- BRONZ1 TECHNICAL REPORT -Lead-free brass alloy
Registered in ASTM, UNS No.C49355( For hot working )Rev.

2013.5.14

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New Copper Alloy “NEXT BRASS”
Earth Friendly Materials - Lead Free Brass for Hot ForgingsIn recent years, lead regulations have become strict gradually to reduce the amount of lead leachate from water
facilities, and also have been discussed in the United States. President Obama has officially signed the bill for theapplication of the new standard NSF61 AnnexG in January 2011. This has enhanced to ensure that the leadcontrols of the parts related to water will become more strict from 2014 and will be amended to read that the contentof lead for the pipes, fittings and drinking systems shall be “0.25% Max lead content weighted average of theproducts.” "NEXT BRASS" newly developed by us can satisfy these regulation and can keep you living in safe.

1. INTRODUCTION
NEXT BRASS has beendeveloped with the concept“earth-friendly materials” anddeveloped along the following
three themes.

Table.1

RegistrationOverview
Lead Free Brassfor Hot Forgings

NEXT BRASS

1.1 SAFETY
Lead Free &Corrosion Resistance- NEXT BRASS is harmlessfor health because this alloy islead free and has an excellent
corrosion resistance.
1.2 ENVIRONMENT
Eco/Corrosion Resistance- NEXT BRASS is lower costmaterials than bronze formelting because the melting
temperature is lower thanbronze.
- Corrosion resistance is
excellent and good forenvironment.

Japanese Patent No.

ASTM

No.5143948

CDA UNS
No.C49355

2-2 The Two Models of Extruded-Rod
NEXT BRASS for hot forgings has succeeded in developing amodel number of two types in the chemical components of C49355
shown in Table2.
Table.2

The Two Models of Extruded Rod

ModelNEXT BRASS-E
NEXT BRASS-SCC

Characteristic

Forgeability

Erosion-Corrosion Resistance,
Dezincification Resistance.
Erosion-Corrosion Resistance,
Dezincification Resistance,Stress-Corrosion-Crack Resistance.

◎○3. TEST SPECIMENS
3-1 Chemical Composition
Chemical composition for NEXT BRASS is shown in Table 3
Table.3

1.3 QUALITY
Cost-Down- NEXT BRASS is lower costthan bronze.
- Saving electricity is available.

2. NEXT BRASSSERIES
2-1 Registration
NEXT BRASS has two types
of use: for hot forgings andcastings and this technicalreport explains for hot forgings.
NEXTBRASS has beenacquired a patent in Japan andforeign and also has beenregistered in ASTM shown inTable 1.

Chemical Composition wt%CuSnPbZnSi

Bi

Min/Max.
(C49355)

63.0
-69.0

0.5
-1.5

≦0.09

28.0
-35.0

0.5
-2.0

0.5
-1.5

NEXTBRASS-E

R

0.9

≦0.09

31.5

1.1

0.7

NEXTBRASS-SCC

R

1.0

≦0.09

28.2

1.6

0.7

3-2 Condition
The test bar coupon was made by extrusion with 500 ton pressingmachine. The condition is shown in table 4. C37700 and C69300
made by extrusion bar and C89844 made by castings were used ascomparative materials.
Table.4 Test Condition for Extrusion
Extrusion Ratio

21.1

Diameter of Billet

φ150mmDiameter of Extrusion

φ32mm

Extrusion Temperature

700℃

Extrusion Rate

15.5mm/s

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Fig1 Erosion-Corrosion Test (1)Max Erosion Depth (μm)

4. CORROSION RESISTANCE
4.1 Erosion-Corrosion Resistance
Erosion-corrosion Resistancedata is shown in Fig1 and 2. You
can see that NEXT BRASS canprovide an excellent erosion
corrosion resistance by adding Sn.

1200
1000

800710

800
600
400
200

150

179

500Reagent

CuCl2・2H2O 99%

Concentration

190g reagent in 15L
dissolved water(1wt%)

Temperature

40℃±1℃

Flow Velocity

3.3ｍ/sec

Flow Rate

400ml/minCorrosion Time5hours

Air Blown

2L/minCorrosion Weight Loss (mg）Table.5 Erosion-Corrosion Test Condition

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
2000Fig2 Erosion-Corrosion Test (2)
1,100
800
580560300

Test Model

4.2 Dezincification ResistanceDezincification of NEXT BRASS can provide an excellent
dezincification resistance within 200 μm. (Fig 3)* Photograph of Tested Sample *Max Dezincification Depth (μm）

※ EN Standards, Grade A ; 200μm or less
700
600
500
400300200
1000

Fig.3 Dezincification Test

( According to ISO 6509-1981)

387
173
≦ 10

≦ 10

≦ 10

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4.3 Stress-Corrosion-Cracking
The taper screw combination isshown in Table 6. It’s tighten
constant torque and be exposedammonia vapor atmosphere. Then
we checked the presence or absenceof cracks that is observed visuallyand microscopic at the specific time.
The test result is shown in Fig 4.

Table.7 Test Condition
110mm Crank Press

Specimenconfiguration

Diameter:20mm, Height:21mm

Upset Rate

≒60%
Processing Rate = ( ha – hb ) / ha × 100*ha: Height before forging, hb: Height after forging.

Table.6 Test Condition(Ref. ASTM B858)
ShapeTightening
torquePressing Machine

φ20.7×28mm-Rc3/8

Temperature

Measured for each material

Heating furnace

20 minEvaluation Criteria

the temperature range of cracking does notoccur by visual inspection

7.5 N・mFig.5 The processing method of hot forging

Ammonia vapor atmosphereat room temperature(12%NH3 Solution)

Atmosphere

Pressurize

PhotographHot forged specimen

Diameter: 20mm.
Height(ha): 21mm.

Diameter: About 44mm.
Height(hb): 4.5mm.

The presence or absence ofcracks that is observed
visually or microscopic

Criterion

Table.8Forging Test Result

UpsetRate(%)

Forging Temp. (℃)
MinMaxNomForging
TemperatureRange(℃)

NEXT BRASS-E60630

740685110

NEXTBRASS-SCC

60660

760

710

100

C3700060550690620

140C69300

60580

700640120Fig 4 Test Result of Stress
Corrosion Cracking

Materials

300

Exposure time of up to Stress
Corrosion Cracking (H)Heated specimen

250

300

300

200

No Crack

No Crack

150
10050

12Note: About forging temp, it has adopted the estimate value rather thanactual measurement value.
Please refer as a comparative data.

80Fig 6 Upset Rate －Forging Temperture Range

5. HOT WORKABILITY
5.1 Hot Forgeability
NEXT BRASS maintains excellent
hot workability by adding anappropriate amount of Silicon into
Bismuth brass. The specimen wascollected by extruding φ80 billet toφ22 bar with 100t hydraulic pressmachine.(Table7,8 and Fig5,6)

Forging Temperture Range （℃）

160

NEXTBRASS-E
NEXTBRASS-SCC
C37700C69300140120

140

110

100
100

80

60

60

70

40
20

30

05060

70
Upset Rate (%)

8090

Note: NEXTBRASS-SCC suitable for low forging rate relatively.

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5.2

Table 9Measurement Condition

Machine2000kN Servo Press

Measurement
MethodBy the Load Cell

Test Temp.

600℃～800℃

460
440
420400380360340
320300

NEXTBRASS-E
NEXTBRASS-SCC

10.0

80％40 spm

Fig 7 Measurement of Deformation
Resistance
450

15.0

20.0
25.0
Elongation (%)

30.0

35.0

6.2 Elevated-Temperature Tensile Properties
NEXTBRASS shows the same property as C37700 in hightemperature tensile properties as shown in Fig 9, 10 and 11.
At room temperature when compared at 300℃, it keeps 100% of0.2%yield Stress, 80% of tensile strength and 45% of Elongation.
Table 11

NEXTBRASS-E

Test Condition of High Temperature Tensile TestMachine

A Precision Universal Tester (AG-100kND)

Measurement Method350

It examines after 10-minute maintenance topredetermined temperature

Test Temp.

100℃，200℃，300℃，400℃

300

Temperature Error±２℃

C69300400

C37700200
150600650 700 750 800
Test Temperature（℃）

6. MECHANICALPROPERTIES
6.1 Mechanical Properties
Mechanical properties of NEXTBRASS are excellent and superior to
the JIS standard value of C3771(C37700) as shown in Fig5, 6, 7 andTable10.
*JIS standard value of C3771→ Tensile strength: 315MPa or more.
Elongation: 15% or more.

Tensile Strength (MPa)250

Fig 9 Temperature – Tensile Strength

700
600
500
400300200

NEXTBRASS-E

100

C69300
C377000020
NEXTBRASS-E

10C6932BD
C3771BD

0Tensile
Elongation
Strength
Hardness(%)(MPa)(HB 10/1000)NEXBRASS-E

417

28101

NEXTBRASS-SCC

412

27110

C37700456

32119

C69300603

30

12640030

Representative Value

0.2% Proof Stress (MPa)Materials

200300
Test Temperature (℃)

Fig 10 Temperature – Elongation

0Table 1010040
Elongation (%)

Value of Deformation Resistance （N）

Compression
Rate
Compression
SpeedFig 8 Measured Values (Tensile Strength – Elongation)
Tensile Strength(MPa)Deformation ResistanceDeformation resistance value ofNEXTBRASS has drawn the curve
value slightly higher than C37700.
(Table 9, Fig 7)100200
Test Temperature (℃)

300400

Fig 11 Temperature – 0.2%Proof Stree

500
400
300200

NEXTBRASS-E
C69300
C3770010000100200
Test Temperature (℃)

300400

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Table.14

7. MACHINABILITY
7.1 Measurement Valueof Cutting ResistanceThe cutting resistance value ofNEXT BRASS when the contour
cutting is shown in Fig 9.
( Table 12)

NC LatheTest Condition

The best search of setting ofworking condition by EGRO
TNGG160404L-C

With coating

Cutting Speed

100m/min

Depth of Cut

1mm

Feed rate

0.1mm/rev

Repeated
amount

10 times

Cutting oil

Non used152

146

Time of Perforating

2.5

10.15

NEXTBRASS-SCC

2.5

8.97

C377002.5

4.45

C693002.57.63

NEXTBRASS-E

1.3

26.42

NEXTBRASS-SCC

1.3

25.82

C377001.3

13.76

C69300

1.3

Impossible
Fig 14 The Result
Perforating Test(Load 1.3kg)

12Fig12 Cutting Resultant Force(N)200180160140120100806040200Load (kg)

NEXTBRASS-E

Fig 13 The Result
Perforating Test(Load 2.5kg)

132Time of Perforating (s)Chip< Average N=10 >454010Time of Perforating (s)Table.12

The Result of Perforating Test (Average)

864113
NEXTBRASS-E

2

NEXTBRASS-SCC
C693000C37700

3530
25201510

NEXTBRASS-E
NEXTBRASS-SCC

5C69300
C377000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Repeated Times

Repeated Times

7.3 The Shapes of Chip
The photograph of chip is shown below. The chip ofNEXTBRASS is divided by works of particle of bismuth and κ-phase as hard phase. (Fig 15)
7.2 Perforating by Drill
The test result of perforating by
drill of NEXTBRASS is shown in
Table 13, 14 and Fig 13, 14.
Table.13

Fig 15Photograph of Tested Samples

Test Condition of Perforating

Test Method

Measure the time it
perforation to 5mm

MachineDrilling Machine

Number ofRevolutions

510 rpm

Drill

OSG EX-SUS-GDS 5.0

LoadTwo Levels (1.3kg,2.5kg)

Number ofRepetitions

10 Times

Cutting StateDry

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8. METALLOGRAPHICSTRUCTURE
The metallographic structure ofNEXT BRASS is shown in fig10. It
is mainly composed with α-phaseand κ-phase.

9. SAMPLE EXTRUSION MODEL
Own test method of extruding is shown in Fig11.
Fig18 Processing of extruding by own test method

MandrelFig. 16

Metallographic structure ofNEXT BRASS-E

κ-phase(Blue lamellar)

α-phaseBismuthgrain

Dummyblock

BilletContainerDice*optical microscope of 500 magnifications
Fig. 17

Metallographic structure ofNEXT BRASS-SCC

κ-phase(Blue lamellar)

α-phaseBismuthgrain

10. THE RESULT OF LEAD LEACHED TEST
Those of valve socket shape were made by forging andmachining. The followings are the result of carried out theleaching test performance for water supply equipment by the
Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare registration inspection
body.
Method of Analysis ；JIS S3200-7 Water equipment- Leaching
performance test method

Analysis items Analysis result (correction value) Unit；mg/L
・Cadmium
0.0003 or less・Lead0.001 or less
・Zinc
0.22
・Copper
0.01 or less・Bismuth0.001 or less*optical microscope of 500 magnifications

Notes;(1)Without conditioning(2)Method of analysis is according to Annex 1.
However Bismuth is according to ICP/MS method.
(3)The correction value of the analysis result is divided by 25
the concentration of leaching solution as feedwater tool
installed in the piping(Ref; Quote from the water supply database of the ministry ofHealth, Labor and Welfare ）Criteria in accordance with the leachate from water supply
equipment as installed in except for the end of water supply
equipment, or leachate from water supply pipe・Cadmium・Lead・Zinc・Copper・Bismuth0.01 mg/L or less0.05 mg/L or less
1.0 mg/L or less
1.0 mg/L or less
No criteria

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