Preparedness
after Great East Japan
Earthquake & Tsunami
Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction
Februrary 2016

Masao Nishikawa Ph.D.
Vi Mi i t forVice‐Ministerf Policy
P li Coordination
C di tiCabinet Office
Government of JapanI‐a. Great East Japan
Earthquake & Tsunami

2

Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (March 11, 2011)

Tsunami Disaster
Miyako City,
City Iwate Prefecture
Courtesy of Tarocho Fisheries
Cooperative Association

3

Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (March 11, 2011)

Widespread Inundation
Miyagi Prefecture,Prefecture 12 March 20114

Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (March 11, 2011)
Catastrophic Damage
Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture, 14 March 2011
Courtesy of Tokyo Fire Department

5Damage caused by Great East Japan Earthquake
Estimated Economic Damage
ItemDamage (approx.)(approx )Buildings

10.4 trillion yen(87 billion dollars)

Lifeline facilities

1.3 trillion yen(11 billion dollars)Social basic facilities

2.2
2
2 trillion yen(18 billion dollars)

Agriculture, forestry, andfi h ifisheries

1.9 trillion yen(16 billionbilli dollars)d ll )

Others

1.1 trillion yen(9 billion dollars)

Total16.9 trillion yen(141 billion dollars)

Human Loss / Damage• Casualties:
Cl i 15,891
15 891as of 11 Mar 2015

• Missing: 2,584

as of 11 Mar 2015

• Evacuees:
Max 470,000
470 0006

II‐bb. Lessons from GEJE & T

7Shinkansen; Investment
and Build Back Better
ししはくめ

East Japan Earthquake Picture Project Web service
by Yahoo! JAPAN8

RecoveryQuickof Expressways;
Prior Agreement
Recovery Operation• Emergency recovery operation of Tohoku Expressway (the longest
expressway in Japan) had done on 22 March, just 11 days later of theoccurrence of the disaster.
• The 16 Pre‐Disaster Cooperation Agreements between governments andpenabled the quickq
recoveryy of highways
gy andlocal construction companies
roads including the Toholu Expressway.
• It contributed not only to the transportation of the emergency relief
supplies but also recovery of the economy in Japansupplies,Japan.

Six days later

JobanExpressways

9Lessons We’ve Leant from GEJE&T

P i Investmet
PriorIt t
Build Back Better
Prior Arrangement/Agreement
10Roadmap for Recovery from a DisasterJanuary 2016

Recovery and reconstruction phase

Intensive recovery phase
16.4

2016.1

Support toaffected people

Number of evacuees
182K people(470K people at the peak)

Reconstructionof residence/
Reconstruction
community
planning

Completion

17.4

18.4

19.4

20.4

21.3

Physical and Mental Health Care for
affected people, community
formation, “reconstruction of hear”

Expected for the endof FY2015

Expected for the endof FY2016

Relocation to higher ground: 45％
Public residence for affected people:
59％

Relocation to higher ground:70％
Public residence for affectedpeople: 86％
Continue promoting acceleration
measures, and Provide carefully
crafted support to cities, towns andvillages

Relocation to higher ground: 30％
Public residence for affected people:
47％

Start
Relocation
Rli to higher
hi h ground:d 99％
Public residence for affected people:
95％

Expected for the endof FY2018
Projects to ensure
residence to bealmost completed.
FY2018
Fukushima‐Soma
Fukushima
Soma
Road and Kamaishi‐
Hanamaki Road to beopened.

*As of the end of
September 2015

FY2019Sanriku Coastal Road
(90% of the area
between Sendai andKamaishi) to be opened.

Mining and Manufacturing Production
Has already recovered at the level of pre‐earthquake

Revitalization ofindustries andbusinesses

Agriculture
Areas which can be started re‐farming: 74％

Marine Product Processing

Support opening up of a new marketand development of new products,
support of reconstruction of local
shopping areas

85% of all facilities have been re‐opened

Tourism

Number of foreign visitors: 65％(162% ffor theh entirei country))*In comparison with 2010

2020: Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games
2021 March: Reconstruction and revitalization phase to be ended.
(The end of the Reconstruction Agency to be authorized to operateoperate.))11II. The Third UN World
Conference on Disaster RiskReduction in Sendai, 2015

12

The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction• Date: 14‐18 March 2015
• Venue: Sendai CityCity, JAPAN• Participation:
More than 100 ministers(25 Heads of States and Governments)
More than 6
6,500
500 participants≪Outcome≫• Adoption of Sendai Framework for
DDR 2015‐2030
2015 2030• Adoption of Sendai Declaration• Sendai DRR Cooperative Initiative(b Prime Minister ABE))(by13

Training on the Promotion of Women’s leadership inDisaster Risk Reduction
JICA’s Invitation Program
Invitation Program on Genderd andd Diversity
in Disaster Risk Reduction
Objectives: Learn challenges and good practices on
preparedness, emergency response, recovery andreconstruction, in terms of gender and diversity, from thepast experiences
ioff disasters
diini Japan andd participant
i icountries, and then discuss the enhancement of disaster
responses
pand ggender
Period: 21 February – 6 March 2016
Participant countries: Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal,
Bangladesh, Philippines, Viet Nam
Number of participants: Total 21 participants from 3 countries
14III. Tsunami
III
Preparedness throughAwareness15

Possible Nankai Trough Earthquake
Nankai Trough Earthquake
Probability of a large, M8‐M9 class earthquake
occurring within 30 years: appx. 70%→Estimated Death Tolls: About 323,000 persons
Fire
About 10,000persons(3.1%)

OthersAbout 1,000 persons (0.3%)
Collapsed Building:About 82,000 persons(25 4%)(25.4%)
TsunamiAbout 230,000persons(71 2%)(71.2%)

Assumptions: Winter, mid‐night,
wind speed : 8m/s, low early evacuation rate

Trench‐type Earthquake

16Effects of Anti‐tsunami Measures
f theforth Nankai
N k i TroughTh EEarthquake
th k

About 93,000persons)

About 164,000persons

About 77,000
persons

About 60,000persons

L EarlyLow
E l Evacuation
Eti Rate
R t

Hi h EarlyHigh
E l Evacuation
Eti Rate
R t

Hard meaasures (Public assistaance)

About 117,000persons)

Effective use
u ofevacuation buildings

About 230,000persons)Excluding efffects ofeevacuation buuildings

Fatalities caused by the Tsunami

100% IImmediate
di t Evacuation
Eti

Speed up of starting evacuation

Soft measures (Self‐help/Communal assistance)
Assumptions: the Tokai region is severely damaged.
17Tsunami Drills in Japan
In Japan, tsunami drills are executed around November 5, theday of Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day
Number of groups which conducted drills in FY2015: 287 (Oct 31‐Nov 8)
1. National government level
9 ministries and agencies (7 for the lastyear): Cabinet Office, National Police
Agency, Fire and Disaster Management
Agency,g y, Ministryy of Justice,, MOF,, METI,,MLIT, JMA, JCG

2. Local government level

172 (124 for the last year): 10
prefectures, 162 cities, towns,and villages

3. Business and community level

106 businesses andcommunity groups (49 forthe last year)18

A Commemorative Event for November 5th,
Tsunami Preparedness DayDay”“Tsunami

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe speaking on Tsunami Preparedness at theevent (Cited from the PMʼs office website)

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Minister of State Taro Kono striking“Tsunami Preparedness” pose, together with “Tsunami Bosai
Promotion Squad”
IIntroducingt d i
new membersboff
the Tsunami Bosai Promotion
Squad, who are presenting eachareaʼs initiatives for tsunami
preparedness19

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