The Fulbrighter In Nagoya No.28

Ⴘഏ୊ 1 হ ໨Ծ బ ໌‫ݻ‬Բ୉ָ୉ָӅਕช‫ڂݜ‬Ռ ‫گ‬द೶Ռָͳ‫گޢݶ‬үʁ೶ժ଀΢ϟʖζϱή͹Ԣ༽Ν஦ৼͶ (ߪԍճ གྷࢭঠ࿧)୊ 2 হ ஏଞΊΑ͘ Ѭஎ୉ָ‫ܨ‬Өָ෨ ঁ‫گ‬ธࠅ઎े຿͗ԍͣͪʰ΢ϱυΡΠϱʱʗCharles A. Eastman ͳ Angel De Cora ͹खΕૌΊΝ௪͢ͱʗ
3.ճແๅࠄ
ճଉ
ༀҽ໌฿

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ᮌୗ
ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ◊✲⛉ᚭᩍᤵ2018 ᖺᗘྡྂᒇࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
ㅮ₇఍ せ᪨ᢒ㘓⬻⛉Ꮫ࡜ゝㄒᩍ⫱㸸⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟
ࡇࡢㅮ₇࡛ࡣࠊ⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢࡢゝㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ࣭ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄽ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱␎௨ୗࡢ㸲ࡘࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࡢධ㛛ⓗゎㄝࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ㸯 ⬻ࡢᵓ㐀࡜⬻ᶵ⬟ࡢᴫほ㸰 ⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢᡭἲࡢゎㄝ㸱 ◊✲౛⤂௓㸲 ௒ᚋࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ㄢ㢟
1. ⬻ࡢᵓ㐀࡜⬻ᶵ⬟ࡢᴫほࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡲࡎࠊ᭱ึࡢ⬻ࡢᴫほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ゎ๗Ꮫⓗ࡞༊ศࡅࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊே㛫ࡢ⬻ࡣᕥྑ༙⌫ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ୧༙⌫࡜ࡶࠊ୍␒
኱ࡁ࡞㒊ศࢆ༨ࡵࡿ኱⬻⓶㉁ࡣࠊ๓㢌ⴥࠊഃ㢌ⴥࠊ㢌㡬ⴥࠊᚋ㢌ⴥࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ༊1ᇦ࡟኱ูࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡲࡎᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡼࡾヲ⣽࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ๓㢌ⴥࡣࠊᩥᏐ㏻ࡾ
⬻ࡢ๓᪉࡟࠶ࡾࠊ⬻ࡢ๓ᚋࡢ᪉ྥ࡟㉮ࡿእഃ⁁࡜࠸࠺⓶㉁ࡢࡃࡰࡳ㸻⁁࡜ࠊ⬻ࡢᕥྑࡢ᪉ྥ࡟㉮ࡿ୰ᚰ⁁࡜࠸࠺⁁࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅖࡲࢀࠊഃ㢌ⴥࡣࠊእഃ⁁ࡢୗഃ࡛ࠊ㢌㡬ᚋ㢌⁁࡜࠸࠺⁁ࡢ๓᪉ࢆ༨ࡵࠊ㢌㡬ⴥࡣࠊ୰ᚰ⁁ࡼࡾᚋ᪉࡛㢌㡬ᚋ㢌⁁ࡢ๓᪉ࠊእഃ⁁ࡼࡾୖࡢ༊ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱ᚋࡢᚋ㢌ⴥࡣࠊ㢌㡬ᚋ㢌⁁ࡼࡾᚋ᪉ࡢᚋ㢌㒊ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᣦࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱⬻⓶㉁ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ⬻ࡢ୰࡛㸪ゝㄒ᝟ሗࢆྵࡴࠊᵝࠎ࡞ே㛫ࡢႠࡳࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ฎ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྂ᮶ᵝࠎ࡞ㄝࡀၐ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࡀࠊẚ㍑ⓗ㛗ࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸰ࡘࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᒁᅾㄝ࡜೫ᅾㄝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
኱㞧ᢕ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᶵ⬟ᒁᅾㄝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࡣ⬻ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㒊఩ࡀ㸪୰ᚰⓗ࡟ᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛ࠊ೫ᅾㄝࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᐃ㒊఩ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⬻඲య࡛ฎ⌮ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢㄝࡣࠊཝᐦ࡟ࡣࠊ
⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ᏶඲࡟Ỵ╔ࡀࡘ࠸ࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼ࡎࠊࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࢆ࠶ࡿព࿡࡛⤫ྜࡍࡿ⪃࠼࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ௬ㄝ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡶၐ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ༶
ࡕࠊ࠶ࡿᶵ⬟ࡣࠊ⬻ࡢᵝࠎ࡞㒊఩ࡀࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡
ࢡࡀ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ㒊఩ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ゝㄒᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺ㸪ゝㄒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡢࡶࠊ⏘ฟࡍࡿࡢࡶࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛
▱ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ௨ୖ࡟ከࡃࡢ⟠ᡤࡀ㛵୚ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢㅮ₇࡛ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾ࠶࠼ࡎࠊẚ㍑ⓗ᪩ᮇ࠿ࡽ▱ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠊ๓㢌ⴥࡢୗ㒊࡛ࡢ┒ࡾୖࡀࡗࡓ㒊ศ㸦ᅇ㸧࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࣈ࣮ࣟ࢝㔝ࢆࠊ⏘ฟ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ྠᵝ࡟ࠊഃ㢌ⴥࡢୖ㒊࡛ࡸࡸᚋ᪉࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ࢙࢘ࣝࢽࢣ㔝ࢆࠊ⌮ゎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺㒊఩࡜ࡋ࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋ㸰⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢᡭἲࡢゎㄝࡘ࠸࡛ࠊࡇࡢㅮ₇࡛ࡣࠊゝㄒࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞⬻ࡢാࡁࢆᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲࠊ

≉࡟ࠊ㏆ᖺⓎ㐩ࡀⴭࡋ࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ୺
せ࡞ᢏἲࢆゎㄝࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⬻⚄⤒άື⮬యࢆື࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊ௜㝶ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡿ⬻⾑ὶࡢቑῶࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࠊ⬻⚄⤒άᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸰✀㢮࡟኱ูࡉࢀ

ࡿࠋ๓⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⬻Ἴィ࡜ࠊࡇࡇ࡛⤂௓ࡍࡿᢏἲࡢ୰࡛ࡣ᭱ࡶ᪂ࡋ࠸⬻☢ィ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⬻Ἴィࡣࠊ⬻ࡢ⚄⤒άື࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿ㟁఩ࡢኚ໬ࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⬻☢ィࡣࠊ⬻⚄⤒άື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

2ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ☢ሙࡢኚ໬ࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㝧㟁Ꮚ᩿ᒙ᧜ᙳἲ(PET)ࠊ☢Ẽඹ㬆⏬ീἲ(fMRI)ࠊ㏆㉥እศගἲ(fNIRS)࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ἲࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ⬻⚄⤒άື࡟㝶కࡍࡿ⬻⾑ὶࡢኚ໬ࢆ

ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊPET ࡔࡅࡣᨺᑕᛶྠ఩యࢆྵࡴ⸆๣ࢆὀᑕ࡟ࡼࡾᢞ୚ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ་Ꮫ⏝ㄒ࡛࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁࡢ౵くⓗᢏἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲೔⌮ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡶࠊ೺ᖖ⪅࡟ࡣ౑⏝ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡢ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ௚ࡢ㸲ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊᡭ⾡ࡸ⸆≀ࡢὀᑕ࡟ࡼࡿᢞ୚➼ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸Ⅼ࡛㠀౵くⓗᢏἲ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࠋfMRI ࡣࠊ⾑ᾮ୰ࡢ㓟⣲໬࣊ࣔࢢࣟࣅࣥ࡜⬺㓟⣲໬࣊ࣔࢢࣟࣅࣥࡀࡶࡘࠊ☢Ẽඹ㬆⌧㇟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᧠஘ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ㐪࠸㸦ᚋ⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ඹ㬆⌧㇟ࡀᙅࡲࡿ㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚⬻άືࡢྛ㒊఩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈿άࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆྍど໬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㏆㉥እศගἲ㸦fNIRS㸧ࡣ⾑ὶ୰ࡢ㓟⣲໬࣊ࣔࢢࣟࣅࣥ࡜⬺㓟⣲໬࣊ࣔࢢࣟࣅࣥࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ≉ᐃࡢἼ㛗ࡢ㏆㉥እගࢆ྾཰ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᛶ㉁ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ⬻άືࡢྛ㒊఩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᙉᙅࢆ⏬ീ໬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏἲࡢ㛗ᡤ▷ᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⬻Ἴィࡣࠊ⿦⨨ࡀ⡆౽࡛Ᏻ౯࡞ࡇ࡜ࡸ㌟
య࡬ࡢᣊ᮰ᛶࡣపࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊ⬻⚄⤒άື⮬యࢆィࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ✵㛫ศゎ⬟㸪༶ࡕࠊ⬻ἼࡢⓎ⏕※ࡢ㒊఩ࢆ✵㛫ⓗ࡟⢭ᐦ࡟≉ᐃࡍࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋfMRI ࡣࡑࡢ཯ᑐ࡟ࠊ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
⬻⚄⤒άືࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ⾑ὶࡢኚ໬ࢆᑐ㇟
࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⿦⨨⮬యࡶ㧗౯࡛ࠊ☢Ẽࢩ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣒ࣝࡀᚲせ➼ࠊ⿦⨨ࡀ኱᥃࠿ࡾ࡛ࠊ㌟యࡢᣊ᮰ᛶ
ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ⬻☢ィࡣࠊ⬻⚄⤒άື⮬యࢆᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣ໚ㄽࠊ✵㛫ศゎ⬟࡟ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᆅ☢Ẽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ே㛫ࡢ⬻࡟࠾ࡅࡿ☢Ẽࡢኚ໬ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᴟࡵ࡚ᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵࠊᆅ☢Ẽࡑࡢ௚⎔ቃࣀ࢖ࢬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑐ⟇ࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚౯᱁㠃࡛ࠊfMRI ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ࡟㧗౯࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㏆㉥እศගἲࡣࠊ⿦⨨ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ⡆౽࡛౯᱁ࡶ⬻Ἴィࡼࡾࡣ㧗࠸ࡀ fMRI ࡸ⬻☢ィࡼࡾࡣࡎࡗ࡜Ᏻ౯࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘࠊ㌟యᣊ᮰ࡶ⬻Ἴィ୪ࡳ࡟ప࠸࡜࠸࠺㛗ᡤࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㏆㉥እศගἲࡣࠊ᫬㛫ศゎ⬟࡛ࡣ⬻Ἴィࡸ⬻☢ィࡼࡾࡣຎࡿࡀࠊfMRI ࡼࡾࡣከᑡୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣࠊfMRI
ࡸ⬻☢ィ࡟ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾຎࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ๓⪅ࡀᩘ࣑ࣜ༢఩ࡢ࣎ࢡࢭ࡛ࣝ⬻ࡢ⾲㠃ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⬻ࡢ୰ᚰ㒊ࡲ࡛❧యⓗ࡟ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㏆㉥እศගἲࡣࠊ

ᩘࢭࣥࢳ༢఩࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘࠊ⬻ࡢ⾲㠃㸻⓶㉁ࡋ࠿

3ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

3. ◊✲౛⤂௓⬻ࡢᵓ㐀࡜ᶵ⬟ࠊ⬻⏬ീࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢࡢ୺せ࡞ᩘ✀㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊゎㄝࡋࡓᚋࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊᮌୗ௚
㸦2007㸧ࡢྠᚿ♫ዪᏊ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍ཱྀ࡛㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝ
ࢸ࢕࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ᩍᮦࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ⫈ゎ࣭ㄞゎ」ྜㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀᏛ⩦᪉␎ࢆㄢ㢟㐙⾜ࡢ㏵୰࡛࠿࠼ࡓ๓ᚋ࡛ࡢࠊ๓㢌ⴥࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ⬻⾑ὶࡢኚ໬ࢆほᐹࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ஦ᚋ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࠊᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ᪉␎ࢆ࠿࠼ࡓ
┤ᚋࠊ⌮ゎᗘࡀண᝿እ࡟ୗࡀࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ୍᫬࠿࡞ࡾៃ࡚ࡓ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࠋヱᙜࡍࡿ᫬้࡛ࡢ⾑ὶࡣ㢧ⴭ࡟ቑຍࡋࠊᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢドゝࢆ⿬ᡴࡕࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋḟ࠸࡛ࠊKinoshita and Oish (2008)ࡢࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ᛂ⏝ゝㄒᏛ఍㸦AILA㸧ཱྀ࡛㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣẕㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢ㊥㞳࡜⬻⾑ὶࡢ㛵ಀࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊẕㄒ࡜┠ᶆゝㄒࡢ㊥㞳ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ㏆࠸⩌࡜㐲࠸⩌࡛ࡣࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊྠ୍ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟⬻⾑ὶࡢቑຍࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊࡑࡢศࠊㄆ▱㈇Ⲵࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㧗㣕௚㸦2014㸧࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜே᪥ᮏ
ㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄞゎࡣẕㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ୰ᅜㄒ࡛ࡢ₎Ꮠࡢ▱㆑ࡀᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊㄆ▱㈇Ⲵࡀᑡ࡞࠸୍᪉ࠊ⫈ゎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢᵝ࡞ẕㄒ࠿ࡽࡢṇࡢ㌿⛣ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊKajiura et al.(2018) ࡛ࡣࠊࢺࣛࣥ
ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࢆే⏝ࡋࡓ㏿⫈カ⦎ࡢຠᯝࢆࠊ⾜ືࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ௚ࠊ⬻⾑ὶࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡶ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊୖグ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ㸲ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕࠊྂ࠸ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ㸱ࡘࡣඛ࡟ゎㄝࡋࡓᢏἲ࡛
ࡣ㏆㉥እศගἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋࡢࡶࡢࡣ fMRI ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
4. ௒ᚋࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ㄢ㢟
ㅮ₇ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞㠃࡛ࡢ⏘ฟ㠃ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ┿ࡢ⬻άື࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿಙྕ࡜ࣀ࢖ࢬࡢ
ຠᯝⓗศ㞳ࡢၥ㢟ࡸࠊࡼࡾཎ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟㐙⾜࡜⬻ࡢ㈿άࡢ㛵ಀࡢ᥈ồࡀ⬻ෆ࡛ࡢ᝟ሗฎ⌮࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ゎ᫂࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
㸦㸯㸧ࣂ࢖ࣜࣥ࢞ࣝࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢၥ㢟ࡶど㔝࡟࠸ࢀࡓࠊ➨ 1࣭➨㸰ゝㄒࡢ୰ᯡࡢ≉ᐃࠊ㸦㸰㸧㸦㸯㸧࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࠊᣑᩓࢸࣥࢯࣝ⏬ീ➼࡟ࡼࡾᡈࡿ⛬ᗘ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⬻ෆࡢ⚄⤒ᇶ┙ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ᥈ồࠊ㸦㸱㸧ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢேࡢ㛫࡛ࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃4៖ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ◊✲ࡢ⮬↛࡞ᒎ㛤᪉ྥ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠊ༠ྠᏛ⩦࡜」ᩘࡢேࡢ⬻ࡢᐃࠊ㸦㸲㸧⩦⇍ᗘࡸゝㄒ᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡢ⮬ື໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢᣦᶆࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊ㸦㸳㸧↓ព㆑ⓗ཯ᛂ

ᐃࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓຠᯝⓗᩍᤵἲ➼ࢆྵࡴࣂ࢖࢜ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡⓗ౑⏝ࠊࡑࡢ௚࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
㸦㸴㸧⬻⾑ὶࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ኱つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣐࢖
ࢽࣥࢢᡭἲࡢᛂ⏝ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ㠀౵くⓗ࡞⤒㢌⵹ⓗ☢Ẽ่⃭ἲ➼࡟ࡼࡿࠊ⬻ෆࡢゝㄒᶵ⬟ࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿྛ✀ᶵ⬟ࡢᒁᅾㄝࡢ᳨ド➼➼ࠊ௒ᚋࡢ⬻⛉ᏛࡢⓎᒎ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍከ✀ከ⏝࡞ྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ

5

ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ
ᮌୗᚭࠊᐑᮏ⠇Ꮚࠊ኱▼ᬕ⨾ࠊ௒஭⿱அࠊᰗၿ࿴
ࠕ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ᩍᮦ฼⏝᫬ࡢど⥺⛣ື㊥㞳ࠊ⛣ື㏿ᗘࠊ▖Ꮝᚄ࡜⬻⾑ὶ㔞ኚ໬㸸L2 Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࠿ࡽࠖᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ◊✲఍ࠊ2007 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 20
᪥ Ⓨ⾲㈨ᩱ
.LQRVKLWD7RUXDQG2LVKL+DUXPL´&RJQLWLYHUHVRXUFHVDQGlinguistic
GLVWDQFHVLQHTXDOLWLHVDPRQJ¶HTXDO· L2 proficiency groupsµ$,/$
(August, 29, 2008) Presentation Material.
㧗㣕ࠊᮌୗᚭ㸪Ლᾆ┾⏤⨾ (2014) ࠕ୰ᅜㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢㄞゎ࡜⫈ゎ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄆ▱ⓗ㈇Ⲵࡢẚ㍑ࠖ➨ 25 ᅇ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ◊✲఍(JASLA)඲ᅜ
኱఍ண✏㞟, pp83-88.
Kajiura, M., Hyeonjeong, J., Kawata, Y. S. N., YU, S., Kinoshita, T.,
Kawashima, R., Sugiura, M. The ´Effects of L2 Fast-rate Listening Training
Combined with Transcript Reading and Brain Activity.µ
24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, June,
2018, Presentation Material.

6

ᇹ2ᇘ

⡿ᅜඛఫẸࡀ₇ࡌࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
̿Charles A. Eastman ࡜ Angel De Cora ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚̿ᆅᮧࡳࡺࡁឡ▱኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊ຓᩍ㸦2018 ᖺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽ㸧ࡇࢇ࡟ࡕࡣࠋඛ࡯࡝ࡈ⤂௓ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓᆅᮧࡳࡺࡁ࡜⏦ࡋࡲࡍࠋ2011 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2012 ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺࡢ༤ኈㄽᩥ◊✲ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࣑ࢩ࢞ࣥᕞ❧኱Ꮫ࡛Ꮫࡧࡲࡋࡓࠋ
2016 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟ྠᚿ♫኱Ꮫ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝◊✲⛉ࡢ༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ࢆಟ஢ࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡣឡ▱┴ෆࡢ」ᩘࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
௒ᅇࡣࡇࡕࡽ࡛ึࡵ࡚࠾ヰࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡢ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡢ௒ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⚾ࡣࠊ
ࠕ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛ
ఫẸ࡟ࡼࡿඛఫẸ⾲㇟ࡢᡓ␎ⓗ฼⏝ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋఱᨾࠊ⚾ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝
ඛఫẸࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᏛࡰ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࢆ⏕ࡁࡓඛఫẸࡓࡕࡣࠊᙼࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟௜ࡁྜࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ࠾ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ1

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ࡇࡢ 1 ᭶࠿ࡽࠊࢫ࣑ࢯࢽ࢔ࣥࡢ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ༤≀㤋࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ᒎ♧ࡀጞࡲࡾࡲ
ࡋࡓ1ࠋࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣ´Americansµࠋᒎ♧ࡢෑ㢌࡛ぢᏛ⪅ࡓࡕ࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㉁ၥࡣࠊࡇࢀ࡛
ࡍࠋ͆Why are Indian images everywhere?µ ⚾ࡣࡲࡔࡇࡢᒎ♧ࢆᐇ㝿࡟ࡣぢ࡟⾜ࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࡢ␲ၥࡇࡑࡀࠊ⚾ࡀඛఫẸࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡁࡗ
࠿ࡅ࡛ࡋࡓࠋⓙࡉࡲࡈᏑ▱ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⥲ேཱྀࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ศࢆඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿேࡣ⣙ 1㸣ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢫ࣑ࢯࢽ࢔ࣥࡢᒎ♧ࢆ௻⏬ࡋࡓ࣏࣮࣭ࣝ
ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ㸦Paul Chaat Smith㸧ࡢゝⴥࢆ೉ࡾࡿ࡜ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ༡す㒊࡞࡝ࠊ≉ᐃࡢᆅᇦ࡟ࡣ┠࡟ぢ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ඛఫẸࡢேࠎࡣ⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸࡣࣦ࢕ࢪࣈ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡣࠊ᪥ᖖࡢ࠶
ࡽࡺࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ2ࠋࢡ࣮ࣜࣈࣛࣥࢻ࣭࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢬࡣ᭱㏆ࠊ2019 ᖺࡢࢩ࣮ࢬࣥ࠿ࡽ
ࠕࢳ࣮ࣇ࣭࣡ࣇ࣮㸦ᅗ㸯ཧ↷㸧ࠖࡢ࣐ࢫࢥࢵࢺࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡵࡓࡑ࠺࡛ࡍ3ࡅ࡝ࠊࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢ࣐ࢫࢥࢵࢺၥ㢟ࡶᮍࡔ࡟࠶

ᅗ 1. Chief Wahooࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀᮍࡔ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊࡑ
ࢀࡔࡅࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࠾ࡼࡧ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࠊษࡗ࡚ࡶษࢀ࡞࠸῝࠸ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࢆ⏕ࡁࡓඛఫẸࡓࡕࡀࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡟ⓑேࡢᮇᚅࡍࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡟௜ࡁྜ࠸ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡢ࠿ࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊ௒࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡀㄽᩥ࡛ᢅࡗࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ࡜ࠊྠ໬ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓඛఫẸࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠋ
2. ㄒྃࠊどᗙࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅᮏ㢟࡟⛣ࡿ๓࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿㄒྃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᮏሗ࿌ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃே฿᮶௨๓࠿ࡽ໭⡿ࡢᆅ࡟ᒃఫࡋ࡚࠸ࡓேࠎ࡜ࡑ
ࡢᏊᏞࡢ⥲⛠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕඛఫẸࠖࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡑࡢಶࠎࡢ㞟ᅋ࡟ゝཬࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠕ㒊᪘ࠖ࡞࠸ࡋࡣಶேࡢฟ㌟ࠕ㒊᪘ࠖࡢྡ⛠ࢆ౑࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࡢሗ࿌ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆࠊⓑே࡟ࡼࡾసࡾฟࡉࢀࡓ࢔
1³$PHULFDQV´ The National Museum of American Indians, accessed on February 21, 2018,
http://nmai.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/item/?id=957.
2 ³7KH0RVW$PHULFDQ7KLQJ(YHU,VLQ)DFW$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV,´Primer, accessed on February 21, 2018,https://walkerart.org/magazine/paul-chaat-smith-jimmie-durham-americans-nmai-smithsonian.
3 David Waldstein, ³&OHYHODQG,QGLDQV:LOO$EDQGRQ&KLHI:DKRR/RJR1H[W<HDU,´The New York Times, January
29, 2018, accessed on February 21, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/sports/baseball/cleveland-indianschief-wahoo-logo.html.; ࣟࢦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢࢧ࢖ࢺࢆཧ↷ࠋ ³&OHYHODQG,QGLDQV/RJRV´Chris Creamer¶V
SPORTSLOGOS.NET, accessed on March 2, 2018,www.sportslogos.net/logos/view/5799872014/Cleveland_Indians/2014/Alternate_Logo.

2࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ࢖ࣉࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᚋ࡟ඛఫẸࡢேࠎࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡋࠊ᭩ࡁ࠿
࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ♧ࡍゝⴥ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊⓑேࢆᶍ⠊࡜ࡍࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝୺ὶ♫఍࡬ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫ
Ẹࡢࠕྠ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛౑⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌࡛฼⏝ࡍࡿどⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢሗ࿌࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊඛఫẸࢆࢪ࢙ࣛࣝ
ࢻ࣭ࣦ࢕ࢮࢼ࣮㸦Gerald Vizenor㸧ࡢసࡗࡓࠕࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫࠖ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄒࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡜ࡣࠊ༢࡟⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊⓑே࡟ࡼࡿᨭ
㓄࡬ࡢ᢬ᢠ࡜࠸࠺⬟ືⓗ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡢඛఫẸࡢᏑᅾ࡜ඛఫẸࡢㄒࡾࡢ⥅⥆ࢆ♧ࡍゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍ4ࠋࡇࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊⓑேࡀඛఫẸࢆᚰ㌟࡜ࡶ࡟ᨭ㓄ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ᳜Ẹᆅ୺⩏ⓗ࡞≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊⓑேࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍࠕᨭ㓄ࠊᝒ๻ࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅໬5ࠖ࡟᢬ᢠࡋ⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡓ✚ᴟⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ඛఫẸࢆㄞࡳ࡜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠࡌࡇ
࡜࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࢡࣞ࢖ࢢ࣭S࣭࢛࣐࢘ࢵࢡ(Craig S. Womack)࡟ࡼࡿࠕIndianization (࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔
ࣥ໬ࠊඛఫẸ໬)6ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊⓑேࠕᩥ᫂ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸࡢྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࠕྠ໬ࠖࡸࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖࡀࠕ୍᪉ྥࠖ࡟ࡋ࠿ྥ࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ⓑே⮳ୖ୺⩏ⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛ඛఫẸ⾲㇟ࢆㄒࡿࡘࡶࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊⓑேࡀඛఫẸࢆࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ໬ࠖࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊඛఫẸࡶⓑேࢆࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ໬ࠖࡋ
ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊⓙࡉࢇࡈᏑ▱ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᳜Ẹᆅ୺⩏ࡢ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋඛఫẸࡢ⾲㇟ࡢ◊✲ࡢ➨୍ே⪅࡛࠶ࡿࣟ࢖࣭ࣁ࣮ࣦ࢙࢖࣭ࣆ࢔ࢫ
㸦Roy Harvey Pearce㸧ࡣࠊSavagism and Civilization ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊⓑேࡀࠕ㔝⻅ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ᫂ࠖ࡜࠸࠺஧㡯ᑐ❧ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛⮬㌟ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
ࡣⓑே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡜ࡣ඲ࡃṇ཯ᑐࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࠕ㔝⻅ࠖ࡞௚⪅ࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕᩥ
᫂ࠖࡢᣑᙇࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢṇᙜᛶࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠊዲ㒔ྜ࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡣࠊࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭F࣭ࣂ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣇ࢓࣮㸦Robert F. Berkhofer㸧ࡸࢩ࢙
࣮࣭ࣜL࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ㸦Sherry L. Smith㸧࡞࡝ࡢࠊⓑேࡀ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡍࡿ௚⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕
࢔ࣥࠖ⾲㇟◊✲࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊⓑேࡀ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ௚⪅ࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿඛఫẸᨻ⟇࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ7ࠋ
4

Gerald Vizenor ed., Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008), 1.
Gerald Vizenor, Manifest Manners: Narrative on Postindian Survivance (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,
1999), vii.
6
Craig S. Womack, Red on Red: Native American Literary Separatism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1999), 12.
7
Robert F. Berkhofer, 7KH:KLWH0DQ¶V,QGLDQ,PDJHVRIWKH$PHULFDQ,QGLDQIURP&ROXPEXVWRWKH3UHVHQW (NewYork: Vintage Books, 1979); Sherry L. Smith, Reimagining Indians: Native Americans through Anglo Eyes, 18801940 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). ඛఫẸ⾲㇟ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣࠊMiyuki Yamamoto-LPXUD ³7UXO\,QGLDQ«7UXO\$PHULFDQ1DWLYH$PHULFDQ$FWLYLVPDQG,GHQWLW\DWWKH7XUQRIWKH7ZHQWLHWK&HQWXU\´ 3K'GLVV Doshisha University, 2016), 8-14, accessed February 21, 2018,https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/23039/zk778.pdf, Doshisha University Academic Repository ࠾ࡼࡧ
Pauline Turner Strong, American Indians and the American Imaginary: Cultural Representation across the Centuries(New York: Paradigm Publishers, 2013), 4-16 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
53ࡑࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊⓑே࡟ࡼࡿඛఫẸ⾲㇟ࡢᵓ⠏࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨭ㓄ຊࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣ᳜Ẹᆅ୺⩏ࡢᙳ㡪ୗ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊඛఫẸࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⮬㌟ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡸ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ᵓ⠏࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚᮶ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࠊⓑே࡟ࡼࡿᨭ㓄ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮⏤࡛ⓑே࡟ࡼࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢᵓ⠏ࡔࡅࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ
⤖ᒁࡑࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊඛఫẸࡀṔྐⓗ࡟ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࠊᕷẸᶒࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࠊᙼࡽࡢಖ
␃ᆅ࡬ࡢᒃఫࡸᩥ໬ⓗ㑇⏘ࡢ⥅⥆ࢆチࡉࢀࡓ 8 ࠖࠊⓑேࡢᚁ᭹ࡢࠕཷ㌟ࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅(passive
victim)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࢆㄽドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪᵓ⠏࡬ࡢඛఫẸࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ◊✲⪅୍࡛␒᭷ྡ࡞ࡢ
ࡣࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࣭J࣭ࢹࣟࣜ࢔㸦Philip J. Deloria㸧ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢹࣟࣜ࢔ࡣ

´Playing InGLDQµ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࢆసࡾࠊⓑேࡀ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇ࡟ඛఫẸࡶࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢹࣟࣜ࢔ࡣࡑ࠺࠸
ࡗࡓඛఫẸࡀࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ┤㠃ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㏫ㄝⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊඛఫẸࡓࡕࡣࠊඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ࢖ࣉࢆኚ࠼
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡓࡢ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟ࠊᮏ≀ࡢඛఫẸࡀࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
ࢆ₇ࡌࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡑࡢࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ࢖ࣉࢆᐇࡣᙉ໬ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ9ࠋ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ༠఍㸦The Society of American Indians㸧࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡓඛఫẸࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࣮ࣝࢩ࣮࣭࣐ࢻࢵࢡࢫ㸦Lucy Maddox㸧ࡶࢹࣟࣜ࢔ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆゝࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍ10ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡟ྥࡁྜࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ
࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࠊ୺ὶ♫఍࡟ᙼࡽࡀពぢࢆⓎಙࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿᩘᑡ࡞࠸ᡭẁࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋᮏሗ࿌࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ
(Charles A. Eastman)ࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࣝࢹࢥࣛ(Angel De Cora)ࡢ 2 ேࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀⓑே୺ὶ♫఍ࡢඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᮇᚅࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊⓑேࡢᏊ౪࠾ࡼࡧඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡀᛮ࠸ᥥࡃࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖീࢆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡟ᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡲ
ࡎࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽࡦࡶゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
3㸬20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࡢඛఫẸࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ≧ἣ
20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࠊࡘࡲࡾ 19 ୡ⣖ᮎ࠿ࡽ 20 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊඛఫẸࡣࠊඛఫẸᩍ⫱ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿྠ໬ᨻ⟇ࡸṊຊ࡟ࡼࡿẸ᪘ί໬࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀཎᅉ࡛ࠕ⤯⁛ࠖࡢ㐨ࢆ㎺ࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸീࡢ⨾໬࡜⛠㈶࡜࠸࠺ࠊ୍ぢࠊ┦཯ࡍࡿ஧ࡘࡢ₻ὶࡢ୰࡟࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢྠ໬ᨻ⟇ࡢ୺㍈࡛࠶ࡗࡓಖ␃ᆅእࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯࡣࠊඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟ࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࢆᶍ⠊࡜ࡍࡿ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୺ὶ♫఍࡬ࡢඛఫẸࡢྠ໬ࢆಁࡋ

8

Maureen Konkle, Writing Indian Nations: Native Intellectuals and the Politics of Historiography, 1827-1863(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 7.
Philip J. Deloria, Playing Indian (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 126.
10 Lucy Maddox, Citizen Indians: Native American Intellectuals, Race & Reform (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
2005), 4.
94ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢಖ␃ᆅእࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࠊಖ␃ᆅෆ࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡓ᫨㛫ᏛᰯࡸᐤᐟᏛ
ᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛఫẸᩍ⫱ࢆࠊࡼࡾᛴ㐍ⓗ࡞ྠ໬ᨻ⟇࡬࡜㌿᥮ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋඛఫẸࢆࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖ࡟᏶඲࡟ྠ໬ࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕ㔝⻅࡞ࠖᩥ໬័⩦ࡀᑡࡋ࡛ࡶṧࡿಖ␃ᆅࡸࡑࡢᐙ᪘࠿
ࡽᏊ౪ࢆ㝸㞳ࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ11ಖ␃ᆅእࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ୍࡚␒᭷ྡ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣉࣛࢵࢺ㸦Richard H.
Pratt㸧ࡀ 1879 ᖺ࡟๰❧ࡋࡓࠊ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᕤᴗᏛᰯ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣛࢵࢺࡣࠊ
ಖ␃ᆅ࠿ࡽඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪ࢆ༙ࡤᙉไⓗ࡟㐃ࢀཤࡾࠊ␗࡞ࡿ㒊᪘ฟ㌟ࡢᏊ౪ࢆࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟
ࡋ࡚㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࡛ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡉࡏࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡢᏛᰯࢆ๰❧ࡋࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ㸰ཧ↷㸧ࠋ

ᅗ 2. ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᕤᴗᏛᰯࡢඛఫẸࡢ⏕ᚐࡓࡕ(c.1900).

ᅗ 3. 3 ேࡢࣛࢥࢱ᪘ࡢ⏨Ꮚ㸦ࣅࣇ࢛࣮㸤࢔ࣇࢱ࣮㸧Ꮫᰯ࡟฿╔ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᏊ౪ࡣ㧥ࢆษࡽࢀࠊὒ⿦ࡢไ᭹࡬࡜╔᭰࠼ࡉࡏࡽࢀࠊすὒ㢼ࡢྡ๓࡟ᨵྡࡉࡏࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱ཧ↷㸧12ࠋࣉࣛࢵࢺࡢᛮ᝿ࢆ⾲ࡍゝⴥ࡛᭷ྡ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕
11ᐑୗᩗᚿࠕ⡿ᅜඛఫẸࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖᩍ⫱ʊࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ㎰ᴗᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶࡜ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࠖࠗ❧࿨㤋ᩥᏥ࠘ ➨ 604 ྕ㸦2008 ᖺ 2 ᭶㸧ࠊ190 㡫ࠋ෗┿ࡣ௨ୗࡢࢧ࢖ࢺࢆཧ↷ࠋ"Carlisle Indian School Students[Photograph]," Children and Youth in History, Item #291, accessed on February 21, 2018,
http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/items/show/291.
12John Nicholas Choate, Three Sioux Boys²Before, undated, Boudoir Size Photo Collection, Cumberland County
Historical Society, accessed on February 20, 2018, http://carlisleindian.historicalsociety.com/images/three-siouxboys-before/; John Nicholas Choate, Three Sioux Boys²After, undated, Indian School Albums, Cumberland County
Historical Society, accessed on February 20, 2018, http://carlisleindian.historicalsociety.com/images/three-siouxboys-after/.

5࢔ࣥࢆẅࡋࠊே㛫ࢆᩆ࠼㸦Kill the Indian in him and save the man㸧ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪ࡣࠊ௒ࡲ࡛ࡢᩥ໬័⩦ࢆࡍ࡭࡚ྲྀࡾ㝖࠿ࢀࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢⓑே⮳ୖ୺⩏♫఍ࡢᗏ㎶࡟ᒓࡍࡿ⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ᕷẸ࡜࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃࠊすὒⓗ౯್ほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᛶูᙺ๭ศᴗࡢᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓ
ࡢ࡛ࡍ13ࠋ
1887 ᖺ࡟ไᐃࡉࢀࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔୍ࣥ⯡ᅵᆅ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ἲ㸦ࢻ࣮ࢬἲ㸧ࡣࠊಖ␃ᆅࡢᅵᆅࢆ
๭ㆡࡋ࡚ಶே࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ඛఫẸࡢඹྠయⓗ⏕άࢆศゎࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
1890 ᖺࡢ࣮࢘ࣥࢹࢵࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ⹢ẅ㸦ᅗ㸲ཧ↷㸧ࡣࠊከࡃࡢேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ඛఫẸࡢ᭱ᚋࡢṊຊ᢬ᢠࠊࡑࡋ࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡢࠕ⤯⁛ࠖࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓ14ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡣඛఫẸᩍ⫱ࡸࢻ࣮ࢬἲࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྠ໬ᨻ⟇ࡸࠊ࣮࢘ࣥࢹࢵࢻࢽ࣮ࡢ⹢ẅࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṋຊࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㥑㏲࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࠿ࡽ࠸ࡎࢀ࠸࡞

ᅗ 4.. ᪂⪺࡟
࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ࣮࢘ࣥࢹࢵࢻࢽ
ࢽ࣮
ࡢ⹢ẅᚋ
ᚋࡢගᬒ

ࡃ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ15ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡀࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖࡢ㐨ࢆ㎺ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊඛఫẸࡀ௚ࡢேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㌷஦ⓗ⬣ጾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜ࠊ⓶⫗࡟ࡶࡇࡢᾘ࠼ࡺࡃඛఫẸࢆࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⊂⮬ᛶࢆಖドࡍࡿ㇟ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚⨾໬ࡋࠊ⛠㈶ࡋࡼ࠺࡜

ᅗ㸳㸳. ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ᱁ዲࢆࡍ
ࡍࡿⓑே⏨ᛶࡢ
୍౛㸦㸦୍␒ᕥࡣ࢖
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ㸧ࡍࡿືࡁࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㡭ࠊࣇࣟࣥࢸ࢕
࢔ࡢᾘ⁛࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᛴ⃭࡞ᕤᴗ໬ࡸ㒔ᕷ໬ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ࡽࡀࠕᩥ᫂໬ࡋࡍࡂࡓࠖ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡓ
ேࠎࡣࠕⲨ㔝࡟ఫࡴຊᙉࡃ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖඛఫẸࡸ࣮࢝࢘࣎࢖࡟࠶ࡇࡀࢀࢆᢪࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ
16ࠋࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮࣭ࣟࣅࣝࡀ 1883 ᖺ࡟ጞࡵࡓ࣡࢖ࣝࢻ࣭࢙࢘ࢫࢺ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣙࡣࠊ⣙ 50 ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᅜෆ࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟ᕠᴗࡋࠊேࠎࡢேẼࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪ࡀྠ໬ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊⓑேࡢᏊ౪ࡣ㏫࡟࣮࣎࢖࣭ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺࡢάື࡞࡝࡛ඛఫ

13ᐤᐟᏛᰯࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ Kevin Slvika³$UW&UDIWDQG$VVLPLODWLRQ&XUULFXOXPIRU1DWLYH
6WXGHQWVGXULQJWKH%RDUGLQJ6FKRRO(UD´Studies in Art Education 52, no. 3 (Spring 2011): 226-227.ࢆཧ↷ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࣝࢹࢥࣛ(Angel De Cora)ࡀ㏻ࡗࡓࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ㎰ᴗᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯࡢ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔࣭ࣥࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ
ලయⓗ࡞タ❧⤒⦋ࡸᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐑୗᩗᚿࠕ⡿ᅜඛఫẸࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖᩍ⫱ࠖ
ࠊ190-202 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
14 Picture of the Wounded Knee massacre, Newspaper Clipping in Goodell/Goodale Family papers, Jones LibrarySpecial Collection (hereafter JLSC), Amherst, MA.
15
Berkhofer, 7KH:KLWH0DQ¶V,QGLDQ, 30.
16 Alan Trachtenberg, Shades of Hiawatha: Staging Indians, Making Americans, 1880-1930 (New York: Hill andWang, 2004), 13-16.

6Ẹࡢ▱ᜨࢆᏛࡧࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌࠖጞࡵࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ㸳ཧ↷㸧17ࠋ㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ఫࡴ୰ୖ
ὶᐙᗞࡢⓑேࡣࠊⲨ㔝ࢆࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃ⏕ࡁࡓඛఫẸ࠿ࡽ⮬୺⊂❧ࡢ⏕άᡭẁࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᛴ
㏿࡟㏆௦໬ࠊ㒔ᕷ໬ࡍࡿ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ぢኻ࠸ࡀࡕ࡞⮬❧ᚰࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍ18ࠋඛఫẸࡢఏ⤫ᩥ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕኻࢃࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠖᩥ໬ࢆ཰㞟ࠊಖᏑࠊᒎ♧ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿືࡁࡶ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡲࡍࠋே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡣࠊኻࢃࢀ࡚ࡺࡃඛఫẸࡢᩥ໬ࠊ័⩦ࡸṔྐࡢグ㘓ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊඛఫẸࡢఏᢎࡸඛఫẸࡢᕤⱁရࢆ཰㞟ࡋጞࡵࡲࡍࠋಶே࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡶࠊ཰㞟ᐙࡸほගᐈࡓࡕࡣࠊ᪂ࡋࡃ᏶ᡂࡋࡓ㕲㐨࡜ࡑࡢὶ㏻ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊከᵝ࡞ඛఫẸࡢᡭᕤⱁရࢆᡭ࡟ࡍ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᡭᕤⱁရࡣࠊ௚ࡢ␗ᅜࡢᡭᕤⱁရ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⓑேࡢ୰ࠊୖὶᐙᗞࡢ⮬Ꮿࡢ୍ᐊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᒃᚰᆅࡢⰋ࠸㒊ᒇࡢ∦㝮㸦cosey corner㸧ࠖ࡟࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣝ࡞ぢୡ≀࡜ࡋ࡚㣭ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ19ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢ㡭ࠊⓑேࡣࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㒔ྜࡢⰋ࠸ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆᛮ࠸ᥥࡁࠊࡑ
ࡢ⾲㇟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣす㒊ࡢᡭࡘ࠿ࡎࡢ⮬↛ࠊⲨ㔝࡟࠸ࡿࠕᾘ࠼ࡺ
ࡃඛఫẸ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࡶࠊᙼࡽࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࡣඛఫẸࡢࠕྠ໬ࠖࢆᮃࢇ
࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇࡢඛఫẸ⾲㇟ࡣࠊࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᩥ᫂໬ࡋࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ୍ぢ┦཯ࡍࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸰ࡘࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀ୪Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸
ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ 20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࢆ⏕ࡁࡓඛఫẸࡣࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ኱⾗♫఍ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢᆺ࡟
ࡣࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࠊಖ␃ᆅෆࡢ᫨㛫ᏛᰯࡸᐤᐟᏛᰯࠊࡑࡋ࡚
ಖ␃ᆅእᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓඛఫẸࡓࡕࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᡭẁࢆᚓ࡚ࠊⱥㄒ࡛࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍ࡸඛఫẸࡢᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬ࡽࡢពぢࢆⓎಙࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᢈุࡲ࡛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕᾘ࠼ࡺࡃ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ▱㆑ࡸⱥㄒࡣࠊඛఫẸ࡟㏫࡟ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡛ඛఫẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁᢤࡁࠊ᢬ᢠࡍࡿᡭẁࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ20ࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ࡜ࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊྠ໬ᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࢆᏛࡧࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢᮇᚅࡶᏛࢇࡔேࠎ࡛ࡍࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊᙼࡽࡢ⮬ఏࡸࠊඛఫẸࡸⓑேࡢᏊ౪࡬ࡢᩍ

17 Deloria, Playing Indian. ᅗ 5 ࡣࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ࡜ඹ࡟ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡿⓑே⏨ᛶࡢጼࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋPhotographer Unknown, Dr. Charles A. Eastman (Charles Alexander Eastman/Ohiyesa),
Washpetonwan Dakota(Wahpeton Sioux), 1858-1939, Photographed at the Birth of Chicago Pageant in 1933?,
P21884, National Museum of the American Indian, Washington DC., accessed on February 20, 2018,
http://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:NMAI_303994?date.slider=&q=Eastman%2C+Charles&fq=online_
media_type%3A%22Images%22&dsort=&record=8&hlterm=Eastman%2C%2BCharles&inline=true.
18 ඛఫẸࡢ▱ᜨࢆᏛࡰ࠺࡜ࡍࡿⓑேࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓጼໃࡣࠊWoodcraft Indians (ᚋࡢ Boy Scouts of America)ࡢ๰
❧⪅࡛࠶ࡿ Ernest Thompson Seton ࡢⴭ᭩࠿ࡽࡶㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋErnest Thompson Seton, The Gospelof the Red Man: An Indian Bible (1936; reprint, San Diego: The Book Tree, 2006).
19 Kristin L. Hoganson, &RQVXPHU¶V,PSHULXP7KH*OREDO3URGXFWLRQRI$PHULFDQ'RPHVWLFLW\-1920 (Chapel
Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007); Elizabeth Hutchinson, The Indian Craze: Primtivism,
Modernism, and Transculturation in American Art, 1890-1915 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009), 19.
20 Amelia V. Katanski, Learning to Write Indian: The Boarding-School Experience and American Indian Literature(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2005); K. Tsianina Lomawaima and Teresa L. McCarty, To Remain an
Indian: Lessons in Democracy from a Century of Native American Education (New York: Teachers College Press,
2006); Clifford E. Trafzer, Jean A. Keller, and Lorene Sisquoc eds., Boarding School Blues: Revisiting American
Indian Educational Experiences (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006).

7⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࠊᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ
✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᶍ⣴ࡋࠊࡑࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆ෌ᐃ⩏ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔
ࣥࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚୺ὶ♫఍࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
4. ࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ(Charles A. Eastman)21
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ㸦ᅗ㸴ཧ↷㸧22ࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊࡇࡢ᫬
ᮇࡢඛఫẸసᐙ࡜ࡋ୍࡚␒᭷ྡ࡞ே≀࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡣࢲࢥࢱ᪘ฟ㌟ࡢ་⪅࡛ࡍࡀࠊ་⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᡂຌ࡛ࡁࡎࠊసᐙࠊㅮ₇άືࠊࡑࡋ࡚
ඛఫẸࡢ▱ᜨࡢఏ㐨ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚㌟ࢆ❧࡚ࡓே≀࡛ࡍࠋᙼࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊࡲࡎࡣ࢖࣮ࢫ
ࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே≀࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸࡜
ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊ௒ࡢ࣑ࢿࢯࢱᕞࡢࣞࢵࢻ࢘ࢵ
ࢻ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢫࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟࠶ࡿࠊࢲࢥࢱಖ␃ᆅ࡛ 1858
ᅗ㸴.࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡢ࣏࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ෗┿ᖺ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣᗂᑡᮇ
ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢆ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ࣐ࢽࢺࣂᕞ࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜࡟

࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢲࢥࢱ᪘ࡣ 1862 ᖺࡢࢲࢥࢱᡓதࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࣑ࢿࢯࢱᕞࡢᅵᆅ
ࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋẕࡣ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛ࡍࡄ࡟࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ∗ࠊ࣓ࢽ࣮࣭ࣛ࢖ࢺࢽࣥ
ࢢ㸦Many Lightning㸧ࡣࢲࢥࢱᡓத᫬࡟ᤕ⹭࡜ࡋ࡚ᤕࡽࢃࢀࠊ⤠㤳ฮ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪺࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᐇࡣ∗ࡣฮົᡤ࡟ධࢀࡽࢀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋ
ࡇࡢ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࠊࢲࢥࢱᡓத࡛ᤕࡽࢃࢀஸࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ∗ࡸ௚ࡢぶ᪘ࡓࡕࡢ᚟ㆶࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⊁⊟⪅࡜ᡓኈ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆክぢ࡚ࠊ♽ẕࡸ఑∗࠿ࡽᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸
ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᙼࡢክࡀኚ໬ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊẅࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪺࠿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ∗ࠊ࣓ࢽ࣮࣭ࣛ࢖ࢺࢽࣥࢢ
ࡀࠊࢪ࢙࢖ࢥࣈ࣭࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ㸦Jacob Eastman㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᙼࡢ║ࡢ๓࡟⌧ࢀࡓ᫬࡛ࡋࡓࠋ∗ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ฮົᡤ࡟཰ᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬࡟࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ࡟ᨵ᐀ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡸࠊࢧ࢘
ࢫࢲࢥࢱᕞࡢࣇࣛࣥࢻ࣮ࣟ࡟࠶ࡿᙼࡢᅵᆅ࡛⏕άࢆࡋጞࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࢆࡑࡇ࡟
㐃ࢀ࡚⾜ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ヰࡋࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡛࡟ẅࡉࢀࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ∗ࡀࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ࡟ᨵ᐀ࡋࠊ
ࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖࡋࡓ⏕άࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟᭱ึࡣᡞᝨࡗࡓ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐࡛ࣥࡍࡀࠊ∗࡟ㄝᚓࡉࢀ

21ᮏࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣᣋⴭࡢ༤ኈㄽᩥࡢ➨ 1 ❶࠾ࡼࡧࠗྠᚿ♫࢔࣓ࣜ࢝◊✲࠘࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ⣖せㄽᩥࡢෆᐜࢆ
ࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ<DPDPRWR -LPXUD ³7UXO\,QGLDQ«7UXO\$PHULFDQ´-44. ࠾ࡼࡧ Miyuki-LPXUD³7KH,QGLDQDVWKH$PHULFDQ6DYLRU&KDUOHV$OH[DQGHU(DVWPDQ¶V,QGLDQDQGKLV9LVLRQIRU$PHULFD¶V)XWXUH´ Doshisha American Studies 48 (2012): 53-75 ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
22 Photographer Unknown, Delegation, 1897, BAE GN 03462A 06583800, National Anthropological
Archives, Smithsonian Institution, accessed on February 18, 2018,
http://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:siris_arc_14493?date.slider=&q=Eastman%2C+Charles&fq=online_media_type%3A%22Images%22&dsort=&record=7&hlterm=Eastman%2C%2BCharles&inline=true.

8࡚ᙼࡶࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡵࡲࡍ23ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡣࡲࡎࣇࣛࣥࢻ࣮࣭࣑ࣟࢵࢩ
࣭ࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࡟㏻࠸ࠊࡑࡢᚋ 1890 ᖺ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᮾ㒊࡛࣎ࢫࢺࣥ኱Ꮫࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢝ࣝࢫࢡ࣮
ࣝࢆ༞ᴗࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡎࡣ 1890 ᖺ⛅࠿ࡽࢧ࢘ࢫࢲࢥࢱᕞࡢࣃ࢖ࣥࣜࢵࢪಖ␃ᆅ࡛ࠊ
ࣛࢥࢱ᪘ࡢேࠎࡢෆ⛉་࡜ࡋ࡚ാࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊⓑேዪᛶࡢ࢚ࣞ࢖࣭ࣥࢢࢵࢹ
࣮ࣝ㸦Elaine Goodale㸧࡜ฟ఍࠸⤖፧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ 1893 ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊ⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ᇳ➹άື࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ᇳ➹άືࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࡦ࡜࠼࡟ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ᇳ➹άືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓጔࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࡋࡓࠋጔࡢ༠ຊࡶ
࠶ࡾࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊඛఫẸࡀᐇࡣᗈ࠸࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᑛᩗࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ⨾ᚨࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠊ࡜ࠊᙜ᫬ࠊᾘ࠼ࡺࡃඛఫẸࡢఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࢆ㈶⨾ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿືࡁࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚୺ὶ♫఍࡟ㄒࡾ࠿ࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊసရ୰࡛ᙼࡣࠊ
᳃ࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㏆௦♫఍࡛ࡶ⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
ඛఫẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ศࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚సရࡢ୰࡛⮬ศࢆ
₇ฟࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡇࡢ෗┿ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢ෗┿ࡣࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢࡓࡲࡋ࠸㸦The Soul of the

Indian㸧ࠖࡢෑ㢌࡟ᤄධࡉࢀࡓ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡢ෗┿࡛ࡍ㸦ᅗ㸵ཧ↷㸧24ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᙼࡣ⩚᰿㣭ࡾࢆ㌟࡟╔ࡅࠊୖ༙㌟ࡢ⫙ࢆ㟢ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⫼ᬒࡣᬯ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᕥୖࡢࠊගࡢ᪉ྥࢆぢୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ၁ࡣᑡࡋ➗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ࠸
ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᙼࡣࣅࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢡ
࢚ࢫࢺࠊࡘࡲࡾ⢭㟋ࡓࡕ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸

ᅗ㸵. The Soul of the Indian ࡢ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠿ࡓࡕ࡛࣏࣮ࢬࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢࡓࡲࡋ࠸࡛ࠖᙼ⮬㌟ࡀㄒࡿࠊࠕⓑே࡟ฟ఍࠺๓ࡢࠖඛఫẸࡢᛮ᝿ࡀࠕᮏ≀࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ㄞ⪅࡟ឤࡌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ⿦ࡗࡓࠕࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࠖ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ
ࡽࡋࡉ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼࡀ⿦࠺ࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡣࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔
࣭࣮ࣥ࣎࢖ࣇࢵࢻ㸦Indian Boyhood㸧ࠖࡢ᭱ึࡢᩥ࠿ࡽࡶㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡣࠊ࢖
ࣥࢹ࢕࢔࣭࣮ࣥ࣎࢖ࣇࢵࢻࡢ᭱ึࡢᩥ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋWhat boy would not
be an Indian for a while when he thinks of the freest life in the world? This life was mine.
㸦ୡ⏺୍࡛␒⮬⏤࡞⏕άࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ᫬ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ᑡᖺࡀࡋࡤࡽࡃ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࢃ
࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽 ࡇࡢ⏕άࡣ൅ࡢࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ㸧࡜25ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠕୡ⏺୍࡛␒⮬⏤࡞⏕άࠖࡀࠕ⮬ศࡢࡶࡢࠖࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࠊᡤ᭷᱁ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࡇࡢࠊ⮬ศࡢᗂᑡᮇࡢ⮬↛࡛ࠊ

23Charles A. Eastman, From the Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the Autobiography of an Indian (Boston:
Little, Brown and Company, 1916), 7.
Frontispiece in Photogravure. Charles A. Eastman, The Soul of the Indian: An Interpretation (Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company, 1911).
25 Charles A. Eastman, Indian Boyhood (New York: McClure, Philips & Co., 1902), 3.
24

9⮬⏤࡞⏕άࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬ศࡀࡇࢀ࠿ࡽㄒࡿࡑࡢ⏕άࡀࠊ࣮࢜ࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࢵࢡ࡞ࠊᮏ≀ࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ
࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ⤒㦂࡞ࡢࡔ࡜ㄞ⪅࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊࡲࡓࠊ㐣ཤᙧࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢖࣮
ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ୺ὶ♫఍࡟ࡼࡿࠕᾘ࠼ࡺࡃඛఫẸࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿယឋࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊㄞ⪅ࡢ⯆࿡ࢆㄏࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢࡓࡲࡋ࠸ࠖࡢ෗┿࡛ࠊᙼࡢ࠺࠿࡭࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࡯➗ࡳ࡞࡝ࡣࠊඛఫẸࡀᾘ࠼ࡺࡃ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡲࡏࢇࠋ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭࣮࢝ࢳࢫ(Edward
Curtis)➼ࠊྠ᫬௦࡟ྲྀࡽࢀࡓࠊグ㘓ⓗ࡞ඛఫẸࡢ෗┿࡜ࡣఱ࠿㐪࠺ࠊ㠃ⓑ࠸෗┿࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊᙼࡢ௚ࡢ⮬ఏࠕ῝࠸᳃࠿ࡽᩥ᫂࡬㸦From the Deep Woods to Civilization㸧࡛ࠖࠊⓑே♫఍࡟࠺ࡲࡃྠ໬ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡶ₇ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ෗┿ࡣࠕ῝࠸᳃࠿ࡽᩥ᫂࡬ࠖࡢ᭱ึ࡟ᤄධࡉࢀࡓ࣏࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ෗┿࡛ࡍࡀࠊ௒ᗘ
ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊᬯ࠸⫼ᬒࡢ๓࡛ࠊᬯ࠸Ⰽࡢࢫ࣮ࢶ࡟㌟ࢆໟࡳࠊྑࢆྥ࠸࡚ᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ㸶ཧ↷㸧26ࠋࡇࡢ⫝̸ീࡣࠊ௒ᗘࡣⲨ㔝࡟ఫࡴࠕ㔝⻅࡞ࠖⲨࠎࡋ࠸࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ࡣṇ཯ᑐࡢࠊࢩࣦ࢕ࣜࢸ࢕㸦♩൤ṇࡋࡉ㸧ࡸࢪ࢙ࣥࢸ࢕ࣜࢸ࢕࣮㸦ୖရࡉ㸧ࡀឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞෗┿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕ῝࠸᳃࠿ࡽᩥ᫂࡬ࠖ࡟ᤄධࡉࢀࡓ௚ࡢ෗┿࡟ࡶࠊᙼࡀࠕ῝࠸᳃࠿ࡽࠖࠕᩥ᫂ࠖ࡟ධࡾࠊ
ࠕᩥ᫂໬ࠖࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ
࡜ࢆㄞ⪅࡟☜ಙࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞₇ฟࡀぢࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࢖
࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊࢸ࢕ࣆ࣮ࡢ෗┿࡜ࣟࢢ࢟ࣕࣅࣥࡢ෗┿ࢆྠࡌሙᡤ࡟ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ㸷ཧ↷㸧27ࠋࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࠊࢸ࢕ࣆ࣮
࡜ࣟࢢ࢟ࣕࣅࣥࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞Ⲩ㔝࡟ᘓ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㐪࠺ࡢࡣࠊࣟࢢ࢟ࣕࣅࣥࡢ෗┿࡟ࡣᅵᆅ฼⏝ࡢᙧ㊧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿᅗ㸶. From the Deep Woods to
Civilization ࡢ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐
ࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ෗┿ࢆࢸ࢕ࣆ࣮ࡢ෗┿࡜୪࡭ࠊㄞ⪅࡟ᑐẚࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊᙼࡢ∗ࡀⓑேࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࢆཷࡅධࢀࡓࡑࡢᚑ㡰ࡉࢆ⾲ࡋࠊㄞ⪅࡟ᙼࡢࠕ㔝⻅࡞ࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࠿ࡽࠕᩥ᫂ⓗ࡞ࠖே㛫࡬ࡢኚ໬ࡀᡂຌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆྍど໬ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࡏࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ
࡛ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ㔝⻅ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ᫂ࠖࢆྍど໬ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡀࠕᩥ᫂ࠖࢧ
࢖ࢻ࡟࠸ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⿦ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊࠕᩥ᫂໬ࡋࡓࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ
ࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࡢᙜ᫬࠶ࡗࡓࠊඛఫẸࡣⓑே࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠕຎ➼࡞Ẹ᪘࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡄ࡟
ࡣ୺ὶ♫఍࡟ࠕྠ໬ࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊⓑேࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟ᑐᢠࡋࡓࡢ
࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡸ⮬ศࡢ∗ぶࢆ౛࡟ᣲࡆ࡚ࡇࡢࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ㠀㞴ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ
࣐ࣥࡣࠊከࡃࡢேࠎࡀࠕ୍ୡ௦࡛ࡣࠊ↓ᩍ⫱ࡢ㔝⻅࡞ே㛫ࡢᡭࡀᩥ᫂࡟ࡣᒆ࠿࡞࠸ࠖ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠕ⚾ࡢ∗ࡣ 2000 ᖺ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 10 ᖺࡶ࠿ࡅࡎ࡟ࡑࡢ㸦ᩥ᫂ࡢ㸧᰿ᮏⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆ⌮ゎ

26
27

Frontispiece in Photogravure. Eastman, From the Deep Woods.
Ibid., 16.

10ࡋࡓࡋࠊᙼࡣ୍᪥ࡶᏛᰯ࡟⾜ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᐶ኱࡛㄂ࡾ࠶ࡿᕷẸ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡓࠋ⚾ࡣᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛⣙ 15 ᖺ࠿࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡎࡗ࡜ࡑࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠸
ࡿࡢࡔࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ28ࠋࡲࡓࠊ➨ 26 ௦ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱⤫㡿ࡢࢭ࢜ࢻ࢔࣭࣮ࣟࢬ࣋ࣝࢺ
㸦Theodore Roosevelt㸧ࡸࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡾᩍ⫱⪅࡛࠶ࡿ G.ࢫࢱ࣮࣭ࣥࣜ࣍
࣮ࣝ(G. Stanley Hall)ࠊ࣮࣎࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㐃┕ࡢ๰❧⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࢔࣮ࢿࢫࢺ࣭ࢺ࣒ࢯ࣭ࣥ
ࢩ࣮ࢺࣥ(Ernest Thompson Seton)࡞࡝ࡢྡ๓ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣㄞ⪅࡟ࠊ⮬ศࡀ⮬❧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡍ࡛࡟ࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࡢ୍ဨ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୺ὶ♫఍࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍ29ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࣥࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ேࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚୺ὶ♫఍࡟ᙼࡢព
ぢࢆᢞࡆ࠿ࡅࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊᙼࡀ⪃࠼ࡓ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢၥ㢟ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ඛఫẸࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ⮬ఏࠕ῝࠸᳃࠿ࡽᩥ᫂࡬ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕྠ໬ࠖࡋࡓඛఫẸࡢ⮬ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕ௒᪥ࡢ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ③Ⅿ࡟ࠕྠ໬ࠖࡋࡓඛఫẸ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢඛఫẸᨻ⟇ࢆᢈุࡋࠊಖ␃ᆅ࡟ఫࡴඛఫẸࡢᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡿࡳ࡟ฟࡋ
ࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ௚ࡢከࡃࡢⴭస࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ୺ὶ♫఍ࡀồࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ▱ᜨࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣜ
࣑ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡢ▱ᜨࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᙼࡀࡑࡢ▱ᜨࡀᐇࡣࠊᛴ㏿࡟㏆௦໬ࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ໬ࡍࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ⟇࡜࡞ࡾᚓࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛
ࡋࡓࠋ
ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᛴ㏿࡞ᕤᴗ໬ࡸ㒔ᕷ໬࡟┤㠃ࡋࠊ⮬ࡽࡀࠕᩥ᫂໬ࡋࡍࡂࡓࠖ࡜ឤࡌࡓேࠎࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡞ࠕⲨ㔝࡟ఫࡴຊᙉࡃ⏨ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖඛఫẸࡸ࣮࢝࢘࣎࢖࡟࠶ࡇࡀࢀࢆᢪࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᛴ⃭࡞㒔ᕷ໬ࡸ㏆௦໬ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ
ၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ³the boy problem´࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᑡᖺ≢⨥ࡀቑຍࡋࠊ
ᑡᖺࡓࡕࡢ㛫࡛㐨ᚨࡸࠊ㌟యⓗ࡞ᙉ㠌ࡉࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿ༴᝹࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᚋࡢ࣮࣎࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ๰ጞ⪅ࢩ࣮ࢺࣥ࡞࡝ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࢩ࣮ࢺࣥࡶ㏆௦ࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕άࡀࠕᙉ㠌࡛ࠊ⏨ࡽࡋࡃࠊ⮬❧ⓗ࡞⏨Ꮚࠖࢆࠕ⚄⤒⾶ᙅ࡛άຊࡢ࡞
࠸⬚ࡀᖹࡽ࡞ႚ↮⪅ࠖ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜୙Ᏻࢆᡴࡕ᫂ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ30ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ
࡟࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࢩ࣮ࢺࣥࡣࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞㔝⏕ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
28

Charles A. Eastman, The Indian To-day: The Past and Future of the First American (New York: Doubleday, Page
& Company, 1915), 100. ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓᮇ㛫ࡣ 17 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡑࡢᮇ㛫ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠕᖹᆒⓗ࡞ⓑேࡢⱝ⪅ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿᮇ㛫ࡼࡾࡶ 2 ᖺࡶ▷࠸ࠖᮇ㛫ࡔࡗࡓࡑ࠺࡛
࠶ࡿ(The Indian To-Day, vii)ࠋ
29
Eastman, From the Deep Woods3HWHU/%D\HUV³&KDUOHV$OH[DQGHU(DVWPDQ¶VFrom the Deep Woods to
Civilization DQGWKH6KDSLQJRI1DWLYH0DQKRRG´Studies in American Indian Literatures 20, no. 3 (Fall 2008): 59.
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣඛఫẸࡢᕷẸᶒࢆ᧦ㆤࡋࡓ࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ༠఍㸦The Society of American Indians㸧ࡢ୍ဨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀࠊ⮬ࡽࢆࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࡢ୍ဨ࡛⮬❧ࡋࡓே㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࡜₇ฟࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊⓑேㄞ⪅࡟ࠊඛఫẸࢆ⡿ᅜࡢࠕᕷẸࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡉࡏࡓ࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
30
Ernest Thompson Seton, Boy Scouts of America: A Handbook of Woodcraft, Scouting, and Life-craft (New York:
Doubleday, Page & Company, 1910), xii, accessed on November 29, 2015,
https://archive.org/stream/boyscoutsofameri00seto#page/n13/mode/2up.

11࡟ࡑࡢゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢ▱ᜨࡀࠊᑡᖺࡓࡕࡢ⮬❧ᚰࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࡑࡢ▱ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣎࢖ࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᭩グ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࢩ࣮ࢺࣥࡢά
ື࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊ
ࠕᮏ≀ࠖࡢ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≀㉁ⓗ࡞ࠕⓑேᩥ࡛᫂ࠖࡢ⏕ά࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞⏕άࢆࠊㄞ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ≉࡟ඛఫẸࡢࠕࡉࡍࡽ࠸ࡢ㔝እ⏕άࠖࡀࠊࠕ㌟యⓗ࡞༟㉺࡜ᙉ㠌ࡉࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᚸ⪏ຊ࡜άຊࠖࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡢ࡟୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ31ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀඛఫẸࡢ▱ᜨࢆఏᤵࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺࢟
ࣕࢵࢳࢥࣆ࣮ࡢࡶ࡜ࠊⓑேࡢᏊ౪ᑐ㇟ࡢࢧ࣐࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣉࢆ⊂⮬࡟௻⏬ࡋࠊ㛤ദࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊࢧ࣐࣮࢟ࣕࣥࣉ࡛ࠊⓑேࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟⮬↛ࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠕ⮬↛ࡢἲ๎ࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋࠊ೺඲࡞㌟యࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊὀព῝ࡃࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ32ࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡀᩍ࠼ࡓࡢࡣࠊ⏨ࡢᏊ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ౛࠼ࡤࠕ㊊㊧ࡸ㌟᣺ࡾࡢゝㄒࠊ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢྜᅗࠊᮌࢆࡇࡍࡿⅆࡢࡘࡅ᪉ࠊఫࡲ࠸సࡾࠊ㔝እࢡࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ33ࠖ࡞࡝࡛ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜ࡁ࡟♽ẕࡸ఑∗࠿ࡽཷࡅࡓᩍ⫱ࡀ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣᏊ౪ࡀぢኻ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⮬❧ᚰࢆࡶ࠺୍ᗘ
ྲྀࡾᡠࡏࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ≉࡟⏨ࡢᏊࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᥈᳨⪅ࡸࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡢኳ㈿ࡢ⢭⚄ࠊࡘࡲࡾ⏨࡛࠶ࡾࡓ࠸࡜ษᮃ34ࠖࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜࢖࣮ࢫ
ࢺ࣐ࣥࡣㄽࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ⓑேࡢዪࡢᏊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣዪᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕᏊ౪ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᖌ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ᝟ࡅ῝࠸㣴⫱⪅35ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿ࡭ࡃᣦᑟࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊẕ࡟࡞ࡾᏊ౪ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀዪᛶࡢᏑᅾព⩏ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ
ዪࡢᏊྥࡅࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣉࡢ᪉ࢆඃඛࡋ࡚㛤ദࡋࡓࡢࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊཧຍ⪅ࡢዪࡢᏊࡓࡕࡀࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ẕぶ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᙼዪࡓࡕࡀᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᕷẸࡢẕ࡜ࡋ࡚³the ER\SUREOHP´ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࢆᩆ࠺ࠕ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ᖌࠖ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࠿ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊዪࡢᏊྥࡅࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ⏨ࡢᏊ࡜ྠࡌࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ᐙ஦⫱ඣࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ
౛࠼ࡤ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠕ㉥ࢇᆓࡢኪἽࡁࢆṆࡵࡿࠖ᪉ἲࡸࠕࣇࣛ࢖ࣃࣥ࡞ࡋ࡛ࢫࢸ࣮࢟ࢆᩱ
⌮ࡍࡿࠖ᪉ἲࢆᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ36ࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊẸ᪘ࢆࠕ㐨ᚨⓗ࡟ᩆ῭ࠖࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆዪ
ᛶࡀᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ37ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣẕぶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠸
ᩥ᫂ࢆᩆ࠺ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ዪᛶࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆඛఫẸࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ෌ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᭦࡞

31

Eastman, Indian To-Day, 5-6.
Ibid.
³2+,<(6$ WKH:LQQHUV ²$&DPS)RU%R\V´ SURPRWLRQDOEURFKXUH *RRGHOO*RRGDOH)DPLO\3DSHUVJones Library Special Collections, folder: Charles A. Eastman, 4-5.; Charles A. Eastman, Indian Scout Talks: A Guide
for Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911), 189.
34 Eastman, Indian Scout Talks, 7.
35
Eastman, Indian To-Day, 88.
36³7UDLQLQJ$PHULFDQ*LUOVDV,QGLDQ´ Boston Sunday Post, 20 June 1915.
37 Eastman, Indian To-Day, 88.
32
33

12

ࡿⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮᝿ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮࣭࣮ࣟࣝࢆⓑேࡢᏊ౪ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚෌☜ㄆࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽ࠿ࡽ࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡜ࡋ
࡚⮬↛ࡢ୰࡛⮬⏤࡟⏕ࡁࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆⓑேࡢᏊ౪┦ᡭ࡟₇ࡌࠊඛఫẸࡢ▱ᜨࢆⓑேࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟ఏᤵࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᛴ㏿࡞㒔ᕷ໬࡜ᕤᴗ໬࡛ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࢆ
ᩆ࠺ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡀཷࡅࡓࢲࢥࢱὶࡢᩍ⫱࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ▱ᜨࢆࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖ
࡟ᾐ㏱ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣ୺ὶ♫఍࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢹ
࢕࢔ࣥ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊᙼࡀ᫇ཷࡅࡓᩍ⫱ࢆ୺ὶ♫఍ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࡢᡴ㛤⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ⓑேࡢᏊ౪࡟ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫࠊࡑࡋ࡚ඛఫẸ඲యࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫࢆ
┠ᣦࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ
6. ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࣝࢹࢥࣛ (Angel De Cora)38
ࡉ࡚ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣྠ໬ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖
ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢఏᤵࡍࡿඛఫẸࡢ▱ᜨࢆேࠎ࡟ᥦ౪
ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛ㸦ᅗ 10 ཧ↷㸧ࡣඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽᐤᐟᏛᰯࡢᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ๰タࡋࡲࡍ39ࠋࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࢹ
ࢥࣛࡀ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚₇ࡌࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡜ࠊᙼዪࡀࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ๰タࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚┠ᣦࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࡣ 1871 ᖺ࡟࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘ࡢࢳ࣮ࣇࡢᏞ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊ௒᪥ࡢࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࢧ࣮ࢫࢺࣥࡢ㏆ࡃࡢಖ␃ᆅࡢ࢘
࢕ࢢ࣒࣡㸦wigwam㸧ࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢹࢥࣛࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㡭ࠊ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘ࡢ⏕άࡣࡍ࡛࡟ⴭࡋࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋఱᨾ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡢ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘ࡣࠊ
௒᪥ࡢ࢘࢕ࢫࢥࣥࢩࣥᕞ࡜࢖ࣜࣀ࢖ᕞࡢ໭㒊࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡿᗈ኱࡞ᒃఫᆅࢆ㏣ࢃࢀࠊ1865 ᖺ࡟ࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࡢᒃ␃
ᆅ࡟ⴠࡕ╔ࡃࡲ࡛࡟ࠊఱᗘࡶᙉไ⛣ఫࡉࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿
ࡽ࡛ࡍ40ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀᏊ౪ࡢ㡭࡟⤒㦂ࡋࡓᩥ
ᅗ 10. ࢹࢥࣛࡢ࣏࣮ࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ෗┿38ᮏࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣᣋⴭࡢ༤ኈㄽᩥࡢ➨ 3 ❶ࡢෆᐜ࡜᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ⴭࡋࡓ⣖せㄽᩥࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ<DPDPRWR -LPXUD ³7UXO\,QGLDQ«7UXO\$PHULFDQ´-99 ࠾ࡼࡧࠊᆅᮧࡳࡺࡁࠕ෌ࡧ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ࡟࡞
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ʊ ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇ⡿ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛఫẸᐤᐟᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡜ඛఫẸᩍᖌ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࣝࢹࢥࣛࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ʊࠖ
ࠗゝㄒ࡜ᩥ໬࠘37 ྕ㸦2017 ᖺ 7 ᭶㸧
ࠊ39-60 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
39 Photographer Unknown., Angel De Cora, Wikipedia Commons, accessed on February 20, 2018,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angel_De_Cora.jpg.
40 1829 ᖺࠊ1832 ᖺࠊ1837 ᖺ࡜ 1855 ᖺ࡟⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ᮲⣙࡜ 1862 ᖺࡢࢲࢥࢱᡓதࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘
ࡣᩘᗘ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ࢔࢖࢜࣡ᕞࠊ࣑ࢿࢯࢱᕞࠊࢧ࢘ࢫࢲࢥࢱᕞࠊࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࡢྛᆅ࡟⛣ఫࢆᙉ࠸ࡽࢀࠊᒃఫᆅࢆ㌿ࠎ࡜ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓࠋ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘ࡣࢲࢥࢱᡓத࡟ࡣ௓ධࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࣑ࢿࢯࢱᕞᨻᗓࡣࢲࢥࢱᡓ
தࢆཱྀᐇ࡟࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘ࡢᙉไ⛣ఫࢆồࡵࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢚࢖࣑࣮࣭࣮ࣟࣥࢺ࣮ࢗࣜ㸦Amy Lonetree㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࡢ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦಖ␃ᆅࡢᒃఫ⪅ࡔࡅࡀᙉไ⛣ఫࢆ⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡓ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦ᪘
ࡢᏊᏞ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙉไ⛣ఫࡢ㝿࡟ࠊࡶ࡜ࡢᒃఫᆅ࡟㏨ࡆᖐࡾࠊಖ␃ᆅእ࡟ఫࡳࡘ࠸
ࡓேࠎࡶ࠸ࡓࠋ$P\/RQHWUHH³9LVXDOL]LQJ1DWLYH6XUYLYDQFH(QFRXQWHUVZLWKP\+R-Chunk Ancestors in the13໬័⩦ࡣࠊᩘࠎࡢᙉไ⛣ఫࢆ⤒࡚ࡶ࡞࠾ಖࡓࢀఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡎ࠿࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࢹࢥࣛࡣ⮬ఏ࡟ࠊ⋓≀ࢆ㏣࠸Ꮨ⠇⛣ఫࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⊁⊟࡜㎰ᴗ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿேࠎࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⏕άࢆ㩭᫂࡟ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍ41ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᙼዪࡣᗂ࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢲࣥࢫࡢ൤ᘧࡸ⑓Ẽࡢ἞⒵ࢆ♳⚏ࡍࡿ൤ᘧ࡟ཧຍࡋࡲࡋࡓ42ࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼዪࡣᣦᑟ⪅ࡢᏞ࡜ࡋ࡚ඛ
♽ࡀ௦ࠎ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ㄒࡾࠊཷࡅ⥅࠸࡛ࡁࡓ័⩦ࡸ⾜ືつ⠊ࢆẖ᪥Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᏛࡧ
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᙼዪࡣࠊ
ࠕ♽∗ẕࡀ⏝ពࡋࡓ๓㏵᭷ᮃ࡞㐨ࠖࢆṌࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠸ࡲࡍ43ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢᐙ᪘࡜ࡢᖹ࿴࡞⏕άࡣࠊ1883 ᖺ࡟ࢹࢥࣛࡀᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡟཰ᐜࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛✺↛⤊ࢃࡾࢆ࿌ࡆࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ᪥ࢹࢥࣛࡣㄏᣂࡉࢀࠊᩘ᪥㛫⵨Ẽᶵ㛵㌴࡟ᦂࡽࢀࠊࣦ࢓࣮ࢪࢽ
࢔ᕞࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ࡟࠶ࡿࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ㎰ᴗᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯࡲ࡛㐃⾜ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ44ࠋࢢ࣮ࢢ࣐ࣝࢵࣉ࡛
ㄪ࡭࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࢧ࣮ࢫࢺࣥ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦಖ␃ᆅ࠿ࡽࣦ࢓࣮
ࢪࢽ࢔ᕞࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⣙ 2070km ࠶ࡾࠊᑠࡉ࡞ᑡዪ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢹࢥࣛࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ㎞࠸⤒㦂ࢆࡋࡓ࠿ศ࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࡣࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࡢே⏕ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᮾ㒊࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍ45ࠋࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ༞ᴗᚋࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ࣐ࢧࢳ࣮ࣗࢭࢶᕞす㒊࡟࠶ࡿዪᏊᰯ࡛࠶ࡿࣂ࣮ࢼ࣒࣭ࢡࣛࢩ࢝ࣝࢫࢡ
࣮ࣝࠊࢫ࣑ࢫ኱Ꮫࠊࣇ࢕ࣛࢹࣝࣇ࢕࢔ࡢࢻࣞࢡࢭ࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢫࢸ࢕ࢳ࣮ࣗࢺࡸࠊ࣎ࢫࢺࣥࡢࢥ
࣮ࣝࢬ࣭࢔࣮ࢺ࣭ࢫࢡ࣮࡛ࣝࠊ⤮⏬࡜ᮏࡢཱྀ⤮ࡸᤄ⤮࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࢖ࣛࢫࢺࡢᡭἲࢆᏛ
ࡧࡲࡋࡓ46ࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࢹࢥࣛࡣ࣎ࢫࢺࣥࠊᚋ࡟ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡ࡟ࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢆ㛤ࡁࠊඛఫẸ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿ᭩⡠ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿ㝿࡟⾲⣬ࡸཱྀ⤮ࢆᥥࡃ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ാࡁጞࡵࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊㄏᣂࡉࢀᙉไⓗ࡟ධᏛࡉࡏࡽࢀࡓᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡛ࡢ⏕άࡣ㎞࠸⤒㦂࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣࣁࣥࣉࢺ࡛ࣥࡢ⏕ά࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞グ㘓ࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ௚ࡢඛఫẸࡢ⏕ᚐࡀṧࡋࡓグ㘓ࢆㄞࡳゎࡃ࡟ࠊ13 ṓࡢࢹࢥࣛࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠕཝ)DPLO\3KRWRJUDSKVRI&KDUOHV9DQ6FKDLFN´LQPeople of the Big Voice: Photographs of Ho-Chunk Families byCharles Van Schaick, 1879-1942, eds. Tom Jones, Michael Schmudlach, Matthew Daniel Mason, Amy Lonetree, andGeorge A. Greendeer (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2011), 15-20.
41 $QJHO'H&RUD³$Q$XWRELRJUDSK\´The Red Man, March 1911, 279.
42
0F$QXOW\³$QJHO 'H&RUD´-$QJHO'H&RUD³7KH6LFN&KLOG´+DUSHU¶V1HZ0RQWKO\0DJD]LQH 98(February 1899): 446-$QJHO'H&RUD³*UH\:ROI V'DXJKWHU´+DUSHU¶V1HZ0RQWKO\0DJD]LQH 99 (November
1899): 860-862.
42'H&RUD³$Q$XWRELRJUDSK\´
43 Ibid.
44 1893 ᖺࡢࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ㎰ᴗᖌ⠊Ꮫᰯࡢグ㘓࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ 1883 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 2 ᪥࡟ࢪࣗࣜ࢔࣭ࢧࣥࢩ࣮
ࣝ㸦Julia St. Cyr㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 3 ேࡢᏊ౪࡜୍⥴࡟ࢿࣈࣛࢫ࢝ᕞ࡟࠶ࡿ࢘࢕ࢿ࣮࣋ࢦᒃ␃ᆅ࠿ࡽࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ࡟
㐃ࢀ࡚ࡇࡽࢀࡓ࡜࠶ࡿࠋTwenty-7ZR<HDUV¶:RUNRIWKH+DPSWRQ1RUPDODQG$JULFXOWXUDO,QVWLWXWHDW+DPSWRQ
Virginia: Records of Negro and Indian Graduates and ex-Students (Hampton: Hampton Normal School Press, 1893),
403.
45ಖ␃ᆅእࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡛ 5 ᖺ㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࡓᚋ࡟Ꮫ⏕ࢆᨾ㒓࡟ᡠࡍ࡜࠸࠺ᨻᗓࡢつᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ
1887 ᖺ࡟ಖ␃ᆅ࡟ᡠࡿࡇ࡜ࡀチྍࡉࢀࠊ⣙ 1 ᖺಖ␃ᆅ࡟⁫ᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㛫࡟∗ぶ࡜♽∗ࡀஸࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᙼࡽࡢṚࢆࠕྂ࠸ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡢ⏕άࠖࡢ⤊↉࡜ᤊ࠼ࡓࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥ࡟ᡠࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆỴពࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊಖ␃ᆅ࡟ṧࡉࢀࡓேࠎࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ಙࡌ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆỴࡵࡿࠋMcAQXOW\³$QJHO'H&RUD´'H&RUD³$Q$XWRELRJUDSK\´
46 ࢹࢥࣛࡣࢫ࣑ࢫ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㢼ᬒ⏬࡛᭷ྡ࡞ࢻ࣡࢖ࢺ࣭ࢺࣛ࢖࢜ࣥ(Dwight William Tryon)࡟ᖌ஦ࡋࡓࠋ
1896 ᖺ࡟኱Ꮫࢆ༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠿ࡽᙼዪࡀᖌ஦ࡋࡓⱁ⾡ᐙࡣࠊࣁ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࣃ࢖ࣝ(Howard Pyle)ࠊࢪࣙࢭࣇ࣭ࢹ࢟
ࣕࣥࣉ(Joseph DeCamp)ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢡ࣭࣋ࣥࢯࣥ(Frank Benson)ࠊ࢚ࢻࣔࣥࢻ࣭ࢱ࣮࣋ࣝ(Edmund Tarbell)ࡽ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋAnn 5XJJOHV*HUH³$Q$UWRI6XUYLYDQFH$QJHO'H&RUDDW&DUOLVOH´American Indian Quarterly 28,
no.3&4(Summer&Fall 2004): 657-0F$QXOW\³$QJHO'H&RUD´

14ࡋ࠸⨩ࡸᏙ❧ࠊఏᰁ⑓ࡸ⮬㌟ࡢ㒊᪘ࡢఏ⤫ᩥ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᨷᧁࠖ࡟┤㠃ࡋࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢩ
ࢵࢡ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺࡜᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ47ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࡇࡢࣁࣥࣉࢺ࡛ࣥࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ኻࢃࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓඛఫẸࡢఏ⤫ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊⓑேࡀඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᢪࡃ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ฼⏝ࡋ᧯ࡿᡭẁࢆᚓࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤᙼዪࡣࠊࣁࣥࣉࢺࣥࢆ༞ᴗࡋࡓᚋࠊᜠᖌ࡟࣮ࣘࣔ࢔ࢆ஺࠼࡚ࡇ࠺
᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥ(Injun)ࡀࢲ࣮࢘࢕ࣥࢆㄞࡴ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡸࡾࡍࡂࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺࠿ࡋࡽࠖ
࡜48ࠋᙼዪࡣࠊ
ࠕ㔝⻅࡞ࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊࢲ࣮࢘࢕ࣥࡢ㐍໬ㄽࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠸
ࡿ⮬ศࡢጼࢆᅇ᝿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆ㠃ⓑ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣࠊᙼዪࡀඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢᮇᚅࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᮇᚅࢆࣞࢺࣜࢵࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛఫẸࢆ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡍࡿ᭩⡠ࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ࢹࢥࣛࡀᡭ᥃ࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊ࣐࢜ࣁ᪘ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭ࣛࣇࣞࢵࢩࣗ㸦Francis La Flesche㸧࡟ࡼࡿ The Middle Five:
Indian Boys at School (1900)ࡸࠊࣛࢥࢱ᪘ࡢࢪࢺ࢝ࣛࢧ㸦Zitkala-Sa㸧ࡀ᭩࠸ࡓ The Old Indian
Legends (1901)ࠊⓑேࡢẸ᪘Ꮫ⪅ࡢࢼࢱ࣮࣭࣮ࣜ࢝ࢸ࢕ࢫ㸦Natalie Curtis㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡋࡿࡉ
ࢀࡓ 7KH,QGLDQ¶V%RRN(1907)࡛ࡍ㸦ᅗ 11 ࢆཧ↷㸧49ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸࡢᥥࡃࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊඛఫẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢᮇᚅࢆ᧯ࡾࡲࡍࠋ

ᅗ 11. ࢹࢥࣛࡀᡭ᥃ࡅࡓ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ

ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅ఩࡜ྡኌࢆᚓࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼዪ࡟ᮇ
ᚅࡍࡿኌࡣࠊᙼዪࡀᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓᚋ࡟᭩࠿ࢀࡓ Minneapolis Journal ࡢࡇࡢグ஦࠿ࡽࡶㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡲࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢔࣮ࣝࢾ࣮࣮࣎ࡢᐈ㛫࡟࠺ࢇࡊࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡢᐈ㛫ࢆ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࣝ

47'DYLG:DOODFH$GDPV³%H\RQG%OHDNQHVV7KH%ULJKWHU6LGHRI,QGLDQ%RDUGLQJ6FKRROV-194´LQ
Boarding School Blues, eds. Trafzer, Keller, and Sisquoc, 35.
48 Angel De Cora to Cora Mae Folsom, Nov. 27, 1892, Angel De Cora Student File. Hampton University Archives(hereafter HUA), Hampton, VA.
49
ᅗ 11 ᕥ࠿ࡽ Cover. Francis La Flesche. The Middle Five: Indian Boys at School (Boston: Small, Maynard & Co.,
1900); Cover. Zitkala-Sa, Old Indian Legends (Boston: Ginn&Company, Publishers, 1901); Cover. Natalie Curtis,
7KH,QGLDQ¶V%RRN (New York: Harper and Bros., 1907).

15ࢹࢥࣛ࡟࢘࢕ࢢ࢔࣒࡟ኚ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㢗ࡴ࡜Ⰻ࠸50ࠖ࡜᭩ࡃࡇࡢグ஦ࡣࠊ࢘࢕ࢢ࢔࣒࡛
⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢹࢥࣛࡀⓑேࡢᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚㌟ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚௒࣮࢝ࣛ࢖ࣝ
࡛ᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂グࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢᐈ㛫࡟࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣝ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡽࡋ
࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⨨ࡁࡓ࠸ㄞ⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆចࡁࡘࡅࡲࡍࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖࡛ࣝᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓࢃࡅ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛᝟ሗࡀࡕࡻࡗ࡜㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓࠕᮏ≀ࠖࡢඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡾ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢᐈ㛫ࢆࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕
࢔ࣥࠖ໬ࡋࡓ࠸ㄞ⪅ࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㐓ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᮇᚅࢆ୍㌟࡟ཷࡅࡓࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᕤᴗᏛᰯ࡛௒ᗘࡣඛఫ
ẸࡢᏊ౪ࡀ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᡭẁࢆᩍᤵࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᡭẁ࡜ࡣඛఫẸࡢᡭᕤⱁရࢆసࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୺ὶ♫఍࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᥥࡃᢏ⾡࡛ࡋࡓࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊ࣮࢝
ࣛ࢖࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᕤᴗᏛᰯ࡛ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ๰タ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ
ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ⊂⮬ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᐃ⩏ࡋࠊඛఫẸࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟ࡑࢀࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࢹࢥࣛࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺ
ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓ࠿ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࢆᐤᐟᏛᰯᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚௵࿨ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ1906 ᖺᙜ᫬࡟࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᒁ㛗ᐁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
ࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫ࣭࣮ࣝࣉ(Francis Leupp)࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ᚭᗏࡋࡓࠕⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࢆつ⠊࡜ࡋࡓࠕྠ
໬ࠖᩍ⫱ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓಖ␃ᆅእࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯ࡛ࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ๰タࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊඛఫẸࡢఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࡸᡭᕤⱁရ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ᚐࡀ〇సࡍࡿᕤⱁရࡣࠊᐤᐟᏛᰯ㐠Ⴀࡢ㔜せ࡞㈨㔠※࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ⮬ศࡢ౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡚཯ㄽࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞
ே✀ᕪูⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡶࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ๰タ࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ
ࠕ㔝⻅࡛ࠖࠕຎ
➼ࠖ࡞ඛఫẸࡢᩥ໬ࡣࡼࡾࠕඃࢀࡓⓑேᩥ᫂ࠖࢆ๓࡟ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀኻࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊඛఫẸࡢᩥ໬័⩦ࢆᐜㄆࡋ࡚ࡶᏛ⏕ࡢྠ໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᨭ㞀࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡣࡇࡢ㡭ࠊ኱⾗ࡢඛఫẸ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆཷࡅࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࡑࡢࠕᾘ࠼ࡺࡃඛఫẸࠖࡢఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࡢಖᏑάື࡟௓ධࡋጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1907 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ⨾⾡సရไస࡜
ᒎ♧ࡢሙ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖࣭ࣝ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥᕤᴗᏛᰯࡢᩜᆅෆ࡟ᘓ࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࣮ࣝࣉ࣭࢖ࣥࢹ
࢕࢔࣭ࣥ࢔࣮ࢺ࣭ࢫࢱࢪ࡛࢜ࡣࠊಖ␃ᆅ࡛సࡽࢀࡓඛఫẸࡢᡭᕤⱁရࡶ㈍኎ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᐜㄆࠖࡣࠊࢹࢥࣛ࡟ᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚άື
ࡍࡿሙ࡜ᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ศࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
࢔࣮ࢺࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసࡾ࠶ࡆࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩍᖌ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶྠ
໬ᩍ⫱ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀ࣮ࣝࣉࡽᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࡢᛮᝨ㏻ࡾ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺༴
㝤ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊඛఫẸࢆࡲࡉ࡟ࠕྠ໬ࠖࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿⓑேࡢヨࡳࡢ୰ᚰᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡟㌟ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮ࢆ⡆༢࡟ࡣཷࡅ
50

Minneapolis Journal June 11, 1916, Smith College Archives, Northampton, MA.

16ධࢀࡎࠊ࢜ࣇ࢓࣮ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡟᮲௳ࢆ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࠊᙼዪࡀ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛస
ᡂୖࡢ୺ᑟᶒࢆᥱࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀఛ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࢹࢥࣛࡀ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ᮲௳ࡣࠊᙼዪ
࡟ⓑேࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᙼዪ⮬㌟ࡢẸ᪘ࡢⱁ⾡ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ᏶඲࡞⮬⏤ࢆᙼዪ࡟୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜51࡛ࠖࡋࡓࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࡣᙼዪ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⤌ࡳ┤ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒊᪘࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆᶆ‽໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࡣ௒ࡲ࡛すὒ⨾⾡ࡢᡭἲࡢᣦᑟࡋ࠿ࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᚑ᮶ࡢ࣮࢝ࣛ࢖ࣝࡢᩍ⫱ࢆᢈุࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸࡀఏ⤫ⓗ࡟〇సࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠕࣅ࣮ࢬ⣽ᕤࡸ㝡☢ჾࠊ⡲⣽ᕤ➼࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྂ࠸㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡸᙧࠖࡢᣦᑟࢆ᪂࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ
⩦ࡢᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡋࡲࡋࡓ52ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊỴࡲࡗࡓࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢᙧࢆᡭྲྀࡾ㊊ྲྀࡾᣦᑟࡍࡿすὒⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ᪂࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ᚐࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ᝿ീຊࢆാ࠿ࡏࠊ
⮬⏤࡟సရࢆ๰㐀࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࢆసࡾࡔࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᙼዪࡣ⏕ᚐࡀ⮬⏤࡟⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓసရ
ࢆศᯒࡋࠊඛఫẸࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ᥈ࡾࠊᶆ‽໬ࡋࠊᙼዪ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࠕඛఫẸࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ෌ᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᙼዪ⊂⮬ࡢඛఫẸほࡣࠊᙼዪࡀࢼࢱ࣮࣭࣮ࣜ࢝ࢸ࢕ࢫࡢ The Indian¶V%RRN ࡟࠶ࡋࡽࡗࡓ⿦
㣭ᩥᏐ࠿ࡽㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ 12 ཧ↷㸧ࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸࢆ୍ࡘࡢẸ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ᵝࠎ࡞⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘ㒊᪘ࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒊᪘ࡀᥥࡃࢹࢨ
࢖ࣥࡢ≉ᚩࢆᑛ㔜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࡇࡢࢡ࣮࣡࢟ࢺࣝ᪘ࡢ⾲⣬⤮ࢆぢ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⾲⣬⤮࡟ࡣࠊࢡ࣮࣡࢟ࢺࣝ᪘ฟ㌟ࡢேࡀ࠶ࡋࡽࡗࡓࣁ࢖࢖ࣟࢢ࣐࡜ࢩࣕࢳࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ
࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࡇࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࡟ྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ࠕࢡࢪࣛࡢᑿࡸࣄࣞࠊࢱ࢝ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࢹࢨ
࢖ࣥࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚ᩥᏐࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ53ࠋ༡す㒊ࡢඛఫẸࡢ࣮࣌ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊࣉ࢚ࣈࣟ᪘
ࡢ㝡ჾࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ┿ఝࡋࡓࢪࢢࢨࢢࡢࣛ࢖ࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩥᏐࢆ⿦㣭ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ54ࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ
࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀඛఫẸࡢከᵝ࡞ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊඛఫẸࡢ≉ᚩࢆ㍍どࡋࠊࡦ࡜ࡃࡃࡾ࡟ඛఫẸࢆࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡟ᑐᢠࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡛ࡍࠋ

51
Linda M. Waggoner, Fire Light: The Life of Angel De Cora, Winnebago Artist (Norman: University of Oklahoma
Press, 2008), 132.
52 0UV:LOOLDP'LHW]>$QJHO'H&RUD@³1DWLYH,QGLDQ$UW´Report of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Lake
Mohonk Conference of Friends of the Indian and Other Dependent Peoples (Mohonk Lake, NY: The Lake Mohonk
Conference of Friends of the Indian and Other Dependent Peoples, 1908), 18.
53 Curtis, The Indian Book, 295.
54 Ibid., 307.

17

ᅗ 12. 7KH,QGLDQ¶V%RRN ࡛ࢹࢥࣛࡀᡭ᥃ࡅࡓಟ㣭ᩥᏐࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡀ⮬ศࡢཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࢲࢥࢱὶࡢᩍ⫱ࢆࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔
ࣥࠖࡢ▱ᜨ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐉఏࡋࡓࡢ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ㒊᪘ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≉ᚩࢆඛఫẸࡢ⨾⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾධࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᚲせ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᰂ㌾࡟ࠊ࣌ࣝࢩࣕࡢᡭἲ➼ࠊ௚ࡢẸ᪘ࡢᡭἲࡸᢏ⾡ࢆࡑࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟☻ࡁࢆ࠿ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡋࡓ55ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ
ࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊᙼዪࡢ⪃࠼ࡿඛఫẸࡽࡋࡉ࡟ࡑࡄࢃ࡞࠸ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡣࡸࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟່ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᮏ≀ࡢࠖ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࢆ₇ࡌ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ศࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ
ࠕඛఫẸࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚ఱࢆಖᏑࡋᏑ⥆ࡉࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸࡢ࢔࣮ࢳࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱ࡢᢸ࠸ᡭ࡛࠶ࡿᩍ
ᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ෌ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᣦᑟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢹࢥࣛࡀ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡢⱁ⾡ࢭࣥࢫࢆ┠ぬࡵࡉࡏࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞⮬❧ࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࡋࡓࠋ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸࢆࠕຎ➼ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿすὒⓗ࡞ே✀ࣄ࢚࣮ࣛࣝ࢟ࢆ᳜࠼௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡣࠊᙜึࢹࢥࣛࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟࠶ࡲࡾ㛵ᚰࢆᐤࡏ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬ศࡢฟ㌟࡛ࡍࡽࡶᛀࢀ
࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡶ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱࡛⏕ᚐࡀኻࡗࡓඛఫ
Ẹ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㄂ࡾࡸఏ⤫ᩥ໬ࢆࠊᙼዪࡢᤵᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࿧ࡧ㉳ࡇࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᙼዪ
ࡀ⏝࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝Ẹ᪘Ꮫᒁࡢሗ࿌ࡸே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭࣎࢔ࢬ㸦Franz Boaz㸧ࡸ࢔ࣝࣇࣞࢵࢻ࣭ࢡ࣮ࣟࣂ࣮㸦Alfred Kroeber㸧࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲࡛ࡋࡓ56ࠋᙼዪࡀⓑேࡢே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ◊✲ࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㈨㔠୙㊊࡟ࡼࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡓࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀࠕᾘ࠼ࡺࡃඛఫẸࠖࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡟ᚋᢲࡋࡉࢀࠊάⓎ࡟ⓑேࡀ཰㞟ࠊศ㢮ࠊయ⣔໬ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆ㏫࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ཷࡅṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼዪࡣࡓ
࡜࠼ࡤࠊ⮬ศࡢฟ㌟ࢆᛀࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⏕ᚐ࡜୍⥴࡟࣎࢔ࢬࡢⴭ᭩ࢆㄞࡳࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡢฟ㌟ࡣ
࡝ࡇ࠿✺ࡁṆࡵࡲࡋࡓ57ࠋࡲࡓࠊே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࢆᣍ࠸࡚ඛఫẸࡸࣔࢳ࣮ࣇࡸࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢࣞࢡࢳࣕ
55$QJHO'H&RUD³1DWLYH,QGLDQ$UW´The Indian School Journal 7 (September 1907): 45.
0F$QXOW\³$QJHO'H&RUD´
57 $QJHO'H&RUD³$Q(IIRUWWR(QFRXUDJH,QGLDQ$UW´ &RXJH¶V,QWHUUDWLRQDOGHV$PHULFDQLVWHV, Vol. II (Quebec:
Dussault and Proulx, 1907): 208.
5618

࣮ࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ58ࠋせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣⓑேࡢே㢮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ◊✲ࢆࠊ⏕ᚐࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ࢔࣮ࢳࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ࡽࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࡶࠊඛఫẸࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟㟂せࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⇍▱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ1914 ᖺࡢࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫ๓ࡢ࠶ࡿ᪥ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣ☢ჾ〇ࡢࣈ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࠊ
ࢬࢽ᪘ࡸࢫ࣮᪘ࠊࢼࣂ࣍᪘➼ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ⤮௜ࡅࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛཰ධࢆᚓࠊ
ࠕࡘࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ
ࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡃ኎ࢀࡿࡢࠖ࡜ࠊᙼዪࡢᜠᖌ࡟ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ59ࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣ⏕ᚐࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹࢨ
࢖ࣥࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡛⤒῭ⓗ࡟⮬❧ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃᡭẁ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᙼዪࡣࠊ≉࡟⏕ᚐ࡟ᐙࡢෆ⿦ࡸ⿦㣭ရࠊᐙලࠊࡑࡋ
࡚ྎᡤࡢ᪥⏝ရ࡞࡝ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟່ࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠕࢀࢇࡀࡸ▼ᯈࠊᐤᮌ⣽ᕤࡸࣔࢨ࢖ࢡ≧ࡢᗋࠊ᙮้ࢆ࡯࡝ࡇࡋࡓᮌ〇ᐙලࠖࡶࠊඛఫẸࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ᪋ࡍ᱁ዲࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸࠿࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋࡲࡋࡓ60ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࠊᐙᗞ࡟ඛఫẸࡢᕤⱁရ࡞࡝ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ᒎ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ேࠎࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᙼዪࡣࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫఍ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ
࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ඛఫẸࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆ࡯࡝ࡇࡍ᪉ἲࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᙼዪࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ⤒῭ⓗࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࢹࢥࣛࡀࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⏕ᚐ࡟ඛఫẸࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆᩍ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛⤖ᒁࠕྠ໬ࠖᩍ⫱࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊඛఫẸࢆప཰ධࡢ༢⣧ປാ⪅࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣉࡽᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࡢᩍ⫱᪉㔪ࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ
࠿ࡅ࡞࠸ࣜࢫࢡࢆ⫼㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊඛఫẸ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽᩍ
ᖌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊඛఫẸࡢ⫋ேᢏࢆ⏕ᚐ࡟ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࠕ᭱ప㝈ࡢᢏ⾡࡛ᙺ࡟❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓࠖ
ࠊࠕ᭷⏝ࠖ࡞ඛఫẸࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ᳜Ẹᆅ୺⩏ⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡟ຍᢸࡍࡿ࡜
࠸࠺༴࡞࠸ᶫࢆΏࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀඛఫẸࡢ࢔࣮ࢺࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡢᣦᑟ
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓᶵ఍࡜ຊࢆ㥑౑ࡋ࡚ࠊඛఫẸࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ௒࠿ࡽ⤂௓ࡍࡿࢹࢥࣛࡢⓎゝ࠿ࡽ࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮ
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢹࢥࣛࡣࠕఏ⤫⾰⿦ࢆ╔ࡓ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡣ㐣ཤࡢࡶࡢࡔࡀࠊ⏕᮶ࡢⱁ⾡ࡣᣢ⥆ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⥆ࡅࡲࡍࠋࠕ඲ே㢮ࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛ᙼࡽࡢᨺ
ᾉࡢṔྐࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊඛఫẸࡶ㇟ᙧᩥᏐࡸグྕࡢグ㘓ࢆᏑ⥆ࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ
࡚ࠊ᫬ࡢὶࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᨾ㒓ࡢᆅ඲యࡢᗈࡉ࠿ࡽᚓࡓࡦࡽࡵࡁࢆᥥࡁࠊඛఫẸࡣࡑࡢ㇟ᙧᩥ
Ꮠࡸグྕࡢグ㘓ࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬࡜㐍໬ࡉࡏࡓࡢࡔ61ࠋࠖࢹࢥࣛࡣࠕẸ᪘ࡢỌஂⓗ࡞グ㘓ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢඛఫẸࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࢆࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᶆ‽໬ࡋࠊᣦᑟࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞♫఍ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟㐺ᛂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢᏑ⥆ࢆ≺ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࢹࢥࣛࡣࠊ୺ὶ♫఍ࡢඛఫẸ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ࠊඛఫẸᩍ⫱࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓඛఫẸᩥ໬័⩦ࡢᐇ㊶ࡢࠕᐜㄆࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᶵ఍ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭
࢔࣮ࢺࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᩚഛࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ
ࠕඛఫẸࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ෌ᐃ⩏ࢆࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᣦᑟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣࡑࡢࠕඛఫẸࡽࡋ࠸ࠖࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡢ
58³'U*RUGRQ¶V/HFWXUH´The Arrow, vol. 3, no.30, Friday, March 22, 1907.
Angel De Cora to Cora Mae Folsom, January 18, 1915, Angel De Cora Student File. HUA.
60 'H&RUD³1DWLYH,QGLDQ$UW´Report of the Executive on the Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, 86.
61 Ibid., 87.
5919Ꮡ⥆࡜ᬑཬࡶྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤᙼዪࡢᩍ࠼Ꮚࡢࠊࢳ࣌࣡᪘ฟ㌟ࡢࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣇ࢓࣮ࣝ
㸦John Farr㸧ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋ࣌ࣥࢩࣝࣂࢽ࢔኱Ꮫ࡛ᘓ⠏ࢆᏛࡧࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࡢබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢᘓ≀ࡢタィࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢼࣂ࣍᪘ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ༡す㒊࡟ᖐࡗࡓᚋ࡟㖟⣽ᕤᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢧ࣑࢚࣭࣐ࣗࣝࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ㸦Samuel McLean㸧࡜࠸࠺༞ᴗ⏕ࡣࠊ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ
ᕞ࣐࢜ࢵࢡࡢ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢫࢡ࣮࡛ࣝ⨾⾡ᩍᖌ࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓ62ࠋᐤᐟᏛᰯ༞ᴗ⏕࡛ฟୡࡍࡿ
ࡶࡢࡣᩘᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡀ⫋᥈ࡋ࡟ⱞປࡋࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀ63ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࡇ
ࢀࡽࡢᡂຌ౛ࡣࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀ┠ᣦࡋࡓࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣮ࢺࡢᏑ⥆࡜ᬑཬࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࠊࢹࢥࣛࡀඛఫẸࡢࢧࣦ࢓࢖ࣦ࢓ࣥࢫ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋࢹ
ࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸࡢᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ඛఫẸࡀ෌ࡧࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
⮬ࡽࡢᣢࡘⱁ⾡ࢭࣥࢫ࡜ᢏ⾡࡟㄂ࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᑟ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
7. ࡲ࡜ࡵ
ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟ධࡾࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥ࡜ࢹࢥࣛࡢ⏕࠸❧ࡕ࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ
₇ࡌࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ
ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡀ⪃࠼ࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ
࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࡣࠊ⮬↛ࢆ⮬⏤Ẽࡲࡲ࡟⏕ࡁࡓᮏ≀ࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿၥ㢟ࢆࣉ࣑ࣜࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࡢ▱ᜨࡀᩆ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࢥࣛࡣඛఫẸᩍᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊඛఫẸ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ඛఫẸᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓᐤᐟᏛᰯෆ࡛ࡢඛఫẸࡢᩥ໬័⩦ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡢࠕᐜㄆࠖࢆ฼⏝ࡋࠊ⮬㌟ࡢඛఫẸほ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ⱁ⾡ⓗ࡞ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆ෌ᐃ⩏ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊⓑேࡢᮇᚅࡍࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊⓑே࠿ࡽࡢಙ⏝ࢆ㈙࠸ࠊඛఫẸࡀࠕຎ➼ࠖ࡞Ẹ᪘࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᗈࡃ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋඛఫẸࡀࠕᾘ࠼ࡺࡃࠖẸ᪘࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᫬௦࡟⏕ࡁࡓᙼࡽࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖࡢព࿡ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ෌ᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊⓑேࢆ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍ࡢே✀ⓗࠊ♫఍ⓗࣄ࢚࣮ࣛࣝ࢟ࡢ㡬Ⅼ࡟⨨ࡃୡ⏺ほ࡟␗ㄽࢆၐ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊⓑேࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ୺⩏ࡢ⏘≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢṍࢇࡔࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ⏬୍໬ࡉࢀࡓ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸࡢᵝࠎ࡞㞟ᅋࡢ≉ᚩࡸᩥ໬ࠊᏑᅾࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ20 ୡ⣖㌿᥮ᮇࢆ⏕ࡁࡓ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ඛఫẸࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡽࡋࡉࠖࢆ෌⪃ࡋࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢ
෌ᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢࡶࡲࡓ஦ᐇࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋෑ㢌ࡢ㉁ၥ࡟ᡠࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡶ͆Why
are Indian images everywhere?͇ࡢ⟅࠼ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ
ᮏ᪥ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈗㔜࡞ᶵ఍ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏᙜ࡟࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ

62*HUH³$Q$UWRI6XUYLYDQFH´0F$QXOW\³$QJHO'H&RUD´David Wallace Adams, Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 18751928 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 292-298; Lomawaima and McCarty, To Remain an Indian, 50.
6320㸱㸬఍ົሗ࿌

໌‫ݻ‬Բϓϩϔϧ΢φʀΠλεΦʖεϥϱ 2018 ೧ౕ૱ճʤ10 ݆ 13 ೖʤౖ༷ೖʥʥๅࠄ1ɿ ϙʖϞϘʖζ͹ߍ৿͵ʹɽ
2ɿ ඲٠ҽճ3ɿ ͨ͹ଠ
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3ɿ2018 ೧ౕ͹ࣆ‫ܯۂ‬ժɼ༩ࢋҌ4ɿͨ͹ଠ
1ɿ2017 ೧ౕʤ2017 ೧ 4 ݆ʗ2018 ೧ 3 ݆ʥ͹ࣆ‫ۂ‬ๅࠄ
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ᙺဨ఍䠖༗ᚋ䠎᫬ 00 ศ䇷༗ᚋ䠎᫬ 30 ศ⥲఍䠖 ༗ᚋ 2 ᫬ 30 ศ䇷༗ᚋ 3 ᫬
ㅮ₇䠖༗ᚋ 3 ᫬䇷༗ᚋ 4 ᫬ 30 ศ᠓ぶ఍䠖༗ᚋ 4 ᫬༙䠉༗ᚋ 6 ᫬༙
ㅮ₇఍䠖ㅮᖌ䠖ᕝᓥṇᶞ ༡ᒣ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ
㢟┠䠖䛂᪥ᮏேṔྐᐙ䛜ⱥㄒ䛷⡿ᅜᴫㄝྐ䜢ฟ∧䛩䜛ヨ䜏䛃䠄௬䠅23 ྡཧຍ

2䠅2018 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 25 ᪥2017 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 10 ᪥䛻ྡྂᒇ䝣䝹䝤䝷䜲䝖䞉䜰䝋䝅䜶䞊䝅䝵䞁఍ሗ The Fulbrighter in Nagoya
No.25&No.26 䛸 The Fulbrighter in Nagoya No.27 䜢䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䛻䜰䝑䝥䚹3䠅2018 ᖺ䠎᭶ 24 ᪥䠄ᅵ䠅᳥ᒣዪᏛᅬ኱Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶ㅮ₇఍䠄౛఍䛸䛧䛶䠅 䠖༗ᚋ 3 ᫬䇷༗ᚋ 4 ᫬ㅮᖌ䠖ᆅᮧ 䜏䜖䛝 䝣䝹䝤䝷䜲䝖༤ኈㄽᩥ◊✲䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮2011䡚2012 ᖺ 䝭䝅䜺䞁ᕞ❧኱Ꮫ㢟┠䠖⡿ᅜඛఫẸ䛜₇䛨䛯䛂䜲䞁䝕䜱䜰䞁䛃
12 ྡཧຍ
䇷㻯㼔㼍㼞㼘㼑㼟㻌㻭㻚㻌㻱㼍㼟㼠㼙㼍㼚 䛸 Angel De Cora 䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜢㏻䛧䛶䇷
ㅮ₇఍䜢㛤ദ䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹༗ᚋ 5 ᫬䡚7 ᫬ ᠓ぶ఍䜢㛤ദ䛧䛯䚹
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໌‫ݻ‬Բϓϩϔϧ΢φʀΠλεΦʖεϥϱพࢶɻ̏ྡྂᒇࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥ఍๎ไᐃ 㸯㸷㸶㸱ᖺ㸯㸮᭶ 㸯᪥ᨵṇ 㸯㸷㸷㸱ᖺ 㸴᭶ 㸳᪥ࠊ㸰㸮㸮㸷ᖺ 㸳᭶㸱㸮᪥ࠊ㸰㸰㸮㸯㸰ᖺ㸯㸮᭶㸯㸲᪥➨㸯❶ ⥲๎
➨㸯᮲ᮏ఍ࡣࠊྡྂᒇࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜⛠ࡋࠊⱥᩥࢆ Nagoya Fulbright Association ࡜⛠ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸰᮲ᮏ఍ࡣ஦ົᡤࢆྡྂᒇ࡟⨨ࡃࠋ➨㸱᮲ᮏ఍ࡣࠊ఍ဨ┦஫ࡢぶ╬ࢆᅗࡾࠊ఍ဨࡢ⤒㦂ࠊ᝟ሗࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙࡢၨⓎࢆᅗࡾࠊ᪥⡿ぶၿ࠾ࡼࡧ┦஫⌮ゎࢆቑ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸲᮲ᮏ఍ࡢ఍ဨࡣࠊṇ఍ဨࠊ‽఍ဨࠊ㈶ຓ఍ဨࠊྡ㄃఍ဨࠊࢩࢽ࢔఍ဨ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

➨㸳᮲㸯㸬ṇ఍ဨ㸸࢞ࣜ࢜࢔࣭ࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺዡᏛ㔠ࡢࢢࣛࣥࢸ࢕࣮
㸰㸬‽఍ဨ㸸ࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺዡᏛ㔠ࡢࢢࣛࣥࢸ࢕࣮࡛᪥ᮏ࡟⁫ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ே
㸱㸬㈶ຓ఍ဨ㸸ᮏ఍ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟㈶ྠࡋࠊᙺဨ఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓ⪅㸲㸬ྡ㄃఍ဨ㸸ṇ఍ဨࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᮏ఍࡟≉ูࡢ㈉⊩ࢆࡋࠊᙺဨ఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓ⪅㸳㸬ࢩࢽ࢔఍ဨ㸸ṇ఍ဨࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᮏேࡢ⏦ࡋฟࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᙺဨ఍ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓ⪅➨㸰❶ ஦ᴗ
➨㸴᮲ᮏ఍ࡣḟࡢ஦ᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸯㸬఍ဨ┦஫ࡢ஺ὶࠊぶ╬ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢάື
㸰㸬ࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺࡑࡢ௚ࡢዡᏛ㔠ࢆཷࡅ࡚Ώ⡿ࡍࡿࢢࣛࣥࢸ࢕࣮࡬ࡢᣦᑟࠊ᥼ຓ
㸱㸬᪥ᮏ࡟⁫ᅾࡍࡿࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺࢢࣛࣥࢸ࢕࣮ࡢ◊✲άື ࠾ࡼࡧ⁫ᅾ୰ࡢ⏕ά࡬ࡢᣦᑟ᥼ຓ㸲㸬ࡑࡢ௚᪥⡿┦஫⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢάື࠾ࡼࡧᙺဨ఍࡛ᚲせ࡜ㄆࡵࡓ஦ᴗ➨㸱❶ ⥲఍
➨㸵᮲⥲఍ࡣẖᖺ㸯ᅇ㛤ദࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ௚ᙺဨ఍࡛ᚲせ࡜ㄆࡵࡓ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ⮫᫬⥲఍ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

➨㸶᮲⥲఍࡛ࡣࠊḟࡢ஦㡯ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸯㸬஦ᴗሗ࿌ࠊ཰ᨭண⟬ࠊỴ⟬ࡢᢎㄆ㸰㸬ᙺဨࡢ㑅ฟ㸱㸬ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᮏ఍㐠Ⴀࡢࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ஦㡯ࡢ㆟Ỵ➨㸷᮲㆟Ỵࡣฟᖍṇ఍ဨࡢ㐣༙ᩘࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᡂ❧ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸲❶ ᙺဨ
➨10᮲ᮏ఍࡟ࡣࠊ఍㛗1ྡࠊ๪఍㛗ⱝᖸྡࠊᖿ஦ⱝᖸྡࠊ┘஦ࢆ⨨ࡃࠋ

➨11᮲

௵ᮇࡣ2ᖺ࡜ࡋࠊᙺဨࡢ෌㑅ࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸ࠋ➨㸳❶ ఍ィ
➨12᮲ᮏ఍ࡢ㐠Ⴀ㈨㔠ࡣࠊ఍㈝࠾ࡼࡧᐤ௜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢㅖ཰ධࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ࡟࠶࡚ࡿࠋ

➨13᮲ṇ఍ဨࡢᖺ఍㈝ࡣ 3,000෇࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ྡ㄃఍ဨ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࢽ࢔఍ဨࡢ࠺ࡕ⏦ࡋฟࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ⪅ࡣࠊᖺ఍㈝ࢆච㝖ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㈶ຓ఍ဨ㸦ἲே㸧ࡣ㸯ཱྀᖺ 10,000෇࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

㈶ຓ఍ဨ㸦ಶே㸧ࡢᖺ఍㈝ࡣ 3,000෇࡜ࡍࡿࠋࢿࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡿ㐃⤡ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ ⤊㌟఍㈝10,000෇࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
➨ 14 ᮲ ᮏ఍ࡢ఍ィᖺᗘࡣ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥࡟ጞࡲࡾࠊ⩣ᖺ 3 ᭶ 31 ᪥࡟⤊ࢃࡿࠋዻᨼࢸᚡ఍ሗ The Fulbrighter In Nagoya No.28 ࢆ࠾ᒆࡅ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ┠ḟ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2 ࡘࡢㅮ₇఍ࡢෆᐜࢆᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊឡ▱኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊ຓᩍࡢᆅᮧࡳࡺࡁࡉࢇࡢࠕ⡿ᅜඛఫẸࡀ₇ࡌࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ̿Charles A. Eastman ࡜ Angel De Cora ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚̿ࠖ2018 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 24 ᪥㸦ᅵ㸧ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࠊ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪసࡾࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍࡛ࡢᏑᅾ౯್ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࠕ࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔ࣥࠖ⮬㌟ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡓㄽⅬࡀ⯆࿡῝࠸
ㅮ₇࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥᏛ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵࡢᮌୗᚭࡉࢇࡢ⬻⛉Ꮫ࡜ゝㄒᩍ⫱㸸⬻⏬ീ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࣥࢢࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠖඛ⏕ࡢᑓ㛛࡛࠶ࡿゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆ⬻⛉ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣘࢽ࣮ࢡ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛ࠊ࠸࠿࡟ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣ⬻ࡢάᛶ໬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
఍ົሗ࿌࡛ࡶ⮴ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ௒ࡲ࡛⥲఍࡜౛఍ࡢᖺ 2 ᅇࡢㅮ₇఍ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ
ࡀࠊ᮶ᖺᗘࡼࡾࠊ⥲఍᫬࡟ㅮ₇ࢆ⾜࠺ᖺ 1 ᗘࡢ㛤ദ࡜Ỵᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋẖᖺ 2 ᅇࡢㅮ₇఍ࡣㅮᖌࡢ౫㢗ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉ࡜ཧຍ⪅ࡢேᩘࡢῶᑡࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ௒ᅇᖺ 1 ᅇ࡟ኚ᭦ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ఍ဨ
ࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡣࡈ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡅࢀࡤ࡜㢪ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ௒ᚋ࡜ࡶ⥲఍ࡢ᫬ࠊㅮ₇఍ࠊ᠓ぶ఍ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ఍ဨࡢⓙࡉࢇࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ཧຍࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ⣬፹యࡢ఍ሗࡣసᡂࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ⤒㈝ࡢ๐ῶ࡜᫬௦ࡢὶࢀࢆ⪃࠼ࠊ఍ဨࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡣ㏦ࡽࡎࠊ
࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡟࠸ࡓࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ẖᖺ 1 ෉ࢆᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋࡟㏦௜ࡋάືࢆ
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࡛ࡍࠋྡྂᒇࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥཬࡧ᪥ᮏ࢖࣮ࢫࢺ࢚࢘ࢫࢺࢭࣥࢱ࣮୰㒊ྠ཭఍఍㛗 ሯ⏣ Ᏺ2019 ᖺ 2 ᭶ྡྂᒇࣇࣝࣈࣛ࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩࣙࣥᙺဨ
఍㛗࣭஦ົᒁሯ⏣ Ᏺ㸦᳥ᒣዪᏛᅬ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ 1981-83㸧๪఍㛗ᮌୗ ᚭ㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ◊✲⛉ ᩍᤵ 1989-91㸧ᒣᮏᜨ㔛Ꮚ㸦ᅾ㔝◊✲⪅ 1998 ඖ᳥ᒣዪᏛᅬ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ㸧ᖿ஦ୖ⏣៞୍㸦୕㔜ᩍ⫱ᩥ໬఍㤋 ඖ┦ㄯᙺ 1963-64㸧⸨ᮏ ༤㸦༡ᒣ኱Ꮫ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᐈဨ◊✲ဨ 1977-80㸧ᫍ㔝㟹㞝㸦⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ ྡ㄃ᩍᤵ 1981-82, 1990-91㸧
Marc Bremer㸦༡ᒣ኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ㸧ຍ℩㇏ྖ㸦ᅄᅜᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ ྡ㄃ᩍᤵ 1974-76㸧ఀཎ ṇ㸦㕥㮵་⒪⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ ᩍᤵ 1985-1990㸧┘஦ᑠᆏᩔᏊ㸦ឡ▱኱ᏛἲᏛ㒊࣭ᅜ㝿ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ 1986㸧ᕝᓥṇᶞ㸦༡ᒣ኱ᏛእᅜㄒᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ 1995-1996㸧