AppendixⅠ

Future of Civil Engineering
Basic Concept of JSCE on the Globalization
The philosophy of JSCE on globalization is to create asustainable world community through the utilization of best
knowledge and achievements of civil engineering for thesafe and comfortable living and welfare of people．
For this purpose, the civil engineers must act with theaffection for mankind without being restricted by thecircumstances imposed for various reasons.

1The Challenging Issues in Asia
(1) Natural Disasters
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods andtyphoons have been recently increasing and thenumber of casualties in Asia is the 90% of the total
number all over the world.
・Dense population in low land areas vulnerable tonatural disasters
・Insufficient infrastructures
・Poverty
Poverty is worsening disasters and disasters isaggravating poverty.

2River Erosion in Asia and Its Effects
River erosion is affecting the occurrence of natural disasters
and environment.
・Soft ground in alluvial plain vulnerable to earthquakes
・Environmental destruction, expansion of sea pollution

Speed of Erosion(m3/km2/year)
1000500200
1005010Plain
River

MountainousDistrict RiverRiver Erosion Speed3

Damaging Earthquakes and Tsunamis in theWorld in the Last Half Century(Events with more than 1000 casualties)
NUMBER OF EVENTS

7Asia

America

EuropeOthers

65
4
3
2
10〜〜

56〜

61〜

66〜

71

〜

76〜

81〜

86〜

〜〜

51

91

96

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

2000 05〜

1946

2001

4

5

Regional Ratio of Earthquake,tsunami and Casualties(1986〜2005 Events with More than 1000 Casualties)
Europeヨーロッパ
7.7%

Othersその他
Europeヨーロッパ

4%

Othersその他
0.4%

America
アメリカ

13%

1.5%

America
17%

Asia

Asia

66%

90.4%

The ratio of eventsregional ratio of casualties
The Theratioof casualties

Total number of events: 26

The number of casualties : 548,206

Recent Damaging Earthquakes and Tsunami

2004 Sumatra Tsunami

2004 Niigata Earthquake

2004 Sumatra Tsunami

2005 Pakistan Earthquake

6

Damaging Storms and Floods
7in the World during the Last Half Century(Events with casualties more than 1000 casualties)
NUMBER OF EVENTS

141210Asia

America

EuropeOthers

86
4
2〜

51〜

56〜

61〜

66

〜

71〜

76〜

81〜

86〜

〜

1946

91

96

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

2000 05〜〜02001

Regional Ratio of Storm and Floodand Associated Casualties

8(1986〜2005, Events with More than 1000 Casualties)
Europeヨーロッパ
2%America
アメリカ

EuropeOthers
その他
2%

America
アメリカ
5.3%

0.2%

Others
その他
0.2%

13%

Asia
83%

Asia
94.4%

The ratio of events

The ratios of casualties

Number of events: 45

Number of casualties: 246,600

The Challenging Issues in Asia
(2) Environment

Environmental Destruction
・Environment adversely affected by deforestation,desertification and population increase.
・The waste is increasing due to population
increase and changes of life style.

9Deforestation in the World

10(1990〜2000)annual decrease rate
1.0% or more
0.5-0.9%-0.1-0.4%-0.4-0.0%
Less than-0.4%
No data

Source: World Bank

Forests decrease in size in many Asian
countries, such as Indonesia, Myanmar,
Pakistan, and Nepal.

Expansion of Desertification
Area of the land
influenced bydesertification

About 3,600
Million ha

About 14,400
Million ha

Population influenced
by desertification
About 900
millionpeople

The regional ratio of thedesertification

North America
12.9%

About 5,400
Million people

Europe2.6%
Australia
10.6%

1/4 of the landin the world

11South Africa
18.6%

Africa
29.4%
Asia
36.8%

1/6 of world
population
Source :UNEP”Desertification Control Bulletin”

Temperature
Change(℃)

Temperature Change in the World and Japan, 12and Rainfalls
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4

Temperature Deviation in the world

Temperature
Change（℃）

1.5
10.5

Temperature Deviation in Japan

0-0.5-1

12

NumberEvents10

Events with more than 100mm rainfall per hour in Japan864
201976

80

85

90

95

2000

04

Flood Damage in Asia（2004)

Japan

Philippines（AFP）

India（AP/WWP）

China（EPA）

13Amount of Solid Waste in the Asian Region
The drastic increase of population in the Asian region is increasing
the amount of solid waste.

Source : ESCAP (1995)

14

Roles and Contributions of Civil Engineersof Japan for Natural Disaster Mitigationand Environmental Protection

15

Transferring Technologies for Natural Disasters Mitigation of Japan
to Asian Countries
・Earthquake resistant technology, Tsunami warning system
Transferring Environmental Protection Technology to AsianCountries
・Waste disposal, Measures against ground and water pollution,
abandoned mines
Education for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Support forReconstruction and Restoration from Natural Disasters
・Activities by student members and NPO: Engineers Without
Borders-Japan

Support and Assistance for Restoration and 16
Reconstruction in Sumatra by JSCE
1.Aceh Province
・Investigation and Recommendations forCoastal Roadway Construction
・Proposal of Tsunami Warning System
・Educational Activities for Natural
Disaster Mitigation
2.Medan・Educational Activities for Natural
Disaster Mitigation
・International Seminar on Earthquake
and Tsunami
3.Nias Island
・Recommendations for Bridge
Reconstruction
・Training for Geotechnical Exploration

Plan for Regional Tsunami Warning System 17by JSCE(For North Sumatra Provincial Government)
Satellite
Satellite
Television

RadioMosqueSeismic station

Tsunami warning
centerBroadcast
stationCommunity, Residents

Education of Children in Banda Aceh for Natural
Disaster Mitigation by JSCE’s Student Members 18

Lecture by student members

Question and Answer after The Lecture

Welcome Ceremony by Students

Lecture in Tent

Technical Support for Restoration and19
Reconstruction Works in Indonesia and Pakistan
1.1m to South
Declination aprox. 0.3m
Declination aprox. 0.5m

Displaced Bridge Girder due to Earthquake Motion(Pakistan)
Tilted and Sunk Pier of Bridge due toLiquefaction(Indonesia)

Seminar for Engineers(Indonesia)

Discussion with Engineers for Restoration(Pakistan)What JSCE’s Members Are Going to Do 20for Natural Disaster Mitigation in Future?

JSCE’s Roles(1)Investigation and Analysis
on Natural Disaster(2)Research and Development(3)Direct Contribution to Peopleand Community①Technical Supports for Restoration
and Reconstruction to the Affected
Area②Continuous Education on Natural
Disaster Mitigation③Application and Spread ofTechnologies for Natural DisasterMitigation

Public Sector*Ministries*JICA

Private Sector*Construction Companies*Consultants

NPO
Engineers without Borders-JapanforNatural Disaster Mitigation

Members from otherEngineering Associations
*AIJ
*JGS
*JSME
*JSEERetired
SeniorEngineers