City-led Building Energy Efficiency
Tokyo and Other Cities
20170214 ECCJBureauor Environment
Tokyo Metropolitan Government
Yuko Nishida

ACITON COP：COP22
Building sector and Cities

Photo: ICLEI

Actions in Building Sector
Building Action Day Nov. 10th
Organized by the Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction
Esblished at COP21 for 2° C target
24 states, 73 organization
Showcasing and Dialogues
Introducing various initiatives
Policy, Education and awareness-raising
Financing, Market transformation
Data, Monitoring
Low-Carbon Buildings
Financing for Low-Carbon Buildings

Global Status Report 2016Global Roadmap
Global Roadmap
Toward low GHG and resilient buildings
Towards energy-efficient, zero GHG emissions andresilient buildings well before the end of the century
Key Steps to enable the transition

1. Implement urban planning policies for energy efficiency
2. Accelerate the improvement of existing buildings’ performance
3. All new buildings achieve nearly net zero operating emission performances
4. Improve the management of all buildings
5. Decarbonised energy: decarbonise the energy and power supply forbuildings load
6. Reduced embodied energy and GHG emissions: reduce environmental
impacts (life cycle approach) of materials and equipment: manufacture(extraction included), transport, maintenance, use and end-of-lifeCities Actions
For Building Energy Efficiency

Why Building Sector?
CO2 Emissions by Sector
Tokyo, NYC, London
Industrial
Transport 9％
21％
Commercial
29％
Residential
35%

Industry
Transport 8%
18%
Commercial
Residential 40％
32%

TMG
2013
NYC
2014

Source: NYC, GLA, TMG

Transport Industrial+
23％ Commercial
36％
Residential
41％
GLA 2012

Policy Development in BEE(From national level to local level)～2000

・Energy Certification-Denmark('97)
・US EPA Energy Star Potofolio Manager('99)
・Australia NSW ABGR('99)

2000～2004

・Tokyo Environmental Security Ordinance (ESO) ('00)
・Tokyo Carbon Reduction Reporting
・EUEPBD('02)

2005～2009

・NSW NABERS(national system) ('05)
・CA
Energy rating law ('07)
・Tokyo ESO revision('08)- Cap & Trade
・Austin, DC, NYC Enact benchmarking system ('08～)
・EU
EPBD revision('09)

2010～

・Tokyo Implementation of Cap & Trade('10)
・Benchmarking in US 19 cities('10～)
・Singapore Building Control Act (‘10) –EB law('12)
7Building Energy efficiency (BEE) Policies
in Mega Cities＆TokyoUrban Efficiency
A Global Survey ofBuilding Energy Efficiency Policies
in Cities○Policy Map○Best Practices(Case Studies)
http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/int/c40/c40_pse_r.html
88Urban Efficiency

BEE Policies in Cities–Major measures
1 Building energy code/ standard
2 Energy/Carbon Reporting and Bench marking
3 Energy Audit, Retrocomissioning
4 Cap-and-Trade scheme
5 Green building Ratings, Energy Performance Labeling, Energy
Certifications
6 Financial Incentives
7 Non-financial Incentives
8 Awareness Raising
9 Green Lease (Tenant programs)
10 Voluntary Leadership Program (eg. Green Building Challenge)
11 Government Leadership Program
12 Others
99Urban Efficiency

Policy Map (Existing buildings)
CountryCity
Policy Type

ChinaJapan

Singapore

HongKong

Tokyo

Singa- MelbourPhiladel
New San Fran
Sydney Toronto Chicago Houston
Portland
Seattle London
pore
nephiaYork
cisco

Australia

CanadaUSA

UK

Building energy code

Reporting,Benchmarking
Energy audit, retrocommissioning

Cap & Trade
GB ratings, Energy
performance labeling
Financial incentive

Non-financial
incentive
Awareness raising
campaign
Green lease, tenant
program
Voluntary leadershipprogramGovernment
leadership program
OthersCity's Programs

Regional,National,State‘s Programs

Partner’s programs

SwedenSouth
AfricaStock Johannes
burgholm

Reporting and Benchmarking
Monitoring and reporting of energy consumption and GHG/CO2emissions+ Benchmarking, rating, and disclosure requirement
・US Introduced in 18 cities, 1 county, 2 states⇒Scope: Non-residencial, multifamily, municipal buildings
above 10,000ft2 ～50,000ft2⇒Using “Energy Star” Potofolio Manager⇒Yearly reporting, Benchmarking, Scoring, Disclosure on the website⇒Energy and water consumption
・Japan Introduced in major cities⇒Scope: Non-residencial, municipal buildings
above 1500 litter (Crude oil equivalent) fuel consumption⇒Guidelines by the MOE, CO2 and energy⇒Yearly reporting, Disclosure on the website some with ratings andbenchmarking
・Singapore Non-residencial above 15,000m2, Online submission, equipment
1111info.

Benchmarking in the US12

Various Types of Reporting Program

Mandatatory or Voluntary
Scope:
Public and/or Private, Commercial/Industrial/Residential
Large/Medium Including tenants/ only base building

Reporting target/ Contents:
Energy consumption/GHG, CO2 emissions/ Water consumption
Include reduction plan, equipment facilities status, design
performance
Submission, Template:
Online, Nation-wide platform (Energy star), Local specifictemplate
Assessment
Benchmarking, Rating,Disclosure:On the website, By request/ Including score, benchmark, row
data
13Program Development in Reporting &Benchmarking
C40 Survey: 12 Cities（2011）⇒ 30 Cities（2015）
Coverage in the US 6. billion square ft2/ year

・Expanding Coverage
Scale of buildings
ex. NYC: 50,000ft⇒2500ft2 , Tokyo: large buildings⇒all
Building use
Municipal buildings + Non-residencial + Multifamily

・More Transparency (Disclosure)
Disclosing on the website

・Policy Mix
Energy audit, Retro-commissioning, Consulting…

1414

Energy Audit, Retro-commissioning
・Energy Audit
To assess the status of energy use of building through the required
procedure by qualified experts, and to propose retrofit andoperational improvements(The assessment of building system and equipment when they used, and also
includes analysis and proposal on measures to reduce energy consumptions)・Retro-commissioning
To check the performance of equipment of buildings and implement
actual operational improvement by experts(Mainly operational tunings in the most efficient way
based on the design )1515

Energy Audit, Retro-commissioning・NYC

Target buildings：Above 50,000ft2 (Expanded to 20,000ft2) Including Multifamily=About 23000Buildings, !/2 of total NYC building stock
Scope：Building envelope, HVAC, Lightings system (Base building)Every 10years (from 2011) Notification 3yrs before the deadline
Qualified auditor＋Retrocommissioning
OK by Energy Star, LEEDASHRAE level 2 standard/ Contents, process and procedure are regulated by local

law・SF

Energy Efficiency Report (submission requirement), Data Collection Tool
Target buildings: Above 10,000ft2Air Conditioned Area; ASHRAE level 1
Above 50,000ft2 ;Level 2
Non residencial, whole building＝about 1900 Buildings,450Municipal buildings
Every 5 yeas from 2012 Notification by 1yr before the deadline
Qualified auditor or Retrocommissioning
OK by Energy Star, LEED
Certification of Energy Efficiency Audit (submission required)

16

Energy Audit, Retro-commissioning
・Singapore
target buidings：above 15,000ｍ2Non-residential buildings(New and Existing)
Scope：Chiller
Every3 years (from 2014～) Using “Green Mark” for assessment
Audit by a qualified auditor
Contents and procedure are regulated in the code ⇒When the performance does
not meet the standard, audited results are required to carried out
Reporting requied(common template) with data for a week, Equipment
drawings,etc.
・Hong Kong：Non-residential, Mixed use buildings (except small buildings, historicbuildings)
Scope: Every 10 years from 2012
Audit by a qualified auditor
Energy Audit Form (submission required)⇒Display at the entrance
・Tokyo: Free energy audit/ assessment for small and medium sized buildings
・EUEED(Energy Efficiency DIrective 2012)Energy audit requirement for large companies
・UKESOS(Eneergy Saving Oportunity Schee Regulation), OK by ISO5001, DEC, etc.

BEE Policy in Cities --SummaryGrowing BEE programs for existing buildings•Energy/ Carbon Reporting and Benchmarking•Energy Audit/ Retro commissioning

More Policy Mix•Various Incentive programs•More compressive, holistic approach for effective

Various Partnerships•NGOs, International organizations, experts…

Toward low carbon cities
Scael up & Speed up!

Tokyo’s Case
Outline of the Tokyo's Building Energy Efficiency Policy

Tokyo's Policy Framework

Policy Linkages & Policy Developments
LargerExistingbuildings

New buildingsDistrict Plan for
Energy Efficiency

Cap & Trade Program

Green BuildingProgram
Developments
w. incentive bonus

SmallerPlanning

Carbon Reduction
Reporting for SME

Planning/Operation StageDesignConstruction

Operation

TuningRetrofitTokyo's Policy Development
20022005

2008

Carbon Reduction Reporting (for Large)
●2002
Start

●2005 ●2005
IntroduceRevise
Disclosure system

2010
Tokyo Cap& Trade●2008●2010

Enact Start

Carbon Reduction
Reporting for SMEs

Green Building Program
●2002
Start

●2005
Revise●2010
ReviseGreen Labeling Program for Residential Buildings
District Planfor Energy Efficiency

Energy Consumption Trend in Tokyo(Mt-CO2)
Final
EnergyConsumption

2000→2012-16%(PJ)Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 1

Cap, Covered Facilities, Cap Settings
Cap (Total emissions allowed for the covered sector) was designed
to enable Tokyo to achieve "-25% by 2020" emission target
Setting cap on emissions from 1,300 facilities (Mainly commercialbldgs.), accounting for 20% of Tokyo’s total emissions
Under the cap, each building is obligated to reduce emissions by
6-8 % (first period) and 15-17% in the second period
1st period

Base-yearemissions

2nd period（2010-2014)（2015-2019)15% reduction
6% reduction

5yr average

5yr average
2010

2014 20152019

Tokyo Cap-and-Trade 2
Trade and Offset

Emission Trading:Trade scheme can be utilized by owners to fulfill their obligations
Tradable allowances are limited to the excess reductions overcompliance obligations
MRV: Monitoring and annual reporting are required
Verification system established Reduction
ExcessReduction
Obligation
for the program
Offset systems:
Renewables, emission reductions
in small facilities, etc.
Linkage:
Link with the C&T
of an adjacent prefecture

CO2

CO2

TRADE !

CO2

Tokyo's Cap-and-Trade:
Result in the first five years
CO2 emission reductions16,000

13%

Thousand tCO2e

14,000

22%

22%

23%

25%

10,595

10,636

10,53010,267

12,00010,0008,000
6,000

13,627
11,8244,000
2,000-Fiscal Year

Carbon Reduction Reportingfor Small and Medium Facilities
Target:Small & medium emitters not covered by the Tokyo C&T
Requirement: Mandatory reporting
Reporting annual CO2 emissions & their plan for reductions
Disclose on the TMG website
Over 34,000 facilities, 2, are reporting,including 10,000 voluntarily
Benchmarking & Certification Program lanched additionaly
22 building-use categories in 7 ratings

Carbon Reduction Reporting for SMEs--Results(Ten thousand tons)

Total CO2 emissions of facilities which have submitted the report continuously for 5 years(target facilities: 23,069)

2.3% increase
13.4% decrease

2.5% increase

FY2009 FY2010

FY2011FY2012

10.0% decrease from
FY200912.1% decrease from
FY20101.0% decrease

FY2013After FY2011, the emission was decreased by approximately 10% continuously in comparison with FY2009.
* Calculated by fixing the electricity emission coefficient at 0.382t-CO2 /thousand kWh.

Further Steps
Networking among citieSupporters of cities' ActionsBEE Policy in Cities
For further development
International Cooperation among cities works!
--Network of cities--Peer to peer cooperation
To share experiences, To discuss common issues

BEE Policy in Cities
For further development
Look for Supporters
Creating Partnerships
Needs for capacity building, Financial support,
Knowledge bank…

-National/ Regional/ State Governments--NGOs--Business Organizations--Experts, Academics

Toward Decarbonization
Scale up & Speed up!