July, 2018
February 7, 201915th Kawasaki International Eco-business Forum

Toward decarbonized industrial parkthrough efficient utilization of waste
and renewable energy resources

Dr. Minoru FUJII
Eco-society Innovation Section
Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

1

Three pillars for de-carbonized society
Expand use of waste andRenewable resources
Waste recycling& energy recovery

Biomass use

Zero emission
power

Energy efficiency improvement(Exergy improvement)

Carbonsequestration

Insulation &exhaust heatrecovery

Long time useof wood materials

Optimum operation

Heat pump

Carbon capture& storage2

Technologies to realize decarbonization
Upgrade of waste to energy is an essential technology among varieties of technologies

Energy efficiency improvement(Exergy improvement)

Expand use of waste andRenewable resources
Increase supply

Large scale
Improve power(e.g. IGCC) generation efficiency

Mass scalebiomass prod.
PV, wind power
price reduction
Expand use

Battery

Efficient waste to energy
High Co-generation
temp.

Large scale
Hydrogen use inindustries

Smart industrial heat
supply by solar energy

Sensor,Control tech.

SOFC, GCC, IGCCin industries
Using waste energy inindustries (RPF or steam)Heat storage

Optimum operation

Heat pump

Minimize loss

Insulation

CO2 removalfrom the airWoodenbuilding
CO2 emission
reduction

CCSWaste heatcascade use

Lowtemp.

4th generation
district heating

Transportation

ITCS

PHV, EV

Carbonsequestration

ICT for control
3

Combustible waste Waste plastics

High performance of upgrade of waste to energy
Theoretical limit ofrecycling effect
Efficiency of energy saving bymaterial recycling varies widely
Some chemical recycling is efficient
Efficiency of conventional liquefication is lowUpgrade of waste to energy is highefficient which is comparable to highgrade material recycling
Efficiency of waste power generation is low

The author calculated based on the Report of Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association (2012)4

Industrial Smart Energy Sharing
Exergy improvement
Co-generation,
Waste heat recovery

Upgrade of waste toenergy

Heat pump, cascade use

Use of waste energy

Use of renewable energy++

Zero-carbon

Low carbon
Thermal power plant

Waste incineration plant
Heat storage

Heat pump

Electrical heater
Joule heat

Wind turbine
Solar cell

Energy Facility Sharing
Steam (High)Steam (Low)
Drain waterElectricity

Energy Sharing

Factories

Energy Information Sharing (Local) Supply and demand control

The potential to replace boilers with co-generation power plants and waste incineration plants isaround 50 M t-CO2/year. If co-generation plants are replaced by renewable energies, we canexpect further CO2 reduction potential

5Operation schedule of each mode
Time 0Sunnydays
Mode 2Mode 3Cloudydays
Mode 4
Otherdays
Mode 1146days246810121416182022

Solar power
Mode 2
Steam accumulator

53NG + H2 CC thermal p.p.

days

41daysWaste incineration and biomass + coal thermal p.p.

Annual operating days of factory: 240 days/year
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IoT & AI applications to the lifecycle of waste management

1 Wastegeneration2
Collection

3
Separation

Sensor(Quantity)

GPS
Automated
drivingAI

SensorRobot(Quantity,(Safety)Composition)
Robot, AI

Optimizationof collection
timingOptimizationof route

4
Processing

5
Transport

6
RecyclingGPS
Automated
drivingAI

Sensor(Productionprocess)AI

Optimizationof route

Remote &automatedoperation

Automated waste separation
Work environment
improvementBig data, AIReuse
Materialrecycling
Chemicalrecycling
High efficientheat recovery
High efficient
power gen.

Optimization of matching, stable supply and demand
Computerization, blockchain
Work saving of contract, increasing business opportunity, traceability of waste flow

Tool
Purpose7

Optimization of demand & supply matching by IoTProcesses related to upgrade use of waste to energy could be improved by IoT
IoT

Recycled fuelFactory A (R-Fuel user)
IoT

IoT
Sorted
waste
IoT

IoT

IoT

Optical sorting
Regional recycling center

Factory B (R-Fuel user)
IoT

Optimization of allocationOptimization of collection
IoT

Factory C (Material recycler)

Mixedwaste

IoT

Incineration plant

Demand supply control8Information sharing platform for better recycling of wastes
Open DataPlatform(International)

Contents of data sharing
Waste flow
Processed data
(monthly, yearly basis) Material flow
 Energy flow
 Monetary flow
Success Business Model Technology information
 Policy information

PurposeData analysis of data

Outline design of projects(highly public)

Waste flow
Raw data(monthly, yearly basis)

Outline design of project(private)

Raw data (daily basis)

Detailed design of project(public, private)

Real time monitored data(hourly basis)
 Waste Generation
 Demand for waste
 Logistic information

Optimization of recycling(in terms of environmentand economy)
9Symbiotic energy system for sustainable city

High efficient waste to energy and ICT to support optimum material and energy flow
are one of key factors for establishing decarbonized industrial city

Industrial use ofwaste incineration
heatSteam
IoT

Large-scale industrial
use of biomass

IoT

Preservation and utilizationof ecosystem service
IoT

Industrial & natural symbiosis

Incinerator

De-carbonized energy system

Industrial use of MSW

Industrial Smart
Energy Sharing

Industrial & urban symbiosis

IoT
Eco-town
Smart recycling

Industrial Smart
Energy Sharing
Mega-solar, Renewableenergy based hydrogen

Urban & naturalsymbiosis
IoT

IoT

Smart heatstorage

Community Energy
management system

Clean heatingsystem

Ultra low-carbon industry
IoT

Wood material

Heat pump

Thermal power station

High temp.
heat storage

Biomassco-generation

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Thank you very much for your kind attention

Acknowledgement:
A part of research in this presentation was supported by theEnvironment Research and Technology Development Fund(3‐1709) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan11