15th Kawasaki Eco-Business ForumFebruary 7th, 2019

Eco-town, Circular Economy andGreen City Innovation
Prof. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi
Director of Social Environmental Systems Center,National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan
Specially Appointed Prof. of Tokyo Inst. of Tech.
Materials by Dr. K.Gomi, Dr. M.Fujii

Three Keys for Sustainable
Eco-Industrial Conversion fromExperiences in Japan• Regulation and technology
development for pollution control• Transformation toward Ecoindustrial park for Material andEnergy network• Green supply chain management 2

Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Industries toempower cities by circularization3Kawasaki Synergy Network（current situation）
Bio/life
science

Power generation & material industry

Treatment or
recycling facility

CityGeng, Fujita et.al.
J. of Cleaner
Production, 20104

Eco-town area as demonstration project forSound material cycle society
METI & MOE approved Eco-Town
Plans for 26 areas as of the end ofJanuary 2006, and they provided
financial support to 62 facilities
located within the appropriate areas.

Forming the basis of capacity that totally
2.18 mil t of wastes were treated

Edited by Prof. Fujita, T.，Publishedby METI,,2006

Distribution ofJapanese
Eco-towns

Distribution of Total
Investment Subsidy
projects in 24 EcoTowns 600mil. US$

Distribution ofTotal Investment
60 projects in 24
Eco-Towns 1.6 bil.
US$Berkel and Fujita et. al., Environment,
5
Science and Technology, 2010

Evaluation of 90 Circular Facilities in 26 Eco-towns
Reduction of Virgin Materials; 900,000.ton /yr
CO2 Emission Reduction 480,000 t-CO2/yr
Circular use ration of by-product 92% Intra-eco-town circulation ratio 61%
Supply areas unknown(Unit: 1,000 tons)

Procurement areas unknown(70) 5%

Recycling residue disposed of(310) 24%

CRs procured(1,300) 100%

CRs procured fromwithin the same Eco
Town Plan regions

Ohnishi andFujita et. al.,J. of Cleaner
Production,
2012(110)9%Resources circulated outside the Eco Town Plan regions but within the prefecture

(130)
10%

(830) 64%(40) 3%Resources circulated outside the prefecture

CRs procured from outside theprefecture
CRs procured from outside the Eco Town Plan
region but within the prefecture(6) 0%

FPs/RMs
produced(780) 60%(70) 5%

CRs utilized(1,200) 92%
CRs used as energy,
or reduced in volume(470) 36%
Recycling residue disposed of (60) 5%
Resources circulated within theEco Town Plan regions(580) 45%
Eco Town Plan regions
Outside the Eco Town Plan regions
but within the prefecture

Outside the prefecture

6Environmental technology inventory and tentative application for cities
Inventory of circular technologies
Urban energy
management technologies

Numerical Formulation of circular technologies and preparatory estimation
1.00

t-CO2/t
0.75

Waste plastic
clay

Production
process

Industrial symbiosis
production technologies

coal

Usual
Poltorantosement

Water retentively pavement
Permeable pavement
Town district energy control
technology
Underground water pumping
ceramic
Rainwater storage technology

Dirt and soot

0.25

循環型

都市・産業共生CO2 can be reduced 192,118
192 kt per year bymethanefermentation facility
introduction

200,000

Methanol
Kitchen waste

power

Slaked lime

150,000
100,000
50,00000

Gasification melting furnace

遼寧省（現状）35
t-CO2/t-BOD

遼寧省（メタン発酵導入）

32
28

30

Bioethanol processing technology

Plant purification

合併浄化槽技術

Processing
waterpollutedwater

Purification
processing

Circular water treatment tech.
Sewage disposal technology

In the cement one-ton
manufacturing, the CO2
reduction room for 0.33tons or less.

250,000
t-CO
2

Methane fermentation technology

Septic tank technology

0.50

従来型

Methanefermentation

Biomass circulation tech.

0.57

Cement production technology

Used paper manufacture raw materialmaking
Gasification melting furnace

0.66

0.00

Cement field fuel making
Waste plastic blast furnace
reduction
Waste plastic ammonia raw
material making
Waste plastic Concri type frame
raw material making

0.90

25
20 The exhaust of CO2 foreach unit pollution load

15 removal of the septic tanktechnology is less in the10 Liaoning ministry.
50下水道浄化槽

Variation of Eco-Industrial Parks(EIP) Strategies in Eco-towns
Green Institute(Minneapolis)

URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
TYPE EIP Kitakyushu

Sustainable technology
research company*

CITY-FARMCOLLABORATIONTYPE EIP

Cape Charles Sustainable
Farm
Technology Park
(Virginia)

Recycle goods
retail & sale*
Ecologicalconsulting
company*

Rural Area

Hokkaido

Ecological equipment
manufacturing

Environmental
Information
EIP Center; Demonstration
Businessbuilding*
Support･Environmental data bank
CCR･Collaborative marketing purchase

Chen andFujita et. al.,Euro. J. ofEnvironment
conscious
commuting system
Operation
Clean Energy
LRT, Pedestrian
SystemEnvironmentalResearch, Path Supply
Energy Storage
communication*
System*2013
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS Fertilizer
TYPE EIP

CompostFuel Cell･Waste collection and recycling-Eco-material, Recycled Material-Design for environment

Environmental
education*

Residential
Districts

Urban Area

MethaneFermentation

Akita, Osaka
Organic waste
Methanefermentation
Composting

Chemical factory

Cement factory

Heat
Heat
Heat

Fly ashPlastic
recycle center*

Brownfield
Neighborhood

Power plant*

Heat
Building material
recycle center*

Oil
Petro chemicalfactory

Industrial symbiosis type

Industrial complex

Kawasaki, Minamata
Water Front

Collaboration
reverse logistics
District heat supply

PRODUCT
REMANUFACTURING
TYPE EIPPromoting Projects between Japan andOverseas through “Eco town ” Collaboration
Overseas governmentalorganizations

Overseas local
governments
ResearchRecycle
institutions

Menu for industry/government/
private sector collaborative
support framework and support
including internationalorganizations

Collaboration based on intercity agreements, etc. on policy
information, social system
information, human resources

RecycleIndustries
Industries

Overseas firms,
research
consortiums

Japanesegovernmentalorganizations

Eco-town
governments
Researchinstitutions
circulatory
Recyclefirms
Industries

International publicprivate sector projects
consortiums
promotion of model
projects

Japanese firms,
researchconsortiums
9SDGs Future City Initiatives

Announced on June 15, 2018

Hokkaido pref.

SDGs Future City/Local government
SDGs mode program

Sapporo city

Shimokawa town

Suzu city

Semboku city

Niseko town

Toyama city

Iide town

10 municipalities

SDGs Future City
19 municipalities

Hakusan city

Maniwa city

Matsushima city

Nagano pref.
Tsukuba city

Sakai city

Kanagawa pref.

Okayama city
Yokohama city
Ube city
Kamakura city
Kitakyushu city
Toyota city

Iki cityHiroshima pref.
Oguni town

Totsugawa vil.

Kamikatsu town

Shizuoka city
Hamamatsucity

Shima city

This map is made based on the blank map of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 〔http://www.gsi.go.jp/〕

SDGs Cities from Circular Economy
・Circular region through local circularization and energy management
・Information and infrastructure system for resource circularization, local
energy management and eco-system utilization

11

AIM Regional Model to Quantify the SDGs Accomplishments
Dr. Gomi NIES

Regional Integrated Assessment Model AIM region

Climate ChangeImpact
Adaptaion ModelImpacts onagri-production

Definition of commuting patterns

RetailServiceInboundLi,r  VAi,r / LPi,rPr,a VAPnb,r ( for i  nb)
VAi,r   aVAb,r( for i  b)   CMi,s,r / LPRs    Lout s,r   PCs,a  Ps,a  r
  i ,r

Agri. Fore.
External designation onscenarios

RetailService

Estimated by
the population

Local
Residents

OutboundCohort estimation andestimation of social
in-out migration

Residents
85_Over
80_84
75_79
70_74
65_69
60_64
55_59
50_54
45_49
40_44
35_3930_34
25_29
20_24
15_19
10_14
05_09
00_04

Birth Ratio

350 300 250 200 150 100 50
女性

050 100 150 200 250 300
男性

PrepPop
Estimat.
t-1
Net change
CohortPopulation

Ecologicalresource
endowments

Agri. Fore.
Industry

Li,r  RSi,s,r  CMi,s,r

Production

Ecological
Impact Model

Estimated from Production

Commuters

Land useregulation

Population and Local Economy Model
Employment

Land Use
Model

Local Energy
Model

Local
Transportation Model

Solid Waste
Model

RenewableenergyCO2 Emission

Modal Dist.
Public System

Circular
Production andEnergy

12Socio Economic Impacts of SDGs Policies in a township‚ Oguni
Dr. Gomi NIES

SDGsScenario

BaU Scenario

(人)

8,000

8,000
7,187

7,000

7,187

7,000

6,499
5,852

6,000

6,000

5,279
4,725

5,000

5,000

6,669
6,316
6,019
5,747
5,464
5,211
5,014

4,176

4,000

3,649

4,000

3,168

3,000

3,000

2,000

2,000

1,000

1,000

00

Age

0〜14

15〜6465-

0〜14

15〜6465-13

Smart Symbiosis Initiatives for Eco town Innovation
Smart ICT network will promote andcomplement the synergetic network functions
Initiatives
among stakeholders

Energy and consumption
demand control system
for urban sectors

気象情報

発電量予測

Information support for optimizing
local and regional material and energy
circularization

Local Data
Collection
CenterSmartcommunity

information

High value

Localsymbiosis
Power plant
Steel
CementEnergy demand
response

Waste and material

Smart industrial complex

Smart Recycle
substitutive
CenterBy-productChemicalincineration

EnergyLocal energy supplyand demand
RenewableenergyUrban
Waste
Energydemand
発電・熱量
information

Smart industrial complex
supported by synergetic
information network amongindustries

methaneOperation
information

DemandUrban andRegional symbiosis

14Locally suitable scenario development• Many local LCS scenarios have been developed with limited statistics and “default”
parameters from national or international information. Such scenarios may notreflect local conditions properly.
• We combines modeling with monitoring of local activity so that we can propose
more suitable mitigation scenario and Action plans for a city/region.
• Wider questionnaire survey is also adopted in order to supplement the monitoring.
Statistics

Energy Monitoring• Current and future energy
consumption pattern• Energy saving
potential

Current environmental initiative

The model to project future scenarios: ExSS/AFOLUAIndustry

Population+ Questionnaire survey
Transport•••Transport Monitoring
Transport structure
Vehicle speed
Fuel efficiency etc.
6000

Energytechnologies

Projected GHG emissions

Locally suitable
mitigation scenarios

GHG emissions (ktCO2eq)

5000

Contribution
to emission
reduction-21%

LED for Street Lamp,
Green Building Concept, andEco-campus: 343ktCO2eq

2000
1000

Renewable energy: 250ktCO2eq02013

2025
BaU

Land use change
Energy - Transport
Energy - Commercial

2025
CM

Waste management
Energy - Industry
Energy - Residential

GHGemissions

Conversion of Fuel Oil to Gas for
Public Transportation: 21ktCO2eq

Bus Rapid Transportation System,Pedestrian Facilities, andBicycle Track: 398ktCO2eq

3000

EnergyDemandEnergy
SupplyLand useand Forestry

From “Model Low Emission City”

City Of Park: 57ktCO2eq

4000

Waste

Agriculture

Waste collection and recycling:
47ktCO2eq
Industry energy efficiency
improvement: 47ktCO2eq

5

Mitigation
potentialPolicy
actions

Roadmap andinvestment

15

Selected list of recent publications in the related topics







Seiya Maki, Shuichi Ashina, Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al (2018); Energy consumption monitoring system
and integrative time series analysis models - case study in the green city demonstration project in Bogor City,Indonesia , Frontiers of Energy
Remi Chandran, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al.(2018); Expert networks as science-policy interlocutors in theImplementation of a Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, Frontiers of Energy, in press
Yi Dou, Takuya Togawa, Liang Dong, Minoru Fujii, Satoshi Ohnishi, Hiroki Tanikawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2018)
Innovative planning and evaluation system for district heating using waste heat considering spatialconfiguration: A case in Fukushima, Japan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 128, 406-416
Yujiro Hirano, Kei Gomi, Shogo Nakamura, Yukiko Yoshida, Daisuke Narumi, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2017) Analysisof the impact of regional temperature pattern on the energy consumption in the commercial sector in Japan.
Energy and Buildings, 149, 160–170
Yujiro Hirano, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2016) Simulating the CO2 reduction caused by decreasing the air conditioning
load in an urban area. Energy and Buildings, 114, 87-95
Yong Geng, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Recent progress on innovative eco-industrial development. Journalof Cleaner Production, 114, 1-10
Hiroto Shiraki, Shuichi Ashina, Yasuko Kameyama, Seiji Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita (2016) Analysis of optimal
locations for power stations and their impact on industrial symbiosis planning under transition toward lowcarbon power sector in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 81-94
Satoshi Ohnishi, Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Comparative analysis of recycling industry
development in Japan following the Eco-Town program for eco-industrial development. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 114, 95-102Takuya Togawa, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Integrating GIS databases and ICT applications for the design ofenergy circulation systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 224-232
Minoru Fujii, Tsuyoshi Fujita, et.al. (2016) Possibility of developing low-carbon industries through urban
symbiosis in Asian cities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 376-386

Thank you for your Attention

16