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ӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬᭗ሁ૙Ꮛᄂᆮǻȳǿȸߪ ߓ ߼ ߦ ฬฎደᄢቇቇⴚᙗ┨ߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫⊒⥄ޔ‬ᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᢎ⢒ታ〣ߦࠃߞߡ‫⺰ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᕁ⠨⢻ജߣᗐ௝ജߦንࠎߛാ᳇޽ࠆ⍮⼂ੱࠍ⢒ߡࠆ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩቇⴚᙗ┨ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ⎇ⓥ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ᜚ὐᄢቇࠍ߼ߑߔ᳿ᗧࠍ␜ߔߣหᤨ
ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ὐᄢቇࠍ߼ߑߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍት⸒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㊀ὐᄢቇߚࠆߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ᢎ⢒૕೙ߣࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍฬฎደᄢቇߪᮨ⚝ߒߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦቇౝភ⟎ߦࠃࠅోቇᢎ⢒⚵❱㧔ࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠝ࡯࠲࡯㧕ߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮‫ޔߦ߽ߣߣࠆߔ⟎⸳ࠍޠ‬ᣂߚߦ‫ోޟ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ‫✬ࠍޠ‬ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕ 4᦬ߦߎࠇࠍታᣉߦ⒖ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍ฽߻ᐢ⟵ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞ᐲߥᢎ㙃ࠍ஻߃ߚ⦟⼂޽ࠆᏒ᳃ߩ⢒ᚑߣ޿߁␠ળߩⷐ⺧ߦᔕ߃ࠆ⃻ઍ⊛ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳
࡯࠼ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛଻⸽߇⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆߥ߆‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߣޕ‬ࠅࠊߌ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᯏ㑐ߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߿ᢎ⢒ℂᔨ߅ࠃ߮⋡⊛ߦೣߒߚ‫ࠆ޽⦡․ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺖ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬㗴ᗧ⼂ߩਅ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢߪ‫ޔ‬✚㐳ⵙ㊂⚻⾌ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲߦ‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߩ‫ࠍޢࠣࡦ࠾࡯࡜࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠢࠕޡ‬ଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼
ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ޕߚߞⴕࠍޠ‬2004 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߣᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇౒หߢ‫✚ޔ‬㐳ⵙ㊂⚻⾌ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᲧセ⎇ⓥ‫ࠍޠ‬ታᣉߒߚ‫ޔߪߢ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ၮ␆⊛⎇ⓥߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢࠍ߰߹߃‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ቇ↢ߩᄌኈ߿ᚑ㐳ࠍଦߔࠃ߁ߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒
ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑ߿ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩࠦ࡯ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚ‫ ߦࠄߐޕ‬2005 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫✚ޔ‬㐳ⵙ㊂⚻⾌ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⑼⋡✬ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ࠦ࡯ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ࠍޠ‬ታᣉߒߚ‫⎇ߩߎޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ࠇߋߔޔ‬ߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ߽ߟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒‫✬⋡⑼ޔ‬ᚑ‫ߩ࠻ࡦࡔࠫࡀࡑࠬ࡯ࠦޔ‬ᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬㧟ᐕ㑆ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേࠍ߰߹߃‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩోቇᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮૕೙⏕┙߹ߢߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩᱠߺߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬วⴐ࿖ߩ⎇ⓥᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩേะߦߟ޿ߡขࠅ਄ߍߚ‫ߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߒߡㆊ෰ 10 ᐕ㑆ߩᄌㆫߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ự↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼߅ࠃ߮◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼߆ࠄ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬࡯ߦᔕߓߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚਔᢎ᝼ߦߪᔃ߆ࠄᗵ⻢ߒߚ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏߪ‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩኾછᢎຬ߅ࠃ߮౗છᢎຬߦዞછߐࠇߚవ↢ᣇߦߣߞߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⺖㗴ࠍᛠីߔࠆ਄ߢᄢᄌ᦭⋉ߢ޽ࠆߣାߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⍮⷗߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ 2007 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩ╙ 2 ࠢ࡯࡞ߩᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߦะߌߡᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯೨࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳㧔⃻ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ᢎോᆔຬ㐳㧕㤥 ↰  శ ᄥ ㇢ᐨᢥ

20 ᐕએ਄߹߃ߩߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߦ౉ቇߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩ⻠⟵ⷐⷩࠍฃߌขߞߚߣ
߈ߩ⥝ᅗࠍᔓࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬‫ޔߦߎߎޟ‬ቇ໧ߩߔߴߡ߇޽ࠆ‫ߪ⑳ߣޠ‬ᕁߞߚ߽ߩߢ
ߔ‫߇⑳ࠍߡߴߔߩߘޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ቇ߮ߟߊߔߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠍ᝼߆ߞߚ⠪߇‫ޔ‬ᄢቇࠍතᬺߒߚᓟߢ߽⛮⛯⊛ߦりߦߟߌߡ޿ߊߴ߈‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃‫✚ߩޠ‬૕߇ߘߎߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩ਎⇇ߦߎࠇ߆ࠄ⑳ߪෳ౉ߒߡ޿ߊߩߛ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᕁ޿ߪ⑳ࠍり㔡޿ߐߖߕߦߪ޿߹ߖࠎ
ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬
 ࠺ࠞ࡞࠻‫ߩࠄࡠ࠼ࠖ࠺߿࡞࡯࠹࡞ࠜࡧߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬໪⫥ਥ⟵⠪ߚߜࠍ଀ߦ᜼ߍࠆ߹ߢ߽ߥ
ߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧ߩ✚૕ߪߒ߫ߒ߫৻ᧄߩᧁߣߒߡ⴫⽎ߐࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ໧ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ
߇޽ߞߡ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤ߇ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㑐ଥߒ޽ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬૗߇ၮ␆ߢ޽ߞߡ૗߇ߘߩ਄ߦ
Ⓧߺ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔߦࠆߔ߁ࠃޕ‬‫߇ࠇࠊࠇࠊޟ‬ቇ߱ߴ߈ߎߣ߇ࠄ‫✚ߩޠ‬૕ߪߤߩࠃ߁
ߦ᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ໧ߩᧁ‫ߩޠ‬ഥߌࠍ୫ࠅߡߪߓ߼ߡ‫ߩᦸ৻ࠍࠇߘߪࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ‬ਅߦ߅ߐ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ߁߹ߊ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߐࠇ‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧൻߐࠇߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ‫ޟ‬ቇ໧ߩᧁ‫ߢߩࠆ߃⸒ߣޠ‬ߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ߦߩ߽ߩߘࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޕ‬಴ળ߁ߎߣࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬‫⃻ޟ‬ઍߩᢎ㙃‫ޠ‬ߩ✚૕ߣቇ໧ߩో૕௝ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ‫‛ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ℂቇߩၮ␆ߪ޿ߊߟߩಽ㊁߆ࠄߥࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ‛ℂቇࠍ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥಽ㊁ߥߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ‫ੱޕ‬ᢥቇߪ‫ືޔ‬ቇ࡮ᱧผቇ࡮ᢥቇߩ㧟ᧄᩇ߆ࠄߥࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ‫ືߩߘޕ‬ቇߪᒻ⠰਄ቇ࡮ሽ࿷⺰࡮ଔ୯⺰߆ࠄߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ଔ୯⺰ߪ⟤ቇߣ୶ℂቇࠍᩇߣߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޟߚߒ߁ߎޔߪࠇࠊࠇࠊޕޘ╬ޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓ⥄૕߇߽ߟᢎ⢒ജ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎࠍޠ‬シⷞߒߔ߉ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߘࠇ⥄૕߇ᢎ⢒ജࠍᜬߜ߁ࠆߩߪ‫߇ࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ‬ቇ໧ߣᢎ㙃ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᝒ
߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇┵⊛ߦ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ߪࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ߫ࠊ޿ޕ‬ᄢቇߩ
⥄Ꮖℂ⸃ߩ⴫᣿ߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᯏ⢻ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ⸃૕ߦ઻޿޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ߥ⊛ޠ⋡⑼ࡑ࡯࠹ޟ‬ᱜ૕ਇ᣿ߩ⑼⋡⟲߇ੂ┙ߒߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ోޔ‬࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⎕უߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚࠃ߁ߦ⑳ߦߪᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ ޿߹ᔅⷐߥߩߪ‫ߩࠇࠊࠇࠊߩߡ޿ߟߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ഀ✬ᚑߩᛛⴚ⺰ࠍ⿥߃‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⺰߿ቇ໧⺰ߣߩㅢ〝ࠍᜬߞߚߐࠄߦ㜞ᐲߥᰴర߳ߣ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠ߇ߘߩߚ߼ߩ╙৻ᱠߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ‫⏕ߪ⑳ޔ‬ାߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳
ᚭ↰ጊ๺ਭ

⎇ⓥ⚵❱
㧔2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕ડ↹ળ⼏ ᚭ↰ጊ๺ਭ ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ᄐ⋡㆐਽  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᢎ᝼ ㄭ↰᡽ඳ  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ഥᢎ᝼ ਛ੗ବ᮸  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ഥᢎ᝼ 㠽ዬ᦮ሶ  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ⻠Ꮷ㧔ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࠴࡯ࡈ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠ✬㓸ᐙ੐㧕 㕍ጊ૫ઍ  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ഥᚻ ੗਄๺⟤  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ኾ㐷⡯ຬࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ ᚭ↰ጊ๺ਭ ᄐ⋡㆐਽ ㄭ↰᡽ඳ ਛ੗ବ᮸ 㠽ዬ᦮ሶ 㕍ጊ૫ઍ
ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠕࠪࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻ ᫪ਅ᥍⟤  ฬฎደᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ࠕࠪࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ ਭ଻↰␭᱌ ฬฎደᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ᄢቇ㒮↢ ᧲ ⦟੺  ฬฎደᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒⊒㆐⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ᄢቇ㒮↢⋡     ᰴ
ߪߓ߼ߦ
ᐨᢥ
⎇ⓥ⚵❱
1㧚ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᲧセ⎇ⓥߩⷞᐳ

㤥↰శᄥ㇢
ᚭ↰ጊ๺ਭ

㠽ዬ᦮ሶ

2㧚ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
2.1 ฬฎደᄢቇోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄌㆫߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ߣ⺰ὐ㠽ዬ᦮ሶ
2.2 ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޠ‬㑐ߔࠆᱧผ⊛⠨ኤ 㕍ጊ૫ઍ
2.3 ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏ㧦Ԙự↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼㧔ᴺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⸥㍳
2.4 ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏ㧦ԙ◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼㧔ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧕߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⸥㍳
2.5 ᣣᧄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ቇળႎ๔⾗ᢱ 2004 ᐕᐲ㤥↰శᄥ㇢࡮ㄭ↰᡽ඳ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ
2.6 ᣣᧄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ቇળႎ๔⾗ᢱ 2005 ᐕᐲ㤥↰శᄥ㇢࡮ㄭ↰᡽ඳ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ࡮ᄐ⋡㆐਽
3㧚ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
3.1 ⎇ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ㧙☨࿖ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇࠕ࠽࡯ࡃ࡯ᩞߩ੐଀ࠍᚻ߇߆ࠅߦ㧙㠽ዬ᦮ሶ
3.2 ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
㧙㧔1㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ․⾰㧙㠽ዬ᦮ሶ3.3 ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
㧙㧔2㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧙㠽ዬ᦮ሶ
3.4 ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ㑐ଥ⾗ᢱࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ᆔຬળਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩឭ⸒࡝ࠬ࠻
3.5 Curricular Development within a Research-Intensive University:
The Example of Harvard
James Wilkinson㕍ጊ૫ઍ
3.6 ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇㇱᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
3.7 ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇ㑐ଥ⾗ᢱ㧦ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒
㧙Liberal Education at Chicago㧙4㧚࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
4.1 ർᄢߩㅴൻߔࠆࠦࠕࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㨪ᢥ♽⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃߦ቟⮮ෘ
4.2 ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⸰໧⺞ᩏᄐ⋡㆐਽࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ
4.3 ℄⃿ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩข⚵ߺዊḊථᄦ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ߹ߣ߼㧙Ყセ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄߩ␜ໂߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴㧙ਥⷐෳ⠨ᢥ₂࡮ෳ⠨ࠨࠗ࠻

ઃ⸥

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ᄐ⋡㆐਽࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ 221
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㧚ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᲧセ⎇ⓥߩⷞᐳ


㠽ዬ᦮ሶ

ᵏώᴾ ἩἿἊỹἁἚỉբ᫆ॖᜤểỴἩἿὊἓᴾ
੹ᣣ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛଻⸽߇⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆߥ߆‫ߡ߼ߚࠄ޽ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ
㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1991 ᐕߩᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩ‫ޟ‬ᄢ✁ൻ‫⥸৻ޔࠅࠃߦޠ‬ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ታᣉ⚵❱߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌᦝߐࠇߚ੐ታߪ‫ޔ‬ᚢᓟᣣᧄߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩᱧผߦ߅޿ߡ৻ᄢ
ォ឵ᦼߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬1990 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄ৻᳇ߦടㅦߒߚߣߺࠄࠇࠆ
ᄢቇ⹏ଔߩേ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ੐೨⹏ଔߩࡈ࡟࡯ࡓ߆ࠄ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ੐ᓟ⹏ଔߩ
ࡈ࡟࡯ࡓ߳ߣ⒖ⴕߒߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ႐㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯ߿ౕ૕⊛ߥታ
ᣉߩᣇᴺ‫ߥ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ᚑᨐ߇෩ߒߊ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߐࠇࠆᤨઍߦߥߞߚ‫ޔ߆ߥߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫߿ࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒߩ❱⚵ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ᢎ⢒ℂᔨ߅ࠃ߮⋡⊛ߦೣߒߚ‫⦡․ޔ‬޽ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߣ⾰ߩᜂ଻߇ᕆോߩ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⺖㗴ᗧ⼂ߩਅ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢߪ‫ࡠࡊ࡮ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޟ‬ࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޠ‬㧔એਅࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߣ⇛⸥㧕ࠍ┙ߜ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲߦ‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߩ‫࡮ࡉࠖ࠹ࠢࠕޡ‬࡜࡯࠾ࡦࠣ‫ࠍޢ‬ଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㐿⊒⎇ⓥ‫ࠍޠ‬ታᣉߒߚ‫ߊ⛯ޕ‬
2004 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᲧセ⎇ⓥ‫ޔࠍޠ‬2005 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⑼⋡✬ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ࠦ࡯ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔એ਄‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ✚㐳ⵙ㊂⚻⾌㧕ࠍⴕߞߚ‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߪ‫ ߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߦ߅ߌࠆᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ໧޿ߥ߇ࠄ‫⎇ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ᦭ലߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ‫ޠߜߚ߆ޟ‬㧔ቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩ㛽⚵ߺ㧕ߣ‫ޠߺ߆ߥޟ‬㧔⍮⼂࡮ࠬࠠ࡞࡮ᘒᐲ╬ߩ₪ᓧߔߴ߈ౕ૕⊛ߥౝኈ㧕ࠍㅊⓥߔࠆⷞὐߢ⽾߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦߎߘޕ‬ߪ‫ࠍޠߺ߆ߥޟߣޠߜߚ߆ޟߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬นⷞൻߒ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ࠦ࡯ࠬ‫ޔ‬୘‫ޘ‬ߩ᝼ᬺߦౕ૕ൻߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⚵❱ߪ޿߆ߥࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩડ↹┙᩺࡮ታᣉ૕೙ࠍᢛ
߃ࠆߴ߈߆‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ᝼ᬺࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᢎຬߪࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⚵❱⊛ߥ㐿⊒ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦෳ↹ߔߴ߈߆‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ਇนᰳߥⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ㅢߓߡ᦭ᗧ⟵ߥቇ⠌ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼߐࠇߡ޿ࠆቇ↢ߪ޿߆ߦߒߡ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߒቇ჻⺖⒟ߩᚑഞࠍ෼߼ࠆ߆‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ໧޿߳ߩⷞὐ߇ౝ൮ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠆߴ߈ᆫࠍㅊⓥߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒ‫ ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬3 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆᵴേߩᚑᨐࠍ߰߹߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߦߟߥ߇ࠆၮ␆⊛⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ᭴ᚑ߿ⷙᮨ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛ᢥ⣂߇㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇ߿․⦡ߩ޽ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆᄢቇࠍㆬ
߮‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ᯏ㑐ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⠨ኤߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᶏᄖߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌ
ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ੐଀߆ࠄ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ޔߦߊߣޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߥቇ߮߿ᚑ㐳ࠍଦߔࠃ߁ߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓ㐿⊒߿ࠦ࡯ࠬࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᵐώᴾ ஜἩἿἊỹἁἚỉᛦ௹ϋܾểЎௌᙻᚌᴾ ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡⊛߅ࠃ߮⋡ᮡࠍឝߍ‫ޔ‬ਥߦਃߟߩᩇߦߘߞߡ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧔㧝㧕ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ



-1-



 㧔㧞㧕ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
㧔㧟㧕࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᩇߦߘߞߡⴕߞߚ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩ᭎ⷐࠍ⸥ߔߣߣ߽ߦ‫⺞ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᩏߦ߅ߌࠆ⌕⌒ὐ߿ಽᨆⷞⷺߦߟ޿ߡ⸥
ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ίᵏὸӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỆấẬỦ૙᫱ᢿࡑഥࢸỉ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲᴾ
ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ⴕ⃻ޔߕ߹ߣ߭ޔ‬ߩ‫ోޟ‬ቇᢎ⢒‫ࠍ⾰․ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޠ‬ಽᨆߒ‫ࠆߥ߆޿ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ℂᔨ߿ၮᧄ⋡ᮡߩਅߦౕ૕⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧔㠽ዬ⺰ᢥ 2.1㧕‫ోޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᢎ⢒ℂᔨ߿ၮᧄ⋡ᮡߣ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥ㑐ଥߦᵈ⋡ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩࠦࡦ࠮ࡊ࠻ߩਅ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߩቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩ౒ㅢᕈ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߦ߅߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߇⠨ኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦߩ↱᧪ࠍតࠆᗧ࿑ߢ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߩޠ‬ᱧผࠍ߽߭ߣ޿ߚ‫╙ޕ‬ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟߦ☨࿖ߦࠃߞߡᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚ”General
Education”㧔৻⥸ᢎ⢒㧕߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦዉ౉ߐࠇ‫ࠆߥ߆޿ޔ‬ቯ⌕ߣዷ㐿ࠍߺߖߚߩ߆ࠍ┍޿⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧔㕍ጊ⺰ᢥ 2.2㧕‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄㆇ↪߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇‫ߦ߆޿ޔ‬ㆊ෰ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩᚑᨐ߿໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴ࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߡ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆ࠍߘߎߦ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩታᣉࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⚵❱૕೙㕙ߩᱧผ⊛⚻✲ࠍᛠីߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ߩႎ๔ᦠ╬߆ࠄߪᓧࠄࠇߥ޿⾆㊀ߥᖱႎࠍ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߦ៤ࠊߞߚ㑐ଥ⠪߆ࠄ⡬ขߒߚ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ࠍਥዉߔࠆ┙႐ߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޔ‬ự↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼㧔ᴺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ᝼㧕ߣ◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼㧔ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ᢎോᆔຬ㐳࡮หኾછᢎ᝼㧛ᒰᤨ㧕ߩ߅ੑੱߦ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ᒰᤨߩ⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ự↰ᢎ᝼ߦኻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߦઍࠊࠆ‫ޟ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼ‫ޠ‬㧔ోቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળࠍਛᔃ
ߣߔࠆㆇ༡૕೙㧕ߩណ↪ߦ㓙ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߩ߽ࠃ߁߿ਥⷐߥ⺰ὐ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߩਛᔃ⊛છോ╬߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ‫ޔߟ߆߅ߥޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ‫⸃ޟ‬૕‫⥸৻ޟߣޠ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬ᑄᱛߣ޿߁৻ᄢォ឵ᦼߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩㆇ↪ࠍਅᡰ߃ߔࠆࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩߒߊߺ߇޿߆ߥࠆ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ
࠶ࡊߩਅߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦᚢ⇛⊛ߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚߩ߆߇ߟ߹߮ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫↰◉ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ߦኻߔࠆࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߦẜ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ໧㗴߿⺖㗴߇ߘߩᓟߩታᣉ⽿છ⚵❱ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦᒁ߈ขࠄࠇߡ޿ߞߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁ὐ߿‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼ߆ࠄᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊒⿷ߦ⥋ࠆᵹࠇߦ߅޿ߡ૗߇⷗⋥ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬૗߇⚵❱ౣ✬ߩଦㅴⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁
ὐ╬߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᑄᱛߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩታᣉ⽿છ⚵❱ߩ޿߆ߥࠆᯏ⢻ߦᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ࠄߦߟ޿
ߡ߽⸅ࠇࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊒⿷ᓟߩ⚵❱૕೙߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩㆇ↪⁁ᴫࠍᝒ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⾗⿷⵬ޔ‬ᢱߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ቇળᄢળߢߩ⊒⴫ᤨߦ૶↪ߐࠇߚࡄࡢ࡯ࡐ
ࠗࡦ࠻ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ࠍੑ⒳㧙㤥↰࡮ㄭ↰࡮㠽ዬ㧔2004㧕‫✚ޟ‬วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⚵❱ൻ߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⸳┙㧙‫߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬㤥↰࡮ㄭ↰࡮㠽ዬ࡮ᄐ⋡㧔2005㧕



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‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ታᣉ⚵❱ਅߢߩ᝼ᬺታ〣ߩ⺖㗴㧙ฬᄢᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦ
ࠤ࡯࠻ߣߘߩᵴ↪㧙‫ޠ‬㧙ឝタߒߚ‫⾗ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᢱ߆ࠄߪ‫ోޟޔ‬ቇ಴௛૕೙‫ߢޠ‬ᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ
޿ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⚵❱ߩ૕೙㕙ߢߩᗧ⟵߿⺖㗴߇ᛠីߢ߈ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙
ߩ቟ቯ⊛ㆇ↪߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺታ〣ߩ⾰ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㜞߼ߡ޿ߊ߆ߣ޿ߞߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታ⾰⊛ߥᡷༀߦ⚵❱⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߩਛᔃ߇ផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⺒ߺขࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ίᵐὸỴἳἼỽӳᘌ‫׎‬ỉɼᙲ‫ܖٻ‬ỆấẬỦ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲᴾ ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩᱧผࠍ᦭ߒవ㚟⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ
วⴐ࿖ߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩਃᄢቇࠍขࠅ਄ߍ
ߚ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߣࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߿⚵❱᭴ᚑ╬ߩὐߢ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆߣߺࠄࠇࠆࡒࠪࠟ
ࡦᄢቇ㧔University of Michigan㧕‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇ㧔Harvard University㧕‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇ㧔University of Chicago㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ථ⿧ߒߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆવ⛔޽ࠆ✚วᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߩೋ㗡ߢ޽ࠆ⃻࿷‫ࠆߥ߆޿ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ૞ᬺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦᄢቇߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߿ೀ
ⴕ‛╬ߢ౏⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ߁߃‫⸰ޔ‬໧⺞ᩏ߅ࠃ߮ෳਈⷰኤ⺞ᩏߦࠃߞߡౝㇱ⾗ᢱߩ෼㓸߿ᜂᒰ⠪߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ╬ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇߩ੐଀⺞ᩏ߆ࠄߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴
ㅧ਄ߩ․⾰ߣ㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ․ᓽߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒߚ㧔㠽ዬ⺰ᢥ 3.1㧕‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ߩᄙ᭽ߥቇ⠌࠾࡯࠭ࠍ଻⸽ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥ⍮⼂߿ࠬࠠ࡞ߩ₪ᓧࠍ߽㆐ᚑߒ߁ࠆࠃ
߁ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ਄ߩ․⾰ࠍ߰߹߃‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩᚑഞࠍᡰ߃ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
ߣߒߡߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ࡮ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠫࡦࠣ࡮ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ᦭ലᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⽿ޔ‬છ૕೙߅ࠃ߮ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ‫ޔ‬ౕ૕⊛ߥࠦ࡯ࠬߩᣂ⸳࡮ᡷ⸓࡮೥㒰ߦ㓙ߒߡᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆࡐࠗࡦ࠻╬ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᚻᴺࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߩ੐଀⺞ᩏߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬วⴐ࿖࠻࠶ࡊߩ⎇ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ
ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․⾰ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛᔃࠍߥߔ‫ߩޠࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޟ‬ᄢ᏷ߥᡷ⸓ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ㆊ⒟ࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ㧔㠽ዬ⺰ᢥ 3.2 ߅ࠃ߮ 3.3㧕‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅޿ߡᛮᧄ⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦෳ↹ߒߚ㑐ଥ⠪ߩႎ๔ࠍឝタߒ‫ޔ‬⚵❱ౝㇱ߆ࠄߺߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߩታᘒ߿‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ㓸࿅߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴‫ޔ‬੹ᓟߩᡷ⸓૞ᬺߩᣇะᕈ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߒߚ㧔Wilkinson ႎ๔ 3.5㧕‫ޕ‬ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩ੐଀⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᢎ⢒ℂᔨ㧔ࡕ࠶࠻࡯㧕ߣ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⋡⊛ߣߩᢛวᕈ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇ‫⥸৻ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩౕ૕⊛ߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ㧔㕍ጊ⺰ᢥ 3.6㧕‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ૐᐕᰴߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⠌߆ࠄ㜞ᐕᰴߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⊛ߥቇ⠌߳ߩធ⛯߇‫ޔ‬ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᑼ߅ࠃ߮೙ᐲߢታ⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚὐ߿‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⊛ߥቇ⠌߳᳓〝ઃߌࠄࠇߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ቟ቯ⊛ㆇ↪߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᢎຬ㈩⟎਄ߩᎿᄦߦࠃߞߡ⏕଻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚὐ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬



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ίᵑὸ‫׎‬ϋỉɼᙲ‫ܖٻ‬ỆấẬỦ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲᴾ࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ੐଀⺞ᩏߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇࠍขࠅ਄ߍߚ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߣⷙᮨ߿વ⛔߇㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆห௥ᯏ㑐㧔peer institute㧕ߣߒߡ‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇߪᢎ⢒ߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅߈ߥ߅߆ߟ࿾ၞ߿㘑࿯
ߩ․ᕈࠍᵴ߆ߒߚ․⦡޽ࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߣߊߦ‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱߩਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹ߩታⴕࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߅
ࠃ߮ᢎ⢒ℂᔨߣᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߩኻᔕ㑐ଥ߿૕♽ᕈߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬ฦᄢቇߩ࿕᦭ᕈࠍ
តߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇߩ੐଀ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ㅴൻߔࠆࠦࠕࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ‫ߦࡑ࡯࠹ࠍޠ‬ឝߍߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧߣߘߩ․⾰ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ᢥ♽⑼⋡ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡߚႎ๔߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
㧔቟⮮⺰ᢥ 4.1㧕‫ޕ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ 4 ߟߩၮᧄℂᔨߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޔޠ␹♖ࠕࠖ࠹ࡦࡠࡈޟ‬࿖㓙ᕈߩᶩ㙃‫ੱోޟޔޠ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޟޔޠ‬ታቇߩ㊀ⷞ‫ోޟߦ߆޿߇ޠ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ౕߣ߳ޠ‬૕ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
߆‫ߥ࡞ࡊࡦࠪޟޔ‬᭴ㅧ‫ࠍޠ‬ᜬߟߣߐࠇࠆ‫ౕ߇ޠࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠕࠦޟ‬૕⊛ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⑼⋡᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆╬߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩ੐଀⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩ‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޠ‬ᄢ᏷ߥᡷ⸓ࠍ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬⃻࿷ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᡷ㕟᩺ߩᬌ⸛ߦߟ޿ߡࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩᣂࠞ
࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ᭴ᗐߩ᭎ⷐߣ‫ޔ⾰․ߩߘޔ‬ታᣉ૕೙ߩᢛ஻⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫߹ࠇߎޕ‬ߢᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩቇ↢ߦਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߔࠆᣂߒ
޿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇‫ⷰߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ὐ߆ࠄ⸳⸘ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ታᣉߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ૕೙ߩᢛ

஻߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬℄⃿ᄢቇߩ੐଀⺞ᩏߢߪ‫౒ޟޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩޠ‬᭴ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩታᣉ૕೙ߦߟ޿
ߡ‫⸰ޔ‬໧⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥᵴേ߽ߐࠆߎߣߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚᄢቇࠍᔒะߒߡ޿ࠆ
℄⃿ᄢቇߪ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔࠄ߆✲⚻ߩ┙⸳ߩߘޔ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞╬ᢎ⢒㧔ߣߊߦࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ
┙ᄢቇ㧕ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔ታ↪⊛ߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㧕ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫⌀ޟޔ‬㧔⌀ℂߩតⓥ㧕‫౏ޟޔޠ‬㧔࿾ၞ␠ળ‫ߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬࿖㓙␠ળ߳ߩ⽸₂㧕‫ޟޔޠ‬๺㧔ᐔ๺ࠍ⋡ᜰߔੱ㑆㑐ଥߩ⏕┙‫ੱޔ‬㘃ߣ⥄ὼ⇇ߣߩ⺞๺౒ሽ㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ᄢቇߩℂᔨߣߒ‫ߦࠄࠇߘޔ‬ኻᔕߒߚ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ᧄޕ‬ᩏߢߪ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ℂᔨ߇‫ࠠ࡝ࠞߡߒߦ߆޿ޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓ᭴ᚑߦౕ૕ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫౒ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆ⚵❱⊛ߥ⽿છ૕೙ࠍᜂ଻ߔ
ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ቇౝភ⟎߇ߣࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ࠞࠆ޽⦡․ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⊒ዷ⊛ߥㆇ↪ߩߚ߼ߦ‫⃻ޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢߪ૗߇⺖㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫ޕ‬߽ߣࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢขࠅ਄ߍߚ࿖ౝᄖߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ੐଀߿‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤߩ▸࿐ߪ߈ࠊ߼ߡ㒢ቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆߎߣߦߪ߅ߩߕߣ㒢⇇߇޽ࠅ‫ࡠࡊᧄߪࠇߘߚ߹ޔ‬ࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ߼ߑߔߣߎࠈߢߪߥ޿‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ฦᄢቇ߇ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ༡߻ߥ߆‫ߥ߆޿ޔ‬ࠆේೣߦߘߊߒߡࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ታᣉߦ㓙ߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㓚ოࠍਸ਼ࠅ⿧߃ദജࠍ㊀ߨߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᯏ㑐ߩᨒࠍ⿥߃ߚ౒ㅢߩ໧㗴ὐ߿⺖㗴߇⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޕ‬ዉ߆ࠇࠆ੹ᓟߩࡆ࡚ࠫࡦߪ㆙ᄢߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦขࠅ⚵ߺ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ␜ໂߪᄙᄢߢ޽ࠆߣାߓࠆ‫ޕ‬

-4-㧞㧚ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ

2.1 ฬฎደᄢቇోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄌㆫߦ߅ߌࠆ⺖㗴ߣ⺰ὐ㠽ዬ᦮ሶ ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁ࠍᛠីߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ
↢ߦឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡߘߩ․⾰ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢ޿߁ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߣኻ┙ߒ᣿⏕ߦಽᢿߐࠇߚ⁁ᘒߩ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ੱߊࠈ߭ޔ‬㑆ᒻᚑߦ⾗ߔࠆ⑼⋡߿ኾ㐷ߩၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߦࠊߚߞߚቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢎ⢒ᯏળࠍᗧ๧ߒ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒߳ߩ᦭ᯏ⊛ߥᯅᷰߒࠍᨐߚߔ߽ߩࠍᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦ࿕᦭ߥ๭⒓ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕߩᢎ㙃ㇱߩ‫⸃ޟ‬૕‫ޠ‬ߣߣ߽ߦ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬඙ಽ߇ᑄᱛߐࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒‫ߩޠ‬ฬ⒓߇↪޿ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬
2001 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊒⿷ᓟߪ‫ోޟ‬ቇᢎ⢒‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ฬ⒓߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ోቇᢎ⢒ߣߪ‫ޔ‬‫⁛ޟ‬ഃ⊛ߢ⥄┙ߒߚ⼾߆ߥ୘ᕈࠍ஻߃ߚ⍮⼂ੱࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬߰ߐࠊߒ޿ၮ␆ᢎ⢒෸߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍోቇ⊛ߥ⽿છ૕೙ߢታᣉߔࠆᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬1ߢ޽ࠆߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⿰ߩߘޕ‬ᣦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߢ޽ࠆቇ↢ߩᄢቇ྾ᐕ㑆ߢߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ో૕ࠍ⽾ߊ᭎ᔨߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬
㧔1994 ᐕ 4 ᦬ࠃࠅታᣉ‫ޕ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ߘߩ⋡⊛ߦᓥߞߚ୘ᕈ⊛ߥᢎ⢒ࠍ♽⛔⊛ߦታᣉߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬྾ᐕ㑆ߦਗ਼ߞߡ৻⽾ߒߡ✬ᚑߔࠆᢎ⢒‫ޕ‬කቇㇱකቇ⑼ߪ౐ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧕ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦౝ൮ߐࠇ‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏળࠍឭଏߔࠆᢎຬߩ┙႐߆ࠄߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ㇱዪ߿ቇ໧㗔ၞࠍ⿥߃ߡ‫ోޔ‬ᢎຬ߇ቇ↢ߣะ߈ว߁ᣂߒ޿૕೙ࠍ᭴▽ߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁⚵❱⊛ߥᗧᕁ⴫᣿ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚోቇᢎ⢒ߩ⿰ᣦࠍታ⃻ߔߴߊࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯㧔ม઎Ⴁ㧕ߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍᜂߞ
ߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪ‫⛔ޔ‬᜝ㇱߩߥ߆ߦฦኾ㐷ᆔຬળߣቇ໧㗔ၞߏߣߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ 5 ㇱ㐷㧔ੱᢥቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼ቇ㧕ࠍ᦭ߒ‫ߐޔ‬ࠄߦㇱ㐷ߩਅߦ⑼⋡೎ㇱળ㧔ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ޔ‬⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼ቇ㧕߇‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩਅߦ‛ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‫‛↢ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿⑼ቇߩዊㇱળߣ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼ቇㇱળߩਅߦᢙℂ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ
࡯࠷⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩዊㇱળ߇⚵❱ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ2‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ߡߓ✚ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⛔᜝ߦࠃࠆోቇ಴௛૕೙ߩᣂⷙᕈ߿ߘߩᒝൻߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇߚᚑᨐߦὶὐൻߒߚᬌ⸛߇
ߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ3‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᆔຬળᣇᑼߦᲧߒߡ቟ቯ⊛ߥታᣉ૕೙ࠍᔒะߔࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⚵❱⊛ᗧ⟵ߩᒝൻ߽ߐࠆߎߣߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߪ޿߆ߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆ߆߇ਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ4‫ᧄޔߢߎߘޕ‬Ⓜߢߪߎࠇ߹ߢߩᚑᨐߦ┙⣉ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⊛ߥ૞ᬺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ߦ౏ೀߐࠇߚฬฎደᄢቇߩోቇᢎ⢒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆႎ๔ᦠ߿⾗ᢱ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ
࡯ࠫ╬ߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎࠍᚻ߇߆ࠅߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄌㆫߦ߅
ߌࠆ․ᓽࠍ߰߹߃‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴߿ᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈⺰ὐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ㆊ෰ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏੐㍳ߩ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛߿‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥ⺞ᩏߪᚻ߇ߌߡ޿ߥ޿ߎ
ߣ߆ࠄ‫ߊߏޔ‬㒢ࠄࠇߚಽᨆኻ⽎ߦ߅ߌࠆ⠨ኤߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ੍߼ᢿߞߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬⠨ኤߩ㓙ߦߣߊߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆὐߪ‫✚ޔ‬ว⎇ⓥᄢቇߣߒߡߩฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ቇ↢ߩ-7-ቇ⠌ߣ޿߁஥㕙߆ࠄߺߚోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᨵエᕈ
㧔flexibility㧕ߣ৻⽾ᕈ㧔coherence㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ㇱ⊒⿷߆ࠄᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩഃ⸳ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄌㆫ
߿⚻✲ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦౣឝߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㕍ጊ⺰ᢥ‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆᱧผ⊛⠨ኤ‫ޠ‬㧔ೋ಴ߪ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇᢥᦠ⾗ᢱቶ♿ⷐ‫ ╙ޢ‬13 ภ‫ޔ‬
2005 ᐕ㧕߿‫ޔ‬ự↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼߅ࠃ߮◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⸥㍳ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄዉ౉ߐࠇߚᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․⾰ߦߟ޿ߡߪචಽߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿
ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪߎߩὐࠍ⵬޿ߟߟోቇᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߣߔ
ࠆ‫ోޔߢ߃߁ߩߘޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷༀࠍㅢߓߡᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ߩ
⚵❱⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߩ᛽಴ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᾀώᴾӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỆấẬỦμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋỉؕஜႸ೅ ߭ߣ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߇⚵❱ߣߒߡឭ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆోቇᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⋡ᮡ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ᭎ⷰߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬౨㗡ߩ‫ోޟ‬ቇᢎ⢒‫ߩޠ‬ᗧ๧ౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩᒁ↪ߦ߽޽ߞߚࠃ
߁ߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩ਄૏ߦߪฬฎደᄢቇቇⴚᙗ┨㧔એਅቇⴚᙗ┨ߣ⇛⸥㧕߇૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇⴚᙗ┨ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ߣ␠ળߣ⥄ὼߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ߩޘੱޔ‬ᐘ⑔
ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߎߣࠍ‫૶ߩߘޔ‬๮ߣߔࠆ‫ੱޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬㑆ᕈߣ⑼ቇߩ⺞๺⊛⊒ዷࠍ⋡ᜰߒ‫ੱޔ‬
ᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇࠍߣ߽ߦⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚ㜞ᐲߥ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ࠍታ〣ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ߣޠ‬ት⸒
ߒ‫ᧄޔ‬ቇߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫⊒⥄ޔ‬ᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᢎ⢒ታ〣ߦࠃߞߡ‫⺰ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᕁ⠨⢻ജߣᗐ௝ജߦን
ࠎߛാ᳇޽ࠆ⍮⼂ੱࠍ⢒ߡࠆ㧔ቇⴚᙗ┨ 1㧙㧔2㧕㧕‫ޠޕ‬ߎߩቇⴚᙗ┨ߢឝߍࠄࠇߚၮᧄ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪၮ␆ᢎ⢒߅ࠃ߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߆ࠄቇㇱኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦࠊߚࠆ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒૕೙ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒߅ࠃ߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈߣታᣉߩਔ㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩㇱዪ߿ᢎຬ㓸࿅ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇో૕ߣߒߡ⽿છࠍ⽶߁ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢᜂࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆὐ߇ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒ߩ․⦡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ోቇᢎ⢒ߩౕ૕⊛ߥ 4 ߟߩၮᧄ⋡ᮡߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ✚ว⊛ߥ್ᢿജࠍၭ߁ԙ ቇ↢ߩਥ૕ᕈߣ‫ޔ‬ቇ߱ᗧ᰼ࠍ⢒߻Ԛ ࿖㓙ൻߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆ⢻ജࠍ㙃߁ԛ ቇㇱ㑆ߦ౒ㅢߩၮ␆ߣߥࠆၮ␆⊛ቇജࠍၭ߁
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩ⋡ᮡߪ‫✚ޔ‬วᄢቇߢ޽ࠆฬฎደᄢቇߩ 9 ߟߩቇㇱ㧔ᢥ࡮⚻ᷣ࡮
ᴺ࡮ᢎ⢒࡮ᖱႎᢥൻ࡮ℂ࡮Ꮏ࡮ක࡮ㄘ㧕ߩߔߴߡࠍⷒ߁ߴߊ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩቇ໧㗔ၞߦ஍ࠄߥ
޿ᐢ޿ᄖᑧࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞߩኾ㐷⊛ᷓൻࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߿ᕁ⠨ᣇᴺ‫ޔ‬ᘒᐲߩ₪ᓧߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߚ⋡ᮡߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬-8-ߎߩߎߣߪหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬4 ߟߩၮᧄ⋡ᮡ߆ࠄฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ቇ⠌਄ߩ⁛⥄ᕈ߿⚵❱ߩ࿕᦭ᕈࠍ⷗಴ߔߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫⃻ޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬࿷ߩၮᧄ⋡ᮡߩਅߢߩ᝼
ᬺ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ߿᝼ᬺㆇ༡ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ᗧ᰼ࠍଦߒേᯏઃߌࠍᚑഞߦዉߊ
߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⋡ᮡࠃࠅਅ૏ߦ૏⟎ߠߊ⑼⋡߿᝼ᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯߩ᣿⏕ൻ߅ࠃౕ߮૕
ൻ߇㎛ࠍីࠆ᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ᾁώᴾ μ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛỉ௒ኵ
ߎ߁ߒߚ․ᓽࠍᜬߟၮᧄ⋡ᮡߩਅ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅޿ߡోቇᢎ⢒ߩᨒ⚵ߺߢឭଏߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ⑼⋡߇᦭ߔࠆਥߥ․⦡ߣߒߡએਅߩ 6 ὐ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ5‫ޕ‬࡮ᄢቇᢎ⢒߳ߩዉ౉ᢎ⢒ߣ⥄┙ቇ⠌ᡰេࠍ⋡ᮡߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ቇ↢㧠න૏‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ቇ↢ 2 න૏ߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ਥߦ౉ቇೋᐕᰴߦ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇߩၮᧄ⊛ಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬㧞ᐕᰴએ㒠ߦᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍ㈩⟎ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆߆ࠄᔕ↪߳ߩ♽⛔⊛ቇ⠌ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ࠍ⿥߃ߚ᏷ᐢ޿ቇ໧⊛⚛㙃ࠍ㙃߁ߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡౒ߦ‫ޔ‬
ᢥℂߩⷉ㧔ߚߔ߈㧕߇ߌᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬࡮⼾߆ߥੱ㑆ᕈߩᶩ㙃ࠍ⋡ᮡߦ‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ‫୶ޔⴚ⧓ޔ‬ℂ╬‫⊛࠷࡯ࠕ࡞࡜ࡌ࡝ޔ‬ᕈᩰߩ㗼⪺ߥ
⑼⋡ࠍోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦᜰቯߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥℂߩቇ↢ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆᢎ㙃ࠍ㙃߁‫ޕ‬࡮⎇ⓥ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ㆇ↪⢻ജࠍ㙃ᚑߒ‫⇣ޔ‬ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍㅢߓߚ࿖㓙ᗵⷡࠍᶩ㙃ߔࠆ㧔⸒⺆ᢥൻ㧕࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷߿↢ᶦஜᐽ଻ోߦᔅⷐߥ⍮⼂࡮ᛛ⢻ࠍ㙃߁㧔ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ㧕
 6 ߟߩ․⦡ߦߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ᜚ὐᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ὐᄢቇࠍᮡ᭙ߔࠆฬฎደᄢቇ6߇ోቇᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡᗧ࿑ߔࠆ㆐ᚑ⋡ᮡ߇ࠃߊᛩᓇߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒߳
ߩ⒖ⴕ߿⎇ⓥ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ᦭ലߥ⍮⼂࡮ࠬࠠ࡞࡮ᘒᐲߩᒻᚑߣ‫ੱߥ߆⼾ޔ‬㑆ᕈߩᶩ㙃ߣ޿ߞߚ㧞ߟߩ⋡ᮡߩဋⴧ߇⠨ᘦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᾂώᴾ μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸỆấẬỦᅹႸғЎểẸỉϋܾએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥℂᔨ߿․⦡ࠍ஻߃ߚోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊၮ␆⑼⋡ߣᢎ㙃⑼⋡߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥ඙ಽߣߘߩౝኈߪ⴫㧝ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫ 1 ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞⴕ⃻ޔ‬᭴ᚑߔࠆ⑼⋡ߩౝኈߪᔅߕߒ߽ߔߴߡ߇ฦ⑼⋡ߩቇ⠌⋡ᮡࠍ᣿␜ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬᭎ⷰߔࠇ߫એਅߩߎߣ߇ࠄ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡߇⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽ߩቇ໧㗔ၞߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߚࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯
ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦᲧߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ߩಽ㊁߇߭ߣ߹ߣ߼ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ਥ㗴ߏߣߦ᧤ߨࠄࠇߚ⑼⋡߿‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߩᣢሽߩቇ໧૕♽ࠍᮮᢿߒߡ᭴ᚑߐ
ࠇࠆቇ㓙⊛⑼⋡ߪ⑼⋡඙ಽߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ోޔߛߚޕ‬ቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪኻ⽎ࠍℂ♽࡮ᢥ♽ߦ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛㗔ၞࠍ฽߻ࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߢ޽ࠆߣߺ

-9-ߥߖࠆ‫⿰ߩߘޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣦߪ᣿⏕ߦ⻭ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ౝኈߪ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿
ߥ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᭎ߨੱ㑆ᕈߩᶩ㙃ߣ್ᢿജߩ⢒ᚑߦᾖḰ߇޽ߡࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ᐢ޿ቇ໧㗔ၞߦࠊߚࠆ⍮⼂ߩୃᓧߦߟ޿ߡߪ⸅ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߦ⺖ߖࠄࠇߚ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙኾ㐷⊛ቇ⠌ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ԙ⇣ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬Ԛ࿖㓙␠ળߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᢎ㙃ࠍ⢒߻⑼⋡‫ߣޔ‬ᄙጘߦࠊߚߞ
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ᘙᾀ: μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉᅹႸನ঺ᅹႸғЎోቇၮ␆⑼⋡

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㐿᡼⑼⋡ϋܾೋᐕᰴ↢ࠍᄢቇᢎ⢒߳ዉ౉ߒ‫ߚߒ┙⥄ޔ‬ቇ⠌⢻ജࠍりߦߟߌࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢥ࡮
ℂߦ౒ㅢߒߚၮ␆⊛ቇജ߿ᛛ⢻ࠍ㙃߁⑼⋡ᄙ㕙⊛ߥ⍮⊛࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ߈ᦠޔߺ⺒ߩߡߒߣࠢ࠶ࠪ࡯ࡌࡦࡕࠦޔ‬⹤ߔ⢻ജߩ߆ࠎ㙃ࠍ࿑ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫⌀ޔ‬ℂតⓥߩᣇᴺߣ㕙⊕ߐࠍቇ߱⑼⋡ኾ㐷⊛ቇ⠌ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼‫⇣ޔ‬ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙␠ળߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᢎ㙃ࠍ⢒߻⑼⋡ஜᐽߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥄Ꮖ▤ℂ⢻ജ‫↢ޔ‬ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷ߩၮ␆ߣߥࠆᛛ⢻ߩ⠌ᓧ‫࡯ࡐࠬޔ‬࠷ࠍㅢߒߚࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജ߿࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ⢒߻⑼⋡ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩቇ໧૕♽ࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫⥄ޔ‬ਥ⊛್ᢿ⢻ജࠍၭ߁⑼⋡⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩቇ໧૕♽ࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫⥄ޔ‬ਥ⊛್ᢿ⢻ജࠍၭ߁⑼⋡ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩ⻉⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ⽎⃻⻉ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛ߦಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ᛠីߔࠆ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩઁޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߔࠆ⑼⋡⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩ⻉⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ⽎⃻⻉ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛ߦಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ᛠីߔࠆ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩઁޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߔࠆ⑼⋡ᢥ࡮ℂߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߩᅤ૗ࠍ໧ࠊߕ‫ੱߥ߆⼾ޔ‬㑆ᕈࠍ⢒ߺ‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛್ᢿ⢻ജࠍ߆ࠎ㙃ߔࠆ⑼⋡ቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߢᄙ᭽ߥቇ⠌ᗧ᰼ߦᔕ߃ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ╬߇㐿⻠ߔࠆኾ㐷♽᝼ᬺ
⑼⋡ߩ߁ߜ‫ઁޔ‬ቇㇱߩቇ↢ߩฃ⻠߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫᦭ޔߟ߆ޔ‬ᗧ⟵ߢ޽ࠆߣ⹺߼
ߡోቇߦ㐿᡼ߔࠆ⑼⋡ౖ᜚㧦ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_2/index.html

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߩ 3 ߟߩቇ໧㗔ၞߦࠃࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇ
ߡ޿ߚᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣᲧߒߡ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑߢߪ‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߦቇ໧㗔ၞߦߘߊߒߚၮ␆⍮⼂ߩୃᓧ߇ᓟ᥊ߦㅌ߈‫ੱ߫߃޿ߣ߆ࠄߜߤޔ‬㑆ᕈߩᶩ㙃߿ᘒᐲߩ⢒ᚑ߇㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߡߴߔޔߚ߹ޕ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦㅢᐩߔࠆ
ࠃ߁ߥቇ⠌ౝኈߣߒߡߩ୶ℂ߿㊂⊛ಽᨆ‫ޔ‬⛔⸘╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᔅୃ⑼⋡ߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬
ᢥ┨૞ᚑ╬ߩౕ૕⊛ߥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ⑼⋡߽ሽ࿷ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ㜞ᩞ߆ࠄᄢቇ߳ߩࠬࡓ࡯ࠬߥ⒖ⴕࠍᦼߒߚ޿ࠊࠁࠆࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡߽᣿⏕ߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇ
ߡ޿ߥ޿‫․ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᓽߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒㊀ὐᄢቇࠍߪߓ߼‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇ߿࿖ౝߩ
ห௥ᯏ㑐ߦ߅޿ߡೋᐕᰴ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚฦ⒳ߩ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯߿ቇ⠌ᣇᴺߩ⠌ᓧࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ࠮
ࡒ࠽࡯߿ዉ౉⑼⋡╬߇ᱜ⺖ߣߒߡ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦᾖࠄߖ߫‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪೋᐕᰴ↢ߦኻߔࠆ⚵❱⊛ߥᢎ⢒૕೙߇߿߿ᚻ⭯ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪุ߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬߻ߒࠈ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᄢቇߢߩቇ⠌߳ߩേᯏઃߌ߿ၮᧄ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯ߩ₪ᓧߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽
࡯ߩ৻⑼⋡ߦ߶߷ᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ7‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪᢥ⑼♽ቇㇱߩቇ↢ߪ

- 10 -

ㅢᐕ 4 න૏ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇㇱ㧔කቇㇱකቇ⑼ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߩቇ↢ߪඨᦼ 2 න૏ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌૕㛎ߩ৻⽾ᕈ߇ᒙ޿ߎߣߪุቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔߟ߆߅ߥޕ‬೨ᦼ⚂ 200ࠢ࡜ࠬ‫ޔ‬ᓟᦼ⚂ 80 ࠢ࡜ࠬ߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߦ⌕⋡ߔࠇ߫‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥ᝼ᬺౝኈߩ᳿ቯߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ᜂᒰᢎຬߩⵙ㊂ߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ขࠅᛒ߁ਥ㗴߿⋡ᮡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᕈߩᐲว޿ߦ߆ߥࠅߩ߫ࠄߟ߈߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ8‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߦ⸤ߐࠇߚ 3 ߟߩ⋡ᮡ߇‫⋡⑼ߩⴕ⃻ߡߒߚߪޔ‬ౝኈ‫ޔ‬ቇୃᦼ㑆╬ߢචಽߦ㆐ᚑน⢻ߥߩ߆ߪᬌ⸛ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠈ߁9‫ޕ‬ᾃώӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸỉ‫ޗ‬ഭὼɟᑍ૙ᏋᅹႸỉࡑഥˌࢸὼ
ߎ߁ߒߚ⃻ⴕߩోቇᢎ⢒߇ߪࠄࠎߢ޿ࠆ․⾰߇૗ߦ↱᧪ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ໧߁ߚ߼ߦ‫⥸৻ޟߢߎߎޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬ᑄᱛᓟߩ⑼⋡ᄌㆫࠍ᭎ⷰߔࠆߎߣ߇᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬1991 ᐕߩᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩ‫ޟ‬ᄢ✁ൻ‫ࠍޠ‬ᄾᯏߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ඙ಽ߇ᑄߐࠇߚ 1994 ᐕએ㒠‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪਅ࿑ߩࠃ߁ߦ 2 ࿁ߩᄢ߈ߥᡷ⸓ࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ ׋‬1:ӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỉẐμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸẑỉ‫ޗ‬ഭ಴ౖ㧦ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_2/index.html
ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ਛ೉ߩ‫ޟ‬ၮ␆ਥ㗴⑼⋡‫ޟߪޠ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࠅ⺋ߩޠ‬ ߎߩ⑼⋡ߩᄌㆫࠍ␜ߔ࿑ࠃࠅᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡߊࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬߆ߟߡߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߥቇ໧૕♽ߩᐢ޿ቇ⠌ࠍㅢߓߡࠁߚ߆ߥᢎ㙃ߣᐢ޿⼂⷗ࠍ஻߃ߚੱ᧚ࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁⿰ᣦ߇‫⛮ߦ⋡⑼ߩߤޔ‬ᛚߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚߩ߆㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ⛮ᛚߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆㧕ߣ޿߁໧޿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1994 ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 6 ᐕ㧕߆ࠄߩోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮
⥄ὼߩቇ໧㗔ၞࠍ᣿␜ߒߚ⑼⋡ฬ⒓ߪᶖᄬߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬రߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪ‫ޟޔ‬ኾ㐷♽⑼⋡‫ޠ‬- 11 -

ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧭ߥࠄ߮ߦ‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧮‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮✚ว⑼⋡ߦౣ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߡ޿ࠆ੐ታߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߥ߇ࠄ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ߚ⑼⋡⟲ߩ޿߆ߥࠆⷐ⚛߇୘‫ߩޘ‬ᣂ⑼⋡ߦ⛮ᛚߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡචಽߦ⺑᣿ߒߚ⾗ᢱߪ▤⷗ߩ㒢ࠅߥ޿‫ߡߞࠊ߆ޕ‬㗼⪺ߥߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ 3 ߟߩ㗔ၞ‫ޟ‬਎⇇ߣᣣᧄ‫⑼ޟޔޠ‬ቇߣᖱႎ‫↢ޟޔޠ‬ᶦஜᐽߣࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫ߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬ቇ㓙㗔ၞ⊛⑼⋡ߩ⊓႐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ⠌⠪ߢ޽ࠆቇ↢ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߺࠇ߫‫⋡⑼ޔ‬ฬ⒓߆ࠄኻ⽎߇ࠃࠅౕ૕⊛ߦᛠីߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߚߣߺࠄࠇࠆ෻㕙‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞ߇⢛᥊ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ
ߩ߆߇ࠊ߆ࠅߠࠄ޿᭴ᚑߦߥߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲ㧕߆ࠄߩᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣥ⑼⋡߆ࠄᣂ⑼⋡߳ߩಽᢔൻߣౣ᭴ᚑ߇ࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߦታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⴫ߩ⋡⑼ޕ‬㕙⊛ߥᄌൻߛߌߦ⌕⋡ߔࠇ߫‫߆ޔ‬ߟߡߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩᵹࠇߩߥ߆
ߢ⑼⋡⟲ߩ߹ߣ߹ࠅ߇ࠃࠅ⚦ಽൻߐࠇࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߘޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬⚦ಽൻߩേ߈߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᩮ᜚ߦၮߠ޿ߡ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ᣿⏕ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
 9 ߟߩቇㇱ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⎇ⓥ✚วᄢቇߢ޽ࠆฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ㓙‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߢߩኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ࠍᡰ߃߁ࠆ౒ㅢߩၮ⋚ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇ㅊⓥߐࠇࠆߎߣߪᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޕ‬ኾ㐷ߩ࿯บߣߥࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇✚૕ߣߒߡ‫ߡߴߔޔ‬ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ቇ↢ߦ૗ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ✚ว⊛ߦᬌ⸽ߔࠆⷞὐߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᾄώ੉ಅᅹႸғЎắểỉ‫̲ؕޗ‬แἣἑὊὅ
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⑼⋡ߩౝኈߣ᭴ᚑߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߡዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍߣࠄ߃ࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ߩጁୃⷐઙ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
ߩ߆ߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆߎߣߦᗧ⟵߇޽ࠈ߁‫ ⴫ޕ‬2 ߅ࠃ߮࿑ 2 ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡඙ಽߏߣߩጁୃၮḰࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߣ‫ޔ‬9 ቇㇱߩోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃⷐઙߣතᬺන૏ߦ߅ߌࠆᔅⷐ
න૏ᢙࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬9 ቇㇱߩోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߦ߆߆ࠆතᬺන૏ᢙࠍᮮᢿ⊛ߦߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᔅୃන૏㧔ᢙ㧕ߣߒߡ౒ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ 2 න૏ಽ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߩ 10 න૏ಽ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ࡮
ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ⑼⋡ߩ 2 න૏ಽߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦ⋡⑼ߩઁߩߘޔ‬㑐ߒߡߪᄙ᭽ߥጁୃⷐઙߣߥߞߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬තᬺߦⷐߔࠆන૏ᢙߦභ߼ࠆోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩන૏ᢙߩᲧ㊀ߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫ᦨޔ‬ዊߩ
26.6㧑㧔කቇㇱකቇ⑼߅ࠃ߮଻ஜቇ⑼㧕ߣᦨᄢߩ 41.5㧑㧔Ꮏቇㇱൻቇ࡮↢‛Ꮏቇ⑼㧕ߩ߭ࠄ߈ߪ 14.9 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᐔဋ୯ߪ 36.0㧑㧕
‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ጁୃᐕᰴߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߺࠇ
߫‫৻ޔ‬ᐕᰴߦᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩߺߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ోޔࠄ߆ߣߎߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᕈ‫ߪޠ‬ታᘒߣߒߡ⭯޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒‫ᧄߩޠ‬ᣦߪ‫ޟ‬ቇㇱ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ‬ฦቇㇱߩᢎ⢒⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߡోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃⷐઙ㧔තᬺߦⷐߔࠆන૏ᢙ㧕߿ጁୃᐕᰴ╬߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ10‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩ♽⛔ᕈࠍ᳿ቯઃߌࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߢߪߥߊቇㇱߩᢎ⢒ᣇ㊎ߦⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 12 -

ᘙ2Ჴμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋᅹႸƴƔƔǔҡಅҥˮૠɟᚁᘙ
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㪊㪍 㪈㪋
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- 13 -

㶎㽲⸒⺆ᢥൻ䇸⧷⺆એᄖ䈱ᄖ࿖⺆䇹䈲䇮ᰴ䈱⸒⺆䈱䈉䈤㪈䈧䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㩷㩷㩷䊄䉟䉿⺆䇮䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆䇮䊨䉲䉝⺆䇮ਛ࿖⺆䇮䉴䊕䉟䊮⺆䇮ᦺ㞲䊶㖧࿖⺆㶎㽳䇸⧷⺆䇹㪏න૏એ਄෸䈶䇸⧷⺆એᄖ䈱ᄖ࿖⺆䇹㪈㪇න૏એ਄䉕฽䉃ว⸘㪈㪏䌾㪉㪇න૏ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㩷㩷ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢䈲䇸ᣣᧄ⺆䇹㪈㪇න૏એ਄෸䈶䇸䈠䈱ઁ䈱ᄖ࿖⺆䋨⧷⺆䉕฽䉃䋩䇹㪏න૏એ਄䉕฽䉃ว⸘㪈㪏䌾㪉㪇න૏ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽴㪈㪍䌾㪈㪏න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯䉁䈢䇮㽳෸䈶㽴䈎䉌㪊㪍න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽵䇸ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᣣᧄ࿖ᙗᴺ䇮ᴺቇ䇮᡽ᴦቇ䈲තᬺන૏䈫䈚䈩⹺ቯ䈚䈭䈇䈱䈪ᵈᗧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽶㪈㪇㪇න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽷䇸⧷⺆䇹㪏න૏એ਄෸䈶䇸⧷⺆એᄖ䈱ᄖ࿖⺆䇹㪈㪇න૏એ਄䉕฽䉃ว⸘㪈㪏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㩷㩷ᄖ࿖ੱ⇐ቇ↢䈲䇸ᣣᧄ⺆䇹㪈㪇න૏એ਄෸䈶䇸䈠䈱ઁ䈱ᄖ࿖⺆䋨⧷⺆䉕฽䉃䋩䇹㪏න૏એ਄䉕฽䉃ว⸘㪈㪏න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯
㶎㽸䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᢙቇ౉㐷䇮ᓸಽⓍಽቇ㸇䊶㸈䇮✢ᒻઍᢙቇ㸇䊶㸈䈎䉌㪉න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯
㶎㽹䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᓸಽⓍಽቇ㸇䊶㸈䇮✢ᒻઍᢙቇ㸇䊶㸈෸䈶ⶄ⚛㑐ᢙ⺰䈎䉌ว⸘㪍න૏એ਄䉕㩷㩷ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯䉁䈢‛ℂቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮‛ℂቇታ㛎䇮ൻቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮ൻቇታ㛎䇮↢‛ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮↢‛ቇታ㛎䇮䇭࿾⃿⑼ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮࿾⃿⑼ቇታ㛎䈱䈉䈤䈎䉌ฦ⑼⋡䈱䇸ၮ␆㸇䇹䇮䇸ၮ␆㸈䇹෸䈶䇸ታ㛎䇹䈱㪊⑼⋡䉕㪈⚵䈫䈚䈩䇮㪉⚵㪍⑼⋡䇮䇭ว⸘㪈㪈න૏એ਄䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯
㶎㽺䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱ጁୃ䈲ⷙቯ⑼⋡䉋䉍ᜰቯන૏ᢙએ਄䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽻䇸ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䇸ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹䇸ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹෸䈶䇸ోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹䈱ᦨૐୃᓧන૏ᢙ䉕฽䉄ว⸘㪈㪉න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㩷㩷ૉ䈚䇮䇸㐿᡼⑼⋡䇹䈪⹺䉄䉌䉏䉎තᬺⷐઙන૏ᢙ䈲㪉න૏䉁䈪䈫䈜䉎䇯
㶎㽼䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᓸಽⓍಽቇ㸇䊶㸈䇮✢ᒻઍᢙቇ㸇䊶㸈䈎䉌䋲න૏એ਄䇮‛ℂቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䈎䉌㪉න૏એ਄䇮ൻቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇭䈎䉌㪉න૏એ਄䇮↢‛ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䉕ฦ㪉න૏䇮‛ℂቇታ㛎෸䈶ൻቇታ㛎䈎䉌㪈㪅㪌න૏એ਄䉕฽䉄䇮ว⸘㪈㪎න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽽䇸ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䇮䇸ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹෸䈶䇸ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹䈎䉌㪍න૏䉕฽䉄ว⸘㪏න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㩷㩷ૉ䈚䈖䈱ਛ䈮䇸ోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹෸䈶䇸㐿᡼⑼⋡䇹䉕ว⸘㪉න૏એ਄䉕㒢ᐲ䈮฽䉃䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯
㶎㽾䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᢙቇㅢ⺰㸇䊶㸈䇮‛ℂቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮ൻቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮↢‛ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈෸䈶↢‛ቇታ㛎䈎䉌䇭䋹න૏એ਄䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯㶎㽿ฦ⑼⋡඙ಽ䈱ᦨૐୃᓧන૏ᢙ䉕฽䉄䇮䇸ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤䈎䉌ⷙቯන૏ᢙએ਄䉕ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯
㶎㾀䇸ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡䇹䈱䈉䈤ᓸಽⓍಽቇ㸇䊶㸈䇮✢ᒻઍᢙቇ㸇䊶㸈‛ℂቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮‛ℂቇታ㛎䇮ൻቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮ൻቇታ㛎䇮䇭↢‛ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮↢‛ቇታ㛎䇮࿾⃿⑼ቇၮ␆㸇䊶㸈䇮࿾⃿⑼ቇታ㛎䈎䉌ว⸘㪈㪏න૏એ਄ୃᓧ䈜䉎䈖䈫䇯ౖ᜚䋺ฬฎደᄢቇ䋨㪉㪇㪇㪌䋩䇺ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ጁୃ䈱ᚻᒁ䇻䋬㪈㪇㪄㪌㪇㗁䉕ෳᾖ䈚૞ᚑ䇯

ᢙℂቇ⑼

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㶎㽺

㪋

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㪊㪊㪅㪏

㪈㪎
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ൻቇ䊶↢‛
Ꮏቇ⑼

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㶎㽽

㶎㽻
㶎㽼
㶎㽻

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㪐

‛ℂᎿቇ⑼

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㔚᳇㔚ሶ䊶 ᯏ᪾䊶⥶ⓨᖱႎᎿቇ⑼ Ꮏቇ⑼

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␠ળⅣႺ
Ꮏቇ⑼

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ㄘቇㇱ
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㪉㪇
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㶎㾀
㪈㪐㪅㪌 㶎㽺 㪉㪊 㶎㽺 㪉㪊 㶎㽺 㪉㪊㪅㪌 㶎㽺 㪈㪐㪅㪌 㶎㽺 㪈㪏
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㶎㽿 㪌㪊
㶎㽿 㪌㪌
㶎㽿 㪌㪊㪅㪌 㶎㽿 㪌㪈
㶎㽿
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㪉㪈䌾㪊㪈 㪉㪌㪅㪌䌾㪊㪍㪅㪌 㪉㪐㪅㪌䌾㪊㪌㪅㪌 㪊㪎䌾㪋㪋 㪊㪎䌾㪋㪇 㪊㪈㪅㪌䌾㪊㪉
㪈㪋
㪎㪇䌾㪍㪇
㪊㪋
㪊㪋㪅㪌䌾㪋㪊 㪊㪏䌾㪋㪋 㪊㪈䌾㪊㪐 㪊㪌䌾㪊㪏 㪋㪉䌾㪋㪉㪅㪌
㪇
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㪌䌾㪐
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㪌䌾㪍
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㪎㪌䌾㪎㪎㪅㪌
㪎㪎
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㪈㪉㪋
㪈㪊㪇
㪈㪉㪐䌾㪈㪊㪈㪅㪌
㪈㪊㪇
㪈㪊㪍
㪈㪊㪊㪅㪌
㪈㪊㪊
㪉㪍㪅㪍
㪊㪏㪅㪌
㪋㪈㪅㪌
㪋㪇㪅㪏
㪋㪇㪅㪋
㪋㪇㪅㪈
㪊㪏㪅㪊
㶎㽾

‫ ׋‬2: ੉ಅᅹႸғЎắểỉ‫̲ؕޗ‬แἣἑὊὅίኺฎ‫ܖ‬ᢿấợỎ߻‫ܖ‬ᢿỉἃὊἋὸౖ᜚㧦ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_5/index.html

ᾅώӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỆấẬỦμ‫ܖ‬૙Ꮛᝧ˓ኵጢỉբ᫆ॖᜤߎ߁ߒߚోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩᄌㆫࠍㄡࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦ߿૏⟎ߠߌߦ㑐ߒߡᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡߊࠆ⇼໧ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߎࠇ߹ߢᔅߕߒ߽⥄ⷡߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠊߌ
ߢߪߥ޿‫ోޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ⚵❱߿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇ౏ೀߐࠇߚႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ߒޔ‬߆ࠆߴ߈࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓㆇ↪ߩ⃻⁁ಽᨆߣ໧㗴ὐߩᜰ៰‫⺖ޔ‬㗴ߩ᛽಴ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⚵❱߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ߚߩ߆ࠍᝒ߃ࠆ߁߃ߢ‫⾆ޔ‬㊀ߥ࠼ࠠࡘࡔࡦ࠻⟲ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣᕁ
ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩᦨᓟߦ޽ߚࠆ 1993 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ಴ߐࠇߚႎ๔ᦠ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ
ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟㧙㧨྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧪ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙‫ޢ‬㧔ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળኾ㐷ᆔຬળ✬‫ޕ‬᫪ᱜᄦᆔຬ㐳㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᓥ᧪ߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩ໧㗴ࠍએਅߩ 5 ὐߦ᳞߼ߡ޿
ࠆ11‫ޕ‬Ԙ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ↹৻ᕈ‫ޔ‬ԙ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩಽ㔌‫ޔ‬Ԛ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩਥ૕ᕈߩシⷞ‫ޔ‬ԛ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦㅢߓߚ♽⛔ᕈߩᰳᅤ‫ޔ‬Ԝᄢቇᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆቇㇱ㑆ߩಽᢿ- 14 - ߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ὐߩᜰ៰ࠍ߰߹߃‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩၮᧄ᭴ᗐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 6 ὐࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ12‫ޕ‬Ԙ྾ᐕ৻⽾ߩ♽⛔⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ✬ᚑ㧦৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡
ߩ࿕ቯ඙ಽࠍᑄߒ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ߇⽿છࠍᜬߞߡ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋡⊛ߦᓥߞߡ‫ߥ⊛⛔♽ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧔කቇㇱߪ౐ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧕ࠍోቇ⊛දജߩ߽ߣߦታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ✚ว⊛ߥ್ᢿജߩ
㙃ᚑ㧦୘೎⊛᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍ⟜೉ߒߚ↹৻⊛ߥᢎ⢒ࠍᑄߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ⷞ㊁߿⋧੕㑐ㅪ⊛⍮⼂ࠍਈ߃‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ␠ળ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥ⺖㗴⟲ߦ✚ว⊛ߦኻಣߒᓧࠆ⢻ജࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛቇ↢ߩਥ૕ᕈߣቇ߱ᗧ᰼ߩዅ㊀㧦ቇ↢߇⥄ࠄㆬࠎߛኾ᡹ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⑼⋡ࠍਥ૕⊛ߦጁୃߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ㆡᱜߥቇᐕ㈩ಽࠍⴕ߁ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ઁޔ‬ቇㇱ߇㐿⻠ߔࠆ⑼⋡߿ోቇ⊛ߦ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡ࠍጁୃߢ߈ࠆㅜࠍ㐿ߊ‫ޕ‬ԛ࿖㓙ൻ߳ߩኻᔕ㧦ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ࠍᒝൻߔࠆ
ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍㅢߓߡ⇣ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߩ࿖㓙ൻ␠ળߦහᔕߢ߈ࠆੱ᧚ࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԝㇱዪ㑆ߩ⋧੕දജ࡮੤ᵹߦၮߠߊోቇߩᢎ⢒ߩᵴᕈൻ‫ޕ‬ԝ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩ৻૕ൻ㧦ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ࠍᑄߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂቇㇱࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩ৻૕ൻࠍ࿑ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥၮᧄ᭴ᗐࠍਅᢝ߈ߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚߩ߇‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 6 ᐕᐲ㧕એ㒠ߩᣂ⑼⋡඙ಽߦࠃࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫⥸৻ޔ߫ࠊ޿ޕ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߒߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓߩో㕙⊛⷗⋥ߒߩⷰὐ߆ࠄౣ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚߩ߇ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍᣂᯏゲߣߔࠆోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢ޽ߞߚߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩᑄᱛએᓟߦ಴ߐࠇߚႎ๔ᦠߩߥ߆ߢߣߊߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡟ࡆ
ࡘ࡯ߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩࠍขࠅ਄ߍ‫⺰߿⺰⼏ߩߢߎߘޔ‬ὐࠍ᭎ⷰߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᵔώᵏᴾ Ẑμ‫ܖ‬σᡫ૙ᏋẑỉἾἥἷὊỆấẬỦᛯໜ
1998 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩలታࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯‫ޢ‬㧔ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㨃㧳✬㧕ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⷗⋥ߒߦኻߔࠆၮᧄᆫ൓߇᣿⏕ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߢ޽ࠆߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ13‫ోޕ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩࡢࡦࠢ࡯࡞ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ෼߼ߡታᣉߐࠇߚ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩਛᔃ⊛૞ᬺ㗄⋡ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙᧄቇߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣ⑼⋡඙ಽ‫ޔ‬ԙ⑼⋡඙ಽߩਅߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߣߘߩౝኈ‫ޔ‬Ԛ⑼⋡඙ಽߣ㐿⻠✚ࠦࡑᢙ࡮ฦ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩ㐿⻠ࠦࡑᢙ‫ޔ‬ԛ⑼⋡඙ಽߣㅴ⚖ⷐઙ࡮තᬺⷐઙ‫ޔ‬Ԝ⑼⋡඙ಽߣᐕᰴ㈩ᒰ‫ޔ‬ԝ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ኻ⽎ 6 ⑼⋡ߩᢎ⢒ലᨐ‫ޔ‬Ԟోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߣቇㇱ⑼⋡ߩㅪ៤‫ޔ‬ԟ⑼⋡඙ಽߩਛߩ୘೎᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩㇱಽ⊛౉ࠇᦧ߃‫ޔ‬Ԡቇㇱߏߣߩోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ጁୃ⁁ᴫߩಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ԡቇㇱߏߣߩోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߩᚑ❣ಽᏓ⁁ᴫߩಽᨆ‫ޔ‬Ԣ1997 ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 9 ᐕ
ᐲ㧕4 ᐕ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏ‫ ߩޔ‬9 ߟߢ޽ࠆ14‫ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ᧄޔߚ߹ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣ⑼⋡඙ಽߩ㑐ଥ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ߞߚ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬඙ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍᦨೋ߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬඙ಽߪㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣߩ೨ឭߩ߽ߣߢ
૞ᬺࠍ㐿ᆎߒ‫ޔ‬ਇㇺว߇↢ߓߚ႐วߦ⷗⋥ߔ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᣇ㊎߇ߣࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆὐߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ15‫ޕ‬ᧄ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩੑᄢኻ⽎⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߣߐࠇߚ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ᭎ߨ⢐ቯ⊛ߥ⹏ଔ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᣥ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩਥⷐߥォ឵⑼⋡ߣߺߥߐࠇࠆၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߦኻߒߡߪ෩ߒ޿⹏ଔ߇ਅߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑ਄ߩᄌㆫߩ․ᓽࠍᝒ߃ࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷐߩߘޕ‬ὐߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 15 -࡮ ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦ߇චಽߦᵴ߆ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔ᧪ᧄޕ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ⷞ㊁ߣ⋧੕㑐ㅪ⊛⍮⼂ࠍਈ߃‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ␠ળ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥ⺖㗴⟲ߦ✚ว⊛࡮ਥ૕⊛ߦኻಣߒ߁ࠆ⢻ജࠍ㙃߁ߚ߼ߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߚ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠅ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ൻ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᖱႎൻ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㜞㦂ൻ‫߇ޠ‬ㅴ߻⃻ઍ␠ળߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⺖㗴⟲ࠍ‫ޟ‬਎⇇ߣᣣᧄ‫⑼ޟޔޠ‬ቇߣᖱႎ‫ޠ‬‫↢ޟޔ‬ᶦ
ஜᐽߣࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ਃߟߩਥ㗴ߦ✚᜝ߒ‫ޔ‬ฦਥ㗴ߦහߒߡ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍጁ‫ޟ‬ฦቇㇱߣ߽೨ඨୃߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ16‫⿰ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᣦߦᾖࠄߒ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬
2 ᐕ㑆ߢጁୃࠍ⚳߃ࠆ⑼⋡ߣߪ૏⟎ઃߌߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ォ឵ߩၮᐙ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬3㨪4 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡጁୃߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ቇ↢ߦߪ‫⿰ߩߎޔ‬ᣦߦᴪߞߚቇ
⠌ࠍ଻⸽ߒ 3㨪4 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡጁୃߢ߈ࠆ᝼ᬺ૕೙ࠍߣࠄߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޠ‬17ߣⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨߣㆇ↪ታᘒߦਵ㔌߇↢ߓߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇ↢ߩጁୃ⁁ᴫ߇ᤨ㑆ഀߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ⥄᣿ߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩጁୃⴕേߦ⌕⋡ߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᄢㇱಽߩቇ↢ߪጁୃ⑼⋡ࠍ⋧੕㑐ㅪ⊛ߦߢߪߥߊ‫ߩ࡜ࡃ࡜ࡃ߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬୘೎
⑼⋡ߣߒߡጁୃߒ‫ޔ‬ጁୃၮḰߦቯ߼ࠄࠇߚᔅⷐන૏ᢙࠍୃᓧߔࠆߣ‫ߣߐߞߐޟ‬ጁୃࠍᱛ߼ߡߒ߹߁ጁୃࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞‫ޠ‬18߇ᶋ਄ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩጁୃߦ޽ߚࠅ‫⸘⸳ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬⠪஥ߩᗧ࿑ߦ෻ߒߡ‫ߩߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ቇ↢߇‫⋧ޟ‬੕㑐ㅪ⊛‫ࠍ⋡⑼ߦޠ‬ㆬᛯߒߡߪ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ19‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖೙ᐲߩ㕙߆ࠄߺߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ♽⛔ᕈߩ໧㗴߇ౝ࿷ߒߚ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ⷐઙ߿ጁୃᐕᰴߩ೙⚂㧔਄㒢ᜰቯ㧕߇‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦࠃࠆၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ‫ޟ‬ᣧขࠅ‫ߩޠ‬೙ᐲ⊛ߥଦㅴⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ
޿߁⷗ᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃޿ߣ߆ࠄߜߤޕ‬ᢥ♽ቇㇱߦᲧߒߡℂ♽ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆጁୃ਄ߢߩ
೙⚂߇ᄙߊ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ℂ♽ߩቇ↢ߦ‫ޟ‬ᣧขࠅ‫ޠ‬௑ะ߇㗼⪺ߥߎߣߣ╓วߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ
⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆߎߣ20‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥⷞ㊁ࠍᐢߍ‫⋧ޔ‬੕㑐ㅪ⊛⍮⼂ࠍᷓ߼ࠆ‫ޠ‬21ߣߐࠇߚၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ⷐઙ߿ጁୃᐕᰴ╬ߩ೙ᐲ਄ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚቇ↢ߩጁୃⴕേߦ
ࠃߞߡ⽾ᔀߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ォ឵ߩၮᐙ⑼⋡‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ዉ౉ߐࠇߚၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߇‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩߥ߆ߢᦼᓙߐࠇߚലᨐࠍ޽ߍ߃ߥ߆ߞߚේ࿃
ߩ߭ߣߟߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ߪߣߎߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩጁୃ⊓㍳ߦ㓙ߒߡ‫᧪ᧄ⋡⑼ޔ‬ߩ⿰ᣦߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃߿ጁୃᐕᰴߩ⸘↹ߦ᦭ലߥഥ⸒ᜰዉ߇ᔀᐩߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩㆇ↪ታᘒ߇␜ໂߔࠆߎߣߪ‫߅ߦ⸘⸳ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬޿ߡߪ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬೙ᐲ਄ߩ೙⚂ࠍൊ᩺ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩጁୃⴕേࠍᗐቯߒߚ߁߃ߢጁୃⷐ
ઙࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥጁୃᜰዉ߿ഥ⸒‫ߦ⊛❱⚵ࠍ╬ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇‫⑼ޔ‬⋡ߩ⿰ᣦߦߩߞߣߞߚᢎ᝼ቇ⠌ࠍᚑഞߦዉߊߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬- 16 -

ᵔώᵐᴾ Ẑμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋẑỉἾἥἷὊỆấẬỦᛯໜᴾએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣥ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩォ឵⑼⋡ߣߒߡߩၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߦኻߔࠆ⷗⋥ߒ߽߰߹߃‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪᣂߒ޿ోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩㆇ↪߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ22‫ోޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒૕೙߇ᢝ߆ࠇߡ߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߚႎ๔ᦠߩ߁ߜ‫ᦨޔ‬ᣂߩ߽ߩߪ 2004 ᐕ 3 ᦬ೀⴕߩ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅
ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮✬㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߪߥߦ߆‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣߪߥߦ߆╬ߩℂᔨ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠃࠅ߽‫ౕࠈߒ߻ޔ‬૕⊛ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ
␜ߒߡోቇᢎ⢒ߩᵴേታᘒߦߟ޿ߡน⢻ߥ߆߉ࠅ⹦⚦ߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍᜰ㊎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ23‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁ోቇᢎ⢒ߩࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡߩ⚵❱⊛․㐳ࠍᵴ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ห㒮߇ᠩߔࠆฦኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬೎ㇱળ࡮ዊㇱળߩදജߦࠃࠆ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߇ⴕ
ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬୘‫⋡⑼ߩޘ‬೎ㇱળ߿ዊㇱળ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⑼⋡ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍㅢ
ߓߡ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ໧㗴߿⺖㗴߇ឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠅ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩታᣉ⽿છਥ૕ߣߒߡߩᯏ⢻߇⊒ើߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߩⵣߠߌߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠ߆ࠄోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺰ὐߩ߁ߜਥߥ߽ߩࠍขࠅ਄ߍߡ
߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬޿ߊߟ߆ߩㇱળߢ౒ㅢߒߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦቯ߼ࠆ߆
ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ㇱળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍ᳞߼ࠆჿ߇಴ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ⥸৻ޕ‬᝼ᬺᜂᒰ⠪ߣหߓቇㇱߩቇ↢ߩ႐วߢ޽ࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߢߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߪ෩ߒߊ
ⴕࠊࠇ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢᢥ♽ߦኻߒߡߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߪߘࠇ߶ߤ෩ߒߊߥ޿௑ะ߇޽ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ24‫ޕ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ὼ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩ⻉⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ⽎⃻⻉ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛ߦಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ᛠីߔࠆ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩઁޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߔࠆ⑼⋡‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⛔৻ߔࠆߩ߆ߪ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡ㇱળߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩ‫⋡ޟ‬቟‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ၮḰ‫ࠅ޽ߩޠ‬ᣇ߇⺰⼏ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ25‫ޕ‬೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߦ⺖ߖࠄࠇߚ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙኾ㐷⊛ቇ⠌ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ԙ⇣ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬Ԛ࿖㓙␠ળߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᢎ㙃ࠍ⢒߻⑼⋡‫ߣޔ‬ᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߡ߅ࠅ‫⋡ߩߤޔ‬ᮡߦᲧ㊀ࠍ߅ߊ߆㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪဋ╬ߦߔࠆߩ߆㧕ߦࠃߞߡᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰ߽⇣ߥߞߡߊࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰߪ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯߣ޽ࠊߖߡ
ᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޔ‬ฦ⑼⋡ߩ⸳⸘‫ోࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬૕ߩ᭴ㅧࠍᬌ⸽
ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥⷞὐߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ26‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡ㇱળ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣߒߡᜰ㊎ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆჿ߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ27‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣߒߡߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ㇱળ߆ࠄ਄ߞߡ߈ߚ⺰ὐ߿࠾࡯࠭ࠍ⚵❱⊛ߦ᳹ߺขࠅ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ໧㗴ߦ૏⟎ߠߌߥ߅ߒ‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⷗࿾߆ࠄ⸃᳿╷ࠍ⻠ߓࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᒝൻߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠃ߁28‫ޕ‬ᾆώᴾ ኽὼμ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉ‫٭‬ᢟỆấẬỦᛢ᫆ấợỎഏ஖ἾἥἷὊỆớẬẺᙻໜὼએ਄‫ޔ‬᭎ⷰߒߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ࠄ‫⃻ߕ߹ߣ߭ޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢߩ⠨ኤߩ▸࿐ߢోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ
࡜ࡓߩ․ᓽࠍᜰ៰ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 5 ὐߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬╙৻ߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃⷐઙߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߏߣߦᄙ᭽ߥࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢ߆ߥޕ‬- 17 -

߽‫ޔ‬ጁୃᐕᰴࠍหߓߊߒ‫ోߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ౒ㅢߩቇ⠌ᯏળߣߒߡ೙ᐲ⊛ߦᜂ଻ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆᔅୃ⑼⋡ߪၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ৻⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩߏߊ৻ㇱߩන૏ᢙಽߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬࿕ቯ⊛ߥᔅୃ⑼⋡߇ዋߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿
ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢㓸࿅ߩቇ⠌ߩ৻⽾ᕈߪᒙߊ‫ߩߘޔ‬෻㕙‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ㆇ↪㕙ߢߩᨵエᕈߪ㜞޿᭴ㅧߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬௑ะࠍଦㅴߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ߘߩ⋡⊛ߦᓥߞߚ୘ᕈ⊛ߥᢎ⢒ࠍ♽⛔⊛ߦ⽾ߊߚ߼ߦ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬྾ᐕ㑆ߦਗ਼ߞߡ৻⽾ߒߡ✬ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒‫⊒ߩޠ‬ᗐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ੑߦ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ޿ߚᓥ᧪ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦᲧߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߣ޿ߞߚቇ໧㗔ၞ਄ߩ඙ಽߌ߇Ꮧ⭯ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡߇⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽ߩቇ໧㗔ၞߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߚࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦᲧߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ߩಽ㊁߇߭ߣ߹ߣ߼ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ਃߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߩዉ౉ᤨߦ߅޿ߡߪኾ㐷♽ߩၮ␆⑼⋡ߣߒߡ಴⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢ߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߒߡቯ⌕ߒߡ߈ߚၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬᝼ᬺౝኈ߿⋡⊛╬߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩ૏⟎ߠߌߣߒߡߪࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡߿ᢎ㙃♽ߩ⑼⋡ߦᕈᩰᄌൻࠍㆀߍߟߟ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼⋡ߣᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩߪߑ߹ߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬╙྾ߦ‫╙ޔ‬ਃߩὐߦ߆߆ࠊࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆೋ
ᐕᰴ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚၮ␆⊛ࠬࠠ࡞ߩ₪ᓧߦ․ൻߒߚᔅୃ⑼⋡߿ዉ౉⑼⋡‫ࠪ࡯࠹ࡦࠛ࡝ࠝޔ‬࡚ࡦ⑼⋡ߦ㘃ߔࠆᱜ⺖ߩᢎ⢒ᯏળߪࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ਄‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᒙ޿⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙੖ߦ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ⑼⋡೎ㇱળ޽ࠆ޿ߪዊㇱળߢឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰ߇޽޿߹޿ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ฦ⑼⋡ߩ⋡ᮡߩਇ᣿⏕ᕈߥ޿ߒߪᄙ᭽ᕈߩ໧㗴ߣ߽ኒធߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪ‫⥸৻ޔ߫߃ߣߚޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⑼⋡ψోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ψోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣ޿߁ᄌㆫߦߺࠄࠇ
ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞߦଐ᜚ߒߚኾ㐷ᕈߩᐲว޿߇ᓢ‫⋡⑼ޕࠆߖߥߺߣࠆ޿ߡ߈ߡࠇ⭯ߦޘ‬ߩ⿰ᣦߣ૏⟎ߠߌ߇ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍᜰะߔࠆߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰ߇⸳ቯߒߠࠄߊߥࠆߣ޿߁௑ะ߇⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬✚ߓߡ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߦ߅޿ߡ⠨ኤߩᚻ߇߆ࠅߣߒߚㆊ෰ߩႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ోߩߡߟ߆ޔ‬ቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ߿⃻࿷ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫࠻ࠬࡐޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ߩߡߒߣޠ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙ߩ቟
ቯ⊛ㆇ༡㧙ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬Ԙ᦭ലᢎቭ㧔ຬ㧕ᢙߦၮߠߊోቇෳട‫ޔ‬ԙᜂᒰߩ౏ᐔൻ‫ޔ‬Ԛᜂᒰㇱዪ෸߮਎⹤ㇱዪߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ԛోቇᢎ⢒߳ߩ⽸₂ߩ⹏ଔ29㧙߇ᦨఝవ⺖㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ
ࠍ⢛᥊ߦ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏળߩឭଏ⠪㧔ߔߥࠊߜࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⸳⸘࡮ឭଏ⠪㧕஥ߩⷞὐ߇೨㕙ߦ಴ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌ߩਥ૕ߢ޽ࠆቇ↢ߩⷞὐ㧔ߔߥࠊߜࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߡ㆐ᚑߐ
ࠇࠆቇ⠌ᚑᨐ㧕ߦ┙ߞߚᬌ⸛ߪ߈ࠊ߼ߡᒙ޿ߣᜰ៰ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙ߩ቟ቯൻ߆ࠄᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩะ਄ߦ⺖㗴ߩਛᔃ߇ផ⒖ߒ‫ ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ╙ 2 ࠢ࡯࡞ߦⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚᧄᩰ⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯
ࠍᚻ߇ߌࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ታᣉ૕೙ߩ஥㕙ߩߺߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ᚑᨐߣ޿ߞߚⷰὐࠍᒝൻߒ
ߚᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߎߣ߇ࠄߣߒߡߪએਅߩὐ߇᜼ߍࠄ
ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬- 18 -

࡮ 9 ߟߩቇㇱࠍᠩߔࠆ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩߔߴߡߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢㧔ߣࠅࠊߌೋᐕᰴ↢㧕ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍᒻᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ߥࠦࠕߣߥࠆቇ⠌⚻㛎ߣߪߥߦ߆㧫࡮ ⎇ⓥᄢቇߩ․⾰ࠍᵴ߆ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⍮⊛㑐ᔃࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߥ㝯ജ޽ࠆ⑼⋡߿ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆㧫 ߹ߚ‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᣉߩߚ߼ߩ૕೙ߣ⚵❱ߣߪ޿߆ߥࠆ߽ߩ߆㧫࡮ ቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠍଦߔ߁߃ߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩᢙࠍ᜛ᄢߒ‫ࠞޔ‬࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦᨵエᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߴ߈߆㧫 ޽ࠆ޿ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇㇱߩ౒ㅢၮ⋚ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ
ᜰቯᔅୃ⑼⋡ࠍჇ߿ߒߚ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߏߣߦផᅑጁୃࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߩ߆㧫߹ߚ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߥ⊛❱⚵ޔ‬ᡷༀߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩὐ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩో૕⊛ⷞὐߦࠃࠆડ↹┙᩺⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ߩታ⾰ൻࠍ࿑ࠅ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬೎ㇱળ߅ࠃ߮ዊㇱળ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢᛠីߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ὐ߿⺖㗴ߩ㓸⚂ߣ⸃᳿╷ߩഃ಴ࠍߪ߆ࠆߒߊߺࠍ
ᒝൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇㇱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ᯏ⢻ࠍᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩડ↹┙᩺⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ߣߩ⋧ਸ਼ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥߒߊߺࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߦ⾗ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⾰⊛࡮㊂⊛࠺࡯࠲ࠍ․ቯߒ‫ޔ‬㓸⚂㨯ಽᨆ࡮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢᯏ⢻ࠍᒝൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇㇱ߅ࠃ߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߳ߩጁୃࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ߿ഥ⸒࡮ᜰዉᯏ⢻ࠍ⚵❱⊛ߦᒝൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ᒁ߈ฃߌࠆߴ߈⚵❱⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߚᶏᄖ߅ࠃ߮࿖ౝߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷༀߩข
ࠅ⚵ߺ߆ࠄ␜ໂࠍᓧߟߟ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦㆡ↪น⢻ߥᣇ╷ࠍ✵ߞߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇᦭ലߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
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㤥↰శᄥ㇢࡮ㄭ↰᡽ඳ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔2004㧕‫✚ޟ‬วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⚵❱ൻ߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⸳┙㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ቇળ╙ 7 ࿁ᄢળ⊒⴫⾗ᢱ㧔ᧄႎ๔ᦠߦ෼㍳㧕‫ޕ‬⚵❱࠴ࡖ࡯࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㤥↰శᄥ㇢࡮ㄭ↰᡽ඳ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔2004㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޕ‬㤥↰శᄥ㇢࡮ㄭ↰᡽ඳ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ࡮ᄐ⋡㆐਽㧔2005㧕‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ታᣉ⚵❱ਅߢߩ᝼ᬺታ〣ߩ⺖㗴㧙ฬᄢᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߣߘߩᵴ↪㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ㜞
╬ᢎ⢒ቇળ╙ 8 ࿁ᄢળ⊒⴫⾗ᢱ㧔ᧄႎ๔ᦠߦ෼㍳㧕‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_2/index.html㧔2006/03/01㧕
ฬฎደᄢቇߪቇⴚᙗ┨ߩ೙ቯࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ᜚ὐᄢቇߢ޽ࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ὐᄢቇߣߔࠆߎߣࠍ␠ળߦ౏⴫ߒ‫⺑ߣߚޠ‬᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ㧔2006㧕‫ޡ‬2006 Students’ Guide ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ߈‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1 㗁‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩዉ౉ᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ㐿⻠ᣇ㊎ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬‫ࠢ࠶ࠪࠗࡌࡦࡕࠦߪ⋡⑼ᧄޟ‬ࠬߩᶩ㙃ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒߳ߩォ឵࡮ዉ౉ࠍ࿑ࠅ‫ߦ⊛⛔♽ޔ‬㈩⟎ߐࠇࠆኾ㐷♽⑼⋡ߩၮ␆ઃߌ࡮േᯏઃߌࠍਈ߃ࠆ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫⿰ߩߎޕ‬ᣦ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬1 ᐕᰴߦᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ⸳ቯ

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ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩਥ૕ᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚ᝼ᬺ૕೙ࠍขࠅ‫ޔ‬㧝ࠢ࡜ࠬᒰߚࠅቇ↢ 25 ฬᧂḩߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᒻᑼߩ᝼ᬺߣߒߡታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߚ޿ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩᧄ᧪⊛ߥ૏⟎ߠߌߪኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ోߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪၮ␆⑼⋡ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦ౉ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ห࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦࠃߞߡೋᐕᰴ
ߩࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿ዉ౉⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦࠍ߽ᒁ߈ขࠆߎߣߪᣂߚߥ⍦⋫ࠍᛴ߃ㄟ߻น
⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળኾ㐷ᆔຬળ㧔1993㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ
߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟㧙㧨྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧪ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬25 㗁‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧔2006㧕
‫ޡ‬SYLLABUS ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡᝼ᬺⷐⷩ‫ޢ‬ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 6 ᐕ߆ࠄ 14 ᐕ߹ߢߪ 3 ᐕ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚ⸒⺆⑼⋡ߩቇୃᦼ㑆ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷐઙ߇‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪᢥ♽ቇㇱ߇ 2 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ቇㇱߪ 1 ᐕඨߦ⍴❗ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߁ߎޕ‬ߒߚቇୃᦼ㑆ߩ❗ᷫ߇‫⋡ߩ⋡⑼⺆⸒ޔ‬ᮡ‫ޟߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬࿖㓙ൻߦኻᔕߢ߈ࠆ⢻ജࠍ㙃߁‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁ోቇᢎ⢒ߩౕ૕⊛⋡ᮡߩ߭ߣߟߦㆡว⊛߆ߤ߁߆ߪᬌ⸛ࠍⷐߔࠆὐߢ޽ࠆߣᕁ
ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ฬฎደᄢቇోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ⷙ⒟‫ ╙ޔ‬5 ᧦߅ࠃ߮╙ 6 ᧦‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળኾ㐷ᆔຬળ㧔1993㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟㧙㧨྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒㧪ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬2 㗁‫ޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ 6 ߟߩၮᧄᆫ൓߇᣿␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1㧚޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ᢎ⢒ߩⷞὐߦ┙ߜ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦ૗ࠍઃਈߒߚ߆ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄⴕ߁‫ޕ‬
2㧚࡟ࡆࡘ࡯૞ᬺታᣉߩㆊ⒟ߢ↢ߓߡߊࠆ⻉໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ޽ࠊߖߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁߇‫޿ޔ‬߆ߥࠆ႐วߢ߽Ᏹߦ਄⸥ߩਛᔃ⊛છോߦ┙ߜ㄰ࠆᆫ൓ࠍၷᜬߔࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
3㧚ోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯‫ޠ‬‫ޟޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ B‫ޔޠ‬‫⸒ޟ‬⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫✚ޟޔ‬ว⑼⋡‫ޟߣޠ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡‫ ߩޠ‬6 ⑼⋡ࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
4㧚ฦቇㇱߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔃដߌࠆ‫ޕ‬
5㧚ᧄቇߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ࡝࠰࡯ࠬࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦᵴ↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
6㧚੹࿁ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߢ⸃᳿ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ໧㗴ὐ߿⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߪ᣿⏕ߥᒻߢᱷߔߎߣߦࠃ
ߞߡ‫ࠆߥࠄߐޔ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔1998 ᐕ 4 ᦬⸳⟎㧕ߦ⛮ᛚߔࠆߎߣ
ߣߔࠆ‫ోޕ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ WG ✬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇ౒ㅢ
ᢎ⢒ߩలታࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ 3 ᦬‫ޔ‬4㧙5 㗁‫ޕ‬ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ WG ✬㧔1998㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩలታࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬5㧙6 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬6 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬17 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬17 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬24 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬40 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬48 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬43 㗁‫ޕ‬ᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕᐲ‫ࠆ޽⦡․ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡰេࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ੱޟᦠ⺧↳ޠ‬㑆ᕈ⼾߆ߥ㜞ᐲᢎ㙃ੱߩ⢒ᚑ㧙⃻ઍ⊛ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼ߩ᭴▽ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧙‫ޔߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬‫ߩߡߟ߆ޟ‬৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡߿ㄭᤨ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆਥ㗴⑼⋡ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߩⷐ⚛ߣᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩⷐ⚛ߣ߇ᷙ࿷ߒ߇ߜߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ࠍㆡಾߦ඙೎ߒ‫⋧ࠍࠇߎޔ‬੕ߦ᦭ᯏ⊛㑐ㅪᕈࠍචಽ㈩ᘦߒߡ㈩⟎ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚲᦼߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߩታ⃻ࠍ߼ߑߔ‫⺖߁޿ߣޠ‬㗴ᗧ⼂߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ⸓ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩౝኈߩ޽޿߹޿ߐ߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇┍޿⍮ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮
㧔2004㧕
‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬213 㗁‫ޕ‬ᐔ੗ൎ೑‫ޠߦ߼ߓߪޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧔2004㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙- 20 -

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ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬㧔㗁⇟ภߥߒ㧕ห਄‫ޔ‬47 㗁‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬55 㗁‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߩ⋡ᮡߩᄙ᭽ᕈߣᚑ❣⹏ଔߩᣇᴺࠍ฽߻ጁୃⷐઙߣࠍ߼ߋࠆ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߩᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߒ߫ߒ߫⼏⺰ߩ⊛ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫☨ޕ‬࿖ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇࠕ࠽࡯ࡃ࡯ᩞߦ߅޿
ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩጁୃⷐઙߩᡷቯࠍ߼ߋߞߡ‫ߡߒߣ❱⚵ޔ‬ቇ⠌⋡ᮡࠍߤߎߦὶὐઃߌࠆߩ
߆߇⺰ὐߣߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ᧄޔߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ෼㍳ߩ㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔2006㧕‫⎇ޟ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ㧙☨࿖ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇࠕ࠽࡯ࡃ࡯ᩞߩ
੐଀ࠍᚻ߇߆ࠅߦ㧙‫ޠ‬㧔ೋ಴ߪ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬6 ภ㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧔2004㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬49 㗁‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߦߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᧄᩰ⊛ㆇ↪ߦవ㚟ߌ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕᧃ߆ࠄ 2002
ᐕ 3 ᦬߹ߢߩ㑆ߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ
㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆਭ㊁ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ㧕ߩႎ๔߇෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߣᮡḰ⊛ጁୃࡕ࠺࡞‫✬ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᚑߩၮᧄᆫ൓㧔ߣࠅࠊߌታᣉ૕೙ߦߟ޿ߡ㧕‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰ⽿છㇱዪߩ᣿⏕ൻ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒਄ߩ⽸₂ߦኻߔࠆᱜᒰߥ⹏ଔߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ߅ߌࠆᒰᤨߩⓍߺᱷߒ૞ᬺ߅ࠃ߮ᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 10 ὐ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩߘޔ‬ታᣉ૕೙ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠞޔ‬࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౝኈ߿᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴߇߈ࠊ߼ߡዋߥ޿ߎߣߪᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡࠃ޿‫ޕ‬Ԙ ోቇෳട‫⽶ޔ‬ᜂߩ౏ᐔൻߩ⷗࿾߆ࠄ‫ࠍ߻߿ޔ‬ᓧߕ↢ߓࠆቇ㒮㧔ㇱዪ㧕㑆ᩰᏅߩᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬ోቇᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⽸₂ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᱜᒰߦ⹏ଔߔࠆ૕೙߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ਄⸥ߩోቇᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔ૕೙߇⏕┙޽ࠆ޿ߪ⏕⚂ߐࠇࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ฦ‫ޟ‬ቇ㒮‫ޠ‬㧔ㇱዪ㧕
ࠦࡑ㈩ಽߦ‫৻ࠅࠃߦࠄߐޔ‬ጀߩⲢㅢᕈ߇↢ߓࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛ ℂ♽ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍㅢᐕ 4 න૏ߣߔࠆᔅⷐᕈߦߟ߈‫ޔ‬ቇౝߦ⾥ุਔ⺰ߩᗧ⷗߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ ‫ޟ‬ቇ㒮‫ޠ‬ᣇᑼߦߟ߈‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓࡮ౝኈߦࠊߚࠆቇౝࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߩᰳᅤ߇໧㗴ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߪߣ߽߆ߊ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ㒮‫ޠ‬ᣇᑼߩណุߩ್ᢿߪ‫ޔ‬ᮭ㒢ߦᒰ WG ߩಣℂ⢻ജࠍ⿥߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԝ ోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩࠦࡦ࠹ࡦ࠷ࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԝ ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩ┙᩺‫ޕ‬㐿⻠⑼⋡ᢙߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߦ಴᧪ࠆߛߌ㈩ᘦ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ߚߩߘޕ‬߼ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ㒮‫ޠ‬㧔ㇱዪ㧕ߩ⥄⊒⊛ߥ㐿⻠ߩ↳ߒ಴߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯㈩ಽ
ߩୃᱜߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥‫ޟ‬ቇ㒮‫ߩޠ‬ᜂᒰࠦࡑᢙࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԟ ዁᧪⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ࡮ᄢቇ㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߩᜂᒰࠦࡑᢙ߽ൊ᩺ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣޔ‬ߩᗧ⷗߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԟ ోቇᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⽿છ㑐ଥ߇⏕┙ߒߚᓟߩ⛽ᜬ૕೙㧔⽿છ㧕ߦߟ߈‫ޔ‬໧㗴ឭ⿠߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԡ ᦭ലᢎቭᢙߩၮ␆ࠍ⃻ຬߦ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬቟ቯᕈࠍᰳߊ਄ߦ‫ޔ‬ਇ౏ᐔߩⷐ࿃ߣߥࠅ
߆ߨߥ޿‫ޕ‬ቯຬ╬೎ߩ▚ቯၮḰߣߔࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ԡ ⑼⋡ߦࠃߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡߿ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩᜂᒰ߇ਇน⢻ߥ੐ᘒ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷߩ㈩⟎ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰน⢻⑼⋡ߦᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆ㈩ᘦ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห਄‫ޔ‬107 㗁‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧔2004㧕‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬
22 㗁‫ޕ‬- 21 -

2.2 ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޠ‬㑐ߔࠆᱧผ⊛⠨ኤ㧙ᢎ㙃ㇱ⊒⿷䈎䉌ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮䈱ഃ⸳䈮䈇䈢䉎䉁䈪䈱䉦䊥䉨䊠䊤䊛䈱ᄌㆫ䈮ᵈ⋡䈚䈩㧙
㕍ጊ૫ઍ
⋡ ᰴ
ߪߓ߼ߦ
1 ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩߪߓ߹ࠅ㧔1949㧙1951㧕
2 㜞ᐲ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ᦼߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔1952㧙1962㧕
㧔1㧕ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߩୃᱜߣࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
㧔2㧕ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩ೙ቯߣၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩዉ౉3 ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩᴺ೙ൻߣ⍦⋫ߩ㗼࿷ൻ㧔1963㧙1969㧕
㧔1㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩᴺ೙ൻ
㧔2㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ⍦⋫ߩ㗼࿷ൻ
4 ᄢቇ⚗੎ᓟߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟㧔1970㧙1988㧕
㧔1㧕1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᚑ┙㧔2㧕✚ว⑼⋡ߩ㐿⸳㧔3㧕྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩᬌ⸛
㧔4㧕1984㧔ᤘ๺ 59㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᚑ┙5 ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᑄᱛߣ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔1989㧙2002㧕
㧔1㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆㆇ༡૕೙
㧔2㧕ᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
㧔3㧕ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᜂᒰㇱዪߩ⷗⋥ߒ㧙ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⸳┙߻ߔ߮㧙ฬฎደᄢቇߩ޽ࠆߴ߈ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߪ㧙ߪߓ߼ߦᚢᓟߩᣂ೙ᄢቇߩ⊒⿷ߣߣ߽ߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ࠅ޽ߩߘޔߪޠ‬ᣇ߇໧ࠊࠇ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ‫ ߦ޿ߟޕ‬1991㧔ᐔᚑ 3㧕ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡඙ಽߣߒߡߩ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߩ⋡⑼ޠ‬㐿⸳⟵ോ߇⸳⟎ၮḰ߆ࠄᶖ߃1‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ߶ߣࠎߤߩᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄢ᏷ߥᡷ✬߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬ᐔⴕߒߡᢎ㙃ㇱߩᡷ⚵࡮⸃૕߇ⴕࠊ
ࠇߚ2‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫߇ޠ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߦዉ౉ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚᄾᯏߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ᢎ⢒૶▵࿅ߩႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆ൘๔ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1946㧔ᤘ๺ 21㧕ᐕߦ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ ╙ޡ‬1 ᰴ☨࿖ᢎ⢒૶▵࿅ႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢ᭎ߪࠫࠚࡀ࡜࡞ࠛ࠺ࡘ࡯ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ᥉ ㅢ ᢎ ⢒ ࠍᣉߔᯏળ߇૛ࠅߦዋߊ‫ߩߘޔ‬ኾ㐷ൻ߇૛ࠅߦᣧߊ߹ߚ૛ࠅߦ⁜ߔ߉‫ߘޔ‬
ᧄⓂߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇᢥᦠ⾗ᢱቶ♿ⷐ‫ ╙ޢ‬13 ภ㧔2005㧕63-102 㗁ߦᚲ෼ߐࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ⸵นࠍᓧߡౣឝ
ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 22 -

ࠫࠚࡀ࡜࡞ࠛ࠺ࡘ࡯ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

ߒߡ⡯ᬺ⊛⦡ᓀ߇૛ࠅߦᒝߔ߉ࠆ߿߁ߦᕁߪࠇࠆ3‫ ޔߡߒߣޠ‬᥉ ㅢ ᢎ ⢒ ߩዋߥߐ߇ᜰ
៰ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥࠍ⺒ࠎߢࠊ߆ࠆߎߣߛ߇‫ޔߪߟߓޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩේᢥߢ޽ࠆ㧔⧷⺆㧕
general education㧔ࠫࠚࡀ࡜࡞࡮ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪߣߪ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩ⸶ᢥߢߪ‫ޟ‬᥉ㅢᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬ߣ ⸶ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬1991 㧔 ᐔ ᚑ 3 㧕 ᐕ ߩ ᄢ ✁ ൻ એ ೨ ߹ ߢ ↪ ޿ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ߚࠫࠚࡀ࡜࡞ࠛ࠺ࡘ࡯ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ ⥸ ৻ ޟ‬ᢎ ⢒ ‫ޔߪ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬1950㧔ᤘ๺ 25㧕ᐕߩ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߢ߆ߥߩޠ‬ᵴ↪ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ߘࠇએᓟቯ⌕ߒߡ޿ߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ4‫ޕ‬ߐߡ‫ޔ‬ห૶▵࿅ߦදജߒߚᣣᧄ஥ߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ෻ᔕߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂ߪᏗ⭯ߢ޽ߞߚ‫৻ߩߘ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ߩᄢቇㅪว࿅૕ߢ޽ࠆᄢቇၮ
Ḱදળߦ߅޿ߡ⚵❱ߐࠇߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥળߩᆔຬߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬CI&E5ߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᜂᒰቭߩᜰዉ
ࠍฃߌߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ዉੱߩᔅⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ห⎇ⓥળߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢቇߦᣈߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒䇻6ߣ޿߁ႎ๔ᦠߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣥ೙ᄢቇ߇‫ⷞ޿⁜ࠄߔߚ߭ޟ‬㊁ߩਅߦ‫ޔ‬ᭂ┵ߦኾ㐷ಽൻߒߚ⡯⢻㗔ၞߩࠛࠠࠬࡄ࡯࠻㙃ᚑ䇹7ࠍᜂߞߚߎߣࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1947㧔ᤘ๺ 22㧕ᐕ‫ޔ‬CI&E ߩᜰዉߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰදળߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬
‫ੱޟ‬ᢥ
⑼ቇ‫ޠ‬
‫ޔ‬
‫␠ޟ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫ޠ‬‫⥄ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫ߩޠ‬ਃ♽೉߆ࠄߥࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡䇹8ࠍታᣉߔࠆࠃ
߁ߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ਃ♽೉ߦߘߞߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
ߦࠃߞߡታᣉߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣߢ޽
ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⊒⿷‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⸃૕‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩഃ⸳ߦ޿
ߚࠆ߹ߢߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄌㆫߦᵈ⋡ߒߡಽᨆߔࠆ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᄌㆫࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟᦼᓙߐࠇࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥⷐ⚛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ޕ‬1 ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩߪߓ߹ࠅ㧔1949㧙1951㧕
1949㧔ᤘ๺ 24㧕ᐕ 5 ᦬ 31 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ቇ೙ᡷ㕟ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣥ೙ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬ห㒝ዻකቇኾ㐷ㇱ‫ޔ‬╙౎㜞╬ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደ⚻ᷣኾ㐷ቇᩞ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞ߇൮᜝ߐࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ฬฎደ
ᄢቇ߇⊒⿷ߒߚ‫ޕ‬หᐕ 7 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆㇱዪߣߒߡ‫౎╙ޔ‬㜞╬ቇᩞࠍᲣ૕ߣߒߚ‫ޟ‬ℰⓄಽᩞ‫ޠ‬‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞࠍᲣ૕ߣߒߚ‫⼾ޟ‬Ꮉಽᩞ‫⸳ࠇߙࠇߘ߇ޠ‬⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ߣޠ‬๭⒓ߐࠇߚ‫ޟߩߎޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᴺ೙਄ߩㇱዪߢߪߥߊ‫ߒޔ‬ߚ߇ߞߡᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳߽⟎߆ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬หᐕ 7 ᦬ 13 ᣣߩᣂ೙ᄢቇ⸳⟎੐ോද⼏ળߢ᳿ቯߐ
ࠇߚᢎ㙃ㇱߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߪ‫ޔ‬ℰⓄಽᩞ߇ਥ੐ 1‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ 5‫ޔ‬ഥᢎ᝼ 10‫⻠ޔ‬Ꮷ 4‫ޔ‬ഥᚻ 1 ߩว⸘
21 ฬ‫⼾ޔ‬Ꮉಽᩞ߇ਥ੐ 1‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ 4‫ޔ‬ഥᢎ᝼ 7‫⻠ޔ‬Ꮷ 2‫ޔ‬ഥᚻ 2 ߩว⸘ 16 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ഥᚻࠍ㒰ߊోຬ߇╙౎㜞╬ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደ⚻ᷣኾ㐷ቇᩞ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞ㧔એਅ‫ޔ‬ਃ⛔
᜝ᩞߣ⴫⸥㧕߆ࠄߩ⒖☋ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬౗છࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇ 53 ฬ㈩ዻߐࠇߚ߇‫ ߜ߁ޔ‬47 ฬ߇਄ㅀߩਃ⛔᜝ᩞ㧔╙౎㜞╬ቇᩞ 21‫ޔ‬ฬฎደ⚻ᷣኾ㐷ቇᩞ 6‫ޔ‬ጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞ 20㧕߆ࠄߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣥ೙ฬฎደᄢቇ߆ࠄߩ㈩ዻߪ 6 ฬߦ⇐߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬1950㧔ᤘ๺ 25㧕ᐕߦ- 23 -

ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ޽ࠄߚߥኾછࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߣߥߞߚ 27 ฬ㧔ᢎ᝼ 11‫ޔ‬ഥᢎ᝼ 11‫⻠ޔ‬Ꮷ 5㧕߽‫ోޔ‬ຬ߇ਃ⛔᜝ᩞ߆ࠄߩ⒖☋ߢ޽ߞߚ9‫ޕ‬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ੖චᐕผ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪߢޢ‬ᴫߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᢎ⢒߇߽ߞ߬ࠄਃ⛔᜝ᩞߩᢎቭߦછߐࠇ‫ోޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺߩ૕೙ߣߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߎ
ߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ䇹10ߣ⹏ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1949㧔ᤘ๺ 24㧕ᐕߦน᳿ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟‫ޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬એਅߩጁୃၮḰ߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡨ࿖⺆ 16 න૏ࠍ฽߼‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ
ਃ♽೉ߦࠊߚࠅ‫ ߩ߅ߩ߅ޔ‬3 ⑼⋡એ਄⸘ 10 ⑼⋡એ਄‫ޔ‬૕⢒ 3 න૏એ਄‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 52 න૏એ਄ߩ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢㧔කቇㇱࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡨ࿖⺆ 11 න૏ߣᢙቇ 10 න૏㧔1 ᐕ
ᰴ㧕ߩ 2 ᢎ⑼ 21 න૏ࠍ฽߼‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ߦࠊߚࠅ‫߅ߩ߅ޔ‬ߩ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄⸘ 9 ⑼⋡એ਄㧔ߘߩන૏ᢙߪᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ฽߻ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 13 න૏એ਄‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ 4න૏એ਄‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ 20 න૏એ਄㧕‫ޔ‬૕⢒ 3 න૏એ਄‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 46 න૏એ਄ߩጁୃၮḰ߇⺖ߐࠇߚ11‫ޕ‬1947㧔ᤘ๺ 22㧕ᐕ 7 ᦬ߦᄢቇၮḰදળ߇ቯ߼ߚ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫⥸৻ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬ᢎ⢒ߩጁୃߣᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߡߺߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ޔߪߢޠ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ⑼⋡ࠍ฽߼‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ߦࠊߚࠅ‫ ߩ߅ߩ߅ޔ‬2 ⑼⋡એ਄⸘ 10 ⑼⋡એ਄‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 40 න૏એ਄ߩ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ⑼⋡ࠍ฽߼‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮
⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ߦࠊߚࠅ‫ ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬2 ⑼⋡એ਄⸘ 9 ⑼⋡એ਄‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 36 න૏એ਄ߩጁୃ
ၮḰ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߜߥߺߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߢߩጁୃၮḰߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰදળߩቯ߼ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫߅ߦޠ‬ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩጁୃၮḰࠍኻᲧߔࠆߣ‫ ⴫ޔ‬1 ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห⴫߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩጁୃߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ޔߪߢޠ‬ᢥ⑼♽࡮ℂ⑼♽ߣ߽ 1 ࡨ࿖⺆ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߢߪ‫ޔ‬2 ࡨ࿖⺆ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢ㆑޿߇ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐࠍ㒰ߊߣᢥ⑼♽ߩጁୃၮḰߪ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߤࠎߣ߶ߣޠ‬หߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ℂ⑼♽ߩၮḰߪ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߦޠ‬හߒߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ౝታߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ⇣⾰ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⥄ޔߪߟߓޕ‬ὼ⑼ቇߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩᢙቇ 10 න૏ࠍ฽߼‫ޔ‬20 න૏એ਄ߩጁୃ
ࠍ᳞߼ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬㧔ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ੱᢥ⑼ቇߣ␠ળ⑼ቇߪ‫ޔ‬2 ⑼⋡ 4 න૏એ਄ߩጁୃߢࠃ޿‫ޔ‬ߣ޿߁᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߩޠ‬ጁୃၮḰߣߪᄢ߈ߊ߆ߌ㔌ࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ12‫ޕ‬
1950㧔ᤘ๺ 25㧕ᐕ 6 ᦬‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰߩᄢ᏷ᡷ⸓13ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆᄢቇၮḰදળ✚ળߩ႐ߦ߅޿
ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩઍ⴫ߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ၮḰߪ᜔᧤ജ߇ᒝߊ‫ޔ‬ᒢജᕈࠍᰳ޿ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⺖⒟ߩጁୃ߇ᅹߍࠄࠇࠆߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫ੱޟ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ߩߘࠇߙࠇ 2 ⑼⋡ߩว⸘ 9 ⑼⋡ 36 න૏એ਄‫ߩޠ‬ጁୃߣ޿߁ୃᱜ᩺ࠍ಴ߒߚ߇‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬ኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰදળߩળ㐳ߪ‫ޟ‬ቇ↢߇౒ㅢߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬ฦᣇ㕙ߦⴕߊߩ߇ᣂ೙ᄢቇߩᧄ⾰ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣ෻⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩࠃ߁ߥጁୃၮḰߪ‫ޟ‬ᣥ೙ᄢቇߩⷰᔨ䇹14ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ‫⚿ޔ‬ዪฬฎደᄢቇߩୃᱜ᩺ߪㅌߌߡࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ15‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ࠍޠ‬ฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬1951㧔ᤘ๺ 26㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߽ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߚ‫ޕ‬කቇㇱએᄖߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽࡮ℂ⑼♽ߣ߽౒ㅢߦੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ߦࠊߚࠅ߅ߩ߅ߩ 3 ⑼⋡ 12 න૏એ਄ว⸘ 36 න૏ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡨ࿖⺆ว⸘
16 න૏㧔Ꮏቇㇱߪ 12 න૏㧕એ਄ߣ‫ޔ‬૕⢒ߩ⻠⟵࡮ታᛛฦ 2 න૏એ਄ߩጁୃ߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ

- 24 -⴫  ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޠ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߣߩጁୃන૏Ყセ⴫ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱᢥ⑼♽‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ޠ‬ᢥ⑼♽࡮ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ࡩ࿖⺆࡮ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡩ࿖⺆㧔=13 න૏ߣ⸘▚㧕

࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄㧖ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇว⸘ߢ 10 ⑼⋡એ਄㧖ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇว⸘ߢ 10 ⑼⋡એ਄㧔ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ࡩ࿖⺆฽߻㧕㧔ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡩ࿖⺆ࠍ฽߻㧕㧖ว⸘ 40 න૏એ਄㧔1 ⑼⋡ 4 න૏ࠍේೣߣߔࠆ㧕 ࡮૕⢒ 3 න૏એ਄㧖ว⸘ 52 න૏એ਄㧔1 ⑼⋡ 4 න૏ࠍේೣߣߔࠆ㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱℂ⑼♽㧔කቇㇱࠍ㒰ߊ㧕‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ޠ‬ℂ⑼♽࡮ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ࡩ࿖⺆࡮ᄖ࿖⺆ 2 ࡩ࿖⺆㧔=11 න૏ߣ⸘▚㧕

࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮ᢙቇ㧔=10 න૏ߣ⸘▚㧕

࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄㧖ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇว⸘ߢ 9 ⑼⋡એ਄࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ 2 ⑼⋡એ਄㧔ᄖ࿖⺆ 1 ࡩ࿖⺆ࠍ฽߻㧕㧖ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇว⸘ߢ 9 ⑼⋡એ਄㧖ว⸘ 36 න૏એ਄㧔1 ⑼⋡ 4 න૏ࠍේೣߣߔࠆ㧕㧔ߘߩන૏ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ฽߻ੱᢥ⑼ቇ 13 න૏એ਄‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ 4 න૏એ਄‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ 20 න૏એ਄㧕࡮૕⢒ 3 න૏એ਄㧖ว⸘ 46 න૏એ਄㧔1 ⑼⋡ 4 න૏ࠍේೣߣߔࠆ㧕㧔ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ੖චᐕผ ㇱዪผੑ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ‫ޔ‬1989 ᐕ‫ޔ‬220 ࡍ࡯ࠫࠍ߽ߣߦ૞⴫‫ޕ‬㧕㧔කቇㇱߪ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽೉ࠍᢙቇ 4‫‛ޔ‬ℂ 5‫ ‛↢ޔ‬5 න૏ߩว⸘ 19 න૏ߣᜰቯߒߚએᄖߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ 12 න૏ࠍ฽߼‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇㇱߣหߓ㧕‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬Ꮏቇㇱߩߺߪ‫ޟ‬ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ੱޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ♽೉ߩ 4 න૏ࠍᄖ࿖⺆ߩන૏ߢ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ♽೉ߩ 4 න૏ࠍቇㇱߩ␠ળ⑼ቇ♽ߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡㧔Ꮏᬺ⚻ᷣ‫ޔ‬Ꮏ႐⚻༡㧕ߩන૏ߢ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᝄࠅᦧ߃ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚ16‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߺߡߊࠆߣ‫ޔ‬කቇㇱ߅ࠃ߮Ꮏቇㇱࠍ㒰޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߪᣂߒ
޿ᄢቇၮḰߦᴪߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ታߪฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޟ‬೎⴫஻⠨‫ߦ߆ߥߩޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ෸߮␠ળ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣߪ‫ޔ‬1 ㅳ 2 ᤨ㑆 1 ᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣℂ⸃♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣߪ‫ޔ‬1 ㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆 1 ᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁ᢥᦠ߇ᷝ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰදળ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߩ೎⴫஻⠨ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߦޠ‬㆑෻ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇ߥߐࠇߚ17‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᄢቇၮḰߢߪ‫ੱޟ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ‫ޠ‬‫␠ޟ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫ޠ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫ߩޠ‬ਃ♽೉ࠍᢥ⑼♽࡮ℂ⑼♽ߩ඙೎ߥߊḩㆉߥߊጁୃ
ߐߖࠆߎߣߚ߼ߦᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ߣℂ⑼♽ߩන૏ߩ▚಴ᣇᴺࠍᄌᦝߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ቇౝភ⟎‫ޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ኾ㐷⺖⒟ߦߟߥ߇ࠆᢎ⢒㧔ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⑼ቇߩ

- 25 -

⻠⟵㧕߇ᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ18‫ޕ‬2 㜞ᐲ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ᦼߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔1952㧙1962㧕㧔㧕ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߩୃᱜߣࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
1952㧔ᤘ๺ 27㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞ߇ᑄᩞߦߥࠆߩࠍᯏߦ‫ޔ‬ጟፒ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞࠍᲣ૕ߣߒߚ‫⼾ޟ‬Ꮉಽᩞ‫౎╙ޔߪޠ‬㜞╬ቇᩞࠍᲣ૕ߣߒߚ‫ޟ‬ℰⓄಽᩞ‫⛔ߦޠ‬วߐࠇࠆߎߣ
ߣߥߞߚ‫ޟߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔࠄ߆߈ߣߩߎޕ‬ಽᩞ‫ޟࠍޠ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ಽᩞਥ੐ࠍ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳‫ߣޠ‬ᱜ
ᑼߦ๭⒓ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ19‫ޕ‬ਔಽᩞ߇⛔วߐࠇࠆ 1 ߆᦬೨ߩ 1952 ᐕ 3 ᦬‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇද⼏ળߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߩ‫ޟ‬೎⴫஻⠨‫ߩޠ‬೥㒰ࠍ᳿ቯߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ෸߮␠ળ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣߪ‫ޔ‬1 ㅳ 2 ᤨ㑆 1 ᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ⑼ቇߩ⻠⟵ߣߪ‫ޔ‬1 ㅳ 1 ᤨ
㑆 1 ᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ߩߣޠ‬㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱౝⷙ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ᱷߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬1952
㧔ᤘ๺ 27㧕ᐕᐲߩ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇቇ↢ଢⷩ‫ޟߩ߆ߥߩޢ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ߪޠ‬ᄢቇၮḰߦᴪߞߚⷙቯߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬೎ౠሶߩ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ߪ⟵⻠ޟߪߢޢ‬Ფㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆
1 ቇᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߪੱᢥ⑼ቇߣ␠ળ⑼ቇߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߪ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬1 න૏ߦߟ߈ᦝߦᲤㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆ߩ⻠⟵ࠍฃߌߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޠ‬20ߣ޿߁⴫⸥߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕᐲߦ߽ห᭽ߩᣇ㊎߇ណࠄࠇߚ21‫ޕ‬
1952㧔ᤘ๺ 27㧕ᐕ 8 ᦬ߩᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળ22ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳ᚭ⧛ㄭᄥ㇢㧔છᦼ 1952㧔ᤘ๺ 27㧕
ᐕ 5 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧙1954㧔ᤘ๺ 29㧕ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧕ߩឭ᩺ߢ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ㐳ળߩ᭴ᚑຬߦࠃߞߡ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ࿷ࠅᣇ⎇ⓥળ‫߇ߣߎࠆߔ❱⚵ࠍޠ‬᳿ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห⎇ⓥળߪ‫ޔ‬1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕߩ 2
᦬߆ࠄ 3 ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡ 3 ᐲ㐿௅ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1 ᤨ㑆 15 ㅳࠍ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ໧㗴߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᐕᐲౝߦߪ⚿⺰߇ߢߕ‫ ߦࠄߐޔ‬1 ᐕ㑆ߩᬌ⸛ࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕ 8 ᦬ߩ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ࿷ࠅᣇ⎇ⓥળ‫ޔߡ޿߅ߦޠ‬1 ᤨ㑆 1 න૏ߢᢥ⑼♽ߣℂ⑼♽೎‫ߩޘ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ᩺߇૞ᚑߐࠇ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 12 ᦬ߩᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળ߅ࠃ߮⹏⼏ળߢේ᩺ߤ߅ࠅᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ฃߌ‫ޔ‬1954 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߩᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળ߅ࠃ߮⹏⼏ળߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱⷙ⒟ߩᡷᱜ߽ᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ ⴫ޕ‬2 ߦ␜ߔߩ߇‫ޔ‬1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕᐲ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ ߮ࠃ߅ޢ‬1954㧔ᤘ๺ 29㧕ᐕᐲ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇୃ⸃⺑‫ޢ‬න૏ߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⴫ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޡ‬29 ᐕᐲᢎ㙃ㇱቇୃ⸃⺑‫ޟࠄ߆ޢ‬᥉ㅢߩ⻠⟵ߪ⻠⟵ 1 ᤨ㑆ߦኻߒߡᢎቶᄖߩḰ஻෶ߪቇ⠌ 2 ᤨ㑆ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ⸘▚ߢ‫ޔ‬Ფㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆‫ޔ‬15 ㅳߩ⻠⟵ࠍ߽ߞߡ 1න૏ߣߔࠆ‫⸥ߣޠ‬ㅀߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ߩ඙೎ߥߊ 1 ᤨ㑆 15 ㅳࠍ 1 න૏ߣߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰߦᴪߞߚන૏ၮḰߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ23‫ޕ‬- 26 -⴫  න૏ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸃⺑ߩᲧセ⴫
1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕᐲ

1954㧔ᤘ๺ 1129㧕ᐕᐲ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ޢ‬‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇୃ⸃⺑‫ޢ‬㧖න૏㧖ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߣන૏ߣߩ㑐ଥߪਅߩᅤߊߢ

㧔1㧕න૏ߪߔߴߡㅳ 3 ᤨ㑆 15 ㅳߩቇ⠌ࠍ߽ߞߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡએਅߦ␜ߔ᝼ᬺᤨᢙߩ

㧔1㧕᥉ㅢߩ⻠⟵ߪ⻠⟵ 1 ᤨ㑆ߦኻߒߡᢎቶᄖߩḰᱷࠅߩᤨᢙߪ‫੍ޔ‬⠌‫ޔ‬ᓳ⠌ߦ޽ߡߥߌࠇ߫ߥ

஻෶ߪቇ⠌ 2 ᤨ㑆ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ⸘▚ߢ‫ޔ‬Ფㅳࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬

1 ᤨ໧‫ޔ‬15 ㅳߩ⻠⟵ࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔2㧕⻠⟵ߪᲤㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆 1 ቇᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔ

㧔2㧕Ṷ⠌ߪᢎቶߦᣈߌࠆ 2 ᤨ㑆ߩ᝼ᬺߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߪੱᢥ⑼ቇߣ␠ળ⑼ቇ

⥄ቇ⥄⠌ 1 ᤨ㑆ࠍⷐߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬15 ㅳߩߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߪ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬⻠⟵ࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆߽ߎࠇߦ

1 න૏ߦߟ߈ᦝߦᲤㅳ 1 ᤨ㑆ߩ⻠⟵ࠍฃߌߥߪ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕ታ㛎ቶߦᣈߌࠆ᝼ᬺ෸߮㊁ᄖߩታ⠌ߪᲤㅳ 3ߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕ᄖ࿖⺆ߪᲤㅳ 2 ᤨ㑆 1 ቇᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤨ㑆‫ޔ‬15 ㅳࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫⵾ޕ‬࿑‫ޔ‬૕⢒ߩታᛛ߽ߎࠇߦߪ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔4㧕ታ⠌‫⵾ޔ‬࿑‫ޔ‬෸߮૕⢒ߩታᛛߪᲤㅳ 3 ᤨ㑆 1ቇᦼࠍ߽ߞߡ 1 න૏ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ⷐߔࠆߦ 1 ⑼⋡ߦߟ߈ 3 ᤨ㑆ߩቇ⠌ᵴേࠍߥߔߎߣ߇ේೣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕᐲ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ ߮ࠃ߅ޢ‬1954㧔ᤘ๺ 29㧕ᐕᐲ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇୃ⸃⺑‫ࠅࠃޢ‬૞⴫㧕㧔㧕ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩ೙ቯߣၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩዉ౉ 1956㧔ᤘ๺ 31㧕ᐕ 10 ᦬‫ޔ‬ᢥㇱ⋭ߪᄢቇၮḰදળߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫ߦޠ‬ઍࠊߞߡ‫⋭ޔ‬઎ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰ‫ࠍޠ‬೙ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬หၮḰߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡೙ᐲ24߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚ25‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᛛ⢻ߩᢎ⢒ࠍਥߣߔࠆቇㇱߩ႐ว‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ߁ߜ 8 න૏߹ߢࠍၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩන૏ߢઍᦧߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣቯ߼ߚ‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ‬1 ⥸ᢎ⢒⑼
⋡ 36 න૏ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬8 න૏߇ၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡26ߩන૏ߦᝄࠅᦧ߃ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ࠄߐޕ‬ߦ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ਃ♽೉ߩ߁ߜ‫♽৻ޔ‬೉ 12 න૏ߩ߁ߜߩ 8 න૏ࠍኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡߳ઍᦧߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚ‫ޟߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᄢቇၮḰ‫⥸৻ޔߪߢޠ‬ᢎ⢒߇ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮
⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ♽೉ဋ╬ጁୃߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰ‫ߩߘߪߢޠ‬ጁୃߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
߇፣ࠇ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼⋡ࠍ㓸ਛ⊛ߦጁୃߔࠆࠃ߁ଦߔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥጁୃ᧦ઙߩᄌᦝߪ‫ޔ‬ᚢᓟᄢቇผ⎇ⓥߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ27‫ޔ‬1950 ᐕઍೋ㗡߆ࠄ 1950 ᐕઍߥ߆߫೨ᓟߦ߆ߌߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩౣᬌ⸛ࠍ߽ߣ߼ࠆᗧ⷗߇‫ޔ‬᡽⇇࡮↥ᬺ⇇޽ࠆ޿ߪቇౝߩℂᎿ♽ߩቇㇱ߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ28‫ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ᗧ⷗ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇജૐਅ‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ኾ㐷⍮⼂ߩૐਅࠍᘷ߁┙႐߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߩᒝൻࠍⷐᦸߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 27 -

3 ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩᴺ೙ൻߣ⍦⋫ߩ㗼࿷ൻ㧔1963㧙1969㧕㧔㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩᴺ೙ൻ
1962㧔ᤘ๺ 37㧕ᐕ 3 ᦬‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇදળߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߪ‫ޡ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ‫߁޿ߣޢ‬ႎ๔ᦠࠍ⊒ⴕߒߚ‫⥸৻ޟߢ߆ߥߩߘޕ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍᔀᐩߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫▤ߩߘޔ‬ℂ࡮
ㆇ༡ߩ⚵❱ࠍ⏕┙ߒ‫⽿ޔ‬છߩᚲ࿷ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔߒ⸥ߣޠ‬‫ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇ቇㇱߦḰߕࠆಣㆄࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆㇱዪߣߒߡ೙ᐲ਄ᱜᑼߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍⷐᦸߒߚ
޿‫ࠆߔߣޠ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᴺ೙ൻࠍଦㅴߔࠆឭ⸒ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬1963㧔ᤘ๺ 38㧕ᐕ 1 ᦬ 28 ᣣߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛᄩᢎ⢒ክ⼏ળ߇‫ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩᡷༀߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ↳╵߁޿ߣޠ‬಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ห╵↳ߩߥ߆ߩ‫ޟ‬Τᄢቇ⸳⟎߅ࠃ߮⚵❱✬ᚑߩ㧔2㧕ᢎ㙃⺖⒟ߩᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㗄⋡ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ฦᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ৻᭽ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬዁᧪߽↹৻⊛ߥ⚵❱ߣߔࠆߎߣߪㆡᒰߢߪߥ޿‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᄙߊߩቇㇱࠍ᦭ߔࠆᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ࠍലᨐ⊛ߦⴕ߁ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ⽿છ⠪ࠍ⟎߈‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰᢎຬߩ㑆ߩㅪ⛊දജࠍኒߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩᯏ㑐ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߥߤ‫⥄ޔ‬ਥᕈߣ⽿છࠍ߽ߟ⚵❱ࠍ⟎ߊߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ࠍᢎ㙃ㇱߣߒߡ೙ᐲ⊛ߦ⹺߼߁ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕߚߒ⸥ߣޠ‬1963㧔ᤘ๺ 38㧕ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ‫ޔ‬࿖┙ቇᩞ⸳⟎ᴺᡷᱜ᩺㧔ᴺᓞ╙ 69 ภ㧕ߦࠃࠅ‫╙ޔ‬ੑ┨࿖┙ᄢቇߩ╙ਃ᧦ߦ‫ޟ‬ᢥㇱ⋭઎ߢቯ߼ࠆᢙ୘ߩᄢቇࠍ⟎ߊ࿖┙ᄢቇߦ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ
৻⥸ᢎ㙃ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍ৻᜝ߒߡⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩ⚵❱ߣߒߡᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ⟎ߊ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㗄⋡߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬੩ㇺᄢቇ‫਻ޔ‬Ꮊᄢቇ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬1963 ᐕ㧔ᤘ๺ 38㧕
3 ᦬ 31 ᣣઃߌߢᢎ㙃ㇱ߇ᴺ೙ൻߐࠇߚ29‫ޕ‬࿖┙ቇᩞ⸳⟎ᴺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ‫ޟ‬ฦቇㇱߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ৻⥸ᢎ㙃ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍ৻᜝ߒߡⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩ⚵❱‫ߣޠ‬ቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱ⸳⟎⸘↹ᦠߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㜞ᐲߩቇⴚ⎇ⓥ෸߮㜞޿ኾ㐷⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦᔅⷐߥ৻⥸ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒෸߮଻ஜ૕⢒ߩᢎ㙃⺖⒟ࠍᣉߔߣ౒ߦఝࠇߚቇ໧⊛ⅣႺߩ߽ߣߦੱ㑆ᒻᚑߩታࠍ᜼ߍࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޠ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߣᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᒰᤨߩฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⁁ᴫࠍ‫ޟ‬ℂᔨ⊛ߦߪ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߣ೨ᦼ⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߩ౗છᜂᒰㇱዪߩሽ࿷ࠍ౏⹺ߒ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ⊛ߦߪḰቇㇱ⊛ߥ⚵❱ࠍ౏⹺ߔࠆߣ޿߁⍦⋫ࠍౝ൮ߒߚᣂ೙ᐲߩ⊒⿷ࠍᗧ๧ߒߚ‫̖̖ޕ‬೨ᦼ⺖⒟ߢታᣉߐࠇࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠍ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ࠃࠅ৻Ბਅߩᢎ⢒ߣ⷗ߥߔᢎ⢒ⷰ߿೨ᦼ⺖⒟ߩ⽿છㇱዪߢ޽ࠆᢎ㙃ㇱࠍቇㇱߩਅㇱᯏ㑐ߣ⷗ߥߔ೙ᐲⷰࠍ࿕ቯߐߖߚ‫ߚ޿߽ߩ߽ߚߒ⹏ߣޠ‬30‫ޕ‬ቇ⑼⋡ߪ 1964㧔ᤘ๺ 39㧕ᐕ 2 ᦬ 5 ᣣߦ⋭઎ߢ౏Ꮣߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦߪ‫ޔ‬20 ቇ⑼⋡߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ㧔⴫ 3 ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ⍦⋫ߩ㗼࿷ൻᢎ㙃ㇱᴺ೙ൻߦ޽ࠊߖࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒߿ㆇ༡ߩᡷༀ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߢ߽ᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߩ⊒ዷ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߚ߇‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬⍦⋫߇㗼࿷ൻߒᆎ߼ߚ‫ޔߦ৻╙ޕ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌ
ࠆᢎ㙃ㇱߩ૏⟎ߠߌ‫╙ޔ‬ੑߦቇ↢ᢙߩჇടߦߚ޿ߔࠆኻᔕ‫╙ޔ‬ਃߦᄢቇ⚗੎ߢ޽ࠆ31‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ฦቇㇱߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ⒟‫ߦޠ‬- 28 -⴫  㧔ᤘ๺ 㧕ᐕߦฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚቇ⑼⋡৻ⷩᢎ㙃ㇱቇ⑼⋡
ੱᢥ⑼ቇ

ືቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫ޔ‬ᱧผቇ‫ޔ‬ᢥቇ

␠ળ⑼ቇ

ᴺቇ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦቇ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળᕁᗐผ‫ޔ‬࿾ℂቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ

ᢙቇ‫‛ޔ‬ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‫ޔ‬࿾ቇ‫‛↢ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿑ቇᄖ࿖⺆⧷⺆‫⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬

଻ஜ૕⢒

଻ஜ૕⢒

㧔ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ 50 ᐕผ ㇱዪผ 2‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ‫ޔ‬1989 ᐕ‫ޔ‬261 ࡍ࡯ࠫࠃࠅ૞⴫‫ޕ‬㧕ᓥߞߡㆇ༡ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳߽ᢎ᝼ળ߽ߎߩⷙ⒟ߦၮߠ޿ߡᛚ⹺ߐࠇࠆሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎ⢒ᣇ㊎߿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ޽ࠆ޿ߪቇ↢ቯຬߦߟ޿ߡߩክ⼏ߪቇㇱߣᢎ㙃ㇱߣߩ㑐ㅪ੐㗄ߣߒߡᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળ߇ክ⼏ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚቇ↢ቯຬࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⑼ᣂ⸳߿⻠ᐳᣂ⸳‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቇㇱߩ᜛లᡷ⚵ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1965㧔ᤘ๺ 40㧕ᐕᐲߦߪᤘ๺ 24 ᐕᐲߩ⚂ 2 ୚32ߢ޽ࠆ 1405 ฬ߹ߢߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬1965㧔ᤘ๺ 40㧕ᐕᐲߩᢎຬᢙߪ 140 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ቇ↢ᢙ߅ࠃ߮ᢎຬ
ᢙߩ⁁ᴫߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߦ␜ߔ 50 ฬන૏ߩ᝼ᬺࠍਇน⢻ߣߒߚ33‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ᢙߩჇടߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸߔࠆ᝼ᬺ߇ጁୃߢ߈ߥ޿ቇ↢߽಴ߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦߪ‫ޔ‬1968㧔ᤘ๺ 43㧕ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫࠭ࠗ࡜ࡊ࡯࠲ࡦࠛޔ‬૒਎଻ነ᷼෻ኻߩࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࠠ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 4 ᦬ߦߪᢎ㙃ㇱߩቇ↢߇ฬฎደᏒౝߩ࠺ࡕⴕㅴߦ㑐
ଥߒߡ⼊ኤߦㅱ᝝ߐࠇࠆ੐ઙ߇⊒↢ߒߚࠅ34‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߽⚗੎ߩᵄ߇᛼ߒነߖߚ‫ߐޕ‬߹ߑ߹ߥ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡቇ↢ᄢળ߿࠺ࡕ߿ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࠠ߇ⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߢߪߘߩߎࠈߩ਎⋧ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ߇㕒߆ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆ㔓࿐᳇߇߹ߞߚߊᄬࠊࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ35‫ޕ‬4 ᄢቇ⚗੎ᓟߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟㧔1970㧙1988㧕
 㧔ᤘ๺ 㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᚑ┙
1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔ㅢ⒓ 46 ࠞ࡝37㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⚗੎ࠍᄾᯏ38ߦ‫߹ࠇߘޔ‬ߢߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⷗⋥ߒ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦ↢߆ߔߴߊขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ⚿ᨐߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ39‫ޕ‬1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨᒻ㜈ൻ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠍᵴᕈൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬‫⥄ޟ‬ਥ⻠ᐳ‫߿⟎⸳ߩޠ‬ᵴ⊒ߥ⺖㗴ᵴേߩߚ߼ߩ೙ᐲ⊛଻㓚ࠍⷐ᳞ߒߚᒰ
ᤨߩቇ↢ߩേะࠍ߽⠨ᘦߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒ᕈߣⓍᭂᕈߥീቇᗧ᰼ࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦዅ㊀ߒ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬߹ߚߘࠇࠍᦼᓙߔࠆᣇะߢ࿑ࠈ߁ߣ⹜ߺࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ40‫ޕ‬1970㧔ᤘ๺ 45㧕ᐕߩᢎቭળ⼏ߢ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬46 ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ૞ᚑᆔຬળ‫߇⟎⸳ߩޠ‬᳿߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢໧㗴ᆔຬળ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળࠃࠅฦ 2 ฬߕߟ‫ޔ‬ฦ♽೉㧔ੱᢥ‫␠ޔ‬ળ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆‫଻߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ஜ૕⢒㧕߆ࠄ 1 ฬߕߟㆬ಴ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ว⸘- 29 -⴫  ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮කቇㅴቇ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡୃᓧߔߴ߈න૏ᢙ㧔 ᐕᐲ౉ቇ↢↪㧕
ᢥቇㇱ

ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ

ᴺቇㇱ

⚻ᷣቇㇱ

ℂቇㇱ

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏

ੱᢥ⑼ቇ

Ꮏቇㇱ

ㄘቇㇱ

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏කቇㅴቇㆊ⒟3 ⑼⋡એ਄
⸘ 12 න૏
એ਄㧔ືቇ‫ޔ‬ผቇ‫ޔ‬ᢥቇߩಽ㊁ߩ⑼⋡ࠍฦ 2 න૏એ਄ࠍ฽߻ߎߣ㧕
␠ળ⑼ቇ

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏એ਄3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏એ਄

⥄ὼ⑼ቇ

ᄖ࿖⺆

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ 3 ⑼⋡એ਄
3 ⑼⋡એ਄
⸘ 14 න૏ ⸘ 12 න૏⸘ 8 න૏એ਄
એ਄
㧔3 ᐕᰴߦ 4 න૏ጁୃ㧕3 ᄖ࿖⺆
⸘ 20 න૏એ਄

3 ⑼⋡એ਄
⸘ 12 න૏
એ਄ᢙቇ‫‛ޔ‬ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‫ޔ‬࿾ቇ‫‛↢ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿑ቇߦߟ޿ߡฦ
ቇㇱߏߣߦ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߏߣߩጁୃන૏ᢙࠍᜰቯ

2 ᄖ࿖⺆ ⸘ 20 න૏એ਄⸘ 27.5න૏⸘ 27.5න૏એ਄2 ᄖ࿖⺆
⸘ 16 න૏

2 ᄖ࿖⺆
⸘ 14 න૏
એ਄㧔3 ᐕ
ᰴߦ 2 න૏
ጁୃ㧕

⸘ 30 න૏

⸘ 34 න૏
એ਄
2 ᄖ࿖⺆
⸘ 16 න૏એ਄
࡜࠹ࡦ⺆
1 න૏

㧔ฦቇㇱߏߣߦ‫ߺ⚵ߩࠇߙࠇߘ⺆ࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ⺆⧷ޔ‬วࠊߖ߿ጁୃන૏ᢙࠍᜰቯ㧕
4 න૏

଻ஜ૕⢒
60 න૏એ਄

ว⸘

62 න૏
એ਄

71.5 න૏

65.5 න૏
એ਄

68 න૏
એ਄

79 න૏એ਄

㧔ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ 50 ᐕผ ㇱዪผ 2‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ‫ޔ‬1989 ᐕ‫ޔ‬278 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕

11 ฬߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇᳿߹ߞߚ41‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩⷐ᳞߿ᗧ⷗߽ណࠅ౉ࠇߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ42‫ߩߘޕ‬㛽ሶߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧔1㧕ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰࠍ਄࿁ࠆᒻߢⷐ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ߚቇㇱㅴቇන૏㧔⴫ 4 ෳᾖ㧕ࠍ⸳⟎ၮḰߤ߅ࠅ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ਃ♽೉ฦ 12 න૏એ਄⸘ 36 න૏એ਄‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ 8 න૏એ਄‫ޔ‬଻ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡ 4 න૏એ਄‫ ⸘ޔ‬48 න૏એ਄㧔කቇㅴቇ⺖⒟ߪ 64 න૏એ਄㧕ߣߒߚߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔⴫ 5 ෳᾖ㧕
㧔2㧕ߘࠇએᄖߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ᢙࠍᭂജዋߥߊߒߡቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒⊛ߥቇୃࠍᦼᓙߒߚߎߣ㧔ߎࠇߦ਄ਸ਼ߖߐࠇߚᔅୃන૏ߪᢥቇㇱ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇㇱߩᄖ࿖⺆ 8 න૏‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇㇱߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ 12 න૏㧕‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕⑼⋡ߩ⥄↱ㆬᛯᕈࠍᦨᄢ㒢଻㓚ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇᐕ߿ᢥℂ೎ߩฃ⻠ᜰቯࠍၮᧄ⊛ߦߥߊߒߚߎ
ߣ㧔ࠢ࡜ࠬන૏ߢߩቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ᵴേߦၮ⋚ࠍਈ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ୃᧂޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߣℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߩᢙቇߦߟ޿ߡߪ㐿⻠ᤨ㒢ߣࠢ࡜ࠬࠍᜰቯ೙ߦߒߚ㧕‫ޕ‬
㧔4㧕ቇㇱߩഀࠅㄟߺ᝼ᬺ߽น⢻ߥ߆߉ࠅᷫࠄߒ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍ㓸ਛߒߡቇ߱᧦ઙࠍߟߊࠆ
ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬㊄ᦐᣣߩඦᓟߩ᝼ᬺࠍోᑄߒߡቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ᵴേߦᤨ㑆⊛଻㓚ࠍਈ߃ߚߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧔5㧕ࡑࠬࡊࡠᢎ⢒ߩᑷኂࠍᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽ᤚᱜߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߩ⸅⊒ߣീቇᗧ᰼ߩะ
਄ߦ⾗ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥቇ⑼ߢᣂߚߦ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯᝼ᬺ㧔ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ਄ߪ‫ޟ‬Ṷ⠌‫ޠ‬㧕

- 30 -⴫  ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮කቇㅴቇ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡୃᓧߔߴ߈න૏ᢙ㧔 ᐕᐲ౉ቇ↢↪㧕
ᢥቇㇱ

ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ

ᴺቇㇱ

⚻ᷣቇㇱ

ℂቇㇱ

Ꮏቇㇱ

ੱᢥ⑼ቇ

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏

␠ળ⑼ቇ

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏
3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 12 න૏એ਄

⥄ὼ⑼ቇ

ᄖ࿖⺆

2 ᄖ࿖⺆
ฦ 8 න૏એ਄
⸘ 16 න૏એ਄

1 ᄖ࿖⺆
8 න૏
એ਄

2 ᄖ࿖⺆
ฦ 8 න૏
એ਄
⸘ 16 න૏
એ਄

଻
ஜ

⻠
⟵

2 න૏એ਄૕⢒ታᛛ

2 න૏એ਄

ว⸘

56 න૏
એ਄

48 න૏એ਄

56 න૏
એ਄

ㄘቇㇱ

කቇㅴቇ
ㆊ⒟

3 ⑼⋡એ਄ ⸘ 24 න૏ᢙቇ‫‛ޔ‬ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‫ޔ‬࿾ቇ‫ޔ‬↢‛ቇߩන૏
ᢙᜰቯ
⸘ 32 න૏એ਄

1 ᄖ࿖⺆ 8 න૏એ਄⧷⺆ 8 න૏એ
਄߅ࠃ߮࠼ࠗ
࠷⺆߹ߚߪࡈ
࡜ࡦࠬ⺆ 8 න૏એ਄⸘ 16 න૏એ਄

60 න૏એ਄

76 න૏એ਄

ࠍ⸳ߌߚߎߣ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒ᕈߣⓍᭂ⊛ߥീቇᗧ᰼
ࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦዅ㊀ߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ኻߔࠆᒝ޿ᦼᓙࠍ೨ឭߦቇㇱㅴቇන૏ࠍ⸳⟎ၮḰߤ߅ࠅߦㄭߠ
ߌߚߎߣ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄↱ጁୃࠍᦨᄢ㒢଻⸽ߒߚߎߣߦ․ᓽ߇޽ߞߚ43‫ޕ‬㧔㧕✚ว⑼⋡ߩ㐿⸳
1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒ᕈߣⓍᭂᕈߥീቇᗧ᰼ࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦዅ㊀ߒ‫ᦼࠍࠇߘߚ߹ߟ߆ޔ‬ᓙߔࠆߣߩℂᔨࠍឝߍߡ޿ߚߩߢ‫゠ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㆏ߦߩߖࠆߴߊ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺౝኈ࡮᝼ᬺᒻᘒߩᡷༀߦ߽ขࠅ⚵߻ᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚ44‫ޕ‬1973㧔ᤘ๺ 48㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚ
✚ว⑼⋡ߩ㐿⻠߽ 1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓታᣉᣇ㊎ᴪߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ45‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ✚ว⑼⋡Ḱ஻ᆔຬળߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬㐿⸳ߦవ┙ߞߡ‫✚ޔ‬ว⑼⋡ߩࠁߊ߃ߦ
ߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫✚ޟ‬ว⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ቇ໧ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߳ߩ৻ߟߩ⹜ߺߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ౝኈ࡮ᣇᴺߣ߽ߦ⊕⚕ߦ╬ߒߊ‫ޔ‬ᢎቭ࡮ቇ↢߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ┙႐ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒࡮ቇ⠌ߩේὐߦ┙ߜ㄰ߞߡ‫ⴕ⹜ߦ᠄⌀ޔ‬㍲⺋
ࠍ㊀ߨߥ߇ࠄ⢒ᚑߔߴ߈ᕈ⾰ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻̖̖ޕ‬࿷ߩᄢቇ߹ߚߪᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁೙ᐲ࡮᧦
ઙߩਛߢ✚ว⑼⋡ࠍታᣉߔࠆߦߪ‫ߡߞ߽ߕ߹ޔ‬ᜂᒰᢎቭߩ⋧ᒰߥ⽶ᜂჇࠍ೨ឭߣߒߥߌࠇ
߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߩ߇ታᖱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍᮨ⚝ߔࠆᢎቭߩ⧰㑵߽‫⌀ޔ‬ታࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⧯޿ቇ↢⻉ำߩ߭ߚ߻߈ߥᖱᾲߣദജߦߢ޽߁ߣ߈‫ޔ‬૗ጀ୚ߦ߽ߥߞߡ㄰ߞߡߊ
ࠆ߽ߩߣ⑳ߚߜߪାߓߡ⇼ࠊߥ޿䇹46- 31 -

ਇ቟ߩߥ߆ߦ߽ᄢ߈ߥᦼᓙࠍᛴ޿ߡߩ಴⊒ߢ޽ߞߚ47‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ✚ว⑼⋡ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬㊀ὐߩ⟎߈ߤߎࠈߦࠃߞߡ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ✚ว‫␠ޔ‬ળ✚ว‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ✚วߦಽ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬න૏ߪߘࠇߙࠇੱ
ᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ♽೉ߩන૏ߣߒߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆᣇᑼࠍߣߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ฦ♽೉ߢㅴቇන૏ߣߒߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆන૏ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬4 න૏߹ߢߣߩ㒢ቯ߇ട߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᜂᒰߦߟ޿
ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ቇౝઁㇱዪߩᢎቭߩදജߣ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡቇᄖ߆ࠄߩᔕេ߽ᓧߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬‫✚ޟ‬ว⑼⋡ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㆇ↪ߩ઀ᣇߒߛ޿ߢߪ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ߏߣߦ⚦ಽൻߐࠇߚࡃ࡜ࡃ࡜ߩ⻠⟵ߩ‫ޡ‬㓸ว‫ޔߊߥ߆ߒߢ⋡⑼ޢ‬‫✚ޡ‬วൻ‫ߪޢ‬ቇ↢⥄りߦછߐࠇ߇ߜߣߥࠅ߿ߔ޿‫✚ޔ‬ว⑼⋡߇ㆡᱜߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩߥ߆ߢᦨㆡᤨߦ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⥄りߩਥ૕⊛ߥ✚วൻࠍᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁㕙߇ߢߡߊࠆߩߢ‫⥸৻ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷⑼⋡ߣࠍ᦭ᯏ⊛ߦㅪଥߐߖߡ
ߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩਛߦ✚ว⑼⋡ࠍㆡᱜߦ૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߦߥࠆ䇹48ߣߐࠇ‫✚ޔ‬ว
⑼⋡ߩ㐿⸳ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߦኻߒߡ⢐ቯ⊛ߥ┙႐߇ߣࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩᬌ⸛྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒߳ߩᜰะߪ‫ ߦߢߔޔ‬1970㧔ᤘ๺ 45㧕ᐕߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚฬฎደᄢቇᡷ㕟⹜᩺⎇ⓥᆔຬળߦࠃࠆႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡߥߐࠇߡ޿ߚ49‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߪ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡⴕࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ฦ⥄߇ኾ㐷ߩቇ⠌ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒߇ቯ⌕ߔࠆࠃ߁‫ޔ‬࿷ቇਛߩోᦼ㑆㧔4 ᐕߥ޿ߒ 6 ᐕ㧕‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ᓟඨߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߡ߅ߎߥࠊࠇࠆ
ߩ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޟߦࠄߐޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩᜂᒰᢎቭߪ࿕ቯߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥߊ‫ోޔ‬ቇߩᢎቭ߇⽿છࠍ⽶߁ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫߇ߣߎޠ‬ឭ⸒ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᡷ㕟⹜᩺⎇ⓥᆔຬળߩ⸛⼏ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬1972㧔ᤘ๺ 47㧕ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦ‫ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆᄢቇ໧㗴ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫✚߇ޠ‬㐳ߩਅߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇ50‫ޔ‬
2 ᐕ㑆ߩክ⼏ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬1974㧔ᤘ๺ 49㧕9 ᦬ߦ╵↳‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߩᡷ㕟ߦߟ޿ߡ‫߇ޠ‬಴ߐ
ࠇߚ51‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬1975㧔ᤘ๺ 50㧕ᐕߦߪ‫✚ޔ‬㐳ߩਅߦ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ52‫ޠ‬߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ53‫ޟޕ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫࡮⊛⋡ߩޠ‬છോߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆᄢቇ໧㗴ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫ߦ↳╵ߩޠ‬ᴪߞߡ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩౕ૕ൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬2 ᐕඨߩክ⼏ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬1977㧔ᤘ๺ 52㧕ᐕߦ╵↳ࠍឭ಴ߒߚ‫⥸৻ޔߪ↳╵ޕ‬ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߪ᦭ᯏ⊛ㅪଥࠍ߽ߞߡ߭ߣߟߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪߇྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ⸘↹ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߒ‫ޔ‬4 ᐕ㑆ߩㆡᱜߥᤨᦼߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍ㈩⟎ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ࠍૐᐕᰴ߆ࠄ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡ‫ޔ‬ᐕᰴ߇ㅴ߻
ߦߟࠇߡ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡߇㊂⊛ߦᷫዋߒ‫ޔ‬ㅒߦኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᣇᴺࠍ
ឭ␜ߒߚ54‫ޟߪ↳╵ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆฦ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩ࿷ࠅᣇ‫߽ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥឭ⸒ࠍⴕߞߚ55‫ޕ‬
㧔1㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬න৻⑼⋡ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ోޔ‬ቇߩදജࠍᓧߡⴕࠊࠇࠆ✚ว⑼⋡ࠍ 6 ߆ࠄ 8 න૏⒟ᐲ⸳ߌࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬න৻⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍផㅴߒ‫ޔ‬㕖ኾ᡹ߩኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩਛߢౝኈ⊛ߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿߽ߩߪߎࠇࠍ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩන૏ߣߒߡ
⹺ቯߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
㧔2㧕ᓥ᧪ߣߊߦℂ♽ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩਛߦᷙ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚၮ␆ᢎ⢒⊛ߥ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ

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ㇱߏߣߩኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ߥࠄ߮ߦቇㇱ㑆ߩ౒ㅢၮ␆⑼⋡ߣߒߡ‫⥸৻ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡߆ࠄಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
㧔3㧕ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ 1 ߟߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ૐቇᐕᰴะߌߦࡊ࡟࡮࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍ㐿⸳ߔߴ߈ߎߣ‫ޕ‬
㧔4㧕ᄖ࿖⺆ߪዋߥߊߣ߽ 2 ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍጁୃߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦᤨ㑆ഀࠍ✬ᚑߔࠆߎߣ‫޽ߢߤߥޔ‬ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ╵↳ࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬1978㧔ᤘ๺ 53㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߦ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ታᣉḰ஻ᆔຬળ‫߇ޠ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 10 ᦬ߦߪฦቇㇱߣߩද⼏ߩ႐ߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ታᣉߩḰ஻ᆔຬળ㧔றὐ╩⠪㧕‫ߚߒ⟎⸳ࠍޠ‬ฦቇㇱߣߩ᛬ⴣ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ56‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬ฝ⸥㧔l㧕‫ޔ‬㧔3㧕ߥࠄ߮ߦ㧔4㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⹜ⴕ㗄⋡‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ታᣉߐࠇ‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐ⊛ߦߔߴߡߩ㗄⋡߇ታ⃻ߒߚ57‫ޕ‬ฝ⸥ 4 㗄⋡ߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩ⹜ⴕ㗄⋡ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ޔ‬1981㧔ᤘ๺ 56㧕ᐕ 6 ᦬‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬1983㧔ᤘ๺ 58㧕ᐕᐲએ㒠ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᣇ㊎ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߣߩⷐ⺧߇޽ߞߚ58‫ޕ‬㧔㧕㧔ᤘ๺ 㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᚑ┙ਛ↰ታߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇߩࡑࠬൻࠍ๔ߍࠆ߇ߏߣ
߈‫⚗ޡ‬੎‫ߦࠬࡄࡦࡖࠠߦ߽ߣߣ⚿⚳ߩޢ‬ቯ⌕ߒߚ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫⥸৻ޡ‬ቇ↢‫ߩޢ‬ᄢ⟲ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬Ⰼⲁߐࠇߡ59‫ޕߚߞ޿ޠ‬หࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒⊛߆ߟ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥቇ⠌ᗧ᰼߳ߩା㗬ߣᦼᓙߩ߽ߣߦ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡╬⻉න૏ጁୃߩතᬺ↪ઙࠍᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߦㄭߠߌ‫ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬⥄↱ㆬᛯᕈࠍᦨᄢ㒢଻㓚ߔࠆߎߣࠍᣦߣߒߡ಴⊒ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬หࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓታ
ᣉᓟߩቇ↢ߩጁୃ㕙ߦߪ౉ቇᤨߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬߩᒝൻߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬໧㗴߇ᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߥ
ߞߡ߈ߚߎߣࠍਛ↰ߪ⴫⃻ߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ߪએਅߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ60‫ޕ‬
㧔1㧕ቇㇱㅴቇߦᔅⷐߥᦨૐ㒢ߩන૏ᢙߛߌࠍߘࠈ߃‫߫߃ߣߚޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆߽ᣢ⠌ᄖ࿖⺆ߒ߆ጁୃߒߥ߆ߞߚࠅ‫ୃᧂޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆߽ᢙන૏ߣࠆߛߌߢᛩߍ಴ߔቇ↢߇Ⴧ߃ߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔2㧕⥄↱ㆬᛯ೙ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇㇱㅴቇߩቇ↢ߢᢙቇߩන૏߇࠯ࡠߢ޽ߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ะߌߦ㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⥄ὼ♽೉ߩ⑼⋡ࠍℂ⑼♽ߩቇ↢߇ጁୃߒߚࠅߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔3㧕ᢥ⑼♽ߩṶ⠌߿ℂ⑼♽ߩታ㛎‫ޔ‬ታ⠌╬‫ޔ‬ቇୃߩ⽶ᜂ߇㊀޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ⑼⋡ߩጁୃ߇‫ᦼޔ‬ᓙߒߚࠃ߁ߦߪჇ߃ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔4㧕‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߩၮᧄ⊛ቇജߩૐਅ‫ޔ‬ਥ૕⊛ቇ⠌ᗧ᰼ߩ⴮ㅌ‫ޔ‬ታ೑ਥ⟵⊛㘑ầߩ৻⥸ൻߣ޿ߞߚ௑ะ‫ޕߚߞߥߦ߁ࠃߟ┙⋡߇ޠ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ὐ߆ࠄߺࠄࠇࠆቇ↢ߩጁୃᘒ᭽ߦߺࠄࠇࠆุቯ⊛௑ะࠍ᡼⟎ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ
߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߪߎࠇ߹ߢฬฎደᄢቇ߇Ⓧߺ㊀ߨߡ߈ߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ᡷༀలታߩ⻉ᣇ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆክ⼏ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ⴕ⃻ޔ‬೙ᐲߩᨒౝߢᦨᄢ㒢น⢻ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷༀࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ᳿
߼ߚ‫✚ޕ‬ว⸒⺆࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫✚ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ว଻ஜ૕⢒⑼ቇ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩදജࠍᓧ‫ోߚ߹ޔ‬ቇߩ‫ޟ‬྾

- 33 -

ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ታᣉߩḰ஻ᆔຬળ‫ߡߞ⻁ߦޠ‬ᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬ᛚ⹺ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ61ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇ↢⥄ᴦળߣߩ޽޿ߛߦ‫ޟ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓㅪ⛊ળ‫ޔߡ޿⟎ࠍޠ‬㓐ᤨ⺑᣿ળ‫ޔ‬ᙣ⺣ળࠍ߽ߞߡ߈ߚ62‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥㆊ⒟ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬1984㧔ᤘ๺ 59㧕ᐕᐲ౉ቇ↢ࠃࠅታᣉߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇᳿ቯߐ
ࠇߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ౝኈߩ㛽ሶߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ63‫ޕ‬㧔1㧕ᔅୃ߹ߚߪㆬᛯᔅୃߩዉ౉
㧔2㧕ᢥ⑼‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼೎ߩᜰቯߩ᣿⏕ൻ
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㧔4㧕ℂ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆ‫ߩޠ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޟ‬ㆬᛯᔅୃൻ
㧔5㧕Ṷ⠌‫ޔ‬ታ⠌64ߩ㊀ⷞ
㧔6㧕✚ว⑼⋡ࠍ฽߻᝼ᬺ⑼⋡㧔ౝኈ‫ޔ‬ᒻᘒ㧕ߩᄙ᭽ൻ
㧔7㧕৻ᐕᰴ‫ޔ‬ੑᐕᰴߩጁୃන૏ᢙߩㆡᒰߥ㈩⟎㧔8㧕⻠⟵ߩㅢᐕ೙ߩ᜛ల
㧔9㧕ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ 2 ᄖ࿖⺆ᔅୃൻⷐߔࠆߦ‫ޔ‬1981㧔ᤘ๺ 59㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓߳ߩᬌ⸛㐿ᆎߪ‫ޔ‬1971㧔ᤘ๺ 46㧕ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ᄢቇ⚗੎ߩ෻⋭ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍᄢ⢙ߦᛂߜ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߢ⥄ⷡ⊛ߥቇ⠌ᗧ᰼ߦା㗬ߒߚ‫ߦߩߚߞ޽ߢߩ߽ޠ‬ኻߒ‫ޔߦ߽ߣߣࠆ⚻ࠍᤨޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇୃ⁁ᴫ߿ᘒᐲߣ޿ߞߚ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩᄌኈߒߚߎߣ߇ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ᬌ⸛㐿ᆎⷐ࿃ߩ߭ߣߟߣ
޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬หࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ὐߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇߥࠄ߮ߦ␠ળ⑼ቇ‫ߩޠ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޟ‬ᣂ⸳߅ࠃ߮ᢥ⑼♽ቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆᔅୃൻߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߡߞࠃߦ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޕ‬ᢎຬߣቇ↢㑆߹ߚߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⋧੕ߩੱᩰ⊛ቇ໧⊛੤ᵹ߇ᷓ߹ࠅࠍᦼᓙߒߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߦߐ޿ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱቇ↢⥄ᴦળߣߩ޽޿ߛߦ‫ޟ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓㅪ⛊ળ‫ޔߡ޿⟎ࠍޠ‬㓐ᤨ⺑᣿ળ‫ޔ‬ᙣ⺣ળࠍ߽ߞߡ߈ߚὐߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߣᢎຬ߇ߣ߽ߦࠞ࡝ࠠ
ࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦ߅޿ߡ‫␜ޔ‬ໂࠍਈ߃ࠆ
߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬5 ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᑄᱛߣ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔1989㧙2002㧕
㧔㧕ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆㆇ༡૕೙
1991㧔ᐔᚑ 3㧕ᐕ 2 ᦬‫ޔ‬ᄢቇክ⼏ળߩ╵↳‫ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩᡷༀߦߟ޿ߡ‫߇ޠ‬಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ห
ᐕ 7 ᦬ߦߪᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻ߇ᣉⴕߐࠇߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߪฦᄢቇ⁛⥄ߩ⷗⼂ࠍ߽ߞߡᄢⷙᮨߥᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦਸ਼ࠅ಴ߔߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1991
ᐕ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߦᴪߞߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃ߆ࠄߥࠆኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߩ߶߆ߦ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ޠ‬㧔ੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫✚ޔ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޕ‬ว- 34 -

⑼⋡ࠍ฽߻㧕‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫଻ޟ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬ጁୃ߆ࠄߥࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒߇ታᣉߐࠇ
ߡ߈ߚ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ฦᄢቇߪ⥄ࠄߩℂᔨߣ⋡ᮡߩታ⃻ߦะߌߡ‫ߦ⼂⷗ߩࠄ⥄ޔ‬ᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡‫଻ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡╬ߩ⑼⋡඙ಽࠍ⸳ߌࠆߎߣߥ
ߊ‫ޔ‬ഃᗧᎿᄦߦࠃߞߡ‫✬ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠆ޽⦡․ޔ‬ᚑߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᢎ⢒਄ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߚฬ⒓ߢ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍ඙ಽߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᔕߓߚᔅⷐන૏ᢙࠍ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩ⷗⋥ߒ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ65‫ޕ‬߹ߕ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળኾ㐷ᆔຬળ߇‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩ໧㗴ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ↹৻ᕈ‫ޔ‬ԙ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩಽ㔌‫ޔ‬Ԛ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩਥ૕ᕈߩシⷞ‫ޔ‬ԛ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦㅢߓߚ♽⛔ᕈߩᰳᅤ‫ޔ‬Ԝ㧕ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆቇㇱ㑆ߩಽᢿࠍ᜼ߍ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩၮᧄ᭴ᗐࠍ␜ߒߚ66‫❱⚵ޕ‬૕೙ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬1992㧔ᐔᚑ 4㧕ᐕߦᄢቇ㒮ੱ㑆ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼‛⾰࡮↢๮ᖱႎቇኾ᡹߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1993㧔ᐔᚑ 5㧕ᐕߦᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ෸߮ᄢቇ㒮ੱ㑆ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥ⑼␠ળᖱႎቇኾ᡹߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߪหᐕ 10 ᦬ 1 ᣣߢᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ㧔ቇౝភ⟎ߣߒߡ 1994㧔ᐔᚑ 6㧕ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ߹ߢሽ⛯ߐࠇߚ㧕67‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛએᓟ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ⽿છ૕೙ߪ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪ߆ࠄᆔຬࠍᵷ㆜ߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼ‫߇ޠ‬ណ↪ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1993㧔ᐔᚑ 5 ᐕ㧕ᐲߦ‫ోޟ‬ቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ߩߘߣޠ‬ਅㇱᆔຬળߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળ‫ޔߒ⿷⊒߇ޠ‬1994㧔ᐔᚑ 6㧕ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޔ‬หߓਅㇱᆔຬળߣߒߡ‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ታᣉㆇ༡ᆔຬળ‫ߡࠇߐ⟎⸳߇ޠ‬એ᧪‫ޔ‬ਔᆔຬળ߇දജߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩડ↹࡮┙᩺ߣታᣉ࡮ㆇ༡ߦ޽ߚࠆߣ޿߁૕೙߇ߣࠄࠇ
ߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬1999㧔ᐔᚑ 11㧕ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ోޟ‬ቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ోޟࠍޠ‬ቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬ߦᡷ߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ‫ޟ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળ‫౒ޟߣޠ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ታᣉㆇ༡ᆔຬળ‫ߣޠ‬ࠍ⛔วߒߡ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩડ↹࡮┙᩺෸߮ታᣉ࡮ㆇ༡ࠍⴕ߁‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ68‫߆⟎߇ޠ‬ࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬2000㧔ᐔᚑ 12㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬ࠃࠅታᣉߦ⒖ߐࠇߚ69‫ޕ‬‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫⋡⑼ޔߪߦޠ‬඙ಽߦᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯㧔ᢥ♽㧕‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯
㧔ℂ♽㧕‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧔ᢥ♽㧕‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧔ℂ♽㧕‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡‫✚ޔ‬ว⑼⋡‫ޔ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡෸߮⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߩฦㇱળ‫↢ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ᶦஜᐽߣࠬࡐ࡯࠷෸߮ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧔ℂ♽㧕ߦዻߔࠆ⑼⋡ਛߩᢙቇ‫‛ޔ‬ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‫‛↢ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿⑼ቇߩฦዊㇱળࠍ⸳ߌ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળᆔຬߢ޽ࠆਥᩏߣ೽ਥᩏ෸߮᝼ᬺᜂᒰ⠪ࠍ฽߻ᆔຬߦࠃࠅ᭴ᚑߐࠇ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺታᣉ⸘↹ࠍ┙᩺ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺታᣉ਄ߩ⻉໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦ޽ߚࠆ‫౒ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ੐ോߪ‫ޔ‬ቇോㇱ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ቶ߇ᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߌࠇߤ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦߪ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴߽޽ߞߚ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍߤߩㇱዪ߇ߤࠇߛߌᜂᒰߔࠆ߆‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉߦ઻ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᢎຬߛߌߢߪ
ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪߩᢎຬ߽৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥߊߥߞߚ㧔ోቇ಴േ૕೙㧕ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬෩ኒߥ⸘▚‫ޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ฦቇㇱߩᜂᒰࠦࡑᢙ߇᳿ቯߐࠇ
ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ70‫ޟߩߎޕ‬෩ኒߥ⸘▚‫ࡑࠦߩߢޠ‬ᢙߩ⽶ᜂߪ‫ޔ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱ߳ᄙߊ஍ࠅ߇ߜߢ޽ߞ

- 35 -

ߚ‫ߩࠄ⥄ߪߦ߆ߥޕ‬ቇㇱߢታᣉߢ߈ࠆ᝼ᬺ㧔ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇㇱߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽ߩ᝼ᬺ㧕߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߦᚲዻߒߡ޿ߚᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩᢎຬ߇ᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣ߽޽ߞߚ71‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇⸃૕ߒ‫ోޔ‬ቇߩᢎຬߢోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠪࠬ࠹
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㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬2002STUDENTS̉ GUIDE㧙ోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ߈‫ޔޢ‬2002 ᐕ‫ޔ‬6 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕⴫  ฦቇㇱߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡඙ಽߏߣߩතᬺⷐઙ৻ⷩ㧔ߟߠ߈㧕ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ
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㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬2002STUDENTS̉ GUIDE㧙ᵻቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ߈‫ޔޢ‬2002 ᐕ‫ޔ‬6 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

- 36 -

㧔㧕ᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
1994㧔ᐔᚑ 6㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄዉ౉ߐࠇߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬߅ࠃ߮⥄ὼ⑼ቇࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡඙ಽߣߪ⇣ߥߞߚ⑼⋡඙ಽ߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߣቇㇱ⑼⋡72ߦࠊߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦቇㇱߪߘࠇߙࠇਥ૕⊛ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ✬ᚑߔࠆ߇‫ߩߡోޔ‬ቇㇱ߿ⶄᢙߩቇㇱߦ౒ㅢߒߡ㐿⻠ߔࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ోޕ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ၮ␆࠮
ࡒ࠽࡯‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ B‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫✚ޟ‬ว⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫⺆⸒ޟ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬‫ޟ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬තᬺⷐઙߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ቇㇱ߇‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᣇ㊎ߦၮߠ޿ߡቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬ᚲዻߔࠆቇㇱ߇ቯ߼ߚⷐઙߦᓥߞߡ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡෸߮ฦቇㇱ߇㐿⻠ߔࠆቇㇱ⑼⋡ߩන૏ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᚲቯߩᐕᰴ߹ߢߦୃᓧߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬8 ߇ฦቇㇱߩቯ߼ࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡඙ಽߏߣߩත
ᬺⷐઙ৻ⷩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ਥ૕⊛ߥ್ᢿߢතᬺන૏ࠍ 124 ߆ࠄ 193 න૏㧔කቇㇱකቇ⑼㧕
ߩ▸࿐ߢቯ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ 2 ὐ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ73‫ޕ‬╙ 1 ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ㊀ⷞ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ਥ㗴⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬
㧔1㧕਎⇇ߣᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬
㧔2㧕⑼ቇߣᖱႎ‫ޔ‬
㧔3㧕↢ᶦஜᐽߣࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫ ߩޔ‬3 ߟߩၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡‫✚߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ว⑼⋡ߩ 2 ⒳㘃߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ߙࠇߘޕ‬ࠇߩၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߦߪ‫ޔ‬೽ਥ㗴ߣ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߇㈩೉ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ߫߃଀ޕ‬਎⇇ߣᣣᧄ‫ޔߪޠ‬Ԙㄭઍ਎⇇ߩᱠߺ‫ޔ‬ԙ਎⇇ߩਛߩᣣᧄ‫ޔ‬Ԛᢥൻߩធ⸅ߣ੤ᵹߩ 3 ߟߩ೽ਥ㗴߆ࠄߥࠅ‫ߙࠇߘޔ‬ࠇߦ 4‫ޔ‬9‫ޔ‬5 ࠦࡑߩ⑼⋡߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ74‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮
⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ㗔ၞࠍਥ㗴⑼⋡ߣߒߡౝኈߩᢛℂࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈⛯޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒‫⛽ࠍޠ‬ᜬ࡮ዷ㐿ߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ75‫ޕ‬╙ 2 ߦ‫ޟޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩᔅୃൻ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚዋੱᢙ㧔ቯຬࠍ 25 ฬᧂḩߣߔࠆ㧕࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1994㧔ᐔᚑ 6㧕ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ቇㇱ෸߮ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩቇ↢ߦߪ 4 න૏ࠍ‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ቇㇱߩቇ↢ߦߪ 2 න૏ࠍᔅୃߣߒߡጁୃࠍ⟵ോߠߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ‫ߔ⹤ޔ߈ᦠޔߺ⺒ޟߩߡߒߣࠬࠢ࠶ࠪࠗࡌ࡮ࡦࡕࠦޔ‬⢻ജ‫ޠ‬ߩᶩ㙃ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒߳ߩォ឵࡮ዉ౉ࠍ࿑ࠆ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ⸳ቯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ዋੱᢙ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᒻ
ᑼߩ᝼ᬺߣߒߡታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ߽ߐࠄߥࠆలታ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧕ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᜂᒰㇱዪߩ⷗⋥ߒ㧙ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⸳┙ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᑄᱛᓟ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦࠃߞߡᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߅ࠃ߮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ⽿છㇱዪߩᔅⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߥࠄ߮ߦߘߩታᣉ૕೙ߦߟ޿ߡߩᩮᧄ⊛⷗⋥ߒ૞ᬺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ޔ‬
2000㧔ᐔᚑ 12㧕ᐕ 12 ᦬ 19 ᣣߩ⹏⼏ળߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⸳┙Ḱ஻ᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬หᐕ 12 ᦬ 28 ᣣߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚหᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਅㇱᆔຬળ‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ
㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⸳┙Ḱ஻ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫ౕޔߡࠇߐ⟎⸳߇ޠ‬૕⊛ߥᬌ⸛߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬- 37 -⴫  ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡
ਥ 㗴

਎⇇ߣᣣᧄ

೽ ਥ 㗴᝼ ᬺ ⑼ ⋡ㄭઍ਎⇇ߩ޽ࠁߺ

ᣣᧄߩ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩዷ㐿‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ᡽ᴦ᭴ㅧ‫ޔ‬ㄭઍ਎⇇ߩᚑ┙ߣዷ㐿‫ޔ‬ㄭઍࠕࠫࠕ␠ળߩዷ㐿਎⇇ߩਛߩᣣᧄ

ᣣᧄߩ␠ળߣᱧผ‫᧲ޔ‬ᵗߩ␠ળߣᱧผ‫⷏ޔ‬ᵗߩ␠ળߣᱧผ‫ⴚ⟤ޔ‬ߩዷ㐿‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᙗᴺ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ␠ળߣᴺ‫ޔ‬᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩℂᔨߣ⃻ታ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ൻߣ⚻ᷣᵴേ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߣㄘ᧛ᢥൻߩធ⸅ߣ੤ᵹ

᧲ᵗᢥൻߩฃኈߣᄌኈ‫⷏ޔ‬ᵗᢥൻߩฃኈߣᄌኈ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⠨ฎቇ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍᕁᗐߩዷ㐿‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߣ⃻ઍᢥ᣿ᖱႎߣᢙℂ

ᢙℂ⸃ᨆߣࠦࡦࡆࡘ࡯࠲‫✢ޔ‬ᒻᕈߣᖱႎᢙℂ‫ޔ‬ਇⷙೣᕈߣᖱႎᢙ
ℂ‫▚⸘ޔ‬ᯏၮ␆ᢙℂ‫ޔ‬࿑ᖱႎߣ⸘▚ᯏᖱႎߣ␠ળᖱႎ␠ળߣࡑࠬࠦࡒ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎൻߣࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯‫ޔ‬ᖱႎൻߣડᬺᚢ⇛⥄ὼߩ⹺⼂‛⾰਎⇇ߩ⹺⼂‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⃻⽎ߩ⹺⼂‫ޔ‬ಽሶߩ਎⇇‫↢ޔ‬๮⃻⽎ߩታ૕ߣᧄ⾰‫ޔ‬࿾⃿ߩ᭴ㅧߣᄌㆫ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿ㅴൻ࡮‛⾰ㅴൻ࡮↢‛ㅴൻ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇผ࡮ᛛⴚผ

ⅣႺߣ౉㑆ੱ㑆ߣⴕേ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴ߣ␠ળ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼⅣႺߣੱ㑆‫ޔ‬ൻቇ‛⾰ߣੱ㑆↢ᵴ‫ޔ‬᡼኿⢻↢ᶦஜᐽߣ㕍ᐕᦼ↢ᶦஜᐽ⺰‫ޔ‬㕍ᐕᦼ߆ࠄߩᔃߣஜᐽ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߣ৻ᰴ੍㒐‫ޔ‬ᚑੱ∛ߩ੍㒐ߣㆇേ‫࠷࡯ࡐࠬޔ‬කቇ౉㐷⃻ઍ␠ળߣ↢ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷

↢ᶦࠬࡐ࡯࠷⺰‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ↢ᵴߣࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫ޔ‬ㆇേߣり૕ߩㆡᔕ‫࡟࠻ޔ‬࡯࠾ࡦࠣߩ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ฦ⒳ࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫ޔ‬㊁ᄖࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫ޔࠬࡀ࠻࠶ࠖࡈޔ‬┹ᛛࠬࡐ࡯࠷‫࠷࡯ࡐࠬ࡮࠼࠶࠹ࡊ࠳ࠕޔ‬

⑼ቇߣᖱႎ

↢ᶦஜᐽߣ
ࠬࡐ࡯࠷

㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬2002 STUDENTS’ GUIDE㧙ోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ‫ޔޢ‬2002 ᐕ‫ޔ‬20㧙21 ࡍ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄ૞ᚑ‫ޕ‬㧕ߎߩߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߦะߌߡ‫ޔ‬ၮᐙ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡߩ‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ޿ᤨઍߦ߰
ߐࠊߒ޿ቇⴚᵴേߩ⊒ዷ‫⋡ࠍޠ‬ᜰߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢࡊ࡜ࡦ㧔᩺㧕‫߇ޠ‬ขࠅ߹
ߣ߼ࠄࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ၮᧄℂᔨߦߟ޿ߡߪోቇ⊛ੌ⸃߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߣߒߡ‫ߡߒߦߣ߽ࠍࠇߎޔ‬2000㧔ᐔᚑ 12㧕ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦฬฎደᄢቇቇⴚᙗ┨߇೙ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޔߡߖࠊ޽ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ⚵❱߅ࠃ߮▤ℂㆇ༡૕೙ߩᢛ஻㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ‫❑ޔ‬ᢿ⚦ಽဳ⚵❱㧔ㇱዪ⚵❱㧕ߣᮮᢿ൮᜝ဳ⚵❱㧔ోቇ౒ㅢ⚵❱㧕ߩੑᰴర⊛⚵❱૕೙ࠍၮᧄ᭴ㅧߣߔࠆᣇ㊎߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ㇱዪ⚵❱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩቇ໧㗔ၞߩᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߩ⛮ᛚ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߦ޽ߚࠆ㗔ၞဳㇱዪߣ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥቇⴚಽ㊁ࠍഃㅧߔࠆⲢวဳㇱዪߣߢ᭴ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬2001㧔ᐔᚑ 13㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥℂⲢวဳߩ⎇ⓥ⑼ߣ
ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦᄢቇ㒮ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼߇⊒⿷ߒ‫ޔ‬2003㧔ᐔᚑ 15㧕ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩᣂ⸳߅ࠃ߮࿖㓙⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ᜛లᡷ⚵߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ76‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥㇱዪᮮᢿဳᡷ⚵ߩㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬2001㧔ᐔᚑ 13㧕ᐕ 11 ᦬ߩ⹏⼏ળߩᛚ⹺ࠍ
⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬2001㧔ᐔᚑ 13㧕ᐕ 12 ᦬ 1 ᣣ‫ޔ‬ቇౝភ⟎ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⽿છㇱዪߣߒߡฬฎደ
ᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇⊒⿷ߒߚ77‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇߩࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡ⛔᜝ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⛔᜝ㇱ䇹78ߣ‫ޔ‬ቇౝߩోߡߩᢎቭ߇⊓㍳ߒ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊓㍳ᢎቭ⟲‫ߥࠄ߆ޠ‬ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ㧔⻠Ꮷએ਄ߩ㧕ోᢎຬ߇‫ోޟ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ޠ‬㧔ోቇ౒ㅢࠃࠅ๭⒓ᄌᦝ㧕ࠍ╬ߒߊᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡ᜰߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ79‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦ

- 38 -

ࠃࠆᣥᢎ㙃ㇱᢎຬߩਇḩࠍᛄ᜞ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㤥↰శᄥ㇢ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎຬ߿ቯຬߦଐሽߒߥ޿ᣂߒ޿ታᣉ૕೙ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᣇ
ᑼߣ๭߮ᓧࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪၮ␆ᢎ⢒ࠍ฽߻ᐢ⟵ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞ᐲߥᢎ㙃ࠍ஻߃ߚ⦟⼂޽ࠆᏒ᳃ߩ⢒ᚑߣ޿߁␠ળߩⷐ⺧ߦᔕ߃ࠆ⃻ઍ⊛ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ฬฎደࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡో࿖ߦ⊒ାߔࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒߡ
޿ࠆ䇹80ߣㅀߴ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߐࠍ⥄⽶ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ᣂߚߥో࿖ߦ
వ㚟ߌߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ߆ߚߜࠍឭଏߔࠆߣߩᗧ᰼ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߻ߔ߮㧙ฬฎደᄢቇߩ޽ࠆߴ߈ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߪ㧙ᣂ೙ᄢቇߪᚢ೨ߩᄢቇ೙ᐲߩ෻⋭ߦ┙ߜ‫ޔ‬
㧔1㧕ᢎ㙃⊛ᢎ⢒ࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߦࠊߚࠅ‫ߥ߆ߚࠁޔ‬ᢎ㙃ߣᐢ޿⼂⷗ࠍ஻߃ߚੱ᧚ߩ㙃ᚑߣ‫ޔ‬
㧔2㧕ቇ໧⊛⎇ⓥ
ߣߣ߽ߦኾ㐷⊛⡯ᬺ⊛⸠✵ࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ਔ⠪ࠍ৻૕ൻߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆℂᔨࠍឝߍߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇߣߒߡ⊒⿷એ᧪‫ઁޔ‬ᄢቇߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰߦᴪߞߡ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮଻ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡ࠍ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߒߡឭଏߒߡ
߈ߚ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᣥ೙ᄢቇߩⷰᔨࠍᛄ᜞ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬1953㧔ᤘ๺ 28㧕ᐕᐲ߹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱౝⷙ‫ޔߡߞࠃߦޠ‬ኾ㐷⑼⋡߇ࠃࠅᄙߊጁୃߢ߈ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴᐕᐲ㧔1954 ᐕᐲ㧕ߦߪߘࠇ߽⸃ᶖߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰߦᴪߞߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒߇ታᣉߐࠇࠆ
ߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᴺ೙ൻએ㒠‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬⍦⋫߇ߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᄢቇ⚗੎ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄⊒ᕈߣⓍᭂ⊛ߥീቇᗧ᰼ࠍᦨ
ᄢ㒢ߦዅ㊀ߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ኻߔࠆᒝ޿ᦼᓙࠍ೨ឭߦቇㇱㅴቇන૏ࠍ⸳⟎ၮḰߤ߅ࠅߦㄭߠߌߚ
ߎߣ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄↱ጁୃࠍᦨᄢ㒢଻⸽ߒߚߎߣߦ․ᓽࠍ߽ߟࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔46 ࠞ࡝㧕߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢᳇⾰ߩᄢ߈ߥᄌ⽩ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ౣ߮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟㧔59 ࠞ࡝㧕ࠍߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥߊߥ
ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬59 ࠞ࡝ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢᳇⾰ߩᄌ⽩ࠍ․ᓽߠߌࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫߆߿⚦߼߈ߡߞࠃߦ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޔ‬ߥᜰዉࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬ട߃ߡᢎຬߣቇ↢㑆߹ߚߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⋧੕ߩੱ㑆⊛ቇ໧⊛੤ᵹࠍᗧ࿑⊛ߦዉ౉ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᑄᱛߒߚฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ 4 ᐕ㑆ߩ೨ඨ
2 ᐕ㑆߆ࠄᓟඨ 2 ᐕ㑆߳ߩᯏ᪾⊛ߥಽᢿࠍᡷ߼ࠆߎߣߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡ߣ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߢߩኾ㐷⑼⋡ߣߩᢛวᕈࠍ଻ߣ߁ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇᎿ⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷♽⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴⑼⋡‫ޔ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߩ྾ᄢ⑼⋡ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ਥ૕⊛ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓࠍ✬ᚑߒ‫ࠆ޽⦡․ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬2001 ᐕ
12 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇⸳┙ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟߇ᕆㅦߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 39 -

2003㧔ᐔᚑ 15㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࠞ࡝ࠠ⴫  ᣂߒ޿⑼⋡඙ಽࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬9 ߇ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌၮ␆⑼⋡ࠆ⑼⋡඙ಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ోቇၮ␆⑼⋡
ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯

ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⚻㛎ߣ෻⋭⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡

ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⸳⸘ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩਥߥ․ᓽ

ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷⑼ቇ

ߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ৻╙ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩਥ㗴⑼⋡ࠍၮ␆⑼⋡ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡

ߣᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦಽ㔌ߒߚὐߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1 ᐕᰴߦၮ␆⑼⋡ࠍᢎℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡

߃‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ቇ໧૕♽ࠍ⹺⼂ߐߖ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦᢛว⊛ߦធ⛯ߐߖ‫ޔ‬2 ᐕᰴએ㒠ߦቇ㓙⊛ߥᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍ㈩⟎ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡

ߩᮮߩ㑐ㅪᕈ߿✚วᕈࠍℂ⸃ߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡╙ੑߩ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴᢎ⢒߇ࠃࠅలታߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥ

ోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡

ߞߚὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇‫ޔ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ

㐿᡼⑼⋡ߢߪೋᐕᰴᢎ⢒ߩᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ቇ↢ኻ⽎ߩ߽ߩߣℂ♽ቇ↢ኻ⽎ߩ߽ߩߦಽ㘃ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᢥℂⲢวဳ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߽ዉ౉ߐࠇߚ81‫ޕ‬หࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ߽ߣߢߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩቯຬߪ 12 ฬߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇ⊒⿷ᤨ߆ࠄ੹ᣣ߹ߢߩฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝
ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᄌㆫࠍߺߡߊࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ௑ะߥ޿ߒ․ᓽὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩੑὐߩߎߣ߇޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ੑߦ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ኻߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߇‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㊂⊛ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄ⾰⊛ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ‫ߦޠ‬ߥߞߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇ⊒⿷ᒰೋߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇၮḰߩቯ߼ࠆ⑼⋡ಽ㊁㧔ਥⷐਃ㗔ၞ‫ߟޔ‬
߹ࠅੱᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ㧕ߩන૏ᢙߦ޿߆ߦㄭߠߌߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑߦߔࠆ߆߇‫ޔ‬ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇‫ᤨޔ‬ઍ߇ᣂߒߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ‫⟜ޔߢ⊛৻↹ޔ‬೉⊛ߥ᝼ᬺ
⑼⋡ߩጁୃߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ฦ㗔ၞࠍᮮᢿߔࠆቇ㓙⊛ߥ✚ว⑼⋡ߩ⸳ቯ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ⸳ቯ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂ೙ᄢቇ⊒⿷ᤨߩਥⷐਃ㗔ၞ㧔ੱᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬⥄ὼ⑼ቇ㧕ߩⷐ⚛ࠍ߁߹ߊขࠅ౉ࠇߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฦᄢቇߩഃᗧߦࠃߞߡ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬ฬ߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ
߈ߚߎߣ߇ߘߩ․⦡ߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬╙ਃߦ‫ᤨޔ‬ઍ߇ᣂߒߊߥࠆߦߟࠇ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߩⷞὐߦ┙ߞߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑ‫ߡࠇࠊⴕ߇ޠ‬޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞ᐲ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ᦼએ㒠ߩᄢቇ߳ߩㅴቇ₸ߩჇട߽ᚻવߞߡ߆‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ↢ߩቇ
ജૐਅ߇⽷⇇࡮᡽⇇߆ࠄต߫ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߪቇ↢ߩⷞὐߦߥߞߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑࠍ૛௾ߥߊߐࠇߚ‫ࠍࠬࠢ࠶ࠪ࡯ࡌ࡮ࡦࡕࠦߚߞ޿ߣߔ⹤࡮߈ᦠ࡮ߺ⺒ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ዋੱᢙߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᒻᑼߢⴕ߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫✬ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᚑߪᣂ೙ᄢቇߩ⊒⿷ᒰೋߪⴕࠊࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ዋੱᢙߦࠃࠆ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ੹ᓟ߽㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬੹ᓟ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ‫ⷞߩߟߚ߰ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ὐࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹㧔ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕ 4 ᦬㨪ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 3 ᦬㧕ߦ޽
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ࠆ⸒⪲ࠍ୫ࠅࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ㧔றὐ╩⠪㧕‫ޟޔ‬ቇㇱᢎ⢒ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡߩోቇ
ᢎ⢒ࠍቢㆀߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪߣߩද⼏࡮ㅪ៤ࠍᒝൻߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ‫ޕ߁ࠈ޽ߢޠ‬ߥ߅‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᄌᦝᤨߦ߅ߌࠆᄢቇ᭴ᚑຬ⼏⺰ߩಽᨆࠍⴕ߁

- 40 -

ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߦࠄߐޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ઁ߇ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޠ‬ᄢቇߣᲧߒߡ
ߤࠎߥὐߢ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ყセᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐳ᚲߥࠄ߮ߦ⍴ᚲ߇ᨆ಴ߐࠇ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ
㙃ᢎ⢒ߦߪ‫ޔ‬૗߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߆߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬᣿⏕ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ද
11991㧔ᐔᚑ 3㧕ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡඙ಽߣߒߡߩ‫৻ޟ‬⥸ᢎ⢒‫ߩ⋡⑼ޠ‬㐿⸳⟵ോ߇⸳⟎ၮḰ߆ࠄᶖ߃ߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ޔ‬ผታߦහߒ
ߡ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ ࠍ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬1991 ᐕ߹ߢߩ੐⽎ߦኻߒߡߪᵴ↪ߒ‫ޔ‬1991 ᐕએ㒠ߩ੐⽎ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ߦ߈ߤ߈ߣߩߘޔ‬ᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ↪⺆ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

2ዊ═ේᱜ᣿‫ޟ‬1990 ᐕઍߩᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ᄢቇ㒮ᡷ㕟̆̆ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߣᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻ߇߽ߚࠄߒߚ߽ߩ̆̆‫⛚ޠ‬Ꮉᱜศ࡮⥪ᤘ✬⪺‫ޡ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߩᡷ㕟‫ޢ‬㧔⻠ᐳ‫ޟ‬21਎♿ߩᄢቇ࡮㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫ ╙ޠ‬3 Ꮞ㧕‫᧲ޔ‬ାၴ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޔ‬71 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬3ᢥㇱ⋭⺞ᩏ᥉෸ዪ‫☨ޡ‬࿖ᢎ⢒૶▵࿅ႎ๔ᦠ ో‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1952 ᐕ‫ޔ‬53 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

4ᄢፒੳ‫ޡ‬ᄢቇᡷ㕟 1945㨪1999‫᦭ޔޢ‬᢫㑑‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ‫ޔ‬106 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

5

CI&E㧔Civil Information and Education Section㧧᳃㑆ᖱႎᢎ⢒ዪ㧕ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᚢᓟභ㗔
ᦼߩ 1947 ᐕ 6 ᦬߆ࠄ 1949 ᐕ 12 ᦬߹ߢᣣᧄ࿖ౝߩ᳃㑆ᖱႎ࡮ᢎ⢒㑐ଥァ᡽ᣇ㊎ߩ৻ቯൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬GHQ ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚᯏ㑐ߩߎߣࠍߐߔ‫ޕ‬

6

1949 ᐕ‫ޔ‬1950 ᐕߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ߦ⛯߈‫ޔ‬1951 ᐕߦᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠ߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬7ᄢቇၮḰදળ‫ޡ‬ᄢቑߦᣈߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒㧙৻⥸ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᆔຬᦦਛ㑆ႎ๔‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1949 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

8ߎߩᒰᤨ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߪ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ߣޠ‬๭⒓ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬

9ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ੖චᐕผ ㇱዪผੑ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ‫ޔ‬1989ᐕ‫ޔ‬217 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

10

ห਄‫ޕ‬

11

ห਄‫ޔ‬220㧙221 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

12

ห਄‫ޕ‬

13

ᧄ✚ળߢ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫߁޿ߣޠ‬๭⒓߇‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߣޠ‬ᡷ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷ⸓ߩਥⷐὐߪ
એਅߩ 3 ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1㧚ੱᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ 3 ♽೉ဋ╬ጁୃߩᔀᐩ‫ޕ‬ᢥ⑼♽‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ߦࠃࠆ඙೎
߇᠗ᑄߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻ภࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍ 3 ♽೉߆ࠄߘࠇߙࠇ 3 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬12න૏એ਄‫ޔ‬ว⸘ 36 න૏એ਄ขᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
2㧚ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡߇‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡߆ࠄಽ㔌ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬2 ࡨ࿖⺆‫ ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬8 න૏એ਄ߩ᝼ᬺ
㐿⸳߇⟵ോߠߌࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆߇৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ฽߹ࠇߡߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ♽ߩጁୃ߇࿶ㄼߐ
ࠇࠆߎߣࠍ߅ߘࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3㧚૕⢒ߩ⻠⟵‫ޔ‬ታᛛฦ 2 න૏ߩጁୃ߇⟵ോߠߌࠄࠇ‫ޔ޿઻ߦࠇߎޔ‬ቇ჻ภขᓧߩᦨૐ
ᔅⷐන૏ 120 න૏ߦ૕⢒ 4 න૏߇ട߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ᄢፒੳ‫ޔ‬೨಴‫ޔ‬104 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

14ర᧲੩ᄢቇߩ᡿₹⯻ᢥ৻߽‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߩฦಽ㊁೎ߦฦ⒳ߩቇ⑼߇⸳ߌࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߪฦಽ㊁ߦߟ߈ 12 න૏㧔㧩1 ⑼⋡ߦߟ߈ 4 න૏㧦╩⠪ᵈ㧕‫ޔ‬޽ࠊߖߡ 36 න૏ߩጁୃ߇ᄢቇතᬺߩ᧦ઙߣߒߡⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬਄ᄢቇߦᣈߡߪ଻ஜ૕⢒ߩቇ⑼߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߢߪߣߊߦᰳߊߎߣߩ಴᧪ߧᄖ࿖⺆ߩጁୃࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⑼⋡ߩጁୃߦߪ߶߷ 80 ૛ߩන૏ᢙ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߧߦߔ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬- 41 -

ߘࠇߪᣥ೙ᄢቇߩ⚻㛎⠪ߦߣߞߡߪ㕖Ᏹߥ⧰∩ߢ޽ߞߚߦ㆑޿ߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬࿁㘈ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔₹⯻ᢥ৻‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡߩ୘ੱ⊛࿁ᗐ‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬4 Ꮞ╙ 2 ภ‫ޔ‬1982 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕ߟ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣥ೙ᄢቇߩᢎຬߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆߎߣߦ⾥ᚑߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
15ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨಴‫ޔ‬220㧙221 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

16‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱⷙቯ‫ޢ‬㧔ᤘ๺ 24 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 22 ᣣ೙ቯ㧛ᤘ๺ 26 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 24 ᣣᡷᱜ㧕ߩ౮ߒ㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇᢥᦠ⾗ᢱቶᚲ⬿㧕‫ޕ‬17ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬222 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

18

ห਄‫ޕ‬

19

‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳߇ද⼏ળߦᱜᑼෳടߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ೋ߼ߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣂߚߦᢎ㙃ㇱ㐳ߣ޿߁๭⒓߇↢߹ࠇߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᴺ೙਄ߪ‫ޟ‬ಽᩞਥ੐‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢ߹߹ߩޠ‬‫ޠ‬㧔቟Ꮉኼਯテ‫ޟ‬ᚢᓟᣂ೙ᄢቇ⺰㧙৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩⷞᐳࠃࠅ⷗ߚ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇผ⾗ᢱቶ♿ⷐ‫ޢ‬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢฬᄢቇผ⾗ᢱቶ♿ⷐ‫ ╙ޢ‬1 Ꮞ‫ޔ‬1989 ᐕ‫ޔ‬97 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

20ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᤘ๺ 28 ᐕᐲฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱቇ⑼ጁୃⷐ㗄‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1953 ᐕ‫ޔ‬11 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

21ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬227 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬22‫ޟ‬ᤘ๺ 24㧔1949㧕ᐕ 9 ᦬‫ޡޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙ⒟‫ޔࠅࠃߦޢ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱੱ੐ᆔຬળߣ
หㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩ 2 ᆔຬળ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળߦ⛔৻ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1956㧔ᤘ๺ 31㧕ᐕ߹ߢ✚㐳߇ਥ௅ߔࠆᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎຬੱ੐ߣᢎ⢒ᣇ㊎ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆᯏ㑐ߣߥߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧔ห਄‫ޔ‬218 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕23ߥ߅‫ޔ‬1954㧔ᤘ๺ 29㧕ᐕᐲߩฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡขᓧߔߴ߈න૏ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ჻ภߦኻߔࠆන૏ 124 ਛ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ‫␠ޔ‬ળ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼߩ 3 ♽೉ߘࠇߙࠇ 12 න૏‫ ⸘ޔ‬36 න૏ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߦઁޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ 16 න૏‫ޔ‬૕⢒ߩ 4 න૏ࠍട߃ߚ 56 න૏߇ᦨૐ㒢ߩၮḰߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᤘ๺ 29 ᐕᐲ ᢎ㙃ㇱቇୃ⸃⺑‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1954 ᐕ‫ޔ‬5 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕એਅߩ⴫ߦ␜ߔߩ߇ᒰᤨᢎ㙃ㇱߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ߘߩන૏ᢙߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬24ᷡ᳓⇊ਃઁ‫ޡ‬ᄢቇࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౣ✬ᚑ‫ޢ‬‫₹ޔ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬1997 ᐕ‫ޔ‬140 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬25

ኹፒ᣽↵ߪ‫ޔ‬1956㧔ᤘ๺ 31㧕ᐕ 10 ᦬ߩᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߦ߅ߌࠆၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩዉ౉ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬‫ߪࠇߎޟ‬ᄢቇ᡽╷ผ⊛ߦߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩߎߣ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ೙ᐲ਄ߩᕈᩰߩ਄߆ࠄ
߽⷗ㅏߔߎߣߩߢ߈ߥ޿㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߣޠ‬ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ኹፒ᣽↵‫ޟ‬ᚢᓟᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ℂ⸃㧙ߘߩᄌㆫߣ໧㗴㧙‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ޢ‬╙ 2 Ꮞ╙ 2 ภ‫ޔ‬1980ᐕ‫ޔ‬17㧙22 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

26ၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇㇱߩኾ᡹ಽ㊁ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎߩ⋡⑼ޠ‬27

ᶏᓟቬ⤿䊶ኹፒ᣽↵䇺ᚢᓟᣣᧄ䈱ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟 㪐㩷 ᄢቇᢎ⢒䇻᧲੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ䇮㪈㪐㪍㪐 ᐕ䇮㪋㪋㪎䋭㪋㪌㪌 䊕䊷䉳䇯

28㤥⠀੫৻‫ޡ‬ᚢᓟᄢቇ᡽╷ߩዷ㐿‫ޢ‬‫₹ޔ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕ‫ޔ‬57 ࡍ࡯ࠫ28ㄭ⮮♖ㅧ‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬5 Ꮞ╙ 2 ภ‫ޔ‬1983
ᐕ‫ޔ‬52 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬ᣥ৾Ꮲᄢࠍߺߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ‫᧲ޔ‬ർᄢቇ߇ቇౝ੐ᖱߦࠃࠅᴺ೙
ൻ߇ㆃࠇߚ‫᧲ޕ‬ർᄢቇߪ 1964㧔ᤘ๺ 39㧕ᐕߦᢎ㙃ㇱ߇ᴺ೙ൻߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ
ߪ⚿ዪߪᴺ೙ൻߩ㆏ࠍߣࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ቇౝភ⟎ߦ߽ߣߠߊ⸳⟎ߣ޿߁⁛⥄ߩᣇᑼࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޡ‬ᄢቇᡷ㕟ߩ೔㆐ὐߦߚߞߡ㧙࿖┙৾ᄢቇᢎ㙃㧔ቇ㧕ㇱߩ✚᜝㧙‫਻ޢ‬Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ‫ޔ‬6 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

- 42 -⴫ 㧔ᤘ๺ 㧕ᐕᐲᢎ㙃ㇱ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡෸߮න૏ᢙ

ᢎ㙃ㇱ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡෸䈶න૏ᢙ
ੱᢥ⑼ቇ

ືቇ

␠ળ⑼ቇ

ቇ⑼⋡

ᢥ⑼♽

ℂ⑼♽

ቇ⑼⋡

ᢥ⑼♽

ℂ⑼♽

ືቇ᭎⺰

4

4

ᙗᴺ

2

2

ືቇᕁᗐผ

4

ᴺቇ

6

4

⺰ℂቇ

4

᡽ᴦቇ

4

4

୶ℂቇ

4

⚻ᷣቇ

6

4

ᔃℂቇ

4

␠ળቇ

4

4

␠ળᕁᗐผ

4

4

ผቇㅢ⺰
ผቇ

ᢥቇ

ᣣᧄผ
᧲ᵗผ

4
4

8

␠ળ⑼ቇ᭎⺰

4

4

࿾ℂቇ

4

⷏ᵗผ

4

⛔⸘ቇ

2

2

࿖⺆࿖ᢥቇ

8

᧲ᵗᢥቇ
⷏ᵗᢥቇ

8

ቇ⑼⋡

ᢥ⑼♽

ℂ⑼♽

4

⸒ቇ

4
4

ᢥቇ᭎⺰

4

⥄ὼ⑼ቇ

ᄖ࿖⺆
ቇ⑼⋡

ᢙቇ
‛ℂቇ
⑼ቇ
࿾ቇ
↢‛ቇ
࿑ቇ

⻠⟵

ᢥ⑼♽

ℂ⑼♽

4

18

⧷⺆

16

10

4

12

䊄䉟䉿⺆

16

10

3

䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆

16

10

4

12

䊄䉟䉿⺆ೋᱠ

2

2

3

䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆ೋᱠ

2

2

4

6

ਛ࿖⺆

2

4

2
12

䊨䉲䉝⺆
䊤䊁䊮⺆

2
2

䉩䊥䉲䉝⺆

2

ታ⠌
⻠⟵
ታ⠌
⻠⟵
ታ⠌
⻠⟵
ታ⠌

4

⻠⟵

4

ታ⠌

2

2

䋪ℂ⑼♽ᢙቇ䈲Ṷ⠌㪍න૏䉕฽䉃䇯

૕⢒

ቇ⑼⋡

ᢥ⑼♽

ℂ⑼♽

⻠⟵

2

2

ታ⠌

2

2

㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᤘ๺ 29 ᐕᐲ ᢎ㙃ㇱቇ⠌⸃⺑‫ޔޢ‬1954 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2㧙3 ࡍ࡯ࠫࠃࠅ૞⴫㧕29ㄭ⮮♖ㅧ‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬5 Ꮞ╙ 2 ภ‫ޔ‬1983
ᐕ‫ޔ‬52 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬ᣥ৾Ꮲᄢࠍߺߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ‫᧲ޔ‬ർᄢቇ߇ቇౝ੐ᖱߦࠃࠅᴺ೙
ൻ߇ㆃࠇߚ‫᧲ޕ‬ർᄢቇߪ 1964㧔ᤘ๺ 39㧕ᐕߦᢎ㙃ㇱ߇ᴺ೙ൻߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ

- 43 -

ߪ⚿ዪߪᴺ೙ൻߩ㆏ࠍߣࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ቇౝភ⟎ߦ߽ߣߠߊ⸳⟎ߣ޿߁⁛⥄ߩᣇᑼࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޡ‬ᄢቇᡷ㕟ߩ೔㆐ὐߦߚߞߡ㧙࿖┙৾ᄢቇᢎ㙃㧔ቇ㧕ㇱߩ✚᜝㧙‫਻ޢ‬Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ‫ޔ‬6 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕30ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬263 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

31

ห਄‫ޕ‬

32

ߜߥߺߦ 1949㧔ᤘ๺ 24㧕ᐕᐲߪ 710 ฬߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬139
ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬
㧕33ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ޔ‬‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⃻ᴫ‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1965 ᐕ‫ ╙ޔ‬3 ▵‫ޕ‬34ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬279㧙280 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬35ห਄‫ޔ‬285 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

36

1971 ᐕᐲࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬‫ᦨޟ‬ೋߩᄢ߈ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ‫ޔ‬105 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕ߣ߆‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᣥ᧪ߩ⊒ᗐᴺߦߣࠄࠊࠇߥ޿ߢ
ᣂߒߊ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍㅊ᳞ߒߚ㕟ᣂ⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᱧผߦ৻ᤨ
ઍࠍ↹ߒߚ‫ޠ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬298 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕ߣ⹏ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬37ߎߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߣฦቇㇱߩㅪ⛊ࠍ✕ኒߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱክ⼏ળߩ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޟ‬ታᣉㅪ⛊ᆔຬળ‫ޔࠅߥߦߣߎࠆࠇߐ⟎⸳߇ޠ‬หᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߳ߩోቇ⊛ߥℂ⸃ߣදജߦ߆߆ߖߥ޿߽ߩߣߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ
ผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬300 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕38ㄭ⮮ື↢ߪ‫⚗ޔ‬੎ߣᢎ㙃ㇱߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫⚗ޟ‬੎ߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛ߦߪᢎ㙃ㇱ࡮৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߢߩ⻉⍦⋫ߦะߌࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫⻉߇ࠇߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬⍦⋫ߩ㓸ਛߒߚᢎ㙃ㇱࠍਥⷐߥ⥰บߣߒߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߎߣߢ޿ࠇ߫‫ߩߘߦߐ߹ޔ‬ᐩᵹߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߢߩᢎ⢒ߣߘߩ⻉᧦ઙߩᖡൻ߳ߩቇ↢ߩ㝠Ⓧߒߚᩮᒝ޿ਇḩ߇ሽ࿷ߒߚߎߣߪ
᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱቇ↢ߦࠃࠆᩞ⥢ኽ㎮ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎቭ࡮ቇ↢ߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠇߚ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᄌ㕟ࠍ߼ߑߔ 10࡮8 ✚ᬌ⸛㓸ળ‫ޔߪߢޢ‬ਥߣߒߡ᝼ᬺౝኈ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓᡷༀߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰߇㓸ਛߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩ㐿⸳߿⃻࿷ߩ᝼ᬺߩᒻᘒ‫ޔ‬
ᣇᴺ‫ޔ‬ౝኈߥߤߦߟ޿ߡᢎቭߩᢎ⢒⠪ߣߒߡߩᆫ൓ࠍ໧߁ᒻߢᵴ⊒ߥ⸛⺰߇੤ࠊߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩὐߢߪ‫⚗ޡ‬੎‫ߩߘߪޢ‬ਇḩߩ῜⊒ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޠ‬㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޕࠫ࡯ࡍ ޔ‬㧕39ਛ↰ታ‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬5
Ꮞ╙ 1 ภ‫ޔ‬
1983 ᐕ‫ޔ‬68 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬40ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ‫ޔ‬93 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

41ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬297 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬42ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ‫ޔ‬93 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬43ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬143‫ޕࠫ࡯ࡍޔ‬44ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬302 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬45✚ว⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬1970㧔ᤘ๺ 45㧕ᐕߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰ߇ᡷ⸓ߐࠇߚߩࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱౝߦ‫✚ޟ‬ว⑼⋡Ḱ஻ᆔຬળ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐߢߎߘޔࠇߐ⟎⸳߇ޠ‬ᬌ⸛ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬1972㧔ᤘ๺ 47㧕
ᐕᐲߦ⹜ⴕࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬⠉ᐕ߆ࠄᱜᑼߦ㐿⸳ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㐳↰㓷༑࡮ਛ↰ታ‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅
ߌࠆ✚ว⑼⋡ߩ⃻⁁ߣ੹ᓟߩᣇะ‫ޠ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ቇળ⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬10 Ꮞ╙ 1 ภ‫ޔ‬1988 ᐕ‫ޔ‬2 ࡍ
࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬
㧕

46

ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ㇱ‫ޡ‬ฬᄢᢎ㙃ㇱ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ‫ ╙ޢ‬10 ภ‫ޔ‬1973 ᐕ 4 ᦬‫ޕ‬47

㐳↰㓷༑࡮ਛ↰ታ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬2 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬- 44 -

48

ห਄‫ޕ‬

49

ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬᣿ᣣࠍᜏߊฬฎደᄢቇ 3 㜞ᐲߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ᜚ὐࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㧔1996㧙
1997㧕‫ޔޢ‬1997 ᐕ‫ޔ‬108 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬50䈖䉏䈫䈾䈿หᤨᦼ䈮䇸ᢎ㙃ㇱᄢቇ໧㗴ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ䇹䈏ᢎ㙃ㇱᢎ᝼ળ䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮ᢎ㙃ㇱ䈱⚵❱ᡷ㕟䈫྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒䈱ផㅴ䈏ᔅⷐ䈪䈅䉎䈫䈱╵↳䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䋨ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ䇮೨ឝᦠ䇮㪊㪇㪌 䊕䊷䉳䇯䋩51ᧄ╵↳ߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬143㧙146 ࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߩߎ
ߣ‫ޕ‬

52

ߎࠇߦవ┙ߞߡ‫ޔ‬1974㧔ᤘ๺ 49㧕ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߽ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟ߩ‫߼ߣ߹ࠅߣޟ‬ᆔຬળ‫ޔࠇࠄߌ⸳߇ޠ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ᡷ㕟ߣ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߣ߇‫ޟ‬ゞߩਔベ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣߩ⹺⼂ߩ߽ߣߦ‫ోޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥᡰេࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ᩺ߠߊࠅߦ
౉ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬305 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕53ฬฎደᄢቇ䇺᣿ᣣ䉕ᜏ䈒ฬฎደᄢቇ 㪉㩷 ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟䈫ᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻ䋨㪈㪐㪐㪋䋭㪈㪐㪐㪌䋩䇻䇮㪈㪐㪐㪌 ᐕ䇮㪏㪏 䊕䊷䉳䇯

54

ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬146 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

55

ห਄‫ޕ‬

56

ห਄‫ޕ‬

57

ฬฎደᄢቇผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬307 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

58

ห਄‫ޕ‬

59

ਛ↰ታ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬68 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

60ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬1988 ᐕ‫ޔ‬121 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

61

ห਄‫ޕ‬

62

ਛ↰ታ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬69 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬63ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬1988 ᐕ‫ޔ‬122 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ታᣉ਄ߩ࿎㔍ࠍ߽ߟ㧔3㧕ߩᔅୃൻߣ㧔4㧕ࠍߩߙ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬1984㧔ᤘ๺ 59㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬149 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

641978㧔ᤘ๺ 53㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ 3 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߢߪᄢቇ㒮↢ࠍቇ↢ᜰዉߩ⵬ഥߦᒰߚࠄߖࠆ
‫࡯࠲࡯ࡘ࠴ޟ‬೙‫‛ޔࠍޠ‬ℂቇ߅ࠃ߮ൻቇߩታ⠌ߦ㒢ߞߡ⹜ⴕߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦ߽ᅢ⹏ߢ
޽ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬1984㧔ᤘ๺ 59㧕ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇߩታ⠌ߥ޿ߒṶ⠌‫ੱߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇߥࠄ߮ߦ␠ળ⑼ቇ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߳ᨒࠍᐢߍߡห೙ᐲ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ
ผ✬㓸ᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬331 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕‫ޕ‬65ߔߢߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬1989㧔ᐔᚑర㧕ᐕ 7 ᦬‫✚ޔ‬㐳ឭ᩺ߦࠃࠅ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫ߩޠ‬ਅߦ‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫ޔࠇߐ⟎⸳߇ޠ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ᡷ㕟ߣ㑐ㅪߐߖߟߟ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߔᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ߽޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬᣿ᣣࠍᜏߊฬฎደ
ᄢቇ 2 ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߣᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻ㧔1994㧙1995㧕‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1995 ᐕ‫ޔ‬89 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕66ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟╙ਃᰴᬌ⸛ᆔຬળኾ㐷ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟㧙྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕ‫ޔ‬1 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬67ฬฎደᄢቇ䇺᣿ᣣ䉕ᜏ䈒ฬฎደᄢቇ 㪉㩷 ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟䈫ᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻ䋨㪈㪐㪐㪋䋭㪈㪐㪐㪌䋩䇻䇮㪈㪐㪐㪌 ᐕ䇮㪐㪇 䊕䊷䉳䇯

68‫ోޟ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ోޔߪޠ‬ቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߒ‫ޔ‬Ԙߘߩ⋡ᮡ࡮ℂᔨߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙ㐳ᦼ⸘↹ߩ╷ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԛߘߩታᣉߦ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥ੍▚࡮ᣉ⸳⸳஻ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԛߘߩታᣉߦ߅ߌࠆㇱዪ㑆ߩ⺞ᢛ࡮⛔᜝ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԝߘߩઁ‫ࠍޔ‬ᚲ▤- 45 -

ߔࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਅㇱᆔຬળߢ޽ࠆ‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ోޔߪޠ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⑼⋡඙ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙડ↹┙᩺࡮ታᣉㆇ༡෸߮ㇱዪ㑆ߩㅪ⛊⺞ᢛߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԛ᝼ᬺ෸߮
⹜㛎ߩታᣉਗ߮ߦᚑ❣⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԛᔅⷐߥᣉ⸳⸳஻╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԝታᣉㆇ༡ߦᔅⷐߥ੍▚ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԝߘߩઁ‫ࠍޔ‬ᚲ▤ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ోޡ‬ቇ࠹࡯ࡑ೎
⹏ଔ⥄Ꮖ⹏ଔᦠ‫ޟ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬㧔ᐔᚑ 12 ᐕᐲ⌕ᚻ⛮⛯ಽ㧕‫ޢ‬‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ‫ޕ‬
㧕69ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒㧙ߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޔ‬
1 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬70ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟⎇ⓥળ‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬164 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ࡑࠦޕ‬ᢙ᳿ቯߩ᭎⇛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬หࡍ࡯ࠫࠍෳᾖߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬

71

ห਄‫ޕ‬

72

ቇㇱ⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬㑐ㅪኾ㐷⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ A‫ޕߔߐࠍޠ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ߇‫ߪߡߒߣ⋡⑼ޔ‬ቇㇱ⑼⋡ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ห਄‫ޔ‬95 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬㧕

73ਛ੗ବ᮸‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޔ‬ᄢ✁ൻએ㒠ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟㧙࿖┙ᄢቇߩ੐଀ႎ๔‫ޢ‬㧔ᐢፉᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥฌᦠ 78㧕‫ޔ‬2004ᐕ‫ޔ‬97㧙98 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬74ዊ═ේᱜ᣿‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬78㧙79 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

75

ห਄‫ޕ‬

76

ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬1 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬

77

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ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⛔᜝ㇱߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ┙᩺‫ޔ‬ԙᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊓㍳ᢎቭ⟲ߩ⛔᜝▤ℂ‫ޔ‬Ԛోቇᢎ⢒ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߣታᣉ⚵❱ߩ✬ᚑ‫ޔ‬ԛࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ⹏
ଔߣ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬Ԝㇱዪ㑆දജߩផㅴ‫ޔ‬ԝᢎ⢒ᡰេߣᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩะ਄‫ޔ‬Ԟቇ⠌ⅣႺߩᢛ
஻߇ᬺോߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⛔ޕ‬᜝ㇱߪ‫ޔ‬ኾછᢎቭ 10 ฬ‫ޔ‬౗છᢎቭ 15 ฬ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅
ࠅ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥቇ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ၮ⋚⑼ቇߩ 5 ߟߩㇱ㐷ߦಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮ⋚⑼ቇㇱ㐷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢙℂ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⺆⴫⃻ᴺ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ห਄‫ޔ‬2㧙4 ࡍ࡯
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㤥↰శᄥ㇢‫ޔ‬ㄭ↰᡽ඳ‫ޔ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ‫✚ޡ‬วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⚵❱ൻ߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⸳┙‫ޢ‬‫ ╙ޔ‬7 ࿁ᣣᧄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ቇળ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޕ࠼ࠗ࡜ࠬ⴫⊒ޔ‬

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ห਄‫ޕ‬

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ਛ੗ବ᮸‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬98 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬- 46 -

 ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏԘỳ↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼㧔ᴺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⸥㍳⺞ᩏᣣᤨ㧦 2004ᐕ11᦬16ᣣ ඦᓟ4ᤨ㨪6ᤨ⺞ ᩏ ⠪㧦

ᄐ⋡㆐਽‫ޔ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔એ਄‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ᾀώӸ‫ٻ‬૙᫱૙Ꮛỉܱ଀˳Сỉો᪃ᾉ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸỆᐱỦኺዾᴾ
ٰႸ㧙߹ߕߪోቇᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚵❱ߦߟ޿ߡ߅ߚߕߨߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ႐วߪᢎ㙃ㇱ߇⸃૕ߐࠇ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩታᣉߦ޽ߚߞߡᆔຬળᣇᑼࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ޿߁ㆬᛯࠍߒߚࠊߌߢߔ
߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ߣߒߡߘߎߦ޿ߚࠆ⚻✲ߣᆔຬળᣇᑼࠍㆬᛯߒߚℂ↱ߪ૗ߛߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᒰᤨߪోቇᢎ⢒ࠍ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߣ⸒ߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫⥄⑳ޕ‬り߇ߘࠇߦ㑐ࠊߞߚߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᐕߏߣߦᐕᐲႎ๔ᦠࠍ߈ߜߞߣ಴ߔߣ޿߁૕೙ߢߥ޿ߣ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢ޽ࠆ߇ߛߌߦ
૗߇૗ߛ߆ಽ߆ࠄߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߢࠇߘޕ‬Ფᐕߘ߁ߒߚߩߢߔ߇‫߇⑳ߦߊߣޔ‬છࠍ㒠ࠅߚ㓙ߦᦨᓟߦ߹ߣ߼ߚ1999ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ11ᐕᐲ㧕ߩႎ๔ᦠߩߣ߈ߦߪ‫ᤨߩߘޔ‬ὐ߹ߢߢ⑳ߩ⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅ⸥㍳ߦᱷߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᰴߦᜂᒰߐࠇࠆᣇ߇ߘࠇࠍ⷗ࠇ߫‫߇ߤߥߟߐ߈޿ߩߘࠃ߅߅ޔ‬ಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߣᕁߞߡᦠ߈ㄟߺ߹
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ߩ⑳߫ࠇߌߛߚ޿ⷩߏࠍࠇߘޔ‬⍮ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪᦠ޿ߡ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߆ߣ
߽ᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ߈ߟߦߣߎߚߞ޽ߩߨߕߚ߅ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩශ⽎╬‫߽ޘ‬฽߼ߡ߅⹤ߒ߹ߔߣ‫߿ޔ‬ߪࠅ߭ߣߟߩ⒖ⴕᦼߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬೨ߩ‫ޔ‬1992‫ޔ‬1993ᐕ޽ߚࠅ߹
ߢߩᤨઍߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߣ޿߁ߩߪㇱዪߩ㓸߹ࠅߢߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇᒰዪߩ࠙ࠚࠗ࠻ߪ
ᧄᒰߦዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬ㇱዪߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ធߦᢥㇱ⋭ߣ੤ᷤߒߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ઍ⴫⠪߇ᢥㇱ⋭ߦ಴߆ߌߡ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߩᡷ✬ࠍ߿ࠅߚ޿ߣ߆‫ޔ‬ᣂߒߊᄢቇ㒮ࠍߟߊࠅߚ޿ߣ߆޿߁ߎߣࠍ޿ߜ޿ߜ⋥ធߦ੤ᷤߔࠆߩߢߔ‫ࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ฦቇㇱߪ‫ᧄޟ‬ㇱ⚛ㅢࠅ‫ޔߢޠ‬ታ⾰⊛ߥ੤ᷤ⋧ᚻߪᢥㇱ⋭ߛߣᕁߞߡኻᔕߒ߹ߔ‫߿ߚ߆ޕ‬੐ോߩੱ੐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ੱߪߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬੐ᮭ߇ᢥㇱ⋭ߦ޽ࠆᣇ‫ో߇ޘ‬࿖ࠍ߹ࠊࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࿾ᣇߩណ↪ߩᣇ߽޿ࠄߞߒ߾޿߹ߔߌࠇߤ߽‫ోޔ‬૕ߩࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼ߩߥ
߆ߦ౉ࠇࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ࠅߪ߿ߪࠈߎߣߥ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᢥㇱ⋭ߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫߆ޕ‬ߚ߿ᢎ᝼ߩੱ੐ᮭߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᒰዪߦߪోὼߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪߩᢎ᝼ળߦߒ߆ߥ޿‫ᧄޕ‬ㇱߪᢥㇱ⋭ߣㇱዪߩ⁜㑆ߢ‫߆ߛࠎߥޔ‬ᓇߩ⭯޿ሽ࿷ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߩ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ࿖┙ᄢቇߩታᘒߢߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫ߪߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁߭ߣߟߩㇱዪ߇޽ߞߡ‫ߢߎߘޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁
ߎߣߢߒߚ߆ࠄ‫⽿ޔ‬છㇱዪ߇߈ߜࠎߣ޽ࠆߣ޿߁૕೙ߩߥ߆ߢᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߒ
ߚ‫߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ࠍᡷ✬ߔࠆߣ޿߁᳿ᢿ߇ߥߐࠇߚߣߚࠎߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩฃߌ⋁߇ߥ޿⁁ᴫߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ోࠍࠇߘޕ‬ቇߢฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߣ޿ߞߡ߽‫ోޔ‬ቇߪㇱዪㅪว૕ߢߒ߆
ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ㇱዪ߆ࠄᆔຬ߇಴ߡ߈ߡᆔຬળࠍ૞ߞߡ‫ߡߡ┙ࠍ↹⸘ߊ߆߽ߣޔ‬ታᣉߔࠆߣ޿߁⊒ᗐߒ߆ߢߡ߈ࠃ߁߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ᦭᭽ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળࠍਛᔃߦታⴕ૕೙ࠍ⚵߻ߣ޿

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ߞߡ߽‫⚿ޔ‬ዪ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪߦഀࠅᒰߡߡ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬૗ࠦࡑ಴ߒߡ޿ߚߛߊߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥᒻߦߖ
ߑࠆࠍ߃߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߦߪੱ੐ᮭ߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛊⺞ᢛߩߺࠍߥߔሽ࿷ߢߔߩߦ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᆔຬળߢ߽ߞߡᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙ࠍ᳿߼ߡ੐ࠍㆇ߱ߣ޿߁એᄖߦ߹ߞߚߊㆬᛯ⢇߇ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߩ߇ᒰᤨߩታᖱߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ࠍࠇߘߪ੹ޔ‬ዋߒߕߟᄌ߃ࠃ
߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ߛ߹ޔ‬ᆔຬળᤨઍߦૃߚㇱಽ߽ዋߥ߆ࠄߕᱷߞߡ
޿ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ᒰᤨࠃࠅߪᧄㇱᯏ⢻߇ᒝൻߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿ߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬⚿ዪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߦ޽ߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪᣇᑼ߆ᆔຬળᣇᑼ߆‫ߩߎޔ‬㧞ߟߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ⟎߆ߕ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ࠍ೎ߩ⋡⊛ߦะߌߡౣ
✬ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚߣߚࠎ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߒ߆ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ᳿߹ߞߚߩߛߣᕁ޿
߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼ߇ᧄᒰߦ޿޿ߩ߆ᖡ޿ߩ߆ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ߢߪߥߊߡ‫ోߕ߹ޔ‬૕ߣߒߡᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ౣ✬޽ࠅ߈ߩ᳿ᢿ߇ߥߐࠇߚߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇૞ࠄࠇߚߩߢߪߥ
޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᾁώܱ଀˳Сᢠ৸ỉ‫ޟ‬ែᾉ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸỉỼἽἑἜἘỵἨᴾᴾٰႸ㧙ઁߩㆬᛯ⢇ߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᗵߓߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙޿޿߃‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᱷߔߣ޿߁ㆬᛯ⢇߇޽ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᒰዪߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬޽ࠆ޿ߪᢥㇱ⋭ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ౣ✬ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇߹ߕవߦ᳿ᢿߐࠇߡ޿߹ߒ
ߚ‫ޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪߤ߁ߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬㗅ᐨߢ⼏⺰ࠍߒߚߚ߼ߦᔅὼ⊛ߦⴕ߈⌕޿ߚవ߇ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߢหߓࠃ߁ߥേ߈߇޽ߞߚࠊ
ߌߢߔ߇‫ߌߛ߆ߕࠊߩࠎ߶ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᱷߔߣ޿߁ㆬᛯ⢇ࠍߣߞߚᄢቇ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߪ⑳ޕ‬޽ࠇ߇߭ߣߟߩ޽ࠅᣇߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬಄㕒ߦ⠨߃ߚࠄ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߪㇱዪ߇޽ߞߡ߽ߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߇㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ࠇߘޔ‬ߦะߌߡߩੱ⊛⚵❱߽‛⊛⚵❱߽ᜬߞߚㇱዪ߇޽ࠆߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ㆬ
ᛯ⢇ߪචಽߦ޽ࠅ߃߹ߔ‫ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᾲ∛ߦ߆߆ߞߚ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦో࿖৻ᓞߦᢎ㙃ㇱ⸃૕ߦ⿛ߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ߪࠇ޽ޕ‬ᒰᤨ߽⇼໧ߦᕁߞߡ޿߹ߒߚߌࠇߤ‫ࠄ߆੹ޔ‬⠨߃ߡ߽‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦ⾫᣿ߥᣇ╷ߛߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ߣ޿߁᳇߇ߒߡߥࠄߥ޿ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߘߩὐߢߔ߇‫߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ᢥㇱ⋭ߩᣇ㊎ߣߒߡᢎ㙃ㇱ⸃૕ߣ޿߁ߩߪዋߥߊߣ߽᣿␜
⊛ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁߰߁ߦࠃߊ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢥㇱ⋭ߩ⸒޿ಽߦࠃࠇ߫‫⟎⸳ߛߚޔ‬ၮḰࠍᄢ✁ൻߒߚߛߌߥߩߢ޽ߞߡ‫ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎ⢒ߩౝኈࠍၮḰߢቯ߼ߡ޿ߚ߽ߩ
ࠍขࠅᛄߞߡ‫ߪߣ޽ޔ‬ฦᄢቇߢ⁛⥄ߦ߿ࠅߥߐ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߞߚߩߛߣ޿߁⺑᣿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ⸃૕ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪߥࠎࠄ౉ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߪߕߛߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⸒ࠊࠇࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᓟ߆ࠄ᛫ᑯߔࠆߣߔࠇ߫‫ߪߢߺ⚵઀ߥ߁ࠃࠆ߃⸒ߦ߁߰߁޿߁ߘޔ‬േ߆ࠇߚߣ޿߁
ߎߣߥߩߢߒࠂ߁‫ౕ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᣇ‫⥄ߪޘ‬ಽߚߜ߽ઁߩㇱዪߣห೉ߦߥ
ࠄ߱৻ㇱዪߦߥࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ᰼߇㕖Ᏹߦᒝ߆ߞߚ‫᧲ޕ‬ᄢߛߌߪ‫⿷৻߽ࠅࠃઁޔ‬వߦᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᢎ㙃ቇㇱߦߔࠆߣ޿߁ᒻߢᡷ✬ߐࠇ߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪߦߪߥࠆߌࠇߤ߽1㧘2ᐕߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒

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ߪ⽿છࠍ߽ߟߣ޿߁ㆬᛯ⢇ࠍߣࠄࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔ߇ࠇߘߪߡߞߥߣ੹ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬߆߃ߞߡ߭ߣߟߩ᧲ᄢߩ․⦡ߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߊࠄ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬㚤႐ߣᧄㇹߣ‫ޔ‬႐ᚲ߇ࠊ߆ࠇ
ߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣౕ߽૕⊛ߦߪ૞↪ߒߚߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ᦼᤨߩ޽ࠃߖߦࠇߕ޿ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߦ‫᧲ޔ‬ᄢࠃࠅㆃࠇߡᡷ㕟ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛᄢቇߪ‫ߥࠎߺޔ‬ᾲ∛ߦ⟕ߞߚߺߚ޿ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ1㧘
2ᐕ↢߇ᚲዻߔࠆㇱዪߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬᥉ㅢߩᮮਗ߮ߩㇱዪߦᄌ߃ߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᣇะࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߡ
޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥㇱ⋭߽ߘࠇߦਸ਼ߞߚߩߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒰ੐⠪ߢ޽ߞߚᢎ㙃ㇱߩవ↢ᣇߦߪ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇߢઁߩㇱዪߣหߓߦߥࠆߩߛߣ޿߁ᒝ޿ᕁ޿߇޽ߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁‫⥄ޕ‬ಽߚߜߪᢎ㙃ߣ޿߁㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥߣߎࠈࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ࡊ࡜ࠗ࠼ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍߥࠎߣ߆ᱷߔ
ߣ޿߁േ߈ߪ‫ޕߚߒߢࠎߖ߹ࠇࠄ⷗ߤ߶޿ࠃߡߞ޿ߣߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ٰႸ㧙ߕ޿߱ࠎ಄ㆄߐࠇߡ߈ߚᱧผ߇޽ࠆߣ⡞޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘߩ಄ㆄࠍᡷ߼ߡ‫ߣࠎߜ߈ޔ‬૏⟎ߠߌࠆߣ޿߁ㆬᛯ⢇߇޽ߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ߁
ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ߩᣇ߇޿޿‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޕ‬ᡷ㕟ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬1‫ޔ‬2ᐕߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍߔߴߡ᛼ߒㄟ߻ࠟ࠴ࠟ࠴ߩᒻߢࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⚵߻ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ฦᄢቇ߇ᧄᒰߦᔅⷐߥᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁߽ߩࠍ⠨߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦᄢ✁ൻߔࠆߥ߆ߢ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ߿ߞߡ޿ߊ‫ߒ߆ߒޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߪᱷߔ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ㆬᛯ⢇߇޽ߞߚࠊߌߢߔ‫ⴕࠍࠇߘޕ‬ߞߚᄢቇߪో࿖ߦ߶ࠎߩࠊߕ߆޽ߞߚߛߌߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬ਛ੩ᄢቇߪߘߩᣇ㊎ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᱷߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߪർỈᱜ໪వ↢ߣ޿߁
⑳ߩᕲᏧ߇ቇ㐳ࠍߐࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ߪ⑳ޕ‬ฬᄢߩᡷ㕟ߦዋߒᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ⊛ߥ⹤ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ߪ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߦߪ⇼໧߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣࠍ߅⹤ߒߡ޿
߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ർỈవ↢߽หᗧ⷗ߢߒߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬୘ੱ⊛ߥ㔀⺣ߩߥ߆߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁ߩߪㇱዪߣߒߡᱷߔߎߣ߇ᱜߒ޿ߣ޿߁߅᳇ᜬߜࠍ߹ߔ߹ߔ࿕߼ࠄࠇߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ
޿߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ਛ੩ᄢቇߪᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᱷߔ‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣ޿ߚߒߦ⦡․ࠍࠇߘࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ቇ㐳ߣߒߡᣇ㊎ࠍ಴ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ℂ੐㐳‫ޔ‬ℂ੐ળߥߤ㑐ଥߐࠇࠆᣇ‫⾥߇ޘ‬ᚑߐࠇߡߘ߁޿߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ർỈవ↢ߪቇ㐳ߣߒߡ‫⾫߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬᣿ߥ್ᢿࠍᛂߜ಴
ߐࠇߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ฬᄢߪߘ߁޿߁ㆬᛯࠍߒߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᾲ∛⊛ߥ㔓࿐᳇ߩߥ߆ߢ⓭ߞ⿛ߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᾂώׄ࠰ɟᝦ૙Ꮛỉྸࣞể‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸᴾ
ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩᱧผ߇ฬᄢߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ಴ߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ᡷ✬ߩ໧㗴ࠃࠅ߽ߕߞߣએ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩᬌ⸛߇ᆎ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ޔ߽ߢޕ‬ታߪዋߒߕߟߒ߆േ߆ߥ߆ߞߚ‫৻߇ࠇߘޕ‬᳇ߦേ޿ߚߩߪ‫ߪ߿ޔ‬ࠅᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⚵❱ౣ✬߇޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ߩవ↢ߚߜ߇㕖Ᏹߦᾲᔃߦขࠅ⚵ߺߛߐࠇߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ޕ‬

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ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁⚵❱ߩ޽ࠆߥߒߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁ߩߪ㊀ⷐߢ‫ࠄࠎߥޔ‬⍦⋫ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߥ޿ߢߔ‫⃻ޕ‬ታ⊛ߦᆔຬળᣇᑼߢേ߆ߐߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿⁁ᴫߩਛߢߒߚ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢᆎ߼ߚ‫ޔߪߦࠅࠊߩߘޕ‬ฬᄢߩᆔຬળߪࠃߊ㗎ᒛߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬వヘߩ⻉వ↢ᣇ߇ᄢᄌ৻↢ ๮ߦขࠅ⚵߹ࠇ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬᫪ᱜᄦవ↢ߣ߆㊁᧛ᶈᐽవ↢߇వ㗡ߦ┙ߚࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬߚߜ߽ߺߥ૶๮ᗵࠍ߽ߞߡ৻↢ ๮ߦ߿ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߢޕ‬ή⽿છ૕೙ߦᵹࠇࠆߩࠍߥࠎ
ߣ߆㘩޿ᱛ߼ࠃ߁ߣദജߒߡ޿ߡ߽‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ߩ⚻✲ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࠎߤࠎߤޔ‬ήℂߦߥߞߡߊࠃ߁
ߥᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᆔຬળ૕೙ߦߪ㒢⇇߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎ
ߣࠍ⑳ߪႎ๔ᦠߦᦠ޿ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ႎ๔ᦠߦᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿߹ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߩਥߥછോߩਛᔃ⊛ߥ੐ᨩߩ߁ߜߦ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦേ߆ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦ⠉ᐕᐲߩ᝼ᬺ⸘↹ߩ╷ቯߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥࠝࡆ㧔ᤨ㑆ഀ㧕ߩ⺞ᢛ߇޽ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᬌ⸛ߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬࠍታ㓙ߦ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆㇱዪߩ߶߁ߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔߌࠇߤ߽‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦㇱዪߩ߶߁ߢᜬߜᏫߞߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃࠆߔࠢ࠶ࡃ࠼࡯ࠖࡈߚ߹ޔߡࠇߐ⺰⼏ࠅߜߞ߈ޔ‬ᣇᑼߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߩ
ߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫
ສဋ㧙ࠝࡆߩ⺞ᢛߥߤߪߣߡ߽ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ޿ࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ߊࠃࠍࠇߘޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢ߿ߞߚߣ޿߁ߊࠄ޿ᒰᤨߪ㗎ᒛࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬੐ോߩᣇ߽ᧄᒰߦ৻↢ ๮߿ߞߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ⊒⿷ߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ᧄޔ‬ㇱߣߒߡ߽‫᦭ޔ‬⢻ߥᣇ‫઀ޔ‬੐ᾲᔃߥᣇ
ࠍᛩ౉ߒߡߊߛߐߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬੐ോߩᣇ‫ߣޘ‬ᆔຬߣߢᔅᱫߦߥ
ߞߡࠝࡆߥߤߩ⺞ᢛࠍ߿ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߡߒ߹޿⸒ߣࠎߥࠅߪ߿ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߦߪࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙
߇ߕߞߣ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ‫⧰ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ഭߒߥ߇ࠄၭࠊࠇߡ߈ߚࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߣߒߡീᒝળࠍⴕߞߡ‫ޔ‬ㅙ৻ᢎ߃ߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߦᤨ㑆ഀࠍߟߊࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ߘޔ‬߁޿߁ࡌ࠹࡜ࡦߩᣇߦᆔຬળߦ౉ߞߡ޿ߚߛߊࠃ߁ߦߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙వ↢ߪࠝࡆ⸘↹ߩਥᩏࠍ߿ߞߡߺ߃߹ߒߚߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᧄᒰߦ⊝‫ޔߡߞ߽ߢ␹♖⊛†‶ޔ‬ീᒝળࠍ߿ࠅߥ߇ࠄ༗‫ࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔߒ⺰⼏ߣޘ⺻ޘ‬ߥߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᢥฏ߇ߊࠆߩࠍߥࠎߣ߆⺞ᢛߒߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩࠝࡆ૞ࠅࠍߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߢ‫৻ޔ߇ߔߢߌࠊߚߒ࠻࡯࠲ࠬ߆ߣࠎߥޔ‬ᣤേ߈಴ߒߚࠄ‫੹ޔ‬ᐲߪߘࠇࠍᄌ߃ࠆߩߦ
߽ᄢ߈ߥࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ᔅⷐߢ‫ޔ‬૛⒟ߎߜࠄ߇᳿ᗧࠍ߽ߞߡ߿ࠅߛߐߥ޿ߣߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ߢޕ‬ߔ߆ࠄ‫ߚߒߣߞࠂߜޔ‬ᡷᱜ‫ޔ‬ᡷ✬ߪⴕ޿߹ߒߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ߘߎࠇߘޔ‬਎⇇߆ࠄᖱႎࠍ㓸߼‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢ߽ᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆᄢቇߦቇ߮‫ޔ‬ℂᔨࠍ⠨߃‫ޔ‬ฬᄢߢߥߦ߇ౕ૕⊛ߦߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁
ࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬ᛮᧄ⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⷗⋥ߒߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߣ޿߁ߩߪࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡑ࡯ߩ㓸߹ࠅߛߣᦠ޿ߚߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪᧄ᧪ߪࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡑ࡯ߦછߖࠄࠇࠆ߶ߤシ޿⹤ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ߿ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߦߣߞߡ㕖Ᏹ
ߦ㊀ⷐߥ⹤ߥߩߢߔ‫߁޿ߣߪߡߊߥߒ߆ߣࠎߥࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬᳇ᜬߜ߇‫ ↢৻ޔ‬๮߿ߞߡ޿ࠆ

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ᆔຬߩߥ߆ߦḝ޿ߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪ޽ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߢ߆ߥ߁޿߁ߘޕ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱ࠍ૞ࠄߥߊߡߪ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬⠨߃߽ߢߡ߈ߡ‫ޔ‬ട⮮✚㐳ߩᤨઍߦ‫ޔ‬᫪వ↢‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢߇߿ࠅߊࠅ▚Ბߢࡐࠬ࠻ࠍ㓸߼ࠆߎߣߦߏ⧰ഭࠍߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞ߩഃೀภߦߘߩ޽ߚࠅߩ੐ᖱࠍ㚍⿧వ↢߇ᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙⑳߽ߘߩ޽ߚࠅߩᓮ⧰ഭࠍ৻✜ߦ⷗ߚࠅ⡞޿ߚࠅߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߊ߆߽ߣޕ‬ᚢ⇛ࠍߚߡߡ⦡‫ߣޘ‬ឭ᩺ࠍߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬ኾછߩᢎຬߩ޿ࠆ⚵❱߇ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ߣ޿
߁ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᰼ࠍ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩࠃ߁ߥㇱዪߺߚ޿ߥ߽ߩ߇ᧄᒰߪ޽ߞߚ߶߁
߇޿޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇ᜬߜ߇ߤߎ߆ߦ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ‫৻ޔ‬ᣤუߒߚ߽ߩࠍᓳᵴߔࠆߣ޿
߁ߎߣߢߪᡰᜬ߇㓸߹ࠅ߹ߖࠎߒ‫ޔ৻╙ޔ‬రߦᚯࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ᒻߢ✬ᚑߔࠆ‫ࠅߪ߿ޕ‬ᄢቇߣߒߡߎࠇߪ㊀ⷐߥߩߛߣ޿߁૏⟎ߠߌߩߥ߆ߢ‫߽ੱޔ‬‛߽㊄߽ߺߥᛩ౉ߒߡ߿ࠄߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᾃώ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸ࢘଺ỉᛢ᫆ᴾ
ṞؕᄽἍἱἜὊỉᚨፗểᢃփᴾ
ٰႸ㧙ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦࠃࠆㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽⋧ᒰߥߏ⧰ഭߣᎿᄦࠍߐࠇߚߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬૗߆․ߦශ⽎ߦᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߆‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ශ⽎ߦᒝߊᱷߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᒰೋߩ┙ߜ਄ߍߩᲑ㓏ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ฬᄢߩ႐ว‫޽ޔ‬ߩᒰᤨߣߒߡ߹ߛߒ߽ࠃ߆ߞߚߣᕁ߃ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩవ↢ᣇ߇‫ߩઁߊߚߞ߹ޔ‬ቇㇱߣหߓߦߥࠆߩߢߪߥߊߡ‫ߩઁޔ‬ቇㇱࠃࠅߪዋߒోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߦᄙߊ㑐ࠊࠆᩰᅢߢࠬ࠲
࡯࠻ߒߡ޿ߚߛߌߚߎߣߢߒߚ‫ࡑࠦޕ‬ᢙߩഀࠅᝄࠅߩ⴫ߪ‫ޔ‬᳿߼ࠆߩ߇ᄢᄌߢߒߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩవ↢ᣇ߇ઁࠃࠅߚߊߐࠎᜂߞߡߊߛߐࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫৻ޔ‬᳇ߦᡷ✬ߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ‫ޔ‬ẋㅴ⊛ߥᡷ㕟ߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁஥㕙߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬᝼ᬺߩࡔ࠾
ࡘ࡯ߦߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩవ↢ᣇ߇ਛᔃߦߥߞߡ‫޿ߣࠆ߈ߢࠄߥ࡯ࡘ࠾ࡔ߁޿߁ߎޔ‬߁߽ߩࠍᦨೋߦ૞ߞߡਅߐ޿߹ߒߚ‫ߩઁޔߢ߃߁ߩߘޕ‬ㇱዪ߆ࠄߪߤ߁޿߁ᚻવ޿ࠍߒߚ
ࠄࠃ޿ߩ߆ߣ޿߁ὐࠍᦠ߈౉ࠇߡ޿ߞߡ‫ߣߛߩߚࠇࠄߡ┙ߺ⚵ޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ℂᔨ⊛ߥ߽ߩࠍ⢛᥊ߦߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦദജߒߡࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ౉ࠇߚ߽ߩߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ߪߦࠇߎޕ‬ᄙߊߩቇㇱߩᄙߊߩవ↢ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ߽ࠄ޿߿ߔ޿ᒻ
ߩ᝼ᬺߢ޽ߞߡ‫Ⲣޔ‬ㅢ߇೑ߊߣ޿߁஥㕙߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚߒ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦᄢ޿ߦഥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߩ
߽੐ታߢߔ‫ޔࠅߪ߿ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ቇ↢߇౉ቇߒߡ߈ߚߣ߈ߎߘ‫ޔ‬ዋੱᢙᢎ⢒‫࡞࡯࠽ࡒ࠯ޔ‬ᒻᑼߩ᝼ᬺࠍឭଏߒ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ⟎߈ߚ޿ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇ᒝߊㄟ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬නߦ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠦࡑࠍછᗧߦᄢቇ߇↪ᗧߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂ౉ቇ↢ߩ߁ߜߩᏗᦸ⠪߇ᅢ߈ߥࠦࡑߦጁ
ୃ↳⺧ࠍ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ฃߌ౉ࠇߡ߽ࠄ߃ࠆ႐วߦߪጁୃߔࠆߣ޿߁ߛߌߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯౉㐷⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᄢቇߢขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߇⽿છࠍ߽ߞߡᔅⷐߥࠦࡑ
ᢙࠍឭଏߒߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ઍࠊࠅᒝ೙⊛ߦߣࠄߖࠆߣ޿߁೙ᐲ⸳⸘ࠍߒߚᄢቇߪ‫ߤ߶ࠇߘޔ‬ᄙߊߪߥ߆ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

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ߎߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߒߡߩၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪฬฎደᄢቇߩ․ᓽߦߒࠃ߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨࠍ߽ߞߡ⥃ࠎߛߣߎࠈ߇⚿᭴޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫⚿߽ߡߞ޿ߪ߁ߘޕ‬ዪߩߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ቇㇱߪ1ᐕ㑆4න૏ߢࠬ࠲
࡯࠻ߢ߈ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ቇㇱߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ߽2න૏߇♖৻᧰ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ℂ♽ߪኾ㐷ၮ␆ߥߤߩ࠙ࠚࠗ࠻߽㜞ߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߩන૏ᢙ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ଏ⛎஥߆ࠄߩ㐿⻠ࠦࡑᢙ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽‫ޔ‬4න૏ಽߩᚻᒰߡߪ㔍ߒ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒߚ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ඨᦼ2න૏ߢ߽ࠃ޿߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣߒߡ౉ࠇࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥ⠨ᘦߣ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨ⊛ߥ஥㕙ߣࠍว૕ߐߖߥ߇ࠄዉ౉ߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬߽߁߭ߣߟ㊀ⷞߒߚὐߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ✬ᚑࠍ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ❑ഀࠅߦߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎ
ߣߢߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹߽ࠇߎޕ‬వ↢ᣇߩ⺞㆐ߣቇ↢ᢙߣࠍߤߎ߹ߢߔࠅวࠊߖࠄࠇࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧
㗴߇⛊ࠎߢ߅ࠅ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ❑ഀࠅߦߒߥ޿ᣇ߇ㆇ↪਄߽ᭉߛ߆ࠄߣ޿߁஥㕙߇޽ࠅ߹ߒ
ߚ‫ߪߣࠇߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬೎ߦℂᔨߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ࠍ዁᧪ኾ᡹ߒࠃ߁ߣᕁ߁ᣂ౉↢ߚߜ߇‫ޔ‬ᦨೋߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢ෹ੱ߇ߢ߈ߡ‫ޔ‬ᮮߩߟߥ߇ࠅ߇ߟߊߣ‫ޔ‬෹㆐ߩኾ㐷ߩ⹤ࠍ੕޿ߦ㧠ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡ⡞ߊߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᮮ߆ࠄߩೝỗ߇౉ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߎߣࠍ㊀ⷞߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߣߎߚߞ޿߁ߘޕ‬߽߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ߽ߩߦ⋡߇㐿߆ࠇߡ޿ߊ߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣᦼᓙߒߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷ߛߌࠍീᒝߒߡหߓኾ㐷ߩ෹㆐ߛߌߣઃ߈ว߁ߩߢߪߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ࠍ⿥߃ߚ෹ੱߩߟߥ߇
ࠅࠍᦨೋߦᬀ߃ㄟ߻ߣ޿߁ℂᔨ߽฽߼ߚᒻߢ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ✬ᚑߩ⸳⸘ࠍߒߚߣ
޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߐߡ‫⃻ޔ‬ታ໧㗴ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߤࠇߛߌߩࠦࡑᢙࠍ↪ᗧߢ߈ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁⹤ߦ
ߥߞߡ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㐿⻠น⢻ߥࠦࡑᢙ߆ࠄ⸘▚ߒ߹ߔߣ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߪߤ߁⠨߃ߡ߽1ࠢ࡜ࠬ⚂25ฬ
✬ᚑߩ࡟ࡌ࡞߇߿ߞߣߢߒߚ‫ޔ߇ߔߢߩߚߒ࠻࡯࠲ࠬߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ߩߘࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬᝼ᬺ߇ᆎ߹
ࠅ߹ߒߚࠄ‫ߦߥࠎߎޔ‬ᄙ޿ੱᢙߢߪ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߣߒߡߪ߁߹ߊ޿߆ߥ޿ߣ޿ߞߚࠢ࡟࡯ࡓ߇‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰߩవ↢ᣇ߆ࠄߤߞߣ᧪߹ߒߚ‫ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ᄢቇߦ౉ቇߒߡࡑࠬᢎ⢒ߒ߆ߥߐࠇߡ޿ߥ
޿ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ⧰ᖱ߇ߥߊߥࠆࠊߌߢߔߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߣߒߡ߽ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍ߈ߜࠎߣฃߌᱛ
߼ߡߊࠇߡ‫ోޔ‬ቇ⊛ߦߪᲧセ⊛ᅢ⹏ߛߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ੱߩࠬ࡜ࠢߒ߆ߒޔ‬ᢙ߇ᄙߔ߉ࠆ
ߣ޿߁ࠢ࡟࡯ࡓߪᄙߊነߖࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ࠍࠬ࡜ࠢޔߢߎߘޕ‬ㆡᱜߥੱᢙߦ߅ߐ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁
ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ㐿⻠ࠦࡑᢙࠍ޽ߩᚻߎߩᚻߢჇ߿ߘ߁ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߕߞߣ⧰
ഭߒߥ߇ࠄദ߼ߡ޿߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ႎ๔ᦠߦ‫ޟ‬3⑼⋡ᜂᒰ࡞࡯࡞‫߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬ᢔ⷗ߐࠇ߹ߔ߇‫✬ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᚑߣታᣉᜂᒰ⠪ߩഀࠅᝄࠅߪኒធਇนಽߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ਇนಽߢߔ‫߽ߢޕ‬ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ࡑࠦޔ‬ᢙࠍኈᤃߦߪჇ߿ߖ߹ߖࠎ‫ࡏޔ߫߃଀ߢߎߘޕ‬࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕᢎቭߺߚ޿ߥ߽ߩࠍ൐ߞߡߺߚࠄ‫޿⸒߇⑳ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬಴ߒߚߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹
ߔ‫߽⺕ޔࠄߚߒ߹ߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᔕ൐ߔࠆੱߥࠎ߆޿ߥ޿ߢߔࠃߣ‫ߦࠎߐ⊝ޔ‬಄╉ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߢ߽‫ޔ‬㚝⋡ߢర‫ޔߢߣߎ߁޿ߣ߁ࠂߒ߹ࠅ߿߽ߢࠎߥߪߣߎߩޘ‬ᆔຬળߢߘߩ᩺ࠍㅢߒߡ
߽ࠄߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޔࠄߚߒ߹ߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᄙᢙߣ޿߁ࠊߌߦߪ޿߆ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫⚿ޔ‬᭴⦡‫ޘ‬ߥੱ߇↳ߒ಴ߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߡ‫߇ࠅߣ߭߅ߩߘޔ‬㤥↰శᄥ㇢వ↢ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬㤥↰వ↢ߪⶄᢙࠦࡑࠍࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖࠕߢⴕߞߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬ቇߦߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥవ↢ᣇ߇޿ࠄߞߒ߾ࠆ
ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚߛߌߢ߽‫ޔ‬ሜߒ߆ߞߚߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬㤥↰వ↢ߦߣߞߡ߽‫ࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏޔ‬ߣߒߡߢ߽ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦജࠍዧߊߘ߁ߣ޿߁߶ߤߦ⷗⼂߽ᾲᗧ߽߅ᜬߜߩᣇߛߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇

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ోቇߦ⍮ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ߣߚߞ޽ߢߌ߆ߞ߈ߩߟߣ߭ޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙࠲࡯࠾ࡦࠣ࡮ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙㤥↰వ↢ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳ߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ฬᄢߩᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ࠍ࡝࡯࠼ߒߡ޿ߊᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡߊߛߐࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚࠊߌߢߔ‫ࠕࠖ࠹ࡦ࡜ࡏࠅߪ߿ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᢎቭߩ൐㓸ߪ‫ߣ߆޿ߥߪߢߩߚߞ߆ࠃޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࡑࠦޕ‬ᢙࠍჇ߿ߔߚ߼ߩ⧰ഭߩߥ߆ߢ‫⚿ޔ‬᭴޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥੱߩ಴ળ޿߇޽ࠅ‫ߺ↢߇ߩ߽ߥ߆⼾ޔ‬಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚ㕙߽޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇ߆ࠄ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ߩవ↢ᣇߦ㕖Ᏹൕߩᒻߢߏ಴㚍޿ߚߛߊߎߣߢ߽ߞߡࠦࡑᢙࠍ
Ⴧ߿ߘ߁ߣߒߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ߩవ↢ᣇ߇ࠁߞߚࠅߣߒߚᤨ㑆ߩߥ߆ߢ‫⧯ޔ‬޿ቇ↢ߦߓߞߊࠅ⹤ߒ߆ߌߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇޽ߞߡ߽޿޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃߹ߒߚ‫߽ࠇߎޕ‬ឭ᩺ߒߡߺ߹ߒߚࠄ‫ߣޘ⦡ޔ‬෻ኻ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߦߊߣޕ‬ᢥ♽ߩవ↢ᣇߩ෻ኻ߇ᒝ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޟޕ‬㒮᡽‫߇ޠ‬ᢝ߆ࠇࠆߣㅅᖺߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߔ‫ߘ߽ߢ߹ࠇߘޕ‬߁޿߁ᔃ㈩߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ㇱዪߪ‫ޔ‬ฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ߩవ↢߇ቯᐕᓟ߽᝼ᬺࠍߔ
ࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߪࡃ࡝ࠕ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߥ೙ᐲࠍߟߊߞߡ߈ߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߔ߇‫ߘޔߒ߆ߒޔ‬ࠇ߹ߢߩ࡞࡯࡞ߢ߽‫ઁޔ‬ㇱዪߩ㕖Ᏹൕߢ޽ࠇ߫ฬ⹷ᢎ᝼߽ᜂᒰߢ߈ߚߩߢߔ‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߪઁㇱዪᛒ޿ߢ޽ߞߚߩߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒߽೎ᨒߢࠃ޿ߪߕߛ
ߣ޿ߞߡ‫ ↢৻ޔ‬๮ߦ⺑ᓧߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ዋߒߕߟߘ߁޿߁೙ᐲࠍዉ౉ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߣߦ߆ߊ‫ߩ޽ޔ‬ᚻߎߩᚻߩദജࠍߒߡ⧰ഭߒߥ߇ࠄࠦࡑᢙࠍჇ߿ߒߡ޿߈߹ߒߡ‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐ⊛ߦߪၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩዋੱᢙൻ߇ߥࠎߣ߆ߪ߆ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߊ߆ߞߖޕ‬ℂᔨࠍ߽ߞߡ૞ߞߚၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠦࡑࠍ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦ߽↢߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥᒻߦߒߚ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢㆇ༡ߒߡ‫ੱޔ‬੐ᮭ߽ߥߌࠇ߫‫߽▚੍ޔ‬㕖Ᏹൕᨒߩࠦࡑߋࠄ޿ߥࠄߥࠎߣ߆ߥ
ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁⒟ᐲߢߒ߆ߥ޿ߣ޿߁೙⚂ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ߪߣߎࠆ߈ߢޔ‬૗߆ߣ⠨߃ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬⒟ᐲߩߎߣߒ߆ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬૗ߣ߆ၮ␆࠮ࡒ
࠽࡯ߪలታൻߐߖߚ޿ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ṟᵮᵢᵱἇỶἁἽỉನሰᾉ੉ಅᚸ̖ỴὅἃὊἚỉ‫ݰ‬λᴾສဋ㧙߽߁߭ߣߟ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦജࠍ౉ࠇߚߎߣߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Plan㧙Do㧙Seeߩࠨࠗࠢ࡞߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘߩࠃ߁ߥࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߢ߽ߞߡᏱᤨᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿ߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩ೙ᐲ⸳⸘ߦ‫ޔ‬ᦨೋ߆ࠄജࠍ౉ࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍⴕߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ෻ᔕ߽߈ߜࠎߣ⷗ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߩᣇᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߔ‫ߘߎߢ੹ޕ‬ᒰߚࠅ೨ߦߥߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߪ߹ߛో࿖⊛ߦ⷗ߡ߽‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬േ߈ߪዋߥ޿ᤨઍߢߒߚ‫ߦࠇߘޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬వⷡ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛᄢቇߩ߭ߣߟߦฬᄢߪ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇ߁ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫߁޿߁ߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬Ბ㓏ߢขࠅ⚵ࠎߛߛߌߦ‫ޔ‬෻⊒߽ᒝ޿߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ໧㗴ߦవⷡ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵߽߁ߣ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ⊒ើߐࠇߚߩ߇‫ޔ‬ೋઍᆔຬ㐳ߩ㊁᧛వ↢ߛߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߪ‫ᦨࠅߪ߿ߪߣߎ߁޿߁ߎޔ‬ೋ߇⢄ᔃߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᣂ౉↢ߚߜࠍή੐ฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߣߎࠈ߹ߢߎ߉⌕ߌߡ߶ߞߣߔࠆ㑆߽ߥߊ‫ޔ‬4᦬ߩᤨὐߢ‫ޔ‬೨ᦼߩ᝼ᬺ߇⚳ࠊࠆߣ߈ߦ᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߣขࠅ⚵ߺߛߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬㕖Ᏹߦ෻⊒߇ᒝߊߡ‫ޔ‬ㅴㅌ߈ࠊ߹ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߦߥߞߡߒ߹

- 53 -

޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬޽ࠊ߿ᤨ㑆ಾࠇ߆ߣ޿߁ಾㄼߒߚ⁁ᴫߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߩߣࠄࠇߚ್ᢿߪ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦࡊ࡜ࠢ࠹ࠖࠞ࡞ߥ߽ߩߢߒߡ‫ߪߤߥ⑳ޔ‬ᄢᄌᗵ㌏ࠍฃߌߚ߽ߩߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߩౕ૕⊛ߥਛりࠍࠃߊߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪᓟ߆ࠄߢ߽ߢ߈ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ߇⚳ࠊࠆߚ߮ߦࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߢߥ޿ߣߥ߆ߥ߆ዉ౉ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ⸒ࠊࠇ߹ߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ቯᦼ⊛ߦࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫߅ޔ‬㊄ߩᵹࠇ߿੐ോ૞ᬺߩᵹࠇ߆ࠄᄌ߃ߥߊ
ߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬੐ോ߽Ꮞ߈ㄟࠎߛᒻߢߩᡷ㕟ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߛޕ‬ᢎቭߩᗧ⷗߇߹ߣ߹ࠄߥߊߡ߽‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍ⥄ὼߥᵹࠇߩਛߢⴕߞߡ޿ߌࠆ૕೙
ߠߊࠅߦవᚻࠍᛂߞߡ߅ߊߎߣ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢᗧ๧ࠍ߽ߟߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߔ‫ࠕޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ߽ߤࠇߌߔߢ޿ߒ߆߅ߣ߁⸒ߣ޿ߥࠄ߹ߟޕ޿޿߽ߢߩ߽޿ߥࠄ߹ߟޔ‬⺕߽෻ኻߒߥ޿㗄⋡ߛߌࠍ⡞ߊߎߣߦߒ߹ߔߣ‫⚿ޔ‬ዪ‫߽ߡߞ߿ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ᗧ๧ߩߥ޿ࠕࡦࠤ
࡯࠻ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ᦨޕ‬ᄢ౏⚂ᢙߣߒߡ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦวᗧߢ߈ࠆ⾰໧ߛߌߢ޿޿߆ࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬Ბ㓏ߢࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߐߖࠆߎߣߩ߶߁߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁್ᢿࠍߒߚࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ߘࠇߢ‫ߊ߿߁ࠃޔ‬᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ឭ᩺߇ᆔຬળࠍㅢࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ߘߩㆊ⒟ߢߪ‫⺞࡞ࡊࡦࠨޔ‬ᩏߢࠃߊߡ‫ోޔ‬ㇱߩ᝼ᬺߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߢࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍߒߥߊߡ߽
޿޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ߆‫ޔ‬2ᐕߦ1࿁ߋࠄ޿߿ࠇ߫޿޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ߆‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬ᗧ⷗߇⦡‫޿ࠄߊߩߤߟ޿ޔ߆ߣ߆ࠆߔࠍࠣࡦ࡝ࡊࡦࠨߦ߁ࠃߩߤ߫ࠄߥࠇߘޔ߽ߢޕߚߒ߹ߢޘ‬ߩࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡃ࡞ߢታᣉߔࠆ߆ߣ߆‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߛߌߢ⼏⺰ߩ⒳ߦߥߞߡ
ߒ߹޿߹ߔ‫ోߊ߆߽ߣޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ㇱߩ᝼ᬺߦߟ޿ߡᏱߦ᝼ᬺ⚳ੌᤨߦታᣉߔࠆߩ߇৻⇟◲නߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ޕߚߒ߹ࠅ߹ߣ߹ޔ‬߽߁ᤄߩ⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߢߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ޽ߍߡߔߴߡߩ᝼ᬺߦߟ޿ߡቇ↢ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ
⹏ଔࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ᄢቇ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᤨߩ޽ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ઍߦ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߛߌߢ޽ࠆߦߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ߣߒߡోㇱߩ᝼ᬺߦߟ߈ᔅߕቇ↢ߩ෻ᔕࠍ⡞ߊߣ᳿߼ߚߣߎ
ࠈߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ᣣᧄߩ࿖┙ᄢቇߩߥ߆ߢߪೋ߼ߡߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠇߘޕ‬ߛߌߦ෻⊒߇ᄢ߈ߊߡ‫⧰ޔ‬ഭߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߣ߽߆ߊ‫ޔ߇ߚߒ߹ߒߪ࠻࡯࠲ࠬޔ‬ਛり߇ᗧ๧ߩߥ޿ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬㊀‫ޔޘ‬㊁᧛వ↢߽ߏᛚ⍮ߢߒߚ‫↹⸘߇⑳ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਛりߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᓟߪࠃࠈߒߊ㗬߻ࠃ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬㔓࿐᳇ߩߥ߆ߢᒁ߈⛮޿ߛߩߢߔ‫ޔ߽ߡߒߣ⑳ޕ‬ቇ↢ߩ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠍ⡞ߊࠃ߁ߥࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߦ૗ߣ߆ᄌ߃ߡ޿߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿ߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⸳ߌߡ⦡‫⺞ߣޘ‬ᩏ⾗ᢱࠍ㓸߼‫ࠍࠬࠨࡦ࠮ࡦࠦޔߒࠍ⺰⼏ޔ‬ߣࠅߥ߇ࠄᄌ߃ߡ޿ߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬㊁᧛వ↢߇࡟࡯࡞ࠍᢝ޿ߡ߅޿ߡߊߛߐߞߚ߅߆ߍߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ㑆ߢ⹤߇߹ߣ߹ࠅߐ߃ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᓟߪߤߎ߽ߐࠊࠄߥߊߡ߽ߔߋߦᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆࠕࡦࠤ
࡯࠻߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ޽ࠅ߇ߚ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬ᆔຬળߢ᳿߼ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬޽ߣߪ૗߽ߒߥߊߡ߽߈ߜࠎߣ߹ࠊࠆࠊߌߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߩ್ᢿߪᱜߒ߆ߞߚߣߟߊ
ߠߊᕁ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߚߛ‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢߇ᦨೋߦ߿ࠈ߁ߣߐࠇߚߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬෻⺰⛯಴ߢߟ߱ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚ߽ߩࠍ
߽߁৻࿁ขࠅ਄ߍ⋥ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᗧ๧ߩ޽ࠆ᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߦᄌ߃ࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ߘޔ‬ࠇ⥄૕ᄢᄌߛߞߚߎߣߪ੐ታߢߔ‫ߩࡊ࡯࡞ࠣ࡮ࠣࡦࠠ࡯ࡢޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᆔຬߩవ↢ᣇߪ‫ޔ‬ീᒝળࠍ㊀ߨࠆߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ߎߩ⒟ᐲߪ߿ߪࠅᔅⷐߛࠈ߁ߣ޿߁᳿ᢿࠍߒߡߊߛߐ޿
߹ߒߚ‫↹⸘ࠍࠇߘޔߢߎߘޕ‬ᆔຬળߦ਄ߍߡ‫ੌ߽ߢߎߘޔ‬ᛚࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߡ‫߆ࠇߘޔ‬- 54 -

ࠄⷫᆔຬળߦ߽߽ߞߡ޿ߞߡߣ޿߁ᒻߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥੌᛚ߇߿ߞߣᓧࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫޿ߡߒߘޕ‬ࠃ޿ࠃታᣉߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ‫⿰ޔ‬ᣦࠍ᝼ᬺᜂᒰᢎቭߩ⊝ߐࠎߦ⸷߃ߡߏදജࠍઔ߉߹
ߒߚ‫ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ಽᨆߒ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐߩႎ๔ߥߤ߽లታߐߖ‫᦭ޔ‬ലߥᵴ↪ᣇᴺࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ␜ߒߥ߇ࠄߢߥߌࠇ߫‫ߏߩࠎߐߥߺޔ‬ℂ⸃ࠍ޿ߚߛߌߥ޿‫࠻࡯ࠤࡦࠕޔߢߎߘޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߥߤ߽ᐕߦ1࿁ߕߟ⊒ⴕߔࠆߣ޿߁ᵴേߦ߽〯ߺㄟߺߥ߇ࠄߏℂ⸃ࠍ޿ߚߛߊߣ޿߁ᒻߢ
േ߆ߒߡ޿߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰೋߪ‫↹⸘ޔ‬ᆔຬળߢ߿ࠅߊࠅߢ߈ࠆ੍▚ߢࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ߿SPSSߩ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠍ⾈޿߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᄖᵈ⾌߿ੱઙ⾌߇ᱷࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ߆ࠄ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߢ࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆ߿⴫૞ࠅ
ࠍߒ߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ߩਛ㜞ᐕᅚᕈᢎቭߩࠊࠅߦߪ‫ޔ‬SPSS߿ࠛࠢ࠮࡞߿ࡄࡢ࡯ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦ
⠌ᾫߔࠆߣ޿߁೽↥‛߹ߢ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎ߹ߢᘕ㊀ߥᆫ൓ߢ߽ߞߡߏ⾥หࠍ޿ߚߛ߈‫ޔ‬ታᣉߦ⒖ߒߡ޿ߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫ߢࠇߘޔ‬߽޽ߩᤨᦼߦߪ‫ޔ‬ඞฬߩቇౝଢ߇ዯ޿ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄛㆃߊඞฬߩ㔚⹤߇߆߆ߞߡ߈ߚࠅߥߤߒߡ‫ޔ‬ỳ↰ߐࠎ‫޿ߚߞ޿ߪߚߥ޽ޔ‬૗ࠍ߿ࠆߟ߽ࠅߥࠎߢߔ߆ߣ߆‫ߥࠆ߿ࠍ࠻࡯ࠤࡦࠕߥࠎߎޔ‬ࠎߡߌߒ߆ࠄࠎߣ߆⸒߁ᗧ⷗߇વ߃ࠄࠇߚࠅߒ߹ߒߚ‫߁߽ߪߣߎߥࠎߘߪߢ੹ޕ‬ᗐ௝߽ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ㔓࿐᳇ߦᄌࠊߞߡ߈߹ߒߚߌࠇߤ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙1994ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ6ᐕᐲ㧕߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฬᄢߩ႐วߪታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߪᄢቇክ╵↳߽಴ߐࠇߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߪദജ⟵ോߛߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍࠇߘ߽ߢޕ‬ᢿⴕߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪవ㚟⊛ߛߞߚߩߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ߪ⑳ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߪ໧㗴ߛࠄߌߛߣ޿ߟ߽ᕁߞߡ޿ߚߩ
ߢߔ߇‫ޔߦߜ߁ࠆߔ߁ߎ߁ߘޔ‬ᒰᤨߩᄢቇክ⼏ળߩᆔຬߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߦߣ޿ࠊࠇߡળ⼏ߦ಴Ꮸߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ోޔ‬࿖⊛ߥ⁁ᴫࠍ〯߹߃ߡᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆᯏળࠍᓧ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬㔀⺣ߩߣ߈ߛߞߚߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪࠃߊ߿ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ
ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ໧㗴ጊⓍߢߣߡ߽ߣߡ߽ߣ╵߃߹ߒߚࠄ‫ޟޔ‬ự↰ߐࠎ‫⋧߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬ኻ⊛ߦߪᦨ߽ఝࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔࠃ‫ޔ߈ߛߚ޿ߡߞ⸒ߣޠ‬༑ࠎߢ޿޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬ᖤߒࠎߢ޿޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿ࠍߒߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ṠἉἻἢἋỉ‫ݰ‬λᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙ႎ๔ᦠࠍ⷗߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦߥߞߡ߆ࠄ⾰ߩᜂ଻ࠍߪ߆ࠆߚ߼ߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚੑ
ߟߩᩇ߇᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߣࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩ߶߁߽‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦ߈ߜࠎߣ␜ߒߚ߁߃ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߩ߇ᄢ੐ߛߣ޿
߁ߎߣߢ‫ᦨ߽ࠇߎޔ‬ೋ߆ࠄ৻↢ ๮ขࠅ⚵ߺ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߪ‫߽ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߘޔ‬వ⷗ߩ᣿ߢ߽ߞߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋ߆ࠄ߈ߜࠎߣߒߚ߽ߩࠍ૞ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ⿛ࠅ಴ߐࠇߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣ
ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍᦨೋߦታᣉߒߚߣ߈߽‫߆ߣߚߞ߆ࠃ߇ࠬࡃ࡜ࠪޔ‬ᖡ߆ߞߚߣ߆‫ࠍࠈߎߣߩࠅߚ޽ߩߘޔ‬⡞޿ߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘߩ໧޿ߪ౒ㅢ⸳໧ߢ޿߹߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙෻⊒߇ዋߥ޿ߩߢ⾰໧ߦ౉ࠇߚߣ޿߁ߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ࠄ߆ߎߘߕ߹ޔ‬⡞ߎ߁ߣ

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ߒߚߩߪ‫ߦࠬࡃ࡜ࠪߌߛࠇߘޔ‬ജࠍ౉ࠇߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ߽‫ޔ‬ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩ㔚ሶൻߦ‫ޔ‬ഀวߦߪ߿ߊ߆ࠄขࠅ⚵ߺߛߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߦ߈ߣߥࠎߘޕ‬ᩙᧄ⧷๺వ
↢߇ਸ਼ࠅ಴ߒߡ߈ߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߡ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦሜߒ߆ߞߚߢߔ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩ޽ޕ‬ኾ㐷ኅ߇৻↢ ๮ജࠍዧߊߒߡߊߛߐߞߚ߅߆ߍߢ‫ࠅ⋓ߩࠕࠖ࠺ࠗࠕߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫޿ߔ߿޿૶ޔ‬޿޿߽ߩ߇಴᧪਄߇ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߢᄢᄌߛߣ⸒޿ߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬㤥↰వ↢߿ᩙᧄవ↢߿ߘߩઁ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᣇ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬㊀ⷐߥߎߣߛߣ޿߁ߎߣߢਸ਼ࠅ಴ߒߡ߈ߡߊߛߐ
޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታࠍ⸒߁ߣ‫߇ࠈߎߣ߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᆔຬળߩ㕙⊕ߐߢ߽޽ࠆߣᕁߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹
ߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬100ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻ᖡ޿߫߆ࠅߢߪߥ޿‫ోޕ‬ቇߦ๭߮߆ߌࠆߣᄙ჻ᷣ‫ޔߡߒߢޘ‬޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᣇ߇ജߦߥߞߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘ߁޿߁ᨵࠄ߆޿ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇㐳ᚲࠍ⊒ើߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ṡؕஜɼ᫆ᅹႸỉ‫ݰ‬λᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙వ⒟‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇ᣂߒ޿ℂᔨߣߒߡ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߎߣ߇⋡₹ߛߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ
ߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ߢ޿⁓߿⊛⋡ߚߞ޿߁޿߁ߤߪࠇߎޔ‬ዉ౉ߐࠇߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߎߩ޽ߚࠅߩߣߎࠈߪ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱߩవ↢ߣ޿߁߆‫ޔ‬రᢎ㙃ㇱߩవ↢ߚߜ߇⸳⸘ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߽ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߡߒ⸘⸳߇ࠄࠇ߆ޕ‬ᜬߜㄟࠎߢߊߛߐߞߚ߽
ߩࠍ‫ߡߴߔޔ‬ᆔຬળߣߒߡዅ㊀ߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩᣇߪ‫ߩ޽ޔ‬ࠃ߁ߥᩰᅢߢ߿ࠆࠃࠅ઀ᣇ߇ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥฃߌᱛ߼ᣇߢㆇ↪ߒߡ޿ߞߚߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫߽ࠄߜߎޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ౒ᗵߒߡ‫ޔ‬ዋੱᢙൻ߽฽߼ߡߥࠎߣ߆߁߹ߊ޿
ߊࠃ߁ߦ৻↢ ๮ദജߒߡ‫ߡ┙ߩࡆࠝޔ‬ᣇ߭ߣߟߦߒߡ߽Ꮏᄦߒߥ߇ࠄขࠅ౉ࠇߡ޿ߎ߁
ߣߒߚߣ޿߁㆑޿ߪ޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ౕߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ߽ߡߒߦࠇߕ޿ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬૕⊛ߥਛりߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ߩవ↢ᣇ߇᭴ᗐߐࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߣߒߡ߽ዅ㊀ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߣߎࠈ߇
ࡌ࡯ࠬߛߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠄߚߞ޿ߊ߹߁ߢࠇߎޟߪߤߥ⑳ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᢎ㙃ߩవ↢ߚߜߩഞ❣ߛߒ‫ࠄߚߞ߆ߥ߆޿ߊ߹߁ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ߩవ↢ߚߜߩ⽿છߢߔࠃ‫ࠄߊࠆ޽߇ߣߎߚߞ⸒ߣޠ‬޿ߢߔ‫ޔࠅߪ߿ޕ‬ၮᧄ⸳⸘ߪ‫ߩࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬᭴ᗐࠍዅ㊀ߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙߁߆߇ߞߚ⹤ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߦ߅ࠄࠇࠆవ↢ߩ㗻߱ࠇࠍ⷗ߥ߇ࠄ‫ߩߘ޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬వ↢ߦ޽ߞߚ⑼⋡ࠍ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ᒻߢ⸳⸘ߐࠇߚㇱಽ߽޽ߞߚߘ߁ߢ
ߔߨ‫ޔ߇ࠇߘޕ‬వ↢ᣇߩ⇣േߥߤ߽޽ߞߡ‫ޔߡߞߥߊߥ߆޿ߊ߹߁ޔ‬㔍ߒߊߥߞߚߣ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔߪ᧪ᧄޔ‬ቇ↢ߦኻߒߡߤ߁޿߁ᢎ⢒ࠍߤ߁޿߁߰߁ߦឭଏߔߴ߈߆ߣ޿
߁ߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ⠨߃ߡ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᔅⷐߥੱ੐ߣ޿߁߽ߩ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱߇ߥߌࠇ߫‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߩℂᗐ⊛ߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߦߐ߹ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᤨઍߦߪ‫߁ߘޔ‬޿߁ᒻߢੱ੐߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚߪߕߢߔ‫ࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ᒰᤨߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ࿕ቯ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ߆
߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ߩ⋡⑼ߩߌߛࠇߎޔ‬᝼ᬺࠍߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ࠍ᧚ੱࠆ߈ߢ߇ࠇߘޔ‬ណ↪ߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ੱ੐߇ߢ߈ߚࠊߌߢߔ‫ޔ޿߹ߒߡߞߥߊߥ߇ࠇߘޕ‬ᆔຬળߢోቇߦჿࠍ
߆ߌߡ‫߅ޔ‬ቛߩㇱዪߪߎࠇߛߌߩഀࠅᒰߡߢߔ߆ࠄవ↢ࠍ૗ੱ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁

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ߥ੤ᷤࠍቇౝߢ߿ࠆߛߌߢ‫ߡߒߚߪޔ‬චಽߪᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘ߁޿߁ㇱಽ߇޽ߞߡ߽޿޿ߎߣߪ੐ታߢߔߌࠇߤ߽‫❱⚵ޔ‬૕ߣߒߡ᳿ቯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥࠦ
ࠕߩㇱಽ߇ߥ޿ߣ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩᧄᒰߩ⾰ߪᜂ଻ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᤓᐕࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍߒ߹ߒߚጊᧄ৻⦟వ↢߿‫ޔ‬㤥↰వ↢߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬
2002ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ14ᐕᐲ㧕ߦ߹ߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ᄌࠊߞߚߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߇ಽൻߒ߹
ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡߇↢߹ࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦಾࠅಽߌ
ࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬వ↢ᣇߦᜂᒰࠍഀࠅᝄߞߡ޿ߞߡ‫ోߡߒߣ࡯ࠔࡈ࠶ࡃߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡߇ᱷߞߚߣߎࠈߦ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩᜂᒰ߆ࠄᵨࠇߚవ↢‫⺆ࠄߚߞ⸒ߣޔ‬ᑷ߇޽ࠆߩߢ
ߔߌࠇߤ߽‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᗧ๧‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᣇࠍ޽ߡࠆߣߎࠈߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨ߆ࠄዋߒਵ㔌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߦߥߞߚߣ߁߆߇޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙૛⸘ߦਵ㔌ߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘ߁޿߁ߏᜰ៰߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ߆ߩ޿ߒ߹ᦸ߇⋡⑼ߚߞ޿߁ߤߕ߹ޔ߫ࠄߥ᧪ᧄޔ‬ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߩ┙ߡᣇ߆ࠄ‫߇ߚߥߤޔ‬ᜂᒰ⠪ߣߒߡ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߣߎࠈߦⴕߊߴ߈
ߣߎࠈ߇‫ޔ‬ㅒォߒߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘࠇ߇߿ߪࠅ‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰㇱዪࠍẩߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߩᗧ๧ߥߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߢޕ‬ߔ߆ࠄ⚿ዪ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪࠍᱷߔߣ޿߁್ᢿࠍߒߚᄢቇ߇ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ቞ߞߚߣ޿߁⚿ᨐߦߥࠆߩߢ
ߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᾄώ૙᫱૙Ꮛỉܱ଀˳Сỉẝụ૾ᴾᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙2001ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ13ᐕᐲ㧕એ㒠ߩ⹤ߦ⒖ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁ㇱዪ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߢ
ߔߌࠇߤ߽‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩోቇᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁߽ߩࠍㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ߊ߁߃ߢߤ߁޿ߞߚ޽ࠅᣇ߇ᦸ߹ߒ
޿ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ߅⠨߃ߢߒࠂ߁߆㧫ສဋ㧙⑳ߪᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦߥߞߡ߆ࠄߪోὼ࠲࠶࠴ߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߖࠎߩߢ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥㆇ↪߽⍮ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ࠅߪ߿ޕ‬ㇱዪߣ޿߁߆ࠄߦߪ‫ߣੱޔ‬㊄ߣ‛ߣࠍᦨㆡߥ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦߢ߈ࠆᮭ㒢ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ⚵❱ߣ޿޿߹ߔ߆‫⥄ޔ߫߃⸒ߦ⊛┵ޔ‬ᴦᮭ߇޽ࠆ⚵❱ߢߥ޿ߣ㚝⋡ߥߩߢߪߥ
޿߆ߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪ‫ౕ߁޿߁ߤߪࠈߎߣߩࠅߚ޽ߩߘޔ‬วߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩ
ߢߔ߆‫ޕ‬
ٰႸ㧙߅ߘࠄߊ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦߣ޿߁ߩߦߪ⒟㆙޿⁁ᘒߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫৻ߪ࠻ࠬࡐޕ‬ᔕኾછߣߪ⸒߁߽
ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ታᘒߣߒߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤ౗છߢߔ߆ࠄߨ‫ޕ‬ኾછഥᢎ᝼ߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬ᢥሼㅢࠅߩኾછߩࡐࠬ
࠻ࠍ5ߟ߶ߤ↪ᗧߔࠆߣ޿߁᭴ᗐߪ޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߢߔ߇‫੹ޔ‬ၒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߇߭ߣߟ‫ޔ‬ᩙᧄߐࠎ߇ߘߎߩഥᢎ᝼ߢ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᓐߢߎߘ‫ࠍߩ߽ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬౗છߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁
ߥ᦭᭽ߢߔߒ‫ߩߣ޽ޔ‬4ߟߪၒ߹ߞߡߥ޿‫ࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬ᓟߩኾછᢎ᝼ߪฦㇱዪߩᄢ‛ߩవ↢ߦ᧪ߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㊀ߒߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߛߊߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬

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ສဋ㧙ᆔຬળᣇᑼࠍዋߒᚻ⋥ߒߒߚߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߩࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡑ࡯ߦ
Ყߴߚࠄ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹൕࠃࠅቴຬߊࠄ޿ߦߪߥߞߚߣ⸒޿߹ߔ߆‫߁߽ޔ‬ዋߒ㊀޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖ
ࠎ߇‫ޔ‬౗છߣ߆ߘߩߊࠄ޿ߩᗵߓߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߡ߼ߖޕ‬ฬ೨ߊࠄ޿ߪኾછߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬࠃࠅߪߪࠆ߆ߦ㊀޿ߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔߌࠇߤ‫ޔ‬ự↰వ↢߇߅ߞߒ߾ߞߚࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‛ޔੱޔ‬㊄‫ߦ․ޔ‬ታᣉߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ
ߎࠈ߇ਇචಽߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘࠇߢߪ߿ߪࠅㇱዪߩฬߦ୯ߒߥ޿ࠊߌߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᤄߩࠃ߁ߦᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁ㇱዪ߇޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹൕએᄖߪ‫ޔ߇ࠎߖ߹ࠇߒ߽߆ߩ޿޿߽ߡߊߥߪߢߩ߁޿ߣ߁⾔ࠍߡోߢߎߘޔ‬ࠦࠕߛߌߪኾછߩᢎຬߢ⾔߁߽ߩߣߒ‫ޔ‬ᓟߪઁㇱዪߩᔕេࠍ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᒻߢ㗬ߺߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪ޽ߞߡ߽޿޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬⑳⥄り߽‫ޔ‬ᤄߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1‫ޔ‬2ᐕߪቇ↢߇ᢎ㙃ㇱߦᚲዻߒߡ‫ޔ‬3‫ޔ‬4ᐕߦߥࠆߣኾ㐷ߦⴕߊߣ޿߁඙ಾࠅߢߪߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ߩ߶߁߇޿޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹
ߔ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᄌ߃ߚ߆ࠄߣ޿ߞߡ߿ߪࠅᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߒߚߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ߥߗᜂᒰㇱዪ߇ߥߊߡ޿޿ߩ߆‫ᧄߪ޿ࠆ޽ޕ‬ㇱ⋥ロߣߒ‫ੱߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬੐ᨒ߽޽ߞߡታᣉ
ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ߣ޿޿߽ࠇߘޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ฦㇱዪߩᢎ᝼ળߦੱ੐ᮭ߇޽ࠆ
ߛߌߢ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ↪ߩࡐࠬ࠻ߪߥ޿ߥ߆ߢ‫ߪߣ޽ޔ‬౗છ߿ࠄߥߦ߿ࠄߢߏ߹߆ߒߥ߇ࠄㆇ
↪ߒߡ޿ߊߛߌߣ޿߁⒟ᐲߩ㊀ߺߒ߆‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪ߽ߚߥ޿ߩ߆‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍߘࠇߛߌߩ߽ߩߣߒ߆૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ߥ޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ߶ߣࠎߤߩ࿖┙ᄢቇߪߘ߁޿߁߰
߁ߦߒ߆ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍᛒߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩ߆ߣ޿߁⹤ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇߇ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
߽ߒ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߥࠄ߫‫૶ޔ‬๮ᗵࠍ߽ߞߡ‫ ↢৻ޔ‬๮ࡈ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߢ߿ࠆߣ޿߁‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ੱߚߜ߇ࠦࠕߦ޿ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘߩ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ಴௛૕೙ߣ޿߁߽ߩߩᣂߒߐߣ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ታ㓙ߦㆇ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߇ᄖ߆ࠄ㕖Ᏹߦ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ోޕ‬ቇ಴௛૕೙ߣ޿߁ߩ߽‫߭ޔ‬ߣߟߩㇱዪߩߥ߆ߦߒߞ߆ࠅߣ⥄ᴦᮭ߇޽ߞߡ‫ߦߎߘޔ‬ኾછߩవ↢߇޿ࠄߞߒ߾ࠆߣ޿߁
ᒻᑼߣߪ㆑ߞߚࡕ࠺࡞ߦߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ߊ߹߁ࠍࠈߎߣߩߎߘޔ‬ℂᔨߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߔࠅวࠊߖ
ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠅ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬వ⒟߽⸒޿߹ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᤄߩࠃ߁ߦᢎ㙃ㇱߛߌ߇ో⽿છࠍ⽶ߞߡ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹൕߛߌࠍ㗬߻ߣ޿߁ߩߢߪߥߊߡ‫ࠍߌߛࠕࠦޔ‬ኾછߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߢ߿ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ߣߞ߽ޔ‬ᨵエߥᒻߢోቇߦ಴௛ࠍଐ㗬ߒߡߘߎࠍ৻✜ߦ߿ࠅ߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ޿߁૕೙߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ
⥄૕ߪ⹏ଔߢ߈߹ߔ‫ࠆߥߦࠕࠦߩߘޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ㇱಽ߇ߥ޿߹߹ߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇ಴௛ߣߛߌ⸒ߞ
ߡ߽‫ߣ߆޿ߥߪߢߩ޿ߒ⧰߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙੐ോߩ߶߁ߪ⺞ᢛߦㅊࠊࠇߡᄢᄌߥࠃ߁ߥශ⽎ࠍฃߌ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫৻ޕ‬ᤄ೨ߣᲧߴ߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ዋߒߕߟ೽✚㐳⡯߇ታ⾰ൻߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬

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ᡷༀὐߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߩࠃ߁ߥ┙႐ߩ߽ߩ߇‫߆ߦߥޔ‬⍮ࠄߥ޿ߌࠇ
ߤ߽Ꮞ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ‫ߎߚߞ߆ߥࠄߥ߫ࠇߌߥࠄ߿ߢࠈߎߣߥ߁ࠃߩ࠻࠶ࠤࡐࠕࠛޔ‬ࠈߣᲧߴ߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫߁߽ߛߚޕ‬ዋߒ‫ࠕࠦޔ‬ㇱಽߩᒝൻ߇ᔅⷐߥ
ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇߇ߒ߹ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᾅώ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉ˖ဒᇌకೞᏡể᭗ሁ૙ᏋᄂᆮἍὅἑὊỉࢫлᴾᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙ࠦࠕ⚵❱ߣߥߞߚߣ߈‫߁޿߁ߤޔ‬ᮭ㒢ߣᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߟ߆ߣ޿߁ߣߎࠈ߇ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߦߥ
ࠆߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫┙ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠅߪ߿ޔ‬᩺࡮ડ↹ߣ߆‫ޔ‬ᡷༀឭ᩺ߺߚ޿ߥߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲᜂ߁ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ᭴ᗐߥߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙⑳ߪᦨೋߦ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ߢ߈ߚߣ߈ߦ‫ߩߘ߇࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޔ‬ᓟߩ᜛లߦࠃߞ
ߡ‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᯏ⢻ࠍᜂ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡߊࠇߥ޿߆ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ർᄢߐࠎ߇ߘ߁޿߁ࡕ࠺࡞ߢߔߨ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ⢻㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߣ
޿߁ฬ೨ߦᄌ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘ߇ߎߘ޽ޔ‬૏⟎ߠߌߢ‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺ߒߚ߽ߩߪߔߋㆇ↪ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥࡋ࠶࠼࡮ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯⊛ߥ⚵❱᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ߈߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙߈ߞߣ㊁᧛వ↢߿᫪వ↢߽‫߅߁޿߁ߘޔ‬⠨߃ߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩฬᄢߩቇౝ੐ᖱ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߒ߆ߢ߈߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫߽ߦ⊛࠻ࠬࡐޕ‬ዊߐ޿߽ߩߣߒߡࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߒ߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬዁᧪⊛ߦߪዋߒߕߟ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࡐࠬ࠻ࠍჇ߿ߒߥ
߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬లታߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ߩߡߒߣ࡯࠲࡯ࠜࠢ࡮࠼࠶ࡋ߇࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޔ‬ታ⾰ࠍߛࠎߛࠎߣჇߒߡ޿ߌ߫‫ߣ߆޿ߥߪߢߩࠆߥ߆ߣࠎߥޔ‬ᕁߞߡ޿ࠄߞߒ߾ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁ߣផ᷹ߒ
ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߣߎࠈ߇ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇⸳ߌࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ‫ߣ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޔ‬දജߪߔࠆߌࠇߤ߽
ߘࠇߙࠇ߇⁛┙ߒߚ⚵❱ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⸳⸘ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫޿ߣ߆޿޿߇ࠄߜߤޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬߁ߎߣߦߥࠆߣ‫৻ߊࠄߘ߅ޔ‬㐳৻⍴ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫┙ߥ࡯࡝ࡈޔ߽ߡߒߣ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޕ‬႐ߢᕁ޿ಾߞߚឭ⸒ࠍߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ߪߦࠄ߆ߚߞ⸒ޕ‬ታᣉ㕙߽⽿છࠍᜬߡߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚵❱✬ᚑߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢ⢙ߥߎߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ߣ
޿߁஥㕙߇޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙޽ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ቇౝߢ߽ẜ࿷⊛ߥ࠾࡯࠭ߪ⚿᭴޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫߁޿߁ߘޕ‬ẜ࿷⊛ߥ࠾࡯࠭ࠍࠠࡖ
࠶࠴ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ߎ߁޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ฬᄢߣߒߡ‫⺖޿ߥߌ޿ߪߡߊߥ߆޿ߡߞ߿ޔ‬㗴ߛߣ޿߁ឭ␜ࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁ᯏ⢻ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ߊߎߣ߽ߣߡ߽ᄢ੐ߥߎߣߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇ߥ޿ߣ࿎ࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂ࠍ߽ߞߡ‫ ↢৻ߢߥࠎߺޔ‬๮↢ߺ಴ߒߚࠃ߁ߥߣߎࠈ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬චಽߦᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ߚߛߊߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣߪ೎⚵❱ߣ޿߁૏⟎ߠߌߩᣇ߇‫ޔࠄߚߒߢߣߎ߁޿ߣ޿ߔ߿ࠅ߿ߡߞ߃߆ޔ‬ߘࠇߪߘࠇߢሜߒ޿ߎߣߢߔ‫ޔߊ߆߽ߣޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ࠍ⌀೶ߦኾ㐷⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߒߡേ߆ߒߡ޿ߊ⚵❱߇ᄢቇߩߥ߆ߦߥ޿ߣ‫߽ߡߣޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩㅴዷߪ

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ᦸ߼ߥ޿ߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍᆔຬળᣇᑼߢᆎ߼ߚ߇ࠁ߃ߦ‫߁ߘߞ޿ޔ‬ᒝ߆ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙޿ߊߟ߆ႎ๔ᦠࠍ⺒ߺ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⦡‫ߣޘ‬᜙⷗ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫⚿ޔ‬ዪฦㇱዪන૏ߢ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㆑ߞߚ߽ߩ߇ߢ߈ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬4ᐕ㑆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪหߓߥࠎߛߌࠇ
ߤ߽‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ౝኈߪ߫ࠄ߫ࠄߢ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦߎ߁޿߁ᒻߢ޿޿ߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣᕁߞߚࠅ߽ߔ
ࠆࠊߌߢߔ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᢥ♽ߥࠄᢥ♽ߢ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽߆ߥࠅ౒ㅢߩㇱಽࠍ૞ߞߡߺߡߣ޿߁
ࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ޕ‬
ສဋ㧙ᴺቇㇱߪ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ᴺቇㇱߪ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍዅ㊀ߒߡᔀᐩߒ߹ߒ
ߚࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇߩਛߢ߽㓙┙ߞߡߒ߹޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ᧄޕ‬ᒰߪߘ߁޿߁ߣߎࠈࠍ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩㇱಽࠍ૞ߞߡ޿ߞߡ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߢߢ߈ࠆ
ߣߎࠈߪߥࠆߴߊ৻ర⊛ߦ߿ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ࠍᄢ੐ߦߔࠆᗧ๧ߢ߽ߘ߁޿ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸳⸘ߢ߈
ࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔࠅߥ࡯࠲࡯ࠜࠢ࡮࠼࠶ࡋޔ‬ឭ⸒ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥㇱ⟑߇޽ߞߚࠄ޿޿ߩߢߪ
ߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ਅߩߣߎࠈ߆ࠄⓍߺ਄ߍߡ޿ߞߡ‫ోߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬૕ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍ૞ࠆࠃ߁ߥ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍ૞ࠆ‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ㇱ⟑ߢߔߨ‫߽ߣ߭ߗޔࠍࠇߘޔ‬ฬᄢߦ૞ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߢ
ߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇ߪߒ߹ߔߒ‫ࠍࠈߎߣ߁޿߁ߘޔ‬వ↢ߩᆔຬળ߽ᄙಽ߿ߞߡ߅ࠄࠇߡ‫ߣޔ‬ࠅ޽߃ߕߪฦㇱዪߏߣߦ಴ߐࠇߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߛߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ⑳ߪฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᧄᒰߦ⍴޿ᦼ㑆ߦ޽ࠇ߽ߎࠇ߽߿ࠄߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ߪᦼᤨߩ޽ޔ‬ᄢ㛍േߢߒߡ‫߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬චಽߦᬌ⸛ߒߡ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߔࠆߣ޿߁૛⵨ߪߥ߆ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᒰᤨߪߜࠂ߁ߤᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻ߽ᐔⴕߒߡⴕࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ᦨ߽ᔔߒ߆ߞߚᤨᦼߦߪ‫ޔ‬1ㅳ㑆ߦ10࿁ળ⼏߇޽ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߦ߆ߎߤޕ‬ᦠ޿ߚ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨቇ㐳ߩᣧᎹవ↢߇ᕆߦ߅੢ߊߥࠅߦߥߞߡ‫߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ߦ᧻የᆔຬળ߇৻ᣤᐫߓ߹޿ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬૞ᬺ߇ਛᢿߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬4᦬߆ࠄട⮮ᣂ✚㐳ߩ߽ߣߢ߽
߁৻࿁ᆔຬળ߇┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬6᦬ߦ᭎▚ⷐ᳞ࠍ಴ߔ߹ߢߩ㑆‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦᤨ㑆ߩߥ޿ߥ߆ߢ⸳
⸘ߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁⠀⋡ߦ㒱ߞߡߒ߹޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ട⮮✚㐳߆ࠄ㊁᧛వ↢߇‫᧻ޔ‬የᆔຬળߩ⛯߈ࠍⴕ߁ࠃ߁‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳ࠍߤ߁ߒߡ߽ᒁ߈ฃߌߡߊࠇߣ㗬߹ࠇ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢߇઀ᣇߥߊ‫ߡߞ߾ߒߞ߅ߣߔ߹ࠅ߿ޔ‬એ㒠ߪ‫ޔ‬1ㅳ㑆ߦ10࿁ߩળ⼏߽ਇᕁ⼏ߢߪߥ޿⁁ᴫߢ޽ߞߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬6᦬߹ߢߦ┙᩺ߢ߈߹ߖࠎߣ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟߇1ᐕవߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁߆ࠄߢߔ‫ߘޕ‬߁ߎ߁ߒߡ߿ߞߣ᭎▚ⷐ᳞ࠍ಴ߔߣߎࠈ߹ߢ޿߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬㊁᧛వ↢ߪᧄᒰߦࠃߊߏዧജ
ߦߥࠄࠇߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍᦼᤨߩ޽߆ߣࠎߥޔࠄ߆ߚ޿߇࡯࠳࡯࡝޿޿ޕ‬ਸ਼ࠅಾࠇߚߩߛߣ
ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬- 60 -

ٰႸ㧙ᄙߊߩవ↢ᣇߩ‶†⊛ߥ‫ߥ⊛␹♖ޔ‬௛߈ߩߥ߆ߢ૞ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ສဋ㧙ߘߩ޽ߚࠅߩߎߣߪ‫߅ޔ‬ቛߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᯏ㑐⚕ߦᦠ޿ߚߎߣ߇޽ߞߚ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߐߦߘߎߦᦠ߈߹ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫߇ߩ߁޿ߣߛߩ߽ߛࠎߔߦߕࠄ߃߆ࠅߊߞ߭߇⦁ߊࠃޔ‬ታᗵߢߔ‫ߚࠇߐ࠼࡯࡝ࠍᦼᤨߩߘޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬వ↢ᣇ߇޽ࠎߥߦ৻↢ ๮ߦዧߊߐࠇ߹ߒߚ
ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᓟࠍ⛮޿ߢᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ⠪ߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ജࠍዧߊߐߥߌࠇ߫޿ߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁
᳇ᜬߜߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߪߊߒ⹦ޔࠇ޽߽ߣޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦᦠ߈߹ߒߚߣ߅ࠅߢߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᤄߩߎߣߪ޽ࠇࠍߏⷩਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߤ߁߽޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ߅⹤ߦᆎ߹ߞߡ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩዷᦸ߹ߢᢎ߃ߡ޿ߚߛ޿
ߡ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣߪᧄᒰߦ޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬- 61 -

 ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏԙ◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼㧔ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮㧕߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯⸥㍳⺞ᩏᣣᤨ㧦 2004ᐕ10᦬20ᣣ ඦᓟ5ᤨ㨪7ᤨ⺞ ᩏ ⠪㧦 ᄐ⋡㆐਽‫ޔ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔એ਄‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ᾀώᴾ μ‫ܖ‬૙ᏋỆ᧙ẴỦኵጢᾉ଒૙᫱ᢿỉᚐ˳ỉኺዾᴾᴾᾀώᾀᴾ ૙Ճỉࢳᢀ᩿Ểỉբ᫆ᴾ
ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ోቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔߡࠇߐߥ߇ߒ⋥⷗߁޿߁ߤޔ‬૗߇⛮ᛚߐࠇߡ‫ޔ‬૗߇ᡷༀߣ
ߒߡࡊ࡜ࠬߐࠇߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁ౝኈ㕙ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ໧㗴ߪߐࠆߎߣߥ߇ࠄ‫❱⚵ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᄌㆫ߽ήⷞߔࠆߎߣߩߢ߈ߥ޿໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ 3 ߟߩᩇ߆ࠄߥࠆ⾰໧㗄⋡ߩ㧝߇‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚵❱ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⾰໧ߢߔ‫↰◉ޕ‬వ↢ߦ߽ࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚࠃ
߁ߦ‫࡯࠲࡯ࠜ࠙ࠢ࡮࠼࠶ࡋޔ‬೙ߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲ࠍ㗄⋡ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡട߃߹ߒߚ‫ోޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩౝኈߣ޿߁ߩ߇ 2 ⇟ߩᩇߢߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⚵❱ߣߒߡ੹ᓟߤ߁޿߁߰߁ߥߎߣ
߇ࠄ߇ዷᦸߐࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣ߽߁߆߇߃ࠇ߫ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙߹ߕᣥᢎ㙃ㇱ⸃૕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻✲ߦ㑐ߒߡ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻ߇ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ౝ⊒⊛ߥേᯏߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ߻ߒࠈ⸒ߞߡߺࠇ߫ᄖ࿶ߢ᳿߹ߞߚㇱಽ߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ࠃ
߁ߥߎߣࠍ◉↰వ↢߇⸒ࠊࠇߚߣ⡞߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ታ⾰⊛ߦߪߘ߁ߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟ߦߟ޿ߡߪ 20 ᐕએ਄߽೨‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒૕೙ߦߥࠆ೨ߦᢎ㙃ㇱᡷ㕟ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇᬌ⸛߇㊀ߨࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬㑆ߦᢎ㙃ㇱౝߦߪ✚วቇⴚㇱ᭴ᗐߥߤ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱൻߒߡᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ᧦ઙߩᡷༀࠍߪ߆ࠅߚ޿ߣ޿߁േ߈߇޽
ࠅ㐳޿ᱧผ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫⚿߇ࠇߘޔ‬ታߒߚߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ߻ߒࠈ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߣో࿖ߩᄢቇߩᵹࠇߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⸃૕ߣ޿߁ⷐ࿃ߩᣇ߇㆝߆ߦᄢ߈޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ
⑳ߪℂ⸃ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߽ߡߞ޿ߪ߁ߘޕ‬20 ᐕ㑆ߩᡷ㕟ߩᵹࠇߣߪ᳿ߒߡή㑐ଥߢߪ޽ࠅ߹
ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ႐วߪ 20 ᐕ߆ߌߡ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬෸߮଻ஜ૕⢒ߩਔㇱ㐷߇⁛┙ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ
ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ߆ߥࠅ◲⚛ൻߒ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ㇱಽߛߌߢᱷߒߚߎߣ߇ᦨ⚳⊛ߦቇㇱ࡮⎇ⓥ⑼᭴ᗐࠍឬ߈ᤃߊߒߚߣ޿߃ࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ㐳ᐕߩദജ߇ታࠍ⚿ࠎߛ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ߩ⑳ޔߦࠇߘޕ‬๟ࠅߩੱ‫ߩޘ‬᳇ᜬߜߣߒߡߪ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ᧦
ઙߩਇᐔ╬ൻࠍ࿑ࠆߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇ᒝ߆ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߇ߔߢ޿ߥߪߢߤ߶੹ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ߹߹ߢ߽ߘࠇߥࠅߦᄢቇ㒮ߩ౗છൻ‫ޔ‬౗ᜂൻߣ޿߁ߩߪㅴࠎߢߪ޿߹ߒߚߒ‫ޔ‬ᓙㆄ㕙ߢߩᡷༀ߽ࠁߞߊࠅߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇ㅴࠎߢߪ޿߹ߒߚ‫ੱޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬੐ߩ⁛┙ᕈ߽ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ߎߜࠄ߆ࠄ⷗ߚߣ߈ߦߪ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ഥߌߦߥࠆߣ߈߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ߥࠎࠈ޿ޔ‬஥㕙߇޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ోㇱ߇ᖡ߆ߞߚߣߪᕁ޿߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬ᐔ╬ߩ┙႐ߢᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥࠍᜂᒰߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇ᒝ
߆ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⚳ᚢ⋥ᓟߣ㆑޿߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߘࠇ⥄૕ߪ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦߥࠆߴߊ⸠✵ࠍฃߌߡ߈
ߚੱߚߜ߫߆ࠅߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߒߚߩߢ‫⎇߁ߘߞ޿ޔ‬ⓥ᧦ઙߩᐔ╬ൻߣ޿߁ᕁ޿߇ᒝ߆ߞߚ
ߩߛࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߜߚ⑳ޕ‬਎ઍߢߪ․ߦ‫ޔ‬หߓߣߎࠈߢ⎇ⓥ↢ᵴࠍᆎ߼ߡ‫ࠅߥࠇߘޔ‬- 62 -

ߩᔅὼᕈߪ޽ࠅ߃ߚߣߒߡ߽‫߹ߚ߹ߚޔ‬ㄡࠅ⌕޿ߚߣߎࠈ߇‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߣᢎ㙃ㇱߣ޿߁೎ࠇߦ
ߥߞߚߣ޿߁৻㕙߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᾀώᾁ‫ܖ‬ဃ૙ᏋỆấẬỦբ᫆ໜᴾ
ᯓ‫އ‬㧙੹ߩ߅⹤ߪ․ߦᢎຬ஥ߩ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᢎ⢒ߩ᧦ઙ‫ࠄ߆ࠇߘޔ‬ᓙㆄ㕙ߢߩ໧㗴ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ
ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩቇ↢ᢎ⢒ߩ໧㗴ὐ߇޽ࠅ‫ߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬ౝ⊒⊛ߦ⚵❱߇ᄌࠊࠄߥߌࠇ߫޿ߌ
ߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ޽ߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢎ⢒ቇߩ㗔ၞߢ߹ߣ߼ࠄ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆᱧผᦠࠍ⺒ߺ߹ߔߣ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߩਃ♽೉ဋ╬ᣇᑼߣ޿߁ߩ߽੐ታ਄⎕✋ߒߡ߈ߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩᄢⴐൻ߇ㅴ߻ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ඨᢙߦㄭ޿ੱ߇ㅴቇߒߡߊࠆ‫ߔ߁ߘޕ‬ࠆߣ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬㜞ᩞᲑ㓏ߢጁୃߒߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߣߥࠎࠄᄌࠊࠅߥ޿߽ߩࠍ߽߁ 1 ࿁‫ޔ‬1 ᐕ↢
ߣ 2 ᐕ↢ߩᲑ㓏ߢጁୃߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ࡠࡊࠬࡑࠍߩ߽߁޿߁ߘޕ‬ᢎ⢒ߢ߿ࠆߎߣߦኻ
ߔࠆቇ↢ߩਇḩߣ޿߁߽ߩ߽‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢߪ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁߰߁ߥᢥ₂ࠍ⺒ࠎߛߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߘ߁޿ߞߚ߽ߩ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ⚵❱ᡷ㕟ߩᓟ᛼ߒߩⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߚߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߽৻ᣇߢߪ
޽ࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙৻⥸ߦߪߘߩࠃ߁ߦ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫ߥ߁ࠃߩ⑳ޔ‬ᢥ♽ߩ┙႐߆ࠄߺࠆߣ‫ࠃߩߘޔ‬߁ߥ⠨߃ᣇߦߪ⇼໧ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㜞ᩞߩቇ⠌ߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߣ޿߁ߩ߇㓐ᚲߢ⿠߈ߡ޿ߚ߆ߤ߁߆ߣ⸒߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ႐ว߅ߘࠄߊ㆑߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ੱߦ․ޕ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇߢߪߪߞ߈ࠅ㆑߁ߪߕߢߔ‫ޕ‬ೋᐕᰴᢎ⢒ߩ㕙ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ଔ୯⋧ኻᕈߩℂ⸃ࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߡᄢቇ
↢ߣߒߡߩቇ⠌ߩ઀ᣇߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᢎ߃ࠆߎߣ߇‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇߢߪ㊀ⷐߣ⥄ⷡߒߡ߈ߚߣᕁ
޿߹ߔ‫ߪߣߎ޿ߒ⹦ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ಽ߆ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩಽ㊁ߢ߽‫ޔ‬㜞ᩞߢ↢‛ࠍീᒝߒߡ
᧪ߥ޿߆ࠄ࿎ࠆߣ߆‫‛ޔ‬ℂࠍീᒝߒߥ޿ߢ࿎ࠆߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ᗧ⼂߇ቇㇱߩੱߚߜ߆ࠄ
ߢ߽⡞ߎ߃ߡ߈߹ߔ߆ࠄ‫ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬㜞ᩞߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ߇޽ߞߚߣߪᕁ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒߇ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇߩ᭎⺰⊛᝼ᬺߩ⟜೉ߦߥࠅ߇ߜߢ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߆ࠄ߽‫⥸ޟ‬ᢎ㧔ࡄࡦ࡚ࠠ࠙㧕‫ߣޠ‬㒶ญߐࠇߡⴕ߈⹣߹ࠅᗵ߇޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ⡞޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩߖ޿ߢߪߥߊ‫⟎⸳ߘߎࠇߘޕߔߢ޿ߖߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ၮḰߩ໧㗴ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ࠍࠄߜߘޔ‬ᄌ߃ࠇ߫޿߆ࠃ߁ߦ߽ߢ߈ߚߪߕߢߔ‫ޕ‬ታߪၮᧄਥ㗴ߣ޿߁߿ࠅᣇߪ‫ߦߢߔޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇޽ࠆ߁ߜ߆ࠄዋߒߕߟዉ౉ߒߚߩߢ޽ߞ
ߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߦߥߞߡೋ߼ߡ߿ߞߚߩߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬1 ᐕߛ߆ 2 ᐕߛ߆ᔓࠇ߹ߒ
ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬వขࠅࠍ߿ߞߚߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇߹ߛᱷߞߡ޿ߡ‫ߊࠄߘ߅ޔ‬ᄢ✁ൻߩᤨὐߢ߿ߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ޔ‬ᄢ✁ൻߩᣇ㊎ߦᴪࠊߥߊߡߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߢߒࠂ߁‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ‫ߪࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߢታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚ੐ᨩ߿‫ߚࠇߐߥޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߎߣߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ߛ߆ࠄᢎ⢒⚵❱ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ㇱ߇޿ߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁⹤ߦߪߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁᳇߇⑳ߪߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߚߛ‫ోޔߢ߽ࠇߎ߽ࠇߘޔ‬૕ࠍ⷗⋥ߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ޿߁⹤ߦߥߞߚߎߣߪ⏕߆ߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߪታᣉ⚵❱ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫߁޿߁ߤ߇❱⚵ߩߘޔ‬૕♽ߢᢎ⢒ࠍታᣉߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ߞ
ߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈߣታᣉ⚵❱ߣߪ⺰ℂ⊛ߦߪ⋥⚿ߒߥ޿ߪߕߛߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ⚵❱ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ㇱ೙ᐲߦߪᄙߊߩ໧㗴߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨᢎ⢒㕙ߛߌߦ㒢ߞߡఝࠇߡ޿
ߚὐ߇޽ࠆߣߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆਥ૕ᕈࠍᜬߡߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ᴾ- 63 -

ᾁώỽἼỿἷἻἲỉܱ଀˳Сỉኵጢ‫٭‬ᢟᾉɼ˳ࣱỉᄩ̬ᴾ
ስဋ㧙ᒰᤨߪ‫ోޔ߽ߡ޿ߟߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ቇߩหᗧࠍᓧߥ߇ࠄߢߪ޽ࠆߦߒߡ߽‫࡝ࠞޔ‬ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߣ޿߁ߩࠍ૗ᐕᰴ߆ߦࠊߚߞߡታᣉߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽ߢ߈߹ߒߚ߆ࠄ‫࡝ࠞޔ‬ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩὐᬌ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍਥ૕⊛ߦⴕ޿߃ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩ
ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙ߣ޿߁ⷞὐߢ⷗ߚߣ߈ߦߪఝࠇߚὐߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩᄢቇ
ߢ߽หߓߎߣߢߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߢᢎ㙃ㇱࠍᑄᱛߒߚㅜ┵ߦ‫ޔ‬ታᣉߣડ↹┙᩺ߩਔ㕙
ߦ⽿છࠍ߽ߟਥ૕߇ߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢᆔຬળᣇᑼ߇߅߆ࠇߚ‫⽿ޔߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬છㇱዪ߇ߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢ‫⽿ޔ‬છㇱዪߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ㇱߦઍࠊࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ฬ೨ߩᆔຬળࠍ߅ߊߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ዋߒ㆚ߞߡߺ߹ߒߚࠄ‫ᧄޔ‬ቇߦ߽྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߺߚ޿ߥ
ฬ⒓ߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬1993 ᐕᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 5 ᐕᐲ㧕ߦߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘࠇ߆ࠄ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫↹⸘ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇ߢ߈ߡ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ታᣉㆇ༡ᆔຬળ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙1994 ᐕ㧔ᐔᚑ 6 ᐕ㧕ߦߢ߈ߚਅㇱᆔຬળ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙⸘↹ᆔຬળߣታᣉㆇ༡ᆔຬળߪᔅߕߒ߽਄ਅ㑐ଥߦ┙ߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߢߔ߇‫ߒߛߚޔ‬ᯏ⢻⊛ߦߪ߆ߥࠅ㊀ߥࠅวߞߚㇱಽ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ડ↹┙᩺ߣታᣉࠍಾࠅಽ
ߌࠆߣ޿߁‫ࠍ࡞ࠗ࠲ࠬࠆࠇࠊ⸒ߊࠃޔ‬ขࠈ߁ߣߒߚߩߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫߅ޔ‬੕޿ߩ᫮ߺಽߌ
߇߁߹ߊ޿߆ߥߊߡ‫⚿ޔ‬ዪ৻రൻߒߚߣ޿߁ߩ߇ߘߩᓟߦ಴ߡ߈ߚ 1999 ᐕ㧔ᐔᚑ 11 ᐕ㧕ߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߢߔ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ႐วߦߪ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ᜂᒰߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸘▚ᣇᑼߦᓥߞߡ
ታ⾰⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩ 60㧑૏ࠍᖱᢥ߅ࠃ߮ੱᖱߩᣇߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢᜂᒰߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪᢎ㙃ㇱߩ৻ㇱ߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ৻㕙߇޽ߞߚߩߢߔ߇‫ߪࠇߘޔ‬ታᣉ㓸࿅ߦߔ߉߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩࠃ߁ߦડ↹┙᩺‫ޔ‬ὐᬌ‫ޔ‬ᡷ✬ߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥᯏ
⢻ߪ߽ߜ߃ߕ‫⽿ࠆ߿ࠍߣߎߚࠇࠊ⸒ޔ‬છߩߺࠍ⽶ߞߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁⁁ᘒߛߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ోቇᢎ⢒૕೙ߦ⒖ⴕߔࠆ೨ߩ 2002 ᐕ㧔ᐔᚑ 14 ᐕ㧕ᒰᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᄢቇ߽ᆔຬળᣇᑼߣ޿
߁‫ߣߚߞߛߣߎߥ߁ࠃߚૃޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫⥸৻ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߩੱᢙ‫ⷰ߇ߩ߁޿ߣ࠻ࠬࡐޔ‬ᔨߐࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙዋߘࠇ߇ቇౝߢ⒖േߒߚߣߎࠈ߇⒖േߒߚᢙߦᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍಽᜂߔࠆߣ޿߁߿ࠅᣇ߇߶ߣࠎߤో࿖⊛ߥ㘑ầߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߽ߘߩ଀ᄖߢߪ޽ࠅ
߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߩߥ߆ߢ߽‫↹⸘ޔ߫߃ߣߚޔ‬ᆔຬળ‫ ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬1999 ᐕએ㒠ߩ 2000 ᐕ߆ࠄߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ડ↹┙߽᩺ታᣉ߽ਔ㕙⽿છࠍ߽ߜ߹ߔ߆ࠄ‫ࠅ߿ޔ‬ᣇߦࠃߞߡߪࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⷗⋥ߒ߿ᡷༀࠍ߿ࠇࠆߪߕߢߒߚ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ᬌ⸛ࡢ࡯ࠠ
ࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߽⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᳰ↰వ↢߇ਥᩏࠍ⑳߇೽ᩏࠍോ߼ߚࠃ߁ߥᤨᦼ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒ
ߚ‫ߤ߶ࠇߘޔ߽ߤࠇߌߚࠇ߆߅ߪ❱⚵߁޿߁ߘޕ‬ᄙߊߩᚑᨐࠍ޽ߍࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎߢ
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫߅ޔ߇ߔߢߣߎࠆࠇࠊ⸒ߊ߆ߣޔ‬੕޿ߦฦㇱዪ߇⽿છࠍᨐߚߔߎߣࠍ⋙ⷞߔࠆᆔຬળߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆ஥㕙ߩᣇ߇ᒝߊ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬⍦⋫߇ߢߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎ
ߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ฦㇱዪ߆ࠄߩ೑⋉ઍ⴫ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⸘↹ᆔຬળ߿౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߢ⏕߆߼ว߁ߣ
޿߁ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⸳ߌࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪ߇ഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇߚ⽿છࠍ߅੕޿ߦ߈ߜࠎߣᨐߚߒߡ

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޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⋧੕⋙ⷞߔࠆߣ޿߁ᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬੐ᖱㅢߦߪ‫ࠇߎޔ‬
ߪ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߣᜂᒰ⠪ߣ߇ࠃߊㆡวߒߚᒰೋߪᖡߊߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߩࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᾂώ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸỉЎ‫˳ޓ‬СẦỤဃẳỦբ᫆ໜᴾ
ስဋ㧙ߤߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ࠍ⺕߇߿ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇߶ߣࠎߤ⷗߃ߡ޿߹ߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴ߦߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ৻ੱ৻ੱߩ㗻ࠍᕁ޿ᶋ߆ߴߥ߇ࠄਥ㗴ߣ⑼⋡ࠍߚߡࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚࠊ
ߌߢߔ‫ߩੱޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ᢙߛߌ‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴‫ޔ‬೽ਥ㗴‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩ࠹࡯ࡑ߇ߚߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ
ߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄ‫ߦ߁߰߁޿ߣ߁ࠈߛ޿޿߇ࡑ࡯࠹ߩߎߪߦߜߚੱߩߘޔ‬ᕁ޿ᶋ߆ߴߡ‫ޔ‬⊒⿷ᒰᤨߦߪߘߩᜂᒰ⠪ߦ৻⇟วߞߚฬ⒓ߩਥ㗴ߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߇ߚߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇⸒߃߹
ߔ‫ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬2 ࠢ࡯࡞߽ㆊ߉߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ㅌቭ⠪‫ޔ‬ォ☋⠪߇ߢߡߊࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ੱ߇߈߹ߔ߇‫ޔ߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬ᚒᘟߒߡߘߩ೨ߩੱߩ⑼⋡ࠍᒁ߈⛮ߋࠊߌߢߔ‫ࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ߣ‫ߩߕߪߚ޿ߡߒ࠴࠶ࡑߪߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߣੱߩ㑐ଥ߇ᰴ╙ߦߕࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫߁ߘޕ‬޿߁⍦⋫߇㗼⪺ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ‫ ߇⑳ޔ‬4 ᐕ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴ߩਥᩏߩߣ߈ߦߪ‫ߦ⋡⑼ޔ‬ㆡวߒߥߊߥߞߚᢎຬߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩਛߢࠃࠅㆡಾߥ⑼⋡ߦ⒖ߞߡ߽ࠄ޿‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥⑼⋡ߪ㕖㐿⻠ߣߔࠆភ⟎ࠍߒ߹ߒߚ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᘒࠍ⑳ߚߜߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ⎬⋥ൻߥ޿ߒߪ೙ᐲ∋ഭߣ๭߮߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ዋߒ߅⹤߇ฦ⺰ߦ౉ߞߡߒ߹߁߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߢߔߩ߇‫ࡑߩߣੱߣ⋡⑼ޔߤ߶߈ߐޔ‬࠶࠴ࡦࠣߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥవ↢ᣇߩ߅㗻ࠍᶋ߆ߴߥ߇ࠄ㈩⟎ࠍ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚߣ޿߁ߎ
ߣߢߔߨ‫ઁޕ‬ᄢቇߐࠎߩ଀ࠍ߭߈߹ߔߣ‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇߣ߆‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇߣ߆ߪ‫․߆⺕ޔ‬ቯߩ୘ੱߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᚲዻߒߡ޿ࠆㇱዪߏߣߦ⽿છࠍ㈩ߒߡᔅߕߒ߽୘ੱߦଐሽߒߥ޿ࠪࠬ
࠹ࡓߣ޿߁߽ߩࠍ૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߪߘߩవ↢ߦ߅㗿޿ߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ
ߥߞߡ޿ߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘࠇߪ‫ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ᕈ⾰߿ᜂᒰ㓸࿅ߩ޿ࠊࠁࠆಽᲣߩㇱಽ߇‫ߡ┙ߺ⚵ߦ߁߰߁޿߁ߤޔ‬ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡᄌࠊߞߡߊࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇⸃૕ߒᢎຬ߇ฦቇㇱ╬ߦಽዻߒߚ႐วߦߪ‫ⷙޔ‬ᮨߩዊߐ޿ᄢቇߩ߶߁߇ోቇ಴௛ߦߥࠅ߿ߔ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ஥㕙߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᣥ 7 Ꮲᄢߥ޿ߒߪߘࠇߣหⷙᮨߩᄢቇߩߣߎࠈߢߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩߚ߼ߩኾછࠬ
࠲࠶ࡈࠍචಽ߽ߞߡ޿ߡ‫߁ߤࠍߜߚੱߩߘޔ‬ಣㆄߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߪಽዻᣇᑼ‫৻ߚ߹ޔ‬ㇱߪᣂቇㇱ࡮⎇ⓥ⑼ᣇᑼࠍណ↪ߒߚࠊߌߢ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋ߆ࠄోቇ಴௛ࠍ೨ឭߦ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߏߣߦ⑼⋡ࠍᜰቯߒߡᜂᒰ⽿છࠍ⽶ࠊߖࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒ
ࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ಽዻᣇᑼߢ޽ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣂቇㇱᣇᑼߢ޽ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᜂᒰ⠪߇ᓥ᧪ߤ߅ࠅᜂᒰߔࠆߣ޿߁
ߩ߇߻ߒࠈ᥉ㅢߛߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߣࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ㇱዪߏߣߦ⽿છߪᒰὼߦߪ⥄ⷡߐࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩኾછ㓸࿅߇⋧ᒰᢙ޿ߚߣߎࠈߢߪ‫ߩߤޔ‬ቇㇱ╬ߦᚲዻߒࠃ߁ߣ߽ߘߩ
ੱߚߜ߇࿷છਛᓥ᧪ߩ⑼⋡ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ߪߦ⥸৻ޔ‬ᴺቇߩవ↢ߪᴺቇㇱ߳‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ♽ߩవ↢ߪ⚻ᷣቇㇱ߳ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦቇ໧⊛ߦ৻⇟ㄭ޿ቇㇱߦᚲዻߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߏߣߦᜂᒰ⽿છࠍ᳿߼ߚࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐߦߥࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߇‫ޔߪࠇߘޔ‬ಽዻ૕೙ߩ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬- 65 -

ᯓ‫އ‬㧙޽ࠆᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᗧ๧ੑጀ᭴ㅧߣ⸒޿߹ߔ߆‫߇ߩ߽ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬੹ߢ߽ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠄߒߊ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߘߩㇱዪߢᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆᢎຬߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫⺕ޔ‬߆৻ੱߩ․ቯߩ୘ੱߢߪߥߊߡ‫ߩߘޔ߫߃ߣߚޕߣࠆߔࠍ᧤⚂ߢ࠻ࠬࡐޔ‬ᣇ߇ቯᐕ߿ォ☋ߢ޿ߥߊߥࠄࠇߚ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙណ↪ߩߣ߈߽ᔅߕߘߩ⑼⋡ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ᧦ઙߣ
ߒߡ⺖ߒߡណ↪ߔࠆࠄߒ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘࠇߪ߿ߪࠅಽዻ૕೙ࠍ⛽ᜬ᷷ሽߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔࠃ‫ޕ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߩੱࠍ߫ࠄ߹޿ߚߛ
ߌߢหߓߎߣࠍߐߖߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽‫ޔ‬ቇㇱᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߆‫ޔ‬㑐ࠄߥ޿߆ߣ޿
߁Ꮕߪ޽ࠆߦߒߡ߽ߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߣ޿ߥߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᜂᒰ⠪߇޿ߥߊߥߞߡߒ߹޿߹ߔ‫߁޿߁ߘޕ‬੐ᘒࠍㆱߌࠃ߁ߣᕁ߃߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔߴ߈ࡐࠬ࠻ࠍታ૕ߣߒߡ⛽ᜬߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄ
ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᾃώ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟૾ࡸẦỤဃẳỦբ᫆ໜỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỉ‫ݣ‬ϼඥᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙ቯᐕㅌቭߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ォ☋ߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߪචಽᗐቯߒ߃ߚࠊߌߢ‫ޔ‬ฬᄢߢߘߎߩㇱಽࠍߤ߁⵬ቢߒࠃ߁߆ߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ‫ޔ‬ኻᔕ╷╬ߪ߅ᜬߜߛߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘࠇߪ⑳߇╵߃ࠆ┙႐ߦߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ࠍ⋡⑼ߩߘޔ‬ᜂᒰߢ߈ࠆੱߢ⵬లߔࠆߣ޿
߁⠨߃ᣇߪ޽ߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣂቇㇱ࡮⎇ⓥ⑼ࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ႐
วߦߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᣂቇㇱ࡮⎇ⓥ⑼ߩ⊒ዷలታߣᢎ㙃⑼⋡ᜂᒰ⠪ߩ⛽ᜬߣߩ⺞๺ࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣ߇ᄢ
߈ߥ⺖㗴ߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ⵬లߪᲧセ⊛න⚐ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ࡮⎇ⓥ⑼ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ਄ߩ࿕᦭ߩ⋡ᮡࠍ᦭ߒ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ല₸⊛ߥ⋡ᮡߩ㆐ᚑࠍ࿑ࠆᔅ
ⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍ⛽ᜬߢ߈ࠆੱࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦨఝవᣇ㊎ߣߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᒰ⹥᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ੱ᧚ࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߣ߈ߦߪ⑼⋡ߩᣇࠍᄌ߃ߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ㆬᛯ⢇ߦߥࠄߑࠆࠍ߃߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪ‫⛘ߦߡోߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ኻ⊛ߦᗧ๧߇޽ࠆࠊߌߪߥ޿ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ࠍ⋡⑼ޔ‬ᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣߪ‫⥄ࠇߘޔ‬૕ᖡ޿ߎߣߢߪ޽ࠅ߹
ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬వ߶ߤ↳ߒ਄ߍߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪ‫߽ߦࠅ߹޽ޔ‬᭎⺰⊛⻠⟵߇ᄙߔ߉ࠆߣ
޿߁ᛕ್߇ቇ↢߿␠ળ߆ࠄ޽ߞߚ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߔࠆ෻േ߆ࠄ‫ࡦ࡝ࡊࠪࠬࠖ࠺ޔ‬ਥ૕ߩᢎ⢒߆ࠄਥ㗴೎࠹࡯ࡑࠍਛᔃߦ࠺ࠖࠬࠪࡊ࡝ࡦᮮᢿဳߩᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߔߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆
ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄌൻߪ‫߽ߦࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ᭂ┵ߦㆊ߉ߚߩ߆߽⍮ࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ㙃ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫৻╙ޔ‬ᰴᆔຬળߢ޽ࠆጊਅࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߢߩ⼏⺰ߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋ‫ߩߎޔ‬᝼ᬺߪ૗ߩ᝼ᬺ߆ಽ߆ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁⼏⺰߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚߘ߁ߢߔ‫ߣࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ዋߒ࠺ࠖࠬࠪࡊ
࡝ࡦᢎ⢒ࠍ⷗⋥ߒ߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߇↢߹ࠇߡ‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ೋᐕᰴᢎ⢒ߢߪ‫ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬⊛ᗧ๧߽฽߼ߡ࠺ࠖࠬࠪࡊ࡝ࡦ߽฽߼ߚᢎ⢒ࠍߔࠆߎߣߒߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣ๭߮߹ߒ
ߚ‫ోߩߎߎޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩၮ␆⑼⋡ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޔߢ߃߁ߩߘߡߒߘޕ‬ᔕ↪߆ߤ߁߆ಽ
߆ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩਥ㗴೎⑼⋡ߦೣߒߡਥ㗴ߣ޿߁ᒻߢಾࠅญࠍᄌ߃ߡ⠨߃ߐߖࠆߣ޿
߁ߎߣࠍ߿ߞߡߪߤ߁߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ጊਅవ↢ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߩᲑ㓏߆ࠄ᭴ᗐߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਭ㊁✚㐳⵬૒㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ࠍਥᩏߣߔࠆ╙ੑᰴࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߣ⑳߇ᆔຬ㐳ࠍോ߼ߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ╙ਃᰴ- 66 -

ᆔຬળߦ޽ߚࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑ․೎ᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࠅࠃࠍࠇߘޔ‬ታᣉน⢻ߥ߽ߩߦౕ૕ൻߔࠆߣ޿߁૞ᬺࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥ♽ߪ᭎ߨߘ߁޿߁᭴ᗐߢ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇ߹ߒ
ߚ߇ℂ♽ߪήℂߢߒߚ‫ޔࠄ߆ߔߢޕ‬㐿⻠ᢙߘߩઁߩ㑐ଥߢ‫ޔ‬㧝ᐕᰴߦ߽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍ߅߆ߑࠆࠍ߃߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆⑼⋡ߦࠃࠅਥዉ⊛ߥ࠺ࠖࠬࠪࡊ࡝ࡦࠍ⷗ߖߡ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍቇ߫ߖࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ℂ♽ߦߟ޿ߡߪᔅߕߒ߽৻⽾ߒ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᴺቇߣ߆᡽ᴦቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃ
ℂቇߣ߆ᢎ⢒ቇߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᒰᤨߩฬ೨߇ᚯߞߡ߈ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᝄࠅሶߩᝄࠇߔ߉
ࠍୃᱜߒߚߣ޿߁ᗧ๧߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬૗߽⍮ࠄߥ޿ቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛⻉໧㗴ࠍ޿߈ߥࠅਥ㗴ߢಾࠅಽߌߡߺࠆߣ⸒ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߪ૗ࠍീᒝߔࠆߩ߆ಽ߆ࠄ
ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠅߪߒߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬1998 ᐕ㧔ᐔᚑ 10 ᐕ㧕ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᢥ♽⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡㧮ߩฬߩਅߦฃ⻠ኻ⽎ࠍ㒢ቯߒߚዋᢙߩ⑼⋡߇߅߆ࠇߚߛߌߢၮ␆⑼⋡߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚߩߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਥ㗴⑼⋡߇ታߪၮ␆⑼⋡ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥಽᨆ߽⷗ฃߌ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⑳߽ߘ߁ߛࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᴺቇࠍ㐿⻠ߒߡߊߛߐ޿ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߚߩߪᢥቇㇱߛߌߢ‫ޔ‬ᴺቇㇱߩቇ↢ߢᴺቇߣ޿߁ኾၮ㧮ߩ⑼⋡ࠍ߅߈߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫߃ߣߚޔߣࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬߫ᴺቇㇱߩቇ↢ߪ౉ቇߒߚᒰೋ‫ޔ‬‫⃻ޟ‬ઍ␠ળߣᴺ‫ࠍ⋡⑼߁޿ߣޠ‬ㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᤄߩ‫ޟ‬ᴺቇ‫޿ߣޠ‬
߁⑼⋡ߩ߽ߣߢീᒝ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌ߒߚࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍઍᦧߐߖߡ޿ߚ৻㕙߽޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿
߁ᜰ៰ߢ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩ߽ߣߞ߽ޔ߽⑳ޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޔߪ⋡⑼ߩࠄࠇߎ߽߆ߒޕ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱ♽ߩᢎຬߦᦼᓙߐࠇߚ⑼⋡ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᤨઍߦߪઁቇㇱߩవ↢ߣ੤ઍߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆ૛࿾ߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩ⹤ߣߒ߹ߒߡߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᵹࠇߦߥࠆߣᕁ޿߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⺆ޔ‬ቇߣ૕⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩㇱዪߩᢎຬߦଐሽߒߡ޿ࠆ
߶߆‫ޔ‬ᣥᖱᢥ♽ࠍਛᔃߦㅢᏱࠃࠅᐞಽᄙ߼ߦ᝼ᬺࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆᢎຬ߇߅ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ߊߏޕ‬ᦨㄭߩ⚵❱ౣ✬ߦࠃߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᢥൻቇㇱ߆ࠄᣢሽߩ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ⒖☋ߐࠇߚᢎຬ߇߅ࠄࠇ߹
ߔ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔߪߦߜߚੱߩߘޕ‬ᜂᒰߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ޿ߚ⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈⛯߈ᜂᒰߒߡ޿ߚߛ
ߊߎߣࠍၮᧄߣߒ߹ߒߚ‫৻߽ࠇߎޕ‬⒳ߩಽዻߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬⒖☋ᒰೋ߆ࠄၮ␆ᢎ⢒࡮ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ
⒖☋వߩ౒ห⽿છߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬⒖☋ 2 ᐕ⋡ߦߪᖱᢥߩੱߚߜ߇ᜂᒰ
ߒߡ޿ߚᢎ㙃⑼⋡߽฽߼ߡᜂᒰߩ౏ᐔൻ߇࿑ࠄࠇߚㇱዪ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ઁޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢቇߩ଀ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅌቭ╬ߦࠃࠅੱ߇ᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊߦ઻ߞߡ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߢ⽿છࠍ߽ߟࠃࠅߪߺࠎߥߢ߿ࠅ
߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ৻㕙߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ߚߞ޿߁ߎޕ‬േ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩోቇෳട
૕೙ൻߦㅢߓࠆ߽ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮㊀ὐൻߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪᮮᢿ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩౣ✬߇ⴕࠊࠇⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼෸߮ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼߇ᣂ⸳ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ߇‫ᧄ߇ࠇߎޔ‬ቇߩోቇᢎ⢒૕೙ౣ✬ߩᄢ߈ߥ⺃࿃ߣߥࠅ‫ᧄޔ‬ᩰ⊛ߥోቇෳട૕೙߇ታ⃻ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᾄώӸӞ‫ܖٻދ‬ỆấẬỦμ‫ܖ‬Ј΁˳СỂỉ૙᫱૙Ꮛᴾ
ስဋ㧙޿ߕࠇߦߒߡ߽ฬฎደᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨᄢቇߣߒߡߪ․⦡ߩ޽ࠆోቇ಴௛૕೙ߦ〯ߺಾߞߚ‫⽿ߊߒ╬ޕ‬છࠍ⽶߁ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦᦠ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒૕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨߣߒߡ╬ߒߊ⽿છࠍ⽶߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬ਛዊߩᄢቇߢߪ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦૃߚࠃ߁ߥߩ߇৻
᧰ߢߡߊࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨᄢቇߢߪ⃟ߒ޿߿ࠅᣇߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߞ߿ޕ‬- 67 -

ߡߺߚࠄᕁ޿ߩᄖ߁߹ߊ޿ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߁ߩߪᚒ↰ᒁ᳓⊛ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪߕ޿߱ࠎᄙ᭽ൻߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ⌀ߦᔅⷐߥ⑼⋡ࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆߩ߇ᧄ᧪ߢߔ߇‫ోޔ‬ຬߢᜂᒰߔࠆࠊߌߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ߒߢࠎߖ߹ࠅ޽߆ߒࠆߡߚࠍ⋡⑼ࠆࠇ߿ޔ‬ߚ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޔߢߎߘޕ‬Ꮏቇㇱߩ޽ߥߚߩ♽ߥࠄ૗߇ߢ߈߹ߔ߆ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ߽ࠄߞߚࠄ‫ޔ‬㤥↰శᄥ㇢వ↢ߺߚ޿ߦ᧚ᢱᎿቇߢᢎ㙃ࠍ߿ࠆߥࠎߡ޿߁ߔߏ޿⹤߇ߢ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⹤߇ⴕߞߚࠅ߈ߚࠅߒ߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ጊਅవ↢ߩㇱዪ㐳ࠢ࡜ࠬߩ╙ 1 ᰴࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ
ߚߔ߈߈ߦߪ‫ߌ߇ ⷉ ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣ๭ࠎߢ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ߩቇ↢ߦ൩⺰ℂ♽ߩၮ␆߿ᢎ㙃ࠍ߿ߞߡ߽ࠄ
޿߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ℂ♽ߩၮ␆ߪ೔ᐩቇജ⊛ߦ૶߃ߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ߩቇ↢ߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿‫ޔ‬ߘࠇߢ߽ၮ␆⑼⋡ߣ๭ߴࠆ߽ߩࠍ߅߈߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃߽ᔅⷐߥ▸࿐ߢ߿ߞߡ߽ࠄ޿߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦℂ♽ߩቇ↢ߦ߽‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃ࠍ߿ࠄߖࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪⷉߛߌ
ࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ߩቇ↢ߦኻߒߡℂ♽ᢎ㙃ࠍ߿ࠆߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ߣߚߞ߆ߏߔࠅߪ߿ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫᧚ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ᢱᎿቇߩᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪ⇣ಽ㊁ߩᢥ♽ቇ↢ߦኻߒߡ߽߅ߘࠄߊ᦭ലߢߒࠂ
߁߇‫߫߃ߣߚޔ‬Ꮏቇㇱߩቇ↢߇ోㇱ‫᧚ޔ‬ᢱࠍ߿ࠆࠊߌߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬หಽ㊁ߩቇ↢ߦኻߒߡ߽᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ‫ޔߣࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬㤥↰వ↢ߩ⑼⋡ࠍᒁ߈ว޿ߦ಴ߒߡᕟ❗ߢߔߌࠇߤ߽‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬㓞ធ⑼ቇߥ޿ߒߪ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥ⑼ቇ⊛ߥᗧ๧ว޿߽ߛߖࠆߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ၮ␆⊛ᚻᴺߢ߿ࠇ߫ၮ␆⑼⋡ߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁ߒ‫ߡ߃⿥ࠍ࡞ࠠࠬޔ‬ᢎ㙃⊛ᚻᴺߢ߿ࠇ߫‫੹ޔ‬ᐲߪߘߎߩቇ
↢ߦߣߞߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ಽ㊁ߣ⸒߁߆‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬వ߇⷗߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ᳇ߠ߈߹
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ീᒝߐߖߡ޿ߚߛߊߎߣ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᢙᑼࠍ⸃߆ߥ޿ᓸⓍߩ਎⇇ߣ޿߁ߩࠍ߈
ߜࠎߣ⹤ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥ♽ߩቇ↢ߦኻߒߡ߽‫⇣ޔ‬ಽ㊁ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓸⓍಽߩ⸘▚߇ߢ߈ߥߊߡ߽‫ޔ‬਎ߩਛߩ੐⽎ߦߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᢙℂߩ਎⇇߇޽ࠆߩߢߔࠃߣ⷗ߖࠇ߫‫ࠇߘޔ‬⥄૕߇ᢎ㙃ߦߥࠆߩߢߔߨ‫ߪࠇߘޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ᢙቇߩቇ↢ߦ⡞߆ߖߡ߽߅ߘࠄߊ᦭ലߛࠈ߁
ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߩߢߔ‫߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣ߆ߩߥࠎߥ޿ߚߞ޿߇ߩ߽ࠆ޿ߡ޿⸃੹ߡߒߣ࡞ࠠࠬޕ‬ಽ߆ߞߡߊࠇ߫‫৻ޔ‬ጀℂ⸃ߣ㑐ᔃࠍᷓ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕߩ㧲㧰ࠍㅢߒߡߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣߦ᳇ߠ߆ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߢࠇߘޕ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃ߪዋߒ㔍ߒ޿ࠃ߁ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ℂ⸃ᐲ߿ḩ⿷ᐲ߇ઁߩ⑼⋡ߦ⧯ᐓഠߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ߽ߢޕ‬2 ᐕ‫ޔ‬3 ᐕߣ⚻㛎ࠍⓍࠎߢ߽ࠄ߃߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠬࠠ࡞߽޽߇ࠆߢߒࠂ߁ߒ‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ੤ઍߐࠇߥ޿ᣇ߇޿޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪᔅⷐߥ⑼⋡ࠃࠅߢ߈ࠆ⑼⋡߆ࠄࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߒߚߣ޿߁ߩ߇ታᖱߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᔅⷐߥ⑼⋡ߦ㒢ቯߔࠇ߫ߤߎ߆ㇱዪߦ⽶ᜂ߇㓸ਛߔࠆߦ᳿߹ߞߡ޿߹ߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ෳടߩ౏ᐔߩේೣࠍߺ
ߚߔߦߪ‫ߦ߆߶ޔ‬ᣇᴺ߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޔࠄߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬ቇౝߦዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆోߡߩಽ㊁ߦࠊߚߞߡ‫ߦ⊛⟜✂ޔ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍߛߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬૗߇ၮ␆ߢ‫ޔ‬૗߇ᢎ㙃߆ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ߪవ↢ᣇߦߪ෸߮߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄ‫↰◉ޔ‬ᵹߩൎᚻߥ⸃㉼ߦߔ߉ߥ޿
ߩߢߔ߇‫ޕ‬ᾅώἪἕἛἁỻὊἑὊСỆᐱỦኺዾᴾᯓ‫އ‬㧙੹ߩ߅⹤ߢ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ૕೙ߩᤨઍࠍ⚻ߡ‫ߩ੹ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮૕೙ߦ߹ߢ〯ߺㄟࠎߢ߅⹤
ࠍߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ߛ޿޽ߩߎޔ‬వ↢߇⾰໧ߦ 1 㗄⋡߅ߎߒߚࠄߤ߁߆ߣࠕ࠼

- 68 -

ࡃࠗࠬߒߡߊߛߐߞߚ‫࡯࠲࡯ࠜࠢ࠼࠶ࡋޔ‬೙ߦ⥋ࠆ⚻✲ߢߔߨ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߩ૗
߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬૗߇ߘߩᗧ⟵ߣߺߥߐࠇߡᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇⊒⿷ߒߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ᢎ㙃ㇱ߇ࠃ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪߥ޿ߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩ㐳ᚲࠍᓳᮭ‫ޔ‬ᓳᵴߐߖࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᄙಽ‫ ߪࠇߘޔ‬1 ߟߩਥ૕ߣߒߡડ↹┙᩺ታᣉߔࠆ
ߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬ਥ૕⊛⚵❱߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫⥸৻ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆੱ
ߚߜ߇㓸߹ߞߡડ↹┙᩺ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߣߒߡ‫⽿ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬છࠍ߽ߞߡડ↹┙᩺ታᣉ߹ߢ߿ߞߡ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥᢎ⢒ߪߺࠎߥߢ߿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬ၮ␆ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉਥ૕ߔߥࠊߜਥ૕ᕈࠍ߽ߞߚㇱዪ߇᰼ߒ޿ࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ਥ૕ᕈߣߪ‫⽿ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޔ‬છࠍ฽ߺ߹ߔ߇‫ߩߡߟ߆ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߘߩ߹߹ߩࡒ࠾ᢎ㙃ㇱࠍ૞ࠆߩߢߪߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼ
ߦߒߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡᰳ⪭ߒ߇ߜߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒▤ℂㆇ༡਄ߩਥ૕⊛⚵❱ࠍ߽ߟߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽
ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޕ‬ᬌ⸛ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߛߞߡ޽ߞߚߊࠄ޿ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᕈᩰ߇‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᆔຬળᣇᑼߩਅߢቢోߦᰳ⪭ߒߡ޿ߚߣߪ↳ߒ߹ߖࠎ߇‫⋧ߡߒߡ߃ޔ‬੕⋙ⷞ⊛ߥᓎഀߦ⚳ᆎߒ߇ߜߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬߪߔߴߡㇱዪઍ⴫ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫⋧ޔ‬੕ߦ⋙ⷞߔࠆᯏ⢻ߩ߶߁߇ᒝߌࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆὐߢ⏕ታߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫଻ޔ‬቞⊛௑ะ߇ᒝߊߥࠅㅴᱠߪ
ᦸ߼߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߥࠆ߶ߤ‫ߛߚޕ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߩ⚵❱ߩ޽ࠅᣇߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽‫ߢߎߘߦߐ߹ޔ‬໧㗴ߛߞߚߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬వ↢߇⸒ࠊࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ࠍ⠨߃ࠆᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ߿ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ߇
޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ߇‫߁߽ࠍߩ߽ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬ዋߒ೙ᐲൻߢ߈ߡ޿ࠇ߫ߣ޿߁᳇߇ߒߥ
޿ߢ߽ߥ޿ߩߢߔ߇‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘࠇߪ㔍ߒ߆ߞߚߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᰴߩߏ⾰໧ߩᩇߦ߽㑐ࠊࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ߩߣߎߚ޿ߛߚ޿⹤߅੹ޔ‬ℂ⸃ࠍዋߒ➙߼߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢ✁ൻߦࠃߞߡੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߣ޿߁ߩߪᔅ㗇ߩ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᨒߪუߒ߹
ߔߣ޿߁߰߁ߦᢥㇱ⋭ߩᣇߢߪ᳿߼ߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ࠍߚ߰ޔ‬ⓨߌߡ⷗ࠇ߫ฦᄢቇ߇૗ࠍߒߚ߆
ߣ޿߁ߣ‫ޔߡߊߥߪߢߒ⋥⷗ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩ⸃૕ߢ޽ࠆߣ߆‫ޔ‬ᡷ⚵ߢ޽ࠆߣ߆‫ޔ‬⚿ᨐ⊛ߦߪ‫❱⚵ޔ‬ᄌᦝߩ߶߁ߦ߶ߣࠎߤߩᄢቇ߇േ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬వ߶ߤ◉↰వ↢߇⸒ࠊࠇߚࠃ߁
ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝߽ࠞߕࠄ߆ߪޔ‬㐿⊒ߣ߆ᡷༀߦኻߔࠆਥ૕ߪ߽ߞߡ޿ߚߣ޿
߁㐳ᚲߪ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߦߥߞߚߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ጊਅࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߥߤ‫࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡓߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߺߚ޿ߥ߽ߩߪ޽ߞߚߦߒࠈ࡮࡮࡮
ስဋ㧙ߘࠇߪ㆑޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ጊਅࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ߇޿߈ߥࠅߢߡ߈ߚࠊߌߢߪߥߊߡ‫↹⸘ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߽ߘ߁޿߁ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⷗⋥ߔᯏ⢻ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ߚߪߕߢߔ‫⋥߇⑳ޕ‬ធෳടߒߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬દ⮮ᱜਯవ↢ߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߦߥߞߡ߆ࠄߢߒߚ߇‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߣ޿߁
ߩࠍߘߩߣ߈ߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩߥ߆ߦ⟎߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ጊਅࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣߪ߽ߞߣᓟߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ᕆ߈ࠂ૞ߞߚᆔຬળߢߔ‫ޕ‬2001 ᐕߩ 12 ᦬ߋࠄ޿ߦ
ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔߣࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ゞߩਔベߢࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ૞ࠅ⋥ߐߥߊߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿
ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߘࠇ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇᆎ߼߹ߒߚ߇‫ߪߦ߆ߥߩߘޔ‬ᜂᒰ࡞࡯࡞߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬- 69 -

ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ┙ߜ਄ߍߩߣ߈ߦ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᜂᒰ࡞࡯࡞ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߪᣂߒ޿࡞࡯࡞߇ߢ߈ࠆ
߹ߢߪᓥ᧪ߩ࡞࡯࡞߇↢߈ࠆߣ޿߁⸒ࠊࠇᣇࠍߒߡ޿ߚߩ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ゞߩਔベߩߪߕߛ߆
ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ┙ߜ਄ߍߣᣂᜂᒰ࡞࡯࡞ߩ╷ቯߣߪหᤨߦ߿ࠄߥߊߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁
ߎߣߢ߹ߣ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ታߪ‫ߡߒߣ࡯࠲࡯ࠜࠢ࡮࠼࠶ࡋ߇⑳ޔ‬᭴ᗐߐࠇߡ޿ߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⛔᜝ㇱߦߘࠇ߹ߢߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળࠍធ⛯ߒ߹ߒߚ‫߇ߣߎ߫ࠇߡߒࠅ߆ߞߒ߇ߎߎޕ‬േߊ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼోቇᢎ⢒ߩ▤ℂ࡮ㆇ༡ᯏ⢻߽߽ߚߖߥߊߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᒰ㕙ߪ‫ޔ‬⃻࿷ߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩᯏ⢻ࠍߘߎߦߟߌ߹ߒࠂ߁ߣឭ᩺ߒ߹ߒߚ‫⛔ߩ੹߇ࠇߘޕ‬᜝ળ⼏ߩ೨りߢߔ‫ޕ‬೨りߣ޿߁߆‫⛔ޔ‬᜝ળ⼏ࠍߘࠇߢ✬ᚑߒߚ‫ޔࠍ࡯ࡃࡦࡔߩߘޕ‬ኾછ‫ޔ‬౗છᢎ᝼ߣ๭߱ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫߆ߣࠎߥޔ߇ߚߒ߹ࠅ޽ߪ⺰⼏ߣޘ⦡ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ᜂᒰ
࡞࡯࡞ࠍ૞ࠆߣ޿߁ᯏㆇ߇↢߹ࠇߡጊਅࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᾆώኵጢ‫٭‬ᢟỆˤạɼ˳ỉࢍࢊᴾ
ᯓ‫̆އ‬ᢛℂߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߔ‫߇⑳ޕ‬૗ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍߚ߆ߞߚ߆ߣ⸒޿߹
ߔߣ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߩਥ૕⊛ᯏ⢻ߩᒝᒙߣ޿߁ߩࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⷗ߡߺߚ޿ߣᕁߞߚߩߢ
ߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߪਥ૕⚵❱߇޽ߞߚߩߢ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ኻߒߡਥ૕⊛ߦขࠅ⚵߻⚵❱߇ᜂ଻ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߌߤ߽‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߩߣ߈ߪ৻ᤨᦼ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐓߘࠇ߇ᒙ߹ߞߡ‫ߢࠇߘޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡડ↹┙᩺ߩਥ૕⊛ߥ⚵❱߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߡ‫ߩߎߘߚ߹ޔ‬ᯏ⢻߇ᒝ߹ߞߚߣ
޿߁‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬ᱧผⷰߢ޿޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ࠃࠅታᘒ⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᒻᑼߩߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄߇ߘ߁޿߁⽿છࠍᗵߓߡ޿ߚ߆ߦߟ
޿ߡߪ⇼໧ࠍᗵߓ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘࠇߪ‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᆔຬߦ⽿છ߇⺖ߖࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙୘‫ߩޘ‬ᆔຬߪㇱዪઍ⴫ߢ‫߹ߚ߹ߚޔ‬ᆔຬߢⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᆔຬ߇⥄Ꮖߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷༀߦ⌀೶ߦขࠅ⚵߻߆ߣ޿ߞߚࠄ‫޿ߊߦߒߊࠄߘ߅ޔ‬૕೙ߛߞߚߩߛࠈ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬෻⋭ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ኾછᢎ᝼ߣ๭ࠎߛࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߣ๭ࠎߛࠅ‫ޔ‬౗છߣ๭ࠎߛࠅߒߡ‫ޔ߽߆ߒޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪ‫ߩ┙⁛߫ࠊ޿ޔ‬ㇱዪߢ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬వ↢ᣇߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ‫ޔ‬⎇ⓥ⑼ߩઍ⴫ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪߩ೑ኂࠍ⿥߃ߡ߅⠨߃ߊߛߐ޿ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ⸒޿⛯ߌߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߦᚯߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߢߔ‫ࠅߪ߿ޕ‬ዋߒᚻࠍᛮߊߣߔߋᒙ૕ൻߒߡ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ౝታߪᆔຬળߣ㆑޿ߩߥ޿߽ߩߦᓟㅌߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇⿠߈߆ߨߥ޿⁁ᴫߛߣᕁ޿߹
ߔ‫ߩ┙⁛ޕ‬ㇱዪߣߪ޿ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᚲ⹢ࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ߥሽ࿷ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ਥ૕ᕈࠍ⛽ᜬᒝൻߔࠆߦ
ߪദജ߇ᔅⷐߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘ߁ߒ߹ߔߣ‫ߩ⌀ޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢ‫ޔ‬1991 ᐕߩᲑ㓏ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⷗ᣇࠍ⠨߃߹ߒࠂ߁ߣ⸒
ߞߡ޿ߚߩ߇‫ޔ‬12‫ޔ‬13 ᐕㆃࠇߋࠄ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫৻߁߽ޔ‬ᐲ‫ޔ‬ડ↹┙᩺࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ‫ࠆߣࠍࡉࠖ࠹ࠕࠪ࠾ࠗޔ‬ㇱዪ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚߣ߈ߦ‫ޔ‬వ߶ߤ◉↰వ↢߇⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߥ⑼⋡ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇࠃࠅ߽‫ޔࠆ߈ߢߪߕ߹ޔ‬ታ⃻น⢻ߥ⑼⋡߆ࠄ‫ޕ߁޿ߣޔ‬- 70 -

ስဋ㧙౏ᐔේೣ߇㊀ⷐߥࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߢߒߚ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ⃻น⢻ߥ⑼⋡߆ࠄࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߔࠆߒ߆޽
ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚߣ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߘߎߩߣߎࠈ߇㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߛߣ⑳ߪᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߛ߆ࠄ‫ߪ⑳ޔ‬ቇౝᄖߢ⺑᣿ߔࠆߣ߈ߦߪ‫ࠄߚߺߡߞ߿ޔ‬ᕁ޿ߩᄖ߁߹ߊ޿߈߹ߒߚ
ߣ޿߁߰߁ߦ⚿߱ߒ߆ߥ޿ߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ℂᔨ⋡ᮡ߇వⴕߒߚࠊߌߢߪ޽
ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ߩߣߏ⋡⑼ޔߕ߹ޕ‬ᔅⷐ㐿⻠ᢙࠍ▚಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ᦭ലᢎቭᢙߦᔕߓߡ
ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ౏ᐔߦߥࠆࠃ߁ᜂᒰᢙࠍ㈩ಽߒߚߩߢߔ‫ߦߊߣޕ‬㔍ߒ߆ߞߚߩߪℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߩᢎຬ߇⻠ᐳߥ޿ߒߪ♽ߩන૏ߢᜂᒰߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆ⑼⋡ࠍᎿᄦߔࠆ
ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߦߊߣޕ‬Ꮏቇㇱߩࠃ߁ߥᄢ߈ߥቇㇱߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄ߢᜂᒰน⢻ߥ⑼⋡ࠍ⠨߃ߡ߽ࠄ߁ߒ߆ᣇᴺ߇޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߘ߁ߒ߹ߔߣ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁⚵❱ᄌᦝࠍߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ታᘒߣߒߡℂᗐߤ߅ࠅߦ޿߆
ߕߢ߈ࠆ⑼⋡ࠍਗߴࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળᣇᑼߣߐ߶ߤ㆑޿߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪ᰴ╙ߢߔߋరߩ⁁ᘒߦᚯࠅ߹ߔࠃ‫ࠎ〯ߪߎߘޔߛߚޕ‬ᒛࠅ߇޿ࠆߩ
ߢߒߡ‫⽿ߣⷡ⥄ޔߢࠇߘޕ‬છߣ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ኻߔࠆ〯ࠎᒛࠅ߇ᔅⷐߢ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ⹤ߦߥߞߡߊࠆ
߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ߇‫߇ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬ᄢᄌߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ዋߒᚻࠍᛮߊߣ‫࡯࠲࡯ࠜࠢ࡮࠼࠶ࡋޔ‬ߣ⸒޿ߥ߇ࠄ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߣߘࠎߥߦᄌࠊࠄߥ޿⁁ᘒߦߔߋ┙ߜ㄰ࠆน⢻ᕈ߿ᔃ㈩߇
ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ߘ߁ߥࠄߥ޿ߚ߼ߩ઀ដߌࠍ߅⠨߃ߦߥߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫઀ߩߘޔ‬ដߌߪߤߩࠃ߁
ߥ߽ߩߛߞߚߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ዋߒᓳ⠌ߦߥࠆ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޕ‬ᾇώ૙᫱૙ᏋᨈỉСࡇᚨᚘᴾ
ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ߟ߹ࠅ‫ߩߎߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ߆ߣࠆߡߚࠄ߆⋡⑼ࠆ߈ߢޔ‬వ↢ߩ㗻߇ᶋ߆߱߆ࠄߚߡࠆߣ߆‫⸳⋡⑼߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ቯߢߪߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮߇ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍߣߞߡ‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣߒߡᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ㐿⊒ߩᣇะᕈߣ⸒޿߹ߔ߆‫ߚߞ޿߁ߘޔ‬േ߈ࠍଦㅴߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ޽ࠆߩߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙․ߦ೙ᐲ⸳⸘ߩߣߎࠈߢߔߨ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߘ߁޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄐ⋡వ↢ߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦߏදജ޿ߚߛߊߚ߼ߩਥⷐછോߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߣ޿߁ฬ೨ࠍ⠨߃ߚߣ߈ߦ‫߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ਥᩏࠍ߅޿ߚ߆ࠄߣ޿ߞߡ‫ߣߚޔ‬߃߫‫․ޔ‬ቯㇱዪࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ⋥ធ㚂ࠍ⓭ߞㄟࠎߛࠅߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ߆ࠄ‫ߣߩ੹ޔ‬ߎࠈࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣ๭ߴࠆ߶ߤߩ߽ߩߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ၮ␆⑼⋡߿ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩὐᬌ࡮⷗
⋥ߒߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲߩߎߣߪ‫ࠎ߱ߚޔ‬ᢎോᆔຬળ߇߿ߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺᜂᒰ- 71 -

⠪ߩᗧ⷗ࠍ߈߈ߥ߇ࠄ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬ฬ⒓ߩᄌᦝ‫ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ᣂ⸳ߣ޿߁૞ᬺࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫޿ߪߣޕ‬߃‫߁߽ޔ‬ዋߒ⚻㛎ࠍⓍࠎߢߺߥ޿ߣಽ߆ࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ߚߊߐࠎ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫޿ޕ‬ߕࠇࡢࡦ࡮ࠢ࡯࡞߇⚳ࠊࠇ߫‫ᧄޔ‬ᩰ⊛ߥ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ᧄޕ‬ᩰ⊛ߥ⷗⋥ߒ╬ߪߘߩ㓙ߩ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆߢߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬ὐᬌߔࠆߦߒߡ߽‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢߪోቇ಴௛૕೙ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄߤߥߚߦ߽ήℂߥߊᜂᒰߒߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆ⑼⋡ߢ᦭ലߥ߽ߩࠍℂ♽ᢎ㙃‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ᢎ㙃ߣ⦡‫ߣޘ‬⠨߃ߡ޿ߊߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡ߪ޿޿ߢߔߨ‫ޔ‬ౝኈ߇Ყセ⊛᣿⏕ߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ߩቯ⟵ߦ߽ࠃࠅ߹ߔߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔߚ߆߅߅ޔ‬㧔ኾ㐷㧕ၮ␆ᢎ⢒ߣᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߪ‫࡞ࠠࠬޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣ⣕ࠬࠠ࡞ᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ౒ㅢߩ❈ࠅߪ޽ࠆߺߚ޿ߢߔ‫ޔߦࠇߘޕ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߣߪᲧセ⊛㑐ㅪߩ⭯ߊ‫ࠄ߬ߞ߽ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ⠨߃ߚ߶߁߇ࠃ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁
ߥ⑼⋡߽಴ߡ߈ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ᧄޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᐕጟጊᄢቇߢ޽ߞߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ታᣉ⚵❱ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅ᄢቇߩឝߍߚ࠹࡯ࡑߦߪ‫↥ޔ‬ቇㅪ៤‫↥ޔ‬ቇ㑆ㅪ៤ߣ޿߁❈ࠅߪ޽ߞߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ታ଀ߢ޽߇ߞߡ߈ߚߩߪ‫ࡦࠗࠩ࠺ࠕ࡝ࡖࠠޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒߚ‫᧪߇⑳ޕ‬ᐕ߆ࠄⴕߊᗲ
⍮ቇ㒮ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥሼㅢࠅᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡᚑࠅ┙ߟࠃ߁ߥ⑼⋡߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ〣ᢎ⢒ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢᄙ᭽
ߥᲑ㓏ߩࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆ․೎⻠⟵߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߢߒߚࠄ‫ޔ‬ዞ⡯ߩᔃ㈩ߥࠎ߆ࠍߖߕߦቇ↢ߦછߖࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᤓ੹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢ߽ዞ⡯ߦ㑐ࠊࠆࠃ߁ߥ਎⹤ࠍߔࠆᆔຬળ߇⟎߆ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢↢ᵴᡰេߩᑧ㐳ߢߘ߁޿߁ߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ߽ੱ
↢⸳⸘ࠍᚻഥߌߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᢎ⢒߇ᔅⷐߛߣ޿߁߰߁ߦᗵߓࠆࠃ߁ߦᤨઍ߿ቇ↢߇ᄌࠊߞߡ
߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߔ‫ߪ⑳ޔߦࠇߘޕ‬ᄢቇ⹏ଔ߇᳇ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬వߩᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ
᭴ߦࠃࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒⹏ଔߩ⚻㛎ߦᾖࠄߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩታᖱߦහߒߚ⹏ଔߣߪ޿ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬⢛ᓟߦߥߦ߆↹৻⊛ၮḰߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇ᗵߓࠄࠇߡ‫ઁޔ‬ᄢቇ߇஻߃ߡ޿ࠆᢎ⢒ߪ‫ߌߛࠆ߈ߢޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߽↪ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߡ‫᧪ޔ‬ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣߒߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩ⑼⋡ࠍ㐿⻠ߔࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩᣂ⸳ߣ޿߁㕙߆ࠄ޿߃߫‫ߘޔ‬ࠇߙࠇߩㇱዪ߆ࠄߩᏗᦸߢᣂߒ޿᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߽↢߹ࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢥቇㇱ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬COEߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍᢎ⢒ߦ෻ᤋߐߖࠆ⿰ᣦߢ‫⛔ޟ‬ว࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ቇ౉㐷‫ޔߚ߹ޔ߇ޠ‬࿖㓙⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ⑼߆ࠄߩ߅↳ߒ಴ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ႎ㆏⺰‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔࠄ߆ࠇߘޕߔ߹ࠅ޽߇ߤߥޠ‬✬ᚑᒰೋߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߇‫ޔ‬ᜂᒰࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣߩ㑐ଥߢᔅߕߒ߽ㆡᒰߢߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆㇱಽ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߡ߈߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ୃࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᱜߔࠆ૞ᬺ߽ⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙㑐ଥ⺰࡮࿖㓙㐿⊒ቇߣ޿߁᝼ᬺ⑼⋡߇޽ࠆߩߢߔ߇‫ޔߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢥቇㇱ߿ᢎ⢒ቇㇱߦߪߥߓߺߩ⭯޿⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߏᜰ៰߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚߩߢ‫৻ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ㇱࠍ‫ޟ‬Ყセᢥൻ⺰‫ޠ‬‫ޟޔ‬Ყセᢎ⢒⺰‫޿ߣޠ‬
߁ฬ⒓ߦᄌᦝߒߡ᧪ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ㐿⻠ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ᒰ⹥ቇㇱߩవ↢ᣇߦࠃࠅⷫߒߺ߿ߔ޿⑼⋡ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᣢሽߩ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߦᔅⷐߥୃᱜࠍട߃ߡ
ߣ޿߁૞ᬺߪ‫߇⑳ߪߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ឭ᩺ࠍߒߡ߿ߞߡ߈ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫⚵ޔߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬❱⊛ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣో૕ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߣ޿߁ߩߪ‫ࠈߎߣߩ੹ޔ‬ᢎോᆔຬ㐳ߩോ߼ߢߒ߆ߥ
޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
ٰႸ㧙ߘ߁ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬వ↢ߩ߅઀੐ߪ⋧ᒰᄢᄌߛߞߚߣᕁ߁ߩߢߔ߇‫ޔࠄߥߣߎ߁޿߁ߘޔ‬ᭂ⺰ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬೎ߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁⚵❱ߢߪߥߊߡ߽චಽߦߢ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇
߇ߒߥ޿ߢ߽ߥ޿ߩߢߔ߇޿߆߇ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬- 72 -

ስဋ㧙ઁߩᄢቇߢߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ᯏ᭴‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ᯏ᭴ߣ߆‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߪᦨㄭฬ೨ࠍᄌ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ᯏ᭴ߩᒻᑼ߇⚿᭴Ⴧ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᯏ᭴ߪᆔຬળ⚵❱ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᯓ‫އ‬㧙ታ૕⚵❱ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ስဋ㧙ߥ޿ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪࡃ࡯࠴ࡖ࡞ߥሽ࿷ߢߔ߇‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬ㇱዪࠍᔒߘ߁ߣߒߚࠊߌ
ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ٰႸ㧙ᧄᣣߪ߅ᔔߒ޿ߣߎࠈ‫⾆ޔ‬㊀ߥ߅⹤ࠍ߅⡞߆ߖਅߐࠅ޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬- 73 -

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㧟㧚ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ

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㧙㧔㧝㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ․⾰㧙


㠽ዬ᦮ሶ

ᵏᵌᴾ ỊẳỜỆᴾᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒߳ߩ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆ
ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ၮ␆⊛⎇ⓥߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1636 ᐕߩഃ⸳એ᧪‫ ⚂ޔ‬370 ᐕߩᱧผߦࠊߚࠅߔߋ
ࠇߚቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠍዷ㐿ߒ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ฦ࿖ߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߡ߈ߚ☨࿖ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ㧔Harvard University㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ৻⥸ᢎ⢒㧔general education㧕ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮
ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ㧔Harvard College એਅࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߣ⇛⸥㧕ߩࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔Core Curriculum㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫⋡ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᮡ‫⸘⸳ޔ‬ᕁᗐ‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧߥߤߩ⻉ὐ߆ࠄᬌ⸛ࠍട߃‫ࠍ⾰․ߩߘޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ1‫ޕ‬ਥߥಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߪ‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆᢥℂቇ㒮 2 㧔Faculty of Arts andSciences એਅ FAS ߣ⇛⸥㧕߇૞ᚑ࡮ឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ߿ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ߿‫ߦࠖ࠹࡞ࠞࠔࡈޔ‬ࠃߞߡၫ╩ߐࠇߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰Ⓜ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ㧔Curricular Review
Committees㧕ߦࠃࠆႎ๔ᦠ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᜂᒰ⠪߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ‫ࡉࠚ࠙ޔ‬ࠨࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆᖱႎߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵐᵌᴾ ỽἾἕἊỆấẬỦỽἼỿἷἻἲỉഭӪႎ‫᧏ޒ‬ᴾ
21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬FAS ߢߪࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢߇౒ㅢߩ⍮⊛ၮ⋚ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍၮ␆ߣߒߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ᭴▽ߒቇ↢ߦឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߔޕ‬ߢߦవⴕ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᱧผ⊛ᄌൻߟ޿ߡߪ⸅ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ߎߎߢ߭ߣ߹ߕࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩㆊ෰ 1 ਎♿ߦ߅ߌࠆᄌㆫࠍ◲නߦߚߤߞߡ߅߈
ߚ޿‫✚࠻࠶ࠝ࡝ࠛ࡮࠭࡞࡯ࡖ࠴ޕ‬㐳㧔Charles Eliot㧕ߩ࿷છᤨઍ㧔1869㧙1909 ᐕ㧕ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩᝄࠅሶ߇ᄢ߈ߊំࠇ‫ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ഃ⸳߆ࠄ⚂ 200 ᐕ㑆⛯޿ߚ↹৻⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄↱ㆬᛯߩ᏷߇৻᳇ߦ᜛ᄢߐࠇߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߳ᡷ✬ߐࠇߚ3‫ߣߩߎޕ‬߈ߪ‫▸ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬࿐߇㘧べ⊛ߦ᜛ᒛߐࠇߚᤨઍߣ⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬20 ਎♿ߦߐߒ߆߆ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߚߜ߇⌀ߦ⥄ಽߚߜߩቇ⠌ࠍᦨ߽ലᨐ⊛ߥᒻߢ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ߣ޿߁⇼ᔨ߇↢ߓ‫✚࡞ࠚ࠙࡯ࡠ࡮ࠬࡦ࡟࡯ࡠޔ‬㐳㧔Lawrence
Lowell㧕ߩਅߢ‫ޔ‬1914 ᐕߩቇᦼ߆ࠄኾ㐷ಽ㊁ࠍㆬᛯߒߘߩಽ㊁ߦߟ޿ߡᷓߊቇୃߔࠆ‫ޟ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟㧔concentration㧕߅ࠃ߮㈩ಽ㧔distribution㧕‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᣂߒ޿ጁୃᣇᑼ߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠛ࡝ࠝ࠶࠻ᤨઍߦ޿ߞߚࠎⷙቯ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺ߇⸃߆ࠇߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߩࠣ࡞࡯- 135 -

ࡊߦ᧤ߨߥ߅ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌૕♽ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇࿑ࠄࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬ቇ↢߇዁᧪ߩኾ᡹ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇኾ㐷ಽ㊁ࠍ⥄↱ߦㆬᛯߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇࠍᵴ߆ߒߟߟ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩਥ㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᷓߊቇ߫ߖࠆߎߣ߇ᗧ࿑ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟ㧔1945 ᐕ㧕ߦߪ‫✚࠻ࡦ࠽ࠦ࡮ࠬࡓ࡯ࠚࠫޔ‬㐳㧔James Conant㧕ߩਥዉߦࠃࠅ‫ߩ☨ోޔ‬ᄢቇ߿ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ”General Education in a Free Society:

Report of the Harvard Committee”‫ࠢ࠶ࡉ࠼࠶࡟ޟࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬㧔Red Book㧕‫ޠ‬㧔⥄↱␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩ⋡⊛ᆔຬળ✬㧕߇਎ߦ໧ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆឭ⿠ࠍ߰߹߃‫ޔ‬1950ᐕߦੱᢥ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ㗔ၞߘࠇߙࠇ߆ࠄዋᢙߩ⑼⋡ࠍဋ╬ߦጁୃߔࠆ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔General Education Program㧕‫߇ޠ‬㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩᓟ‫ࡓ࠽࠻ࠚࡧޔ‬ᚢ੎ߩᤨઍࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬1974 ᐕߦ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ㧔Derek Bok㧕✚㐳ߣ FAS
㐳ߩࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡠ࠰ࡈࠬࠠ࡯㧔Henry Rosovsky㧕‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ห೽㒮㐳ߩࡈࠖ࡝ࠬ࡮ࠤ࡜࡯
㧔Phyllis Keller㧕ࠄߩਥዉߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߩలታߣᡷ㕟߇᭴ᗐߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1978 ᐕߦࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩዉ౉߇ࡈࠔࠞ࡞࠹ࠖߦࠃߞߡᛚ⹺ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1982 ᐕ 9 ᦬౉ቇߩቇ↢߆ࠄቢోㆇ↪ߦ⒖ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ࠺ࠖࠪࡊ࡝ࡦ೎ߩಽߌᣇߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬⃻ઍ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆਥ㗴೎㧔ᄖ࿖ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⎇ⓥ A‫ޔ‬B‫ޔ‬ᢥቇ࡮⧓ⴚ A‫ޔ‬B‫ޔ‬C‫ޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ A‫ޔ‬B‫␠ޔ‬ળಽᨆ㧕ߦࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛߇ᢛℂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬1997
ᐕߦߪ㊂⊛ផ⺰ࠍࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ㗔ၞߦᣂ⸳ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳿⼏ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ߆ࠄㆇ↪߇ᆎ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1998 ᐕߦߪᢎ⢒᡽╷ᆔຬળ㧔Educational Policy Committee㧕߇㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩጁ
ୃⷐઙߩᒁ߈ਅߍߦߟ޿ߡߩᬌ⸛ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬2001 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓ㧔Freshman Seminar Program㧕߇ౣ㐿ߐࠇࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ጁୃන૏ᢙ߇ 8 ࠦ࡯ࠬ㧔1 ࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫⑺ޔ‬ቇᦼ޽ࠆ޿ߪᤐቇᦼߩ half course ಽߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㧕߆
ࠄ 7 ࠦ࡯ࠬ߳ߣ೥ᷫߐࠇߚ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޕ‬ዉ౉એ㒠ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓో
૕ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪᄢ߈ߊᄌᦝߐࠇࠆߎߣߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩኾ㐷㗔ၞߩ⥄↱ߥㆬᛯߣ․ቯߩኾ㐷㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᷓ޿ត᳞ߩਔ┙ࠍࠃࠅᦨㆡൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓸୃᱜ߇ᣉߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬᭎᜝⊛ߦㅀߴࠇ߫‫ⷙߪߢࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ቯ⊛ߢ⥄↱ㆬᛯߩ᏷߇⁜޿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓ‫↱⥄ޔ‬ㆬᛯߩ᏷ࠍ৻᳇ߦ᜛ᒛߒߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ‫↱⥄ޔ‬ㆬᛯߩ૛࿾ߪᱷߒߟߟኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⠌ߩᷓൻࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩਃ㗔ၞ߆ࠄဋ╬ߦቇ߱ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߥߤߩᄌㆫࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬1982 ᐕߩࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᧄᩰ⊛ߥዉ౉એ㒠ߪ‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ౒ㅢၮ⋚ߦ૏⟎ઃߌ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢୘ੱ߇ᔒᦸߔࠆ㓸ਛ
⺖⒟߳ߣ᦭ᯏ⊛ߦߟߥߍߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍߨࠄߞߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ߇⛮ᛚߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵑᵌᴾ ỽἾἕἊỆấẬỦ૙ᏋἱἕἉἹὅấợỎႸ೅ᴾ
ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⍮⼂ࠍഃㅧߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩᔃࠍ⍮⼂ߦ߻ߌߡ㐿߈‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ᢎ⢒ߩᯏળࠍᦨ⦟ߦ
೑↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆࠃ߁ദ߼ࠆ‫ߦࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒࠍߣߎޠ‬ឝߍ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪቇ↢ߚߜ߇තᬺ߹ߢߦએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁⚵❱⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ4‫ޕ‬- 136 -࡮ ⍮⊛⊒⷗߿ᛕ್⊛ᕁ⠨ࠍ੨᦭ߒ‫߿⃻⴫ߥ↱⥄ޔ‬⠨߃ࠍዅ㊀ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ දജ⊛ߥഃㅧߩ♖␹ࠍ߽ߞߡථ⿧ᕈࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ୘ੱߩⴕേߩ⚿ᨐߦኻߔࠆ⽿છࠍᒁ߈ฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅߆ߟ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩ⋡ᮡࠍቇ↢߇㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ᄢቇ஥ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߩ⋡ᮡߣߒߡએਅࠍឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢୘‫߇ੱޘ‬⢻ജ߿⥝๧㑐ᔃࠍะ਄ߒ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛࡮ੱ㑆⊛น⢻ᕈࠍ㐿⊒ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩᦨᄢ㒢ߩෳടࠍ೙⚂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄࠍ⓭߈ߣ߼‫ߩߘޔ‬೙⚂ࠍขࠅ㒰ߊߎߣࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߺߕ߆ࠄ߇ត᳞ߒ‫ޔ‬ഃㅧߒ‫ޔ‬᜸ᚢߒ‫ߊ޿ߡߒ࠼࡯࡝ޔ‬ࠃ߁ቇ↢ࠍ⥄↱ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫↢ߟ߆ߦ⊛┙⥄ޔ‬ᶦߦࠊߚߞߡቇ⠌ߒߡ޿ߊၮ⋚ࠍቇ↢ߦ᝼ߌࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦၭࠊࠇࠆቇ⼂߿ห௥ᕈ߇‫ߩࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬තᬺᓟߩੱ↢ߦ߅޿ߡ㜞ᐲߥ⍮⼂߿ℂ⸃ߩଦㅴ‫␠ޔ‬ળ߳ߩᄺ઀߳ߣዉߊߎߣࠍ߼ߑߔ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫ߡ޿߅ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ㅊ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ⋡ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ℂᔨߪએਅߩㅢ
ࠅߢ޽ࠆ5‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇ↢ߪ⥄ὼⅣႺ߿␠ળ‫ੱ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㑆⥄りߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⼂ࠍ₪ᓧߒ‫ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆ
ࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇ↢ߪ⃻ઍ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ߆ࠇࠄߩ⚻㛎ࠍ✚ว⊛ߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫ઁޔ‬ᢥൻ߿ᱧผߦߟ޿
ߡᛕ್⊛ߦ⸃⺑ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪቇ↢ߩ୶ℂ⊛໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್⊛ᕁ⠨ࠍၭ޿‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߪ⥄ࠄߩ୶ℂⷰࠍᬌ⸽ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ୶ℂ⊛ᕁᗐ߿ታ〣ߩવ⛔ߦߟ޿ߡߩ್ᢿജࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡ᮡࠍᡰ߃ࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩᢎ⢒ℂᔨߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⍮⊛ᅢᄸᔃߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩಽ
㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ㑐ᔃߩ㜞޿໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߒ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߟߟ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߩᜰዉࠍฃߌߥ߇ࠄขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߦࠃߞߡᦨ߽߆߈ߚߡࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥಽ㊁ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃ߊߎߣߦࠃߞߡቇ↢ߩಽᨆ⊛ߥ⢻ജࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬තᬺᓟߩੱ↢ߦ߅޿ߡㆣㆄߔࠆᣂߚߥ⍮⼂ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆ߁߃ߢ᳗⛯⊛ߥଔ୯ࠍᜬߟߣ޿߁ߎߣߦାᔨ߇߅߆ࠇߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ߪߢࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆၮ␆⊛ߥ⍮⼂ߩᵈ౉ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߚߜ߇ਥ૕⊛߆ߟ⥄┙⊛ߦၮ␆⊛ߥ⍮⼂ࠍ⠌ᓧߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߩ⠌ᓧᣇᴺ߿ᕁ⠨ᣇᴺ㧔way of thinking㧕ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍᦨ⚳⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᕁ⠨ᣇᴺߩ₪ᓧߦജὐࠍ߅޿ߚ࿕᦭ߥቇ⠌⋡ᮡ߳ߩౕ૕⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣߒߡ‫⊒ߥ߁ࠃߩߤ߇ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᗐߦၮߠ߈⸳⸘ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ߘߩ᭴ㅧߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿6‫ޕ‬- 137 -ᵒᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲỉನᡯᴾ
ᴾ
ᵒώᵏᴾ ἅỴὉỽἼỿἷἻἲᴾ ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߪ‫ޔ‬7 ಽ㊁ 11 㗔ၞ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޟ‬ࡓ㧔Core Program㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ၮ␆ߦ‫ޔ‬41 ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆቇୃࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆᒻߢ૕♽ൻߐࠇߚቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ๭⒓ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޕ‬㗔ၞ߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࠹
ࠧ࡝࡯ߏߣߩ⋡ᮡ߿ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪਅ࿑ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ ׋‬ᵏᴾ ἅỴὉἩἿἂἻἲỉ 7 Ў᣼ί11 ᪸؏ὸỉႸ೅ấợỎỾỶἛἻỶὅᄖ࿖ᢥൻ㧔Foreign Cultures㧕ᄖ࿖ᢥൻߩߔߴߡߩࠦ࡯ࠬߦ౒ㅢߥ⋡ᮡߪ‫↢ߩޘੱޔ‬ᵴࠍᒻ૞ࠆ㓙ߩᢥൻ⊛ⷐ⚛ߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆቇ↢ߩℂ⸃ࠍะ਄ߒ‫ޔ‬ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᢥൻߣ⪺ߒߊ⇣ߥࠆᢥൻ‫⻉ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ፉ‫ࠣࡦࠕߩ࠼ࡦ࡜࡯ࠫ࡯ࡘ࠾߮ࠃ߅ࠕ࡝࡜࠻ࠬ࡯ࠝޔ࠳࠽ࠞޔ‬ࡠࠨࠢ࠰ࡦᢥൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍㅢߓߡቇ↢⥄りߩᢥൻ⊛઒ቯ߅ࠃ߮વ⛔ߦኻߔࠆᣂ㞲ߥⷞὐࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
ߩಽ㊁ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫߇ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㑐ㅪߒ޽ߞߚᢥൻ߳ߩⷞὐࠍᏱߦ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ߿୶ℂ⊛ଔ୯‫␠ޔ‬ળ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ೙ᐲ‫ޔ‬⍮⊛േะ߿ᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮⧓ⴚ૞ຠߥߤߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥߥᒝ⺞ὐ߇‫ޔ‬㎛ߣߥࠆ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߅ࠃ߮⧓ⴚ૞ຠߩಽᨆ߿ᱧผ⊛ᄌൻߦ߅߆ࠇࠃ߁ߣ߽‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬୘ੱ߿␠ળ↢ᵴߩၮᧄ⊛ߥⷞὐߦ߅߆ࠇࠃ߁ߣ߽‫ߩઁߪࠬ࡯ࠦߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢥൻߩࠛ࠻
ࠬ߿࿕᦭ߩ૏⟎ߠߌࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ․ᱶߥ᭽ᑼߩ⠨߃ᣇ߿ⴕേࠍ⼂೎ߔࠆߎߣࠍㅊⓥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᱧผ⎇ⓥ㧔Historical Study㧕A ⃻ઍߩ໧㗴ࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⸃᣿ߔࠆᱧผ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ౒ㅢߩ⋡ᮡߪ‫ߩߣߏߩ߽ޔ‬តⓥ߅ࠃ߮ᛠីߩ᭽ᑼߣߒߡቇ↢ߩᱧผ߳ߩℂ⸃ࠍߪ߆ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠬ࡯ࠦᧄޕ‬ᱧผ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ㧞ߟߩᒝ⺞ὐB ޽ࠆ․ቯߩ಴᧪੐ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߦߘߊߒߡ㧞ߟߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⚦߆ߊតⓥߔࠆ
ᢥቇ࡮⧓ⴚ㧔Literature and Arts㧕A ᢥቇߩ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߩಽᨆ
ᧄಽ㊁ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߩ౒ㅢ⋡ᮡߪ‫ߩߡ޿ߟߦ⃻⴫⊛ⴚ⧓ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥℂ⸃ࠍଦㅴߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ઁߩ⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥቇ߇‫ޔ‬ቇⴚ⊛ߥᬌ⸛߅ࠃ߮⼏⺰ߩ႐ߣߒߡߩᣇᴺߢ
B ᢥቇએᄖߩ⧓ⴚ⴫⃻ࠍୃᓧ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ଀⸽ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ోޕ‬૕⊛ߥࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․ᕈߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ߔࠆᢥቇߣ⧓ⴚߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪ૗߇ᄙ᭽ߥಽ㊁ߢߩ⍮⼂ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ߆ࠍ଀⸽ߒಽᨆߔࠆࠃ
߁ߦᗧ࿑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬⒳㘃‫ޔ‬ᒻᑼ‫▸ޔ‬࿐‫↪ޔ‬ㅜ߅ࠃ߮ᔕ↪‫㉼⸃߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ߩ᭽ᑼߦࠊߚࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮⧓ⴚߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥ૞ຠ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥ࠹࡯ࡑ‫․ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቯߩᤨ㑆߅ࠃ߮႐ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆഃㅧ⊛ߥᬺ❣ߩ৻⟲ࠍ⠌ᾫߐߖࠆߛࠈ߁‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬૞ຠߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥቇߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥಽᨆߩታᣉ߅ࠃ
߮ቇⴚ⊛ߥ⼏⺰ߩᧄ⾰ࠍዉߊߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬Cᢥቇ࡮⧓ⴚ૞ຠࠍ␠ળߩᯏ⢻ߣߩ㑐ଥߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆ

㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰㧔Moral Reasoning㧕ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ߩ⚻㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ↢ߓࠆㆬᛯߩᯏળ߅ࠃ߮ଔ୯ߣ޿ߞߚ㊀ⷐߢౣ⊒ߔࠆ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆ‫⋡ߩߘޕ‬⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬ℂᕈ⊛ߥ୶ℂ޽ࠆ޿ߪ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥㆬᛯߩᣇᴺࠍតⓥߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠬ࡯ࠦᧄޔߣ߽ߩ⊛⋡ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ㆊ෰߅ߌࠆห᭽ߥㆬᛯߩᯏળߦߟ޿ߡ⍮ࠄߖࠆᕁᗐߩ㊀ⷐߥᵹࠇࠍቇ↢ߦ⚫੺ߒ‫߇ޘੱߦ߆޿ޔߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬㜞ẖߥ↢ᵴߩᧄ⾰ࠍℂ⸃ߒߡ߈ߚ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⼂ࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦദ߼ࠆ‫ࠍࠬ࡯ࠦߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇౏ᱜ‫⟵ޔ‬ോ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃ᮭ‫ޔ‬ᔘታ‫ޔ‬ാ᳇߅ࠃ߮⋥ធ⽿છߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩวℂ⊛ߥኻᔕ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㊂⊛ផ⺰㧔Quantitative Reasoning㧕ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߩ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦᢙቇ⊛࡮㊂⊛ߥᕁ⠨᭽ᑼࠍᜰධߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠬ࡯ࠦߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޕ‬ᢙቇ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⛔⸘ផ⺰ߩℂ⺰⊛ߥ஥㕙ߦశࠍ޽ߡࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢛᢙ⺰߹ߚߪṶ➈⺰ℂቇߦ㑐ߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬㗔ၞߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ‫ઁߩߘޕ‬ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇ޽ࠆ޿ߪੱᢥቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⾰໧ߦኻߔࠆ⸘㊂⊛ᚻᴺߩㆡ↪ࠍี๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ਇ⏕ታᕈߩਅߢ
ߩ᳿ቯ߿‫ੱޔ‬ญ௑ะߩಽᨆߦߟ޿ߡߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪߎࠇࠄߩᔕ↪੐଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⑼ቇ㧔Science㧕
A ‛ℂ⑼ቇ‫ޕ‬㊂⊛ឬ౮ࠍㅢߓߡ
⥄ὼ⃻⽎ߩផ⺰ࠍⴕ߁ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߩ౒ㅢ⋡ᮡߪ‫⥄ࠇࠊࠇࠊޔ‬り߅ࠃ߮਎⇇ࠍⷰࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡ⑼ቇߦߟ޿ߡ
ߩ৻⥸⊛ߥℂ⸃ࠍવ߃ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㕖Ᏹߦᓸ⚦ߥ⚛☸ሶ‫ޔ‬ᩭ‫ޔ‬ේሶ‫ޔ‬ಽሶ‫ޔ‬ㆮB ↢‛ቇ‫ޔ‬ㅴൻቇ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ⑼ቇ‫ޕ‬વሶ߅ࠃ߮⚦⢩߆ࠄ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬Ꮒᄢߥ࿾⃿‫ޔ‬ᄥ㓁♽߅ࠃ߮ቝቮ߹ߢ‫ੱޔߦࠄߐޔ‬ⶄ㔀ߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ㑆ࠍ฽߻↢‛ߥߤࠍኻ⽎ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬1 ߟ޽ࠆ޿ߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ࠻ࡇ࠶
߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ቢ⅜ߥಽᨆࠍᣉߔߩ
ࠢߦߟ޿ߡᷓߊជࠅਅߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ࠍ⸃ߊߎߣ߿‫ⷰޔ‬ኤ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ታ㛎ቶߢߪߥߊ‫࠹߽ࠬࠪߢ߹ߊ޽ޔ‬ߢṶ⠌ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅࠦ࡯ࠬߦෳടߔࠆ‫⚻ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬㛎ߪ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ߥ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯
ࡓߩၮ␆⊛ߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍಽ߅ࠃ߮ᢙቇ⊛⚛㙃ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߩࠍഥߌ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍߩᛛⴚ⊛߆ߟ⑼ቇ⊛ߦㆡᔕߒߚ␠ળ
ᨆߔࠆߦ㑐ߔࠆࠃࠅࠃ޿ℂ⸃߳ߣ⚿߮ߟߊ‫ޕ‬␠ળಽᨆ㧔Social Analysis㧕ᧄࠦ࡯ࠬߩ౒ㅢ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦ␠ળ⑼ቇߩਥᵹߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ߁ߜߩ޿ߊߟ߆ࠍ⠌ᾫߐߖ‫⃻߇࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ઍ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆੱ㑆ߩⴕേߦߟ޿ߡߩℂ⸃ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᒝൻߒ߁ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁್ᢿജࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ౖ᜚㧦Introduction to the Core Curriculum: A Guide for Freshmen, Harvard University 2004-2005 ࠃࠅ૞ᚑ‫ޕ‬- 138 -

ߎ߁ߒߚ⋡ᮡ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈࠍ᦭ߔࠆࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᨒ⚵ߺߩਅ‫ޔ‬㗔ၞߏߣߦᲤᐕ 12㨪
20 ߩ⑼⋡㧔ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓో૕ߢ 200 ㄭߊ㧕߇⚂ 1,600 ฬߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇ↢ߦឭଏߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩ⋡⑼ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦࠄࠇߎޕ‬9 ഀએ਄ߪ‫ࠍࠕࡘ࠾࠹ޔ‬ᓧߚ਄⚖ࡈࠔࠞ࡞࠹ࠖ
࡯߇ฃߌᜬߜ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⚻㛎ߩ⼾ንߥᢎຬߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁7‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒߡቇ⑼㧔department㧕߆ࠄߪ޽ࠊߖߡ 800 ㄭߊߩኾ㐷⑼⋡߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬᭴ㅧߣߘߩᓟߦ⛯ߊ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߣ
ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ጁୃⷐઙߥߤࠍᚻ߇߆ࠅߦࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ․ᓽߦߟ
޿ߡ⠨ኤߒߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᵒώᵐᴾ ‫ᧉݦ‬ểỉᡲ᧙ửᙻ᣼ỆλủẺἅỴỉ̲ࢽᴾ
Ṟ‫̲ޗ‬ἴἙἽᴾࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߢߪ‫ޔ‬තᬺⷐઙߣߒߡว⸘ 32 ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍጁୃߒන૏ࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍቇ↢ߦ⺖ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ඨᢙߩ 16 ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍቇ↢⥄り߇Ꮧᦸߔࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߆ࠄขᓧߔࠆ
ߎߣࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔߦࠄߐޕ‬11 㗔ၞߩ߁ߜ⥄ಽߩᔒᦸߔࠆኾ㐷߆ࠄ㆙޿㗔ၞߩ 7 ࠦ࡯ࠬ㧔ㆬᛯᔅୃ㧕ࠍጁୃߔࠆ‫⺑⸃ޔߟ߆߅ߥޕ‬ᢥ૞ᚑ㧔Expository Writing㧕ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߩฃ⻠߿‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⠌ᾫߩ⸽᣿ߣߒߡ⋧ᔕߩᚑ❣㧔⋡቟ߩ৻଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬College Board
SAT II Test ߦ߅ߌࠆ 600 ὐ㧕޽ߍࠆߎߣ߇ೋᐕᰴߦⷐ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᱷࠅߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ࠮ࡒ
࠽࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩฃ⻠ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦቇ↢ߩㆬᛯߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ࠦࠕߢ߽ࠃ޿ߒ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߢ߽น㧕‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩⷙቯߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽තᬺߦᔅⷐߥࠦ࡯ࠬᢙߩౝ⸶ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦࠃߞߡࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩጁୃߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߊߣޕ‬ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ⑼߇ឭଏߔࠆ⑼⋡ߣ⺒ᦧ߃ࠆߣ޿߁᧦ઙߢ఺㒰ߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡߿‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᔅୃߦᜰቯ
ߐࠇࠆ⑼⋡߽޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߓ↢߇࡯ࠖ࠹ࠛ࡜ࡃޔ‬࿑ 2 ߪ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߏߣߩផᅑጁୃࡕ
࠺࡞ࠍ৻ⷩൻߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⴫ޕ‬ਛߩ٤ߪᔅୃ‫఺ߪ̪ޔ‬㒰‫ߪغ߮ࠃ߅ٌޔ‬ㆬᛯࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬2002 ᐕߩጁୃⷐઙߩᡷ⸓ߦࠃࠆ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥᄌൻࠍนⷞൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ฦ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ਄Ბߦ 1999 ᐕ⑺߆ࠄ 2002 ᐕ⑺߹ߢߦ౉ቇߩቇ↢‫ޔ‬ਅᲑߦ 2002 ᐕ⑺એ㒠౉ቇߩቇ↢ߩጁୃࡕ࠺࡞ࠍਗߴߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߛߌߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߣⷙቯ⊛ߥශ⽎ࠍਈ߃߇ߜߥ 7 ಽ㊁ 11 㗔ၞ߆ࠄᚑࠆ
ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߽‫ޔ‬࿑ 2 ߩጁୃࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢୘‫ߩੱޘ‬ጁୃߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪᔒᦸߔ
ࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦࠃߞߡᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫⴫ޔߟ߆߅ߥޕ‬ਛߩ஻⠨ߦ߽޽ࠆߣ
߅ࠅ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߢߪቇ↢ߺߕ߆ࠄ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቇ↢ߣᜰዉ⠪ߣߩ⋧⺣ߦࠃࠅጁୃࠦ࡯
ࠬ߿఺㒰ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫߇ߣߎߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩᄙ᭽
ൻࠍߐࠄߦ᛼ߒㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥਥ㗴ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩᣇ߇‫ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥਥ㗴ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠃࠅ߽ࠦࠕ
ߩㆬᛯߩ⥄↱ᐲ߇Ⴧߒߡ޿ࠆ௑ะ߇⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߪ⑼⋡ㆬᛯߩ⥄↱ᐲ߇ᐢ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬หᤨߦ‫ోࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬૕ߩጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ⶄ㔀ߦߥߞ- 139 -

ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁஥㕙߽ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬਄ᲑߣਅᲑࠍᲧセߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕߩጁୃⷐઙߩ
ᡷ⸓ߦࠃࠅ఺㒰޽ࠆ޿ߪㆬᛯߩᢙ߇Ⴧ߃ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ⷙߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ቯᕈߪ৻ጀᒙ
߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩⶄ㔀ൻߪ‫࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ࡓߩᨵ᭴ㅧൻࠍଦߔߣߣ߽ߦ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ㅢߓߚቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍૐᷫߐߖ߆ߨߥ޿ജࠍߪࠄࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ߽ᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ8‫ޕ‬‫ ׋‬ᵐᴾ Ӳᨼɶᛢᆉỉਖ਼‫̲ޗڜ‬ἴἙἽᴾ
㧔਄Ბ ᐕ⑺߆ࠄ  ᐕ⑺ߦ౉ቇߩቇ↢‫ޔ‬ਅᲑ ᐕ⑺એ㒠ߦ౉ቇߒߚቇ↢ߦߘࠇߙࠇㆡ↪㧕
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ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃㧣ߟጁୃᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧞ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰߆ߟ‫ࠄ߆غ‬㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ  ߟㆬᛯጁୃ
ٌ߆ࠄ㧞ߟ఺㒰‫ߒߛߚޕ‬ᱧผ⎇ⓥ # ߣᱧผ⎇ⓥ $ ߩਔᣇ఺㒰ߪਇน





ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰





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ࠕࡈࡠ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⎇ⓥ

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ੱ㘃ቇ
ᔕ↪ᢙቇ
ᄤᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮ቝቮ‛ℂቇ
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ൻቇ߅ࠃ߮‛ℂቇฎౖࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲⑼ቇ
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᧲ࠕࠫࠕ⎇ⓥ⚻ᷣቇࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ⑼ቇ
ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᢥቇ

ⅣႺ⑼ቇߣ౏౒᡽╷᳃ଶቇ߅ࠃ߮␹⹤ቇ
࠼ࠗ࠷⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ
᡽ᴦቇᱧผᱧผߣᢥቇ

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ᱧผߣ⑼ቇ٤ ̪ ٌ ٤٤ ̪ ̪ ٤

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⸒⺆ቇ
ᢥቇ
ᢙቇ
㖸ᭉ
ਛㄭ᧲߅ࠃ߮ᢥ᣿⺰
ືቇ
‛ℂቇ
ᔃℂቇ
Ყセቬᢎ⎇ⓥࡠࡑࡦࠬ⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ
ࠨࡦࠬࠢ࡝࠶࠻߅ࠃ߮ࠗ
ࡦ࠼⎇ⓥࠬ࡜ࡉ⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ
␠ળ⎇ⓥ
␠ળቇ
․೎㓸ਛ⺖⒟
⛔⸘ቇⷞⷡ߅ࠃ߮ⅣႺ⎇ⓥ
ᅚᕈ࡮ࠫࠚࡦ࠳࡯࡮ᕈ⎇ⓥ
㧔ᅚᕈቇ㧕

ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ  ߟ఺㒰೽ኾ᡹ߦࠃࠅٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰‫ޕ‬ᜰዉ⠪ߣߩ⋧⺣ࠍⷐߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧞ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ  ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧢ߟㆬᛯጁୃ
ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧢ߟㆬᛯጁୃ
ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ  ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ  ߟㆬᛯጁୃ
ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ቇ↢୘ੱߩ㑐ᔃߦၮߠ߈‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊࠕࠦޔ‬Ᏹછᆔຬળ߇ᜰቯ㧔 ᐕߦᣂ⸳㧕ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃ٌ߆ࠄ㧞ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧝ߟ఺㒰ٌ߆ࠄ㧡ߟㆬᛯጁୃ
ٌ߆ࠄ㧞ߟ఺㒰߆ߟ‫ࠄ߆غ‬㧝ߟ఺㒰ᜰዉ⠪ߣ⋧⺣ߩ߁߃‫ޔ‬೽ኾ᡹ߦࠃߞߡٌߩ
ߤߜࠄ߆㧝ߟࠍ఺㒰‫ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߦࠄߐޕ‬ࠃߞߡ‫ࠄ߆غ‬㧝ߟ఺㒰ౖ᜚㧦Student Handbook http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/handbooks/student/chapter2/corecurr.html#sept2002
߅ࠃ߮ Harvard University, “A Guide for Freshmen: Introduction to the Core Curriculum 2004-2005 ࠍෳᾖߒ૞ᚑ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬2003㧙2004 ᐕᐲߦߪᣂߚߦ‫․ޟ‬೎㓸ਛ⺖⒟㧔Special Concentrations㧕‫ࠇࠄߌ⸳߇ޠ‬ว⸘ 41 ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ṟ࣏̲ᅹႸỉਦ‫ܭ‬ẦỤỚảỦἅỴὉỽἼỿἷἻἲỉཎࣉᴾ
ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ฦ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩጁୃࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᔅୃࠦ࡯ࠬߩᜰቯ⁁ᴫߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆߣ‫ߟߊ޿ޔ‬߆ߩ⥝๧ᷓ޿․ᓽ߇ᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡߊࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬11 ޽ࠆࠦࠕߩ㗔ၞߩߥ߆ߢ߽‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ㆑޿ߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕߣߊߦᔅୃߦᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᢙߩᄙ޿㗔ၞ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩ௑ะ߇߽ߞߣ߽㗼⪺ߥߩߪ‫ޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ⑺એ㒠‫ޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ࠍ఺㒰ࠦ࡯ࠬߦᜰቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪ᡽ᴦቇ‫ޔ‬Ყセቬᢎ⎇ⓥߥߤㄭធ㗔ၞߩ 5 ߟߩߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊੑߟߩߎߣ߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߦ৻╙ޕ‬ᕁ

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⠨ᣇᴺ߿⍮⼂ߩ⠌ᓧᣇᴺߦ㊀߈ࠍ߅ߊࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣߩᢛวᕈ߆ߟ૕♽ᕈߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ੱ↢ߩㆬᛯߩᯏળ߿ଔ୯ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰߇‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡߣߊߦ
㊀ⷐߥᗧ⟵ࠍᜬߟߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߪࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒߡឭଏߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ౒ㅢߩ⑼⋡ࠍጁୃߔࠆߎߣ߇ផᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠆ⷗ᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡ⸃᣿ߔࠆߦߪ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᢎ⢒ℂᔨ߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⸳⸘ᕁᗐߩᱧผ⊛ߥᵹࠇࠍߟ߱ߐߦᬌ⸽ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩮᧄ⊛ߥᔅ㗇ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡߩࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ
୶ℂቇࠍቯ⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ዅ㊀ߐࠇߡ߈ߚࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࿕᦭ߩᢥ⣂ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ߽ߩߣ߽ᝒ߃ࠄ
ࠇࠆ9‫ޕ‬╙ੑߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ⑼߇ឭଏߔࠆኾ㐷ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰߳ߩ⺒ᦧ߃߇น⢻ߥࠦ࡯ࠬ߇
ਲߒ޿ߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆߣ޿߁⷗ᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰߇୘‫ߩޘ‬ቇ⑼࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪ
ឭଏߢ߈ߥ޿࿕᦭ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ‫ࠍࠬ࡯ࠦޔ‬ᜂᒰߔࠆᢎຬߩኾ㐷߅ࠃ߮ᚲዻ
ߣ߽㑐ଥߔࠆ⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ߩᜂᒰᢎຬߩ 14 ฬߩ߁ߜ9 ฬ߇᡽ᴦቇ⑼ߦᚲዻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫఺ޔ‬㒰ࠦ࡯ࠬߣߒߡᜰቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩᢙ߇ 21 ߣ߽ߞߣ߽ᄙ޿㊂⊛ផ⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬ᔕ↪ᢙቇ߿ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ᢙቇ‫ߚߞ޿ߣ⸘⛔ޔ‬ቇ⑼ߢឭଏߐࠇࠆኾ㐷ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢઍᦧߔ
ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁੐ᖱࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㊂⊛ផ⺰ߣ޿߁౒ㅢߩ㗔ၞߩ஺ߩਅߦߪ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬୘‫߿⸘⸳ߩࠬ࡯ࠦߩޘ‬ౝኈߩ᳿ቯߦߟ޿ߡߪቇ⑼ߥ޿ߒᜂᒰᢎ
ຬߩⵙ㊂ߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫࠍࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ࠄߦᒁ߈ነߖࠇ߫‫ޔ‬㗔ၞߦࠃߞߡጁୃⷐઙ߇‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ၮ␆⊛ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢల⿷ߐࠇࠆࠤ
࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠇ߫‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ኾ㐷ᕈߩᒝ޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߩቇ⑼ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢల⿷ߐࠇࠆࠤ࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬୘‫ޘ‬ߩቇ↢ߩ⚻㛎ߩߥ߆ߺߦᏅ߇↢ߓ߁ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ10‫ޕ‬Ṡᨼɶᛢᆉỉᢠ৸ỉЎࠋᴾߥ߅߆ߟ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ㅢߓߚቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟߳ߩ㈩ዻಽᏓߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠈ߁11‫ޕ‬ฦ㓸ਛ⺖⒟߳ߩቇ↢ߩ㈩ಽߪ৻ᓞߢߪߥ
ߊ‫ޔ‬ಽᏓߦߪ஍ࠅ߇޽ࠆ‫”ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬A report on the Harvard College Curricular Review”,
Appendix 3 ߩ⴫ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬2003㧙2004 ᐕᐲߩ㈩ዻੱᢙ߇ਃᩴࠍ⿥߃ࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ޿㗅ߦ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇ㧔643㧕‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦቇ㧔552㧕
‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ㧔338㧕‫␠ޔ‬ળ⎇ⓥ㧔298㧕‫ޔ‬ᱧผቇ㧔293㧕‫↢ޔ‬‛ቇ㧔290㧕‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ࡮ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬ᢥቇ㧔270㧕‫↢ޔ‬ൻቇ㧔234㧕‫ޔ‬ᱧผߣᢥቇ㧔192㧕‫ޔ‬ੱ㘃ቇ㧔126㧕‫ޔ‬ᔕ↪ᢙቇ㧔104㧕‫ޔ‬ᱧผߣ⑼ቇ㧔100㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ᢙ୯ߪੱᢙ㧕‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ‫ޔ‬㈩ዻੱ
ᢙ߇৻ᩴߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪ‫⎇ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ࡮ࡠࡈࠕޔ‬ⓥ㧔8㧕‫ޔ‬ᄤᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮ቝቮ‛ℂቇ㧔8㧕‫ࠗ࠼ޔ‬࠷⺆ቇ߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ㧔3㧕‫ޔ‬ਛㄭ᧲⺆ቇ߅ࠃ߮ᢥ᣿⺰㧔6㧕‫⎇࠼ࡦࠗ߮ࠃ߅࠻࠶࡝ࠢࠬࡦࠨޔ‬ⓥ
㧔7㧕‫⺆ࡉ࡜ࠬޔ‬ቇ߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ㧔9㧕‫⸘⛔ޔ‬㧔8㧕‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈቇ㧔9㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ㈩ዻੱᢙߩ߫ࠄߟ߈ߪ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬᭴ㅧߦ⋥ធ⊛ߦߪᓇ㗀ߒߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬㐿⻠߿ࠢ࡜ࠬⷙᮨߩ໧㗴ߥߤ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߥㆇ༡ߦ߆߆ࠊ

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ࠆߎߣ߇ࠄߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㈩ዻੱᢙ߇㓸ਛߒߡ޿ࠆ⚻ᷣቇߣ᡽ᴦቇߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⎇ⓥ B‫ޔ‬ᢥቇߣ⧓ⴚ B‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ A‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ B ߢᔅୃᜰቯ߇㊀ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㗔ၞߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪᄢੱᢙࠢ࡜ࠬߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠆ‫ⷙࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬ᮨߩ㆑޿ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎߿ߘߩᚑᨐߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵓᵌᴾ ộểỜỆẦảềᴾ એ਄ߩ⠨ኤࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ‫⋡ࠆߌ߅ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ᮡ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬᭴ㅧߣߩ㑐ଥߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩਥ૕⊛߆ߟ⥄┙⊛ߥቇ⠌߿⥄↱ߥ⠨߃ࠍዅ㊀ߒ‫↱⥄ߩࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬ㆬᛯߩ૛࿾ࠍᜂ଻ߒߡ޿ࠆὐ‫ޔߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ㑐ᔃߦߘ
ߊߒߡ․ቯߩಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ⍮⼂߳ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߿ᕁ⠨ᣇᴺࠍ⠌ᓧߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ὐߦ߅޿ߡ
᭎ߨㆡวߒߡ޿ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫․ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ቯߩ౒ㅢᔅୃࠦ࡯ࠬࠍోቇ↢߇৻ᢧߦጁୃߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇᑼߢߪߥߊ‫߁޿ߣࠕ߽ࠦߢ߹ߊ޽ޔ‬㗔ၞᜰቯߦᗧ๧ࠍᜬߚߖࠆᣇ
ᑼࠍណߞߡ޿ࠆ12‫ߡߒߣࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㊀ⷞߔࠆ㗔ၞ㧔⃻ⴕߪ 7 ಽ㊁ 11 㗔ၞ㧕ࠍࠦࠕߦᜰቯߒߚ߁߃ߢ‫ౕࠄࠇߘޔ‬૕⊛ߥࠦ࡯ࠬߩጁୃߦߟ޿ߡᨵエߥᣇᑼࠍណࠅ‫ࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߣቇ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ⺒ߺᦧ߃߇น⢻ߣߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᕁᗐ⸳⸘߿‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩጁୃⷐઙߩᒁ߈ਅߍ
ߥߤߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄↱ߥᗧᕁ߿ㆬᛯ߇ᜂ଻ߐࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ⷙߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ቯᕈߪታ⾰⊛ߦ✭ࠎߛ᭴ㅧߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ߁߃‫ߣࠬ࡯ࠦࠆߌ߅ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ቇ⑼߇ឭଏߔࠆኾ㐷ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߣߩႺ⇇߇ਇ᣿⍎ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ߒ߁ߎޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ߚ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥᄌൻߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ቇ↢୘ੱߩጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪᄙ᭽ൻ߆ߟⶄ㔀ൻߔࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߎߣ
߆ࠄ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬᭴ㅧߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⽾ᕈߪૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⷗ߥߐߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫ࠊߥߔޕ‬ߜ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬᭴ㅧ߆ࠄߪ‫ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬࿕᦭ߥቇ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩ⚌Ꮺߣߥࠆ߽ߩ߇ᝒ߃ߦߊ޿⁁ᴫߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߩ⥄↱ߥㆬᛯߩᗧᕁࠍዅ
㊀ߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ⸳⸘ᕁᗐࠁ߃ߩ․⾰߇ߎߎߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂၫ╩ߩ 2005 ᐕ 5 ᦬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬FAS ߢߪ 2007 ᐕᐲߩㆇ↪㐿ᆎࠍߦࠄߺ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡝ࠠ
ࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ㕟ߦ߻ߌߚ⼏⺰ߩㅜ਄ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦ FAS 㐳ߩ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯
߇‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ᑄᱛࠍ฽߻ೋ߼ߡߩቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ࠍឭ᩺ߒ
ߚߎߣࠍฃߌ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ㧔Core Curriculum Review Committee㧕߇‫ޔ‬ᦨ⚳࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩឭ಴ߦ߻ߌߡ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળ߇૞ᚑߒߚਛ㑆࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ໧㗴ᗧ⼂߅ࠃ߮ಽᨆⷞὐߩ߭ߣߟߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩో૕⊛ߥ⚻㛎ߩઁߩㇱಽߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ૞↪ߒߡ߈ߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧޿߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ
ᵈ⋡ߦ୯ߔࠆ13‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޕ‬ઍࠊࠆᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍዷᦸߔࠆߥ߆‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ
࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥ৻⽾ᕈ߅ࠃ߮૕♽ᕈ߽ߐࠆߎߣߥ߇ࠄ‫ోࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬૕ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ߩ⚻㛎ߩ৻⽾ᕈ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦഃ಴ߐࠇࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬળߩ⼏⺰ߦ- 143 -

߅޿ߡᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ὐ߿⺖㗴ߥߤߩౝኈ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿
ߡߪⓂࠍᡷ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
㧔2005 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 27 ᣣᚑⓂ㧕ᴾɼᙲӋᎋ૨ྂᴾ
Johnson, D. Kent and Ratcliff, James L.㧔2004㧕.“Creating Coherence: The Unfinished
Agenda”,New Directions for Higher Education, No.125.
Keller, Phyllis㧔1982㧕.Getting at the Core: Curricular Reform at Harvard, Harvard
University Press.
Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences㧔2004㧕. A Report on the Harvard

College Curricular Review April 2004.
Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences㧔Fall 2004㧕. Essays on General

Education in Harvard College.
Harvard University 㧔 2005 㧕 . A Guide for Freshmen: Introduction to the Core

Curriculum.
Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences㧔2004㧕. Courses of Instruction

2004-2005.
ࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡠ࠰ࡈࠠ࡯⪺‫ޔ‬૒⮮㓉ਃ⸶㧔1992㧕‫࡯ࠠࡈ࠰ࡠޡ‬ᢎ᝼ߩᄢቇߩᧂ᧪߳‫ޢ‬TBS ࡉ࡝࠲࠾ࠞ‫ޕ‬
੹੗㊀ቁ㧔2003㧕
‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇ‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޠ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫ޢ‬III ㇱ 3 ┨‫₹ޔ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬251㧙263 㗁‫ޕ‬
ᷓ㊁᡽ਯ㧔2005. 3㧕‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᡷ㕟㧙ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬IDE⃻ઍߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬No㧚468‫ޔ‬74㧙80 㗁‫ޕ‬

දᴾ
1

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ߥ߅‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇߢߪቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ 2007 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩో㕙ᡷ⸓ࠍ⷗⿧ߒ‫✚࠭࡯ࡑࠨޔ‬㐳‫࡯ࡆ࡯ࠞޔ‬FAS 㐳ߩ૕೙ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬ࠃࠅࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩࠞ
࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩᬌ⸛ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ࠦޔ‬ࠕ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛߣߘࠇߦઍࠊࠆࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬߩᣂ⸳ࠍ฽߻ឭ⸒
߇⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ౕߪߡ޿ߟߦࠬ࡯ࠦ࡮ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞ࡮࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޕ‬૕ᕈߦᰳߌࠆߎߣߥߤࠍ
ℂ↱ߦࡈࠔࠞ࡞࠹ࠖ߆ࠄᄙߊߩᛕ್߇ነߖࠄࠇ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩឭ಴ߦะߌߚ⼏⺰ߦㆃࠇ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠆߌ߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬዁᧪௝߇ਇนⷞߢ޽ࠆ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬߭ߣ߹ߕ 2006 ᐕᐲ߹ߢലജࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߣߒߡࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ
ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ⊛․⾰ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
FAS ߩቇ⑼㧔department㧕ߪᰴߩㅢࠅ‫⎇ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࡈࠕ߮ࠃ߅ࠞ࡝ࡈࠕޕ‬ⓥ‫ੱޔ‬㘃ቇ‫ޔ‬ᄤᢥቇ‫↢ޔ‬๮⑼ቇ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆࠻࡞ࠤޔ‬ᢥቇ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ߅ࠃ߮ಽሶ↢‛ቇ‫ޔ‬ฎౖ‫ޔ‬Ყセᢥቇ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿߅ࠃ߮ቝቮ⑼ቇ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆⸒ࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬ᢥ᣿⺰‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ࡮ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬ᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆‫߮ࠃ߅⺆࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬ᢥቇ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦቇ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ‫߮ࠃ߅ⴚ⟤ޔ‬ᑪ▽ผ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇผ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬ᢙቇ‫ޔ‬㖸ᭉ‫ޔ‬ਛㄭ᧲⸒⺆߅ࠃ߮ᢥ᣿⺰‫ືޔ‬ቇ‫‛ޔ‬ℂቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆ࠬࡦࡑࡠޔ‬ᢥቇ‫⎇࠼ࡦࠗ߮ࠃ߅࠻࠶࡝ࠢࠬࡦࠨޔ‬ⓥ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆ࡉ࡜ࠬޔ‬ᢥቇ‫␠ޔ‬ળቇ‫߅ⷡⷞޔ⸘⛔ޔ‬- 144 -

3

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ࠃ߮ⅣႺ⎇ⓥ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩᱧผߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Harvard University Faculty ofArts and Sciences㧔April 2004㧕, “A Report on the Harvard College Curricular
Review”, 3́5 㗁ࠍෳᾖߒߚ‫ޕ‬The Mission of Harvard College, ḛStudent Handbook”
http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/handbooks/student/mission.html㧔06/03/28㧕
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~core/redbook.html 㧔06/03/28㧕
ߥ߅‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ឭ໒⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢߪ‫ޟߢ߆ߥߩᦠ⪺ޔ‬૗ࠄ
߆ߩวℂ⊛ߥ౒ㅢߩ⋡ᮡߩ࠮࠶࠻ߦะߌߚ৻⽾ᕈߩ޽ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ஻߃ࠆߎߣߥ
ߒߦࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ߇᳗⛯ߔࠆ႐วߪ‫ޔ‬Ᏹߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߪᒙ૕ൻߔࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬‫࡝ࠞޔߣޠ‬ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⽾ᕈߩߚ޿ߖߟߐࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Bok, Derek㧔1986㧕, Higher
Learning, Harvard University Press, p.45.
ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮ࠝࡈࠖࠬߩ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬Susan Lewis ᳁߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ㧔2005
ᐕ 3 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦ߇ࠖ࠹࡞ࠞࠔࡈ࡮ࠕ࠾ࠪޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᜂᒰߔࠆ೑ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧝㧚ᰴ਎ઍߦ⥄ಽߩኾ㐷㗔ၞࠍ⢛᥊ߣߒߚ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢ߿਎⇇㧔ଔ୯ⷰ㧕ࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬㧞㧚࠹ࠖ࡯࠴ࡦࠣ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ␜ໂࠍ⎇ⓥߦ෻ᤋߢ߈ࠆߎߣ‫ߛ޿޽ߩࠖ࠹࡞ࠞࠔࡈ߇ޔ‬ߢ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬Johnson ߣ Ratcliff ߪ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩ⃻࿷ߩ޿߹ߢ߽‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈߩ޽ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ
᭴▽ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦᱷߐࠇߚᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߚ߁߃‫ޔ‬ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩㆊ⒟ߪ⛔৻㧔᳞ᔃ⊛㧕ߣ㓏ጀൻ㧔㆙ᔃ⊛㧕߳ߩജߣ޿߁ᜟ᛫ߒߚ✕ᒛࠍߪࠄߺ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߩ᜛ᒛ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ቇ↢߿߆ࠇࠄߩ⢻ജ߅ࠃ߮㑐ᔃߩᄙ᭽ൻߦㆡวߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜
ࡓߩኾ㐷ಽൻ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⊛‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ߥ␠ળߩఝవ੐㗄ߦ⷗วߞߚࠦ࡯ࠬߩ♖✺ൻߪߔߴߡ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㆙ᔃജߣߒߡ૞↪ߔࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Johnson, D Kent andRatcliff, James L. 㧔2004㧕, "Creating Coherence: The Unfinished Agenda", Changing
General Education Curriculum 㧔New Directions for Higher Education, no.125, Spring
2004㧕, Jossey-Bass., p.88.

910ߥ߅‫ޔ‬Handbook of the Undergraduate Curriculum ߦࠃࠇ߫‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈ㧔Coherence㧕ߣߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ↢߇‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᦭↪ߢ᳗⛯⊛ߥᛛⴚ߿ᵢኤജߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚ⺰ℂ⊛ߥࠦ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢߩ㈩೉ࠍ૕㛎ߒᓧࠆࠃ߁ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓౝߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧੕ㅪ⚿‫ޕ‬ᒻᚑߐࠇߚⷐ᳞
߿ឭ␜ߐࠇߚᖱႎߦ߅ߌࠆනߥࠆ৻⽾ᕈࠍ⿥߃ߚ߽ߩࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆⶄ㔀ߥ᭎ᔨ‫ޠ‬‫ߣޔ‬ቯ⟵
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Gaff, Jerry G. and Ratcliff, James L. and Associates㧔1997㧕, Handbookof the Undergraduate Curriculum, Jossey-bass, p.708‫ߡ޿߅ߦ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔߦࠄߐޕ‬߽‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬㐿ᆎએᓟ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢஥߆ࠄߩᛕ್ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ৻⽾ᕈ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ஥ߪࠦࠕߦ৻⽾ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣାߓߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⁁ᴫ߇↢ߓߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁‫੹ޕ‬੗㊀ቁ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇ‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޠ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ
㕟‫ޢ‬III ㇱ 3 ┨‫₹ޔ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕ‫ޔ‬256 㗁‫ޕ‬
1988 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦ౏㐿ߐࠇߚ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ✚㐳㧔ᒰᤨ㧕ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ߩᣂߒ޿ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ↹ᦼ⊛ߥ㕟ᣂߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ోຬ߇㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ߩࠦ࡯ࠬࠍขࠆߣ޿߁ጁୃⷐઙߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬Harvard University, The
President’s Report: 1986-1987, p.10.㧔Harvard University Archives㧕
http://pds.harvard.edu:8080/pdx/servlet/pds?id=2582483&n=11&s=4&res=3
㧔06/03/28㧕
߹ߚ‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰㧔Moral Reasoning 64, 2005 spring㧕ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ
Professor. Muirhead ߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߩߡߴߔߢ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ
↢ߦߣߞߡ㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰߇㊀ⷐߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ஥㕙߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
Professor Russell Muirhead ߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ㧔2005 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 3 ᣣ㧕‫ޕ‬ߥ߅߆ߟ‫߁޿ߣ⾰ߩࠬ࡯ࠦޔ‬ὐߦ㑐ߒߡߺࠇ߫‫ߣࠬ࡯ࠦࠆߌ߅ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ቇ- 145 -

11

12

13

⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆઍᦧࠦ࡯ࠬߣߩ⾰ߩ᳓Ḱࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦឥ߃ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚࠞ࡟࠶ࠫᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩᜂ଻ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߒߚࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫▤ޔ‬⷗ߩ߆߉ࠅ⷗ᒰߚࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆᤨᦼߪೋᐕᰴߩ⚳ࠊࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ઁޔߩߎޕ‬ᄢቇߣᲧߒߡ
ᣧᦼߦㆬᛯᤨᦼࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߪቇౝߢ⾥ุਔ⺰߇޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᤨᦼࠍ 2 ᐕᰴߩ╙ 1 ࠲࡯ࡓߩ⚳ੌᤨὐߦߕࠄߔߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠄߥߗߥޕ‬ᄢቇߦ౉ቇߒߚ߫߆ࠅߩቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥౝ㕙⊛߆ߟᄖ㕙⊛ߥࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ࠍฃߌߥ߇ࠄᄢቇߦㆡᔕߔࠆ⒖ⴕᦼߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߎߣ‫߆߅ߥޔ‬ߟ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߦචಽߥ⍮⼂߿ᖱႎ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫߇ޔ‬ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ೋᐕᰴߢߩጁୃ߇ផᅑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⑼⋡㧔⸃⺑ᢥ૞ᚑᴺ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌‫ߩߘޔ‬ઁࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩጁୃⷐઙࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ߩ⑼⋡ߥߤ㧕ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢ߩቇ⠌⚻㛎ߪᄙጘߦࠊߚࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬หߓߊ‫⪺ߢߣߎࠆߔ᦭ࠍޠࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޟ‬ฬߥࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇ㧔Columbia University㧕ߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪⷙቯᕈ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡᒝ
޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޕ‬1 ᐕ↢ߪ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߒኻ⹤ࠍᷓ߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ቇୃߢ૶↪ߔࠆ౒ㅢ⸒⺆ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ડ࿑ߐ
ࠇ‫ޔ‬‫⃻ޟ‬ઍᢥ᣿⺰㧔Contemporary Civilization㧕‫ޔߤߥޠ‬ᔅୃߦᜰቯߐࠇߚ⑼⋡ࠍዋੱᢙࠢ࡜ࠬߢ৻ᢧߦጁୃߔࠆߎߣ߇⺖ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences㧔2004㧕. A Report on the Harvard
College Curricular Review April 2004, p.5‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ੹ᓟߩ੍ቯߩ߭ߣߟߦ‫ޔ‬
2007 ᐕߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿾඙ၮḰදળߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐್ቯᆔຬળ㧔theCommission on Institutions of Higher Education, the New England Association of
Schools and Colleges㧕ߦࠃࠆᄖㇱ⹏ଔ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕ 1 ᦬ࠃࠅᣂၮḰ߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ⼏⺰ߦ߽ߎࠇࠄߩᣂၮ
Ḱ߇ߥࠎࠄ߆ߩᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᜓᠴᴾ
ᧄⓂࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳ߩ ,COGU9KNMKPUQPᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬หᄢቇࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡮ࠝࡈࠖࠬߩ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠲࡯5WUCP.GYKU ᳁‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬หᄢቇ(#5 ᡽ᴦቇ⑼ߩ 4WUUGNN/WKTJGCF ഥᢎ᝼߆ࠄᄙᄢߥߏෘᗧࠍ㗂ᚬߒ‫ޔ‬߅߅ߊߩ␜ໂࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬⸥ߒߡ⻢ᗧࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬- 146 -

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㧙㧔㧞㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ㧙


㠽ዬ᦮ሶ

ᵏᵌᴾ ỊẳỜỆᴾᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧙㧔㧝㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆ․⾰㧙‫ߣޠ‬หߓߊ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ᚻᴺ߳ߩ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ၮ␆⊛⎇ⓥߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬1636 ᐕߩഃ┙߆ࠄ㐳޿ᱧผߦࠊߚߞߡߔߋࠇߚቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߩታ❣ࠍᜬߟ☨࿖ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ㧔Harvard
University㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ࡂޔ‬࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ㧔Harvard College એਅࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߣ⇛⸥㧕ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩᢎ⢒ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆ FAS㧔Faculty of Arts and Sciences એਅ FAS ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ 2002 ᐕ⑺߆ࠄ⌕ᚻߐࠇߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔General Education Curriculum㧕ߩᄢ᏷ߥᡷ⸓ߩᮨ᭽ࠍᬌ
⸛ߔࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᰴߩᡷ⸓ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ 30 ᐕ㑆ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅޿ߡ⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ(Core
Program)1ߩᑄᱛߣ‫ࠆࠊᦧߦࠇߘޔ‬ᣂࠦ࡯ࠬߩ㐿⸳ࠍ฽߻‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᄢដ߆ࠅߥᡷ㕟᩺ࠍ฽߻߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⚵❱⊛ߥቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ
ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߦ޽ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆ⃻࿷ㅴⴕਛߩ㐿⊒੐଀ߪᩰᅢߩ⠨ኤኻ⽎ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ
ߣ⷗ߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߊߦ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ࿕᦭ߥᢥ⣂߿⚵❱㘑࿯ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߟߟ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⚵❱૕೙‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߩ▸࿐߅ࠃ߮⺰ὐ‫⊛❱⚵ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߦ߅ߌࠆᎿᄦߥ
ߤߩ․⾰ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ᚻᴺߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍᢛℂߔࠆ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂ߇࠻ࡦࠗࡐߩࠄࠇߎޔ߽ߢ߆ߥޕ‬ᄢቇ FAS ߢߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⼏⺰ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦ⇐ᗧߒߟߟ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߩ․⾰ࠍᢛℂߒߚ޿‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ⨲Ⓜ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߦࠃߞߡၫ╩ߐࠇߚᢥᦠ߿ዊ⺰‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߇⊒ⴕߔࠆᣂ⡞╬ߩ⸥੐㧔The Harvard Crimson ߿ The
Harvard Gazettes ╬㧕‫ޔ‬ᄢቇౝㇱ⾗ᢱ㧔Harvard University Archives㧕‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ߿ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߦ
ኻߔࠆࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ࡮ࡔࡕ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߦ߅޿ߡ౏㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᖱႎ߿⾗ᢱ╬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵐᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ᧏ႆỉਖ਼ᡶ˳Сᴾᴾ
ᵐᵋᵏᵌᴾ ὁὊỿὅἂἂἽὊἩấợỎỽἼỿἷἻἲ౨᚛‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ỉನ঺ể˓Ѧᴾ੹࿁ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߩᄢⷙᮨߥᡷ㕟ߪ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦ✚㐳ߦዞછߒߚࡠ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ࡮ࠨ
ࡑ࡯࠭㧔Lawrence Summers㧕ߩ⸥ᔨᑼౖࠬࡇ࡯࠴ߦ߅޿ߡߔߢߦ⴫᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ࡑࠨޕ‬- 147 -

࡯࠭✚㐳ߪ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬዁᧪᭴ᗐࠍឬߊߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ৻૕ᕈ‫⥄ޔ‬
ὼ⑼ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠯࡝ࡃ࡯ࡠࠣޔ‬ὶὐߣߒߚᄢቇᡷ㕟ߩ⸘↹ࠍਥᒛߒߚ2‫ޕ‬ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦ FAS 㐳ߦ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯㧔William Kirby㧕ߩਥዉߦࠃ
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ 30 ᐕ㑆ߦ߅޿ߡೋ߼ߡߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓߇㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩᡷ⸓ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߩᦨೋߩ྾ඨ਎♿ߦࠊߚߞߡ᦭ലᕈࠍ⊒ើߔࠆࠃ߁ߥቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴▽ࠍߦࠄߺ‫ޔ‬නߦㇱಽ⊛ߥᬌ⸛߅ࠃ߮ᡷ⸓㧔review㧕ߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩឭ᩺㧔renew㧕ࠍ฽߻ᛮᧄ⊛ߥᡷ㕟߇኿⒟ߦ౉ࠇࠄࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫⽷ޕ‬᡽㕙ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕߦߪ⚂ 120 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ੍▚ࠍ‫ޔ‬FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ
⢒߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢↢ᵴߩะ਄‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮↢ߩࡈࠚࡠ࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ᜛ᒛߥߤߦలߡࠆߎߣ߇⷗
ㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ3‫ޕ‬৻⥸ ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ ⸓߇⌕ᚻ ߐࠇߚᒰೋߪ ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘ ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ㆇ ༡ᆔຬ ળ
㧔Curricular Review Steering Committee㧕ߩਅߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ㧠ߟߩኾ㐷ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯
ࡊ㧔ቇ↢ߩ✚ว⊛ߥᄢቇ⚻㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ
ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ૕೙߇⚵߹ࠇߚ㧔Interim report Dec.2003㧕‫ޕ‬એਅߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߅ࠃ߮ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ
࡞࡯ࡊߩછോߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ㧔Curricular Review Steering Committee㧕 ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߪ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟↢ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․ቯ੐
㗄ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᆔછߐࠇߚ 4 ߟߩࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ౒หᆔຬ㐳ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߪ FAS 㐳ߩࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ㐳ߩࠣࡠࠬߩ౒หᆔຬ㐳ࠍᠩߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩછോߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᵴേࠍ⺞ᢛߒ‫ߌ߅ߦࡊ࡯࡞ࠣࠣࡦࠠ࡯ࡢޔ‬ࠆ૞ᬺߩ೨ㅴ߳ߩᯅᷰߒߣߥࠆ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠍ⼏⺰ߔࠆࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᐢ▸ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ໧㗴ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ԙቇ↢ߩ✚ว⊛ߥᄢቇ⚻㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔Working group on Students’
overall academic experience㧕ቇ↢ߩ✚ว⊛ߥᄢቇ⚻㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᨒ⚵ߺߦⷞὐࠍᛩߓ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯᤨᦼ‫ࠬࠗࡃ࠼ࠕޔ‬೙ᐲ‫⇐ޔ‬ቇ⚻㛎‫ޔ‬ቇⴚ⊛ߥᵴേߣ⺖ᄖᵴേߣߩ㑐ଥߥߤߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԛᢎ᝼ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔Working group on Pedagogy㧕ᢎ᝼ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ߦ߆޿ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠍᢎ߃ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߿ઁߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߣห᭽ߦ‫ߡ޿߅ߦࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࠮ߣ⟵⻠ޔ‬ឭଏߐࠇࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩ᦭ലᕈ‫ޔ‬୘ੱᜰዉߩᓎഀ‫⚻ߩࡦ࡯࠻ࠬࡊ࠶ࡖࠠޔ‬㛎ߣធวߒ߁ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
ߩ㓏᪽ߩ▸࿐‫ޔ‬ᢥ┨૞ᚑߩᜰዉᣇᴺ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⠌ᓧߩᅑബᣇᴺ‫⹜ޔ‬㛎Ḱ஻ᦼ㑆ߩᓎഀ‫ࠗޔ‬ࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩᵴ↪ߣ޿ߞߚ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬- 148 - ԛ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔Working group on General Education㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߦㆡಾߥࠃࠅᐢ▸ߥᢎ⢒ࠍቇ↢߇੨ฃߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ࠇߤߡ޿߅ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬߶ߤ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅ߊߴ߈߆‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᣇᑼࠍណ↪ߔࠆߴ߈߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ‫ߪࡊ࡯࡞ࠣࠣࡦࠠ࡯ࡢޔ‬ㆡಾߥࠦ࡯ࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԝ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔Working group on Concentrations㧕㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ⋡⊛ߣ޿߁ὐ߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩㆡಾߥ㈩⟎‫ޔ‬ቇ⑼ߣቇ㓙⊛ߥᆔຬળߣߩ㑐ଥ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᭴ᚑᣇᴺߥߤߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫౒ޔߪߦߎߎޕ‬ห㓸ਛ⺖⒟‫ޔ‬೽ኾ᡹‫⾗ޔ‬ᩰ⸽᣿ߥߤߩ⺰ὐ߽฽߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩฬ⒓߆ࠄ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ೋᦼߩᲑ㓏߆ࠄࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓߩ⧯ᐓߩᡷ⸓ߣ޿߁ၞࠍ⿥߃ߚቇ჻⺖⒟ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో㕙ᡷ⸓߇ડ࿑ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ߚὐߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬᭴ㅧࠍ೚ᣂߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫࡯ࡂޔ‬ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬ㧔Harvard College Course એਅ HCC ߣ⇛⸥㧕ࠍਛᔃ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߔࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩഃ಴߇ᗧ࿑ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩਅߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ㧡ߟߩࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟߦᆔຬળ⚵❱ߦ⊒ዷߒ‫ޔ‬2005
ᐕ 5 ᦬⃻࿷ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ૕೙ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪએਅߩ㧣ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on General Education‫ޔ‬એਅ CGE㧕
࡮⑼ቇᛛⴚᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Science and Technology Education‫ޔ‬એਅ CSTE㧕࡮ഥ⸒߅ࠃ߮⋧⺣ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Advising and Counseling‫ޔ‬એਅ CAC㧕࡮⸃⺑ᢥ૞ᚑࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ㧔Committee to review Expository Writing‫ޔ‬એਅ
CEW㧕
࡮ᢎ᝼ᴺᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Pedagogical Improvement‫ޔ‬એਅ CPI㧕
࡮1 ᦬ቇᦼߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on a January Term‫ޔ‬એਅ CJT㧕࡮ᶏᄖ૕㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔Committee on Study Abroad‫ޔ‬એਅ CSA㧕ߎߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬CPI ߪᏱ⸳ᆔຬળ㧔standing committee㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫․ߪઁߩߘޔ‬೎㧔ad hoc㧕ߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚᆔຬળߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬ቯ଀ળ⼏ࠍ 2 ㅳ㑆ߦ৻࿁㐿௅ߒ‫ޔ‬੐೨ႎ๔ᦠ㧔preliminary report㧕߿ 2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠ㧔Interim report㧕ߩឭ಴ࠍ⚻ߡ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅ࿑ߪᆔຬળ૕೙ࠍ◲ẖߦ⴫ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹ᰴߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ✚㐳⋥ロߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓૞ᬺߢߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߥᮭ㒢ߪ FAS
㐳ߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ৻ቯߩ⁛┙ᕈ߇଻ߚࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿑ਛߢߪ✚㐳ߣ FAS 㐳- 149 -

ߩ㑆ߪ⎕✢ߢ⚿߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬



✚㐳


FAS 㐳



⒁ᦠ/⺞ᢛᜂᒰ

ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ


CGE(20)

CSTE(20)

CAC(18)

CEW(4)

CPI(13)

CJT(7)

CSA(㧙)



ERG


࿑㧝ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩᆔຬળ⚵❱᭴ᚑ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬⃻࿷‫ޕ‬㧔 㧕ߪᆔຬળߩੱᢙ㧕࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ,COGU9KNMKPUQP ᳁߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߦࠃࠅ૞ᚑ

ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 5 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬CPI ߩ⣁ߦᢎ⢒⺞ᩏࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧔Education Research Groupએਅ ERG ߣ⇛⸥㧕߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ERG ߣߪ‫ޔ‬CPI ߣߩ⋧੕ᡰេࠍ⋡⊛ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫ࠞޔ‬࡟࠶ࠫߩᢎ⢒ᡷༀߦߣߞߡ޿߆ߥࠆ⺞ᩏ߿࠺࡯࠲߇᦭ലߥߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍછോߣߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫৻╙ޕ‬Ბ㓏ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬኻ⽎ߩ੐೨⺞ᩏ㧔ᢎ⢒ᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧะ⺞ᩏ㧕ࠍታᣉߒ‫⥄߇࠲࡯࠺ߥ߁ࠃߩߤ߇ࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬ಽߚߜߩ᝼ᬺᡷༀߦߣߞߡ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮ␆⺞ᩏࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁4‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᄢቇߩቇౝ⚵❱ߪಽᮭൻ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡㅴⴕߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ᓞ⊛ߥᗧᕁ᳿ቯ߇ㆀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߿ᢎ⢒‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲߿ᖱႎ߇৻ర
⊛ߦ଻▤ߐࠇචಽߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿ߞߚ໧㗴߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᯏ㑐ߩਛᄩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ▤ℂⴕ᡽ㇱ㐷ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇ⺞ᩏ⹏ଔቶ‫ޠ‬
㧔Office of Institutional Researchand Evaluation‫ޔ‬એਅ OIRE)5ߣ FAS ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߺࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߿ᢎ⢒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ࠺
࡯࠲ࠍ੺ߒߚਔ⠪ߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ߪߎࠇ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ⣀ᒙߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬໧㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍ߰߹߃ߡᣂߚߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ ERG ߦߪ‫ޔ‬FAS ߩᢎຬߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬OIRE ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ㧔IR‫ߩ⸘⛔ޔ‬ኾ㐷⡯ຬࠄ㧕߽ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬ቇౝᖱႎߩ᦭ല߆ߟวℂ⊛ߥᵴ↪߇⋡ᜰߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ6‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬FAS
㐳ߩਥዉᕈߩ߽ߣ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺰ὐߦߘߊߒ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ૕೙߇ᨵエߦ᭴▽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵐᵋᵐᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ౨᚛‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ỉἳὅἢὊᴾ ฦኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߦߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ߅ࠃ߮࿅૕╬ߩ⾗㊄ነઃ⠪ߩฬ೨ࠍ౰ߔࠆฬ⹷⒓ภ7ࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⹏ଔߩ㜞޿ᐕ㐳ߩᢎຬ߇છ๮ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬CGE‫ޔ‬CSTE‫ޔ‬CPI ߦߪ 2 ฬߕߟ‫ޔ‬CAC‫ޔ‬CJT ߦߪߘࠇߙࠇ 1 ฬߩቇ↢ઍ⴫ᆔຬ㧔⴫ਛߩ✂ដߌㇱಽ㧕߇ෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

- 150 -

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χਗᾉᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ἳὅἢὊᘙ ᶆᶒᶒᶎᵘᵍᵍᶕᶕᶕᵌᶄᵿᶑᵌᶆᵿᶐᶔᵿᶐᶂᵌᶃᶂᶓᵍᶁᶓᶐᶐᶇᶁᶓᶊᶓᶋᵋᶐᶃᶔᶇᶃᶕᵍᶁᶐᵽᶁᶍᶋᶋᶇᶒᶒᶃᶃᶑᵌᶆᶒᶋᶊ ửӋༀẲ˺঺ᴾᵑᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ౨᚛ỉἩἿἍἋᴾᵑᵋᵏᵌᴾ ‫ᙹٻ‬೉ễỽἼỿἷἻἲોᚖỉᏑ୎ᴾએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᆔຬળ૕೙ߩਅ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⼏⺰ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ
᭎ⷰߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆ੹ᰴߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ⃻࿷߽ㅴⴕਛߛ߇‫ࡠࡊߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬࠮ࠬߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࡔ࡞ࠢࡑ࡯࡞ߦࠃߞߡᄢ߹߆ߥᤨᦼ඙ಽ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ FAS 㐳ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯ߩឭ⿠ߦࠃࠆᬌ⸛૞ᬺߩᧄᩰ⊛ߥ㐿ᆎ㧔2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬㧕- 151 -ԙ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ᆔຬળߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩ⊒⴫㧔2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬㧕Ԛ ኻ⹤㓸ળ╬ߩ㐿௅߿ႎ๔ᦠߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗ߩ㓸⚂㧔2004 ᐕ 12 ᦬㨪2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬㧕ԛ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠ࠼࡜ࡈ࠻ߩ૞ᚑߣี๧㧔2005 ᐕ 6 ᦬⃻࿷㧕 એਅ‫ᦼᤨߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬඙ಽߩߥ߆ߢ߽‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪߣߊߦԙߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩ⊒⴫એ㒠ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߢߦᄙߊߩవⴕ⎇ⓥ߿ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩ⃻႐߆ࠄᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ߪߢ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬1978 ᐕߦዉ౉߇᳿ቯߐࠇߚࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩㆇ↪߇ 30 ᐕㄭߊ⛮⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2002 ᐕ
10 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛࠍ฽߻ో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬߪ਎⇇ߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⇇ࠍ⾟ࠊߖ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠ㧔A Report on the Harvard College

Curricular Review. SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL RECOMMENDATIONS, April 24, 2004.
એਅ Report, April 2004 ߣ⇛⸥㧕ߪቇౝᄖߩᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߚ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ᵈ⋡ߩ⊛ߣߥߞߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߩ᳇ㆇ߇㜞߹ߞߚਥߥℂ↱ࠍਛ㑆࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߆ࠄᜪ޿਄
ߍࠆߣ‫ޔ‬એਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߣࠦࠕߩጁୃⷐઙߩ೙⚂߇ቇ↢ࠍ᜔᧤ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޕ‬ᢎຬ߇ឭଏߔࠆ⼾ንߥࠦ࡯ࠬࠍតⓥߔࠆᯏળ߇޽߹ࠅߦ߽ዋߥ޿ߣ޿߁ቇ↢ߚߜߩਇḩ‫ޕ‬(Report, April 2004, p.6)
࡮ ቇ↢ߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ߨ‫ޔ‬ጁୃߔࠆ୘‫߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩࠬ࡯ࠦ࡮ࠕࠦߩޘ‬ఝࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ኻߔࠆቇ↢߅ࠃ߮ᢎຬߩᾲᗧߪᤨઍߣߣ߽ߦૐ
ਅߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩᢎຬ߇‫ߦࠕࠦࠍࠬ࡯ࠦߩߤޔ‬฽߼ࠆ߆ࠍ⹏ቯߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ
߇ਇㅘ᣿ߢා੺ߥߎߣ߇ࠄߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢߽ᢎຬ߽‫ޔ‬ฦࠦࠕ㗔ၞߩ․ቯߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆ᣿⏕ߥ৻⥌ߒߚ⷗⸃ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠆ޽ߗߥޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ࠦࠕߦ฽߹ࠇ‫ߗߥޔ‬೎ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߪࠦࠕߩᄖߦ߅߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩ
඙೎߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߒߥ޿ߚ߼‫⺑ޔ‬᣿߿ᱜᒰൻ߇࿎㔍ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠦࠕߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚࠦ࡯ࠬߦᄢ᏷ߦ೙㒢ߐࠇࠆߥ߆ߢጁୃⷐઙࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߚߜߪᤨ‫⥄ޘ‬ಽ⥄りߩ⢻ജ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⋡ᮡࠃࠅ߽ૐ޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠦ࡯ࠬࠍጁୃߒߡߒ
߹߁‫ޕ‬ቇ↢߇ࠦࠕߩጁୃⷐઙࠍḩߚߔߚ߼ߦ㒢ቯ⊛ߥㆬᛯࠍⴕ߁ߦߒߚ߇޿‫ࠇ߆ޔ‬ࠄߪᄢੱᢙࠦ࡯ࠬࠍขࠄߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ߎߣߦਇᧄᗧߐࠍᗵߓࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠦࠕ࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ▸࿐߇‫ޔ‬ᄢㇱಽߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ᢎຬߩਥዉߦࠃߞߡ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇⥝๧ࠍᛴ߈‫ࠍࡦࠗ࡜࠼ࠗࠟߩࠕࠦߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ḩߚߔࠃ߁ߥ㗔ၞߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ߥ޿ߣ
޿߁⧰ᖱ߇ߒ߫ߒ߫⡞߆ࠇࠆ‫(ޕ‬એ਄‫ޔ‬Report, April 2004,p.12-13)
ߚߒ߆ߦ‫ޔ‬1978 ᐕߦࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚᒰᤨߩᢎຬߩᾲᗧߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߣᲧߒߡ
㜞޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣߺߥߖࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ዉ౉ߩਥዉ⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ߞߚࡠ࠰ࡈࠬࠠ࡯㧔Rosovsky㧕FAS 㐳㧔ᒰᤨ㧕߇ႎ๔ᦠߦነߖߚᐨᢥ㧔Report to thefaculty and students on the core curriculum, May 1979 Office of the Dean, FAS, HUA- 152 -

979.14, Box No. 219㧕ߦ߽‫ޔ‬૗ࠍࠦࠕߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߿‫ߦࠕࠦޔ‬ᜰቯߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߩࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߣ޿߁߽ߩ߽ߤ߁ߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚේೣߦ߆߆ࠊࠆߎߣ߇ࠄߦᒝ޿
໧㗴ᗧ⼂߇ะߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇⺒ߺขࠇࠆ‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔߚ߹ޕ‬ዉ౉ߒߚᒰᤨߩ
✚㐳ߢ޽ߞߚ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ(Derek Bok)߽‫ޔ‬1974 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1978 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡታᣉߐࠇߚ೨࿁ߩ
ᄢ᏷ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯߇‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ௑ะߣߒߡࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼߿ઁᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ⎇ⓥ߅
ࠃ߮ᄢቇᢎ⢒߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇ᒝ߹ࠆߥ߆‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆᣂߚߥᾲᗧࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߚߣ࿁
㘈ߒߡ޿ࠆ8‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߢ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠦࠕߦኻߔࠆᾲᗧߩᐲว޿ߦ
ߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ታ⸽ߔࠆߦ⿷ࠆ㊂⊛࡮⾰⊛࠺࡯࠲߇ᷝ߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩ⺑ᓧ⊛߆ߟวℂ⊛ߥᩮ᜚ߣߔࠆߦߪ޿ߐߐ߆ᒙ޿ߣᜰ៰ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫߻ޕ‬ߒࠈ‫੹ޔ‬ᰴߩో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߩℂ↱ߪ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬᭴ㅧ⊛․⾰߆ࠄ⿠࿃ߔࠆ⑼⋡ጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩ‫ⶄޟ‬㔀ൻ‫ޠ‬9ߣ‫✚࠭࡯ࡑࠨ߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬㐳߇౏ߩ႐ߢࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩᄢ߈ߥ๟ᦼߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬೨࿁ߩᄢ᏷ߥᡷ⸓߆ࠄ 30 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߩೋ㗡ߦ޽ࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ߇ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ೚ᣂߩᤨᦼ㧔Timing㧕ߦߐߒ߆߆ߞߚߣၫⴕㇱ߇ߺߥߒߡ޿
ࠆߣߎࠈߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵑᵋᵐᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ౨᚛‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ɶ᧓‫إ‬ԓ୿ỆấẬỦɼễ੩ᚕᴾ
ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆᬌ⸛ౝኈߩ᭎ⷐࠍㅀߴߚ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬57 ߩឭ⸒㧔Recommendations㧕ࠍᏎᧃߦឝタߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᧄႎ๔ᦠߦౣឝ㧕‫ޕ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆឭ⸒ߪ‫ޔ‬1㧚Harvard College Course‫ޔ‬2㧚ᔅୃන૏ߣኾ᡹᳿ቯߩᤨᦼ‫ޔ‬
3㧚ዋੱᢙࠢ࡜ࠬߣṶ⠌‫ޔ‬4㧚࿖㓙ಽ㊁ߣ⥄ὼ⑼ቇಽ㊁‫ޔ‬5㧚ቇᐕᥲߩ⺞ᢛߣታ㛎ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޔ‬
6㧚⺰ᢥ૞ᚑ߅ࠃ߮㜞ᐲߩ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޔ‬7㧚ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯࡮ࠝࡈࠖࠬ‫ޔ‬8㧚ᣂ౉↢ኰߩᑄᱛ‫ߩޔ‬㧤ߟߩᩇߦᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ10‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ߩ▸࿐ߪ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㒢ቯߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᐢߊቇ↢↢ᵴ߿⎇ⓥᵴേߦ෸߽߱ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߭ߣ߹ߕ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᐢ▸ߥឭ⸒߇ዉ߆ࠇߚᩮ᜚ࠍߣࠄ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡ
⃻ⴕߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ໧㗴ὐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇ‫⸃ޔ‬᳿ᣇᴺࠍ⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱಽࠍ⷗ߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫⺰ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ὐ߆ࠄ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰ߩ▸࿐ߣਥⷐߥ⺰ὐࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߕ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐ߿⺖㗴ᗧ⼂ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆᨵエᕈߣ HCC ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.13-16㧕࡮ ⃻ⴕࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆㆬᛯߩ᏷߇ዋߥ޿‫ⷐߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޕ‬᳞ࠍḩߚߔࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ
ㆬᛯߒߥ߇ࠄቇ↢ߩតⓥ߿⍮⊛㑐ᔃߦᨵエᕈࠍ߽ߚߖࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬࡮ ߤߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢ߿ᣇᴺ߇ቇ↢ߚߜߩቇ⠌ߦᦨㆡߥߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬ߇ߥ޿‫ࠦޕ‬ࠕߪቇ↢ߦᄙ᭽ߥᕁ⠨ᣇᴺࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞߩ⁜޿஥㕙ࠍឭ␜ߒߚߦ
ㆊ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߚߜߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᐢߊ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ၮ␆⊛ߥ⍮⼂߳ߩࠃࠅ⛔วߐࠇߚዉ౉ࠍ᳞߼
ߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ߦࠇߘߪࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᔕ߃߈ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬- 153 -࡮ ߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ࠍస᦯ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬FAS ߪᣂߒ޿৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩਛᔃߣߒߡ
HCC ߣ⒓ߔࠆᣂߚߥࠦ࡯ࠬ⟲ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ᢥ┨ߣญ㗡ߦࠃࠆ⊒⴫ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.16-18㧕
࡮ ᓥ᧪ߩᢥ┨૞ᚑࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬Expository Writing 20‫ޠ‬㧔⸃⺑ᢥ૞ᚑ㧕ߣ޿߁ᔅୃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬Expository Writing 10‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ߁޿ߣޠ‬㒢ቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ‫ߥ⊛❱⚵ޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߩᢎຬ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ₂り⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺߦࠃࠅቇ↢ߩᢥ┨૞ᚑ⢻ജߩะ਄߇ߪ߆ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬⑼ቇߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ᒙ߆ߞߚߎߣ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐࠍ⚵❱⊛࡮೙ᐲ⊛ߦᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇ↢ߩᢥ┨૞ᚑ⢻ജࠍߐࠄߦ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪߎࠇ߹ߢญ㗡⊒⴫ߩᛛⴚ₪ᓧߦኻߔࠆ೙ᐲ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ᒙ߆ߞߚ‫ࠢ࠮ޕ‬࡚ࠪࡦ߿࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߩ⼏⺰‫ޔ‬ᱜ⺖ᄖߦ߅ߌࠆᵴേߢߩታ〣ߦㆊ߉ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩㇱಽߦᢥ┨߅ࠃ߮ญ㗡ߦࠃࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡߩᜰዉ߅
ࠃ߮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢࠍ૏⟎ߠߌ⛔วߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬Ԛ ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.18-19㧕࡮ ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆᏒ᳃ߣߒߡቇ↢ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻߩᢥ⣂ߦߘߊߒߡᄖ࿖
⺆ࠍᜰዉߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪ⚂ 60 ࡩ࿖⺆߇ᢎ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߩႎ๔ߦࠃࠇ
߫‫ߩߢࠫ࠶࡟ࠞߡߞߣߦࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩᦨ⦟ߥ߽ߩߦᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߒ‫ޔ‬තᬺ↢߆ࠄ߽ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߢ߽ߞߣᄖ࿖⺆ࠍീᒝߒߚ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ჿࠍ⡞ߊ‫⃻ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ⴕߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩቇ⠌ߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ‫ߩ⺆⸒ޔ‬ᒁ↪‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߢߩቇ⠌߿ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩḰ஻ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ේᦠࠍ⺒߻ߚ߼߿‫ޔ‬᳃ᣖ․᦭ߩᢥൻ⊛ߥㆮ↥ࠍߟߥߍࠆߚ߼‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬නߥࠆᵴ↪߿ᭉߒߺߣߒߡቇ↢ߚߜߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ⋡⊛ࠍᜬߞߡᄖ࿖⺆ࠍቇࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆊ෰ 5 ᐕ㑆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ࠦ࡯ࠬ߳ߩ⊓㍳⠪ᢙߪ 20㧑Ⴧടߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩⷙೣߦ౉ቇᤨὐߢᄖ࿖⺆ߩⷐઙࠍḩߚߒߡ޿ࠆቇ↢ߪోຬ‫ޔ‬1 ቇᦼಽߩᄖ
࿖⺆ࠦ࡯ࠬ߆‫ ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬1 ቇᦼಽߩᄖ࿖⺆ߢᢎ᝼ߐࠇࠆࠦ࡯ࠬࠍጁୃߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼
ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ጁୃᤨᦼߪ‫ޔ‬࿷ቇ 4 ᐕ㑆ߩ޿ߟߩᤨὐߢ߽⦟޿ߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ ᢙ㊂⊛ಽᨆᛛⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.19-20㧕࡮ ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߣหߓߊ‫߼ߓ߆ࠄ޽ޔ‬᳿߼ࠄࠇߚⷐઙߦߺ޽߁ߎߣࠍၮḰߣߒߚጁୃⷐઙ
߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ೋᐕᰴߩᤨὐ߆ࠄ⢻ജࠍㅴዷߐߖߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥጁୃⷐઙ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬৻⥸ᢎ⢒ⷐઙߩቯ⟵߿ HCC ߩၮḰߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ㊂⊛⢻ജߦ․೎ߩᵈᗧࠍะߌࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬Ԝ ౉㐷⑼ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.19-21㧕
࡮ ⑼ቇߩ౉㐷ࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬㊀ߥࠅว߁߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬㧟ߟߩ⇣ߥߞߚ࠲ࠗࡊߩฃ⻠↢ߦኻᔕߔࠆ‫⥸৻ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ᢎ⢒ߩⷐઙߣߒߡጁୃߔࠆቇ↢‫ޔ‬කቇㇱߩࠃ߁ߥࡊࡠࡈࠚ࠶
࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߳ߩㅴቇḰ஻ߣߒߡጁୃߔࠆቇ↢‫⑼ޔ‬ቇಽ㊁ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮਄⚖ߩቇ⠌ߩḰ஻ߩߚ߼ߦጁୃߔࠆቇ↢‫⑼ޕࠆ޽ߢޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩㅪ⛯ᕈߣ޿߁․ᕈߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆ࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩߘࠇ߹ߢߩ⚻㛎߅ࠃ߮ᢙቇ⊛ߥ⢛᥊ߦ⷗วߞߚ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢᢎ߃ࠄ

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ࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⍮⊛ೝỗߦḩߜߚᣇᴺߢ‫ⶄޔ‬ᢙߩ⑼ቇቇ໧㗔ၞ߇Ⲣวߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇߪ߹ߔ߹ߔቇ㓙⊛ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⑼ޕ‬ቇߩ౉㐷ࠦ࡯ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬HCC ߢᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㧔ൻቇߣ↢‛ቇ‫ޔ‬ᢙቇߣ‛ℂቇߥߤߩ⛔วࠦ࡯ࠬ㧕‫⛔ࠅࠃޔ‬วߐࠇߚࠦ࡯ࠬߣߥࠆߴ߈‫ޕ‬FAS 㐳ߦኻߒ‫౉ޔ‬㐷⑼ቇߩࠦ࡯ࠬࠍౣ⸳⸘ߒ‫ޔ‬Ḱ஻කቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౣᬌ⸛ࠍ⸘↹ߔࠆ⑼ቇߩᢎຬߦࠃࠆࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ⸳⟎ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ߩ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡞ࠞࠖ࠺ࡔޔߪߦࠣࡦࠠ࡯ࡢޕ‬ᢎຬ߽฽߹ࠇࠆߴ߈‫ޕ‬ԝ ㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, p.22㧕࡮ ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߇޿߆ߦᨵエᕈࠍჇߘ߁ߣ߽‫୶ޔ‬ℂ⊛⽿છࠍᜬߞߚᏒ᳃߿࡝࡯࠳
࡯ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇⺖ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⛽ࠍࠬ࡯ࠦߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᜬߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ߩࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ߇޽ࠆ‫⥸৻ޔߪࠬ࡯ࠦࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᢎ⢒ߩੱᢥ޽ࠆ޿ߪ
␠ળ⑼ቇߩጁୃⷐઙࠍḩߚߔߛࠈ߁ߒ‫ޔ‬HCC ߦ߅޿ߡㆡಾߥ㆏ᓼ⊛តⓥࠍ⋓ࠅㄟ߻ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ⑼ߦ߅ߌࠆᣇᴺ⺰ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߿୘ੱᜰዉߦ㆏ᓼ⊛តⓥࠍ❱ࠅㄟ߻ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠆߒ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡቇ໧㗔ၞࠍᮮᢿߔࠆࠃ߁ߥࡕࠫࡘ࡯࡞ࠍ⚵߻ߎߣ߽޽ࠅ߁ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ᝼ᴺ㐿⊒߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫୶߫߃ߣߚޔ‬ℂ⊛ߥࠫ࡟ࡦࡑߩಽᨆߦࠤ࡯
ࠬࡔ࠰࠶࠼߇ㆡวߔࠆ‫ޕ‬FAS 㐳ߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦ‫୶ޔ‬ℂ⊛‫ޔ‬㆏ᓼ⊛តⓥࠍ⚵ߺ౉ࠇߡ޿ߊᣇᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߒߡᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਥߥ໧㗴ὐߦߟ޿ߡ᭎ⷰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᳿ቯᤨᦼ㧔Report 2004, pp.24-26㧕
࡮ ઁߩห௥ᯏ㑐ߣᲧߴߡ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯ᳿ቯᤨᦼ߇ᣧ޿‫ޔߪߢⴕ⃻ޕ‬ೋᐕᰴߩ⚳ࠊࠅߦㆬᛯ࡮᳿ቯࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄙߊߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߿ࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ࠍ੍஻૕㛎ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯߩߚ߼ߩࠃࠅ⦟޿ᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᳿ቯᤨᦼࠍ 2 ᐕᰴߩ╙৻ቇᦼߩᧃߦ
ߕࠄߔߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩጁୃⷐઙߩ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.26-29㧕࡮ ⃻࿷ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩⷐઙߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ߨ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߩ✚ว⊛ߥ✂⟜߆‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ఝ⑲ࠦ࡯ࠬߦ߅޿ߡߪᄢቇ㒮ߢߩ⎇ⓥߩḰ஻ߦὶὐ߇޽ߡߡ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇߪቇ↢ߦߎࠇࠄߩ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥᯏળߣഥ⸒ࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄙߊߩቇ↢ߪ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦኻߒߡ㒢ቯ⊛ߥዷᦸࠍ߽ߜ‫⥝ޔ‬๧㑐ᔃߣߪ㑐ଥߩߥ޿ⶄว⊛ߥតⓥࠍᅢߺ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡㅊⓥߔࠆ⸘↹ߪᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞߩ⠌ᾫߩ޽߆ߒߣߒ
ߡߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᢥℂ⑼ቇߦ߅ߌࠆ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞ᢎ⢒ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍዷᦸߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ‫ޔ‬㕖ኾ㐷ኅߦኻߔࠆ৻⥸ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦਅߍ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩⷐઙࠍ‫ޔ‬
ᦨᄢ 12 ߣߔࠆߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ఝ⑲ࠦ࡯ࠬߣߘࠇએᄖߩ
ࠦ࡯ࠬߦಽߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚⷐઙࠍ৻ᧄൻߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߦතᬺ⺰ᢥࠍᦠߊߎߣ
ࠍᅑബߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ఝ⑲⠪㒢ቯ‫ߩޠ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪᑄᱛߒ‫ޔ‬තᬺ⺰ᢥ૞ᚑߪߔߴߡ
ߩቇ↢߆‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᔒᦸߔࠆቇ↢ߦ⺖ߔߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬තᬺ⺰ᢥߩ⚻㛎ߦ߆ࠊࠆઍᦧ᩺ߩ㐿⊒ࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 155 -࡮ ቇ↢ߣᢎຬߩ⋧੕㑐ଥࠍᒝ߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡᢎຬ߇ᜰዉߔࠆዋ
ੱᢙߩࠫࡘ࠾ࠕ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩዉ౉ࠍߪ߆ࠆ߆‫ߩߡߴߔߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍዋੱᢙൻߔ
ࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޔߦߢߔޕ‬᡽ᴦቇ⑼߅ࠃ߮ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᢥቇ߅ࠃ߮⸒⺆ቇ⑼ߢ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ห⿰ᣦߩࠫࡘ࠾ࠕ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇ዉ౉ߐࠇᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇ໧㗔ၞᮮᢿߩࠦ࡯ࠬࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪ౉㐷࡟ࡌ࡞߅ࠃ
߮਄⚖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ෺ᣇߦ߅޿ߡቇ໧㗔ၞߩὶὐߣ㗔ၞᮮᢿဳߩቇ⠌ߩน⢻ᕈߣߩࡃ࡜
ࡦࠬࠍี๧ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍ߼ߋࠆഥ⸒ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.29-31㧕࡮ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓో૕ߩᨵエᕈ߇Ⴧߔ߶ߤ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ㑐ᔃ߿࠾࡯࠭ߦวߞߚ
ᢎ⢒ߩᒻᑼߩ⥄↱ᐲ߇㜞߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ഥ⸒ߩᓎഀ߇ࠃࠅ㊀ⷐߦߥࠆ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޕ‬ᄙੱᢙߩ㓸ਛ
⺖⒟ߣ߈ࠊ߼ߡዋᢙߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߣࠍหߓᒻߢㆇ༡ߔࠆߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߡߴߔޕ‬ᢎຬ߇ 20 ฬߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟↢ߩഥ⸒ߦ⽿છࠍ⽶߁ߎߣߪ㕖วℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄⚖ᢎຬߪ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩഥ⸒૕೙ߦෳ↹ߒ⺞ᢛߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ᄙੱᢙߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩഥ⸒૕೙ߦෳ↹ߔࠆᢎຬࠍჇ߿ߔߎߣ‫ޕ‬
࡮ 2003 ᐕᐲߩ 4 ᐕ↢ኻ⽎ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬69㧑ߩ࿁╵⠪߇㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߦ౉ߞߚߣ߈ߦතᬺ⺰ᢥ߆ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ⸘↹ߒ‫ޔ‬57㧑߇⺰ᢥ૞ᚑ߆ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ㐿ᆎ‫ޔ‬48㧑߇⺰ᢥ૞ᚑߣࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍቢᚑߐߖߚߣ޿߁⚿ᨐߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ቢᚑߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ⠪ߚߜߩ 16㧑߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ਥߥℂ↱ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥഥ⸒⠪߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ᜼ߍߚ‫⺰ޕ‬ᢥ߆ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ⠪ߩ 33㧑߇‫ޔ‬ഥ⸒⠪ࠍߺߟߌࠆߎߣ߇‫ޟ‬࿎㔍‫ࠊ߈ޟߪ޿ࠆ޽ޠ‬߼ߡ࿎㔍‫ߣޠ‬࿁╵ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦ㓸ਛ⺖⒟߇‫ޔ‬තᬺ⺰ᢥ߿ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍᔒᦸߔࠆߔߴߡߩ
ቇ↢߇ഥ⸒⠪ࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩᬌ⸛ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.31-32㧕࡮ ᢎ⢒᡽╷ᆔຬળ㧔Educational Policy Committee એਅ EPC‫ޕ‬1992 ᐕᤐ‫࠭࡞࡯ࡁޔ‬(Knowles)FAS 㐳߇⸳⟎㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧚ᐢ▸ߥᢎ⢒਄ߩ㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬㧞㧚ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓએᄖߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో⥸⊛ߥᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬㧟㧚ᣂߒ޿㓸ਛ⺖⒟߿ࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓߩឭ᩺ߩᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬㧠㧚ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⾗Ḯߩ㈩ಽߦ㑐ߔࠆ FAS 㐳߳ߩഥ⸒‫ߩޔ‬ਥߚ
ࠆછോࠍ⽶߁‫ޕ‬EPC ߇ฦ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ⋡⊛߅ࠃ߮᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ൘߼
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߢߪࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩീቇ߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߳ߩ⒖ⴕᦼߦ޽ߚࠆೋᐕᰴߩ⚻㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴߽ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ೋᐕᰴࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.32-35㧕࡮ ೋᐕᰴߪቇ↢ߩ⍮⊛㑐ᔃ߿‫ޔ‬តⓥ‫ࠍ⺰⼏ޔ‬ᷓ߼ࠆዊⷙᮨߩᢎຬਥዉߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇ឭଏ
ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ᤨᦼߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔߪߢࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞⴕ⃻ޕ‬ᯏળ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡዋߥ޿‫ߔޕ‬ߴߡߩቇ↢߇⸃⺑ᢥ૞ᚑߩࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ 1 ቇᦼಽขࠄߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬35㨪40㧑ߩೋᐕᰴ↢߇ 2 ቇᦼಽߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍขߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߪ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߥ- 156 -

߇ࠄ‫ߩߘޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ㗔ၞ߆ࠄᦨ߽㆙޿ࠦࠕ࡮ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍขࠆࠃ߁ഥ⸒ᜰዉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇ߅ࠃ߮⑼ቇࠍᔒᦸߔࠆቇ↢ߪ╙৻ᱠߣߒߡḰ஻කቇᢎ⢒ߩጁୃࠍḩߚߔ‫ޕ‬5 ᦬ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟᳿ቯᤨᦼࠍ⷗ᝪ߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߪ߭ߣߟ߆ⶄᢙߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩᬌ⸛ࠍᆎ߼ࠆ‫߁ߎޕ‬ߒߚ᧦ઙ߇‫ޔ‬ᐢߊᄙ᭽ߥቇⴚ⚻㛎ߦၮߠ޿ߚ⌀ߦᖱႎࠍℂ⸃ߒߚ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ߩᗧᕁ᳿ቯߣ޿߁߽ߩࠍ㒖ኂߒ߁ࠆ‫ޕ‬ឭଏߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬ߇Ⴧടߔࠆߦߟࠇⷐ᳞߽᜛ᄢߒ‫ࠦޔ‬ࠕߩጁୃⷐઙߩ❗ᷫߪቇ↢ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ਄ߩࠁߣࠅࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚ‫࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޕ‬ࡓࠍ‫ߣߞ߽ޔ‬ᨵエᕈߩ㜞޿৻⥸ᢎ⢒ⷐઙߣ⟎߈឵߃ࠇ߫‫ߦࠄߐߪࠅߣࠁߩߎޔ‬Ⴧߔߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ೋᐕᰴ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ᜛ల߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬࡮ 㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᳿ቯᤨᦼࠍ 2 ᐕ↢ߦߕࠄߔߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢ߦࠁߣࠅࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬߆ߟ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ᄖߩቇⴚ⊛ߥኻ⹤߿⼏⺰ߥߤࠍᅑബߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫޿ߦߢߔޕ‬ߊߟ߆ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߢߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥᯏળࠍᄙߊߩೋᐕᰴ↢ߦឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⑼‛↢ޟޕ‬ቇ
50㧦ㆮવቇߣࠥࡁࡓ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ൻቇ 5㧦ൻቇߩේℂ౉㐷‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㆏ᓼ⊛ផ⺰ 22㧦ᱜ⟵‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫⑼ޟ‬ቇ B
́62㧦ੱ㑆ߩᔃ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫␠ޟ‬ળಽᨆ 10㧦⚻ᷣቇේ⺰‫⋧ߦࠇߎ߇ߤߥޠ‬ᒰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬HCC ߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔࠦ࡯ࠬߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ੐೨ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߟ޿ߡߩഥ⸒ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.35-38㧕
࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ౉ߞߚ߫߆ࠅߩೋᐕᰴ↢ߪ‫ߦࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޔ‬ടࠊࠆߚ߼ߦ
⋧ᒰߥࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬FAS ߿ࠃࠅᐢ▸࿐ߥᄢቇߣ޿߁ⶄ㔀ᕈߩ߽ߣ‫․ޔ‬೎ߩ⺖㗴‫ߪࠇߘޔ‬ᓟߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩㆬᛯߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂ౉↢ࠢ࡜ࠬߩ߶߷ 70ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⋙੐߅ࠃ߮ቇⴚ⊛ߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯߇ห৻ੱ‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠢޕ‬࡜ࠬ߳ߩ㈩ᘦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ߆ⴕ᡽ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߆ࠄᒁ߈಴ߐࠇߚ㕖Ᏹൕߩࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯ߦഀࠅ
ᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢߳ߩഥ⸒ߦขࠅ⚵߻ᢎຬߩᢙߪߎߩ೨ߩᢙᐕߦࠊߚߞߡჇ
ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ዊⷙᮨߩ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢୘‫ߚߞ޿߁ߤޔߪੱޘ‬ㆬᛯࠍⴕߥ
߁߆‫ߩߢࠬ࡯ࠦߩߤߚ߹ޔ‬ቇ⠌߇ᦨ⦟߆᳿߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢙฬߩ⇣ߥࠆⷰὐ߆ࠄਈ߃ࠄ
ࠇߚഥ⸒ࠍߘࠇߙࠇᢛℂߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޕ‬㐳ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ⠌਄ߩഥ⸒ో⥸ࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆࠝࡈࠖࠬࠍᣂ⸳ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅߆ߟ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ᯏળߩ᜛ᒛߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸅ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ࿖㓙⚻㛎ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.39-42㧕
࡮ FAS ߪ‫ߦߢߔޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟↢ߩ 10㧑⋧ᒰߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮↢ߩ 30㧑߇ᶏᄖ߆ࠄߩ⇐ቇ↢ߢභ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬FAS ߢߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬60 ࡩ࿖⺆ߩᢎ⢒ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠫ࠶࡝ࡉࡦࠤޕ‬࿖㓙⊛ߥᢎ⢒ߣℂ⸃ࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ቇ↢߇ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߥ⢻ജࠍ₪ᓧߒ‫ઁޔ‬ᢥൻߦⷫߒߺ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛Ⴚ⇇ࠍ⿧߃ߚ࠴࡯ࡓߩ৻ຬߣߒߡ௛ߊ⢻ജࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣࠍഥߌࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬࿾రࠤࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫߢߢ߈ࠆߎߣߦ㒢⇇߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕᐲ
ߩ 4 ᐕ↢ኻ⽎ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬59㧑߇ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ౏ᑼߩቇ⠌߿‫ޔࡊ࠶ࠪࡦ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ዞᬺߩߚ߼ߦᶏᄖߦᷰ⥶ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߤࠎߣ߶ޕ‬ቇ↢߇‫ޔ‬ᄐቄߦⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕ 5- 157 -

᦬ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ 2006 ᐕᐲߩೋᐕᰴ↢ኻ⽎ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬84㧑ߩቇ↢߇ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࿷ቇਛ
ߦᶏᄖߦᷰ⥶ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞ࡮࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޕ‬ቇ↢߇ోຬ‫ޔ‬࿷ቇਛߦ⾆㊀ߥ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⚻㛎ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢߇ోຬ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ 1 ߟߩ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⚻㛎ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޔߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬FAS ߇ᄐቄߩᅑቇ㊄‫ޔ‬⛎ᢱ‫ޔ‬୊⛎߅ࠃ߮ࡠ࡯ࡦࠍ฽߻⽷᡽⊛េഥߩഀࠅᒰߡࠍ᜛ᒛߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩࠝࡈࠖࠬ߿㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩഥ⸒⋧⺣ㇱ㐷ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ቇ૏߅ࠃ߮㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩන૏ขᓧߩߚ߼ߦ⊓㍳ߔࠆᶏᄖᵷ㆜ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⹺ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘߼ࠆ‫߆߅ߥޕ‬ߟ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߪߔߴߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⚻㛎ߩⷐઙࠍ⸘↹ߒ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖ⇐ቇߩ৻ቇᦼࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼
ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ㈩೉ࠍ⸘↹ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ ቇ჻⺖⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.42-43㧕࡮ ⎇ⓥᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩᜰዉߩ߽ߣߢ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬߆ࠇࠄߩቇ⠌ߩ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷐߥㇱಽߢ޽ࠆ‫⚂ޕ‬ඨᢙߩ 4 ᐕ↢߇‫ޔ‬තᬺ⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥߩ૞ᚑߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ࠆ޽ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ቇ↢ߪࠦ࡯ࠬන૏ߩขᓧߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬޽ࠆቇ↢ߪᢎຬߩ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴࡮ࠕࠪࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻ߣߒߡ⎇ⓥᵴേߦ⸅ࠇ
ࠆ‫ࠆ޽ߚ߹ޕ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇᦼਛ߿ᄐቄߩࠕ࡞ࡃࠗ࠻ߥߤߢ⎇ⓥߦ⸅ࠇࠆ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ቇ↢ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേߦኻߔࠆ⽷᡽⊛ᡰេ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ߇ߔߴߡߩቇ↢ߦ൮᜝⊛ߥᖱႎ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᢎຬߩᜰዉߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ⸘↹߅ࠃ߮⾗㊄⺞㆐ߩ࠰࡯ࠬߦߟ޿ߡߩഥ⸒ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬Ԛ ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.43-45㧕࡮ ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߩਛᔃߦ૏⟎ߠߊࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫ޔ‬FAS ߩႺ⇇ࠍ⿧߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߣࡊࡠࡈࠚ࠶࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ೑↪น⢻ߥ⾗Ḯ߿‫ޔ‬ቇⴚ⊛ߥᯏળࠍࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇ↢ߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁․㐳߇޽ࠆ‫ᦨࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᄢ㒢ᵴ↪ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎຬ߇ᚲዻએᄖߩ⚵❱ߢᢎ߃ࠆߎߣࠍ೙⚂ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ⽷᡽⊛࡮ⴕ᡽⊛ߥ㓚ოࠍ❗ዊߔࠆ᡽╷ࠍᄢቇၫⴕㇱ߇㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ԛ 1 ᦬ቇᦼߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.45-48㧕
࡮ 1 ᦬ߣ޿߁ભᥜᤨቄߦቇ↢ߦ⌀ታߩભᙑࠍਈ߃‫ޔ‬౻ᦼભᥜߩ೨ߦ⑺ቇᦼߩᦼᧃ⹜㛎ࠍ⚳߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦቇᐕᥲࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߦࠃߞߡ‫ࠍࠫ࠶࡝ࡉࡦࠤޔ‬㔌ࠇߚ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߿
ቇⴚ⺰ᢥߩߚ߼ߩ⺞ᩏ‫ߩ߳ࡊ࠶ࠪࡦ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ෳടߥߤߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬1 ᦬ቇᦼߩഃㅧ⊛ߥᵴേᤨᦼߦᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇᦭ല‫ޕ‬Ԝ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ⧓ⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.48-49㧕࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫ⴚ⧓ߥ߆⼾ޔ‬ഃㅧ߿⴫⃻ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦᕺ߹ࠇߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ߪᱜ⺖ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᄖߩᵴേߦ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ৻ㇱಽߣߒߡ‫⧓ޔ‬ⴚ⴫⃻ߩଔ୯ࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦⴚ⧓ޕ‬㑐ߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ㕟ᣂߔࠆ૛࿾߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԝ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ౏౒ᄺ઀ߦ㑐ߔࠆὐ㧔Report 2004, pp.49-51㧕
࡮ 2003 ᐕᐲߦߪ‫ޔ‬47㧑ߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇ↢߇ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߢߩᄺ઀ᵴേࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬- 158 -

౏౒ᄺ઀ߩ઀੐ߦ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧔2003 ᐕᐲߩቇ↢ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬㑐ᔃࠍᜬߟ߽
ߩߪ 2001 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ 45㧑Ⴧട‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬2003 ᐕᐲቇ↢ߩ 32㧑ߦ⋧ᒰ㧕ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄ
ߕ‫ޔ‬ᱜ⺖ߩቇ⠌ߩߥ߆ߢ౏౒ᄺ઀ߩᵴേࠍ⛔วߔࠆᯏળ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡዋߥ޿‫࠶࡝ࠖࡈޕ‬ࡊ࡮ࡉ࡞࠶ࠢࠬ࡮ࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔Phillips Brooks House Association 1904 ᐕ߆ࠄ⛯ߊࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩቇ↢߇ㆇ༡ߔࠆ␠ળᄺ઀࿅૕㧕߿ઁߩ౏౒ᄺ઀࿅૕ߣࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇ⠌ࠍ⚿߮วࠊߖ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᵴേࠍᱜ⺖ߩߥ߆ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣ߇᦭ല‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫߿ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ቇ↢↢ᵴߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄએᄖߦ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺࠍᜂᒰ
ߔࠆᢎᏧߩᢎ᝼ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆὐߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ᝼ᬺߢߩ⚻㛎ߩะ਄㧔Report 2004, pp.51-54㧕
࡮ ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩะ਄ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ዋੱᢙࠢ࡜ࠬߩჇട߿‫࡯࡝ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࠮ޔ‬࠳࡯ߦኻߔࠆᢎ᝼ᴺ⸠✵ߥߤ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ԙ ᢎ᝼ᴺᡷༀߩߚ߼ߩ⾗Ḯߩ⺞ᢛ㧔Report 2004, pp.54-56㧕
࡮ FAS ߦߪ‫࡯࠲ࡦ࠮࡮ࠢࡏ࡮ࠢ࡟࠺ޔ‬㧔the Derek Bok Center for Teaching and
Learning㧕߿ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬ᜰዉ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯
ࡊ㧔the Instructional Computing Group㧕ߥߤߩᢎ᝼ᴺߦ߆߆ࠊࠆౝㇱ⾗Ḯࠍᜬߞߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫⾗ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬Ḯߣฦቇ⑼‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ߿㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߣߩㅪ៤߇
ขࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫⹺ޔ‬⍮ᐲ߽ૐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ᦭ലᕈ߇චಽߦ⊒ើߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩ⼏⺰ߩᄖᑧߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᣂߒ
޿ࡕ࠺࡞߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢↢ᵴߩะ਄‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼ᴺߩ㐿⊒ߥߤࠍ฽߻‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᐢ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫✚ޕ‬ߓߡ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊ࡮ࠕࠦޔ‬ᑄᱛߣ HCC ߩᣂ⸳ߪ೨ឭߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫⺰ޔ‬ℂߩ⚵ߺ┙ߡ߽ߘࠇࠄߩ೨ឭࠍਅᡰ߃ߔࠆ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪุ߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᵒᵌᴾ இኳ‫إ‬ԓ୿ỉ˺঺ỆớẬẺἩἿἍἋᾉɶ᧓‫إ‬ԓ୿Ệ‫ݣ‬ẴỦӒ᪪ỉӖܾểẰỤễỦ౨᚛ᴾ ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠ߇౏⴫ߐࠇߡ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇౝߢߪหႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆឭ
⸒ߦኻߔࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᗧ⷗߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㆊ෰ 30 ᐕ㑆⛯޿ߚࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛߣ
ᣂߚߥ HCC ߩ⸳⟎ࠍ฽ࠎߛᄢដ߆ࠅߥᡷ㕟᩺ߦߪ‫ุ⾥ޔ‬ਔ⺰߇ነߖࠄࠇߚ‫ࡂޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩቇ↢߇ਛᔃߦ✬㓸࡮⊒ⴕߒߡ޿ࠆવ⛔⊛ߥᣂ⡞‫ޟ‬Harvard Crimson‫⸥ࠆ޽ߩޠ‬੐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬57 ߩឭ⸒ࠍ៤߃ߚਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠࠍ‫ޟ‬a laundry list (㐳‫ߣޠ)࠻ࠬ࡝ߚߒߣޘ‬๭߮ᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ11‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޕ‬ᐢ▸࿐ߦࠊߚࠆឭ⸒߇‫ߩઁߦߢߔޔ‬ห௥ᯏ㑐ߢታ〣ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
߇ࠄߩౣឝߢ޽ࠅ‫ߢ⊛⧎✚ޔ‬ᣂ๧ߦᰳߌࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥㄆࠄߟߥᛕ್ࠍฃߌߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬FAS ߢᄢⷙᮨߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ࠍផㅴߔࠆ
ߚ߼‫ޔ‬3 ࿁ߩోቇ⊛ߥࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ⹏⼏ળ㧔Faculty Council㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆᄙⷺ⊛ߥࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޔ‬2 ᐲߩ㐳ᤨ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆᢎຬળ⼏㧔Faculty Meetings㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ㧔the Committee on Undergraduate Education㧕‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒᡽╷ᆔຬળ㧔the- 159 -

Educational Policy Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ቇኰ㐳㧔the House Masters㧕‫ⴕࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬᡽ᆔຬળ㧔theCollege Administrative Board㧕‫ޔ‬୘ੱᜰዉ㐳߅ࠃ߮ቇ჻⺖⒟㐳㧔Head Tutors and Directorsof Undergraduate Studies㧕‫ࠕࠦޔ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ㧔the Core Standing Committee㧕‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ㧔the Standing Committee on Women㧕‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮ᄢቇ㒮ද⼏ળ㧔theUndergraduate and Graduate Councils㧕‫ޔ‬ᣂ౉↢ኰ߅ࠃ߮૑ዬߢߩ㓸ળ‫⼏ߡ޿߅ߦߤߥޔ‬⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬FAS ߪᬌ⸛⁁ᴫߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ⋙ᩏᆔຬળ㧔the Board of Overseers㧕߿ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ
ቴຬᆔຬળ㧔the College Visiting Committee㧕ߦႎ๔ߒߚ‫ ☨ోߚ߹ޕ‬15 ㇺᏒߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬
20 ฬએ਄ߩⷙᮨߩࠗࡌࡦ࠻ࠍ㐿௅ߒ‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߣ߽ߦතᬺ↢ߣ⼏⺰ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬૗⊖ㅢ߽ߩᚻ⚕߿㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞ߦࠃࠆᢎຬ߿ቇ↢‫ޔ‬තᬺ↢߆ࠄߩഥ⸒‫ޔ‬ᵈᗧ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓឭ᩺ߥߤ߇ነߖࠄࠇߚߣ޿߁12‫ޕ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ߅ࠃ߮ฦኾ㐷ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᯏળߢᓧࠄࠇߚᄙ᭽ߥᗧ⷗ࠍᢵ㈨ߒߥ߇
ࠄ‫ࠆߥࠄߐޔ‬ᬌ⸛⺖㗴ࠍቯ߼⼏⺰ࠍᷓൻߒ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ૞ᚑ߳ߣࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣߊߦ‫ޔ‬HCC ߦኻߔࠆᄙᄢߥ෻㗀ࠍᓧߚ CGE ߢߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᢎຬ߿ቇ↢߆ࠄነߖࠄࠇ
ߚᗧ⷗߿‫ޔ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߢߩ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߇෻ᤋߐࠇߚᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠ᩺ߩ̌Draft
Final Report (March 7, 2005)̍߇૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ߩߢߎߘޕ‬ਥᒛߪ‫ ߡߒ⽾৻ޔ‬HCC ߩᣂ⸳ߩᗧ⟵ߦ߅߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷐߩߘޕ‬ὐߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮‫⑼ޟ‬ቇߣᛛⴚ‫ޠ‬
㧔The Science and Technology㧕‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᢥ⧓ߩੱᢥቇ‫ޠ‬
㧔The Humanities of theArts㧕‫␠ޟޔ‬ળ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧔The Study of Society㧕ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥਃ㗔ၞ߆ࠄߩጁୃ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬࡮ 㒢ቯ⊛ߥࠦࠕߩጁୃⷐઙ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⍮⊛ะ਄ࠍᅹߍߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬࡮ ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦኻߔࠆᢎຬߩᾲᗧ߿‫ߩࠕࠦޔ‬᭴ᚑಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰ㊎‫ޔ‬ℂ⸃߇ૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬࡮ HCC ߪ‫ޔ‬ታሽ⊛ߢ⚻㛎⊛ߥតⓥࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ቇౝᄖߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪㧔ᢎຬ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢‫ޔ࡯࠲࡯࡟࠻ࠬ࠾ࡒ࠼ࠕޔ‬තᬺ↢ࠄ㧕߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗ߩ㓸⚂߅ࠃ߮ኻᔕߣ޽ࠊߖߡ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ㑆ߩᗧ⷗⺞ᢛ߽♖ജ⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᄢߩᯏળߪ‫࡯ࡘࡆ࡟࡮ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆฦᆔຬળߩ㐳ࠄߦࠃࠆᗧ⷗ߩ⺞ᢛߣวᗧᒻᚑߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳ࠍઍ⴫⠪ߣߒߚᆔຬળ㑆ߩᗧ⷗⺞ᢛߪ‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળળ⼏ߩ႐ߩઁߦ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪᢥᦠߦࠃࠆࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߩឭ಴ߣ޿ߞߚᣇᴺߢ߽ߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩႎ๔ᦠ᩺ߦኻߔࠆᗧ⷗ࠍ⴫᣿ߔࠆᣇᴺ߇⏕଻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥ଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠇ߫‫ޔ‬CIP ᆔຬ㐳߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗⴫᣿ߩⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬CGE ߩᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠ᩺ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ࠍ CIP ߩቇ↢ઍ⴫ᆔຬ߇㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞ߢ CIP ߩᆔຬ㐳ߦㅍାߒߡ޿ࠆ13‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ໧㗴߇ᢎ᝼ᴺߩᡷༀߣᷓߊ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬CGE߇ឭ᩺ߔࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩౣ᭴▽߇᣿⏕ߥᜰዉේℂࠍᰳ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫⥸৻ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⋡⊛߇⣀ᒙߢਇ᣿⍎ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᄬᦸߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇₸⋥ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᆔຬ㐳ߪ‫ޔ‬- 160 -

ߎࠇࠄࡔࡦࡃ࡯߆ࠄߩᔊᙈߩߥ޿ᗧ⷗ࠍ㓸⚂ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥᦠߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ㑐ଥᆔຬળߩ㐳ߦឭ಴ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ߅ࠃ߮ฦᆔຬળ߇⼏⺰ࠍ㊀ߨ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ㑆ߩ⺞ᢛࠍ⚻ࠆߏߣߦ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰⺞ᢛߩᣇᴺ߇ᵞ✵ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁೽ᰴ⊛ലᨐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬Committee to Review the Teaching of Writing and Speaking to Harvard College ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻㧔May 17, 2005㧕߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ಽᨆⷞⷺ߅ࠃ߮໧㗴ᗧ⼂߇᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫࡜ࠣࡠࡊⴕ⃻ޔ‬ࡓߩ໧㗴ὐࠍታ㓙ߩᢎ᧚߿ࠦ࡯ࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸽㧔ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ‫⎇ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࡈࠕޔ‬ⓥ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻੱ㘃ቇ‫↢ޔ‬ൻቇ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ߮ࠃ߅ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬ᢥቇߣ⸒⺆‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦቇ‫ޔ‬ᱧผቇ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ߅ࠃ߮ᢥቇ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇผ‫ືޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫߮ࠃ߅⺆ࠬࡦࡑࡠޔ‬ᢥቇ㧕ࠍ߰߹߃ߡ᛽಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ห௥ᯏ㑐㧔ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬Bowdoin College, Cornell University, Duke University,
Princeton University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of South
Dakota, Yale University㧕 ߦ߅ߌࠆ㘃ૃࠦ࡯ࠬߩ੐଀ᬌ⸛ࠍ߰߹߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰૕೙ߣࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇วℂ⊛ߦ⚵߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળએᄖߩ⠪ߦ߽ࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ႎ๔߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Committee on Advising and Counseling ߇૞ᚑߒߚ

Report of the Committee on Advising and Counseling(May 2005)ߩ⨲Ⓜ߇޽ࠆ‫ࡈ࡜࠼ᧄޕ‬࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ઃ㍳⾗ᢱߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Harvard College Four-Year Academic Advising Calendar(Adviser
Version ߅ࠃ߮ Advisee Version ࠍ฽߻)‫ޔ‬Harvard Advising Page(Academic Advising At
Harvard College: Who, What, Where and When)ߣ޿߁߈ࠊ߼ߡ⹦⚦ߢታⴕน⢻ᕈߩ㜞޿ࡊ࡜ࡦࠍឭ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⨲ޕ‬Ⓜߩ೨ᢥߦ߅޿ߡ CAC ߪ‫ޔ‬ഥ⸒૕೙ࠍᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ߇ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯
࠼࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇⴚ⊛ߥ૶๮ߦኻߔࠆഥ⸒ߩਛᔃ⊛૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆߔߴߡߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪㑆ߩᷓ޿ᗧ⼂ࠍ๭߮ⷡ߹ߔߎߣߦ᜚ߞߡ┙ߟߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߣቇ↢߇ഥ⸒ߩឭଏ߿ฃኈߦ߅
޿ߡᵴ⊒ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ഥ⸒೙ᐲߩᡷༀߩఝవ㗅૏ࠍ㜞߼ࠆࠃ߁ᢎຬ
ߦ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ(draft,p.2)‫ޕ‬ᵓᵌᴾ ỽἼỿἷἻἲ᧏ႆỆớẬẺᜭᛯỉข҄ỉ૾ඥᴾᴾ
ᵓᵋᵏᵌᴾ ૙ՃỉỽἼỿἷἻἲોᚖỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦˊᘙႎᙸᚐỉᨼኖểπ᧏ᴾ
 FAS ߦ߅޿ߡㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩో㕙⊛ᡷ⸓ߪ‫⺰⼏ߚ߃⿥ࠍ❱⚵ޔ‬ߩᷓൻࠍߪ߆ࠆߚ߼ߦߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᎿᄦ߇ಝࠄߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߇ߟߣ߭ߩߘޕ‬‫⥸৻ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆዊ⺰‫ޢ‬
㧔Essays on General Education in Harvard College㧕ߩೀⴕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬หౠሶߪ‫ޔ‬
2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߩਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩ౏⴫ᓟ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߢߔߋࠇߚᬺ❣ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ 18ฬߩᢎຬ߅ࠃ߮ฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ࠄ߇৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ⥄ߩ⷗⸃ࠍၫ╩ߒ‫ ߦࠇߘޔ‬FAS 㐳ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯ߩᐨᢥࠍߟߌߡ✬㓸ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౝኈߪ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߢ߽౏㐿ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇౝᄖߩ⺕ߢ߽߇㑛⺒ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ౠሶߩ✬㓸ߣ⊒ⴕ࡮▤ℂߪ‫✚ޔ‬㐳ㇱዪߦ૏⟎ߒ‫ో࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ▤᝿ߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ቶ㧔The Office of- 161 -

Curricular Review㧕߇ᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ✚ߓߡౠሶߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߚ⺰⠨ߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅޿ߡឭ⿠ߐࠇߚ HCC ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⺰⺞ߩዊ⺰߇⋡┙ߜ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᣂߒ޿ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᮨ⚝ߔࠆ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄢ൓ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ౠሶߪ‫߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ࠍᵴᕈൻߒ‫ޔ‬໧㗴߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴ᗧ⼂ߩ౒᦭ൻࠍ࿑
ࠆߚ߼ߩ⚛᧚ߣߒߡነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵓὼᵐώМܹ᧙̞ᎍểỉᛦૢᴾ ߥ߅߆ߟ‫ޔ‬FAS ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩ౏⴫ᓟ‫ ⚂ޔ‬8 ࡩ᦬ߩᦼ㑆ࠍߪߐߺ‫ޔ‬ᢙᰴߦࠊߚࠆ‫ࡂޟ‬࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔Conversations with Faculty
Harvard College Curricular Review Forums㧕ࠍ㐿௅ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ኻ⹤㓸ળߪ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⼏⺰ౝኈߩ๟⍮ߣ‫ޔ‬ቇౝ⼏⺰ߩᵴᕈൻ߅ࠃ߮ว
ᗧᒻᚑࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩ࠻ࠗࠨࡉࠚ࠙ޕ‬ᖱႎࠍၮߦ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥኻ⹤㓸ળߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔2004 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 10 ᣣ㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળߪ‫࡞࠺ࡦࠨ࡮࡞ࠤࠗࡑޔ‬ᢎ᝼㧔Bass Professor of Government㧕߇มળࠍോ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬หᢎ᝼ߪ‫ޔ‬CGE ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ߩ⨲᩺૞ᚑߦነਈߒߚᢎຬߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ᝼ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߦߟ޿ߡߩᆔຬળߩឭ᩺ࠍⷐ⚂ߒ⼏⺰ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎ᝼ߪ‫ޔ‬HCC ߦߺ޽߁ࠃ߁ߥᄙ᭽ߥࠦ࡯ࠬ᩺߿‫ޔ‬ᐢ▸ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄ↢ᚑߐࠇࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߩᗧ๧߿ଔ୯ࠍឭ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߩᄙߊߪ‫ޔ‬HCC ߇ឭ⿠ߔࠆቇ㓙⊛㗔ၞߩଔ୯ߦߟ޿ߡࠦࡔࡦ
࠻ࠍነߖߚ‫ޕ‬หኻ⹤㓸ળߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᐲᦨೋߩߔߴߡߩᢎຬኻ⽎ߩ㓸ળߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⊛߆ߟᓸᅱߥᗧ⷗ߩ⋧㆑ࠍᒁ߈಴ߔᯏળࠍᢎຬߦឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߩኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔2005 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 13 ᣣ㧕ቇ↢⹏⼏ળߩળ㐳ࡑࠪࡘ࡯࡮ࡑࡂࡦߦࠃߞߡ⼏⺰߇࡝࡯࠼ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߚߜߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ᾫ⠨ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ޿ߊߟ߆ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓឭ᩺ߩᄙ᭽ߥⷞὐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩࠄࠇ߆ޔ‬ᗧ⷗߿⇼໧ࠍ౒᦭ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢ઍ⴫ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⷐ⚂ߒ‫ޔ‬ኻ⹤㓸ળ߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⢐ቯ⊛ᗧ⷗߅ࠃุ߮ቯ⊛ᗧ⷗ߩ෺ᣇߦࠊߚߞߡ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒߅ࠃ߮⃻࿷ߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆഥ⸒૕೙ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߇⼏⺰ߩਛᔃߣߥߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ઁߩቇ↢ߪ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ቇ⠌‫ޔ‬㧝᦬ቇᦼߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇࠆᯏળ‫߅ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ߌࠆᢥൻ⊛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ኰ೙ᐲߩ೚ᣂߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ㐳ᚲ࡮⍴ᚲߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛ‫ޟ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟߅ࠃ߮ഥ⸒ߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔2005 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 18 ᣣ㧕ᱧผቇᢎ᝼ߩࠫࠚ࡯ࡓࠬ࡮ࠢࡠ࠶ࡍࡦࡃ࡯ࠣߩมળߦࠃࠅ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ߪࠇ߆ޕ‬ᢎ⢒᡽╷ᆔຬળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ੱޔߚ߹ޕ‬㘃ቇᢎ᝼ߩ࠺ࡆ࠶࠼࡮ࡇ࡞ࡆ࡯ࡓ‫ޔ‬ഥ⸒߅ࠃ߮⋧⺣ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳߇‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟߿ഥ⸒೙ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎຬߩ⠨߃ࠍขࠅ߹ߣ߼

- 162 -

ߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩឭ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡߩᐢ▸ߥᗧ⷗߇⚫੺ߐࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ߦ⊛⥸ోޔ‬ᡷ㕟߳ߩᡰេ߇⴫᣿
ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ഥ⸒ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩᢎ᝼߇ೋᐕᰴ↢ߦኻߔࠆኾ㐷ᜰዉຬࠍណ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᡰ
ᜬߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬⠪ߪቇ↢ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟Ꮧᦸ߇಴ߐࠇߚᓟߩഥ⸒ߩ⽿છࠍᢎຬߦ⺖ߒߡ߅ߊߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫߇⼏⺰ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩጁୃⷐઙߩ೙㒢ߦኻߔࠆ⾥ุਔ⺰ߦ෸ࠎߛߣ߈‫ߪ⊛ߩ⺰⼏ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᭴ᚑ߅ࠃ߮ᨒ⚵ߺߦ⒖ⴕߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ߩ᳿ቯᤨ
ᦼࠍ㧔⃻ⴕߩೋᐕᰴᧃ߆ࠄ㧕2 ᐕᰴߩߥ߆߫ߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣߩน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᵴ⊒ߦ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ԛ‫⑼ޟ‬ቇᛛⴚᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬࿖㓙૕㛎߅ࠃ߮ 1 ᦬ቇᦼߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 2 ᣣ㧕࡜࠹ࡦ࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⎇ⓥߩᢎ᝼ߢ޽ࠆ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࠦ࠷ࡢ࡯ࠬ㧔Gutman Professor of Latin
American Affairs㧕ߪ㧔ᶏᄖ⇐ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳㧕‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࿷ቇᦼ㑆ਛߦ߅ߌࠆᗧ⟵޽ࠆ࿖㓙⚻㛎ࠍᅑബߔࠆឭ᩺ߦὶὐࠍ⛉ࠅ⼏⺰ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫߮ࠃ߅⑺ޕ‬ᤐቇᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ⇐ቇᯏળߩ᜛ᄢߦട߃ߡ‫⋡ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧝᦬ቇᦼࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⹦⚦ߦ߅ࠃࠎߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬૗ੱ߆ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯߆ࠄ಴ߐࠇߚ ᩺੐㗄ߪ‫⇐ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ቇᯏળ߇‫☨ޔ‬࿖ോ⋭ߦࠃߞߡෂ㒾࿾ၞߦᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆീቇࠍቇ↢ߦ⑌ᱛߒߡ޿ࠆࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩᣇ㊎ߩ⚿ᨐߣ߈ࠊ߼ߡਵ㔌ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄙߊߩᢎ᝼
ߚߜ߇ቇᐕᥲߩᄌᦝߦ㑐ߒߡ ᔨࠍ⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ಽሶ⚦⢩↢‛ቇߩ਄⚖⻠Ꮷߢ޽ࠆࡠࡃ࡯࠻࡮࡞࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍᵴᕈൻߒ‫⑼ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ቇߩ㓸ਛ⺖⒟ࠍขࠄߥ޿ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ߽ೝỗߦḩߜߚ↢๮߅ࠃ߮‛ℂ⑼ቇߩਔᣇߦࠊߚࠆ
ᣂߒ޿ࠦ࡯ࠬࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⑼ቇᛛⴚᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢎຬࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ߎ߁ߒߚᡷ㕟ߩታ⃻น⢻ᕈ߿વ⛔⊛ߥቇ໧㗔ၞࠍᮮᢿߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩ᜸ᚢߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ⚦ㇱߦ෸ࠎߢ⼏⺰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ԝ‫ޟ‬ᢥ┨૞ᚑ‫ޔ‬ญ㗡⊒⴫߅ࠃ߮᦭ലߥᢎ᝼ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޠ‬
㧔2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 17 ᣣ㧕ᢎ᝼ᴺᡷༀᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳‫ޔ‬ೋᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞผቇߩࡠ࡯࡟࡞࡮࠙࡯࡝࠶ࡅᢎ᝼㧔Phillips
Professor of Early American History㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩᢎᏧ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ⃻࿷ߩ࿎㔍ߩ⸃᳿ߦ⚿߮ߟߊࠃ߁ߥឭ᩺ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ఝࠇߚ࠹ࠖ࡯࠴ࡦࠣࠍᅑബߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࡉ‫ޔ‬㕟ᣂ⊛ߥᛛⴚ߿ᢎ᝼ᴺࠍ↪޿ߚᢎຬ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣ‫⫾ߦ࡯࠲ࡦ࠮࡮ࠢࡏ࡮ࠢ࡟࠺ޔ‬Ⓧߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ⾗Ḯߦኻߔࠆ⹺⍮ᐲߩะ਄‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩή᳇ജࠍస᦯ߔࠆᣇᴺߩഃ಴ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡឭ
᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⧷ᢥቇߩࠫࠚ࡯ࡓࠬ࡮ࠕࡦࠟࠗ࡞ᢎ᝼‫⺑⸃ޔ‬ᢥ૞ᚑࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ┨߅ࠃ߮ญ㗡⴫⃻ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼏⺰ࠍਥዉߒߚ‫౒౏ޕ‬Ṷ⺑ߩࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ዋ‫ࠇࠄߓ⺰ޘ‬ߚ‫⺑⸃ޕ‬ᢥ૞ᚑࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᢙฬߩᢎຬߪ‫⃻ߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬࿷ߩ૞ᢥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦኻߔࠆ
␜ໂࠍㅀߴ‫ޔ‬หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍฃ⻠ߒߚቇ↢ᢙฬ߇ߺߕ߆ࠄߩ⚻㛎߿หࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ㐳ᚲ࡮⍴ᚲࠍ⺆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 163 -

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ฦᆔຬળߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ⼏⺰ߩ⚻✲߿ឭ᩺ࠍ៤߃‫ޔ‬ኻ⹤㓸ળߩ႐ߢ౏⴫ߔ
ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ᭴ᚑຬߩᄙ᭽ߥᗧ⷗ߩ㓸⚂ߦോ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬ᆔຬળ߆ࠄឭ಴ߐࠇߚឭ᩺ࠍၮߦ‫ޔ‬ឭ᩺ߩታⴕน⢻ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᵷ↢ߒᓧࠆ໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇ࠞࡃ࡯ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚᣂߚߥ⺰ὐߩឭ⿠ߥߤ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬᭎ߨ‫ޔ‬᛽⽎⊛ߥℂᔨ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩߎߣ߇ࠄࠃࠅ߽‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛߆ߟታ〣⊛ߥߎߣ߇ࠄߦὶὐ߇⛉ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦᆔຬળߢߪ‫⚳ᦨޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ૞ᚑ૞ᬺ߳ߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢࠍᗧ࿑ߒ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥᗧ⷗ߩ㓸⚂
ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬ᾅώộểỜỆẦảềḗἡὊἢὊἛỆấẬỦỽἼỿἷἻἲ᧏ႆ৖ඥỉཎឋḗᴾ
2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬߆ࠄᧄᩰ⊛ߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇ‫ ⚂ޔ‬2 ᐕ 8 ࡩ᦬ࠍ⚻ㆊߒߚ FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ⸓ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߪ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜၫ╩ᤨὐ㧔2005 ᐕ 7 ᦬㧕ߩ⃻࿷‫ߦ⺰⚿⚳ᦨߛ߹ޔ‬ߪ೔㆐ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ FAS 㐳߆ࠄᢎຬߦተߡߡ౏㐿ߐࠇߚᚻ⚕ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᬌ⸛ߣ೚ᣂ߇ᦨఝవ੐㗄ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕߩᤐቇᦼᧃ߹ߢߦߪ಴ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ߞߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠߩขࠅ߹ߣ
߼ߦㆃࠇ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ‫ޔ‬FAS 㐳߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ㐳‫ࠄ࡯࠲࡯࡟࠻ࠬ࠾ࡒ࠼ࠕߟ߆ޔ‬߇ਛᔃߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦឭ⸒ࠍታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߩ⾌↪߇⹜▚ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ఝవ㗅૏ࠍߟߌࠆ૞ᬺ߇ߥߐࠇࠆ
ߣ޿߁14‫⁁ߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᴫߢߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ
․ᓽࠍ߰߹߃‫ޔ‬FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ․⾰ࠍ✚᜝ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬એਅߩߎߣ߇ࠄࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫․ޔߕ߹ߣ߭ޕ‬㐳߆ࠄ᜼ߍߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ╙৻ߦ‫ޔ‬FAS 㐳ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠴ࡉߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߩ⼏⺰ߩㅴⴕ߿ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ߿ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᣂ⸳ࠍᨵエߦⴕߞߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᰴߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߩ
⛔₸⠪ߢ޽ࠆ FAS 㐳ߩᮭ㒢߇‫ੱޔ‬੐㕙ߢ߽⽷᡽㕙ߢ߽৻ቯߩ⁛┙ᕈߣᒝߐࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߎ
ߣߦ࿃ࠆߣߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙ੑߦ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑຬߦቇ↢ઍ⴫ᆔຬࠍ⚵ߺ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ઍ⴫ᆔຬߪઁ
ߩᆔຬߣኻ╬ߩ૏⟎ઃߌߦ޽ࠅ‫ోࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬૕ߩቇ⠌౒ห૕ߩᒻᚑߦነਈߒߡ޿ࠆߣߣࠄ
߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ਃߦ‫ޔ‬ቇౝᄖߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߣߩኻ⹤ࠍᒝߊᗧ⼂ߒߚ⼏⺰ߩዷ㐿ᣇᴺ߇ណࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆὐ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ⾰⊛ߥᄢቇ᭴ᚑຬߢ޽ࠆᢎຬ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢‫ޔ‬⡯ຬߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ౝߩઍ⴫⊛ߥㇺᏒߦ߅޿ߡතᬺ↢߆ࠄߩᗧ⷗㓸⚂ࠍⴕ߁ߥߤ‫ࠍࠖ࠹࠾ࡘࡒࠦߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬Ꮞ߈ㄟߺߥ߇ࠄ
⼏⺰߇ផㅴߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ᢙᰴߦࠊߚࠆኻ⹤㓸ળߩ㐿௅ߪ‫ޔ‬ฦᆔຬળߢᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿
ࠆ⺰ὐࠍ޽߃ߡ౏㐿ߒ‫ޔߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇✵ࠅ਄ߍߚឭ᩺ߩታⴕน⢻ᕈࠍ⏕߆߼ࠆ႐ߣ
ߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ߚߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬╙྾ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇౝߩኻ┙ߔࠆᗧ⷗߿⷗⸃߽ዅ㊀ߒ‫ߡ߃޽ޔ‬෺ᣇࠍ౏㐿ߔࠆᚻᴺࠍណߞߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᰴߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓߇ㆊ෰ 30 ᐕ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆᄢ߈ߥࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆
ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆ⷗⸃߿⍮⷗ࠍᐢߊ౒᦭ߔࠆߎߣߦਥ⌒ࠍ߅޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⋴- 164 -

ขߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౕ૕ൻߣታⴕᲑ㓏ߣ޿߁ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߩ╙ੑࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ߳ߩࠬࡓ
࡯ࠬߥ⒖ⴕࠍⷞ㊁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩታᣉߩၮ⋚ߣߥࠆวᗧᒻᚑ߇ᘕ㊀ߦߪ߆ࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆߎߣ߇ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߆ࠄ⺒ߺขࠇߚ15‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ਥߥ໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᜰ៰ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫߽ᦨޕ‬㗼⪺ߥὐߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળ㑆ߩታ⾰⊛ߥ⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߔ⚵❱㧔ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧕߇ਇ࿷ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޕ‬૕೙ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳߇ߘߩᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳ߦ߆߆ࠆ⽶ᜂߪᄙᄢߥ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩේ࿃ߩ৻ߟߪ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળ߿ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ᨵエߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬Ⴧᱺߦߣ߽ߥ߁⺞ᢛ૞ᬺߩ❥ᔔൻ߇ㆱߌࠄࠇߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ࠬ࡯ࠦޕ‬߿ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㐿⊒ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߢᐢ▸ߥ࠺ࠖࠪࡊ࡝ࡦࠍ⢛᥊ߦᜬߟᢎຬࠍ᧤
ߨ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓឭ᩺ࠍߪ߆ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⺞ߦߊߣޔ‬ᢛ૞ᬺߩ㔍ߒߐ߇㓙┙ߟߣߺࠄࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ୘ੱߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠹ࠖ
ࠕ♖␹ߦၮߠߊദജߦଐሽߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫⺞ߦ߆޿ޔ‬ᢛ૞ᬺࠍ౞Ṗߦⴕ߁૕೙ࠍ⚵߻߆߇⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߒߡ߈ߚࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩ FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩ․⾰ࠍᢝⴖߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߩℂ⺰⎇ⓥߣታ〣ߣߩ㑐ଥߦኻߔࠆᧄ⾰⊛ߥ⺰ὐ߇ᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡߊࠆ‫ࠊߥߔޕ‬ߜ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩਥ૕ߪ޿ߞߚ޿⺕ߥߩ߆‫߁޿ߣޔ‬໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡂޕ‬࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ߩ FAS ߦ߅޿ߡߪᄙ᭽ߥ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ࠍᏎ߈ㄟߺߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷ኅਇ࿷‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ߇⺰⼏ߩޠ‬㐿⊒ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔࠈߎߣߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߦߊߣޕ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠍቇ໧⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߔࠆኾ㐷ኅߪᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߦ߶ߣࠎߤෳਈߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠢࡏ࡮ࠢ࡟࠺ޕ‬ᢎ᝼ቇ⠌࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ᝼
ᴺ㐿⊒ߩኾ㐷ኅߣߒߡ৻ฬ߇ෳ↹ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Graduate School of Education ߆ࠄߩෳ↹߽৻ฬߦㆊ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⊛⍮⷗ߣߘߩ⃻႐߳ߩㆡ↪ࠍ޿߆ߦ߅ߎߥ߁߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߪ‫߇⺕ޔ‬㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ޿߆ߥࠆ⚵❱߇㧕࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ
࠶ࡊࠍ⊒ើߔࠆߴ߈߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦ⚿߮ߟߎ߁‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫☨ޔ‬࿖㜞╬ᢎ⢒⇇ߩᧂቢߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ৻⽾ᕈ㧔coherence㧕ߩഃ಴16ߪ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤߪߢ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬ᗧ⼂ൻߐࠇㅊⓥߐࠇࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߪ‫࡟ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ࡆࡘ࡯ߩ⼏⺰ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡᔅߕߒ߽ਥⷐߥ⺰ὐߦߪߥߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩ࡟ࡆࡘ
࡯ߩዷ㐿߇ᄢ޿ߦᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ17‫ޕ‬㧔2005 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 8 ᣣᚑⓂ㧕ਥⷐෳ⠨ᢥ₂߅ࠃ߮ࠨࠗ࠻
Interim Report on the Progress of the Curricular Review, December 2003.
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/12.2003rpt.pdf
A Report on the Harvard College Curricular Review. SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL

RECOMMENDATIONS, April 24, 2004.
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/Summary_of_Recs.pdf
Letter to Community from Dean Kirby, April 26, 2004

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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/essays_pdf/Deans_Cover_Letter.pdf
Letter to Community from Dean Kirby, September 20, 2004
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/September_20_Letter.pdf
Conversations with Faculty Harvard College Curricular Review Forums
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/forums.htm
Commencement Address 2005 (President Summers)
http://www.president.harvard.edu/speeches/2005/0609_commencement.html
Essays on General Education in Harvard College
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/curriculum-review/gened_essays.html
Johnson, D. Kent and Ratcliff, James L.(2004). “Creating Coherence: The Unfinished
Agenda”, New Directions for Higher Education, No. 125.
Keller, Phyllis(1982).Getting at the Core: Curricular Reform at Harvard, Harvard
University Press.
Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences(2004). A Report on the Harvard

College Curricular Review April 2004.
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Education in Harvard College.
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2004-2005.
ࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡠ࠰ࡈࠠ࡯⪺‫ޔ‬૒⮮㓉ਃ⸶(1992)‫࡯ࠠࡈ࠰ࡠޡ‬ᢎ᝼ߩᄢቇߩᧂ᧪߳‫ޢ‬TBS ࡉ࡝࠲࠾ࠞ‫ޕ‬
੹੗㊀ቁ(2003)‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇ‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޠ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫ޢ‬III ㇱ 3 ┨‫₹ޔ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕ‫ޔ‬251㧙263 㗁‫ޕ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔2006㧕‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒㧙㧔1㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴
ㅧ⊛․⾰㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᲧセ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ
࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬135-146 㗁‫ޕ‬
ᷓ㊁᡽ਯ㧔2005, 3㧕‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᡷ㕟㧙ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬IDE⃻ઍߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬No㧚468‫ޔ‬74㧙80 㗁‫ޕ‬
ද12ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩਛᔃ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߒߚࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࠞ࡟
࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆ⃻ⴕߩࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ߥ․⾰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩ⺰ᧄޔ‬ᆌᆂ✬ߦ޽
ߚࠆ᜕Ⓜ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧙㧔㧝㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ
࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ․⾰㧙‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬
Shoichet, Catherine E.,“Summers Installed as President: Thousands gather inTercentenary Theatre for colorful ceremony”, The Harvard Crimson Online (October- 166 -

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15, 2001) http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=121669
FAS 㐳ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯߆ࠄᢎຬߦలߡߚᚻ⚕‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 3 ᣣ‫ޕ‬
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/home/administration/kirby/wck_ltr_2005.pdf
CPI ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ James Wilkinson ᳁㧔࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳㧕߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝
ࡦࠣ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 27 ᣣ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ⺞ᩏ⹏ଔቶ㧔OIRE㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ߅ߌࠆ Institutional Research(IR)ㇱ㐷ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ‫ޔߦ⥸৻ޕ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⸘↹┙᩺߿ᗧᕁ᳿ቯߦ᦭ലߥ࠺࡯࠲ߩಽᨆ෸
߮ឭଏࠍⴕ߁⚵❱⊛ᵴേߣߒߡ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ 1950 ᐕઍߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇ⻉࿖ߦ᥉෸ߒߡ߈ߚ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩၮᧄㇱ㐷ߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔2005㧕‫ޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦࠬ࠹ࠖ࠴ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪ࠽࡞࡮࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ߩታലᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤ㧙☨࿖෸߮⽕Ꮊߩ੐଀ࠍᚻ߇߆ࠅߦ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬5 ภ‫ޔ‬185㧙204 㗁ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ
޿‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߢߪ‫ ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬IR ㇱ㐷ߣㇱዪߣߩㅪ៤ߦࠃߞߡ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓ㧔College-wide, Program, Course㧕ߩ⾰⊛ᡷༀࠍߪ߆ࠆขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ‫ޔ‬academic
program review ߩ৻Ⅳߦ૏⟎ߠߌᵴേߦዷ㐿ߐߖࠆേะ߇⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬IR ߩኾ㐷ቇળߢ޽ࠆ AIR㧔Association for Institutional Research㧕ߩ╙ 45 ࿁ᐕᰴᄢળ㧔2005 ᐕ
5 ᦬ 29 ᣣ㧙6 ᦬㧝ᣣ‫ޔ‬San Diego㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬IR ߇ᯏ㑐ߩ academic program review
ߦߤ߁⽸₂ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߦၮߠߊታ〣ႎ๔߿⎇ⓥ⊒⴫߇৻ቯᢙ޽ߞߚ‫ߒ߁ߎޕ‬ߚ⁁ᴫࠍ⢛᥊ߦ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ IR ߩᣇะᕈߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔ‬࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ ERG ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߊߩ߆߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢ޿߁ฬ⹷⒓ภߣߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥᢎ⢒⾗㊄ߩࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ୘ੱ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿅૕ߩฬ೨ࠍ
ᢎ᝼ߩ⢋ᦠ߈ߩ೨ߦ౰ߒߚ․೎ߩ⒓ภߩߎߣࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬
Polsky, Sara E., Harvard̉s Long Shadow, The Harvard Crimson Online, April 16,
2004 http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=358837
ጁୃࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩⶄ㔀ൻߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㧙㧔1㧕ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ⊛․⾰㧙‫ࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬
ᷓ㊁᡽ਯ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩ࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᡷ㕟㧙ࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩᑄᱛ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬IDE ⃻ઍߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬2005 ᐕ 3 ᦬ภ‫ޔ‬76㧙78 ࡍ࡯ࠫ‫ޕ‬
Published on Thursday, ̌Progress on the Curriculum: The Harvard College
Curricular Review has been uninspiring so far, but still worthwhile̍, June 10, 2004
http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=502820
Dean William C. Kirby's Annual Letter to the Faculty, February 3, 2005
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/home/administration/kirby/wck_ltr_2005.pdf
ౝㇱ⾗ᢱ‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 13 ᣣઃߩ CPI ᆔຬ㐳ተߡߩ‫ޟ‬Re: General Education Committee
Draft Report‫ߩޠ‬㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞‫ޕ‬
CPI ߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳ߩ James Wilkinson ᳁߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆ
ࡘ࡯‫ޕ‬2005 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 27 ᣣ‫ޕ‬೨࿁ߩᄢⷙᮨߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߢ޽ߞߚࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩዉ౉ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬1974
ᐕ߆ࠄ 1978 ᐕߩ 4 ᐕ㑆ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ߩᦼ㑆߇ᜬߚࠇߚ‫ޕ‬Johnson and Ratcliff(2004)ߪ‫⽾৻ޔ‬ᕈߩ޽ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ⺕ߒ߽ᦸ߻ߎߣߢ޽ࠅߥ
߇ࠄ‫ߛ߹޿ޔ‬ᚑഞ଀ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥߊ‫ᧂޔ‬ቢߩ⺖㗴ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Johnson, Kent and Ratcliff, James."Creating Coherence: The Unfinished Agenda",
Changing General Education Curriculum (New Directions for Higher Education,
no.125, Spring 2004), Jossey-Bass., pp.85-95.
ᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ✬㓸Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠆ 2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ᤨὐ‫ޔ‬FAS ߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߪ
޿߹ߛ᳿⌕߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬หᐕ 6 ᦬ߦࠨࡑ࡯࠭✚㐳߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡯ࡆ࡯FAS 㐳߇ㄉછߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇౏⴫ߐࠇ‫߽ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩ࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ‬ᣂߚߥዪ㕙ࠍㄫ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫✚࠭࡯ࡑࠨޔ߅ߥޕ‬㐳ㄉછᓟߩᥳቯ✚㐳ߦߪ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢᢎ᝼߇ዞછߔࠆߎߣ߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 167 -

 ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ㑐ଥ⾗ᢱࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ᆔຬળਛ㑆ႎ๔ᦠߩឭ⸒࡝ࠬ࠻(A Report on the Harvard College Curricular Review, 2004, April, pp.63㧙67 ߩ
Appendix 4 LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ࠍౣឝ)General Education
㧝㧚We recommend that the Core Program be succeeded by a general education
requirement that will enhance curricular choice, educate students in a set ofareas that are defined broadly, include a wide range of courses, and provide
for the development of a new set of integrative, foundational courses.
㧞㧚We recommend that the FAS develop a new set of courses to be known as“Harvard College Courses,” that will serve as a central component of a newgeneral education requirement.
㧟㧚We recommend that Harvard College Courses provide one means to fulfill ageneral education requirement. Students should also have the opportunity
to meet the requirement by selecting courses drawn from departmental andother offerings and representing work across broad areas of knowledge.
㧠㧚We recommend that the Dean, in construction with the Faculty, set out the
specific criteria for Harvard College Courses, and define the structure of
requirements for general education.
㧡㧚We recommend that the international and science components of the general
education requirement be significantly strengthened.
㧢㧚We recommend that there be a review of the Expository Writing Program.
㧣㧚We recommend that concentrations make instruction and feedback on
written and oral communication an integral part of the concentration
program.
㧤㧚We recommend that the language requirement be enhanced as follows: all
students who meet the language requirement at matriculation underpresent rules will be required to take one term of a foreign language or a
one-term course taught in a foreign language.
㧥㧚We recommend that special attention be paid to quantitative skills in thedefinition of the general education requirement and in the criteria for
Harvard College Courses.
㧝㧜㧚We recommend that the Dean convene a working group of science faculty toplan the redesign of introductory science courses and to reassess the- 168 -

pre-medical curriculum.
  㧝㧝㧚We recommend that the Dean and the Faculty examine ways in which toincorporate the study of ethical and moral questions into the College’s
general education program.
Concentration  㧝㧞㧚We recommend that concentration choice be moved to the end of the first termof the sophomore year.
  㧝㧟㧚We recommend that each concentration review its requirements with an eye
toward reducing them to a level appropriate to a liberal arts and sciences
education for non-specialists, and that there be a presumptive cap of 12 on
the number of concentration requirements.
  㧝㧠㧚We recommend that each concentration, or field-specific track within aconcentration, formulate a single set of requirements for all concentrators, inplace of the existing basic and honors tracks.
  㧝㧡㧚We recommend the development, where appropriate, of alternative capstone
experiences to the senior thesis.
  㧝㧢㧚We recommend that all tutorial programs be headed by professional facultywith responsibility for the oversight of syllabi and instruction.
  㧝㧣㧚We recommend that all concentrations introduce a junior seminar program offaculty-taught, small-group seminars, or otherwise ensure that allconcentrators enroll in a small course taught by a faculty member.
  㧝㧤㧚We recommend that all concentrations review their requirements to reassessthebalancebetweendisciplinary

focus

and

opportunities

forcross-disciplinary work, at both the introductory and advanced levels.
  㧝㧥㧚We recommend that the Head Tutor or Director of Undergraduate Studies ineach concentration (with a preference for the latter title because of its
clarity) be a senior faculty member charged with oversight of concentration
advising and monitoring of students’ academic progress within theconcentration.
  㧞㧜㧚We recommend that concentrations, particularly the large concentrations,increase faculty participation in concentration advising.
  㧞㧝㧚We recommend that each student be assigned a concentration adviser.
  㧞㧞㧚We recommend that students be required to meet with an adviser for a
substantial discussion at least twice per year.
  㧞㧟㧚We recommend that each concentration ensure that every student who wishes- 169 -

to pursue a senior thesis is matched with a thesis adviser.
  㧞㧠㧚We recommend that each concentration establish an Undergraduate Studies
Committee, composed of concentrators, to provide systematic feedback andsuggestions for improvements in the course offerings and structure of theconcentration.
  㧞 㧡 㧚 We recommend that the Educational Policy Committee engage eachconcentration in a review of its purpose and structure as part of arecertification of all concentrations.

Introduction Students to the College: The First-Year Experience  㧞㧢㧚We recommend that students no longer be required to meet the foreign
language requirement in the freshman year.
  㧞㧣㧚We recommend that the FAS continue to expand the Freshman Seminar
Program with the goal of offering enough seminars to accommodate theentire freshman class by academic year 2006-2007.
  㧞㧤㧚We recommend that all freshmen be required to enroll in a small-group,
faculty-led seminar, such as a Freshman Seminar or its equivalent, in the
freshman year.
  㧞㧥㧚We recommend that departments in which courses are tracked have clear
provisions for correcting a student’s placement during the semester.
  㧟㧜㧚We recommend that students be required to take at least two courses during
the freshman year that are not letter-graded, and be allowed to take up tofour.
  㧟㧝㧚We recommend that the Dean of Harvard College create an office to coordinate
all aspects of academic advising.
  㧟㧞㧚We recommend that pre-concentration academic advising be separated fromproctoring, and that each freshman be assigned to an adviser with related
academic interests.
  㧟㧟㧚We recommend that the Dean of Harvard College work with departments toencourage more faculty to serve as pre-concentration advisers.
  㧟㧠㧚We recommend that the advising office organize a series of dinners for 15
freshmen with a faculty member, the students and faculty member matchedby broad areas of academic interest.
  㧟㧡㧚We recommend that, building upon existing procedures by which students
indicatepossible

areas

of

concentration,

theconcentrations

takeresponsibility for sharing important advising information with prospective- 170 -

concentrators.
  㧟㧢㧚We recommend that freshmen be assigned to a House before the start offreshman year and be housed together in dormitory entries affiliated with
their House.
Expanding Opportunities  㧟㧣㧚We recommend there be an expectation that all Harvard College students
pursue a significant international experience during their time in the College,
and that completion of such an experience be noted on the transcript.
  㧟㧤㧚We recommend that the FAS expand its allocation of financial support,
including summer grants, salaries, stipends, and loans, in order to make itpossible for all students to pursue at least one international experience.
  㧟㧥㧚We recommend that the Office of International Programs, in consultation withthe concentrations, identify study abroad programs in which Harvard
College students may enroll for degree and concentration credit, and that allconcentrations plan requirements and course sequences to accommodate oneterm of study abroad.
  㧠㧜㧚We recommend an increase in funding for undergraduates to engage infaculty-supervised research projects over the summer.
  㧠㧝㧚We recommend that the College provide to all students comprehensive
information and advice about faculty-supervised research projects andfunding sources.
  㧠㧞㧚We recommend that the Dean, working with the President, Provost, and thedeans of other Faculties, develop policies to reduce the financial andadministrative barriers that impede faculty from one part of the University
teaching in another.
  㧠㧟㧚We endorse the proposal of the University Committee on Calendar Reform tosynchronize the calendars of the several Faculties of the University.
  㧠㧠㧚We recommend the creation of a January term in conjunction with theproposed University-wide calendar.
  㧠㧡㧚We recommend that there be an office within Harvard College to work withstudents, faculty, and directors of arts, athletic, and public service programs
to coordinate and administer a set of offerings in January.
  㧠㧢㧚We recommend that the Dean for the humanities work to expand curricular
opportunities for performance and the creative arts in Harvard College, andthat the Faculty be receptive toward proposals for new tracks and new- 171 -

concentrations that focus on the practice and performance of the arts.
  㧠㧣㧚We recommend that the College work with Phillips Brooks House and otherorganizations to assist faculty who would like to include a public service
component in a course.
  㧠㧤㧚We recommend that sections in courses that include a formal public service
component normally be limited to 12 students.
Fostering Pedagogical Improvement and Innovation  㧠㧥㧚We recommend that resources be developed to increase the number of seminarrooms and small classrooms with flexible layouts to facilitate group
discussion and with appropriate instructional media equipment.
  㧡㧜㧚We recommend that lecture halls be designed to facilitate more interactive
instruction, and to be equipped to enable the use of the widest range oftechnologies.
  㧡㧝㧚We recommend that the Dean explore the possibility of reducing section size
from 18 to 15 in those courses large enough to subdivide into two or more
sections (ordinarily those that enroll more than 22 students).
  㧡㧞㧚We recommend that pedagogical training be required of all new section
leaders, including instruction in guiding and evaluating student writing andoral presentation.
  㧡㧟㧚We recommend that the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences create a new
fellowship to recognize outstanding teachers.
  㧡㧠㧚We recommend that concentrations and individual courses create more
opportunities for students to engage in collaborative, small-group work, andthat support be provided for introducing these opportunities.
  㧡㧡㧚We recommend that courses include several written assignments during theterm, including at least one graded assignment before mid-semester, so thatstudents may calibrate their progress.
  㧡㧢㧚We recommend that all courses be evaluated both at mid-term and at the endof the term, and that these evaluations be completed in an online format withthe ability to customize questions for the specific course.
  㧡㧣㧚We recommend that the Dean of Harvard College more closely coordinate theactivities of pedagogical support programs.

- 172 -

 Curricular Development within a Research-Intensive
University : The Example of Harvard
Dr. James Wilkinson
Director, Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning, Harvard University)(D(53rd CSHE Seminar, Nagoya University
December 6, 2005)

Let me start with a little background. As you know from the handout,
Harvard has begun a curricular review that is still in progress, it is notcompleted yet by any means. In fact today, were I back at my university I
would be going to a faculty meeting where they will be voting on some of theprovisions of the review having to do with student advising. So, it’s acomplicated process both in terms of the consultations that preceded it and thelegislation that will come out of it, and the implementation of whatever new
regulations that are decided on.
The question is “why do this? Why have a curricular review at all? There areseveral possible answers. One is that it’s useful to revitalize the faculty. In the
background we should keep the question of the purpose of the review in mind.
For now let me say it is extremely broad. It takes in how to define liberal
education, which is a topic under discussion for some 2,000 years as far as I
can see all the way back to Seneca. Trying to figure out what a liberal
education is. I remember at a conference a few years ago in Mexico I was
taken to task by an elderly professor who told me he thought that the conceptof liberal education was much too ideological, and that in fact there should beconservative education as well. I had to tell him that the term came from the
Roman word for “free men,” and that liberal education was what you neededin order to participate in the political life of your city. So, even the term liberal
education is subject to misinterpretation.
Harvard is trying to redefine liberal education; it’s very interested in an
increasing emphasis on science. It’s interested in international experience forits students. Changing the academic calendar, and improving students
advising, and others. Each of these five areas have implications for the others,
it is in a sense integrated. You can’t change part of the system without having
the effects ripple through the rest of the institution. The process is on goingand intricate in the sense that it involves many different moving parts. The
curricular review is both a process that results in certain outcomes: newrequirements, new administrative structures. And it will probably takeanother 3 years to put them in place.
But I will focus more today on the process, because the outcomes aren’t
entirely clear. Second, I think it may be more interesting to you to think about
the means through which this review is proceeding. Then, the specifics, which
in some cases are quite different from the concerns here in Nagoya. But I hopethat some of the stupid things that Harvard has done in the last 5 years are
mistakes that others can avoid, so I come here in part as a critic of my own- 173 -

institution. I don’t think Harvard always gets it right, and often Harvard gets
it wrong. The one thing to say in Harvard’s defense is that it tries a second or
third time. There is a self-correction mechanism that should be part of any
curricular review, and certainly the mechanism has been much needed in thecase of Harvard.
The question of “why have a curricular review”? One answer is that things
are not the same in the world since the last review took place, a review which
I remember very well. I was an assistant professor at the time; I remember
these debates in the faculty about what should be tried. They were very longand tiresome but in the end it was a very healthy process to try to justify what
Harvard was doing. So, even if nothing changes, it would be important to“rehearse” the reasons for requirements for the different departments for the
shape of the education. But the world changes in 30 years and things like anemphasis on science and more international experience are a reflection of
those changes. We all know the clichés about globalization, technologicalrevolutions, etc. But these have a real impact on institutions and even a large,
wealthy, private institutions such as Harvard is not immune to what happensin the rest of the world. If we don’t take account of the changes over the last
30 years we really aren’t doing our job.
Second, there is a top-down reason for curricular review. Harvard has a new,energetic President, who is not above trying to make things happen his own
way. There is a new Dean in the Faculty of Arts & Sciences (FAS). So people
at the top are interested in change, partly just to leave their mark on theinstitution. It’s like moving into a new house and painting it a different color.
Equally interesting is pressure from below. I’m quoting from the Boston Globe.
They managed to secure a secret report that compares 30 different colleges
and universities. It looks at the degree of satisfaction and it turns out Harvard
has some very unhappy students compare to other schools. The degree ofsatisfaction grew for each year that they were at Harvard, so that the newstudents were the happiest, while those who had been there for 4 years werethe unhappiest. The dissatisfaction included trying to find faculty, they werealways in their labs, or in Washington, or on speaking engagements maybe
even in Japan. They were not too happy with the quality of the courses andthey were distinctly unhappy with the quality of advising. There are reasons
inside the university at the top and bottom. There is a sense that the time isright to do some self-examination and perhaps change some things.
Let me say a couple of things about Harvard. One of the surprising things is
how decentralized it is. It really resembles a kind of feudal kingdom with avery weak king and very powerful barons each sitting in their own castles.
Those barons are the Deans of the 14 separate faculties, each financial
independent. Harvard’s motto is “every tub on it’s own bottom”. Which means
each faculty should have responsibility for its own finances. In practice thismeans that there are some very rich faculties like Business or Law, Medicine,and poor faculties, in the monetary sense, not in the intellectual sense, such asarchitecture, the divinity, and unfortunately education. Those are the less wellendowed because their graduates make the least money, and Harvard as a

- 174 -

private institution relies on contributions from its alumni to maintain its
finances.
The practical implication is that each faculty gets to decide a lot about
curriculum, requirements, and the FAS of which my Center is a part is thelargest of the 14. It consumes near 50% of Harvard’s resources. So when I talkabout Harvard in my remarks, I’m really talking about FAS. This curricularreview is taking place in the FAS, which is the only faculty with
undergraduate students. Every other faculty has only graduate degrees. The
FAS has 800 faculty members, 6,600 undergraduates, 3000 graduate students,and many committees. It is self-governing, and that’s why there are all thesecommittees. The FAS can make a lot of decisions about what they want to do,
and although our new President has ambitions to try to influence the faculty,
he has been humbled recently, so I don’t think he’ll have a great deal of say inwhat the Faculty decides to do.
The process of curricular review involves a huge amount of time from manydifferent people. This is one of the pre-requisites, a necessary but not a
sufficient condition for success for curricular review—getting the faculty on
board. One reason it takes a long time is you have many committee meetings,
and as a member of one of the committees (Committee for Pedagogical
Improvement) it’s not always fun to sit and talk about the same topic again, or
listen to the complaints of your colleagues having to do with what was decided
last month, so this is a process that tests the patience and committee of themembers of the faculty in order to get the review completed.
What is the structure of the curriculum? 18,000 students at Harvard, and
9,000 are at the FAS. These 6,600 students spend 4 years; take 4 courses eachsemester, 2X a year, if they obtain the necessary credits they will qualify forthe degree. Half of the courses are in a concentration or “major”. When I wasan undergraduate at Harvard I majored in French History and Literature.
That’s only half of your courses. One quarter is in general education, and aquarter can be chosen as the students wish. Why is it that students don’t takeall their courses in their special chosen area? I think the short answer is that
American high schools are very weak in terms of preparation they give tostudents. When students arrive at Harvard, they don’t know as much as
students who arrive at universities in Japan. In fact they know much, muchless. We have to try to bring them up to speed by giving them a required
course in writing English, and in introducing them to a number of different
subject to broaden their education. In many other countries they would havealready studied in high school and that would be time saved at the university.
One reason it takes 4 years and only half of the time is spent in a particularfield is because there is a lot of remedial work that needs to be done.
Let me put forward a paradox, which underlies this whole issue ofcurricular reform. For a review to be successful it has to hang together. There
has to be a central logic, an animating concept behind the curricular review.
That is what we might call the philosophical premise for the curricular review.
But there’s a political premise, that for it to be adopted and implemented it
has to secure the support from the faculty. You could have the most logical- 175 -

review in the world, if it’s not adopted and implemented, who cares? There’s
no point in having decided upon it in the first place.
However, a faculty will open support a new curriculum if it helps them, if it
is in their interests. And because the faculty are so different, their interests
are different and potentially in conflict. This means the central logic is also
impossible, because you can’t get the central logic to embrace all of thesedifferent faculty opinions. Maybe you can but it takes a very long time and a
lot of negotiation. Here we have an intellectual imperative for coherence, anda political imperative for faculty participation. The faculty need to “buy into”
this whole program. There is no such thing at Harvard as the curricular police.
No one will come into your classroom to make sure you are implementing thecurricular review. So, you could say “yes”, to the curricular review and turnaround and do whatever you want in your classroom. It’s a little bit like thefamous Japanese distinction between honne and tatemae. You can be verytatemae with your colleagues, but you are going to do with your students as
you wish.
A curriculum that succeeds has everyone onboard so the distinction between
honne and tatemae has collapsed. The two are identical in the ideal curricularreview. But to do that the faculty has to be won over, you have to listen tothem. Among other things you have to find out what they are interested in.
They may not be interested in anything that matters to you, but nevertheless
you have to somehow get them on board. I know of a number of reviews thatlook great on paper. You think “Wow! This is going to be the new millennium
in terms of education!” But nothing changes. Because there is no teachingpolice to enforce the changes. Institutions, and particularly universities, havea tremendous amount of inertia. They are very conservative. That’s one reason
that as an institution has survived since the 12th century in Europe or even
earlier if you count Buddhist universities in Kyoto. Universities was teaching
institutions have been around for a very long time. They don’t change easily.
So you could say the whole idea of a curricular review is a bit of a gamble. It’s
taking on an institution with a lot of inertia, and trying to get it to move.
So, given this paradox, the question is “what is possible?” And I’ve outline a
couple of the possibilities. We could have coherence without practical results.
That’s the fine-sounding review that doesn’t change anything. Or we could
have practical results that are piecemeal, that is different and maybe evenconflicting changes. Real change, but without coherence. For instance, you
could make the students take more science courses as a requirement for thebachelor’s degree, but if you also want them to have international experience,
you reduced the ability of them to have more science courses. You really needto think about priorities. Not all things are possible, and putting forward somegoals for the curricular review may make other ones impossible. There’s justnot enough time to do everything that you would like.
Let’s shift focus from the theory of curricular review to the practice. What
has Harvard done in the last three years? What procedures have it followed. I
think we can divide is up into four different phases, all of which have one
thing in common--they all have consultations with the different stakeholder
groups, the faculty, the administrators, and the students, most importantly- 176 -

being the faculty, because they have the final vote on most of the new
proposals. But it’s important to say that all groups have a stake in theoutcome, and when I ask why do we have a curricular review, theadministrators want to put their stamp on a new Harvard, the students are
unhappy. The faculty are the least unhappy and are the most content to go
along as it were, but at the same time they are the most important group to
win over. So, if we look at the balance between incentives to power, the people
with the incentive to change, the students have practically no power, theadministrators have limited power, given how decentralized Harvard is. The
faculty have the most power and the least incentive.
Phrase I
Phase one of the curricular review was to create 4 working groups two years
ago to look first at the students’ academic experience, including thedissatisfaction with the quality of instruction. Looking at pedagogy, that is,what are the options for teaching? A lot has changed in terms of pedagogicaltheory and outlook in the last 30 years, at least in the United States. The
lectures now are seen as a flawed instrument of teaching and so-called active
learning--small-group learning, problem-based learning-- is much more widely
supported now than it was 30 years ago, even by faculty. General education is
this one quarter of the students’ program that has a broad base; the closes we
could come to is liberal education. Also a focus on concentration, which is onehalf of a student’s program. This is a very broad mandate. The working groups
are out there exploring. It’s almost like the beginning stages of a research
project.
Who is involved? The Dean of the FAS appointed people to serve on thesegroups. He appointed 34 junior and senior faculty, (assistant, associate andfull professors). 12 students, which is very significant and a good idea. The
students have the most incentive for change, so it was important to hear atleast what they didn’t like about their courses. 4 administrators who werelargely drawn from people who had much contact with students. Of course allof these people had to agree to serve, so this is a group of people interested in
education and curricular reform and therefore not very representative of thefaculty as a whole.
From this group, a 12-person steering committee shared by the dean, Kirby,
coordinated the 4 groups. So this was the attempt by Kirby to solve theproblem of piecemeal reform right at the start. In December 2003, he sent theresults of this initial group; sending a letter to faculty outlining the themes
which were the general results of looking into these four different areas. These
working groups have been in operation for 7 or 8 months.
What were the themes? Internationalization (globalization, the need forHarvard to engage with the world as a whole). Science: the degree of science
illiteracy among undergraduates was alarming high. The philosophy andliterature majors were not very strong in any aspect of science, whether it wasquantitative reasoning or basic knowledge of chemistry or physics, etc.
Interdisciplinary work was something that felt very important to this- 177 -

beginning working group phase. Disciplinary boundaries are artificial. They
are creations of academic departments to some degree. Increasingly,
particularly in the sciences, there are working groups that combine physicists,
molecular biologists, and chemists. The idea was that disciplinary boundaries
being artificial should be looked on as something that should be dealt withflexibly, and there was not enough flexibility.
Creating groups of students interested in learning, a nod to pedagogy—the
pedagogical sub-committee liked communities of learning. They also wanted
students to be more involved directly in research. These were the tworecommendations or themes that I felt happiest about. Harvard is finallytrying to confront 21st century pedagogy. We’ll see what happened to themover time.
Phase II
Now we come to phrase two. In the spring of 2004, almost 2 years ago, theworking groups issued their findings; the findings were synthesized into areport by an administrator. They came up with fifty-seven different
requirements. There was little coherence in the 57 recommendations. This iscalled a laundry list. Everything was there. Many of them were reasonable,
but they weren’t organized into a coherent whole. The real question is what doyou do with 57 different recommendations. The fist thing was to talk about
them. The Dean held meetings but the reaction was very negative. People
didn’t like this document. It was incoherent, superficial and had no central
logic. The administrator who prepared the report was essentially fired. A newseries of seven committees were created to repair the damage.
Here we have a typical procedure in curricular review. It is good to repair
the damage. Administrators could simply ignore the fact that people don’t likethe report. The penalty for ignoring that is that faculty will simply sit on theirhands and do nothing when it comes time to implement the report. The badthing is that they created new committees since that’s not necessarily going tosolve the problem.
We’re starting fresh with phase two with seven committees (general
education, science, internationalization, etc.) A new committee was set up tolook at the academic calendar. The idea was that Harvard should take themonth of January and have it be it’s own self-contained unit when students
could go off and do something interesting. As it is now, students come backand prepare for exams, which are held at the end of the month. These
committees were formed to address the major recommendations in the initial
review. Their focus was a little tighter. They had a clearer mandate. So that’s
progress.
Phase III
About a year ago the new committees began to see what in the April reportthat they could use. We have more people involved 50 faculty, 13 students, 20
administrators. Many of them are new. We had faculty burnout on the- 178 -

committees. Any community at small universities is staffed by the same groupof public-spirited people. There are other faculty you wouldn’t want to put on acommittee. This small group of public-spirited faculty get tired. Some of thesefaculty weren’t happy about coming on board. The report had raised suchnegative feelings. Some faculty were motivated for the first time to be part ofthe process. So that was the upside. By antagonizing the faculty actually theprocess allowed for more recruitment. The one way I can change this is in
becoming a player.
With seven committees and no steering committee the big problem was thatthey didn’t talk to each other very much. There were a few people who served
on more than one committee, and finally, before they started issuing their newreports, the chairs of the committees began meeting with together. When thereports came out, it was a mixed reaction. It was not as bad as the reaction to
the April document, but there was one committee (general education) that was
really trashed. The President of Harvard tried to exercise some pressure overthis committee in his relations with Dean Kirby were bad. His people’s skills
were worse. There was no consensus on the general education committee.
Rather than issue a set of recommendation they said, “Harvard is in favor ofgeneral education”. This was not one of the prouder moments in the Harvard
curricular review. Many faculty thought of this as a disaster. I got a call fromsomeone at WestPoint who said “I’ve seen a copy of the general educationcommittee report. Is that all? I said, “Yes it is all”. That was embarrassing. We
went back to square one again.
This summer five members of the general education committee met
regularly all summer and drafted a new, much better report that was acceptedby the committee members in September. It had intellectual coherence,talking about the reasons for general education and how the requirements
could be satisfied. At the same time the financial impact of the othercommittees was taken into account by the Dean and they came up with somepriorities. Curricular review cost money. One of the problems with 57
recommendations is that they all cost money, you don’t have enough money for
all 57 so which ones do you do? This past summer a new report which was sortof the intellectual heart of the curricular review, a financial assessment.
Phase Four (current phrase)
A new committee (educational policy committee-EPC) enters the scene andweighed in at the end of November with a report on concentrations, which ishalf of the students’ program devoted to a particular field, like philosophy or
physics. They wanted to make things more flexible for students. One of thethings students had complained about was all the rules and regulations andrequirements. The EPC thought that this complaint was justifiable and there
should be fewer rules and regulations. As an illustration of how this ties
together, the faculty meeting today on advising, is a direct response to thesuggestion that there be fewer rules and regulations. If you don’t have somany rules and students are going to make their own choices, who is going tohelp them make the choices. You have to have a better advising system.

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Students were very unhappy about the lack of good advising. This again
suggests you have to have changes that proceed in tandem, as a package,rather than just one or the other.
Other reports will be presented to the Faculty all during this year for
separate votes. Many of the reports probably will be approved in their present
form. Actually implementation will take another 1 to 3 years, but it may takelonger.
What will these changes look like? The first thing is the departments will
get more power since the core undergraduate program is essentially being
dismantled. The departments will be able to offer more courses on their own.
Students will have more flexibility of choice. The core program will be replaced
by a tri-partite system of humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences
courses which looks just like the curriculum I had in the 1960’s. One of theoutcomes of the curricular review is a return to the past. But there is for broadfoundational courses which is the substitute for the core. We may even get
new interdisciplinary courses. We certainly are going to get better advising.
The report to be submitted today really puts the squeeze on faculty. Faculty
members who do advising are supposed to double in the next three years andmany other things are being considered. That’s a sign that student
satisfaction is being taken more seriously. I think it was a real shock to people
at Harvard which is a self-regarding institution (high opinion of its own
worth) that students were so unhappy and got more unhappy the longer they
were there. That was a very salutary correction to Harvard’s imprudent selfsatisfaction. The students are being asked more opinion, students sit on anumber of committees.
To conclude, I want to ask the question of what sort of broad lessons can one
draw from this experience which is after all only one typical researchintensive institutions. I’ve listed six things that are the take-home lessons.
1) Change has to happen for a purpose. Research should be used to answer aquestion, not just to write about a topic. A famous British historian Lord
Ackman said, “We must study problems, not periods”. A curricular review
should be the answer to problems, so you really have to know why you want tochange.
2) The Harvard experience suggests the benefit of early and of multiple
consultations. I think particularly the students played a very constructive rolein pushing for change. They convinced the faculty who were the least
motivated to change that something was wrong by appealing to the faculty’s
pride. The faculty didn’t want to be associated with an institution whose
students hated what was going on.
3) The process is very slow and iterative going back to square one at least
twice. You put out a proposal, it get shot down, you re-draft it, it gets halfhearted support, you re-draft it again and put it out and hope that you can getbetter support. This is messy. It doesn’t happen according to a fixed timetable.
The President got furious when things were slower than he wanted. But- 180 -

slowness and iteration are the price to be paid for reforms that are permanent
or at least lasting. No reform is permanent but some reforms are more lasting
than others. The investment in slow reforms pays off afterward in having aseries of reforms that people can generally support. It permits corrections andI think the general education report is a good example of why corrections may
be needed.
4) There may be tensions in the committee that they can’t come up with acoherent set of recommendations, so you need to come up with a kind of selfcorrecting process and the committees need to accept criticism. No committee
should think of themselves as having the final word. They’re just delegatedpower from their colleagues and they need to answer to their colleagues.
5) I’m not sure the Harvard curricular review has a central logic even now. It
has more of one than it did at the beginning. The idea that students need tohave a number of skills—I have been pushing for a particular kind of central
logic that is involved with the tools for research an inquiry. I don’t think that’s
going to happen despite memos to the Dean to make this the cornerstone. But
I think there is more coherence now and that is limited progress.
What strikes me is that good curricular development has some of the samecharacteristics as good teaching. The process of getting to where we are now at
Harvard resembles the pedagogical process we all go through in teachingcourses. A good course will have clear goals, so we can focus on a limited set ofthings the students have to learn. It has continuous feedback.
We at the Bok Center encourage faculty to have early feedback fromstudents. And also to give students an early indication to how well they are
doing. The feedback runs in both directions.
The ability to learn from mistakes. It’s good when students make mistakes
in a course as that shows them the need for change an improvement. It’s also
good for faculty to learn from mistakes. One of the things my teaching center
does is give video feedback to show faculty what they look like when they’relecturing and sometimes they’re surprised.
High standards. You really should undertake a curricular review assuming
it’s going to make a positive change for the better. People can sometimes rise
to high standards that’s one reason you learn from mistakes. Faculty said,“This isn’t good enough. We don’t like this.” That’s part of having highstandards.
Patience in meeting them. You have to think of this as a long-term process.
Messing up is normal. Having high standards is good but you’re not going tomeet them right away. If you try over an over again, in the end you may getthat elusive balance of having some degree of coherence and faculty
acceptance of the need for reform and of the particular reforms you’re putting
through. Whether that will happen at Harvard is still an open question, but
I’m cautiously optimistic that some of the reforms--advising and the new
curricular structure will have enough general faculty support to be
implemented. That’s one reason to have this serious of faculty meetings.

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There’s a lot of talk back and forth that has helped to bring a number of people
around.

Q&A
Q: The core represents the philosophy of education. Is there a wide consensus
on abandoning the core?
A: I think there is consensus on two grounds. The original justification for thecore was that the proliferation of academic fields, you could not require thatstudents have content knowledge of many different fields, but you could havethem understand the methodology that was used in the humanities, sciences,
etc. In the original document of 1978 Harvard doesn’t want to stress greatbooks but it want to look at approaches to knowledge. By 2000, most faculty
had forgotten about the approaches to knowledge part. There is a natural
progression where courses revert to content focus. The first consensus wasthat the original philosophy for the core was being ignore and wasn’t working.
The second consensus was that it was too complicated—there were elevendifferent fields students needed to cover. Some they could cover through theirconcentration, but that still left many others. Not every one was offered eachsemester.
It was felt to have lost the belief in the methodological underpinnings of thecore. And the administration of the core had become cumbersome andconstricting. Because of Harvard’s poor advising it meant that students weremaking bad choices. I think faculty are united in getting rid of the core. Thereis some agreement about interdisciplinary approaches. Humanities faculties
are talking about combining philosophy and literature. I don’t know how wellthat will translate into actual courses.
There is also an interest in trying to draw students into a “portal” course
which will have few prerequisites but very high standards. The life sciences,
biology, etc. have begun this semester. Between interdisciplinarity andbringing in students with no prerequisites but to give students an intense
introduction to a particular who field, you have the beginnings of a consensus.
The flexibility makes it hard to predict with certainty whether there will becoherence. I see the curricular review as a reaction of the previous core as any
new kind of vision. It’s like a pendulum. Things have gotten too bureaucraticand now let’s move in the direction of more freedom. The next curricularreview is probably going to call for more rules and regulations. It’s possiblethat between now and a year from now the general education committee orothers will come up with a better vision to replace the philosophical conceptionof the core. But right now we’re not there yet.
Q: You mentioned no more core in the future. How about the relationship withthe requirements for determination of concentration. If you’ll be a chemistrymajor then you need this from the core. If you have more freedom, then whatis the relationship with the students’ future concentrations?

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A: (refer to drawing on board) Let’s divide the courses up into two groups. We
have two systems, the old system and new one. Under the old system
concentration was 50%. The non-concentration was divided into three. The
requirements for different concentrations are going to be scaled back slightly.
There’s no more core, but there’s going to be a tripartite division. (25%)

OLD
NEW

Concentration
50%+
45%

Non-concentration
Core: 25%
Free: 25%
Free: 25%1) Humanities
2)
SocialSciences
3) Sciences

Suppose you’re studying philosophy means that you will be only studying social
sciences and natural sciences in the core. One of these three will be eliminated. How
do you define this group here (humanities)? Previously students of some majors
wanted to take humanities courses (Japanese art) and apply them to their core, butthey couldn’t if it wasn’t officially a core course. That didn’t make much sense. Now
anything counts: department courses. What matters is not who offers the course whatmatters is what is the course about. If you figure that you have 8 half courses you’regoing to have to take, for a philosophy major, 4 of would be in the social sciences and
4 in the natural sciences. Any 4 courses that fall into any of the sciences would work.
You could take 4 in chemistry and really learn something about, or you could takedifferent sciences courses. This is why advising is so important.
Languages are pedagogically interesting. Most foreign languages have a learning
curve where they have take off in the third year. This is a well-researched area. The
obvious result is that it’s stupid not to require that student take 3 years of a foreign
language. The advising is going to be key to convincing students to take more

foreign language. Here is an example where research in pedagogy can have anaffect on advising. We’re trusting students to make lots of good decisions.
Q: You talked about expanding students’ research? There’s a difference
between Japan and U.S. in Japan. Students have to have a research credit.
A: It depends on some degree whether you do honors or non-honors. Harvard
has 2 degrees. A research paper is required for honors (except for chemistry).
There are other kinds of research you can do: summertime, etc. We would likethere to be more research that students do. That is going to happen. It was
one of the original themes of the student group and it’s now kind of
disappeared. They may be implemented but probably not as a central part ofthe curricular review. You can get an independent study. The student could toa directed tutorial with a professor. The student could do research with aprofessor for the whole semester. It would count as a real cost. They’d get a
grade for it. Just as a graduate student could do research.
Harvard medical school and life sciences are in close cooperation, and there
are undergraduates who do research at the medical school. They are part ofresearch teams there. Having a lot of research going on in the Boston area issomething undergraduates should be allowed to take more advantage of.

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Q: Student dissatisfaction and curricular reform. How are student evaluationsof courses used?
A: There’s all sort of research and surveys made of course evaluations.
Harvard courses (92%) are evaluated and those evaluations are made public.
They are published in a book and also online. The evaluation is on a 5-point
scale. I did a study a year ago and discovered that like grade inflation thestudent evaluation had risen by half a point on the 5-point scale since the mid70s. Students appeared to be more satisfied. An opposite set of indicators comefrom seniors who are surveyed at the end of senior year. They are very
unhappy. So we have contradictory data. 3.0 on a 5-point scale is a terrible
grade. There are very few courses that are rated that low. What explains thediscrepancy?
Part of it has to do with how the questions are framed. “Are you satisfied
with the academic experience” is the question asked of seniors. “Are yousatisfied with this course” is the course evaluation question. So it’s as if
students are fairly happy with individual experiences but don’t feel they add
up to anything. The way the senior satisfaction data is evaluation is against
other institutions. Which is not the case with individual courses. There are 30
institutions that Harvard shares data with and it is in these comparisonswhere Harvard is way down. It points out that students are dissatisfied in a
relative sense vis a vis institutions Harvard compares itself too. The
comparative data finally drove this forward. You have to think about how thequestion affects the answer and how I’m looking at the data, the difference
between absolute and relative. We did a study at Harvard onunderachievement. One group that underachieves is the top quartile. They are
only the best compared to the other 3 quarters, compared to what they could
achieve if they were pushed harder. Any measurement depend on a standard.
The other thing is that another standard/survey took a very small sample
showed that students were getting progressively less happy.
Q: Reform efforts for advising and the state of faculty development.
A: I think it’s in flux. I’m optimistic because faculty are understanding thatthe only way this curricular reform is going to work is if advising improves. It
may take ten years to get to a really robust advising system. FD component inthis is huge and it involves many things you wouldn’t normally think of:stereotyping. If you’re advising a female student who says, “I want to be achemistry major” you better take her seriously. If you have stereotypes about
who should major in what you make not take students seriously. Gendersensitive/bias components to advising.
We’re trying to work with faculty and graduate students to help them
identify what their blind spots are. We have a psychologist on the faculty
whose don experiments on unintentional blindness. Faculty can be very
focused on some things and completely miss other things. Harvard has a very
diverse student body. Which means that when you’re advising you’re likely tobe advising people who are very different from you. It may be difficult toempathize and connect with what they want to do. When you’re talking about- 184 -

faculty development and advising you’re talking about a huge set of attitudes
that need to be made explicit. Even if faculty were convinced that advising is
the most important thing, they would still have a long way to go to become
tuned into not just to people who are different from them but people who are
20 years old. Advising is central to a well-functioning university andincredibly challenging thing for anybody.
Q: How do you get faculty involved in faculty development?
A: (normal distribution curve) 3 segments of faculty. These are the faculty you
want to get involved. What you want them to do is move under the bell. These
people will respond to volunteers. You need to find allies and pickdepartments and segment the population. It’s a subset of any kind of faculty
development: syllabus development, course design, advising, etc. The single
most frequently asked question is “how do we get the faculty involved?” This is
an international problem. We’ve created a wonderful university that has thisperverse outcome. We disassociate faculty from pressures and incentives
required to make them good teachers and good university citizens.
Q: My question also is about the changes in the core curriculum. I think might
be interested if you make a comparative study with what is happening inJapan and at Harvard prior to 1991 university students spend their first 2
years learning general education in the three areas. Since 1991
Monbukagakusho asked universities to abolish the distinction between
general education and professional education (concentration) programs.
Students were encouraged to take courses during the 4 years without any
different between these two areas. Is there any change in the arrangement ofthese three types of courses (humanities/social/sciences)? How significantly
has the education program changed in terms of faculty members?
A: The sequence: when would you do the succession to the core. The bachelor’s
degree in the US is not enough. If you want a law degree you need three more
years, etc. When students have this concentration, it’s a focus but it’s notnecessarily what they’ll do the rest of their lives. They can change their minds.
As for the sequence—it’s mixed. You can take one of these courses senioryear if you want to. Students often take more of them in the first couple years
but there’s no require sequence. If you change the label does that change thesubstance. One thing does change. Faculty can be much more excited about acourse that they have reconceptualized, rethought, etc. It may seem silly to go
to these efforts to get faculty to re-tool a bunch of courses. I taught at Harvard
since 1974. When the core came in, people said “Great. Let’s try a new course.”
There were new courses and some were successful. One thing you get with a
new label is the incentive to try out something new. In general, anything you
can do to up the incentive for teaching is a good thing. As long as the faculty
sit down and tries something else instead of reading from the same notes orPower Point slides they’ve used for the last 8 years, they have a reason to dosomething new. That may induce them to create something terrific. If only 3040 do that out of 800. You get economies of scale. I understand why you’re
skeptical.

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Q: It’s difficult in Japan and other countries to provide new programs inlimited time. If you have no fundamental changes in faculty members. Even if
you have new perspectives. You can’t make radical changes overnight. I
wonder if there are any change in professional education programs?
A: Yes, but I think they are more pedagogical and less content related. There
are new specialties but the main change is a shift away from what somepeople have called “just in case teaching” to “just in time teaching.” Just incase teaching students memorize huge amounts of information. Just in timeteaching means you’re given a problem to solve. You go out and do theresearch to solve the problem. (Harvard New Pathways Program). There is theattempt in the professional schools to make problem solving more central. It’s
like the case method widely used in law and business schools. The substancedoesn’t change so much but the real breakthroughs over the last decade havebeen in the delivery or the pedagogical level.
Q: I’m interested in how you came up with the theme of internationalization. I
think it’s kind of a universal general thing around the world in the context ofhigher education research. It’s encouraging to me that Harvard also thinks it’s
important. What do you exactly mean by internationalization? Do you also
include fostering intercultural/transnational competence among students? In
the phrase two the committee name changed slightly to “Committee oninternational studies” which has a different meaning. Were there changes inperspectives?
A: Harvard in some cases isn’t an international place. Up to 10% of theundergraduates are not American nationality. More graduate students areinternational students. It’s not bringing more of the world to Harvard, it’sreally sending Harvard students out. That can happen in study abroad or in
the community.

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ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇ㧔The University of Chicago㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1890 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬หᄢቇߩ⸳┙⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬J. D. ࡠ࠶ࠢࡈࠚ࡜࡯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡦ࠙࡜ࡉߪࠇ߆ޕ‬ᄢቇߩතᬺ↢ߢ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਛ⷏ㇱߦ߽ࡉ࡜࠙ࡦ
ᄢቇߩࠃ߁ߥථ⿧ߒߚቇ໧ߩ႐߇ᔅⷐ‫⩨ߡߒߣޠ‬ᄢߥ⾗㊄ࠍᛩߓߚ‫ޕ‬ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߪ‫”ޔ‬Crescat scientia; vita excolatur (Let knowledge grow more to more;
And so be human life enriched.)㧔‫ޟ‬⍮⼂ࠍ⼾߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޠࠆߥߦ߆⼾߇↢ੱޔ‬㧕”ࠍࡕ࠶࠻࡯ߣߒ‫ޔ‬4,400 ฬߩቇㇱቇ↢‫ ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬9,000 ฬߩᄢቇ㒮↢㧔ኾ㐷⡯ᄢቇ㒮╬ࠍ฽߻㧕߇࿷☋ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔2003 ᐕᐲ⃻࿷㧕㧝‫ޕ‬ᢎຬߩᢙߪ 2,160 ฬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬หᄢቇߩ⚵❱࡮᭴ᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ࿑⴫ߩࠃ߁ߦ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴾᘙ ᵏᾉἉỽἆ‫ܖٻ‬ỉኵጢὉನ঺ᘙᴾ⚵  ❱
ቇㇱᢎ⢒ᜂᒰㇱዪ
㧦The Collegeᄢቇ㒮㧦Graduate divisionsኾ㐷⡯ᄢቇ㒮

↢ᶦᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯᭴ ᚑ㧔ኾ᡹㗔ၞ㧕
࡮↢‛⑼ቇ
࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ
࡮‛ℂ⑼ቇ
࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ
࡮ᣂቇ㓙㗔ၞ
࡮↢‛⑼ቇ
࡮ੱᢥ⑼ቇ
࡮‛ℂ⑼ቇ
࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ
࡮␹ቇ
࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬ
࡮ࡠ࡯࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞
࡮කቇ
࡮౏౒᡽╷
࡮␠ળ⑔␩
↢ᶦᢎ⢒ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫␠ޔ‬ળੱࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ‫ޔ‬න૏⹺ቯ/㕖⹺ቯࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬51 ⒳ 㘃 ߆ ࠄ ߥ ࠆ ኾ 㐷 ⑼ ⋡㧔concentration㧕ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚂ 80 ⒳㘃ߩቇ૏ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧔http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/facts/ (2006/02/22)ࠃࠅ૞⴫㧕ߎߩ߶߆ߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ⴚ⟤ޔ‬㙚‫ޔ࡯࡝࡜ࡖࠡޔ‬㒝ዻ∛㒮‫ޔ‬㒝ዻ࿑ᦠ㙚‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ᐜ⒩࿦߆ࠄࡂࠗࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߦ޿ߚࠆታ㛎ቇᩞߥߤ߇ઃ⸳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ߩ⴫߆ࠄ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߢߩቇㇱᢎ⢒ߦ⋧ᔕߔࠆ߽ߩߪ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬
̌The College̍㧔એਅ‫⸥⴫ߣࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬㧕๭߫ࠇࠆㇱዪߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠧࠞࠪޕ‬ᄢቇߩቇㇱᢎ⢒ߩ᭴ㅧߪ‫᧲ޔ‬੩ᄢቇᄢቇ✚วᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔1997㧕ߩ⎇ⓥߦೣߖ߫‫ޔ‬‫ߩࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ߁޿ߣޠࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޟ‬ฎౖ⊛ߥ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞࡮ࠕ࡯࠷ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨࠍਛᩭߣߒߡ‫ੱޔ‬
ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߦࠊߚࠆᢎ⢒⑼⋡߇න৻ߩ⚵❱ߢ൮᜝ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 187 -

ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍ᝼ߌࠆ߁߃ߢߩ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒޟ‬㧔ࠬ࠹ࠗ࠻ࡔࡦ࠻㧕‫߇ޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ฦᢎຬߦߪ‫ޟ‬ᢎຬ୘ੱߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޟߦ߮ࠄߥޠ‬ቇ↢߳ߩᢎ⢒‫ࠪ࠶ࡒ߇ߩ߽߁޿ߣޠ‬࡚ࡦߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬᣿ᢥൻߐࠇࠆ߹ߢ߽ߥߊᶐㅘߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁㧞‫ޕ‬หᄢߩࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߣห᭽ߩ‫ޔ‬ኾ᡹㗔ၞ߇⟎߆ࠇ‫ ߩߎߦࠄߐޔ‬4 ㇱ㐷ߩᨒߦ෼߹ࠄߥ޿ቇ㓙⊛ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍឭଏߔࠆ╙ 5 ߩㇱ㐷ߣߒߡ‫”ޔ‬New Collegial”ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ߽ߩ
߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߦᚲዻߒߡ޿ࠆ 90㧑એ਄ߩᢎຬ߇‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ห᭽ߩኾ᡹㗔ၞ㧔ㇱ㐷㧕ߢᢎ⢒ᵴേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᄢቇߩᢎຬߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟߣޠࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޟ‬ᄢቇ㒮‫ޔߦޠ‬ੑ㊀ᚲዻ㧔joint
appointment㧕ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵐώᴾ Ἁỽἆ‫ܖٻ‬ỽἾἕἊỉỽἼỿἷἻἲᴾࠞ ࡟ ࠶ ࠫ ߢ ዷ 㐿 ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ࠞ ࡝ ࠠ ࡘ ࡜ ࡓ ߪ ‫ ⥸ ৻ ޟޔ‬ᢎ ⢒ ⑼ ⋡ 㧔 General Education
Requirements㧕‫ޟޔޠ‬ኾ᡹⑼⋡㧔Major㧕‫ޟޔޠ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔Electives㧕‫ߩޠ‬㧟ⷐ⚛߆ࠄߥࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߕ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߪ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ቇᐕߩ⚳ࠊࠅ߹ߢߦ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᛕ್⊛ត᳞ߥࠄ߮ߦ⍮⼂ߩ⊒⷗ߩᯏળࠍឭଏ‫ޠ‬ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃࠍቢੌ㧔15 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ࠧࠞࠪޕ‬ᄢቇߢߪࠢࠜ࡯࠲೙ࠍߣߞߡ߅ࠅ‫࠲࡯ࠜࠢߪ⋡⑼ޔ‬න૏ߢ㐿⻠ߐࠇࠆ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄙߊߩᄢቇߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1 ⑼⋡ߩ᝼ᬺ߇‫ޟ‬ㅳ 1 ࿁ 90 ಽ㑆‫ޔߊߥߪߢߌࠊ߁޿ߣޠ‬ㅳ 2‫ޔ‬߽ߒߊߪ 3 ࿁㐿⻠ߩ 180 ಽ㑆એ਄ߢ޽ߞߚࠅߣ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇࠃࠅ߽㐳ᤨ㑆ࠍ߆ߌߡ᝼ᬺ߇
ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧟‫ޕ‬⃻ⴕߩ 2004-2006 ᐕᐲߩቇㇱᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫⥸৻ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧔15 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕‫ޔ‬ਥኾ᡹⑼⋡㧔9㨪19 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡㧔8㨪18 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ⋡⑼⺆⸒ޔ‬૕⢒߆ࠄว
⸘ 42 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧠ࠍጁୃߔࠆߎߣ߇තᬺ㧔ቇ჻ቇ૏ขᓧ㧕ⷐઙߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔߩ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩቇ↢߇ᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆጁୃ⊓㍳⴫㧔࿑ 1㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧡‫ޕ‬- 188 -‫ ׋‬ᵏᾉἉỽἆ‫ܖٻ‬ỽἾἕἊỆấẬỦ‫̲ޗ‬ႇ᥵ᘙᴾ- 189 -

ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ᦨߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ೋߩ 2 ᐕ㑆ߪ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ
㗔ၞ߆ࠄ᝼ᬺࠍㆬᛯߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔߪࠇߎޕ‬㗔ၞߢߩ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬⍮⼂ߩ⊒⷗ߩᯏળࠍឭଏ‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔޠ‬ਥኾ᡹⑼⋡ࠍㆬᛯߔߴ߈╙ 3‫ޔ‬4 ቇᐕߢߩㅴ
〝ࠍ᳿ቯߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᲑߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ࠍޠ‬ጁୃߔࠆߎߣߦ
ࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਥኾ᡹ߢߪ⥄ಽ߇૗ࠍቇ߮ߚ޿߆㧫‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆᤨ㑆ࠍቇ↢ߦਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧢ਥኾ᡹⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߢޠ‬ᓧߚ⍮⼂ࠍࠃࠅᷓൻߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬Biological Sciences
㧔↢‛⑼ቇ㧕
‫ޔ‬Humanities㧔ੱᢥ⑼ቇ㧕‫ޔ‬New Collegial 㧔ᣂቇ㓙㗔ၞ㧕‫ޔ‬Physical Sciences㧔‛ℂ⑼ቇ㧕߅ࠃ߮ Social Sciences㧔␠ળ⑼ቇ㧕ߩ 5 ㇱ㐷߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ቇ↢ߪߎࠇࠄ 5 ㇱ㐷ࠃࠅ 1 㗔ၞࠍㆬᛯߒ‫ޔ‬㓸ਛߒߡጁୃߔࠆ‫ޔߪߢࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޕ‬51 㗔ၞ߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥኾ᡹⑼⋡ߢᔅⷐߥጁୃ⑼⋡ᢙ㧔9㨪19 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩᢙ㧔8㨪18 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲㧕ߦࠃߞߡ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ਥኾ᡹⑼⋡ߢ 15 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲ጁୃߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߢ 12 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲ㆬᛯߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ኾ᡹ߣหߓቇ໧㗔ၞ߽฽ࠎߛ‫߇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬㑐ᔃߩ޽ࠆ࠹࡯ࡑ߆ࠄㆬᛯ
ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⥄ࠄߩ㑐ᔃࠍ⎇ⓥ߳ߣᒻߠߊࠆᯏળࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵑώᴾ Ἁỽἆ‫ܖٻ‬ỽἾἕἊỉỽἼỿἷἻἲ˺঺ểἾἥἷὊὉἉἋἘἲᴾࠪࠞࠧᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇޽ࠆ߇‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ታ㓙ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ
૞ᚑߔࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળߩᓎഀߪ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ
㑐ߔࠆⷙೣ㧔regulation㧕ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔߪߢޕ‬૞ᚑߪ‫ࠇߛޔ‬߇ᜂߞߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ޕ‬ ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߩޠ‬႐วߪ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޔ‬SOSE14100-14200-14300 ߩ”Mind”ߣ޿߁࠲ࠗ
࠻࡞ߩ 3 ࠢࠜ࡯࠲ߦࠊߚߞߡዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆ᝼ᬺࠍឭଏߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ືޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬ᔃℂቇ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬ᱧผቇ‫‛↢ߡߒߣޔ‬ቇࠍኾ㐷ߣߔࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥㇱ㐷ߩᚲዻᢎຬ㧔8㨪10 ฬ⒟ᐲ㧕߇৻✜ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆࠄߒ޿‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ᢎຬ⋧੕߇‫ޟ‬૗ࠍߤߩࠃ߁
ߦᢎ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫‫߇ߣߎ߁޿ߣޠ‬นⷞ⊛ߦߥࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ㆊ⒟߇ࡇࠕ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߟ߹ࠅ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᢎຬߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ㧔teaching community㧕ߩᒻᚑߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰߇଻ߚࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߡߒߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡮࡯ࡘࡆ࡟ޔ߽ߤࠇߌޕ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇ
ߢ߽⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ߈ߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ቇ↢ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߢ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧣‫ޕ‬ᵒώᴾ ỶὅἑἥἷὊửኳảềᴾ
ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍⴕ޿‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߡߒߘޔ‬⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߣߪߎߣߥࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ૞ᚑߩ․⦡ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬- 190 -

ߘࠇߪ‫ߩߟߣ߭ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߩਥ㗴ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬8㨪10 ฬ⒟ᐲߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥㇱ㐷ᚲዻߩᢎຬ
߆ࠄߥࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ฦᢎຬߩᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆࡇࠕ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩㆊ⒟ࠍ
ᜂߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢎຬߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇‫ߦ߮ࠄߥࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߦੑ㊀ᚲዻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ߦ߮ࠄߥޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߩ෺ᣇߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬
หߓ⽶⩄ߢ⽿છࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ઀⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬ᵈ⋡ߦ୯ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ‫⥸৻ޟ‬ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔߪޠ‬㗔ၞ߆ࠄㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ
߇‫ޔ‬‫ࠕ࡝࠹ࠚࡈࠞޟ‬ᣇᑼ㧔ᅢᄸᔃߦᴪߞߡ⥄↱ߦㆬᛯߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ࠍᐢߍࠆ㧕‫ޔߡߞߥ⇣ߪߣޠ‬
޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩㆬᛯߩ᏷߇೙㒢ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽ߘߩ․⦡ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬ੱᢥ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩ 3 㗔ၞߩ⍮⼂ࠍ஍ࠅߥߊりߦߟߌߐߖࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢⥄り߇‫ޟ‬ਥኾ᡹ߢߪ⥄ಽ߇૗ࠍቇ߮ߚ޿߆㧫‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆᤨ㑆ࠍ⥄↱ߦਈ߃ࠆߎߣࠍ߽
น⢻ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ╙ޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޕ‬3 ቇᐕᰴ߆ࠄߩਥኾ᡹⑼⋡߳ߩ⒖ⴕࠍࠬࡓ࡯
࠭ߦߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ฬ⒓߇‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ⑼ቇ࡮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇߣන⚐ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ฦ⑼ቇ㗔ၞౝߩ⚦㗄⋡߽න⚐ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ጁୃᣇᴺ߇ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦᲧߴߡኈᤃߥߎ
ߣ߽․ᓽߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ หࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߇ᜂᒰᢎຬ㧔ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯㧕ߣ⹤ߒว޿ࠍᜬߟ
ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ᳿ቯߢ߈ࠆߩ߽‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦߪߥ޿․⦡ߢ߽޽ࠅ‫␜ޔ‬ໂߦንࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ޿
߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
Ӌᎋ᝻૰
᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ✚วᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔1997㧕‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬㧔ᄢ✚࠮ࡦ࠲
࡯߽ߩߋࠄ߰ 1㧕᧻ᶆ⦟ల㧔2003㧕‫ࠧࠞࠪޟ‬ᄢቇ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޔ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫₹ޢ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ㇱ‫ޔ‬pp.264-281.
The University of Chicago (2004a), The life of the mind.
The University of Chicago (2004b), Courses & Programs of Study The College.
http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/ (2006/02/22)
http://www.college.uchicago.edu/ (2006/02/22)
http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/facts/ (2006/02/22)
http://www.uchicago.edu/ (2006/02/22)
ᴾ
දᴾ
㧝
㧞

http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resource/facts/ (2005/02/05)
2004 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 21 ᣣߦ‫ޔ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⻠Ꮷ㧕ߥࠄ߮ߦ㕍ጊ૫ઍ㧔㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ഥᚻ㧕߇‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߦߡࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯㧔೽ቇ⑼㐳㧦ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮࡚ࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭᳁㧕ࠍⴕ޿‫ࠍ⸃⷗ߩߎޔ‬ᓧߚ‫ޕ‬- 191 -

㧟

http://timeschedules.uchicago.edu/view.cfm?dept=FNDL&term=9 (2005/02/05)㧠⸒⺆⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮૕⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ขᓧන૏ߣߒߡࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻ߐࠇߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬තᬺⷐઙߣߒߡጁୃߒߥ
ߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧕㧡

http://www.college.uchicago.edu/academics/pdf/degree program wordsheet.pdf
㧔2006/02/22㧕㧢ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇቇ჻⺖⒟ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩቇୃⷐⷩߢ޽ࠆ”Course & Program of Study The
College”ߩ౨㗡ߢ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㧔Liberal Education㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⷗⸃߇ㅀߴ
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ᧄႎ๔ᦠᚲ෼ߩ⾗ᢱෳᾖߩߎߣ㧕㧣ߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ᦭ᔒߦࠃߞߡߪታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߒ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⡯ᄢቇ㒮㧔ࡠ࡯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤ㧕ߪታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮࡚ࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭᳁߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠃࠅ㧔2004/11/21㧕

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 ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇ㑐ଥ⾗ᢱ㧦ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ – Liberal Education at Chicago –㧔ᛞ⸶㧦㕍ጊ૫ઍ㧕ߎߩ 100 ᐕ߽ߩ޽޿ߛ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߪ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㕟ᣂ⊛࡝࡯࠳࡯ߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1930 ᐕઍએ᧪‫޿߆⚦ߪࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ὐߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙዋᄌᦝ߇޽ߞߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬⍮⊛ၮ␆ߪំࠄ޿ߢ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩቇㇱᢎ⢒ߪ‫ߩߊ߅߅ޔ‬ቇ໧㗔ၞ߆ࠄߥࠆࠦࡕࡦ࡮ࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄ
ߪߓ߹ࠆ‫ޔߪࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦ࡮ࡦࡕࠦޕ‬ᛕ್⊛ត᳞ߥࠄ߮ߦ⍮⼂ߩ⊒⷗ߩᯏળࠍឭଏ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠧࠞࠪޕ‬ᄢቇߩ㧝‫ޔ‬㧞ᐕ↢ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㧔৻⥸ᢎ⢒㧕ߩ෩ᩰߥࠦࠕߦኻߔࠆ᳗ᐕߦ
ࠊߚࠆ௑ୟߪ‫ࠍ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹࡞࠽ࠫ࡝ࠝޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߒ‫ߦ࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߦၮߠ޿ߚ
⁛ഃ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠍ♽⛔┙ߡߡㅀߴࠆߣ޿߁࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥଔ୯ߦ㊀ὐࠍ߅޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㧔ᄢቇߩߪߓ߼ߩ 2 ᐕ㑆㧕ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂㧔information㧕ߩવ㆐ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᩮᧄ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠍឭ⿠ߒ‫ޔ‬ᗵߓࠆߎߣ‫ޔߡߒߘޔ‬ᐢ޿⷗⼂ࠍ߽ߞߚᏒ᳃␠ળߩ৻ຬߣߒߡߩᛕ್⊛‫ޔ‬ಽᨆ⊛‫ޔ‬ߘߒߡᦠߊജࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㧔৻⥸ᢎ⢒㧕߇‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ⍮⊛໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߩၮ␆ࠍឭଏߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩਥኾ᡹ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔the major program㧕㧔વ⛔⊛ߥቇ໧㗔ၞ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫޽ޔ‬ࠆ޿ߪᜰዉᢎຬߣߣ߽ߦ⹜ߺࠄࠇߚቇ↢⥄りߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦࠃࠆ৻㘑ᄌࠊߞߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߥ
ߤߢ㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᣿⏕ߥኾ㐷㗔ၞߢߩ㜞ᐲߥ⍮⼂ߩ₪ᓧ߇ਥᒛߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥኾ᡹ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐢ▸࿐ߥቇⴚ⊛⎇ⓥࠍᚻᲑߣߒߡ‫ⶄޔ‬㔀ߥ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒ‫ޔ‬ᑯ⼔ߔࠆߣ޿ߞߚ‫߽ߡߣޔ‬⾆㊀ߥᯏળࠍቇ↢ߚߜߦਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߪ‫ߦ߮ࠄߥࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠕࠦ࡮ࡦࡕࠦޔ‬ਥኾ᡹ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߛߌߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᢎຬߚߜߪ‫ޔ‬⍮ᕈߩᚑᾫߣ⥄┙ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱߢߩ⍮⊛㗔ၞߩ⺞ᩏߥࠄ߮ߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ਄ᔅⷐߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⿥⿧ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡჇᒝߐࠇࠆߣାߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘ ޕ‬ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡‫ޔ߁޿ߣޠ‬ਥኾ᡹ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߪ೎ߩ‫߆ߩ߽ߩઁޔߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ࠄขࠅ಴ߐࠇߚࠦ࡯ࠬ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߩᗧ๧ߢߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ⷐߥᕷ็ߣࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍឭଏߔࠆߚ
߼ߦ㐿⸳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ߚߒ┙⁛ߪࠄࠇߘޔ‬ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖቇୃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߅ࠃ߮╙ੑᄖ࿖⺆ߩᔕ↪࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬‫࡝ࠞޔߪޠࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࠧࠞࠪޟ‬ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓో૕ߩ 3 ಽߩ 1 ߇‫ޟ‬ㆬᛯ⑼⋡‫ߢޠ‬භ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆᄢ‛㧔࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮࡟ࠗ࠾࡯࡮ࡂ࡯ࡄ࡯‫࠽ࠗࡔ࡮࠻࡯ࡃࡠޔ‬࡯࠼࡮ࡂ࠶࠴ࡦࠬ߅ࠃ߮ࠛ࠼ࡢ࡯࠼࡮࡟ࡆࠄ㧕߇ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩቇㇱࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ࠧࠞࠪޔ‬ᄢቇߢߩᢎ⢒ߪ‫ߩࠅߣ߭ߡߒߞߌޔ‬ዧജߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬߻ߒࠈ‫ޔ‬‫ߡ޿ߡߞ߽ޟ‬ଔ୯ߩ޽ࠆ⍮⼂‫ߦޠ‬లߡࠄࠇߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫৻ޔ‬ㅪߩቇ↢⸛⺰ߥࠄ߮ߦ⛘߃㑆ߥ޿ౣ⹜㛎ߩᚑᨐߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔߪࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬లߡࠄࠇߚ⍮⊛౨㒾ߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 193 -

㧔ේᢥ㧕For a century the College of the University of Chicago has been a innovative leader inliberal education in the United States. Since the 1930s the curriculum of the College
has varied in its details, but its intellectual foundations have been constant.
Undergraduate education at Chicago begins with a common core curriculum,
conducted from the standpoint of multiple disciplines but beholden to none, which
provides opportunities for critical inquiry and the discovery of knowledge. Chicago’s
longstanding commitment to a rigorous core of general education for first- andsecond-year students emphasizes the unique value of studying original texts and of
formulating original problems based on the study of those texts. The objective of ourfaculty-taught general education courses – which constitute the major component of thefirst two years in the College – is not to transfer information, but to raise fundamental
questions and to encourage those habits of mind and those critical, analytical, andwriting skills that are most urgent to a well-informed member of civil society.
Just as general education provides a foundation for addressing key intellectual
questions, the major program of study insists upon depth of knowledge andsophistication in a defined field – whether a traditional academic discipline, aninterdisciplinary program, or, in unusual cases, a program of the student’s own design
undertaken in conjunction with a tutor. Majors afford students invaluable opportunities
to develop and defend complex arguments by means of extended scholarly research.
Liberal education does not, however, end with the core and the major. The faculty has
always believed that maturity and independence of mind are enhanced by exploration
in intellectual universes outside or transcending required programs of study. Electives –that is, courses drawn from other majors, independent research projects, programs ofoverseas study, and advanced training in a second language – provide a breath and abalance that is critical to a true liberal education. Hence the Chicago curriculum allows
up to one-third of a student’s academic work to consist of electives that will build upon
the work of our general-education courses, but do so on more advanced and more
focused levels.
Many national figures in higher education have been identified with Chicago’s
undergraduate curriculum – including William Rainey Harper, Robert Maynard
Hutchins, and Edward Levi – but learning at Chicago has never been the province of
one person or one vision. Rather, the curriculum devoted to “the knowledge most worth
having,” and the critical cast of mind that it develops, has been the product of- 194 -

generations of collegial debate and constant re-examination, processes which arethemselves a part of the intellectual adventure to which the curriculum is devoted.
಴ౖ㧦http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/liberal/index.shtml㧔06/03/22㧕

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㧠࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ

- 199 -- 200 -- 201 -- 202 -- 203 -- 204 -- 205 - ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⸰໧⺞ᩏ⺞ᩏᣣᤨ㧦2005 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 22 ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ኻᔕ⠪㧦㜞᧖⧷৻᳁㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳㧕          ጊᚑᢙ᣿᳁㧔ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ᝼㧕⺞ᩏ⠪㧦ᄐ⋡㆐਽‫ޔ‬㠽ዬ᦮ሶ㧔એ਄‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ᵏώỊẳỜỆᴾᄢ㒋ᄢቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᄢ᏷ᡷ⸓ࠍߦࠄߺ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ᡷ㕟᩺ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⸰ᧄޕ‬໧⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ᭴ᗐߣ‫ޔ⾰․ߩߘޔ‬ታᣉ૕೙ߩᢛ஻ߦߟ޿ߡࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᵐώ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲો᪃Ệếẟềᴾᴾᵐᵌᵏ ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲો᪃ỉႸႎỊ˴ẦẇࢼஹỉỽἼỿἷἻἲỆếẟềẆỄỉợạễዮਙầẰủẺỉẦẇᴾ
2007 ᐕᐲߩ㐿ᆎߦ߻ߌߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩⷐὐߪ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬ᢙߩࠬ࡝ࡓൻߣౣ✬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪ⪭ߣߐߥ޿ߎߣ߇ේೣ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣߩᢛวᕈࠍߪ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬4 ᐕ㑆ࠍㅢߓߡታᣉߔࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣ૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚߣߺࠄࠇࠆቇ↢ߩ‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ‫ޟޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑߩߚ߼ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ᔅⷐ߆‫ⷰ߁޿ߣޔ‬ὐ߆ࠄ㐿⊒ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᱧผ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺߣ޿ߞߚၮ␆⊛ߥߎߣ߇ࠄࠍቇ߫ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫߇ޠ‬㜞޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᢎ㙃ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߣࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ⷗ߥߒߡ޿
ࠆ㧔ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ㧦‫߇ߜߚߒߚࠊޟ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣߒߡឝߍࠆߎߣߦߒߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩਃߟߩ⚛㙃ࠍߘߥ߃ߚੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਃߟߣߪ‫ޔ‬㧨ᢎ㙃㧪ߣ㧨࠺ࠩࠗࡦജ㧪ߣ㧨࿖㓙ᕈ㧪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇߩ૶๮߇㜞ᐲߥᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥߦ޽ࠆએ਄‫ߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩࡌ࡯ࠬߦߥ
ࠆߩ߇‫ߥ߆⏕ޔ‬ၮ␆ቇജߣ㜞ᐲߥኾ㐷⍮⼂ߩᒻᚑߢ޽ࠆߩߪ⸒߁ࠍ߹ߚߥ޿‫ࠇߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬એ਄ߦ‫␠ߡ߇߿ޔ‬ળੱߣߒߡ‫⎇ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡ‫␠ޔ‬ળߢᵴべߔߴ߈߭ߣߚߜߦ૗ࠍ
߅޿ߡ߽᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬㧨ᢎ㙃㧪ߣ㧨࠺ࠩࠗࡦജ㧪ߣ㧨࿖㓙ᕈ㧪ߢ޽ࠆߣࠊߚߒߚߜߪ
⠨߃ߚ‫ޕ‬
⧷⺆ߢ޿߃߫‫ޔ‬㧨ᢎ㙃㧪ߣߪ critical thinking㧔߽ߒߊߪ comprehensive knowledge
and learning㧕ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧨࠺ࠩࠗࡦജ㧪ߣߪ imagination ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧨࿖㓙ᕈ㧪ߣߪ transcultural communicability ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬㣐↰ᷡ৻‫ޔ߹޿ޟ‬ᡷ߼ߡᄢቇᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޠ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ഃㅧߣታ〣‫ޢ‬No.5‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ‫ޔ‬5 㗁‫ޕ‬㧕‫ޕ‬- 206 -

ᵐᵌᵐᴾ ૼỽἼỿἷἻἲ᧏ႆỉ˳Сίɶ࣎ểễẾẺ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ấợỎ‫ۀ‬ՃሁᵇỊỄỉợạễờỉẦẇ‫ܖٻ‬૙ᏋܱោἍὅἑὊỉࢫлỊỄỉợạễờỉẦẇᴾ ోቇ⊛ߥ૕೙ࠍᢝ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫✚ޕ‬㐳⋥ロߩᢎ⢒࡮ᖱႎቶ㧔೽ቇ㐳߇ቶ㐳㧕ߩਅߦ޽ࠆᢎ⢒⺖⒟ᆔຬળ㧔ోቇ⊛⚵❱㧕ߢታ⾰⊛ߥ⼏⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߩ೙ᐲ
⊛ߥߎߣ߇ࠄ߿ోቇߩቇᐕᥲߥߤ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪࠞ࡝
ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓડ↹ㇱ㐷߇ታ⾰⊛ߥឭ᩺ᯏ⢻ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޕ‬ડ↹ㇱ㐷ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᵴേߪ‫ޔ‬1㧚ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ฦቇㇱߩᢎ⢒ℂᔨࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱᮮᢿဳߩ㜞ᐲᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍోቇߦᐢߍࠆߚ߼ߩ⺞ᩏ࡮ડ↹‫ޕ‬2㧚ᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒߅ࠃ߮ਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ⷗⋥ߒ‫ޕ‬3㧚ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹ߩౣᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬4㧚ᢎຬ߅ࠃ߮ቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ᖱႎឭଏ‫ޔ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߪߘࠇߙࠇߩㇱዪ߇㐿⊒ߩ⽿છࠍ⽶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ౒
ㅢ⑼⋡ߩ㐿⊒ਥ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕᣂ⸳ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮࠺ࠩࠗࡦ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇⽶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵐᵌᵑᴾ ૼỽἼỿἷἻἲ᧏ႆỉ৖ඥỊỄỉợạễờỉẦẇ‫ܖ‬ϋỉನ঺ՃίؓᘍᢿẆ૙ՃẆ‫ܖ‬ဃሁὸỉἝὊἌᛦ௹ởẆẸỉኽௐấợỎỽἼỿἷἻἲồỉӒପỉẝụ૾ሁỊỄỉợạỆᘍỪủẺẦẇᴾቇౝߩ᭴ᚑຬ߆ࠄߩ‫߇⋡⑼߁޿߁ߎޟ‬ᔅⷐߢߪߥ޿߆‫ߩߤߥޠ‬ឭ᩺߿࠾࡯࠭ߪ‫ޔ‬಴ߡߊࠇ߫᱑ㄫߒߚ޿‫ߦߊߣޕ‬㐿⊒ߦᢙᐕ߆߆ࠆ࿾๧ߥ⑼⋡㐿⊒߽ᡰេߒߚ޿‫ޔߪࠈߎߣߩ߹޿ޕ‬࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߿ၫⴕㇱ߇⦟޿ߣᕁߞߚ⑼⋡ࠍࠝࡈࠔ࡯ߔࠆ‫ޕߚ߆ࠅ߿߁޿ߣޔ‬ᄢቇߩᣇ㊎㧔ኻ⹤ജ㧕ߦᾖࠄߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⑼⋡ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆ‫޿ߚ޿ߛޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߢߪ߼ߤ߇ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹ᓟߪ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߦ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦኻߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫⾰ࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬໧੐㗄ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߦ໧߁ߎߣࠍ߿ࠅߚ޿‫ޕ‬ቇㇱߩኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒߇࠼࠶ࠠࡦࠣߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ࠍߣߎߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߦⷐ⺧ߔࠆߩ߆ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩቇ↢ߣߒߡ‫ߪߣߎ߁޿߁ߎޔ‬⍮ߞߡ߅߆ߥߌࠇ߫޿ߌߥ޿‫ߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ࠍߜ߾ࠎߣᦠ޿ߡ߽ࠄ߁‫⇐ߒߛߚޕ‬ᗧߔߴ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬໧㗴ߪߎ߁޿ߞߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏࠍ߆ߌߡ߽‫ޔ‬࿁╵ߪㇱዪߩ୘ੱ߇ⴕ߁႐ว߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪ⚵❱ߣߒߡߩ✚ᗧߢߪߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ⢒ᖱႎቶ߇ࡃ࠶ࠢࠕ࠶ࡊߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߇ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍߣߞߡ૗ᐲ߆➅ࠅ㄰ߒ⺞ᩏߔࠆߒ߆ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㇱዪ㐳߿▤ℂ⠪߆ࠄᜰ␜ࠍ߅ࠈߒߡ߽ߩߏߣࠍ
ㅴ߼ࠆߎߣߪᲧセ⊛߿ࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬૕㛎⊛⺖㗴ㅊⓥဳ᝼ᬺࠍ 5 ᐕ㑆ታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᐕ㑆⚂ 1 ජਁ౞ߢㆇ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ߇‫࡝ࡀࡦࡑޔ‬ൻߒߡ߈ߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣ
ߢ੍▚ⷐ᳞ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ࡑࡦࡄࡢ࡯ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪ߇⃻࿷ᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆࠦࡑᢙࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢวᗧ
ࠍߪ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕᐲߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߪ⑼⋡ᢙߩࠬ࡝ࡓൻ߇ⷐὐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠬޕ‬࡝ࡓൻߒߚߣߎࠈߩ૛೾ߩࡑࡦࡄࡢ࡯ࠍᣂߒ޿⑼⋡ߦ㈩ಽߒ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߩ޿߹એ਄ߩ⽶ᜂߪჇ߿ߐߥ޿‫⾗⊛ੱ߁޿ߣޔ‬Ḯߩㆇ↪ߩၮᧄᣇ㊎ࠍߣߞߚ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㊄߿ࡑࡦࡄࡢ࡯ߢߩࠬ

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ࠢ࡜࠶ࡊ࡮ࠕࡦ࠼࡮ࡆ࡞࠻ࠍᏱᤨⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ᚻᴺ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢߪ‫౒ޟޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߪᓎߦ┙ߟ㧫‫⃻ޔߢࡑ࡯࠹߁޿ߣޠ‬ᓎቇ↢ߩኻ⺣ࠍડ↹ታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬1‫ޔ‬2 ᐕ↢ߩᧄ㖸ࠍតߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ෳ⠨⾗ᢱ㧦‫ޟ‬ኻ⺣Υ ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߪᓎߦ┙ߟ㧫‫ޠ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߛࠃࠅ‫✬ޠ‬㓸ᆔຬળ‫౒ޡ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߛࠃࠅ‫ޢ‬
No.28‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 9 ᦬‫ޔ‬2-5 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ᵑώ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉϋܾấợỎನᡯỆếẟềᴾᴾᵑᵌᵏ ỽἼỿἷἻἲẆἅὊἋẆ̾К੉ಅỉႸႎỊẆẸủẹủỄỉợạỆᚨ‫ܭ‬ẲềẟỦỉẦẇᴾ ਄ㅀߒߚ‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑࠍᄢ߈ߥ⋡ᮡߦߔ߃‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡⊛ࠍᜬߟ⑼⋡⟲߿ࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ㆡᒰ߆‫ࠍߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᄢቇၫⴕㇱ߿ឭ᩺⠪ࠄ߇ᢎຬ㓸࿅ߦ⺑߈‫ޔ‬วᗧࠍᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻ⴕߩోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ
߅ࠅ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߩ඙ಽߪ‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ੱޔ‬㑆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧔ੱᮭ㑐ㅪ⑼⋡ࠍ฽߻㧕‫ޔ‬⸒⺆࡮ᖱႎᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧔ᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᖱႎಣℂᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧕‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯‫․ޔ‬೎⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ߩ⟲⋡⑼ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬᭴ᚑߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦߪࠃߊࠊ߆ࠄߥ
޿ฬ⒓ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁ߁‫޿ߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊޕ‬ฬ೨ߦ߅߈߆߃ߡౣ✬ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߊߣޕ‬ߦ‫ޔ‬ਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪጁୃߩ㕙ߢⲢㅢᕈ߇ૐ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦขࠅߚ޿⑼⋡߇ขࠇࠆࠃ
߁ߦᨵエᕈࠍ߽ߚߖࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬㜞ቇᐕ㈩ᒰߩᢎ㙃⑼⋡ࠍߟߊࠆߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᘙ ᵏᾉᴾ ྵ‫נ‬ỉμ‫ܖ‬σᡫ૙ᏋᅹႸᴾ ੉ಅᅹႸỉғЎᴾ

౒ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡             ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ ਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡              ኾ㐷ၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ ⸒⺆࡮ᖱႎᢎ⢒⑼⋡   ᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡   ᖱႎಣℂᢎ⢒⑼⋡ ੱ㑆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧔ੱᮭ㑐ㅪ⑼⋡ࠍ฽߻㧕 ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯
 ․೎⑼⋡
 ஜᐽ࡮ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡
χਗᾉᴾ ‫ܖٻ᧵ٻ‬Ẓ࠯঺ ᵏᵕ ࠰ࡇᴾ μ‫ܖ‬σᡫ૙ᏋᅹႸ‫̲ޗ‬ỉ৖ࡽᴾ ᵐᵎᵎᵓẓợụ˺঺ᴾ

ౕ૕⊛ߥᡷ⸓᩺㧔ᥳቯ᩺㧕ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ᭴ᚑߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣੱ㑆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫․ޔ‬೎⑼⋡ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ࠍౣ✬ߒ‫ޔ‬A.ᢎ㙃ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޟ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢ- 208 -

ቇ߇ᠩߔࠆᣢᚑߩኾ㐷ฦಽ㊁ߩࠛ࠶࠮ࡦࠬ⊛ߥ߽ߩࠍ‫౉ޡ‬㐷‫ޢ‬‫ޡ‬ၮ␆⊛ᢎ㙃‫ޡߪ޿ࠆ޽ޢ‬ᕁ⠨ജ‫ߩޢ‬ᶩ㙃ߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߆ࠄಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ⻠ߓ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߦᒰ⹥㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᱜߒ޿⍮⼂ࠍឭଏߒ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ᒰ⹥㗔ၞ߇߽ߟᗧ⟵ࠍℂ⸃ߐߖࠆ‫ߪ⋡⑼ᧄޕ‬ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩਛᩭߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ߩޠ‬߽ߣߩ A㧦ੱᢥ⑼ቇ߿ฎౖ⊛ᢎ㙃‫ޔ‬A1㧦ℂቇ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬A2㧦ᢥ♽ቇ↢߇ኻ⽎ߩ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ߩ㧟ߟߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯‫ޔ‬B.⃻ઍᢎ㙃⑼⋡㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆⲢวဳ⑼⋡㧕‫ੱޟ‬ᮭ‫ޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤ࠾ࡘࡒࠦޔ‬ዋᐕ‽⟋‫ޔ‬ᐜఽ⯦ᓙ╬‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ␠ળ߇ᛴ߃ࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ໧㗴ࠍᄢ㒋ᄢቇ߇ᠩߔࠆᄙᓀߥኾ㐷㗔ၞ߆ࠄᄙⷺ⊛ߦ⻠ߓ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍࠍ↢߈ࠆቇ↢߇หᤨઍߩⶄ㔀߆ߟ࿎㔍ߥ⁁ᴫߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫ޔޠޕ‬C.࿖㓙ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫⃻ޟ‬ઍࠍ↢߈዁᧪ࠍᜂ߁‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ൻᤨઍߦኻᔕߒ߁
ࠆળ⹤‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃‫ߩ╬࡯࠽ࡑޔ‬⢻ജ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⍮ᕈߩᶩ㙃ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫⺆⸒ޕ‬ᢥൻ㧦⸒⺆ߩᚑࠅ┙ߜߣߘߩᱧผ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ࿖⺰㧦ㄭઍ࡮⃻ઍผߣ਎⇇ߩਛߩᣣᧄߥߤ߽฽߻‫ޕ‬ೋୃᄖ࿖⺆ߩ೥ᷫߦઃ㓐ߒߡឭ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޡ‬࿖㓙ᢎ㙃‫ߦߎߎ߽ޢ‬฽߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޔޠ‬D.వ┵ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ޟ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ߇ᠩߔࠆᣢᚑߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ฦಽ㊁ߩᦨవ┵ߩ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫࠍಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ⻠ߓߡ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߣ޿߁༡ߺߩ㝯ജ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㉑㉓๧ࠍવ߃ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᢎຬએᄖߦ߽‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߢᵴべߔࠆੱ‫߆ޘ‬ࠄቇ߱‫ޕ‬‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᄢ߈ߥ㧠ߟߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ጁୃߩᣇᑼߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ቇ↢ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬A ߣ A2 ߩ 2 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬B ߢ 1 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬C ߣ D ߩߤߜࠄ߆ 1⑼⋡ߩว⸘ 4 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ቇ↢ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬A ߣ A1 ߩ 2 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬B ߢ 1 ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬C ߣ D ߩߤߜࠄ߆
1 ⑼⋡ߩว⸘ 4 ⑼⋡‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ጁୃᣇᴺߦߥࠆ‫ ࠄࠇߎޕ‬4 ⑼⋡ࠍࡒ࠾ࡑࡓߣߒߡ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ㇱዪߦࠃߞߡᔅୃ⑼⋡߇⺖ߐࠇࠆ‫✚ޕ‬ᨒߩ⑼⋡න૏ᢙߪ⃻ⴕߩ߽ߩߣᄌࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㈩ಽࠍᄌ
ᦝߒߚጁୃᣇᑼ᩺ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬A‫ޔ‬B‫ޔ‬C‫ޔ‬D ߩ㧠ߟߩ⑼⋡⟲ߩ㈩೉ࠍᎿᄦߔࠆ
ߎߣߢ‫ࡊ࠶ࡖࠠࠄߐߣߎޔ‬೙㧔නᐕᐲߩጁୃ⑼⋡ᢙߩ਄㒢ࠍ⸳ቯ㧕ߥߤߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍណࠆ
ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㈩೉਄‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩ⑼⋡ᢙߒ߆ขࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ઀⚵ߺߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬౒ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߩࠢ࡜ࠬⷙᮨߪ‫ ޿ߚ޿ߛޔ‬80 ߆ࠄ 90 ੱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߪ 150 ੱⷙᮨߩࠢ࡜ࠬ߇޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᷫࠄߒߡ߈ߚ⚻✲߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߟߣ߭ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᄬᢌߛߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢੱᢙߢ߽‫ޔ‬ขࠅߚ޿ߣ޿߁ቇ↢ߩᏗᦸࠍ߆ߥ߃ࠆᣇ߇ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡߪ⦟޿ߣ್ᢿߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪ‫ ߪߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬6 ⑼⋡ 6 න૏ߩขᓧࠍ⺖ߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓᩺ߢߪ 1 ⑼⋡ᷫࠄߒߚ 5 ⑼⋡ࠍ⺖ߔߎߣ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᷫࠄߒߚ 1 ⑼⋡ಽߩ㕖Ᏹൕ㧔⚂ 50㨪60 ฬ㧕ࠍ೥ᷫߒ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߥ⧷⺆⑼⋡㧔ESP ߿ኾ㐷⧷⺆ߥߤ㧕ࠍߟߊࠅߛߒ‫ߦߎߘޔ‬㕖Ᏹൕࠍౣ㈩ಽߔࠆ‫✚ޕ‬ᨒߣߒߡߪᷫࠄߐߕ‫ޔ‬ౣ㈩⟎ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢᣂߚߥ⑼⋡ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᡷ⸓᩺ߩ߭
ߣߟߩ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫⺆ߦ߆ߥߩޠ‬ቇߩ⑼⋡ࠍߟߊࠅ‫⺆ߦߎߘޔ‬ቇߩ㕖Ᏹൕࠍ㈩ಽߔࠆ᩺
߽޽ࠆ‫ޔߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬㕖Ᏹൕᨒࠍᷫࠄߐߕߦᨵエߦㆇ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⺆ቇ♽ߩ⑼⋡ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠍ࠻࡞ࡆ࡮࠼ࡦࠕ࡮ࡊ࠶࡜ࠢࠬޕ‬Ᏹᘒൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ၮᧄ⊛ߦᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬3 ⑼⋡ 3 න૏ߪᔅୃߢ‫ߪ߆߶ߩߘޔ‬ᅢ߈ߥ⑼⋡ࠍขࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ᡷ⸓ߔࠆ੍ቯ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩߥ߆ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ೋୃ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ਛ⚖⑼⋡ߥߤ‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧൻ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߛ
ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
TOEFL ߪ৻ᐕ↢ߩᄐભߺߦోቇ↢㧔ℂ♽ቇㇱߪ 2 ᐕᰴߦ߽ TOEFL-ITP ࠍฃ㛎㧕ߦᄢ
ቇ⽶ᜂߢฃ㛎ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬዁᧪⊛ߦߪ౉ቇᤨߦ⥄Ꮖ⽶ᜂߢฃ㛎ߐߖ‫ ߦࠄߐޔ‬3 ᐕᰴ⚳ੌᤨ- 209 -

ὐߦᄢቇ⽶ᜂߢฃ㛎ߐߖ‫ޔ‬િ߮ࠍࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ߩ౉⹜߿ዞ⡯ߦ૶߃ࠆߩߢ᦭ലߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵑᵌᵐ ‫ᧉݦ‬૙Ꮛểỉ᧙̞ίϋܾɥỉᡲዂẆ଺᧓ᣐЎẆܱ଀‫࠰ܖ‬ὸửỄỉợạỆᚨ‫ܭ‬ẲềẟỦỉẦẇ
‫ᧉݦ‬૙Ꮛểỉ᧙̞ỂӲ‫ܖ‬ᢿỉॖᙸỊ‫ٶ‬ಮỂẝỦể࣬ỪủỦầẆẸỉॖᙸᛦૢỊỄỉợạỆᡶỜềẟỦỉẦẇᴾ
ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓડ↹ㇱ㐷ߦኾ㐷ቇㇱ߆ࠄߩᢎຬ㧔౗છ㧕߇ෳ↹ߒ‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⷞὐߦ┙ߞߡ⼏⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߣ࿖㓙ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ቇᐕ㈩ᒰ㧔3㧘
4 ᐕ↢ߢㅳ 1 ࠦࡑߥ޿ߒ 2 ࠦࡑ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱࠍ⿥߃ߚ౒ㅢߩᤨ㑆Ꮺ㧕ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵑᵌᵑ ૙᫱૙Ꮛỉܱ଀˳Сίܱ଀ᝧ˓ᢿ‫ޅ‬Ẇਃ࢘૙ՃẆᵲᵟ ሁὸỊỄỉợạỆẲềẟỦỉẦẇᴾ ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪᔅୃߢߪߥߊㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪᜂᒰߔ
ࠆᢎຬߩቇㇱએᄖߩቇ↢߽ฃ⻠ߔࠆቇㇱᮮᢿ⊛ߥᕈᩰߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᡷ߼‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ฦㇱዪ߇⽿છࠍᜬߞߡߘࠇߙࠇߩㇱዪߩቇ↢ߩࠤࠕࠍⴕ߁⑼⋡ߦ૏⟎ߠߌߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⥄ޟ߫ࠊ޿ޕ‬ಽߩߣߎࠈߩቇ↢ߪ⥄ಽߩߣߎࠈߢ㕙ୟࠍߺࠆ૕೙‫޿ߣޠ‬߃ࠆ‫ޔߪߩ߁޿ߣޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߥߦ߆ߩ⍮⼂ࠍりߦߟߌߐߖࠆࠃࠅߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ᩞߣߪଔ୯
ⷰߩ㆑߁ᄢቇߢ⋡⊛ࠍᣧߊߺߟߌࠆߎߣࠍഥߌߚࠅ‫ޔ‬േᯏઃߌߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ࠍࠤࠕߔࠆᣇ߇
޿߹ߪߛ޿ߓߥ໧㗴ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁್ᢿ߆ࠄ‫ߩߡߴߔޕ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ᵴേࠍߥࠎࠄ
߆ߩᲑ㓏ߢࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢᖱႎࠍๆ޿਄ߍࠆ઀⚵ߺߦߒߚ޿‫࡜ࠢ৻ޕ‬ࠬ 10㨪20 ฬ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴߩ╙ 1 ࠮ࡔࠬ࠲࡯ߦ㐿⻠ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖߚ޿‫ޕ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ
ࠠࡖ࡜ࠢ࠲࡯㧔ታ㛎ਥ૕‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠹ࡦ࠯࡟ࡊޔ‬ਛᔃߥߤ㧕ߦಽ㘃ߒߡឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽ᬌ⸛‫ޕ‬ᵑᵌᵒᴾ ૙᫱૙Ꮛỉᚸ̖ίᚸ̖ਃ࢘ኵጢẆᚸ̖৖ඥẆഏ஖ᚘဒồỉἧỵὊἛἢἕἁሁὸửỄỉợạỆ
ẲềẟỦỉẦẇᴾ ⃻ⴕߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ᝼ᬺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⹏ଔߪ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߣ޿߁ᣇᴺߢታᣉߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޕ‬ᡷ⸓ᓟߩ⹏ଔᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߪߪߞ߈ࠅߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬୘೎ߩ᝼ᬺߩലᨐ᷹
ቯࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߥ࠺࡯࠲ߢⴕ߁߆ߪᧂቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟޕ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫߇ޠ‬ᒻᚑߐࠇߚ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍߤߩࠃ
߁ߦ᷹ࠆ߆‫ᧂߪࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߘޔ‬ቯߢ޽ࠅߎࠇ߆ࠄߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ోޔߛߚޕ‬ቇߩනᐕᐲ
ߩ⸘↹ߦᾖࠄߒߚ⹏ଔᵴേߪᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢታᣉߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵒώᴾ ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉཎࣉὉᛢ᫆ሁỆếẟềᴾᴾᵒώᾀᴾ ᄂᆮ‫ܖٻ‬ỆấẬỦ૙᫱૙ᏋểẲềỉᛢ᫆ỊỄỉợạễờỉểᎋảềẟỦẦẇᴾ ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍㅢߓߡ㧔ᄢ㒋㧕ᄢቇߣߒߡߩ‫ࠍޠ࡯࡜ࠞޟ‬಴ߔߎߣߛߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ත- 210 -

ᬺ↢߇␠ળߩ࡝࡯࠳࡯ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ߡࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬๟ࠅߩੱ߇ᐘߖߦߥߞߡߪߓ߼ߡ
⥄ಽ߇ᐘߖߦߥࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆੱࠍ⢒ߡࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫⋡ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ᮡ߇㕖Ᏹߦࠊ߆ࠅߠࠄߊ‫ޔ‬૗ߩߚ߼ߦീᒝߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߺ߃ߦߊߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⃻࿷ߩ␠ળߢ
ߪ‫ߩੱઁޔ‬ᐘߖࠍ⠨߃ߥ߇ࠄ␠ળߢᓎߦ┙ߡࠆੱ‛ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߛߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߔޕ‬ߥࠊߜ‫ޟޔ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ޔ߽ߘ߽ߘޕࠆߥߦ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠ߇ޠ࡯࠳࡯࡝ޟߣޠ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣ޿߁߽ߩ
ߪ৻↢⛯ߌߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ࠄߢ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ 4 ᐕ㑆ߢቢ⚿ߔࠆߎߣߢߪߥ޿‫⥄ޕ‬ಽߩኾ㐷
એᄖߩಽ㊁ߩߎߣ߽ᐢߊ⍮ߞߡ߅ߊᄢಾߐࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵒᵌᵐᴾ ‫ܖٻ᧵ٻ‬ỉ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉཎᑥỊỄỉợạễờỉểᎋảềẟỦẦẇᴾ
ߣߊߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ႐วߪ‫ߩ࡯ࠖ࠹ࠛ࡜ࡃߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬᏷ࠍᐢߍ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩฃ⻠Ꮧᦸߦᔕ߃ࠆࠃ
߁ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߿㐿⻠૕೙ࠍ⚵߻‫ੱޕ‬ᢙ೙㒢ࠍߣ߽ߥ߁ฃ⻠⺞ᢛࠍߔࠆࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢੱᢙ⻠⟵ߢᄙߊߩቇ↢ߩฃ⻠Ꮧᦸࠍ߆ߥ߃ࠆᣇ߇ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߦߪㆡߒߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎຬߩ஥߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᄢੱᢙ⻠⟵ߩᜂᒰߦኻߔࠆਇḩߪ಴ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ✚วᄢቇߩ․ᓽࠍᵴ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱᮮᢿ⊛ߥቇ↢߇Ⲣวߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߐ߹ߑ߹ߥቇ↢ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߣ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ೎ߦಽߌߚࠢ࡜ࠬߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵓώᴾ Ẹỉ˂ᴾ⃻࿷‫ޟޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᅑቇ㊄‫ޠ‬೙ᐲࠍዉ౉ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫౏ޕ‬൐೙‫✚ޕ‬㗵 1,000 ਁ౞‫ޕ‬50 ฬࠍណ↪‫ޕ‬ጁୃ⊓㍳߿ౣጁୃ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⡯⑼⋡ߩጁୃᣇᴺ߿⾗ᩰขᓧߦ㑐ߔࠆ⋧⺣‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ㅴ〝ᜰዉࠍឭଏߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬቶ‫⺣⋧ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄߌ⸳߇ޠ‬૕೙ߪ‫ࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ࠬቶᢎຬ߇ 16 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬߪ᝼ᬺߩ޽ࠆᣣߩඦᓟ 2 ᤨ 30 ಽ߆ࠄ 4 ᤨ 30 ಽ߹ߢኻᔕߒ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᜂછ߿‫ޟ‬ቇ↢⋧⺣ቶ‫߽ߣޠ‬ㅪ៤ࠍߣߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2007 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩᢎ⢒ቇ⠌ⅣႺᢛ஻ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ੍ቯߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂቇോᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩⒿ௛‫ޔ‬ోቇ↢ߦࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߩ⾼౉ࠍ⺖ߔߎߣ‫ޔ‬ή✢ LAN ߩዉ౉ࠍߪ߆ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬WebCT ࠍዉ౉㧔᝼
ᬺߢ IT ࠍ↪޿‫⾰ޔ‬໧߿ㅪ⛊‫ޔ‬ኻ⹤ࠍᵴ⊒ߦߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ࿑㧕ߔࠆߎߣ‫߇ߤߥޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬IT ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ୘‫ߩޘ‬᝼ᬺᡷༀߥߤߩ FD ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߪᩰᅢ㧔઀⚵ߺ㧕ࠍߟߊࠆߚ߼ߦߪᒝ޿๮઎♽⛔߇ᔅⷐߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ㆇ↪ߩ઀ᣇߣ߆઀⚵ߺߩਛりߦߟ޿ߡߪߘࠇ߆ࠄߟߊߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ᗧ࿑ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢߆ࠄߩᦠ߈ㄟߺࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚᢎຬߣߩኻ⹤ࠍ
ଦㅴߒߚ޿‫ߩߘޕߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺߩ႐ߥߤߢ෺ᣇะ⊛ߥኻ⹤ߦߟߥߍߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ᵔώᴾ ᚧբᛦ௹ẦỤỉᅆՐᴾ
ᴾ
ᵔᵌᵏᴾ ૙᫱૙ᏋỉႸ೅ểφ˳ႎễỽἼỿἷἻἲỉૢӳࣱỆếẟềᴾ ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬ᢎ㙃‫ࡦࠗࠩ࠺ޟޔޠ‬ജ‫ޟޔޠ‬࿖㓙ᕈ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߍ޽ࠍޠ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⋡ᮡߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎޕࠆ޿ߡߍ޽ࠍޠ‬ᮡߪߘࠇߥ

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ࠅߦ⚊ᓧߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޔߦ߆ߒߚޕ‬ઍ␠ળߦ↢߈‫ޔ‬ᰴ਎ઍࠍᜂ߁ੱ㑆ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆ਄ߢ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬⢻ജߥࠅ⾗⾰ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߚߛߒ‫ߪߡߒߣࡦࠟ࡯ࡠࠬߥ⊛⥸৻ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔߡߒߣ߫ߣߎޔ‬ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߪᔅߕߒౕ߽૕⊛ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒޿߇ߚ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ኻ⹤ജߣߪ޿߆ߥࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬⢻ജ࡮⾗⾰ࠍߐߔߩ߆‫ޟߪࠇߘޕ‬ᢎ㙃‫ޔޠ‬‫ࡦࠗࠩ࠺ޟ‬ജ‫ޟޔޠ‬࿖㓙ᕈ‫߽ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ห᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޟޔ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎߪޠ‬ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚߣߩ್ᢿ߇␜ߐࠇߚ߇‫್ߩߘޔ‬ᢿߣߥߞߡ
޿ࠆቇ↢ߩኻ⹤ജߩ⃻⁁߿⋡ᮡ╬ߦߟ޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⠨ኤ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬ߚߣ߃߫‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߚߜߩ‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬᳓Ḱߪߤߩ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆߩ߆‫ߩߤޔ‬⒟ᐲߩ᳓Ḱࠍㆡᱜߣߒ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠇ߫ߘߩ₪ᓧࠍᅹߍߡ޿ࠆⷐ࿃ߣߪ૗ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ߘߩస᦯╷ߣߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠆߩ߆‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߣߎ߁޿ߣޔ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩὐ߇᣿⏕ߦߥࠄߥ޿ߣ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ᒻᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇ╷߽᣿⏕ߐࠍᰳߊߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޔߪߢ⹤߅ߚߞુޕ‬ኻ⹤ജߩᒻᚑߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ╬ߩၮ␆⊛ߥߎߣ߇ࠄࠍቇ߱ߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ߪࠄ߇ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ၮ␆⊛ߥౝኈߢ޽ࠆ߇ࠁ߃ߦ․ቯߩ⢻ജ࡮⾗⾰ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ࠅߥ߆ޔ‬⢻ജ࡮⾗⾰ߩᒻᚑࠍ߼ߑߔ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߆‫ޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ߇߼ߑߔߴ߈‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑߦᧄᒰߦ
ߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆‫ޔ‬ᄙዋ⇼໧ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩߎߣߣ߽߿߿㑐ㅪߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ࠛ࡜ࡃߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬࠹ࠖ࡯ߩ᏷ࠍᐢߍࠆߎߣ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ⑼⋡ࠍ㐿⻠ߔࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᔅ
ⷐᕈߪℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߒ‫✚ޔ‬วᄢቇߥࠄߢߪߩᒝߺߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬෻㕙‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍߟߨߦ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߒߥߌࠇ߫‫✬ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩߊ߆ߞߖޔ‬ᚑ૞ᬺ߿⑼⋡ᜂᒰߩᢎຬߩദജࠍ޿߆ߖߥ޿ὐߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
ᵔᵌᵐᴾ ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉನᡯỆ᧙ẴỦẮểầỤᴾ⃻ⴕߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᢎ⡯ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣ޿߁㧟ߟߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇ‫ోߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߪ౒ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡㧔ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߩ৻ㇱಽ㧕ߩㇱಽ߇⋧ᒰߔࠆߣߺߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬2007ᐕᐲߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓ߦ߻ߌ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒♽⑼⋡ߩ߁ߜߩਥ㗴೎ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫ੱޔ‬㑆ᢎ⢒⑼⋡‫․ޔ‬೎⑼⋡ߩౣ✬߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᡷ㕟ࠍ⽾ߊᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬1.ቇ↢ߦߣߞߡࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ
޿ฬ⒓ߩ⑼⋡⟲߳ߩ⚵ߺ߆߃‫ޔ‬2.ጁୃᣇᴺߩᨵエൻ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢޔ‬೨⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ࡘ࡜ࡓߩౝኈ㕙ߢߩᄢ߈ߥᄌᦝߪߥߊ‫ޟޔ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑߦᾖࠄߒߚᒝ⺞ὐߩᄌᦝߢ޽
ࠆߣߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩⷞὐߦ┙ߞߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౣ✬ߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬਄૏⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑߩࡈࠔ࡯ࠬ࠻ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬߹ߕߪቇ↢ߩ⥝๧㑐ᔃࠍ߭߈ߛߔࠃ߁ߥ⸷᳞ജߩᒝ޿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ᭴▽ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣߩ㗼ࠇߛߣߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣ߽ߔࠇ߫‫ߩࡦ࡝ࡊࠪࠖ࠺ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߣߒߡߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ㐿⊒ߐࠇ߇ߜߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ‫ޔ‬- 212 -

ߘߩฃߌᚻߢ޽ࠆቇ↢ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ⚵ߺߥ߅ߔߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵔᵌᵑᴾ ‫ᧉݦ‬૙Ꮛểỉ᧙̞ửᙻ᣼ỆλủẺμ‫ܖ‬ႎễ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉ᧏ႆỆếẟềᴾ ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߣኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߣߩ᦭ᯏ⊛ߥ㑐ଥࠍࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ਄ߢ޿߆ߦታ⃻ߒߡ޿ߊ߆╬‫ޔ‬ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑߩౕ૕⊛ߥᚻ⛯߈ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽චಽߥ⺑᣿߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ુߞߚ߅⹤ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓડ↹ㇱ㐷ߦኾ㐷ቇㇱ߆ࠄߩᢎຬ߇ෳ↹ߒ‫ޔ‬㐳ᦼ⊛ⷞὐߦ┙ߞߡ⼏⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߩߎߣߛ߇‫ౕߩߘޔ‬૕⊛ߥ⼏⺰߇ోቇࠍᏎ߈ㄟࠎߢዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ቇ↢ߩ⢻ജ࡮⾗⾰ߩ⃻⁁߿࠾࡯࠭ߩౝኈ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆᢎຬߩ஥ߩ᧦ઙ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߇᦭ߔࠆੱ⊛࡮‛ℂ⊛ߥ᧦ઙ╬ߦߟ޿ߡᱜ⏕ߦᛠីߔࠆߎߣ‫ߢ߃߁ߩߘޔ‬ቇ↢ߦឭଏߢ߈ࠆ
ᢎ⢒ౝኈ߿ᢎ⢒᧦ઙࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇‫✬ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᚑߦ޽ߚߞߡߪਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߒߡ‫ోޔߪߦ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ቇࠍᏎ߈ㄟࠎߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒰὼᄢ㒋ᄢቇߢ߽ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߦ޽ߚߞߡߘߩࠃ߁ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇ
ࠆ߇‫ࠍࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩߘޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫⺰ߩߢߎߘޔ‬ὐ߿⺖㗴ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟฬฎደᄢቇߢߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍᡷ㕟ߔࠆ਄ߢਇนᰳߥ૞ᬺߣߥࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
ᵔᵌᵒᴾ ૙᫱૙ᏋỽἼỿἷἻἲỉ᧏ႆỉ৖ඥỆếẟềᴾ┵⊛ߦ޿߃߫‫ޔ‬૛೾ੱຬߣ૛೾⾗㊄ߩౣ㈩ಽࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢᣂߒ޿⑼⋡߿ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ㐿⊒ࠍታ⃻ߐߖࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙‫ޔ‬ౣ㈩ಽࠍᡰ߃ࠆ⺰ℂߩᩭߣߥࠆߩߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ
⋡ᮡ㧔‫ޟ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻᚑ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᾖࠄߒߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩࠬࠢ࡜࠶ࡊ࡮
ࠕࡦ࠼࡮ࡆ࡞࠼߇ၫⴕㇱߩᒝജߥࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߢㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆቇ↢‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ╬ߩ࠾࡯࠭⺞ᩏ߿ᣢሽߩࠦ࡯
ࠬ‫⹏ߩ⋡⑼ޔ‬ଔ‫⚿ߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᨐߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒߳ߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߣ޿ߞߚ஥㕙ߪᒙ޿ߣᜰ៰ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫ޟޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ኻ⹤ജ‫ࠍޠ‬ᒻᚑߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ℂ↱ߣߥࠆᩮ᜚࠺࡯࠲㧔ᢙ㊂⊛㧕߇᣿⏕ߢߪߥߊ‫ߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ኻߔࠆචಽߥ✚᜝߇ߥߐࠇߚߩ߆ߤ߁߆߇⷗߃ߦߊ޿઀⚵ߺߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩឭ᩺ㇱ⟑ߩᒝജߥࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩ߽ߣ‫ߥࠬ࡯ࡓࠬޔ‬ㆇ↪ࠍ⷗⿧ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ㓸࿅ߩචಽߥวᗧࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᩮ᜚࠺࡯࠲ߩ㓸⚂ߣ㐿⊒߳ߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼
ࡃ࠶ࠢ૕೙߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᵔᵌᵓᴾ ἁἻἋᙹ೉Ệếẟềᴾ 㧝ࠢ࡜ࠬ޽ߚࠅߩቇ↢ᢙࠍᓥ᧪ߩ 150 ฬ߆ࠄ 80㨪90 ฬߦߒߡࠢ࡜ࠬⷙᮨࠍ❗ዊߒߚ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬㑆㆑޿ߛߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ᄢੱᢙߢ޽ߞߡ߽ጁୃߒߚ޿ቇ↢ߩᏗᦸࠍฟ߃ࠆᣇ߇
ቇ↢ߪ᱑ㄫߔࠆߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬ߆ࠄ߽ਇḩߩჿߪ਄߇ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫ⷙࠬ࡜ࠢޕ‬ᮨߩ᜛ᄢߪ‫ޔ‬㘃ૃߒߚౝኈߩ᝼ᬺߢ޽ࠇ߫㐿⸳ࠢ࡜ࠬࠍᷫዋߐߖࠆߎߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ಽ೎ߩ⒳㘃࡮ౝኈߩ⑼⋡ࠍ㐿⸳ߔࠆߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ోޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩౝኈࠍ⼾ንߦߔࠆน⢻- 213 -

ᕈࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ㆡᱜⷙᮨߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹏ଔࠍ⊛⏕ߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߢ߽ห᭽ߩ໧㗴߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߛߌߦ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇߢߩേะ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ӌᎋ᝻૰ấợỎӓᨼ᝻૰ᴾ
ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲ ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ߈ 2005‫ޢ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ഃㅧߣታ〣‫ޢ‬No.5‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߛࠃࠅ‫✬ޠ‬㓸ᆔຬળ‫౒ޡ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߛࠃࠅ‫ޢ‬No.28‫ޔ‬
2005 ᐕ 9 ᦬‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ ቇ↢ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻
ታᣉႎ๔ᦠ ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕᐲ 1 ቇᦼ‫ޢ‬2005 ᐕ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ╙৻࿁౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ-ⷞⷡᢎ᧚ࠍᵴ߆ߒߚ
ᣂߒ޿᝼ᬺߩ߆ߚߜ-‫ޢ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᢎຬ⎇ୃᡰេㇱ㐷ᐕႎ-FD ߩᣂߚߥࠆ࿾ᐔࠍᜏ
ߊ-‫ޢ‬Vol.1‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯♿ⷐ‫ ╙ޢ‬1 ภ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ‫ޕ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࠾ࡘ࡯࠭࡟࠲࡯‫ޢ‬No.4‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 1 ᦬‫ޕ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢ㒋ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࠾ࡘ࡯࠭࡟࠲࡯‫ޢ‬No.6‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕ 9 ᦬‫ޕ‬- 214 -

 ℄⃿ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩข⚵ߺ ዊḊථᄦ࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߡߒߦ߆޿ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᄢቇߩ․⦡ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߡ
޿ߊߩ߆‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱ℄⃿ᄢቇ㧔એਅ℄⃿ᄢቇߣ⇛⸥㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒‫ߩޠ‬੐଀ࠍขࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡߦߘߊߒ࿾ၞ㘑࿯߿ᢥൻߦᩮߑߒߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩㆇ↪ߦ⥋ࠆขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡߘߩ․ᓽࠍᢛℂߒߚ޿㧝‫ޕ‬ᾀώᴾ ඝ᪃ᴾ℄⃿ᄢቇߪ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱቇ↢ 7,008 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮↢ 920 ฬ‫ޔ‬ᢎຬᢙ 828 ฬ‫ޔ‬⡯ຬᢙ 868 ฬ㧔ᐔᚑ
16 ᐕᐲ㧕߆ࠄߥࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬หᄢቇߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ⚵❱ߪ‫⴫ޔ‬㧝ߦ␜ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬․ߦቇㇱߪᴺᢥ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ℂ‫ޔ‬ක‫ޔ‬Ꮏ‫ޔ‬ㄘߩ㧢ቇㇱ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⑼ߪੱᢥ␠ળ⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ቇ‫଻ޔ‬ஜቇ‫ޔ‬ㄘቇ߇ୃ჻⺖⒟ࠍ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ℂᎿቇ߇ඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟‫ޔ‬ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟‫ޔ‬කቇ߇ඳ჻⺖⒟ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᘙᾀᾉᴾ ྺྶ‫ܖٻ‬ỉ૙ᏋὉᄂᆮኵጢᴾቇㇱ

6 ቇㇱ‫ޔ‬19 ቇ⑼ᄢቇ㒮

7 ⎇ⓥ⑼‫ޔ‬28 ኾ᡹ઃዻ࿑ᦠ㙚ో࿖౒ห೑↪ᣉ⸳

1 ᣉ⸳㧔ᾲᏪ↢‛࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ቇౝ౒หᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᣉ⸳

6 ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

ቇౝ౒ห೑↪ᣉ⸳╬10 ᣉ⸳℄⃿ᄢቇߪ 1950 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 22 ᣣ‫☨ޔ‬ァ᡽ᐭߩᏓ઎ߦࠃߞߡഃ┙ߐࠇߚᏓ઎ᄢቇߣߒߡ㐿ቇߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢቇߩℂ੐ળߪァ᡽ᐭߦࠃߞߡછ๮ߐࠇߚᖱႎᢎ⢒ᆔຬ㧔ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ችฎ‫౎ޔ‬㊀ጊ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ᡽ᐭ߆ࠄㆬછߐࠇߚ⠪㧕ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬૑᳃ߩઍ⴫⠪ߦࠃߞߡㆇ༡ߐ
ࠇࠆߣ޿ߞߚ․ᓽࠍ᦭ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫⃿℄ޔ‬᡽ᐭ┙ᄢቇᤨઍ㧔1966 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 1 ᣣ㨪1972 ᐕ 5
᦬ 14 ᣣ㧕‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄ࿯ᓳᏫߦࠃࠅ࿖ߦ⒖▤ߐࠇߚ࿖┙ᄢቇᤨઍ㧔1972 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 15 ᣣ㨪2004 ᐕ
3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧕‫ޔ‬࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱ℄⃿ᄢቇᤨઍ㧔2004 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 1 ᣣ㨪㧕ߣ޿ߞߚᴪ㕟ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㧞‫ޕ‬℄⃿ᄢቇߪ㐿ቇᒰೋ߆ࠄࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ┙ᄢቇ(Michigan State University)ߣߩ㑆ߢขࠅ੤ࠊߐࠇߚᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓឭ
៤㧔1951 ᐕ㨪1968 ᐕ㧕ߦߘࠇࠍ⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓇ㗀ߪ࠮ࡔࠬ࠲࡯೙ᐲ߿ᜰዉᢎቭ೙‫ޔ‬1ቇᦼߩୃᓧන૏ߩ਄㒢࡮ਅ㒢೙ᐲ‫ޔ‬෩ᩰߥᚑ❣⹏ଔߣ޿ߞߚᒻߢ⃻࿷߽ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚࡒࠪࠟࡦᎺ┙ᄢቇ߇࡜ࡦ࠼࡮ࠣ࡜ࡦ࠻ᄢቇ(Land Grant Institute)ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ↪⊛ߥᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ㄘᬺ߿ኅ᡽ቇ‫⺆⧷ޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ૑᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᚑੱᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩឭଏߦ㊀ὐ߇⟎߆ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߽㐿ቇᒰೋߪߘ
ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌߡ޿ߚߣߐࠇࠆ㧟‫ޕ‬- 215 -

ᾁώᴾ σᡫ૙ᏋỉྸࣞểႸႎᴾ℄⃿ᄢቇߪ‫⌀ޔ‬㧔⌀ℂߩតⓥ㧕‫౏ޔ‬㧔࿾ၞ␠ળ‫ߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬࿖㓙␠ળ߳ߩ⽸₂㧕‫ޔ‬๺㧔ᐔ๺
ࠍ⋡ᜰߔੱ㑆㑐ଥߩ⏕┙‫ੱޔ‬㘃ߣ⥄ὼ⇇ߣߩ⺞๺౒ሽ㧕ࠍᄢቇߩℂᔨߦឝߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄߐޕ‬ߦ℄⃿ᄢቇߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆోቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩၮᧄ⊛ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ߇એਅߩ
ࠃ߁ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ ᧄቇߩવ⛔⊛ᢎ⢒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ↢߆ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ൕീᕈ෸߮ഃㅧᕈࠍ⢒ߺ‫ߥ߆⼾ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ߣኾ㐷⊛⍮⼂ࠍりߦߟߌߐߖࠆԙ ࿖㓙␠ળߦ⽸₂ߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥᢥൻߩℂ⸃ߦദ߼‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆㧔․ߦ⧷⺆㧕ߦࠃࠆ⊒⴫࡮⸛⺰⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆԚ ᖱႎ␠ળߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎᛛⴚᵴ↪⢻ജߩะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠆ
߹ߚ‫ోޔ‬ቇਛᦼ⸘↹ߦ߅޿ߡߪ਄⸥ߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡࠍౕ૕⊛ߦዷ㐿ߒ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩ
ភ⟎ߣߒߡ 14 ߩਛᦼ⸘↹߇╷ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬3 ߟߩၮᧄ⋡ᮡߦߘߞߡਛᦼ⸘↹߇ᢛℂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪԘߩ⋡ᮡߦ㑐ߒߡߪන૏ߩ਄㒢࡮ਅ㒢೙ᐲ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ࡮ቇ⑼ࠍᮮᢿߔࠆ೽
ኾ᡹೙‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ోࠆࠃߦޠ‬ቇ⊛ߥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⷗⋥ߒ‫ޔ‬ԙߩ⋡ᮡߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⧷⺆ߩᔅୃන૏ᢙߩჇട‫ޔ‬‫⺆ޟ‬ቇ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ߩޠ‬ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬Ԛߩ⋡ᮡߦ㑐ߒߡߪࡑ࡞࠴
ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠍ೑↪ߒߚᢎ⢒ߩᒝൻ‫࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޔ‬೑↪ⅣႺߩᢛ஻߇᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪߆ࠄߩ℄⃿ᄢቇߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ․ᓽࠍߐࠄߦᒝൻߔࠆౝኈ߇‫ޔ‬ᢙᄙߊ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߇․ᓽߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩ৻ᣇߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒㑐ㅪ㗄⋡ߪ᛽⽎ᐲ߇㜞޿⸥ㅀߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ⷏ᧄഥᢎ᝼ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࠃ߁ߦ୘೎⸘↹߇ߘࠇߙࠇડ↹࡮┙᩺࡮ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ‫ోޔ‬ቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹ߩ஺ߩ߽ߣߦ୘‫ߩ↹⸘ߩޘ‬㓏ጀઃߌࠍⴕ
޿ᢛᐨߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫╩ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩߘޕ‬⠪ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞
ߩ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹‫⋡⑼ޔ‬඙ಽߏߣߩ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹‫⋡ߩߣߏ⋡⑼ޔ‬ᮡߥߤࠍ᣿⏕ߦ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧൻߒߡߟߥ߇ࠅࠍᜬߚߖ‫ޔ‬૕♽⊛ߦᢛℂߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ℄⃿ᄢቇߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߡᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ℄⃿ᄢቇߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮⸘↹ߦߘߊߒߚ⚵❱ㆇ༡߇ࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߒߚ߫߆ࠅߩ࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱߩ
ᄙߊ߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᾂώᴾ σᡫ૙ᏋỆấẬỦỽἼỿἷἻἲỉϋܾᴾ℄⃿ᄢቇߩℂᔨߢ޽ࠆ‫࡮౏࡮⌀ޟ‬๺‫ౕࠍޠ‬૕ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߪ㧠ߟߩᢎ㙃⑼⋡⟲߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ‫ߣ↱⥄ޟ‬ᐔ╬‫ޟޠ‬ኡኈߣᐔ๺‫ߩޠ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ԙ࿾ၞߦᩮᏅߒߚᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬Ԛ࿖㓙ൻߦኻᔕߔࠆᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ԛ‫ޟ‬ᾲᏪ࡮੝ᾲᏪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗ‫ޔ‬ፉᎩ‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆᢎ⢒‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࠇߘ߇ޔ‬․ߦԛ‫ޟ‬ᾲᏪ࡮੝ᾲᏪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗ‫ޔ‬ፉᎩ‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆᢎ⢒ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟߦㅀߴࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ౒- 216 -

ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ․⦡ߢ޽ࠆ‫℄ޟ‬ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡‫⃻ౕߡߒߣޠ‬ൻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻߦ઻޿ 1994 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߪ౒ㅢᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ߦ඙ಽߐࠇߚ㧔࿑ 1 ෳᾖ㧕㧠‫ޕ‬ᴾ‫׋‬ᾀᾉᴾ ૼ଒ỉ੉ಅᅹႸғЎỉൔ᠋ᴾᣥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ৻ ৻⥸ᢎ ੱᢥಽ㊁
⥸ ⢒⑼⋡
ᢎ

␠ળಽ㊁

⢒

ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ
ੱᢥ♽⑼⋡

ᢎ㙃㗔ၞ

౒ ㅢ ౒
ᢎ⢒

␠ળ♽⑼⋡

ᢎ
⢒

⥄ὼ♽⑼⋡
⥄ὼಽ㊁

╬

ஜᐽㆇേ♽⑼⋡
✚ว⑼⋡

✚ว⑼⋡

ㅢ

✚ว㗔ၞ

℄ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡
ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ᖱႎ㑐ଥ⑼⋡଻ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ኾ ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ၮᐙ㗔ၞኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡

ኾ 㐷

㐷

ၮ ␆

ᢎ

⑼⋡

⢒

ኾ㐷ᢎ⑼⋡

ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒

χਗᾉẒྺྶ‫ܖٻܖٻ‬૙ᏋἍὅἑὊ‫إ‬ᴾ ཎᨼᾉ‫ٳ‬ᢿᚸ̖ẓᴾ ᇹ ᵓ ӭẆᵐᵎᵎᵏ ࠰ ᵏᵎ உẆᵏᵓ ᪫ỉ‫׋‬ḩḗᵏḗᵏ ợụ˺঺ᴾᣥࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩਥⷐߥ⋧㆑ὐߪએਅߩ 4 ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧕৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ⥄ὼಽ㊁߇ᢥ♽ቇ↢ะߌߩ⥄ὼ♽⑼⋡ߣℂ♽ቇ↢ߩߚ߼ߩኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ߦಽ㔌
㧞㧕଻ஜ૕⢒⑼⋡߇ஜᐽㆇേ♽⑼⋡ߣߒߡᢎ㙃㗔ၞߦ✬ᚑᦧ߃㧟㧕✚ว⑼⋡߇✚ว㗔ၞߣߒߡ⁛┙ߒߚ⑼⋡⟲ࠍ᭴ᚑߒ‫✚ޔ‬ว⑼⋡ߣ℄ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡ߦ✬ᚑᦧ߃㧠㧕ᖱႎ㑐ଥ⑼⋡߇ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ߣߣ߽ߦၮᐙ㗔ၞߦടࠊࠆ
ᣂࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆᦨᄢߩ․ᓽߪ℄ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᾲᏪ࡮੝ᾲᏪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗ‫ޔ‬ፉᎩ‫ࠍޠ‬⠨߃ࠆ⑼⋡ߢ޽ࠅ‫ᧄ⷏ޔ‬ഥᢎ᝼ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ߩવ⛔⧓⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ਃ✢㧔ࠨࡦࠪࡦ㧕ߣፉເ‫ߤߥ⋡⑼ࠆߔߦࡑ࡯࠹ࠍޠ‬ᴒ✽ߩ࿕᦭ߩ⥄ὼ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ‫⋡⑼ߩ╬⺆⸒ޔ‬- 217 -

߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠄࠇߎߦࠄߐޕ‬ቇ↢߆ࠄߩḩ⿷ᐲ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㜞޿ߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬߹ߚᦨㄭߢߪቇ㐳ߩ⊒ᗧߦࠃࠆᣂ⑼⋡ߩ⸳⟎߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᵴേߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠬࡄࡦࡖࠠ࡮ࠦࠛޟ‬ት⸒‫ߦޠ‬㑐ㅪߒߚⅣႺᢎ⢒⑼⋡߿‫ޔ‬
JABEE ࠍ⢛᥊ߣߔࠆ୶ℂ⑼⋡ߥߤ߇ቇ㐳ߩ⊒ᗧߦࠃߞߡᣂ⸳ߐࠇߚ⑼⋡ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ‫߹ߟޕ‬ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧ߩㅴൻߦࠃࠆ㗔ၞߩᄌൻߦኻߒ‫ࡦ࠙࠳ࡊ࠶࠻ޔ‬㧔ቇౝ࡝࠰࡯ࠬࠍ⍮ᖅߒߚቇ㐳߆ࠄߩ⊒᩺㧕߿ࡏ࠻ࡓࠕ࠶ࡊ㧔୘‫ߩޘ‬ᢎຬ߆ࠄߩ⊒᩺㧕ߦࠃࠆ⑼⋡ౣ✬ߩឭ᩺࡮ᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ᾃώᴾ σᡫ૙Ꮛỉܱ଀˳Сᴾᴾ
ᵒᵌᵏᴾ Ẑμ‫ܖ‬Јѣ૾ࡸẑỆợỦܱ଀˳Сᴾ
ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᑄᱛᓟ㧔1997 ᐕ 4 ᦬㨪㧕‫⃿℄ޔ‬ᄢቇߩ౒ㅢᢎ⢒╬᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߪᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔ߣߊߦ౒ㅢᢎ⢒╬ડ↹ㇱ㐷㧕ߩ▤ℂ࡮ㆇ༡ߩਅߢታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߩᢎຬߛߌߢߪߥ
ߊోቇߩᢎຬ߇౒ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍᜂᒰߔࠆ‫ోޟࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬ቇ಴േᣇᑼ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡߞߥߦޠ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳߇ᆔຬ㐳ࠍോ߼ࠆᄢቇᢎ⢒ડ↹ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩ߽ߣ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪฦ⑼⋡⟲ߏߣߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળࠍᩭߣߔࠆᆔຬળᣇᑼߢㆇ༡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑㧞ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬ฦ⑼⋡
ડ↹ᆔຬળߢߩክ⼏੐㗄ߪ‫ⷫޔ‬ᆔຬળߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ડ↹ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߢද⼏ߐࠇߚᓟ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩክ⼏ࠍ⚻ߡታᣉߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬೙ᐲ਄ߢߪ⑼⋡ߩᣂ⸳࡮ᑄᱛߪ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળߢታ⾰⊛ߥᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㆇ༡ߩታ㓙ߣߒߡߪ⑼⋡ᑄᱛߩᬌ⸛ߪ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળߢⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⸳⑼⋡ߦߟ޿ߡߪቇ㐳ߩ࠻࠶ࡊ࠳࠙ࡦߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᄙ޿ࠃ
߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷‫ޟޔ‬ஜᐽㆇേ♽⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ੱޟ‬ᢥ♽⑼⋡‫␠ޟޠ‬ળ♽⑼⋡‫⥄ޟޠ‬ὼ♽⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡‫ޟޠ‬ᣣᧄ⺆࡮ᣣᧄ੐ᖱ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᖱႎ㑐ଥ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫✚ޟ‬ว⑼⋡‫ޠ‬‫℄ޟ‬ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡‫ ߩޠ‬10ߩ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ߇ᵴേߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 3 ࠍෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬ฦᆔຬળߩᆔຬ㐳ߪᔅߕᒰ⹥⑼⋡ߩᜂᒰ⠪߇޽ߚࠆࠃ߁ߦ㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ⸳࡮ᑄᱛ⑼⋡ߩክᩏ‫⋡⑼ޔ‬ౝኈߩᬌ⸛߇ਥߥ⡯ോߢ޽ࠆ‫⋡⑼ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ડ↹ᆔຬળߩߥ߆ߢߪ‫ߦߊߣޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળߩᵴേ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߢ޽ࠅ‫⥄ޔ‬ਥ⊛ߦ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ࠍታᣉߒ‫ޔ‬FD ᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ోߚ߹ޕ‬ቇߣߒߡߩ
ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷༀߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ߿ FD ᵴേߪᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ડ↹࡮ታᣉࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵒᵌᵐᴾ ܱ଀˳СዜਤỉẺỜỉ‫ܖ‬ϋਜ਼ፗᴾ
ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᑄᱛᓟ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍᜂ଻ߒߥ߅߆ߟ‫ޟ‬ⓨᵢൻ‫ࠍޠ‬ㆱߌࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬‫౒ޟ‬ㅢᢎ⢒╬ߦᔅⷐߥቯຬߩ▤ℂ෸߮ᢎຬੱ੐ߩ⺞ᢛߦ㑐ߔࠆ↳ߒวࠊߖ‫ޠ‬㧔ᐔᚑ 13 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 24 ᣣ ోቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ᳿ቯ㧕߇ቯ߼ࠄࠇታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱ߆ࠄಽዻߐࠇߚᢎຬࡐࠬ࠻ߩ
ੱ੐▤ℂ࡮⺞ᢛߦ㑐ߔࠆភ⟎ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ߳ಽዻߒߚᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߩࡐࠬ࠻ߦ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ᝼ᬺࠦࡑᢙࠍࡁ࡞ࡑߣߒߡ⺖ߔߎߣߢ‫౒ޔ‬ㅢᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆ⚵❱⊛ߥ⽿છ૕೙ࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆߎߣ߇
น⢻ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽዻߐࠇߚࡐࠬ࠻ߪ౒ㅢᢎ⢒߳ߩ⽸₂߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߚ

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߼ߦ‫ޔ‬චಽߥ⽸₂߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ޿႐วߪోቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ್ᢿߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆಽ㊁߳ߩࡐࠬ࠻ߩ⒖ߒᦧ߃߇น⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ភ⟎ߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢቇㇱߣᢎ㙃ㇱߩ‫ޟ‬ੑ㊀᭴ㅧ‫ࠍޠ‬ቇౝߦ᷷ሽߔࠆᒻߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ోޟ‬ቇ಴േᣇᑼ‫ߩޠ‬ᒻ㜈ൻߦߟߥ߇ࠅ߆
ߨߥ޿߽ߩߣ╩⠪ࠄߪ⠨߃ࠆ‫ᧄ⷏ޕ‬ഥᢎ᝼ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬᣿ᢥൻߐࠇߚ‫ߒ↳ޟ‬วࠊߖ‫ޠ‬߇ᑄᱛߐࠇߡ߽ห᭽ߩ⽿છ૕೙߇቞ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒߊ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߦࠃߞߡߪ౒ㅢᢎ⢒߳ߩ߆߆ࠊࠅᣇߦ⋧㆑߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼‫ߒ↳ޟߪߊࠄ߫ߒޔ‬วࠊߖ‫ߩޠ‬ㆇ↪⁁ᴫࠍ⷗቞ࠅߟߟᡷ
ༀߩᣇ╷ࠍតࠆ⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ ׋‬ᵐᾉᴾ ‫ܖٻ‬૙ᏋἍὅἑὊӏỎ‫ܖ‬ဃᢿ૙Ѧᛢኵጢ‫׋‬ᴾోቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ

ቇ↢ㇱᢎോ⺖

ᄢቇᢎ⢒ડ↹ㆇ༡ᆔຬᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ㅪ⛊ળ⼏ᢎോ⺖㐳⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ળ⺖㐳⵬૒౒ㅢᢎ⢒╬ડ↹ㇱ㐷ᄢቇ㒮ଥ㐳ᄢቇᢎ⢒ᡷༀ╬ኾ㐷ᆔຬળᢎോଥ㐳⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷㐳ኾ㐷⡯ຬ

10 ߩ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎቭ
χਗᾉẒྺྶ‫ܖٻܖٻ‬૙ᏋἍὅἑὊ‫إ‬ᴾ ཎᨼᾉ‫ٳ‬ᢿᚸ̖ẓᇹ ᵓ ӭẆᵐᵎᵎᵏ ࠰ ᵏᵎ உẆᵏᵔ ᪫ỉ‫׋‬ḩḗᵏḗᵐ ợụ˺঺‫׋‬ᾂᾉᴾ ‫ܖٻ‬૙ᏋἍὅἑὊỆấẬỦᾀ὿ỉᅹႸ˖ဒ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ίᵐᵎᵎᵒ ࠰ ᵒ உྵ‫נ‬ὸᴾ
1. ஜᐽㆇേ♽⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
2. ੱᢥ♽⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
3. ␠ળ♽⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
4. ⥄ὼ♽⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳౒ㅢᢎ⢒╬ડ↹ㇱ㐷㐳

5. ᄖ࿖⺆⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
6. ᣣᧄ⺆࡮ᣣᧄ੐ᖱ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
7. ᖱႎ㑐ଥ⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળ
8. ኾ㐷ၮ␆⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળᴾ

9. ✚ว⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળᴾ

10. ℄ᄢ․⦡⑼⋡ડ↹ᆔຬળχਗᾉẒྺྶ‫ܖٻܖٻ‬૙ᏋἍὅἑὊ‫إ‬ᴾ ཎᨼᾉ‫ٳ‬ᢿᚸ̖ẓᴾ ᇹ ᵓ ӭẆᵐᵎᵎᵏ ࠰ ᵏᵎ உẆᵏᵔ ᪫ỉ‫׋‬ḩḗᵏḗᵑ ợụ˺঺

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ᾄώᴾ Ẹỉ˂ᴾ
℄⃿ᄢቇߪᄖㇱ߆ࠄᢎ⢒ᾲᔃߥᄢቇߛߣ⹏ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᴒ✽㄰ㆶ೨ߦ☨࿖ߢቇ૏ࠍขᓧߒߚᢎຬ߇ᄙߊ⿞છߒߡ߅ࠅ‫઀ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ㄟߺߩᄢቇᢎ⢒ⷰ㧔FD‫ޔࠬࡃ࡜ࠪޔ‬GPA
೙ߥߤ㧕ߦᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ᧄ⷏ߚߞⴕࠍࠣࡦ࡝ࠕࡅޕ‬ഥᢎ᝼ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᄢቇߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᾲᔃߐߛߌߢḩ⿷ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ߡߒߦ߆޿ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ലᨐࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ߊ߆ࠍㅊ᳞ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ቇౝઁㇱዪߣߩᮮߩ
ㅪ៤ࠍߪ߆ࠅߥ߇ࠄᵴേߒߡ޿ࠆߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫╩ޔ‬⠪ࠄߩ⷗ࠆߣߎࠈ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߪ⹏ଔᵴേ㧔ࠕ࠮ࠬࡔࡦ࠻㧕ߦゲࠍ߅޿ߚㅪ៤ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫┙ࠍ↹⸘ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬᩺㧔Plan㧕ߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ታᣉ㧔Do㧕ߒ‫ޔ‬ታᣉ⁁ᴫࠍ⥄Ꮖὐᬌ㧔Check㧕ߒ‫ޔ‬ᡷༀ㧔Action㧕߳ߣߟߥߍ
ࠆߣ޿߁ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ૞ࠅ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߺߚ⚵❱ㅪ៤ߪᒙ޿ߣ⸒ࠊߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ฦ⒳⹏ଔᵴേߩ⚿ᨐࠍᄢቇᢎ⢒ߩᡷༀ⸘↹߳ߣߟߥߍࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ⷞߩ࡞ࠢࠗࠨ࠻ࡦࡔࠫࡀࡑޔ‬ὐࠍߣࠅ޿ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚቇౝ⚵❱㑆ߩㅪ៤ࠍᒝൻߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
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ᧄႎ๔䈲䇮℄⃿ᄢቇ⸰໧⺞ᩏ䇮䇺℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒䉶䊮䉺䊷ႎ䇻䇮℄⃿ᄢቇ䉡䉢䊑䊕䊷䉳䈭䉌䈶䈮℄⃿ᄢቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡ䊶ਛᦼ⸘↹䉕䉅䈫䈮䉁䈫䉄䈢䇯ᧄᢥਛ䈱࿑⴫䈮㑐䈚䈩䈲䇮䈫䈒䈮ᢿ䉍䈱䈭䈇㒢䉍䇮หᄢቇ䈱䉡䉢䊑䊕䊷䉳਄䈱ᖱႎ䈮ၮ䈨䈐૞ᚑ䈚䈢䇯⸰໧⺞ᩏ䈪䈲䇮2004 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 12ᣣ䈮䇮℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇ⹏ଔ䉶䊮䉺䊷⷏ᧄ⵨ノഥᢎ᝼䈮䉟䊮䉺䊎䊠䊷䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯䉟䊮䉺䊎䊠䊷䈮䈲ฬฎደᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ䉶䊮䉺䊷㠽ዬ᦮ሶ⻠Ꮷ䇮หዊḊථᄦഥᚻ䋨ᒰᤨ䋩䈏䈅䈢䈦䈢䇯℄⃿ᄢቇߩᴪ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠙ࠚࡉࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/general/outline/history.html ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬‫⃿℄ޡ‬ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬4 ภ‫ޔ‬3-10 㗁ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬‫⃿℄ޡ‬ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬5 ภ‫ޔ‬13-18 㗁ࠍෳᾖ‫ޕ‬Ӌᎋ᝻૰ấợỎἇỶἚ䇺℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒䉶䊮䉺䊷ႎ䇻╙ 4 ภ䇮℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒䉶䊮䉺䊷䇮2001 ᐕ 3 ᦬䇯䇺℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒䉶䊮䉺䊷ႎ䇻╙ 5 ภ䇮℄⃿ᄢቇᄢቇᢎ⢒䉶䊮䉺䊷䇮2001 ᐕ 10 ᦬䇯䇸౒ㅢᢎ⢒╬䈮ᔅⷐ䈭ቯຬ䈱▤ℂ෸䈶ᢎຬੱ੐䈱⺞ᢛ䈮㑐䈜䉎↳䈚ว䉒䈞䇹䋨ᐔᚑ 13 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 24 ᣣ㩷 ోቇᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ᳿ቯ䋩䇸࿖┙ᄢቇᴺੱ℄⃿ᄢቇਛᦼ⋡ᮡ䊶ਛᦼ⸘↹䇹䇮2004 ᐕ℄⃿ᄢቇ䊃䉾䊒䊕䊷䉳㩷㩷 㪿㫋㫋㫇㪑㪆㪆㫎㫎㫎㪅㫌㪄㫉㫐㫌㫂㫐㫌㪅㪸㪺㪅㫁㫇㪆㩷- 220 -߹ ߣ ߼㧙Ყセ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄߩ␜ໂߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴㧙ᄐ⋡㆐਽࡮㠽ዬ᦮ሶ ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ߼ߋࠆᡷ㕟ߩ᭎ⷐ߿‫ߩߘޔ‬ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ⺰ὐ࡮⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩਥⷐᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭎ⷐߣ․ᓽࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬วⴐ࿖ߩਥⷐߥ⎇ⓥᄢቇߦ
߅ߌࠆหࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ㕟ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ‫ߩࠄࠇߎߪߦࠄߐޔ‬૞ᬺࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ੹ᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩᡷ㕟ߩߚ߼ߦᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
2003 ᐕᐲߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇╙㧝ࠢ࡯࡞ࠍ⚳߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫࡝ࠞޔ‬ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߦ㑐ߔࠆౣᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ߁ᤨᦼߦߐߒ߆߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ቇㇱ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒૕೙ਅߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߣቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⑼⋡ߣߩ♽⛔ᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ
⸽ߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ߦ␜ߒߚᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᴫࠍ߰߹߃ߡ⸳ቯߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߦะߌߚ⷗⋥ߒ૞ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊߣࠄ߃ࠇ
߫‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛ߦࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ஥㕙ߣ‫࡮⸘⸳ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ታᣉ࡮⹏ଔ࡮ᡷ⸓ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⚵❱૕೙ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ஥㕙ߩ㧞ߟ߆ࠄㅊ᳞ߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߪ޿ࠊ߫࠰ࡈ࠻㕙ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߪࡂ࡯࠼㕙ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ਔ஥㕙ߩ⷗⋥ߒ૞ᬺߦߣߞߡਇนᰳߥ⃻ⴕߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩታᣉ૕೙࡮ᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ὐߩ᛽಴߿⺖㗴ߩ․ቯߣ޿ߞߚ⚵❱⊛ߥಽᨆ૞ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߎࠇ߹
ߢ㓐ᤨⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱߩᤨઍ߆ࠄߘࠇߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒⓍᭂ⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰߩᄢ✁ൻએ㒠ߦ㒢ߞߡ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊᧄޕ‬ㅴ߼ࠆਛߢ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߩⓍߺ㊀ߨߣߘࠇߦࠃࠅ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߚ⍮⼂ߣ⚻㛎ߩ⼾߆ߐࠍᡷ߼ߡ⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߒ‫⎇ߚ߈ߡߞⴕ߇ࠇࠊࠇࠊߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ⓥ߽ߎࠇࠄߩᚑᨐ߆
ࠄᄙߊࠍቇࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫৻ߩ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊᧄޕ‬Ⅳߣߒߡⴕߞߚㆊ෰ߩฬฎደᄢቇߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ⸓૞ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ߹ߐߦߘ߁ߒߚၮ␆⊛⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ઁ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩᄢቇ߅ࠃ߮ᄖ࿖ߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆߘࠇߣߩᲧセ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄ߹ߣ߼ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩవੱߚߜ߇⫾Ⓧߒߡ߈ߚᬺ❣ߦᢘᗧࠍ⴫ߒߟߟ‫ࠫࡠࡊᧄޔ‬ࠚࠢ࠻ࠍㅢߓߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ࠍએਅߦᜰ៰ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ὐߢߘߩᜰ៰ߪ㒢ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼߅ᢿࠅߒߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬৻ߟߪ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ㆊ෰ߩฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߿࿖ౝᄖߩਥⷐ
ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣߩᲧセ⎇ⓥߣ޿߁ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߚߎߣߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㊂⊛߅ࠃ߮⾰⊛࠺࡯࠲ߦၮߠߊಽᨆ߿‫ޔ‬໧㗴ὐߩ᛽಴߿⺖㗴ߩ․ቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߪߢ߈ߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬- 221 -

ߘࠇࠁ߃‫ޔ‬චಽߥ࠺࡯࠲ߩⵣઃߌ߿⺰⸽߇㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ὐ߽޽ࠆߎߣߪุ߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ੑߟߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚฬฎደᄢቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟ߩᬌ⸛૞ᬺࠍ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ⸳⟎ၮḰᄢ✁ൻએ㒠ߩ߽ߩࠍਛᔃߣߒߚߚ߼‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ᜰ៰ߔࠆ⺖㗴߽ߏߊ৻ㇱߦߔ߉ߥ޿ߎ
ߣ‫ߢߎߎ᧪ᧄߡߞ߇ߚߒޔ‬ᜰ៰ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ␜ߖߥ߆ߞߚᄙߊߩ⺖㗴߇޽ࠆߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ㒢⇇ࠍ⹺⼂ߒߟߟ߽‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ੹ᓟߩ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫߿߿ޔ‬ᄢ⢙ߦᬌ⸛⺖㗴ࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ߅ࠃ߮ౝኈߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺖㗴 ߎߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰ὐߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧝㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩጁୃⷐઙࠍฦቇㇱߩ᳿ቯߦᆔߨߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ✬ᚑߔࠆ߁߃ߢ໧㗴ߪߥ޿ߩ߆㧫 ‫ޟ‬ฬฎደᄢቇోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ⷙ⒟‫ޠ‬㧔2003 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 1 ᣣ೙ቯ㧕ߦࠃߞߡ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩ⑼⋡඙ಽ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ߈ߊߪၮ␆⑼⋡ߣᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߦ඙ಽߐࠇ‫ޔ‬೨⠪ߪߐࠄߦోቇၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᢥ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ၮ␆⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᢥ♽ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ㙃⑼⋡‫ޔ‬㐿᡼⑼⋡ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ඙ಽߐࠇࠆ‫ߡ޿ߟߦ⋡⑼ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ౝኈ߇ⷙቯߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⋡⑼ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬඙ಽߣౝኈߪోቇ౒ㅢߢⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪ޿߃‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃᐕᰴ‫ޔ‬ጁୃⷐઙߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ቯ߼ࠆߎߣߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔หⷙ⒟╙㧡᧦‫╙ޔ‬㧢᧦㧕‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩጁୃⷐઙߪቇㇱߦࠃߞߡᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢ߽ߺߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ోߩⴕ⃻ޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߅ࠃ߮ጁୃⷐઙߦߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߩᗧะ߇ᒝߊ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡߩฬฎደᄢቇߩቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߦ߅ߌࠆ౒ㅢ
ᕈߥ޿ߒߪ৻⽾ᕈߪᓟ᥊ߦㅌ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴺੱൻએ㒠‫ޔ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬ᄢቇ߇․⦡޽ࠆᢎ⢒ᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߥ߆‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ྾ᐕ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⽾ᕈߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢ో૕ߩ౒ㅢᕈ㧙޿޿߆߃ࠇ߫ฬฎደᄢቇߢቇ߱ቇ↢ߣߒߡߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ
࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖ㧙ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦቯ߼‫ౕߦࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬૕ൻߒߡ޿ߊ߆ߣ޿߁ⷞὐࠍ޿߹޿ߜߤ
ᜬߟߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ߩᢎ⢒⋡ᮡࠍ޿߆ߦ᣿⏕ൻߒߡ޿ߊ߆ߣ޿߁ᄢ߈ߥ໧㗴ߣ⋥⚿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧥ߟߩቇㇱ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⎇ⓥ✚วᄢቇߢ޽ࠆฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ㓙‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱߢߩኾ㐷ᢎ⢒ࠍᡰ߃߁ࠆ౒ㅢߩၮ⋚ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇ㅊⓥߐࠇࠆߎߣߪᔅ㗇ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޕ‬ኾ㐷ߩ࿯บߣߥࠆోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇✚૕ߣߒߡ‫ߡߴߔޔ‬ߩቇ჻⺖⒟ቇ↢ߦ૗ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ✚ว⊛ߦᬌ⸽ߔࠆⷞὐߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᡷ߼ߡ⹺⼂ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃⷐઙߩ᳿ቯࠍฦቇㇱߩᮭ㒢ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩ໧㗴ߪߥ޿߆‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ో૕ߩቇ⠌ߩ౒ㅢᕈ߿৻⽾ᕈߩഃ಴ߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ࠕޔ‬ࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇߩ੐଀߇␜ߒߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ᜰቯᔅୃ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬㗔ၞ㈩ಽᔅୃ⑼⋡‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷⑼⋡߅ࠃ߮ㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃߞߡ‫ࡦࠟࠪࡒޔ‬ᄢቇߩቇ↢ߦ౒ㅢߥቇ⠌ၮ⋚ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩᄙ᭽ߥ࠾࡯࠭ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᨵエߥ᭴ㅧࠍ߽ߟࠞ࡝ࠠ
ࡘ࡜ࡓ߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣߪᵈ⋡ߦ୯ߔࠆ‫࠼࡯ࡃ࡯ࡂޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ

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ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢߪ‫⚳ᦨߛ߹޿ޔ‬᳿⌕ߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰
30 ᐕ㑆⛯޿ߚࠦࠕ࡮ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ㅧ߆ࠄ‫౒ߩࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬ㅢၮ⋚ߣߥࠆ⑼⋡ߣ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ㆬᛯ⢇߇᜛ᄢߐࠇߚ⑼⋡⟲ߣࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ᭴ㅧࠍᮨ
⚝ߔࠆേ߈߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߡߖࠊ޽ޕ‬ਔᯏ㑐ߣ߽ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌߳ߩേᯏઃߌ߿ቇ⠌࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍᡰេߔࠆᯏ⢻ߣߒߡ‫ߩࠬࡆ࡯ࠨ࡮ࠣࡦࠫࠗࡃ࠼ࠕ࡮ࠢ࠶ࡒ࠺ࠞࠕޔ‬లታ࡮ឭଏࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߚ‫౒ޕ‬ㅢߔࠆቇ⠌ၮ⋚ߩ߁߃ߦ୘‫ߩޘ‬ኾ㐷⊛ߥቇ⠌ᯏળࠍ᦭ᯏ⊛ߦធวߒߡ޿ߊ‫ߣޔ‬޿߁⊒ᗐ߇ౕ૕⊛ߥቇ↢߳ߩᡰេࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߒߡนⷞൻߐࠇ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߣ৻૕⊛ߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߛߣ⸃ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒ߩ♽⛔ᕈ߿ోቇᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ౒ㅢᕈࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߟߟ‫ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥᢎ⢒ᯏળߩឭଏࠍᗧ࿑ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ࠍࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ㅢߓߡቇ↢߇ਥ૕⊛ߦቇ⠌࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍឬߊߎߣࠍ⚵❱⊛ߦᡰេߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᔅⷐᕈ߇੹ᓟ߹ߔ߹ߔ㜞߹ߞߡߊࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧞㧚ోቇ౒ㅢߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ 㧝㧙㧝㧚ߩᜰ៰ߣ߽㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ోޔ‬ቇ౒ㅢߩᔅୃ⑼⋡ߩౝኈ߿ታᣉᒻᘒ߇໧ࠊࠇࠆ‫߃଀ޕ‬߫એਅߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ԙ✚วᄢቇߣߒߡߩฬฎደᄢቇߢ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬ቇ჻⺖⒟ߩቇ↢㧔ߣߊߦೋᐕᰴ↢㧕ߩࠕࠗ ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖᒻᚑࠍ࿑ࠆࠃ߁ߥࠦࠕߣߥࠆቇ⠌⚻㛎ߪሽ࿷ߒᓧࠆ߆㧫 ԙሽ࿷ߒᓧࠆߣߔࠇ߫‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ቇ⠌⚻㛎ߩౝኈߣߪ޿߆ߥࠆ߽ߩߥߩ߆㧫 Ԛ⎇ⓥᄢቇߩ․⾰ࠍᵴ߆ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩ⍮⊛㑐ᔃࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߥ㝯ജ޽ࠆ⑼⋡߿  ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆㧫 ԛቇ↢ߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠍଦߔ߁߃ߢ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆㆬᛯ⑼⋡ߩᢙࠍ᜛ᄢߒ‫ࠞޔ‬࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߦᨵエᕈࠍᜬߚߖࠆߴ߈߆㧫 ޽ࠆ޿ߪ‫ోޔ‬ቇㇱߩ౒ㅢၮ⋚ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥᜰ
ቯᔅୃ⑼⋡ࠍჇ߿ߒߚ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߏߣߦផᅑጁୃࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߩ߆㧫 ⃻ⴕߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߢߪ‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦㅢᐩߔࠆࠃ߁ߥቇ⠌ౝኈߣߒߡ
ߩ୶ℂ߿㊂⊛ಽᨆ‫ߦ╬⸘⛔ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆᔅୃ⑼⋡ߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᢥ┨૞ᚑ╬ߩౕ૕⊛ߥࠬࠠ࡞ߩะ਄ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ⑼⋡߽ሽ࿷ߖߕ‫ޔ‬ೋᐕᰴ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ㜞ᩞ߆ࠄᄢቇ߳ߩࠬࡓ࡯
ࠬߥ⒖ⴕࠍᦼߒߚ޿ࠊࠁࠆࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⑼⋡߽᣿⏕ߦ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ․ᓽࠍ‫☨ޔ‬࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ⢒㊀ὐᄢቇࠍߪߓ߼‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ✚วᄢቇ߿࿖ౝߩห௥ᯏ㑐ߦ߅޿ߡೋᐕᰴ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚฦ⒳ߩ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯߅ࠃ߮ቇ⠌ᣇᴺߩ⠌ᓧࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ࠮ࡒ࠽
࡯߿ዉ౉⑼⋡╬߇ᱜ⺖ߣߒߡ⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߦᾖࠄߖ߫‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߪೋᐕᰴ↢ߦኻߔࠆ⚵❱⊛ߥᢎ⢒૕೙߇߿߿ᚻ⭯ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪุ߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧟㧚ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩታᣉᣇᴺߪㆡಾ߆㧫 ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪᢥ⑼♽ቇㇱߩቇ↢ߪㅢᐕ 4 න૏ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ℂ⑼♽ቇㇱ㧔කቇㇱකቇ⑼ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߩቇ↢ߪඨᦼ㧞න૏ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩቇ⠌૕㛎ߩ৻⽾ᕈ߇ᒙ޿ߎߣߪ
ุቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᄢቇߢߩቇ⠌߳ߩേᯏઃߌ߿ၮᧄ࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯ߩ₪ᓧ߇‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ৻

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⑼⋡ߦ߶߷ᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫߇ߒ⋥⷗߽ߡ޿ߟߦࠇߎޔ‬ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬೨ᦼ⚂ 200‫ޔ‬ᓟᦼ⚂ 80 ࠢ࡜ࠬ߇㐿⻠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߦ⌕⋡ߔࠇ߫‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥ᝼ᬺౝኈߪ୘‫ߩޘ‬ᜂᒰᢎຬߩⵙ㊂ߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ขࠅᛒ߁ਥ㗴߿⋡ᮡ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ᕈߩᐲว޿ߦ߆
ߥࠅߩ߫ࠄߟ߈߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧠㧚ోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ߇⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ୘ੱߩ⢻ജ࡮․ᓽߪㆡಾ߆㧫 ੱᢥ࡮␠ળ࡮⥄ὼߩ㧟ߟߩቇ໧㗔ၞߦࠃࠆ৻⥸ᢎ⢒⑼⋡ࠍਛᔃߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚᢎ㙃ㇱᤨઍߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣᲧߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩోቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ᭴ᚑߢߪ‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߦቇ໧㗔ၞߦߘߊߒߚၮ␆⍮⼂ߩୃᓧ߇ᓟ᥊ߦㅌ߈‫ੱ߫߃޿ߣ߆ࠄߜߤޔ‬㑆ᕈߩᶩ㙃߿ᘒᐲߩ⢒ᚑ
߇㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧡㧚⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߦ⺖ߐࠇߚ㧟ߟߩ⋡ᮡߪㆡಾ߆㧫 ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⑼⋡ߦ⺖ߖࠄࠇߚ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙኾ㐷⊛ቇ⠌ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩᄖ࿖⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼‫ޔ‬ԙ⇣ᢥൻℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬Ԛ࿖㓙␠ળߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᢎ㙃ࠍ⢒߻⑼⋡‫ߣޔ‬ᄙጘߦࠊߚߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⃻ⴕߩ⑼⋡ౝኈ‫ޔ‬ቇୃᦼ㑆╬ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ‫⋡ߩࠄࠇߎߡߒߚߪޔ‬ᮡ߇චಽߦ㆐ᚑน⢻ߥߩ߆ߤ߁߆ߪᬌ⸛ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬㧝㧙㧢㧚ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥ޿߆㧫⃻࿷ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߩㇱળߢ౒ㅢߒߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦቯ߼ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦߊߣޕ‬ℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ㇱળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍ᳞߼ࠆჿ߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ⥸৻ޕ‬᝼ᬺᜂᒰ⠪ߣหߓቇㇱߩቇ↢ߩ႐วߢ޽ࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߢߩ
ᚑ❣⹏ଔߪ෩ߒߊⴕࠊࠇ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢᢥ♽ߦኻߒߡߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߪߘࠇ߶ߤ෩ߒߊߥ޿௑ะ߇޽
ࠆߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⥄ޟޕ‬ὼ⑼ቇ♽ಽ㊁ߩ⻉⃻⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ࠍ⽎⃻⻉ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛ߦಽᨆ‫ޔ‬ᛠីߔࠆ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩઁޔ‬ቇ໧ಽ㊁ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߦߟ޿ߡℂ⸃ߔࠆ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆℂ♽ᢎ㙃⑼⋡ߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߩၮḰࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⛔৻ߔࠆߩ߆ߪ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩ⚵❱૕೙ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⺖㗴 ߎߩ⺖㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴ὐࠍᜰ៰ߒᓧࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧝㧚ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߥࠆ⃻࿷ߩ⚵❱߇ታ૕ࠍߣ߽ߥߞߚ⚵❱ߦߥࠅᓧߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆㧫 ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߪᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍᜂ߁⚵❱ߣߒߡ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᯏ⢻ࠍਛᩭߣߥߞߡᜂ߁ߴ߈ᢎຬߪฬ⒓ߎߘ‫ޟ‬ኾછᢎຬ‫ߤࠇߌࠆ޽ߢޠ‬߽‫ߪߤࠎߣ߶ߩߘޔ‬ฦ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦᚲዻߔࠆᢎຬߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ᢎຬߣߒߡߪታ⾰⊛ߦ౗છᢎຬߢ޽ࠆ㧔ታ⾰⊛ߦᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦᚲዻߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒╬ࠍᧄ᧪ߩ⡯ോߣߔࠆᧄ᧪ߩኾછ
ᢎຬߪ 2006 ᐕ㧟᦬⃻࿷㧝ฬߦߔ߉ߥ޿㧔2006 ᐕ㧠᦬߆ࠄ㧝ฬჇຬߢ⸘㧞ฬ㧕㧕‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᧄോࠍ೎ߩ⚵❱ߢ߽ߜߟߟ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⡯ോࠍߘߩறࠄߢᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁⁛┙ߒߚ⚵❱ߪ޽ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬ታ૕ߣߒߡߪᆔຬળᣇᑼߣᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޕ‬- 224 -

ߎࠇߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߣ޿߁⚵❱ߩ▤ℂ࡮ㆇ༡‫ోߡߒߘޔ‬ቇߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻߽
චోߦᜂ߁ߎߣߪ㔍ߒ޿ߣ޿߁ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ฬฎደᄢቇ߇ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ὐᄢቇࠍᮡ᭙ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߪᔅⷐߢ
޽ࠅ‫ޟߩⴕ⃻߽ߦ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ኾછᢎຬ‫ޠ‬೙ᐲ߿ߘࠇߦଐ᜚ߒߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⚵❱ߩ⷗⋥ߒߪਇนㆱߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧞㧚ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚵❱૕೙߇චಽᯏ⢻ߒᓧࠆ߆㧫 ߎࠇ߹ߢߩฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ߼ߋߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦߘߩ⚵❱૕೙ࠍ޿߆ߦ᭴▽ߒ‫ޔ‬቟ቯൻߐߖࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦ⼏⺰߇㓸ਛߒߡ߈ߚߣߺߥߖࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ᢎ㙃ㇱߩᑄᱛᓟߩᆔຬળߩᤨઍߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦឝタߒߚự↰ᢎ᝼߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ߢ⸅ࠇ
ࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩℂᔨߣᆔຬળᣇᑼߩ㑐ଥߪ⣀ᒙߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ‫ޔߡߖࠊ޽ޔ‬ቇㇱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᢎ⢒ℂᔨߩౕ૕ൻߣࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩታ⾰⊛ߥᯏ⢻߇චಽߦ⊒ើߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߚ‫ޔ߽ߣߞ߽ޕ‬ᆔຬળᤨઍߦዉ౉ߐࠇߚᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߩ଻⸽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧙ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬PDS ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦၮߠߊ᝼ᬺ⹏ଔࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻߿ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩዉ
౉╬㧙ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߦ߅޿ߡవ⷗ᕈ߇㜞ߊᗧ⟵ߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚ߽ߩߩ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬળߩછോߩ
ታᘒߪ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞ࡮ࡆࠝޔ‬㧔ᤨ㑆ഀ㧕ߩ⸘↹߿⺞ᢛ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬ડ↹┙᩺ᯏ⢻ߪᒙ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉ૕೙ߩᮨ⚝ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⊒⿷߳ߩᵹࠇࠍഃࠅ಴ߒ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔߦߊߣޔ‬ડ↹┙᩺ᯏ⢻ߩᒝൻ‫ޔ‬ታᣉ⽿છ૕೙ߩ⵬ᒝ߇ਥߚࠆߨࠄ޿ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߩⴕ⃻ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ૕೙ߢ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚵❱૕೙߇චಽᯏ⢻ߒᓧࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪᔅߕߒ߽ᭉⷰߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧟㧚ฦቇㇱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ᯏ⢻ࠍ޿߆ߦᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩડ↹┙᩺⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ߣߩ⋧ਸ਼ലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥߒߊߺࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆ߆㧫 ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃᐕᰴ‫ޔ‬ጁୃⷐઙߪ‫ޔ‬ฦቇㇱ߇ቯ߼ࠆߎߣߣⷙቯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ฽߼ߚቇ჻⺖⒟ో૕ߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑ߇ฦቇㇱߩᮭ㒢ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆએ਄‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩጁୃⷐઙߩ⷗⋥ߒ߇‫ߕ߹ߣ߭ޔ‬ቇㇱߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ᯏ⢻ߩ⏕଻࡮లታߦ଼ߟߎߣߪਇ
นㆱߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧠㧚ቇ↢ߩጁୃⴕേࠍᗐቯߒߚࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ✬ᚑߪߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫ቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆጁୃࠟࠗ
࠳ࡦࠬᯏ⢻ࠍߤ߁ߔࠆ߆㧫 ߆ߟߡ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦߪ‫ޟޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥⷞ㊁ࠍᐢߍ‫⋧ޔ‬੕㑐ㅪ⊛⍮⼂ࠍᷓ߼ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕߚࠇߐߣޠ‬ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ⷐઙ߿ጁୃᐕᰴ╬ߩ೙ᐲ਄ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚቇ
↢ߩጁୃⴕേߦࠃߞߡ⽾ᔀߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‫⥸৻ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ォ឵ߩၮᐙ⑼⋡‫ޠ‬ߣߒߡዉ౉ߐࠇߚၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡߇‫ޔ‬ቇㇱ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩߥ߆ߢᦼᓙߐࠇߚലᨐࠍ
޽ߍ߃ߥ߆ߞߚේ࿃ߩ߭ߣߟߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁‫ߪߣߎߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩጁୃ⊓㍳
ߦ㓙ߒߡ‫⿰ߩ᧪ᧄ⋡⑼ޔ‬ᣦߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⸃߿ጁୃᐕᰴߩ⸘↹ߦ᦭ലߥഥ⸒ᜰዉ߇ᔀᐩߒߡ޿
ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ၮᧄਥ㗴⑼⋡ߩㆇ↪ታᘒ߇␜ໂߔࠆߎߣߪ‫࡝ࠞޔ‬- 225 -

ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⸳⸘ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬೙ᐲ਄ߩ೙⚂ࠍൊ᩺ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߩጁୃⴕേࠍᗐ
ቯߒߚ߁߃ߢጁୃⷐઙࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇⑼⋡ߩ⿰ᣦߦߩߞߣߞߚᢎ᝼ቇ⠌ࠍᚑഞߦዉߊߣ
޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ㆡಾߥጁୃᜰዉ߿ഥ⸒‫ߦ⊛❱⚵ࠍ╬ࠬࡦ࠳ࠗࠟޔ‬ឭଏߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥቇ↢ߦኻߔࠆࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬᯏ⢻ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᜂ଻ߔࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⿰ᣦࠍታ
⃻ߔࠆ਄ߢᔅⷐਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩⴕ⃻ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ૕೙ߩਛߢએਅߦᢛ஻ߔࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬
੹ᓟߩ㊀ⷐߥᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩᰴߥࠆ⺖㗴ᦨᓟߦ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍ߼ߋࠆⓍᐕߩ໧㗴߿⺖㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦኻߒ‫ࠇࠊޔ‬ࠊࠇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᒁ߈ฃߌࠆߴ߈⺖㗴ࠍ޿ߊߟ߆᜼ߍߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫߶ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬߆ߢ߽ߥߊ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⚵❱⊛ᵴേࠍ‫ࡦࡔࡊ࠶ࡠࡌ࠺࡮ࠖ࠹࡞ࠞࠔࡈޟ‬࠻㧔FD㧕‫ߣޠ‬૏⟎ߠߌߥ߅ߔߎߣ‫❱⚵ߩߘ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ൻߩផㅴߢ޽ࠆ‫ߊ߆ߣޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬୘‫ޘ‬ߩ᝼ᬺᡷༀ߿ᢎ᝼ᴺ╬ߦ㓸ਛߒ߇ߜߥ FD ߩ▸࿐ࠍ᜛ᄢߒ‫ߩࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޔ‬㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ
ᢎຬ㓸࿅ߩ⾗⾰ะ਄ߩᯏળߣᝒ߃ߥ߅ߒㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊ⠨߃ᣇߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ⸃⺋ޕ‬ᕟࠇߕߦ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩਛᔃ⊛૞ᬺߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣥᢎ㙃ㇱ߿ᆔຬળ╬ߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩታᣉߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ⽿છ⚵❱ߩ‫ߊߏޔ‬㒢ࠄࠇߚ୘ੱߥ޿ߒߪࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃࠆ₂り⊛ߥߪߚࠄ߈ߦ
ࠃߞߡታ⃻ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ௑ะ߇ᒝ޿ߣߺߥߖࠃ߁‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ోޔ‬ቇᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ቟ቯ⊛ㆇ↪ߣ޿ߞߚታᣉ૕೙㕙ߩ⺖㗴ࠍਸ਼ࠅ⿧߃‫ޔ‬หࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓࠍㅢߓߚቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ߦਛᔃ⊛⺖㗴߇⒖ⴕߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚߣ߈‫⺖ߩߘ߿ߪ߽ޔ‬㗴ߩᜂ޿ᚻߪ․ቯߩ୘ੱ
ߥ޿ߒߪࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦᆔߨࠄࠇࠆ▸࿐ࠍ⾰㊂ߣ߽ߦ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ోޔߘߎߦߎߎޕ‬ቇᢎ⢒ߩ⾰⊛ะ਄ࠍోቇߢㅊ᳞ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߩᗧ⟵߇޽ࠅ‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥㇱዪߩᗧ⷗߿⠨߃ࠍ᧤ߨ‫ޔ‬ᒝ޿࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ߊὐߦࡋ࠶࠼ࠢࠜ࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡߩᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ߩ⌀ଔ߇޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᢎຬ㓸࿅ߩኻ⹤ࠍଦㅴߔࠆኾ㐷⚵❱ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒ើߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ
⠨߃ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔߕ߹ߣ߭ޔ‬㧝㧚ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ㐿⊒ߦ᦭ലߥࡈ࡟࡯ࡓߩឭଏ߿࿖ౝ
ᄖߩߔߋࠇߚ㐿⊒ᚻᴺߩ⺞ᩏ࡮⚫੺‫ޔ‬㧞㧚ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⸳⸘‫ޔ‬ታᣉ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ࠍ߼ߋ
ࠆᢎຬ㓸࿅ߩኻ⹤ߩଦㅴߦ᦭ലߥ࠷࡯࡞ߩ㐿⊒࡮ឭଏ‫ޔߦࠄߐޔ‬㧟㧚㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ
࠻ߩⷞὐߦࠃࠆࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ㐿⊒ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ⃻⁁ಽᨆߣᡷༀឭ᩺‫ࠦࠆࠁࠊ޿ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬ࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦᯏ⢻ߩలታߣߘࠇࠍㅢߓߚቇౝ߳ߩ⽸₂߇ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪߎࠇࠄጊⓍߔࠆ⺖㗴⸃᳿ߦ߻ߌߡߩዊߐߥ␆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ߇⎇ⓥ㕙ߢߩ᜚ὐᄢቇߢ޽ࠆߣߣ߽ߦᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ὐᄢቇࠍᮡ᭙ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ⾰⊛ᡷༀࠍㅢߓߡቇ↢ߩቇ⠌ߩᚑഞࠍㅊⓥߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߦ߅ߊ㒢ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ߽ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪᄙߊ
ߩ୘ੱ߿⚵❱ߩදജࠍᓧߟߟ‫߿࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕߩߘޔ‬㊀ὐ⺖㗴ࠍี๧ߒߥ߇ࠄ⛮⛯ߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬ߚࠁ߹ߕᚑᨐࠍⓍߺ਄ߍߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬- 226 -

ਥⷐෳ⠨ᢥ₂ᾋ‫׎‬ϋᾍᴾ࡮ ᦭ᧄ┨‫ޡ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫₹ޢ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ ㇱ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕ࡮ ㊄ሶరਭ‫ޔ‬ᯅᧄ᱄Ꮢ‫☨ޔ‬ᴛᓆ⚐‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒‫᧲ޠ‬੩ᄢቇ ᄢቇ✚วᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬1997 ᐕ࡮ ᫪᥍⑲‫࠼࡯ࠔࡧ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߩࠦࠕ࡮ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߣ␹ᚭᄢቇߩᢎ㙃⸒⺰‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᐕႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬1 ภ‫␹ޔ‬ᚭᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥㇱ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕ࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળߩᵴ
േߩ⃻⁁ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧥ᐕᐲႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળ‫ߥ߆⼾ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡɆ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩᣇ㊎࡮੐଀㓸Ɇ[ၮ␆࠮ࡒ࠽࡯㧔ℂ♽㧕ㇱળ]‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧜㨪㧝㧞ᐕᐲ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕ 2
᦬࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒⸘↹ᆔຬળߩᵴ
േߩ⃻⁁ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧝ᐕᐲႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ߥ߆⼾ޡ‬ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡɆ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩᣇ㊎࡮੐଀㓸Ɇ‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧟ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޡ‬ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ WG ႎ๔ᦠɆฬฎደᄢቇᢎ
㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩ⺖㗴Ɇ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ㧔ోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡㧕‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧞ᐕᐲ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕ 7 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⛔᜝ㇱ‫ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޡ‬ᡷ㕟ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ GW ႎ๔ᦠ㧙ฬฎደᄢቇ
ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩ⺖㗴㧙‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮 FD ࡝࡯࠳࡯⎇ୃળႎ๔ᦠ‫⸘⸳ࡓ࡜ࡘࠠ࡝ࠞޟ‬ജߩၮᧄࠍりߦߟߌࠆ‫ޠ‬‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮⛔᜝ㇱ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ㧔ోቇ౒ㅢ⑼⋡㧕‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧝㧟ᐕᐲ㧕‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 7 ᦬
࡮ ᧻ᶆ⦟ల‫ࠧࠞࠪޟ‬ᄢቇ‫ޡ✬┨ᧄ᦭ޠ‬ᄢቇߩࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓᡷ㕟‫₹ޔޢ‬Ꮉᄢቇ಴ㇱ‫ޔ‬2003

ᐕ‫ޔ‬264-281 㗁࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒Ɇߘߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴Ɇ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬
2004 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޡ‬2004 ᐕᐲోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡᝼ᬺⷐⷩ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ోޡ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ഀ⴫‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ࡮ ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ోޡ‬ቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ጁୃߩᚻᒁ߈‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕ࡮ ጟᧄᜏม‫࠼࡯ࠔࡧ࡯ࡂޟ‬ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇㇱᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᄢቇᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᐕႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬2 ภ‫ޔ‬ᣂẟᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒㐿⊒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬1996 ᐕ- 227 -࡮ ‫ޟ‬ೋᐕᰴߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ὼ⑼ቇታ㛎ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫⎇ޠ‬ⓥળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޟ‬ೋᐕᰴߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ὼ⑼ቇታ㛎ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫⎇ޠ‬ⓥળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬2002 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ᧲੩ᄢቇ ᄢቇ✚วᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬ᄢቇߩቇ჻⺖⒟ᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬㧔ᄢ✚࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
߽ߩߋࠄ߰ 1㧕‫᧲ޔ‬੩ᄢቇ 1997 ᐕ࡮ ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ WG ✬‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩలታࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡɆోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯Ɇ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬1998 ᐕ 3 ᦬
࡮ ోቇ྾ᐕ৻⽾ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓΣ‫ޢ‬ฬฎደᄢቇ‫ޔ‬1997 ᐕ 5᦬ᾋෙ‫ٳ‬ᾍᴾ
࡮The University of Chicago, The life of the mind, 2004
࡮The University of Chicago, Courses & Programs of Study The College, 2004ෳ⠨ࠨࠗ࠻ᾋ‫׎‬ϋᾍᴾ
ฬฎደᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/045.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡฬฎደᄢቇቇⴚᙗ┨http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sogo/kensho.html (2006/03/16)
ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᐕᐲ⸘↹http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/out/pdf/nendo_h17.pdf (2006/03/16)
ฬฎደᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆోቇᢎ⢒ߩၮᧄ⋡ᮡ
http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_1/index.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ోቇᢎ⢒ߩᨒ⚵ߺ࡮⑼⋡඙ಽߣߘߩౝኈ
http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_2/index.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
⑼⋡ߩ⋡⊛ߣߨࠄ޿
http://www.kyoiku-in.nagoya-u.ac.jp/html/1_zengaku/1_4/index.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ

- 228 -

http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/001.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡၮᧄℂᔨߣ㐳ᦼ⋡ᮡ
http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/bureau/info-j/kihonrinen.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᐕᐲ⸘↹http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/bureau/info-j/nendo-17.pdf㧔2006/03/16㧕
ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ⢻࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ోቇᢎ⢒ㇱ
http://infomain.academic.hokudai.ac.jp/center/inform/education.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕᧲ർᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.tohoku.ac.jp/japanese/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/010.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ᧲ർᄢቇߩ૶๮ߣ⋡ᮡ
http://www.tohoku.ac.jp/japanese/profile/profile2-1.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᐕᐲ⸘↹http://web.bureau.tohoku.ac.jp/kohyo/kicho/nenndokeikaku17.pdf (2006/03/16)
ోቇᢎ⢒⑼⋡ߩ᭎ⷐ
http://www.he.tohoku.ac.jp/center/kamoku/kamoku15.htm (2006/03/16)
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕᧲੩ᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index_j.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/021.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ᧲੩ᄢቇᙗ┨㩷
http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/gen02/b04_j.html㧔2005/02/07㧕

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ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᐕᐲ⸘↹http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/gen02/documents/keikaku1701.pdf (2006/03/16)
ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓౝኈ ೨ᦼ⺖⒟ᢎ⢒http://www.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/jpn/campus/curri_first.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕੩ㇺᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/052.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ੩ㇺᄢቇߩၮᧄℂᔨ
http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/uni_int/01_rinen/rinen.htm (2006/03/16)
ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲᐕᐲ⸘↹http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/uni_int/01_unei/documents/nendo1703.pdf (2006/03/16)
ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⋡⊛࡮⋡ᮡ
http://www.z.k.kyoto-u.ac.jp/zenkyo_purpose.html㧔2005/02/07㧕੩ㇺᄢቇߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟
http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kyoiku/03_kyou/curri.htm (2006/03/16)
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/055.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ
ᢎ⢒ℂᔨ
http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/jp/about/philosophy.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ోቇ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ᯏ᭴
http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/jp/academics/liberal_arts.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕

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਻Ꮊᄢቇ࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
http://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/㧔2005/02/07㧕ਛᦼ⋡ᮡ࡮ਛᦼ⸘↹http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/houjin/04042701/074.pdf㧔2005/02/07㧕ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ਻Ꮊᄢቇᢎ⢒ᙗ┨
http://www.gk.ofc.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ec/charter_j.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
਻Ꮊᄢቇቇⴚᙗ┨http://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp/charter/research/html/japanese.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ోቇᢎ⢒ߩ⋡⊛ߣ⋡ᮡ
http://mail.rche.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~rdche01/youkou/mokuteki&mokuhyou04.pdf
㧔2005/02/07㧕
౒ㅢ᝼ᬺ᭎ⷐ
http://mail.rche.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~rdche01/SYLLABUS/index-syllabus04.html
㧔2005/02/07㧕
⑼⋡඙ಽ৻ⷩ
http://hesvr.rche.kyushu-u.ac.jp/syllabus/2004.1/sdlist.html㧔2005/02/07㧕
ᄢቇ⹏ଔ࡮ቇ૏᝼ਈᯏ᭴‫ޟ‬࿖┙ᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻⁁㧙ታ⁁⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬
http://www.niad.ac.jp/sub_press/press_080.html㧔2005/02/07㧕ᾋෙ‫ٳ‬ᾍᴾ
The University of Michigan࠻࠶ࡊࡍ࡯ࠫ
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Harvard University
ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ
The Mission of Harvard College- 231 -

http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/handbooks/student/mission.html
ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒⋡ᮡ
Core Program Guide
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~core/redbook.html⑼⋡㗔ၞCore Curriculum Home
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~core/index.html⑼⋡
Foreign Cultures 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/ForeignCultures.html
Historical Study A࡮B 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/HistoricalStudy.html
Literature and Arts A࡮B࡮C 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/LiteratureandArts.html
Moral Reasoning 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/MoralReasoning.html
Quantitative Reasoning 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/QuantitativeReasoning.html
Science A࡮B 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/Science.html
Social Analysis 㗔ၞߩ⑼⋡http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/Courses/Core/SocialAnalysis.html
The University of Chicago⑼⋡㗔ၞ
Courses & Program of Study 2004-2006 The College of the University of Chicago
http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/liberal/index.shtml (2006/03/16)⑼⋡
Courses & Program of Study 2004-2006 The College of the University of Chicago
http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/liberal.shtml (2006/03/16)- 232 -

˄ᴾ ᚡᴾ ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩផㅴߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩᣇ‫ࠄ߆ޘ‬ᄙᄢߥߏදജࠍ㗂ᚬߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߎߦ⸥ߔߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߢࠎ⻯ޔ‬ᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒ߹ߔ㧔ᚲዻߪ 2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ᤨὐ㧕‫ޕ‬࡮ᗲ⍮ቇ㒮ᄢቇ ◉↰౏Ⓞᢎ᝼㧔೨ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮ᢎോᆔຬ㐳㧕࡮ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ⢻㐿⊒✚ว࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ዊ═ේᱜ᣿ᢎ᝼‫⷏ޔ‬᫪ᢅਯᢎ᝼
หᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮 ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ቟⮮ෘᢎ᝼࡮਻Ꮊᄢቇ ᄢቇ⹏ଔᖱႎቶ ዊḊථᄦഥᢎ᝼ ࡮ฬၔᄢቇੱ㑆ቇㇱ ᳰ↰ノ᡽ᢎ᝼ ࡮ਃ㊀ᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒ഃㅧ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ਛፉ⧷ඳഥᢎ᝼ ࡮ฬฎደᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮 ᴺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ự↰㆏ઍᢎ᝼  หᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮 Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ጊᧄ৻⦟ᢎ᝼  หᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮 ⅣႺቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ᧻ේノ↵ᢎ᝼หᄢቇ ᄢቇ㒮 ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ጊ↰ᒄ᣿ᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬ᄤ㊁᡽ජઍᢎ᝼  หᄢቇ ᢎ㙃ᢎ⢒㒮੐ോቶ߅ࠃ߮ᐢႎࡊ࡜ࠩߩߺߥߐࠎ  หᄢቇ 㜞╬ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࠕࠪࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ
ዊᨋ㚅ᄹ᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ࡮ ᐕᐲතᬺ㧕‫࠼࡯ࠟ࠮࡜࡮࠭ࡓ࡯ࠚࠫޔ‬᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ᢎ⢒⊒㆐⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟㧕‫ޔ‬ዊᨋసᏗ᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢቇᄢ
ቇ㒮 ᖱႎ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟㧕࡮ᄢ㒋ᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒ታ〣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ 㜞᧖ᩕ৻ᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬ጊᚑᢙ᣿ᢎ᝼
࡮℄⃿ᄢቇ ℂቇㇱ ᷰਭጊ┨ᢎ᝼‫ޔ‬หᄢቇ ᄢቇᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ⷏ᧄ⵨ノഥᢎ᝼࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ࠪࠞࠧᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱࡑࠗࠤ࡞࡮࡚ࠫ࡯ࡦ࠭ᢎ᝼
࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇ࠺࡟ࠢ࡮ࡏࠢᢎ᝼ቇ⠌࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ࠫࠚ࡯ࡓࠬ࡮࠙ࠖ࡞ࠠࡦ࠰ࡦᢎ᝼
࡮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ࡒࠪࠟࡦᄢቇ㜞╬ᢎ⢒࡮ࡐࠬ࠻࠮ࠞࡦ࠳࡝࡯ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ࡄ࠻࡝ࠪࠕ࡮ࠠࡦࠣᢎ᝼  หᄢቇᢎ᝼ቇ⠌⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ࠦࡦࠬ࠲ࡦࠬ࡮ࠢ࠶ࠢᢎ᝼

- 233 -

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