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周 熱
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Vol. 51, No. 214
2012. 1

◆特集：創立50周年を迎えてhttp://www.htsj.or.jp/dennetsu/dennetsu51-j.html(b) Turbulent flow (For gases)(a) Laminar region
Nu c =

0.864 1 2
K 1 + 2.35 K −1 2ς()

Nu c =(

26.2 PrPr
23⎛a⎞
Re 4 5 ⎜ ⎟− 0.074
⎝R⎠

)

1 10

× 1+

0.098
⎧⎪ ⎛ a ⎞ 2 ⎫⎪⎨ Re⎜ ⎟ ⎬⎩⎪ ⎝ R ⎠ ⎪⎭15

Max Jakob ⾨ฃ⾨⠪ࠕ࡯ࠞࠗࡉ㧦᫪ᐽᄦᢎ᝼Max Jakob Memorial Award Archive : Professor Yasuo Mori

STUDY ON FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN CURVED PIPES(3RD REPORT, THEORETICAL ANALYSIS UNDER THE CONDITION OF
UNIFORM WALL TEMPERATURE AND PRACTICAL FORMULAE)YASUO MORI and WATARU NAKAYAMA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract—In the authors’ previous reports, the theoretical and experimental studies on flow and temperaturefields in a curved pipe were made under the condition of uniform heat flux. In the former part of the present
report, a theoretical analysis is made about temperature field far downstream from the pipe inlet under thecondition of uniform wall temperature, following the same procedure as in the previous papers. Nusselt number
is found to be remarkably affected by a secondary flow due to curvature. The result shows that in the first-orderapproximation the Nusselt number of heat transfer in a curved pipe does not differ for uniform wall temperatureor uniform heat flux case, in both laminar and turbulent regions.
In the latter part, the formulae of Nusselt numbers obtained by the authors’ study are arranged so as to have
simpler expression for a practical use.
It is also investigated what temperature should be chosen in calculation of physical properties when theseNusselt number formulae are used.
‫ޣ‬Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 10, pp. 681-695 (1967). ࠃࠅᛮ☴‫ޤ‬᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼᫪ᐽᄦవ↢ߪ 1988 ᐕᐲ Max Jakob ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߐࠇߚ㧚ห⾨ߩ
ฃ⾨ߦ߽ᷓߊ㑐ㅪߔࠆవ↢ߩઍ⴫⊛ᬺ❣ߩ৻ߟ߇㧘ߎߎߦ⚫੺ߒߚᦛࠅ▤ౝߩੑᰴᵹࠇߦࠃࠆᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆ㧚੗਄ ೰⦟㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕
Takayoshi INOUE (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

Vol.512012

No.214Januaryવ  ᾲ⋡ ᰴ‫ޛ‬ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ‫ޜ‬ᣣᧄવᾲቇળඨ਎♿ߩᱠߺ······························································································· 1‫ޛ‬50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔‫ޜ‬ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩႎ๔
········································ ቝ㜞 ⟵㇢㧔ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇ㧕㧘ᄢਭ଻ ⧷ᢅ㧔₹Ꮉᄢቇ㧕⨹ᧁ ᜏੱ㧔ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇ㧕㧘㈬੗ ๋ᷡ㧔ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇ㧕ᵻጟ 㦖ᓼ㧔㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ㧕㧘ᵤፉ ዁ม㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕 ··········· 16‫․ޛ‬㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ‫ޜ‬ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ····························································ᐣม ᱜᒄ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ㧕 ··········· 21વᾲᯏེ 50 ᐕߩㅴዷ····························································ਛጊ ᕡ㧔ฬ⹷ળຬ㧕 ··········· 30ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴⢻ജᒝൻߦ⽸₂ߔࠆવᾲᎿቇߣᢎ⢒ߩߔߔ߼··············································································ᨷᬀ ✍ᄦ㧔⦼ᶆᎿᬺᄢቇ㧕 ··········· 51‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠤࡘ࠺ࠛޛ‬㧽‫ޜ‬ࠛࡦ࡝ࠦ࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ(1901㨪1954)ߩഞ❣ ····························Ⴎ⷗ ᷕ৻㇢㧔᧲੩ᄢቇ㧕 ··········· 55‫ޛ‬࿖㓙ᵴേ࡮ળ⼏ႎ๔‫ޜ‬╙ 4 ࿁ࡑࠗࠢࡠࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩᾲᵹേߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ળ⼏ ················㜞ᯅ ෘผ㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ㧕 ··········· 61‫ޛ‬Ꮞ㗡ࠣ࡜ࡆࠕ‫ޜ‬Max Jakob ⾨ฃ⾨⠪ࠕ࡯ࠞࠗࡉ㧦᫪ ᐽᄦᢎ᝼ ·················੗਄ ೰⦟㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕 ··········· ⴫⚕ⵣ‫ⴕޛ‬੐ࠞ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯‫ ········································································································· ޜ‬63‫߅ޛ‬⍮ࠄߖ‫ޜ‬
ᛮጊ⸥ᔨ⾨൐㓸ߩߏ᩺ౝ·································································································· 64╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩߏ᩺ౝ·············································································· 66
ఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨㧔╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ ··································· 70╙ 3 ࿁࿖㓙વᾲࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓߩߏ᩺ౝ ·················································································· 71✬㓸಴ ㇱળ߆ࠄߩ߅⍮ࠄߖ···························································································· 72✬㓸಴ ㇱળࡁ࡯࠻········································································································ 77

Vol. 51㧘㧘No. 214㧘㧘January 2012
CONTENTS㧨The 50th Anniversary㧪
The Fifty Years of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan ··························································································· 1

㧨Heat Transfer Seminar of HTSJ 50th Anniversary㧪Report on the Heat Transfer Seminar of HTSJ 50th Anniversary
Yoshio UTAKA1, Hidetoshi OHKUBO2, Takuto ARAKI1, Seigo SAKAI1
Tatsunori ASAOKA3, Shohji TSUSHIMA4(1 Yokohama National Univ., 2 Tamagawa Univ., 3 Aoyama Gakuin Univ.
4 Tokyo Inst. of Tech.) ·············································································································· 16

㧨Special Issue㧪
A Review of Boiling Research in the Past Fifty Years
Masahiro SHOJI (Kanagawa University) ·················································································· 21
Advances in Heat Transfer Equipment in Fifty Years
Wataru NAKAYAMA (Honorary Member) ·············································································· 30
Thermal Engineering & Education Contributing to Sustainable Innovation Capability
Ayao TSUGE (Shibaura Institute of Technology) ····································································· 51

㧨Education Q㧪
A Meritorious Deed of Enrico Fermi (1901-1954)
Junichiro SHIOMI (The University of Tokyo) ·········································································· 55

㧨Report on International Conference㧪
Report on the 4th International Conference on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Microscale
Koji TAKAHASHI (Kyushu University) ·················································································· 61

㧨Opening-page Gravure:heat-page㧪
Max Jakob Memorial Award Archive : Professor Yasuo Mori
Takayoshi INOUE (Tokyo Institute of Technology) ···············································

Opening Page

㧨Calendar㧪························································································································································ 63
㧨Announcements㧪㧪 ·········································································································································· 66
㧨Note from the Editorial Board㧪 ·············································································································· 77᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ๰❧㸳㸮࿘ᖺグᛕ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍
༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ ♫ᅋἲே ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶-1-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍  ࿘ᖺࢆ㏄࠼࡚ ➨  ᮇ఍㛗 ➟ᮌఙⱥ
1961 ᖺ 11 ᭶࡟ᙜ᫬㯪᫂ᮇ࡟࠶ࡗࡓఏ⇕Ꮫศ㔝ࡢࣇࣟࣥࢸ࢕࢔ࡽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤌⧊໬ࡉࢀࡓ᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜࡢ㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ᮇ࠿ࡽ㸪࢜࢖ࣝࢩࣙࢵࢡࢆ⤒࡚ୡ⏺୍ࡢ┬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᅜᐙࢆ⠏࠸࡚௒᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛㸪ఏ⇕Ꮫ㸪ఏ⇕ᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࢆᨭ࠼㸪ඃࢀࡓேᮦࢆ⫱࡚㸪ୡ⏺ࡢ◊✲⪅࡜ࡢ஺ὶ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᡃࡀᅜࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿᏛ఍࡜ࡋ࡚୰
ᚰⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㛫㸪1994 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟(♫)᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍࡜ࡋ࡚ἲே
໬ࡉࢀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟᮶ᖺ࡟ࡣ᪂බ┈ἲே࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀኚࢃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ᮏ᪥㸪ࡵ࡛ࡓࡃ๰❧ 50 ࿘ᖺࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄔ࡟ࡈྠ៞ࡢ⮳ࡾ࡛ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ᮍ㋃ࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡟ᯝᩒ࡟ᣮᡓࡋࡓከࡃࡢඛ㐩࡟Ꮫࡧ㸪ክ࡟⬚ࢆ⭾ࡽࡲࡏࡿⱝ⪅ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛㸪㡿ᇦࢆ㉺࠼࡚Ꮫ⾡ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆ
ᒎᮃࡋ㸪ᡓ␎ⓗ࡞Ꮫ఍άືࢆ௻⏬ࡍࡿⰋ࠸ᶵ఍࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ᡃࠎ㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡟ࡓࡎࡉࢃࡿ⪅ࡣ㸪ᜨࡲࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟㸪බⓗ㈨※ࢆாཷࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡟᝟⇕ࢆὀࡂ㸪♫఍࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ☜࠿࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᶒࡣ㸪ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡞ࡀࡽ♫఍࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㔜࠸㈐௵ࡶక࠸ࡲࡍ㸬᪂ୡ⣖ࡢ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㈐௵ࢆ⮬ぬࡋ㸪♫఍ࡀᮇᚅࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ⥅ᢎ࡜◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢᙺ๭ࢆ╔ᐇ࡟ᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᏛ఍࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ḧࡋ࠸࡜㢪࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍ㸬ࡇࡇ࡟㸪඲࡚ࡢ఍ဨ࡜ඹ࡟㸪ᮏᏛ఍ࡀఏ⇕Ꮫࢆྵࡵᗈࡃ⇕⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࢯࢧ࢚ࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡢάືࢆ୍ᒙ඘ᐇࡉࡏ࡚㸪ᡃࡀᅜࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢ೺඲࡞Ⓨᒎ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ⱥ▱ࢆ⤖㞟ࡋ㸪ㄔᐇࡉ࡜ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࣥࢢ⢭⚄ࢆࡶࡗ࡚㑌㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄋ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬⚃㎡ Minnesota ኱Ꮫᩍᤵ Richard J. GoldsteinI am pleased to send greetings to the Heat Transfer Society of Japan on theoccasion of your 50th anniversary.
I have had many interactions with Japan’s heat transfer community dating back to
the mid ‘60’s when I made my first visit to Japan. Since then I have returned many times
including a stay at the University of Tokyo with a grant from the JSPS. I have also had
many excellent graduate advisees from Japan, all of whom returned to either teach, orwork in industry or government labs.
My respect for Japanese heat transfer research dates back many years. Recently I re-read (in English
translation) the elegant, classic and precise 1934 paper on the boiling curve by Shiro Nukiyama. Of course I
have used many other excellent works by Japanese researchers. I have also been privileged to interact with suchinternational luminaries in the thermal sciences as Professors Niichi Nishiwaki, Yoshiro Katto, Yasuo Mori,
Masaru Hirata and Kenjiro Suzuki.
I am honored to send my hearty congratulations on this particular occasion and wish you many more
years of continued success.
Sincerely,

Richard J. Goldsteinఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶-2-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳdŚĞ ƐƐĞŵďůǇ ŽĨ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ,ĞĂƚ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ;/,dͿ ŝƐ ĚĞůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ƚŽĐŽŶŐƌĂƚƵůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ,ĞĂƚ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ ŽĨ :ĂƉĂŶ ŽŶ ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚŝŶŐ ŝƚƐ ϱϬͲǇĞĂƌ ũƵďŝůĞĞ͘ dŚĞ/,dǁĂƐĨŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶŚŝĐĂŐŽŝŶϭϵϲϲ͕ ƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĨŽƌƵŵĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĚŽŵĂŝŶƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƌŵĂů ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ŝƚƐ ĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚ ĚĂǇƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ,d^: ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ Ă ƐƚĂůǁĂƌƚŵĞŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /,d͕ ƉĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ŚŽƐƚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ϱƚŚ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ,ĞĂƚ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶdŽŬǇŽŝŶϭϵϳϰĂŶĚ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌϮϯŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ŶƵƌƚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƌŵĂů ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚ<ĞǇŶŽƚĞůĞĐƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶƐďǇ,d^:ŵĞŵďĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƋƵĂĚƌĞŶŶŝĂů/,d͛Ɛ͕ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂŶŶƵĂů ,d^: EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ,ĞĂƚ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ^ǇŵƉŽƐŝƵŵ ŽĨ :ĂƉĂŶ ĂŶĚ ,d^:͛ƐdŚĞƌŵĂů ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ũŽƵƌŶĂů͕ ŚĂǀĞ ĚĞĨŝŶĞĚ :ĂƉĂŶ ĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĂũŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĐĞŶƚĞƌƐĨŽƌŚĞĂƚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŵĂůĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚŝŶĂŵŽƐƚƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚǁĂǇƚŽƚŚĞŐŽĂůƐŽĨƚŚĞ/,d͘&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞŚŝŐŚůǇƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů/,dͲϭϰŝŶtĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ͕ƚŚĞ/,důŽŽŬƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƚŽĂŶŽƵƚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ/,dͲϭϱŝŶ<ǇŽƚŽŝŶϮϬϭϰ͕ŚĂŝƌĞĚďǇWƌŽĨ͘EŽďƵŚŝĚĞ<ĂƐĂŐŝ͕ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨ,d^:͕ĂŶĚƚŽĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶƐŽŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƐƚĂŐĞďǇƚŚĞ,ĞĂƚdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶ͘
ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĨƵůůǇ͕ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ǀƌĂŵĂƌͲŽŚĞŶ͕WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ
ƐƐĞŵďůǇ ĨŽƌ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ,ĞĂƚdƌĂŶƐĨĞƌŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ

-3-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ⚃ ㎡ ྡ㄃఍ဨ すᕝවᗣ ᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ௒ᖺ࡛ 50 ࿘ᖺ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗࡽࡉࢀ㸪᪩ࡃ
ࡶ 50 ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ࠿࡜ṇ࡟௒᫇ࡢឤࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿఏ⇕Ꮫࡢࡣࡋࡾࡣ㸪1931 ᖺᒾἼ᭩ᗑࡼࡾⓎหࡉࢀࡓ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫ
኱㈡ᝓ஧ᩍᤵࡢⴭ᭩ࠕഌ⇕ㅖㄽ࡜඼㐺⏝࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺㸬◊✲㠃࡛ࡣᮾ໭኱Ꮫᢤᒣ
ᅄ㑻ᩍᤵࡢࠕἛ㦐≉ᛶ᭤⥺ࡢ◊✲(1934)ࠖ࠾ࡼࡧ஑ᕞ኱Ꮫᒣ⦩Ύᩍᤵࡢࠕ㠀➼ὶయࡢ⟶ෆᒙὶ⇕ఏ㐩ࡢ◊✲(l940)ࠖࡀ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⇕◊✲ࡢ㯪᫂࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⇕Ꮫࡢඛ㐩࡟⥆࠸࡚ఏ⇕ࡢᮏ᱁ⓗ◊✲ࢆ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣᮾி኱Ꮫ ᶲ⸨㞝ᩍᤵ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬᪥ᮏᶵᲔᏛ఍࡛ࠕ⇕࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ₇఍ࠖࡀ 1953 ᖺึࡵ࡚ᮾி࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࡢࡶᶲ⸨㞝ᩍᤵࡢᑾຊ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⇕ࡢ኱ᐙࡢᩍᤵ࡜ⱝᡭࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ୍ᇽ࡟఍ࡋ㸪ウㄽ୺యࡢㅮ₇఍ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ㸪᪥ᮏࡢఏ⇕◊✲ࢆ่⃭ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡇࡢ⇕࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ₇఍ࡀ᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍Ⓨ㊊ࡢ㊊᥃࠿ࡾ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1961 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍୺ദࡢ➨୍ᅇࡢఏ⇕ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘
ࠑᐇ⾜ጤဨ㛗 ி㒔኱Ꮫ Ỉ⛉⠜㑻ᩍᤵࠒ
ࡀ 1964 ᖺி㒔࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ㸪
ୖ㏙ࡢウㄽ୺యࡢᙧᘧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ㸪⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ᖺ 1 ᅇ᪥ᮏྛᆅ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬1966 ᖺ࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟⇕ᕤᏛ◊✲㐃⤡ጤဨ఍࡟ఏ⇕ศ⛉఍ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪ᅜෆ⤌⧊ࡢ☜❧࡜ᅜ㝿ᑐᛂࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ㸬᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡢタ❧ࡣᡃࡀᅜࡢఏ
⇕◊✲ࡢᛴ⃭࡞㐍ᒎࢆಁࡋ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ఏ⇕ᙧែࡢゎ᫂࡟ຊࡀὀࡀࢀ㸪1974 ᖺ࡟ࡣ➨ 5 ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟(➨ 1 ᅇࡣ 1951 ᖺ࡟ࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥ㛤ദ)ࢆᮾி࡛㛤ദࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟᪥ᮏࡢఏ⇕◊✲ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀࡗࡓ㸬 ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍๰❧஬༑࿘ᖺࢆዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᮏᏛ఍ࡀࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᅜ㝿໬ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ㸪ึᚰࢆᛀࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞
ࡃ㸪╔ᐇ࡟㐍ᒎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ㸬⚃ ㎡ ྡ㄃఍ဨ ୍Ⰽᑦḟ ᛮ࠼ࡤ஬༑ᖺ๓ࡢ᭦࡟ᩘᖺ๓ࡼࡾ㸪ᶵᲔᏛ఍ࡢ⇕㒊㛛ࡢ୰࡛㸪ᶲ⸨㞝ඛ⏕㸪す⬥ோ୍ඛ⏕㸪ෆ⏣⚽㞝ඛ⏕➼ࡢᮾி኱ࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡸ㸪すࡢỈ⛉⠜㑻ඛ⏕㸪బ⸨ಇඛ⏕㸪ⳢཎⳢ㞝ඛ⏕㸪➼ࠎ㸪᭦࡟ࡣᮾ໭᪉ࡢᢤᒣᅄ㑻ඛ⏕㸪ᲴἑὈඛ⏕㸪ᆤෆⅭ㞝ඛ⏕㸪௚࡟ࡶྡࢆᣲࡆࢀࡤᩘྡ௨ୖࡢάⓎ࡞ඛ⏕᪉ࡀ࠶ࡕࡇࡕ࡛ࡼࡃ㞟఍ࢆࡉࢀ㸪⇕㒊㛛ࡢ୰࡛ࡶᙜ᫬᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲㒊㛛࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⇕ఏ㐩㒊㛛࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪᫝㠀୍ࡘࡢᑠᏛ఍ⓗ࡞఍ྜࢆసࢁ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀάⓎ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚᮶ࡓ㸬ጞࡵࡣᮾす໭ูࠎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪≉࡟ᶲඛ⏕ࡢᚚດຊ࡛㸪࡝࠺ࡏ࡞ࡽ᪥ᮏ඲య୍࡛ࡘ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪ୖグࡢඛ⏕᪉࡜ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ⏥⸨ዲ㑻㸪᳃ᗣኵ㸪᳜⏣㎮ὒ㸪ᖹ⏣㈼㸪㟷ᮌᡂᩥ➼ⱝ࠸ඛ⏕᪉ࡶ༠ຊࡋ࡚
⣙༙ᖺ㛫ࡢᢡ⾪ࡢୖ㸪㐙࡟᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࢆసࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ඲఍୍⮴࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᮏ఍ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㸬⚾ࡶⱝ࠸᪉ࡢ୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ດຊ࡛ࡁࡓ஦ࢆ㄂ࡿ㸬ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶

-4-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳⓎ㊊㸦㸧⤒⦋ ࠕ᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡢタ❧ࡢ㡭ࠖ⏥⸨ ዲ㑻㸦ఏ⇕◊✲➨ 41 ྕ㸧ࡼࡾ
 1960 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 24 ᪥➨୍ᅇୡヰே఍ Ꮫኈ఍㤋ู㤋 1960 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 8 ᪥➨஧ᅇୡヰே఍ Ꮫኈ఍㤋ู㤋 1960 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 14 ᪥

㛵すᆅ༊࡛◊✲఍ 1960 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 2 ᪥඲ᅜⓗ࡞ㄪᩚࡢࡓࡵࡢ఍ྜ Ꮫኈ఍㤋ู㤋 1961 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 4 ᪥Ⓨ㉳ே఍ ៞ᛂ⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ୕⏣ 1961 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 22 ᪥᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍➨ 1 ᅇ⥲఍ Ꮫኈ఍㤋ู㤋఍๎ఏ⇕◊✲Ⓨห

ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶-5-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ ᖺࡲ࡛㸦㹼㸧

➨1ᮇ

➨2ᮇ

➨3ᮇ

➨4ᮇ

➨5ᮇ

➨6ᮇ

➨7ᮇ

➨8ᮇ

➨9ᮇ

     ➨ 10 ᮇ➨  ᅇ᪥ᮏఏ⇕ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㸦 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ࠥ ᪥㸪ி㒔㸧 ➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
 1961 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࠥ9 ᭶ 1 ᪥ ⡿ᅜ࣭ࢥࣟࣛࢻ࣭࣮࣎ࣝࢲ࣮ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 125 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 11 ⦅㸧 㸦࠾ࡼࡧ㸪1962 ᖺ 1 ᭶㸪ࣟࣥࢻࣥ㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
 1966 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࠥ12 ᪥ ⡿ᅜ࣭ࢩ࢝ࢦ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 177 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 12 ⦅㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
 1970 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 31 ᪥ࠥ9 ᭶ 5 ᪥
 ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࣦ࢙ࣝࢧ࢖ࣘ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 355 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 17 ⦅㸧ᢤᒣᅄ㑻ඛ⏕ Max Jakob ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧  ➨  ᅇఏ⇕ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸦 ᖺ  ᭶ ࠥ ᪥㸪ඵ⋤Ꮚ㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶

-6-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ ᖺࡲ࡛㸦㹼㸧➨ 11 ᮇ

➨ 12 ᮇ

➨ 13 ᮇ

➨ 14 ᮇ

➨ 15 ᮇ

➨ 16 ᮇ

➨ 17 ᮇ

➨ 18 ᮇ

➨ 19 ᮇ

➨ 20 ᮇ

᪥⡿ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮㸦 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ࠥ ᭶  ᪥㸪ᮾி㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟







ᮾி࣭⤒ᅋ㐃఍㤋⡿ᅜഃฟᖍ⪅㸸W. Aung, R. J. Goldstein, E. R. Lady, N. Lior, W. M.
Rohsenow, F. W. Staub, B. K. H. Sun, C.-L. Tien, R. Viskanta, D. L.
Vrable, R. L. Webb, J. W. Westwater, W.-J. Yang㸦13 ྡ㸧㆟㛗 す⬥ ோ୍᪥ᮏഃฟᖍ⪅㸸57 ྡ

1974 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 3 ᪥ࠥ7 ᪥   Ỉ⛉ ⠜㑻す⬥ோ୍ඛ⏕ Max Jakob ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
 1978 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 31 ᪥ࠥ9 ᭶ 5 ᪥
 ࢝ࢼࢲ࣭ࢺࣟࣥࢺ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 395 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 36 ⦅㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶-7-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ ᖺࡲ࡛㸦㹼㸧➨ 21 ᮇ

➨ 22 ᮇ

➨ 23 ᮇ

➨ 24 ᮇ

➨ 25 ᮇ

➨ 26 ᮇ

➨ 27 ᮇ

➨ 28 ᮇ

➨ 29 ᮇ

➨ 30 ᮇ➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡㈹࣭ᢏ⾡㈹๰タ㸦㸧

 1982 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࠥ10 ᪥ ࢻ࢖ࢶ࣭࣑ࣗࣥ࣊ࣥᕤ⛉኱Ꮫ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 454 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 44 ⦅㸧 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 22 ⦅
➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟ 1986 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࠥ22 ᪥ ⡿ᅜ࣭ࢧࣥࣇࣛࣥࢩࢫࢥ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 451 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 46 ⦅㸧 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 28 ⦅➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟᳃ᗣኵඛ⏕ ASME Heat Transfer Memorial
Award ཷ㈹㸦㸧㸪$9/XLNRY グᛕ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧㸪0D[-DNRE ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧

 1990 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 26 ᪥ࠥ31 ᪥ ࢖ࢫ࢚࣭࢚ࣛࣝࣝࢧ࣒ࣞ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 415 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 46 ⦅㸧ఏ⇕ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 30 ⦅㸦෗┿ࡣ  ᖺ㸪㛵ᮾᆅ༊ࢧ࣐࣮ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ㸪㟷ᱵ㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶-8-

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ ᖺࡲ࡛㸦㹼㸧➨ 31 ᮇ

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➨ 40 ᮇ➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
Thermal Science and Engineering ๰ห㸦㸧

 1994 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 14 ᪥ࠥ18 ᪥ ⱥᅜ࣭ࣈࣛ࢖ࢺࣥ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 505 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 75 ⦅㸧 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 30 ⦅➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟ 1998 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 23 ᪥ࠥ28 ᪥ 㡑ᅜ࣭៞ᕞ ࢳ࣮ࣇ࢚ࢹ࢕ࢱ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 525 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 94 ⦅㸧  ᑠ➉ 㐍㸦1993ࠥ1996, 1997ࠥ2001㸧

 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 22 ⦅  ᅵ᪉ 㑥ኵ㸦1996ࠥ1997㸧୰ ᒣ  ᜏ ඛ ⏕ ASME Heat
Memorial Award ཷ㈹㸦㸧  すᑿ ⱱᩥ㸦2001ࠥ2005㸧

Transfer  Ἑᮧ ὒ㸦2005ࠥ2008㸧  㛛ฟ ᨻ๎㸦2008ࠥ㸧ྡ㄃఍ဨࡢ㢧ᙲ㸦1996ࠥ㸧
FILGAP ጤဨ఍タ❧㸦1994㸧
Ꮫ⏕఍ጤဨ఍タ❧㸦2000㸧


ዡບ㈹ࡢ๰タ㸦㸪:HQ-HL<DQJ ᩍᤵࡢᐤ㝃࡟࢟ࢵࢬ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㸦1996ࠥ㸧ࡼࡿ㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶

-9-J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ♫ᅋἲே໬
ᑗ᮶ၥ㢟᳨ウጤဨ఍タ⨨㸦1987㸧
᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍࡬ࡢྡ⛠ኚ᭦㸦1991㸧㈈ᨻᇶ┙ᙉ໬ࡢࡓࡵࡢເ㔠஦ᴗ㸦1993㸧タ❧⥲఍㸦1994 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 19 ᪥㸧♫ᅋἲே໬㸦1994 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 20 ᪥㸧グᛕㅮ₇఍㸦1994 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶- 10 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ᭱㏆ࡢ  ᖺ㸦㹼㸧➨ 41 ᮇ

➨ 42 ᮇ

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➨ 44 ᮇ

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 ➨ 48 ᮇ➨ 49 ᮇ

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Ꮫ⏕ඃ⚽ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㈹㸦2001ࠥ㸧ᅜ㝿ఏ⇕ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦IFHT㸧๰❧ 40 ࿘ᖺグᛕㅮ₇㸦2002 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 4 ᪥㸧➨㸯ᅇ 2004 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠥ26 ᪥

఍ㄅ CD-ROM ໬㸦2002㸧 ி㒔ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ࣃ࣮ࢡ ㆟㛗 ෇ᒣ 㔜┤ ㄽᩥᩘ 150 ⦅㸪࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸶⦅

TSE ࡢ ᪥ ᮏ ᶵ Ე Ꮫ ఍ ⱥ ᩥ ㄅ 㸦 J. Thermal
Science and Technology㸧࡬ࡢྜὶ㸦2006ࠥ㸧➨㸰ᅇ 2008 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠥ26 ᪥ ᮾி኱Ꮫ⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ ㆟㛗 ▼ሯ ຾ ㄽᩥᩘ 121 ⦅㸪࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ㸵⦅ᗉ ྖ  ṇ ᘯ ඛ ⏕  1XVVHOW5H\QROGV ᅜ 㝿 ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ᖹ⏣㈼ඛ⏕ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ⇕Ꮫ఍ᅜ㝿㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧$9/XLNRY グᛕ㈹ཷ㈹㸦㸧- 11 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ➟ᮌఙⱥඛ⏕ :LOOLDP%HJHO ࣓ࢲࣝཷ㈹㸦㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟
 2002 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 18 ᪥ࠥ23 ᪥ ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢢࣝࣀ࣮ࣈࣝ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 512 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 89 ⦅㸧 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 30 ⦅➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟➨  ᅇ᪥ᮏఏ⇕ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘᠓ぶ఍㸪ி㒔㸦㸧

 2006 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 23 ᪥ࠥ28 ᪥ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔࣭ࢩࢻࢽ࣮ ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 657 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 95 ⦅㸧 ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 33 ⦅
➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟ 2010 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࠥ13 ᪥ ⡿ᅜ࣭࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ DC ㄽᩥ⥲ᩘ 854 ⦅㸦࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ 103 ⦅㸧ఏ⇕Ꮫ఍ᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢ఍㛗ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ㸦➨  ᅇ᪥ᮏఏ⇕ ࣮࢟ࣀ࣮ࢺ 31 ⦅ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㸪ࡘࡃࡤ㸪 ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥㸧➨  ᅇᅜ㝿ఏ⇕఍㆟ 2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 10 ᪥ࠥ15 ᪥ ᪥ᮏ࣭ி㒔ኌ ᫂♫ᅋἲே ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍ ♫ᅋἲே᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍ࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮♫఍ࡢᏛ⾡ᇶ┙࡛࠶ࡿఏ⇕Ꮫࡢ㐍Ṍᬑཬࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ࢃࡀᅜ࡜ୡ⏺ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛㞟ࡗࡓᏛ⾡࣭⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢ◊✲⪅࠾ࡼࡧᢏ⾡⪅ࡢ⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡾ㸪๰❧௨᮶⣙㸳㸮ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾ㸪ఏ⇕࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛ⌮࠾ࡼࡧᛂ⏝ᢏ⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚ୡ⏺ࢆ࣮ࣜࢻࡍ
ࡿ࡜ඹ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࢆᨭ࠼ࡿேᮦࢆ㍮ฟࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬 ௒ኟ㸪ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣඛ㐍୺せᅜ࡟ࡼࡿ໭ᾏ㐨Ὕ√†ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ౛ࢆᘬࡃࡲ
࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡣᆅ⌫࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎࡢせ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᙜᏛ఍ࡢᢸ࠺ఏ⇕Ꮫ࡞࠸ࡋ⇕Ꮫࡣᮏၥ㢟ࡢゎࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿୖ࡛᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢᇶ♏ࢆ࡞ࡍᏛ⌮࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᙜᏛ఍࠾ࡼࡧ఍ဨࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆ♫఍࡜ୡ⏺࡟㑏ඖࡍࡿ౑࿨ࢆᣢࡘ㸬ࡇࡢ౑࿨ࡢ㐙⾜࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪ᙜᏛ఍ࡀ㛤ദࡍࡿ᪥ᮏఏ⇕ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡸ㸪ห⾜ࡍࡿᏛ఍ㄅ࣭ㄽᩥ㞟ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ⓨಙ࣭⵳✚ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⭾኱࡞▱ぢ࡜▱㆑ࡀ㸪㛵㐃ࡍࡿᏛ⾡࣭⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢⓎᒎࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ㸪࠿ࡘ⏘ᴗ࡜⾜ᨻ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ㸬 ྠ᫬࡟ᙜᏛ఍ࡣ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭⎔ቃ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ఍ࡢ♫఍ⓗ౑࿨ࢆ୍ᒙ⮬ぬࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⌮✲᫂࡟ຍ࠼㸪▱ࡢ๰㐀ࢆ♫఍ⓗ౯್࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ♫఍ࡢせồ࡟୍ᒙᛂ࠼ᚓࡿࡼ࠺㸪බ┈࡬ࡢᐤ୚ᗘࢆࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺ດࡵࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ḟ௦ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮚ࡝
ࡶ㐩ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋ㸪⾜ᨻ࡜⏘ᴗࡢᨭ᥼ࡢୗ࡟ࠕ࢟ࢵࢬ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠖࡢ୍ᒙࡢ඘ᐇ➼ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࠿ࡽࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡢ඘ᐇ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿ㸬 ᙜᏛ఍ࡣ㸪๓㌟࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏఏ⇕◊✲఍ࡢⓎ㊊࠿ࡽᩘ࠼㸪3 ᖺᚋ࡟๰❧ 50 ࿘ᖺࢆ㏄࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓఏ⤫࡜ᡂᯝࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟㸪㛵㐃Ꮫ༠఍┦஫ࡢ㐃ᦠࡢᙉ໬࡜ేࡏ㸪♫఍࠿ࡽࡢከᵝ࡞せồ࡟ᛂ࠼ᚓࡿࡼ࠺Ꮫ఍ෆࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫయไᩚഛࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟㐍ࡵ㸪௨࡚ఏ⇕Ꮫ࣭⇕Ꮫࡢᬑཬ࣭ྥୖࢆ
㏻ࡌ࡚᪥ᮏཬࡧୡ⏺ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅ㈐ົࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࢆබ⣙ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖ
2008 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 22 ᪥ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶- 12 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍㸦◊✲఍㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱ఍ဨ ྡ㄃఍ဨ ㈶ຓ఍ဨ㻟♫⏣෇ ி㒔 ி㒔఍㤋Ỉ⛉䚷⠜㑻㻣㻝㻟㻘㻞㻠㻡 ᮾி ᪥ᮏ㒔ᕷ䝉䞁䝍䞊ෆ 䚷⚽㞝㻢㻣㻥㻘㻞㻤㻝 ௝ྎ ᐑᇛ┴Ẹ఍㤋ᆤෆ䚷Ⅽ㞝㻣㻤㻞㻘㻡㻣㻟 ྡྂᒇ ឡ▱┴ ᴗ㈠᫆㤋ᮡᒣ䚷ᖾ㻤㻜㻣㻘㻣㻢㻞 ⚟ᒸ ⚟ᒸᕷኳ⚄䝡䝹すᕝ䚷වᗣ㻣㻥㻣㻘㻟㻡㻤 ᮐᖠ ᪥ᮏ ࿨䝡䝹ㅮᇽᩪ⸨䚷Ṋ㻝㻘㻠㻝㻠㻘㻣㻤㻢 ᮾி Ꮫኈ఍㤋ᮏ㤋୍Ⰽ䚷ᑦḟ㻝㻘㻟㻟㻡㻘㻢㻝㻜 ኱㜰 ኱㜰⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䝉䞁䝍䞊ᑠ➟ཎ䚷ගಙ
㻝㻘㻠㻞㻤㻘㻠㻢㻣 ᗈᓥ ୰ᅜ᪂⪺♫䝡䝹㢗ᐇ䚷ṇᘯ㻝㻘㻤㻝㻢㻘㻜㻣㻜 ௝ྎ ᐑᇛ┴Ẹ఍㤋๓ 䚷ᅄ㑻㻞㻘㻟㻢㻟㻘㻝㻞㻢 ྡྂᒇ ឡ▱┴୰ᑠ௻ᴗ䝉䞁䝍䞊䚷ᛅ㻟㻘㻥㻢㻥㻘㻡㻠㻠 ⚟ᒸ 㟁Ẽ䝡䝹ᮏ㤋㛗㇂ᕝ䚷ಟ㻟㻘㻢㻤㻠㻘㻝㻟㻠 ⚄ᡞ රᗜ┴Ẹ఍㤋䞉රᗜ┴⚾Ꮫ఍㤋㉥ᕝ䚷ᾈ㻡㻘㻡㻥㻣㻘㻡㻜㻞 ᮾி ᪥ᮏ㒔ᕷ䝉䞁䝍䞊᳜ 䚷㎮ὒ㻡㻘㻤㻟㻝㻘㻢㻢㻟 ᮐᖠ ໭ᾏ㐨ཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋㛵䚷ಙᘯ㻢㻘㻟㻜㻝㻘㻞㻤㻞 ᗈᓥ ᪂ඵ୎ᇼ఍㤋㢗ᐇ䚷ṇᘯ㻢㻘㻢㻥㻣㻘㻞㻟㻢 㔠䝩䝸䝕䜲䞉䜲䞁㔠
ᖹ஭䚷ⱥ஧㻠㻘㻣㻤㻟㻘㻞㻣㻠 ௝ྎ 䝩䝔䝹ⓑⴗṊᒣ䚷ᩩ㑻㻤㻘㻞㻜㻝㻘㻜㻞㻤 ྡྂᒇ ឡ▱ཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋㧗὾䚷ᖹ୐㑻
㻢㻘㻝㻟㻞㻘㻟㻥㻥 ⚟ᒸ ⚟ᒸ䝃䞁䝟䝺䝇⸨஭䚷ဴ㻢㻘㻤㻥㻠㻘㻢㻣㻝 ி㒔 ᅜ❧ி㒔ᅜ㝿఍㤋ᒱ⨾䚷᱁㻢㻘㻤㻢㻜㻘㻤㻢㻟 ᮾி ᪥ᮏ㒔ᕷ䝉䞁䝍䞊ᒣ䚷ຌ⸝㻢㻘㻣㻞㻜㻘㻡㻥㻞 ᮐᖠ ໭ᾏ㐨኱ᏛᏛ⾡஺ὶ఍㤋▼㯮䚷ு஧㻤㻘㻢㻣㻡㻘㻞㻟㻞 ᯇᒣ ឡ፾┴┴Ẹᩥ໬఍㤋஧⚄䚷ᾈ୕㻣㻘㻣㻠㻝㻘㻥㻜㻟 㔠▼ᕝ┴ཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋ᯘ䚷ຬ஧㑻㻣㻘㻡㻡㻜㻘㻢㻝㻣 ௝ྎ ᐑᇛ➨୍䝩䝔䝹Ọ஭䚷ఙᶞ㻣㻘㻢㻣㻠㻘㻡㻡㻝 ྡྂᒇ ឡ▱┴ཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋ᯫ㇂䚷ᫀಙ㻥㻘㻡㻞㻤㻘㻥㻝㻡 ⚟ᒸ ⚟ᒸ䝸䞊䝉䞁䝖䝩䝔䝹ఀ⸨䚷 ᏹ㻝㻞㻘㻞㻟㻝㻘㻝㻤㻢 ኱㜰 ኱㜰ᅜ㝿஺ὶ䝉䞁䝍䞊㧗ᇛ䚷ᩄ⨾㻝㻞㻘㻣㻤㻝㻘㻠㻡㻥 ᶓ὾ ᶓ὾ᕷ㛤 グᛕ఍㤋๓ 䚷ᫀಙ㻝㻡㻘㻢㻟㻠㻘㻞㻝㻡 ᮐᖠ ໭ᾏ㐨኱Ꮫⓒᖺグᛕ఍㤋䞉Ꮫ⾡஺ὶ఍㤋⚟㏕䚷ᑦ୍㑻
㻞㻡㻘㻡㻠㻢㻘㻡㻤㻡 ᒣཱྀ ᒣཱྀ┴ᩍ⫱఍㤋䞉ᒣཱྀ┴⚟♴఍㤋ᐑᮏ䚷ᨻⱥ㻞㻣㻘㻠㻤㻡㻘㻟㻠㻣 ᪂₲ ᪂₲┴Ẹ఍㤋䞉䝯䝹䝟䝹䜽᪂₲䞉ᅵᆅᨵⰋ఍㤋๓ᕝ䚷༤㻞㻢㻘㻞㻜㻠㻘㻡㻞㻥 ௝ྎ ᐑᇛ➨୍䝩䝔䝹ᡞ 䚷୕ᮁ㻟㻜㻘㻟㻢㻥㻘㻜㻢㻣 ྡྂᒇ ྡྂᒇᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ⸨ 䚷⚽⮧㻠㻜㻘㻤㻜㻟㻘㻢㻡㻢 ⇃ᮏ 㻷㻷㻾䝩䝔䝹⇃ᮏ䞉⇃ᮏཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋஭ᮧ䚷ⱥ᫛㻟㻟㻘㻣㻢㻡㻘㻥㻥㻞 ⚄ᡞ ⚄ᡞᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ⸨஭䚷↷㔜㻞㻥㻘㻞㻞㻡㻘㻜㻡㻠 䛥䛔䛯䜎 䝋䝙䝑䜽䝅䝔䜱䞊ᮃ᭶䚷㈆ᡂ
㻞㻥㻘㻣㻜㻣㻘㻝㻡㻤 ᮐᖠ ཌ ᖺ㔠఍㤋ᕤ⸨䚷୍ᙪ㻠㻜㻘㻤㻝㻞㻘㻡㻥㻟 ᗈᓥ ᗈᓥᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ⳥ᆅ㻌⩏ᘯ㻠㻠㻘㻠㻥㻥㻘㻡㻥㻠 ᐩᒣ ᐩᒣᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ䞉ᐩᒣ┴Ẹ఍㤋➉㉺䚷ᴿಇ㻟㻠㻘㻥㻜㻠㻘㻡㻥㻝 ௝ྎ ௝ྎᅜ㝿䝉䞁䝍䞊୕ᾆ䚷㝯฼㻟㻟㻘㻥㻠㻡㻘㻡㻜㻝 ྡྂᒇ ྡྂᒇᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙ㛗㔝䚷㟹ᑦ㻟㻜㻘㻞㻟㻡㻘㻣㻠㻝 㛗ᓮ 㛗ᓮ䝤䝸䝑䜽䝩䞊䝹ⱱᆅ䚷ᚭ㻟㻡㻘㻢㻞㻜㻘㻞㻣㻠 䛴䛟䜀 䛴䛟䜀ᅜ㝿఍㆟ሙἙᮧ䚷ὒ㻞㻥㻘㻢㻥㻝㻘㻡㻣㻠 ி㒔 ᅜ❧ி㒔ᅜ㝿఍㤋㔝㻌ಇ㑻㻞㻤㻘㻝㻠㻞㻘㻢㻢㻢 ᮐᖠ ᮐᖠ䝁䞁䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁䝉䞁䝍䞊㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾ᒸᒣ ᒸᒣ䝁䞁䝧䞁䝅䝵䞁䝉䞁䝍䞊
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ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶

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ṇ఍ဨ Ꮫ

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ᖺᗘ

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J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳṔ௦఍㛗࣭๪఍㛗࣭⌮஦
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㟷ᮌ㻌࿴ኵ

➉ෆ㻌ṇ⣖

➉ෆ㻌ṇ⣖

ᑠᯘ㻌╬ኵ

ᑠᯘ㻌╬ኵ

ᒾᇛ㻌ᩄ༤

ᒾᇛ㻌ᩄ༤

ᮌᮏ㻌᪥ฟኵ ᮌᮏ㻌᪥ฟኵ

ⴗ㔝㻌ᩥ୸

୰ᓥ㻌೺

୰ᓥ㻌೺

ᖹ

ᖹ

㔝㻌ಇ㑻

㔝㻌ಇ㑻

㻌㞞ᘺ

⏣

⏣

㻌ဴኵ

⏣

ຍ⸨㻌ᚁ୕

Ỉୖ㻌⣫୍

Ỉୖ㻌⣫୍

すᮧ㻌㱟ኵ

すᮧ㻌㱟ኵ

ዟᒣ㻌႐ஂኵ

஭ᮧ㻌ⱥ᫛

஭ᮧ㻌ⱥ᫛

௒▼㻌ᐅஅ

௒▼㻌ᐅஅ

㛛ฟ㻌ᨻ๎㻌

㛛ฟ㻌ᨻ๎㻌

⚟㏕㻌ᑦ୍㑻

ᐑᮏ㻌ᨻⱥ

๓ᕝ㻌༤

ᡞ

⸨

⳻

㻌බ୍

⸨஭㻌↷㔜

ᮃ᭶㻌㈆ᡂ

ᕤ⸨㻌୍ᙪ

⳥ᆅ㻌⩏ᘯ

୰ᓥ㻌฼ㄔ

୰ᓥ㻌฼ㄔ

㔠Ꮚ㻌㑥ᙪ

㔠Ꮚ㻌㑥ᙪ

‶ῲ㻌㑥ᙪ

‶ῲ㻌㑥ᙪ

⳻἟㻌Ꮥኵ

▼ሯ㻌຾

⳥ᆅ㻌⩏ᘯ

ᶓᒣ㻌Ꮥ

㟷ᮌ㻌༤ྐ

Ỉ㔝㻌ᙲ

Ỉ㔝㻌ᙲ

ᯇᑿ㻌⠜஧

ᯇᑿ㻌⠜஧

⳻἟㻌Ꮥኵ

⸨

⸨

▼

▼

༓ⴥ㻌Ꮥኵ

ఀ⸨㻌ṇ᫛

ఀ⸨㻌ṇ᫛

ᯇᮌ㻌೺ḟ

ᑠ⃝㻌

Ώ㑔㻌⃆㞝

Ώ㑔㻌⃆㞝

Ṋ▼㻌㈼୍㑻 Ṋ▼㻌㈼୍㑻

㧗ᶫ㻌ಟ୍

㧗ᓥ㻌ၨ⾜

㟷ᮌ㻌༤ྐ

ᯇᮌ㻌೺ḟ

஬༑ᔒ㻌႐Ⰻ ஬༑ᔒ㻌႐Ⰻ ᑠ⃝㻌

⾜

⏤

ஂゅ㻌႐ᚨ

ஂゅ㻌႐ᚨ

▼ሯ㻌຾

໭ᮧ㻌㑥ᙪ

ᰗ㻌ㅬ୍

ᰗ㻌ㅬ୍
㫽ᒃ㻌⸅

ᮃ᭶㻌㈆ᡂ

ᮃ᭶㻌㈆ᡂ

ኴ

ኴ

㻌↷࿴

᭷෠㻌ṇ᠇

኱㝮㻌ṇே

኱㝮㻌ṇே

ᶓᇼ㻌ㄔ୍

ᶓᇼ㻌ㄔ୍

ᒣ୰㻌ᬇ㑻

ᒣ୰㻌ᬇ㑻

⏣

㻠㻡

㻠㻢

㻠㻣

㻠㻤

㻠㻥

㻡㻜

ᮃ᭶㻌㈆ᡂ

ᰄ᳜㻌⥤ኵ

Ἑᮧ㻌ὒ

㛗㔝㻌㟹ᑦ

ᯘ㻌ຬ஧㑻

➟ᮌ㻌ఙⱥ

ᑠ⃝㻌 ⾜
⏤

Ṋ▼㻌㈼୍㑻

ஂゅ㻌႐ᚨ

ᗣ㻌೔᫂

ᶓᇼ㻌ㄔ୍

ᶓᇼ㻌ㄔ୍

ᑠᯘ㻌ಙ㞝

㟷ᮌ㻌༤ྐ

᳃㻌἞Ⴙ

๪఍㛗

ኴ

㻌↷࿴

ቑᒸ㻌㝯ኈ

຾

㔝㻌ಇ㑻

㛛ฟ㻌ᨻ๎

℧ᮏ㻌᫛

ᒣ

㻌ᖾ

⏕

ᑠ⃝㻌Ᏺ

ᒸᓮ㻌೺

➟ᮌ㻌ఙⱥ

➟ᮌ㻌ఙⱥ

ᐑෆ㻌ᩄ㞝

ᐑෆ㻌ᩄ㞝

᳃㻌ᗣᙪ

᳃㻌ᗣᙪ

Ᏹ㧗㻌⩏㑻

Ᏹ㧗㻌⩏㑻

㣕ཎ㻌ⱥ἞

㛛ฟ㻌ᨻ๎

㛛ฟ㻌ᨻ๎

బ⸨㻌໏

బ⸨㻌໏

୰㒊㻌୺ᩗ

୰㒊㻌୺ᩗ

෇ᒣ㻌㔜┤

෇ᒣ㻌㔜┤

㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾

㧗

㧗

ྜྷ

ྜྷ

㻌ⱥ

㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾

ⰼᮧ㻌ඞᝅ

ⰼᮧ㻌ඞᝅ

㧗ᯇ㻌ὒ

ᕝ㻌ᫀᘯ

㒊㻌㇏

㒊㻌㇏

ᆏୗ㻌ᘯே

ᆏୗ㻌ᘯே
ᘅ℩㻌ᏹ୍

⏣

✄ᮧ㻌㝯ኵ

✄ᮧ㻌㝯ኵ

㟷ᮌ㻌⚽அ

㟷ᮌ㻌⚽அ

ᘅ℩㻌ᏹ୍

ⰼᮧ㻌ඞᝅ

ᒣ

ᒣ

㻌⣧

ཎᮧ㻌჆ᙪ

ཎᮧ㻌჆ᙪ

኱ஂಖ㻌ⱥᩄ ኱ஂಖ㻌ⱥᩄ

໭ᮧ㻌೺୕

໭ᮧ㻌೺୕

嚨㻌ಇ༤

嚨㻌ಇ༤

ᘅ

㻌┿ྐ

ᘅ

㻌┿ྐ

ᯈ㇂㻌⩏⣖

ᯈ㇂㻌⩏⣖

⏣

ᖹ

ᖹ

㻌ဴኵ

㟷ᮌ㻌࿴ኵ

㟷ᮌ㻌࿴ኵ

ጲ㔝㻌ಟᘅ

ጲ㔝㻌ಟᘅ

▼ሯ㻌຾

▼ሯ㻌຾

ከ

⸨஭㻌↷㔜

➉୰㻌ಙᖾ

➉୰㻌ಙᖾ

୰㒊㻌୺ᩗ

ྜྷ

༓

ྜྷ

すᮧ㻌ఙஓ

すᮧ㻌ఙஓ

ዟᒣ㻌႐ஂኵ

⏣

㻌⣧

⏣

⏣

㻌ᖾ

⏕

㻌⠜ṇ

⏣

⏣

⏣

㻌㻌⾫

ᕝ㻌ṇே

⏣

⏣

⏣

ᮧୖ㻌ᖾ୍

ᶫᮏ㻌ᚊ

ᶫᮏ㻌ᚊ

ຍ⸨㻌Ὀ

ຍ⸨㻌Ὀ

ᑠᒣ㻌⦾

᳃㻌ⱥኵ

᳃㻌ⱥኵ

ᐩᮧ㻌ᑑኵ

ᐩᮧ㻌ᑑኵ

㭯

➉㉺㻌ᴿಇ

୕ᾆ㻌㝯฼

㛗㔝㻌㟹ᑦ

ⱱᆅ㻌ᚭ

Ἑᮧ㻌ὒ

㔝㻌ಇ㑻

✄ⴥ㻌ⱥ

▼ሯ㻌຾

⏕

ᮧୖ㻌ᖾ୍

ᑠᒣ㻌⦾

⏕

嚯ᆏ㻌᫛἞

⏨

嚯ᆏ㻌᫛἞

ΎỈ㻌᫛ẚྂ ΎỈ㻌᫛ẚྂ

⏨

⌮

㻌⠜ṇ

⏣

෇ᒣ㻌㔜┤

ⰼᮧ㻌ඞᝅ

⏣

෇ᒣ㻌㔜┤

⚄Ọ㻌ᩥே

⏣

⏕

෇ᒣ㻌㔜┤

⏣

ụ

ᕤ⸨㻌୍ᙪ

⏕

ụ

ᕤ⸨㻌୍ᙪ

ᕝ㻌ᫀᘯ

㻌ⱥ

⏣

㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾

㻌ဴኵ

㻌ಖஅ

⏣

㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾

⏣

㻌ಖஅ

㻌ṇᩥ

⏣

㻠㻠
ᗉྖ㻌ṇᘯ

∾

㻠㻟
Ⲩᮌ㻌ಙᖾ

⏣

㻠㻞
Ⲷ㔝㻌ᩥ୸

⏣

㻌㝯἞

⏨

኱ཎ㻌ᩄኵ

୰㻌཰

⏣

኱ᓥ㻌ఙ⾜

኱ᓥ㻌ఙ⾜

ᯇ㔝㻌Ꮥ඘

㧗

᳃㻌἞Ⴙ

᳃㻌἞Ⴙ

▼ሯ㻌຾

▼ሯ㻌຾

኱᭮᰿㻌㟹ኵ ῝ᕝ㻌㞞ᖾ

➟ᮌ㻌ఙⱥ

Ᏻ

኱ཎ㻌ᩄኵ

ᗣ㻌೔᫂㻌

ᗣ㻌೔᫂

୰㻌཰

ᯇ㔝㻌Ꮥ඘

⸨ᒸ㻌ᜨᏊ ኱᭮᰿㻌㟹ኵ

῝ᕝ㻌㞞ᖾ

⛅ྜྷ㻌ு

⛅ྜྷ㻌ு

㟷ᮌ㻌ಟ୍

Ᏹ㧗㻌⩏㑻
㻌ಇᙪ

㟷ᮌ㻌ಟ୍
ᕤ⸨㻌୍ᙪ

ᒣ

ఀ⸨㻌ṇ᫛

㟷ᮌ㻌༤ྐ

㟷ᮌ㻌༤ྐ

⏕

⏣

㻌ᖾ

⏕

ᕤ⸨㻌୍ᙪ

ఀ⸨㻌ṇ᫛

ᒣ

㻌ᖾ

⚄Ọ㻌ᩥே

⚄Ọ㻌ᩥே

ᑠἨ㻌Ᏻ㑻

ᑠἨ㻌Ᏻ㑻

኱ཎ㻌ᩄኵ

኱ཎ㻌ᩄኵ

ᯇ㔝㻌Ꮥ඘

ᯇ㔝㻌Ꮥ඘

⸨ᒸ㻌ᜨᏊ

⏣

᭷෠㻌ṇ᠇㻌

ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶

㻌ಖஅ

⏣

⸨ᒸ㻌ᜨᏊ

໭ᮧ㻌㑥ᙪ

㧗

⏣

⏣

㧗ᶫ㻌ಟ୍

⏨

∾

ᶓᒣ㻌Ꮥ

⳥ᆅ㻌⩏ᘯ

⏣

㏆ஂ㻌Ṋ⨾
㻌ಖஅ

㻌ဴ⩏

⏣

㻌ဴ⩏

⏣

㻌↷࿴

⏣

㫽ᒃ㻌⸅

㻌༤அ

⏣

⏣

㻌ᫀಙ

⏣

ሷ෬㻌㟈ኴ㑻 ሷ෬㻌㟈ኴ㑻

⏣

๓

㻌Ꮥኵ

⏤

㻌ᫀಙ

ᒸ

⏣

⏣

๓

㻌Ꮥኵ

⏣ ⏣

㻌჆ᏹ

ᒸ

⏣ ⏣

㣤

⾜

㻌༤அ

⏨

∾

᳃ᒸ㻌ᩪ

ᑿῧ㻌⣫அ

∾

⏨

᳃ᒸ㻌ᩪ

ᑿῧ㻌⣫அ

㻌⚽⮧

㻌㞝ᚿ

⏣

✄ⴥ㻌ⱥ

ቑᒸ㻌㝯ኈ

⏣

✄ⴥ㻌ⱥ

⏨

ຍ⸨㻌Ὀ

ቑᒸ㻌㝯ኈ

⏕

⌮

⸨஭㻌↷㔜

㻌୕ᮁ

㻌㞝ᚿ

ᮇ

┘㻌஦

㻌༤ྖ

㛗㔝㻌㟹ᑦ

㻌჆ᏹ

㻌㥴

఍㛗

㻌஦

ሷ෬㻌㟈ኴ㑻
⏣

㻌ṇᾈ

⏣

⏣

௰

㻟㻣

㯮ᓮ㻌᫷ኵ 㕥ᮌ㻌೺஧㑻 ⚟㏕㻌ᑦ୍㑻

⏣

㻟㻞
Ჴ⃝㻌୍㑻

┘㻌஦

⏣

⏣ ⏣

⏣ ∾

ᮇ
఍㛗

㻌஦

๪఍㛗
ᒣ䚷ຌⶶ
㛗㇂ᕝ䚷ಟ
ᒱ⨾䚷᱁
Ჴ⃝䚷୍㑻
㛵䚷ಙᘯ
Ჴ⃝䚷୍㑻
ᒣᐙ䚷ㅬ஧
⛅ᒣ䚷Ᏺ
኱㇂䚷ⱱ┒
⛅ᒣ䚷Ᏺ
ᯇᮏ䚷㝯୍
ᩪ⸨䚷Ꮥᇶ
⸨஭䚷ဴ
ᩪ⸨䚷Ꮥᇶ
ᖹ 䚷㈼
ᑠ➉䚷㐍
ᇼ䚷㞞ኵ
ᑠ➉䚷㐍
▼㯮䚷ு஧
㉺ᚋ䚷ு୕
⸨᥃䚷㈼ྖ
㉺ᚋ䚷ு୕
┦ཎ䚷฼㞝
㯮ᓮ䚷᫷ኵ
㕥ᮌ䚷೺஧㑻 㯮ᓮ䚷᫷ኵ
ᯫ㇂䚷ᫀಙ
஭ୖ䚷᫭
ఀ⸨䚷 ᏹ
஭ୖ䚷᫭
∦

⏥

⏨

఍㛗
᳃䚷ᗣኵ
⸨䚷ዲ㑻
ᅜ஭䚷኱ⶶ
ᑠᯘ䚷Ύᚿ
㟷ᮌ䚷ᡂᩥ
᳜ 䚷㎮ὒ
Ṋᒣ䚷ᩩ㑻
ᒱ⨾䚷᱁
㛗㇂ᕝ䚷ಟ
኱㇂䚷ⱱ┒
ᖹ 䚷㈼
⸨஭䚷ဴ
▼㯮䚷ு஧
ᑠ➉䚷㐍
⸨ 䚷㑥

⏥

ᮇ
㻝㻣
㻝㻤
㻝㻥
㻞㻜
㻞㻝
㻞㻞
㻞㻟
㻞㻠
㻞㻡
㻞㻢
㻞㻣
㻞㻤
㻞㻥
㻟㻜
㻟㻝

⏣ ⏣

⏣

ἲே໬ᚋ

఍㛗
๪఍㛗
ᑠᯘ䚷᫂
ᶲ䚷⸨㞝
ᢤᒣ䚷ᅄ㑻
ᶲ䚷⸨㞝
▮ᮌ䚷ᰤ
ෆ 䚷⚽㞝
ෆ 䚷⚽㞝
Ჴ 䚷Ὀ
す⬥䚷ோ୍
⸨䚷ዲ㑻
Ⳣཎ䚷Ⳣ㞝
Ỉ⛉䚷⠜㑻
⸨䚷ዲ㑻
ᒣ┴䚷Ύ
బ⸨䚷ಇ
᳜ 䚷㎮ὒ
ᆤෆ䚷Ⅽ㞝
すᕝ䚷වᗣ
᳜ 䚷㎮ὒ
ᶲ䚷⸨㞝
୍Ⰽ䚷ᑦḟ
ᅜ஭䚷኱ⶶ
ᩪ⸨䚷Ṋ
ᑠ➟ཎ䚷ගಙ ᅜ஭䚷኱ⶶᑠ➟ཎ䚷ගಙ 㢗ᐇ䚷ṇᘯ
ᖹ 䚷㈼
๓ 䚷ᅄ㑻
ᖹ 䚷㈼
ෆ 䚷⚽㞝
Ỉ⛉䚷⠜㑻
䚷ᛅ
ᖹ 䚷㈼
⸨䚷ዲ㑻
୍Ⰽ䚷ᑦḟ
ᮡᒣ䚷ᖾ
すᕝ䚷වᗣ
Ἠ䚷ுኴ㑻
୍Ⰽ䚷ᑦḟ
ᒣ䚷ຌⶶ
బ⸨䚷ಇ
Ṋᒣ䚷ᩩ㑻
ἑ



ᮇ
㻝
㻞
㻟
㻠
㻡
㻢
㻣
㻤
㻥
㻝㻜
㻝㻝
㻝㻞
㻝㻟
㻝㻠
㻝㻡
㻝㻢

- 14 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍༙ୡ⣖ࡢṌࡳ

ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 26 ᪥
ࠛ101-0047 ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊ෆ⚄⏣ 1-18-11♫ᅋἲே ᪥ᮏఏ⇕Ꮫ఍
Tel. 03-3259-7919
http://www.htsj.or.jp

ͤ ᮏ㈨ᩱࡣఏ⇕Ꮫ఍Ꮫ఍ㄅࠕఏ⇕ࠖࡢグ஦࡞࡝ࢆඖ࡟సᡂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀ㸪஦ᐇ࡜␗࡞ࡿグ㍕ࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍ㸬ࡑࡢ㝿ࡣ㸪᫝㠀Ꮫ఍஦ົᒁࡲ࡛࠾▱ࡽࡏୗࡉ࠸ࡲࡍࡼ࠺࠾㢪࠸⮴ࡋࡲࡍ㸬ఏ⇕ 2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶- 15 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔

ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙  ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩႎ๔
Report on the Heat Transfer Seminar of HTSJ 50th Anniversaryቝ㜞 ⟵㇢ 1㧘ᄢਭ଻ ⧷ᢅ 2㧘⨹ᧁ ᜏੱ 1㧘㈬੗ ๋ᷡ 1㧘ᵻጟ 㦖ᓼ 3㧘ᵤፉ ዁ม 4
㧔1 ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇ㧘2 ₹Ꮉᄢቇ㧘3 㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ㧘4 ᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕
1
2
Yoshio UTAKA , Hidetoshi OHKUBO , Takuto ARAKI1, Seigo SAKAI1, Tatsunori ASAOKA3, Shohji TSUSHIMA4(1 Yokohama National Univ., 2 Tamagawa Univ., 3 Aoyama Gakuin Univ., 4 Tokyo Inst. of Tech.)ߊߩᣇߦߏෳട޿ߚߛ߈㧘7 ฬߩ⻠Ꮷߦࠃࠆਣ 1ᣣߩ⻠Ṷߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⊝᭽ߣߣ߽ߦવᾲቇ㧔ળ㧕ߩવ⛔ߩ㊀ߺࠍᗵߓߥ߇ࠄᄢ޿ߦീᒝࠍߐߖߡ޿
ߚߛߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦᙣⷫળ߅ࠃ߮ᔀ
ᐩ⸛⺰ળࠍㅢߓߡ㧘᥉Ბߪ৻✜ߦߥࠅߦߊ޿ᐢ޿
਎ઍߦࠊߚࠆળຬߩ⍮⊛ߥ੤ᵹߩ႐ߣߒߡᗧ⟵ᷓ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ㧚․ߦ 5 ቶߦಽ߆ࠇߡߩ
ಽ㊁೎ߩᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળߢߪࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞ࠍ޿ߚߛ߈ߥ
߇ࠄ㧘⻠Ꮷߣㅴⴕᓎߩవ↢ᣇࠍਛᔃߦᷓᄛ߹ߢᄙ
ߊߩ⧯ᚻ࡮ਛၷ㨯ࡌ࠹࡜ࡦᷙวߩ⎇ⓥ⺰⼏ߪᩰ೎ߥ߽ߩߢߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ቇળߢߪೋ߼ߡߩ WEB ߦࠃ
ࠆ࡜ࠗࡉ㈩ାࠍታᣉߒ㧘ෳട߇㔍ߒ޿ᣇ‫߽ߦޘ‬ኻᔕ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ㧚ᄢᓎࠍᨐߚߒߡߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦᷓߊᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩડ↹߆ࠄታᣉߦࠊߚࠅ㧘ㆡಾߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᨋ
ാੑ㇢೨ળ㐳㧘═ᧁિ⧷ળ㐳㧘౒௅ߣߒߡਥߦ⻠Ṷળ႐ߩଢቱࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᮮᵿᏒ⚻ᷣዪ㧘߅ࠃ߮ᔀᐩ⸛⺰ߩㅴⴕᓎࠍ߅ᒁ߈ฃߌ޿ߚߛ߈߹
ߒߚవ↢ᣇߦෘߊ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߏෳടߩ⊝᭽ߣߣ߽ߦᄢᄌᭉߒ޿ᯏળࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ߚߎߣ㧘ታⴕᆔຬ৻หᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚એਅߦ㧘ᧄ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߅ࠃ߮ታᣉ⚵❱ࠍ⸥ߒ߹ߔ㧚࠮ࡒ࠽࡯᭎ⷐ
ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߇
ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ㧘10 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚߅ࠃ߮ࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿߦߡ㐿௅ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ડ↹࡮ታⴕᜂᒰߣߒߡ㧘ߪߓ߼ߦ᭎ⷐࠍႎ๔ߐߖ
ߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚ᧄቇળᕡ଀ⴕ੐ߩવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߪ 20 ᐕ߶ߤ೨߆ࠄฦᡰㇱߦߡታᣉߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚੹࿁ߪ㧘ߘࠇએ೨ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚో࿖ વᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩᒻࠍ୫
ࠅߡ㧘50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ో࿖ ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍታ
ᣉߒߚ޿ߣ⠨߃߹ߒߚ㧚50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺታⴕᆔຬ
ળߩᡰㇱ⸥ᔨ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍ⛔᜝ߔࠆዊỈᡰㇱዊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ߣ߽ᗧ⷗߇৻⥌ߒ㧘50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺታⴕ
ᆔຬળ߅ࠃ߮ℂ੐ળߦߡ㧘ડ↹ౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ᮮᵿߢ
ߩ㐿௅ࠍੌᛚ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ᣧㅦᮮᵿㄭ㇠ߩ⧯
ᚻߩవ↢ᣇࠍਛᔃߦታⴕᆔຬળࠍ᭴ᚑߒ㧘Ḱ஻ߦ౉ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚
⻠Ṷౝኈߣߒߡߪ㧘‫࡮࡮ޟ‬㧔ಽ㊁㧕50 ᐕߩㅴዷ‫ޠ‬ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩਅ㧘ቇળഃ┙߆ࠄ੹ᣣ߹ߢવᾲቇߩ
ਛᔃߦ૏⟎ߔࠆಽ㊁ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡ㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍ✚᜝ߒ㧘߆ߟ੹ᓟߩવᾲቇߩㅴዷߦ⾗ߔࠆౝኈߣߔࠆ
ߎߣ߇ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕⴕ੐ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ⋧ᔕߒ޿߽ߩߣ⠨߃߹ߒߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘․೎ߥᬺ❣ࠍ㊀ߨࠄࠇߚవ↢ᣇߢ߽㧘㐳ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆౝኈࠍࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ
ߊ߹ߣ߼ࠆߎߣߪ߆ߥࠅᄢ߈ߥ⽶ᜂߢ޽ࠅ㧘⻠Ꮷࠍ߅ᒁ߈ฃߌ޿ߚߛߌࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ᔃ㈩ߢߒߚ㧚ᐘ޿వ↢ᣇߩߏෘᗧߦࠃࠅน⢻ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ቇળ 50 ๟ᐕࠍ⸥ᔨߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ㧘࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩⷙᮨߣߒߡ 100 ฬ⒟ᐲࠍ⸳ቯߒ߹ߒߚ㧚ߣߪ޿߃㧘ߎࠇߛߌߩ⽕⪇⻠Ꮷ㒯ࠍᠩߔࠆ․೎ߥ⸥ᔨ⻠Ṷࠍ↪ᗧߒ㧘⻠Ṷળ႐߽චಽߥ૛⵨߇޽ࠆߎߣ߆
ࠄ㧘㐿௅஥ߣߒߡߪߘࠇࠄߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿ᄙߊߩෳട
⠪ᢙࠍᦼᓙߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㧘⻠Ṷળ
ߦߪ 2 ୚ߦㄭ޿ 189 ฬ㧘ᙣⷫળߦ߽ 142 ฬߩෳടࠍ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ᧄ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߪߎߩࠃ߁ߦᄙ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ਥ௅ ᣣᧄવᾲቇળ౒௅ ᣣᧄવᾲቇળ㑐᧲ᡰㇱ㧘ᮮᵿᏒ⚻ᷣዪࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
9 ᦬ 30 ᣣ ⻠Ṷળ㧔ᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚㧕
10:15~10:30
㐿ળ㧦ታⴕᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳 ᄢਭ଻ ⧷ᢅ᜿ᜦ㧦╙ 50 ᦼળ㐳═ᧁ િ⧷
10:30~12:00 ᴣ㛛࡮ಝ❗વᾲ⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ

- 16 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔ᐣม ᱜᒄ㧔᧲੩ᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧘␹ᄹᎹᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕ᧄ↰ ඳม㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕㐷಴ ᡽ೣ㧔૒⾐ᄢ㧕㢬↰ 㓉ᴦ㧔਻Ꮏᄢ㧕’㊁ ବ㇢㧔੩ㇺᄢ㧕⧎᧛ సᖗ㧔᧲Ꮏᄢ㧕㜞᧻ ᵗ 㧔਻Ꮊᄢ㧕⊕ᮯ ੌ 㧔᧲੩ᄢ㧕⍹Ⴆ ൎ 㧔ንጊ⋵┙ᄢ㧕㜞↰ ଻ਯ㧔਻Ꮊᄢ㧕

12:00~12:45 ߰ߊ኿વᾲ⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ⿧ᓟ ੫ਃ㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕ભᙑ
14:00~15:30 ᒝ೙࡮⥄ὼኻᵹવᾲ⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ
㐳㊁ 㕏ዏ㧔ฬฎደᎿᬺᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕የᷝ ⚔ਯ㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕㧔ቝ㜞⟵㇢㧕

15:45~16:30 ࡃࠗࠝવᾲ⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ⼱ਅ ৻ᄦ㧔ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇᢎ᝼㧕㧚ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ࡮ෳട⊓㍳
੹࿁㧘WEB ߦࠃࠆ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ࡜ࠗࡉ㈩ାࠍⴕ޿
߹ߒߚ㧚㈩ାߪ USTREAM ߦࠃࠅⴕ޿㧘ታⴕᆔຬળߣߒߡࠕࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻ࠍขᓧߒ߹ߒߚ㧚ળ႐ߢߩࠗ
ࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻߳ߩធ⛯ߪታⴕᆔຬળߢḰ஻ߒߚWi-Fi ߦࠃࠅⴕ޿߹ߒߚ㧚ⷞ⡬ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߩߏᔟ⻌ߩ߽ߣ㧘ቇળℂ੐ળߦߡᐢߊ౏
㐿ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇ㊎߇᳿ቯߐࠇ㧘ࡄࠬࡢ࡯࠼ߥߤߦࠃ
ࠆⷞ⡬೙㒢ߪ⸳ߌߕߦ㈩ାࠍⴕ޿߹ߒߚ㧚࿑ 1 ߇ታ㓙ߦ㈩ାߐࠇߚ↹㕙ߢߔ㧚Ᏹᤨ㧘20 ੱ⒟ᐲߩᣇߦ
ⷞ⡬ߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠃࠅ㜞⸃௝ᐲߢߩ㈩ା
ߦߟ޿ߡߏⷐᦸࠍ޿ߚߛߊߥߤ㧘ዋߥ߆ࠄߧ෻㗀ࠍ޿ߚߛ߈㧘੹ᓟ㧘ቇળߩࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖࠍᐢߊ
౏㐿ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩ೑ὐߣ⺖㗴߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚౮⌀߅ࠃ߮ࡆ࠺ࠝߦࠃࠆ᠟ᓇߣ⸥㍳ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ⴕ޿߹ߒߚ㧚ᤤ㘩೨ߦߪෳട
⠪ߦࠃࠆ⸥ᔨ᠟ᓇ߽ⴕ޿߹ߒߚ㧔࿑ 2㧕㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⸥㍳㧘ߣߊߦ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߩ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦࠃࠆߏ
⻠Ṷߥߤߪ㧘ᄢᄌ㧘⾆㊀ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘੹ᓟ㧘ࠕ࡯ࠞࠗࡉൻߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ߽㧘ᬌ⸛ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿߈߹ߔ㧚

16:30~17:15 વᾲᯏེ 50 ᐕߩㅴዷਛጊ ᕡ㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕
17:15~17:30

㐽ળ
ભᙑ࡮⒖േ

18:30~20:30
20:30~
10 ᦬ 1 ᣣᙣⷫળ㧔ࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿ㧕વᾲᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળ㧔ࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿ㧕
7:00~

ᦺ㘩
ታᣉ⚵❱

ડ↹
㧔ഃ┙  ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺታⴕᆔຬળᡰㇱዊᆔຬળ㧕ዊỈ ቞㧔㑐⷏ᄢ㧕࿧ጊ㊀⋥㧔᧲ർᄢ㧕㧔ഃ┙  ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺታⴕᆔຬળ㧕ቝ㜞⟵㇢㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕㧔ഃ┙  ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ታⴕᆔຬળ㧕ᄢਭ଻⧷ᢅ㧔₹Ꮉᄢ㧕ታⴕᆔຬળᄢਭ଻ ⧷ᢅ㧔₹Ꮉᄢ㧕 ᆔຬ㐳⨹ᧁ ᜏੱ㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕  ᐙ੐㈬੗ ๋ᷡ㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕  ᐙ੐ᵻጟ 㦖ᓼ㧔㕍ቇᄢ㧕  ᆔຬቝ㜞 ⟵㇢㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕ᆔຬዊỈ ቞ 㧔㑐⷏ᄢ㧕ᆔຬኹጟ ༑๺㧔㊄ᴛᄢ㧘రਛᄩᄢ㧕ᆔຬᵤፉ ዁ม㧔᧲Ꮏᄢ㧕  ᆔຬ࿧ጊ ㊀⋥㧔᧲ർᄢ㧕ᆔຬ᫪  ᣽ม㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕  ᆔຬᔀᐩ⸛⺰ㅴⴕᜂᒰศ↰ ⧷↢㧔੩ㇺᄢ㧕ቬ௝ ㋕㓶㧔↥✚⎇㧕

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 1 WEB ߦࠃࠆ࡜ࠗࡉ㈩ା↹㕙

- 17 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔

࿑ 2 ⸥ᔨ᠟ᓇߩ᭽ሶ

ߤᄢᄌᵴべࠍߒߡߊࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ᓐࠄߩදജߦኻߒ
ߡ߽ߎߩ႐ߢ߅␞ࠍ޿ࠊߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߣᕁ޿
߹ߔ㧚੹࿁ߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߪ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌᐢ޿਎ઍߩᣇ
ߦ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߩ߅⹤ࠍ⡞޿ߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߚ޿ߣ޿
߁ᕁ޿߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߩߚ߼ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߣߒߡ㧘᥉Ბߎ߁޿ߞߚ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦ⿷ࠍㆇ߱ᯏળߩዋߥ޿
ቇ↢ߩ⊝ߐࠎߦ߽ෳടࠍ๭߮߆ߌ㧘ዋߒߢ߽ෳട
ߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆࠃ߁ෳട⾌ࠍ৻⥸ࠃࠅ߽቟ߊ⸳ቯߒ
߹ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘৻⥸߆ࠄ߽ᄙߊߩᣇߦෳടߒߡ޿
ߚߛߊߚ߼㧘⻠Ṷળߩߺߩෳട⾌ߪήᢱߣߒ߹ߒ
ߚ㧚ߘߩᚑᨐ߽޽ࠅ㧘⻠Ṷળߦߪᐢ޿਎ઍߦࠊߚ
ߞߡߚߊߐࠎߩᣇߦߏෳട޿ߚߛߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹
ߒߚ㧚ታⴕᆔຬ৻หᄢᄌሜߒߊᗵߓߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ㧚࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᒰᣣߪ㧘⻠Ṷળ߆ࠄᙣⷫળ㧘ᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળ߹ߢ㧘ᷙ㔀߿ᷙੂ߽ߥߊࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇
ߢ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ෳട⠪ߩ⊝᭽ߦߪ㧘ᧄ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦᅢ
ᗧ⊛ߦߏදജߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚߎߣ㧘߹ߚ㧘ෳട⊓㍳ߩ㓙ߦߪ㧘߅ᔔߒ޿ਛ੐೨ߩ⊓㍳ߣෳട⾌ߩ߅ᝄㄟߦߏදജߊߛߐ޿߹ߒߚߎߣߦ㧘ᡷ߼ߡ߅␞
ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍㆇ༡ߔࠆ
ߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߩቇ↢ߐࠎߚߜ߇㧘೨ᣣ߆ࠄḰ஻ߒ㧘ᒰᣣߪᣧᦺ߆ࠄฃઃ㧘ࠢࡠ࡯ࠢ㧘᩺ౝߥ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 3 ฃઃߩ᭽ሶ㧔ᵤፉ዁ม㧘ᵻጟ㦖ᓼ㧕㧚⻠Ṷ⾗ᢱ
 50 ๟ᐕߩㅴዷࠍ߅⹤ߒ޿ߚߛߊੑᐲߣή޿⾆㊀ߥߏ⻠Ṷߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅߒߞ߆ࠅߒߚ⾗ᢱࠍ↪ᗧߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ㧘ᒰᣣߩ⾗ᢱߦߪᛮ☴- 18 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔タߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ઁߩ⻠Ṷߦ㑐ߒߡ߽㧘㗅ᰴ‫ޟ‬વᾲ‫ޠ‬ߦឝタߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚㧔ᄢਭ଻⧷ᢅ㧕ߢߪߥߊ⻠Ṷ⾗ᢱߦḰߕࠆ߽ߩࠍශ೚࡮⵾ᧄߒ㧘㈩Ꮣߐߖߡ޿ߚߛߊߎߣߣߒ߹ߒߚ㧚߅ᔔߒ޿ߥ
߆㧘⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦߪේⓂࠍᣧ߼ߦㅍઃ޿ߚߛ޿
ߚߚ߼㧘ᒰᣣߦߔߴߡߩ⻠Ṷߩ⾗ᢱࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ᡷ߼߹ߒߡ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚 ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦ↪ᗧߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚේⓂߩౝኈߪ⚛᥍ࠄߒߊ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩᰴߩ 50 ᐕ߽ෳട⠪ߩ⊝᭽ߩ߅ᚻరߦ⟎޿ߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆߛߌߩଔ୯ߩ޽ࠆ
߽ߩߦߥߞߚ߆ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ㧚㧔⨹ᧁᜏੱ㧕

ᙣⷫળ
ᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚ߢߩഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ
࠮ࡒ࠽࡯⻠Ṷળߩ⚳ੌᓟ㧘႐ᚲࠍࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿ
ߦ⒖ߒ㧘ᙣⷫળ߇ⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ታⴕᆔຬળᄢਭ଻ᆔຬ㐳ߩมળㅴⴕߢ㧘ᒰೋߩ੍ቯㅢࠅ 18:30 ߦᆎ߹ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ㧘ታⴕᆔຬળࠍઍ⴫ߒߡડ↹ࠍᜂᒰߒߚቝ㜞ᆔຬߥࠄ߮
ߦ═ᧁળ㐳߆ࠄߏ᜿ᜦࠍ޿ߚߛ߈㧘⛯޿ߡ࠮ࡒ࠽
࡯ታⴕᆔຬળߩ⧯ᚻࡔࡦࡃ࡯ࠍ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈
߹ߒߚ㧚⚫੺ᓟ㧘⧯ᚻࡔࡦࡃ࡯߇มળࠍᒁ߈⛮߉㧘ਛጊᕡ᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ߦੇ᧰ߩ㖸㗡ࠍߏ⊒ჿ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ㧘⚂ 50 ಽ㑆ߩᙣ⺣ߣળ㘩ߦ⒖ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ฦᡰㇱ߆ࠄߏឭଏ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ౮⌀ࠍࡈࠜ࠻ࠕ࡞ࡃࡓߣ
ߒߡࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡦߦᐕઍ㗅ߦᤋߒ㧘࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ታⴕᆔ
ຬળߩቝ㜞వ↢㧘ዊỈవ↢㧘࿧ጊవ↢ࠃࠅ㧘౮⌀ਛߩవ↢ᣇߩ⚫੺߿᠟ᓇߩ㓙ߩࠛࡇ࠰࡯࠼ߥߤࠍ
߅⹤޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚⾆㊀ߥ౮⌀ࠍߏឭଏ޿ߚߛ
޿ߚᣇ‫ߦޘ‬㧘ෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠜ࠻ࠕ࡞
ࡃࡓߩ⚫੺⚳ੌᓟ㧘࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߏ⻠Ṷ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ
వ↢ᣇࠍઍ⴫ߒߡᧄ↰వ↢߆ࠄࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫࠍ޿ߚ
ߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘⨹ᧁరવᾲቇળળ㐳߆ࠄ߽ࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫࠍ޿ߚߛ߈㧘ᦨᓟߦ㧘ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ࡮ൎ↰వ↢ߦࠃࠆഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨᑼౖߩߏ᩺ౝߣዊ
Ỉవ↢ߩࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫߩᓟ㧘߶߷੍ቯㅢࠅߩ 20:30
ߦ㐽ળት⸒ߦࠃߞߡᙣⷫળࠍ⚳߃߹ߒߚ㧚ᙣⷫળෳട⠪ߪ 142 ฬߣ㧘⻠Ṷળߦᒁ߈⛯߈ᄙߊߩᣇߦߏෳട޿ߚߛ߈㧘⋓ળߢ޽ߞߚߣᗵߓߡ
߅ࠅ߹ߔ㧚ࡈ࡝࡯࠼࡝ࡦࠢߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߒߚߩ
ߢ㧘㘶ߺ‛ߪචಽߏឭଏߢ߈ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁ
޿߹ߔ߇㧘ᢱℂߪᒰೋ੍ᗐߩ㊂ߢߪ⧯ᐓ⿷ࠅߕ㧘ੇ߈‛ࠍㅊടߔࠆߎߣߢኻᔕߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹
ߒߚ㧚㧔㈬੗๋ᷡ㧕

⻠Ṷળ
⸥ᔨ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩᄢ߈ߥᩇߢ޽ࠆ⻠Ṷળߪ㧘ᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚ߩ⻠ၴߢⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ㧔࿑ 4㧕㧚═ᧁિ⧷ળ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦߩᓟ㧘7 ฬߩ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇ߆ࠄ㧘‫⋧ޟ‬ᄌൻવᾲ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ߊ߰ޟ‬኿વᾲ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ኻᵹવᾲ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ࡃޟ‬ࠗࠝવᾲ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᯏེવᾲ‫ߩޠ‬ฦಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆඨ਎♿
ߦࠊߚࠆㅴዷࠍ߅⹤ߒ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚࿑ 4 ⻠Ṷળߩ᭽ሶඨ਎♿ߩㅴዷࠍߘࠇߙࠇߩಾࠅญߢ㧘୘ᕈ⼾߆ߦ⹤ࠍߐࠇߚ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߩ⹤ߦᒁ߈ㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿
ߊਛߢ㧘వੱߚߜߩᱷߐࠇߚ⿷〔ߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ⋡⊛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ 50ᐕߩᚑᨐࠍᎼࠆߎߣ߇ᨐߚߖߚߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧚⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦߪ㧘੹࿁ߩ⻠Ṷߩߚ߼ߦᄙߊߩᤨ
㑆ࠍഀ޿ߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚߎߣߦᡷ߼ߡ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚⻠Ṷߩౝኈߪ㧔ో࿖߆ࠄෳടߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ
ᣇ‫߇ޘ‬ᜬߜᏫߞߚ㧕ౠሶߦ߹ߣ߼߹ߒߚ߇㧘‫ޟ‬વᾲ‫ޠ‬10 ᦬ภ㧔Vol.50,No.213㧕ߦߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ಝ❗વᾲߩ
50 ᐕ‫⥄ޟߣޠ‬ὼኻᵹવᾲ⎇ⓥ 50 ᐕߩ࿁㘈‫߇ޠ‬ឝ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬ᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળ ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ߽ߩ߆ࠄ᭽‫⎬ࠍࡑ࡯࠹ߥޘ‬エขࠅᷙߗߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆ㧘ߎߩવᾲቇળߩ⦟߈વ⛔ࠍߗ߭ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢ߽⛯ߌߚߊ㧘ᙣⷫળߩᓟߦ⥄↱ߥ⼏⺰߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળࠍડ↹ߒ߹ߒߚ- 19 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ႎ๔
ㄫ߃ࠆ㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠅ㧘⧯ᚻ߿ቇ↢߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⊒⸒ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ශ⽎ߦᱷࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚 ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦߪᤤ㑆ߩ⻠Ṷߣᙣⷫળߩᓟߣ޿
߁ߎߣ߽޽ࠅ㧘ߏ⽶ᜂߪᄢ߈߆ߞߚ߆ߣሽߓ߹ߔ
߇㧘⊝᭽ߦᄛㆃߊ߹ߢߏෳട޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚޽ࠅ߇ߣ߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⸛⺰ળో૕ߦ᳇ࠍ㈩ߞߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧘ㅴⴕᜂᒰߩవ↢ᣇߦ߽ᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚
㧔⨹ᧁᜏੱ㧕

㧔⴫㧝㧕㧚ᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળߪ⻠Ṷળ⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߦ‫ޟ‬ኻᵹ‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛࡮ಝ❗‫ޠ‬㧘‫ߊ߰ޟ‬኿‫ޠ‬㧘‫ޠࠝࠗࡃޟ‬㧘‫ޟ‬વᾲᯏེ‫ ߩޠ‬5 ቶߦಽ߆ࠇߡ޿ߚߛ߈㧘߹ߚ㧘⻠Ꮷߩవ↢߆ࠄ⧯ᚻ߹ߢࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߥኻ⹤߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁㧘ฦㇱደ 2 ฬߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߦ⷗⼂ߩᷓ޿వ↢ߦ‫ޟ‬ㅴⴕᜂᒰ‫߅ࠍޠ‬㗿޿ߒ߹ߒߚ㧚 ᒰᣣߪ޿ߕࠇߩㇱደ߽߶߷ḩቶߢ޽ࠅ㧘࠼࡝ࡦࠢ㘃߇⿷ࠅߕㅜਛߢᄢ㊂ߦㅊട⾼౉ߔࠆߥߤ⋓ࠅ਄߇ߞߚ᭽ሶߢߒߚ㧚ో૕ߣߒߡ㧘⼏⺰ࠍ᷷߆ߊ⴫ 1 ᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᔀᐩ⸛⺰㧔ળ႐㧦ࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿ㧕ታᣉᜂᒰ㧔ᢘ⒓⇛㧕ಽ㊁߅ࠃ߮⻠Ꮷ
ㇱ ደ
ㅴⴕᜂᒰ
੐ോㅴⴕ
ᒝ೙ኻᵹ㨯⥄ὼኻᵹ
412㧔๺ቶ㧕ศ↰⧷↢㧔੩ㇺᄢ㧕ኹጟ༑๺㧔㊄ᴛᄢ㧕㐳㊁㕏ዏ㧔ฬᎿᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕ቬ௝㋕㓶㧔↥✚⎇㧕የᷝ⚔ਯ㧔਻Ꮊᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕ᴣ㛛㨯ಝ❗
413㧔๺ቶ㧕㐷಴᡽ೣ㧔૒⾐ᄢ㧕᫪ ᣽ม㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕ᐣมᱜᒄ㧔᧲੩ᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧘㢬↰㓉ᴦ㧔਻Ꮏᄢ㧕␹ᄹᎹᄢᢎ᝼㧕ᧄ↰ඳม㧔਻Ꮊᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕߰ߊ኿
401㧔DX-Twin㧕 ’㊁ବ㇢㧔੩ㇺᄢ㧕㈬੗๋ᷡ㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕⿧ᓟ੫ਃ㧔᧲Ꮏᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕⧎᧛సᖗ㧔᧲Ꮏᄢ㧕ࡃࠗࠝ
501㧔DX-Twin㧕 㜞᧻ ᵗ㧔਻Ꮊᄢ㧕ᵻጟ㦖ᓼ㧔㕍ቇᄢ㧕⼱ਅ৻ᄦ㧔ᘮᙥᄢᢎ᝼㧕⊕ᮯ ੌ㧔᧲੩ᄢ㧕વᾲᯏེ
601㧔DX-Twin㧕 ⍹Ⴆ ൎ㧔ንጊ⋵┙ᄢ㧕 ᵤፉ዁ม㧔᧲Ꮏᄢ㧕ਛጊ ᕡ㧔᧲Ꮏᄢฬ⹷ᢎ᝼㧕㜞↰଻ਯ㧔਻Ꮊᄢ㧕ో૕ㅴⴕ㧦ቝ㜞⟵㇢㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕㧘ᄢਭ଻⧷ᢅ㧔₹Ꮉᄢ㧕㧘⨹ᧁᜏੱ㧔ᮮ࿖ᄢ㧕ળ႐ߣߥߞߚᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚ߪᄢᱜᦼߩઍ
⴫⊛ߥᑪ▽‛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅ㧘࿖ߩ㊀ⷐᢥൻ⽷ߦ߽ᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚⻠Ṷળߩળ႐ߣߥߞߚ⻠ၴߪߎߩળ㙚ߩࡔࠗࡦࡎ࡯࡞ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᱧผ⊛ଔ୯ߩ޽ࠆળ႐ߢ̌વᾲ⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕ̍ࠍ⹤ߒߡ޿ߚߛߌߚ
ߎߣࠍሜߒߊᕁߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ㧚⻠Ꮷߩవ↢ᣇߩᾲ޿ᕁ޿ߪෳട⠪ߦવࠊࠅ㧘ᔀᐩ⸛⺰ળߢߪ㧘ᷓᄛ߹ߢᾲ޿⼏⺰߇੤ࠊߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚
㘶ࠎߢ㧘
㘩ߴߡ㧘
ᾲߊ⺆ࠆવ⛔㧔㧫㧕ߪஜ࿷ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㘩ߴ‛߽㘶ߺ‛߽ታⴕᆔຬળߩ⧯ᚻࡔࡦࡃ࡯߇⵬లߦ⿛ࠆߎߣ
ߦߥࠅ㧘ሜߒ޿ᖤ㡆ࠍ޽ߍࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ᦨᓟߦ㧘੹࿁ߩ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ
޿ߚߛ޿ߚߔߴߡߩ⊝᭽ߦ㧘ᡷ߼ߡ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ㧚㧔ᄢਭ଻⧷ᢅ㧕⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡ
ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ㆊ෰߆ࠄᧂ᧪ࠍ⸰ߨ
ࠆ‫ޠ‬ᣏߢ߽޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ㧚ᮮᵿߩ㧝ᴱ㧞ᣣߩᣏߪḩ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚߛߌߚߢߒࠂ߁߆㧚ᤓᐕᐲ㧘50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺߩ৻ߟߣߒߡో࿖ ߩવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇᳿߹ࠅ㧘ᐞᐲߣߥߊᮮᵿߢᆔຬળࠍ㐿߈㧘ᆔຬળߩᓟߪਛ⪇ⴝߢ⹤ߒว޿߹ߒߚ㧚ᔃ㈩ߩ⒳ߪዧ߈ߥ޿߽ߩߢ㧘9 ᦬
21 ᣣߦ㧔᧲ᣣᧄߦ਄㒽ߒߚบ㘑ߢߪᚢᓟᦨᄢ⚖ߩ㧕บ㘑 15 ภ߇㑐᧲ࠍㅢㆊߒ㧘ઁቇળߩ⻠Ṷળ߇ਛᱛߦߥߞߚ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬࠍ⡞޿ߚᤨߦߪ㧘ᒰᣣߩᄤ᳇߇ਇ቟ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ᐘ޿㧘ᄤ୥ߦ߽ᕺ߹ࠇ㧘ᮮᵿᏒ㐿᷼⸥ᔨળ㙚߆ࠄࡔ࡞ࡄ࡞ࠢᮮᵿ߳ߩ⒖േ߽㧘⻠Ṷળߩ૛㖿ࠍᭉߒߺߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᮮᵿߩⴝࠍᱠ
޿ߡ޿ߚߛߌߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧚વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 20 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩ㧡㧜ᐕA Review of Boiling Research in the Past Fifty Yearsᐣม ᱜᒄ㧔␹ᄹᎹᄢቇ㧕
Masahiro SHOJI (Kanagawa University)e-mail: shoji@kanagawa-u.ac.jpߪߓ߼ߦ
ᛮጊߩ⺰ᢥ[1]ࠍᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩྊ⍫ߣߺࠇ߫㧘ᱧผߪ߅ࠃߘ 75 ᐕߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩᦨೋߩ 20 ᢙᐕߪ㧘⺰ᢥߩ⊒⴫ߪᢔ⊒⊛ߢ㧘⸒ߞߡߺࠇ߫⎇ⓥߩഥ⿛඙㑆ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⺰ᢥ߇ᢙᄙߊ⃻ࠇᆎ߼ߚߩߪ 1960 ᐕߦ౉ߞߡ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߪ੹߆ࠄ⚂ 50 ᐕ೨ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩᗧ๧ߢᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߣᚒ߇વᾲቇળߩᱧผߪᤨᦼ
ࠍ౒᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᴣ㛛ߪᣣᏱ↢ᵴߢ㚔ᨴߺߩ⷗ᘠࠇߚ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘Ꮏቇ⊛ߦ⥝๧ᷓ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚᎿᬺ⊛ߦ߽㊀ⷐߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߒߡᓟߦ␜ߔࠃ߁
ߦ㧘੹ᣣ߹ߢߦᴣ㛛ࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߡ಴ߐࠇߚ
ቇⴚ⺰ᢥߩᢙߪ㧘20 ᢙਁ✬ߦ෸߱㧚Ꮏቇߦ㒢ቯߒ
ߡ߽ 2 ਁᢙජ✬㧘⺰ᢥ㗴ฬߦ‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛(boiling)‫ࠍޠ‬฽߻߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߒߡ߽㧘ߘߩᢙߪఝߦ 1 ਁ✬ࠍ⿧߃ࠆ㧚ᧄ⸥੐ߢ╩⠪ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚኋ㗴ߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄᴣ㛛ߩ⎇ⓥࠍ᭎ⷰߒ㧘ߘߩౝኈߩ᭎ⷐࠍ⸥ߔߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ㧚㔍໧ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒᐘ޿ߦ߽୘ੱ⊛ߦߪ㧘
1960 ᐕઍࠍᄢቇ↢㧘ᄢቇ㒮↢ߣߒߡㆊߏߒ㧘ߘߩ㗃߆ࠄᕲᏧ㧔↲⮮ᅢ㇢ᢎ᝼㧕ߩᴣ㛛⎇ⓥࠍりㄭߦ⌑߼㧘એ᧪㧘ᓸജߥ߇ࠄ߽ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩ৻┵ࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿖ౝᄖߩቇળߢ㧘ᐞੱ߽ߩฬ┙ߚࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦធߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⑳⊛ߥ⎇ⓥᦼ㑆߇ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩᱧผᦼ㑆ߣ߶߷ว⥌ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄⓂߪ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥੱ㑆ߩᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ୘ੱ⊛ߥ⸥ᙘߣශ⽎ࠍၮߦ⸥ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎ
ߣࠍ㧘వߕᦨೋߦ߅ᢿࠅߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿㧚ߘߒߡౝኈߪ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩၮ␆ࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ⹤㗴ߪࡊ࡯࡞ᴣ㛛ߦ㒢ࠅ㧘ߘࠇ߽㘻๺ᴣ㛛ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎޿ߡࠨࡉࠢ࡯࡞ᴣ㛛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⸅ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚✬ୃ⠪߆ࠄߪ㧘㗁ᢙߪ໧ࠊߥ޿ߣߩᗧะࠍુߞ
ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘೨⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ⤘ᄢߥᢙߩ⎇ⓥࠍ㧘ߘߩ৻ㇱࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆߣߒߡ߽߆ߥࠅߩ⚕ᢙ߇ᔅⷐߢ
޽ࠆ㧚ᐘ޿ߦ߽ቇળ 30 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨߩ㓙߽㧘੹࿁ߣห
᭽ߩ․㓸⸥੐ၫ╩ߩଐ㗬߇޽ࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩㆊ෰㧘⃻࿷㧘ᧂ᧪‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߒߚ᜕ᢥ⸥੐ࠍᱷߒߚ㧚ߘ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 21 -

ߎߢ㧘㊀ⶄࠍㆱߌ㧘㗁ᢙߩૐᷫࠍ⋡⊛ߦ㧘ᧄⓂߪ㧘ਥߣߒߡߘߩᓟߩ 20 ᐕߦᵈ⋡ߒߚౝኈߩ⸥੐ߣ
ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧚ෳ⠨ߦߒߚ⺰ᢥ߽ᄙᢙߦ਄ࠆߚ
߼㧘⚕ᢙߩ▵⚂߆ࠄ㧘ᢥ₂㨇2㨉ߢ⸥タߒߚ߽ߩߪ
ߘߩෳᾖᢥ₂⇟ภߩߺࠍ⸥ߔߎߣߣߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ౝኈߦ㑐ߒߡߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᢥ₂㨇2㨉એ㒠߽ 1996 ᐕߦ‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛વᾲ⎇ⓥߩ዁᧪⺖㗴‫ߣޠ‬⒓ߔࠆ᜕ᢥ㨇3㨉ࠍタߖߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩਛߢ߽ᒰᤨߩᴣ㛛⎇ⓥࠍ᭎ⷰߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄⓂߢߪౝኈߩ㕙ߢ߽ᣢႎߣߩ㊀ⶄࠍㆱߌࠆࠃ߁ദ߼ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿑⴫ߪᭂജ↪޿ߥ޿ߎߣߣߒߚ㧚࿑⴫ߦߟ޿ߡߪ೨Ⓜ޽ࠆ޿ߪ੹࿁ߩቇ
ળഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯㨇4㨉ߩ⾗ᢱࠍෳᾖ㗿޿ߚ޿㧚ⷐߔࠆߦᧄⓂߪ㧘ߘࠇ⥄૕ߢߪቢ⚿㧘✄ߓߚᒻߣߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ⸥タᣇᴺࠍណߞ
ߚߎߣߦ੍߼ੌ⸃ࠍᓧߡ߅߈ߚ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘ᴣ㛛ߪ⋧ᄌൻ⃻⽎ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐‫ߪޠ‬ᴣ㛛⃻⽎ߩ․ᕈߩ৻ߟ㧘৻஥㕙ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿㧚ᴣ㛛ߦߪ᳇ᵃജቇߥߤઁߩᄙߊߩ஥㕙߇޽ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘✬㓸⠪߆ࠄਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ⺖㗴ฬߪ‫ޟ‬ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐⎇ⓥߩ 50
ᐕ‫߇ߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬㧘ߘࠇࠍᧄⓂ⸥タߩ㗴ฬߦᄌ߃ߐ
ߖߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧚ߎࠇߦ㑐ߒߡ߽߅ᢿࠅߒߡ߅
߈ߚ޿㧚㧞㧚ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩᱧผ⊛ផ⒖
⎇ⓥౝኈࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ೨ߦ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⺰ᢥᢙ߿⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߘߩઁ㑐ㅪ੐㗄ߩᐕઍ೎ផ⒖ࠍ⷗ߡ߅߈
ߚ޿㧚ᰴ㗁ߩ࿑ 1 ߦߘߩផ⒖ࠍ␜ߔ㧚╩⠪ߪߎࠇ߹ߢṼὼߣ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩ⎇ⓥߪ 1970 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1980 ᐕ߇ࡇ࡯ࠢߢ޽ߞߡ㧘⎇ⓥᵴേߪߘߩᓟ஗ṛ᳇๧ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⺰ᢥᢙߪᷫዋߩ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߣᕁߞߡ޿ߚ㧚ߒ
߆ߒ࿑ 1 ࠍ⷗ࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘ታ㓙ߪߘ߁ߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ߇
ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᴣ㛛ߩ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߪᄙߊ
ߩ႐ว㧘వߕવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢ⻠Ṷ⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩ⊒⴫⺰ᢥߩᢙߪ⏕߆ߦㄭᐕᷫ
ዋ௑ะߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩὐߢߪ╩⠪ߩฃߌࠆශ⽎ߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ࿖㓙⊛ߦ⷗ࠆߣ㧘੐ᖱߪోߊ⇣J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

68

JournalsInt. J. Heat Mass Transfer
J. Heat Transfer
Nuc. Eng. Design
Exp. Thermal Fluid Science
Int. J. Multiphase Flow
Cryogenics
Int. J. Refrigeration
Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer
Int. J. Thermal Science
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
Others

39.2%
16.5
9.1
6.7
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.4
3.1
2.6
3.2

Journal(68)ಽሶേജቇMEMSᛛⴚ
Ist ICNMMC㜞ല₸಄ළᛛⴚ
䇭㔚ሶᯏེ಄ළ
䇭శቇᯏེ䇭䊙䉟䉪䊨ൻ

196

INSPEC(8881)Ist Boiling Conf.
╙䋱ᰴ(1973)
䉥䉟䊦䉲䊢䉾䉪䋺⋭䉣䊈╙䋲ᰴ(1978)Sci.Direct
Boiling 240000
ᯏ᪾ቇળᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐䈫಄ළ
Boiling in Engineering 24300
PWR(1957)
Boiling in Title 2085
ේሶജ⊒㔚
INSPEC(1970-2004)
BWR(1959)
⑔ፉේ⊒Boiling in Title 8881

Jakob(ᩭᴣ㛛䋩

INT. J. Heat
Mass Transfer(943)╙䋱࿁વᾲ䉲䊮䊘

䊗䉟䊤䊷
Sulzer(1931)

135

Science Direct(2080)

37

Ist IHTC
Int.J.Heat Mass
Transfer䇭ഃೀ
Zuber(CHF䊝䊂䊦䋩

ᯏ᪾ቇળ
ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐

29

ᛮጊ(ᴣ㛛ᦛ✢䋩
Rohsenow(ᩭᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐䋩ᣣᧄવᾲ䉲䊮䊘
(1243)

2010

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

1950

1940

1930

Fritz(᳇ᵃ㔌⣕ᓘ䋩࿑ 1 ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥ㧔⺰ᢥᢙ෸߮㑐ㅪ੐㗄㧕ߩᐕઍផ⒖ߩ 2 ⹹ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ߅ߌ߫㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩㅴዷ⁁ᴫߪᄢᣇ⺒ߺขࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߣ߽޽ࠇ㧘࿑ 1 ߆ࠄ㧘ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩㅴዷ㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ⋓⴮㧕ߦ㑐ߒ㧘޿ࠈ޿ࠈߩߎߣ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ㧚ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ቇⴚ⹹ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆᴣ㛛㑐ଥ⺰ᢥߩᢙߪ㧘ㄭᐕ㗼⪺ߦჇടߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑ 1ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ Web ᬌ⚝ߢᓧߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᢙߪ૶↪ߒߚᬌ⚝ࠨࠗ࠻ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆߣᕁ߁߇㧘ቇⴚ⹹㧘ᬌ⚝ࠨࠗ࠻ߦࠃࠄߕ㧘⺰ᢥᢙߪᐕઍߣ౒ߦ㧘᣿ࠄ߆ߦჇട௑ะߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩℂ↱ߪ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩᔕ↪߇㜞ല₸಄ළ߿ࡑࠗࠢࡠᾲ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ㧘࠽ࡁ࡮ࡑࠗࠢࡠ⃻⽎⸃ᨆߣ⸒ߞߚᓥ᧪ߦή޿ᄙ⒳㧘ᄙᣇ㕙ߦ෸ࠎߢ޿ࠆߚ߼ߣᕁ߁߇㧘ߒ߆ߒ৻ᣇ㧘᳇߇߆ࠅߥ㑐ㅪ߽ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜㄭᐕ㧘࿖㓙ቇⴚ⹹ߩᢙ߽ᕆỗߦჇ߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎࠇߦㅪേߒߡ⺰ᢥᢙ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧘ߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߇⺰ᢥᢙჇടߩਥߚࠆේ࿃ߣߔࠇ߫㧘⺰ᢥᢙߩჇട௑ะߪ⋥ߜߦ⎇ⓥߩ⊒ዷߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠆߎߣ
ߦ⇼໧߇↢߹ࠇࠆ㧚㔀⹹(Source)ߦ㑐ㅪߒ㧘⺰ᢥߩ⚂ඨᢙㄭߊ߇ 2ߟߩਥⷐቇⴚ⹹㧘ߔߥࠊߜ International Journal of
Heat and Mass Transfer, ߆ Journal of Heat Transferߦឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ㄭᐕ㧘ᖱႎ߇ㆊᄙߢ㧘ߘߩᛠីߦ࿎㔍ߐߩ޽ࠆ⁁ᴫਅߦ޽ߞߡ㧘ߎߩ੐ታߪ㧘޽ࠆᗧ๧᦭ࠅ㔍޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚਄⸥

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬㧟㧚ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥࠍ⍮ࠆᖱႎḮ⧯޿ቇ↢߿⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩቇ⠌ߦ㓙ߒ㧘㑐
ㅪᢥ₂߇޽߹ࠅߦ߽ᄙߊ㧘ߤࠇࠍീᒝߔࠇ߫⦟޿
߆ࠊ߆ࠄߥ޿㧘ߟ޿ߡߪᔅⷐᦨૐ㒢ߩᢥ₂ࠍ⚫੺ߒߡߊࠇߥ޿߆ߣ⋧⺣ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘
⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥߦߟ޿ߡ㧘10 ✬⒟ᐲߩ㊀ⷐߦߒߡઍ⴫⊛ߥ⺰ᢥࠍ␜ߒߡߊࠇߥ޿߆㧘ߣߩ⋧⺣߽ฃߌࠆ㧚㔍ߒ޿ଐ㗬ߢ޽ࠅ⋧⺣ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߛߌ㔍⸃ߢ⎇ⓥߩᄙ޿⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⇹ߦߒߡṳࠄߐߥ޿ᚑᦠߪ
ዋߥߊ㧘⍮⼂ࠍᢛℂߒߚ߽ߩ߫߆ࠅ㧘ߣߩᜰ៰ߪ
ࠃߊℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦߪᄙಽߦᴣ㛛⃻⽎ߩ․⇣ᕈ߇ේ࿃ߒߡ޿ࠃ߁㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩℂ⸃ߦߪవߕ╭┙ߡ㧔ࠬ࠻࡯࡝࡯㧕ߩℂ⸃߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘ⶄ㔀ߥ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆߛߌߦ㧘ℂ⸃ߩ઀ᣇ߽ੱߦࠃߞߡ
߹ߜ߹ߜߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ዊ⺑ࠍᦠߊߊࠄ޿
ߩᕁ޿ಾࠅ߇ή޿ߣ㧘ᐔᤃߢዏ਌ߟᛮߌߩߥ޿ᦠ

- 22 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ߔࠆ㧚‛ߥߤᦠߌࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿㧚ᴣ㛛ߪ㧘ߘ߁⸒ߞߡ
߽ㆊ⸒ߢߪߥ޿㘃ߩ⃻⽎ߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘࠇߢ߽ㆊ෰ߦߪ㧘ఝࠇߚ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯⺰ᢥ߿⸥੐㧘ᦠ☋ߪᢙᄙߊ಴ ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄⓂᧃየߦઃ㍳ߣߒߡ㧘╩⠪ߩ⍮ࠆ▸࿐ߢ㧘ߘࠇࠄᢥ₂ᖱႎࠍ߹ߣ
߼ߡ␜ߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚ീቇ߿ቇ⠌ߩ㓙ߩෳ⠨ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁㧚㧡㧚ᩭᴣ㛛㧦⎇ⓥߩㅴዷߣ೔㆐ὐ
ᩭᴣ㛛ߪૐ᷷ᐲᏅߢ㜞޿ᾲャㅍ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᔕ↪਄߽ߞߣ߽ᄙ↪ߐࠇࠆᴣ㛛ᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘3 ߟߩᒻᘒߩਛߢ߽ߞߣ߽ⶄ㔀㔍⸃ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼⺖㗴߽ዧ߈ߕ㧘⎇ⓥ߽ᄙ޿㧚ᩭᴣ㛛ߩ⚛ㆊ⒟ߪㄟߺ౉ߞߡ߅ࠅⶄ㔀ߢ㧘ᧂ⸃᳿ߩㇱಽ߽ᄙߊᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘એਅߩ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ౒ㅢ⹺⼂߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘⴫㕙☻ߐߣᩭ↢ᚑߦᔅⷐߥㆊᾲᐲߩ㑐ଥ㧘ቅ┙᳇ᵃߣว૕᳇ᵃߩሽ࿷㧘᳇ᵃߩᚑ㐳߿㔌⣕ߩ᧦ઙ㧘વᾲᯏ᭴ߣߒߡߩ᳇ᵃᠣੂᯏ᭴㧘᳇ᶧ੤឵ᯏ
᭴㧘⭯ᶧ⤑⫳⊒ᯏ᭴㧘ᶧࠨࡉࠢ࡯࡞߿ടᾲ㕙ߩ☻ߐ߿Ứࠇᕈ㧘ᆫ൓㧘ኸᴺߥߤߩ࿃ሶߩᓇ㗀㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡߩᵹ૕ജቇࡕ࠺࡞㧔Zuber ࡕ࠺࡞㧕ߣࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ᶖ⠻ࡕ࠺࡞㧔↲⮮࡮ᮮ⼱࡮ේ᧛ࡕ࠺࡞㧕╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡߩℂ⸃ߪᴣ㛛ߩೋᦼᲑ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡ᣿ࠄ߆
ߦߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ਇ᣿ߢᱷߐࠇ
ߚ⺖㗴ߪ⃻࿷ߢ߽ߥ߅ᧂ⸃᳿ߢᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇
ᄙ޿㧚ߚߣ߃߫㧘ടᾲ㕙ᕈ⁁ߩ⑼ቇ⊛ᛠី߿⴫⸥
ᴺ㧘਄⸥ฦ⒳વᾲᯏ᭴ߩ⋧ኻ⊛ነਈᐲ㧘᳇ᵃᩭߩ⋧੕ᐓᷤߣ⊒ᵃὐኒᐲߥߤߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽㧘਄⸥ߩઍ⴫⊛ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߦኻߔࠆ
ᒻߢᐞߟ߆ߩᣂߒ޿⠨߃߿ࡕ࠺࡞߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪᓟߦᡷ߼ߡขࠅ਄ߍ
ࠆߎߣߦߔࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᩭᴣ㛛ߩ⚛ㆊ⒟߿વᾲࡕ࠺࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆઍ⴫⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߣߒߡᰴߩ߽ߩ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ㧔એਅ㧘
⎇ⓥ⠪ߣౝኈࠍᐕઍ㗅ߦ೉⸥㧕
㧚Friz㧔㔌⣕᳇ᵃᓘ㧕
[6]㧘Rohsenow㧔ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧕[7]㧘Kutateladze
㧔CHF ታ㛎ᢛℂᑼ㧕[8]㧘Rohsenow-Griffith㧔᳇ᵃలḩ CHF ࡕ࠺࡞㧕[17]㧘Zuber㧔ᵹജ CHF ℂ⺰ࡕ࠺࡞㧕[11]㧘Nishikawa-Yamagata㧔ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧕[9]㧘Moore-Mesler㧔ࡒࠢࡠᶧ⤑ߩሽ࿷⊒⷗㧕[18]㧘
Berenson㧔ടᾲ㕙ᕈ⁁ߩᓇ㗀ታ㛎㧕[19]㧘Gaertner㧔᳇ᵃ᜼േߩⷰኤߣಽ㘃㧕[20]㧘Graham-Hendricks㧔વᾲᯏ᭴ߩነਈᐲ⺞ᩏ㧕[21]㧘Katto-Yokoya㧔ࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ߩሽ࿷ߣᶖ⠻㧕[12]㧘Nishikawa-Fujita㧔ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ㧕[22]㧘Bhat ࠄ(ࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ෘߐ᷹ቯ)[23][24][25]㧘Haramura-Katto㧔ࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ CHF
ࡕ࠺࡞㧕[13]㧘Nishikawa ࠄ㧔ടᾲ㕙ᆫ൓ߩᓇ㗀㧕[26]㧘Liaw-Dhir㧔CHF ࡙࠾ࡈࠔࠗࡕ࠺࡞㧕[27][28]㧘

㧠㧚ઍ⴫⊛ߥᴣ㛛ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣᢛℂᑼᴣ㛛ߪ㧘ᩭᴣ㛛㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ߩ 3 ߟߩࡕ࡯࠼㧔ᒻᘒ㧕ߦᄢ೎ߐࠇ㧘ߘߩࡕ࡯࠼ߩႺ⇇ߦ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ CHF㧔Critical Heat Flux㧕ߣᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤
MHF㧔Minimum Heat Flux㧕߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣߒߡ㧘⍮
⼂ߩᢛℂ߿ℂ⸃߇ߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߪ㧘ㆊߞߡߪ‫࠻࠙ࠕࡦ࡯ࡃޟ‬ᾲᵹ᧤‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇߡ޿ߚ
߇㧘㜞Ⲣὐ㊄ዻߩ႐วߥߤߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ߘߩὐߢ
὾߈ಾࠇ߇↢ߓߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⃻࿷ߢߪ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߣ๭߱ߩ߇Ᏹ↪ߣߥߞߚߎߣߪ๟⍮ߩߎߣߢ޽
ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߦኻᔕߒߡ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ࠍ‫ޟ‬ᭂᄢᾲᵹ᧤‫ߣޠ‬๭߱ߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁߇㧘޽߹ࠅ↪޿ߥ޿㧚ᔕ↪਄㧘ᯏེߩ⎕៊ߦ⚿߮ߟߊᾲᵹ᧤
ߣ޿߁․ᱶᕈߩߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᴣ㛛ߩฦࡕ࡯࠼ߩᾲવ㆐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢᄙߊߩࡕ࠺࡞߿ᢛℂᑼ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇㧘⃻࿷㧘ᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧘એਅߩࡕ࠺࡞߿
ᢛℂᑼߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᩭᴣ㛛ߢߪ㧘ᴣ㛛㐿ᆎߦ㑐ߔࠆ
Hsu-Graham [5]ߩ⠨߃ߣᑼ㧘᳇ᵃߩ㔌⣕ߦ㑐ߔࠆ
Friz [6] ߩ ᑼ 㧘 ᩭ ᴣ 㛛 ᾲ વ ㆐ ߩ ᢛ ℂ ᑼ ߢ ޽ ࠆ
Rohsenow [7], Kutateladze [8]㧘Nishikawa-Yamagata[9]㧘⷏Ꮉ-⮮↰ [10]ߩᑼ㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߦኻߔࠆ
Zubur ߩᵹജࡕ࠺࡞ߣℂ⺰ᑼ [11]㧘Kutateladze [8]ߩήᰴరᢛℂᑼ㧘↲⮮-ᮮ⼱-ේ᧛ߩࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞ߣឭ᩺ᑼ [12][13]㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ᾲᵹ᧤ߦኻߔࠆ
Kalinin ߩ⴫⃻ᑼ[14]㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߣ⤑ᴣ㛛ߦߟ޿ߡ ߩ Berenson ࡕ ࠺࡞[15] 㧘ടᾲ౞ ᩇߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ
Bromley ߩᑼ [16] ╬ߢ޽ࠆ㧚਄⸥ߩ޿ߕࠇ߽ࡊ࡯࡞㘻๺ᴣ㛛ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߽ߩߦ㒢ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᒝ೙ᵹേᴣ㛛㧔ᄖㇱᵹ㧘ౝㇱᵹ㧕ߪ㒰޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘਄⸥ߩᄙߊߩ߽ߩߪᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩೋᦼ޽ࠆ޿ߪਛᦼߦឭ᩺ߐࠇߚฎ޿߽ߩߢ޽
ࠆ߇㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ࠍ㒰߈㧘ߘߩᓟᣂⷙߥឭ᩺߿ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߥ߅㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߩᣂߚߥ⊒ዷߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᓟߦ┨ࠍ⸳ߌ⚫੺

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 23 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇℂߩ޽ࠆਥᒛߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽ᄙ⠪ᛯ৻ߢ޽ࠆᔅⷐߪή޿㧚ടᾲ㕙਄ߩ⃻⽎᜼േࠍᝒ߃ࠆߣߒߡ߽㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ߇㆑ߞߚ૏⟎߿㆑ߞߚࠬ
ࠤ࡯࡞ߢ⃻⽎ࠍ⌑߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ടᾲ㕙߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚ૏⟎ߢߩᵹ૕᜼േߦᵈ⋡ߒߚ߽ߩ㧘ടᾲ㕙਄ߩᶧᱷ㊂ࠍࡑࠢࡠߦᝒ߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩ㧘ࡒࠢࡠߦ⚦߆ߊᝒ߃ߚ߽ߩ㧘᭽‫ࠆ޽ߢޘ‬㧚߅੕޿ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߒߡ㧘⛔৻⊛ߦᱛ឴ߔࠆᔃ᭴߃߇ᔅⷐ߆߽
ߒࠇߥ޿㧚㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ⊒↢ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ઁߦ߽ᱷߐࠇߚ
⺖㗴߇޽ࠆ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ޿ߕࠇ߽㧘Ứࠇᕈߥߤߩടᾲ㕙ᕈ⁁ߩᓇ㗀ߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ታ㛎⊛ߦߪ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߪടᾲ㕙ߩỨࠇߩ⒟ᐲߦࠃ
ߞߡᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߔࠆ[37]㧚৻ᣇ㧘ࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒߃߫㧘ᶧ⤑ߩ᭴ᚑࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ⥄૕߇᣿⏕ߢߥߊ㧘
ේ᧛-↲⮮[13] ߪ᳇ᶧ⇇㕙ߩᵹ૕ജቇ
⊛ਇ቟ቯߦࠃࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᦨㄭߩታ㛎⎇ⓥߢ
ߪ 1 ᰴ᳇ᵃߩว૕ߦࠃࠆߣߩ⷗ᣇ߇ᒝ޿
[23][24][25][38][39][40]㧚޿ߕࠇߦߒߡ߽㧘ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩ⋡₹ߣ߽⸒߃ࠆ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߦ㑐ߒ㧘ᧂߛቢో
ߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒޿㔍޿㧚

Shoji㧔ᴣ㛛ࠞࠝࠬ㧕[29]╬‫ࠅ޽ߢޘ‬㧘ߘߩઁᄙ޿㧚㧢㧚㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤㧦ฦ⒳ࡕ࠺࡞
⎇ⓥೋᦼߦឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ⠨߃ߪ㧘᳇ᵃ߇ടᾲ㕙ࠍⷒ޿ੇ῎㧔ᶧߩᰳਲ㧕⁁ᘒߦ⥋ࠆ⚿ᨐ㧘㒢⇇߇↢ߓࠆߣߔࠆ Rohsenow-Griffith [17]ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ᳇
ᵃలḩࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ㧚޽ࠆ޿ߪᡰ㈩ᣇ⒟ᑼ߆ࠄᰴ
ర⸃ᨆߦࠃߞߡᢛℂᑼࠍዉ߈㧘ታ㛎⊛ߦቯᢙࠍቯ
߼ߚ Kutateladze ߩ⚻㛎ᑼ [8]߇ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘Zuber[11] ߦࠃߞߡᵹ૕ജቇ⊛ਇ቟ቯߦၮ
ߠ޿ߚℂ⺰ࡕ࠺࡞߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇ㧘ߘߩℂ⺰⊛⟤ߒߐߣ㧘⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ೨⸥ Kutateladze ߩᑼ߇⷗੐ߦዉ߆ࠇ
ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᐢߊାᄺߐࠇ㧘᳓ᐔ౞ᩇ߳ߩㆡ↪ߥ
ߤⓍᭂ⊛ߦ૶↪㧘ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ[30][31][32]㧚৻ᣇ㧘↲⮮-ᮮ⼱[12] ߪ㧘㜞ㅦᐲ౮⌀ߦࠃࠆ㐳ᐕߩ⹦⚦ߥⷰኤ߆ ࠄ 㧘ታ㓙 ߩ 㒢⇇ᾲᵹ ᧤ ὐߩ ᴣ 㛛⁁ ᴫ߇
Zuber ߩ⸒߁⁁ᘒߣߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ㧘ว૕᳇ᵃᐩߦሽ࿷ߔࠆᶧ⤑㧔ᩭᴣ㛛ᶧጀ㧕ߩᶖ⠻ߦࠃߞߡ㒢⇇߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜰ៰㧘ේ᧛-↲⮮[13] ߪߘߩ⠨߃ࠍቯᑼൻߒߡᚲ⻐ࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ᭴
▽ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧘㜞ᾲᵹ᧤ᩭᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐߿ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐߽⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ㧘౞ᩇ♽߿ု⋥ടᾲ㕙♽㧘ߐࠄߦߪᵹേᴣ㛛♽߳ߩ᜛ᒛ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⃻࿷ߢߪᐢߊାߓࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚਄⸥ Zuber ߩᵹജࡕ࠺࡞ߣ↲⮮-ᮮ⼱-ේ᧛ߩࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞߇㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ࡕ࠺࡞ߩੑߟߩᣛ㗡ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒᲧセ⊛ᦨㄭߦߥߞߡ㧘ᣂߚߥ⠨߃߿ࡕ࠺࡞߇ឭ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚೨ᦼߩᵹജࡕ࠺࡞
ߣࡑࠢࡠᶧ⤑ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘ᴣ㛛᜼േࠍᤨ㑆⊒ዷ⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ടᾲ㕙਄ߩᴣ㛛⃻⽎ࠍᶧ૕ߣ᳇ᵃߩⓨ㑆ಽᏓߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡᝒ߃㧘ߘߩಽᏓߩ
᦭ࠅ᭽߇ᩭᴣ㛛વᾲߪ൩⺰㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤߽ቯ߼ࠆ
ߣߔࠆ⠨߃㧔࡙࠾ࡈࠔࠗࡕ࠺࡞㧕߇ Dhir-Liaw[27][28] ߦࠃߞߡ໒߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⷏የ-᳗੗↰ਛ[33][34] ߪ㧘ࠨࡈࠔࠗࠕടᾲ㕙ߩⵣ㕙߆ࠄߩ⃻⽎ⷰኤ߆ࠄ㧘ടᾲ㕙਄ߩ᳇࿕ᶧ 3 ⋧⇇㕙ߩႺ⇇㐳ߐ߇㒢⇇ࠍቯ߼ࠆߣߒߚ⠨߃ࠍ㧘߹ߚ⿬-Ⴧጟ㢬↰[35][36] ߪ㧘ߘߩ 3 ⋧⇇㕙ߩ㜞޿ᾲᵹ᧤ߪ㧘1ᰴ᳇ᵃᐩㇱߦሽ࿷ߔࠆࡒࠢࡠᶧ⤑ߩ⫳⊒߇ᡰ㈩ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߣߩ⺑ࠍ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚᣂߒ޿ឭ᩺
ࠍฃߌ㧘޿ߕࠇߩࡕ࠺࡞߇ᅷᒰߢ޽ࠆ߆ߪ㧘⃻࿷⼏⺰ߩ᷵ਛߦ޽ࠆ߇㧘ฦࡕ࠺࡞ߦߪߘࠇߙࠇ໧㗴ߪ޽ࠆߣߒߡ߽㧘޿ߕࠇ߽ห৻ߩ⃻⽎ࠍᛒߞߡ߅

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

㧣㧚ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛㧦ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߣ໧㗴ὐㅢᏱ㧘ᴣ㛛ᦛ✢ߦ߅޿ߡㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛․ᕈߪ㧘㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ὐߣᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ὐࠍ⚿߱ᒻߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ⃻⽎⊛ߦ⸒߃߫㧘ߎߩ⴫⃻ߪᒻᑼ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߡ෩ኒߐߦᰳߌࠆ㧚ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛⃻⽎ߪ࿕ᶧߩធ⸅߇ᤨ㑆⊛ߦỗߒߊᄌേߔࠆ㕖ቯᏱᕈߩᒝ޿ਇ
቟ቯߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦᴣ㛛ᦛ✢ߦࠃࠆ⴫⃻ߦߪᤨ㑆⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߹ߥ޿㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᴣ㛛ᦛ✢ߢߪ㧘ߖ޿ߗ޿⎕✢⴫⃻ߦࠃߞߡᐔဋ⊛ߥ
୯ߩ⒟ᐲࠍ␜ߔߩ߇㒢⇇ߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ᴣ㛛ᦛ✢਄ߦ
ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߎߣߪේℂ⊛ߦਇน⢻ߥߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚
ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐ߩࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⴫⃻ߣߒߡᰴߩ
Kalinin ߩᑼ߇޽ࠆ[41][42]㧚

q = q N ⋅ F + q F (1 − F )    㧔1㧕
ߎߎߦ q N 㧘 q F ߪߘࠇߙࠇᴣ㛛ᾲᵹ᧤㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ᾲᵹߢ޽ࠆ㧚q N 㧘q F ߣߒߡ޿߆ߥࠆ୯ࠍណ↪ߔࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⼏⺰߇ᄙ޿㧚 q N ߣߒߡ㒢⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ࠍߣࠅ㧘 q F ߣߒߡᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ࠍߣࠆ⠨߃㧘޽ࠆ
޿ߪㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ㆊᾲᐲߦኻᔕߒߚᩭᴣ㛛ᑧ㐳ᦛ✢ߩ୯ߣ⤑ᴣ㛛ᑧ㐳ᦛ✢ߩ୯ࠍขࠆ⠨߃߇޽ࠆ㧚ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ߦ߅ߌࠆടᾲ㕙᷷ᐲߣᾲᵹ᧤ߩᤨ㑆⊛୯ࠍ⹦- 24 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ߪ೨⠪ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠆ୯ߦㄭߊ㧘♽ߩ࿶ജ߇਄߇
ࠆߦߟࠇ㧘ᓟ⠪ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠆ୯ߦㄭߠߊߣߩᜰ
៰߇޽ࠆ㧚ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߪ⤑ᴣ㛛߇፣უߒߡ⊒↢ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚⤑ᴣ㛛߇፣უߔࠆߦߪ㧘ߘߩ࠻࡝ࠟ࡯ߣߥࠆℂ↱㧔႐ᚲߣ⍍㑆㧕߇ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ
޿㧚ㅢᏱ㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߩ᷹ቯታ㛎ߪ᦭㒢ߩᄢ߈ߐߩടᾲ㕙㧘ടᾲ૕㧔⃿߿⚦✢㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚ടᾲ㕙߇᦭㒢ߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ᔅߕߘߩႺ⇇߇޽ࠅ㧘ߘߎߢߪ᥉ㅢ㧘ടᾲ㕙ߪᶧ૕ߦߧࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡߘߩㇱಽ߇࠻࡝ࠟ࡯ߣߥߞߡ⤑ߩ፣უ߇⿠ߎࠆ㧘ߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠃ߁㧚ታ㓙㧘ടᾲ㕙ߩႺ⇇ߩ᷷ᐲࠍ㜞ߊ଻ᜬߔࠆᎿᄦ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ․ᱶߥᚻᴺߢ
ടᾲ㕙ߩỨࠇࠍ㒐޿ߢ߿ࠆߣ㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߩ୯ߪ
ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ[64][65]㧚ߐࠄߦߪ㧘ᶧ૕ߩ࠹ࠗ࡜࡯ᵄ
㐳㧔ෂ㒾ᵄ㐳㧕ࠍߪࠆ߆ߦ⿧߃ߚᄢ߈ߥടᾲ㕙㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪߧࠇ㔍޿ടᾲ㕙ߢߪ㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ὐߪૐ
᷷஥ߦᄢ߈ߊ⒖േߒ㧘ᓥߞߡᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߩ୯߇㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߊߥࠆߣߩႎ๔߽޽ࠆ[66]㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤⊒↢ߩ໧㗴߽࿕૕ߩធ⸅ߩ໧㗴߇㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘⃻࿷ߢ߽ᧂ⸃᳿ߩ໧㗴߇ዋߥ߆ࠄ
ߕᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ὐߪ㧘ᔕ↪ߦ㑐ߒߡ⸒߃߫㧘⫳᳇῜⊒ߩ⊒↢߿㧘ᕆㅦ಄ළߦ߅ߌࠆࠢࠛࡦ࠴᷷ᐲߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚᔕ↪໧㗴ߪ㧘㕖ቯᏱᴣ㛛ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘໧㗴ߪࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߥ߽ߩߣߥࠅ㧘⸃᳿ߔߴ߈੐㗄ߪᄙߊᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚⚦ߦ᷹ቯߒߚ⚿ᨐ[43][44] ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᓟ⠪ߩ⠨߃ߦㄭ޿߽ߩߩ㧘ടᾲ㕙᷷ᐲ߽ᤨ‫ޘ‬ೞ‫ޘ‬ᄌൻߒߡ߅
ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠍᱜߒߊ⴫⃻ߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿㧚ߥ߅㧘 Fߩ୯ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢᄙߊߩ᷹ቯ߇ߥߐࠇ㧘߅߅ࠃߘߩ୯ߪࠊ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ[45][46][47]㧚
৻ᣇ㧘ធ⸅ⷺߩᄙ୯ᕈ㧔೨ㅴធ⸅ⷺߣᓟㅌធ⸅
ⷺ㧕ߦ↱᧪ߒߡ㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ᦛ✢ߦ߽ᄙ୯ᕈ㧔2 ᧄߩᦛ✢㧕߇⃻ࠇࠆߣߩਥᒛ߇ Lienahard –Wittei ߦࠃࠅឭ಴ߐࠇ[48]㧘৻ᤨᦼߘࠇࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽
಴ߐࠇߚ[49][50] ߇㧘ߘߩᓟߩ⹦⚦ߥ᷹ቯߦࠃߞ
ߡ㧘ߘߩ઒⺑߇ุቯߐࠇߚ[51][52]㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ㆫ
⒖ᴣ㛛ߩᄙ୯ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼏⺰ߪㄭ㗃޽߹ࠅߥߐ
ࠇߥ޿㧚
ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ߪ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᧦ઙߢᶧ૕߇ടᾲ㕙ߦធ⸅ߢ߈ࠆ㧔Ứࠄߔ㧕ߩ߆㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᧦ઙߦߥ
ࠆߣᶧ૕߇ടᾲ㕙ࠍỨࠄߐߥߊߥࠆߩ߆ߣ⸒߁㧘ᶧ૕ߩ‛ᕈߦ߽㑐ㅪߒߚ㔍⸃ߥ࿕ᶧធ⸅ߩ໧㗴ߣᒝߊ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩᗧ๧ߢ㧘ᴣ㛛ߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬Ứࠇ‫ߩޠ‬໧㗴ߪ⸃᣿ߦ㐳޿ᤨ㑆ࠍⷐߔࠆ߆
߽⍮ࠇߥ޿㧚
ߥ߅㧘ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎࠇ߹ߢߩઍ⴫⊛ߥ⎇ⓥࠍ೉᜼ߔࠆߣᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ[14][19][53][54][55]㧘࿕ᶧធ⸅ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ[45][46][47]㧘⴫㕙ᕈ⁁ߥߤᓇ㗀࿃ሶߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ[56][57][58] ╬ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㧤㧚ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤㧦ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߣ໧㗴ὐᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ࠍቯ߼ࠆ⠨߃ߦ㧘ᄢ߈ߊ⸒ߞߡ㧞ߟ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩ৻ߟߪ Berenson[59] ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆᾲ
ᵹ᧤ᡰ㈩ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ઁߩ৻ߟߪ Spiegler[60]߿⷏የ[61] ߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ᷷ᐲᡰ㈩ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆ㧚๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦ೨⠪ߩ⠨߃ߪ㧘⤑ᴣ㛛ߩ⫳᳇⤑ࠍ଻ᜬߔࠆߦߪ㧘ടᾲ㕙߆ࠄᶧ૕߳ᦨૐ㒢ߩᾲߩଏ⛎
߇ᔅⷐߢ㧘ߘߩᦨዊߩ୯߇ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߣߔࠆ߽ߩ
ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒᓟ⠪ߩ⠨߃ߪ㧘ᶧ૕ߩㆊᾲ㒢⇇ߣ߽㑐ㅪߒ㧘޽ࠆ᷷ᐲߢᶧ૕ߪ‛ᕈ⊛ߦ㜞᷷㕙ߦߪធ⸅ߒ㔍ߊ㧔Ứࠇ㔍ߊ㧕㧘ߘߩ᷷ᐲߢᭂዊᾲᵹ
᧤ὐ߇ቯ߹ࠅ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤ߪߘߩ᷷ᐲߦ߅ߌࠆ⤑ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩߤߜࠄ
߇ᱜߒ޿߆㧘
ᱷᔨߥ߇ࠄ޿ߕࠇߩ⠨߃ߦ┙ߞߡ߽㧘߅߅ࠃߘૃߚ୯߇੍᷹ߐࠇ↲ਸߟߌ㔍޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ
߇㧘ᓟ⠪ߩᣇ߇◲᣿ߢℂ⸃ߒᤃ޿㧚৻ᣇ㧘♽ߩ࿶ജࠍᄌ߃ߡᴣ㛛ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ
Sakura ࠄ[62][63] ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ૐ࿶ߢߩᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬㧥㧚⤑ᴣ㛛㧦ᾲવ㆐ߩᯏ᭴
⤑ᴣ㛛ߪ㧘ᶧ૕ߩടᾲ㒢⇇ࠍߪࠆ߆ߦ⿥߃ߚട
ᾲ㕙᷷ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘ᶧ૕ߪ⫳᳇ጀࠍ᜽߻ᒻߢሽ࿷ߔࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ടᾲ㕙ߣᶧ૕ߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥធ⸅ߪߥߊ㧘ᶧጀ㧘⫳᳇ጀ߇ಽ㔌⁛┙ߒߚᒻߩવᾲᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ᩭᴣ㛛߿ㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛ߦᲧߴ㧘⁁ᴫߪߪࠆ߆ߦන⚐ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ታ㛎ⷰኤߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᗐቯㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘․Ბߩ⼏⺰߽ߥߊ㧘ᱷߐࠇߚ໧㗴߽ዋߥ޿㧚ߎ߁ߒߚන⚐ߥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐ߩᲧセ⊛ᣧ޿Ბ㓏ߢߥ
ߐࠇߚ Berenson ઁ㧔᳓ᐔടᾲ㕙㧕[67][68][69][70]߿ Bromley ઁ 㧔 ု ⋥ ട ᾲ 㕙 ߿ ᳓ ᐔ ౞ ᩇ 㧕[16][17][71][72][73][74]㧘Hendricks-Baumeister㧔⃿⁁ടᾲ૕㧕ߩ⎇ⓥ[75]╬ߩᚑᨐ߇੹ᣣߢ߽ߘߩ߹
߹ߩᒻߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ု⋥ടᾲ㕙ߩ႐วߪ㧘⫳᳇ጀ⇇㕙ߩਇ቟ቯᵄ㐳ߦ߽㑐ଥߒߡ㧘ㅪ⛯⊛ߦ৻᭽ߥ⫳᳇⤑ߪᒻᚑߐࠇߕ㧘࡙࠾࠶࠻߇

- 25 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
㑆⸃ᨆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᕁ⠨ਛߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ
࡯࠼ᄢቇߢߪ Kenning ࠍਛᔃߦ㧘ടᾲ㕙᷷ᐲߩ⹦⚦ߥᤨⓨ㑆⸘᷹ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘3 ⠪߇౒หߢᴣ㛛ߩⶄ㔀ᕈߩ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߣߥߞߚ㧚౒ห⎇ⓥߪᢙᐕ⛮⛯ߐࠇ㧘ߘߩᚑᨐߪ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯⺰ᢥ[82]ߣߒߡႎ๔ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ㧘ࠞࠝࠬ⸻ᢿߦࠃߞߡ⏕߆ߦᴣ㛛ߩⶄ㔀ᕈࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈⃻⽎ߩℂ⸃ߪㅴࠎߛ߇㧘ᱷᔨߥ߇ࠄࠞࠝࠬജ
ቇߣ⸒߃ߤ㧘
޽ߊ߹ߢ৻ߟߩ⸃ᨆ࠷࡯࡞ߦㆊ߉ߕ㧘ߘࠇࠍએߞߡ໧㗴߇⋥ߜߦ⸃᳿ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ
޿ߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ㧚᷹ⷰ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩ㜞ㅦᐲࠞࡔ࡜ߩ⊒㆐߇㧘ߘߩ߹߹⃻⽎ߩ⸃᣿ߦㅪ߇ࠄߥ޿
ߩߣ੐ᖱߪోߊหߓߢ޽ࠆ㧚ⷐߔࠆߦ⎇ⓥߣߪ㧘޽ߊ߹ߢฦੱߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠕ߿⠨ኤ߇ၮᧄߢ޽ࠆ㧚಴᧪ࠆߣߩࡕ࠺࡞[76][77]߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ⇣⾰ߩ໧㗴ߢߪߥ޿㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⤑ᴣ㛛ߪᲧセ⊛ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔ޿ᴣ㛛ᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߦㄭߠߊߣ㧘⒟ᐲߩᏅߪ
޽ࠇ࿕ᶧߩធ⸅߇ታ㓙ߦߪ↢ߓᆎ߼ࠆ㧚ߘࠇ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᾲવ㆐ߦ⚿߮ߟߊߩ߆㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪᭂዊᾲ
ᵹ᧤ߩ⊒↢ߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆߩ߆㧘⹦ߒ޿ߎߣߪࠃߊࠊ
߆ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚㧝㧜㧚ᣂߒ޿ⷞὐ㧦ᴣ㛛ߩࠞࠝࠬ⊛ⷞᐳ๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦ 1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ㧘
ᢙℂ‛ℂߩቇ໧ಽ
㊁ߢⶄ㔀ᕈߩ⑼ቇ㧔㕖✢ᒻࠞࠝࠬജቇߣࡈ࡜ࠢ࠲
࡞ᐞ૗ቇ㧕߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ⊒㆐ߣㅪേߔࠆᒻߢ㧘ߘߩಽ㊁ߪᕆỗߦ⊒ዷߒߡ߈ߚ㧚ᴣ㛛ߪᤨ㑆ⓨ㑆⊛ߦᄢᄌⶄ㔀ߥ㕖✢ᒻᾲᵹ૕⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘1990 ᐕߩᆎ߼㧘ᢙℂ‛ℂߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߆ࠄ⓭ὼ㧘੍ᗐ߽ߒߥ޿ᒻߢᢾᣂߥᴣ㛛ߩ‛ℂࡕ࠺࡞߇⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ[78]㧚ߘߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㊄ሶ㇌ᒾߩᤨⓨ㑆ࠞࠝࠬ[79]ߦၮߠ޿ߡ߅ࠅ㧘⠨߃ߩၮᧄߪ㧘ᭂ߼ߡ◲න᣿⍎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᴣ㛛ߪ㔍⸃ߣ⸒߃ߤ㧘ߘࠇࠍᡰ㈩ߒߡ޿ࠆ‛ℂᴺೣߪ㜞‫᦭ޘ‬㒢୘ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ‛ℂೣࠍ಴᧪ࠆߛߌන⚐ߥᢙቇ⊛⴫⃻ߢ⴫ࠊߖ߫㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߥ᜼േߪኈᤃߦᢙ୯⊛ߦౣ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߣߩ⠨߃ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ታ㓙㧘ᩉ↰[78] ࠄߪ㧘ᾲવዉߣ⋧ᄌൻ㧘ᶋജലᨐࠍᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼߩᒻ
ߢߪߥߊ㧘න⚐ߥઍᢙ⴫⃻ߢ⴫ࠊߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍᤨ㑆⊒ዷߩᒻߢ⸃ࠍ᳞߼㧘◲නߥ⸘▚㧔౮௝㧕ߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߢᴣ㛛ᦛ✢߇ౣ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪᢾᣂߢߪ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ቯᕈ⊛ߢታ㓙⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦᴣ㛛ߦߪ㧘਄⸥ 3
ߟߩ‛ℂᴺೣߩߺߢߥߊ㧘᳇ᵃߩ⊒↢ߪടᾲ㕙ߩ᳇ᵃᩭ߆ࠄ߽↢ߓࠆߎߣ㧘᳇ᶧߩ⇇㕙ߦߪਇ቟ቯ
⃻⽎߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ㧚ᩉ↰ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄ߇ᰳ
⪭ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߘߎߢ╩⠪ࠄߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩⷐ⚛ࠍട๧ߒ㧘ᴣ㛛ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࠲ߣߒߡࡕ࠺࡞ߩౣ᭴▽ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߘߩන⚐ߥࡕ࠺࡞⸘▚ߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘㛳ߊߴߊታ㓙ߩ⃻⽎߿㑐ㅪ࿃ሶߩᓇ㗀ࠍౣ⃻ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩ
ߢ޽ߞߚ[80]㧚৻ᣇ㧘ߘ߁ߒߚࡕ࠺࡞᭴▽ߣหᤨߦ㧘ታ㓙ߩᴣ㛛⃻⽎߇ߘ߽ߘ߽ࠞࠝࠬ᜼േߢ޽ࠆ
߆ุ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⇼໧߇޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘ᓸዊ⚦✢ߦࠃࠆታ㛎ߣࠞࠝࠬ⸻ᢿ
㧔᷷ᐲᄌേࠕ࠻࡜ࠢ࠲ߩ᭴▽㧕ࠍⴕߞߡߺߚߣߎࠈ㧘⏕߆ߦࠞࠝࠬ⊛᜼േࠍ␜ߒ
ߚ[81]㧚᛬ࠅߒ߽㧘☨࿖ߩࡠࠬࠕ࡜ࡕࠬ⎇ⓥᚲߢ
ߪ Nelson ࠍਛᔃߦ㧘㜞ᾲᵹ᧤ᩭᴣ㛛ߩ♖✺ߥᤨⓨવᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬㧝㧝㧚ᦨㄭߩ⎇ⓥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬ
ㄭᐕߪ㔚ሶᯏེ࿁〝ߩ㓸ⓍᐲߩჇട߿࡟࡯ࠩ╬శቇᯏེߩ᷷ᐲ೙ᓮߩ✺ኒൻ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪฦ⒳ᯏེ
ߩᓸዊൻ㧔ࡑࠗࠢࡠൻ㧕ߦ઻߁ᾲャㅍ߿᷷ᐲ೙ᓮ
ߩᛛⴚⷐ⺧ߩߚ߼㧘વᾲല₸ߩ㜞޿ᴣ㛛߳ߩᦼᓙ߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩߚ߼ MEMS ߿ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖ
ࡀ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚᾲ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ㐿⊒߿ᕈ⢻ะ਄ߦะߌ
ߚᴣ㛛વᾲߩ⎇ⓥ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊౝ߿ᓸ
ዊ㊀ജਅߦ߅ߌࠆᴣ㛛㧘㜞ᾲ⽶⩄ߦ޽ࠆᓸዊᵹ〝߳ߩᔕ↪ࠍ⠨߃ߚᓸ⚦ൻᴣ㛛 MEB㧔Micro Bubble
Emission Boiling㧕㧘વᾲᕈ⢻ะ਄ߩߚ߼ߦ⥄ᏆḨẢᶧ૕ߥߤߩᷙวᶧࠍ↪޿ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᴣ㛛વᾲߩ⎇ⓥߥߤ߇⹤㗴ߣߥߞߡ㧘ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥ߇ᵴ᳇ߠ޿ߡ޿
ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߦߟ޿ߡߪ⎇ⓥ߇⃻࿷ㅴⴕਛߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᚑᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆᲑ㓏ߣߪߥߞߡ޿
ߥ޿㧚੹ᓟߩᚑᨐࠍᦼᓙߒߚ޿㧚㧝㧞㧚ᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߦᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴ㄭᐕߩᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߪ㧘ฦ⒳ᔕ↪਄ߩⷐ⺧߇޽ߞߡ⾟ࠊ޿ࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ቇⴚ⊛㧘ၮ␆⊛ߥ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒߃߫㧘ᱷߐࠇߚᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡએਅߩ
3 ߟࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ㧚╙ 1 ߪ☻ߐ߿ࠠࡖࡆ
࠹ࠖᒻ⁁ߥߤ᳇ᵃߩ⊒↢ߣᩭߩ↢ᚑߦ߆߆ࠊࠆട
ᾲ㕙ᕈ⁁ߩ⊛⏕ߢ⑼ቇ⊛ߥᛠី㧔⴫⸥㧕ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ໧㗴ߪᴣ㛛⃻⽎ߩ⸃᣿ߦߣߞߡᦨᄢߦ
ߒߡᦨ㊀ⷐߩᧂ⸃᳿ߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚╙ 2 ߪ࿕ᶧߩធ⸅㧘Ứࠇ⃻⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‛ℂ⊛⸃᣿ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߥߊߒߡㆫ⒖ᴣ㛛߿ᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߩᱜߒ
޿ℂ⸃ߪ޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿㧚╙ 3 ߪᴣ㛛ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯ࠪ

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․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
࡚ࡦ㧘ߘߩ⎇ⓥ߳ߩេ↪ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦߪ㧘਄⸥ߩടᾲ㕙ᕈ⁁ߩ໧㗴߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ㧘᳇ᵃᩭߩᐓᷤ߿᳇ᶧ⇇㕙ߩ᧦ઙ㧔᳇ᵃߩว૕᧦ઙ߿ᓇ㗀࿃
ሶߩℂ⸃㧕߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߢ޽ࠅ㧘㔍ߒ޿໧㗴ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᢙ୯⸘▚ߪᢙ୯ታ㛎ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߢ߈㧘᷹ቯߩ㔍ߒ޿㊂߿੐㗄߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡᴣ㛛
ߩℂ⸃߇ᩰᲑߦㅴ߻ߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ㧚዁᧪ߩ޽ࠆ⧯޿ᣂㅴߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦᦼᓙߔࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ㧚

Condensation and Boiling Heat Transfer, 507-540.
12) ⷏Ꮉ࡮⮮↰㧘વᾲᎿቇߩⷫዷ㧘╙ 2 Ꮞ㧘ᩭᴣ㛛㧘㙃⾫ၴ (1974), 1-115.
14) વᾲቇ㧘ℂᎿቇ␠ (1982)㧘╙ 9 ┨㧦ᴣ㛛㧘
210-254.
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㨇ઃ㍳ B㧦ᴣ㛛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯⸥੐㨉㧝㧟㧚߻ߔ߮
ᧄⓂߪࡊ࡯࡞ᴣ㛛ߦ㒢ࠅ㧘ߘࠇ߽㘻๺ᴣ㛛ߩߺࠍᔨ㗡ߦ㧘߹߃߇߈ߦ⸥ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎߎ 20 ᐕߩᴣ㛛⎇ⓥࠍ᭎ⷰߒߚ㧚ᄙಽߦ⥄ಽࠃ߇ࠅߢ㧘ീᒝਇ⿷ߩㇱಽ߇ᄙ޿ߦ㆑޿ߥ޿㧚ᱜ⋥⸒߃߫㧘ᧄⓂ
ࠍḰ஻ߔࠆߦ㧘౏⑳ߣ߽ߦᄙᔔߩᤨᦼߣ㊀ߥࠅ㧘ḩ⿷ߦᤨ㑆߇ขࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎࠇ߇⢻ജߩ㒢⇇ߣ⸒߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘↳ߒ⸶ߥߊ㧘߅⹟߮ߒߚ޿㧚એਅ㧘޿ߕࠇ߽ Advances in Heat Transfer, Academic Press ߩ
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[34] ↰ਛ࡮⷏የ㧘‫ޟ‬㜞ᾲᵹ᧤ᴣ㛛ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿕ᶧធ⸅ ᭴ ㅧ ‫ޠ‬㧘 ᣣ ᧄ વ ᾲ ࠪ ࡦ ࡐ 㧘 ᾢ ᧄ 㧘 D313,
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1986㧘B211㧘217-219㧚
[65] ⷏Ꮉࠄ㧘Ref- (98)[66] ᐣม࡮㊄ሶ㧘‫ޟ‬᳓ᐔടᾲ㕙਄ߩ㘻๺⤑ᴣ㛛ߣᭂዊᾲᵹ᧤ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧘ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐ㧘
1986, B222㧘220-222㧚
[67] Berenson, P.J., Ref- (101)[68] Ruckenstein, E., Ref- (102)[69] Lao, Y.J., Ref- (103)વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 29 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

વᾲᯏེ  ᐕߩㅴዷAdvances in Heat Transfer Equipment in Fifty Yearsਛጊ ᕡ㧔ฬ⹷ળຬ㧕
Wataru NAKAYAMA (Honorary Member)e-mail: watnakayama@aol.com
ߪߓ߼ߦ
વᾲቇળ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ࠮ࡒ࠽
࡯߇ᮮᵿߢ㐿߆ࠇ㧘ߘߎߢ⴫㗴ߩ⹤ࠍߔࠆ઀੐ࠍ
㗂޿ߚ㧚╩⠪߇ᜰฬߐࠇߚ⢛᥊ߦߪᣣ┙⵾૞ᚲߢ
ฦ⒳ᾲ੤឵ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ߚߎ
ߣ߇޽ࠈ߁߆ߣᕁ߁㧚ᒁ߈ฃߌߡߺߚ߽ߩߩ㧘߹ߣ߽ߦ⠨߃ࠆߣᄢᄌ㔍ߒ޿઀੐ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⹤ࠍ➙߼ߚࠄࠃ޿߆㧘ᰴߩߎߣ߇ࠄߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡߺߚ㧚㧔㧝㧕વᾲᯏེߣߪ㧫 ᾲߩ⒖േࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆᯏེߪోߡવᾲᯏེߣ๭ߴ
ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߢߪኻ⽎▸࿐߇ᐢߔ߉ࠆ㧚⠨߃ߟߊߛ
ߌߢ߽ฦ⒳ⷙᮨߩࡏࠗ࡜࡯㧘Ἱ㧘න⋧߅ࠃ߮⋧ᄌൻߔࠆ૞േᵹ૕ߩᾲ੤឵ེ㧘ᄥ㓁᷷᳓ེߣ㓸ᾲེ㧘⫾಄ᾲེ㧘లႯጀ㧘ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࡈࠖ
ࡦઃ߈಄ළེ㧘ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ㧘ࠨ࡯ࡕࠨࠗࡈࠜࡦ㧘ᾲ㔚ሶᄌ឵ེ㧘╬‫ޘ‬ᄙᢙߦߩ߷ࠆ㧚㧔㧞㧕ㅴዷࠍ⴫ߔᜰᮡߪ㧫 વᾲᯏེߩ⸳⸘ߪ㧘ⶄᢙߩ⋧෻ߔࠆ࿃ሶࠍ⒊ߦ
߆ߌߡᅷදὐࠍតࠆᄙ㕙⊛ߥ૞ᬺߢ޽ࠆ㧚଀߃߫ⓨ᳇ᾲ੤឵ེߢଔᩰ߇ᄙዋ㜞ߊߥߞߡ߽ዊဳൻࠍ
ㅊ᳞ߔࠆ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪኸᴺ߇ᄙዋᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ߽ᄢ
⋥ᓘߩࡈࠔࡦࠍૐㅦߢ࿁ォߐߖૐ㛍㖸ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ㧘ߥߤ߇଀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⎇ⓥᲑ㓏ߢఝࠇߚᕈ⢻߿ᯏ⢻߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߥ߇ࠄ㧘ታ↪ߦ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߽ߩ
ߪᢙᄙߊ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩߥ߆ߦߪ⊒⴫ᒰᤨߦ㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼㧘ߐࠄߦ⎇ⓥࠍ⋓ࠅ਄ߍߚ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆ߇㧘ᨐߚߒߡㅴዷߣᝒ߃ࠆߴ߈߆ㅅ߁ߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻⥸⊛ߦ⸒߃߫㧘ታ↪ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆᯏེߩㅴዷߪ
ᄙ㕙⊛ߦᝒ߃ߡὼࠆߴ߈߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚଀߃߫ࡏࠗ
࡜࡯߿㜞᷷↪ㅜߩᾲ੤឵ེߢߪ቟ోᕈߩะ਄߇ㅴ
ዷᜰᮡߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᾲ੤឵ེߩ⸳⸘ߦ૶߁࠷࡯
࡞ߩㅴᱠ㧘↢↥ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠ㧘ߥߤ߽ㅴዷᜰᮡߢ޽
ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ታ↪ൻߦߪࠦࠬ࠻ߩოࠍ⿥߃ߨ߫ߥࠄ
ߥ޿㧚ఝࠇߚᛛⴚߢ޽ߞߡ߽ࠦࠬ࠻ߩოࠍ⿥߃ࠄ
ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߽ߩߪᄙ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ߁ߜߩ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 30 -

޽ࠆ߽ߩߪ㧘ࠦࠬ࠻㜞ࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆ↪ㅜ߇಴⃻ߒߡታ↪ൻߐࠇߚ㧚ߥ߆ߦߪ↢↥㊂ߩ᜛ᄢߣߣ߽ߦࠦ
ࠬ࠻߇ਅ߇ࠅ㧘ᦝߦ↪ㅜࠍᐢߍࠆߣ੔߁ᅢᓴⅣߦ
౉ߞߚ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆ㧚ࠦࠬ࠻㜞ࠍ⸵ኈߔࠆ↪ㅜߪ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ෂᯏ߿ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬᏒ႐ߩ᜛ᄢߥ
ߤ␠ળ⚻ᷣⅣႺ߇㥳ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘ᤨઍ⢛᥊ࠍᛮ߈ߦߒߡવᾲᯏེߩㅴዷࠍ⺆ࠆߎߣߪ಴
᧪ߥ޿㧚㧔㧟㧕⹤ߦᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߪ㧫 ᱧผࠍ㘈ߺࠆ૞ᬺߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘⃻࿷߆ࠄ዁᧪߳߆
ߌߡߩዷᦸࠍᜏߊߎߣߦ޽ࠈ߁㧚ૉߒ㧘ዷᦸߢᦸ߻ߣߎࠈߪฦੱฦ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ડᬺߩੱߚߜߦߣߞ
ߡߪવᾲᯏེߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦㅴ߼ߚࠄࠃ
޿߆߇㑐ᔃ੐ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ᄢቇߘߩઁߩ⎇ⓥᯏ㑐ߢၮ␆⎇ⓥߦ៤ࠊࠆੱߚߜߪ㧘ᣂߒ޿‛ℂ⃻⽎ߩ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄታ↪਄ߩࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻߇޽ࠆᚑᨐࠍᓧߚ޿㧘ߘࠇߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⺖㗴⸳ቯࠍߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿߆♻ญࠍᓧߚ޿㧚ߐࠄߦቇળ߿⎇ⓥⴕ᡽ᯏ㑐ߦߣߞߡߪ
ߎࠇ߆ࠄߤߩಽ㊁ߦജࠍᵈߋࠃ߁ᵹࠇࠍ૞ࠆ߆ߦ
ߟ޿ߡߩዷᦸ߇᰼ߒ޿㧚 ߐߡ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᄙ㕙ᕈ޽ࠆਥ㗴ߪ⠨߃ߚߛߌߢ߽᳇߇㆙ߊߥࠆ㧚ࠃߒࠎ߫ઁߩੱߚߜߩදജࠍ
ᓧߡ➙߼ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߡ߽㧘⍴ᤨ㑆ߩ߁ߜߦ⡬ⴐߦવ߃ࠆ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪේⓂߩಽ㊂ࠍㆡᒰߥ▸࿐ߦ෼߼ࠆߎߣߪ㔍ߒ޿㧚ߘߎߢᰴߩᣇ㊎ࠍណࠆߎߣߦߒߚ㧚 ߎࠇ߹ߢߩવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧘‫ޟ‬વᾲ⎇ⓥ‫ޟޠ‬વᾲ‫ߩઁߩߘ⹹ޠ‬ᢥ₂ࠍෳᾖߒߟߟ㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߩવᾲᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߣᤨઍ⢛᥊ߩ᭎⺑ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ㧔2 ▵㧕㧚 ޿ߊߟ߆ߩᯏེࠍኻ⽎ߣߒ㧘ฦᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹤ߩߥ߆ߢવᾲᯏེ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⻉ⷐ࿃ߦ⸅ࠇࠆ㧔3㧙7 ▵㧕㧚 ╩⠪ߩ࿁ᗐࠍゲߦ⸥ߔߩߢ㧘ᒁ↪଀ߦ஍ࠅ߇
޽ࠆ߇⺒⠪ߩኈ⿔ࠍ਼߁㧚

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
વᾲᯏེߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߣᤨઍ⢛᥊㧦 వߩ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨነⓂ[1]ߩߥ߆ߢ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥߦ
ߣߞߡߩⅣႺ߇ᐕઍߣߣ߽ߦᄌൻߒߡ߈ߚ᭽ࠍ⸥
ߒߚ㧚વᾲᯏེߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦ߽ߎࠇߪᒰὼᒰߡ፰
߹ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળ㧔વᾲ⎇ⓥળ㧕߇⊒⿷ߒߚ 1960ᐕઍએ㒠ߩᛛⴚ⊒ዷߪ޽ࠄ߹ߒᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠈ߁㧚੹ᣣߩ⁁ᴫߦ❬߇ࠆ੐㗄߽⸥ߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚࿑ 1 ߪવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ⺰ᢥߩ✚ᢙߣવᾲᯏ
ེߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⺰ᢥߩᢙߩផ⒖ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿑ 1 વᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߦ߅ߌࠆ⊒⴫ᢙߩ⛔⸘
26 ࿁વᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧔1989 ᐕ㧕એ೨ߩ⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߒߡߪዊ┻ㅴవ↢߇➙߼ࠄࠇߚ⹦ߒ޿⺞ᩏ⾗ᢱ[2]߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩᤨὐએ㒠ߩવᾲᯏེ㑐ㅪߩ⊒⴫ᢙߪ╩⠪߇ൊቯߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ᕭᗧ⊛ߥㆬᛯ߇฽߹ࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᐢߊᝒ߃ࠇ߫ᱴߤోߡߩ⎇ⓥ߇વᾲᯏེ
ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᐕઍ߇ㅴ߻ߦᓥߞߡ⁜⟵ߩᾲ੤឵ེએᄖߩવᾲᯏེ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⊒⴫ߩಽ㘃߇ᦌᤒߦߥࠆߩߪㆱߌࠄ
ࠇߥ޿㧚ߘࠇߢ߽௑ะߪ࿑ 1 ߦ⴫ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ㄭᐕߢߪ⊒⴫✚ᢙߩ⚂ 1/4 ߇ᯏེ㑐ㅪߩ⊒⴫ߢ޽ࠆ㧚એਅߦ㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߩવᾲᯏེ㐿⊒ߩ᭎ᴫ㧘਎⇇ߩ⁁ᴫ㧘੹ᣣߩ⺖㗴ߣߩ㑐ㅪߥߤࠍ 10 ᐕߏߣߦ඙ಾࠅ㧘વᾲቇળ⹹㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧘ߘߩઁߩ⾗ᢱࠍෳᾖߒߟߟ➙߼ߡߺߚ㧚 1960 ᐕઍ ⊒㔚ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻㧘⍹ᴤൻቇࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻ߥߤᄢⷙᮨࠪ
ࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆᾲ੤឵ེߦ⋥ធ߹ߚߪ㑆ធߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᄙߊߥߐࠇߚ㧚⿥⥃⇇࿶ࡏࠗ࡜࡯ߩ᳓▤㧘ේሶἹΆᢱ᫔⴫㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥃⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ੍᷹ߪᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ࡃ࡯ࡦࠕ࠙࠻ὐߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ᳓▤߹ߚߪΆᢱ᫔ⵍⷒ߇ㆊᾲߒ
⎕៊ߔࠆ⏕₸߇㜞ߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߩ଀ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁
ߦવᾲ⎇ⓥߩᄙߊߪᄢⷙᮨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ቟ో⸳⸘ߣ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 31 -

ኒធߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ߚ㧚‫ޟ‬વᾲ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬2 Ꮞ 8 ภߦߪ࿖ౝ↥ᬺ⇇߇ᛴ߃ࠆવᾲ⎇ⓥ߳ߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠍ➙߼ߚႎ
๔[3]߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚1960 ᐕઍೋᦼߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺߩ㑐ᔃߪ㧘ਥߣߒߡࡏࠗ࡜࡯㧘⫳᳇࠲࡯ࡆࡦ㧘ࠟࠬ࠲࡯ࡆࡦߩᒝᐲା㗬ᕈะ਄ߣ᧚ᢱ㐿⊒ߦ޽ࠅ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥߪߎࠇࠄ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ദജࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᓎഀߢ޽ߞ
ߚߎߣ߇ુ߃ࠆ㧚ૉߒ㧘⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߩߥ߆ߦߪΆ
ᢱ㔚ᳰ㧘MHD ⊒㔚㧘ㅢାᯏེߩ಄ළߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᣢߦ⊓႐ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚વᾲ⎇ⓥળߩೋᦼߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⎇ⓥߦߪ੹ᣣߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ⛮⛯ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠆ㧚଀߃߫⥄േゞ↪ᾲ੤឵ེߦ㑐ߔࠆવᾲ⎇ⓥߩ࠾࡯࠭ߪ
ᣧߊ߆ࠄឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ[4]㧘ᛛⴚߩㅴዷ⁁ᴫߪߘߩᓟ߽ߒ߫ߒ߫࡟ࡧࡘ࡯ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᯏེߩ቟ోᕈߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆવᾲ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߪ੹ᣣ߽ᣂߒ޿
ⅣႺߩ߽ߣߢ⊓႐ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚଀߃߫᥉෸߇ㅴࠎߢ
޿ࠆዊဳࡏࠗ࡜࡯ߢߪ૕Ⓧᒰߚࠅߩᾲ⽶⩄߇Ⴧᄢߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘⥃⇇ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ੍᷹ߪଐὼߣߒߡ⎇ⓥ⺖
㗴ߢ޽ࠆ[5]㧚ੑ⋧ᵹવᾲߦ㑐ߔࠆೋᦼߩ⎇ⓥߪ㧘੹ᣣߩ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ࠆ߁߃ߢ⾆㊀ߥ⍮⊛⾗↥ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ߶߆㧘಄ළႡ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᾲ੤
឵ེ㧘ੇ῎ᯏ㧘⵾㋕ಃ㊄ߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹤㗴ߪ 1960ᐕઍᓟඨߩᄐቄ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߥߤߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ㧚1968 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚဝౝὑ㓶వ↢✬ߩ‫ޟ‬ᾲ੤឵ེ‫[ޠ‬6]ߪᾲ੤឵ེߩ⸳⸘ℂ⺰ࠍ⠌ᓧߔࠆෳ⠨ᦠߢ޽ߞߚ㧚 ਎⇇ߩ⁁ᴫ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆೋᦼߩવ
ᾲ⎇ⓥ߇ᷓ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚ☨࿖ߣ⧷࿖ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ⸥ߒߡ߅ߊ㧚ᾲ੤឵ེߩߥ߆ߢ߽㜞᷷㜞࿶↪ㅜߦㆡߒߚ▤⢵ဳ㧔ࠪࠚ࡞·ࠕࡦ࠼·࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ㧕ᾲ੤឵ེߩ
⸳⸘ᚻᴺߣ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེౝㇱߩ‛ℂ⃻⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊࠇߚ㧚☨࿖ߢߪડᬺࠦࡦ࠰࡯ࠪࠕ
ࡓߢ޽ࠆ Heat Transfer Research, Inc. (HTRI)߇ 1962ᐕߦ⊒⿷ߒ㧘ၮ␆⎇ⓥ߆ࠄ⸳⸘ࠦ࡯࠼ߩ㐿⊒߹ߢ᏷ᐢ޿ᵴേࠍᆎ߼ߚ㧚⧷࿖ߢߪ Atomic Energy
Research Establishment (AERE)߇ੑ⋧ᵹવᾲߣᾲ
੤឵ེ⸳⸘ߩၮ⋚࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚☨࿖ᯏ᪾ቇળ(ASME)ߣ☨࿖ൻቇᎿቇળ(AIChE)߇౒௅
ߔࠆ National Heat Transfer Conference(NHTC)ߢߪ
HTRI ߣ AERE ߆ࠄߩ⊒⴫߇⋓ࠎߢ޽ߞߚශ⽎߇޽ࠆ㧚ߣߎࠈߢળ⼏㧔NHTC㧕ߩᣇߪㄭᐕૐ⺞ߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ߇㧘HTRI ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘᧚ᢱ㧘ൻቇ㧘ߥߤߩ↥ᬺߢ㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆᾲ੤឵ེ߳ߩ㔛ⷐࠍ෻ᤋߒߡᬺ❣ၷ⺞ߩࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⃻࿷ߩડᬺ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߦߪ 77 ␠ߩᣣᧄડᬺ
㧔߹ߚߪᣣᧄᴺੱડ
ᬺ㧕ߩฬ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ൻቇࡊࡠ࠮ࠬⵝ⟎↪ࠪࠚ࡞·ࠕࡦ࠼·࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉᾲ੤឵ེߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⊛ㄭᐕߩ⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߒߡߪ[7]ߦႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 1970 ᐕઍ ᚒ߇࿖ߪᚢᓟߩ㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ᦼ߆ࠄ 1973 ᐕߩࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢࠍ⚻ߡ㧘቟ቯᚑ㐳ᦼߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࡈࠚ࡯
࠭ߦ౉ߞߚ㧚ේሶജ⊒㔚ߪ⹜㛎Ბ㓏߆ࠄ໡ᬺ⊒㔚߳ߣ゠㆏ߦਸ਼ࠅᆎ߼ߚ㧚ᦝߥࠆ㜞ല₸⊒㔚ߣΆᢱࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩቢᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇⌕ᚻߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᄙ⋡⊛㜞᷷ࠟࠬἹ㧘㜞ㅦჇᱺἹ㧘ᩭⲢวἹߥߤߦ
㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ේሶജࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻ߦ↪޿ࠆ㔚ജᯏེߪᄢኈ㊂ൻߒ㧘૕Ⓧᒰߚࠅߩ⊒ᾲኒᐲ߇Ⴧᄢ㧘㜞ᕈ⢻಄ළᛛⴚ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞ
ߚ[8]㧚
ߎߩᐕઍߩ․ᓽߪ಄ಓⓨ⺞ᯏེߣ⥄േゞߩᕆỗߥ᥉෸ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⵾ຠߪᣢߦ 1960 ᐕઍඨ߫ߦߪᚑ㐳ࠍᆎ߼ߡ޿ߚ߇㧘৻⥸ኅᐸߩᚲᓧჇ
ᄢߣડᬺᵴേߩ᜛ᄢࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ↢↥㊂߇ᄢ᏷ߦჇ
߃ߚ㧚⛔⸘[9]ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ⓨ⺞ᯏ↢↥㊂ߪ 1970 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1980 ᐕߩ 10 ᐕ㑆ߦ 5 ୚ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚⥄േゞߩ↢↥㊂ߪหߓ 10 ᐕߩ㑆ߦ⚂ 2 ୚ߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻⥸ᶖ⾌⠪ะߌߩ⵾ຠ㐿⊒ߢߪᄢⷙᮨᯏེߩ႐วߦᲧ
ߴ㐿⊒⠪ߩഃᗧᎿᄦࠍ౉ࠇ߿ߔ޿㧚಄ಓⓨ⺞↪ᾲ੤឵ེ㧘⥄േゞߩ࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲㧘ࠞ࡯ࠢ࡯࡜࡯ߥߤ
ߦ᭽‫ߥޘ‬⠨᩺߇⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇߚ㧚ߣߊߦᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ
⁜㓖ߥዬ૑ࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߣࠝࡈࠖࠬࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߩ੐ᖱ߆
ࠄᾲ੤឵ེߩዊဳൻߦജ߇ᵈ߇ࠇߚ㧚⒳‫ߩޘ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍવᾲ㕙ߦ⸳ߌߡવᾲଦㅴࠍ࿑ࠆ⹜ߺ߇ߥߐ
ࠇ㧘޽ࠆ߽ߩߪታ↪ൻߐࠇߚ㧚࿑ 2 ฦ⒳ᾲ੤឵ེߩᕈ⢻ᜰᮡ[10]વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 32 -

1970 ᐕઍᓟඨߦߪ㜞ᕈ⢻ᾲ੤឵ེߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹤㗴߇࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߥߤߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᴰ੫ᄥ㇢వ↢[10]㧘⮮ដ⾫ม᳁[11]ߦࠃࠆ࡟ࡧࡘ࡯߇
⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚࿑ 2[10]ߪฦ⒳ᾲ੤឵ེߩવᾲ㕙Ⓧ㧔F㧕㧘ᾲㅢㆊ₸㧔K㧕㧘࿶ജ៊ᄬ㧔P㧕
㧘ᾲ੤឵㊂ᒰߚࠅߩ
ኈⓍ㧔V㧕
㧘ห㊀㊂㧔W㧕ࠍ 1965 ᐕᤨߩ୯ߣߩᲧ
ߦߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚1960 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 1970ᐕઍඨ߫ߩ㑆ߦㅴࠎߛ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེߩዊဳ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߩ⁁ᴫ߇⷗ߡߣࠇࠆ㧚⥄േゞࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡜
ࠫࠛ࡯࠲㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߩദജߪ 1950 ᐕઍ߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠄ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘࿑ 3[11]ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ 1970 ᐕઍߦߪᣢ
ߦ㘻๺࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ᦝߥࠆ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߦߪ
ේℂ⊛ࡉ࡟࡯ࠢࠬ࡞࡯߇ᔅⷐߣߩ⹺⼂߇㜞߹ࠅ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ⇇߳ߩ࠹࡯ࡑឭ⿠߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑ 3 ⥄േゞ↪࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ߩዊဳൻ[11]1973㧙1974 ᐕߩࠕ࡜ࡉ⻉࿖ߦࠃࠆ⍹ᴤ⑌ャߪࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߳ߩᷫㅦലᨐ
ࠍ㥳ߒߚ㧚หᤨߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㑐ᔃࠍ㜞߼ࠆലᨐࠍ㥳ߒߚ㧚⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘ᄥ㓁ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘ᶏᵗ᷷ᐲᏅߥߤౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḯ೑↪
ߩߚ߼ߩᛛⴚ㐿⊒߇ᅑബߐࠇߚ㧚ㅢ↥⋭Ꮏᬺᛛⴚ㒮ߪ 1974 ᐕߦࠨࡦࠪࡖࠗࡦ⸘↹㧘1978 ᐕߦߪࡓ࡯ࡦ࡜ࠗ࠻⸘↹ࠍ⊒⿷ߐߖ㧘ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ࠍഥᚑߒߚ㧚ᣂࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᵴ⊒ߦߥࠅ㧘‫ޟ‬વᾲ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬㧘વᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓߦߪ⫾಄ᾲེ㧘ૐ᷷ᐲᏅᾲ੤឵ེ㧘㜞ᕈ⢻વᾲ㕙㧘ᄥ㓁ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯೑↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⊒⴫߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚੹ᣣ߰ߚߚ߮ౣ↢น⢻ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḯߣ೑↪ᛛⴚߪᣢߦ 1970 ᐕઍߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᱴ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ࠞ❑ᢿ⍹ᴤࡄࠗࡊ࡜ࠗࡦߢ㧘᳗ਭಓ࿯ࠍ଻ᜬߔࠆ
ߩߦࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ߇૶ࠊࠇߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆ㧚ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߦ㑐ߒߡߪᦝߦ 5 ▵ߢㅀߴࠆ㧚 1980 ᐕઍ
 1980 ᐕઍߢ․⸥ߔߴ߈ߎߣߩ৻ߟߪ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ⊒㆐ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩᄢኈ㊂ൻߣṶ▚ㅦᐲߩะ਄ߪવᾲ⎇ⓥߣવᾲᯏེ⸳⸘ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߚ㧚ᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦᛛᴺߣ໡↪ࠦ࡯࠼߇⊒㆐ߒ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེౝㇱߩવᾲᵹേߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹦⚦⸃ᨆ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘⸘▚ᯏౝㇱߩ⊒ᾲኒᐲ߇਄᣹ߒ㧘಄ළᛛⴚ߇⸘▚ᯏߩㅴᱠߦᄢ߈
ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ[14, 15]㧚 ߹ߚ㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴ߪᦝߦᄢ߈ߥ㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄᜰ៰ߐࠇᆎ߼ߚࠝ࠱ࡦጀ
ߩᷫዋߣࡈࡠࡦ಄ᇦߩ㑐ㅪߪ㧘1980 ᐕઍߦ౉ߞߡ
߶߷⏕ቯ⊛ߦߥߞߚ㧚࿖㓙⊛ߥข⚵߇ᆎ߹ࠅ㧘ࠝ࠱ࡦጀ଻⼔ߩߚ߼ߩ࠙ࠗ࡯ࡦ᧦⚂㧔1985 ᐕ㧕㧘ࠝ࠱ࡦጀࠍ⎕უߔࠆ‛⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡕࡦ࠻࡝ࠝ࡯࡞⼏ቯᦠ㧔1987 ᐕ㧕ߦ➙߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߢ߽ߎࠇߦ
ኻᔕߒߡࠝ࠱ࡦጀ଻⼔ᴺ߇ᣉⴕߐࠇߚ㧚ⷙ೙ᒝൻߦࠃࠅ಄ಓⓨ⺞ᯏ↪಄ᇦߩᚑಽᄌᦝࠍㄼࠄࠇࠆߎ
ߣߦߥߞߚ㧚಄ᇦߩᄌᦝߪᾲജቇ․ᕈߣᾲャㅍ‛ᕈߩᄌᦝࠍ㥳ߒ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེߩ⸳⸘ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ㧚ᦨೋߦⷙ೙ኻ⽎ߦ਄߇ߞߚ⵾ຠߩߥ߆ߦ
ࠞ࡯ࠢ࡯࡜࡯↪಄ᇦ R-12 ߇޽ࠆ㧚ࠞ࡯ࠢ࡯࡜࡯ߩ
㐿⊒ᜂᒰ⠪ߪ‫ߡ߇߿ޟ‬ⓨ᳇ࠍ಄ᇦߦߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ
޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧫‫⌀ߣޠ‬೶ߦ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡈࡠࡦ಄ᇦ⊓႐એ೨ߩ಄ಓᯏߢߪࠕࡦࡕ࠾ࠕ಄ᇦ
߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚‫ߦࠕ࠾ࡕࡦࠕߚ߹ޟ‬ᚯࠄߑࠆࠍ
ᓧߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧫‫ߊࠃ߽ޠ‬⡊ߦߒߚ໧޿߆ߌ
ߢ޽ࠆ㧚੹ᣣ㧘಄ᇦߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߪ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ௑
ะߩⅣႺਅߢߐࠄߦ෩ߒߐࠍჇߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 NEDO ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ផㅴ߽޽ߞߡࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㑐ᔃߪᦝߦ㜞߹ߞߚ㧚ᄥ㓁ᾲ㧘ᶏᵗ᷷ᐲᏅ㧘ᷓㇱ࿾ᾲߩ೑↪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪࡄࠗࡠ࠶࠻ࡊ
࡜ࡦ࠻ߦࠃࠆ⹜㛎ᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߪવᾲ⎇ⓥ⹹਄㧘ᄐቄવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߥߤ
ߢႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ᜕
⪺‫ޟ‬ᾲ੤឵ᛛⴚ౉㐷‫[ޠ‬16]ࠍ಴ ߒߚ㧚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᦭ല೑↪ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ߚᾲ੤឵ེߩᕈ⢻⹏ଔᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⩆㊁ᢥਣవ↢ߦࠃࠆឭ߽᩺⷗ࠄࠇࠆ[17]㧚
વᾲଦㅴᛛⴚߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ೑↪ല₸ߦࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠍਈ߃ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ฦ⒳ᾲ੤឵ེߩዊဳൻࠍ㥳ߔ㧚1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ㜞߹ࠅࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ߚવᾲଦㅴߩ

ߤߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᄢ߈ߊᄌࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ㧘ߘߩᓟߩ㔚ሶᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐߇㥳ߒߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ㐿⊒ߣ೑↪
ߩߚ߼ߩ೙ᓮᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߢ޽ࠆ㧚⽎ᓽ⊛ߥ଀ߪࠬࡑ࡯࠻ࠣ࡝࠶࠼ߦࠃࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯✚ว೑↪ല₸ߩะ਄ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚࠰࡯࡜࡯࠮࡞ߩຠ⾰ะ਄ߣଔᩰૐ
ਅߪඨዉ૕ߩ↢↥ᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐ߦ⽶߁ߣߎࠈ߇ᄢ
߈޿㧚
 1970 ᐕઍᧃߪ╙ੑᰴࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢ㧔1978 ᐕ㧕ߦ⷗⥰ࠊࠇ㧘ౣ߮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯໧㗴߳ߩኻᔕߦㄼࠄࠇ ߚ 㧚 1980 ᐕ ߦ ᣂ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ࡯ ✚ ว 㐿 ⊒ ᯏ ᭴
㧔NEDO㧕߇⊒⿷ߒ㧘Ꮏᬺᛛⴚ㒮ߦઍࠊߞߡࠛࡀ
࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒⎇ⓥࠍࠃࠅᒝജߦഥᚑߔࠆࠃ
߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦ੹ᣣ߹ߢ⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘1970 ᐕઍߦߪⅣႺ໧㗴ߦ⋡߇ะߌࠄࠇᆎ
߼ߚ㧚࠻࡜ࡦࠬߥߤ㔚᳇ᯏེߩ಄ළᵹ૕ߣߒߡ↪
޿ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚࡐ࡝Ⴎൻࡆࡈࠚ࠾࡯࡞(PCB)ߩᲥᕈ
߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ 1975 ᐕߦ↢↥߇⑌ᱛߦߥߞߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ 1970 ᐕઍᧃߪ㧘ࠝ࠱ࡦጀ⎕უߩน⢻ᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇᆎ߼ߚᤨᦼߢ߽޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ໧㗴ߪߘߩᓟⓨ⺞ᯏ↪಄ᇦߩᄌᦝࠍଦߔߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ൻቇᎿᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ኂߣવᾲߩ㑐ㅪߪᣢߦ 1969ᐕߩવᾲ⎇ⓥ⹹਄ߢᵈᗧ߇༐⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[12]㧚
߹ߚ㧘1974 ᐕߩᄐቄવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߩ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߡ
ᾲ౏ኂߩ໧㗴߇ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᦝߦ 1970 ᐕઍߦߪࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ߇㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼ᆎ߼ߚ㧚৻⦡ዏᰴవ↢߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߚ 1977 ᐕߩᄐቄવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯᡼⺣ળߢߪ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬߩ৻ߟߦߥߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ[13]㧚ߎߩ⸥㍳ߩߥ߆ߦᰴߩ߿ࠅߣࠅ߇⷗
ࠄࠇࠆ㧚̌ม㧦ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩ߁߹ࠇߚ޿߈ߐߟߪ㧫TN㧦ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߪᣣᧄ߳ߪ 5㨪6 ᐕ೨ߦ౉ߞߡ
߈ߚ㧚☨࿖ߢߪ 10 ᐕ೨ߦ޽ߞߚ㧚㧔O ᳁㧦ᤘ๺ 38ᐕߦ౉ߞߡ޿ߚ㧚㧕
⑳߇⍮ߞߚߩߪ 44 ᐕ߆ 45 ᐕߢ㧘⎇ⓥࠍߪߓ߼ߚߩߪ 5㨪6 ᐕ೨ߢߔ㧚ᾲવዉ߇㌃ߩ
ᢙජ୚޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߩߢ㛳޿ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗ
ࡊߪଢ೑ߥࠃ߁ߢਇଢߛ㧚ታ㓙ߩ૶޿㆏߇ߥ޿㧚᫔ߦᲧߴߡવᾲ߇ࠃ޿߇㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪࠦࠬ࠻ߦ߆
߆ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘࠼࠲ࡦࡃߢ૶ࠊࠇߥ޿႐ว߇ᄙ޿㧚̍ ߎߩ޽ߣ㧘᧲ᄢߩ 5 ᦬⑂ߢ㟎὾߈ߦࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗ
ࡊࠍ૶ߞߚ⹤߇಴ߡߊࠆ߇㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪ߹ߛᅢᄸ
ᔃߩኻ⽎ߩၞࠍ಴ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㑐ᔃࠍ㜞߼ߚⷐ࿃ߩ৻ߟߪ㧘1977 ᐕߦቢᚑߒߚࠕ࡜ࠬ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 33 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
⎇ⓥߪ 1980 ᐕઍߦ౉ࠆߣታࠍ⚿߮ᆎ߼ߚ㧚ߣߊߦⓨ⺞ᯏ↪ᾲ੤឵ེߩ⭯ဳൻ߇㗼⪺ߦߥߞߚ㧚ⓨ಄ᾲ੤឵ེߩ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⎇ⓥ߽లታߒ㧘ࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯߆ࠄ߽ᄙᢙߩ⊒⴫߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞ
ߚ㧚ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ࡈࠖࡦ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉᾲ੤឵ེߩᕈ⢻⸘▚ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡟ࡧࡘ࡯߇ἑਅ㧘⮮੗ਔ᳁ߦࠃࠅߥߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ[18]㧚߹ߚ㧘㠽⿧᳁ࠄߪવᾲଦㅴᛛⴚ߇
ฦ⒳ᾲ੤឵ེߦ෸߷ߔࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠍ࡟ࡧࡘ࡯ߒߡ
޿ࠆ[19]㧚
⎇ⓥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬߣߒߡ㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼ߚ߽ߩߩਛߦ㧘㔚႐ઃਈߦࠃࠆવᾲଦㅴ߇޽ࠆ[20]㧚㔚႐ߦࠃࠆવᾲଦㅴലᨐߪᵻᎹാศవ↢߇ 1976 ᐕߦ Nature⹹਄ߢ⊒⴫ߒ[21]㧘ᵻᎹലᨐߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥ
ߞߚ㧚ᵻᎹవ↢ߪવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢ߽ᢙ࿁ߦࠊ
ߚࠅߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߦߟ޿ߡ⻠Ṷߐࠇߚ㧚㔚႐ߦࠃࠆવᾲଦㅴߦߪߘߩᓟᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ขࠅ⚵ࠎߛ㧚
1980 ᐕઍߪቝቮ㑐ㅪߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇⋓ࠎߦߥߞߚᐕઍߢ߽޽ࠆ㧚1990 ᐕઍߦᧄᩰൻߔࠆᄢဳࡠࠤ
࠶࠻ߩᛂߜ਄ߍߣቝቮࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦᑪ⸳߳ะߌߡ
⎇ⓥ߇ᆎ߼ࠄࠇߚ[22,23].
 1990 ᐕઍ
 1990 ᐕઍߪ᭽‫ߥޘ‬㕙ߢォ឵ࠍㄼࠄࠇࠆᤨᦼߢ
޽ߞߚ㧚1980 ᐕઍᓟඨߩࡃࡉ࡞⚻ᷣߪ 1990 ᐕઍೋ߼ߦᄬㅦߒߚ㧚࿖ౝ⚻ᷣߩ஗ṛߪડᬺߩ૕ജࠍ
೥߉㧘ડᬺౝߩၮ␆⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ߦߒࠊነߖ߇෸ࠎߛ㧚ડᬺౝߩવᾲᯏེ㐿⊒⎇ⓥߦ߽ᓇ㗀߇෸߮㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ㒯ߩჇᒝ߇ߘࠇ߹ߢ߶ߤߦߪ⷗ㄟ߼ߥߊߥߞ
ߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེߥߤᓥ᧪ဳߩવᾲᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆᛛⴚ߽㘻๺ၞߦ౉ߞߚ㧚ട߃ߡવᾲᎿቇߩᣂ
ߒ޿ㆡ↪ኻ⽎ߣߒߡ⊓႐ߒߚ㜞ㅦ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ਎⇇ߢ߽ᄌൻ߇↢ߓߚ㧚1980 ᐕઍ߹ߢᄢဳ㜞ㅦ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߪᄢ߈ߥ㔚ജᶖ⾌ࠍ઻߁ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩኻᭂߦ޽ߞߚߩ߇ CMOS ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ㧘CMOS ߪ㔚ථߥߤኾࠄ᳃↢↪ຠߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚CMOS ߪᧄ⾰⊛ߦૐㅦ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ㧘ᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߦߪਇะ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߘߩઁߩᐢ޿↪ㅜߩዷ㐿ߦଦߐࠇ CMOS ᛛⴚߪᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ᡷ⦟ߐࠇ㧘ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜ߣ
ᄥಷᛂߜߢ߈ࠆ߶ߤߦߥߞߚ㧚CMOS ߩ೑ὐߪ㔚ജᶖ⾌߇ዋߥ޿ߎߣߢ㧘1990 ᐕઍߦ౉ࠆߣᄢဳ⸘
▚ᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߪࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜߆ࠄ CMOS ߳ߣォ឵ࠍᆎ߼ߚ㧚ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜ࠍ૶߁⸘▚ᯏߩ಄ළࠦࠬ࠻
߇㜞ߊߥࠅߔ߉ߚߎߣ߽ォ឵ࠍଦߒߚ㧚⸘▚ᯏߩ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 34 -⊒↢ᾲ㊂ߪ⪺ߒߊૐߊߥࠅ㧘㜞ᕈ⢻಄ළᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪᄙߊߩ⸘▚ᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߢਛᱛࠍ૛௾ߥߊ
ߐࠇߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘1990 ᐕઍᓟඨߦߥࠆߣ㔚ሶᯏེߩ⊒ᾲ໧㗴ߪౣ߮ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩઙߦ㑐ߒߡ
ߪᦝߦ 6 ▵ߢㅀߴࠆ㧚 ৻ᣇ㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߣฦ⒳ᯏེߩ೙ᓮߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡜㧔ࡑࠗࠦࡦ㧕ߩ᥉෸ߪᕆㅦ
ߦㅴࠎߛ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐ߪᐢ▸࿐ߢᷓ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍ␠ળߦ෸߷ߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ
[24]㧚ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߣࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩ⿠Ḯߪ
1960 ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ 1970 ᐕઍඨ߫ߦ㆚ࠆ߇㧘20㨪30ᐕࠍ⚻ߡᖱႎ␠ળࠍᡰ߃ࠆၮᧄⷐ⚛ߦᚑ㐳ߒߚ㧚ࡑࠗࠦࡦߪⓨ⺞಄ಓᯏེࠍߪߓ߼޽ࠄࠁࠆᯏེߦ
⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘ᯏེߩᄙᯏ⢻ൻߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ߩะ਄ࠍଦߒߚ㧚ⓨ⺞ᯏߢߪࠗࡦࡃ࡯
࠲࡯೙ᓮ㧘ࡈࠔࠫࠗ೙ᓮߥߤ߇߈߼⚦߆ߊⴕࠊࠇ㧘⋭㔚ജߣ㕒㖸ൻߩലᨐࠍ㥳ߒߚ㧚 ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ߩ᥉෸߇઀੐߿↢ᵴߦࠗࡦࡄࠢ
࠻ࠍਈ߃ᆎ߼ߚߩ߽ 1990 ᐕઍߢ޽ࠆ㧚㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞߿ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ォㅍ߇ᕆㅦߦଢ೑ߦߥߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ⵾ຠ઀᭽ߩ᳿ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ੤឵ࠍኈᤃߦߒ㧘߹ߚ⸳⸘ߦᔅⷐߥ࠺࡯࠲ߩォㅍࠍㄦㅦߦߒ㧘Ꮏᬺ⵾ຠߩ⸳⸘߿㐿⊒ߩ↢↥ᕈߩะ਄ࠍ㥳ߒߚ㧚ᾲ੤឵ེࠍߪߓ߼ฦ⒳ᯏེߩ⸳⸘ߦᔅⷐߥᤨᣣߪ⍴❗ߐࠇߚ㧚ߣࠅࠊߌᢙ୯ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ㧔CFD㧕ࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ↪ㅜߦㆡวߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㐿⊒ߒ㧘ᛛⴚࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣߣ߽ߦ
⸳⸘⠪ߦឭଏߔࠆࡌࡦ࠳࡯߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚ᢙ୯ᵹ૕⸃
ᨆߪ߆ߟߡ㧘ᄢⷙᮨࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩ࠷࡯࡞
ߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ߿಄⬿ᐶߥߤりㄭߥ⵾ຠߩ
⸳⸘࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡ߽᥉෸ߒߚ[25, 26]㧚 ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬᛛⴚࠍᡰ߃ࠆඨዉ૕⵾ㅧᛛⴚ
ߪ㧘ᯏ᪾⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ MEMS ࠺ࡃࠗࠬࠍ߽↢ߺ
಴ߒߚ㧚MEMS ߇⊓႐ߒߚߩߪ 1980 ᐕઍߢ޽ࠆ
߇㧘1990 ᐕઍߦ౉ࠆߣ MEMS ⵾ຠߩ↢↥㊂߇િ߮ᆎ߼ߚ㧚MEMS ᛛⴚߩ⊒㆐ߪ಄ළ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߳ߩ
ㆡ↪ࠍଦߒ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞಄ළེ߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ߞߚ㧚 వߦ߽⸥ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ[1]㧘1990 ᐕઍߦߪᄙߊߩᜰ
ᮡ߇㧘㊂⊛᜛ᄢᤨઍߩ⚳Ὣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળ⹹ߣવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆવᾲ⎇ⓥߩ࠹
࡯ࡑࠍ৻ⷩߔࠆߣ㧘ᄙ᭽ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ
߆ࠆ㧚ᓥ᧪߆ࠄߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㐿⊒⎇ⓥߪ NEDO ߥߤߩഥᚑ߽޽ߞߡㅪ✎ߣ⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠦࠫࠚࡀ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ߩะ਄ࠍ⋡ᜰߔๆ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
෼ᑼࡅ࡯࠻ࡐࡦࡊߥߤ߇㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼ߚ㧚ᾲ੤឵ེߩዊဳ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߪᒁ߈⛯߈㑐ᔃࠍ㓸߼ߚ࠹࡯ࡑߢ㧘․㓸ภ߇⚵߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ[27]㧚ⅣႺ໧㗴߽᳗⛯࠹࡯ࡑߢ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌ࿾⃿ߩ᷷ᥦൻ௑ะ߇㗼⪺ߦߥࠅ㧘㑐ㅪߔࠆ࠹࡯ࡑ߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ᒝൻߐࠇߚ㧚಄ᾲࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩߚ߼ߩᣂ಄ᇦߣᾲ੤឵ེᕈ⢻ߩ㑐ㅪ߇
㊀ⷐ࠹࡯ࡑߦߥߞߚ㧚ዊጊ❥㧘⮮੗ືਔవ↢߇ᷙว಄ᇦߩᾲ੤឵ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹦ߒ޿࡟ࡧࡘ࡯ࠍⴕߞߡ
޿ࠆ[28]㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᓥ᧪߆ࠄ㑐ᔃߪᛄࠊࠇߡߪ޿ߚ
߇ዋᢙᵷߢ޽ߞߚ࠹࡯ࡑߦ㑐ߔࠆ⊒⴫߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚↢૕㧘㘩ຠ㧘ㄘᬺߥߤߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠆ㧚 1990 ᐕઍߩવᾲ⎇ⓥߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߽߁৻ߟߩ․ᓽߪ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢਥߣߒߡℂቇߩ▸⇵ߦ޽ߞߚ࠹࡯
ࡑߦ㑐ᔃ߇㓸߹ߞߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ዊ┻ㅴవ↢߇ਥዉߐࠇߚಽሶേജቇߩવᾲ㗔ၞ߳ߩᔕ↪ߪ 1990ᐕઍߦᕆㅦߦㅴࠎߛ㧚ࠞࠝࠬℂ⺰㧘ᾲജቇ╙ੑᴺೣߥߤߩᔕ↪߽⥝๧ࠍ㓸߼ߚ㧚વᾲᯏེߦ⋥ធ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࠹࡯ࡑߩߥ߆ߢᄢ߈ߥ㑐ᔃࠍ๭ࠎߛߩߪ࠼
࡝࡯ࡓࡄࠗࡊߣ⥄ബᝄേᑼࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠼࡝࡯ࡓࡄࠗࡊߪ Kurzweg ߣ Zhao ߩ⺰ᢥ[29]ߦ┵ࠍ⊒ߒ㧘ᾲᵹ૕࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩᣂේℂߣฃߌᱛ߼ࠄࠇ
ߚ㧚࠼࡝࡯ࡓࡄࠗࡊߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡟ࡧࡘ࡯ߪዊỈ቞వ↢߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ[30]㧚⥄ബᝄേᑼࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߪ
᳇ᵃߣᶧ႙߇ᷙ࿷ߔࠆ㐽Ⱜⴕ▤ౝߢ⊒↢ߔࠆᝄേᵹࠍᾲャㅍߦ೑↪ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘⿒࿾ਭノ᳁ߩ․⸵
ߣ㐿⊒߇㑐ᔃࠍ༐⿠ߒߚ[31]㧚ߎࠇࠄ࠹࡯ࡑߩ࡟
ࡧࡘ࡯ߪ⷏የ⨃ᢥవ↢߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ[32]㧚
 2000 ᐕઍ વᾲ⎇ⓥߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ 2000 ᐕઍߩ․ᓽߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ࠹࡯ࡑߦኻߔࠆ⎇ⓥߩᷓൻߢ޽ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળ⹹ߣવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߆ࠄ࠹࡯ࡑฬ
ࠍ৻ⷩߔࠆߣ㧘Άᢱ㔚ᳰ㧘㔚ሶᯏེ಄ළ㧘⫾಄ᾲⵝ⟎㧘㜞ᕈ⢻ᾲ੤឵ེ㧘ዊဳࠟࠬ࠲࡯ࡆࡦ㧘㜞᷷ࠟࠬἹ㧘ਛဳシ᳓Ἱ㧘ๆ෼ᑼࡅ࡯࠻ࡐࡦࡊ㧘లႯጀ㧘ᄥ㓁ᾲ೑↪㧘╬‫⊓ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޘ‬႐ߒߚ߽ߩ߇
ᄙ޿㧚ቝቮ㐿⊒߽゠㆏ߦਸ਼ࠅ㧘ᓸዊ㊀ജⅣႺਅߩવᾲ໧㗴߽ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠕࠗ࠺ࠕߪᣢߦ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ⅣႺ໧㗴߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦଦߐࠇ㧘ᡷ߼ߡข⚵ߩኻ⽎ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚
CO2 ߥߤࡁࡦࡈࡠࡦ಄ᇦࠍ૞േᇦ૕ߦߒߚ಄ಓ·ࡅ࡯࠻ࡐࡦࡊࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩ⹜૞⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ[33]㧚
࠹࡯ࡑฬߪᄌࠊࠄߥߊߡ߽㧘⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦ↪޿ࠆ࠷࡯࡞ߩ⊒㆐ߦߪ⋡ࠍ⷗ᒛࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ㧘੹ᣣ߽⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦߪࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬᛛⴚߩᐢ▸વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 35 -

࿐ߦࠊߚࠆᶐㅘ߇ᡰ߃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ⸃ᨆߣ⸳⸘⸘▚ߦ↪޿ࠆ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡߩ CFDࠦ࡯࠼ߪࠃࠅలታߒ㧘߹ߚᄢⷙᮨᢙ୯໧㗴ߩ⸃ᴺߦ߽ㅴዷ߇޽ߞߚ[34]㧚ട߃ߡࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶
ࠨᛛⴚߩㅴዷߪ⪺ߒߊ㧘߆ߟߡᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߢⴕߞߡ޿ߚᾲᵹ૕ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇㧘࠺ࠬࠢ࠻࠶ࡊ
ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ㧘ᦝߦࡁ࡯࠻ࡉ࠶ࠢࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߢ߽ⴕ߃ࠆ
ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚CFD ࠦ࡯࠼ࡌࡦ࠳࡯߽Ⴧ߃㧘ࡌࡦ࠳࡯㑆ߩ┹੎ߪࠦ࡯࠼ߩ૶޿߿ߔߐࠍჇߔߣߣ߽
ߦ㧘ࠦ࡯࠼࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ੱญࠍᕆㅦߦ᜛ᄢߒߚ㧚ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࠷࡯࡞ߩ᥉෸ߪ৻ᣇߢ⸳⸘⸃ᨆߦ㓙ߒ‛ℂ⊛ᵢኤࠍ⋭޿ߡߒ߹߁ᑷኂ߽᜗޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ⸘᷹࠷࡯࡞ߩ⊒㆐߽વᾲᯏེߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࠍᷓൻߐߖߚ㧚଀߃߫㧘PEFC Άᢱ㔚ᳰߩ㔚ᭂ᭴ㅧߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸳⸘⺖㗴߇޽ࠆ㧚ⓨ᳇㔚ᭂߢ↢ᚑߔࠆ᳓߇ṛ⇐ߔࠆߣ㔚ᳰᕈ⢻߇ૐਅߔࠆ㧚᳓ߩ㒰෰ࠍኈᤃߦ
ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ㔚ᭂ᭴ㅧ⸳⸘ߪᕈ⢻ࠍ㐳ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅ⛽ᜬߔࠆߩߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚વᾲ⎇ⓥ⹹ߦΆᢱ㔚ᳰౝㇱߢߩ฽᳓㊂߿㔚⸃ᶧߩ᜼േࠍ⺞ߴࠆ⸘᷹ᴺ߇
⸃⺑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[35]㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᖱႎߪΆᢱ㔚ᳰᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ⸘᷹ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
ߪ㧘࠮ࡦࠨ࡯߆ࠄߩᄢ㊂ߩࠪࠣ࠽࡞ࠍ㜞ㅦಣℂߔ
ࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩㅴᱠߦ⽶߁ߣߎࠈ߇ᄢ߈
޿㧚ߎߩ߶߆ᯏེౝㇱߩⶄ㔀ߥᵹࠇߩ⸘᷹ߦ PIV
⸘᷹߇᥉෸ߒߚ㧚PIV ⸘᷹ߪേ↹௝߆ࠄߩᖱႎࠍ
ಣℂߔࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘ߎࠇ߽ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩ⊒㆐ߥߒߦߪฟࠊߧ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆߽ାภಣℂᛛⴚߣࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߪ੹ᣣ߽ᕆㅦߦ⊒㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚વᾲᯏེౝㇱߩᾲᵹേߦ㑐ߒ⋉‫⼾ޘ‬ንߥᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘
ᯏེᕈ⢻ߩะ਄ߦᓎ┙ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ৻ᣇ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߣߎࠇࠍၮᧄࠛ࡟ࡔ
ࡦ࠻ߣߔࠆฦ⒳㔚ሶᯏེߩ㜞ㅦ㜞ᯏ⢻ൻ߇ㅴߺ㧘⊒ᾲ໧㗴߇ౣ߮⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߦߥߞߚ㧚ࡁ࡯࠻ࡄ࠰ࠦ
ࡦ╲૕ߩ⭯ဳൻ߇┹੎ߢㅴ߼ࠄࠇ㧘೙⚂ߐࠇߚⓨ㑆ߩߥ߆ߢᾲャㅍߣ᡼ᾲߩ⚻〝ࠍ⸳ߌߨ߫ߥࠄߥ
ߊߥߞߚ㧚࠺ࠬࠢ࠻࠶ࡊߘߩઁߩࠢ࡜ࠬߩࠦࡦࡇ
ࡘ࡯࠲ߢ߽㧘⒟ᐲߩᏅߪ޽ࠇ㧘಄ළߦ૶߃ࠆⓨ㑆ߪ❗ዊߒߚ㧚ߎࠇߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ዊဳ㜞ᕈ⢻಄ළ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚વᾲ⹹ߦ‫ޟ‬ዊߐߥવᾲᯏེ‫․ޠ‬㓸߇⚵߹ࠇ㧘ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ㧘ࡍ࡞࠴ࠛ಄ළེ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ᾲ੤឵ེߥߤߩ⁁ᴫ߇⸃⺑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[36]㧚߹ߚ㧘೎ߩ․㓸ภ[37]ߢߪ㧘᳃↢ᯏེ߿ቝቮᯏེߥߤߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ⊒ᾲ໧㗴ߣᾲ⸳⸘଀߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚㔚ሶ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ᯏེ಄ළ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߪવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩᏱㅪ࠮
࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦߥߞߚ㧚 2000 ᐕઍߦߪ⚻ᷣߩࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻ߇ㅴߺ㧘࿖ౝߦ߅ߌࠆ⵾ㅧᬺߩⓨᵢൻ߇ ᔨߐࠇ㧘ߎߩ ᔨߪ੹ᣣ߽⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ㧚‫ߩޠࠅߊߠߩ߽ޟ‬㝯ജࠍ⧯޿਎ઍߩ
ੱߚߜߦ⸷߃㧘↢↥ᬺߩ࿖ౝቯ⌕ࠍ⋡ᜰߔദജ߇ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚദജߪቇળ㧘ቭ㧘ડᬺߦࠃࠆ౒
ห૞ᬺߢ޽ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળ⹹ߢߪ‫․ޠࠅߊߠߩ߽ޟ‬㓸[38]㧘
‫↥↢ޟ‬ᛛⴚߣᾲ‫․ޠ‬㓸[39]㧘
‫⵾ޟ‬ㅧ⃻႐ߢߩᾲࡑ
ࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻‫․ޠ‬㓸[40]߇⚵߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚વᾲࠪࡦࡐ
ࠫ࠙ࡓߢ߽↢↥ᛛⴚ㑐ㅪߩ⊒⴫߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚ߐߡ㧘਄⸥ߪવᾲᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩㅴዷࠍ㧘ᤨ♽೉ߢ᭎ⷰߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᰴߩᢙ▵ߢߪવᾲᯏེߩ⒳㘃ߏߣߦ㧘ᛛⴚߩታ↪ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆⷐ࿃ߩ᭎⺑ࠍߔࠆ㧚㧚ⓨ᳇ᾲ੤឵ེ㧦ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ೙⚂ߩߥ߆ߢߩᎿᄦⓨ᳇ᾲ੤឵ེߩઍ⴫⊛ߥᒻᘒߪ㧘⥄േゞ↪࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲㧔࿑ 4(a)㧕ߣࡈࠖࡦ·࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉᾲ੤឵ེ㧔ห(b)㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ߢߪᚳᐔ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߦ㊄ዻᏪࠍ᛬ࠅᦛߍߡࠈ߁ઃߌߒߡࡈࠖࡦ㧔ࠦ࡞ࠥ࡯࠻
ࡈࠖࡦ㧕ߣߒ㧘ࡈࠖࡦ㕙ߦߪવᾲଦㅴ↪ߩಾࠅ⿠ߎߒ㧔࡞࡯ࡃ㧕᭴ㅧࠍ⸳ߌߡ޽ࠆ㧚⌀㎕࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߣ㌃ࡈࠖࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾ࡘ࡯ࡓࠍ↪޿ࠇ߫シ㊂ߦߥࠆ߇㧘⥄േゞߩⅣႺߢߪ⠴ਭᕈߦ ᔨ߇޽ߞߚ㧚ᦨㄭߢߪࠕ࡞ࡒ࡜ࠫ
ࠛ࡯࠲ߩ⠴ਭᕈะ਄ߦㅴᱠ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚࿑ 5 ߪ࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ߩᛛⴚേะࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ[41]㧘࿑ 3 ߣ߶߷หߓᤨᦼ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ 1950 ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ 1970 ᐕઍඨ߫߹ߢߩ࠺࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ૉߒ㧘࿑ 5 ߢߪዊဳシ㊂ൻߦነਈߒߚ࿃ሶࠍ⸥ߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚1963 ᐕ㗃߹ߢߩዊဳシ㊂ൻߦߪࡊ࡟࡯࠻ࡈࠖࡦߩ⭯⡺ൻߣ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ⚦ᓘൻ߇ነਈߒߡ޿ߚ㧚1965 ᐕߩዋߒ೨߆
ࠄࠦ࡞ࠥ࡯࠻ࡈࠖࡦ߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘
1957 ᐕᤨὐߩ୯ߣᲧߴ㊀㊂ߢ 40㧑ㄭ޿ᷫ㊂㧘ኈⓍ
ߢ 50㧑ㄭ޿ዊဳൻࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⠴࿶᭴ㅧߩᒝൻߦࠃࠅ಄ළ᳓ߩ࿶ജࠍ㜞߼㧘᳓᷷ߣᄢ᳇᷷ߣ
ߩᏅࠍᄢ߈ߊߒߚߎߣ߽ዊဳൻߦᄢ߈ߊነਈߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲᏷ߩᷫዋ㧘࡞࡯ࡃࡈࠖࡦߩណ
↪ߥߤߦࠃࠅዊဳシ㊂ൻߩദജ߇ᛄࠊࠇߚ㧚⥄േゞ↪ߩⓨ⺞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆࠦࡦࡐ࡯ࡀ
ࡦ࠻ߩ߁ߜ㧘⫳⊒ེߪਸ਼ቴࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߦធߒߡ⟎߆ࠇࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ⫳⊒ེߦኻߒߡዊဳൻߩⷐ᳞߇ᦨ߽
ᒝ޿㧚࿑ 6 ߦ⥄േゞ↪ࠛࠕࠦࡦߩ⫳⊒ེ߇ዊဳൻ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 36 -

࿑ 4 ⓨ᳇ᾲ੤឵ེߩઍ⴫⊛ᒻᘒ

࿑ 5 ⥄േゞ↪࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ߩዊဳシ㊂ൻ[41]࿑ 6 ⥄േゞⓨ⺞↪⫳⊒ེߩዊဳൻ[42]ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ⿲൓ࠍ␜ߔ[42]㧚ᒰೋߪ㧘ㅢᏱߩⓨ⺞ᯏߣหᒻᘒߩ౞▤ߣࡊ࡟࡯࠻ࡈࠖࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ᚳᐔ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߣࠦ࡞ࠥ࡯࠻ࡈ
ࠖࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ᒻᘒ߇ណ
↪ߐࠇߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ಄ᇦ஥ߩવᾲଦㅴ㧘಄ᇦࡄࠬߩ
ᡷ⦟ߥߤߦࠃࠅዊဳൻ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚ᾲ੤឵ེߩᒻᘒࠍ᳿߼ࠆⷐ࿃ߪ㧘↢↥ࠦࠬ࠻ߣࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߩⷐ᳞ߣߩ⋧ኻᲧߢ޽ࠆߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ
߇಴᧪ࠆ㧚⥄േゞ↪ߢߪࠦࠬ࠻߽൩⺰㊀ⷐߥ࿃ሶ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߩⷐ᳞߇ᒝߊ㧘࡜ࠫࠛ࡯࠲ᒻᘒ߇ᐢߊណ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᚳᐔ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߪⓨ᳇ᵹߦኻߔࠆᛶ᛫߇ዋߥ޿㧚ࡈࠖࡦߣ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩ
ធวߦ߽ࠈ߁ઃߌ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦᲧߴ㧘৻⥸ߩⓨ⺞ᯏߢߪࠦࠬ࠻ૐᷫߩⷐ᳞߇෩ߒ޿㧚ᾲ੤឵ེߩ⵾ᴺߪ࿑ 7 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ሹ޽߈ࠕ࡞ࡒ
ࡈࠖࡦࠍ㊀ߨ㧘㌃౞▤ࠍሹߦㅢߒ㧘▤ࠍᯏ᪾⊛ߦ
࿑ 8 ࡈࠖࡦ㕙ߩવᾲଦㅴߦ㑐ߔࠆೋᦼߩ⎇ⓥ[43]࿑ 7 ⓨ⺞↪ᾲ੤឵ེߩ⵾ㅧᎿ⒟ᐢߍߡࡈࠖࡦߣኒ⌕ߐߖࠆ㧚ᯏ᪾᜛▤ᣇᑼߣ๭߫
ࠇ㧘ᦨ߽቟ଔߥ⵾ᴺߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᯏ᪾᜛▤ᣇᑼߢ޽ࠆ
ߣ಄ᇦㅢ〝ߪ౞▤ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ઁߩᣇᴺ㧘଀߃߫᳓࿶᜛▤ࠍ↪޿ࠆߣᚳᐔ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߢ߽᜛▤ߢ߈ࠆ߇㧘ᯏ᪾᜛▤ᴺߦᲧߴ⸳஻⾌߇߆߆ࠅ᥉෸ߒߡ޿
ߥ޿㧚⚿ዪ㧘ⓨ⺞↪ᾲ੤឵ེߩᕈ⢻ะ਄ߦߪ౞▤ߣࡈࠖࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ߇೨ឭߣߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘౞▤ߣࡈࠖࡦߩ㑆ߩធ⸅ᾲᛶ᛫߽⸘▚ߦ౉ࠇߥߌࠇ߫
ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ೙⚂ߩ߽ߣߢ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᕈ⢻ะ਄╷߇ណࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚߹ߕࡈࠖࡦ㕙਄ߢⓨ᳇ᵹࠇߩႺ⇇ጀࠍಽᢿߔࠆߚ߼ߩฦ⒳⴫㕙᭴ㅧ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ㧚
࿑ 8 ߦ 1970 ᐕઍߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ⴫㕙᭴ㅧߩ଀ࠍ␜ߔ[43]㧚ߎࠇࠄߩߥ߆ߢᏀ߆ࠄ 2 ⇟⋡ߩࠬ࡝࠶࠻ࡈࠖࡦߣ๭߫ࠇࠆᒻᘒ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߚ㧔࿑ 11㧕㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ࠬ࡝࠶࠻ߩኸᴺ㧔᏷ 2 mm → 1 mm㧕ߣ㈩⟎㧘ࡈࠖࡦࡇ࠶࠴ߩ❗ዊ㧔2 mm → 1.5 mm㧕㧘౞▤ߩ⚦ᓘൻ㧔9.5 mm → 7 mm㧕ߣ㈩⟎ߥߤߩᡷ⦟╷߇ណࠄࠇ㧘࿑ 9 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦⓨ᳇஥ߩવᾲᕈ⢻ะ਄ߦነਈߒߚ[44]㧚ߎ߁ߒߚᡷ⦟߇ㅴࠎߛ⢛᥊ߦߪᢙ୯ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ࠷࡯࡞ߩ⊒㆐߇޽ࠆ㧚࿑ 10 ߦ଀[45]ࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡈࠖࡦߩᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ߇㥳ߔવᾲଦㅴലᨐࠍ㧘ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߥߊ⺞ߴࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁
ߦߥߞߚ㧚ᢙ୯ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ࠷࡯࡞ߩല↪ߪ㧘ⓨ⺞ᯏౝㇱߢߩᾲ੤឵ེߩ㈩⟎ᦨㆡൻ㧘಄ᇦᵹಽጘߩ⸳
⸘ߥߤᄙᣇ㕙ߦ෸ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘಄ᇦㅢ〝ߢ޽ࠆ▤ౝߦ߽વᾲଦㅴ᭴ㅧ߇

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 9 ࡈࠖࡦ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉᾲ੤឵ེߩ
ᕈ⢻ะ਄[44]࿑ 10 ࡈࠖࡦᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍ᳿߼ࠆߚ߼ߩ
ᢙ୯ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ଀[45]⸳ߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ౝ㕙Ḵઃ߈▤ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘ೋᦼߩḴ᭴ㅧ[46]ߣᦨㄭߩ㕖౒ᴣ಄ᇦߦኻᔕߔࠆ
᭴ㅧ[47, 48]ࠍ࿑ 11 ߦ␜ߔ㧚
ߎࠇࠄฦ⒳ߩવᾲଦㅴ᭴ㅧߩ㐿⊒ߦߪ↢↥ᛛⴚ߇ᄢ߈ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠦࠬ࠻ૐᷫߩⷐ᳞
߆ࠄࡈࠖࡦߩෘߐߪẋᰴᷫዋߒ㧘1973 ᐕߦ 0.20mm ߆ࠄ 0.18 mm㧘1975 ᐕߦ 0.15 mm㧘1980 ᐕߦ
0.13 mm㧘2003 ᐕߦߪ 0.105 mm ߹ߢߦߥߞߚ[49,45]㧚⭯⡺ࡈࠖࡦߪ㧘⚵ߺ┙ߡᤨ߅ࠃ߮૶↪ᤨߩࡈࠖࡦᄌᒻߦኻߔࠆ଻⼔╷ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߚ㧚ౝ㕙Ḵઃ߈᭴ㅧߪᯏ᪾᜛▤ߩ㓙㧘ᯏ᪾⊛ᛶ᛫߇ዋߥߊ㧘᜛- 37 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

࿑ 12 ᴣ㛛વᾲ▤‫ ࡞࠮ࠢࠛࡕ࡯ࠨޟ‬E‫ޠ‬࿑ 11 ⓨ⺞↪ᾲ੤឵ེߦ߅ߌࠆ
વᾲଦㅴᛛⴚ[46, 47, 48]

ࠆࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ㧚⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦᔅⷐߥੱ㧘ࡕࡁ㧘ࠞࡀࠍឥ߃ࠆߦߪ㧘᭽‫ߜߚੱߥޘ‬ߩℂ⸃ߣᡰេࠍ᳞߼ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߎࠇࠄᡰេߔࠆ┙႐ߩੱߚߜߪ಄ಓⓨ⺞ߩᛛⴚߦᔅߕߒ߽
⹦ߒߊߥ޿㧚Ꮏᬺᛛⴚ㒮ߩᜂᒰቭߦߪᣣෳߒߡᛛ
ⴚ⺑᣿ࠍߒߚ㧚࿖߆ࠄ⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㐿⊒⵬ഥ㊄߇੤ઃߐࠇࠆߣ㧘⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߦᧄ⣶߇౉ࠆߣ੔߁೽ᰴ
ലᨐ߽⷗ㄟ߹ࠇߚ㧚ߎ߁ߒߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚવᾲ▤ߦߪ‫ࠆߥޠ࡞࠮ࠢࠛࡕ࡯ࠨޟ‬໡ຠฬ߇ઃߌࠄࠇ㧘⫳⊒ེ↪વᾲ▤ߦߪ‫ޟ‬E‫ޠ‬㧘ಝ❗ེ↪વᾲ▤ߦߪ‫ޟ‬C‫ޠ‬ߥࠆࠨࡉ⸥ภࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚࿑ 12 ߪ‫࡞࠮ࠢࠛࡕ࡯ࠨޟ‬E‫ߩޠ‬ᄖⷰ౮⌀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚▤ᄖ⴫㕙ߩᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦࠃࠅ಄ᇦߩᩭᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐߇ଦㅴߐࠇ㧘▤ౝࠍㅢࠆ᳓ࠍ಄߿ߔ㧚 ࿑ 13 ߦ▤ᄖߦᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍ⸳ߌࠆടᎿᎿ⒟ࠍ␜
ߔ㧚వߕ㧘౞▤ߩᄖ㕙ߦᵻ޿Ḵࠍ⸳ߌ(knurling)㧘
ᰴߦಾ೥ࡃࠗ࠻ߢࡈࠖࡦࠍಾࠅ⿠ߎߔ(bit cutting)㧚
ߎߩᎿ⒟ߢ‫ ࡞࠮ࠢࠛࡕ࡯ࠨޟ‬C‫߇ޠ‬಴᧪ࠆ㧚ᦝߦࡠ࡯࡞ߢࡈࠖࡦߩవ┵ࠍኢ߆ߖࠆ㧔rolling㧕ߣ㧘‫ࠨޟ‬࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ E‫߇ޠ‬಴᧪ࠆ㧚࿑ 14 ߦ㧘⴫㕙᭴ㅧߩᢿ㕙᜛ᄢ౮⌀ࠍ␜ߔ㧚⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߪᒰೋ㧘⫳⊒ེ↪ߩᴣ㛛વᾲ▤ࠍኻ⽎ߦᆎ߼ࠄࠇߚ㧚಄ಓᯏ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߩߥ߆ߢ⫳⊒ེ߇
ᦨᄢߩኈⓍࠍභ߼ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᒰᤨ㧘ᴣ㛛ଦㅴ᭴ㅧࠍ⸳ߌߚવᾲ▤ߦߪ࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠞ
࡯ࡃࠗ࠼␠ߩ High Flux ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ߇޽ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ▤ᄖ⴫㕙ߦ㊄ዻ☳ᧃߩ὾⚿ጀࠍ⸳ߌߚ߽ߩߢ㧘὾⚿ጀߪᄙᢙߩ᳇ᵃ⊒↢ᩭࠍౝ൮ߔࠆᄙሹ᭴ㅧߦ
ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑ 15 ߦ⴫㕙᭴ㅧߩ⺑᣿࿑ࠍ␜ߔ㧚High Flux ߪࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻ߩ⫳⊒ེߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘࡙࠾ࠝࡦࠞ࡯ࡃࠗ࠼␠ߩవⴕ㐿⊒ߪ‫ࠨޟ‬▤ᓟߦ⪺ߒߊᄌᒻߒߥ޿߽ߩࠍㆬ߱ᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚ
[50]㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠕ࡞ࡒ⴫㕙ߩಣℂᛛⴚ߽ㅴᱠߒ㧘⠴ਭᕈߣ⫳⊒ེࡈࠖࡦ⴫㕙ߩⷫ᳓ᕈ߇ᡷ⦟ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆ[51]㧚
㧚಄ಓᯏ↪ᾲ੤឵ེ㧦Ꮢ႐ⅣႺߣߩࡑ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ ࡆ࡞ⓨ⺞↪ߩ಄ಓᯏߦߪᄢ೎ߒߡ⫳᳇࿶❗ࠍ઻߁࠲࡯ࡏ಄ಓᯏߣๆ෼ᑼ಄ಓᯏ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᧄ▵ߢㅀߴࠆߩߪ࠲࡯ࡏ಄ಓᯏߩᾲ੤឵ེ↪ߦ㐿⊒ߒߚવᾲ▤ߢ޽ࠆ㧚⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩ⚻✲ߦ㑐ߒߡߪᣢߦ‫ޟ‬વᾲ‫ޠ‬47 Ꮞ 200 ภ[52]ߦ⹦ߒߊ⸥ߒߚߩߢ㧘ߎߎߢߪⷐ⚂ߣ⵬⿷ࠍ⸥ߔ㧚 㐿⊒ࠍଦߒߚⷐ࿃ߦߪ 1970 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߩࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߣ㧘หᤨᦼߦ↢ߓߚ㜞ጀࡆ࡞ߩⓨ⺞㔛ⷐ߇޽ߞߚ㧚ࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯೑↪ല₸ߩะ਄ࠍᦨఝవ⺖㗴ߦ᛼ߒ਄ߍߚ㧚ㅢ໡↥ᬺ⋭Ꮏᬺᛛⴚ㒮߇⋭ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߩᓟ᛼ߒࠍߔࠆ
ߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘ᾲ੤឵ེߩᕈ⢻ะ਄߇㊀ⷐ࠹࡯ࡑߩ
৻ߟߦߥߞߚ㧚㜞ጀࡆ࡞㑐ㅪߩ㔛ⷐߪ㧘಄ಓᯏߩ಄ಓ⢻ജߣභ᦭ᐥ㕙ⓍߩᲧࠍ㊀ⷐߥዤᐲߦߒߚ㧚ߣߊߦᣂኋ೽ㇺᔃߩࠃ߁ߦ࿯࿾ଔᩰ߇㜞޿႐ᚲߢߪ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߢߒ߆߽಄ಓኈ㊂ߩᄢ߈޿಄ಓᯏ
ߦኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐ߇ᒝ޿㧚ห᭽ߥ࠾࡯࠭ߪ㋶ጊߩဒ㆏ߦ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ណជ႐ᚲߩᷓᐲ߇Ⴧߔ৻ᣇ㧘૞ᬺ
ⅣႺߩᡷༀ߇ᦸ߹ࠇ㧘ߎࠇߦ઻޿ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߢᒝ
ജߥ಄ಓᯏߦኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐ߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ㔛ⷐߪᶏᄖߢᒝ߹ࠅ㧘಄ಓᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߦߣߞߡャ಴Ꮢ႐߇ᐢ߇ߞߚ㧚 ߎ߁ߒߚ⢛᥊ߩ߽ߣߦ಄ಓᯏ↪ᾲ੤឵ེߦ㑐ߔ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 38 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

࿑ 13 ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞᭴ㅧߩടᎿᎿ⒟࿑ 16 ฦ⒳⴫㕙᭴ㅧߢᓧࠄࠇߚᴣ㛛ᦛ✢
㧔R-11, 0.1 MPa㧕ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢ৻⥸ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚࡠ࡯ࡈࠖࡦ
࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߩవ┵ࠍ㧘
࿑ 15 ߦᢿ㕙ࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦࡠ࡯
࡞ߢẩߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ߣ⇣ߥࠅ㧘⴫⊹ൻߩⓨᵢߣ಄ᇦ஥ߣߪㅪ⛯ߒߚḴߢߟߥ߇ߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ㧚
࿑ 16 ߦฦ⒳⴫㕙᭴ㅧߢᓧࠄࠇߚᴣ㛛વᾲᕈ⢻ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ E ߣ GEWA-T ߩᕈ⢻ߩᏅߦߪ㐿ሹᒻᘒ߇ᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ E ߢߪ੕޿ߦ⁛┙ߒߚ㐿ሹ߇ᄙᢙਗࠎߢ߅ࠅ㧘᳇ᵃߩᚑ㐳㔌⣕ߣ⴫⊹ਅⓨᵢౝ߳ߩ಄ᇦᶧๆᒁࠍಽᜂߒߡ޿ࠆ[53]㧚৻ᣇ GEWA-T ߩㅪ⛯㐿ሹߢߪ⫳᳇ᵃ⊒↢ߩേࠨࠗࠢ࡞߇⇣ߥࠅ㧘વᾲᕈ⢻ߦᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿㧚ಝ❗ེ↪વᾲ▤ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ C ߩᕈ⢻ߪࡠ࡯ࡈࠖࡦ▤㧔18 fins/inch㧕ߦᲧߴ㧘ᾲવ㆐₸ߦߒߡ 3 ୚߆ࠄ 4
୚ߢ޽ࠆ[54]㧚
࿑ 17 ߦ಄ಓᯏߩኈⓍࠍ❗ዊߒߚ଀ࠍ␜ߔ㧚಄ಓᯏߩዊဳൻߦߪ▤ᄖ㕙᭴ㅧߩ߶߆㧘᳓߇ㅢࠆ▤ౝߦ߽࡝ࡉࠍ⸳ߌߡવᾲଦㅴࠍ࿑ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦ࿶❗ᯏࠍᡷ⦟ߒߚߎߣ߽ነਈߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿶❗ᯏ߆ࠄ಄ᇦߦṁ಴ߔࠆẢṖᴤ߇વᾲ▤ᕈ⢻ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ
㗀߽⺞ߴߚ㧚ᓸ⚦⴫㕙᭴ㅧߦߪታ૶↪ᤨߦ⋡⹣߹ࠅߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣߩ ᔨ߇৻⥸ߦߪ޽ࠆ㧚ᐘ޿㧘ⓨ⺞ᯏߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆ಄ᇦ㧘⍹ᴤൻቇࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻ߢ
ᛒࠊࠇࠆᵹ૕ߪṁᇦߣߒߡߩᕈ⾰ࠍ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘࿑ 14 ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞᭴ㅧߩᢿ㕙౮⌀

࿑ 15 High Flux ߣ GEWA-T ▤ߩ⴫㕙ᢿ㕙᭴ㅧ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞‫ߩޠ‬㐿⊒ߦ㓙ߒߡෳ⠨ߦߥߞߚ㧚ૉߒ㧘὾⚿Ꮏ⒟ߦⷐߔࠆ⸳஻⾌ߣ⚻⾌ߪᄢဳࡊ࡜ࡦ
࠻↪ㅜߥࠄߣ߽߆ߊ㧘ⓨ⺞↪ㅜߦߪㆊᄢߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿑ 13 ߩࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ടᎿᎿ⒟ߪ㌃⵾ຠߩᯏ᪾
ടᎿࠍ㐳ᐕߦࠊߚࠅᚻដߌߡ߈ߚ㧔ᩣ㧕ᣣ┙㔚✢ߥࠄߢߪߩ⌕ᗐߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆߽ᄢ߈ߥ೑ὐߪ㧘৻ߟߩടᎿ⸳஻ߢಝ❗ེ↪ߣ⫳⊒ེ↪ߩવᾲ▤ࠍ⵾ㅧ಴᧪ࠆߎߣߦ޽ߞߚ㧚 ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞߇ታ↪ߦߥࠅ⹤㗴ࠍ๭߱ߣ㧘ห⒳᭴ㅧߩ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇ઁ␠ߢ߽ᵴ⊒ߦߥߞߚ㧚
Wieland ␠㧔⁛㧕߆ࠄߪ GEWA-T ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ߇⊒⴫

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 39 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
࠻ࡄࠗࡊߦߒߡ㧘ਛ߹ߢᾲ߇⦟ߊㅢࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ
଀߇޽ࠆ㧚ታ㓙ߦ⽼ᄁߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߦߣߞߡᐢ޿↪ㅜ߇㐿ߌߚߩߪ
1990 ᐕઍඨ߫߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߩ᥉෸ߢ޽
ࠆ㧚
࿑ 18 ߪᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ↢↥㊂⛔
⸘ߢ޽ࠆ[9]㧚ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߩ߶߆ࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯㧘ࡢ࡯ࠢࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߥߤߩ⸘▚ᯏ߇ᄙ᭽ߥ⋡⊛ߦ૶ࠊࠇᆎ
߼㧘㔚ሶᯏེߪ⚻ᷣ㧘↥ᬺߣᏒ᳃↢ᵴߩ㓈‫ߦޘ‬ᶐㅘߒߚ㧚1996 ᐕߩᣣ⚻ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ⹹ߦߪ
‫ࡦࠦ࠰ࡄޟ‬ᡰ㈩ߩ᭴࿑߇࿕߹ࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣߩ⸥੐߇޽ࠅ㧘
1996 ᐕߩࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ↢↥บᢙߪኻ೨ᐕᲧ 31.3㧑Ⴧ㧘
1997 ᐕߦߪห 22.6㧑ߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁ߣ੍᷹ߒߡ޿ࠆ
[57]㧚
࿑ 17 ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ߩណ↪ߦࠃࠆ಄ಓᯏኈⓍߩ❗ዊ⋡⹣߹ࠅߩෂ㒾ߪᭂ߼ߡૐ޿㧚‫ߩޠ࡞࠮ࠢࠛࡕ࡯ࠨޟ‬㐿⊒ߪᧄ▵౨㗡ߦ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠝࠗ࡞࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢߣࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻಄ಓᯏߦ
ኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐߩჇᄢߦଦߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎ߁
ߒߚⅣႺⷐ࿃ߥߒߦᣂⷙࠕࠗ࠺ࠕߩታ↪ൻߪ㔍ߒ޿㧚ታ↪ൻߦߪᄙߊߩੱߚߜߩෳടߣᡰេ߇ᔅⷐ
ߢ޽ࠅ㧘Ꮢ႐ߢߩᄢ߈ߥ㔛ⷐ߇⷗ㄟ߹ࠇߥ޿ߣ㐿⊒ߦᔅⷐߥ࡝࠰࡯ࠬࠍ㓸߼ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߥ޿㧚৻ᣇ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥⅣႺⷐ࿃߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߚᤨᦼߦ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡዬวࠊߖߚߎߣߪ௭ୢߢ޽ߞߚߣ
⸒߃ࠆ㧚ࠨ࡯ࡕࠛࠢ࠮࡞ߩ㐿⊒ߦ៤ࠊߞߚᄙߊߩ
⎇ⓥ⠪㧘ᛛⴚ⠪߇௭ୢࠍಽ߆ߜวߞߚ㧚࿑ 18 ࿖ౝߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏ↢↥㊂ߩផ⒖[9] ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ㧦ᄢ㊂↢↥ㆡ↪ኻ⽎ߩ಴⃻ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠕߪ 1944 ᐕ㧘Gaugler ߇․⸵಴㗿ߒߚ[55]㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߕߦㆊ߉ߚ
߇㧘NASA ߩቝቮ㐿⊒ߩߥ߆ߢជࠅ⿠ߎߐࠇߚ㧚ᓸዊ㊀ജⅣႺਅߢ↪޿ࠆᾲャㅍ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇߚ㧚1964 ᐕ಴ ߩ Grover ࠄߩ⺰ᢥ[56]߇⃻࿷ߩࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩ಴⊒ὐߣߒߡࠃߊᒁ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚1977 ᐕᓟඨߦߪవߦ߽⸥ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠕ࡜ࠬࠞ❑ᢿࡄࠗࡊ࡜ࠗࡦߦᄢ㊂ߦ૶ࠊࠇ⹤㗴ࠍ㓸߼ߚ㧚ߘߩ㗃ߩᚒ߇࿖ߢߩࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ⎇ⓥߩኻ⽎ߪቝቮᯏེ߆㧘వߦ⸅ࠇߚ‫ޟ‬㟎὾߈‫߁ࠃߩ଀ߩޠ‬ߦࡎࡆ࡯ᔕ↪ߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁ߁㧚ඨዉ૕ߩ಄ළᔕ↪
ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇ߽ߒߚ߇㧘ᒰᤨߩඨዉ૕ߩ૶↪ⅣႺߪ
ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚╩⠪ߩ⸥ᙘߦߪࡠ࡯ࠬ࠻ࡆ࡯ࡈߦᏅߒㄟ߻ࡇࡦࠍࡅ࡯

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 19 ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ↢↥㊂㧔㧔ᩣ㧕ࡈࠫࠢ࡜ ᦸ᦬ᱜቁ᳁ផ⸘㧕ߥ߆ߢ߽ࡁ࡯࠻ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߩᚑ㐳ߪ⋡ⷡ߹ߒߊ㧘⭯ဳൻ߇ࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯㑆ߩ┹੎ߩὶὐߦߥߞߚ[58]㧚
ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ╲૕ߩෘߐ߇ᷫࠆ৻ᣇ㧘CPU ࠴࠶ࡊߩᕈ
⢻ߪะ਄ߒ㧘ߎࠇߣߣ߽ߦ⊒ᾲ㊂߇Ⴧ߃ߚ㧚CPUߩ๟ㄝߪࡔࡕ࡝㧘ࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࠶ࠢࠬ㧘౉಴ജߥߤฦ
⒳ߩ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߇ኒ㓸ߔࠆ႐ᚲߢ㧘⊒↢ᾲߪ಄ළⓨ᳇ࠍㅢߒ߿ߔ޿႐ᚲ߹ߢዉߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߦᾲャㅍ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ޽ࠆࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩ↪ㅜ߇ᜏߌߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡁ࡯࠻ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧘࠺ࠬࠢ࠻࠶
ࡊ߿ࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ߢ߽႐ᚲࠍߣࠄߥ޿ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߥ⵾

- 40 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
. 㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ಄ළ㧦   ಄ළࠦࠬ࠻ߩ਄᣹߇ㅏߍ㆏ត⚝ࠍଦߔ 㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ⊒㆐ߣ಄ළᛛⴚߪ⴫ⵣ৻૕ߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ㧚
࿑ 21 ߪ 1970 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 1990 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߦ߆ߌߡ↢↥ߐࠇߚᄢဳ᳢↪㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ⊒ᾲ㊂ߣㇱ
ຠ㕙Ⓧߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ➙߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ[59]㧚ን჻ㅢ㧘
NEC㧘ᣣ┙ฦ␠ߩ⊒⴫࠺࡯࠲ߢ㧘ⓨ಄ᯏߩ࠺࡯࠲
ߪ⊕ᛮ߈ශ㧘᳓಄ᯏߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ㤥Ⴃࠅශߢ␜ߒߡ޽
ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊ㧘ࡄ࠶ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧔ࡕࠫࡘ࡯࡞㧕㧘ࡊ࡝ࡦ࠻Უၮ᧼ߩ᭴ᚑ࡟ࡌ࡞೎ߦ㧘ㇱຠ㕙Ⓧࠍᮮゲߦߣߞߡ޽ࠆ㧚1980 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄ 1990 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߦ߆ߌߡ㧘ⓨ಄߆ࠄ᳓಄߳ߣ⒖ⴕߒߚ㧚࿑ 22 ߪᦨᓟߩⓨ಄ᯏߣ๭߫ࠇߚ⸘▚ᯏߩၮ᧼ߢ㧘2 ⒳ߩࡈࠖࡦࡅ࡯࠻
ࠪࡦࠢઃ߈ࡄ࠶ࠤ࡯ࠫ߇㈩೉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߅ࠃߘ
20 cm40 cm ߩၮ᧼߆ࠄ᡼ᾲߐࠇࠆᾲ㊂ߪ⚂
500W ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚࿑ 23 ߪ᳓಄ࠦ࡯࡞࠼ࡊ࡟࡯࠻ࠍ
ઃߌߚࡑ࡞࠴࠴࠶ࡊࡕࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߣᲣၮ᧼೨ߩ᳓㈩▤ߩ౮⌀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡕࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߪ⚂ 10 cm ⷺߩ࠮࡜ࡒ࠶ࠢၮ᧼ߦ 36 ୘ߩ࠴࠶ࡊࠍタߖߚ߽ߩߢ㧘⊒ᾲ
㊂ߪᦨᄢ 720W ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⊒ᾲኒᐲߩჇᄢߦኻಣ
ߔࠆߦߪ಄ළᵹ૕ߦ᳓߇ᔅⷐߣߥߞߚߩߪ᣿ࠄ߆
ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ຠ߇᱑ㄫߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⸘▚ᯏ߇ᅤ૗ߦࠦࡦࡄ
ࠢ࠻ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߪ㧘੹ᣣߢ߽⸘▚ᯏࠍᦝᣂߔ
ࠆߚ߮ߦᗵߓࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻
ᯏེ߳ߩᔕ↪ߦࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ߇૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ
ߞߚ㧚࿑ 19 ߪ㧔ᩣ㧕ࡈࠫࠢ࡜ ᦸ᦬ᱜቁ᳁ߩផ⸘
ߢ㧘਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩ↢↥㊂߇ 1990ᐕઍඨ߫߆ࠄᕆㅦߦ਄᣹ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚࿑ 20 ߪࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߣⓨ಄ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ⵾ຠ଀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿑ 20 ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊ࡮ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߩ⵾ຠ଀
㧔㧔ᩣ㧕ࡈࠫࠢ࡜ ᦸ᦬ᱜቁ᳁ឭଏ㧕㔚ሶᯏེ߳ߩࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߩㆡ↪ߪࡈࠫࠢ࡜㧘૑෹シ㊄ዻ㧘ฎᴡ㔚Ꮏ㧘ᣣ┙㔚✢㧘ᤘ๺ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾
࠙ࡓ㧔⃻ᤘ๺㔚Ꮏ㧕ߥߤᣣᧄߩࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯߇వዉߒ
ߚ㧚ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߪᄢ㊂ߦ૶ࠊࠇࠆ↪ㅜߩ಴⃻ߦࠃࠅଔᩰ߇ਅ߇ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦ૶↪ࠍଦߔߣ੔߁ᅢᓴ
Ⅳߦ౉ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ଔᩰ┹੎ߦ౉ࠆߣ㖧࿖㧘บḧ㧘ਛ࿖ߥߤߩᶏᄖࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯߇ෳ౉ߒߚ㧚వ⊒ࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߪઃടଔ୯ߩ㜞޿⵾ຠߦജࠍ౉ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚㜞ઃടଔ୯⵾ຠߩ৻଀ߪᾲ⽶⩄߇㜞޿ࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯⸘
▚ᯏ߿ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩߚ߼ߩࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗ
ࡊߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡌ࡯ࡄ࡯࠴ࡖࡦࡃ࡯ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ᧼⁁ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߣⓨ಄ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ㧘ߐࠄߦࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߩࡈࠖࡦߦࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߚߖߚ߽ߩ߇૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ૉߒ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚ㜞ઃടଔ୯⵾ຠߪଔᩰ߽㜞ߊ㧘࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߪࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ߥ
ߤ਄૏ᯏ⒳ߩࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩࡔ࡯
ࠞ࡯߇ߤߎ߹ߢ಄ළࠦࠬ࠻ߩ਄᣹ࠍ⸵ߔ߆㧘዁᧪ߪᵹേ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߩ
ᛛⴚ⊛⫾Ⓧ߇ㅴࠎߛ⚿ᨐ㧘㔚ሶᯏེએᄖߩ↪ㅜ߇㐿ߌߟߟ޽ࠆ㧚Ꮏ૞ᯏ᪾㧘ක≮ᯏེ㧘⺞ℂᯏེߘߩઁߩᄙ᭽ߥ↪ㅜߦㆡ↪߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 21 1980 ᐕઍ೨ᓟߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖↥ᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߩ⊒ᾲ࠺࡯࠲㧔⊕ᛮ߈ශߪⓨ಄ᯏ㧘㤥Ⴃࠅශߪ᳓಄ᯏ㧕[59]- 41 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

࿑ 22 ᄢဳⓨ಄ࡏ࡯࠼㧔ᣣ┙ M680 㧘1985 ᐕ⊒⴫㧕[60]࿑ 24 1986 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ࠴࠶ࡊ⊒ᾲ㊂ߩ੍᷹[61]ᶖ⾌߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ੔߁․ᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㧚ࠃࠅᄙߊߩ㔚ജࠍଏ⛎ߔࠇ߫㧘ࠃࠅㅦߊേ૞ߔࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘㔚ථߥ ߤ ᳃ ↢ ↪ ຠ ߦ ૶ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ߚ
CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)࿁〝ߪ㧘ᶖ⾌㔚ജߪዋߥ޿߇േ૞ේℂ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ
ㅦᐲߪㆃ޿㧚ᒰᤨ㧘⸘▚ᯏߩኾ㐷ኅߪ㧘ᛛⴚߩផㅴᓎߪࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜ߣ᳿߼ߡ޿ߚ▵߇޽ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘CMOS ߇ᄙ᭽ߥ↪ㅜߦะߌߡᄢ㊂ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ
޿ࠆ߁ߜߦ㧘CMOS ߩᡷ⦟ߦᵈ߇ࠇߚੱ⊛࡝࠰࡯ࠬߣᛩ⾗ߪᏂᄢߦߥߞߚ㧚
CMOS ߩᕈ⢻ߪะ਄ߒ㧘߿߇ߡᄢဳ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߦ߽૶߃ࠆ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦߥߞߚ㧚㔚ജᶖ⾌ߣ಄ළࠦࠬ࠻ߩჇᄢߦᖠࠎߢ޿ߚᄢဳ⸘
▚ᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯ߪ 1990 ᐕઍߦ౉ࠆߣࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜߆

࿑ 23 ᳓಄ࡑ࡞࠴࠴࠶ࡊࡕࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߣᲣၮ᧼೨
ߩ᳓㈩▤㧔ᣣ┙ M880,1990 ᐕ[60]㧕
 1980 ᐕઍߦߪ಄ළᛛⴚ߇⸘▚ᯏߩ዁᧪ࠍីߞ
ߡ޿ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂߇㜞߹ࠅ㧘⸘▚ᯏ಄ළߪવᾲ⎇ⓥߩਥⷐ࠹࡯ࡑߩ৻ߟߦߥߞߚ㧚࿑ 24 ߪ IBM ߩ
Okaty ࠄ߇ 1986 ᐕߦ⪺ߒߚ⸥੐[61]ߩਛߩ࿑ߢ㧘
㜞㓸Ⓧ࿁〝㧔VLSI㧕࠴࠶ࡊ਄ߩᾲᵹ᧤߇߿߇ߡᄥ
㓁⴫㕙ߩᾲᵹ᧤ߦㄭߠߊߣ੍᷹ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚IBM ߩᡰេ߽޽ߞߡ㧘․ߦ☨࿖ߩવᾲ⎇ⓥ⇇ߢ㜞ᕈ⢻಄ළߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇⋓ࠎߦߥߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᚒ߇࿖ߩ⸘▚ᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯߽⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߚ㧚࿑ 24 ߪવ
ᾲ⎇ⓥߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧘ᓟߦߒ߫ߒ߫ᒁ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ㧚 ߣߎࠈߢ㧘ߎߩ㗃߹ߢߩᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ
޿ߚ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߪࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲㧔⇛⒓㧘ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜ࠍࠬࠗ࠶
࠴࠺ࡃࠗࠬߣߔࠆ࿁〝ߪ㜞ㅦߢേ૞ߔࠆ߇㧘㔚ജ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 25 2002 ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦ࠹࡞ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶
ࠨߩ⊒ᾲ㊂੍᷹[62]- 42 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
㈩⟎ߔࠆ㧚Ṷ▚ಣℂࠍⴕ߁ࠦࠕࠍⶄᢙ⸳ߌᾲḮࠍಽᢔߔࠆ㧔ࡑ࡞࠴ࠦࠕࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨ㧕㧚৻ߟߩࠦࠕ߇
ㆊᾲߒߚࠄ࡚ࠫࡉࠍૐ᷷ߩࠦࠕߦ⒖ߔ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩኻ╷ߩ߁ߜ޽ࠆ߽ߩߪᣢߦࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߦ
ขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘⎇ⓥᲑ㓏ߩ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿㧚᦭
ലߥኻ╷ᴺࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߦߪ㔚ሶ࿁〝ߩേ૞ߣᾲ᜛
ᢔ߇ኒធߦ⛊ࠎߛ໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߻ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚 㔚ሶ࡮ᾲⶄว໧㗴ߪ࠴࠶ࡊߩ᷷ᐲ೙ᓮߦ㒢ࠄߕ㧘㔚ሶᯏེߩࡄ࠶ࠤ࡯ࠫ㧘ၮ᧼㧘ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩฦ᭴ᚑ
࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ[60]㧚ⶄวߩᐲว޿ߪᯏེߩ
ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߦ઻޿ᒝ߹ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘৻ᣇ㧘ᯏེࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߩⷐ᳞ߪ៤Ꮺᯏེߥߤߦ㒢ࠄߕࠨ࡯ࡃ
࡯㧘ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߢ߽ᒝ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩ௑ะߪ㧘㔚ሶ࿁〝ߣ಄ළߩ⎇ⓥ߇ᣂߚߥዪ㕙ࠍㄫ߃ߚߎߣࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑ 27 ߪߎߩ੐ᖱࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢߪ࿑ 27(a)ߦ␜
ߔታⵝᒻᘒ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘Ꮒⷞ⊛ⷰὐߢ⷗ࠆߣ
㔚᳇ߩᵹࠇߣᾲߩᵹࠇߪಽ㔌ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆߣ㧘㔚ሶ࿁〝ߩ⎇ⓥߣવᾲ⎇ⓥߪಽ㔌ߐࠇ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ߭ߚߔࠄࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߩᕈ⢻ะ਄ߦኾᔨߔࠇ߫ࠃ߆ߞߚ㧚ࠄ CMOS ߳ߣਸ਼ࠅ឵߃ᆎ߼ߚ㧚ߎࠇߦߪਗ೉⸘▚ᛛⴚߩㅴዷߣ㧘CMOS ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦߒߚࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊ
ࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩ⊒㆐߽ᄢ߈ߊਈߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊ
ࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߪᒰೋࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ↪ㅜߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ߇㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߩ᥉෸ߣߣ߽ߦㅴൻߒ㧘ଔᩰ߽ਅ߇ߞߚ㧚ᄢဳ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߢߩ CMOS ߳ߩォ឵ߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊߩᶖ⾌㔚ജ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ⊒ᾲ㊂ࠍᛥ೙ߒ㧘㜞ᕈ⢻಄ළߩ⎇ⓥߪ൓޿ࠍᄬߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘৻ᕷߟߌߚߩߪ
ᢙᐕߩ㑆ߢ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩേ૞ㅦᐲะ਄
ߣߣ߽ߦ⊒ᾲ㊂߇Ⴧߒ㧘2000 ᐕઍߦߪౣ߮಄ළߩ
໧㗴߇ࠢࡠ࡯࠭ࠕ࠶ࡊߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚࿑ 25ߪࠗࡦ࠹࡞␠ߩࡑࠗࠢࡠࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠨߩ⊒ᾲ㊂࠺࡯
࠲ߣ 2002 ᐕᤨὐߩ੍᷹ߢ޽ࠆ㧚‫ࡊ࠶࠴ޟ‬਄ߩᾲᵹ᧤߇ᄥ㓁⴫㕙ߩᾲᵹ᧤ߦㄭߠߊ‫੍ߩߣޠ‬᷹߇ౣ߮⊓႐ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚੹ᣣߢߪᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߩઍ⴫ߪᄢⷙ
ᮨ࠺࡯࠲࠮ࡦ࠲ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆࠨ࡯ࡃ࡯ߣ㧘ᄢⷙᮨ⑼ቇ⸘▚↪ߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⸘▚ᯏߩ࠴࠶ࡊ಄ළߦߪ㧘೨▵ߢ⸅ࠇߚࡌ࡯
ࡄ࡯࠴ࡖࡦࡃ·ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢ㧘ߐࠄߦ᳓಄ᣇᑼ߇↪
޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑ 26 ߦࡌ࡯ࡄ࡯࠴ࡖࡦࡃ·ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢߩ଀ࠍ␜ߔ㧚࿑ 27 㓸Ⓧᐲߩะ਄ߣᾲ·㔚᳇⚻〝ߩㄭធ࿑ 26 ࡌ࡯ࡄ࡯࠴ࡖࡦࡃ·ࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢ[63]ߒ߆ߒ㧘࿑ 27(b)ߩ଀ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᯏེߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ
࠻ൻ߇ㅴ߻ߣࡅ࡯࠻ࠪࡦࠢࠍ⸳ߌࠆࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ߇㒢ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚ࡄ࠶ࠤ࡯ࠫ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㓸Ⓧᐲ߇
਄߇ࠆߦ઻޿㧘ᾲߣ㔚᳇ߩ⚻〝ߪㄭធߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ߥࠆ㧚㔚ሶ࿁〝ߩ⸳⸘ߦೋ߼߆ࠄવᾲ⚻〝ߩ⸘↹ࠍ౉ࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߎߩ࠾࡯࠭ߪ㔚ሶ࿁〝⎇ⓥ⠪߇ᣢߦ⹺⼂ߒߡ޿ߡ㧘㔚ሶ࿁〝ߣવᾲߩⶄ
ว໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫߇ㄭᐕჇ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘વᾲ⸃ᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄℂ⸃߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߡ㧘 ߐߡ㧘⊒ᾲ㊂ߩჇᄢߣߣ߽ߦ಄ළࠦࠬ࠻ߩ਄᣹
߇ౣ߮ ᔨߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚࠴࠶ࡊ⊒ᾲ㊂ࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߩኻ╷߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ⊒ᾲ㊂ᛥ೙╷ߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ਄ߢㆊᐲߩዪᚲ᷷ᐲ਄᣹߇⊒↢ߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߔࠆࡎ࠶࠻ࠬࡐ࠶࠻ᛥ೙╷ߣ৻૕ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊߦ࠮ࡦࠨࠍၒ߼ㄟࠎߢ᷷ᐲࠍࡕ࠾
࠲࡯ߒ㧘᷷ᐲ߇㑣୯ࠍ⿥߃ߚࠄࠢࡠ࠶ࠢ๟ᵄᢙࠍ
ਅߍࠆ㧚࿁〝⸘↹ߩ㓙㧘ᾲḮ߇㓸ਛߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 43 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ᧂߛḩ⿷ߢ߈ࠆ⍮⼂૕♽ߦ➙߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚৻ᣇ㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ߶߁ߪ㧘࿑ 27(a)ߩಽ㔌ဳ໧㗴ߩ߶߁߇ขࠅߟ߈ᤃߊ㧘⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߪવᾲኾ㐷⹹ߦタߖ߿ߔ޿㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥႺ⇇㗔ၞߦߪᧂ⸃᳿ߩ⺖㗴߇ᄙ޿[64]㧚
಄ළࠦࠬ࠻ߩ໧㗴ߪࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߢᦨ
߽ᷓೞߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧚⃻࿷ߩᛛⴚࠍන⚐ߦᑧ㐳ㆡ↪ߒߡ Exa Flops 㧔Ფ⑽ 1018 ᶋേዊᢙὐṶ▚㧕ߩṶ▚ㅦᐲࠍ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ㧘ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦ
ࡇࡘ࡯࠲࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦ㓞ធߒߡ 1.5 GW ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩේ
ሶജ⊒㔚ᚲ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆߣߩ⹜▚߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
[65]㧚⃻࿷ߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߢ߽ࡔࠟࡢ࠶
࠻࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㔚ജࠍᔅⷐߣߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩඨಽߪ಄
ළߘߩઁ⵬ഥ↪ߩ㔚ജߢ޽ࠆ㧚Ṷ▚ߦᔅⷐߥ㔚ജࠍ↹ᦼ⊛ߦਅߍࠆᔅⷐߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘࠇߦߪ
1990 ᐕઍߦ⚻㛎ߒߚࡃࠗࡐ࡯࡜߆ࠄ CMOS ߳ߩォ឵ߣห᭽ߩၮᧄ⊛ォ឵ࠍߖߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿㧚⃻࿷ߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߦઍࠊࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ㧘ࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ㧘ࠞ࡯ࡏࡦࠣ࡜ࡈࠖࡦߥߤ
ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦߔࠆ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߇⎇ⓥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚዁᧪ᧄ๮ߦߥࠆᛛⴚ߇૗ࠇ߆ߪ੍ᢿࠍ⸵ߐߥ޿㧚৻ߟ᣿ࠄ߆ߥߎߣߪ㧘ࡒࠢࡠࠬࠤ࡯࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠽ࡁࠬ
ࠤ࡯࡞ߢߩ᷷ᐲ೙ᓮ߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᓸዊࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ਎⇇ߢߪ㧘࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩേ૞ߦᾲࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯߇ኒធߦ㑐ࠊߞߡߊࠆ㧚ߘߩ㑐ࠊࠅᣇߪ⃻࿷ߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ᭽ᘒߣߪࠝ࡯࠳࡯߇⇣ߥࠆߣ⴫⃻ߒߡࠃ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚વᾲ⎇ⓥ߇ᣥ᧪ߩ㗔ၞߦ㐽ߓߎ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ⸵ߐࠇߥߊߥࠆ㧚࿑ 28 ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ ߦࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߢᒻᚑߐࠇߚࡑ
ࠗࠢࡠࡈࠖࡦ㧔߹ߚߪ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞㧕[66]ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࡃࠗࠬ㧦   ඨዉ૕⵾ㅧᛛⴚߩᄢ߈ߥ೽↥‛ ඨዉ૕ߩ⵾ㅧᎿ⒟ߦߪᓸ⚦ᐞ૗ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩశቇ
ᛩᓇ㧘࡟ࠫࠬ࠻⤑ߩᒻᚑ㧘ㆬᛯ⊛ࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ߇฽
߹ࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍᔕ↪ߒߡࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ࠴࠶ࡊ
ߦᓸ⚦ߥ಄ළ↪࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ࠍ⸳ߌࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ
㧔࿑ 28 [66]㧕
㧚ࠕࠗ࠺ࠕࠍᦨೋߦឭ᩺ߒߚߩߪࠬ
࠲ࡦࡈࠜ࡯࠼ᄢߩඳ჻⺖⒟ቇ↢ߢ޽ߞߚ
Tuckerman ߣᜰዉᢎ᝼ߩ Pease ߢ㧘1981 ᐕߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ[67]㧚⹜૞ຠߪ 1 cm ⷺߩࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ࠴࠶ࡊ
ߦ㜞ߐ 300 μm㧘᏷ 50 μm ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ࠍ㧘50μmෘࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡈࠖࡦࠍ㓒ߡߡ⸳ߌ㧘ⵣ㕙ߦࡅ࡯࠲࡯
ࠛ࡟ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⫳⌕ߒߡᾲḮߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡅ࡯࠲࡯᷷ᐲߣ᳓౉ญ᷷ᐲ߇ 71°C ߩߣ߈ 790 Wߩᾲࠍ㒰෰ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ⸽᣿ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 44 -

ᵹ〝౉ญ㧙಴ญ㑆ߩ࿶ജᏅࠍਈ߃ߚߣ߈㧘વᾲ㊂߇ᦨᄢߦߥࠆ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞᏷ߪ 50 ~ 60 μm ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ㧘ጀᵹࠍ઒ቯߒߚ◲නߥ⸘▚ߦࠃࠅ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎߩ⸘▚ߪߘߩᓟઁߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᵹࠇߣ᷷ᐲ
⊒㆐ၞࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࠅ㧘ੂᵹၞߦ౉ࠆ႐วࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚࠅߒߡᡷ⦟ߐࠇߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᦨㆡ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞᏷
ߪᾲḮߩኸᴺߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᦨㆡ᏷߇μm ߩࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦߥࠆߩߪᾲḮߩኸᴺ߇ 1 cm ⒟ᐲߩ႐ว
ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿㧚ᾲḮߩኸᴺ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠇ߫㧘ᦨㆡ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞᏷߽Ⴧᄢߒ㧘߿߇ߡࡑࠗ
ࠢࡠࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߢߪߥߊߥࠆ㧚 1980 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߦߪᄢဳ㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏߩ಄ළߦᄌ
㕟߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁ߣ੍᷹ߐࠇߚ㧚Tuckerman
ߣ Pease ߩ⺰ᢥߪᵈ⋡ࠍᶎ߮㧘Ὼ᧪ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖ
ࡦࡀ࡞಄ළߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥߦߪᔅߕᒁ↪ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘೨▵ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ 1990ᐕઍߦ↢ߓߚᄢဳ⸘▚ᯏߩ਎⇇ߢߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞಄ළߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ৻ᤨਅἫ
ߦߥߞߚ㧚
ߒ߆ߒ㧘
ߎࠇ߽వߦ⸅ࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ CMOS
࠴࠶ࡊߩ⊒ᾲ㊂߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆߦߟࠇ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖ
ࡦࡀ࡞಄ළߩ⎇ⓥߪౣ߮൓޿ࠍჇߒ੹ᣣߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘㓸Ⓧ࿁〝࠴࠶ࡊߩ಄ළߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘ዊဳߩΆᢱ㔚ᳰ㧘಄ಓᯏ߶߆᭽‫ߥޘ‬ㆡ↪ኻ⽎߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥᵴേߪ 1990ᐕઍᓟඨߦߪ⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩ᭽ሶߪᯏ᪾
ቇળᾲᎿቇㇱ㐷࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡟࠲࡯ߩ․㓸ภ[68]߆ࠄ
ુ޿⍮ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ㧚 ඨዉ૕⵾ㅧᛛⴚߩᔕ↪ߪࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞಄
ළ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ߶߆㧘ᓸ⚦ᯏ᪾ⷐ⚛ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ
᭽‫⵾ߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߥޘ‬૞ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ㧚MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems)࠺ࡃࠗࠬ
ߣ৻᜝ߒߡ๭߫ࠇࠆ⵾ຠߩ↢↥ߪᐕࠍㅊߞߡჇ߃

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

࿑ 29 MEMS ⵾ຠߩ⚥Ⓧ↢↥㊂[69]⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 29㧕㧚ߎߩߥ߆ߢᾲᵹ૕⃻⽎ߩ೙ᓮࠍ઻߁࠺ࡃࠗࠬߪࡃࠗࠝ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘᧚ᢱ㐿⊒ߩಽ㊁ߢᚑ㐳߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[70, 71]㧚ߎࠇࠄᾲᵹ૕೙ᓮࠍ઻߁ MEMS ࠺ࡃࠗࠬࠍࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖ
ࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࡃࠗࠬ㧔಄ළߩߺߢߥߊ㧕ߣ๭߱ߎߣߦ
ߔࠆ㧚৻⥸ߦࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢߪ㧘࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ౝߩᵹേ㧔microfluidics㧕ߣࡑࠗࠢࡠ
ࡅ࡯࠲࡯ࠍ૬↪ߒߡ᷷ᐲ㧘߭޿ߡߪൻቇ෻ᔕߥߤ
ࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆ㧚೙ᓮߦᔅⷐߥ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ߣࡑࠗࠢࡠࠛ
࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ߇㓸Ⓧߐࠇߚવᾲࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ㧘᷷ᐲ೙ᓮኻ⽎޽ࠆ޿ߪ᷷ᐲ೙ᓮ㗔ၞ߇ᦝߦᓸ⚦ൻߔࠆߣ㧘એਅߦㅀߴࠆᎿቇ⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߻ᔅⷐ߇ᒝ߹ࠆߢ޽ࠈ
߁㧚೙ᓮኻ⽎ߩኸᴺࠬࠤ࡯࡞߇ᕆㅦߦዊߐߊߥࠆ
৻ᣇ㧘ߎࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆ๟ㄝ᭴ㅧߩࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߪߘࠇ߶
ߤዊߐߊߥࠄߥ޿㧚࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯޽ࠆ޿ߪ
ฃ⋉⠪ߪ⑳ߚߜߢ޽ࠅ㧘ੱ㑆ߩኸᴺࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߪᄌ
ࠊࠄߥ޿㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߇฽߻ᦨዊࠬࠤ࡯࡞
ߣᄖㇱ਎⇇ߩࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߪ㐿޿ߡࠁߊ㧚೙ᓮߦᔅⷐ
ߥ଀߃᷷߫ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ㧘೙ᓮኻ⽎߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߡ⸳⟎ߒߚ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯߆ࠄ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ᖱႎ߆ࠄ೙ᓮኻ⽎㗔ၞߩ᷷ᐲࠍផቯߔࠆߦߪ㧘ኻ⽎߆ࠄ๟ㄝᡰᜬ᭴ㅧ߳ߩᾲṳᵨ㧘࠮ࡦࠨ࡯߇㥳ߔ᷷ᐲ႐߳ߩᓇ㗀ߥߤࠍࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߒߥߌ
ࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߒ߆߽㧘↪ㅜߦࠃߞߡߪࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯
࡚ࠪࡦࠍ࡝ࠕ࡞࠲ࠗࡓߢⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚㕖ቯᏱᾲ೙ᓮߢߪ೙ᓮኻ⽎ߩᾲኈ㊂࠲ࠗࡓࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣ๟
ㄝ᭴ㅧߩ࠲ࠗࡓࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ㑆ߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇ᓇ㗀ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦኸᴺߣᤨ㑆ߩࠬࠤ࡯࡞߇ⶄᢙ฽߹
ࠇࠆ໧㗴㧘හߜࡑ࡞࠴ࠬࠤ࡯࡞໧㗴ߪ㧘ᣢߦ⎇ⓥቶߦ߅ߌࠆࡒࠢࡠવᾲߩታ㛎ߢ߽ขࠅ⚵߹ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿⺖㗴ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ[72]㧚ࡑ࡞࠴ࠬࠤ࡯
࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߢࠬࠤ࡯࡞ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇㐿ߊ߶ߤ㧘೙ᓮ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 45 -

ߩߚ߼ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ໧㗴ߪⶄ㔀ߦߥࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ߎࠇࠍ⸃ߊߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ⸘▚࡝࠰࡯ࠬߪჇ
ߒߡߊࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒታ↪ᯏེߦ⚵ߺㄟ߻೙ᓮࠕ࡞ࠧ
࡝࠭ࡓߪ⍴޿߽ߩߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚ᧄ᧪ⶄ㔀ߥ⸃ᨆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ࿶❗ߒߡ⍴޿ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߦ߹
ߣ߼ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪⶄ㔀વᾲ♽ߩࡕ࠺࡞ൻ߇㊀ⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩ৻ߟߦߥࠆ㧚ᓥ᧪ߩવᾲᯏ
ེ߽ⶄ㔀વᾲ♽ߢ㧘વᾲ⸃ᨆߦߪࡕ࠺࡞ൻ߇ᔅⷐ
ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘♽⛔⊛ߥࡕ࠺࡞ൻᚻᴺ޽ࠆ޿
ߪࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߪ⏕┙ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߣ੔߁ࠃࠅ㧘
ࡕ࠺࡞ൻᣇᴺ⺰߿ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓߩ᭴▽ߦขࠅ⚵߻વᾲ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ᱴߤ޿ߥ޿㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ᛽⽎ࡠࠫ࠶ࠢߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪવᾲ⃻⽎ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᧄ╭ߩ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄᄖࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ห᭽ߥࡑ࡞࠴ࠬࠤ࡯
࡞໧㗴ߪવᾲએᄖߩಽ㊁ߢ߽Ⴧ߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࠬࠤ࡯࡞⸃ᨆᚻᴺߩ᭴▽ࠍ⚵❱⊛ߦㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆಽ
㊁߽޽ࠆ[73]㧚
ߣߎࠈߢ㧘ࡑࠢࡠ਎⇇ߦ૑߻⑳ߚߜ߇ࡒࠢࡠ਎
⇇ߩ⃻⽎ࠍࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߔࠆߎߣ⥄૕ߪߣߊߦᣂ
ߒ޿ߎߣߢߪߥ޿㧚଀߃߫㓸Ⓧ࿁〝ߩ↢↥Ꮏ⒟ߢ
ߪ⋡ߦ⷗߃ߥ޿਎⇇ߢߩᾲ᜛ᢔ߿ൻቇ෻ᔕࠍ೙ᓮ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡃࡉ࡞ࠫࠚ࠶࠻ࡊ࡝ࡦ࠲࡯ߢߪᓸ⚦ߥ᳇ᵃ⊒↢·ᶖṌࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠍ೙ᓮߒߡ޿ࠆ[74]㧚ߎࠇࠄࡒࠢࡠኻ⽎ߩ೙ᓮᛛⴚ߇૗᡿ታ↪ൻߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆㧚੹ᓟߩવᾲᯏེ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌᵹ૕ߩ⋧ᄌൻࠍ઻߁ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ዁᧪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߎߣߥߩߢએਅߦ▵ࠍ޽ࠄߚ߼ߡ⠨ኤࠍട߃ߡ
߅߈ߚ޿㧚㧚᳇ᵃ⊒↢ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠવᾲᯏེߩ዁᧪
ᩭᴣ㛛ߩᾲવ㆐₸ߪᵹ૕ߩ‛ᕈ㧘વᾲ㕙ߩ᧚⾰㧘વᾲ㕙਄ߩ᳇ᵃ⊒↢ὐߩᢙኒᐲ㧘ო㕙ㆊᾲᐲ㧘ᾲᵹ᧤ߩ㑐ᢙߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚⷏Ꮉ౗ᐽవ↢㧘⮮↰ᕶિవ↢ࠄ߇ዉ߆ࠇߚᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐ᢛℂᑼ[75]߆ࠄ㧘ㆊᾲᐲߣᾲᵹ᧤ߦኻᔕߔࠆ⊒ᵃὐኒᐲࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣ
߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚╩⠪ࠄߪ㜞ᕈ⢻વᾲ㕙ߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ৻ㇱߢ㧘⒳‫ߩޘ‬㕙☻ߐࠍਈ߃ߚ㌃㕙਄ߢ R-11 ࠍᴣ㛛ߐߖ㧘⊒ᵃὐᢙࠍ᳞߼ߚ[76]㧚⚿ᨐߪ⷏Ꮉవ↢ࠄߩᑼߣࠃߊ৻⥌ߒߚ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣ
ㆊᾲᐲ߇ 5 ~ 10 K㧘ᾲᵹ᧤߇߅ࠃߘ 0.4 W/cm2 ߩߣ߈㧘⊒ᵃὐኒᐲߪ 1 ~ 10 cm-2 ߩ▸࿐ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⊒ᵃὐኒᐲߩᢙ୯ߪ㧘ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ㕙Ⓧߩવᾲ㕙਄ߢ᳇ᵃ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ⏕₸ࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚಄ಓᯏ↪⫳⊒ེߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆવᾲ㕙ߪ m2 ࠍන૏

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ߣߒߡ᷹ࠆ✚㕙Ⓧࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚଀ߣߒߡ㕙Ⓧ 1
m2 ߩવᾲ㕙ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘ߎߩવᾲ㕙਄ߩ⊒ᵃὐߩ✚ᢙߪ㧘਄⸥ߩᢙ୯଀ࠍෳ⠨ߦߔࠇ߫ዋߥߊߣ߽
10,000 ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚৻ᣇ㧘⊒ᵃὐ߇વᾲ㕙਄ߢ৻᭽ߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘㕙Ⓧ 1 cm2 ߩㇱಽߦᵈ⋡ߒߚߣ߈㧘⊒ᵃὐߪ㧝୘޽ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘ታ㓙ߦߪ৻᭽ಽᏓߩ⏕₸ߪૐ޿㧚⊒ᵃὐ߇ోߊή޿߆㧘ᢙ୘޽ࠆ߆㧘⊒ᵃὐሽ࿷⏕₸ߦଐሽߔࠆ㧚વᾲ㕙Ⓧ߇චಽߦᄢ߈޿ᯏེߩ႐ว㧘ㆡᐲߦ❗ዊߒߚ⹜㛎ࠍ↪޿ߡ᳞߼ߚᴣ㛛ᾲવ㆐₸ࠍߘߩ߹߹ᯏེߩ
⸳⸘ߦ↪޿ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚⹜㛎 ߣታᯏེߩ෺
ᣇߢ⊒ᵃ⏕₸߇චಽߦ㜞޿႐วߢ㧘⸳⸘⸘▚ߦ⏕₸࿃ሶࠍᜬߜㄟ߻ᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿㧚ߎߩߎߣߪࡏࠗ࡜࡯㧘⫳⊒ེ㧘シ᳓ἹΆᢱ᫔ߥߤߩ⸳⸘⸃ᨆߢᥧ㤩ߩ߁ߜߦੌ⸃ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ࠴࠶ࡊߩ
಄ළߦᩭᴣ㛛ࠍ↪޿ࠆߦߪ⊒ᵃ⏕₸߇໧㗴ߦߥߞߡߊࠆ㧚వߕ㧘વᾲ㕙Ⓧ߇ዊߐߊ 1 ~ 4 cm2 ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠴࠶ࡊ㕙㧔㓸Ⓧ࿁〝㕙߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߶߁ߩ
㕙㧕ߩ⴫㕙☻ߐ㧔▚ⴚᐔဋ㧕ߪ࡜࠶ࡊ઀਄ߍߩ႐
ว 0.1 ~ 0.4 μm ߩ▸࿐ߦ޽ࠆ㧚᛼಴ߒ·ᒁᛮ߈Ꮏ⒟ߢ⵾ㅧߐࠇߚવᾲ▤ߩ⴫㕙☻ߐߪ߅ࠃߘ 2 μm ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ㕙਄ߩ⊒ᵃᩭሽ࿷⏕₸ߪߎࠇߛߌߢ߽߆ߥࠅૐ޿ߣផ᷹಴᧪ࠆ㧚ᦝߦ㧘⋥ធᶐẃ಄ළߦ↪޿ࠆ૞േᵹ૕ߢ޽ࠆࡈࡠ࡝࠽࡯
࠻ߪ࿕૕㕙ߣߩⷫ๺ജ߇ᄢ߈ߊ㧘⊒ᵃᩭߪᶖṌߒ߿ߔ޿㧚࠴࠶ࡊ਄ߩᾲᵹ᧤ߪవߦ଀ߣߒߡ᜼ߍߚ
ᢙ୯ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈޿߆ࠄ㧘⊒ᵃὐᢙߪჇ߃ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘⊒ᵃ⏕₸ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ᔨߪᶖ߃ߥ޿㧚࠴࠶ࡊߩ಄ළ
ᣇᑼߦ A ߣ B ߇޽ߞߚߣߒࠃ߁㧚A ߪᾲવዉߣኻ
ᵹવᾲߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘વᾲ⸃ᨆߩ੍᷹⏕ᐲ߇㜞޿㧚B ߪᴣ㛛಄ළߢ಄ළᕈ⢻ߪ㜞޿ߣᦼᓙ಴᧪ࠆ߽ߩ
ߩ㧘ታ㓙ߦ㜞޿ᾲવ㆐₸߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ⏕₸ߪਇ᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ႐ว㧘ᯏེ⸳⸘⠪ߪ A ᣇᑼࠍㆬᛯߔࠆ㧚ᴣ㛛಄ළ߇㓸Ⓧ࿁〝࠴࠶ࡊ಄ළߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߚታ଀ߪࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ ETA-10 એᄖߦߪή޿[77]㧚ETA-10 ߪ㔚ሶ࿁〝ߩേ૞ㅦᐲ߇ᭂ
ૐ᷷ⅣႺਅߢะ਄ߔࠆ․ᕈࠍ೑↪ߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘಄ළߦߪᶧ૕⓸⚛ߩᴣ㛛ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚ᛛⴚ⊛ߦߪ߆ߥࠅᗧ᰼⊛ߥ⸳⸘߇ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘᧲Ꮏᄢߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ
࡯࠲࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦណ↪ߐࠇߚᤨᦼ㧔1990 ᐕઍೋ߼㧕߇ ޽ ߞ ߚ 㧚 ߘ ߩᓟ㧘 ⵾ㅧర߇⚻༡ਇ ᝄߦ㒱ࠅETA-10 ߪㅌ႐ߒߚ㧚⊒ᵃ⏕₸ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆታ↪ൻ߳ߩ㓚ოࠍ㒰ߊߦߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊ㕙ߦ⊒ᵃࠍଦߔᓸ⚦⴫㕙᭴ㅧࠍ⸳ߌࠆᣇᴺ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 46 -

߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦࠃࠅ⊒ᵃ߇ଦㅴߐࠇࠇ
߫ᾲવ㆐߽ଦㅴߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ⋡ᮡ߳ะߌߡ
⒳‫⴫ߩޘ‬㕙᭴ㅧ߇ᄙᢙߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠅ⠨᩺ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚╩⠪ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ[78]㧘ᧄ↰ඳ㧘㜞᧻ᵗవ↢ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ[79]ߪᄙᢙߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠕߩߥ߆ߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߣߎࠈߢᴣ㛛વᾲࠍታᯏེߦ↪޿ࠆ㓙㧘⸳⸘࠺࡯࠲ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߚ߼ߩታ㛎ߪᰳ߆ߖߥ޿㧚వߦ߽ㅀߴ
ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߪታᯏེ߇චಽߦᄢ߈ߊ㧘❗
ዊࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎߆ࠄ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇಴
᧪ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘㓸Ⓧ࿁〝࠴࠶ࡊߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆࡒࠢ
ࡠવᾲᯏེߢߪታኸᴺߩ⹜㛎 ߢታ㛎ߖߑࠆࠍ߃
ߥ޿㧚ߎߎߢవߦ߽⸅ࠇߚߎߣ[72]ߣห⾰ߩ⺖㗴߇޽ࠅ㧘ߎߩ⺖㗴ߪ࠴࠶ࡊߩᴣ㛛಄ළߦ㒢ࠄߥ޿㧚੹ᣣ⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ౝߩੑ
⋧ᵹᾲવ㆐ߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎⎇ⓥߩ⺖㗴ߢ߽޽ࠆ㧚 ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ౝߩੑ⋧ᵹવᾲߦ૗߆ᧂ⍮ߩࡔ ࠞ࠾ ࠭ࡓ ߇௛޿ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߛ ߣႎ ๔ߒ ߚ
Peng ߣ Wang ߩ⺰ᢥ[80]ߪ㧘ߘߩᓟߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߦ
㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥߦᔅߕᒁ↪ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧚ࠃߊ⺒ࠎߢߺࠆߣ㧘ᦨೋߩ᳇ᵃ⊒↢߇⹜㛎࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߣ೨ᓟߦ޽ࠆᶧḳ߼ߣߩ㑆ߩធ⸅႐ᚲߦ޽ࠆ
ߣ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚หߓ㗃㧘╩⠪ߩ⎇ⓥቶߢ߽ࡑࠗ
ࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ࠍߒߡ޿ߡ㧘ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ߣᶧଏ⛎ࡑ࠾ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠼ߩធὐ߆ࠄ
ߩ⊒ᵃ߇వⴕߒ㧘ߎࠇߢߪ⺰ᢥߦߪߥࠄߥ޿߆ߣ
ᕁߞߚ㧚ᓟᣣ⺰ᢥߦߪߒߚ߇[81]㧘ਇ⏕߆ߐߦኻߔࠆ ᔨ߇ᱷߞߚ㧚ᮨᡆ࠴࠶ࡊ߆ࠄߩᴣ㛛વᾲࠍ⺞ߴߚᧄ↰వ↢ࠄߩႎ๔[79]ߦߪ㧘࠴࠶ࡊߩ๟ㄝߢ
࡝࡯࠼ࡢࠗࡗࠍඨ↰ઃߒߚ▎ᚲ߆ࠄ⊒ᵃ߇ᆎ߹ߞߚߣ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥⷰኤߩႎ๔ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⺰ᢥክᩏߩᲑ㓏ߢታ㛎਄ߩਇ஻ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᜰ៰
ߐࠇࠆ⏕ᐲ߇㜞ߊ㧘ફߖߡߒ߹߁⺰ᢥ߽ᄙ޿ߣᕁ
ࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄖㇱⷐ࿃(extraneous
factor)߇ታ㛎⚿ᨐߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔ໧㗴ߪ㧘ࡒࠢࡠߐࠄߦ࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩવᾲ೙ᓮᯏེߩታ↪
ൻߦ㑐ࠊࠆᧄ⾰⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㔍ߒߊߡ߽ᱜ㕙߆ࠄขࠅ⚵߻ߴ߈⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚 ߐߡ㧘ࡒࠢࡠવᾲ೙ᓮᯏེߢታ↪ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ
߽ߩߩઍ⴫଀ߪࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߣࡃࡉ࡞ࠫࠚ࠶࠻ࡊ
࡝ࡦ࠲ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߪ૞േ㐿ᆎ೨߆ࠄᶧ
ߪ࠙ࠗ࠶ࠢߦ㧘⫳᳇ߪਛᔃㇱࠬࡍ࡯ࠬߦߣಽ㔌ߒߡ଻ᜬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘᳇ᵃ⊒↢⏕₸ߩ໧㗴ߪή޿㧚ࡃࡉ࡞ࠫࠚ࠶࠻ࡊ࡝ࡦ࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇ᵃ⊒↢ߪ㜞޿ኒᐲߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍࡄ࡞ࠬߢਈ߃㧘વᾲ㕙ዪ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
ᚲ᷷ᐲߪ⍴ᤨ㑆ߩ߁ߜߦ 300°C ࠍ⿧߃ࠆߣផቯߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚᳇ᵃ⊒↢ߪ homogeneous nucleation ߢ㧘વᾲ㕙਄ߩߊ߷ߺᩭߩᓎഀߪዊߐߊ㧘ᓥߞߡ᳇ᵃ⊒↢ߩౣ⃻ᕈ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㜞޿ߣ⸃㉼ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[82]㧚
Ᏹ᷷ㄭߊߢേ૞ߔࠆ࠴࠶ࡊ಄ළ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߿ࡃࠗࠝ
࠴࠶ࡊߢߪ㧘homogeneous nucleation ߪ೑↪಴᧪ߥ޿㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ㄭᐕ㑐ᔃ߇ነߖࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ⥄ബᝄേᾲャㅍ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ[31, 32]ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸅ࠇߡ߅߈ߚ޿㧚㐽࡞࡯ࡊౝߢᶧ૕ߣ⫳᳇ߩᩇߩ೉߇ᓴⅣߒߡടᾲㇱ߆ࠄ಄ළㇱ߳ᾲャㅍߔࠆ㧚⫳᳇ᩇߩടᾲㇱߢߩ⤘ᒛߣ಄ළㇱߢߩ෼❗߇ᓴⅣᵹߦᝄേലᨐࠍ㥳ߒߡ㧘ᾲャㅍ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆߣ੔߁ේℂߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿
ࠆ㧚ㅢᏱߩࡅ࡯࠻ࡄࠗࡊߣห᭽ߦേ૞೨߆ࠄ᳇⋧ߣᶧ⋧ߪಽ㔌ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ၮᧄ⊛ߥ㆑޿߽޽ࠆ㧚೨⠪ߢߪ᳇ᶧߪടᾲㇱߢࡄࠗࡊߩゲߦᴪߞߡ৻᭽
ߦಽ㔌ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ടᾲ߇ᆎ߹ࠆߣ࠙ࠗ࠶ࠢߦ଻
ᜬߐࠇߚᶧ⴫㕙߆ࠄ⫳⊒߇ᆎ߹ࠆ㧚⥄ബᝄേ࠺ࡃ
ࠗࠬߩ႐ว㧘ടᾲㇱߦ߅ߌࠆᶧ⋧ߣ᳇⋧ߩᩇߩಽᏓࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ೋᦼߩᝄേᵹ㚟േࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ᳿߼
ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘ߁ߛߣߔࠆߣ㧘േ૞ࠍᱛ߼ߚ
⋥ᓟ㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪേ૞ࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆ⋥೨ߦ㧘᳇ᶧߩᩇ߇ടᾲㇱߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߢሽ࿷ߔࠆ߆߇࠺
ࡃࠗࠬߩേ૞ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ࿃ሶߣߥࠈ߁㧚ߎߎߦ⏕₸ⷐ࿃߇౉ߞߡߊࠆ㧚ታ㓙ߩᯏེ಄ළߦᐢߊ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߦߪ㧘⏕₸ⷐ࿃ࠍታ㓙਄ήߊߔᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⥄ബᝄേ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߇ઁ
ߩᾲャㅍ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߦᲧߴ࿶ୟ⊛ߦఝ૏ߦ┙ߟ↪ㅜ߇಴ߡߊࠇ߫㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥߩ⫾Ⓧ߇ᵴ߈ߡߎ
ࠃ߁㧚Ᏹ᷷ㄭߊߩേ૞᷷ᐲߢ߽㧘᳇ᵃ⊒↢ᩭߩሽ࿷႐
ᚲߣ᳇ᵃᚑ㐳㐿ᆎᤨ㑆ࠍᜰቯߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥᛛⴚ
߇㐿⊒ߐࠇࠇ߫㧘᳇ᵃ⊒↢ࠍ઻߁ࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠺ࡃࠗ
ࠬߩ↪ㅜߪᐢ߇ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ታ㓙㧘MEMS 㔚ᭂ㑆ߩ᳓⚛ࡃࡉ࡞ߩ⊒↢ࠍ㧘᳇ᵃᚑ㐳ᯏ᭴ߩ⎇ⓥߦ೑↪ߔࠆ᩺߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[83]㧚ߎߩ଀߇␜ໂ
ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘MEMS㧘࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ାภߦၮߠߊࠪࡒࡘ
࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘೙ᓮࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬࠍⶄวߐߖߚᛛ
ⴚߩ㐿⊒߇ࡒࠢࡠવᾲᯏེߩ዁᧪ࠍᜏߊߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 ߅ࠊࠅߦ વᾲቇળߩ⊒ዷߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⥸⊛⠨ኤࠍ⸥ߒߚේ
Ⓜ[1]ߣ⇣ߥࠅ㧘ߎߩᐲߩ઀੐ߪવᾲᯏེߣ੔߁㒢વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 47 -

ቯߐࠇߚኻ⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥ㅀߢ޽ࠆ㧚ኻ⽎ࠍ㒢ߞߚ߇ߚ߼ߦ㧘⒳‫⾗ߩޘ‬ᢱߦ޽ࠄߚ߼ߡ⋡ࠍㅢߔᔅⷐ
ࠍᗵߓߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒᤨ㑆⊛೙⚂ߣ╩⠪ߩ⺒⸃ࠬࡇ࡯࠼ߩ೙⚂߇޽ࠅ㧘චಽߦ⺞ߴ਄ߍߚߣߪ೔ᐩ⸒߃
ߥ޿㧚ߘࠇߢ߽ቇળ⹹ߣࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚශ⽎߇޽ࠆ㧚વᾲᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠹࡯ࡑߪᄢቇߢߩၮ␆⎇ⓥߣ↥ᬺ⇇ߢߩᔕ↪ࠍ⚿߱㧘හߜ↥ቇㅪ៤࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽
ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળ߇↥ቇㅪ៤ߦᅤ૗ߦᔃࠍ⎈޿ߡ߈ߚ߆㧘વᾲ⎇ⓥ⹹ߩ㧝Ꮞ㧝ภ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩᓟ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ
෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⻉వヘߩ⺰⺑߿․㓸ߥߤ߆ࠄᒝߊ
ᗵߓߚ㧚ߘࠇߢ߽ߥ߅‫ޟ‬චಽߢߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬ੜ߆⥄⯦⊛ߣ߽ᕁ߃ࠆ෻⋭߇➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃
ߚ㧚╩⠪⥄りߪ↥ቇㅪ៤ଦㅴߩ FILGAP ߥࠆ⋴᧼ߛߌᕁ޿ߟ޿ߚ߇㧘ታ㓙ߦߪᄙᢙߩᣇ‫߇ޘ‬ᬌ⸛૞ᬺࠍㅢߓߡ↥ቇㅪ៤ߩ໧㗴ឭ⿠ࠍߒߡߊߛߐߞߚ㧚↥ቇㅪ៤߇ᗧ⼂ߐࠇࠆ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘ᧄቇળߢℂቇ⊛ၮ␆⎇ⓥߣታ↪ᯏེኻ⽎ߩᔕ↪⎇ⓥ߇౒ሽߒߡ޿
ࠆ੐ᖱ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⁁ᴫߪ੹ᓟ߽ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߣᕁ
߁ߒ㧘߻ߒࠈᧄቇળߩ․ᓽߣ߽੔߃ࠆߩߢ⛯ߌߡ޿߆ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚‫ޟ‬ᓎߦ┙ߟ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᓎߦ┙
ߚߥ޿⎇ⓥ‫ࠍޠ‬Ꮌࠆ⼏⺰ߪᧄቇળ߇࡙࠾࡯ࠢߢ޽
ࠆߎߣߩ⸽Ꮐߣขߞߡ߽ࠃ޿ߩߢߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߆㧚⢄ᔃߥߎߣߪߤߜࠄߩㇱ㘃ߩ⎇ⓥߦߒߡ߽㧘㕙⊕ߊߩ߼ࠅߎ߻⒳ࠍ⒁߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚㕙⊕޿⎇ⓥߪᧂ᧪ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᄢቇߢߪቇ↢߇ᧂ᧪ࠍ᳞߼
ߡવᾲ⎇ⓥቶߦ㓸߹ࠅ㧘વᾲቇળߦടࠊࠆ㧚ડᬺߩᛛⴚ⠪㧘⎇ⓥ⠪ߪᛛⴚߩ዁᧪௝ࠍ᳞߼ߡቇળߦ
ෳ㓸ߔࠆ㧚ડᬺ⚻༡⠪ߪડᬺ⊒ዷߩߚ߼ߩᛛⴚ⍮⷗ࠍᓧࠆ႐ᚲߣߒߡቇળࠍࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ㧚̈વᾲ̉ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧘ࡃࠗࠝ㧘࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߥߤ޽ࠄࠁࠆᛛⴚಽ㊁ࠍᮮᢿ⊛ߦ⚿߱൮᜝⊛⍮⼂૕♽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚વᾲቇળߪ 21 ਎♿ߦᔅⷐߥႺ⇇㗔ၞቇળ߳ߣᚑ㐳ߒߡࠁߊẜ࿷ജࠍ⒁߼
ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄⓂߢഀᗲߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚવᾲᯏེߦ㑐ߔࠆ⹤㗴ߪᄙᢙ޽ࠆ㧚વᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜
ࡓࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘లႯጀ㧘⫾಄ᾲ㧘Άᢱ㔚ᳰ㧘ቝቮᔕ↪ᯏེߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫߇ᄙᢙ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥߪㅪ✎ߣ⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅᛛⴚ⫾Ⓧߩ⼾߆ߐࠍુࠊߖࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᧄⓂߢኻ⽎ߣߒߚᯏེߦ
㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ߽㧘⸒෸ߒߚ⎇ⓥߩ߶߆ߦᄙᢙߩ㊀ⷐߥ⎇ⓥ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚᳁ฬࠍ᜼ߍߐߖߡ㗂޿ߚ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ߶߆ߦ߽㊀ⷐߥ⽸₂ࠍߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪJ. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
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- 50 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ

ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴⢻ജᒝൻߦ⽸₂ߔࠆવᾲᎿቇߣᢎ⢒ߩߔߔ߼
Thermal Engineering & Education Contributing to Sustainable Innovation Capabilityᨷᬀ✍ᄦ㧔⦼ᶆᎿᬺᄢቇ㧕Ayao TSUGE㧔Shibaura Institute of Technology㧕
e-mail: president@shibaura-it.ac.jp㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
21 ਎♿߽ᣧ㧘ߪߓ߼ߩ 10 ᐕ߇ㆊ߉㧘਎⇇ߪⅣႺ࡮ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮⚻ᷣ㧘߅ࠃ߮᡽ᴦߣ␠ળࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓ㧘ߐࠄߦߪᢎ⢒߽฽߼ߡỗߒ޿ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
ߩầᵹߩ⌀ߞดਛߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩਛߢᣣᧄߛߌ߇ᄢ
߈ߊขࠅᱷߐࠇ㧘⽶ߩࠬࡄࠗ࡜࡞᭴ㅧߦ㒱ߞߡᴉߺࠁߊෂᯏᗵߩ౒᦭߇㧘⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߩ␠ળ⊛૶๮ࠍᜬߟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒࠕߦ੹㧘᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴߣ⑔ፉේ⊒੐᡿ߣ޿߁࿖
㔍ߦㆣㆄߒߚᣣᧄߪ㧘᣿ᴦ⛽ᣂ㧘ᢌᚢᓟߩᚢᓟᓳ
⥝ߦᰴߋ╙ਃߩ࿖ഃࠅߩ㊀ᄢᄌ㕟ᦼߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߃
ࠆ㧚ዋሶ㜞㦂ൻߣഭ௛ੱญ߇⏕ታߦᷫዋߔࠆ 21਎♿ߩᣣᧄߩᵴ〝ࠍಾࠅᜏߊߦߪ㧘ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⑼ቇᛛⴚ㚟േဳߩࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴⢻ജߩᒝൻߣ㧘ߘࠇࠍታ⃻ߔࠆੱ᧚⢒ᚑ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼ߦߪ㧘୘೎ߩ⑼ቇ⊛⍮ߩഃㅧ㧔⹺⼂⑼ቇ㧕ੱ᧚ߣ⑼ቇ⊛⍮ߩഃㅧࠍ⛔วߒߡ㧘␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ߩഃㅧ㧔⸳⸘⑼ቇ㧕ࠍᜂ߁ੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑࠍਗⴕߒߡታ⃻ߖߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚[1]⹺⼂⑼ቇߦ┙⣉ߒߚ⸳⸘⑼ቇߣ߽⸒߁ߴ߈વᾲ
Ꮏቇߪ㧘ߘߩቇⴚߘߩ߽ߩߩㅴዷߣߣ߽ߦ㧘20 ਎♿ߩᣣᧄߣ਎⇇ߩ⊒ዷߣ㧘ߘࠇࠍ‧ᒁߒߚ↥ᬺ⇇ߣᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ⇇෸߮ⴕ᡽ߦ߅ߌࠆᄙ᭽ߥੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑ
ߦ߽⽸₂ߒߡ߈ߚ⹶ࠆߴ߈ᱧผ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍᯏߦ㧘Ꮏቇߩේὐߦ┙ߜᚯߞߡ‫ޟ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆવᾲᎿቇߣᢎ⢒‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬⠨߃ࠆ㧚㧞㧚Ꮏቇߩේὐ߳ߩ࿁Ꮻߩᔅⷐᕈ
 㧞㧝਎♿ߦᎿቇ߇ㆣㆄߔࠆਃߟߩ᜛ᢔߣ
ᢎ⢒ߩ㊀ᄢෂᯏ Ꮏቇߣ⑼ቇᛛⴚ㕟ᣂߩᚑᨐ߇␠ળߣ↢ᵴߦᷓߊᶐㅘߒߚ 21 ਎♿ߩ੹㧘ᛛⴚߩ૕♽ൻߣߒߡߩᎿቇ
ߪਃߟߩ᜛ᢔߦㆣㆄߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚[3]╙ 1 ߪ࠲―ࠥ࠶࠻㧔⋡ᮡ㧕ߩ᜛ᢔߢ޽ࠆ㧚Ꮏቇ߇⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ߪ㧘ੱ㑆࡮↢ᵴ࡮␠ળ࡮

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

- 51 -

਎⇇ߣ࿾⃿㧘ቝቮ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ↢๮ߦ߹ߢᐢ߇ߞߡ
޿ࠆ㧚
╙ 2 ߪࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ㧔቞஻▸࿐㧕ߩ᜛ᢔߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠃࠅᣧߊ㧘቟ߊ㧘቟ోߢ㜞ല₸ߦട߃ߡ㧘቟ᔃ߿ᔃߩ
ḩ⿷߹ߢ߽቞஻▸࿐߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦᎿቇߪ㧘⚐☴⑼ቇߩ⚦ಽൻߦ઻޿␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ൻߦะߌߚ⍮ߣଔ୯ߩ⛔วᓎߩᓎഀ߹ߢ㧘ߘߩ቞஻▸࿐߇᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚╙ 3 ߪ࠺ࠖࠪࡊ࡝ࡦ㧔ቇ໧ಽ㊁㧕ߩ᜛ᢔߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ᜛ᢔߪⷐ⚛ㆶర⊛ߥᜰะߩቇⴚߩኋ๮ߣ
޿߃ࠆ߇㧘໧㗴ߪ㧘ᢎ⢒ࠍᜂ߁ቇⴚ⇇ߩ૶๮ߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޟ‬21 ਎♿ߩ⥄↱Ꮢ᳃⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᢎ⢒‫ߣޠ‬㧘‫␠ޟ‬ળߩߚ߼ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩታ⃻‫ߩ߳ޠ‬ቇⴚ࡮ᢎ⢒⇇ߩࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦⷰ߇Ꮧ⭯ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߩᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⽶ߩࠬࡄࠗ࡜࡞᭴ㅧߣෂᯏ⊛᭽⋧߇⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧚Ԙೋ╬࡮ਛ╬ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆℂᢙᢎ⢒ߣ␠ળ߅ࠃ߮
ᛛⴚᢎ⢒ߣߩਵ㔌࡮࡮࡮⑼ቇᛛⴚߣ↢ᵴ࡮␠ળߣߩㅪ㑐ᢎ⢒ߩᰳ⪭ԙਛቇ↢ߩℂᎿቇ߳ߩㅴቇᗧ᰼ߩ⴮ㅌ
Ԛᢥ♽࡮ℂ♽ߣ߽ߦ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞ࠕ࡯࠷ᢎ⢒ലᨐߩૐਅ࡮࡮࡮㜞ᐲ⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱Ꮢ᳃ߣߒߡߩ⚛㙃ߩഠൻ
ԛℂᎿ♽ᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߩ⾰ߣലᨐߩૐਅ࡮࡮࡮↥ᬺߩⷐ᳞ߣߩࡒࠬࡑ࠶࠴㧘ࡐࠬ࠼ࠢ໧㗴ߩ㗼࿷ൻ㧘ඳ჻⺖⒟ㅴቇૐਅ࡮࡮࡮ᣣᧄߩ㜞ᐲ⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળߟߊࠅ⢻ജ༚ᄬߩෂᯏ
Ԝ㜞ᐲ⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળߩ⥄↱Ꮢ᳃ߣߒߡ⼾߆ߦ↢߈ࠆᣂ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞ࠕ࡯࠷⚛㙃ߩૐਅߣ㧘ሶߤ߽㆐߳
ߩ⽶ߩㅪ㎮ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߢߪ‫ޟ‬࿖ࠍ᜼ߍߚ⑼ቇᛛⴚ┙࿖ഃࠅ‫⍾߇ޠ‬਄ߩᭈ㑑ߣߥࠆᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆ㧚 Ꮏቇߩේὐߪ‫ޟ‬Ꮏ‫ߩޠ‬ሼ߇⴫ࠊߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ੱޟ‬㑆ߦࠃࠆᄤߣ࿾ߩⓨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ଔ୯޽ࠆ߽ߩߩഃ
ㅧߩ༡ߺ‫ࠆ߃⸒ߣޠ‬㧚㜞ᐲ⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળߣ㜞ઃടଔ୯࠰ࡈ࠻࡮ࡂ࡯࠼ߩ߽ߩߠߊࠅ↥ᬺࠍᡰ߃ࠆੱ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡߥ޿㧚 ৻ᣇ㧘20 ਎♿ߩࠠࡖ࠶࠴ࠕ࠶ࡊဳ߆ࠄࡈࡠࡦ࠻
࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳߦ౉ߞߚ 21 ਎♿ߩᣣᧄߩࠗࡁࡌ࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦഃ಴ߩታ⃻ߪ㧘࿑ 2 ߦ␜ߔߏߣߊ⋉‫ޘ‬㔍ߒߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘21 ਎♿ߩࠗࡁࡌ࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦ߇ታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߔᏂᄢⶄ㔀ൻߔࠆ␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓഃࠅߦᔅⷐߥ⑼ቇᛛⴚߩࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞᏷߇߹ߔ
߹ߔᐢ߇ࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᛛⴚ
⟲ߩ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻ㧘㜞ା㗬ᕈൻ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ቟ᔃߩ᭽ߦ
ᔃߩḩ⿷߹ߢ߽ḩߚߔߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ
ߦ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߐߦ㧘ࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦഃ಴ߩⷐߪ㧘Ꮒᄢⶄ㔀♽␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ
᭴ᚑߔࠆ‫ޟ‬୘೎ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚഃㅧ‫ߣޠ‬㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ‫⛔ޟ‬วൻ⢻ജ‫ߩޠ‬ਔᣇߩ⢻ജ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ㧚␠ળࠍᡰ߃ࠆᎿቇ㧘․ߦવᾲᎿቇߩᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ߎߩ‫⛔ޟ‬วൻ⢻ജߩ⎇ⓥߣੱ᧚⢒ᚑ‫ࠍޠ‬ᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ
߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚[2]㧘[3]᧚⢒ᚑߣᢎ⢒ߩߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⃻⁁ߪ㧘߹ߐߦ࿖ഃࠅ
ߩෂᯏ⊛⁁ᴫߣ⹺⼂ߖߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ቇⴚ⇇․ߦ
Ꮏቇಽ㊁ߩᄢቇᢎຬߪ㧘ߎߩⷞᐳߦ┙ߞߚ 21 ਎♿
ߩ⥄↱Ꮢ᳃⢒ᚑࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚᢎ⢒ߣ㧘␠ળߩߚ߼ߩ
⑼ቇᛛⴚታ⃻߳ߩ૶๮ᗵࠍ৻ጀᒝߊߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥ෸߮␠ળ⽸₂ߦታ〣ߔࠆߎߣ߇༛✕ߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ⌀ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚഃㅧ┙࿖ഃࠅߩⷐ ੱ᧚એᄖߦ⾗Ḯߦ⽺ߒ޿ᣣᧄߦߣߞߡ⌀ߩ⑼ቇ
ᛛⴚഃㅧ┙࿖ࠍഃࠆߎߣߪ㧘࿖ߩሽ੢ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᭂ
߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥ࿖╷⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ⺰ࠍ଼ߚߥ޿㧚឵⸒ߔࠇ߫㧘ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⑼ቇᛛⴚ㚟േဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴⢻ജࠍᅤ૗ߦ᭴▽ߒᒝൻߒ⛯ߌߡ޿ߊ߆࿖ഃࠅߩⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩⷐࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ㧚␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ߩഃㅧߩၮ⋚ߦߪ㧘⑼ቇᛛⴚ⊛⍮ߩഃㅧ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻ၮ␆⎇ⓥߣ⋡⊛ၮ␆࡮ᔕ↪⎇ⓥ⢻ജࠍ⢒߻᡽╷⋡⊛⎇ⓥ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ⸒߁߹ߢ
߽ߥ޿߇㧘ߎࠇࠄߩଔ୯⹏ଔ߇⋧㆑ߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇ
ߩ⢻ജߣଔ୯ഃㅧᵴേࠍ㧘⚿ว࡮⛔วߒ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ࠍഃㅧߔࠆ⢻ജߩ⎇ⓥߣੱ᧚⢒ᚑ߽Ꮏቇߩ
⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍౣ⹺⼂ߖߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚࿑ 1 ⌀ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ┙࿖ߟߊࠅߩⷐ
㨪ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⢻ജ᭴▽㨪Ꮏቇ㧘․ߦવᾲᎿቇߪ 20 ਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡߪߎߩ⹺
⼂ߩ߽ߣߢ㧘ᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߣࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߳ߩෳ
ടߩਃ૏৻૕⊛ߥታ〣ߦࠃߞߡ㧘᏷ᐢ޿ੱ᧚ࠍ⢒ᚑߒ㧘หᤨߦቇⴚߩ⊒ዷߣ␠ળ߳ߩ⽸₂ࠍታⴕߒߡ߈ߚߎߣࠍ㧘21 ਎♿ߩ੹㧘⑳ߚߜવᾲᎿቇߩ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߦ⽿ࠍᜬߟ߽ߩߪౣ⹺⼂ߒߡ㧘ߘߩ⛮⛯⊛ታ〣ߣ৻ጀߩᒝൻࠍᔃ߇ߌߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚೨ㅀߩᎿቇ߇ㆣㆄߔࠆ 3 ߟߩ᜛ᢔ⃻⽎ߦᵹߐࠇߡ㧘વᾲᎿቇߩ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒⇇ߪߎߩ૶๮ࠍᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

- 52 -

࿑ 2 ࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߩ
㔍ߒߐ ࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታ⃻ߔࠆੱ᧚௝ 
 21 ਎♿ߩࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
ഃ಴ࠍᜂ߁ੱ᧚௝ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ㧘ߘߩ⢒ᚑߦะߌߚ
ᢎ⢒ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ߿ࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓ૕♽ࠍౕ૕ൻߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆቇ↢࡮↢ᓤߦ߽⷗߃ࠆൻߔࠆߎߣ
߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᢎ⢒⃻႐ߢߩታᘒߪೋਛ╬ᢎ⢒෸߮㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ਇචಽߥ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆ㧚ೋਛ╬෸߮㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߩ⃻႐ߦ߽ᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ
ᦼᓙߒߡ㧘਎⇇ࠍ࡝࡯࠼ߔࠆࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳ
ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ᭴ㅧߣ⢒ᚑߔߴ߈ੱ᧚௝ࠍ࿑ 3ߦ␜ߔ㧚߹ߕ㧘࠻࠶ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ㊀ⷐ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
⍮ᣂߩ߽ߣ㧘Ꮏቇߩේὐߦ┙ߞߚᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߣ␠
ળ⽸₂ᵴേ㧔ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߳ߩෳ↹㧕ߩਃ૏৻૕⊛ታ〣ߩࡠ࡯࡞ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ
޿ࠆ㧚ߥⷐ⚛ᛛⴚߦ Differentiator ᛛⴚ߇޽ࠆ㧚Ꮕ⇣ൻᛛⴚߣ⸶ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ߇㧘“ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣᔅߕ┹੎ߦൎߡࠆᛛⴚ”ߣ߽ቯ⟵ߢ߈ࠆ㧚
ߎߩ Differentiator ᛛⴚࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔੱ᧚ࠍ Type-Dဳੱ᧚ߣ๭߱㧚ߤߜࠄ߆ߣ޿߁ߣ“޽ࠆ߽ߩࠍត᳞
ߔࠆ⹺⼂⑼ቇᜰะߩੱ᧚ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚“૗ߩߚ߼ߦ
ត᳞ߔࠆ߆㧫”ߣ໧߁ߴ߈ߢߪߥ޿⚐☴⑼ቇ߽ᤚ
ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠃ߁㧚⍮⊛ᅢᄸᔃߦࠃࠆၮ␆⎇ⓥ
ߩᚑᨐ߇㧘ߚ߹ߚ߹ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩḮߦߥࠆ੐଀ࠍᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚৻ᣇ㧘వ┵⸘᷹ᛛⴚ╬ߩ᭽ߦ㧘੹߹ߢߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ Enabler ᛛⴚ㧔น⢻ൻᛛⴚߣ⸶ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ㧕ߩഃㅧࠍᜂ߁ੱ᧚ࠍ
Type-E ဳੱ᧚ߣ๭߱㧚⹺⼂⑼ቇߣ㧘␠ળ߇᳞߼ࠆ
޽ࠆߴ߈߽ߩࠍត᳞ߔࠆ⸳⸘⑼ቇߩਔベࠍ૬ߖᜬߟੱ᧚ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚ᦝߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⍮ߩഃㅧߩᚑᨐࠍ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆࡂ࡯࠼࡮࠰ࡈ࠻߿␠ળࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦᒻߠ
ߊࠆ㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆ㜞ઃടଔ୯ഃㅧဳ߽ߩߠߊࠅࠍᜂ
߁ၮ⋚⊛㧔Base㧕ੱ᧚ࠍ Type-B ੱ᧚ߣ๭߱㧚ᚒ߇࿖ߩ↥ᬺࠍᡰ߃ߡ޿ࠆࡂ࡯࠼࡮࠰ࡈ࠻෸߮ࠪࠬ
࠹ࡓߩ⵾ㅧ⃻႐ࠍᜂ߁㊀ⷐߥ↥ᬺၮ⋚⊛ੱ᧚ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᦝߦᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ੱ᧚ߣߒߡ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬ଔ୯ߣ⍮ࠍ⛔ว࡮⚿วߒߡᣂߚߥ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ࠍഃㅧ㧔ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧕ߔࠆੱ᧚ࠍ㧘‫ޟ‬ᢙቇߩ✚๺㧦Σ‫ߣޠ‬㑐ㅪߠߌߡ Σ-ဳ⛔ว⢻ജੱ᧚ߣ๭߱㧚ⷐ⚛ㆶర⊛ߥቇⴚߪ Type-D ဳ෸߮ Type-E ဳߩ⎇ⓥࠍᔒะߖߑࠆ߃ߧ⁁ᴫਅߢ㧘ೋਛ╬ᢎ⢒߆ࠄ㜞╬ᢎ⢒⃻႐ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘Type-B ੱ᧚ߣ Type-Σ ߩᢎ⢒ߣੱ᧚⢒ᚑᯏ⢻߇ᒙ૕ൻ㧘Ꮧ⭯ൻߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᢎ⢒ߣ⑼ቇᛛⴚⴕ᡽ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ߎߩⷞὐߦ┙ߞߚᢎ⢒ߣ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝᡽╷ߣᛩ⾗߇Ꮧ⭯ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦෂᯏᗵࠍᜬߟ㧚[2] Ꮏቇߪߘߩේὐߦ㧘␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ߩഃㅧࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㧚20 ਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡߪߘߩታ⃻ߩߚ߼㧘↥ᬺ⇇ߣᢎ⢒⇇ߪද௛ߒߥ߇ࠄ Type-B ဳ߿ Type-Σဳੱ᧚ߩᢎ⢒ߣ⢒ᚑᯏ⢻ࠍ㒶ߦ㓁ߦᜬߞߡ޿ߚ㧚․ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮ⅣႺಽ㊁ߩࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍᜂ
߁ੱ᧚ࠍᄙᢙヘ಴ߒߡ߈ߚવᾲᎿቇߪ㧘ߎߩవ㗡ߦ┙ߞߚᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥߩታ〣ߩ⹶ࠆߴ߈ᱧผࠍᜬߟ
ߎߣࠍᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚
21 ਎♿ߩ੹㧘વᾲᎿቇߩᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ㧘Ꮏቇ߇ㆣㆄߔࠆ 3 ߟߩ᜛ᢔߦᵹߐࠇࠆߎߣήߊ㧘᷷᡿

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 3 ࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ
ታ⃻ߔࠆੱ᧚௝
 Ꮏቇᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥߩේὐ࿁Ꮻࠍଦߔầᵹ એ਄ߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߣᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥߩ⃻⁁ߦኻߔࠆෂ
ᯏᗵ㧘߅ࠃ߮ߘߩᓳరߦะߌߚầᵹߪᣢߦ㗼࿷ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪવᾲᢎ⢒࡮⎇ⓥ⠪ߪᵈ⋡ߖߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚╩⠪߇ਥᩏࠍദ߼ࠆᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚ
ክ⼏ળੱ᧚ᆔຬળߪ㧘ߘߩ╙ 4 ᰴឭ⸒ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘਄ㅀߒߚᢎ⢒ߩෂᯏߩ⹺⼂ߦ┙ߞߡ‫ޟ‬ឭ⸒㧦⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળࠍ‧ᒁߔࠆੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑߣᵴべߩଦㅴߦะߌߡ‫[ޠ‬4]ࠍ౏⴫ߒ㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 8 ᦬߆ࠄ㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ╙ 4 ᦼ⑼ቇᛛⴚၮᧄ⸘↹߳ߩౕ૕⊛ߥ෻ᤋࠍⴕߞߚ㧚╙ 4 ᦼ⑼ቇᛛⴚၮᧄ⸘↹[5]ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⑼ቇᛛⴚ᡽╷ߣࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ᡽╷ࠍਔベߣߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆੱ᧚⢒ᚑ᡽╷ߩᒝൻࠍ⻭ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩ᡽╷ߦߪ㧘ᧄᐕ 3 ᦬ߦ⊒↢ߒߚ᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴߣ⑔ፉේ⊒੐᡿߆ࠄߩᣣᧄߩᣂ↢ߦะߌߚ㊀ⷐ߆ߟ༛✕ߩ␠ળ⊛⺖㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦะߌߚࠗࡁࡌ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦ᡽╷߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ㧚߹ߐߦᚒ߇࿖ߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ᡽╷ߩၮᧄߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߘߩ␠ળ⊛૶๮ࠍࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߔߥࠊߜ␠
ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ߩഃㅧߣ૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ↹ᦼ⊛ߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚หᤨߦ੹߹ߢߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ᡽╷ߣᢎ⢒᡽╷ߢߪਇචಽߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣߩ
࿎㔍ߐߣ㧘ߔߢߦᣣᧄߪ਎⇇ߩầᵹߦㆃࠇߡ޿ࠆ
ߣ޿߁✕ᕆᕈߩ㕙߆ࠄߩ࿖ኅ⊛㊀ⷐ⺖㗴ࠍᡷ߼ߡᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ߎߩ⹺⼂ߦ┙ߞߡ㧘╩⠪߽ᆔຬߣߒߡෳടߒߡ

- 53 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

․㓸㧦ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ߡ
޿ࠆᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚክ⼏ળߪ੹ᓟߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚ᡽╷ߩᬌ⸛ߩⷞὐߣߒߡ㧘ᰴߩၮᧄᣇ㊎ࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߚ㧚[6]1㧚᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴߦߟ޿ߡߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚߩⷰ
ὐ߆ࠄߩᬌ⸽
2㧚⺖㗴⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߩቇ㓙⎇ⓥ߿ಽ㊁㑆ㅪ៤␠ળ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ᭽‫⺖ߥޘ‬㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߦ୘‫ߩޘ‬ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ࠍ⿧߃ߡ㧘᭽‫ߥޘ‬㗔ၞߦ߹ߚ߇ࠆቇ㓙⎇ⓥ߿ಽ㊁㑆ߩㅪ៤߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆㧚․ߦ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⠪ߣੱᢥ࡮␠ળ⑼ቇ⠪ߣߩㅪ៤߇ߥߐࠇߡ
޿ࠆ߆㧚߹ߚ㧘␠ળ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ᭽‫⺖ߥޘ‬㗴ࠍ⊛⏕ߦᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ߪ૗߆㧚⺖㗴⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߩቇ㓙⎇ⓥ
߿ಽ㊁㑆ㅪ៤ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ᔅⷐ߆㧚
ߐࠄߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄࠍᡰ߃ࠆੱ᧚⢒ᚑߩߚ߼ߩᣇ╷ߣߒߡ૗߇ᔅⷐ߆㧚㧔એਅ⋭⇛㧕
ߎࠇࠄߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚ⇇෸߮㑐ㅪ᡽╷ߩᄌൻߪ㧘␠ળߩߚ߼ߩଔ୯ഃㅧߣੱ᧚⢒ᚑ࡮ᢎ⢒ࠍ૶๮ߣߔࠆᎿቇ㧘․ߦવᾲᎿቇߩේὐ࿁Ꮻߣߘߩታ
〣ߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘ᄢᄌᔃᒝ޿ầᵹߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚หᤨߦ㧘વᾲᎿቇߪߘߩ␠ળ⊛૶๮ߩේὐߦ┙ߞߡᡷ߼ߡᝄࠅ㄰ࠆߣ㧘୘೎ߩቇⴚ࠺ࠖࠪࡊ࡝ࡦ
ߦ┙⣉ߒߟߟ߽㧘Ꮒᄢⶄ㔀♽␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ
ഃᚑࠍᜂ߁✚วᎿቇߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᡷ߼ߡ⹺⼂ߔࠆ㧚឵⸒ߔࠆߣ㧘વᾲᎿቇߪ⌀ℂࠍតⓥߔࠆ⹺⼂⑼ቇߣߒߡㅴዷߐߖࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈએ਄ߦ㧘Ꮒᄢⶄ㔀♽␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍഃᚑߔࠆ 21 ਎♿ߩࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦജࠍᡰ߃ࠆ✚วᎿቇ[7]ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌߡ㧘ᢎ⢒ߣ⎇ⓥߣ␠ળ⽸
₂ࠍᒝൻߔࠆᤨᦼߦ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚㧟㧚߻ߔ߮ ᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍᯏߦ㧘20 ਎♿ߩᣣᧄߣ਎⇇ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ⽸₂ߒ㧘หᤨߦߘߩታ⃻ࠍᜂ߁↥ቇቭ⇇ߩ᏷ᐢ޿ੱ᧚ࠍᢎ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

- 54 -⢒ߒ㧘ヘ಴ߒߡ߈ߚવᾲᎿቇߩ⹶ࠆߴ߈ᱧผࠍౣ
⹺⼂ߒߚ޿㧚
หᤨߦ㧘વᾲᎿቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪࡮ᛛⴚ⠪෸߮ᢎ⢒⠪ߪ㧘21 ਎♿ߩᣣᧄߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ⊒ዷߦะߌߚᢎ
⢒࡮⎇ⓥ࡮ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ߩਃ૏৻૕ផㅴߣ
޿߁␠ળ⊛૶๮߇⋉‫ޘ‬㊀ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ㧘ߐࠄߦߘߩታ〣ߩ㔍ߒߐߩ⏕⹺ߣᣂߚߥࠆⷡᖗߣ᜸ᚢ
߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ
 “ൎ⽶ߪߎߩ 10 ᐕ㧘ᡷ㕟ߣ᜸ᚢߪ੹㧍”ߩⷡᖗࠍᜬߞߡ㧘ᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩᣂߚߥࠆ 10 ᐕߩᱧผࠍ
▽ߎ߁ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߆㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
[1] ᣣᧄቇⴚળ⼏㧘⑼ቇ⠪ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߣ⍮ߩ⛔
วᆔຬળ㧘ឭ⸒‫ޟ‬⍮ߩ⛔ว̆␠ળߩߚ߼ߩ⑼ቇߦะߌߡ‫ޠ‬㧘
㧔2007 ᐕ㧕[2] ᨷᬀ✍ᄦ㧘ᜬ⛯⊛ࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴⢻ജᒝൻߦࠃࠆᣣᧄᣂ↢ߦะߌߡ㧘Beyond Innovation‫ߡ߃⿥ࠍޠ⺰⼏ߩࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࡌࡁࠗޟ‬㧘ਣༀࡊ࡜ࡀ࠶࠻␠㧘╙ 2 ┨㧘p29㧘
㧔2009㧕
[3] ᣣᧄቇⴚળ⼏✚วᎿቇᆔຬળႎ๔㧘Ꮒᄢⶄ㔀♽␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩഃᚑജᒝൻ̆⑼ቇᛛⴚ
㚟േဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃ಴ജᒝൻߦะߌߡ㧘2011 ᐕ 8 ᦬[4] ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚክ⼏ળੱ᧚ᆔຬળ㧘⍮⼂ၮ⋚␠ળߣ‧ᒁߔࠆੱ᧚ߩ⢒ᚑߣᵴべߩଦㅴߦะߌߡ㧘ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 8 ᦬㧔2009㧕.
[5] ╙㧠ᦼ⑼ቇᛛⴚၮᧄ⸘↹㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 8 ᦬㑑⼏᳿ቯ㧔2011㧕
[6] ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚክ⼏ળ᳿ቯ㧘᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴࠍ〯߹߃ߚ੹ᓟߩ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮ቇⴚ᡽╷ߩᬌ⸛ߩⷞὐ㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 31 ᣣ
[7] ᨷᬀ✍ᄦ㧘Ꮒᄢⶄ㔀♽␠ળ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩഃ
ᚑജࠍ⠨߃ࠆ࡯ࡈࡠࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠽࡯ဳࠗࡁࡌ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦߩഃᚑജ̆㧘ቇⴚߩേะ㧘2010 ᐕ 12㧘
p40

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽ࠛࡦ࡝ࠦ࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ(1901~1954)ߩഞ❣
A Meritorious Deed of Enrico Fermi (1901-1954)Ⴎ⷗ ᷕ৻㇢㧔᧲੩ᄢቇ㧕
Junichiro SHIOMI (The University of Tokyo)
 e-mail: shiomi@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jpߩᦨᄢߩഞ❣ߢ޽ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇ߹ߖࠎ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞ
ߡ㧘଀߃߫㊄ዻߩᲧᾲ߿ᾲવዉߥߤߩᓸⷞ⊛ߥℂ⸃߇ᩰᲑߦㅴߺ߹ߒߚ㧚߽ߜࠈࠎ㧘ߎࠇߪવᾲߦ
㒢ࠄߕ㧘㔚ሶߩᝄࠆ⥰޿߆ࠄቝቮߩᚑࠅ┙ߜ߹ߢ
ߩℂ⸃ߦ❬߇ࠆᾲജቇߩᩮᐙࠍὑߔℂ⺰ߢߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߩ⊒⷗ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩવ⸥ߥߤߢߪᢙࡍ࡯ࠫߢᷣ߹ߐࠇߡߒ߹߁
ߩ߇Ᏹߢߔ߇
㧔૗ߣ⸒ߞߡ߽ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߇ 25 ᱦ߹ߢߦ઀਄ߍߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߢߔ㧕㧘ᧄⓂߢߪ㊀ὐ⊛ߦ⸅ࠇࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߇⢒ߞߚᤨઍ⑼ቇ⠪ࠍ⺆ࠆ਄ߢ㧘ߘߩੱ߇⢒ߞߚᤨઍ⢛᥊ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߪᰳ߆ߖ߹ߖࠎ㧚․ߦࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߇↢߈ߚ
20 ਎♿೨ඨߪ⑼ቇߦߣߞߡ․೎ߥᤨઍߢߒߚ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߇ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩࡠ࡯ࡑߢ↢߹ࠇߚߩߪ 1901ᐕߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࡑ࠶ࠢࠬ࡮ࡉ࡜ࡦࠢ߇㤥૕᡼኿ߩᑼࠍ
⊒⴫ߒߚ⠉ᐕ㧘ࠕ࡞ࡌ࡞࠻࡮ࠕࠗࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦߩ
‫ޟ‬Annus Mirabilis㧔ᄸ〔ߩᐕ㧕‫ ߩޠ‬4 ᐕ೨ߢߔ㧚ࡊ࡜ࡦࠢ߇ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ㊂ሶᕈࠍዉ౉ߒߡ㤥૕᡼኿ߩ⻘[6]ࠍ⸃޿ߚߩࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢ⥄ὼߩ
⌀ℂߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚฎౖജቇߦขߞߡઍࠊࠆᣂߒ޿
⌀ℂߩតⓥ߇ᆎ߹ࠅ㧘೨ᦼ㊂ሶ⺰߇᐀ࠍ㐿ߌߚ߹ߐߦ㕟๮ߩᤨઍߢߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥߩᩭߣߥࠆ᡼኿⢻߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߚߩ߽ߘߩዋߒ೨ߢߔ㧚1895 ᐕߦࡧࠖ࡞ࡋ࡞
ࡓ࡮࡟ࡦ࠻ࠥࡦߦࠃߞߡ X ✢߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ⠉ᐕ㧘ࠕࡦ࡝࡮ࡌࠢ࡟࡞ߦࠃߞߡ࠙࡜ࡦߩ᡼኿⢻߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧔ߘߩᓟࡇࠛ࡯࡞࡮ࠠࡘ࡝࡯ߣࡑ࡝
࡯࡮ࠠࡘ࡝࡯ߦࠃߞߡઁߩర⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ߽᷹ⷰߐ
ࠇ߹ߒߚ㧕[7]㧚ߘߒߡߎࠇࠄ߆ࠄ኿಴ߐࠇࠆ᡼኿
✢ߪࠕ࡯ࡀࠬ࠻࡮࡜ࠩࡈࠜ࡯࠼߿ࡐ࡯࡞࡮ࡧࠖ࡜
࡯࡞ߦࠃߞߡࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ㧘ࡌ࡯࠲㧘ࠟࡦࡑߩਃ⒳㘃
ߦಽߌࠄࠇ߹ߒߚ[8]㧚
᡼኿✢ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚߎߣߢ㧘ේሶߩᱜ૕ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽ᕆㅦߦㅴዷߒ߹ߒߚ㧚ࠛࡦ࡝ࠦ࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ
ߪߓ߼ߦ
ࠛࡦ࡝ࠦ࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪ㧘㊂ሶ⛔⸘ജቇ߿ේሶᩭ
‛ℂቇࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߢノ߆ߒ޿ᬺ❣ࠍ෼߼ߡ߅ࠅ㧘20 ਎♿ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⠪ߩ 1 ੱߦᢙ߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ[1]㧚߹ߚ㧘ℂ⺰ߣታ㛎ߩਔᣇࠍ⿥৻ᵹ
ߦߎߥߔ‫ޟ‬ቢ⅜ߥ‛ℂቇ⠪‫ߔ߹ࠇߐ⹏߽ߣޠ‬㧚ട߃ߡ㧘ᢎ⢒⠪ߣߒߡᰴߩ਎ઍߩఝࠇߚ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ⢒ߡߡ߅ࠅ㧘ੱᦸ߇ෘߊੱᩰ⠪ߣߒߡᢘᗲߐࠇߡ޿
ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ[2]㧚ߘ߁޿ߞߚ✚ว⊛ߥ⹏ଔߩᓇ㗀߽޽ࠆߩ߆㧘‫ߩޠࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޟ‬ฬ߇ઃߊ߽ߩߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊ㧘⾨㧘⎇ⓥᚲ㧘ᄤᢥ᷹ⷰᚲ㧘ේሶἹ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㧘☸ሶ㧘ዊᖺᤊ㧘ర⚛㧘ᴺೣ㧘ࡄ࡜࠼࠶ࠢࠬߥ
ߤᢙ߃߈ࠇ߹ߖࠎ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ៤ࠊߞߚ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ߹ߕᕁ޿ᶋ߆߱
ߩߪ 1938 ᐕߩࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞‛ℂቇ⾨[3]ߩฃ⾨ኻ⽎ߦߥߞߚ㧘ᷫㅦਛᕈሶ✢ᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉ᡼኿⢻ߩ⎇ⓥߢߒࠂ߁㧚৻ᣇ㧘‫ޟ‬વᾲ‫ⷰ߁޿ߣޠ‬ὐ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ
ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘[4,5]ߩ⊒⷗߇ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 55 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽
1911 ᐕߦ࡜ࠩࡈࠜ࡯࠼ߪࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ✢ࠍ㊄▗ߦᾖ኿ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ਛᔃߦᩭ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ⃻࿷ߩේሶ௝㧔࡜ࠩࡈࠜ࡯࠼ߩේሶᮨဳ㧕ࠍ⷗޿಴ߒߡ
޿߹ߔ㧚ᓟㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥߪ߹ߐߦߎࠇࠄߩ⍮⷗߿ᛛⴚߩ⊒ዷߩᵹࠇߦਸ਼ࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ߞߡࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚ቇ↢࡮ࡐࠬ࠼ࠢᤨઍ
ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪᐜዋᦼ߆ࠄ㘃߹ࠇߥࠆ⸥ᙘജࠍᜬߜ㧘⽶ߌߕህ޿ߢᩮ᳇߽޽ࠅ㧘⑼ቇ⠪ߦߥࠆㆡᱜࠍ౗
ߨ஻߃ߡ޿ߚߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ[2]㧚ᐜ޿ߎࠈߦఱ
ࠍ੢ߊߒߡ߆ࠄ⁴ὓߦീቇߦᛂߜㄟ߻ࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘ߺࠆߺࠆᚽ⢻ࠍ㐿⧎ߐߖ㧘޿ࠊࠁࠆࠛ࡝࡯࠻ࠦ࡯
ࠬࠍᱠࠎߢⴕ߈߹ߔ㧚ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢߪᦨ㔍㑐ߣߐࠇࠆࡇࠨߩ㜞╬Ꮷ▸ቇᩞ㧔Scuola Normale Superiore
in Pisa㧕ߦ౉ቇߒోኰ೙ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌ߹ߒߚ㧚⑲ߢߚቇ↢ߣߒߡ᦭ฬߢ޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ㧘ᣧߊ߽㊂ሶജቇࠍୃᓧߒ㧘‛ℂቇߩᕆㅦߥㅴᱠߦߟ޿ߡⴕߌߥ
ߊߥߞߚ‛ℂቇ⑼ߩᢎ᝼ߦଐ㗬ߐࠇߡ㧘ᒰᤨࠕ࡞ࡌ࡞࠻࡮ࠕࠗࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦߦࠃߞߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ߫
߆ࠅߩ⋧ኻᕈℂ⺰ߩ࡟ࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠍⴕߞߚߘ߁ߢߔ
[2]㧚ߘߒߡ㧘1921 ᐕ㧔20 ᱦ㧕ߦߪᄢቇ 3 ᐕ↢ߥ߇ࠄᣧߊ߽ᦨೋߩቇⴚ⺰ᢥࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪℂ⺰‛ℂߢఝࠇߚᬺ❣ࠍ෼߼ࠆ৻ᣇ
ߢ㧘ඳ჻⺰ᢥ⎇ⓥߢߪ X ✢ߩታ㛎ࠍ࠹࡯ࡑߦㆬ߮
߹ߒߚ㧚ߔߢߦߎߩߎࠈ߆ࠄታ㛎ߣℂ⺰ࠍਔ┙ߔࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍ၂㑆⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈
߹ߔ㧚1922 ᐕߦ 21 ᱦߢඳ჻ภࠍขᓧߒ㧘1922 ᐕ
߆ࠄ 23 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡࠥ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠥࡦ߿࡜ࠗ࠺ࡦߢ
ࡐࠬ࠼ࠢࠍⴕߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ
⛔⸘ߦ❬߇ࠆ⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼ߚߩߪߎߩߎࠈߢ޽ࠅ㧘
1926 ᐕߦࡠ࡯ࡑᄢቇߩᢎ᝼ߦዞછߒߚᐕߦ㧘᦭ฬߥࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ജቇߩ⺰ᢥ[4]ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ታߦ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪᒙ౰ 25 ᱦߢߒߚ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪࡄ࠙࡝ߩឃઁᓞේℂߦᓥ߁㊂ሶ᳇૕ߩᣂߒ޿⛔⸘[3]ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ߹ߒߚ㧚หᤨᦼߦࡐ
࡯࡞࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶߽ࠢหߓ⛔⸘ಽᏓࠍ⁛┙ߦዉ߈಴ߒߚߚ߼㧘‫ߣޠ⸘⛔ࠢ࠶࡜ࠖ࠺࡮ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޟ‬๭߫ࠇ߹ߔ㧚ߥ߅㧘࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⥄り߇ᓟߦ‫⛔ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޟ‬⸘‫ߣޠ‬๭ࠎߛߚ߼㧘‫ߣޠ⸘⛔ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޟ‬๭߫ࠇࠆߎ
ߣ߽ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߢߔ㧚࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢߪ㕖Ᏹߦ⻞⯯ߥੱᨩߛߞߚࠃ߁ߢ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߦઁߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠢ࡟ࠫવᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 56 -

࠶࠻ࠍ⼑ߞߚ଀߇޿ߊߟ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߢߔ
㧔଀߃߫㧘⁁ᘒ㑆ߩㆫ⒖⏕₸ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ߩࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޟ‬㤛㊄ᓞ‫ޠ‬߽ታ㓙ߦߪ࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ߇ዉ಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢߔ㧕㧚߿߇ߡ㧘㔚ሶ㧘㓁ሶ㧘ਛᕈሶߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮
࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߦᓥ߁☸ሶࠍ✚⒓ߒߡࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ☸
ሶ෶ߪࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࠝࡦߣ๭߱ࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚৻⥸⊛ߥ‛ℂߩᢎ⑼ᦠߦタߞߡ޿ࠆౝኈߣ㊀ⶄߔࠆㇱಽ߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇㧘ߎߎߢࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜
࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߩዉ಴ߦߟ޿ߡዋߒ⸅ࠇࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߒ
ࠂ߁㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߪ㧘ᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߦ
޽ࠆห⒳㘃ߩࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ㧔ࡄ࠙࡝ߩឃઁᓞߦᓥ߁㧕☸ሶߦኻߒߡㆡ↪ߐࠇ߹ߔ㧚ട߃ߡ㧘☸ሶห჻ߩ⋧੕૞↪߇ήⷞߢ߈ࠆߣߒ߹ߔ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘N ☸ሶ♽߇න৻☸ሶߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯⁁ᘒߩ⿷ߒวࠊߖߦࠃ
ߞߡ⸥ㅀߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ߹ߔ㧚 ߐߡ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩዉ಴ᣇᴺߢߔ߇㧘1926 ᐕߩ⺰ᢥߩ⧷⸶[4]ࠍ⺒߻ߣ㧘ᢙቇࠃࠅ‛ℂ⊛ᗧ๧ࠍ㊀ࠎߓࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࠄߒ޿ᢥߦⴕ߈ᒰߚࠅ߹ߔ㧚
̌Reserving publication of the mathematical details of
this theory to another occasion, we limit ourselves inthis Note to showing the principles of the method andthe results.”ߣት⸒ߒߚ਄ߢ㧘
“Let us suppose now that we have to distribute among
our N molecules the total energy W=Ehv (E= integer
number); and let us label with Ns < Qs the number ofmolecules of energy shv. It is easy to find that the mostprobable values of Ns are”ߣߒߡ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢಽᏓ㑐ᢙ

αQs
(1)
e +α
߇⸥ㅀߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧔α ߣ β ߪ W ߣ N ߦଐሽߔࠆ
ቯᢙ㧕㧚ߎࠇߪ⏕߆ߦ‫◲ޟ‬ẖ‫߇ߔߢޠ‬㧘ᧄⓂߢߩ⸃⺑ߦ↪޿ࠆߦߪ޿ߐߐ߆◲ẖㆊ߉ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃߹
ߔߩߢ㧘ߎߎߢߪ⁛┙ߦหߓ⚿ᨐࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ࠺ࠖ
࡜࠶ࠢ[5]ߩഥߌࠍ୫ࠅߡ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ
ಽᏓ㑐ᢙߩዉ಴ࠍㅊߞߡ⷗ࠆߎߣߦߒ߹ߔ
㧔ߥ߅㧘ᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡ㧘ᄌᢙߩ๭߮ฬࠍේ⪺߆ࠄᄌ߃ߡ޿߹ߔ㧕㧚ో☸ሶᢙ߇ N㧘ోࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ E ߩ♽ࠍ⠨߃߹ߔ㧚♽߇᦭ߔࠆᵄേ㑐ᢙ㧔෶ߪ⁁ᘒ㧕ࠍหߓࠛࡀ
࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍᜬߟࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦಽߌ㧘s ⇟⋡ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ
ߦዻߔࠆᵄേ㑐ᢙߩᢙࠍ As㧘
ߘߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ Es㧘
ߘࠇࠍභ߼ࠆ☸ሶᢙࠍ Ns ߣߒ߹ߔ㧚ߔࠆߣ㧘As
Ns =

βs

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽୘ߩᵄേ㑐ᢙߩਛ߆ࠄ Ns ୘ߩ☸ሶ߇භ߼ࠆ߽ߩ
ࠍ㧘㊀ⶄࠍ⸵ߐߕߦㆬ߱⚵ߺวࠊߖߩᢙߪ㧘W = ∏sAs !
N s !( As − N s )!

1

(2)
T=infinityNߣ⴫ߖ߹ߔ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘ࠛࡦ࠻ࡠࡇ࡯ߪ㧔ࠬ࠲࡯࡝ࡦࠣߩ౏ᑼࠍ↪޿ߡ㧕㧘
S = k B logW

T=μ/kB= k B ∑s {As (log As − 1) − N s (log N s − 1)} − ( As − N s )[log( As − N s ) − 1]0ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇ߇ᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߢߪᭂᄢࠍขࠆߎߣ
ࠃࠅ㧘

(4)

ߎߎߢ㧘ో૕ߩ☸ሶᢙߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪᄌൻߒߥ޿
ߩߢ㧘∑ δN = 0 㧘 ∑ E δN = 0 .
s

s

s

s

s

   (5)ߎࠇࠍ࡜ࠣ࡜ࡦࠫࡘߩᧂቯਸ਼ᢙᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ⸃ߊߎ
ߣߦࠃࠅ㧘એਅߩᑼ߇ᓧࠄࠇ߹ߔ㧚⎛A⎞log⎜⎜ s −1⎟⎟ = α + βEs⎝ Ns ⎠(6)ߐࠄߦ㧘ᧂቯਸ਼ᢙ α ෸߮ β ߪᾲജቇ⊛‛ℂ㊂ߣ㑐
ଥߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘᷷ᐲ T ߣൻቇࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞
μ ࠍ↪޿ߡ

Ns =

1

(7)
e
+1
߇ዉ಴ߐࠇ߹ߔ㧚ߎࠇ߇ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢಽ
Ꮣ㑐ᢙߢߔ㧔࿑ 1㧕㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢಽᏓߪ଀߃߫㊄ዻߩᲧᾲ߿ᾲવዉ₸ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ਄ߢᄙ޿ߦᓎ┙ߜ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘࠇ߹ߢߪࡄ࠙࡞࡮࠼࡞࡯࠺ߦࠃࠆ⥄↱㔚ሶࠍ᳇૕ㆇേ⺰⊛ߦ⴫ߒߚࡕ࠺࡞߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ߇㧘ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩᦨᄢߩ໧㗴ὐߪ㧘ฎౖ⺰ߦၮߠߊ㔚ሶߩㅦᐲ߿Ყᾲࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢߒߚ[9]㧚ߘࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘1933 ᐕߦࠕ࡞ࡁ࡞࠼࡮࠰ࡦࡑ࡯ࡈࠚ࡞
࠼ߪࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢಽᏓ㑐ᢙࠍ↪޿ߡ㔚ሶߩᲧᾲࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߢ㧘ฎౖ⺰ߢߪᲧᾲ߇ 100 ୚⒟ᐲㆊᄢ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ߹ߒߚ[10]㧚ߘࠇ( E − μ ) / k BTવᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

1

E/μ

2

3

࿑ 1 ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢಽᏓߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯(E)෸᷷߮ᐲ(T)ଐሽᕈ㧚

0 = δS = k B ∑ s {− log N s + log( As − N s )}δN s⎛A⎞= k B ∑ s log⎜⎜ s − 1⎟⎟δN s 㧚⎝ Ns ⎠

T=0

0

(3)

- 57 -

߹ߢߦ㊄ዻߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᩰሶߩᲧᾲߛߌߢಠߘ⺑᣿߇ઃߊߎߣ߇ታ㛎ࠍၮߦಽ߆ߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ߇㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߦࠃߞߡߘߩℂ↱߇ೋ߼ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘਄ㅀߩ㆑޿ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ㧘࠼࡞࡯࠺ߩࡕ
࠺࡞߇ᾲવዉ₸߿ࡠ࡯࡟ࡦ࠷ᢙࠍᲧセ⊛⦟ߊౣ⃻ߔࠆߩߪ஧ὼߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚࠼࡞࡯࠺ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘Ყᾲࠍㆊᄢ⹏ଔߔࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘㔚ሶㅦᐲࠍ 10 ୚⒟ᐲㆊዊ⹏ଔߒߚߚ߼㧘ߘࠇࠄ߇⋧Ვߐࠇ㧘᳞߼ࠆ‛ᕈߦࠃߞߡߪ࠰ࡦࡑ࡯ࡈࠚ࡞
࠼ℂ⺰ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚿⺰ߣ޽߹ࠅᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߩߢߔ
[11]㧚
 ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘߇ᓎ┙ߞߚࠬࠤ࡯࡞
ߩᄢ߈޿଀ߣߒߡߪ㧘⊕⦡⍵ᤊߩ቟ቯᕈ߇᦭ฬߢ
ߔ㧚⊕⦡⍵ᤊߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠪ࡝࠙ࠬ઻ᤊ㧔ࠪ࡝࠙ࠬ B㧕ߩ⾰㊂ߪᄥ㓁ߩߘࠇߣಠߘ╬ߒ޿৻ᣇߢ㧘ߘߩඨᓘߪ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߊᄥ㓁ߩ⚂ 1/100 ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ 1990 ᐕߏࠈ߹ߢߦ᷹ⷰߐࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ㧚ߘ߁ߔࠆߣ㧘ᄥ㓁ߩኒᐲߪ࿾⃿਄ߩ᳓ߣห⒟ᐲߢߔߩ
ߢ㧘⊕⦡⍵ᤊߩኒᐲߪᭂ߼ߡ㜞ߊ㧘⴫㕙㊀ജߪᄥ㓁ߩ૗ජ୚㧘
࿾⃿ߩ૗ਁ୚ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᘒߢ㧘⍵ᤊ߇ᒻࠍ଻ߞߡ޿ࠄࠇࠆℂ↱߇ࠕ࡯ࠨ࡯࡮ࠛ࠺ࠖࡦ࠻ࡦࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆᄤᢥ
ቇ⠪ߩ㑆ߢࡄ࡜࠼࠶ࠢࠬߣߒߡ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿߹
ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ╵߃ߪ㧘ࡄ࠙࡝ߩឃઁೣࠍḩߚߔࡈࠚ࡞
ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘߇ਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㜞ኒᐲߩᤊߢߪේሶߪቢోߦࠗࠝࡦൻߒ
ߡ㧘㔚ሶߪේሶᩭ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߡ㔚ሶ᳇૕ߣߒߡᝄࠆ

J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽ߡⴕ߈߹ߔ㧚

⥰޿߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ࡮࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ⛔⸘ߦᓥ߁ߣ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ㔚ሶߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩዊߐ޿⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ❗ㅌߒߥ߇ࠄභ߼ߡⴕ߈߹ߔ߇㧘ߘߩ޿ߊߟ߆ߪࠛࡀ
࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ㜞޿⁁ᘒࠍභ߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠅ߹ߖࠎ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫❗ޟ‬ㅌ࿶‫ߓ↢߇ޠ‬㧘ߎࠇߦࠃ
ࠆ࿶ജ൨㈩ߣᤊ⥄りߩ㊀ജ߇㊒ࠅวߞߡ⊕⦡⍵ᤊߪߘߩᒻࠍ଻ߞߡ޿ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߔ[11]㧚
ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ⎇ⓥቶ
೨ㅀߩㅢࠅ㧘25 ᱦߦߒߡࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪᣧߊ߽‛ℂቇߩᢎ᝼ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߩߎࠈߩࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢߪ㧘߹ߛᣂߒ޿⃻ઍ‛ℂቇ߳ߩᛶ᛫ᗵ߇޽ࠅ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪߘࠇࠍᛂ㐿ߔࠆߩߦ⣣ᔃߒߚࠃ߁ߢߔ[2]㧚ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩ⧯޿਎ઍߦ⃻ઍ‛ℂቇࠍવ߃ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐ ߣ ⠨ ߃ 㧘 1928 ᐕ ߦ ‫ ޟ‬Introduzione alla Fisica
Atomica㧔Introduction of atomic physics㧕‫ࠗ߁޿ߣޠ‬࠲࡝ࠕߢೋ߼ߡߣߥࠆ⃻ઍ‛ℂቇߩᢎ⑼ᦠࠍၫ╩ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍၮߦ⻠⟵ࠍⴕߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ᣂߒ޿⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߛߞߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ㧘ቇ↢ߩ൘⺃ߦ⧰ഭߒߚߘ߁ߢߔ߇[2]㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥቶߦ
ߪᓟߦฬࠍ㚓ߖࠆ㕙‫ޘ‬㧔ࡈ࡜ࡦࠦ࡮࡜࠮࠶࠹ࠖ㧘ࠛࡒ࡝ࠝ࡮࠮ࠣ࡟㧘ࠛ࠼ࠕ࡞࠼࡮ࠕࡑ࡞࠺ࠖߥߤ㧕߇㓸߹ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥ࠴࡯ࡓߪ‫ޟ‬Ragazzi via Panisperna‫ޠ‬㧔Panisperna ߪ⎇ⓥቶ߇޽
ߞߚㅢࠅߩฬ೨㧘‫ޟ‬Ragazzi‫ޟߢ⺆ࠕ࡝࠲ࠗߪޠ‬Boys‫ޠ‬ߩᗧ๧㧕ߣ޿߁ᗲ⒓ߢ๭߫ࠇߡ޿߹ߒߚ㧚⎇ⓥળߢߪ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߇⸃⺑ߔࠆᒻߢ㧘ᒰᤨ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ߫߆ࠅߩࠛ࡞ࡧࠖࡦ࡮ࠪࡘ࡟࠺ࠖࡦࠟ࡯ߩᵄേቇ
[12]ࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ⃻ઍ‛ℂቇࠍ⼏⺰ߒߡ޿ߚࠃ߁
ߢߔ[2]㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪࠪࡦࡊ࡞ߥ⸃ᴺࠍዉ߈಴ߔᚽ
⢻ߦ㕖Ᏹߦ㐳ߌߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢ㧘ⶄ㔀ߥᢙቇ߿⺰ℂ
ࠍᅢ߹ߕ㧘߹ߕߪ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ޟ‬Back of the envelope‫ޠ‬⸘▚ߢᒰߚࠅࠍઃߌߚ਄ߢ㧘ᓟ߆ࠄᱜ⏕ߥ⸃ࠍዉߊߣ޿߁ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍᅢࠎߛߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩવ⸥[2]ߢߪ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩᢎ⢒⠪ߣߒߡߩ⾗⾰ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᄙߊ⸅ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚૗ࠃࠅ߽ቇ↢ߦᢎ߃ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛߞߚࠃ߁ߢ㧘ᢎ߃ߚߎߣࠍቇ↢߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ㧘߽߁৻ᐲᢎ߃ࠆᯏ
ળ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߣ⸒ߞߡ༑ࠎߛߣ޿޿߹ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘᳿ߒߡീቇ߿⎇ⓥ৻ㄝୟߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢߪߥߊ㧘⎇ⓥቶߩᵴേߪࠬࡐ࡯࠷߿ㆆ߮ߣߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ߇ข
ࠇߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ⎇ⓥ↢ᵴߩਛߢ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߇࠴࡯ࡓߦᶐㅘߒⴕ߈㧘ߘߩᓟߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬㕟๮⊛⎇ⓥ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆ⥰บ߇ᢛߞવᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬ਛᕈሶ‛ℂቇߩ⺀↢
Ragazzi via Panisperna ߪℂ⺰ߣታ㛎ߩਔᣇࠍ㜞޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߢታ〣ߢ߈ࠆᒝߺࠍᜬߞߡ㧘ේሶᩭ‛ℂ
ߩ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߡⴕ߈߹ߔ㧚⿠ὐߣߥߞߚߩߪߘߩ
ዋߒ೨ߦ⿠ߞߚේሶⴣ⓭ታ㛎ߦࠃࠆਛᕈሶߩ⊒⷗ߢߔ㧚1911 ᐕߦ࡜ࠩࡈࠜ࡯࠼߇㧘ࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ☸ሶߩᢔੂታ㛎߆ࠄ㧘ේሶߩਛᔃߦߪᱜ㔚⩄ࠍᏪ߮ߚᭂ
߼ߡዊߐߥේሶᩭ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸽᣿ߒ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߒߡߎࠇ߇㧘࡜ࠩࡈࠜ࡯࠼ߩቇ↢ߢ޽ߞߚࠫࠚ
࡯ࡓ࠭࡮࠴ࡖ࠼࠙ࠖ࠶ࠢߦࠃࠆਛᕈሶߩ⊒⷗[13]ߦ❬߇ࠅ㧘ේሶᩭߪᱜ㔚⩄ࠍ߽ߟ㓁ሶߣ㔚᳇⊛ߦਛᕈߥਛᕈሶߦࠃࠅߥࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠅ߹ߒ
ߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘࠴ࡖ࠼࠙ࠖ࠶ࠢࠃࠅ೨ߦࠗ࡟࡯࠿࡮࡚ࠫ
࡝ࠝ࡮ࠠࡘ࡝࡯ߣࡈ࡟࠼࡝࠶ࠢ࡮࡚ࠫ࡝ࠝ࡮ࠠࡘ
࡝࡯ᄦᆄ߇㧘ࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ☸ሶࠍᾖ኿ߒߚࡎ࠙⚛߆ࠄߢࠆਛᕈሶࠍ᷹ⷰߒߚߩߢߔ߇㧘ࠠࡘ࡝࡯ᄦᆄߪ
ߘࠇࠍࠟࡦࡑ✢ߛߣ⠨߃ߡߒ߹޿߹ߒߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᓟዋߒߩߣߎࠈߢߩࠠࡘ࡝࡯ᄦᆄߪਛᕈሶ
ࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ߇㧘ੱᎿ᡼኿ᕈర⚛ߩ⊒⷗ߢ 1934 ᐕߦࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞ൻቇ⾨ࠍฃ⾨
ߒߡ޿߹ߔ[14]㧚
ߎࠇࠄߩਛᕈሶߣੱᎿ⊛ߥ⺃ዉ᡼኿⢻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⊒⷗ࠍⲢวߐߖߚߩ߇߹ߐߦࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥߢߒߚ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪ㧘࡜࠼ࡦ߆ࠄ಴ࠆࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ✢ࠍࡌ࡝࡝࠙ࡓߦⴣ⓭ߐߖߚ㓙ߦ↢ߓࠆਛᕈሶࠍ࠲࡯ࠥ
࠶࠻ේሶߦⴣ⓭ߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘᡼኿⢻ߩ⺃ዉࠍታ⃻ߒ߹ߒߚ[15]㧚㛳ߊߩߪ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࠄ߇
᭽‫ߥޘ‬ర⚛ߦߟ޿ߡ✂⟜ߒ㧘40 એ਄ߩੱᎿ᡼኿ᕈ
ห૏ర⚛ࠍ⊒⷗ߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢߔ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘᡼಴ߐࠇߚ☸ሶߩ⒳㘃㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㊂㧘ඨᷫᦼߥߤࠍ᷹
ቯߔࠆਛߢ㧘ᾖ኿ࠍⴕ߁บ߇ᧁ⵾ߩ႐วߣᄢℂ⍹
ߩ႐วߢ᡼኿⢻ߩᒝᐲ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⷗ߟߌ߹ߒ
ߚ㧚ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࠄߪ㧘ߎߩේ࿃߇᧚⾰ߦࠃߞߡਛᕈ
ሶ߇ᷫㅦߐࠇࠆᐲว޿߇⇣ߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆߣផ᷹
ߒ㧘ࠃࠅലᨐ⊛ߦਛᕈሶࠍᷫㅦߐߖࠆࡄ࡜ࡈࠖࡦ
ࠍ↪޿ߡታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ㅦᐲߩㆃ޿ਛ
ᕈሶߩᣇ߇ലᨐ⊛ߦ⺃ዉࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ
߆ߦߒ߹ߔ㧚ߎߩᚑᨐࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦਛᕈሶ‛ℂቇ
ߣ޿߁ᣂߚߥቇⴚಽ㊁߇⺀↢ߒ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪ 1938ᐕߦࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞‛ℂቇ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߒ߹ߔ[3]㧚
ታߪ㧘৻ㅪߩታ㛎ߩਛߢࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪਛᕈሶ߇࠙

- 58 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽࡜ࡦේሶࠍಽⵚߐߖ㧘ዊߐߥේሶߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆᚻ
ដ߆ࠅࠍ᷹ⷰߒߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢߔ߇[16]㧘ߎߩᤨὐߢߪߘࠇ߇ᩭಽⵚߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⍮ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ㧚ߤ߁߿ࠄ㧔ᕟࠄߊ Back of the envelope ⸘▚ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧕ਛᕈሶ߇ߘࠇࠃࠅ߽㊀޿ේሶࠍಽⵚߐߖࠆߛ
ߌߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍᜬߡࠆߣߪᕁߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚࠃ
߁ߢ㧘ࠗ࠳࡮ࡁ࠳࠶ࠢߩᜰ៰[17]ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕߘߩน⢻ᕈࠍ㒰ᄖߒߡ޿߹ߒߚ㧚
ࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞⾨ߩฃ⾨ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚ⎇ⓥߩઁߦ߽㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᚑᨐࠍߎߩᤨᦼߦ޽ߍߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ߘߩ 1 ߟߣߒߡ᦭ฬߥ߽ߩߦ㧘‫ߩޠࡁ࡝࠻࡯ࡘ࠾ޟ‬᭎ᔨࠍዉ౉ߒߚࡌ࡯࠲፣უߩℂ⺰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇
޽ࠅ߹ߔ㧚ᒰᤨ㧘ࡌ࡯࠲፣უߩ㓙ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯଻
ሽೣ߇ḩߚߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘⊒↢ߒߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ోߡ㔚ሶߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߣߥࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘৻ㇱ߇‫ࡘ࠾ޟ‬࡯࠻࡝ࡁ‫ޠ‬ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߣߥࠆߣ⺑᣿ߒߚߩߢߔ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩ⎇ⓥࠍ Nature ⹹ߦ⺰ᢥߣߒߡᛩⓂߒ
ߚߣߎࠈ㧘ࠛ࠺ࠖ࠲࡯߆ࠄ”it contained speculations
which were too remote from reality”ߣ࡝ࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߐ
ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿߹ߔ[2]㧚ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ
ߎߩ⺰ᢥߪࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ⺆ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߢߪߔߋ㧔1934ᐕ㧕ߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕ[18]㧘⧷⺆ߢߩ⊒
⴫ߪ 1939 ᐕ߹ߢㆃࠇߚߘ߁ߢߔ㧚ᱧผࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ᣂߒ޿☸ሶߩሽ࿷ߩឭ໒ߦߪ⧰ഭ߇઻߁ߎߣ߇ᄙ
޿ࠃ߁ߢߔ߇㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ߽߹ߚߘߩᵞ␞ࠍฃߌߚ
ࠃ߁ߢߔ㧚ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᤨઍ
1938 ᐕߦࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞⾨ߩฃ⾨ᑼߩߚ߼ߦࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࡎ࡞ࡓࠍ⸰ࠇߚ㓙ߦኅᣖߣߣ߽ߦࠕ
ࡔ࡝ࠞߦ੢๮ߒ߹ߔ㧚ᒰᤨบ㗡ߒߡ߈ߚࡓ࠶࠰࡝
࡯࠾ߩࡈࠔࠪ࠭ࡓߦࠃࠆㄼኂࠍᕟࠇߡߩߎߣߢߒ
ߚ㧔ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩᆄ࡜࠙࡜࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪ࡙࠳ࡗ♽ߢߒߚ㧕㧚ߎࠇࠍᯏߦ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߪࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇߢ
⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼߹ߔ㧚หᐕߦ㧘ࠝ࠶࠻࡯࡮ࡂ࡯ࡦߣࡈ
࡝࠶࠷࡮ࠪࡘ࠻࡜ࠬࡑࡦ߇࠙࡜ࡦߦਛᕈሶ✢ࠍᾖ኿ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡࡃ࡝࠙ࡓ߇↢ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ
᷹ⷰߒ㧘⠉ᐕߦ࡟࡯࠯࡮ࡑࠗ࠻࠽࡯ߣࠝ࠶࠻࡯࡮
ࡈ࡝࠶ࠪࡘ߇㧘ߘࠇ߇ᩭಽⵚߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ߹
ߔ㧚ߎߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ߇࠾࡯࡞࡮ࡏ࡯ࠕ[17]ࠍ੺ߒߡ
ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࠄߦવࠊࠅ㧘ࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪࠴࡯ࡓߦࠃࠅᩭಽⵚߩታ㛎߇⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘⥄りߩ⎇ⓥߩታ↪ൻ߿ᔕ↪ߦ៤ࠊࠆߎߣ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬ߦ⥝๧߇ߥ߆ߞߚߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߢߔ߇[2]㧘
ೋߩේሶἹ㧔ࠪࠞࠧࡄࠗ࡞-1㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅢߓߡ⥄┙⊛ߥᩭㅪ㎮෻ᔕࠍታ⃻ߒ㧘ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡࡑࡦࡂ
࠶࠲ࡦࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩਛᩭ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᜂ߁ߎߣߦ
ߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ
ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ၮ␆⑼ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᬺ❣߇㓸ਛߒߡ޿ࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩ⎇ⓥੱ↢ߩ೨ඨࠍਥߦขࠅ਄ߍ߹ߒ
ߚ㧚ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᤨઍએ㒠ߩࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩᵴേߦߟ޿ߡ
ߪ㧘ᒰᤨߩ᡽ᴦ⊛⢛᥊ߣ⛊߼ߡᦠ߆ࠇߚવ⸥߿⾗ᢱ߇ᄙᢙ޽ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ߘߜࠄߦ⼑ࠆߎߣߦߒ߹
ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦᓥ޿㧘ᧄⓂߢߪ
ߥࠆߴߊᢙቇࠍ૶ࠊߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦദ߼߹ߒߚ㧚ࠃࠅ෩ኒߥᑼ߿⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᄙᢙ޽ࠆ‛ℂቇߩᢎ⑼ᦠࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿㧚㩷ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
[1] Snow, C., The physicists: A generation thatchanged the world, Little Brown (1981).
[2] Cooper, D., Enrico Fermi: And the revolutions ofmodern physics, Oxford Portraits in Science, Ed.
Gingerich O., Oxford University Press, Inc.
(1999); ࠳ࡦ࡮ࠢ࡯ࡄ࡯⪺㧘᪸ᧄᴦ↵⸶㧘ࠛࡦ࡝ࠦ࡮ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ㧘ේሶߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ⸃߈᡼
ߟ㧘ࠝ࠶ࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼⑼ቇߩ⡿௝ࠪ࡝࡯࠭㧘
ᄢ᦬ᦠᐫ(2007).
[3] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1938/.
[4] Fermi, E., Sulla quantizzazione del gas perfetto
monoatomico, Rendiconti Lincei, 145 (1926).
Zannoni, A., On the quantization of themonoatomic ideal gas, arXiv:cond-mat/9912229(⧷⸶)㧚
[5] Dirac, P. A. M., On the theory of quantum
mechanics, Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A,
112-762, 661 (1926).
[6] ⧎᧛సᖗ㧘ࡑ࠶ࠢࠬ࡮ࡊ࡜ࡦࠢߩഞ❣㧘વᾲ㧘
48-205, 32 (2009)㧚
[7] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/.
[8] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/.
[9] Drude, P., Zur Elektronentheorie der metalle,- 59 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ࠛ࠺ࡘࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧽[15] Fermi, E., Amaldi, E., D'Agostino, O., Rasetti, F.,
Segrè
E.
Radioattività
provocatadabombardamento di neutroni III, La Ricerca
Scientifica, 5, 452 (1934).
[16] Fermi, E., Possible Production of Elements ofAtomic Number Higher than 92, Nature, 133, 898(1934).
[17] Noddack, I., On Element 93, Zeitschrift fur
Angewandte Chemie, 47, 653 (1934).
[18] Fermi, E., Z. Physik, 88, 161 (1934).

Annalen der Physik 306, 566 (1900). Drude, P.,"Zur Elektronentheorie der Metalle; II. Teil.
Galvanomagnetische und thermomagnetische
Effecte, Annalen der Physik, 308, 369 (1900).
[10] Sommerfeld, A., Bethe H., Elektronentheorie derMetalle, Handbuch der Physik, 24, 333, Springer
Verlag, Heidelberg (1933).
[11] Kittel, C., Kroemer, H., Thermal physics, W. H.
Freeman Company (1980).
[12] ⦼ේᱜᒾ㧘ࠛ࡞ࡧࠖࡦ࡮ࠪࡘ࡟࠺ࠖࡦࠟ࡯ߩ
ഞ❣㧘વᾲ㧘49-209, 72 (2010)㧚
[13] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/.
[14] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/.

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

[19] ᧛਄㓁৻㧘࠾࡯࡞ࠬ࡮ࡏ࡯ࠕߩഞ❣㧘વᾲ㧘
49-206, 25 (2010)㧚

- 60 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

࿖㓙ᵴേ࡮ળ⼏ႎ๔╙  ࿁ࡑࠗࠢࡠࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩᾲᵹേߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ળ⼏
Report on the 4th International Conference on Heat Transfer
and Fluid Flow in Microscale㜞ᯅ ෘผ㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ㧕
Koji TAKAHASHI (Kyushu University)e-mail: takahashi@aero.kyushu-u.ac.jp߽ߦᚒ߇࿖ߩࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖߩ㜞ߐࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚
ߎࠇࠄ߇ࠝ࡯࡜࡞ 14 ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣࡐ
ࠬ࠲࡯1 ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦಽ߆ࠇߡ⸛⼏ߐࠇ㧘ട߃ߡࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻ 7 ઙߣ․೎᜗ᓙ⻠Ṷ 1 ઙ߇ⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒ
ߚ㧚ෳ⠨߹ߢߦࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻ߩ৻ⷩࠍ⴫ 1 ߦ␜ߒ߹ߔ߇㧘ߎࠇࠄߩਛߦߪഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇߚᤨ㑆ߩㆊඨࠍ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߦ⾌߿ߔ⻠Ṷ߽ᄙߊ㧘ෳട⠪ߦߣߞߡ᦭⋉ߥᖱႎߦߥߞߚߎߣߣᕁ޿߹ߔ㧚੹࿁ߩෳട⠪ߪ 14 ߆࿖߆ࠄ✚൓ 100 ฬࠍᢙ߃㧘ᣣ☨᰷એᄖߦ߽ࠗࡦ࠼߿ࠗ࡜ࡦ߆ࠄߩ⊒⴫߽޽ߞߡ࿖㓙⦡⼾߆ߥળ⼏ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߜߥߺߦ㧘ળ႐㧔࿑ 2㧕ߪࡎ࠹࡞ߩኃળ႐ࠍࠬࠢ࡯࡞ᒻᑼߣߒ
ߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ቇ↢ߩ⊒⴫⠪ߦߪ࿖ౝળ⼏ߣ⇣ߥࠆᩰᑼ߇⧯ᐓ✕ᒛࠍਈ߃ߚ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ㧚ࠪࡦࠣ࡞࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠁ߃ߦߤߩ⊒⴫߽ෳട⠪ోຬߦ⡬⻠ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠅ㧘ࠝ࡯ࠟ࠽ࠗࠩ࡯ߩవ↢ᣇ߆ࠄᤨߦߪ෩ߒߊᤨߦߪബ߹ߒߩ⾰໧߇㑆ᢿߥߊᶎ߮ߖ
ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߇ශ⽎⊛ߢߒߚ㧚ᛩⓂ⺰ᢥߩ߁ߜఝࠇ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߪ Journal of Thermal Science andTechnology ߅ࠃ߮ Computational Thermal Sciences
ߦߡ․㓸ภ߇⚵߹ࠇߡ಴ ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߦߥߞߡ޿
߹ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࡐࠬ࠲࡯࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߆ࠄߪࡌࠬ࠻ࡐ
ࠬ࠲࡯⾨߇ 2 ઙߩ⺰ᢥߦኻߒߡ᝼ਈߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
ᮡ⸥ળ⼏㧔⇛⒓ HTFFM㧕ߪᾲᎿቇಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡࡑࠗࠢࡠ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞ౝߩᾲᵹേ߇⣉శࠍᶎ߮ᆎ
߼ߚ 2000 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦ Banff㧔ࠞ࠽࠳㧕ߢᆎ߹ߞߚ
࿖㓙ળ⼏ߢߔ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘2005 ᐕߪ Lucca㧔ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ㧕㧘2008 ᐕߪ Whistler㧔ࠞ࠽࠳㧕ߣ 3 ᐕᲤߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ 3 ࿁ߪࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩ Celataඳ჻߇ળ⼏ߩ⼏㐳ࠍോ߼ߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇㧘੹࿁ೋ߼ߡᣣᧄߩਥዉߦࠃߞߡ㧘߹ߚᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩ 50๟ᐕ੐ᬺߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ㧘2011 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 4 ᣣ(ᣣ)߆ࠄ
9 ᦬ 9 ᣣ(㊄)ߩᣣ⒟ߢ⑔ጟᏒߩࡅ࡞࠻ࡦ⑔ጟࠪ࡯
ࡎ࡯ࠢࡎ࠹࡞㧔࿑ 1㧕ߦߡⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ㧚ળ⼏ߩౝኈ
ࡑࠗࠢࡠ㧛࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᾲߣᵹࠇࠍ࠹
࡯ࡑߦߒߚᧄળ⼏߇ࠞࡃ࡯ߔࠆౝኈߪ㧘න⋧ᵹ㧘ੑ⋧ᵹ㧘⋧ᄌൻ㧘વᾲᯏེ㧘Άᢱ㔚ᳰ㧘Ά὾㧘CFD,ಽሶേജቇ㧘⸘᷹ᛛⴚߣ᏷ᐢߊ㧘߹ߚ㧘ࠪࡦࠣ࡞࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦᒻᑼߢ 5 ᣣ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡᔀᐩ⸛⺰ࠍߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄᒰ⹥⎇ⓥߩ⃻⁁ࠍ✂⟜⊛ߦℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߢߔ㧚੹࿁⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ৻⥸⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߪ 68 ઙߣ೨࿁ߩ
47 ઙࠍᄢ᏷ߦ਄࿁ࠅ㧘ߎߩಽ㊁ߩ⋓ࠅ਄߇ࠅߣߣ   ࿑ 1 ળ႐ࡎ࠹࡞ࠍ⢛᥊ߦ               ࿑ 2 ળ႐ౝߩ᭽ሶ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 61 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

࿖㓙ᵴേ࡮ળ⼏ႎ๔࡚ࡦߣἋᵜߥ࡜ࡦ࠴ࡆࡘ࠶ࡈࠚએᄖߦ߽㧘࡟࠮ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ߿ࡃࡦࠤ࠶࠻㧔࿑ 3㧕ࠍᄢ޿ߦḩ༛ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈ߥ߇ࠄ࿖㓙⊛ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩ᭴▽߇ㅴࠎߛ߽ߩߣផኤߒߡ޿߹ߔ㧚ᧄળ⼏ߩᚑഞߪ౒ห⼏㐳ߩ═ᧁિ⧷వ↢ߪߓ߼⚵❱ᆔຬฦ૏ߩᗂߒߺߥ޿දജߩ⾦‛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘଀߃߫㧘Gian Luca Morini వ↢(Univ. Bologna, Italy)ߪᕆ∛ߩ Stephane Colin వ↢ߩઍᓎߢᕆㆰࠠ࡯ࡁ
࡯࠻ࠍߎߥߒߚ਄ߦࡃࡦࠤ࠶࠻߽⋓ࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ߚ
ߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧔࿑ 4㧕㧚ᧄળ⼏ߪᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩᓟ᛼
ߒߩ߅߆ߍߢ࿖ౝ߆ࠄ੍߽ᗐએ਄ߩෳട⠪ࠍ㓸߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ߐࠄߦ㧘ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ㧘਻Ꮊᄢቇࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠾ࡘ࡯࠻࡜࡞࿖㓙⎇ⓥᚲ(I2CNER)㧘਻Ꮊᄢቇ᳓⚛ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿖㓙⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧘International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer ߘߒߡ Engineering Conferences International ߆ࠄ߽ߏᡰ
េࠍ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ਃᐕᓟߩ HTFFM-V ߽ౣ߮ᄙߊߩෳട⠪ࠍᓧߡ㧘᦭ᗧ⟵ߢᭉߒ޿ᖱႎ੤឵ߩ
႐ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ␨ߞߡ޿߹ߔ㧚⴫ 1 ࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻⻠Ṷ৻ⷩ⻠Ṷ⠪࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
Khellil Sefiane
Fundamental studies of nanofluid(Univ. Edinburgh, solutions two phase heat transfer
UK)and phase change
Tomoaki Kunugi
Visualization and numerical(Kyoto Univ.,
simulation on subcooled pool
Japan)
boiling
Peter Stephan
Characteristics of evaporative heat
(Darmstadt Univ. of transfer in the vicinity of aTech., Germany)
3-phase contact line
Naoki Shikazono
Liquid film in micro tube two(The Univ. ofphase flow systems
Tokyo, Japan)
Xing Zhang
Study on the thermal, electrical(Tsinghua Univ.,
and thermoelectric properties ofChina)
nanofilms
Kenneth S. Breuer Contact line dynamics at the(Brown Univ., USA) nanoscale with and without
evaporation
Stephane Colin
Experimental techniques for the(Univ. of Toulouse, analysis of gaseous microflows
France)ታⴕᆔຬળߩ┙႐߆ࠄ੹࿁ߩળ⼏ߪᤤ㘩ࠍᲤᣣឭଏߔࠆᣇᑼߢߒߚ㧚ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࠃ߁ߦࠨࡦ࠼ࠗ࠶࠴ߩߺߣ޿߁ߩߪᣣ
ᧄߩ㜞⚖ࡎ࠹࡞ߢߪ޽ࠅ߃ߕ㧘ᤤ㘩ߛߌߢ৻ੱ৻
࿁޽ߚࠅᢙජ౞߇⺧᳞ߐࠇ߹ߔ㧚ታⴕᆔຬળߣߒ
ߡߪ㧘ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯෼౉ߣ੍ᗐෳട⠪ᢙࠍ߽ߣߦෳ
ട⊓㍳ᢱࠍࠡ࡝ࠡ࡝ߩ✢ߢ⸳ቯߒߚߚ߼㧘ਁ߇৻ෳട⠪߇ᄢ߈ߊᷫዋߔࠆߣᄢ߈ߥ⿒ሼ߇⊒↢ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪⷡᖗߒߡ޿߹ߒߚ㧚ߘߎߦ㧘޽ߩ㔡ἴߩ⊒↢ߢߔ㧚ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯ߩਛߦߪ⾗㊄េഥߩ᧦ઙ߇ᶏᄖ߆ࠄߩෳട⠪ഀว߇৻ቯએ਄ߢ޽
ࠆߎߣࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ㧘ߤߩߊࠄ޿ߩࠠࡖ
ࡦ࠮࡞߇޽ࠆߩ߆㧘⼏㐳ߩ㜞↰଻ਯవ↢ߣߣ߽ߦ᳇ࠍ߽߻ᤨᦼ߇߆ߥࠅ޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚㔡ἴ೨ߦ✦߼ಾߞߚ᭎ⷐ൐㓸ߦߪ 130 ઙߩᛩⓂ
߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇㧘⺰ᢥขࠅਅߍߩㅪ⛊߇ᢿ⛯⊛ߦ౉ࠅ㧘⚿ዪ㧘ណᛯߐࠇߡ߽ᛩⓂߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ⺰ᢥ
߇ 50 ઙㄭߊߦ਄ࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ߤ߁߿ࠄ‫߅ޟ‬࿖ᨩ‫ߪੱࠬࡦ࡜ࡈ߫߃଀ߢ߁ࠃࠆ޽߇ޠ‬ේ⊒੐᡿ࠍߐ߶ߤ᳇ߦߒߥ޿ߩ߆ࠠࡖࡦ࠮࡞ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ
ߊ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡᶏᄖ൓ߣߒߡߪਛ࿖ߣਗࠎߢᦨᄢ
ߩෳട⠪ࠍ⸥㍳ߒ߹ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘੹࿁ߪ⑔ጟߣ޿߁ߤߎ߳ⴕߎ߁ߣᭉߒ߼
ࠆ࿯࿾ᨩߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽޽ߞߡࠛࠢࠬࠞ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߪ
⸳ቯߒߥ߆ߞߚߩߢߔ߇㧘ࡆ࡯࠴ߦㄭ޿ࡠࠤ࡯ࠪ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

࿑ 3 ࡃࡦࠤ࠶࠻ߦߡ

࿑ 4 Gian Luca Morini వ↢- 62 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

ⴕ੐ࠞ࡟ࡦ࠳࡯

ᧄળਥ௅ⴕ੐
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2012 ᐕ

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╙ 3 ࿁ ࿖㓙વᾲࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ
3rd International Forum on Heat Transferᧄળ౒௅㧘ද⾥㧘ᓟេⴕ੐㐿௅ᣣ
2012 ᐕ

↳ㄟ✦ಾ

ේⓂ✦ಾ

໧วవ

ឝタภ

2012.1.20

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ንጊ⋵┙ᄢቇ Ꮏቇㇱ ᯏ᪾ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᎿቇ⑼ᯏ᪾ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ꮏቇ⻠ᐳౝ
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ⴕ੐ฬ

2012.7.31


↳ㄟ✦ಾ

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1᦬

19( ᧁ )㨪20(㊄)GTSJ ࠟࠬ࠲࡯ࡆࡦ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯
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29(Ἣ)
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વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 63 -

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J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

߅⍮ࠄߖ

The Nukiyama Memorial Award
The Nukiyama Memorial Award has been established by the Heat Transfer Society of Japan tocommemorate outstanding contributions by Shiro Nukiyama as an excellent heat transfer scientist. Nukiyama
addressed the challenges of the boiling phenomena and published a pioneering paper which clarified these
phenomena in the form of the Nukiyama curve (boiling curve). This epoch-making work was done in 1930s, whenheat transfer research was in an early stage and Nukiyama himself was young, under forty years old. The
Nukiyama Memorial Award shall be bestowed to a scientist under/ about fifty years of age, once every two years
in the field of Thermal Science and Engineering.

Biography: Shiro Nukiyama
Shiro Nukiyama was born in 1896 in Tokyo, Japan. He graduated from Tokyo
Imperial University, and immediately started his professional career as a Lecturer of
Tohoku Imperial University (currently Tohoku University). He was appointed
Associate Professor in 1921. He visited England, Germany, Switzerland and theUnited States in 1922~24. He was appointed Professor in 1926. In subsequent years
he actively conducted boiling heat transfer research.
In 1934, Nukiyama published a pioneering paper*) which was entitled “TheMaximum and Minimum Values of the Heat Q Transmitted from Metal to Boiling Water
under Atmospheric Pressure”. This paper clarified and provided an overview of the boiling phenomena in the formof the Nukiyama Curve (boiling curve).
In this work, Nukiyama made an excellent experiment using a metallic wire or a metal wire+), in which
temperature and heat flux are evaluated accurately, and found that the relation between degree of superheating andheat flux is not monotonous, and that a maximum heat flux points appears in the nucleate boiling region and aminimum heat flux point appears in the film boiling region. He also found the hysteresis behavior that occurs in
the transition region between the nucleate boiling and film boiling. Furthermore, he suggested that the boilingcurve can be drawn even in the transition region if the state of the boiling water can be changed quasi-statically.
This was an epoch-making work which clarified the physics of boiling phenomena first. It has been highly
appreciated in the international academic world of heat transfer. Also, it has become a guideline to heat transfer
engineering for the design and control of combustion boilers and/or steam generators, and as such it has laid thefoundation of modern energy technology. The Nukiyama Curve appears in every textbook of heat transfer today.
Nukiyama is a great person in the international academic world of heat transfer.
In 1956 Nukiyama retired from Tohoku University, and was granted the title of Professor Emeritus. He
served as the President of Heat Transfer Society of Japan in 1963~64. He received the Max Jacob Memorial
Award in 1968. In 1983, he passed away in Sendai, Japan.
*) : Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 37, no. 206, pp. 367-374, June 1934. The English

translation was published twice in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, in vol. 9, pp. 1419-1433, 1966 andin vol. 27, pp. 959-970, 1984.

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 64 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖCall for Nominations The Nukiyama Memorial Award
Sponsored by
The Heat Transfer Society of JapanThe Nukiyama Memorial Award has been established by the Heat Transfer Society of Japan on its 50th
anniversary to commemorate the land-mark contributions by Shiro Nukiyama as an outstanding heat transfer
scientist. Nukiyama addressed the challenges of the boiling phenomena and published an epoch-making paper,
which provided an overview of the phenomena in the form of the Nukiyama curve (boiling curve). This
pioneering work was made in the 1930s, when heat transfer research was in its infancy and Nukiyama himself wasyoung: still under forty years old. The Nukiyama Memorial Award shall be bestowed to a scientist, preferably
under 50 years of age, every two years in the field of Thermal Science and Engineering.
The Award shall be bestowed for outstanding scientific and engineering contributions and eminent achievementsin the field of Thermal Science and Engineering. These contributions and achievements should yield a deeper
insight into the relevant phenomena or should yield significant technological advances. In addition to research, therecipient should have made outstanding contributions to the field through teaching, design, or a combination ofsuch activities. The Award is based on achievement through publications in the field of Thermal Science andEngineering, or achievement through the application of Thermal Science and Engineering. Nationality, gender, or
society membership shall not be considered when evaluating the qualifications of candidates. A candidate must be
alive at the time of designation as a recipient of the Award.
The Award consists of a plaque, an embossed certificate and an honorarium of 500,000 Japanese Yen. The Awardis administered by the Board of the Nukiyama Memorial Award. The deadline for accepting nominations for theAward is January 31 2012. The Award will be bestowed at the Third International Forum on Heat Transfer(IFHT2012) during November 13-15, 2012 in Nagasaki, Japan, where the recipient of the Award will present an
Award Lecture.
Nominators can obtain further information and download the nomination form from a webpage at
http://www.htsj.or.jp/index.html
Five reference letters from professionals of at least two different countries who are familiar with the contributionsof the nominee are requested.
Professor Nobuhide Kasagi, Chairperson
Board of the Nukiyama Memorial Award
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Tokyo
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Tel. +81-3-5841-6417; Fax. +81-3-5800-6999
kasagi@thtlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 65 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖᣣᧄવᾲቇળഃ┙  ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ
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ࠍታᣉߒ߹ߔ㧚࡮ 1 ⻠Ṷ޽ߚࠅߩഀᒰᤨ㑆ߪ㧘৻⥸࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ 15 ಽ㧔⊒⴫ 10 ಽ㧘୘೎⸛⺰ 5 ಽ㧕ߢ㧘ฦ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ
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ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒ߹ߔ㧚ෳടߐࠇߥ޿ળຬߩ߁ߜᏗᦸ⠪ߦߪ CD-ROM ࠍ੐ᓟߦ߅ㅍࠅߒ߹ߔ㧚㧕 㕖ળຬ㧦8,000 ౞㧔ශ೚ 㧕㧚ળ႐ฃઃߦߡᣣᧄવᾲቇળߦ౉ળࠍ↳ߒㄟ߹ࠇࠆ႐วߪήᢱߣߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚‫ޣ‬ᙣⷫળ‫ޤ‬࡮ 㐿௅ᣣ㧦ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕࡮ ળ႐㧦 ANA ࠢ࡜࠙ࡦࡊ࡜ࠩࡎ࠹࡞ንጊ࡮ ෳട⾌㧦 ৻⥸㧔੐೨↳ㄟ㧦8,000 ౞㧘ળ႐↳ㄟ㧦10,000 ౞㧚ห઻㈩஧⠪ήᢱ㧕 ቇ↢㧔੐೨↳ㄟ㧦4,000 ౞㧘ળ႐↳ㄟ㧦 5,000 ౞㧕‫ޣ‬੤ㅢߣኋᴱ‫ޤ‬࡮ ੤ㅢߣኋᴱߦߟ߈߹ߒߡߪ㧘ᧄࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿㧚વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 66 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖ⻠Ṷ↳ㄟᣇᴺ㧘⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘ၫ╩ⷐ✁‫⻠ޣ‬Ṷ↳ㄟߺᣇᴺ‫ޤ‬࡮ ේೣߣߒߡ࠙ࠚࡉߦࠃࠆ↳ㄟߺߦ㒢ࠄߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚ᧄࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢḰ஻ߔࠆ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄ
ᔅⷐߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ౉ജߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚࠙ࠚࡉߦࠃࠆ↳ㄟߺ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߦߪ㧘ታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪߦ߅໧
޿วࠊߖߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ↳ㄟߺߩ㓙ߦ㧘৻⥸࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ࠝ࡯ࠟ࠽ࠗ࠭࠼࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ
޿ߕࠇߢ⊒⴫ߔࠆ߆ࠍㆬᛯߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚ఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅↳ㄟߺߩ႐วߦߪ㧘ᧄภឝタߩ߅⍮ࠄߖ‫ޟ‬ఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨㧔╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߏࠍޠ‬ෳᾖߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ⊒⴫↳ㄟߺᤨߦ㧘⺰ᢥߩࠕࡉࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠻㧔ᣣᧄ⺆ߢ 200~250 ሼ㧕ࠍ౉ജߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸ߩᛞ㍳ߣߒߡ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴㧔JST㧕ߩ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߦ⊓㍳ߒ߹ߔ㧚࡮ ⻠Ṷ⊒⴫↳ㄟߺߪ㧘⻠Ṷ⠪ 1 ฬߦߟ߈ 1 㗴⋡ߣߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚࡮ ⻠Ṷߩណุ߅ࠃ߮࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߳ߩᝄಽߌߪ㧘ታⴕᆔຬળߦߏ৻છߊߛߐ޿㧚‫⻠ޣ‬Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸‫ޤ‬࡮ ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸ߣߒߡ㧘ࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ශ೚ 㧔⊕㤥㧕ߣ㔚ሶ 㧔CD-ROM 㧕ࠍ૞⵾ߒ߹ߔ㧚⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸㧔㔚ሶ 㧕ߪ࠙ࠚࡉ਄ߢ౏㐿ߔࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚ળຬߦߪቇળ⹹ 2012 ᐕ 4 ᦬ภߦ߅޿ߡࡄࠬࡢ࡯࠼ᖱႎࠍㅢ⍮ߒ㧘㔚ሶ ࠍ࠙ࠚࡉ਄ߢ㑛ⷩߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚ࡄࠬࡢ࡯࠼ߦࠃࠆ㑛ⷩߪ㧘ળຬ߇ᒰ⹥⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥࠍߩߜߦේ⪺⺰ᢥߣߒߡቇⴚ⺰ᢥ⹹╬ߦᛩⓂߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒ㧘ᧄ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸߇㒢ࠄࠇߚ▸࿐ߦ㈩Ꮣߐ
ࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ߽ߩߢߔ㧚࡮ ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸ߩශ೚ ߣ CD-ROM ߪෳട޿ߚߛ޿ߚળຬߦ㈩Ꮣߒ߹ߔ㧚ߥ߅㧘CD-ROM ߪෳടߢ߈
ߥ߆ߞߚળຬߦ߽Ꮧᦸ߇޽ࠇ߫㈩Ꮣߒ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ⚳ੌᓟߦታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪߦ߅↳ߒㄟߺߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ශ೚ ߩ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߩ㐳ߐߪ 1 㗴⋡޽ߚࠅ A4 ࠨࠗ࠭ߢ 2 ࡍ࡯ࠫߣߒ߹ߔ㧚⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߩ૞ᚑ᭽ᑼߪ㧘೨࿁ߣห᭽ߩ 2 Ბ⚵ ஥ 26 ሼ60 ⴕߣߔࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚࡮ 㔚ሶ ߦߪ㧘ࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ශ೚ ߣหߓ߽ߩ߆㧘߹ߚߪ 8 ࡍ࡯ࠫએౝߩࡈ࡞ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠍឝタߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ
߈߹ߔ㧚㔚ሶ ߩ᭽ᑼߪශ೚ ߣหߓߢߔ߇㧘ࠞ࡜࡯ߩ૶↪߇น⢻ߢߔ㧚ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ኈ㊂ߪᦨᄢߢ 2 MB߹ߢߣߒ㧘േ↹ߪ฽߹ߥ޿߽ߩߣߒ߹ߔ㧚࡮ ේⓂߪ㧘ᧄࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢḰ஻ߔࠆ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߆ࠄឭ಴ߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ 㔚ሶ ߦឝタߐࠇߚ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߪ㧘ᧄቇળߩ⺰ᢥ⹹̌Thermal Science and Engineering̍㧔એਅ㧘TSE ߣ⇛ߔ㧕ߦߘߩ߹߹ᛩⓂߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߔ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ឝタߩนุߪㅢᏱߩᩏ⺒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⚻ߡ᳿߹ࠅ߹ߔ㧚࡮ TSE ߳ߩᛩⓂࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ႐ว㧘ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄේⓂࠍឭ಴ߔࠆ㓙ߦ㧘⺰ᢥᛩⓂ↹㕙ਛߩ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࡏ࠲
ࡦࠍ ON ߦߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚ߘߩ㓙㧘TSE ߩᛩⓂⷙ⒟ࠍߏ৻⺒㗿޿߹ߔ㧚ᩏ⺒ߪ㧘㔚ሶ ߦឝタߐࠇߚ⺰ᢥࠍ߽ߣߦ TSE ✬㓸ᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡᜂᒰࠛ࠺ࠖ࠲ࠍቯ߼㧘ㅢᏱߩᚻ⛯߈ߦᓥߞߡⴕ޿߹ߔ㧚ࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ශ೚ ߣหߓ 2 ࡍ࡯ࠫߢ߽ TSE ේⓂߣߒߡฃߌઃߌ߹ߔ߇㧘8 ࡍ࡯ࠫએౝߢࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߦၫ╩޿ߚߛߊ߶
߁߇㧘ߘߩᓟߩᩏ⺒߇౞Ṗߦㅴߺ߹ߔ㧚ឝタนߣߥߞߚᓟߦߪ㧘TSE ߩ⺰ᢥᒻᑼߦᴪߞߚේⓂࠍឭ಴ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚ߎߩ႐วߩ TSE ⺰ᢥߩฃℂᣣߪ㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታⴕᆔຬળߢߩේⓂฃઃᣣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ㧚࡮ ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥේⓂߪ㧘⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥࠍ㔚ሶൻߔࠆߚ߼ߦ PDF ࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߢឭ಴ߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚࡮ ේⓂឭ಴✦ಾᣣ߹ߢߦឭ಴ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߪ㧘⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸㧔ශ೚ ࡮CD-ROM 㧕߅ࠃ߮࠙ࠚࡉߦឝタߐࠇ߹ߖࠎ㧚චಽߏᵈᗧߊߛߐ޿㧚‫ޣ‬ၫ╩ⷐ✁‫ޤ‬٤⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥේⓂߩᦠ߈ᣇ
࡮⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߪએਅߦᓥߞߡ૞ᚑߒߡਅߐ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘ᦠᑼߩ⹦⚦ߥࠄ߮ߦ࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࡯࠻↪ߩ㔚ሶࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪ㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫࠍߏෳᾖਅߐ޿㧚⴫㗴ㇱಽߩᦠᑼ㧦 ේⓂߪ㧘એਅߩ྾ⷺ࿐޿ㇱߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘๺ᢥ⴫㗴㧘๺ᢥ೽㗴㧘⧷ᢥ⴫㗴㧘⧷ᢥ೽㗴㧘๺ᢥ⪺⠪ฬ㧔ળຬ⾗ᩰ㧘⪺⠪ฬ㧘ᚲዻߩ⇛⸥㧕㧘⧷ᢥ⪺⠪ฬ㧘⧷ᢥᚲዻᯏ㑐࡮ᚲ࿷࿾㧘⧷ᢥࠕࡉࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠻㧘⧷ᢥࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߩ㗅ߦ㧘Ბ⚵ࠍߖߕ᏷ 150mm ߦ෼߹ࠆࠃ߁ߦ࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻ߒߡਅߐ޿㧚ㅪฬ⠪߇޽ࠆ႐วߦ
ߪ㧘⻠Ṷ⠪ߩ೨ߦ㧖ශࠍߟߌ㧘⧷ᢥߩᚲዻᯏ㑐࡮ᚲ࿷࿾ߦߟ޿ߡ߽਄ઃ߈ᢙሼߢ඙೎ߒߡਅߐ޿㧚 ⺰ᢥ⴫㗴߅ࠃ߮⪺⠪ฬߪ㧘⻠Ṷ↳ㄟᤨߩ࠺࡯࠲ߣหߓ߽ߩࠍหߓ㗅ᐨߢᦠ޿ߡਅߐ޿㧚⻠Ṷ↳ㄟᤨߩ࠺࡯
࠲ߣ⇣ߥࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘⋡ᰴ߿⚝ᒁߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ㧚વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 67 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

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150mm

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Guide for the manuscripts (⧷ᢥ⴫㗴: Times New Roman 12pt)
The case of MS-Word (⧷ᢥ೽㗴: Times New Roman 12pt)
㧔1 ⴕ޽ߌࠆ㧕વᱜ 㧖વᾲ ᄥ㇢㧔વᾲᄢ㧕㧔ળຬ⾗ᩰ ⪺⠪ฬ[⻠Ṷ⠪ߦߪ㧖ශ]㧔ᚲዻ⇛⒓㧕
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㧔1 ⴕ޽ߌࠆ㧕
Taro DENNETSU (⧷ᢥ⪺⠪ฬ㧦Times New Roman 10pt)
Dept. of Mech. Eng., Dennetsu Univ., 1-2, Ohtemachi, Toyama 930-0084
㧔1 ⴕ޽ߌࠆ㧕㧔ᢥ㗡ߦඨⷺࠬࡍ࡯ࠬ 5 ߟࠍᝌ౉ߔࠆ㧕English abstract ..... 㧔⧷ᢥࠕࡉࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠻㧦Times New
Roman 10pt, 100 ⺆⒟ᐲ㧕
㧔1 ⴕ޽ߌࠆ㧕
Key Words : Heat Transfer㧔⧷ᢥࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦Times New Roman 9pt, 3㨪5 ୘⒟ᐲ㧕

㧔1 ⴕ޽ߌࠆ㧕⴫㗴ㇱಽߩᦠᑼ

ᧄᢥߩᦠᑼ㧦 ╙㧝ࡍ࡯ࠫߢ㧘ᧄᢥߪ 9 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻᣿ᦺ૕ߩ 2 Ბ⚵㧔 ஥ 1 ⴕ 26 ᢥሼ⒟ᐲ㧕ߢ૞ᚑߒߡਅߐ޿㧚╙ 2 ࡍ࡯ࠫએਅߢߪ㧘వ㗡߆ࠄ 2 Ბ⚵ߣߒ㧘 ஥ 60 ⴕࠍ⋡቟ߣߒߡ૞ᚑߒߡਅߐ޿㧚࿑⴫㧦 ࿑⴫ਛߩ⸥ภ߅ࠃ߮ࠠࡖࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߪ⧷⺆ߢᦠ޿ߡਅߐ޿㧚ߥ߅㧘㔚ሶ ේⓂߪࠞ࡜࡯⴫␜߇น⢻ߢߔ߇㧘ࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ශ೚ ේⓂߪ⊕㤥ߢශ೚ߐࠇ߹ߔ㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧦 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߪ㧘ᧄᢥਛߩᒁ↪▎ᚲߩฝ⢋ߦዊ᜝ᒐࠍߟߌߚ⇟ภ(1)ߢ⴫ߒ㧘ᧄᢥߩᧃየߦᰴߩࠃ߁
ߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ೉⸥ߒߡਅߐ޿㧚(⇟ภ) ⪺⠪ฬ, 㔀⹹⇛⒓, Ꮞ-ภ(⊒ⴕᐕ), వ㗡ࡍ࡯ࠫ⇟ภ.
଀㧦(1) વᾲ࡮ઁ 2 ฬ, ᯏ⺰(B), 12-345(2006), 1234.
2&( ࡈࠔࠗ࡞߳ߩᄌ឵㧦 PDF ࡈࠔࠗ࡞૞ᚑߩߚ߼ߩࡈࠔࠗ࡞ᄌ឵ᤨߦߪ㧘‫ߩ࠻ࡦࠜࡈޟ‬ၒ߼ㄟߺࠍⴕ߁‫ࠃޠ‬߁⸳ቯߒߡਅߐ޿㧚ᄌ឵ᓟߩ PDF ේⓂߪ㧘ឭ಴೨ߦ㧘ᔅߕ㧘ශ೚ߒߚ߽ߩࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡਅߐ޿㧚‫⻠ޣ‬Ṷ⺰ᢥߩ౏㐿ᣣ‫ޤ‬࡮ ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥߪ㧘ળຬࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㐿௅ᣣߩ 1 ㅳ㑆⒟೨߆ࠄ࠙ࠚࡉ਄ߢ౏㐿ߒ߹ߔ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘․⸵ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ౏⍮ᣣߪࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㐿௅ᣣࠃࠅ߽ᣧߊߥࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ߏᵈᗧߊߛߐ޿㧚‫ޣ‬ෳട⾌╬ߩᡰᛄ޿ᣇᴺ‫ޤ‬࡮ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄ੐೨ෳട⊓㍳ࠍⴕߞߚᓟߦ㧘ᧄ⹹ߦ᜽ߺㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ᛄㄟขᛒ␿‫޿↪ࠍޠ‬㧘એਅߩ⸥౉଀ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ߅ᡰᛄ޿ਅߐ޿㧚࡮ᛄㄟߺࠍ߽ߞߡ‫ޟ‬੐೨↳ㄟቢੌ‫ߔ߹ߒߣޠ‬㧚ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ߆ࠄߩ⊓㍳ߛߌߢߪ‫ޟ‬ቢੌ‫ࠎߖ߹ࠅ޽ߪߢޠ‬㧚ᛄㄟߺ߇ᐔᚑ  ᐕ 4 ᦬ 14 ᣣએ㒠ߦߥߞߚ႐วߪᒰᣣ⊓㍳ᛒ޿ߣߒ㧘ળ႐ฃઃߦߡᏅ㗵ࠍ߅ᡰᛄ޿޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ㧚࡮㌁ⴕࠃࠅᝄㄟ߹ࠇࠆ႐วߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩࠁ߁ߜࠂ㌁ⴕญᐳߦ߅ᝄㄟߺਅߐ޿㧚ߘߩ㓙㧘ᔅߕ 1 ઙߕߟߣߒ㧘᳁ฬߩ೨ߦෳട⊓㍳ ID ⇟ภࠍઃߌߡਅߐ޿㧚ᐫฬ㧔ᐫ⇟㧕
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ญᐳฬ⒓㧔ṽሼ㧕㧦╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታⴕᆔຬળ
ญᐳฬ⒓㧔ࠞ࠽㧕㧦࠳࡛ࠗࡦࠫࡘ࠙ࠠࡘ࠙ࠞࠗ࠾ࡎࡦ࠺ࡦࡀ࠷ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓࠫ࠶ࠦ࠙ࠗࠗࡦࠞࠗ


વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 68 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖ߅ᡰᛄ޿޿ߚߛߊ㗄⋡ࠍ٤ߢ࿐ࠎߢਅߐ޿㧚ᝄㄟᚻᢙᢱߪ
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㔚⹤⇟ภࠍ‫ߏޟ‬ଐ㗬ੱ‫ߩޠ‬ᰣߦߏ⸥౉ਅߐ޿㧚

ઍ⴫⠪ߩᣇ
ߩ߅ฬ೨ࠍ
ߏ⸥౉ਅߐ


‫ߏޣ‬ᵈᗧ‫ޤ‬࡮ ⻠Ṷ↳ㄟߺߩขᶖ߅ࠃ߮⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥේⓂߩᏅᦧ߃ߪ㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩḰ஻ߣㆇ༡ߦᡰ㓚ࠍ߈ߚߒ߹ߔߩߢ
ߏ㆙ᘦߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ⺰ᢥ㗴⋡ߣ⪺⠪ฬ߇㧘⻠Ṷ↳ㄟߺᤨߣ⺰ᢥឭ಴ᤨߢ⋧㆑ߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ․ߦߏᵈᗧߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ญ㗡⊒⴫↪ߣߒߡታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ߇Ḱ஻ߔࠆᯏེߪ㧘ේೣߣߒߡᶧ᥏ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠲ߩߺߣߐߖߡ޿ߚ
ߛ߈߹ߔ㧚ࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߪฦ⥄ߏᜬෳߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ෳട⾌㧘ᙣⷫળ⾌╬ߪෳടขᶖߒߩ႐วߢ߽㄰㊄޿ߚߒ߹ߖࠎ㧚࡮ ᧄࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨᣂᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㓐ᤨᦝᣂߔࠆࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߢߏ⏕⹺ߊߛߐ޿㧚࡮ ߘߩઁ㧘ߏਇ᣿ߥὐ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚࠄ㧘ታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ߹ߢ E-mail ߹ߚߪ FAX ߢ߅໧޿วࠊߖߊߛߐ޿㧚‫߅ޣ‬໧޿วࠊߖవ‫ޤ‬ ╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ ንጊ⋵┙ᄢቇ Ꮏቇㇱ ᯏ᪾ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᎿቇ⑼ ᯏ᪾ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ꮏቇ⻠ᐳౝ E-mail: nhts49@ml.pu-toyama.ac.jp
 FAX: 0766-56-6131

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 69 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖ

ఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨㧔╙  ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᣣᧄવᾲቇળ ቇ↢ળᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳 㥱⮮ථᔒ╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢߪ㧘ਅ⸥ߩⷐ㗔ߢ㧘ቇ↢߅ࠃ߮⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚఝ⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯ࠪ
࡚ࡦ⾨࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⸳ߌ߹ߔ㧚ᣣ㗃ߩ⎇㐭ߩᚑᨐࠍᛲ㔺ߔࠆ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߣߒߡ㧘ᅗߞߡߏᔕ൐ਅߐ޿㧚㐿  ௅  ᣣ㧦 ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 30 ᣣ㧔᳓㧕 ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ╙ 1 ᣣ⊒ ⴫ ᒻ ᑼ㧦 ⊒⴫⠪ 1 ฬ޽ߚࠅ 3 ಽ⒟ᐲߩ࡚ࠪ࡯࠻ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ 60 ಽ⒟ᐲߩࡐࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡟࠯
ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ߁ᒻᑼࠍߣࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘᳿ቯߒᰴ╙㧘ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߩ
ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦឝタ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚ኻ     ⽎㧦 ડᬺ࡮ᄢቇ࡮⎇ⓥᯏ㑐╬ߩᛛⴚ⠪࡮⎇ⓥ⠪ߢ㧘ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ⃻࿷ߢ 28 ᱦએਅߩ⠪㧘߹ߚߪ㧘↳ㄟᒰᣣߦቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆ⠪㧔ߚߛߒ㧘␠ળੱᄢቇ㒮↢ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕㧚ᔕ ൐ ⾗ ᩰ㧦 ⊒⴫ᤨ㧔ክᩏᤨ㧕ߦ㧘ᣣᧄવᾲቇળߩળຬ㧔ᱜຬ࡮ቇ↢ຬ㧕ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧘߹ߚߪ౉ળ↳ㄟਛߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᧄ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢ⊒⴫ߔࠆᣇߪ㧘ᔕ൐⾗ᩰࠍᔅߕḩߚߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ߹
ߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘ㆊ෰ߦᧄ⾨ࠍฃ⾨ߐࠇߚᣇߪᔕ൐ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎ㧚ᔕ ൐ ઙ ᢙ㧦 ᜰዉᢎຬ߹ߚߪ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㐳╬޽ߚࠅ㧘1 ฬ㧔1 ઙ㧕ߣߒ߹ߔ㧚ᔕ ൐ ᣇ ᴺ㧦 ╙ 49 ࿁ᣣᧄવᾲࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ⊒⴫↳ㄟᤨߦ㧘ᧄภឝタߩ⎇ⓥ⊒⴫↳ㄟᣇᴺߦᓥߞߡ㧘̌ఝ
⑲ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⾨̍ߩ㗄⋡ࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘̌ᜰዉᢎຬ߹ߚߪ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㐳╬ߩᚲዻ࡮᳁ฬ࡮㔚ሶࡔ࡯࡞ࠕ࠼࡟ࠬ̍ࠍ౉ജߒߡߊߛߐ޿㧚ߥ߅㧘⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥේⓂߩ᭽ᑼߦߟ޿ߡߪ
৻⥸࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߣห᭽ߩ߽ߩߣߒ߹ߔ㧚ክᩏ࡮ㆬ⠨ᣇᴺ㧦 ⶄᢙฬߩክᩏຬߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔߦၮߠ޿ߡㆬ⠨ߒ㧘ฃ⾨⠪ࠍ᳿ቯߒ߹ߔ㧚⴫     ᓆ㧦 ฃ⾨⠪ߪࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ╙ 2 ᣣߩቇળ✚ળߢ⴫ᓆߐࠇ߹ߔ㧚વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 70 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214߅⍮ࠄߖᣣᧄવᾲቇળਥ௅ ╙  ࿁ ࿖㓙વᾲࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ
International Forum on Heat Transfer (IFHT2012)⿰ᣦᣣᧄવᾲቇળߪ㧘਎⇇ᦨᄢ߆ߟᦨ߽ࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉߥવᾲߩ⎇ⓥ⠪࡮ᛛⴚ⠪㓸࿅ߣߒߡ㧘਎⇇ਛߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇㓸޿㧘ᣂߒ޿વᾲ⎇ⓥߩ࠻࡟ࡦ࠼ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔ࿖㓙વᾲࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߒ߹ߔ㧚2004 ᐕߦ੩ㇺߢࡈࠜ࡯࡜
ࡓ߇ࠬ࠲࡯࠻ߒ㧘2008 ᐕߦߪ᧲੩ߢ╙ 2 ࿁ߩࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ߇㐿௅ߐࠇ㧘Ფ࿁ 150 ઙࠍ⿥߃ࠆ⊒⴫ߢ⋓ࠅ਄߇ࠅࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿߹ߔ㧚╙ 3 ࿁ߪ㧘2012 ᐕߦ㐳ፒߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߡࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࠍ㐿௅ߒ߹ߔ㧚ࠛࡀ
࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ㊁ߩᦨవ┵ࠍ⿛ࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃࠆࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻⻠Ṷ㧘੹࿁ᣂߚߦ࿖㓙⾨ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᛮጊ⸥ᔨ⾨
ߩฃ⾨⠪⊒⴫ߣ⻠Ṷ߇ડ↹ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ㧚৻⥸࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߪવᾲߩᐢ޿ಽ㊁߆ࠄ⊒⴫ࠍ൐㓸ߒ߹ߔ㧚ᄙߊߩᣇ‫⴫⊒ߏߩޘ‬෸߮ߏෳടࠍ߅㗿޿⥌ߒ߹ߔ㧚㐿௅ᣣᤨ࡮႐ᚲ  2012 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 13 ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕㨪15 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕࡮㐳ፒࡉ࡝࠶ࠢࡎ࡯࡞
ෳട⾌㧔੐೨↳ㄟߺ 8 ᦬ 31 ᣣ✦ಾ㧕৻⥸㧦50,000 ౞㧘ቇ↢ 30,000 ౞㧔ᒰᣣ↳ㄟߺ㧕৻⥸㧦60,000 ౞㧘ቇ↢ 40,000 ౞ࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻⻠Ṷ㧔੍ቯ㧕
Gang Chen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Takemi Chikahisa
Hokkaido University, Japan
Sung Jin Kim
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Kim Choon Ng
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Mamoru Tanahashi
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Peng Zhang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓ᭴ᚑ
࡮ࠠ࡯ࡁ࡯࠻⻠Ṷ࡮ࡐࠬ࠲࡯࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧔150 ઙࠍ੍ቯ㧦࡚ࠪ࠶࠻ࠟࡦᒻᑼߩญ㗡⊒⴫㧗ࡐࠬ࠲࡯㧕
࡮The Nukiyama Memorial Award㧔౏൐✦ಾ㧦2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧕⿅๒ᑼߥࠄ߮ߦฃ⾨⻠Ṷࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞
2012 ᐕ

ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ
໧޿วࠊߖవ

2 ᦬ 29 ᣣ㧔᳓㧕࡚ࠪ࡯࠻ࠕࡉࠬ࠻࡜ࠢ࠻ߩ✦ಾ3 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧔࿯㧕⻠Ṷⷐᣦߩฃℂㅢ⍮7 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ශ೚↪ේⓂߩ✦ಾ㧔2㨪6 ࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕8 ᦬ 31 ᣣ㧔㊄㧕੐೨ෳട↳ㄟ✦ಾ

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વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 71 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

੐ോዪ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬- 72 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

੐ോዪ߆ࠄߩㅪ⛊╙ 50 ᦼ౉ળ㧔2011.8.15㨪2011.10.27㧕 ᱜ 4 ฬ࡮ቇ↢ 2 ฬ
⾗

᳁ ฬ

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⾗

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ᚲ ዻ

ቇ
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ቇ

㜞ᯅ ૓ᒎ␹଻ ᷕ
ዊ㊎ ㆐਽

᧲ർᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼
㧔ᩣ㧕㨼㩧㩊㩨㩇㩎㩢㨻㩣㩅㨺㩕㩨㩇㨯㨼㩧㩊㨺㩏㩆㨸㩏㩣᧲ർᄢቇᄢቇ㒮Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼

ᱜᱜᱜ᦬ጊ 㓁੺ർጟ ᔀർ ⧷♿

ᣂẟᄢቇࡗࡦࡑ࡯ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓᩣᑼળ␠
⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱ↥ᬺᛛⴚ✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ

વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

- 73 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214

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センサー本体の構造は、薄膜フォイル･ディスクの中心と周囲の温度差を測定する、差動型熱電対をとなっています。フォイル･ディスクはコンスタンタンで作られており、銅製の円柱形ヒートシンクに取り付けられています。水冷式
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Note from the Editorial Boardᧄภߪ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ․㓸ภߩ╙ 3 ᒢߢߔ㧚11 ᦬ 26 ᣣߦၫࠅⴕࠊࠇߚ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨᑼౖߩႎ๔
╬ߪᰴภឝタߣߥࠅ߹ߔ߇㧘ᒰᣣߩ㈩Ꮣ↪ߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄવᾲቇળඨ਎♿ߩᱠߺ‫ᧄࠍޠ‬ภߦឝタߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ળຬߩ⊝᭽ߦߪߎࠇࠍߏⷩߦߥࠅ 50 ᐕߩᱧผࠍᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡ޿ߚߛ
ߌࠇ߫ᐘ޿ߢߔ㧚߹ߚ㧘9 ᦬ 30 ᣣߩ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢ߅⹤ߒ޿ߚߛ޿ߚਛጊᕡవ↢ߦߪવᾲᯏེ 50 ᐕߩㅴዷ㧘ᐣมᱜᒄవ↢ߦߪᴣ㛛⎇ⓥߩ 50 ᐕߣ㗴ߒߡߏነⓂ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᨷᬀ✍ᄦవ↢߆ࠄߪ㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆੱ᧚௝ߣߘߩ⢒ᚑߦߟ޿ߡߩߏᗧ⷗ࠍ޿ߚ
ߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚⎇ⓥߛߌߢߥߊᢎ⢒߽ቇળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᄢㇱಽ߇⽿છࠍ⽶߁ᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ㧘ߓߞߊࠅ߅⺒ߺ޿ߚߛߌࠇ߫ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ㧚೨ภߦᒁ߈⛯߈⑳੐ߢᕟ❗ߢߔ߇㧘ῳⷫ߇ᔃਇోߢୟࠇ㧘50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨવᾲ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߳ߩ಴Ꮸ
ࠍᕆㆰขࠅ߿߼ߑࠆࠍᓧߥߊߥࠅ߹ߒߚ㧚ᐘ޿㧘ࡍ࡯ࠬࡔ࡯ࠞߩ߅߆ߍߢ੹ߪ߶߷రㅢࠅߩ↢ᵴߦᚯߞߡ޿߹ߔ߇㧘∛ᐥߢ⼋ᅦ߇߭ߤߊߥߞߚ㓙ߦߪ㧘ᢎ⢒ߩᄢಾߐ㧘⚿ᨐࠍᕈᕆߦ᳞߼ߥ
޿ⷡᖗߥߤ㧘ᢎ⢒⺰ࠍ߭ߚߔࠄቮߦะ߆ߞߡ⺆ߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ㧚ᢎ⢒ߦ߅޿ߡᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪ㧘ߎߩᾲᗧߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᡷ߼ߡᗵߓߚᰴ╙ߢߔ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘એ೨ࠃࠅߕߞߣ᳇ߦߥߞߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇
޽ࠅ߹ߔ㧚ߘࠇߪ㧘޿ࠈࠎߥ႐ߢ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᣇ߇ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈ߿ᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡᛕ⹏޽ࠆ޿ߪឭ᩺ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆߩࠍ⡊ߦߒ߹ߔ߇㧘ߘߩߏᧄੱߩฃߌߡ߈ߚᢎ⢒ߣ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡሽ࿷ߔࠆ੹ߩߏ⥄ಽߩ⹏ଔࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว߇⚿᭴޽ࠆߎߣߢߔ㧚߽ߜࠈࠎ㧘ᤨઍߪㅴൻߒ᳞߼ࠄࠇ
ࠆ߽ߩ߽ᄌࠊߞߡߊࠆߢߒࠂ߁߇㧘዁᧪ߩߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘߹ߕ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ✚᜝߇㊀ⷐߛߣᕁ޿߹ߔ㧚50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ․㓸ߪᱷߔߣߎࠈ޽ߣ 1 ภߢߔ㧚㜞᧻ ᵗ㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ㧕
Hiroshi Takamatsu (Kyushu University)e-mail: takamatsu@mech.kyushu-u.ac.jp೽ળ㐳 ጟፒ ஜ㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕ㇱળ㐳 㜞᧻ ᵗ㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ㧕ᆔ ຬ㧔ℂ ੐㧕 ട⮮ᵏ↢㧔ጊญᄢቇ㧕 ဈਅᒄੱ㧔ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇ㧕↰Ꮉᱜੱ㧔ฬฎደᎿᬺᄢቇ㧕 ⷏᧛િ਽㧔ᄢ㒋Ꮢ┙ᄢቇ㧕቟↰ବᒾ㧔ᣣ┙ㅧ⦁㧕ᧁਅ ᴰ㧔㔚ജਛᄩ⎇ⓥᚲ㧕㧔⹏⼏ຬ㧕 ዊේ ᜏ㧔᧲ർᄢቇ㧕⮥↰⠹૞㧔਻Ꮊᄢቇ㧕ફା৻ᘮ㧔᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ㧕
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વᾲ 2012 ᐕ 1 ᦬

- 77 -J. HTSJ, Vol. 51, No. 214