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BRIDGES IN INDONESIA:PRESENT AND FUTURE

Iswandi ImranDradjat Hoedajanto
Iwan Zarkasi

INTERNATIONAL FORUM,
JSCE CENTURY ANNIVERSARYTokyo – Japan, 2014

OUTLINE• Introduction• Database of Bridges in Indonesia• Standards, Norms, Manuals and Guidelines• Current Inspection and Maintenance Strategies• Future Developments• Closure1

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• Indonesia is an archipelago country, consisting of 17,508
islands. The total area of Indonesia is 1,904,569 square
meter, of which 80% is water. A wide and long rivers
characterize some of the islands in Indonesia.
• Because of those characteristics, the need for bridges is highin Indonesia in order to achieve connectivity between centersof economy• This need is relevant with MP3EI program (with an objectiveto improve connectivity among centers of economy inIndonesia)211/15/2014

DATABASE OF BRIDGES IN INDONESIA

Bridges in Indonesia
Total 93.000 bridges (1138 km) in Indonesia, comprising of: 72.000 bridges (734 km)  a part of provincial roads & regency/city roads 21.000 bridges (404 km)  a part of national roads
1. Bridge Span/Length (National roads)
Span (m)Length (m)%Number%

6 - 20125,376

3115,759

73.7
15.7

20 - 40

87,391

213,366

40 – 60

48,234

12

1,041

4.9

60 – 100

47,051

12658

3.1

> 100

96,78324547

2.6

2. Superstructure Types (National roads)
Types

Length (m)%Culvert21 km

7%Girder164 km

51 %

Truss

100 km32 %Others

31 km

10 %

 Concrete girder (123 km, 75 %) Steel girder (41 km, 25 %)3

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Special Bridges
A. Continous Concrete Box Girder
NoBridge Name

Total Span(m)Main-Span(m)

Year ofConstruction

1

Rantau Berangin, Riau

200

121

1972-1974

2

Rajamandala, Jabar

222

132

1972-19793

Serayu Kesugihan, Jateng

274

128

1978-1985

4Mojokerto, Jatim

230

62

1975-1977

5Arakundo, Aceh

210

95

1987-1990

6

Tonton-Nipah, Batam

420

160

1995-1998

7

Setoko-Rempang, Batam

365

145

1994 -19978

Siti Nurbaya, Sumbar

156

76

1995-2002

9

Tukat Bangkung, Bali

240

120

2006

10

Air Teluk II, Sumsel

208

104

2006

11

Perawang,Riau

1473

180

2007

Continuous Concrete Box Girder
Rajamandala Bridge

West Java, 1979
Main span 132 meter dan side span (simetry) 45 meter (Total span 222 meter).

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Continuous Concrete Box Girder
Teluk Efil Bridge

Sekayu, Sumatera Selatan,
Concrete Box Girder, Balanced Cantilever
Total Span 52 + 104 + 52 meter

Special Bridges
B. Continuous Steel Bridges
No

Bridge Name

Total Span(m)

Main-Span(m)

Year ofConstruction

1

Ampera, Sumsel

354

75

1962-1965

2

Danau Bingkuang, Riau

2001201968-1970

3

Siak I , Riau

350

52

1975-1977

4

Kapuas Timpah

255

105

2010

C. Concrete Arch Bridges
NoBridge Name

Total Span(m)

Main-Span(m)

Year ofConstruction

1

Rempang-Galang, Batam

385245

1995-1998

2Serayu Cindaga, Jateng

15090

1996

3Besok Koboan Jatim

125892000.

4Bajulmati, Jatim

9060

2007

5Karebbe

6060

1996

6Pangkep

8460

2006

5

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Continuous Steel Bridge
AmperaPalembang, South Sumatra, 1962-1965
Main Span 75 m (Classical Continuous Steel Girder Bridge)
Total Span = 354 meter

Concrete Arch Bridge
Besok Koboan Bridge

Lumajang, Jawa Timur, 2000
Main Span 80 meter, Total Span 125 meter,611/15/2014

Concrete Arch Bridge
Bajulmati Bridge

Serayu Cindaga Bridge

Malang, Jawa Timur
Single Plane Concrete Arch
Span 15 + 60 + 15 meter

Jawa Tengah, 1979
Double Plane Concrete Arch Bridge,Main Span 90 meter.

Concrete Arch Bridge
Kelok 9 Bridge

Bukit Tinggi, Sumatera Barat,Concrete Arch Bridge,
Main Span 80 meter711/15/2014

Special Bridges
D. Steel Arch Bridge
NoBridge Name

Total Span(m)

Main-Span(m)

Year ofConstruction

1Kahayan, Kalteng

1501501995-2000

2

Martadipura, Kaltim

560

200

2004

3

Rumbai Jaya, Riau

150

150

2002.

4

Rumpiang, Kaltim

754

200

2008

5Batang Hari II804150

2009

6Siak III, Riau

520

15+120+15

2011

7Teluk Mesjid, Riau

1500

90+250+90

200128Malo178128

2007

9Ogan Pelengkung

1001002008

10Kahayan Hulu

640

150

1995-2000

11

Barito Hulu, Kalteng

5611502008

12Mahulu, Kaltim

8002002003

13Palu IV, Sulteng

300

125

2006

14Pela, Kaltim

4201502010

15

Sei Tayan, Kalbar

1420

75+200+75

On Going

Steel Arch Bridge
Kahayan Bridge

Palangkaraya, Kalimantan Tengah, 2000,Main Span Arch Steel Box
Span 150 meter, Total Span 635 meter8

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Steel Arch Bridge
Martadipura Bridge

Kotabangun, Kalimantan Timur, 2004
Main Span Steel Truss Arch Bridge
Span 200 meter, Total Span 560 meter

SteelArch BridgeRumbai Jaya Bridge

Teluk Masjid Bridge

Riau, 2002
Main Span150 meter and Total Span
450 meter

Siak Indrapura, Riau
Continuous Steel Arch Bridge(90+250+90m), Total Span 1500 m

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Special Bridges
E. Cable-Stayed Bridge
NoBridge Name

Total Span (m)Main-Span(m)Year ofConstruction

1

Batam-Tonton, Batam

Cable-Stayed

350

1998

2

Pasopati, Bandung

Cable-Stayed

106

2005

3

Siak Indrapura, Riau

Cable-Stayed

200

2007

4

Grand Wisata Overpass

Cable-Stayed

81

2007

5

Suramadu, Jatim

Cable-Stayed434

2008

6

Siak IV, Riau

Cable-Stayed156

On going7Galalapoka

Cable-Stayed150

On going

8MelakCable-Stayed340

On going

9Sukarno, Menado

Cable-Stayed110

On going

10Mahkota II, Kaltim

Cable-Stayed370

On going

Cable-Stayed Bridge
Batam – Tonton Bridge

Batam, Kepulauan Riau, 1998
Bridge Span (147 + 350 + 147 meter) = 664 meter.

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Special Bridges
F. Suspension Bridges
NoBridge Name

Total Span (m)Main-Span(m)Year ofConstruction

1Membramo, Irian Jaya

Suspension

235

1994

2Barito, Kalsel

Suspension

240

1995

3Mahakam II, Kaltim

Suspension

270

2001

Suspension Bridge
Jembatan BaritoBanjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, 1996
Main Span (Twin Suspension Bridge)
2 x ( 90 + 240 + 90 ), Total Span 1080 meter11

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STANDARDS, NORMS, MANUALS ANDGUIDELINES

Norms, Standard, Guideline & Manual(Design Standards)

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Norms, Standard, Guideline & Manual(Guideline for Routine and Periodical Maintenance)

Norms, Standard, Guideline & Manual(Manual for Maintenance of Special Bridges)

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CURRENT INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
STRATEGIESCurrent Condition of Bridges Constructionin Indonesia

Some bridges have a sub-standard
performances due to improper design,construction and operational/maintenance

Why?

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The Collapse of Kukar Bridge(Ref : H. Vaza dan I. Suhendra, 2002)

The Collapse of Kukar Bridge15

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Problems of SIAK 3 Bridge

Deformation Problems in SIAK 3 Bridge16

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Problems

ORGANIZATION OF BRIDGE SAFETY COMMITTEEBRIDGE SAFETY COMMITTEE

Complex Bridges
with span ≥ 150 m

Chariman
Secretary

MemberExpert Panel

MemberBRIDGE SAFETY UNIT
CharimanMemberStandar Bridges
with span between
100 - 150 m
Expert Panel

MemberMemberMemberROAD AND BRIDGE MANAGEMENT17

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Staging of Standard Bridge Construction in Indonesia
Planning &Programming

Database BMS

Inspection
BridgeCondition andPlaning/Programming• Pre FS, FS,Research• TechnicalScreening• Economic
Evaluation• ProgramIndication vs
Budget Constraint

Planning & Programming

RoutineMaintenance(Condition 0 to 1)

Rehabilitation
Periodic(Condition 2, 3 & 4)
BridgePreservation
Activities

Construction(Condition 5)

Upgrading/Capacity
Expansion
Activities

Implementation

RoutineMaintenance
Document
Generic
Rehabilitation(Condition 2 & 3)
SpecialRehabilitation(Condition 4)• Bridge
Replacement• Bridge
Construction• Bridge
Duplication• Bridge
Widening• Over Pass/
Under Pass
Construction• Bridge
Improvement/Upgrading

Expert System

RoutineMaintenanceWork

Rehabilitation
Document

SpecialInspection

Rehabilitation
Work

Rehabilitation
Planning

Rehabilitation
Document

DetailPlanning

Constructions
Document

New
Construction/
Widening/
UpgardingWork

Bridge construction in Indonesia ismanaged through Bridge Management
System (BMS), and it comprises ofplanning/programming, feasibility study,design, construction, operation andmaintenance.

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Bridges Condition Inspection Procedure
BMS 1992
Parameter
Evaluation

Criteria

S(structure)

Rating
NoYes

Are the defects harmful or otherwise?

01R(rating)

What is the level of defect, severe or mild?

01K(quantity)

Is the defect extensive (widespread) orlocalized? For example, the defect only affects
to more less 50% of the length, width orvolume of the element

01F(function)

Do these elements still function?

01

P(effect)

Whether the defects seriosly affect otherelements or traffic flow?

0105Bridge Rating: Br = S + R + K + F + P

Category of Performance
Each bridge element is individually assessed with the same evaluation
parameters up to the highest hierarchy element of the bridge as a whole unit.
The elements of conditions assessment system can be described as follows:

0. Elements/bridges in good condition and without damage
1. Elements/bridges suffered minor damage, only requireroutine maintenance
2. Elements/bridges damage that requires monitoring orperiodic maintenance3 Elements/bridges damage that requires immediate
action4. Elements/bridges in critical condition
5. Elements/bridges is not functioning or collapse

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Problems During Inspection1) Lack of understanding of the inspector on bridge
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)elements (elements name, function, etc.)
Lack of understanding on type of damages (types,causes, and impacts)
Lack of experience in using BMS`92 guidelines.
Lack of accuracy of the inspector in finding damages tothe bridge elements.
Method of bridge inspection does not comply with theguidelines.
No access for inspector and bridge inspection tools tothe sites.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT• Many bridges, including special bridges, are still needed tobridge rivers, valleys in Indonesia• With the autonomous system adopted in the local
government, the demand for new bridges construction toconnect isolated area is increasing the last ten years• Because of that, in near future, Indonesia is going to haveincreasing numbers of long –span bridges

SEI TAYAN BRIDGE

2 B

2 A

2A

2B

45023

60000

TYPE- 3

45023

45023

60000

2B

2C

APPROACH SPAN = 492101

40102

2 D

2 C

SIDE SPAN = 75000

45023

45023

60000

46886

MAIN SPAN = 200.00m

SIDE SPAN = 75000

2A

2D

APPROACH SPAN = 231970

46886

60000

45023

40024

40038

TYPE- 32111/15/2014

MUSI II BRIDGE

Main Bridge Span:Steel Arch Rib 60m + 60 m + 100 m + 60 m + 60 m

NGARAI SIANOK BRIDGE▣ Bridge Type : Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridge( 4 Pylons)▣ Construction Method :- Central Span: FCM Method using F/T- Side Span : FSM Method using temporary bent
▣ Span Composition: 87.5+3@170.0+87.5=685.0m▣ Width: B=24.0m (4 Lanes – 2way)
685.000
3@170.0=510.000

87.500

PY2

PY1000.
04000.
32187.500

PY3PY4006.
3712211/15/2014

OTHER DEVELOPMENT• The desire to connect big islands in Indonesia, such as
between Sumatera and Java Islands• This is relevant with MP3EI program (to improve connectivity
among centers of economy in Indonesia)• The first interisland connectivity has been constructed in2009, i.e. Java and Madura Bridges• The next one will be the Sunda strait bridges, connecting
Sumatera and Java Islands

Cable-Stayed Bridge
The First Interisland Bridge Connecting Java & Madura Islands
Suramadu Bridge

Surabaya, Jawa Timur
Main Span (Cable-Stayed Bridge)
192 + 434 + 192 meter, Total Span 5400 meter23

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SUNDA STRAIT BRIDGES

Note:
Wangsadinata Trace, 2009Proposed Trace, 2011 (Binamarga)

SUNDA STRAIT BRIDGES

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CLOSURE

CLOSURE• There are still many things to be done to prepare ourconstruction industries in designing, constructing andmaintaining bridges.
• We need to compile best practices from all over the world
regarding designing, constructing and maintaining thespecial types of bridges• We know that many other countries have progressed far
ahead of us in the state of the art of bridge constructions andmaintenance• Networking with other countries that have more experiences
and knowledge has to be established.

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THANKYOU

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