ACDR 2016 in Phuket
25 February 2016

DRI

Japan: Earthquake-Prone Islands

HYOGO
PREFECTURE○Japan’s land area: 0.25％ of the world○20% of over M6 Eq.s in the world occur around Japan○Kobe experienced the Great Earthquake for the first time in its history (No record of gigantic Eq. in Kansai)(No assumption of an earthquake hitting directly under the City of Kobe. The myth of “No Earthquakes inKobe”)○The Great East Japan Earthquake was beyond expectation. (Then assumed intensity was M8.4 at the time,
but the actual tremors were Mw9.0
Mw9 0 followed by a gigantic tsunami and a nuclear power plant accident.)
accident )T
Tsunamii occurrence

Earthquake occurrence

Fault formation

Number of Eq.s over M6 (2004-2013)

History of Disasters in Japan
30 May. 2012

FDMA

The Great
East Japan Eq
東日本大震災(死者16,140人,(D:15,892/
M:2584) 不明3,123人)

Mikawa Eq(2306)
Makurazaki Typ(3756)
Fukui Eq.(3769)
16,1403,123

The Great HanshinAwaji Eq (6437)

Isewan Typ(5098)

1945

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

00

05

10

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Scale: Magnitude 7.3(JMA)<Mw6.9>
Max. intensity: Seismic intensity of JMA 7
Epicenter: South of Hyogo (North Awaji)
Dead/Missing：6,437
Dead/Missing：6,437
Financial Damage: 9.9 trillion yen(2% of GDP)
Max. refugees: 316,678
MMax.
no. off shelters:
h lt
1,153
1 153
Buildings damaged: 256,754

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Damage of old wooden houses (JP traditional)

Damaged Houses (Wood)(Collapse)(Damage to the wall)(Wreck)(Slant)Collapsed RC building on a roadDamaged Buildings (RC)Complete collapse of the
6th floorfloff theth KobeK b Cit
City
OfficeDamagea age oof S
Shinkansen
a se ((Nishinomiya）
y ）Damageg of Shinkansen (Nishinomiya）
Re-opened within 3 months

Urban Disaster: Many Stakeholders for Recovery

Sannomiya Station (Central Kobe) just after the Eq.
Need Coordination among stakeholders

Japan Railway, Hankyu Railway, Kobe
Subway, Bus service, Street roads, Water,
Sewerage, Electricity, Telecommunication,

Urban Re‐development, Land Re‐
adjustment projects with Public‐Private
partnership (Shin‐Nagata, Rokko etc.)

Quick BBB Recovery
Land Readjustment,
Urban Redevelopment

Fixed Point ObservationShin-Nagata 1995→2004

Quick BBB Recovery
Konan-Yamate
Konan
Yamate 1997
1997→2004
2004

HYOGO
Characteristics
Ca acte st cs oof ttheeGGreat
eat Hanshin-Awaji
a s
aj Earthquakea t qua ePREFECTURE■Occurred amid a societal transition
From a growth society (20c) to a matured society (21c)■in the center of urban functions

Administrative organs of the nation, the prefecture & the municipality,
information and logistics functions■Occurred amid an aging society
30.5% of the temporarypy housingg inhabitants immediately
y following
g theearthquake, and 47.8% of the Reconstruction Public Housing inhabitants
were elderly of 65 and older.
(The national population aging rate is 14.5% as of 1995)

Restoration and Reconstruction from Natural Disasters
HYOGO((Creative Reconstruction))
PREFECTURE
Creative Reconstruction ― Achieving reconstruction

Basic Policy ofreconstruction

tailored to the matured society of the 21st century ―The aim is not merely returning to a prepre-quake
quake level
level, rather to restore the citywith a viewpoint of creating a new future by preparing for an aging society
and a shift in industrial structure.

《The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake》
Basic Theme■ Harmonious Coexistence Between People and Nature, People and People, andPeople and Society

Planning period
Basic Goals （5 pillars）
pillars）
 Creation of a society dedicated to public welfare tailored for the
21st century
 Creation of a culturally rich society open to the world Creation of a society where existing industries grow and newindustries flourish Creation of a disaster-resistant metropolis where people can livewith confidence Formation of a multicentered network-type metropolitan area

■ Established: July, 1995
■ Target Year: 2005

Project costs & expenses■ Planned amount: 17 trillion yen■ Actual amount: 16.3 trillion yen
・National government (51.3%), municipalities (38.7%),
and the private sector (10.0％)

Lessons learned from the GHA Eq.

Lack of preparedness for Eq
Eq.
• Governments were not well prepared for Eq. disasters<Initial response system, Cooperation among Dis. Man.
Organizations were not enough >• Rescue workers couldn’t
couldn t reach to individuals<Importance of local community & voluntary activities:
Save our lives by ourselves and community,
O t t diOutstanding
activities
ti iti byb Volunteers>
V l t• Schools, public buildings, houses were not seismic
resistant ((83%% killed byy collapse
p of houses,, 13%% byy fire))<Earthquake doesn’t kill people, but collapse of buildings
kill people>

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030
2015 2030

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030
Hyogo and DRI jointly evaluated 20-year Recovery
Projects (1995(1995-2015)2015)
 Verification of 20 years efforts in
Hyogo after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake in 1995
 Recommendations for the
Sendai Framework for DRR
2015 2030
2015-2030

http://17jan1995.jp/hfa/index.html
http://web.pref.hyogo.lg.jp/governor/documents/g_kaiken20150302_01.pdf

HYOGO
18
PREFECTURE

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030

20-Year Efforts ａｆｔｅｒ the Great Hanshin-Awaji Eq

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Priority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk
10 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995～2004)

10 years during Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005～2014)【Passing on the experiences and lessons learned
from the earthquake】【Establishment and release of hazard maps】【International DRR Cooperation】【International DRR cooperation
through UN】

 Establishment and operation of the Disaster
Reduction and Human Renovation Institution(DRI) Invitation and cooperation of international DRR
organizations,
i tiDonationsD ti
project,
j t etc.
t

Accumulation of DRR
organizations (Kobe
New Eastern City
Center)【Verification and recommendations ofearthquake countermeasures】

 Verifying and announcing overall earthquake
countermeasures【【Practicalresearch for DRR】】

 Research by the Disaster Reduction and Human
Renovation Institution (DRI) and the University of
Hyogo【DRR education and learning at schools,
communities, and home】

 Promotion of DRR at schools, establishment of“Environment and Disaster Mitigation Course” atHyogo Prefectural Maiko high school Establishment and release of hazard maps (flood,(floodstorm surge, landslide, earthquake, tsunami)
 Invitation of UN World
C f
Conference
on Di
Disastert
Reduction, (WCDR) contribution
for UN Central Emergency
Response Fund (CERF)
Hazard map (landslide)【Promotion of DRR by women】

 Publishing a handbook for DRR knowledge andinformation from the viewpoints of mothers andchildren, etc.

【Promotion of professional
education and research
regarding DRR at universitiesetc.】 DRR education/researchat the prefectural univ. etc.
 Promotion of the utilization of
E-Defense and the K-computer

E-Defense

1
9

Passing on the Experiences and Lessons Learned
from the Great Earthquakeq
Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution (DRI)The outline of the DRI
MissionRealizing a safe and secure civil society• Cultivating a Disaster Resilient Culture, reducing social risk andvulnerability• Developing Policies for Disaster Risk Reduction
6 main function

1. Museum
Exhibits

2.Collection & Preservationof Primary Materials& Documents

4.Action Research on
DRR & Developmentof DRR Professionals
3.Trainingg of Disaster
Management Practitioners

6.Exchange andNetworking

5.HQs
5 HQs Assistance inDisaster Response

Experiences and lessons from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake8

Museum Exhibit at DRI
World’so d s Largest
a gest DRR Educational
ducat o a Museum
useu• 500,000+ visitors every year to learn Kobe Experiences<Got 6.7mil. Visitors on 31 March 2015>• 60% are schoolh l excursion
istudentst d t (Elementary, Junior high, High)• 4% from abroad (Vietnam, Malaysia, Korea, Thailand, China, IDN, ･･･)
• 150 Volunteers (40: Story-tellers) support museum operation

22

Training of Local Governments Officials in charge of DM
Mayors,Governors
26/47 Pref. Finished *Top Forum
1day

Local
Government
officials

Management
Courses
Total 2,250**

Advanced
2days 10people

Expert; A & B
4 days 20people

Basic
4 days 40people* As of Mar. 2016 , ** 2015

Local
Government
officials

Intensive
Courses<2‐day Practical
Map Exercise.>

Supportingppg
N i
NationallTraining inTokyo (2013--)23

Exchange and Networking

Disaster Reduction Alliance
Si
Since
Oct.
O t 2002

24

Disaster Reduction Alliance (DRA)
18 Int’l DRR Related Institutions in HAT Kobe

DRI

(Dis.Red.& Human Ren.Inst.)

WHO
ADRC

((Asian Dis. Red. C))

OCHA(UN Office for the Coord.
of Hum. Affairs)

Int’l Recovery Platform

Education Center for Disaster Reduction(ECDR), University of Hyogo

Kansai Int. C

Hyogo Earthquake Engineering(
Research Center

Hyogo Eq. Memorial 21st Century Res. Inst.
Hyogo Institute for Traumatic StressHyogo Dis. Medical C.
Red Cross Kobe Hospital25

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030

20-Year Efforts ａｆｔｅｒ the Great Hanshin-Awaji Eq

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

P2: Strengthening DRR Governance to manage disaster risk
10 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995～2004)

10 years during the Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005～2014)【Enhancement of emergency
management system】【Promoting initiatives by citizens】

 Creation of Superintendent for
Emergency Management post, andestablishment of the Hyogo
Disaster Management Center【Promotion of community【
participation】

 Establishing the “OrdinanceOrdinance to define January 17 as“Hyogo Safety Day,” and the establishment of“The Hyogo Safety Day Promotion Committee” etc.

【Development of region-wide emergency
gsystem】
ymanagement

 DRR activities by the Union of Kansai Governments

 Establishing“the ordinanceconcerning the promotion ofvolunteer activities“andactivities and“the Ordinance on Promoting
Hyogo Disaster
Prefectural Citizens’Management Center
Participation and Collaboration” etc.
 Supporting the development of voluntary disaster
response organizations

Dispatching Hyogo
special promoters of
disaster management tocommunities

Kansai region-wide disaster imagination map exercise

2
6

1Enhancement
Governanceofand
Institutional
Arrangements‐1
emergency
management
system of Hyogo

Hyogo Prefectural Emergency
Management & Training Center (54 ha)

Emergency Headquarters Control RoomMiki Earthquake Disaster Memorial Park (202ha)

Dis. Management Center

Storage warehouse (under the stand of the athletic stadium 5000m2)

27

Miki Emergency Management Base for all Hyogo

Stockpiling function

South Stand

North Stand

East Stand

Disaster
preparedness
dTruck yard

Warehouse below the East Stand

Emergency food28

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030

20-Year Efforts ａｆｔｅｒ the Great Hanshin-Awaji Eq

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

P3: Investing in DRR for Resilience
10 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995～2004)

10 years during the Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005～2014)【Seismic【Si i retrofitting
t fitti programs forf buildingsb ildiandd
infrastructures】【Generall andd systematic【Gtti implementationi lt ti off
forest conservation and river management】

 Promoting seismic retrofitting for housings (Seismic
Retrofitting to Private Housing), governmentbuildings, schools, hospitals, and infrastructures
 Development of Rokko Mountain Range Green Belt

Applying seismic
retrofitting
fi i toschools

Shaking table
test at the EDefense Building disaster-resistant forest program utilizing“Prefectural Green Tax” revenues, and promoting
fully covered forest
management program General River Act, local
comprehensive water
control plan

【Tsunami Preparedness】

 Tsunami disaster damage
mitigation infrastructuredevelopment 5-year plan

Developing emergency
disaster-prevention
forests

TsunamiMitigation/Evacuatyion
Station2

9

E-Defense

The world’s largestg3-dimensional full-scale
earthquake testing facility

Reinforcement of Existing Buildings Built under the
Old Building Code (-1981)( 1981)HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030

20-Year Efforts ａｆｔｅｒ the Great Hanshin-Awaji Eq

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

P4-1: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response
10 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995～2004)

10 years during Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005～2014)【Early warning measures】【Development of various disaster informationdelivery system】

 E
Establishmentt bli ht off Phoenix
Ph i Disaster
Di tManagement System that predicts
earthquake damage and estimatesnecessary manpower and theamount of relief goods【Development【Dlt off wide-areaidemergency management bases】

 Development of Hyogo Disaster Net, Hyogo E-Net【Promoting measures for those who needassistance at the time of disaster】
Phoenix Disaster Formulation of guidelines
Management System
for those who need assistance,

 Development of prefectural-wide
emergency management bases andother 5 regional bases【Enhancement of Emergency【
Medical System】
promotion of designating
shelters for those who requireassistance【R i【Region-wide
id cooperationti

Hyogo Prefecturalfor mega disaster】
Emergency Management

Development of Kansai
Development of Hyogo Emergency and Training Center

Medical Center and emergency hub hospitals【Practical【c c disaster pprevention drills】】

 Implementation of practical drill such as informationtransmission, evacuation, rescue, etc.

【Cooperation with volunteers】

 Establishment of the Hyogo Volunteer Plaza, disaster,
formulation of “Guideline
Guideline for supporting voluntary
relief activities”【Relief system for victims】

 Implementing Mobile Healthcare Room, anddeveloped the emergency healthcare system

Evacuation drill for those
who require support

regional disaster management information system,
formulation of gguidelines for Providingg andReceiving Wide-area Backup in the Kansai Region
etc.
Portal site of the“Union of Kansai
Governments”
3
2

Towards Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030

20-Year Efforts ａｆｔｅｒ the Great Hanshin-Awaji Eq

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

P4-2: Enhancing “Build Back Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation andReconstruction (Creative Reconstruction: Hyogo)
10 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake (1995～2004)

10 years during the Hyogo Framework for
Action (2005～2014)【Developing【Dl i mechanism
h i tto promotetreconstruction】
 Reconstruction Plan, Reconstruction Fund【R
【Remaining
i i Issues】
I】 Victims’ Reconstruction Support Council, Phoenix
Citizen’s Recovery Network, the Great HanshinAwaji Earthquake Reconstruction Promotion Center(‘Phoenix Plaza’)
Phoenix Citizen’s
Recovery Network(volunteers for moving
support)【Actions to lead mature society】

 S
Supportingti elderly
ld l (elderly( ld l iindependenceddsupport,tetc.), providing mental health care (Hyogo Institutefor Traumatic Stress, etc.)
 Supporting volunteer activities (Hyogo Volunteer
Plaza, etc.)
 Creating new industry (New(
Industry Research
Organization, Hanshin-Awaji Economic
Revitalization Organization etc.)

 Elderly independence support
 Revitalizing communities
 Bringing back public interests
Revitalizing communities(reconstructed Shin-Nagata
shopping street once
completely destructed byfire)【Reconstruction supports for the Great East Japan
Earthquake
qutilizingg the experiencepof the Great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake】
 Establishment of Reconstruction Fund
 Collaborating with volunteers
 Supporting those who require assistance at time ofdisaster (setting up shelters, monitoring andprotecting the elderly) Mental health care
 Temporarily leased factories, shops, etc.
33

System of Land Readjustment ProjectAʼs residential land prior to theproject

Before project① A’s residential land after project(Allocated land)

Contributed residential land

③ Land contribution forreserved land

To be sold to get
project cost

② Contribution to public facilities
to be used for roads
roads, parks and etc.
etc

Reserved
land(Sell the land to make project cost)Re
eservedland

Under project

Compensation
for moving
Improvement cost for roads
and parks
parks, and leveling costof the residential landBefore Land Readjustment Project in Nishinomiya

Immediately after the Earthquake(Nishinomiya City）

35

After Land Readjustment Project in Nishinomiya

After Land Readjustment
整備後(西宮市)(Nishinomiya City）

36

Recommendations for promoting the
Sendai Framework for DRR

Recommendation１: Creative Reconstruction
Utilizing lessons from reconstruction into DRR
Creating disasterdisaster-resilient society

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Urban redevelopment projects

Just after theearthquake

Redeveloped

Promoting DRR through collaboration

Civil movement
to improve DRR
capacity
38

Recommendation２：

International DRR cooperation by local governments

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Sharing the experiences and the lessons learned fromdisasterTraining at Hyogo Disaster
Management Center

Providing physical and personal
supportDonation projects

Supporting the operations of Bursa
Disaster Training Center in Turkey(Lectures by Hyogo Official)

Archive Indonesia
Tsunami Archive,

DisasterArchive

Date ofOccurence

Turkey, Izumit Earthquake
Taiwan Chi Chi
Taiwan,Earthquake
India, Gujarat Earthquake

1999

Scholarships for disaster-affected children

1999

R
Reconstruction
t ti off elementaryltschoolh l

2001

Seismic retrofitting of schools

Attacks of Sep. 11th, 2001
Southeastern IranEarthquake
Sumatra Earthquake

2001
2004

Providing higher education for victim’s children
Seismic retrofitting of schools, promotion of disastereducation and seismic retrofitting technique training
School reconstruction, establishment of tsunami museum

China Sichuan Earthquake
Typhoon Haiyan, thePhilippines

2008

Hospital reconstruction

2013

Construction of the typhoon-resistant residence

2003

Support Contents

39

Recommendation３：

Enhancing DRR capacity at local government level

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Enhancing DRR system

Improving the awareness and capacity of local
government leadersEnhancing DRR capacity in the community

Joint emergency drill‘The Top Forum’ -Training for
local government leaders

Hyogo Disaster
Management
Leader Training
Course40

Recommendation４：
Importance of DRR education and learning
Promoting DRR education in schools

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

DRR education of Hyogo - applying and passing down
the lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Learning from disasters and cultivate the capacity to survive
Promoting DRR education of Hyogo- based on the area-specificcharacteristics

Utilizing schools as a regional
disaster management bases

Improving the DRR
system at schools

Improving DRR
education at schools

Promoting spontaneous learning at community/home

Improving mental
health care

Creating DRR maps (throughwalking around the community)

Training DRR professionals in universities, etc.
Education Center for Disaster
Reduction, University of Hyogo

41

Recommendation５：

Identification and dissemination of the lessons
learned from the disaster

HYOGO
PREFECTURE

Actions to pass on the recollections of the disaster

Verification of the disaster and recommendations
The 1.17 Hyogo Memorial Walk

Disseminating the experience and thelessons
disasterlllearned
d ffrom dit‘Passing Down’ The collection of
the lessons fromthe Great HanshinAwaji Earthquake

Preservation and utilization of thedisaster remains

Disaster Reduction and Human
Nojima Fault Preservation
Renovation Institution
42
Museum2015年４月23日

Thank you for your attention!!!

• Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution• Masahiko MURATA

DRI