REPORT OF THE COURSE
THE 181st UNAFEI INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE“COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME–THE 20th ANNIVERSARY OF UNTOC–”

1. Duration and Participants• From 12 May to 8 June 2023
• 25 overseas participants from 19 jurisdictions• 3 participants from Japan
2. Programme Overview
This programme mainly focused on the challenges that criminal justice practitioners face in countermeasuresagainst transnational organized crime. In particular, the programme considered the following topics: (1)Effective legal frameworks and measures in investigation, prosecution and trial in various transnationalorganized crime cases such as organized violent crime cases, organized drug smuggling cases, organizedfinancial crime cases and organized human trafficking/migrant smuggling cases; (2) Effective legal frameworks
and measures on matters which often arise in various transnational organized crime categories and require
special consideration, such as tracing and confiscation of proceeds of crime, asset recovery, witness andwhistle-blower protection and mutual legal assistance, etc.; (3) Good practices, challenges and solutions in
specific cases of transnational organized crime in each jurisdiction with regard to issues under paragraphs(1) and (2). Also, this programme, through lectures on best practices and the participants’ discussions, aimed
to enhance the participants’ knowledge of measures to improve anti-transnational-organized-crime efforts intheir respective jurisdictions and to establish a global network for the exchange of updated information on
the practices of the respective jurisdictions.
3. Contents of the Programme(1) Lectures
The following visiting experts from overseas and Japanese experts, as well as UNAFEI faculty
members, gave lectures as follows:•Visiting Experts
 Mr. Rosario Salvatore Aitala
Judge, International Criminal Court
Lecture on investigation in transnational organized crime cases and the role of the International
Criminal Court
 Mr. David Jaffe
Chief of Organized Crime and Gang Section
U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division“Challenges in Complex Transnational Investigations and Prosecutions”
 Ms. Daniela Buruiană
Chair of the Eurojust Anti-Trafficking Team and National Member for Romania
European Union Agency for Criminal Justice cooperation“Eurojust’s Work against Trafficking in Human Beings: Current Landscape, Challenges, AvailableTools”•Japanese Experts
 Mr. HARADA Ryotaro
Superintendent, Organized Crime Department, Criminal Affairs Bureau
National Police Agency
Lecture on investigation in transnational phone scam cases
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 Mr. HORII Takashi
Superintendent, Organized Crime Department, Criminal Affairs Bureau,
National Police Agency“Current situation of Boryokudans in Japan”
 Mr. OKADA Tetsuaki
Public Prosecutor, Criminal Affairs Department
Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office“Problems with Investigations and Trials in Transnational Economic Crimes”(2) Individual Presentations
Participants shared the practices and the challenges in their respective jurisdictions regarding thetheme of the programme through their individual presentations. Materials of all presentations wereuploaded online for later reference by the participants.
(3) Group Workshops
The participants were divided into three groups and exchanged their views and knowledge throughdiscussions on the following topics: (1) Effective legal frameworks and measures in investigation,prosecution and trial in various transnational organized crime cases such as organized violent crime
cases, organized drug smuggling cases, organized financial crime cases and organized human trafficking/migrant smuggling cases; (2) Effective legal frameworks and measures on matters which often arise invarious transnational organized crime categories and require special consideration, such as tracing andconfiscation of proceeds of crime, asset recovery, witness and whistle-blower protection and mutual legal
assistance, etc.; (3) Good practices, challenges and solutions in specific cases of transnational organizedcrime in each jurisdiction with regard to issues under paragraphs (1) and (2).
In each group, the participants mainly discussed effective measures to identify perpetrators ininvestigating transnational organized crime cases involving information and communication technologies,
including network services with high anonymity, enhanced use of special techniques, forfeiture of proceedsof crimes and domestic/international cooperation among authorities etc. Participants recommended thefollowing practices: legal frameworks and practices which enable disclosure of various information fromvarious network service providers, effective use of non-conviction-based confiscation and enhancing
protection of witnesses and whistle-blowers.
Each group concluded the programme by presenting their recommendations based on the challenges
they identified and what they learned in the lectures, presentations by the fellow participants anddiscussions.
4. Feedback from the Participants
Most participants commented that the lectures, individual presentations and group workshops helped
them gain knowledge. On the other hand, some commented that it would have been better if more specificinformation and best practices had been exchanged and intensive discussion on mock cases had been includedin the programme. We appreciate all the feedback from the participants and will take them into considerationin planning our future training programmes.
5. Comments from the Programming Officer (Professor YAMANA Rompei)
Transnational organized crime is an issue that all countries face, and identifying countermeasures thereto
is an urgent issue throughout the world. I felt the enthusiasm of the participants in the programme by theiractive participation. The participants were highly interested in the lectures, presentations and group
workshops, which led to active discussions. We hope that the knowledge gained from this course will help
the development and enhancement of each participant’s jurisdiction.
This programme was held in person at UNAFEI’s facilities for the first time since its in-person training
courses were suspended due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In-person communication among both overseas andJapanese participants throughout the programme made it easier for them to understand the content of theprogramme as well as to establish personal connections. We hope that this personal network will contributeto preventing transnational organized crime in the future.
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