth relatively narrow
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Sri Lanka to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Rocky and coral reefs, and seagrassbeds
S 23 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous; usually forming
schools.
(K. Kuriiwa)

S. punctatus, UPVMI 1650, 270.8 mm SL

S. spinus, UPVMI 289, 93.0 mm SL

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S. virgatus, UPVMI 508, 149.7 mm SL

Family Siganidae

Siganus virgatus(Valenciennes 1835)
En Double-barred SpinefootC ● XIII, 10 dorsal-fin
rays ● VII, 9 anal-fin rays
● 16–18 (usually 16 or 17)
pectoral-fin rays ● 2 brownbands, anterior one fromchin through eye to nape andposterior one from bases of
4th to 5th dorsal-fin spines to

Family Zanclidae

Zanclus cornutus(Linnaeus 1758)
En Moorish Idol

Z. cornutus, KAUM–I. 52600, 55.7 mm SL

C ● VI–VII, 39–43 dorsalfin rays ● III, 32–36 analfin rays ● 3rd dorsal-fin
spine extremely long andfilamentous, usually longer

base of pectoral fin ● Dorsalfin spines stout ● Snout blunt● Caudal fin truncated ●Body depth relatively deep
D Indo-West Pacific (India toJapan and Australia)
H Coral reefs
S 33 cm TL
R Fin spines venomous;
usually occurring as pairs inyoung and adults(K. Kuriiwa)

than SL ● Body strongly
compressed laterally ● Snout
tubular
D Indo-Pacific and eastern
Pacific oceans (East Africa tosouthern Gulf of California
and Peru)
H Rocky and coral reefs
S 22 cm TL(K. Kuriiwa)

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Family Acanthuridae

Acanthurus mata(Cuvier 1829)
En Elongate Surgeonfish
C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines ●Single lancet-like spine oneach side of caudal peduncle● Broad yellow band acrosseye ● Head and body withnumerous blue lines ● Pectoral fin dark
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Shallow coastal waters
around rocky and coral reefs
S 30 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(M. Matsunuma)

A. mata, UPVMI 833, 227.4 mm SL

Family Acanthuridae

Acanthurus nigricaudus
Duncker & Mohr 1929
En Epaulette Surgeonfish

C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines ● Single lancet-like spine on each side of
caudal peduncle ● Black longitudinal band behind eye ● Long
pointed black streak extending anteriorly from peduncular spine● Pectoral fin blackish, outer margin yellowish
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japan and French Polynesia)
H Shallow coastal waters around rocky and coral reefs
S 24 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(M. Matsunuma)

A. mata, UPVMI 881, 243.3 mm SL

A. nigricaudus, UPVMI 506, 203.3 mm SL

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Family Acanthuridae

Acanthurus xanthopterus
Valenciennes 1835
En Yellowfin Surgeonfish

C ● 9 dorsal-fin spines ●Single lancet-like spine oneach side of caudal peduncle● Yellow band across eye ●Dorsal and anal fins yellow
with 4 blue bands ● Pectoral
fin yellowish
D Indo-Pacific and eastern
Pacific (east coast of Africa toJapan and Galapagos)
H Shallow coastal waters
around coral reefs
S 50 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(M. Matsunuma)

A. xanthopterus, UPVMI 505, 171.7 mm SL

Family Acanthuridae

Ctenochaetus striatus(Quoy & Gaimard 1825)
En Striated Surgeonfish

C. striatus, UPVMI 507, 153.1 mm SL

C ● 8 dorsal-fin spines ●Caudal fin strongly emarginate ● Single lancet-likespine on each side of caudal
peduncle ● Dorsal and anal
fins with about 5 bluish bands● Body with numerous darknarrow lines
D Indo-Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and French
Polynesia)
H Shallow coastal waters
around coral reefs
S 20 cm SL
R Common around Panay I.
(M. Matsunuma)

Family Acanthuridae

Naso fageni

Morrow 1954
En Striated Surgeonfish

N. fageni, UPVMI 834, 213.8 mm SL

C ● V, 24–26 dorsal-fin rays ● II, 23–25 anal-fin rays ●Caudal fin strongly emarginate ● 2 fixed bony plate on eachside of caudal peduncle ● Short protuberance on snout (absent
in juvenile)
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa to Japan and thePhilippines)
H Coastal rocky reefs
S 80 cm SL
R The present juvenile specimen was identified as N. fageniby having relatively fewer numbers of dorsal- and anal-fin softrays (26 and 25, respectively) within Naso
(M. Matsunuma)

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Family Acanthuridae

Naso tergus

Ho, Shen & Chang 2011En —C ● VI, 26–30 dorsal-fin rays
● II, 26–28 anal-fin rays ● 2
fixed bony plate on each sideof caudal peduncle ● Caudal
fin truncate ● No protuberance on head
D Northwestern Pacific (Japan,
Taiwan, and the Philippines)
H Coastal rocky reefs
S 35 cm SL
R Matsunuma et al. (2014)
recorded the present specimen
as the first record of N. tergus
from the Philippines(M. Matsunuma)

N. tergus, KAUM–I. 56004, 159.4 mm SL

Naso sp. 1, UPVMI 264, 61.1 mm SL

Naso sp. 2, KAUM–I. 62998, 54.0 mm SL

Family Acanthuridae

Family Acanthuridae

Family Acanthuridae

C ● VI, 27 dorsal-fin rays ●II, 28 anal-fin rays
(M. Matsunuma)

C ● VI, 29 dorsal-fin rays ●II, 30 anal-fin rays
(M. Matsunuma)

C ● V, 30 dorsal-fin rays ● II,
28 anal-fin rays
(M. Matsunuma)

Naso sp. 1

Naso sp. 2

Naso sp. 3

Naso sp. 3, UPVMI 447, 163.1 mm SL

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Family Sphyraenidae

Sphyraena forsteri
Cuvier 1829
En Bigeye Barracuda

S. forsteri, UPVMI 1239, 277.1 mm SL

S. forsteri, KAUM–I. 63025, 105.9 mm SL

C ● Gill rakers tubercle-like withminute spines ● 118–133 lateralline scales ● No bands or stripes
on body ● A dark blotch behind
pectoral-fin axilla
D Indo-Pacific, except for HawaiianIs.
H Shallow waters of bays and coralreefs
S 65 cm SL
R Nocturnal; piscivorous; seen inschools by day(H. Senou)

Family Sphyraenidae

Sphyraena jelloCuvier 1829
En Pickhandle Barracuda

S. jello, UPVMI 631, 305.5 mm SL

S. jello, UPVMI 561, 447.1 mm SL

C ● No gill rakers ● 130–140
lateral-line scales ● 11 wide,
divided dark bands on upper half ofbody in young, increasing to about
20 with growth ● Caudal fin yellow● Lower lobe of caudal fin blackishin juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Taiwan and Fiji)
H Shallow turbid waters of bays
S 1.4 m SL
R Diurnal; piscivorous; solitary orin small schools(H. Senou)

Family Sphyraenidae

Sphyraena obtusata
Cuvier 1829
En Obtuse Barracuda
S. jello, KAUM–I. 57196, 64.7 mm SL

S. obtusata, KAUM–I. 80842, 105.3 mm SL

S. obtusata, UPVMI 915, 216.3 mm SL

C ● 2 gill rakers ● 78–85 lateralline scales ● Origin of pelvic fin
before origin of 1st dorsal fin ●Posterior tip of opercle obtuse ●Body with two yellowish-brown
stripes (sometime indistinct),
lower one starting at upper end of
pectoral-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of
Africa to Japan and Fiji); introduced
to Black Sea and the eastern part ofMediterranean Sea
H Coastal shallow waters, including
coral reefs
S 21 cm SL
R Probably nocturnal; piscivorous;
seen in schools by day(H. Senou)

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Family Gempylidae

Gempylus serpens
Cuvier 1829
En Snake Mackerel

C ● Head and body remarkably elongate ● 5–7 dorsal andanal finlets ● 2 lateral lines ●Body dark brown with silvery
reflection
D Circumglobal in tropicalthrough warm temperate seas
H Epi- and mesopelagic at
depths 0–200 m
S 1 m SLR Common off Panay I., butrarely found at markets due topelagic fish
(M. Okamoto)G. serpens, UPVMI 613, 571.9 mm SL

G. serpens, KAUM–I. 51683, 449.6 mm SL

Family Gempylidae

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum(Smith 1843)
En Escolar

C ● Body nearly fusiform ●First dorsal fin low ● Caudal
peduncle with large keel ●Lateral line sinuous
D Circumglobal in tropicalthrough warm temperate seas
H Continental slope (below
200 m during the day, but
surface water at night)
S 2 m SLR Escolar flesh contains
high concentrations of an
indigestible wax ester that is anatural laxative(M. Okamoto)

Family Gempylidae

Promethichthys prometheus

L. flavobrunneum, UPVMI 618, 246.2 mm SL(Cuvier 1832)
En Roudi Escolar

C ● Body entirely scaled ● 1
lateral line ● 1 spine and 17–
20 soft rays in second dorsal
fin ● Pelvic fin degenerate
D Circumglobal in tropicaland subtropical waters
H Benthopelagic (100–800
m during the day, but surface
water at night)
S 1 m SLR Common off Panay I., butrarely found at markets(M. Okamoto)P. prometheus, UPVMI 932, 534.3 mm SL

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Family Gempylidae

Rexea bengalensis(Alcock 1894)
En Bengal Escolar

R. bengalensis, KAUM–I. 80841, 159.6 mm SL

R. bengalensis, KAUM–I. 80882, 167.4 mm SL

C ● Body naked ● Lower
lateral line originating underor a little behind 5th dorsalfin spine ● Upper lateral line
reaching at least to end of 2nd
dorsal-fin base
D Indo-West Pacific (Mozambique to Taiwan, northern Australia, and New Caledonia)
H Benthopelagic (143–820 m
depth)
S 22 cm SL
R Common off Panay I., butrarely found at markets(M. Okamoto)R. bengalensis, KAUM–I. 80841, 159.6 mm SL
R. bengalensis, UPVMI 809, 227.3 mm SL

T. cristatus, UPVMI 612, 630.0 mm TL

T. lepturus, UPVMI 1617, 528.0 mm TL

Family Trichiuridae

Family Trichiuridae(Klunzinger 1884)
En Crested Hairtail

Linnaeus 1758
En Largehead Hairtail

Tentoriceps cristatus

C ● Body extremely elongate ● Caudal fin absent ● Dorsal
profile of head round ● Pelvic fin reduced to scale-like process
D Indo-West Pacific (east coast of Africa and Red Sea toPhilippines, Japan, and Australia)
H Benthopelagic in conti-nental shelves
S 1.6 m TL
R Marketed fresh and dried-salted, frequently mixed with
Largehead Hairtail. Common around Panay I.
(M. Okamoto)

Trichiurus lepturusC ● Body extremely elongate ● Caudal fin absent ● Dorsal
profile of head straight ● Pelvic fin absent
D Circumglobal in tropical and temperate waters
H Continental shelves and slope waters (inshore to a depthof at least 350 m)
S 2 m TL
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Family Scombridae

Acanthocybium solandri(Cuvier 1831)
En Wahoo

C ● Body elongate, cylindrical ●XXIII–XXVII, 12–16 + 8–9 dorsalfin rays ● 12–14 + 8–9 anal-fin
rays ● Gill rakers absent ● Body
silver, black dorsally with numerous
narrow black vertical bars
D Cosmopolitan
H Pelagic
S 210 cm FL
R Common around Panay I. Adults
frequently landed at markets(H. Hata)

A. solandri, UPVMI 999, 523.7 mm SL

Family Scombridae

Auxis rochei rochei(Risso 1810)
En Bullet TunaC ● Body elongate, cylindrical● Black blotch on upper part of
opercle connecting to black area of
dorsum ● Posterior end of scaled
area of corselet extending beyond
vertical through second dorsal-fin
origin ● Posterior tip of pectoral
fin not reaching to vertical throughanterior margin of naked area of
dorsum
D Circumglobal in tropical totemperate seas, except for eastern
Pacific
H Coastal waters
S 55 cm TL(H. Hata)

Family Scombridae

Auxis thazard(Lacepède 1800)
En Frigate TunaC ● Body elongate, cylindrical● Black blotch on upper part of
opercle not connecting to black
area of dorsum ● Posterior end ofscaled area of corselet not reaching
to vertical through second dorsal-fin
origin ● Posterior tip of pectoral finreaching to vertical through anterior
margin of naked area of dorsum
D Circumglobal in tropical andtemperate seas, except for eastern
Pacific
H Coastal waters
S 60 cm TL(H. Hata)

A. rochei rochei, UPVMI 1082, 256.3 mm SL

A. thazard, KAUM–I. 80657, 273.0 mm SL

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Family Scombridae

Euthynnus affinis(Cantor 1849)
En Kawakawa

E. affinis, UPVMI 978, 415.0 mm SL

C ● Jaws with small conicalteeth in a single series ●Palatines without teeth ●Body with numerous narrow
stripes on posterior partof dorsum ● Black spots
between pectoral and pelvic
fins
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa
to Hawaiian Is. and Tonga),
eastern Pacific
H Coastal waters and aroundoffshore islands
S 1 m TLR Both juveniles and adults
are landed in markets(H. Hata)

Family Scombridae

Grammatorcynus bilineatus(Rüppell 1836)
En Doublelined Mackerel

G. bilineatus, UPVMI 1776, 347.6 mm SL

C ● Lateral line double,
lower branch joining upper
behind pectoral-fin base andcaudal peduncle ● 18–24 total
gill rakers ● Black indistinct
blotches on lateral surface ofbody in juveniles
D Indo-Pacific (Red Sea toJapan and Tokelau Is.)H Epipelagic; coral reefs
S 1 m FLR Marketed mainly fresh, but
perishable(H. Hata)

Family Scombridae

Katsuwonus pelamis(Linnaeus 1758)
En Skipjack TunaK. pelamis, UPVMI 1127, 516.0 mm SL

C ● 53–63 total gill rakers● Palatines without teeth ●4–6 black stripes (becoming
distinct after death) on lateralsurface of abdomen
D Cosmopolitan
H Epipelagic and oceanic
S 1.1 m TL
R Common around Panay I.
Both juveniles and adults arelanded in markets(H. Hata)

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Family Scombridae

Rastrelliger brachysoma(Bleeker 1851)
En Short Mackerel

C ● 30–48 gill rakers ● Body
deep, its depth at posterior
margin of opercle 3.7–4.3 in
FL ● Indistinct black blotches
on dorsum
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Andaman Is.
to Fiji)
H Coastal waters
S 35 cm FL(H. Hata)

R. brachysoma, UPVMI 169, 179.0 mm SL

Family Scombridae

Rastrelliger faughni
Matsui 1967
En Island Mackerel

C ● 21–26 gill rakers ● Body
elongate, its depth at posterior
margin of opercle 4.9–6.0 in
FL ● 2 rows of blue blotches
on dorsum
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (India to
Taiwan and Fiji)
H Coastal waters
S 20 cm FL(H. Hata)

R. brachysoma, UPVMI 192, 175.8 mm SL

R. faughni, KAUM–I. 80695, 170.4 mm SL

R. faughni, KAUM–I. 80696, 158.6 mm SL

R. faughni, UPVMI 373, 158.5 mm SL

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Family Scombridae

Rastrelliger kanagurta(Cuvier 1816)
En Indian Mackerel

C ● 30–46 gill rakers ● Body
elongate, its depth at posterior
margin of opercle 4.3–5.2 in FL ●Indistinct black blotches on dorsum● Green stripes on lateral surface ofbody
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa
to Japan, Samoa, and Australia),
eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea
immigrant)
H Coastal waters
S 35 cm FL
R Common around Panay I., frequently found at markets. Marketed
fresh, dried and dried-salted(H. Hata)

Family Scombridae

Sarda orientalis
R. kanagurta, UPVMI 761, 160.0 mm SL

S. orientalis, UPVMI 660, 369.9 mm SL(Temminck & Schlegel 1844)
En Striped Bonito
C ● 12–20 upper-, 10–17 lower-jaw
teeth ● Vomer and tongue toothless● 8–13 total gill rakers ● Body withnumerous dark slightly obliquenarrow stripes running forward anddownward in adults ● Numerous
black vertical bands on lateralsurface of body in juveniles
D Indian and Pan Pacific oceans(East Africa to western coast ofCentral America)
H Epipelagic and neritic
S 1 m FLR Marketed mainly fresh(H. Hata)

Family Scombridae

Scomber australasicus
Cuvier 1831
En Spotted Chub Mackerel

S. orientalis, UPVMI 1620, 294.9 mm SL

S. australasicus, KAUM–I. 80698, 241.6 mm SL

C ● X I – X I I - I , 11 – 1 2 d o r s a l fin rays, 5 dorsal finlets ● I,
11–13 anal-fin rays, 5 anal finlets ●Distance between origins of first tonine dorsal-fin spines less than 12%
of FL ● Black vermicular markingson dorsum ● Numerous small blackspots on ventral surface of body inadultsD Indo-Pacific (Red Sea to Hawaiian Is. and New Zealand), eastern
Pacific (Mexico)
H Epipelagic and neritic
S 40 cm FL(H. Hata)

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Family Scombridae

Scomberomorus commerson(Lacepède 1801)
En Narrowbarred Spanish Mackerel

C ● Lateral line abruptly bent
downward below end of second
dorsal fin ● Body with numerous
wavy vertical black bands inadults ● Numerous black blotcheson lateral surface on body injuveniles ● Teeth on jaws strong
with serrated edge
D I n d o - We s t P a c i f i c ( E a s t
Africa to Japan and Fiji), eastern
Mediterranean Sea (Lebanon)
H Pelagic, shallower than depthsof 200 m
S 2.2 m TL
R Common around Panay I. Bothjuveniles and adults are landed inmarkets(H. Hata)

S. commerson, UPVMI 170, 264.1 mm SL

S. commerson, UPVMI 563, 159.2 mm SL

Family Scombridae

Thunnus albacares(Bonnaterre 1788)
En Yellowfin Tuna

C ● 14–15 anal-fin rays ● 32–35
pectoral-fin rays ● 27–34 gillrakers ● Dorsal view of liver rightlobe of longest and thin, medial
and left lobes rounded ● Smallswimbladder with expanded
anterior part
D Tropical and temperate sea of
the world
H Epipelagic and oceanic
S 2 m FLR Common around Panay I.
Around payao(F. Muto)

T. albacares, UPVMI 1056, 158.2 mm SL

Family Scombridae

Thunnus tonggol(Bleeker 1851)
En Longtail TunaT. albacares, UPVMI 1694, 335.7 mm SL

C ● 13–14 anal-fin rays ● 30–35

pectoral-fin rays ● 20–25 gillrakers ● Dorsal view of liver sameas Yellowfin Tuna ● Swimbladderabsent or rudimentary
D Indo-West Pacific (northeastern
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Epipelagic and netric
S 1.5 m FL
R Appears at fish markets withsmall Yellowfin Tuna. Not aroundpayao(F. Muto)

T. tonggol, KAUM–I. 62955, 149.3 mm SL

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Family Channidae

Channa striata(Bloch 1793)
En Striped Snakehead

C. striata, KAUM–I. 91852, 332.9 mm SL

C ● 38–43 dorsal-fin rays ●23–27 anal-fin rays ● Body
dark grey dorsally, whitev e n t r a l l y, w i t h i r r e g u l a r
blackish bars
D Native range from Pakistan
to Indochine, Malaysia, andIndonesia; introduced elsewhere, including Philippines
H Brackish and freshwaters
S 1.5 m TL
(H. Motomura)

Family Psettodidae

Psettodes erumei(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Indian Halibut

P. erumei, UPVMI 635, 361.0 mm SL

P. erumei, UPVMI 634, 370.6 mm SL

P. erumei, UPVMI 634, 370.6 mm SL

C ● Anterior dorsal- andanal-fin rays spinous ● IX–
XI, 38–45 dorsal-fin rays ● I,
33–43 anal-fin rays ● Mouth
large with strong teeth onjaws ● Both eyes mostly onleft side, but occasionally onright side
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
and East Africa to Taiwan andAustralia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in depths of 1–100 m
S 60 cm TL(B. Jeong)

Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus arsius(Hamilton 1822)
En Largetooth FlounderP. arsius, UPVMI 225, 164.6 mm SL

C ● 71–84 dorsal-fin rays ●53–62 anal-fin rays ● Several
pairs of moderately large
canines in anterior parts ofboth jaws ● 6–13 lateral teeth
in lower jaw ● Ctenoid scales
on eyed side, cycloid scales
on blind side
D Indo-West Pacific (eastcoast of Africa to Fiji)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in shallow waters (less than
200 m depth) and estuaries
S 35 cm TL(B. Jeong)

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Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus
Regan 1905
En Ocellated FlounderC ● 72–78 dorsal-fin rays ● 56–63 anal-fin rays ● Eyed side brownish,with 1 or 2 pairs of distinct double ocelli above and below lateral line, andmany dark rings and spots scattered on body and fins
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans (Nicobar Is. to Japan andAustralia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in continental shelves in depths of 50–150 m
S 40 cm TL(B. Jeong)P. dupliciocellatus, UPVMI 228, 163.3 mm SL

Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus javanicus(Bleeker 1853)
En Javan FlounderC ● 67–76 dorsal-fin rays ●51–56 anal-fin rays ● Ctenoid
scales on anterior part, dorsal,
and ventral margins of eyedside of body, cycloid scales
on remaining areas ● Cycloid
scales on blind side
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian
Gulf to China and New
Guinea)H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in continental shelves in
depths of 22–38 m
S 35 cm TL(B. Jeong)P. javanicus, KAUM–I. 63078, 118.3 mm SL

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Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus malayanus
Bleeker 1865
En Malayan FlounderC ● 72–74 dorsal-fin rays ● 58–59
anal-fin rays ● Posterior margin of
maxilla extending beyond posterior
margin of lower eye ● Ctenoid scales
on both sides of body ● Eyed sidedark brown, with small dark blotch atjunction of straight and curved laterallines
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf toPhilippines and Indonesia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms inshallow waters at depths of 20–27 m
S 40 cm TL(B. Jeong)P. malayanus, KAUM–I. 57193, 144.5 mm SL

Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus oligodon(Bleeker 1854)
En Roughscale FlounderC ● 78–82 dorsal-fin rays ● 61–65
anal-fin rays ● 2 black spots along gill
opening below pectoral-fin base ● Eyedside creamy brown, with small dark
blotch at junction of straight and curved
lateral lines
D Japan to South China Sea
H Muddy and sandy bottoms inshallow waters at depths of 30–40 m
S 30 cm TL
R The present specimen represents
the first specimen-based record of thespecies from the Philippines(B. Jeong)

P. oligodon, KAUM–I. 94034, 142.7 mm SL (preserved specimen)

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Family Bothidae

Arnoglossus aspilos(Bleeker, 1851)
En Spotless Lefteye FlounderC ● 78–84 dorsal-fin rays ● 58–64 analfin rays ● 46–48 lateral-line scales ● Body
relatively deep ● Mouth relatively small● Small teeth present on both side jaws
● Eyes large, 3–4 times in HL ● Narrowinterorbital region ● Eyed side mottled
brown with small spots, and blind side
creamy white
D Indo-West Pacific (Persian Gulf to
Taiwan and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in depths of
30–71 mS 19 cm TL(B. Jeong)A. polyspilus, KAUM–I. 57201, 50.8 mm SL

Family Bothidae

Engyprosopon grandisquama(Temminck & Schlegel 1846)
En Largescale FlounderC ● 79–87 dorsal-fin rays ● 59–65 anal-fin
rays ● Single strong spine near tip of snout
in males, absent or feeble in females ● Gillrakers on first gill arch absent on upper
limb, 5–8 short, non-serrae on lower limb ●Pair of prominent black blotches on caudal
fin
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japan,
New Caledonia, and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in depths of
7–200 mS 13 cm TL(B. Jeong)E. grandisquama, UPVMI 659, 80.0 mm SL

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G. polyophthalmus, KAUM–I. 63075, 101.1 mm SL

Family Bothidae

Grammatobothus
polyophthalmus(Bleeker 1865)
En Manyeyed FlounderG. polyophthalmus, KAUM–I. 63076, 87.5 mm SL

G. polyophthalmus, KAUM–I. 63075, 101.1 mm SL

C ● 77–86 dorsal-fin rays ●61–71 anal-fin rays ● 2nd to
10th dorsal-fin rays elongate,
in males, not in females ●Pectoral fin elongate in males● Eyed side pale brown, withprominent 3 large dark ocelli
and numerous distinct spots
D Indo-West Pacific (India toJapan and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in depths of 0–90 m
S 21 cm TL(B. Jeong)G. polyophthalmus, KAUM–I. 63076, 87.5 mm SL

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Family Samaridae

Plagiopsetta glossa
Franz 1910
En Tongue Flatfish

C ● 64–75 dorsal-fin rays ● 49–55 analfin rays ● 8–10 pectoral-fin rays (eyed side)● No pectoral fin on blind side ● Middle
caudal-fin rays branched ● Eyed side withmany dark spots, blotches, and rings
D Western Pacific (Japan to New South
Wales, Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in depths of
50–200 m
S 20 cm TL
R The present specimen represents the first
specimen-based record of the species fromthe Philippines(B. Jeong)

P. glossa, KAUM–I. 52609, 81.9 mm SL

Family Samaridae

Samaris cristatus

Gray 1831
En Cockatoo Righteye FlounderC ● Anterior 12–15 dorsal-fin rays greatly
elongated, white colored, remaining rays
brown ● Pelvic fin on eyed side elongated● Eyed side brown, with dark spots andblotches ● Blind side creamy white
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea and east
Africa to Japan, New Caledonia, andAustralia)
H Muddy and silty sandy bottoms in depthsof 20–114 m
S 22 cm TL(B. Jeong)S. cristatus, KAUM–I. 63067, 137.9 mm SL

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Family Soleidae

Aesopia cornuta
Kaup 1858
En Unicorn SoleA. cornuta, UPVMI 567, 136.6 mm SL

C ● 69–79 dorsal-fin rays
● 59–66 anal-fin rays ● 1st
dorsal-fin ray thickened ●Eyed side with 15–16 darkbrown single or double crossbands continuing onto fins
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea
and east coast of Africa to
Korea and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
at depths of 8–100 m
S 27 cm TL(B. Jeong)

Family Soleidae

Aseraggodes kobensis(Steindachner 1896)
En —C ● 64–74 dorsal-fin rays ●45–55 anal-fin rays ● 17–19
caudal-fin rays ● Eyes small,contiguous ● Mouth small,slightly curved ● Eyed side
uniformly brown; blind side
dusky brown
D Western Pacific (Korea toGulf of Thailand)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
at depths of 80–100 m
S 12 cm TL
R The present specimen
represents the first specimenbased record of the species
from the Philippines(B. Jeong)

A. kobensis, KAUM–I. 63042, 61.2 mm SL

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Family Soleidae

Dexillus muelleri(Steindachner 1879)
En Tufted SoleC ● Eyed side many irregular patches ofscales with hair like sensory processes ●Dorsal and anal fins completely joined tocaudal fin ● Pectoral fins very small
D Eastern Indian and western Pacificoceans (Sri Lanka to Philippines, Australia, and Samoa)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms on continental shelves, entering bays and estuaries
S 20 cm TL(B. Jeong)

D. muelleri, UPVMI 188, 171.7 mm SL

Family Soleidae

Heteromycteris hartzfeldii(Bleeker 1853)
En Hooknosed SoleC ● 88–101 dorsal-fin rays ● 61–65 analfin rays ● Eyed side with irregular whitish
lines and spots, and 3 rows of blackishblotches or ocelli along midline, dorsal
and ventral sides
D Western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia,
and Papua New Guinea)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms, shelteredbays and estuaries at depths of 2–15 m
S 24 cm TL(B. Jeong)

H. hartzfeldii, UPVMI 221, 140.0 mm SL

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Family Soleidae

Liachirus melanospilus(Bleeker 1854)
En Carpet SoleC ● 59–62 dorsal-fin rays ●42–47 anal-fin rays ● 57–65
lateral-line scales ● Small
cycloid scales on both sides● Eyed side with scattereddarker dots and blotches
D Indo-West Pacific (Laccadive
Is. to Japan and New Guinea)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
S 15 cm TL(B. Jeong)

Family Soleidae

Pardachirus pavoninus(Lacepède 1802)
En Peacock SoleL. melanospilus, KAUM–I. 51670, 84.1 mm SL

C ● 66–70 dorsal-fin rays ●50–53 anal-fin rays ● Toxin
glands, visible as pores
along dorsal- and anal-finbases ● Pectoral fins absent● Eyed side with creamy
white blotches or ocelli, andyellowish spots
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Sri Lanka to
Japan, Samoa, and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottomsof lagoon and seaward reefs
at depths of 2–40 m
S 25 cm TL(B. Jeong)P. pavoninus, UPVMI 475, 169.7 mm SL

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Family Soleidae

Phyllichthys sp.
En —C ● 70 dorsal-fin rays ● 56 anal-fin rays ●6 pectoral-fin rays (5 rays in blind side) ●4 pelvic-fin rays (4 rays in blind side) ● 14
caudal-fin rays ● 100 lateral-line scales (110scales in blind side) ● Body oval ● Strong
ctenoid scales on eyed side, cycloid scales onblind side ● Eyed side with many irregular
patches of scales with hair like sensory
filaments ● Dorsal and anal fins completely
joined to caudal fin ● Pectoral fins asymmetry● Pelvic fins moderately symmetry ● Eyedside brownish, with irregular blotches, andpectoral fin dark brown ● Blind side creamy
white, with blackish dorsal-, anal-, and caudalfin margins
D Philippines
H Unknown
S 24 cm SL
R This is most likely to be an undescribed
species of the genus Phyllichthys(B. Jeong)

Phyllichthys sp., UPVMI 186, 241.7 mm SL

Family Soleidae

Solea ovata

Richardson 1846
En Ovate SoleC ● 65 dorsal-fin rays ● 47 anal-fin rays ●Body ovate ● Dorsal and anal fins separate
from caudal fin ● Eyed side olive brown, withwhite spots and black blotches
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan to China and
New Guinea)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in coastal waters
S 10 cm TL(B. Jeong)S. ovata, KAUM–I. 63077, 68.7 mm SL

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Family Soleidae

Zebrias quagga(Kaup 1858)
En Fringefin Zebra SoleZ. quagga, UPVMI 566, 118.3 mm SL

C ● 60–75 dorsal-fin rays ● 50–62
anal-fin rays ● Ctenoid scales onboth sides ● Eyed side creamy
brown, with 11–12 dark brown
single or double cross bands continuing onto fins
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea andPersian Gulf to China and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms incoastal waters
S 15 cm TL(B. Jeong)

Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus bilineatus(Lacepède 1802)
En Fourlined Tonguesole

C. bilineatus, KAUM–I. 91776, 380.0 mm SL

C ● 2 lateral lines on both side
● 88–96 midlateral-line scales ●107–113 dorsal-fin rays ● 80–88
anal-fin rays ● Usually 12 caudal-fin
rays ● Ctenoid scales on eyed side,
cycloid scales on blind side ● Eyedside dark brown, with dark blotch on
gill cover, and blind side creamy
D Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea andPersian Gulf to Japan and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms ofcontinental shelves, including
coastal areas and estuaries, at depthsof 10–400 m
S 45 cm TL(B. Jeong)

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Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus cynoglossus(Hamilton 1822)
En Bengal Tonguesole

C ● 2 lateral lines on eyedside, none on blind side ●70–90 midlateral-line scales ●95–102 dorsal-fin rays ● 72–
78 anal-fin rays ● 10 caudalfin rays ● Ctenoid scales onboth sides
D Indo-West Pacific (Pakistan
to Philippines and Indonesia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in shallow areas, including
brackish waters
S 20 cm TL(B. Jeong)

C. cynoglossus, KAUM–I. 80819, 117.0 mm SL

Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus kopsii(Bleeker 1851)
En Shortheaded Tonguesole
C ● 2 lateral lines on eyedside, none on blind side ●57–72 midlateral-line scales ●103–115 dorsal-fin rays ● 80–
91 anal-fin rays ● 10 caudalfin rays ● Eyed side brown,with dark brown blotches andirregular transverse bands
D Indo-West Pacific (Madagascar and Persian Gulf to
Taiwan and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in depths of 24–90 m
S 19 cm TL(B. Jeong)

C. kopsii, UPVMI 341, 92.8 mm SL

C. kopsii, UPVMI 178, 104.2 mm SL

C. kopsii, UPVMI 178, 104.2 mm SL

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Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus maccullochi
Norman 1926
En McCulloch's Tonguesole

C ● 2 lateral lines ● 68–76
midlateral-line scales ● 102–107 dorsal-fin rays ● 73–83
anal-fin rays ● 8 caudal-fin
rays ● Ctenoid scales on bothsides ● Eyed side brownish,with 6 or 7 dark blotches,blind side creamy brown,with blackish dorsal, anal, andcaudal fins
D Philippines and Australia
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in shallow waters
S 19 cm TL
R The present specimen represents the first record of thespecies from the Philippines(B. Jeong)

C. maccullochi, KAUM–I. 56094, 125.4 mm SL

Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus ochiaii

Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji 2008En —C ● 3 lateral lines on eyedside, none on blind side ● 6–9
cephalodorsal line scales ●66–79 dorsolateral-line scales● 67–73 midlateral-line scales● 38–62 ventrolateral-line
scales ● 104–112 dorsal-fin
rays ● 83–88 anal-fin rays ●10 caudal-fin rays ● Dorsal
and anal fins with dark brown
dapples
D Japan, East China Sea, andPhilippines
H Muddy and sandy bottoms
in depths of 46–220 m
S 20 cm TL
R The present specimen represents the first record of thespecies from the Philippines(B. Jeong)C. ochiaii, KAUM–I. 62946, 141.6 mm SL

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Family Triacanthidae

Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer(Cantor 1849)
En Long-spined Tripodfish

C ● 20–24 dorsal-fin soft rays
● Pelvis distinctly tapered
posteriorly ● Membrane
between first and second
dorsal-fin spines pale black
distally
D Indo-West Pacific (Gulf ofOman to Indonesia)
H Sandy bottoms in coastal
watersS 25 cm SL
R Usually taken by bottom
trawl; no commercial importance(K. Matsuura)

Family Balistidae

Abalistes filamentosus
Matsuura & Yoshino 2004
En Hairfin Triggerfish

P. strigilifer, KAUM–I. 63060, 82.4 mm SL

C ● Upper and lower rays of
caudal fin greatly produced
into filaments ● Caudal
peduncle depressed ● Body
without colorful markings
D Eastern Indian and western
P a c i f i c o c e a n s ( We s t e r nAustralia to Japan and New
Caledonia)
H Sandy bottoms to depths
exceeding 100 m
S 32 cm SL
R Distinguished from A. stellatus (Anonymous 1798) byfilamentous caudal-fin rays
(K. Matsuura)

A. filamentosus, UPVMI 452, 163.6 mm SL

Family Balistidae

Abalistes stellatus(Anonymous 1798)
En Starry Triggerfish

C ● Caudal-fin rays not filamentous ● Caudal peduncle
depressed ● Body covered
with many yellow spots
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Sandy bottoms to depths
around 100 m
S 55 cm SL
R Captured by bottom trawl(K. Matsuura)

A. stellatus, UPVMI 229, 317.7 mm SL

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Family Balistidae

Balistoides conspicillum(Bloch & Schnedier 1801)
En Clown Triggerfish

C ● A groove in front ofeye ● Enlarged scales justbehind gill opening ● 3–4
rows of anteriorly projecting
small spines on side of caudal
peduncle
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Samoa)
H Outer slopes of coral reefs
in depths of 1–75 m
S 40 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

B. conspicillum, UPVMI 922, 267.7 mm SL

Family Balistidae

Canthidermis maculata(Bloch 1786)
En Oceanic Triggerfish

C ● A groove in front of eye● No enlarged scales justbehind gill opening ● Caudal
fin round to double emarginate
D Circumglobal in warm andtropical seas
H Steep outer reef slopes in
depths of 15–55 m and occasionally far out sea aroundfloating objects
S 45 cm SL
R Occurring in aggregations(K. Matsuura)

Family Balistidae

Melichthys vidua
C. maculata, UPVMI 911, 141.0 mm SL(Richardson 1845)
En Pinktail Triggerfish

M. vidua, KAUM–I. 52634, 86.3 mm SL

C ● A groove in front of eye● Enlarged scales just behindgill opening ● Posterior partof caudal fin pink ● Headand body uniformly blackish
brown in adults; radiatinglines around eye in juveniles
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Tuamotu
Is.)
H Outer reef slopes in depths
of 1–60 m
S 30 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

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Family Balistidae

Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus(Rüppell 1829)
En Yellowmargin Triggerfish

C ● Anterior part of cheek largely
naked ● Enlarged scales just behindgill opening ● Small spines in 5 or
6 rows on side of posterior part ofbody
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Tuamotu Is.)H Coral reefs in depths of 1–50 m
S 60 cm SL
R Juveniles of this species are
similar to those of B. viridescens(Bloch & Schnedier 1801) but
distinguished by lacking a blackbar extending downward from alarge black blotch just below thesecond dorsal fin(K. Matsuura)

P. flavimarginatus, KAUM–I. 57191, 24.5 mm SL

Family Monacanthidae

Aluterus monoceros(Linnaeus 1758)
En Unicorn Filefish

C ● 45–51 dorsal-fin rays ● 47–53
anal-fin rays ● Dorsal-fin spine
above eye, very long and fragile● No pelvic terminus on posterior
part of abdomen
D Circumglobal in warm andtropical seas
H Sandy or muddy bottoms incoastal waters
S 70 cm SL
R Captured by bottom trawl(K. Matsuura)

A. monoceros, UPVMI 1679, 181.9 mm SL

Family Monacanthidae

Aluterus scriptus(Osbeck 1765)
En Scrawled Filefish

C ● 43–49 dorsal-fin rays ● 46–52
anal-fin rays ● Dorsal-fin spine
above eye, very long and fragile ●Caudal fin longer than snout ● No
pelvic terminus on posterior part ofabdomen
D Circumglobal in tropical seas
H Coral reefs in depths of 1–80 m
S 70 cm SL
R Intestine occasionally toxic(K. Matsuura)

A. monoceros, UPVMI 1277, 183.6 mm SL

A. scriptus, UPVMI 883, 314.2 mm SL

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Family Monacanthidae

Anacanthus barbatus
Gray 1830
En Bearded Leatherjacket

A. barbatus, UPVMI 1278, 152.0 mm SL

C ● 48–50 dorsal-fin rays ● 58–62
anal-fin rays ● A barbel on chin ●Body greatly elongate, body depth
at anal-fin origin 10–11 in SL ● No
pelvic terminus on posterior part ofabdomenD Indo-West Pacific (India to
Philippines and Solomon Is.)H Muddy bottoms of estuaries andcoastal bays in depths of 2–30 m
S 25 cm SL
R Mimics mangrove shoots andseapens(K. Matsuura)

Family Monacanthidae

Cantherhines fronticinctus(Günther 1867)
En Spectacled Filefish

C. fronticinctus, UPVMI 265, 46.6 mm SL

C ● 32–35 dorsal-fin rays ● 30–32
anal-fin rays ● Anterior interorbitalcrossed by a wide dark brown band
● Pelvic terminus composed of
3 segments, not movable dorsoventrally
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and New Caledonia)
H Outer reefs in depths of 1–40 m
S 20 cm SL
R Solitary(K. Matsuura)

Family Monacanthidae

Monacanthus chinensis(Osbeck 1765)
En Fanbellied Leatherjacket

M. chinensis, UPVMI 339, 73.1 mm SL

C ● 28–30 dorsal-fin rays ●27–30 anal-fin rays ● Ventral flap
greatly enlarged ● Pelvic terminus
composed of 3 segments, movabledorso-ventrally ● Several brown
stripes radiating from eye
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Thailand to East
China Sea and New Guinea)
H Seagrass beds and rocky reefs inshallow waters
S 35 cm SL
R Juveniles commonly found inseagrass beds
(K. Matsuura)

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Family Monacanthidae

Paramonacanthus choirocephalus(Bleeker 1852)
En Whiteblotch Filefish

C ● 27–31 dorsal-fin rays ● 28–32 anal-fin
rays ● Second uppermost ray of caudal fin
filamentous in males ● Dark brown circular toelliptical blotch on midside of body, bisected
diagonally by lateral line ● Pelvic terminus
composed of 3 segments, movable dorsoventrally
D Western Pacific Ocean (Philippines toAustralia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms and sheltered
coastal reefs in depths of 3–25 m
S 11 cm SL
R This species is distinguished from otherspecies of Paramonacanthus by having a darkbrown circular to elliptical blotch on midsideof body, bisected diagonally by lateral line
(K. Matsuura)

P. choirocephalus, UPVMI 340, 53.4 mm SL

Family Monacanthidae

Paramonacanthus curtorhynchos(Bleeker 1855)
En Shortsnout Filefish

C ● 33–36 dorsal-fin rays ● 30–32 anal-fin
rays ● Second uppermost ray (and occasionally
middle rays) of caudal fin filamentous inmales ● Dark brown or black oblong blotch on
middle of upper side of body below anterior
part of second dorsal fin ● Pelvic terminus
composed of 3 segments, movable dorsoventrally
D Eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans(Bay of Bengal to Philippines and Fiji)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms and sheltered
coastal reefs
S 9 cm SL
R This species has been confused with P.
oblongus (Temminck & Schlegel 1850)
distributed in Japanese waters. It differs from P.
oblongus by lacking a longitudinal dark brown
stripe on midside of body from the pectoral-fin
region to the caudal peduncle(K. Matsuura)

Family Monacanthidae

P. curtorhynchos, UPVMI 231, 55.0 mm SL

P. pusillus, KAUM–I. 57164, 71.8 mm SL

Paramonacanthus pusillus(Rüppell 1829)
En Faintstripe Filefish

C ● 25–30 dorsal-fin rays ● 24–29 anal-fin rays ● Uppermost and lowermost
rays of caudal fin filamentous ● Body grayish on dorsal half with 3–4 broadand diffused brown stripes ● Pelvic terminus composed of 3 segments, movabledorso-ventrally
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Muddy and sandy bottoms in depths of 10–40 m
S 15 cm SL
R This species is similar to P. lowei Hutchins 1997 but distinguished from thelatter by lacking narrow white lines(K. Matsuura)

P. pusillus, KAUM–I. 80856, 78.7 mm SL

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Family Monacanthidae

Thamnaconus hypargyreus(Cope 1871)
En Lessor-spotted Leatherjacket

T. hypargyreus, KAUM–I. 56095, 93.6 mm SL

C ● 32–36 dorsal-fin rays ● 32–33
anal-fin rays ● Dorsal-fin spine
above posterior half of eye ● Body
grayish to light brown with manyrounded yellowish brown spots● Pelvic terminus composed of
2 segments, immovable dorsoventrally
D Western Pacific Ocean (Japan toAustralia)
H Usually found in depths shallower than 90 m but occasionally
down to 200 m
S 20 cm SL
R Captured by bottom trawl(K. Matsuura)

Family Monacanthidae

Thamnaconus multilineatus(Tanaka 1918)
En Blackvent Filefish

T. multilineatus, UPVMI 578, 165.2 mm SL

C ● 31–34 dorsal-fin rays ●31–34 anal-fin rays ● Many longitudinal dark brown stripes onventral half of body ● Anus in alarge dark brown spot ● Pelvic
terminus composed of 2 segments,
immovable dorso-ventrally
D Western Pacific Ocean (Japan toIndonesia)
H Occurring on continental shelf
S 20 cm SL
R This species has been rarely
collected. It has been classified inCantherhines but the immovable
pelvic terminus composed of 2
segments places this species inThamnaconus(K. Matsuura)

Family Monacanthidae

Thamnaconus tessellatus(Günther 1880)
En Manyspot Leatherjacket

T. tessellatus, UPVMI 781, 220.6 mm SL

C ● 35–38 dorsal-fin rays ● 32–35
anal-fin rays ● Many dark brownspots on head and body ● Pelvic
terminus composed of 2 segments,
immovable dorso-ventrally
D Western Pacific Ocean (Japan to
New Caledonia)
H Occurring on continental slopes
S 30 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

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235

Family Ostraciidae

Lactoria cornuta(Linnaeus 1758)
En Longhorn Cowfish
C ● A pair of sharp, strong horns about twice
eye diameter in length projecting anteriorly
from front of head ● A second pair of horns
extending posteriorly from rear corner ofcarapace ● Caudal fin greatly elongate, onehalf to two-thirds of carapace length
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andMarquesas Is.)H Weedy areas near coral reefs and rocks indepths of 1–50 m
S 35 cm SL
R Easily distinguished from other boxfishes
by having long horns and long caudal fin(K. Matsuura)

L. cornuta, UPVMI 622, 181.9 mm SL

Family Ostraciidae

Lactoria diaphana(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Roundbelly Cowfish
C ● A sharp spine on middle of back ●A slightly upward short spine extending
anteriorly from antero-dorsal edge of eacheye ● A short spine extending posteriorly
from ventral rear corner of carapace ●Ventral surface of carapace broadly rounded
D Indian and Pacific oceans (East Africa toJapan and Panama)
H Coastal and outer reefs in depths of 1–50
m
S 20 cm SL
R This species occurs in coastal waters but
pelagic forms around 10 cm SL are found far
from land(K. Matsuura)

L. diaphana, UPVMI 454, 195.4 mm SL

Family Ostraciidae

Ostracion cubicus
Linaneus 1758
En Yellow Boxfish

C ● Carapace quadrangular in cross-section● No spines on carapace ● Body with many
white spots surrounded with black spots inadults ● Body bright yellow with many blackspots in juveniles
D Indo-Pacific (East Africa to Japan andTuamotu Is.)H Coastal and outer reefs, also found inlagoons, in depths of 1–35 m
S 40 cm SL
R This species is similar to a temperate
species, O. immaculatus (Temminck &Schlegel 1850) but differs in having many
white spots surrounded by black spots on the
carapace(K. Matsuura)

O. cubicus, UPVMI 1279, 65.0 mm SL

O. cubicus, UPVMI 1635, 35.0 mm SL

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Family Ostraciidae

Tetrosomus reipublicae(Whitely 1930)
En Smallspine Turretfish

C ● Carapace triangular in cross-section● 2 small spines on middle of dorsal
ridge ● 2 minute spines above dorsaledge of eye ● Ventro-lateral ridge ofcarapace well developed
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Australia)
H Sandy bottoms around depths of 3–50
m
S 40 cm SL
R This species is similar to T. gibbosus(Linnaeus 1758) but distinguished fromthe latter by having 2 spines on the backinstead of a simple spine(K. Matsuura)

T. reipublicae, UPVMI 455, 153.1 mm SL

Family Tetraodontidae

Arothron manilensis(Marion de Procé 1822)
En Striped Puffer

A. manilensis, KAUM–I. 56041, 48.7 mm SL

A. manilensis, KAUM–I. 62913, 34.8 mm SL

C ● 9–11 dorsal-fin rays ● 9–10 anal-fin
rays ● Caudal fin moderately long, 2.2–
3.2 in SL ● Body greenish to brownish
gray with many longitudinal dark brown
stripes ● Caudal fin edged black
D Western Pacific (Japan to Indonesia
and Tonga)
H Mangroves, seagrass beds, and sandsilt bottoms near reefs
S 27 cm SL
R This species is similar to A. immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) but
distinguished by many longitudinal darkbrown stripes on the body
(K. Matsuura)

Family Tetraodontidae

Canthigaster compressa(Marion de Procé 1822)
En Compressed Toby

C. compressa, KAUM–I. 80697, 57.7 mm SL

C ● 8–10 dorsal-fin rays ● 8–9 analfin rays ● Body moderately compressed
laterally ● Snout long and conical ●Blue or green edged black spot at baseof dorsal fin
D Western Pacific (Japan to Indonesia
and Vanuatu)
H Silty bays and harbors in depths of
2–25 m
S 9 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

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237

Family Tetraodontidae

Lagocephalus cheesemanii(Clarke 1897)
En Cheeseman's Puffer

C ● Spinules on back in arhomboidal patch, extending
from just in front of eyesposteriorly to region dorsal toposterior part of pectoral ﬁn ●Caudal ﬁn double emarginate
with middle rays posteriorly
produced ● Caudal ﬁn darkbrown to black with dorsal
and ventral white tips
D Western Pacific (Korea toAustralia and New Zealand)
H Found in depths of 1–200
m
S 40 cm SL
R This species is similar toother species of Lagocephalus
but distinguished by the
double emarginated black
caudal fin with white dorsal
and ventral tips
(K. Matsuura)

L. cheesemanii, KAUM–I. 80658, 85.0 mm SL

L. cheesemanii, UPVMI 285, 92.7 mm SL

Family Tetraodontidae

Lagocephalus lunaris(Bloch & Schneider 1801)
En Rough Golden Puffer

C ● Spinules on backreaching to dorsal-fin origin ●Caudal ﬁn concave to lunate● Dorsal half of caudal ﬁndark yellow and ventral half
white
D Indo-West Pacific (East
Africa to Japan and Australia)
H Found on continental shelf
S 30 cm SL
R This species is strongly
toxic(K. Matsuura)

L. lunaris, KAUM–I. 57173, 88.7 mm SL

L. lunaris, KAUM–I. 80784, 51.2 mm SL

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Family Tetraodontidae

Lagocephalus spadiceus(Richardson 1845)
En Richardson's Golden Puffer

L. spadiceus, KAUM–I. 80741, 178.3 mm SL

C ● Spinules on back in an
elliptical patch, occasionallyextending in narrow band
posteriorly but never reaching
to dorsal-fin origin ● Caudal
ﬁn concave ● Dorsal threefourths of caudal fin dark
yellow and ventral one-fourthwhite
D Eastern Indian and western
Pacific oceans (Thailand to
Japan and Australia)
H Found in coastal waters in
depths of 4–190 m
S 30 cm SL
R This species is non-toxic
in waters around Japan but
becomes toxic in the South
China Sea
(K. Matsuura)

L. spadiceus, KAUM–I. 62949, 114.4 mm SL

Family Tetraodontidae

Torquigener brevipinnis(Regan 1902)
En Yellow-striped Puffer

L. spadiceus, UPVMI 592, 150.0 mm SL

T. brevipinnis, KAUM–I. 80679, 72.8 mm SL

C ● 8–9 dorsal-fin rays ●7–8 anal-fin rays ● Chinprominent ● A ventro-lateralskin fold running from below
head to caudal-fin base ● 5vertical narrow yellow bars on
cheek in front of gill opening● A solid longitudinal yellow
stripe running from gill
opening to caudal-fin base
D Western Pacific (Japan to
New Guinea)
H Coastal reefs and sandy
bottoms in depths of 7–100 m
S 10 cm SL
R This species is very similar
to T. flavimaculosus Hardy& Randall 1983 found in
the western Indian Ocean
including the Red Sea. It
differs from T. flavimaculosusby having a solid stripe along
the side of body instead ofmany small, yellowish spots(K. Matsuura)

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

239

Family Diodontidae

Cyclichthys orbicularis(Bloch 1785)
En Orbicular Burrfish

C ● Body covered with moderately
long and immovable spines ● No spines
on caudal peduncle ● No dark or blackspots on fins
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and New Caledonia)
H Coral and rocky reefs and sandy
bottoms in depths of 5–40 m
S 14 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

C. orbicularis, UPVMI 1663, 134.9 mm SL

Family Diodontidae

Cyclichthys spilostylus
Leis & Randall 1982
En Yellow-spotted Burrfish

C ● Body covered with short andimmovable spines ● No spines on caudal
peduncle ● Bases of spines frequently
covered yellow or dark brown spots
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Australia)
H Coral and rocky reefs and weedy
bottoms in depths of 3–90 m
S 25 cm SL(K. Matsuura)

C. orbicularis, UPVMI 347, 50.8 mm SL

Family Diodontidae

Diodon holocanthus

Linnaeus 1758
En Freckled Porcupinefish
C ● Body covered with long andmovable spines ● No spines on caudal
peduncle ● Body covered with many
black spots ● A brown bar from above
to below eye, a broad transverse brownband on occipital region of head andanother across middle of back, a large
oval brown blotch above each pectoralfin, and one around dorsal-fin base ● No
dark brown or black spots on fins
D Indo-West Pacific (East Africa toJapan and Australia)
H Coral and rocky reefs and weedy
bottoms in depths of 3–90 m
S 30 cm SL
R This species is similar to D. liturosus
Shaw 1804 but differs by lacking a
vertical dark brown bar just in front of
the gill opening(K. Matsuura)

C. spilostylus, UPVMI 477, 180.0 mm SL

D. holocanthus, UPVMI 880, 193.1 mm SL

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Scientific Name Index
Abalistes filamentosus
229
Abalistes stellatus
229
abbreviata, Acanthocepola 171
abbreviata, Moringua
27
abbreviatus, Gonorynchus 46
Ablennes hians
66
Abudefduf vaigiensis
172
Acanthocepola abbreviata 171
Acanthocepola indica
171
Acanthocepola sp.
171
Acanthocybium solandri 211
Acanthopagrus pacificus 153
acanthopoma, Eleotris
196
Acanthosphex leurynnis
69
Acanthuridae
205
Acanthurus mata205
Acanthurus nigricaudus 205
Acanthurus xanthopterus 206
Acropomatidae
78
acuminatus, Heniochus 168
acuta, Dussumieria
40
adelus, Pomacentrus
174
aeolus, Sillago
160
Aesopia cornuta
222
Aethaloperca rogaa
79
affinis, Euthynnus
212
affinis, Uranoscopus
192
albacares, Thunnus
215
albimarginata, Variola
92
alboguttata, Parapercis 189
albomarginata, Gracilla 89
albomarginata, Jaydia
97
Alectis ciliaris
104
Alectis indicus
104
Alepes djedaba
104
Alepes kleini
105
Alepes melanoptera
105
altipinnis, Squalus
22
altivelis, Cromileptes
83
Aluterus monoceros
231
Aluterus scriptus
231
amaena, Myripristis
57
Ambassidae
77
Ambassis interrupta
77
Ambassis miops
78
Ambassis nalua
78
amblycephalus, Epinephelus 84
amblycephalus, Johnius 159
Amblygaster leiogaster
39
Amblygaster sirm
40
Amioides polyacanthus
96
Amphiprion clarkii
172
Amphiprion polymnus
173
Anacanthus barbatus
232
anago, Ariosoma
35
anchorago, Choerodon 182
anea, Pennahia
160
Antennariidae
55
Antennarius hispidus
55
Antennarius striatus
56
Antigonia malayana
60
Antigonia rubicunda
60
Anyperodon leucogrammicus 80
Aphareus rutilans
128
Aploactinidae
69
Apogonichthyoides niger 97
Apogonidae
96
Aprion virescens
128

arafurensis, Psenes
178
archipelagicus, Hemiramphus 64
arcticeps, Cheilopogon
64
Arcygobius baliurus
197
arenarius, Arius
47
areolatus, Epinephelus
84
argenteus, Pomadasys
144
argentimaculatus, Lutjanus 128
argus, Cephalopholis
80
argus, Coelorinchus
54
argus, Scatophagus
202
argyreus, Pomadasys
144
argyropleuron, Plicofollis 47
Argyrops bleekeri
153
Ariidae		
47
Ariomma brevimanum
179
Ariomma indicum
179
Ariommatidae
179
Ariosoma anago
35
Ariosoma major
36
Ariosoma meeki
36
Ariosoma scheelei
37
Arius arenarius
47
Arius disper		
47
armata, Hoplobrotula
55
Arnoglossus aspilos
219
Arothron manilensis
236
arsius, Pseudorhombus 216
Aseraggodes kobensis
222
asperum, Myctophum
53
aspilos, Arnoglossus
219
Atherinidae
63
Atherinomorus duodecimalis 63
atkinsoni, Lethrinus
155
atridorsalis, Champsodon 191
Atrobucca nibe
158
Atule mate		
105
auchenolepis, Oxyurichthys 199
aurantiacus, Urolophus
25
aureus, Glossogobius
198
aurora, Nemipterus
145
australasicus, Scomber 214
Auxis rochei rochei
211
Auxis thazard
211
Awaous melanocephalus 197
Awaous ocellaris
197
bagio, Muraenesox
38
bajad, Carangoides
107balinensoides, Nemipterus 145
Balistidae		
229
Balistoides conspicillum 230
baliurus, Arcygobius
197
balteatus, Dipterygonotus 138
barbatus, Anacanthus
232
barberinus, Parupeneus 161
baronessa, Chaetodon
167
batavianus, Platax
201
bathybius, Nemipterus
145
Belonidae		
66
bengalensis, Lutjanus
129
bengalensis, Rexea
210
Berycidae		
57
berycoides, Doederleinia 78
bicinctus, Uranoscopus 192
bicoloripes, Parapercis 189
bifasciatum, Diploprion84
bifasciatus, Pentapodus 150
bilineatus, Cynoglossus 226

bilineatus, Grammatorcynus 212
bindus, Photopectoralis 125
bipinnulata, Elagatis
115
bleekeri, Argyrops
153
bleekeri, Chlorurus
186
Blenniidae		
192
blochii, Priacanthus
94
Bodianus loxozonus
181
boenak, Cephalopholis
80
bohar, Lutjanus
129
bombylios, Egglestonichthys 198
boops, Selar		
118
borneensis, Johnius
159
borneensis, Rhinobatos
24
boro, Pisodonophis
33
Bothidae		219
brachysoma, Rastrelliger 213
Brama dussumieri
125
Brama orcini
126
Brama pauciradiata
126
Bramidae		
125
Bregmaceros sp. 1
54
Bregmaceros sp. 2
54
Bregmacerotidae
54
brevimanum, Ariomma 179
brevipinnis, Torquigener 238
brevirostris, Squalus
23
buergeri, Glaucosoma
166
buergeri, Halaelurus
20
Butidae		
195
Butis humeralis
195
Butis koilomatodon
196
caerulaurea, Caesio
137
Caesio caerulaurea
137
Caesio cuning
138
Caesionidae
137
calcarifer, Lates
77
Callionymidae
193
Callionymus guentheri
193
Callionymus japonicus 193
Callionymus meridionalis 194
Callionymus platycephalus 194
Callionymus schaapi
195
canadum, Rachycentron 102
cancrivorus, Pisodonophis 34
caninoides, Oplopomus 199
canius, Plotosus
48
Cantherhines fronticinctus 232
Canthidermis maculata 230
Canthigaster compressa 236
Caproidae		
60
Carangichthys dinema
106
Carangichthys oblongus 106
Carangidae		
104
Carangoides bajad
107
Carangoides coeruleopinnatus 107
Carangoides ferdau
108
Carangoides fulvoguttatus 108
Carangoides gymnostethus 109
Carangoides hedlandensis 109
Carangoides plagiotaenia 110
Carangoides praeustus 110
Caranx heberi
111
Caranx ignobilis
111
Caranx melanopygus
111
Caranx papuensis
112
Caranx sexfasciatus
112
Caranx tille		
113

Carapidae		
55
Carcharhinidae
21
Carcharhinus macloti
21
Carcharhinus melanopterus 21
carponotatus, Lutjanus 129
cavitensis, Ostorhinchus 99
Centriscidae
61
Centriscus scutatus
61
Centroberyx druzhinini
57
Cephalopholis argus
80
Cephalopholis boenak
80
Cephalopholis cyanostigma 81
Cephalopholis igarashiensis 81
Cephalopholis miniata
81
Cephalopholis sexmaculata 82
Cephalopholis sonnerati 82
Cephalopholis urodeta
82
Cepola schlegelii
172
Cepolidae		
171
Cetoscarus ocellatus
186
Chaetodon baronessa
167
Chaetodon guentheri
167
Chaetodon kleinii
167
Chaetodon vagabundus 168
chaetodonoides, Plectorhinchus 143
Chaetodontidae
167
Champsodon atridorsalis 191
Champsodon cf. vorax
191
Champsodon nudivittus 191
Champsodontidae
191
Chanidae		46
Channa striata
216
Channidae		216
Chanos chanos
46
chanos, Chanos
46
cheesemanii, Lagocephalus 237
Cheilinus chlorourus
181
Cheilopogon arcticeps
64
Cheilopogon furcatus
65
Cheilopogon katoptron
65
Chelidoperca hirundinacea 83
Chelidoperca santosi
83
Chelon melinopterus
61
Chelon subviridis
62
Chimaeridae
19chinensis, Ctenotrypauchen 200
chinensis, Monacanthus 232
Chirocentridae
46
Chirocentrus dorab
46
chlorourus, Cheilinus
181
Chlorurus bleekeri
186
Chlorurus japanensis
186
Choerodon anchorago
182
Choerodon margaritiferus 182
Choerodon oligacanthus 182
Choerodon schoenleinii 183
choirocephalus, Paramonacanthus 233
Chromis mirationis
173
chryseres, Myripristis
57
chrysopleuron, Parupeneus 161
chrysorhynchus, Diaphus 52
chrysotaenia, Plectorhinchus 143
chrysozonus, Coradion 168
ciliaris, Alectis
104
cinerascens, Kyphosus
176
cinereus, Muraenesox
39
clarkii, Amphiprion
172
Clupeidae		
39

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

Coelorinchus argus
54
Coelorinchus macrorhynchus 54
coeruleopinnatus, Carangoides 107
coioides, Epinephelus
85
commerson, Scomberomorus 215
commersonianus, Scomberoides 116
commersonii, Fistularia 60
compressa, Canthigaster 236
Congridae		35
conspicillum, Balistoides 230
convexus convexus, Oxyporhamphus 66
Cookeolus japonicus
94
Coradion chrysozonus
168
corallicola, Epinephelus 85
cordyla, Megalaspis
116
cornuta, Aesopia
222
cornuta, Lactoria
235
cornutus, Zanclus
204
Coryphaena equiselis
103
Coryphaena hippurus
103
Coryphaenidae
103
cristatus, Samaris221
cristatus, Tentoriceps
210
Cromileptes altivelis
83
cruentatus, Heteropriacanthus 94
crumenophthalmus, Selar 118
Ctenochaetus striatus
206
Ctenotrypauchen chinensis 200
Cubiceps pauciradiatus 177
Cubiceps whiteleggii
178
cubicus, Ostracion
235
cuneatus, Pomacentrus 174
cuning, Caesio
138
curtorhynchos, Paramonacanthus 233
cuvier, Galeocerdo
22
cyanophrys, Psenes
179
cyanostigma, Cephalopholis 81
Cyclichthys orbicularis 239
Cyclichthys spilostylus
239
Cymbacephalus nematophthalmus 72
Cynoglossidae
226
Cynoglossus bilineatus 226
Cynoglossus cynoglossus 227
Cynoglossus kopsii
227
Cynoglossus maccullochi 228
Cynoglossus ochiaii
228
cynoglossus, Cynoglossus 227
cyprinoides, Megalops
27
Cypselurus longibarbus
65
Cypselurus naresii
65
cypselurus, Verulux
101
Dactyloptena macracantha 75
Dactyloptena orientalis
75
Dactyloptena peterseni
76
Dactyloptena tiltoni
76
Dactylopteridae
75
Dactylopus dactylopus
195
dactylopus, Dactylopus 195
Dasyatidae		25dea, Iniistius
184
Decapterus kurroides
113
Decapterus macarellus 113
Decapterus macrosoma 114
Decapterus russelli
114
Decapterus tabl
115
decussatus, Lutjanus
130
delicatulus, Spratelloides 42
Dendrophysa russelii
159
Deveximentum indicium 121
Deveximentum insidiator 122
Deveximentum megalolepis 122

Dexillus muelleri
223
Diagramma picta picta 142
diaphana, Lactoria
235
Diaphus chrysorhynchus 52
Diaphus fragilis52
digramma, Pterocaesio 138
dimidiatus, Scarus
187
dinema, Carangichthys 106
Diodon holocanthus
239
Diodontidae
239
Diploprion bifasciatum
84
diplospilus, Parapercis 189
Dipterygonotus balteatus 138
disper, Arius		
47
dispilonotus, Herklotsichthys 41
djedaba, Alepes
104
Doederleinia berycoides 78
dorab, Chirocentrus
46
Drepane punctata
166
Drepaneidae
166
druzhinini, Centroberyx
57
duodecimalis, Atherinomorus 63
dupliciocellatus, Pseudorhombus 217
dussumieri, Brama
125
Dussumieria acuta
40
Dussumieria elopsoides
40
Echeneidae		102
Echeneis naucrates
102
Egglestonichthys bombylios 198
Elagatis bipinnulata
115
Elates ransonnetii
72
Eleotridae		
196
Eleotris acanthopoma
196
Eleutheronema tetradactylum 180
Ellochelon vaigiensis
62
elongata, Siphamia
101
elongatus, Gymnocranius 153
Elopidae		
27
Elops hawaiiensis
27
elopsoides, Dussumieria 40
Emmelichthyidae
128
Emmelichthys struhsakeri 128
Encheliophis homei
55
Encrasicholina heteroloba 43
Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba 43
Encrasicholina punctifer 44
Engraulidae
43
Engraulis japonica
44
Engyprosopon grandisquama 219
entaxis, Neosebastes
67
Ephippidae		
201
Epinephelus amblycephalus 84
Epinephelus areolatus
84
Epinephelus coioides
85
Epinephelus corallicola
85
Epinephelus epistictus
85
Epinephelus fasciatus
86
Epinephelus heniochus
86
Epinephelus latifasciatus 86
Epinephelus merra
87
Epinephelus morrhua
87
Epinephelus ongus
87
Epinephelus polyphekadion 88
Epinephelus quoyanus
88
Epinephelus radiatus
88
Epinephelus sexfasciatus 89
Epinephelus undulosus
89
epistictus, Epinephelus
85
equiselis, Coryphaena
103
Equulites laterofenestra 122
Equulites oblongus
123

equulus, Leiognathus
124
eriomma, Parascolopsis 148
erumei, Psettodes
216
erythracanthus, Lethrinus 155
erythrourus, Gerres
140
Escualosa thoracata
40
Eubleekeria jonesi
123
Eubleekeria splendens
123
Euleptorhamphus viridis 63
Euthynnus affinis
212
evermanni, Symbolophorus 53
Exocoetidae
64
faber, Zeus		
59
fageni, Naso		
206
far, Hemiramphus
64
fasciatus, Epinephelus
86
fasciatus, Ostorhinchus
99
faughni, Rastrelliger
213
ferdau, Carangoides
108
ferruginea, Moringua
27
Fibramia lateralis
97
filamentosus, Abalistes
229
filamentosus, Gerres
140
filamentosus, Pristipomoides 136
Filimanus sealei
180
fimbriatus, Gymnothorax 29
Fistularia commersonii
60
Fistularia petimba
61
Fistularidae
60
flavimarginatus, Pseudobalistes 231
flavobrunneum, Lepidocybium 209
forsteri, Sphyraena
208
fragilis, Diaphus
52
fronticinctus, Cantherhines 232
fucata, Taeniamia
101
fulviflamma, Lutjanus
130
fulvoguttatus, Carangoides 108
fulvus, Lutjanus
130
furcatus, Cheilopogon
65
furcosus, Nemipterus
146
fuscescens, Siganus
202
Galeocerdo cuvier
22
Gazza minuta
124
Gempylidae
209
Gempylus serpens
209
Genicanthus lamarck170
genivittatus, Lethrinus
155
Gerreidae		
140
Gerres erythrourus
140
Gerres filamentosus
140
Gerres macracanthus
140
Gerres oyena
141
Gerres shima141
ghobban, Scarus
187
gibbosa, Sardinella
41
gibbosus, Plectorhinchus 143
gibbus, Lutjanus
131
Glaucosoma buergeri
166
Glaucosomatidae
166
glossa, Plagiopsetta
221
Glossogobius aureus
198
Gnathanodon speciousus 115
Gobiidae		
197
Gonorynchidae
46
Gonorynchus abbreviatus 46
gracilis, Spratelloides
43
Gracilla albomarginata
89
Grammatobothus polyophthalmus 220
Grammatorcynus bilineatus 212
grandisquama, Engyprosopon 219
grandoculis, Gymnocranius 154

241

griseus, Gymnocranius 154
guentheri, Callionymus 193
guentheri, Chaetodon167
gushikeni, Ryukyupercis 190
guttatus, Siganus
202
guttatus, Upeneus
162
Gymnocranius elongatus 153
Gymnocranius grandoculis 154
Gymnocranius griseus
154
gymnostethus, Carangoides 109
Gymnothorax fimbriatus 29
Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus 29
Gymnothorax sp.
30
Haemulidae
142
Halaelurus buergeri
20
Halichoeres hartzfeldii 183
Halieutaea stellata
56
hamrur, Priacanthus
95
Hapalogenyidae
142
Hapalogenys kishinouyei 142
harak, Lethrinus
156
hartzfeldii, Halichoeres 183
hartzfeldii, Heteromycteris 223
hawaiiensis, Elops
27
heberi, Caranx
111
hedlandensis, Carangoides 109
helvola, Uraspis
120
Hemiramphidae
63
Hemiramphus archipelagicus 64
Hemiramphus far
64
Hemiramphus lutkei
64
Heniochus acuminatus
168
heniochus, Epinephelus
86
heptacanthus, Parupeneus 161
Herklotsichthys dispilonotus 41
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus 41
Heterodontidae
19
Heterodontus zebra
19heteroloba, Encrasicholina 43
Heteromycteris hartzfeldii 223
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus 94
hexagona, Myripristis
58
hexodon, Nemipterus
146
hians, Ablennes
66
Himantura uarnak
25
hime, Lepidotrigla
70
hippurus, Coryphaena
103
Hirundichthys oxycephalus 66
hirundinacea, Chelidoperca 83
hispidus, Antennarius
55
Histiopterus typus
170
Histrio histrio
56
histrio, Histrio
56
holocanthus, Diodon
239
Holocentridae
57
homei, Encheliophis
55
hongkongiensis, Opistognathus 93
Hoplobrotula armata
55
Hoplolatilus randalli
102
Hoplostethus metallicus
59
humeralis, Butis
195
Hydrolagus purpurescens 19
hypargyreus, Thamnaconus 234
Hypoatherina temminckii 63
igarashiensis, Cephalopholis 81
ignobilis, Caranx
111
imperator, Pomacanthus 170
incisa, Strongylura
66
indica, Acanthocepola
171
indicium, Deveximentum 121
indicum, Ariomma
179

242

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)indicus, Alectis
104
indicus, Parupeneus
162
indicus, Platycephalus
73
indicus, Stolephorus
44
Inegocia japonica
72
inermis, Parascolopsis 149
Iniistius dea		
184
Iniistius sp.		
184
Inimicus sinensis
69
insidiator, Deveximentum 122
intermedia, Trypauchenopsis 200
interrupta, Ambassis
77
isarankurai, Saurida
48
japanensis, Chlorurus
186
japonica, Engraulis
44japonica, Inegocia
72
japonica, Lestolepis
51
japonicus, Callionymus 193
japonicus, Cookeolus
94
japonicus, Nemipterus
146
japonicus, Ostichthys
58
japonicus, Synagrops
79
japonicus, Upeneus
162
jarbua, Terapon
176
javanicus, Pseudorhombus 217
Jaydia albomarginata
97
Jaydia poecilopterus
98
Jaydia smithi
98
Jaydia striatodes
98
Jaydia truncatus99
jello, Sphyraena
208
johnii, Lutjanus
131
Johnius amblycephalus 159
Johnius borneensis
159
jonesi, Eubleekeria
123
kanagurta, Rastrelliger 214
katayamai, Symphysanodon 93
katoptron, Cheilopogon
65
Katsuwonus pelamis
212kishinouyei, Hapalogenys 142
kleini, Alepes
105
kleinii, Chaetodon
167
kobensis, Aseraggodes
222
koilomatodon, Butis
196
kopsii, Cynoglossus
227
kurroides, Decapterus
113
kusakarii, Paracaesio
134
Kyphosidae		
176
Kyphosus cinerascens
176
Kyphosus vaigiensis
177
Labridae		
181
Lactoria cornuta
235
Lactoria diaphana
235
laevis, Plectropomus
90
Lagocephalus cheesemanii 237
Lagocephalus lunaris
237
Lagocephalus spadiceus 238
lamarck, Genicanthus
170
lambdastigma, Leptojulis 185
lanae, Pristiophorus
23
lateralis, Fibramia
97
laterofenestra, Equulites 122
Lates calcarifer
77
laticeps, Satyrichthys
71
Latidae		
77
latifasciatus, Epinephelus 86
leiogaster, Amblygaster39
Leiognathidae
121
Leiognathus equulus
124
lentjan, Lethrinus
156
leopardus, Plectropomus 91

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum 209
Lepidotrigla hime
70
Lepidotrigla sp.
70
Leptojulis lambdastigma 185
leptolepis, Selaroides
118
lepturus, Trichiurus
210
lepturus, Uroconger
38
Lestolepis japonica
51
Lethrinidae		
153
Lethrinus atkinsoni
155
Lethrinus erythracanthus 155
Lethrinus genivittatus
155
Lethrinus harak
156
Lethrinus lentjan
156
Lethrinus microdon
156
Lethrinus nebulosus
156
Lethrinus obsoletus
157
Lethrinus olivaceus
157
Lethrinus ornatus
157
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus 158
leucogrammicus, Anyperodon 80
leurynnis, Acanthosphex 69
lewisi, Pinjalo
135
Liachirus melanospilus 224
lineatus, Plotosus
48
Lobotes surinamensis
139
Lobotidae		
139
longibarbus, Cypselurus 65
longiceps, Sardinella cf. 42
longimanus, Pentaprion 141
longispinis, Paracentropogon 69
loxozonus, Bodianus
181
lunaris, Lagocephalus
237
Lutjanidae		128
Lutjanus argentimaculatus 128
Lutjanus bengalensis
129
Lutjanus bohar
129
Lutjanus carponotatus
129
Lutjanus decussatus
130
Lutjanus fulviflamma
130
Lutjanus fulvus
130
Lutjanus gibbus
131
Lutjanus johnii
131
Lutjanus lutjanus
131
Lutjanus malabaricus
132
Lutjanus mizenkoi
132
Lutjanus monostigma
132
Lutjanus quinquelineatus 133
Lutjanus rivulatus
133
Lutjanus russellii
133
Lutjanus sebae
134
Lutjanus vitta
134
lutjanus, Lutjanus131lutkei, Hemiramphus
64
lymma, Taeniura
26
macarellus, Decapterus 113
maccullochi, Cynoglossus 228
macloti, Carcharhinus
21
macracantha, Dactyloptena 75
macracanthus, Gerres
140
macracanthus, Priacanthus 95
macracanthus, Suggrundus 74
macrocephala, Onigocia 73
macrops, Synodus
50
macrorhynchus, Coelorinchus 54
macrosoma, Decapterus 114
Macrouridae
54
maculata, Canthidermis 230
maculate, Mene
103
maculatus, Plectropomus 91
maculatus, Pomadasys 144

Mahidolia mystacina
198
major, Ariosoma
36
malabaricus, Lutjanus
132
Malacanthidae
102
malayana, Antigonia
60
malayanus, Pseudorhombus 218
manazo, Mustelus
20
manilensis, Arothron
236
margalitifer, Scolopsis
151
margaritiferus, Choerodon 182
marmorata, Oxyeleotris 196
mata, Acanthurus
205
mate, Atule		
105
meeki, Ariosoma
36
Megalaspis cordyla
116
megalolepis, Deveximentum 122
Megalopidae
27
Megalops cyprinoides
27
melanocephalus, Awaous 197
melanoptera, Alepes
105
melanopterus, Carcharhinus 21
melanopygus, Caranx
111
melanospilus, Liachirus 224
Melichthys vidua
230
melinopterus, Chelon
61
Mene maculate
103
Menidae		103
mentalis, Ulua
120
meridionalis, Callionymus 194
merra, Epinephelus
87
metallicus, Hoplostethus 59
microcephalus, Paratrypauchen 200
microchir, Moringua
28
microdon, Lethrinus
156
microstomus, Polydactylus 180
miniata, Cephalopholis
81
minuta, Gazza
124
miops, Ambassis
78
mirationis, Chromis
173
misolensis, Yirrikala
35
mizenkoi, Lutjanus
132
moluccensis, Upeneus
163
Monacanthidae
231
Monacanthus chinensis 232
monoceros, Aluterus
231
monogramma, Scolopsis 151
monostigma, Lutjanus
132
Moolgarda perusii
62
Moringua abbreviata
27
Moringua ferruginea
27
Moringua microchir
28
Moringua sp.
28
Moringuidae
27
morrhua, Epinephelus
87
muelleri, Dexillus
223
Mugilidae		
61
Mullidae		161
multidens, Pristipomoides 136
multifasciatus, Parupeneus 162
multilineatus, Thamnaconus 234
Muraenesocidae
38
Muraenesox bagio
38
Muraenesox cinereus
39
Muraenichthys thompsoni 31
Muraenidae
29
muraenolepis, Ophidion 55
muronis, Parapercis
189
Mustelus manazo
20
Myctophidae
52
Myctophum asperum
53
Myripristis amaena
57

Myripristis chryseres
57
Myripristis hexagona
58
mystacina, Mahidolia
198
nagasakiensis, Pentapodus 150
nalua, Ambassis
78
naresii, Cypselurus
65
Naso fageni		
206
Naso sp. 1		
207
Naso sp. 2		
207
Naso sp. 3		
207
Naso tergus		
207
naucrates, Echeneis
102
nebulosa, Saurida
49
nebulosus, Lethrinus
156
nebulosus, Yongeichthys 200
Neenchelys parvipectoralis 32
neglecta, Scorpaenopsis 68
nematophorus, Nemipterus 147
nematophthalmus, Cymbacephalus 72
nematopus, Nemipterus 147
Nemipteridae
145
Nemipterus aurora
145
Nemipterus balinensoides 145
Nemipterus bathybius
145
Nemipterus furcosus
146
Nemipterus hexodon
146
Nemipterus japonicus
146
Nemipterus nematophorus 147
Nemipterus nematopus 147
Nemipterus zysron
147
Neosebastes entaxis
67
Neosebastidae
67
Neotrygon orientalis
26
nibe, Atrobucca
158
Nibea semifasciata
159
niger, Apogonichthyoides 97
niger, Parastromateus
116
niger, Scarus
188
nigricaudus, Acanthurus 205
nigrocincta, Ostorhinchus 100
nigrofasciata, Seriolina 119
niphonia, Pristigenys
96
Nomeidae		
177
Novaculops sp.
185
nudivittus, Champsodon 191
oblongus, Carangichthys 106
oblongus, Equulites
123
obsoletus, Lethrinus
157
obtusata, Sphyraena
208
obtusirostris, Pristotis
174
ocellaris, Awaous
197
ocellatus, Cetoscarus
186
ocellatus, Parachaetodon 169
ochiaii, Cynoglossus
228
oculeus, Synodus
50
Odontanthias unimaculatus 90
Ogcocephalidae
56
Okamejei sp.
24
oligacanthus, Choerodon 182
oligacanthus, Plectropomus 92
oligodon, Pseudorhombus 218
olivaceus, Lethrinus
157
ongus, Epinephelus
87
Onigocia macrocephala73
Ophichthidae
31
Ophichthus sp.
33
Ophidiidae		
55
Ophidion muraenolepis
55
Opistognathidae
93
Opistognathus hongkongiensis 93
Oplopomus caninoides 199

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

orbicularis, Cyclichthys 239
orcini, Brama
126
orientalis, Dactyloptena 75
orientalis, Neotrygon
26orientalis, Sarda
214
ornatus, Lethrinus
157
Ostichthys japonicus
58
Ostorhinchus cavitensis
99
Ostorhinchus fasciatus
99
Ostorhinchus nigrocincta 100
Ostorhinchus pleuron
100
Ostraciidae		
235
Ostracion cubicus
235
Otolithes ruber
160
ovata, Solea		
225
Oxudercidae
200
oxycephalus, Hirundichthys 66
Oxycheilinus samurai
185
Oxyeleotris marmorata 196
Oxyporhamphus convexus convexus 66
Oxyurichthys auchenolepis 199
oyena, Gerres
141
pacificus, Acanthopagrus 153
papuensis, Caranx
112
Paracaesio kusakarii
134
Paracaesio stonei
135
Paracaesio xanthura
135
Paracentropogon longispinis 69
Parachaetodon ocellatus 169
Parachaeturichthys polynema 199
Paralepididae
51
Paralichthyidae
216
Paramonacanthus choirocephalus 233
Paramonacanthus curtorhynchos 233
Paramonacanthus pusillus 233
Parapercis alboguttata 189
Parapercis bicoloripes
189
Parapercis diplospilus
189
Parapercis muronis
189
Parapercis sp. 1
190
Parapercis sp. 2
190
Parapriacanthus ransonneti 165
Parascolopsis eriomma 148
Parascolopsis inermis
149
Parascolopsis tanyactis 149
Parastromateus niger
116
Paratrypauchen microcephalus 200
Pardachirus pavoninus 224
Parupeneus barberinus 161
Parupeneus chrysopleuron 161
Parupeneus heptacanthus 161
Parupeneus indicus
162
Parupeneus multifasciatus 162
parvipectoralis, Neenchelys 32
pauciradiata, Brama
126
pauciradiatus, Cubiceps 177
pavoninus, Pardachirus 224
Pegasidae		
60
Pegasus volitans
60
pelamis, Katsuwonus
212
Pelates quadrilineatus
175
Pempheridae
165
Pennahia anea
160
Pentacerotidae
170
Pentapodus bifasciatus 150
Pentapodus nagasakiensis 150
Pentapodus setosus
150
Pentapodus trivittatus
151
Pentaprion longimanus 141
Peristediidae
71
perusii, Moolgarda
62

peterseni, Dactyloptena
76
petimba, Fistularia
61
philippinensis, Synagrops 79
Photolateralis stercorarius 124
Photopectoralis bindus 125
Phyllichthys sp.
225
picta, Diagramma
142
Pinguipedidae
189
Pinjalo lewisi
135
pinnatus, Platax
201
pisang, Pterocaesio
139
Pisodonophis boro
33
Pisodonophis cancrivorus 34
Plagiopsetta glossa
221
plagiotaenia, Carangoides 110
Platax batavianus
201
Platax pinnatus
201
Platax teira		
201
Platycephalidae
72
Platycephalus indicus
73
platycephalus, Callionymus 194
plebeius, Polydactylus
181
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides 143
Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia 143
Plectorhinchus gibbosus 143
Plectropomus laevis
90
Plectropomus leopardus 91
Plectropomus maculatus 91
Plectropomus oligacanthus 92
pleuron, Ostorhinchus
100
Plicofollis argyropleuron 47
Plotosidae		48
Plotosus canius
48
Plotosus lineatus48
poecilopterus, Jaydia
98
polyacanthus, Amioides
96
Polydactylus microstomus 180
Polydactylus plebeius
181
polymnus, Amphiprion
173
polynema, Parachaeturichthys 199
Polynemidae
180
polyophthalmus, Grammatobothus 220
polyphekadion, Epinephelus 88
Pomacanthidae
170
Pomacanthus imperator 170
Pomacentridae
172
Pomacentrus adelus
174
Pomacentrus cuneatus
174
Pomadasys argenteus
144
Pomadasys argyreus
144
Pomadasys maculatus
144
Pomadasys trifasciatus 145
praeustus, Carangoides 110
Priacanthidae
94
Priacanthus blochii
94
Priacanthus hamrur
95
Priacanthus macracanthus 95
Priacanthus sagittarius
95
Priacanthus tayenus
96
Pristigenys niphonia
96
Pristiophoridae
23
Pristiophorus lanae
23
Pristipomoides filamentosus 136
Pristipomoides multidens 136
Pristipomoides sieboldii 136
Pristipomoides typus
137
Pristotis obtusirostris174
prometheus, Promethichthys 209
Promethichthys prometheus 209
Psammoperca waigiensis 77
Psenes arafurensis
178

Psenes cyanophrys
179
Psettodes erumei
216
Psettodidae		216
Pseudanthias rubrizonatus 92
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus 231
pseudoheteroloba, Encrasicholina 43
Pseudorhombus arsius
216
Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus 217
Pseudorhombus javanicus 217
Pseudorhombus malayanus 218
Pseudorhombus oligodon 218
pseudothyrsoideus, Gymnothorax 29
Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer 229
Pterocaesio digramma
138
Pterocaesio pisang
139
Pterocaesio tessellata
139
Pterocaesio tile
139
Pterois russelii
67
Pterois volitans
68
puellus, Siganus
203
punctata, Drepane
166
punctatus, Siganus
203
punctifer, Encrasicholina 44
purpurescens, Hydrolagus 19
pusillus, Paramonacanthus 233
quadrilineatus, Pelates 175
quadrimaculatus, Herklotsichthys 41
quagga, Zebrias
226
quinquelineatus, Lutjanus 133
quoyanus, Epinephelus
88
quoyi, Scarus
188
Rachycentridae
102
Rachycentron canadum 102
radiatus, Epinephelus
88
Rajidae		24
ramaraoi, Scorpaenopsis 68
randalli, Hoplolatilus
102
ransonneti, Parapriacanthus 165
ransonnetii, Elates
72
Rastrelliger brachysoma 213
Rastrelliger faughni
213
Rastrelliger kanagurta
214
reipublicae, Tetrosomus 236
Rexea bengalensis
210
Rhabdamia spilota
100
Rhinobatidae
24
Rhinobatos borneensis
24
Rhinobatos whitei
24
rivoliana, Seriola
119
rivulatus, Lutjanus
133
rivulatus, Scarus
188
Roa sp.		
169
rochei rochei, Auxis
211
rogaa, Aethaloperca
79
Rogadius tuberculatus
74
ruber, Otolithes
160
rubescens, Taractes
127
rubicunda, Antigonia
60
rubrioperculatus, Lethrinus 158
rubrizonatus, Pseudanthias 92
rubroviolaceus, Scarus 188
rubrum, Sargocentron
59
russelii, Dendrophysa
159
russelii, Pterois
67
russelli, Decapterus
114
russellii, Lutjanus
133
rutilans, Aphareus
128
Ryukyupercis gushikeni 190
sagittarius, Priacanthus 95
Samaridae		
221
Samaris cristatus
221

243

samurai, Oxycheilinus
185
santosi, Chelidoperca
83
Sarda orientalis
214
Sardinella cf. longiceps
42
Sardinella gibbosa
41
Sardinella sp.
42
Sargocentron rubrum
59
sathete, Strophidon
30
Satyrichthys laticeps
71
Satyrichthys welchi
71
Saurida isarankurai
48
Saurida nebulosa
49
Saurida sp. 1
49
Saurida sp. 2
49
Saurida sp. 3
50
Scaridae		
186
Scarus dimidiatus
187
Scarus ghobban
187
Scarus niger
188
Scarus quoyi
188
Scarus rivulatus
188
Scarus rubroviolaceus
188
Scatophagidae
202
Scatophagus argus
202
schaapi, Callionymus
195
scheelei, Ariosoma
37
schlegelii, Cepola
172
schoenleinii, Choerodon 183
Sciaenidae		
158
Scolopsis margalitifer
151
Scolopsis monogramma 151
Scolopsis taenioptera
152
Scolopsis vosmeri
152
Scomber australasicus
214
Scomberoides commersonianus 116
Scomberoides tala
117
Scomberoides tol
117
Scomberomorus commerson 215
Scombridae
211
Scorpaenidae
67
Scorpaenopsis neglecta
68
Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi 68
scriptus, Aluterus
231
scutatus, Centriscus
61
Scyliorhinidae
20
sealei, Filimanus
180
sebae, Lutjanus
134
Selar boops		
118
Selar crumenophthalmus 118
Selaroides leptolepis
118
semifasciata, Nibea
159
Seriola rivoliana
119
Seriolina nigrofasciata 119
serpens, Gempylus
209
Serranidae		
79
setifer, Xiphasia
192
setiger, Trichonotus
190
setosus, Pentapodus
150
sexfasciatus, Caranx
112
sexfasciatus, Epinephelus 89
sexmaculata, Cephalopholis 82
shima, Gerres
141
sieboldii, Pristipomoides 136
Siganidae		
202
Siganus fuscescens
202
Siganus guttatus
202
Siganus puellus
203
Siganus punctatus
203
Siganus spinus
203
Siganus virgatus
204
sihama, Sillago
160

244

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Sillaginidae		
160
Sillago aeolus
160
Sillago sihama
160
sinensis, Inimicus
69
Siphamia elongata
101sirm, Amblygaster
40
Skythrenchelys zabra
34smithi, Jaydia
98
solandri, Acanthocybium 211
Solea ovata		
225
Soleidae		222
sonnerati, Cephalopholis 82
spadiceus, Lagocephalus 238
Sparidae		
153
speciousus, Gnathanodon 115
Sphyraena forsteri
208
Sphyraena jello208
Sphyraena obtusata
208
Sphyraenidae
208
spilostylus, Cyclichthys 239
spilota, Rhabdamia
100
spinus, Siganus
203
splendens, Eubleekeria 123
Spratelloides delicatulus 42
Spratelloides gracilis
43
Squalidae		
22
Squalus altipinnis
22
Squalus brevirostris23
steindachneri, Taractichthys 127
stellata, Halieutaea
56
stellatus, Abalistes
229
stenopsis, Upeneus
163
stercorarius, Photolateralis 124
Stolephorus indicus
44
Stolephorus sp.
45
Stolephorus waitei
45
stonei, Paracaesio
135
striata, Channa216
striatodes, Jaydia
98
striatus, Antennarius
56
striatus, Ctenochaetus
206
strigilifer, Pseudotriacanthus 229
Strongylura incisa
66
Strophidon sathete
30
Strophidon sp.
30

struhsakeri, Emmelichthys 128
subviridis, Chelon
62
subvittatus, Upeneus
163
Suggrundus macracanthus 74
sulphureus, Upeneus
164
sundaicus, Upeneus
164
surinamensis, Lobotes
139
Symbolophorus evermanni 53
Symbolophorus sp.
53
Symphysanodon katayamai 93
Symphysanodontidae
93
Synagrops japonicus
79
Synagrops philippinensis 79
Synanceiidae
69
Synodontidae
48
Synodus macrops
50
Synodus oculeus
50
Synodus tectus
51
tabl, Decapterus
115
Taeniamia fucata
101
taenioptera, Scolopsis
152
Taeniura lymma
26
tala, Scomberoides
117
tanyactis, Parascolopsis 149
Taractes rubescens
127
Taractichthys steindachneri 127
tayenus, Priacanthus
96
tectus, Synodus
51
teira, Platax		
201
temminckii, Hypoatherina 63
Tentoriceps cristatus
210
Terapon jarbua
176
Terapon theraps
176
Terapontidae
175
tergus, Naso		
207
tessellata, Pterocaesio
139
tessellatus, Thamnaconus 234
tetradactylum, Eleutheronema 180
Tetraodontidae
236
Tetrarogidae
69
Tetrosomus reipublicae 236
Thamnaconus hypargyreus 234
Thamnaconus multilineatus 234
Thamnaconus tessellatus 234
thazard, Auxis
211

theraps, Terapon
176
thompsoni, Muraenichthys 31
thoracata, Escualosa
40
Thunnus albacares
215
Thunnus tonggol
215
tile, Pterocaesio
139
tille, Caranx		
113
tiltoni, Dactyloptena
76
tol, Scomberoides
117
tonggol, Thunnus
215
Torquigener brevipinnis 238
Trachichthyidae
59
Trachinocephalus trachinus 51
trachinus, Trachinocephalus 51
tragula, Upeneus
165
Triacanthidae
229
Triakidae		
20
Trichiuridae
210
Trichiurus lepturus
210
Trichonotidae
190
Trichonotus setiger
190
trifasciatus, Pomadasys 145
Triglidae		
70
trivittatus, Pentapodus
151
truncatus, Jaydia
99
Trypauchenopsis intermedia 200
tuberculatus, Rogadius
74
typus, Histiopterus
170
typus, Pristipomoides
137
typus, Xiphocheilus
185
uarnak, Himantura
25
Ulua mentalis
120
undulosus, Epinephelus
89
unimaculatus, Odontanthias 90
Upeneus guttatus
162
Upeneus japonicus
162
Upeneus moluccensis
163
Upeneus stenopsis
163
Upeneus subvittatus
163
Upeneus sulphureus
164
Upeneus sundaicus
164
Upeneus tragula
165
Upeneus vittatus
165
Uranoscopidae
192
Uranoscopus affinis
192

Uranoscopus bicinctus 192
Uraspis helvola
120
Uraspis uraspis
121
uraspis, Uraspis
121
Uroconger lepturus38
urodeta, Cephalopholis
82
Urolophidae
25
Urolophus aurantiacus
25
vagabundus, Chaetodon 168
vaigiensis, Abudefduf
172
vaigiensis, Ellochelon
62
vaigiensis, Kyphosus
177
Variola albimarginata
92
Verulux cypselurus
101
vidua, Melichthys
230
virescens, Aprion
128
virgatus, Siganus
204
viridis, Euleptorhamphus 63
vitta, Lutjanus
134
vittatus, Upeneus
165
volitans, Pegasus
60
volitans, Pterois
68vorax, Champsodon cf. 191
vosmeri, Scolopsis
152
waigiensis, Psammoperca 77
waitei, Stolephorus
45
welchi, Satyrichthys
71
whitei, Rhinobatos
24
whiteleggii, Cubiceps
178
xanthopterus, Acanthurus 206
xanthura, Paracaesio
135
Xiphasia setifer
192
Xiphocheilus typus
185
Yirrikala misolensis
35
Yongeichthys nebulosus 200
zabra, Skythrenchelys
34
Zanclidae		
204
Zanclus cornutus
204
zebra, Heterodontus
19
Zebrias quagga
226
Zeidae		59
Zeus faber		
59
zysron, Nemipterus
147

Commercial and Bycatch Market Fishes of Panay Island, Republic of the Philippines

245

Back cover images
New species discovered during this project from Panay Island:
upper, Parapercis sp.; lower, Oxycheilinus samurai

246

H. Motomura · U. B. Alama · N. Muto · R. P. Babaran · S. Ishikawa (eds)

Ichthyological Publications by the Kagoshima University Museum

Motomura, H. and S. Ishikawa (eds.). 2013.
Fish collection building and procedures
manual. English edition. Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima andResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature,
Kyoto. 70 pp.

Motomura, H. (ed.). 2009. Fish collectionbuilding and procedures manual. Japaneseedition. Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima. 70 pp.

Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak(eds.). 2011. Fishes of Terengganu - east
coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia.
National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tokyo, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Terengganu, and Kagoshima University
Museum, Kagoshima. viii + 251 pp., 678
figs.

Yoshida, T., H. Motomura, P. Musikasinthorn and K . Matsuura (eds.). 2013. Fishesof northern Gulf of Thailand. National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba,
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,
Kyoto, and Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima. viii + 239 pp., 621 figs.

Motomura, H. and K. Matsuura (eds.).
2010. Fishes of Yaku-shima Island - A
World Heritage island in the Osumi Group,
Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan.
National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tokyo. viii + 264 pp., 704 figs.

Motomura, H., S. Dewa, K. Furuta and K.
Matsuura (eds.). 2013. Fishes of Ioujima and Take-shima islands, Mishima,
Kagoshima, Japan. Kagoshima University
Museum, Kagoshima and National Museumof Nature and Science, Tsukuba. 390 pp.,
883 figs.

Motomura, H. and K. Matsuura (eds.).
2014. Field guide to fishes of Yoron Islandin the middle of the Ryukyu Islands,
Japan. Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima and National Museum of Natureand Science, Tsukuba. 648 pp., 1808 figs.

Matsunuma, M., Y. Fukui and H. Motomura (eds.). 2016. Freshwater fishesof Kagoshima Ctiy, southern Kyushu,
Japan. Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima. 86 pp., 221 figs.

Iwatsubo, H., S. Kato and H. Motomura(eds.). 2016. Field guide to fishes of Ei
in southern Kyushu, Japan. Kagoshima
Museum of Aquatic Biodiversity, Makurazaki, Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima, and Seahorse Ways, Minamikyushu. 80 pp., 192 figs.

Koeda, K., Y. Hibino, T. Yoshida, Y.
Kimura, R. Miki, T. Kunishima, D. Sasaki,
T. Furukawa, M. Sakurai, K. Eguchi, H.
Suzuki, T. Inaba, T. Uejo, S. Tanaka, M.
Fujisawa, H. Wada and T. Uchiyama. 2016.
Annotated checklist of fishes of Yonagunijima island, the westernmost island inJapan. Kagoshima University Museum,Kagoshima. v + 120 pp., 523 figs.

Most publications listed above can be downloaded fromhttp://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/dl_en.html