North Pacific Observation System of Space Weather
Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation
Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science (IKIR FEB RAS)

B.M. Shevtsov

Cape Schmidt

Position of Stations
Equipment
Communication system

M, CR

MagadanM - Magnetometer
IZ – Ionosonde
RT - RadioTomography
CR - Cosmic rays
FC – FotoCamera+IM
L – Lidar

M, CR, IZ, FC

Kamchatka
M, IZ, RT
FC, L

Khabarovsk
M
M, IZ

Magnetic observatories of IKIR FEB RASCPSMGD

Magnetic observatories ofINTERMAGNET (2012 г.)

Observatory
start IAGA IMO“Cape Schmidt" 1967 CPS“Magadan"1965 MGD 2009
“Paratunka"
1968 PET 2013
“Khabarovsk"
1968 KHB 2013

KHBGeogr.
68.9 180.6
60.1 150.7
53.0 158.3
47.7 134.7

PETGeomag.
64.0 231.5
52.0 213.1
45.8 221.5
38.4 202.5

Magnetic Systems on Far East
• 1. Russian (old and new Systems for keep succession)• 2. Kyushu University, Japan• 3. NICT, Japan• 4. Nagoya University, Japan• 5. Intermagnet
For what are so many Systems?
•For comparison•For the Reliability of measurements•For verifed data

Magnetic observatories of IKIR FEB RAS(equipment)
MGD – Magadan (2009):
variometers
absolute– FGE+GSM-90, MAGDAS, FRG, STELAB, dIdD
– Theo 020, GSM-19, POS-1

PET – Paratunka (2013):
variometers
absolute– FGE+GSM-90, MAGDAS, FRG, STELAB, dIdD
– LEMI-203, Mag-01H, GSM-19W, POS-1

KHB – Khabarovsk (2013):
variometers
absolute– Quartz-6, CAIS, dIdD
– TT5, MMP-203, Mag-01H, GSM-19W, POS-1

CPS – Cape Schmidt (2016 - ?):variometers
absolute– Quartz-3, MAGDAS, dIdD
– MMP-203М2, Mag-01H, POS-1

Agreements with Japan (NICT, SERC - Kyushu Univ., STELAB – Nagoya Univ.)
Agreement with Germany (GFZ, Potsdam)
Updrade by Russian Academy of Sciences
Equipment according to INTERMAGNET Standards (year of joining)

dIdD-variometer GSM-19FD (GEM Systems, Canada)Special small unheated hut for dIdD and its sensor inside(GFO «Paratunka»)Sensor of dIdD
GFO «Magadan»

Sensor of dIdD
GFO «Cape Schmidt»

Sensor of dIdD
GFO «Khabarovsk»

DI-fluxgate Mag-01H (Bartington Instruments Ltd., Great Britain)
Electronic unit (upper)
and theodolite Wild-T1with fluxgate sensor at
GFOs "Paratunka" and"Khabarovsk"

Field observations of Sun(determination of azimuth oftarget) and declination-inclination
measurements at station "RiverKarymshina" (Kamchatka)

International Agreements (Japan)

Sensors of magnetometers
MAGDAS (lower) andFRG-601 (upper) at
Paratunka

Japanese colleagues checkthe MAGDAS system at
Paratunka
Recorded system ofmagnetometers MAGDAS(lower) and FRG-601 (upper)

International Agreements (GFZ, Potsdam)

Overhauser scalar magnetometer GSM-90 (sensor and console)– Paratunka, Magadan
Fluxgate 3-component
magnetometer FGE (Paratunka, Magadan)
Dr.H.-J.Linthe (GFZ)
compare two scalarmagnetometers(MMP-203 andGSM-19)

DIflux magnetometerat base of theodolite
Zeiss-Jena Theo-020B(Magadan)

MAGDAS Magnetometer

MAGDAS Workshop on Kamchatka

Magnetometer
M
Ionosond
IZ
FotoCamera
FC
Induction Magnetometer IM

Japan Systems on Far East
Cape Schmidt M (M)Magadan M, M, FC+IM

Paratunka M, M, FC+IM

Sakhalin
Khabarovsk

MAGDAS System of Kyushu University
NICT System
Nagoya University SystemAll-sky Airglow
Imager System

CCD Camera

All-sky airglow imager system
ch 1. 557.7 nm, oxygen, 90-100 km
ch 2. 630.0 nm, oxygen, 200-300 km
ch 3. 700-1000 nm, OH-band, gydroxyl, 80-90 km
ch 4. 117.4 nm, oxygen, ~100 km
ch 5. 572.5 nm, (background)ch 6. 486.1 nm, gydrogen, 300-400 km

Internal gravity waves
H = 100km.
Paratunka
30.10.2007
Speed 70 - 100 m/s

ch 1. 557.7 nm, oxygen, 90-100 km
14Radar Systems on Far East

Japan Doppler Radar FM-CW
on Kamchatka

Vertical drift of ionosphere plasma

Russian IonosondeIonosond Systems on Far East
Cape Schmidt

MagadanIZ

Paratunka
IZ, IZ
Sakhalin
Khabarovsk IZ

Russian Ionosond IZ
Kyushu University Ionosond IZ

The complex analysis of the magnetic storm on August 3 and 4, 2010(Paratunka data)

The magnetic storm on March 7-8, 2012 (Paratunka data)

Radiotomography of Ionosphere bysignal of low orbit satellite

Radiotomography of Ionosphere by
GPS signal

Cosmic Ray System on Far East
Cape Schmidt
CRMagadan
CR

Paratunka

Sakhalin
Khabarovsk

Cosmic Ray Monitor

CRCosmic rays monitor
on Cape Schmidt

Multi scale wavelet decomposition of the cosmic rays signal
By performing multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the function f 0 (t ) to the levelm we obtain its representation in the following. form:−mf 0 (t ) = g −1 (t ) + g − 2 (t ) + ... + g − m (t ) + f − m (t ) = ∑∑ d j ,n Ψ j ,n (t ) + ∑ c− m ,nϕ − m ,n (t )j = −1 n

g j - detailed components, j - scalef −m - trend component
c− m ,n = f , ϕ − m ,n , d − m ,n = f , Ψ− m ,n
φ j ,n (t ) = 2 j / 2 φ (2 j t − n) - scaling function()Ψ j ,n = 2 j / 2 Ψ 2 j t − n - wavelet basis

On the basis of analysis of thedata of cosmic rays for theperiod from 2001 to 2014, it isrevealed that m = 6 is the bestlevel of decomposition for
signal analysis on the basis ofneural network.

nApproximation of the trend component on the basis of neural network
Constructed neuron networks performs a one-step data prediction of thetrend component. The training set is formed from the data registeredduring quiet periods. In this case, the trained neural network reproduced
regular variations of the data being approximated, which is typical forquiet conditions. Network training was performed on the basis of the backerror propagation algorithm.


3ϕi2  ∑ ωil2ϕl1  ∑ ωln1 с j ,n (t )  ,c j , n +1 (t ) = ϕm3  ∑ ωmi n l i
ω ln1 - the weight of the connection between input n and neuron l of theω2ilinput layer of network- the weight of the connection between neuron l of the input layerof network and neuron i of the hidden layer of network

the weight of the connection between neuron i of theωmi3 -hidden
layer of network and neuron m of the output layer ofnetwork
Network error at time moment

f 0*,(i −m ) [t n ] - desired output,

t n : em [t n ] = f 0*,i(− m ) [t n ] − fˆ0*,i(− m ) [tn ]fˆ *(− m ) [t ] - actual output,

Anomalous changes occur when

0 ,in

1 U
Em,U = ∑ em [t n ] > T
U n =1U - the length of the observation window,

T - some preassigned threshold.

12φ=φ=l (z)i ( z)

2− 1 ϕ m3 ( z ) = a ∗ z + b
1 + exp( −2 z ))

Detailed analysis of cosmic ray intensity variations during the magnetic storm
on March 7-8, 2012

AWDANet System on Far East
for magnetosphere diagnostic

Automatic Whistler Detector and Analyzer systems' network(AWDANet, J. Lihtenberger)
http://plasmon.elte.hu/

Whistlers and Lightning observation System on Kamchatka

SuperDARN
on Far East

Facilities of magnetosphereand ionosphere diagnostic•••••••

Magnetometers
Ionosonds
Radiotomography
AWDANetSuperDARNImager of night sky
Lidar System

Lidar SystemLaserBeam
6 sm diameter
0.4 J in shot, 8 ns duration
10 Hz frequency of repetition

Nd in YAG
Second harmonicTransmitter 1: Laser Quantel Brilliant-B (Nd in YAG)

• Energy – 400 mJ, Wavelength – 532 nm• Repetition rate – 10 Hz• Beam after collimator - 6 sm••Laser YG-980 with energy in an impulse 2500 mJ (the first harmonic), 1250 mJ (thesecond harmonic), 800 mJ (the third harmonic),
The dye laser pumped by the second and third harmonic of laser YG-980, changing offrequency in a visible range, energy in an impulse up to 200 mJ.

Multi frequency
transmitter 2

Lidar telescopes
diameter of mirror – 60 sm
focus length – 210 sm

diameter of mirror – 25sm
focus length – 150 sm

The photon counter and spectrum analyzer of optical radiation Spectra Pro
2500i, the ССD chamber with the amplifier of brightness PicoStar UF-12QE

Lidar signal

Example of diagram during precipitation of charge particles

Results of observations on 28 March 2008
(Bychkov and Shevtsov 2012)••••

Critical frequency foF2 of the ionosphere F2 layer (a);lidar signal N–Nf summed for altitudes 200-300 km representing the total number ofdetected photons minus the background level (b).
The middle curve shows the average signal, the upper and lower curves illustrate thestandard deviations.
The accumulation of lidar signal is 15 minutes.

Results on 6 September 2008

• Critical frequency foF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer (a)• lidar signals summed for altitudes 150–200 and 200–300 km(b).

Luminescence specters of the night sky on February, 28th 2012 due toprecipitations from the radiation belts have a great variability
23:00-23:20

IntensityИнтенсивность, отсч.

100• There was a quiet
magnetic condition.
• All K-indexes were

80
60
4020

equaled 1.

0528 534 540 546 552 558 564 570 576 582 588 594 600 606 612 618 624 630 636Длина волны λ, нмwavelength, nm

IntensityИнтенсивность, отсч.

00:30-00:50
80
7060
50
40
30
20
100468 474 480 486 492 498 504 510 516 522 528 534 540 546 552 558 564 570 576
Длина волны λ, нмwavelength, nm

Spectral lines of the nitrogen atom ions transitions lie within the band ofsecond harmonic of the Nd: YAG laser 532.08 ± 0.07 nm
Example of spectral lines of atomic transitions from Catalog NIST ASD, 1978
Wavelength inAir (nm)Aki(s-1)

Lower Level

Term

JUpper Level

Term

J1

NII

532.0202

4.20e+072s2p2(4P)3p5P°

22s2p2(4P)3d5P

12NIII

532.087

5.68e+07

2s2p(3P°)3p2D

5/2

2s2p(3P°)3d2F°

7 /23NII

532.0958

2.52e+072s2p2(4P)3p5P°

12s2p2(4P)3d5P2The scattering oflaser radiation
with awavelength of532 nm in theupperatmosphere iscaused byexcited nitrogenions.
The density of N+ exceeds that of N++ at altitudes 200–300 km
123Diagnosticof Low Atmosphere and litosphere• Atmospheric Electrical Field• Electromagnetic and Acoustic emission oflitosphere during deformation changes
Diagnostic allows to study:
The interaction between the upper and low atmospheres
The litosphere effect on ionosphereAtmosphere electric fieldsensor on Kamchatka

Forbush effect in atmospheric electricity
Electro conductivity of air: 1 – positive ions and 2 – negative ions17.03.2015

46Magnetic and electric processes

17.03.2015

47

Velocity of Deformations
Geoacoustic emission

Velocity of Deformations,Geoacoustic emission andAtmosphere electrical field

Geoacoustic emission

Atmosphere electrical fieldIonosphere disturbances
caused by lithosphere processes
WinterSpringSummerMinute data of f02

Anomalies

AutumnWinter

The middle and short period of disturbances

Hours
12030
1

Bogdanov, Mandricova et al.

Conclusion• The complex Observation System of Space
Weather on North Pacific was presented.
• This System was created in collaboration withJapan and European colleges.
• Many years this System is used forinvestigation of the Space Weather in the Far
East region.
• And I can say about a good future of thiscollaboration!

Station onCape Schmidt

Thank for your attention!