HOLISTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT APPROACH
FOR ECO TOWNS

Mushtaq Ahmed MEMON, Ph.D
Programme Officer
International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)
Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)OVERVIEW
内容• Why waste?
なぜ廃棄物なのか？

• A holistic approach!
総合的アプローチ• UNEP and IETC
国連環境計画と国際環境技術センター• Conclusion
結論WHY WASTE?

今なぜ廃棄物なのか

Increase in the volumes of waste

Source: World BankWHY WASTE?

今なぜ廃棄物なのか

35億人が廃棄物管理システムのない地域で生活している

Source: World Bank

5

WHY WASTE?

今なぜ廃棄物なのか

新しい廃棄物の主流: 電子機器廃棄物や医療関連廃棄物

Source: World BankWater and sanitation
水と衛生

Source: http://www.adb.org/Water/Indicators/MDG-7/Table-02.pdf

Gaseous emissions
温暖化ガス排出Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/india-tops-chinain-air-pollution-level-increase/article1-966208.aspx

‘Silo’ Approach to Waste Management

GHG
PbNO

SO2

HeavyMetals

2

GlassCO

PlasticC&DWaste

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Soil/Land Pollution

From ‘Silo’ to ‘Holistic’ Approach to Waste Management

••••

•

Silo Approach facilitates the“Sector” Specific Specialist
Technology Development
It may be good for one stream orform of waste, but might not be
the optimal solution
Holistic Waste Management =Breaking the “Silo”
Holistic Waste Management =Integrated Waste management +Interlinakges with waste forms
Holistic Waste Management =putting the pieces together

Looking at the big picture can lead to a
new way of seeing the problem.
Let us “see” the whole elephant.

Holistic Approach: Breaking the ‘Silo’Holistic Waste Management
Holistic system approach here means
theInter-sectoral waste interlinakges (solid,liquid and gaseous), andMulti-media pollution issues arising fromwaste handling of one form or one wastesectorSolid Waste
Mgmt.

Wastewater
Mgtm.

Holistic Waste
Management

Gaseous Waste
Mgmt.

Sanitation& Stormwater
Mgmt.

EXAMPLE

Holistic Waste Management
SectorActivities
Open waste disposal
Open burning of waste

Waste Collection

Municipal Solid Waste
Management

Waste Disposal
without recovery
Waste landfilling
Incineration
Composting/AD

Impacts
Clogging sewer system
Gaseous emissions
GHG emission (and otherair pollutants) from fuelused in waste collection
vehiclesLoss ofresources/resource
depletion
Leachate
GHG
BottomAsh
Fly ash, Dioxin
GHG
Soil nutrients

Sectoral Interlinkages

Air PollutionWater (&Sanitation)
Pollution

Soil/Land
Contamination

Solid, Liquid, Gaseous Nexus – Mercury waste「水俣条約」採択 2013年10月10日 in 熊本

13

WHY SHOULD DEVELOPING COUNTRIESMAKE WASTE A PRIORITY ?
なぜ途上国は、廃棄物問題を優先的に取り組むべきなのか

WHY SHOULD DEVELOPING COUNTRIESMAKE WASTE A PRIORITY ?
なぜ途上国は、廃棄物問題を優先的に取り組むべきなのか

19

WASTE HIERARCHY AND 3R
廃棄物ヒエラルキー（階層）と３R
リデュース・リユース・リサイクル

3Rのシステムを通じて処理される廃棄物

最終的に「ごみ」となるもの

Focus of technology support:
Turning challenges into opportunities
技術支援への焦点： 困難を好機にかえる
20th CENTURY

21st CENTURYWASTEMANAGEMENTRESOURCE
MANAGEMENT“How do we get rid of our waste efficiently
with minimum damage to public health andthe environment?”“How do we handle our discarded resources inways which do not deprive future generationsof some, if not all, of their value?”Source: Dr. Paul Connett, Zero Waste, Power PointCITIES ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS – CLOSING THE LOOP
都市のコロジカル・フットプリント ― 環を閉じる

Hammerbay Sjostad, Stockholm ‐ Sweden

United Nations Environment Programme
国連環境計画 (UNEP)- 1972年国連総会において設置決定 5 Divisions of UNEP
 Environmental Law and Conventions (DELC)
 Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA)
 Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI)
 Communications and Public Information (DCPI)

19

Division of Technology, Industry & Economics
技術・産業・経済局 (DTIE)

6 Branches of DTIE Sustainable Consumption and Production
Branch（持続可能な生産と消費部門）
 Energy Branch（エネルギー部門）
 Ozon Action Branch（オゾン・アクション部門）
 Economics and Trade Branch（経済・通商部門）
 Chemicals Branch（化学物質部門）
 International Environmental Technology
Centre （国際環境技術センター）20

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
国際環境技術センター•The International
Environmental Technology
Centre (IETC) is a branch ofthe Division of Technology,Industry, and Economics(DTIE) and is leading thewaste management portfolio
within UNEP.

•UNEP IETC focuses onidentifying and showcasing
environmentally soundtechnologies (ESTs) andmanagement practices,primarily in relation to waste.

UNEP IETC is located inOsaka, Japan.

International Environmental Technology
Centre国際環境技術センター (IETC)UNEP IETC: HOLISTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
国連環境計画と国際環境技術センター
廃棄物管理● Holistic approach to waste● WasteÆ Resource (From linear to closed-loop material cycle)● Promote Prevention Policies: Anchor 3R

Sustainability
Waste toResource

Knowledge, Expertise, Technology, Policies

IETC SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL AND CITYWASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES• Together with National & City
Government• Launch Strategy, Action Plan,and Pilot Demonstration
Strategy Approval

Countries to be decided

LAC

AfricaNorth East
Asia

SPREP

ICSD

SACEP

2017

Regional, Sub-regional
intergovernmental bodies
Harmonizing policy
Replication across the Member States
Asia
ASEAN

2016

Bilateral

Policy Guidance

LAC

Countries to be decided

National
Stakeholders
Multilateral

AFRICA

2015

UN Resident
coordinators

UNEPRegionalOffices

2014

DEPIStrategies
Action Plan
Pilot demonstration•Common understanding: Frameworks & Strategy,•Work Plan Agreement,•Timeline, Budget,•Preparing project proposal

South East: Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar;
South: Bhutan, India, Nepal;
Central: Kyrgyz, Tajikistan;
North East: Mongolia;
South Pacific: ----- , -----

DELC

Legislative framework

Partnership; National & City level

ASIA

ETB

Strategy Development•Baseline Studies•Draft Strategy outline•Draft proposal of Action Plan andPilot ProjectChemicals

LaunchDTIE•Finalize Strategy,•Initiate Action Plan, and Pilot
Demonstration,•Capacity building for legislativeframework

Awareness
Economics of Waste
Frame work law on waste
Academic Curriculum

IETC EXPERIENCES – ISWMＩＥＴＣの経験 ― 統合的廃棄物管理• Wuxi New District, China – 2008
• Pune City, India – 2008
• Maseru City, Lesotho – 2009
• Matale City, Sri Lanka – 2009
• Novo Hamburgo, Brazil – 2009
• Nairobi – 2010
• Bahir Dar, Ethiopia – 2010
• Pathum Thani, Thailand – 2011
• Addis Ababa – 2011

• Danang, Vietnam ‐ 2012
• Kampot, Cambodia ‐ 2012
• Bangkok – 2012
• Honduras ‐ 2013

International Environmental
Technology Centre
2‐110 Ryokuchi Koen
Tsurumi‐ku, Osaka 538‐0036 Japan
Tel : +81 (0) 6 6915 4581
Fax : +81 (0) 6 6915 0304
E‐mail : ietc@unep.org
Web: http://www.unep.org/ietc

Conclusion
結論

Partnership,Partnership andPartnershipThank You…