May 19, 2018
藤平育子

女たちの南北戦争―Mary Chesnut’s Civil War
要旨

Cassandora の嘆き
I 南部父権制との闘い
II 奴隷制度の暗黒序（1）
奴隷売買と女性の結婚（2）
奴隷制度の不安(3) 南部奴隷農園は巨悪の制度
III Mary Chesnut から見えてくる Faulkner の真実
結び―やはり南部貴婦人として書き終えたい―1880 年代の原稿修正が明かすもの*****
Quotations:
1. 序 Without the Negro, there would have been no Civil War, yet he figured onlyperipherally in the War literature. (Aaron xxii)
2. They call me Cassandra—for I cry, outside hope is quenched. (Mary Chesnut’s CivilWar, 298)
3. I My father was a South Carolina nullifier, governor of the state at the time of thenullification row. So I was of necessity a rebel born. (Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 4)
4. “…we encounter…the difficulties facing the southern white woman
writer who may be reading her own voiceless position as the silent
Other of the nineteenth cultural model and at the same time may bein the act of revising that position by writing patriarchal history
from woman’s perspective---by bringing history into the house. (Gwin,Introduction. McDonald, A Woman’s Civil War, 12)
5. “While …they [“she-rebels”] held tight to the racial, class, and gender hierarchies of
the antebellum South, not rebelling against the foundations of their privileged culture,wartime exigencies often required them to challenge in practice—to rebel against—
gender norms, whether in their political actions…or in their words.” (Harrison xi)
6. II (1) So I have seen a negro woman—up on the block—at auction. … You know how
women sell themselves and are sold in marriage, from queens downward, eh?
You know how the Bible says about slavery—and marriage. Poor women. Poor slaves.
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(Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 15)
7. In 1850 she has written to her husband that “particularly as I am not the hearty loverof slavery this latitude requires.” (Fox-Genovese 343)
8. <<I wrote a passionate antislavery letter to my husband a few years after I wasmarried.>> (Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 730)
9. Chesnut’s comparison of slavery to marriage…support her critique [of marriage].
(Harrison 137)
10. II (2) “Hitherto I have never thought of being afraid of negroes.” (Mary Chesnut’sCivil War, 199)
Poor Cousin Betsey Witherspoon was murdered!... Murdered by her own people. Hernegroes. (Ibid., 198)
I remember when Dr. Keitt was murdered by his negroes. (Ibid., 198)
11. II (3) <<I wonder if it be a sin to think slavery a curse to any land. Sumner said not
one word of this hated institution…and we live surrounded by prostitutes. …
Who thinks any worse of a negro or mulatto woman for being a thing we can’t name?
God forgive us, but ours is a monstrous system and wrong and iniquity. Perhaps therest of the world is as bad---this only I see. Like the patriarchs of old our men live all
in one house with their wives and their concubines, and the mulattoes one sees inevery family exactly resemble the white children --- and every lady tells you who isthe father of all the mulatto children in everybody’s household…. (Ibid., 29)
12. <<Mr. Harris said it was so patriarchal. So it is—flocks and herds and slaves—andwife Leah does not suffice. Rachel must be added, if not married. And all the timethey seem to think themselves patterns—models of husbands and fathers. (Ibid., 31)
13. III She [Rosa] seemed to stand …with that air of children…—an air Cassandralikeand humorless and profoundly and sternly prophetic… (Absalom, Absalom!, 15)
14. Only I have always liked to believe that he intended to name her[Clytie=Clytemnestra] Cassandra … and he just got the name wrong through amistake…(Absalom, Absalom!, 47)
15. …daughter [Judith] doomed to spinsterhood…raising chickens and peddling the eggs
for the clothes she and Clytie couldn’t make… (Absalom, Absalom!, 147)
16. [Molly] sells butter for us now on shares. (Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 805; seeWoodward xli)
17. This distinguished gentleman was asked to “lead in prayer.”… his voice rose to thepitch of a shrill shriek. Still his voice was strangely clear and musical, occasionally ina plaintive minor key that went to your heart. Sometimes it rung out like a trumpet. I
wept bitterly. … The negroes sobbed and shouted and swayed backward and forward2

… most clapping their hands and responding in shrill tones. “Yes, my God! Jesus!”“Aeih! Savior! Bless de Lord, amen--&c.” (Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 214)
18. With his body he seemed to feed the voice …. And the congregation seemed to watchwith its own eyes while the voice consumed him, until … their hearts were speaking
to one another in chanting measures beyond the need for words…
“Yes, Jesus!” the woman’s voice said, hushed yet.
“I sees, O Jesus! Oh I sees!” and still another, without words, like bubbles in water.
(The Sound and the Fury, 294-96)
19. [Team] told a tale of a woman so lazy she tied her child to her back and jumped inthe river. She said she did not mean to work—nor should her child after her. (MaryChesnut’s Civil War, 256)
20. [Team] told several overseer’s anecdotes…of one of Powell McRae’s Negroes, driven
to despair by the driver, tying her baby on her back & walking into the river. Founddrowned—baby still strapped to her back…. (The Private Mary Chesnut, 214)
21. June 21th 1833 Drowned herself (Go Down, Moses, 256)
22. 結び <<Good women we have…but they are… in conduct the purest women God
ever made. Thank God for my countrywomen—alas for the men! …
<<…And again I say, my countrywomen are as pure as angels, tho’ surrounded by anotherrace who are social evil! >> (Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 31)
23. She did achieve a literary victory for the women of her class and race. The
monumental task she had set before herself, when done, reclaimed the purity of white
women---even when their men could not do so except through violent action against
black people or the threat of it. (Glymph 155)
24. She reinvented and reproduced a history of the impurity of African-American women,slave and free---a history that struck at their struggle to be free. (Glymph 155)
25. By the early 1880s,… her agenda was clear: This manuscript, her life’s work, would
serve to help restitch the fabric of white women’s lives torn open and left exposed by
the Civil War and emancipation. (Glymph 141)
26. … only Sam and Old Ben and the mongrel Lion were taintless and incorruptible. (GoDown, Moses, 183)
27. Then relinquished completely to it, it was the watch and the compass. He was stilltainted. (Go Down, Moses, 199)
28. He [Isaac McCaslin] could say it, himself and his cousin juxtaposed not against thewilderness but against the tamed land…which old Carothers McCaslin his grandfather
had bought with white man’s money from the wild men … and tamed and ordered orbelieved he had tamed and ordered it for the reason that the human beings he held in3

bondage and in the power of life and death had removed the forest from it… (GoDown, Moses, 243)

Works Cited and Referred.
Aaron, Daniel. The Unwritten War. 1973. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1987.
Chesnut, Mary Boykin. Mary Chesnut’s Civil War. Ed. C. Vann Woodward. New Haven:Yale UP, 1981.
________. A Diary from Dixie. Ed. Isabella D. Martin and Myrta Lockett Avary. New
York: Gramercy Books, 1905.
________. A Diary from Dixie. Ed. Ben Ames Williams. Cambridge, Mass: Houghton
Mifflin Company Boston, 1949.
________. A Diary from Dixie. Ed. Ben Ames Williams. With an introduction by Edmund
Wilson. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UP, 1980.
________. Mary Chesnut’s Diary. New York: Penguin Books, 2011.
Clinton, Catherine. Introduction. Mary Chesnut’s Diary. New York: Penguin Books, 2011,xi-xxiv.
Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom! 1936. New York: Vintage International, 1990.
________. Go Down, Moses. 1942. New York: Vintage International, 1990.
________. The Sound and the Fury. 1929. New York: Vintage International, 1990.
Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. Within the Plantation Household. Chapel Hill: U of North
Carolina P, 1988.
Glymph, Thavolta. “African-American Women in the Literary Imagination of MaryBoykin Chesnut.” Slavery, Secession, and Southern History. Ed. RobertLouis Paquette and Louis A. Ferleger. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia,2000, 140-159.
Gwin, Minrose. Introduction. Cornelia Peake McDonald, A Woman’s Civil War. New
York: Gramercy Books, 1992, 3-18.
Harrison, Kimberly. The Rhetoric of Rebel Women: Civil War Diaries and Confederate
Persuasion. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2013.
Wilson, Edmund. Patriotic Gore. 1962. New York: Norton, 1994.
Woodward, C. Vann, and Elisabeth Muhlenfeld. The Private Mary Chesnut: The
Unpublished Civil War Diaries. New York: Oxford UP, 1984.
大井浩二 『日記のなかのアメリカ女性』 英宝社、2002 年。
―――― 『アメリカのジャンヌダルクたち』 英宝社、2005 年。
加藤典洋 『敗者の想像力』 集英社新書、2017 年。
佐藤宏子 『アメリカン・ガールの形成』 暮らしの手帖社、2002 年。

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