TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Near-Infrared � HighResolution Spectrograph����Tomo Usuda (SUBARU Telescope / NAOJ)	

Naoto Kobayashi (University of Tokyo)�
Yuji Ikeda (Kyoto Sangyo University)�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Activities�

• June 2008: Call for Proposal of TMT-J Instruments	

→ Near-IR High Spectral Resolution Spectrograph(NIRES) : one of four (now five) instruments for detail�feasibility studies. Dr. Naoto Kobayashi(PI)	

→ Internal Review (5 times since� 2008) for Key
technologies, Science cases, Budget, etc. 			

�

Review Panels (Drs. F.Iwamuro, T.Kodama, N.Takato, & T.Usuda)	

• Feb. 2010: Science Workshop forHigh Spectral
�
Resolution Spectroscopy in Tokyo. ~60 participants	

� Cases (392 pages)	

• Mar. 2011: TMT-J Detail Science→ Science Requirements for High Spectral Resolution
Spectrograph: λ=0.3 to 25 µm, λ/dλ=10,000~200,000,
MOS mode, Spatial resolution, Time resolution, etc.	

• Prototyping, R&D: Immersion grating, Laser comb, etc.	

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Science WS 2010 in Tokyo�

�����TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Science WS 2010 in Tokyo������TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Keywords	 Science Cases for NIRES�
•Impossible objects with 8~10m-class telescopes	

•Increase of number of targets → Statistical Studies	

Galactic	1) The Solar system:	

• Planetary atmosphere (e.g., Mars, Titan)	

• Comet (abundances, organic molecules, …) → Origin of Solarsystem, Astrobiology, …	

2) Star Formation, Interstellar Medium	• CO, C2H2, H2 etc.: IMF, Jets from YSOs, Protoplanetary disks	• H3+ and CO Absorption Line surveys toward the Galactic Center	• Interstellar Molecules: to find new Molecules	

3) Exoplanets	

• Precision RV, Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for terrestrial
exoplanets around M-dwarfs	

• Biomarkers (e.g., O2, CO2, CH4, etc.) for terrestrial exoplanets	

��

�

�
�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

ScienceCasesforNIRES�
Keywords	

•Impossible objects with 8~10m-class telescopes	

•Increase of number of targets → Statistical Studies	

Extra-galactic	1) Bulge formation history, Galactic Structure, Local Group history	• Bulge dwarfs (abundance, kinematics)	

• Variable stars (distance) → Detail Structure of the Galaxy	2) IGM	• GRBs & QSOs absorption system at z>6 → physics &chemistory at the reioniazation epoch	• QSOs at z>3 → Cosmic chemical evolution, galaxy formation	

3) Black Holes, AGN in nearby galaxies	

• H2 Kinematics & Line profiles of AGN torus	

• CO Absorption lines toward AGN & ULIRGs	

• Super Star Cluster in nearby SBGs	

• Intermediate-Mass BH (IMBH: 103~105 M⊙) in GlobularCluster, nearby galaxies	

�����TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Activities : Prototype�1) Immersion Grating	• Improve Resolving power: (λ/dλ) ∝ n (~3.4 for Si)	• Compact spectrograph: (1/n=1/3.4 for Silicon)	

��

�

�
�

Wavelength (µm)�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Activities : Prototype�1) Immersion Grating	• Improve Resolving power: (λ/dλ) ∝ n (~3.4 for Si)	• Compact spectrograph: (1/n=1/3.4 for Silicon)	

���ZnSe ��

�Si�High efficiency (70~80%, Ikeda+)	 Si 40x70mm (Terada et al. 2010)	

High accurate Cutting (Kuzmenko High efficiency (>90%)	

Dry Etching method (NTT-AT)�
+@LBNL)�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Activities : Prototype	Three on-going Instrumentations for Subaru Telescope�
IRCS-HRU (from 2012): Additional High Spect. Resolution Unit!

�• =1.4~5.5µm, ORION 2k x 2k InSb, w/ IR gas cell (NH3) 	

• R=73,000 w/ Si Immersion Grating (n~3.4)		

IRD (IR Doppler instrument) (from 2014): Funded in FY2010	• =1.1~1.8µm, H4RG or 2 x H2RG, w/ Frequency Comb (~1m/s) 	

• R=70,000 w/ ZnSe Imm. (n~2.4) or Echelle Grating, Fiber fed 		

PI: WINERED (Warm Infrared Echelle spectrograph Echelle-toRealize Extraordinary Dispersion ) (from 2012?)	

• =0.9~1.4µm, Hawaii 1k x 1k 	

• R=100,000 w/ ZnSe Immersion Grating (n~2.4)	

��

�
�

9	

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

IRCS HRU (High spectral Resolution Unit)
led by H.Terada, M.Hayashi, et al.�Cross-Disperser	 Si immersion	Slit	Grating	�

LGS/AO188	

Collimator	��500mm�Orion 2k x 2kInSb	

IR gas cell	

IRCS	�

� New HRU	• Compact & Add-on Unit	• First @North Hemisphere	• Only 1 w/ LGS (& IR-WFS)	

10	

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

IRCS HRU (High spectral Resolution Unit)�
L-band (2.809~4.132 µm) Echelle�

���

�

�

IR array	InSb	

2k x 2k�

Item�

Specifications�

λ (μm)�

1.4~5,5�R=λ/dλ�72,500 @K�

Pixel-scale�

66~72 mas/pix�

IQ�

Strehl > 0.8 @K�

Total
throughput�

>15%�

Sensitivity�

K=15.3mag	

(1hr exp, S/N=5)�

Velocity
accuracy�<10m/s�11	Y & J-band (0.9~1.33 µm) Echelle�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

WINERED������500mm�12	

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

IR Doppler
instrument (IRD) PI: M.Tamura�㪦㫇㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷㫃㪸㫐㫆㫌㫋㩷㩿㪉㪛㪀
IRDI�

Item�

Specifications�

λ (μm)�

1.2~1.8 (goal: 1.1~1.9)�

R=λ/dλ��

70,000�

Pixel-scale�0.”1/pix�

HDS�!"#$%"&'$()&*+,-./01##2&*2㪦㫇㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷㫃㪸㫐㫆㫌㫋㩷㩿㪉㪛㪀
1 Earth-mass	Slit�0.3” x 3” (goal: 0.3x5”)	

IR Array�� Velocity

H4RG (or 2 x H2RG)�

� accuracy�

~1m/s	w/ Astrocomb�!"#$%"&'$()&*+,-./01##2&*2~30 cm�

�345!"#$%"&'()HAWAII-4RG	

6##$%)78(&9%":7(9�345

Fiber-fed�

!8''7#":8%&#7%%8%**+,;<=0.>##22

3$4$,$56)%&

//

Optical Design�
NCODFCO
Immersion Gr or Echelle�

2QUKVKQPU

1EVTMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Activities : Prototype�1) Immersion Grating	• Improve Resolving power: (λ/dλ) ∝ n (~3.4 for Si)	• Compact spectrograph: (1/n=1/3.4 for Silicon)	

�2) Laser comb	

• Improve Accuracy, Stability, � Wavelength
coverage (cf. I2 cell, IR gas cell, HCT)	

�• Under development at Kurokawa-lab(TUAT)	

�

�

C
9 <+,28'8+9
9B%$C.$":9TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

D(*2 8"+$%&,'

Activities: Lasercomb�
Stability (0.5MHz / week)�

Specification�

�Comb Interval	

12.5 GHz��

	B',+"$<<Flatness	~10 dB	~7,000 lines�

Intensity [dBm]1.1~1.8µm (87 THz)�
-30-40-50-60-70-80-90

�Current Result���1259 nm

1200

1400
1600
Wavelength [nm]20dB loss~1800 nm1800

J-NIRES: Specifications�TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

IRMS�

�

NIRES-b�

H & K-band	

slit length< 1”�

�Y, J & H-band	

slit length <0.5”�

Specifications�

λ (μm)�

0.9~2.4 (short)	

1.9?~5.5 (long)�

� ΑΟ�

NFIRAOS�

IRIS�

Item�

NFIRAOS (short)	

MIRAO (long)�

R=λ/dλ�

40,000	(80,000 max)�

FOV�

0.02” x 0.5~1”�

� Pixel-scale�
IR Array�

8 mas/pix�
H4RG�

� Option 1�

Long slit ~30”�

Option 2�

MOS: 5~10 fiber�

Sensitivity�

J~20, H~20,K~19.5 mag	(1hr exp, S/N=10,R=50,000)�

TMT Science and Instrument Workshop 2011 (March 28-30, 2011)	

Summary	

1. Detail science cases with Near IR high dispersion
Spectrograph by Japanese & collaborators	

2. Prototyping and R&D for important
� components are on
going for Subaru instruments	�• Immersion Grating: Silicon (ready), ZnSe (on-going)	

�• Frequency Comb: 1.3~1.8μm (goal 1.1~1.9μm)	

� on TMT	

3. Design requirements for NIRES• λ = 0.9~5.5μm with 2 separate
� spectrographs withNFIRAOS (short λ) & MIRAO (long λ)	

• R = λ/δλ = 40,000 (80,000 max)	

• Ready to start conceptual design