Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Overview of Disaster
Management: Bangladesh
PerspectiveBy
Md Shah Kamal
Secretary
Ministry of Disaster Management & ReliefGovernment of the People’s Republic of BangladeshCountry Profile: Bangladesh•Total population : 165 million•Total Geographic Area : 147,570 sqkm
•Population density in coastal areas :1000/sqkm•Flood plains: 80% of total areas•Located at fragile deltaic flood-plain•More than 300 rivers (57 Trans boundaryrivers)•High-risk country to recurrent naturaldisasters

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Physiography of Bangladesh• Flood Plain• Costal forest• Hilly area
• High land forest

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

A riverine country
with 310 rivers
 Total river length : 24,000km
 Annual Ave. Rainfall:
1200mm in NW and5500mm in NE
 Trans‐boundary rivers‐57‐ 54 from India‐ 03 from Myanmar

Cherapunji (in INDIA)
Worlds highest rainfallGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Key Factors of Vulnerability
Gl b l W
GlobalWarming
i andd Climate
Cli t ChangeCh
Geographical location
Dominance of floodplains
Low elevation from the sea
High population density
Highg level of p
povertyyGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Disasters in Bangladesh
FloodTropical Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River Bank Erosion
Drought
Earthquake
Arsenic
FireL d lidLandslideGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Disasters in Bangladesh
Year1970
1988
1988
1991
1996
1997
1998
2004
2007
2007
2007
2009
2012
2013
2015

Disasters
CycloneFlood
CycloneCycloneTornadoC l
Cyclone
Flood
Flood
Flood
Landslide
Cyclone(SIDR)
Cyclone (Alia)
Landslide
Cyclone (Mahasen)
Cyclone (Komen)

Death300,000
2,373
5 704
5,704
138,868
545
550
918
747
1,071
129
3,406
190
119
161

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

FloodsGovernment of the People’s Republic of BangladeshGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Drought

About 25% of the country sufferwater stress in dry season

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Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshRiver Bank Erosion

Bangladesh looses 10,000 ha land
annually during the last 30 years duet rivertoib
bankk erosioni
Displacement about 68,000
population/yrGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Building Collapses

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Rana PlazaRPlExperienceGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Fire Incidents

14

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Landslide: In Bangladesh, landslides are mostlytriggered by heavy rainfall.
 Underlying causes of landslide
include deforestation, hill cutting,unregulated
gdevelopment
pwork.
 Recently landslide has emerged as amajor hazard.
 Large and small landslides occur
almost every year.
Earthquake: The north and northeastern parts ofBangladesh are the most active
seismic zones.
 The tectonic set‐up of three
converging
i lithophericli h h i plates
lwithihthe presence of seismogenic faults
makes vulnerable to earthquake.
 Bangladesh
B l d h ffacedd majorjearthquakes and faced moderate
shakes every year.

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Sediment Deposition
Scarcity of surface water
Loss of NavigabilityLess ground water recharge

16Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

GoB Vision on Disaster ManagementTo reduce
Tdth vulnerability
thelbilit off people,
l especially
i ll thethpoor, to the effects of natural, environmental andhuman induced hazards to a manageable andacceptable humanitarian level.
Mission of The MoDMR
Too b
bring
g a paparadigm
ad gshiftt in ds
disastersaste managementa age e tfrom conventional response and relief to a morecomprehensive risk reduction culture and to promote
food security as an important factor in ensuring theresilience of the community to hazards.

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Disaster Management Institutions
in Bangladesh
National Disaster
Management Council
Inter Ministerial
Disaster Management
Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)

National Disaster
Management Advisory
Council (NDMAC)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Cyclone Preparedness
Programme
Implementation Board

Department of Disaster Management
District Disaster
Management Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management Committee

City CCitCorporationti
Disaster Management
Committee

Zone / Upazila

Union

UpazilaUpa
a Disastersaste Managementa age e t Committee
CotteeUnion Disaster Management Committee

VillageGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Legal Framework for Disaster Management

 Disaster Management Act 2012
 Disaster Management Policy
 Standing Orders on Disaster National Plan for Disaster
Management
 Earthquake Contingency
Planning

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Disaster Management Regulative Framework
DisasterManagement Act

DM Policy

National Plan for DM

Sectoral Policies

Sectoral Plans(DRR Incorporated)(DRR Incorporated)

Local Plans
Hazard Plans

Programming for Implementation

SOD

Guideline
Templates

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Early Warning Dissemination
BMD and FFWC generates Early warnings
Ensure receipt of warning signals of imminent disasters by allconcerned officials, agencies and mass communication media
Publish daily bulletins during disaster period for foreign embassies
and UN Missions
CPP plays vital roles disseminating EW to community level
Committees under SOD ensure EW dissemination at all level

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Immediate Assistance & Needs• Search and rescue operation• Supply of instant food
• Humanitarianu a a a Assistancess s a e Programmeog ae• Temporary shelter for displaced people• Restoration of livelihoods• Safety Net Programmes- GR, VGF, GR Cashand Blanket

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Structural Intervention
 Rural Infrastructure Development
 Rural Infrastructure Maintenance Employment Generation Program for thePoorest making of rural roads Bridge & culverts
 Cyclone & flood shelters embankments and polders

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

N St t l IIntervention
Non‐Structuraltti– Capacity Building of 14 ministries and DRRorganizations– Development Early Warning system– Development
D lt off CPP andd Urban
U b Volunteers
V l t– Community & civil society mobilization– Earthquake Contingency Plan
– Incorporation of Disaster issues in the curriculum– Earthquake and Cyclone drill– Building resilience nation– Preparing
pg multi‐hazard mapp
– Awareness raising activities

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

HYDROLOGICAL REGIONS IN BANGLADESH• For ease of hydrologicalmanagement BWDB follows 6regions considering SW and SC asone region.
g• For practical convenience, IWM
too uses 6 hydrological regions forregioni modelsd l considering
id i SW andd
SC as one region. Thus, 6 (six)hydrological regions• North West Region• North Central Region• North East Region• South West Region• SouthS th East
E t Region
R i25

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Flood Floods are annual phenomena
 Flash flood Rain flood
 Monsoon flood
 Flood caused by cyclone and storm surges

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

PREPARING FLOOD MAPS: FLOOD ZONES IN TERMS OF FLOOD DEPTHS
For practical use, Master Plan Organisation (MPO) developed
flood depth classification scheme, given below:

MPO Flood Depth Categories [MPO, 1987]
SerialSymbol

12F0F13F24F35F4Flood
CategoryNonflood
Shallow
fl dflood
Mediumflood
Deep flood

Flood Depth(m)0 ‐ 0.3
0.3 ‐ 0.9

Very dV
deepflood> 3.6
36

0.9 – 1.8
1.8 – 3.627

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Flood/River Erosion, Cyclone and Earthquake Hazard Maps

FloodGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

RETURN PERIOD‐WISE OUTPUTS

Flood Assessment, Modelling and Mapping
being done return period‐wise• 25‐year return period• 50‐year return period• 100‐year return period• 150‐year return period
Ultimate output will be union‐wise/upazila‐wise maps on floodprone areas of Bangladesh

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Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshGovernment of the People’s Republic of BangladeshGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Flood Experience 2007
Affected District

39

Affected Upazila

256

Familiesl affected
ffd

22,86,564

Affected People

1,06,55,145

Death (drowning,snake bite etc)

554

Households (Full)

62,956

Households (Partial) 8,81,922
8 81 922

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

S hESouth‐EasternFlood
Fl d 2015
 Since 21 June,
June torrential
rains have set off flash
floods and landslides in
the low‐lying areas in thesouth‐eastern districts ofC ’B
Cox’Bazar, Bandarban
B d band Chittagong.
 Since 29 July
July, cyclone
Komen induced rains
floods and landslides in
the coastal districts ofCox’ Bazar, Feni,
Chittagong, Bhola.

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

S hESouth‐EasternFlood
Fl d 2015 38 people killed caused by drowning andlandslide Total affected people‐1.2 million
 MajorM j affected
ffd sectors: HHouseholds,h ld RRoads,dInfrastructures, livestock, agriculture,fisheries, salt field, shrimp cultivation.

Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshIntervention to Address Flood 2015
• Earlyy warningg dissemination throughg media,, cellbroadcasting system & Cyclone Preparedness
Programmeg((CPP))• 2.1 millions people have been evacuated to theshelter• Emergency food and cash assistance• Provide
P id medical
di l servicesiandd SSafe
f ddrinking
i ki watert• Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF)• House building/repairing support for the poorest• Special Allocation for affected area
• Sector wise rehabilitation programGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

What Made the Difference Improvement of disaster risk reduction
measures including early warning system.
 Active leadership role in the field level
Disaster Management Committees
 Coastal afforestation projects
 Cyclone and Flood shelters Embankments in Coastal Belts（3433km）
 30000 Urban Volunteers.
 Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP)having 50,000 volunteers.

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Bangladesh: The Best Practices• Established the DM Regulatory Framework – identified theactors and their roles related to DRR and EmergencyResponse• Professionalizing the DM system – inclusion of disasterand climate risks in education curricula at primary,secondary and tertiary levels• Introduction of a bottom up approach in development
planning (CRA and RRAP)• Seismic vulnerability mapping and contingency planning(ADPC acted as a technical partner)• Information sharing through DMIC network from central tocommunity level (ADPC acted as a technical partner)• Promoted volunteerism both in urban and rural

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

National Priorities for 2011‐2020••••

Implementation of the National Plan forg(2015‐2020)()
Disaster Management
Strengthen institutional capacity of allactors as per the revised SOD
Coordinated social safety net to reduce
vulnerable population
Strengthen mechanisms for sectoral andlocal level implementation of DRR/CCA
measuresGovernment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Regional Priorities for 2011‐2020• Coordination
C di i off regional
il agendas
d forf globall b lrepresentation and national level leveraging• Establishing/utilization of commonresources/mechanisms for enhancing nationalrisk reduction coordination
gresponseppplan/mechanism• Establishingg a regional
for catastrophic disasters

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Achieving the Cultural Shift• Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction• Developing medium to long term milestones• Developing broad and logically sequenced PPRR
strategies
g that target
g all levels• Capacity Building• Policy Reform• Legal Framework

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Challenges• Early warning with adequate lead time in community language.
language• The capacity of coordination and making relationship between
eemergency
e ge cy responders.
espo de s• The capacity to produce the appropriate information timely.
gframework for incident management
gand• Integratedcommunication.
• Resilient embankment, green belt along the coast.
• Expansion of regional and global networks for real time data/
information sharing.
• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation in development process.
• Strengthening
Stth i linkage
li kwith
ith regional
il andd international
i ttilorganizations involved in DRR in line with HFA and MDG.

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Thank You All