2011 Yonsei-Nagoya University
Research Exchange Meetings In Health Sciences & Nursing
2011. 11. 3. – 11. 5.

Yonsei University Wonju Campus
Wonju, Republic of Korea

Table of Contents

1. Preface ............................................................................................................................. 4
2. Welcoming remarks ................................................................................................... 5
3. Itinerary ........................................................................................................................... 6
4. Map .................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Organizing committee ............................................................................................. 9
6. Abstracts ........................................................................................................................ 11
A. Nursing .................................................................................................................. 11
B. Radiological Technology ....................................................................................... 34
C. Physical Therapy ................................................................................................... 53
D. Occupational Therapy .......................................................................................... 71
E. Biomedical Laboratory Science ............................................................................. 85

7. List of participants .................................................................................................. 103
8. Reﬂections on the 2010 Meeting .................................................................... 108

㪄㩷㪊㩷㪄Preface
As Dean of College of Health Sciences and on behalf of Yonsei University at Wonju, it
is with great pleasure that I extend my heartfelt welcome to the delegates from Nagoya
University who have travelled long distances to take part in this joint symposium. I believethat this joint symposium will be a unique forum to exchange ideas, discuss matters of mutualinterest and concerns, and share experiences among professors and students between the
two universities. It is my hope that this symposium jointly held by the two institutions will bea long lasting one. This symposium is only just the beginning of our joint efforts. We’ve justtaken a ﬁrst step toward building a greater cooperation and I am very excited to see what wewill be able to produce and accomplish through this joint symposium.

I also hope that your visit to our campus will provide you with a great opportunity to get
to know Korea and the Korean people as well as experience Korean culture in a fragrant fallatmosphere. Now is the best time to see the very best and most beautiful autumn foliage. Fall
weather is something to enjoy here in Korea. Please don’t miss it! I once again welcome all ofyou here and I believe that your visit to our campus has just opened a new chapter of bilateral
cooperation and partnership between the two institutions to closely work together in theyears to come.

Thank you.

Tae Ue Kim, PhD
Dean
College of Health Sciences
Yonsei University

Professor
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science
Yonsei University㪄㩷㪋㩷㪄Welcoming remarks
I welcome all of you to our Yonsei University Wonju campus.
At the beginning of last year the University of Nagoya and the Yonsei University agreed ona collaboration that would include our professors as well as our graduate students in research.
In October 2010, Nagoya University hosted the ﬁrst research project, and now the time hascome that our school to host the second research seminar, and we look forward to this great
opportunity.
I believe that it is an especially meaningful experience for our students and professors toparticipate in this kind of an exchange program.
I believe that the opportunity, we have in this program, to share the customs and culturesof our two neighboring countries, will enable us to be better prepared to face the challenges
of future patient care as we come to understand patient care from the perspective of anothercountry.
Thank you for all of your dedicated work in preparation so that our exchange programs will
ﬂourish. We hope that we will all gain valuable experience from this research seminar.
Finally, even though your stay in Korea will be very short, I hope that your time here is
enjoyable and comfortable.
I welcome you again to our university, and on behalf of Yonsei University Wonju College ofMedicine, I thank you.

Joo Young Park, M.D., Ph.D.
Dean
Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine

㪄㩷㪌㩷㪄ItineraryDate2011. 11. 3.
(Thursday)

Time

Schedule

11:35 a.m.

Arrive at Incheon International Airport(KE752)

1:30 p.m.

Lunch at Deokpyeong Land

4 p.m.

Arrive at Inter-Burgo Hotel Wonju

5:00 p.m

Leave for Yonsei University

5:00~5:40 p.m.

Brief Tour of University Campus/ Check-in at Seyeon Women’s
Dormitory

5:40~8:30 p.m.

Banquet8:30 p.m.

Move to Inter-Burgo Hote l/ Seyeon
Women’s Dormitory

Other
Greeted by Occupational Therapy
Department/Bus provided.
Korean foodCheck-in√ Female students will check-in at
Seyeon Dormitory following banquet

Female students will check-in at
Seyeon Women’s Dormitory
Banquet at Eco Little Theater, Student
Union, Yonsei University

Breakfast at Inter-Burgo Hotel or
Breakfast and check-out at Inter-Burgo
University Cafeteria for Female
8:00~9:30 a.m.
Hotel / Seyeon Dorminotry
Students (Female Students Guided by
Occupational Therapy Students)

2011. 11. 4.
(Friday)

2011. 11. 5.
(Saturay)

9:30 a.m.

Move to Conference Site

10~11 a.m.

Opening Ceremony

11 a.m.~1 p.m.

Departmental Presentations

1~2 p.m.

Lunch

2~5 p.m.

Departmental Presentations

Yonsei University, Wonju Campus
Marion E. Current Seminar Hall (Room120) at Baekun Hall
Baekun Hall, Mirae Hall
Hyonunjae, Yonsei University(Executive Committee Meeting in
Room 103, Hyonunjae)
Mirae Hall, Baekun Hall
Arranged by each academic
department

5~8 p.m.

Dinner8 p.m.

Depart for Seoul

10 p.m.

Arrive at Grand Hilton Hotel

8:00~9:30 a.m.

Breakfast and check-out at
Grand Hilton Hotel

9:30 a.m.

Move to Yonsei University
Severance Hospital

Bus provided

10~11:30 a.m.

Tour of Severance Hospital

Meet in front of Information Desk
on 3rdFloorofMainBuilding(BonKwan
Building). 10 minutes of video and 50
minutes of hospital tour led by Ms.
Jee-eun Ryu (010-5661-0124) and
Ms. Sara Park (010-9920-3431)

11:30 a.m.~
4 p.m.

Lunch & Free time

Bus provided

4 p.m.

Move to Incheon International Airport

Bus provided

5:30 p.m.

Arrive at airport

Check-in

7 p.m.

Leave for Nagoya

KE751

㪄㩷㪍㩷㪄

Bus will depart in front of Medical
Industry Techno Tower
Check-in

-7-

-8-

Organizing committeeᝁ┽ၝ(Tae Min Shin)

Professor

Department of Biomedical Engineeringᝁᮅ⯍(Yun Hee Shin)

Professor

Department of Nursing᳑⬉ᖒ(Hyo Sung Cho) Professor

Department of Radiological Science⦽ᅪᙹ(Bong Soo Han)

Department of Radiological Science

Professorᮁ᜚⩥(Sung Hyun You) Professor

Department of Physical Therapyၶᙹ⩥(Soo Hyun Park) Assistant Professor

Department of Occupational Therapyᯕʑ᳦(Ki-Jong Rhee)

Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science

Assistant Professor

Sponsors

College of Health Sciences Yonsei University
Institute of Health Science Yonsei University
Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation (IACF), Yonsei University Wonju Campus

㪄㩷㪐㩷㪄Abstracts

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VXEW\SHV IURP RWKHU VXEW\SHV RI LQIOXHQ]D $ YLUXV $OVR WKH VSHFLILFLW\ DQG WKH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI
WKH PHWKRG XVLQJ UHDOWLPH 1$6%$ ZHUH KLJKHU WKHQ WKDW RI 573&5 7KLV VWXG\ VXJJHVWVWKDW UDSLG GHWHFWLRQ RI QHRDSSHDUDQFH SDQGHPLF LQIOXHQ]D $ YLUXV XVLQJ UHDOWLPH 1$6%$
KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VXEW\SHV RI UHVSLUDWRU\ SDWKRJHQ㪄 㪈㪇㪈 㪄List of Participants - Yonsei
Department

Name(Korean)Name(English)Positione-mailBiomedical
Engineeringᝁ┽ၝ

Tae Min Shin

Professor

tmshin@yonsei.ac.kr

Nursingᝁᮅ⯍Yun Hee Shin

Professor

yhshin@yonsei.ac.kr

Nursingᦩ᧲⯍Yang Heui Ahn

Professor

ahn57@yonsei.ac.kr

Nursing⨩⩽Ğ

Hea Kung HurProfessor

hhk0384@yonsei.ac.kr

NursingᯥᩢၙYoung Mi Lim

Professor

youngmi@yonsei.ac.kr

Nursingၶᗭၙ

So Mi Park

Associate Professor

somi@yonsei.ac.kr

NursingʡʑᩑGi Yon Kim

Associate Professor

gykim@yonsei.ac.kr

NursingʡʑĞ

Ki Kyong Kim

Associate Professor

kyongkk@yonsei.ac.kr

Physical Therapyᮁ᜚⩥Sung Hyun You

Professor

neurorehab@yonsei.ac.kr

Physical Therapyᱥ⩽ᖁHye-SeonJeon

Professor

hyeseonj@yonsei.ac.kr

Physical Therapyᝁ⨭ᕾHeon-Seock Cynn

Professor

cynn@yonsei.ac.kr

ᮁᮡᩢ

Eun-young Yoo

Professor & Chairsplash@yonsei.ac.kr

ᱶၝᩩMin-Ye Jung

Associate Professor

minye@yonsei.ac.kr

ၶᙹ⩥

Soo Hyun Park

Assistant Professor

parksoohyun@yonsei.ac.kr

ၶḡ⩢Ji-Hyuk Park

Assistant Professor

otscientist@yonsei.ac.kr

᪅᪆ࢱ

Ok-doo Awh

Professor

immunoch@yonsei.ac.krʡ┽ᬑ

Tae-ue Kim

Professor & Dean

kimtu@yonsei.ac.krʡ᳦႑Jong-bae Kim

Professor

kimjb70@yonsei.ac.kr

ၶᬊᕾYong-serk Park

Professor

parkys@yonsei.ac.krᯕ⩽ᩢ

Hye-young Lee

Professor & Chairhyelee@yonsei.ac.kr

ʡᮅᕾYoon-suk Kim

Associate Professor

yoonsukkim@yonsei.ac.kr

ᯕʑ᳦Ki-Jong Rhee

Assistant Professor

kjrhee@yonsei.ac.kr↽ḡ⩽Ji Hea Choi

Fellow

jiheachoi@yonsei.ac.kr

Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
ScienceNursing㪄㩷㪈㪇㪊㩷㪄

Nursing↽Ğ᪆

Gyeong Ok Choi

Teaching Assistantcgo119@hanmail.net

Nursing↽ᩢᵝYoung Ju Choi

MSN

kochipin@nate.com

Nursingྙ⦺⯍

Hak Hee Moon

Graduate student

hhpia@hanmail.net

Nursingv⩽ᬱ

Hye Won Kang

Graduate student

angle9991002@hanmail.net

Nursingᱥ⯍ᱶ

Hee Jeong Jeon

Graduate student

heej1339@naver.com

Nursing⧉ᱶᙺJeong Suk Ham

Graduate student

onyou153@hanmai.net

Nursing႒ḡᮡJi Eun Baek

Graduate student

anaba100@hanmail.net

Nursingᘂᱶ⯍Jung Hee Song

Graduate student

leesong713@naver.com

NursingᱶḡᙹJi Soo Jung

Graduate student

papaya1978@hanmail.net

Nursing

ᝁ࠺ᮡDong Eun Shin

Graduate student

adel0408@hanmail.net

NursingᯕɝᙺGeun Sook Lee

Graduate student

eormsdl00@naver.com

Nursingʡᗭᩢ

So Young Kim

Graduate student

atom522@naver.com

Nursing‫י‬ḡ⯍Ji Hee Noh

Graduate student

redfoxjh@hanmail.net

Nursingᯕ᜚ɩSeung Geum Lee

Graduate student

lsg3017@hanmail.net

Physical Therapy

ᯕᬱ⭹

Won-Hwee Lee

Graduate student

kema97@yonsei.ac.kr

Physical TherapyʡᙹᱶSu-Jung Kim

Graduate student

ssambac1@hotmail.com

Physical Therapy⪮ḡᦥJi-A Hong

Graduate student

ptjia@hanmail.net

Physical Therapyᯥᬱኩ

One-Bin Lim

Graduate student

onebin7942@hotmail.com

Physical Therapyʡ┽ḥ

Tae-jin Kim

Graduate student

xowlszzzz@naver.com

Physical TherapyၶĞၙKyung-Mi Park

Graduate student

motiveS2@yonsei.ac.kr

Physical TherapyᝁᮅęYoon-Kyum Shin

Graduate student

kyum309@naver.com

Physical Therapyᯕᰍḥ

Jae-Jin Lee

Graduate student

cymdyb@naver.com

Physical Therapyᯕ⯍ᬱ

Hee-Won Lee

Graduate student

vichw@hanmail.net

Physical Therapyvᖁᩢ

Sun-YoungKang

Graduate student

rloveush@hanmail.net

ǭᰍᖒ

Jae-Sung Kwon

Graduate student

kkoombo@yonsei.ac.krᮁᯙȽ

In-Gyu Yoo

Graduate student

ig0623@empas.com

Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy㪄㩷㪈㪇㪋㩷㪄

Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Occupational
Therapy
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science
Biomedical Lab.
Science᳑޶ᩑ

Duk-Youn Cho

Graduate student

guylian77@naver.com

ʡ⦽ᗵHan-Sol Kim

Graduate student

soriyam@nate.com

᳑⩥ĞHyun-Kyung Jo

Graduate student

hyun073022@nate.com

ᮁḡᮡ

Ji-Eun Yoo

Graduate student

ujeeun@nate.com

ʡḡᩩ

Ji-Yea Kim

Graduate student

toryjiye0918@gmail.com↽ᮅၙYoon-Mi Choi

Graduate student

chymym@gmail.com

᳑ᮡၙ

Eun-Mi Jo

Graduate student

hopeotem@naver.com

ᯥᰍᬱ

Jae-won Lim

Graduate student

jaewon330@hanmail.net

᳑ᮅᱶYun-jung Cho

Graduate student

black5579@naver.com

ᯕȽᔢ

Kyu-sang Lee

Post-doctoral Fellow

innkeepers@hanmail.net

ʡᔍ⩥Sa-hyun Kim

Graduate student

kimsh@yonsei.ac.kr

ၶၝ

Min Park

Graduate student

xowkdvk@naver.com

ʡᱶᕾJung-suk Kim

Graduate student

blue6749@naver.com

ᯕᩑĞYeon-kyung Lee

Graduate student

yunni8011@hanmail.net

ᱶ⪵ᩑ

Hwa-yeon Jung

Graduate student

cca1987@hanmail.net

ᝁᩢᮡYeong-eun shin

Graduate student

1pororo9@naver.com

ḥ⩥ᬑHyun-woo Jin

Post-doctoral Fellow

jjinhw@nate.com↽ᩑᯥYeon-im Choi

Post-doctoral Fellow

poohlike80@hanmail.net

ၶᔢᱶSang-jung Park

Graduate student

wva276sj@naver.com

ʡᖒ⩥Sung-hyun Kim

Graduate student

ksungh20@hotmail.com

ʡ⩥ᱶHyun-jung Kim

Graduate student

betomeet@naver.com

႒ᦥ෥Ah-reum Baek

Graduate student

greenchoa27@nate.com

⦹⩶᳦

Hyung-jong Ha

Graduate student

imhotjay@naver.com

ᯕĞ⪮

Kyung-hong Lee

Graduate student

bighong7@hanmail.net

ᯕၝ⪙Min-ho Lee

Graduate student

lmh77777@naver.comvᩍᬙ

Yeo-ul Kang

Graduate student

yy1006@naver.com

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪌㩷㪄

List of Participants - Nagoya
Departments

Name(Japanese)

Name(English)Position

E-mailNursing᭏ේਭቁ

SAKAKIBARA, Hisataka

Professor(Head, School of
Health Sciences)sbara@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursingᳰ᧻⵨ሶ

IKEMATSU, Yuko

Professor

ikematsu@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursingદ⮮ዏሶITO, Naoko

Assistant Professor

ito-n@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursingᣂኅ৻ノ

NIINOMI,Kazuteru

Assistant Professor

niinomi@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnology

ዊኹศⴤ

KODERA, Yoshie

Professor

kodera@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnology

ዊጊୃม

KOYAMA, Shuji

Associate Professor

koyama@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology

ዊ᎑ືੱ

KOJIMA, Tetsuhito

Professor

kojima@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnologyᎹㇱ䇭ൕ

KAWABE, Tsutomu

Professor

kawabe@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology

᳗↰ᶈਃ

NAGATA, Kohzo

Professor

nagata@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapyᴡ᧛቞㓶

KAWAMURA, Morio

Professor

kawamura@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapyጊ↰⚐↢

YAMADA, Sumio

Professor

yamadas@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Occupational
TherapyỈ↰㓶ੑ

SAWADA, Yuji

Professor

yusawada@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Occupational
Therapy⟤๺ජ዆MIWA, Chihiro

Associate Professor

miwa@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursing㕍⍹ᕺሶ

AOISHI, Keiko

Graduatestudent
DC3

aoishi.keiko@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

NursingฎỈ੝⍫ሶ

FURUZAWA, Ayako

Graduatestudent
DC3

furuzawa.ayako@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursingጊᧄ⌀ታ

YAMAMOTO, Mami

Graduatestudent
DC3

yamamoto.mami@c.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Nursingጊ↰┨ሶ

YAMADA, Shoko

Graduatestudent
DC1

yamada.shoko@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnologyㄭ⮮᤯ᐔ

KONDO, Shimpei

Graduatestudent
MC1kondo.shimpei@e.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnology

㥲⮮ఝᏗ

SAITO, Yuki

Graduatestudent
MC1saitoh.yuuki@e.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnology⠀႐෹ା

HABA, Tomonobu

Graduatestudent
MC1haba.tomonobu@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp㪄㩷㪈㪇㪍㩷㪄

RadiologicalTechnologyᨋ䇭ᄢ⾆HAYASHI, Daiki

Graduatestudent
MC1

hayashi.daiki@g.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnology

᧖ᧄᚑੱ

SUGIMOTO, Naruto

Graduatestudent
MC2

sugimoto.naruto@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

RadiologicalTechnologyᨋ䇭⚿દ

HAYASHI, Yui

Graduatestudent
MC2hayashi.yui@b.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnologyዊᨋ⟤ᴕ

KOBAYASHI, Misa

Graduatestudent
MC2

kobayashi.misa@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology㉿ਛ䇭⪇

SATONAKA, Hana

Graduatestudent
MC2

satonaka.hana@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology㜟ᵤ⟤๺

TAKATSU, Miwa

Graduatestudent
MC2takatsu.miwa@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology

ኹ⷏ᓀ㚅

TERANISHI, Ayaka

Graduatestudent
MC2

teranishi.ayaka@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

MedicalTechnology㋈ᧁᢕᄦ

SUZUKI, Atsuo

Graduatestudent
DC2

suzuki.atsuo@d.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapy౉⼱⋥᮸

IRITANI, Naoki

Graduatestudent
MC1

iritani.naoki@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapy⪤ේᖘᄥ

HAGIWARA, Yuta

Graduatestudent
MC1

hagiwara.yuta@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapy

ർ㊁⾆ਯ

KITANO, Takayuki

Graduatestudent
MC2kitano.takayuki@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapy᧛ἑᢙ㚍

MURASE, Kazuma

Graduatestudent
MC2murase.kazuma@c.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
TherapyᐔᎹ୶ᕺ

HIRAKAWA, Tomoe

Graduatestudent
DC2

hirakawa.tomoe@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapy⍹↰┨⌀

ISHIDA, Akimasa

Graduatestudent
DC3

ishida.akimasa@c.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Physical
Therapyᴡ㊁⵨ᴦKONO, Yuji

Research Assistantkono.yuji@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Occupational
Therapy㤥↰⌀᪸

KURODA, Mari

Graduatestudent
MC2

kuroda.mari@f.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Occupational
Therapy↰ਛ዁⵨

TANAKA, Masahiro

Graduatestudent
MC2tanaka.masahiro@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

OccupationalਛᎹਈ྾㇢
Therapy

NAKAGAWA, Yoshiro

Graduatestudent
DC2nakagawa.yoshiro@d.mbox.nagoya-u.
ac.jp

Graduatestudent
DC2

watabe.takashi@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Occupational
Therapyᷰㇱ⾆ผ

WATABE, Takashi

Occupational
TherapyጊᎹ䈵䈫䉂

YAMAKAWA, Hitomi

Graduatestudent
yamakawa.hitomi@b.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp
MC1

Occupational
Therapyጊਅ⚓ઍ

YAMASHITA, Sayo

Graduatestudent
MC1㪄㩷㪈㪇㪎㩷㪄

yamashita.sayo@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Reflections on the 2010 Meeting1DJR\D<RQVHL8QLYHUVLW\5HVHDUFK([FKDQJH0HHWLQJV 
RQ+HDOWK6FLHQFH ॳ˗̛1DJR\D-DSDQa2FWREHU ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ ٗ࢕ऑЯଝࠉ˱‫ݨ‬̡‫ୃ۽‬
ϗ ࡖ ࢊ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬Οˈߞоଝ Ьࢇ਍ ৪૊‫߾ݛ‬۰ ࠊռ Οˈߞоଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ˕ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝɾࢂ ࠉ˱ ଝܽˬզ߾ ॳɼଜ̛ ࡢଥ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ʎ ଝ˕ࢉ ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ ̐չˈ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ࡕ࣯ࢂ˕оଝɾ୎ଝ˕ࢂ о૲ ˬܹЧҚ˕ оଝࡕۢҚࢇ ࢉঊ˓ତ߾۰ ֻࠆ ࢉ‫ی‬ձ ΟϾ ҋ ࢊ‫ࡳق‬Ի ଯବЬߟ ѿ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ୯ ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜࠑˈ ࢏˲‫یݪ‬ձ ଜˈ Οࠝ࢕ց࢕ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ؏‫ח‬Яࡶ ୚ࠒଜЕ ૅֆࡶ Қˈ ࢊ‫ق‬Οˈߞоଝ߾۰ ࠝ‫߇ ݦ‬ΰ࢕ ٗҚ͉۰ ୚ࠒࡶ ଥ࣯܏Ь ࢊ‫߭ق‬ձ࢚ ଜए ‫׃‬ଜЕ ࡉչ ؏‫ח‬Яࡶ ࡢଥ Οˈߞоଝ߾۰ Мܺଜऑ ߉एփ ߭Г ࢽѦ ଞ˲߭ о୘ɼɼМଞ ߇ΰ࢕ ٗࡶ ‫ؿ‬ΰ࣯‫܈‬۰ ‫ؿ‬Ь ૜ଜʯ ࢊࢽࢇ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ߟ ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦ ‫܈‬ડ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ୎੫Ի ଯବЬ ˓ତ߾۰Е ଞ˲߭ ߇ΰશࢇ ࢑ˈ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢂ ̡ۢۚѦ ‫ݢٸ‬ଥ ࢊ‫࠱ ߾ق‬ЬЕ‫ݨ‬ʃࡶ ГΚ ܹ ߷߹एփ ˓ତ߾۰ ୎੫Ի ଯଜЕ ̟߾ ࢊ‫࣯ ݥق‬੔˕ ࢊ‫ ߭ق‬ɾશ ࣛࡉɼ ؆оԻ ѹ ८Ի ҟࡶ ‫ִؿ‬۰ ࢊ‫ݨ ࡶࡸ࠱ ߾ق‬ʃଟ ܹ ࢑߹Ь Οˈߞ ‫ݤ‬Е ‫߶ۏ‬Ѧ‫ࠆݤ‬۰ ̐Ԟए քࡵ ˵ӡҚ˕ ˓ࢠҚࡶ ࣯ࡢ߾۰ ‫ݒ‬ʯ ‫߹࢑ ܹ ك‬Ь ୎੫߾ Ѧ९ଞ ࡉչ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ؏‫ח‬Яࡵ कࡶ ૻˈ ֻࠆ Οˈߞ оଝ ‫ࡳࡕػ‬Ի ଯବЬ ߲ց ࢷ ۚՀʯ ऎ঵Ѹˈ չֻљրѹ Οˈߞ оଝ‫ػ‬ࡕࡵ ‫ݨ‬ΰɼ ֐ࡉ ̳Δଜʯ ࢽѨѸ߭ ࢑߹ˈ ֻ̍ Ӗଞ ˲ΰࢂ ए؏оଝ‫ٸ ߾ֻ̍ ࡕػ‬ଥ ৺ЬΟˈߞоଝ‫ ߾ࡕػ‬Ѧ९ଜ࢕ց࢕ Οˈߞࠪ Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ୖ‫̐ ࢕ॺؿ‬չˈ ࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽˬզ߾ оଞ߇ΰॺ࢕ࠪ ָॲҚࡶ ؇ߑˈ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ‫ܕ‬ʎࠪ ࠇ‫ ߾ی‬оଞ ۶ָࡶ Қ߹Ь ࡉչ؏‫ח‬Яࡶ ࡢଥ ۰આհ ଞ˲ֆ ࢉ‫ی‬Қࡶ ؈૲࢕ҚցЬ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଥࠪ ࢶ̑ࢶࡳԻ ୖ‫ؿ‬ଜˈ ୚ࠒଥ࣯Е Οˈߞоଝ্ ˬܹЧҚ˕ ˗˃࢕ ٗҚ͉ ʃѰ˕ ˈցࡏࡶ Г͓Ь Οˈߞоଝ ‫ ؀‬оଝ‫ ߾ࡕػ‬оଞ ۶ָࡶҙˈ ࡉչЕ ‫ ࡕػ‬આ߭ձ ଜࠑЬ ˗԰ ʦ‫ ˕ݨی‬৔Վ‫ ݨ‬ҟ ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕձ ˱ˁଜࠑЬ ֻ̍Ο ‫ݤ‬۶Қ ִ߾۰Е ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ࡕ̛࣯ѧ‫ ਼ ˕ࡕػ‬८ࢇЕ ߷߹एփ ߔࡳԻࢂ ϠԶ୘ ‫ی‬ୣ߾ о‫ٸ‬ଞ ৔Վ ʦ‫ݤی‬۶Қ ִ߾۰Е ࡉչɼ шࡊ ‫ࠬؿ‬ଥ Οɼߞ Ѻ ଗࡁ‫ ࡶࡸ࢑ ࢇ۽‬ГΚ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ‫ࡕػ‬આ߭ձ ց৖ ҋ ࡉչ ؏‫ח‬Яࡵ ࢵϖ‫یݥ‬ձ ࡢଥ ࠉୣࢠࡳԻ ଯବЬ ࠉୣࢠ߾Е Οˈߞоଝࢂ ˗԰ଝ˕ࢂ ֻҘ ˬܹЧ ࠉ˱ˬܹЧҚ ‫˗ ؀‬԰ଝ˕ࢂ ˬऐࡕ ٗҚࢇ ֻѿ Οࠪ ࡉչձ ̛Ьչˈ ࢑߹ˈ ࠉୣЕ ‫ ࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ࡉչоଝ߾ оଞ ୚ࠒ‫ی‬Ի ࠉୣЕ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹ˈ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ɽ ଝ˕ࢂ ˬܹЧҚ ̐չˈ ࡉչ ؏‫ח‬Я ্ ˬܹЧҚ˕ оଝࡕۢࢇ ɽ࢕ ࢕̛‫ܕ‬ʎࠪ ࢉ‫ی‬ձ Οϼ߹ˈ
ЬࡸΤ ࢑ࡶ ଝܽˬզ ଭ‫ߔ ߾ی‬۰ ‫׵‬չ ৖ଥओ ܹ ࢑Е ࣚࡵ ̛ୣɼ Ѹ߹Ь Οˈߞࢂ ߞˁࢇ㪄㩷㪈㪇㪏㩷㪄

ଞϾ߾ ҚࠆЬ‫ࢇؿ‬Е Οˈߞоଝ‫ ࡕػ‬ɼࢠ ࡢ৓߾ ࢑Е ࠉୣࢠࡵ ߅࣯ ࢉۘࢇ ̦߹ˈˈ ࠉୣձ ࡢଥ ֋࢑Е ࡸ‫ݥ‬Қࢇ ࣱ‫ٸ‬Ѹ߭ ࢑߹Ь ɾЯଞ ‫ܕ‬ʎ ‫ یࢉ ؀‬୯߾ ࠉୣձ ΟϼЕ Ѱ߇ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ˬܹЧҚ˕ ଡ͉ ࠉ˱ ‫ ؀‬ɽ ΟԂԂࢂ ୃࢢ ۘଢ଼Қ߾ оଞ о୘ձ ΟЀ ܹ ࢑߭ ࣚ ࡵ ࢽ‫ˬؿ‬զࢂ ࢠࢇ Ѻ ܹ ɼ ࢑߹ˈ ‫ؿ߸ה‬ЬѦѦ ۰Ի ۘо؏ΟԂࢂ ߯߭Е ଜए ‫׃‬ଜएփ ࠒ߭ ԂЕ ˓੼߯߭Ի‫ ނ‬о୘ɼ ࠉʼࢇ Ѹˈ ۰Իࢂ ˓ʃоձ˓Οϼˈ ࣚࡵ ࢽ‫ˬؿ‬զձ ଟ ܹ ࢑ЬЕ ࢺ߾۰ ‫̛ݦ‬ଜ̛Ѧ ଜˈ քࡵ Ѧࡏࢇ Ѹ߹ы ʨ ʋЬ ߟ ѿ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦࢂ ࠉୣձ ց৖ ҋ ߅‫ ࡶ ࡏݍ‬ҋԻଜˈЬࡸΤ ࢊࢽࡶ ࡢଥ ܺ‫ܕ‬Ի ଯବˈ உ‫ࡶݥ‬உীବЬѿ ‫ء‬ध Τ ࡖ ࡵ ୎੫߾۰ ࢊ‫߅ ݥق‬৚‫یݥ‬Ի‫ ࢇ࢖ݤ ނ‬Ѹ߹Ь ࢊ‫ ߅ ݥق‬৚‫یݥ‬ձ ଞҋ Οˈߞоଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝࢇ ࢑ЕЕ Ьࢇ਍ ৪૊‫ݛ‬Ի ଯବЬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ оଝࡕࡕ о୉ ʈࢂ‫ࡉ ߾ݨ‬չоଝ ্ ؏‫ח‬Я˕ Οˈߞо ଝ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝࢂ ֻҘ ˬܹЧҚ оଝࡕۢҚࢂ ॳࠆɼࡋіϗѦ ѿ оଝɾࢂ ଝܽˬզ ଭ‫ی‬‫ی‬ɼ ‫ ࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ۢɽ‫ؿ‬Ь քࡵ ଝۢҚ˕ ˬܹЧ Қ͉۰ ॳɼଞ ɼࡋі ଭ‫ی‬ɼ ‫ ࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ࠝࢷ߾߾Е ࡉչоଝ ্ ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ ˬܹЧ˕ оଝࡕ ۢࢂ ଎Ԧࣁ੨ࢇ‫ࡳ܊‬Ի ଝܽ ˬզɼ ‫ ࢇ࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹߹Ь ѿ ΟԂࢂ ࢷ঑ࢶࢉ ‫ؿ‬ʢ ࢂՎٗߞ߾ оଞ ‫ٸ‬‫ۘ ࠪˬٸ‬ଢ଼Қࡶ ߊ ܹ ࢑Е ࣚࡵ ̛ୣɼ Ѹ߹ˈ ɽ࢕ ۰Իࢂ Ьհ ࢏ࢠ˕ ࢂʺࢇ ۰Ի ੵࢂѸˈˈ ۰Ի ࣏߯ࡶ ΟϼЕ ҟ ࣚࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢇ߹Ьࠝࢷ ‫ ࢇ܊ۿ‬Ζ΢ ҋ Я঑ ‫ی‬ऑ঩঩ࠒࡶ ଜˈ ѿ оଝࢂ ɽ ˕‫ط‬Ի ֻࠆ ࢊ‫ ݥق‬Ѧ‫ݤ‬ԃࢉ ؓӖձ ֟߹Ь ࢺ‫ִࡳ֟ ࡶݪ‬۰ Οˈߞߞоଝˬ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ࢂ ˬܹЧҚ˕ оଝࡕۢ ؈ ૲࢕Қ˕ ք㪄 㪈㪇㪐 㪄ࡵ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼˈ ɽ оଝࢂ оଝࡕۢ߾ оଞ ଝˬࠪ ࢽٕࢂ एࡕ ҟ ‫ݨ‬ओࢶࢉ оଝࡕۢ୛߾оଞ ɽ࢕ࢂ ࢇߞ̛ձ ΟЀ ܹ ࢑Е ࣚࡵ ˃̛ɼ Ѹ߹Ь ֋࢑Е ࢺ‫ یݥݪ‬୯ ɽ ଝ˕‫ط‬Ի ࠉ˱ˬզ ؈૲ɼ ‫ ࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ࡉչ ্ о૲Я ָࢂ ࠉ˱؈૲ࠪ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ָࢂ оଝࡕۢࢂ ࠉ˱؈૲ɼ ࢇ߭࣌ˈ ۰Ի߾ʯ քࡵ ओ‫࣌߭ࢇ ࢇ࣏߯ ˕ח‬Ьઞ஢ ࡉչоଝࡵ ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞоଝ߾ ‫ٸ‬ଥ ٗ࢕ऑЯ ‫࢕ࢷࡪ ؀‬৔Վ ٗߞ߾۰Е ‫ؿ‬Ь ߔ۰࢑ˈ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬Οˈߞоଝࡵ ۢչଝ ‫ػ‬չଝ ִࠇଝ ୄߖଝ˕ ۢ୘ଝࢶࢉ ̛টଝ‫߾ߞٗח‬۰ ࡉչоଝ߾ ‫ٸ‬ଥ ࡖҟଞ ࠉ˱‫ݤ‬۶ ‫˱ࠉ ؀‬୛Ѱࡶ ଜˈ ࢑߹Ь ҬԂ۰ ѿ оଝɾࢂ ࠉ˱ˬզձ ੼ଥ̛টࠉ˱ࠪ ࡻࡈٗߞɼ ࢚ ߭ࡉԜऑЬִ ۰Ի߾ʯ ‫ؿ‬Ь քࡵ Ѧࡏࢇ Ѻ ܹ ࢑ࡶ ʨࡳԻ ࠖۘѹЬ ઞ஢ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬Οˈߞ оଝࡵ ࡉչоଝ˕Е бչ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕߾ ߟ ָ ࢽѦࢂ ˬܹЧ ‫ࠉ ؀‬˱ˬܹЧࢇ ˃‫ ࢇָ ࣸ ̐ ˈݤ‬PHGLFDO GRFWRUԻ‫ࡉ ނ‬չоଝ߾ ‫ٸ‬ଥ ‫ݨ‬ओࢶࢉ ࢎۘࢂࠪࢂ ࢂ‫ی‬‫ˬ˱ࠉ ˕੼ܕ‬զɼ ‫ؿ‬Ь ‫ݒ‬ʯ ࢚ ࢇՔ߭ एˈ ࢑Е ʨࡳԻ ‫ࠑؿ‬Ь ̐չˈ ઞ஢ ۢչଝ˕ ‫ػ‬չଝୄߖଝ ˬ࡫ࡶ ࡢଞ ‫ ˕ࡕػ‬Ѱࢊଞ ‫ݤݡݨ‬۶Қ˕ ࠉ˱ձ ࡢଞ ࠉ˱‫ݤ‬۶Қࢇ ҬԻ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ɼ Ѹ߭࢑߭ ѿ оଝɾࢂ ˬզձ ੼ଥ ୃࢢ ࡉչΟԂ߾Е ٕ࣐ଞ ۢչଝ ‫ػ‬չଝ ୄߖଝ ٗߞࢂ ࢉࢢ ‫؀‬ࢷ‫ח‬ɼձ ੁࡓΰЕ і߾ քࡵ Ѧࡏࢇ Ѻ ʨࡳԻ ۢɽࢇ Ѹˈ ࢇԜଞ ࡉչΟԂ߾۰ ٕ࣐ଞ ٗߞ߾۰Ѧ ߔ۰ ΟʃࡳԻ‫ ނ‬Ьհ оଝҚ߾ ‫ٸ‬ଥ ८‫ط‬୘ѹ ࢉࢢձ ੁࡓΰˈ ‫׵‬Ԏ߾Ѧ ˁࢪԯࢇ ࢑Е˲ΰ ফˈࢂ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕Ի ʠҝΤ ܹ ࢑ࡶ ʨࡳԻ ࠖۘѹЬֻҘ ࠉ˱؈૲Қࡶ ց৖ ҋ Οˈߞоଝ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ࢂ ɽ ࠉ˱‫ ݨ‬આ߭ձ ‫࢖ݤ‬ବЬ ˬܹЧҚ ցЬ ୃࢢࢂ ऑଭࣸࢉ ࠉ˱˕ࢿҚ˕ ‫ࢉق‬Қࢂ ࠉ˱‫ࢶݨݨ‬Қࡶ ࠉ˱‫ـ ݨ‬Ѧࢂ ‫ܹˬ ˕ص‬Чࠉ˱‫ ߾ص ݨ‬٠ࠆϪˈ ଜΟଜΟ ࢕‫ۿ‬஢ ۶ָଥ࣯‫ݦ࢕ ˈݤ‬Қࢂ ࠉ˱‫߾ݨ‬۰ Οࠟ Ϣ‫ח‬Қࡶ ଜΟଜΟ ࢉ‫ܥ‬ଥ۰ ۴‫י‬Ի ࣯‫ݤ‬Е ҟࢂ ؑԮࠪ ࢕‫ݦ‬Қࢂ ࠉ˱߾ оଞ ࢕ٕ‫ ࢉࢶ̑ࢶ ˕ݪ‬۶ָ ҟࡶ੼ଥ Ӗ ଞ‫ ء‬ʃѰࡶ ؇ߑˈ ‫ق‬؇߅ߞ ଟ ࢺࡳԻ ۢɽ Ѹ߹Ь ԓઆ߭ձ ց৖ ҋ ଝ˕‫ ط‬Я঑‫ی‬ऑ ঩ࠒࡶ ଜࠑЬ Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ˬܹЧҚ͉۰Е ࡉչ্ ؏‫ח‬Яࡶ ࡢଥ ɼࢠ ࣚࡵ ࢕չձ оଝࡕۢҚ߾ʯ ߦ‫ؿ‬ଜ‫ݤ‬Е ҟ քࡵ ؑԮձ ଥ࣯܏Ь ֻҘ ࢊࢽࢇ ց৖ ҋ ɽ ଝ˕‫ࠉ ط‬ୣ ࢠ‫ܕ‬ԻࢇѰࡶ ବˈ ࡉչЕ ࢊ‫ݥࡸ ݥق‬Қ˕ ୣձ ֟ࡳֲ шࡊ ̦ࡵ ࢇߞ̛Қࡶ ΟЀ ܹ ࢑߭ ࣚࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ Ѹ߹Ь ࠉୣࢠ߾۰ քࡵ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼִ۰ քࡵ ࢽ‫ؿ‬Қ Ӗଞ ଡ͉ ߱ࡶ ܹ ࢑߹Ь㪄 㪈㪈㪇 㪄ઞ஢ Οˈߞоଝ߾۰Е ୃࢢ ָࢂ Ϡ‫࢕ܹۘ ۘخ‬ɼ ࢑ˈ ࠝ৞࢕ੁ ଎Ԧ̐֠ઝձ ؈ʺଥβ ࠝ৞࢕ੁ ˬܹЧࢇ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ˬܹЧࢇ߹ЬЕ ‫ ݨی‬Ӗଞ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹ˈ ֐ࡉ ‫̛ݦ‬ଜ̛ѦଜࠑЬ ଡ͉ ‫ی‬ऑѦ ०ˈ ۰Իࢂ ָଡࡶ Οϼֲ ߔࡳԻࢂ ˬզձ ̛ߟବˈ ߅‫ݒ‬एփ ҂ध ΤࢊࢽѦ ֻѿ ց৔ʯ Ѹ߹Ь ցएւ Τࡵ Οˈߞࢂ Ѧ‫ ࡶݪ‬҂Ԝ‫ ֲؿ‬ց‫ה‬չ ଟ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ‫ࢊ؃‬ɾࢂ डࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾ Ѱ߇ քࡵ ࢊࢽҚࡶ ‫ܕ‬୘ଥ ΰГԂ քࢇ ଔˈଜˈ ஦Қ̛Ѧ ଜࠑएփ ଞ˲ࡳԻѪ߅ࠝЕ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛ձ ੉ִ۰ քࡵ ߅‫ࡳߔ ˕ࡏݍ‬Ի ࣚࡵ ˬզɼ Ѻ ܹ ࢑ЬЕ ɼМ‫ ࢂ۽‬ஜ֌ Ӗଞɼओ ܹ ࢑߹Ь डࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾ Ѱ߇ ࢇ߹एփ ˬզ ଭ‫ی‬ձ ࡢଞ ࢶ̑ࢶࢇִ۰Ѧ քࡵ ࣱ‫ؑ ࠪٸ‬Ԯձଥ࣯‫ قࢊ ݦ‬Οˈߞоଝ ্ ˗˃࢕Қ͉ ʃ‫ی‬ձ Җչˈ ‫ؿ߸ה‬ЬѦ оଝࡕۢҚ߾ʯ ࢇԞ ࣚࡵ ଝܽ ˬզࢂ ̛ୣࠪ ‫ؿ‬Ь υࡵ ‫ߞݤ‬ձ ʉˈ ‫׵‬Ԏएଯࢶࢉ ۢɽࡶ ଞ‫ ء‬ш ଟ ܹ ࢑ѦԼ ࣚࡵ ̛ୣձ ɼओ ܹ ࢑ѦԼ Ѧ࣯ࠪ‫ۿࠉ ݦ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ˕ ˗԰ ˬܹЧҚ͉Ѧ ऑ‫ࡳݪ‬Ի ʃ‫ ࢂی‬ցࡸࡶ ҖջЬ ‫ٸ‬Լ ঎ ࠉ˱ˬզ ଭ‫ࠑی‬एփ ঈࡸࢂ ‫׵׵ ࡵ࢖ݤ‬ବएփ ࢇ‫ˬ ء‬զɼ ‫ؿ‬Ь ؈ࢷଜˈ ֐ϗ ࢇ߭ࣇ۰ ߔࡳԻ ࡉչΟԂࠪ ‫˃ۿ‬ձ ࢇΏ߭ Οʀ ۴ѿ࣯࢕ࢉ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝࢇ Ѹ̛ ࡢଞ ˃̛ɼ Ѹ߹ࡳִ ࣚʵЬ㪄 㪈㪈㪈 㪄 1DJR\D<RQVHL 8QLYHUVLW\ 5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV
RQ +HDOWK 6FLHQFHV ॳ˗̛ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ ۱‫੼ ی؃‬ଢ˕ࢽ ‫ࢽۘ؃‬ ϗ  ࡖ  ࢊ ̖ࡁࢊ ߅৚ ά  ‫ٸ ٗ  ݤ‬ଭ̛ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ֍঴̛ ࡢଥ ࡕ࣯߾۰ ߅৚ ࢊ०ষ؈ଜࠆ ߟ‫ܖ‬ѹ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ‫ؿ‬Ь ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦ ‫ڃ‬ծʯ ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜࠑЬ ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ ଜТ ૡࢊࠝࢷࢇԂ ̐Ԟए ۢɽ‫ؿ‬ЬЕ ଞ‫ۏ‬ଜЬЕ ۢɽࢇ Қ߹Ь ࢊ‫ ߾ق‬Ьϕ ࠟए  бࠆ ࢽѦ ؄߾एΟए ߉߅۰ ࢉए ѿ ‫ء‬ध ؏‫ח‬ଜЕ ࢊ‫ࢉ߸ה ࡵق‬ɼ ࢈ܺଜЬЕ ۢɽࢇ Қ߹ЬҖҡ߭ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢇ Ь ֻࢇˈ ִ‫߾ࢺۿ‬۰ ࡉչࠪ ˬզଟ ଝ˕߾ Җռ ۴‫࢏˱ ࡶי‬ଞ ୯  ‫ݤ‬ ٗ Οˈߞ ˓ତࡶ ଯଜЕ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛߾ ׁࡶ ‫߹ݨ‬Ь ʋࢇ ଯଜЕ ࢊଭҚࡵ ֻѿ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ‫ ࢂܖܕ‬ଝۢҚ ࢇ߹एփ ࡉչ ଝ˕Е ୃࢢ ‫׵‬Ԏ˗߾ ࢑ЬЕ ࡢ৔ࢶ ઞ‫ ۘ۽‬Ьհ ଝ˕ ‫ی‬ԆҚࡶքࢇ ߊएЕ ‫׃‬ବЬ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛ ࠔ࢕չ߾ ߈ࡵ ଝۢࡵ ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕ࢂ ࢇࠒऑ ଝۢ ࢇ߹Еі кࢊঈࡸ փΪएփ ‫ٸ‬ଭଜЕ Ѱ߇ ࢇʨࢵʨ ‫ִؿ ߭י‬۰ ߭ۛଜए ߉ࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ‫ؿ‬ηЬ ̐ԥʯࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼы ࣸ ߟ ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ؆ ࢽѦ ୯߾ ߭Гђ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛Е Οˈߞ ˓ତ߾ Қ߭‫ۼ‬Ь Οˈߞ˓ତࡵ ઞࢇଜʯѦ ୛࣯Ի ‫؂‬Ի ࠔ߾ ‫؂‬Ьɼ ࢑߭۰ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛ɼ ९էଜִ۰ٕਫ਼ ցࡸࢇ ‫ࡕݤ‬ଥएЕʨࡶ ГΚ ܹɼ ࢑߹ЬΟˈߞ ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜТ Οˈߞ оଝ ु߾۰ ࡉչձ ֍ࢇଜԜ ѿ ٗࢇ Οࠝ܏ˈ ࡉչЕ ̐ٗҚࢂ ߇ΰձ ؇߅ ˓ତ߾۰ ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦ ӂ߭ऑ ୎੫Ի ଯବЬ ୎੫߾ Ѧ९ ୯ Οˈߞ оଝ‫߾ࡕػ‬۰ ɾЯଞ ‫ ࡕػ‬WRXU ɼ ࠖࢽ Ѹ߭࢑߭ ɾЯଜʯ कࡶ ૹ ୯ ࡉչЕ Οˈߞ оଝ ‫ࡳࡕػ‬ԻଯବЬ Οˈߞ оଝ ‫ ࡵࡕػ‬%HG ܹɼ ߟ  %HG ࢽѦ ѸЕ ֻ̍ࢂ ‫ ˈ߹ࢇ ࡕػ‬Οˈߞ ‫ݤ‬ΰࣸ‫ࡢ ߾ݪ‬৔ଜࠆ ࢻ̒‫ ࢇࡈ ࡉ֐ ࢇ۽‬ଞ ʨࡶ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ‫؏ ق̛ ࢂࡕػ‬৚ࡵ ফˈࢂ ࢂՎࣱܹࡶ ࢿ˓ଜˈ ফˈࢂ ࢂՎࢉࡶ ߦ‫۽‬ଜࠆ एࠇ‫ی‬ୣ߾ ˓ଲଜ࢕Е ؏৚ࡶ ɼएˈ ࢑߹ЬɾЯଜʯ ‫ࢂ ࢢୃ ࠪیࠇ ࢂࡕػ‬Վऑ ଝۢࢂ ୃଢ଼ࡶ ۶ָ ҙˈ ‫ق‬ʸࢶࡳԻ ‫ ࡕػ‬WRXU ձ‫࢖ݤ‬ଜࠑЬ ࡉ۴ ઞࢇ ଞ ࢺࡵ ࢇ ‫߾ࡕػ‬Е   ৓߾ о ٕٗࢂ ऑՎ ˕ɼ ֻࠆ ࢑ЬЕʨࢇ߹Ь ࡉչΟԂ ߾۰Е ʋࡵ ‫۽‬ʸࡶ एФ ऑՎ ˕ɼ ଞ ˒߾ ֻࠆ ࢑̛ ց԰ࢉі ࢇ˒߾ЕऑՎ ˕ࢂ ˱ٗࢇ ֻ୎ଜʯ ֻѿ ʋࡵ ˒߾۰ ̛Ьչʯ Ѹ߭࢑߹Ь ୚࢕ձ ˗չଜЕ ্ִ߾۰Е֐ࡉ ࣚ߅ ‫ࡳࠑؿ‬Ο ߭ҿଞ ओ୚ࡶ ɼऑ ୚࢕Қࡶ ʋࡵ ˓ɾ ‫ ߾ܖ‬ҁЬЕ ʨࡵ ࡕΰ ʃࠍ
˗չ߾

࢑߭۰

‫ࢿח‬ɼ

̟ۢ ܹѦ

࢑ʵЬЕ

ۢɽࡶ

ଜࠑЬ ߅‫ה‬ԎѦ‫ࡶࡕػ‬Ѫ߅‫ִؿ‬۰ࣸࢺࢶࡳԻ ‫ؿ‬ʯ ѹ ʨࡵ ࢇ˒ࢂ ऑЯʦ‫ࢂی‬ଝ˕ ‫ݤ‬۶ࢇ ࡉչΟԂࢂ ̐ʨ˕ ߭Ӂ ʨࢇ ʋˈ߭Ӂ ʨࢇ Ьհएձ ‫ˬٸ‬ଥ ‫ؿ‬Е ʨࢇ߹Ь ࢇ˒ࢂ ऑЯ ʦ‫ࢂ ی‬ଝ˕Ѧ ࡉչΟԂࢂ ‫ݤ‬۶˕ց॰ɼएԻ оٕٗࢂ ʦ‫ی‬ɼ ࢕Ѱ୘ ۶‫ٸ‬ձ ࢇࡈଞ ʦ‫ی‬ձ ऑଭଜˈ ࢑߹Ь ଜएփ ̐ ֻ̍ɼࡉչΟԂࢂ ऑЯʦ‫ࢂ ی‬ଝ˕ࢂ ֻ̍‫ؿ‬Ь ୹޿ ࢖ʯ Г͏࣌Ь  ϗ ࢷ ‫ ࡶݡݨ‬Οʇы ‫ݦ‬ড‫ٱۿ‬Ԅ‫ ࢂࡕػ ݛ‬ऑЯ ʦ‫ࢂ ی‬ଝ˕ ‫ؿ‬Ь ֻ̍ɼ ߟ  ࢽѦ ؄߾ Ѹए ߉߅۰ ߟɾࡵ ࢂ߅ଜʯۢɽ ଜࠑЬ Ӗଞ ࢉۘ ̦ʯ ‫ ق‬ʨࡵ ࢢ୛৔Վ ‫ݤ‬۶ࢇ ֐ࡉ ࢚ Ѹ߭࢑ЬЕ ࢺࢇ߹Еі ࢇѦ‫ ࢂݤ‬ઞ‫ࠆ ۘ۽‬Ԝ ɼए ‫ ࢇ߶ۏ‬؈бଞ Ѧ‫ ݤ‬Ի۰ ‫ࢢ߶ۏ‬ଥԻ ࢉଞ ୚࢕Ο Οࢇɼ Җ‫ݦ‬߭ծ‫ݦ‬Қࡶ ࡢଜࠆ ࢇԜଞ ‫ݤ‬۶ࢇ ؈б ଞ ʨࢇ ߅Х̧Ԃˈ ۢɽࡶ ଜࠑЬ㪄 㪈㪈㪉 㪄‫ ࡕػ‬આ߭ɼ ΖΟˈ ‫ࡢ ֒ ࢂࡕػ‬৓߾ ࢑Е ‫ݥ‬к߾۰ ɾЯଞ ୚ࠒ‫ࢇ ࢇݥ‬Ք߭࣌Ь ̐ ࢕չ߾۰ΰࢊ ˬզଜʯ Ѻ 'HSW RI 0HGLFDO 7HFKQRORJ\ ˬܹЧҚࡶ ֹ ٗ փΟʯ Ѹ߹Ь ‫ٸ‬Լ ΟЕࠒ߭ձ ࢚ଜएЕ ‫ ׃‬ଜࠑएփ ଜЕ ࢊࢇ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜˈ ʋࡵ ٗߞ߾ ˗‫ ࡶݪ‬ɼएЕ ‫ی‬ԆҚΗչࢂփΧࢇ߭۰ ̐Ԟए ࢢ‫࢑׵‬Е ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ‫ؿ‬γ ܹɼ ࢑߹Ь ߟ ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ؆ ࢽѦࢂ ୚ࠒଭ‫ی‬ձ ց৔ˈࡉչЕ ܺ‫ܕ‬Ի Ѫ߅ ࠱ˈ ̐ԥʯ Οˈߞ߾۰ࢂ ঎Τࢇ Ζࢇ ΪЬ҂ध Τ߾Е ୎੫ ‫ݥ‬к߾۰ ࢊ‫߅ ݥق‬৚ࡶ ֟ˈ ‫ݤ‬ΰ߾۰ ࣏̖ ࠹ɽࡳԻ ӂ߭ऑ Οˈߞ оଝ'DLNR ৪૊‫ݛ‬Ի ଯଜࠑЬ ࠝࢷ  ‫ٕݤ‬ਫ਼  ‫̧ٗ  ݤ‬ए ऑଭѹ .H\QRWH $GGUHVV ߾۰ЕΟˈߞ оଝࢂ <RKVKLH .RGHUD ˬܹЧ͉۰ 3UHVHQW DQG )XWXUH RI +HDOWK 6FLHQFH 5HVHDUFK LQ-DSDQ ࢇԂЕ ࣯ࢿձ ɼएˈ ʈࠉࡶ ଜ܏Ь ʈࠉ ট؆ٕ߾۰Е Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ࠇ‫߭ ࠪی‬Ӂٗߞɼ ؈бଜࠑЕएձ ۶ָଥ ࣯܏Еі ࢇ оଝ߾۰փ Ϡ‫࢕ܹۘ ۘخ‬ɼ ‫ה‬Ԯ  ָࢇΟ ѹЬЕ‫ߊ ࡶݨی‬ʯ Ѹ߹Ь Οࣸ߾ ଝ˕ ˬզ‫ݤ‬ɾ߾ ߊʯ ѹ ‫ࢇݨی‬एփ 2ND]DNL )UDJPHQW ձ ؈ʺଞ
2ND]DNL ˬܹѦ ࢇ оଝ ষ‫ࢇݦ‬ԂЕ ʨࡶ ߊʯ Ѹ߹Ь Ӗଞ ࢇ˒ࢂ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝ оଝࡵ দ  ʎࢂଝٕԻ ˱‫۽‬Ѹ߭࢑ЬЕ ʨѦ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹Ь Ӗଞ ࢇ߭एЕ ʈࠉ߾۰Е ۰ࠒࣱ ˬܹЧ͉۰ ę7KH
3UHVHQW DQG )XWXUH RI .RUHDQ +HDOWKFDUH ,QGXVWU\ ԂЕ ࣯ࢿձ ɼएˈ ʈࠉࡶ ଥ ࣯܏Ь ࢇʈࠉ߾۰Е ୃࢢ ࡉչΟԂࢂ +HDOWKFDUH LQGXVWU\ ࢂ ୃ ‫ݨ‬੓߾ оଥ ֆ޷ଥ ࣯܏ˈ Ӗଞ ߔࡳԻ‫߾ࡕػ‬۰Е ߭Ӂ ؏ଯࡶ ঴˱ଥ Οɼߞ ଜЕ ए߾ оଥ۰ ۶ָଥ ࣯܏Ь ࢇुࡳԻ ˗԰ѹٗߞЕ ঈࡸ ҙЕ ΰࡈࢇԂ ۢ‫ܕ‬ଞ ִࢇ ࢶएЕ ߉ߑएփ ச‫࢑ ׵‬ʯ ʈࠉࡶ Қࡶ ܹ ࢑߹Ьࢇ߭ ѿ ‫ء‬ध 6HVVLRQ ࢇ ΖΟˈ ̐ ୯ԻЕ ଝ˕‫ݤ ط‬ɾࡶ ɼएʯ Ѹ߹Ь ֠ࢵ ࢺ‫یݥݪ‬ձଜִ۰ٕਫ਼ ଝ˕‫ط‬Ի փΟʯ Ѹ߹Еі ̐ ࢕չ߾۰ ߭ࢿ ٍ߹ы ˬܹЧҚѦ Ь‫ ݤ‬փΟʯ Ѹ߹ˈࠝЖ ؈૲ձ ଟ Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ଝۢҚѦ փΤ ܹɼ ࢑߹Ь ࢺ‫ִࡳ֟ ࡶݪ‬۰ ࢇԞ ࢵԞ ߩ̛ɼࠝˈ ʇЕі ࡉչΟԂࠪ ࢇ˒ࢇ քࢇ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜЬЕ ʨࡶ ߊ ܹɼ ࢑߹Ь ઞ஢ Οˈߞ оଝ ଝۢࡵΟࠪ ʋࢇ ɾ ଝۢ˕ Ο‫ؿ‬Ь ଞ ‫߹ࢶ ࢇۑ‬Еі ‫ࢇࣸ ࢽ˕ی؃ ނأ‬ԂЕ ֆࡶ ଜࠑˈ ࡉչЕୃࢢ ࢷ‫ࡳࡕࡁ˱ࠉח‬Ի ˳ ‫ࢇࣸ הـ‬ԂЕ ߩ̛ձ ଜࠑˈ ̐ ‫߭ ߾ݨی‬Г ࢽѦ ϣԂЕ Ͼ৔ࠑЬࢇ߭ ࠝ୯  ‫ٕٗ  ݤ‬ਫ਼Е ࡉչɼ ‫ܖ‬ଞ 0HGLFDO 7HFKQRORJ\ 6HVVLRQ ࡶ ‫ ࢖ݤ‬ଜࠑЬࡉչଝˬ߾۰ЕΟ̡ࠪ‫ୃ۽‬‫ࢽ˕ی؃‬

ଝۢࢇɽɽ

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ࣸ‫߾ٕݪ‬

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ؒ୘ࢺ߾۰

ࢇʨࢵʨࡶ

˱ˁବЬ ̐˒߾Е ۢ୛ࡈ૽ࡶ ࢵԲଞ ɼʸ߾ ળЕ 7RN\X +DQGV ԂЕ ۘࢺࢇ ৓৓ցЬ ࢑߹Еіࠇ‫ ۘୃ ˈࠀ ݤ‬Ҷ‫ࢉח‬ए ࡉչΟԂ ɼʸ˕ ‫ˬٸ‬ଜִ ‫י‬ʢҚࢇ ۘк஢ ‫ ݲٸ‬૜ࢇԂЕ ʨࡶ ߊ ܹ࢑߹Ь ࠆԜ ˒ࡶ ҂Ԝ ‫ ق‬୯ Ь‫߾ߔ ܕܺ ݤ‬۰ ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ˓ତࡳԻ ଯବЬ ˓ତ߾۰ ࢊ‫ݥق‬㪄 㪈㪈㪋 㪄Ԃ֫ࡳԻ ɾЯଜʯ ࢺ‫ ࡶݪ‬ଥʼ ଞ ୯ Ь‫ࢉ ݤ‬ঊࡳԻ Ѫ߅ִࠝ۰ ̟Ьִ ̟ˈ डЬִ डࡵ  ‫؃‬ ࢊɾࢂ Οˈߞ оଝ ؏‫ ࡶࢽࢊ ח‬ցছЬ ‫ ࢊ  ؃‬Ѱ߇ࢂ ‫ݤ‬ɾѰ߇ ο‫ ה‬քࡵ ʨࡶ ‫ ˈؿ‬քࡵ ‫ی‬ԆҚࡶ փΪЬ ̐ԜΟ ̐ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ ο‫ה‬डߑ̛ Ҷ‫ࢽࢊ ߾ח‬Қࢇ ‫ڄڄ‬ଜʯ जࠆ ࢑߭۰ ׁࡵ ‫ה‬উࢇΟ ଔˊଜࠑЬ ̐ԜΟ ׁࡵ ஦Ҙ؆ִ ցࡸփࡵ֐ࡉ ऊʠ࡙Ь ΰϗ߾Ӗ࢑ࡶࢊࢽࢇ߹Ь㪄 㪈㪈㪌 㪄Οˈߞоଝ˕ࢂˬզձ ̛оଜʯփҘ㪄 㪈㪈㪍 㪄ࢇ‫ ؿ‬Μ˅ߛ лଚࡿ ࢓߳৑Ջଚ˒ࠧ ˩գծ ੹ଛ րΤࠆ‫ۼ‬лଚ˩ ࢓߳৑Ջଚ˒ࡧࡲࠏ ˩ܶФ ‫؀‬େࠆ ‫࣬ࢄ ۉ؀‬ୀ ‫࣌ ۉۮ‬цࠆ ‫̞ ۉۮ‬ଛ‫ۉۮ ܖ‬ϗ ࡖ ࢊ Οˈߞ оଝˬࢂ ˬզ টঐࡶ ؇߅ ࢊ‫ࡳق‬Ի ʇЬ оଝࡕࡶ Қ߭ࠝˈ ঎ ࠹˲ ؏‫ࢇח‬Ԃ ο‫ ה‬۶Ԏ ࠑЬ ࡪࡵࠒ ˬܹЧ͉۰ ঈࡸ ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ ؏‫̛ ח‬ୣɼ ࠱Еі Ь ʋࢇɼ‫ ࢕ؿ‬Ԃˈ ଜ܏ࡶ Ҷ ஒਛ஢ ɼʵЬˈ ବы озࢇ ʇЬࠟ ୯ Г͓एփ оଝࡕ ۢ୛ ࣸ߾ ɼࢠ࢚ଞ ࢊࣸ ଜΟԂˈ ۢɽࢇ Қ߹Ь ঎ Οˈߞ ؏‫ ח‬Τ έ۴ ࢊ‫ܹˬ ق‬ЧҚࢂ Οˈߞ оଝ ؈૲ձ ҙˈ ‫ ࡕػ‬੎؏ࡶ ଜࠑЬ Ьհ ‫ֻ ࢚ ࡵݨػ‬ծʵएփ ࢊ‫߶࢖ ࢂق‬৔Վ‫ ࡵݨ‬ଞ˲˕ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜִ۰Ѧ Ьհࢺࢇ ࢑߹Ь ઞ஢ ࢊۘۢ୛Ѱ࢖‫߾ݨ‬۰ ߅ࢇҚࡶ ৔ՎଜЕ ʃɽ੼ଢ‫ ࢂݨ‬ˁࡉ ࢊ‫ࡵق‬̐Қࢂ ࢽ۰ࠪ ‫ח‬୘߾ ֍Е ЬЬ‫ֻ ؏ ׵‬୉ࡶ ଜࠑы ʢ ࢽֆ ‫ݦ‬۴ଞ ٕٗ ࢇ߹Ь ࢖߶৔ՎЕࢠߕձ ɼऑ ୚࢕Қࡶ ࢊۘۢ୛߾۰ ѧվࢶࢉ ۢ୛ࡶ ଟ ܹ ࢑ѦԼ ଜЕ ࢷ˓ٗߞࠆ۰ ̐Ԟए ɽΟԂࢂ ࢊۘۢ୛Ѱ࢖‫̐ ִؿ ࡶݨ‬Қࢂ ‫ח‬୘ձ ߊ ܹ ࢑Е ʨ ʋЬ ̐ ࠹߾Ѧ ࢊ‫߶࢖ ق‬৔Վ‫߾ݨ‬Е ୃࢢ ɼࢽ୚ˁܹࢽࡶ ଟ Ҷ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢂ ̛М߾ ֍঴߭ ɼࢽ୚ˁ ܹࢽࢇ ɼМଞ ̛˃ɼ ࢑߹ЕіࢇЕ ࡉչҚࢂ ؈ʤࡸࡶ ֣঴ʯ ଟ ࢽѦԻ ˗‫ ࡶݪ‬΋Е ̛˃ࠑЬ ࢇԥʯ ࢖߶৔Վ ‫ ࡶࡕػ‬҂Ԝ‫ ق‬୯ ࢵϖ ୚ࠒୣ߾ ॳ۱ࡶ ଜࠑЬ ̐ ࢕չ߾۰ ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ оଝˬࠪ ‫ ࡶࡕػ‬о૲ଜ‫ݤ‬Е ٗҚ͉۰ ࢉ‫ی‬ձ ଜࠑЕі ࡉչΟԂֆԻ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ଜˈ࢕ Ϡԯ ଜ‫ݤ‬Е ֻ‫ ࢇݡ‬ʃ‫ی‬ଜࠑЬ ࢵϖ ୚ࠒୣ߾۰Е ɽ ˕ࢂ ଝ˕ࢠ ˬܹЧҚ˕ࢂ о୘‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ ࣯߭࣌Еі ۰Ի߾ оଥ ࢚ ֻծЕ ۘଢ଼ࢇԂ ߭ۛଞ ٕٗѦ ࢑߹एփ ۴ѰԱ ߞ˱ ࢇߞ̛ ଝ˕ ࢇߞ̛ ҟࡳԻ о୘ձ ଜЬ ‫ؿ‬Т ̖ۚ ৖ଥओܹ ࢑߹Ь҂ध Τ ؈૲ձ ֎ࡵ ‫؃‬୊ࠉ ‫ ୃ࣯ࢇ ࠪی؃‬۱‫ی‬Е ؈૲ ࣱ‫ ٸ‬Ҷ‫܏ࡳ߷ ࢇݦࢽ ߾ח‬एփ ւۘ؈૲‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ Ьɼࠝ࢕ ߯ࢿ ̐ԕιЕ Ҟ ࡪॷଞ ࠒ߭‫ݨ‬ԯࡳԻ ؈૲ձ ‫یה‬஢ ࢚ ց‫ה‬չ ଜࠑЬࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ଝٕۢҚ˕ оଝࡕۢ ˬܹЧҚ ‫߾ࢇی‬۰ ࡉչ ଝˬ ࢖߶৔Վଝ ࠉ˱߾ оଥ؈૲ଜˈ ۰Ի ࠉ˱ଞ ٗߞ߾ оଥ ˬզଜЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡵ Ьհ ߭Ӂ ؈૲ ˬզଜЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ‫ؿ‬Ь ӵ ̦ࡵ ʨ ʋЬ ؈૲ɼ ΖΟˈ ࢊ‫ ق‬ଝ˕ࢠ ˬܹЧ͉۰ Οˈߞ оଝࢂ ࢖߶৔Վ‫˱ ࡶݨ‬ˁ ‫ݤ‬਄ ࣯‫܈‬۰ ˱ˁࡶ ଜࠑЬ ࢇ୯ ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ ˬܹЧҚ оଝࡕۢҚɾࢂ ࢵϖ փ॰ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ߅࣯ ֥ऑ ࢊ‫ݥ ੼ࢷ ق‬к߾۰ ɼ࣌Ь ࢊ‫ܹˬ ق‬ЧҚ˕ ࡪࡵࠒ ˬܹЧ оଝࡕ ۢҚࡵ ‫ݤ یݥ‬ɾ Ѱ߇ ̐ Ѱ߇ ˼̖ବы ɽ ΟԂࢂ ࢖߶৔Վ ‫ࢇ ࢽݨ‬Ԃыए ࢖߶৔Վ‫ݨ ی‬੓ ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ ଝۢҚ߾ оଥքࡵ ओ‫ח‬Қࡶ ଜ‫̛ߞࢇ ˈݤ‬ձ Οϼ߹Ь ցएւࠀ ۰Ի ࢉ‫ی‬ձ Οϼˈ Я঑‫ی‬ऑࡶ ०ࡳִ۰ ࢇΤࡶ ̛ϙଜˈ ց‫ה‬չձ ଜࠑЬࢇԜଞ ଝˬɾࢂ ˬզձ ଟ ܹ ࢑ʯ ̛ୣձ ࣯‫ ݦ‬ଝˬ্߾ ̦ࡵ ʃ‫ی‬ձ ࢷଜˈ ‫ݮ‬Ь ‫ࣸܕ‬ଞˬզձ ੼ଥ۰ ɽ ΟԂ߾ оଞ ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ ̐߾ Ҭհ ࠆԜ ɼए ࢽ‫ؿ‬ձ ˬ୚ଜˈ ࢇߞ̛ ΟЀܹ ࢑߭۰ ‫ࣸܕ‬ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾҚࢇ߹ы ʨ ʋЬ㪄 㪈㪈㪎 㪄 <RQVHL  1DJR\D 8QLYHUVLW\
5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ +HDOWK 6FLHQFH ॳ˗̛
1DJR\D -DSDQ a 2FWREHU ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ࡕ࣯ࢂ˕оଝ ɾ୎ଝ˕ؒ ए ࡵ ߇ ߦ ஜঈࡸࡳԻ ଥ࠹߾۰ ؈૲ଟ ̛ୣɼ ࣯߭ऑ ʨࡵ ࠝԐ ऐࢠ ۢ୛˕ оଝࡕ ˓ٕ߾ एঙ࢑ы Ο߾ʯ Ӗ Ьհ ۶Ԫ˕ ऊʠࡏࡶ ࣯߹Ь Ӗଞ ϯ࣒ࣸ ٗߞ߾ оଥ۰ ɾ୎ଝࢶࢉ্ִࢂ ̒ʠࣸ‫̒ࢻ ݪ‬Ѧ ଞ˲߭ɼ ߅Ф ࠒ߭ձ ‫ࡈی‬ଥ۰ ࠹˲ ঐࣸҚ ߔ߾۰ ؈૲ଥߞଞЬЕ ‫ ࡵݨی‬ΟԻ ଜࠆ̖ ߟɾࢂ ʡࢽ˕ ѿԮࡏ ۚԻࡋ ̛ୣ߾ оଞ Ѧࢷ˕ ࢕̑ࡶѰ‫ ߾ݤ‬ʉʯ ଜࠑЬΟЕ ߇ߦஜ ˬܹЧ˕ ֐ए ৪૊‫ؿ ݛ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ߾ ˃‫ݤ‬Е ੉˕ ˬܹЧ ‫ ؀‬оଝࡕ ଝۢҚ˕ ଡ͉ ࡖ ࢊٕਫ਼  ࡖ  ࢊ̧ए ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ оଝˬ 'DLNR ৪૊‫߾ݛ‬۰ ࠊջ ࢿ  ୣ6FLHQFH <RQVHL ė 1DJR\D 8QLYHUVLW\ 5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ +HDOWKଝܽ ‫ݪ‬૦एߵ߾ ॳ۱ଜࠑЬ ࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽ ‫ݪ‬૦एߵࡵ ࠠ ࡖ߾ 028 ঑ʼࡶ ଞ୯߾ ʎফଜЕ ঎ ֻࢎࢇ߹ЬΟˈߞ ˓ତ߾۰ ܺ‫̧ܕ‬ए ɼЕ ८ॷ ο֞Ի ěVRPHWKLQJ XQLTXH WR -DSDQĜࡶ ॸ̛ ࡢଥ‫ ࢇ߷ ۚݐ‬ѿչ‫ء‬ʠԵएփ ΰɼ ؈ʺଞ ʨࡵ ࠝऐ ࡋࢷ۱ࢇ ࡉչࠪ ؆о ؏ଯࢉ ८ҚࢇѦԻձ ओ࣯ଜЕ ֻ‫߭قࢊ ˕ݡ‬Ի ‫ࠆޱ‬ऑ ɾશҚ‫߹ࢇڸ‬Ь ߅ցѦ ʋࡵ ߅‫ࢷ ˈࢇ̀߅ݤ‬߾ ࢊ‫חق‬୘ձ ˁଵବ߹̛߾ Ѧ९ ୯ έ۶ʠΟ ࢇओʃࡵ ГΚ ܹ ߷߹ы ʢ ο‫ה‬Ο кࠉବЕए ֻծʵЬЕ ۢɽ˕ шٙ߭ ࠝ஢Ԯ оѦ‫ݤ‬ɼ ߅Ф ࣸ‫ܕ‬Ѧ‫ ࢉݤ‬Οˈߞ‫ ߾ݤ‬оଞ ৖̒ʃցࢵ ш Г͏࣌Ь ࢉঊ ˓ତ߾۰ Οˈߞ ˓ତ̧एЕ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛Ի ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦɼ ‫ࡁܕ‬Ѹ߹एփ ̐ ࠹߾ ʠչ߾۰ ‫ࡁܕ‬ѸЕ ߟ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ Οˈߞ оଝˬ Ѧ९ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ࣏̖ एࠉ‫ݤ‬਄ ‫ق‬ʸࢶࢉ փΧࡵ ࠝ୯ ‫ݤ‬ɼ φ߭۰ߞ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ୎੫ ঑਺ࢉࡶ ଜˈ ࢿࢊ ֠ࢵ Ѧ९ଞ Οˈߞ оଝ ٕ‫ ࢂࡕػܖ‬঎ ࢉۘࡵ ࣯‫ ࢂض‬৲ЬԄ ϡए ˓ࡕ˕ υࡵ ٕए߾ ਼ ֻ̍ࢂ оଝ˕ ‫ ࡕػ‬ʢ‫י‬Қࢇ ̝ ࢷ੼փਾ ࠝԎ Ѹ߹एփ ϗ ࢷ ۚԻ एࡵ ʢ‫ ˕י‬չֻљրࡳԻ ࢷ؆ࢶࡳԻ ̫Βଞ ۘ੓ɼ ए‫˗ ࢉࢶܖ‬չ߾ ࢑߹ࡸࡶ Ь‫ ݤ‬ଞ‫߹࢑ ܹ ߊ ء‬Ьࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ оଝˬЕ ϗ߾ ۶վѹ ˲վоଝࡳԻ ߅ࢇ৔ୃ Οˈߞ‫ࡢ ߾ݤ‬৔ଞ ࢊ‫ ܹࡉ ࢂق‬оଝˬ ࣸ ଜΟࢇֲ Ϡ‫࢕ܹۘ ۘخ‬ɼ ָࢇΟ Ѹ߹ࡸࡶ ࢕Ԋ‫ݛ‬ԡʯ ۶ָଜࠑЬ Οˈߞ оଝˬ ‫ޱ‬Քցࢇ ৪૊‫ࡢ ߾ݛ‬৔ଞ ٕ‫ ࡵࡕػ ܖ‬ʢ‫ࡳݪࣸ ࡶߒࣸ י‬Ի ࣛࡉΤʎֻߦࡶ ‫ق‬ҿ۰ ۶˃ଜࠑЬˈ ଞЬ Ӗଞ ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕ߾۰ ɼࢠ Ͼ߾ Ӯࠑы ʨࡵ υˈЬߦଞ ˓ɾࢇ உʯ‫ ݨ‬о̛‫ ݨ‬Ьߦଞ ʦ‫ ݨی‬୚࢕ձ ࡢଞ ؑԮ ई ୚࢕ ࣸ‫˓ ࢂݪ‬ɾࢇ㪄 㪈㪈㪏 㪄ԂЕ ࢺ߾۰ࢂ Ѱ۴ࡶ ࢚ ˈԮଥ۰ ‫ݛݤ‬੬ ؑ৔ձ ࡢଞ Ϡԯࢇ ˒˒߾۰ ‫ࠑؿ‬ЬΟˈߞ оଝˬ ৪૊‫חࢽ ݛ‬Οˈߞ оଝˬ ٕ‫ࡕػܖ‬‫ࢷ ࢂࡕػ‬঑ࢶࢉ ɾԘଞ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ‫ࡳ࢖ݤ‬Ի ɽ ٗߞࢂ ‫ݤ‬۶˕ ࢠ‫ٸ‬ձ ʺଝଜִ۰ ‫ࡕػ‬ΰٕձ ऐࢻ ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ̛ୣձ ɼ࣌Ь ˲ΰ ‫ˬٸ ˕ࢽݨ‬ଥ۰ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬ʈࢺࡵ ‫ˈࢇ߸ה‬Ӗ ࡉչɼ ؑࡓߞ ଟ ࢺ ̐չˈ ࡉչࢂ ʈࢺࡵ ‫ࢉ߸ה‬ɼձ ࢜‫ݤ‬Οց ۢɽଥ‫߹࢑ ܹ ك‬ы‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ߹एփ ‫ی‬ऑ঩ࠒࡶ ࢽࣸ஢ ̖ଜࠆ Ь‫ ࢇࢺ ࡋݍ߅ ܕ‬Χ߅࢑߹Ь ˲ΰ ࢂՎ˃ɼࢂՎ ‫ض ࢂࢠݤ‬୘ࠪ Ьߦଞ ‫࢕ٸܕ‬Қࢂ ϩࡵ ࡁ˱ѦԻ ˕Ѧ̛߾ ࢑एփ ɽ ‫ࡕػ‬ցЬ ࢠࢺࡶ ‫ۑ‬Ԯ۰ ̛࣑ ‫ ࡶݦୂ ߾ࠒࡋࡕػ‬ɼଜˈ ࢑Е ‫ قࢊ ࢇࢽݨ‬ΰ ࠇ‫ݢٸ ݤ‬ଞ ٗࡢ̛ࢎࡶ ГΚ ܹ ࢑߹ࡳֲ ࠉ‫ٱۿ ۿ‬Ԅ‫ ࢂࡕػ ݛ‬-&,ࢉऎࡶ ֐ࡉ ٕԜࡓଜЕ ଞ૜ ࢶ̑ࢶࢉ˗‫ ࡶݪ‬ʉˈ ࢑ЬЕ ʨѦ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ɾ୎ٗߞࢂ ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕ˗԰ ‫ݤ‬۶˕ ߶‫ݛݤ ה‬੬ࡶ ‫ط ࢕ˈؿ‬ѦԻ ٕ੊ࡶ ଥ۰ ߇ˬܹЧ˕ ଡ͉ 9,3‫ػ‬Ѱࡶ ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼ࣌Ь঎ Ͼ߾ ‫؂‬Ի Қ߭࠱ы ʨࡵ ‫י‬զ˗չձ ࡢଞ ‫؂‬਍Җ ‫ݛݤ‬੬˕ ࢷ࢕̛Լ ୚࢕ ଎Ԃࢇ‫؟‬‫ݤ‬ձ ࡢଞ ‫ࢇ ࢕ࢷ ߔ ח؏ ݨػ‬ղ૲ ҟ ୪࡭ࢶࢇˈѦ ঑˃ࢶࢉ ̫Βଞ ‫ݛݤ‬੬ࢇ Яࠉѩ‫߹ࢇࢶۘࢉ ˈࢇؿ‬Ь डࡵ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇԂ ɾ୎‫ی‬Қࢇ ऐࢻ ɾ୎߶‫ה‬ձ ଜЕ ֻ‫ۿ࢕ ࡶݡ‬ଜʯ ‫߹߷ ܹ ك‬एփ ٙଗࡁଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾ Ϋ‫ٸ‬ձ ࣲࢊ ܹ ࢑ѦԼ QXUVLQJ VWDWLRQࡶ ࣸ‫ࡳݪ‬Ի ؏‫ی‬۴ ֻߦࡳԻ ‫ؑݨػ‬৔ɼ Ѹ߭ ࢑Е ʨࢇ Ͼ߾ Ӷ߹Ь ߔࡳԻ (05 Ѧ࢏ࡶ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଜЕࡉչ߾ʯ քࡵ Ѧࡏࢇ Ѻ ܹ ࢑Е ٕٗࢇ߹ЬࢇΤ ࡉչ ࢊଭࡵ ɾЯ஢ ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕձ ‫ ˈؿ‬΢ ҋ ୃए߾۰ ࡉչձ ࡢଥ ց԰ଞ ۱॰߾ টоѸ߹Ь ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰ ࠉୣࢠࢉ ৓ ‫ݛ‬৞ࢇԂࡋए߾۰ ࣔ Нࡵ ࢵϖࢇ߹एփ Οˈߞ‫ݤ‬ΰࢂ ߞˁࡶ ऊ̟ ܹ ࢑߹ˈ ֻѿɼ ଡ͉ଟ ܹ ࢑Е ֥ऑ ࢵϖ‫ݤ یݥ‬ɾࢇ߹Ь ୚ࠒփ॰ࡶ ੼ଥ ѿ оଝˬࢂ ֻҘ ٕ۰ࢠ ‫ܹˬ ؀‬ऑ˕ ଝۢҚࢇ ֻࠆ ɽ࢕ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ଜˈ ࢉ‫ی‬ձ ଜЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼ࣌Ь ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ଜִ۰ Ӗ ؇ࡳִ۰ ࠒ߭Ի ओ‫ ࡶח‬ଜˈ ˼̖ବы ʨҚࡶ ଜΟ޾ ૻ߭ ϪЕ ̝ࢠѹ ঎Τࡶ ࢚ ࢇࠬ‫ݤ‬਄ࣺы ࣚࡵ ষ؈ࡶ ߊչЕ ঎փΧࢂ ‫ݤ‬㪄 㪈㪈㪐 㪄ɾࢇ߹ЬЬࡸ Τࡵ Οˈߞ оଝˬ 'DLNR ৪૊‫ࡢ ߾ݛ‬৔ଞ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ଝܽࢠ‫ܕ‬Ի ࢇѰଜࠆ‫ق‬ʸࢶࢉ ଝܽ ‫ݪ‬૦एࡏࡶ ‫࢖ݤ‬ଜࠑЬ 0LGRUL $6$12ˬܹЧࡵ ए΢ ࡖ ࡉչ ଝˬձ ؏‫ח‬ଜࠆ ࢉ‫ی‬ձ ΟϾ ࢶࢇ ࢑߭ ࡉչ ࢊଭࡶ ο‫ה‬Ο ؆ʄʯ ֍߅ ࣯܏Ь ‫ݪ‬૦एࡏࢂ ࢷ؆ٕЕ .H\QRWH $GGUHVVࠪ ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ࢂ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ь Οˈߞ оଝˬ߾۰ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝࢂ ؈ࢷࡶ ࡢଞ ࢷ֌۶ָࢇ ࢑߹ˈ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ߾۰Е ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ ۰ࠒࣱ ˬܹЧࢂ ‫ؿ‬ʢࢂՎ‫ ߶ۏ‬؈ࢷ؏ଯ߾ оଞ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ь ̐չˈ ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ оଝˬ߾Е ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ɼ ʎ۶Ѹ߭ ࢑ए ߉̛ Ҷ‫ࢷ ߾ח‬঑ ֻࢎ߾۰ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ ࢽ˕ی؃‬оଝࡕۢ ‫ࡉࢽݦ‬۴ۢЧ ˕ ࢊ‫ ق‬ZHOOEHLQJ DQG VRFLHW\ ࠉ˱‫߾ܕ‬۰ ̒‫ࢽ ࢉࣸה‬۴ۢЧࢇ ؈૲ձ ଜࠑЬࢺ‫ ࡵݪ‬ɾЯଞ Ѧ‫ݤ‬ԃࡳԻ ࢊ‫ ق‬оଝࡕۢҚ˕ ଡ͉ ଜࠑЬ ۰Ի ࢉ‫ی‬ଟ ܹ ࢑߹ы ‫ݤ‬ɾࡳԻ ۰Իɼ ̝ࢠѸˈ ۰֟ଟ ܹ ࢑Е ࢕չձ ଞʼ ٕҖԡʯ ଥ࣯߹Ьˈ ‫ق‬Ь ʎࢉࢶࡳԻ ؈૲ձ ߔҁ ଝۢҚ߾ʯ ‫ࣸܕ‬ଞ ؑԮɼ Ѹ߹ЬЕ ۢɽࢇ Қ߹Ь ‫ یݥ‬୯ ɾ୎ ‫י‬չ৔Վ ؏‫ی‬۴ ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չ ࢖߶৔Վ ʎ ଝ˕‫ط‬Ի VHVVLRQࢇ ࢇՔ߭࣌Ь ɾ୎ଝ˕Е 0LGRUL$6$12ˬܹЧࢂ ؑԮԻ ˬܹЧ ؏߾۰ ߇ˬܹЧ˕ ଡ͉ डࡵ ફ੉ࢎࡶ ʉˈ ؈૲ଜ̛ ࢷ࣏̖ࢇΟց ̝ࢠࡶ ૻ ܹ ࢑Е ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼओ ܹ ࢑߹Ьɾ୎ଝ˕ VHVVLRQࡵ Οˈߞ оଝˬ ɾ୎ଝ˕ձ ‫ܕ‬ʎԻ ‫ق‬ʸࢶࢉ ଝܽ؈૲ձ ‫࢖ݤ‬ଜࠑЬࢇ˒ Οˈߞ оଝˬࢂ ɾ୎ଝ˕ ࠇ‫ی‬Е ࡉչࠪ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜएփ ࢷ‫ یۏ࣏ ࢉݦ‬ୱ԰̛˗ࡶ ‫ݤ‬࢖ࡳԻ ̐ ࠇ‫ی‬ձ ʠ‫ݞ‬Ԝ ɼ‫ق‬Ьִ ࠉ‫ ۿ‬ɾ୎оଝˬࠪ ࠇ‫ی‬ɼ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜࠑЬ ଞ˲߾۰ Οˈߞ оଝࡶ ؏‫ח‬ଜ̛ ࢷ ‫ ࢇࢽ˕ی؃‬ϗ ʎ۶ଜࠑЬЕ ࢽ‫ؿ‬ձ ҙˈ ࡉչ ɾ୎ଝ˕ɼҋঙࣇ ࢑Е ʨࢇ ߅Х̧ ଜࠆ Ь‫ ܕ‬ʡࢽࢇ ߔ‫ࡳۼ‬Ο ୃࢢ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬ɾ୎ˬ࡫ ࣱܹࡶ ‫ˬٸ‬ଥ‫ ࡶߑؿ‬Ҷ ࡉչɼ ߔ۰ ࢑ࡸࡶ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹Ь Ьփ ٕԡʯ Г͏ऑ ࢺࡵ ࢊ‫ ࢂٕࢽق‬एएࠪ આ࢕ɼ ւʈଜˈ ۴ѿձ бչ̛ ࡢଞ Ϡԯ˕ ࠊࢂɼ ‫ה‬উ ʈଜЬЕ ʨࢇ߹Ь ࢊ‫ق‬ˬܹЧࢂ ࢕‫ۿ‬ଞ Οˈߞ оଝˬ ɾ୎ଝ˕ ࠇ‫ܕ ࢽ˕࡫ˬ ࠪی‬ʎձ ց৔ˈ ߇ߦஜ ˬܹЧࢂ ؈૲ձ ‫ࡳ࢖ݤ‬Ի ଝܽ؈૲ɼ ࢇՔ߭࣌Ь߇ˬܹЧࡵ ʼ୐ࢇ࣯ ࠆ‫ݦࢽ ࢂ۽‬ʢʈ‫؏ॺࢽ ࠪࢿח‬ଯ߾ оଜࠆ ؈૲ձ ଜ܏Еі ٕҖԡˈ ੊ࡖଞ ࠒ߭؈૲ ‫ݨ‬ԯࡳԻ ঐࣸࡶ ߏѦ ଜ܏Ь ʎࢉࢶࡳԻ ֥ऑ ˬܹЧࢂ ֻ‫ݡ‬ࡶ ‫ ߭࢑ ܹ ك‬шࡊ ࠒ˝‫ݛ‬ԡˈ ‫ڶ‬Ҟଞ ࢕չࢇ̛Ѧ ଜࠑЬ ଝۢ؈૲Е Οࠪ ࢊ‫ ق‬оଝࡕۢ ָ ࢇԥʯ দ ָࢇ ؈૲ձ ଜࠑЬ ָ ঐࣸ ߔ߾۰ ࠒ߭Ի ؈૲ଜЕ ʨࢇ̝ࢠ˕ ٕжࢇ Ѹ߹एփ Ӗ Ьհ ؑࡏࢂ ˕ࢽࢇ ડս ߷ࡳչԄ ୙‫ ࡶݦ‬ʉˈ ӂչЕ ցࡸࡳԻ ‫ݛݛ‬Իձ ࡢԻଜࠑЬ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ѹ ̗‫ ̛۽‬ରୄ‫ ۽‬ϯ࣒ࣸ ୚࢕ࢂ ࡻ̗ɾ୎߾ оଞ ̒ʠࣸ‫ ݪ‬ɾ୎ࢷԘ߾ оଥ ࢕‫࢑ݦ‬ʯ ؈૲ձ ଜࠑЬ оଝࡕۢҚࢂ Ϣ‫ח‬؈૲ ୯ ߇ˬܹЧ˕‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ ۰ˬܹЧࢂ ࠖۘ࠹ࢂ Τ৞Իࡋ ओ‫ ˕ח‬FRPPHQWVЕ ؈૲࢕Қࡶ Ь‫ࢠ̝ ܕ‬ଜʯ փҚ߹एփ ॳ۱ଞ ଝۢ ֻѿ߾ʯ Ѧࢷࢇ Ѹ߹ࡳչԄ ۢɽࡶ ଥ‫ق‬Ь 6HVVLRQ ୯ ࢊ‫ ق‬ɾ୎ଝ˕ ˬܹࠪ ଝۢࢂ ୯‫ ܖ‬ओ‫߭ࢇ ࢇח‬ए߹ˈ ࢇԜଞ ओ‫ח‬Қࡵ Ьߦଞ ʺଥ ҟࡶΟЀ ܹ ࢑Е ˃̛ɼ Ѹ߹ࡳֲ Ьࡸ߾ ш ࢚ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଥ۰ ୛؈ଞ ଝܽˬզձ ଥߞʵЬЕ㪄 㪈㪉㪇 㪄Ьकࡶ ʉѦԼ ଥ࣯߹Ьଝܽоୣ ࠝࢷ 6HVVLRQଝܽоୣ ࠝ୯ 6HVVLRQࢂ‫߭ࠒ ࡵ੼ܕی‬Ի ࢇՔ߭ࣇ ࣏̖ ззଜˈ ۰Իɼ ࢕‫ۿ‬ଞ ۶ָࡶ Қࡶ ܹ ߷߹ы߅‫߹࢑ ࢇࡏݍ‬एփ ঎ ଝܽˬզࢉ ࢺࡶ ʃ߇ ଟ Ҷ ࢷ঑ࢶࢉ ؈૲Е ο‫ה‬Ο փ࣐‫ݛ‬Ԝ࡙Ь ‫י‬Խ ʎࢉࢶࡳԻ ࠒ߭ࠪ ࢊ߭ ˓ٕձ ࣔш ଜࠑЬִ ୹޿ ଀ٕଞ ˬզɼ Ѹए ߉ߑࡶ̧ ଜЕ ߅‫߹࢑ ࡵࡏݍ‬एփ ߦु ֻѿɼ ঎ ଝܽˬզࢉ փਾ ঻ٗଞ փ࣐ʃࡶ ‫ࣺࠆؿ‬ы ‫ࣸܕ‬ଞ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ߹Ь Ӗଞ Οˈߞ оଝˬΰ ɾ୎ଝ˕ ۶վࢇ ࡉչࠪ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜˈ ‫˕ی؃‬ࢽࢇ ֠ࢵ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ьˈ ଜएփ ଝ‫ࡳࢶח‬Ի ࡉչɼ ࡖҟ஢ ߔ۰࢑ࡸࡶ ए‫ࡳࢶܖ‬Ի ГΚܹ ࢑߹Ь ̐˒߾۰ ࠵ए ࡉչΟԂ ϗо টॷ̛ ɾ୎ଝ˕ࢂ ֻ‫࣌ࠆؿ ࢇݡ‬Ь ଜएփ ୆ୣࠪ ଝ˃ɼ ଡ͉ ࡏऐࠆ ˬ࡫˕ࢽࡶ ࢊࡕ୘ଜˈ ˲‫ٸ‬Ի ۱Ř‫ ࡶࢽ˕ ی؃‬एࡕଥ࣯Е ଎Ի̐Ԓࡵ ߔࡳԻ ঻ٗ஢ ࡉչΟԂ‫ؿ‬Ь ш ߔ۰ʀ ܹ ࢑ࡳչԄ ࣏̖ࡵ ࡉԮѸЕࢺѦ ࢑߹Ьଝ˕‫ ط‬ଝܽˬզɼ ΖΟˈ ࡉչЕ Οˈߞ ɾ୎ଝ˕߾۰ ց԰ଥ࣯‫ ض࣯ ݦ‬ˁ৔ɼ ֥‫ݛ‬ԡˈ ο‫ה‬Ο ˈ଀‫ݛ‬Ԝࡋ ˈ̗ ଎Ԋ‫ ݥݛ‬ଈࢷ Ԧ‫ੵݛ‬Ԋ߾۰ ࢵϖࡶ оࢻ؇ߑЬ ࣔ ш ৖̒ଥࣇ ш ૜߇ଞ ٗࡢ̛߾۰ ؈૲ձ ւ Ζβ ୑ɼٗଞ ̛ٗࡳԻ ππଞ ‫ݤیݥ‬ɾࡶ ɼएִ۰ ̐ Ѱ߇ ‫׃‬Ьଞ ࢇߞ̛ձ ΟЀ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ૡ‫ ࡵقࢊ ܕ‬ɾ୎‫ی ࢂی‬ୣࢶ एࡢɼࡉչ‫ؿ‬Ь άˈ ɾ୎ଝࢶ ֻљѦ ‫؂‬Ԇऐଜए ߉ЬԂЕ ࢽ‫ ࡶݥࢉ ࠪؿ‬ʉˈ ࢑߭ ˼̖ଜ̛Ѧ ଜˈ ୙ࢉଜˈ ‫ ࡵݮ‬ցࡸ߾ ٗࡢ̛ɼ ૜߇ଜʯ ࢈߭ʀ ‫ה‬Գ ࣏‫ݛݪ‬ԡʯ ‫ي߭י‬Ь ࢂ࠹Ի ̐Ԟ ‫ֻ ࡶࢺࢿח‬ѿɼ ࢉࢽଜִ۰ ߔࡳԻ ࢊ‫ ق‬ɾ୎˃ɼ ‫ی‬ୣࢶ ࡢۘࢇ ଞ˲ঈԠѸ̛ձ ‫֌ܕ‬ଜˈ ࢑ЬЕ ࢇߞ̛ձ Қ߹ࡶ Ҷ ࡉչΟԂ ɾ୎˃ ۴˱࢕Қࢂ Ϡˈձ ۢɽଜֲ ̐ٗҚࢇ ο‫ה‬Ο ୲խଞ ٗҚࢇˈ ш ࣑ˁ‫ݛ‬ԡˈ ࢕Ԋ‫ݛ‬ԡʯ Г͏࣌Ьࢊ‫ ˕ق‬ଞ˲ ɾ୎˃ɼ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜएփ ߟɾ Ьհ ࢺࢇ ਼ ‫ࢿח‬ɼ Ѻ ܹ ߷ы ଝܽˬզࢂ
ࢠࢇ߹Ь ۰Ի߾ оଞ ɾ୎˃ࢂ ‫ˬٸ‬ɼ ࣏̖ࡵ ࠖ‫׷‬ଞ ্ִࢇԄ ۢɽ߾ ࣏‫ݛݪ‬Ԝ࡙एփࢶ̑ࢶࢇˈ ‫ܙ‬ऐଞ ̐ٗҚࢂ ֻ‫ ߾ݡ‬Ь‫ה ܕ‬ʠࡏࡵ ‫ی‬Ԃएˈ ଞզ߾ оଞ ࢇߞ̛ ۰Ի㪄 㪈㪉㪈 㪄˗‫࢑ ݪ‬Е ‫ח‬୘߾ оଞ Ьߦଞ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼִ۰ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ɼЕ ࣲ ֻծˈ ο‫ה‬Ο ֋࢑Еࡸ‫ ࡵࣚ ˕ݥ‬փΧࡳԻ ࢇԞ ؑࡏࢂ ऊʠࡏࢇ Ӗ ࢑ࡶ̧ ‫ ߭ݮ‬ହ߭एЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ ‫ה‬উࢇΟ߅‫࡙ݍ‬Ь Ӗଞ ˓੼ࢶࡳԻ ɾ୎˃ɼ Ο߅ɼߞ ଟ ؏ଯࡵ ‫ؿ߸ה‬ЬѦ ‫ ˕ࡕػ‬ଝˬɼ ࣔш ࡪ̛ࢶ ˗˃ձ ʉˈ ଡ͉ ɾ୎˃ձ ؈ࢷ‫ݤ‬਄ߞ ଞЬЕ ࢊ৔ѹ ʼԽࡶ ΰչִ۰ ۚԻࡋ ɽࠝࠪ Ьकࡶ ଜˈ ΰϗࡶ ̛ߟଜֲ ହ߭࣌Ь Ьࡸ߾ ࡉչ ଝˬ߾۰ ଝܽ ‫ݪ‬૦एࡏࡶ ଟ Ҷ ࡉչɼ ࢇ ٗҚࢂ ࢽ‫ݛ۽‬Ԟ ؑԮࠪ ̆ଞ оࢻࡶ ؇ࡵ փਾ ͗ ш ࢚ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଥ۰ࢇٗҚࡶ ࢚ оࢻଥ ҖԮߞʵЬЕ ۢɽࡶ ଜֲ ܺ‫ܕ‬Ի Ѫ߅࠱Ьଝܽоୣ ୯ Ь˕ ‫ ؀‬८ ֻࢎଝܽоୣ ୯ Οˈߞ ‫߾ߔ ۽‬۰ଝܽоୣ ୯ ࢵϖ‫ࢎֻ یݥ‬ଝܽоୣ ୯ ࢵϖ‫ࢎֻ یݥ‬ցएւ Τ ࠝࢷ߾ ‫ڄڄ‬ଞ ࢊࢽࡶ ‫ܕ‬୘ଜԗ ए৖ ࡉչҚࡶ ࡢଥ ࢊࡁࢊ߾ ‫ݍ‬एѦ ‫׃‬ଜ‫ٕݤ ࢷࠝ ˈݤ‬ਫ਼ ‫ʺ ˗י؃‬ଝ߾ оଞ ˗˝߇ΰձ ଥ࣯܏Ь ‫ʺ ˗י؃‬ଝࡶ ੼ଜࠆ ࢊ‫ࡪˈ ق‬ଞ ‫ח‬୘ձ ࠐ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ߹Ь ˓ତࡳԻ ࠝЕ ८߾۰ ࢺ‫ݤ یݥݪ‬ɾࢷࢇԂɾЯଞ ࢊ‫ݳॴ ݥق‬Ӏࡶ ΟЅ࣯‫ݤ‬Е ࢊ‫ܹˬ ق‬Чࢂ ֻ‫ ࢇݡ‬৖̒ଜʯ Г͏ࣇ۰ ο‫ה‬Ο ࣚߑЬ ࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽˬզ ؈૲ ࣱ‫߾قࢊ ˕ࢽ˕ٸ‬۰ࢂ ࢊࢽࡶ ੼ଥ Ο ʎࢉࢶࡳԻ Ӗ Ьհ㪄 㪈㪉㪉 㪄ऑ‫ؿ‬ձ ࢇ՗ ܹ ࢑߹ˈ ɼ̮एփ ֠ ΟԂԂЕ ւࠉଞ ߦɼࢶ 缌竏蠿 ࢉ ցࡸࡶ ɼ࣌ыࢊ‫ ࣔ ࡶق‬ш ˱঑ࢶࡳԻ ঑ଵଟ ܹ ࢑߹ы ̛ୣࠑЬ Ӗଞ ࡉչ ଝ˕ࢂ ଝ‫ࢇࣱܹ ࢶח‬߅‫߾߅ݤ‬۴ ফˈࢇֲ ‫ ࡶࢎࢶ˃ۿ‬୙ࢉଟ ܹ ࢑߭ ‫ڶ‬ҞଜࠑЬষ؈ࡵ ٕжʃࡳԻ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹एփ ‫یה ࡶࢽࢊ ࢊ ؃‬஢ ց৖ ҋ ࠝЕ ‫ڶ‬Ҟଡ˕ ࢕‫ݦ‬ʃࡵ Ο ࢕‫ ࡶݦ‬ଯۘ‫ ˈੁݤ‬؈ࢷ‫࢑ ܹ ੄ݤ‬Е Ӗ Ьհ ֥ऑ ˁଵࢇ߹Ь ଥ࠹ ଝୣ ॳࠆˁଵࢇ ϗ ‫ݭ‬ɼ૩߾۰ ࠊԵы 6LJPD 7KHWD 7DX &R6WXG\ ૦‫ݛ‬ਫ਼ ؈૲ɼ ࢷٕࠑыΟ߾ʯ ࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽ ‫ݪ‬૦एࡏࡵ ֻ̍Е ࢖एփ ࠒ߭ ˱ѿ ؈૲ԂЕ ࢺ߾۰ ৲ЬԄ ؑࡏࡶ࣯߹ы ࢺ߾۰ ‫ה‬উ ࠒ˝‫ݛ‬Ԝࡋ ̛ୣࠑЬ оଝࡕ ˓ٕձ ଜִ۰ ࠉஉ̛ɾ˕ ֻҘ உࢊࡶ ؆Ψଥߞ ଜЕ Ь‫ ܕ‬஦Ҙ ۘଢ଼߾۰Ѧ ঎ ଝܽ ˬզࢂ ঎ ষ؈ࢇԂЕ ॺࢎʃ߾ ࠊ‫ݪ‬஢ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଥ࠱ы ʼ‫ࢇ ࢇݨ‬ʨࢇ˱Ο ଜЕ ‫ؿ‬Ԇѹ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ߹Ьଞ૜ Οˈߞ ˓ତ߾۰ٕਫ਼ ࡉչձ ο‫ה‬Ο ৖ࢸଜʯ ɼࢇҖଥ࣯‫ ݦ‬ɾ୎ଝ˕ एࠇ‫ی‬ୣ
1DRNR ,72۴ۢЧࡵ ۰ࡌо ଞ˲߭ ଝкࡶ ЬФ ˁଵࡳԻ Мܺଜʯ ଞ˲߭ձ ࢚ଜ‫܈‬۰ࡉչɼ ࡏऐࢇЕі ࢷୁ ٙ૜ଡ ߷ʯ ଥ࣯܏Ь ‫ ࢽࢊ ࢂࢊ ؃‬Ѱ߇ քࡵ ٗҚࢇ Ѧࡏࡶ ࣯܏एփ ઞ஢Ο 1DRNR ,72۴ۢЧࡵ ୃए߾۰ ࡉչ߾ʯ ɼࢠ ਼ ஦ࢇ Ѹ߭ ࣯܏ЬցएւࡳԻ ؈૲ࠪ ࣱ‫ ߾ٸ‬ʸԮࠪ Ѧࡏࡶ ࣯‫ࠆ ݦ‬Ԝ ˬܹЧ ‫ ؀‬۴୯ؑ ѰՎҚ߾ʯ ̦ࡵʃ‫ˈ ࠪی‬ցࡏࡶ ࢷଜˈ ઞ஢ ଝܽˬզ ॳࠆ ̛ୣձ ࣯‫˕ࢂ ࣯ࡕ ݦ‬оଝ ଝࢠЧ˕ ଝٕࢠЧ Ӗ քࡵ ɼծ৚˕ ؑԮձ ‫ߦ߇ ݦ࣯ ߭ૻت‬ஜ ˬܹЧ͉ ΖࡳԻ ʃ‫یࢉ ی‬ձ Җչִ۰ ॳ˗̛ձ ց৔ˈ ‫ݮ‬Ь㪄 㪈㪉㪊 㪄 <RQVHL  1DJR\D 8QLYHUVLW\
5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ +HDOWK 6FLHQFH ॳ˗̛
1DJR\D -DSDQ a 2FWREHU ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ˕ফ ‫ ؿ‬Ԇ ࢷ ୊ ۴ଗ࢕Е ϗ ࡖ ࢊٕਫ਼ ࢊ̧ए ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ߾ ࢑Е Οˈߞоଝ 1DJR\DXQLYHUVLW\ 'DLNR ৪૊‫߾ݛ‬۰ ࠊջ ě <RQVHL  1DJR\D XQLYHUVLW\ 5HVHDUFK([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ KHDOWK VFLHQFHĜ߾ ॳ۱ଜࠑЬ ࢇ ࠉ˱ˬզЕ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࠪ Οˈߞоଝɾࢂ ए‫ ࢉࢶܖ‬ଝܽ ˬզձ ࡢଞ ঎ ؈ࡶ ҡҡʯ Ѹ߹Ьࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ߾۰ ॳࠆଞ ࢉࡕࡵ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ٕଝࢠ ‫ݦ‬੓‫י  ܹˬ ׷‬չ৔Վଝ˕ ָ ࢷ୊۴ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ɾ୎ଝ˕ ָ ߇ߦஜ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕ ָ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ ָ ࢇ୊ࠒ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ ָ ۰ࠒࣱ ˬܹ ࠹ָ  ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ ָ ࡪࡵࠒ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ ࡶ ૦ଡଞ দ ָ ࢇ߹Ьϗ ࡖ ࢊ ࠝ୯ ‫ࢉ ٗ ݤ‬ঊ˲ࢿ˓ତ߾۰ Οˈߞଭ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛ձ ੉ˈ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦʤԮ Οˈߞ ˲ࢿ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜࠑЬ Οˈߞࢂ ୘ॷଞ Τ޽Е шࡊ ࡉչձ ؆̛Е Ҟ ବˈߟɾ шࡋ Τ޽Е ଞ˲‫ؿ‬Ь ΧЯ߾ ࡢ৔ଜˈ ࢑ˈ ִࢇ ‫؂‬ЬԻ ҂Ԯ ‫࢑ ࠆݸ‬Е ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬ए୉ࢶ ઞ‫ ࢚ ࡶ۽‬о‫ض‬ଥ ࣯߹Ь ցࣸ Οࠟ Οˈߞ оଝ ˬܹҚࢂ ߇ΰձ ؇ࡳֲ ˓ତࡶ ‫ڃ‬ࣇΟ࠱Ь ‫׵‬չ ࣱ‫ٸ‬ଥ ࠟ ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ѿ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ɼԛ ʤԮ ࢊ‫࣏ࢇ֩ ق‬۴ ୯‫) ׵ݤ‬XVKLPLࠇ ̒ঈ߾ ࢑Е 7UXVW\ ୎੫߾ ঑਺ࢉࡶ ଜˈ कࡶ ૻ߭ ϪߑЬ঑਺ࢉࡶ ց৖ ୯ ٗ ࢽѦ ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ࠝ୯ ‫ݤ‬ˁ Οˈߞоଝ ٕ‫ࡳࡕػܖ‬Ի ʇЬ Οˈߞоଝ ٕ‫ ࢂࡕػܖ‬৴૊Ԟ‫ ݛ‬՘߾۰ ୚ࠒ‫ ؀ ی‬Οˈߞоଝ ٕ‫ ߾ࡕػܖ‬оଞ ɾԘଞ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ؇ߑЬ Οˈߞоଝ ٕ‫ ࡵࡕػ ܖ‬ϗ߾ ۶վѸ߭ ߟ ϗࢂ ࠝԐ ࠇ‫ی‬ձ ɼऑ ࢊ‫ق‬о ‫ ࣸ ࡕػ‬ଜΟࢇֲ ॡՔցࢇ߾ ࡢ৔ଜˈ ࢑Ь ̛‫؏ق‬৚ࡵ ফˈ ࣱܹࢂ ࢂՎձ ࢿ˓ଜˈӨ߭΢ ࢂՎࢉࡶ ߦ‫۽‬ଜࠆ एࠇ˕ ‫ی‬ୣ߾ ˓ଲଜ࢕Е ʨࢇЬ Οˈߞоଝ߾ оଥ۰ ۶ָଜЕ Ѱ߇ ଎չࣁ੨ࢇ‫܊‬ցЬ ଞ̔Ի ‫ ࡶࠇء‬ଥϪ߅۰ ࢊ‫ ࢂق‬৖ࢸଡ߾ оଜࠆ Ь‫ ݤ‬ଞ ‫ ء‬ГΚ ܹ ࢑߹Ь ࢷ࢕ ৞ծ੨ ܹܽ एࡕ Ի‫ ن‬ϩࡵ ࢽ‫׹‬Ѧࢂ ؏‫ی‬۴ ৔Վ ‫ݛݤ‬੬˕ ʋࡵ ۴ऑ ̛̛߾ оଞ ۶ָѦ ɾԘଜʯ Қࡶ ܹ ࢑߹Ь୚ࠒ‫ ؀ ی‬Οˈߞоଝ ٕ‫ ߾ࡕػ ܖ‬оଞ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ց৖ ୯ ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕձ ˱ˁ ଟ ܹ ࢑߹Ь‫ה߶ ࡕػ‬ɼ ΖΤ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇԂ ୚࢕Қࢇ ߷߹एփ 05,ࠒۘ‫ػۘࢎ ݨ‬չ‫࠹ ݨ‬Ԏ୚࢕ऑՎ‫ݨ‬‫י‬չ৔Վ‫ ࡶݨ‬҂Ԝ ‫߹࢑ ܹ ك‬Ь ‫י‬չ৔Վ‫˲ ࡵݨ‬ΰ ‫ݤ ࡕػ‬۶˕ ʠࢂ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜࠑࡳֲ ଞ৓ࡶ ࢢ୛৔Վ‫ݨ‬Ի एࢽଜࠆ ؆ࡵ ࢖߶৔Վ‫ݨ‬Ի ‫ࡈی‬ଜˈ Ο֞ए ؆ࡵ ‫י‬չ৔Վ‫ݨ‬Ի ‫ࡈی‬ଜˈ ࢑߭۰ υࡵ ৔Վ ˓ɾࡶ ‫ࡪؿ‬ଜˈ ࢑߹Ь ‫ ࢿݨ‬୚࢕ձ ৔ՎଜЕ ֻ‫ؿ ࡶݡ‬ए ‫׃‬ଞ ʨࢇ ߟɾ ߅‫࡙ݍ‬एփ ࢊ‫ ࡕػ ࢂق‬୚ˁ߾ оଜࠆ ߊʯ Ѹ߹ˈ ࡪ‫ی‬ଞ ‫ݛݤ‬੬ࡶ ʉ঴ˈ ࢑߭۰ ৖̒ʃࡶ Г͓Ь㪄 㪈㪉㪋 㪄‫ ࡕػ‬ΰٕ ʺଝࡶ Ζΰˈ ‫ ࢂࡕػ‬ɼࢠ ϩࡵ ৓߾ ࢑Е ࠉୣ‫ݨ‬Ի ࢕չձ ࠢˀЬ Οˈߞоଝ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ‫ֻ ࢂܖܕ‬Ҙ ˬܹЧҚ˕ ଡ͉ ୚ࠒփ॰ ʽ ࢵϖ‫یݥ‬ձ ଡ͉ ଜࠑЬ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ ؀‬Οˈߞоଝ ‫ܹˬ ܖܕ‬ЧҚ˕ оଝࡕۢҚࢂ ‫ܕ‬ʎɼ ࢑߹ˈ ࢵϖ‫ ࠪیݥ‬ଡ͉ ɽоଝࢂ ଝ˕‫ܹˬ ط‬Ч˕ оଝࡕۢҚ ɾࢂ ж‫ܕ‬ձ Οϼ߹Ь ‫ݤ‬ˁ ࠉୣɼ ΖΟˈ ܺ‫ܕ‬Ի Ѫ߅ࠪ Οˈߞ߾۰ࢂ ঎Τ،ࡶ ‫ؿ‬ηЬ҂ध Τ 7UXVW\ ୎੫߾۰ ࢿ˓ଜЕ ࢊ‫ࡳݥ‬Ի ߅৚‫یݥ‬ձ ଜˈ Οˈߞоଝˬ 'DLNR ৪૊‫ݛ‬ࢂ (DVW EXLOGLQJࢂ ʈкࡳԻ ࢇѰଜࠑЬ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ଝࢠ˕ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࢂ ‫ݦ‬੓‫ܹˬ ׷‬ࢂ ʎୣ‫ی‬ձ ‫ࡳ࢖ݤ‬Ի ଝܽ؈૲ɼ ‫࢖ݤ‬Ѹ߹Ь ‫ٕݤ‬ਫ਼ ‫̧ٗ ݤ‬ए ऑଭѹ ̛࣏ࠉ۶߾۰ Οˈߞоଝˬࢂ <RVKLH NRGHUDˬܹࠪ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࢂ ۰ࠒࣱ ˬܹࢂ ࢊ‫ ˕ق‬ଞ˲ࢂ ‫ؿ‬ʢ‫ ߾߶ی‬оଞ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ь ߟɾࢂ உ‫ݤݥ‬ɾ ҋ߾ ‫ٕٗ ݤ‬ਫ਼ ‫̧ݤ‬ए ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ࢽ‫ ࡉࢽݦ ࡕ۽‬оଝࡕۢࢂ ଞ˲ࢂ ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽ߾ ˗ଞ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ьࠝࢷࢂ ଭ‫ی‬ձ ց৔ˈ ଝ˕‫یݥݪࢺ ط‬ձ ଞ Ьࡸ ‫ٕٗ ݤ‬ਫ਼ ଝ˕‫࣯ ˱ࠉ ࡁ࣯ ط‬ࢿ߾ оଞ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ь ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ˕ ࢷ୊۴ ˬܹࠪ ফ‫ؿ‬Ԇ оଝࡕۢࡵ ‫ء‬धࠪ ‫ء‬ध߾ ؈૲࢕Ի ॳࠆଜࠑЬ ঎ ‫ء‬ध ؈૲Е Οˈߞоଝࢂ 6XVXPD RWD ˬܹࢂ
ę'HYHORSPHQW RI DQ LQVWUXPHQWDO IRU PHDVXULQJ SDWHOOD PRELOLW\ DQG LWV FOLQLFDODSSOLFDWLRQ߾ оଞ ؈૲ɼ ࢑߹Ь 3DWHOOD PRELOLW\ձ ্ࢽଜ̛ ࡢଞ 3DWHOORIHPRUDODUWKURPHWHUձ ʎ؈ଜࠆ SDWHOOD PRELOLW\ ্ࢽࢂ ੉кѦձ ʦऎଜࠑࡳֲ 3DWHOORIHPRUDOSDLQ V\QGURPH୚࢕ࠪ 7.5୚࢕߾ʯ ࢶࡈଜࠆ ࢽۘࢉ˕ SDWHOOD PRELOLW\ࢂ ८ࢇձ ࠉ˱ଜࠑЬ ѿ ‫ء‬धࠪ ‫ء ۿ‬ध ؈૲Е ࣼ ‫ݨ‬ଵࡶ ੼ଜࠆ ࣲ̛ ‫ۿ‬૦ࢂ ٗ୘˕ࢽ߾ оଞ ࠉ˱ࠪ ࣼ߾ʯ LQWHUQDO FDSVXOH KHPRUUKDJHձ ࡪ؈ଜࠆ IRUFHG LPSDLUHG IRUHOLPE XVHࢂ ࠒଯ߾ оଞࠉ˱ࠑЬ ό ‫ء‬ध ࠉ˱Е ࢊ‫ ࢂࢉق‬6WURNH ࢢ؈թ߾ оଞ ࠉ˱ࠑˈ Ь‫ء ۻ‬धԻ ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ˕ ࢷ୊۴ ˬܹЕ Ě/RFRPRWRU LPDJHU\ WUDLQLQJ LPSURYHV JDLW SHUIRUPDQFH LQ SHRSOHZLWK FKURQLF KHPLSDUHWLF VWURNH߾ оଞ ؈૲ձ ऑଭଜࠑЬ ,PDJHU\ WUDLQLQJࡶ ੼ଞ&KURQLF KHPLSDUHWLF VWURNH୚࢕ࢂ ࠆԜ JDLW ‫ ܹࠪض‬ૡɼѦ˱ࢂ ‫ض ࢂܹض‬୘߾ оଜࠆ ۶ָଜࠑЬ ցएւࡳԻ ফ‫ؿ‬Ԇ оଝࡕۢࡵ ę7KH HIIHFW RI DQ LVRPHWULF NQHH H[WHQVLRQZLWK KLS DGGXFWLRQ .(:+$ H[HUFLVH RQ VHOHFWLYH 902 PXVFOH VWUHQJWKHQLQJ߾ оଜࠆ؈૲ବЬ 9DVWXV PHGLDOLVࢂ ۴੔ࢶࢉ ʈ୘ձ ࡢଞ ࡋѰ؏‫ݤࢿ ࡶئ‬ଜࠑЬ দ ָࢂ ؈૲Ի ˱‫ ࢇ۽‬Ѹ߹ˈ ɽ ؈૲ɼ ΖΟִ ୛؈ଞ ओࢂࡻз˕ Ϣࢂ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼ࣌Ь Οˈߞоଝࢂ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ˕߾ оଜࠆ ГΙ ࢺࡵ ̛ট˕ଝ߾ ࣸࢺࡶ ѿˈ ࢉ঑ ΰٕࢂ ‫ض‬୘߾ оଞ ࠉ˱ɼ୛؈ଜʯ ࢇՔ߭एˈ ࢑Ьˈ Г͓Ь ؈૲࢕Қ˕ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼ߭ ‫ؿ‬Т ୃࢢ ‫ݨ‬ଵ‫ ݨ‬ΰ߾۰ ࢇՔ߭एˈ ࢑Е ࠉ˱ɼ քЬˈ ଜࠑˈ ‫י‬չ৔Վ߾ оଞ ˕ଝࢶࢉ ࢻ̒‫ࡢ ̛ॸ ࡶئ‬ଥϠԯଞЬˈ ଜࠑЬࠝ୯ ଭ‫ی‬ձ ֻѿ ց৔ˈ ଝ˕‫ࢵ ط‬ϖ‫یݥ‬ɼ ࢑߹Ь Οˈߞ߾۰ ফˈ̗ ‫یݥ‬Ԃˈ ଜִ۰۱શ߾ ˺Е ‫̛ˈܕ‬ձ оࢻଥ ࣯߹ˈ ֑࣯ࠪ ‫ৼی‬ձ ց‫ܹˬ ֲݤ‬ЧҚ˕ оଝࡕۢࢇ ߭ࡉԜएЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ‫ؿ‬ηЬ ࢊ‫ ق‬оଝࡕۢҚ˕ ଞ˲˕ ࢊ‫ח ࢂق‬୘߾ оଞ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼִ۰ քࡵ ˓ʃࡶ ɼ࣌ˈ ʋࡵ ‫י‬չ৔Վձ ࠉ˱ଜЕ ‫ی‬ԆࡳԻ۰ ৖‫׹‬ʃࡶ шࡊ ш ГΗʯ ଥ࣯߹Ь㪄 㪈㪉㪌 㪄ցएւ Τࡵ ࠖࢽѹ ࢊࢽ‫ؿ‬Ь ࢊ० ୎੫ࡶ Οࠪ۰ ࢷ୊۴ ࡪࡵࠒ ˬܹЧ˕ ଡ͉ ୎੫ ࣯‫ॺۏ ࡶض‬ଜࠑЬ ଞ˲ࢂ ࢊࡁࢊ˕ ʋࢇ ଞ‫ۏ‬ଞ Ѧ‫଀ݤ‬ˁࡶ ‫߾ࡕ˓ ˈ߹࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ߕࠬʺ˕ ‫ ॺۏ‬Οࠟ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢇ քߑЬ Ѧ‫̳ ࡵض࣯ ݤ‬Δବࡳֲ քࡵ ‫ی‬ԆҚࢇ ࢕ࢷʠձ ੉ˈ ЬТˈ ࢕ࢷʠ ѦԻ ࠇ‫߭ ݤ‬ҡ۰Ο ‫߹࢑ ܹ ك‬Ь ߅৚ ‫یݥ‬ձ ց৔ˈ Οˈߞ ࠇ ࣯‫ ؀ ض‬Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ ˗י؃ ݛ‬੎؏ࢇ ऑଭѸ߹Ь ‫ݤ‬ΰ˗˝˕ ‫ࡳ˝˗ ˗י؃‬Ի યࡶ Οϼ߭۰ ࢇѰଜࠑЬ ‫ݤ‬ΰ˗˝ࡵ एଜঋࡶ ੉ˈ Ь৞‫ݤ‬ցߞ ؒ୘ࢺ߾۰ ˗˝ࡶ ଜࠑЬ ؒ୘ࢺࡶ ਺ʯ‫ۿ‬ԻԻ ࢇٗଞЬִ ؆ࡵ 7RN\R KDQGԂˈ ଜЕ ਼ ֻ̍ࢂ ۢ୛ࡈ૽ࢺࢇ ৓ցЬ ࢑߹ࡳֲΟ֞ए ؆ࡵ ଞ˲ࢂ ؒ୘ࢺঈԠ Ьߦଞ ܱଛ‫ݤ‬۶ࢇ ʉ়ࣇ ࢑߹Ь Ӗଞ Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ݛ‬‫ ח؏ ˗י؃‬યࡵ ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ࢇѰଜࠑЬ Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ݛ‬Е Ѧࡁੵ‫ ׵‬ɼ‫ ࢂח‬ցएւ୯‫ࡉ ࢕ࢇܘ‬୚ࢉ Ѧࡁੵ‫ ׵‬஢іࡁ‫ݤ‬ձ ࢕ʼৼ ଞ ࢉ‫י‬Ի۰ ࢕‫੼ ࢂݦ‬৔঑ࢿձ ࠆ ϗɾए‫ࢉ ֲੁݤܖ‬ΰࢂ ‫׵‬ଝࡶ ‫ࢇיࢉ ࣱࠆؿ‬Ь Ѧࡁੵ‫ ׵‬஢іࡁ‫ ߾ݤ‬оଞ ࢊ୘ձ ‫ ֲؿ‬Χ߾ʯ۰ɼ ߅Ф Ο ࢕‫߾߇ ݦ‬۰ ࢚‫ ߞ߅ॸ ࡶ׃‬ଞЬЕ ˬୱѦ ߱ࡶ ܹ ࢑߹ЬֻҘ ࢊࢽࡶ ց৔ˈ Οˈߞ ˓ତ߾۰ ࢉঊ ˓ତࡳԻ Ѫ߅࠱Ь ࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽˬզ ॳ۱ࡶ ੼ଥ ࢊ‫י ࢂق‬չ৔Վ ٗߞ߾ оଞ ࠉ˱ ؏ଯ˕ ؈ࢷ ؏ଯࡶ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹ˈ ʋࡵ ࠉ˱ ٗߞࢂࠆԜ ‫ی‬ԆҚ˕ քࡵ ࢇߞ̛ձ Οϼִ۰ Ьߦଞ ࣯ࢿ߾ ˗ଞ Ϣࢂձ ΟЀ ܹ ࢑߭۰ ࣚࡵ ˁଵࢇ Ѹ߹Ь ̐չˈ ࢊ‫ח ࢂق‬୘ձ ঑ଵଥ ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ̛ୣ Ӗଞ ਼ ऊʠࡏࡳԻ ΧߑЬߔࡳԻ ए‫ࡪ˃˗ ࢉࢶܖ‬एձ ɼए̛ ࡢଥ Ϡԯଥߞʵࡳֲ ΰϗ ࡖ߾ ࠖࢽࢉ ࡕ࣯߾۰ ऑଭѸЕ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࠪ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ଝܽˬզɼ Ӗଞ ࢚ ৔Ԝए̛ ‫؂‬Ԃֲ ࢇۘࡳԻ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࠪ Οˈߞоଝࢂ ଝܽˬզ ॳ˗̛ձ ց৖Ь㪄 㪈㪉㪍 㪄 <RQVHL  1DJR\D 8QLYHUVLW\
5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ +HDOWK 6FLHQFH ॳ˗̛
1DJR\D -DSDQ a 2FWREHU ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕ 03,/ ࠉ˱‫ݨ‬ࢇ ࠒ ऑ ࣏ ୪ ‫ ̡ ׷‬ஜ ࣸଗ࢕Е ϗ ࡖ ࢊٕਫ਼ ϗ ࡖ ࢊ̧ए ࢊ‫ ق‬Οˈߞ߾ ࢑Е Οˈߞоଝˬ 'DLNR
৪૊‫߾ݛ‬۰ ࠊջ  <RQVHL  1DJR\D 8QLYHUVLW\ 5HVHDUFK ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJV RQ +HDOWK
6FLHQFH ߾ ॳ۱ଜࠑЬ ࢇ ࠉ˱ˬզЕ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝ ٗߞࢂ ɽ ΟԂձ о૲ଜЕ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࠪΟˈߞоଝˬ ɾࢂ ए‫ ࢉࢶܖ‬ଝܽ  ࠉ˱ ˬզձ ࡢଥ փҚ߭࣌Ь ϗ ࡖ ࢊ ࠝ୯ ‫ݤ‬ٗ ࢉঊ˲ࢿ˓ତ߾۰ Οˈߞଭ ‫ٸ‬ଭ̛ձ ੉ˈ ‫ݤ‬ɾ ࢽѦ ʤԮ Οˈߞ ˲ࢿ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜࠑЬ࣯ࡢࢂ ଀ˁࡵ ࢊ‫߭ق‬Ի ̛ܽѸ߭࢑Е ʨࡶ ࢿ࠹ଜˈЕ ଞ˲˕ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜࠆ ৖̒ଞ ГΛࢇ߹ЬӖଞ Οˈߞࢂ Τ޽Е ଞ˲ࢂ ۰ࡌ ࡕ࣯ࠪ ‫ݢٸ‬ଜʠΟ ࣏̖ ϩߑˈ ‫ݤ‬८Е ࢷୁ ߷߭۰ ࢶࡻ߾਼ ‫ࢿח‬ɼ ߷߹Ь ΟˈߞЕ ߅ࢇ৔ ୃࢂ ୃঐ ‫ࢢܕ‬एԻ۰ ࢊ‫߾˲ࢷ ق‬۰ ό ‫ء‬धԻ ࢉ˱ɼ քࡵѦ‫ ֲࢇݤ‬Ѧਠɼࠪ ख߇ࢇ Οˈߞ‫ࡳݪࣸ ࡶ۽‬Ի ࢇ एࠇࡶ एؑଜࠑЬˈ ࢷଥऑЬࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ߾۰ ̖‫ ء‬ଝܽˬզ߾ ॳࠆଞ ࢉࡕࡵ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ٕଝࢠ ‫ݦ‬੓‫ ܹˬ ׷‬؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕ ָ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ࢎۘ‫ػ‬չଝ˕ ָ ࢇ୊ࠒ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ࢖߶৔Վଝ˕ָ ࡪࡵࠒ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ‫י‬չ৔Վଝ˕ ָ ࢷ୊۴ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ  ‫ؿ‬ʢଭࢽଝ˕ ָ ۰ࠒࣱ ˬܹ࠹ ָ  ɾ୎ଝ˕ ָ ߇ߦஜ ˬܹ ࠹ ָ ࡶ ૦ଡଞ ָ ࢇ߹Ь ࢊ߾Е Ѧ९ ୯Οˈߞоଝˬ ٕ‫ܕ ࡶࡕػ ܖ‬ʎ؇ˈ ࢊ߾Е Οˈߞоଝˬ 'DLNR ৪૊‫߾ݛ‬۰ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝٗߞ ‫؀‬ɽ ଝ˕‫ ط‬ଝܽˬզձ ଜࠑࡳֲ ࢊ߾Е Οˈߞ ‫ݤ‬ΰձ ੎؏ଜֲ ‫ח‬୘ձ ˁଵଟ ܹ ࢑߹Ь঎ Τ ࠝ୯ ‫ݤ‬ˁ Οˈߞ ˲ࢿ˓ତ߾ Ѧ९ଜࠆ କ߶Οࠟ Οˈߞ оଝˬ ˬܹ ‫ ؀‬ଝۢҚࢂ ߇ΰ߾ҬԂ ࢊ‫࣏ࢇ֩ ق‬۴ ୯‫̒ ࠇ ׵ݤ‬ঈ߾ ࢑Е ୎੫߾ ঑਺ࢉࡶ ଜˈ ࠝ୯ ‫ݤ‬ˁ Οˈߞоଝˬ ٕ‫ܖ‬‫ࡳࡕػ‬Ի ʇЬ ࠝ୯ ‫ٕٗ ݤ‬ਫ਼ ୚ࠒ‫ ؀ ی‬Οˈߞоଝˬ ٕ‫ ߾ࡕػ ܖ‬оଞ ɾԘଞ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ؇ߑЬ Οˈߞоଝˬ ٕ‫ ࡵࡕػ ܖ‬ϗ߾ ۶վѸ߭ ߟ ϗࢂ ࠝԐ ࠇ‫ی‬ձ ɼऑ ࢊ‫ ق‬о‫ ࣸ ࡕػ‬ଜΟࢇֲ ॡՔցࢇ߾ ࡢ৔ଜˈ ࢑Ь ̛‫؏ق‬৚ࡵ ফˈ ࣱܹࢂ ࢂՎձ ࢿ˓ଜˈ Ө߭΢ࢂՎࢉࡶ ߦ‫۽‬ଜࠆ एࠇ˕ ‫ی‬ୣ߾ ˓ଲଜ࢕ Е ʨࢇЬ ୃࢢ߾Е ࢊ ‫ݤ‬ɾ Ѱ‫ ߾ݤ‬оֻ̍ԻऑՎ ۘଢ଼ࡶ ࡪएଟ ܹ ࢑Е 6\VWHPࢉ ࢷ࢕৞ծ੨ࠪ ܹܽएࡕԻ‫ ن‬,057 ҟࡶ ‫࢕ ࢂࡕػ‬ԊࡳԻΰ‫࢑ ˈࡉۿ‬Ь ઞ஢ ࢷ࢕৞ծ੨Е ʎࢉࢽ‫୎ؿؿ‬ձ ˈԮଜࠆ ˈѦࢂ ‫ ߇ؿ‬6\VWHPࡶ ˱঵ଜˈ࢑ˈ ए‫ࡳח‬Ի /RJLQଜʯ Ѹ߭࢑߭ ߇ࢽ‫ݦ ˕۽‬Շ‫ ࡶ۽‬ϩࢊ ܹ ࢑Е 6\VWHPࡳԻ ۶ָଜࠑЬшٙ߭ ଞ˲˕ ‫ˬٸ‬ଜࠆ ؏‫ی‬۴ ʦ‫̛ܹࢻ ݤ ی‬ɼ ࢑ЬЕ ʨࡵ ઞࢇଟ փଞ ࢺࢇЬ ‫ࢂࡕػ‬ࢷ঑ࢶࢉ ‫ܕ‬ʎɼ ΖΟˈ ‫ ࢂࡕػ‬ɽ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝٗߞ ‫ݤ‬۶߾ оଞ ۶ָ ‫ ؀‬ऐࢻ ϾࡳԻ ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼ࣌Ь ‫ ˗ق‬৓߾ ࢑Е 05, &7 ࠒۘ‫ִؿ ݨ‬۰ ଞ˲ࢂ оଝ‫ ܹ ٸࢠ ۽˱ ˕ࡕػ‬ҟࡶ‫ˬٸ‬ଥ ‫࢑ ܹ ك‬Е ࣚࡵ ̛ୣɼ Ѹ߹Ь ୚ࠒփ॰ ʽ ࢵϖ‫یݥ‬Е ‫ ࡕػ‬ΰ ࠉୣࢠ߾۰
ऑଭѸ߹ࡳֲ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ‫ ؀‬Οˈߞоଝˬ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝࢂ ֻҘ ˬܹऑ ଝۢҚࢇ ֻࠆ ۰Իࢉ‫ی‬ଜˈ ‫ܕ‬ʎଜЕ ‫ݤ‬ɾࢇ‫ػ‬ଭѸ߹Ь ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕Е ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹࠪ Οˈߞоଝˬ<RVKLH .RGHUD ˬܹ ࣯˗ࡳԻ ଜࠆ ۰Ի ߇ٕձ ‫ ˈט‬۰Իࢂ ˗‫ ࢢୃ ؀ ߞٗ ݪ‬ऑଭଜˈ ࢑Е㪄 㪈㪉㪎 㪄ࢊ߾ оଥ ‫ܕ‬ʎଜࠑЬ҂ध Τ ୎੫߾۰ ࢿ˓ଜЕ ࢊ‫ࡳݥ‬Ի ߅৚‫یݥ‬ձ ଜˈ Οˈߞоଝˬ 'DLNR ৪૊‫ࡢ ߾ݛ‬৔ଞ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝ ଝܽࢠࡳԻ ࢇѰଜࠑЬ ٕਫ਼ ̧ٗए ऑଭѹ .H\QRWH $GGUHVV߾۰Οˈߞоଝˬࢂ <RVKLH .RGHUD ˬܹЕ Οˈߞоଝˬࢂ ‫ܕ‬ʎձ ࡢ࣯Ի ؈૲ձ ऑଭଜࠑЬ ࣯ࡁΰࡈࡳԻЕ ϗ ؏‫ی‬۴ ̛ܽଝ˕ɼ ʎ۶Ѹˈ ଝˬࢂ Ϡ‫࢕ܹۘ ۘخ‬Е দ ָ ‫ؿ‬ʢ˕ଝоଝࢂଝٕЕ দ ʎԻ ˱‫۽‬Ѹ߭ ࡋࠒѹЬЕ ʨࢇ߹Ь ࢇ ୯ ࢺ‫یݥݪ‬ձ ଜˈ Ьࡸ ଝܽ؈૲ ࢷ̧एΟˈߞоଝˬ ؏‫ی‬۴ ̛ܽଝ˕ ‫ܕ ࡶݨ˱ࠉ ؀ ٸࢠ ࡪؿ‬ʎ؇ߑЬ ּ࣯ଟ ࢺࡵ ࢇ˒߾ &7ࢊ؆঩ࠒࢠ‫& ٸ‬DUP 'HQVLWURPHWHU 0DPPR঩ࠒࢠ‫ ٸ‬ҟ ࠆԜࢠ‫ٸ‬ձ ‫ࡪؿ‬ଜˈ ࢑Еі ˗չɼ ঋࢵଜЬЕ ࢺࢇ߹Ь ϗࢇ φࡵ ࢠ‫ٸ‬ձ ‫ࡪؿ‬ଜִ۰Ѧ ࣯ࢊ߾ ‫̛ܽ ۘࢇ ء‬ʦ‫؀ ی‬߇ࢷѦʦ‫ی‬ձ ‫ݤݨ‬ଜࠆ ࡪएɼ ɼМଜѦԼ ଜЕ ࢺࡵ ˗չٗߞ߾ ࢑߭ ࡉչɼ ؑࡓߞଟ ࢺࢇԂЕۢɽࢇ Қ߹Ь ٕٗਫ਼Е ɽ ࢷ˓‫ ط‬6HVVLRQࢇ ʎ۶Ѹ߭ ࡉչЕ 5DGLRORJLFDO 7HFKQRORJ\ଝܽࢠࡳԻ ࢇѰଜࠆ ॳࠆଜࠑЬ ࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬ ؏‫ی‬۴ଝ˕ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹࠪ ‫࣏ ࢂࢽ˕ی؃‬୪‫˱ࠉ ׷‬ࡕࢇ ɽɽ ‫ء‬ध ‫ء‬ध ؈૲࢕Ի ॳࠆଜࠑЬ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹЕ ę$GYDQFHPHQW RI 0HGLFDO ,PDJLQJ
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ऑଭଜࠑࡳֲ ࣯ࡁ ˬܹऑ˕ оଝࡕ ࠉ˱ࡕҚࢇ ଡֻ͉ࠆ ৖ּѦֻࢂ ‫ݤ‬ɾࡶ ɼ࣌Ьࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࢂ ̡ஜࣸ ˬܹЕ ęο‫࢕ ࡵࣚ ה‬չձ ց԰ଥ࣯ˈ ଜΟଜΟ ؑԮଥ࣯߭ ο‫ה‬Οʃ‫ی‬Җչֲ ΰϗ ࡖ߾ ଞ˲ ؏‫ ݤח‬шࡊ ઞ‫ط‬ଜʯ ֻ‫ݤ‬ʵЬ Ӗଞ ઞ஢ 028 ঑ʼࡵࠉ‫ۿ‬оଝˬࠪ Οˈߞоଝˬ ֻѿ ο‫ ה‬ઞ‫ط‬ଜˈ ‫ࣸܕ‬ଞ ࢊࢇֲ ̛‫ࢇࢊۀ‬ЬĚԂˈ ࢷବࡳֲ ࢇ߾<RVKLH .RGHUD ˬܹЕ ęΟˈߞ߾ ؏‫ח‬ଥ࣯߭ ο‫ ה‬ʃ‫ی‬Җչˈ ؈૲Ѧ ο‫୲ ה‬խଜࠆ քࢇ ؑࡌܹ ࢑߹ࡳֲ ΰϗ ‫ڸ‬փ ߅ТԂ ए‫ ࢉࢶܖ‬۰Իɾࢂ ୆ԯѦ ̛оѹЬĚԂˈ з‫ض‬ଜࠑЬࢵϖ‫یݥ‬ձ ց৔ˈ ࡉչЕ ‫ی‬৞߾ࠇ ࣯‫ ض‬Οˈߞ ‫ݤ‬ΰձ ˗˝ଜࠑЬ Οˈߞ Ѧ‫੼˗ ࡶݪ‬ଜЕѦԻࢉ ஢‫ࠝߞی‬Ѧչࢂ ࣸߒ߾ ࡢ৔ଞ ěΟˈߞ 79੉ࡓĜձ ‫ߑؿ‬Ь ࢇЕ ϗ߾ ʢ۶ѹ ࢊ‫ق‬ফটࢂ ੫Ԧ‫˃ࣸ ࢷٸ‬੏ࡳԻ ࢷଥऑЬ Ӗଞ ࢊ‫࢕ ࢇق‬ԊଜЕ ୯‫̒ ࠇ׵ݤ‬ঈ߾ Ԃִख߾ ҚԮԂִࡶ ֟߹ˈ ցՔ߾ࢇ ؒ୘ࢺ ΰ߾ ࢑Е ࠀۨ߾ ҚԮ ࠆԜ ɼए ࢊ‫˱ ࡶ૽ࢿ ق‬ˁଜࠑЬ㪄 㪈㪉㪏 㪄ցएւ Τ߾Е Οˈߞ ࠇ ࣯‫ ؀ ض‬Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ ˗י؃ ݛ‬੎؏ࢇ ऑଭѸ߹Ь ɽɽ યࡳԻΟϼ߭ࣇ ˗˝ࡶ ‫࢖ݤ‬ଜࠑࡳֲ Οˈߞ ࠇ ࣯‫˝˗ ض‬યࡵ ‫ی‬৞߾ ࠇ߾۰ ஢ɼ‫׵ߞݤ‬۴ एଜঋࡶ੉ˈ ࢽʠࢠࡶ एΟ Οˈߞ ࠇ߾ ΰԮ Ь৞‫ݤ‬ցߞ ؒ୘ࢺࡶ ˗˝ଜࠑЬ ࠆ̛߾ ࢑Е 7RN\X+DQGVЕ ࢽֆ ֻ̍ɼ ʠоଜࠑࡳֲ ࣯؏ࡈ૽ િ‫࢝܊‬୘ ҟ Ьߦଞ ࢿ૽ࡶ ‫ܕ‬ʎଜˈ શ֐ଜˈ࢑߹Ь Ӗଞ Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ח؏ ˗י؃ ݛ‬યࡵ ‫ݛ؟‬ձ ੉ˈ ࢇѰଜࠑЬ Ѧਠɼࠪ ࢇ߾ߞ‫ݛ‬ЕѦࡁੵ‫ ׵‬ɼ‫ ࢂח‬ցएւ ୯‫ࡉ ࢕ࢇܘ‬୚ࢉ Ѧࡁੵ‫ ׵‬஢іࡁչձ ࢕ʼৼ ଞ ࢉ‫י‬Ի۰ ࢕‫ࢂݦ‬੼৔঑ࢿձ ࠆϗɾ ए‫ࢉ ֲੁݤܖ‬ΰࢂ ‫׵‬ଝࡶ ‫ࢇיࢉ ࣱࠆؿ‬Ь ‫ ֲؿ ࡶ˗י؃‬Χ߾ʯ۰ɼ߅Ф Ο ࢕‫߾߇ ݦ‬۰ ࢚‫ ߞ߅ॸ ࡶ׃‬ଞЬЕ ˬୱѦ ߱ࡶ ܹ ࢑߹Ьࢇ‫ ء‬ଝܽˬզ ॳ۱ࡶ ੼ଥ ࢊ‫ی؏ ࢂق‬۴ଝ ٗߞࢂ ࠉ˱Ѱଯ ‫ ؀‬؈ࢷ؏ଯࡶ ߊ ܹ ࢑߹ˈࢊ‫ח ࢂق‬୘ձ ‫ ˈؿ‬঑ଵଟ ܹ ࢑߹Ь 028 ঑ʼࡶ ੼ଥ ۰Իɾࢂ ‫ݦ‬Շձ ‫ ˈߑݸ‬୆ԯࢂষ؈ࢺࢇ Ѹ߹Ь Ӗଞ ए‫ࡪ˃˗ ࢉࢶܖ‬एձ ࡢଥ քࡵ Ϡԯࡶ ̛ࡌࠆߞ ଜʵࡳֲ ΰϗ ࡖࢊٕਫ਼ ࢊ̧ए ࡕ࣯߾۰ ऑଭѸЕ ଝܽˬզ߾Ѧ քࡵ ˗‫ ࡶݪ‬ɼࣇߞʵЬˈ Ьकଜֲ ‫ق‬ॳ˗̛ձ ց৖Ь㪄 㪈㪉㪐 㪄