Disaster Risk Reduction [DRR]••••

Practices at Local Level

Primary issues: why local DRR is important
Cross-cutting issues
Key examples
Towards policy recommendations

Rajib Shaw
Web: http://www.iedm.ges.kyoto-u.ac.jp/E-mail: shaw.rajib.5u@kyoto-u.ac.jp

Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Primary Issues: why local DRR getting more importance• Changing nature of disasters: climatic hazards• Diversity of communities: localized approach• Evidence from past disasters: local helpinglocal• Increasing global awareness on local needs:
HFA• Sustainability and up-scaling issues:
government involvement on CBDRR
Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Changing nature of disasters
Typhoon 12, September 2-4, 2011

Precipitation per hour
(mm/h)

Precipitation in Kami-kitayama (Nara)

About 3 days

Kyoto University

Total precipitation(mm)

Source: JMA HP

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Diversity of Communities

Process participated(n=71, multiple answer 119 (Aceh), n=77, multiple answer 310 (Yog)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

44%

Selection committee

95%

37%

Selection group leader
7%

Community assessment

21%

59%

14%

66%

3%

Training

Aceh
Yog

53%

House design
Procurement



37%

6%

Community planning

78%
54%

15%

Land consolidation

100%

39%
21%

Quality control

36%

6%
8%

Other

Selection of committee andgroup leader showed highparticipation
Aceh showed low
participation of people inmany processes
Yogyakarta showed highparticipation of people inmany processes

Satisfaction of housing projectAceh and Yogyakarta
showed high satisfactionYogyakarta showed very
high satisfaction

Disaster damage
Community ties

Kyoto University0%Aceh

Yog20%

940%

60%

46343880%

100%

77 2 (n=71)

321 (n=78)

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Very muchYes
Fair
Not much
Not at allCross-cutting Issues• Habitat: home and shelter• Health: daily health care
• Livelihoods: occupation resilience• Education: E-HFA• Environment and Natural Resources:
ecosystem based approach
Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

SchoolbuildingsServerity ofnaturalhazards

545342312

Physical

54Facilites

132

NaturalGuardians

Students

Human resource

1Planning0

Collaboration

554433221

Mobilizing fund24

Frequency ofnaturalhazards

Surrounding
environment

Teachersand staff

3

Hygienic
conditions

1

Education: E-HFA

External
relationship

Institutional

Relationship tocommunity

Kyoto University

Budget1

Management

International Environment and Disaster
Management
6

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Environment and Natural Resource:

Ecosystem bases Adaptation in Infanta, Philippines

Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Key examples of Local DRR• Local institutionalization: Philippines• Local indigenous model: Gujarat, India• Environment based DRR model: Mumbai, India• Youth led DRR: Philippines• Risk communication: Indonesia• School based: Danang (Vietnam), Saijo (Japan)• Welfare based: Kobe (Japan)
Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Mumbai ALM

Established in 1998 as a part of city’s solid waste management program
Locality level activities [combination of slum and formal neighborhood]783 registered ALM
Segregation of waste, recycle [20%], compost [55%]Establishment of public toilet facilities, gradually grown to othercommunity services [women’s empowerment programs]• Found to be less impacted in 2005 flood, rapid rescue operation byneighbors

••
•
•
•

Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Youth Council DRR Activities

Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Youth Council (SK) involvement in DRR

INTERNAL

Sangguniang Kabataan [SK]STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES> The SK has its own annual budget (10% of thevillage budget)> Some youth were only forced by their parents
to run for youth council position> Viewed as training ground for future leaders(e.g., current Makati Mayor was SK official before;
several Barangay Captains were also SK officialspreviously)> SKs can incorporate DRR in existing projects(e.g., Green Brigade, Gender Development, etc.)

EXTERNAL> SKs can reach out to out-of-school youth> Most SK projects are related to sports> Young people are busy with their studies(education is top priority)> No SK has allotted budget specifically for DRR> Very small portion of the youth population
participate in SK election and SK activities

OPPORTUNITIESTHREATS> Increasing use of social media (e-groups,Facebook, SMS, etc.) to communicate with theirpeers regarding SK projects> Some politicians have filed proposals to abolishthe SK (even President Aquino proposes that anelected youth representative be installed insteadof having the SK)> The new Disaster Law is encouraging youth
participation in community-based DRR> Some Barangay Council officials are notsupportive of the SK officials (SK gets more funds
that some village council officials)> The SK can partner with NGOs, governmentorganizations, and academe in planning and> The SK National Federation President is always
implementing DRR activities (e.g., Red Cross, firefrom National
Youth Commission
Internationalabsent
Environmentand Disaster
Managementmeetingsbrigade, University of Makati, etc.)(wastedGraduate Schoolof opportunities)
Global Environmental Studies

Kyoto University

Risk Communication:

Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs)

Ranking of effective risk communicators
32
10%

20%

40%
WWA

Kyoto University

60%
Youth Union

80%100%FBO

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Policy Recommendations• Local DRR needs to be linked to development
issues like health, education, sanitation• Resource commitments of the local
governments• Regular updating and testing of local DRR
initiatives• Strengthen linkage to local knowledge
institutions
Kyoto University

International Environment and Disaster Management

Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies