UGM

L d lid EEarly
Landslidel Warning
W i System
S t andd itsitISOSO ProposalpTeuku Faisal Fathani, Ph.D.
Dr. Eng. Wahyu Wilopo
Universitas Gadjah Mada, INDONESIA
Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction 2016, Phuket, 25-26 February 2016

Outline
Background (Sendai Framework of Action)
Action),objectives, users
Existing Guideline/Standard on Landslide EWS
Basic concept: Socio-technical integration
4 key-element by UN-ISDR (2006) and7 Sub-systems of Landslide EWS
Implementation of 7 Sub-system of Landslide EWSLandslide susceptibility map

3American Geophysical Union (AGU) (2009)International Consortium on Landslides
 Established in 2001, active members from more than 50 countries
 ICL Supporting Organizations
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat (UNISDR)The United Nations University (UNU)
The International Council for Science (ICSU)The World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO)
The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)Background It is difficult to relocate community (peoples) living in landslide
vulnerable area. The most effective DRR effort is to improvethe community’s preparedness by implementing EWS.
 Warning system which mainly emphasize on technicalapproach mostly does not work properly due to lack ofcommunity awareness with result in poor maintainance andoperation.
 Improve community preparedness and willingness to protect
themselves from landslide disasters.
 Integration of technical and social system is required to support
the community empowerment program for DRR in landslide
vulnerable area.

Background (cont.)(t)
 EWS implementation in the world is in line with the 2015
2015-2030
2030
Sendai Framework for Action with four (4) priorities in DRR :“The1. Understand disaster risk
The improvement of preparedness
in order to respond effectively to a
2. Strengthen disaster risk
disaster, by implementing a simple,
governance to manage
disaster riskllow-cost
t EWS andd improving
ii ththedissemination of information about
3. Invest in DRR for resilience
EWS of natural disasters at local and
4. Invest in disaster
preparedness to enhancenational levels.”
response Referring to the four key elements of community-based EWS (UNISDR, 2006), therefore it is necessary to develop a standardization
for landslide EWS

Objectives
 Establishing an International Standard for the implementation oflandslide EWS, by Integrating technical and social networks
 Reducing risk from landslide disasters by increasing thecommunity
i awareness – preparedness
d- resilienceili Community empowerment with respect to community-based
didisastert riski k reduction
d ti ini landslidel d lid vulnerablel
bl areaUsers
 International organization/institution
 Central
C t l andd llocall governmentt authorityth it Private sectors, NGOs
 Local communityISO Draft:
Draft Landslide Early Warning System
SECTIONCONTENT

Scope

Specifies the requirement for a landslide
early warning system

Abbreviations, definitions
andd termst

For the purpose of the document,
d fi iti off terms/abbrevation
definitiont/ bb
ti are neededd dSeven sub-systems oflandslide early warning
systemSpecifies all parts of the landslide subsystems in detailAppendices (Informative)

Appendices as explanation for theguidelines

4 key element for community
communitybased EWS (UN-ISDR, 2006)

7 Sub-systems of Landslide EWS

Basic Conceptp in Proposing
pg Seven Sub-systems
yof Landslide EWS
Basic Concept:
Integration between technicaland social systems“Human and Technical Sensor”

Sustainable Guarantee Community empowerment throughDisaster Preparedness Team Commitment among research &education government community
education-government-communityprivate sector

Sustainable Innovation
 Th
Three llevell generationti
 3 in 1 Approach: EducationResearch-Community Development
and Empowerment

Risk Assessment• Technicalec ca susurveyey oon geo
geologicalog ca
conditions to determine landslide
susceptibility and stable zones.
• Institutional survey to understandwhether an established institution
exist to monitor and mitigate
landslide hazards in the disasterprone areas
areas.
• Social survey to understand thecommunity’s
it ’ understandingd t di off
landslide hazards.

Dissemination• Methods
et ods aandd materials
ate a s oof ttheedissemination are tailored basedon the preliminary data of the risk
assessments• The community could understandthe landslide mechanisms,
symptoms, and how to minimizerisks• Identifying the key people whohhavea strongtcommitment
itt asforerunners in the establishment ofdisaster preparedness teamteam.

Establishment of disaster preparedness andresponse team

 In charge of determining landslide risk zones and evacuation routes
and mobilizing people to evacuate before the landslide occur.
 Responsible for operating and maintaining monitoring tools

Disaster Preparedness Organization
Dusun Kebakalan, Desa Kertasari, Kec. Kalibening - Banjarnegara

Development of evacuation routes and maps
• An evacuation map includes landslide risk zones andevacuation routes, which provide information on the safe andunsafe zones againstglandslide hazard, safe evacuationroutes for the residents to evacuate, as well as secure
locations (assembly point).
• Maps need to be made simply so that it is easier tounderstand by the local community.

Description:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

1

2

3

4

5

Title of the evacuation map indicating the installation location of the landslide early detection
equipment;it
Logo of the stakeholders or the local authorities;
Ground plan of the evacuation routes;
Legend and important information (landmarks) and common signs easily recognizable by thepublic such as mosques,mosques schools,schools offices,offices etcetc.;;
Name of the heads of the families, distinguished by RT/RW (neighborhood/communityassociation).

NOTE 1
The gground pplan does not nee to include the scale,, but onlyy the north direction thatcan be placed in the plan’s column or in the legend. The north direction may not face up, but down,
depending on the local customs.
NOTE 2
included in it.

The format of the ground plan is flexible, but all elements of a ground plan should beGround Plan for Evacuation Map

Development of Standard Operating Procedure The SOP contains the procedures for responses by thedisaster preparedness team and the community to the alert
issued by the landslide early warning instrument.
 The SOP was prepared based on the discussions andagreements of each division under the direction of relevant
stakeholders
t k h ld
tto ffollow
llth
the flflow off warning
i iinformation
fti ddeliverylimechanism and evacuation commands.

Level of warning
LEVEL 1: CAUTIONTriggeredggbyy rain ggauge
g sensor. The disaster experts
pshould determine
the critical limit for rainfall intensity that may trigger landslide in mm/houror mm/day. If the critical limit is exceeded, then the device will give
CAUTION warning.
LEVEL 2: WARNING
Triggered by tiltmeter. Disaster experts should determine the critical limitof soil movement in degree (°)/minute or per hour, in the X-Y direction (NS and W-E). If the instrument indicates slope inclination change thatmechanismexceeds the critical limit
limit, it will trigger the WARNING warning mechanism.
Vulnerable groups should be evacuated first.
LEVEL 3: EVACUATE
Triggered by extensometer. This device has critical limit in mm/minutes ormm/hour, depending on the field condition determined by the disaster
experts If the movement exceeds the critical limit
experts.
limit, the device will trigger
the EVACUATE warning mechanism.

Level 1: Caution
Status/alert
Criteria/ signlevel
CautionCriteria:
determined by(Level 1)
rainfallmeasurement or
tremor recording

Action/response by thecommunity The team leader
coordinates with theDisaster PreparednessTeam.


Sign: “blue” lamps
and/or siren thatsounds "caution,high rainfall" orother sound signs
that show thellowest
t ththreatt levelll or alert level ordepending on thelocal conditions

Action by the
local authority
 Receives
report fromthe disaster
preparednesspp
team leader

The data and information
division checks thecondition of the monitoring
equipment and collects
data of the community, andinforms the alert level andencourages preparing
essential items to bring.
The DisasterThDit R
Response
Team provides periodic
reports to the team leader.

Checks thecondition in
the field andmaintains
coordination
with thedisaster
preparedness
teamLevel 2: Warning
Status/al
Criteria/ sign
ert level
Warning Criteria: determinedby increased rainfall(Level 2)
or slope hydrology,
increased tremors,and landslide
indications

Action/response by the community

Action by thelocal authority
 The team leader coordinates with the  Receives
Disaster Preparedness Team.
report fromthe disaster The data and information division repreparedness
checks the condition of landslide andteam leader
the monitoring equipment, and Checks thecollects data of the communitycondition in The team leader gives the vulnerable
the field andSign: "orange" lamps group an order to evacuate to themaintains
and siren that sounds assembly point, with the help of thecoordination"warning, evacuation" refugee mobilization division and thewith theor other sound signs
security division.
disasterthat show the The data section collects data of thepreparedness
increase of threat
vulnerable ggroupp in order to ensure
teamteallevell tto siaga/warning
i/ithat they have been evacuated.
or depending on the Provides
 The security division is in charge oflocal conditions
support to theensuring the security of the residents’
residents
evacuatedhomes and the environment.
vulnerable
groupLevel 3: Evacuate
Status/alert
level
Evacuate(Level 3)

Criteria/ sign
Criteria: determinedby increased rainfall
or slope hydrology,increased tremors
and rate off landslide

Action/response by theAction by the localcommunity
authority The team leader Receives reportpcoordinates with thefrom the disaster
Disaster Preparedness
preparednessTeam.
team leader
Sign: "red"
red lamps
and siren that sounds"evacuate" or othersound signs
g thatshow the highest
threat level or
depending on thelocal conditions

The team leader gives 
all residents an order toevacuate to theassembly point, withthe help of the refugee
mobilization divisiond th
the security
itanddivision.
The data andinformation section
checks the early
detection equipment
and collects data of theresidents in the refugee
camp.

Checks thecondition in thefield and maintains
coordination withthe disaster
preparedness
tteam
Providesemergency
support to theevacuatedresidents

Monitoring, Early Warning, and Evacuation Drill• Determination of the locations is based on the identification oflandslide risk zones. Installation of the equipment is done withthe community, aiming to increase the sense of ownership andresponsibility
ibilit ffor th
the equipment’s
it’ condition
diti tto guaranteet safety.
f tCommitment of the local government andcommunity on the O&M of the systems
 The commitment of the local government and the community
pand maintenance of the early
yis crucial in the operation
warning system, so that all activity stages included in theSOP run well.
 The duty and responsibility in terms of ownership,
installation, operation, maintenance, and security of an early
warning system are adjusted to the condition in each location
and are agreed upon by the government
government, the community
community, andthe private sector.