THE NINTH MEETING OF THE AD HOC ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS
ON UNAFEI WORK PROGRAMMES AND DIRECTIONSREPORT OF RECENT ACTIVITIES AND FUTUREPERSPECTIVES OF UNAFEITHE NINTH MEETING OF THE AD HOC ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF
EXPERTS ON UNAFEI WORK PROGRAMMES AND DIRECTIONSOCTOBER 27, 1997

Toichi Fujiwara*
Mr. Chairperson,
Distinguished Members of the Ninth Meeting of the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
As the Director of UNAFEI, the Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, it is my great privilege and honor to introduce
the recent activities of our Institute. In this report, I would like to focus upon our activities
since the last Meeting of the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee in March of 1992.
I. INTRODUCTION
1. UNAFEI was established in Tokyo, Japan in 1961 pursuant to an agreement between
the United Nations and the Government of Japan. Its goal is to contribute to soundsocial development in the Asia and Pacific region by promoting the prevention of crime
and the improvement of criminal justice administration through training and research.
Since its foundation, UNAFEI has been placing the highest priority on the training of
criminal justice personnel of the region. At the core of the Institute’s various activities
are the 2 three-month International Training Courses and the 1 five-week International
Seminar which are conducted annually.
2. During its 36 years of existence, UNAFEI has conducted a total of 107 international
training courses and seminars, in which more than 2,593 criminal justice personnel
have participated, representing 89 different countries not only from the Asia-Pacificregion but also from the Middle and Near East, Latin America and Africa. UNAFEI
participants are selected from among experienced practitioners and top-level
administrators holding senior positions in their respective countries. Thus, UNAFEI
alumni play leading roles and hold important posts in the fields of crime prevention
and the treatment of offenders in their countries.
3. In addition to these international training courses and seminars, UNAFEI has
conducted a considerable number of seminars with the cooperation of other governments,
dispatching UNAFEI staff members overseas. Moreover, UNAFEI has undertaken
several research projects and has published the results of such research as well as theresults of the training programmes. Thus, the Institute has been endeavoring to fulfill
the important responsibilities entrusted to it by the countries in the region and theUnited Nations.

* Director of UNAFEI.

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II. TRAINING PROGRAMMES AT UNAFEI
4. When the Director of UNAFEI reported to the members of the last Meeting of the Ad
Hoc Advisory Committee in March 1992, the total number of participating countries in
the UNAFEI international training courses and seminars was 67 and the total numberof participants was 2116. In comparison, presently, the corresponding number of countries
is 89—increasing by 22 over the last five and half years. Additionally, during the same
period, the total number of participants to these training programmes (91st Course
through 107th Course) increased from 2116 to 2593.
5. UNAFEI training programmes have four distinct characteristic features:a. Practice-oriented programmeFirst of all, the training programmes are organized with particular attention to theactual conditions and urgent problems in the administration of criminal justice in theregion. Socio-economic changes have generated the increasing number of crimes andjuvenile delinquency and crimes have become more sophisticated, organized andinternationalized. Moreover, there exist such persistent problems as the low detection
rate of crimes, the inordinate delay in investigation and trial proceedings, prison
overcrowding, insufficient treatment programmes for offenders and the high rate ofrecidivism. Thus, by selecting these problems as the main themes and topics for the
training courses and seminars, the Institute has attempted to reflect the changing andcontemporary needs of the region. At the same time, UNAFEI has paid the utmost
attention to the priority themes identified by the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
Programme of the United Nations, which reflect common and urgent problems
throughout the world. Moreover, the participants comprise experienced practitioners
from the different criminal justice fields. As a result, current problems are identified
and practical solutions to the problems are discussed and recommended in the training
programmes.
b. Integrated approach
The second feature is an integrated approach to the criminal justice system as awhole. UNAFEI usually chooses themes or topics which are relevant to and inter-relatedwith every field of the criminal justice system, recognizing that the improvement ofcriminal justice administration in its entirety can only be realized through systematiccooperation among different related agencies. Consequently, the composition of theparticipants is unique, representing a variety of professions. This wide variety enables
the participants to examine issues and problems from different angles and discuss
solutions from the various perspectives of the whole criminal justice system. Thus, theInstitute has encouraged participants to pay special attention to the need for coordinating
policies and practices between all related agencies of their respective criminal justicesystems.
c. Participant-centered process
The third point is a participant-centered process. Of course, the UNAFEI faculty
actively assist participants in obtaining productive training results by sharing theirknowledge of different criminal justice systems, delivering lectures and giving advice inthe group discussions. Visiting experts also impart their broad knowledge and extensive
experience to the UNAFEI participants.

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However, another equally beneficial way for participants to learn is from each other,since all the participants have considerable practical experience in the criminal justicefield and a high level of professional integrity. Through the individual presentations
and the group workshops, participants are expected to identify common problems andto work out their suitable solutions primarily by themselves, based upon theirprofessional knowledge and experience.
d. Family atmosphere
The fourth feature concerns our family atmosphere. Since the participants live together
for an extended period of time during the UNAFEI programme, a real sense of family
and unity is fostered among them. This atmosphere deepens the understanding among
participants from different nations and professional backgrounds, thus furthering thetraining results and creating lifelong friendships well beyond national boundaries.
Furthermore, the pleasant memories and recollections about UNAFEI strongly tie its
alumni together in many countries regardless of the differences in the training
programmes they attended. Thereby, the exchange of information and coordination
among different criminal justice agencies are promoted and international cooperation
can be facilitated.
A. International Training Courses
6. The International Training Courses, which last for three months, are organized toprovide participants with ample opportunities to discuss common contemporary issues
and problems in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. In each training
course, 15 to 20 overseas participants and about 10 Japanese participants are invited
to UNAFEI. They hold relatively high senior positions in their respective professions.
The training courses have been divided into two kinds: courses on the treatment ofoffenders (spring) and courses on the administration of criminal justice (autumn).
Primarily, the training course curriculum is composed of the individual presentations
by each participant, lectures of visiting experts, ad hoc lecturers and faculty, and group
workshops. These programmes are supplemented by observation visits and study tours
to various agencies including the police, public prosecutors offices, the courts, andcorrectional and rehabilitation institutions.
7. In each training course, under the guidance of the UNAFEI faculty and visiting
experts, participants identify current problems and discuss countermeasures andrecommendations, taking differences in criminal justice systems and practices into
consideration. They draft reports of their discussions in the group workshops, which
are later published in the UNAFEI Resource Material Series, along with selected papersof the participants and the visiting experts’ papers.
8. The main themes of the international training courses since April 1992 are as follows:
1992: • Further Use and Effectual Development of Non-Custodial Measures for
Offenders (91st International Training Course)• Quest for Effective Methods of Organized Crime Control (92nd International
Training Course)

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1993: • Current Problems in Correctional Treatment and Their Solution (94thInternational Training Course)• Effective Countermeasures against Crimes Related to Urbanization andIndustrialization—Urban Crime, Juvenile Delinquency and Environmental
Crime (95th International Training Course)
1994: • Effective Treatment of Drug Offenders and Juvenile Delinquents (97thInternational Training Course)• Economic Crime and Effective Countermeasures against It (98thInternational Training Course)
1995: • The Institutional Treatment of Offenders: Relationships with Other
Criminal Justice Agencies and Current Problems in Administration (100th
International Training Course)• The Fair and Effective Administration of Criminal Justice: The Proper
Exercise of Authority and Procedural Justice (101st International Training
Course)1996: • Improvement of the Treatment of Offenders through the Strengthening of
Non-Custodial Measures (103rd International Training Course)• International Cooperation in Criminal Justice Administration (104th
International Training Course)
1997: • The Quest for Effective Juvenile Justice Administration (106th International
Training Course)• The Role and Function of Prosecution in Criminal Justice (107th
International Training Course)
B. International Seminars
9. The International Seminars are attended by top administrators, department heads,
senior prosecutors and judges who work at the policy-making level; generally 20 to 25
overseas participants and about 6 Japanese participants. The programmes of theseminars mainly consists of individual presentations by each participants, lectures byvisiting experts and ad hoc lecturers, and general discussions. These programmes aresupplemented by observation visits and study tours to criminal justice agencies.
10. The individual presentations and general discussion sessions are carried out almostin the same manner as the individual presentations and the group workshops in the
training course. Also, the results of the general discussion sessions are carried in the
UNAFEI Resource Material Series, along with selected papers of the participants andthe visiting experts’ papers.
11. The main themes of the international seminars since April 1992 are as follows:
1993: • Policy Perspective for Organized Crime Suppression (93rd International
Seminar)1994: • Promotion of International Cooperation in Criminal Justice Administration(96th International Seminar)
1995: • The Effective Administration of Criminal Justice: Public Participation and
the Prevention of Corruption (99th International Seminar)
1996: • Crime Prevention through Effective Firearms Regulation (102nd
International Seminar)

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1997: • The Effective Administration of Criminal Justice for the Prevention of
Corruption by Public Officials (105th Seminar)
C. Summaries of Specific Courses and Seminars: Past, Present and Future
12. From 29 January to 1 March 1996, the 102nd International Seminar took up thecontemporary issues of firearms regulations. Thirty-one participants from 24 countries
attended this Seminar. Being fully aware of the United Nations’ role in this field, UNAFEI
selected as the main theme of the Seminar, “Crime Prevention through Effective Firearms
Regulation”; thus implementing the resolution “Firearms and Regulation for Purposesof Crime Prevention and Public Safety” adopted by the Ninth United Nations Congressin Cairo, Egypt in April 1995. The Seminar participants introduced and explained theircountries’ situation regarding firearms regulation and actively exchanged opinions inorder to explore some effective measures to regulate firearms applicable to participating
countries. They discussed important issues such as the enhancement of investigation
techniques, the detection of smuggling by border control, international cooperation, theappropriate qualifications for possessing firearms, effective prosecution and sentencing,and cooperation from the general public. Acknowledging wide differences in the social,political and economic backgrounds of each country, the participants reconfirmed thateach state has the responsibility to protect the life and property of its people byimplementing appropriate firearms regulations which are suitable to each country.
13. The 103rd International Training Course, “Improvement of the Treatment of
Offenders through the Strengthening of Non-custodial Measures”, was conducted from15 April to 5 July 1996. Twenty-eight participants representing 18 countries reviewed
the current situation and problems in the implementation of non-custodial measures
for the treatment of offenders, and sought practical solutions to them, paying due respect
for the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures, the socalled Tokyo Rules. It was agreed that prisons in various parts of the world suffer fromovercrowding problems as a result of the excessive use of custodial measures and theinsufficiency or nonexistence of non-custodial measures for the treatment of offenders.
It was reaffirmed that since non-custodial measures are effective for rehabilitating
offenders, as well as alleviating the overcrowding problems of prisons, such measures
should be extended and strengthened at every stage of criminal justice, striking a balancewith such traditional objectives of punishment as retribution, deterrence andrehabilitation.
14. UNAFEI welcomed 32 participants from 20 countries in the 104th International
Training Course (held from 2 September to 22 November 1996). Discussions of the main
theme, “International Cooperation in Criminal Justice Administration” involved such
topics as mutual assistance, extradition and the transfer of foreign prisoners. The
participants made full reference to the United Nations Manuals on the Model Treaty on
Extradition and on the Model Treaty on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters.
Traditionally, in the field of international cooperation, the conflict between so-called
treaty prerequisite countries and treaty non-requisite countries has been an unsolved
difficult issue. This has hampered cooperation in criminal justice administration at theinternational level and, perhaps of greatest concern, has enabled criminals to evade
justice. The participants of the 104th Course concluded that extradition arrangements
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but also on the basis of reciprocity. In other words, even between countries without atreaty, extradition or mutual assistance should be realized by amending domestic laws
and taking a flexible attitude on the principle of reciprocity. Additionally, during thisTraining Course, the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation and UNAFEI held a Working
Group on Extradition, inviting many eminent experts.
15. From 27 January to 28 February 1997, 25 participants from 19 countries attended
the 105th International Seminar and took up the contemporary issues of corruption.
Being fully aware of the United Nations’ role in this field, UNAFEI selected as the main
theme of the Seminar, “The Effective Administration of Criminal Justice for thePrevention of Corruption by Public Officials.” In many countries, corruption exists at
various levels of government. The criminal justice agencies of some countries haveactively tackled this problem and produced successful results. On the other hand, in alarge number of countries, corruption is still prevalent and law enforcement agencies
have not established the required countermeasures to effectively tackle and deter thecrime. The Seminar participants respectively introduced their countries’ experiences
regarding corruption, and analyzed the causes and dynamics of corruption in order toseek concrete measures for its eradication.
16. UNAFEI conducted the 106th International Training Course (from 14 April to 4
July 1997) with the main theme, “The Quest for Effective Juvenile Justice
Administration.” This Course consisted of 29 participants from 19 countries. The
Institute’s selection of this theme reflects its concern that juvenile delinquency is
becoming increasingly serious and rampant in the world, and that juveniles committing
heinous offences are becoming younger and younger and coming from all walks of life.
Criminal justice practitioners should seriously cope with such situations by improving
the juvenile justice administration. The participants identified the causes and natureof juvenile delinquency and searched for effective countermeasures and prevention
activities. Also considered were the proper dispositions and treatment programs forjuvenile delinquents, making reference to the role, use and application of the United
Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing
Rules).
17. At present, UNAFEI is conducting the 107th International Training Course withthe main theme, “The Role and Function of Prosecution in the Criminal Justice.” This
Course consists of 29 participants from 19 countries. Although the degree of prosecutors’authority and responsibility varies from country to country, it is commonly recognizedthat they play a crucial role in the effective and efficient administration of criminal
justice. There are a large number of countries which suffer from a low conviction rate
due to insufficiency of investigation and inefficiency of prosecution; as well as prison
overcrowding due to delayed proceedings in investigation and trial and the lack ofalternative ways to dispose of the criminal cases. Based on such actual and specificproblems faced by each country, the 107th Course participants are exploring solutions
to further improve prosecution systems and practices from the prosecutor’s point ofview, which would thereby contribute to the development of the whole criminal justicesystem. Particularly, during this Training Course, the role and function of prosecutors
at the stages of investigation, initiation of prosecution and trial are being extensively
deliberated.

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18. UNAFEI will hold the 108th International Seminar from 26 January to 27 February
1998, inviting about 20 overseas and 6 Japanese participants. The Seminar will focus
on the main theme, “Current Problems in the Combat of Organized Transnational Crime,”
recognizing that the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime andthe Treatment of Offenders will take up the issue as an important theme. In light of thegrowing threat by organized transnational crime at both national and international
levels, the Seminar will examine the current situation of organized transnational crime
and legislation against such crime as well as the problems faced by criminal justiceagencies.
D. Special Seminar for Senior Officials of the People’s Republic of China
19. From 10 to 29 July 1995, UNAFEI—under the sponsorship of ACPF—conducted a
special seminar for 30 high-ranking and influential officials from the People’s Republicof China involved in the field of criminal justice. The participants represented theSupreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public
Security and the Ministry of Justice. They and the UNAFEI faculty discussed specificproblems particularly faced by Chinese criminal justice administration and exploredpractical solutions to such problems.
20. In light of the successful realization of this Seminar and the strong request madeby the Chinese Government, the Special Seminar for Senior Officials of the People’s
Republic of China was conducted the following year, from 2 to 20 December 1996, under
the sponsorship of JICA. On this occasion, 10 high-ranking Chinese officials from thesame fields of criminal justice mentioned above participated. They and the UNAFEI
faculty comparatively discussed the problems faced by Japan and China, placingemphasis on corruption issues. Another similar Special Seminar will be held from 1 to
19 December of this year and particular attention will be given to juvenile justice issues.
III. OVERSEAS SEMINARS
A. Joint Seminars
21. Since 1981, UNAFEI has conducted 17 joint seminars under the auspices of JICA
and in collaboration with host governments in Asia including China, Fiji, Indonesia (2),the Republic of Korea, Malaysia (2), Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea (2), thePhilippines (2), Singapore, Sri Lanka (2) and Thailand. Joint Seminars are held on alarge scale (inviting about 100 participants) and are customarily attended by national
cabinet members such as Ministers of Justice. With the participation of policy-makers
and high-ranking administrators, including members of academia, the joint seminars
attempt to provide a discussion forum in which participants can share their views andjointly seek solutions to various problems currently facing the criminal justiceadministration in the host country. Discussion topics based on such problems include
public participation in crime prevention, the prevention of juvenile delinquency, drugtrafficking, organized crime, fair and speedy trial, overcrowding, the effective
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22. UNAFEI contributes to these joint seminars by carefully selecting the discussion
topics in advance, delivering lectures and actively participating in the discussions. In
this respect, these seminars are also marvelous opportunities for UNAFEI to convey
and disseminate the fruitful results of the UNAFEI programmes. The host country caneffectively benefit from the knowledge and expertise which UNAFEI has accumulated
through its training programmes and research. Moreover, since participants fromdifferent fields of criminal justice system attend the joint seminars, the so-called
integrated approach is readily taken to identify problems and discuss solutions. In
principle, the Institute conducts a seminar once a year. In March 1998, the BangladeshUNAFEI Joint Seminar will be held in the capital city of Dhaka. About 80 criminal
justice officials of the country are expected to attend. Additionally, preparatory
discussions have already been made toward the organization of a joint seminar with
India in fiscal year 1998.
B. Other Overseas Seminars
23. In addition to the Joint Seminars, UNAFEI frequently and actively participates inother seminars overseas. This month, under the financial assistance of JICA, UNAFEI
dispatched two professors to Kenya. They assisted the Kenyan Government in holding
a seminar on crime prevention and the treatment of juvenile delinquents. They
researched the actual needs in the criminal justice fields in Kenya and contributed tothe seminar by delivering lectures and giving advice during discussion sessions.
24. Since 1989, UNAFEI has actively assisted the Latin American Institute for thePrevention and the Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD) in organizing regional seminars
in Costa Rica entitled “Effective Countermeasures against Drug Offences andAdvancement of Criminal Justice Administration”. In the past, 10 seminars have been
held (approximately once a year) with the cooperation of JICA and the Government of
Costa Rica. Each two-week seminar is attended by about 20 participants from Latin
America and the Caribbean, mostly high-ranking judges, public prosecutors andadministrators. They have focused on drug problems within the context of suchcontemporary issues as money laundering, international cooperation, the prevention of
drug abuse and the treatment of drug offenders.
25. Since 1992, UNAFEI has sent two experts to Thailand each year to assist the Officeof the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB) in organizing regional training courses entitled“Effective Countermeasures against Drug Offences and the Advancement of Criminal
Justice Administration”. Thus far, five courses have been held with the cooperation of
JICA and the Royal Thai Government. Approximately 20 participants from various
Asia-Pacific countries have attended each two-week course and have discussed drugrelated issues and identified the actual problems in the participating countries.
Discussion topics in the courses have included the improvement of investigativetechniques, effective measures against money laundering, the implementation of theVienna Convention, international cooperation, and the treatment of drug offenders.

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IV. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS
26. Research is also one of the important activities of UNAFEI. Its staff members havemade great efforts to conduct research both inside and outside of the Institute. They
have regularly visited overseas countries to study and research the actual situation incrime prevention and criminal justice administration. The useful results of such research
are reflected in the comparative studies of the training programmes and other UNAFEI
activities.
27. The Institute is particularly conscious of the actual crime situation in the AsiaPacific region. The UNAFEI faculty has been striving constantly to collect useful statistics
and other pertinent data as a part of its daily research activities. These efforts havecrystallized into such UNAFEI publications as “Asia Crime Report No.1” (1993), which
compiled extensive data regarding nine Asian countries. “Crime Trends in Asia and thePacific” (1995), another publication, represents efforts by UNAFEI to keep theinternational community abreast of the actual crime situation in the Asia-Pacific region.
It incorporates the Fourth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of
Criminal Justice in the region and was submitted to the Ninth United Nations Congresson the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders held in Cairo, Egypt inApril 1995.
28. Comparative studies are undertaken by the Institute as well on criminal justicesystems and practices in the region. For example, “Criminal Justice Profiles of Asia”,
published in 1995, complies the salient features of investigation, prosecution and trialin 12 countries. In the near future, the Institute intends to publish the results of twoother comparative research projects conducted in the fields of corrections and probation
respectively.
29. The publications of the Institute are designed to meet the practical needs (including
training) of criminal justice personnel. Since 1971, the Institute has published 50 editionsof the UNAFEI Resource Material Series. They contain informative papers byparticipants, visiting experts and faculty members of UNAFEI as well as the discussions
results in the Group Workshops and General Discussion Sessions. The Institute also
has been issuing the UNAFEI Newsletter, in which a brief report of each training
programme and other timely information are incorporated. Additionally, UNAFEI has
published ten editions of “Ajiken Shoho”, a report of UNAFEI activities in the Japanese
language, since December 1991.
30. Apart from such regular publications, UNAFEI has published “Criminal Legislationof Japan” (1993). In commemoration of the 100th UNAFEI International Training Course,“The History of 100 International Training and Seminar Courses at UNAFEI” (1995)
was published to provide an overview of the Institute’s history.

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V. OTHER UNAFEI ACTIVITIES
31. UNAFEI cooperates and collaborates with ACPF to further improve crime prevention
and criminal justice administration in the region. Since UNAFEI and ACPF have many
similar goals and a large part of ACPF’s membership consists of UNAFEI alumni, therelationship between the two is strong. Some examples of cooperation and collaboration
can be seen as follows:a. UNAFEI has assisted ACPF extensively in all its World Conferences, as both acoordinator and a contributor, including the Sixth ACPF World Conference which
will be held in Tokyo from 28 to 31 October 1997. Additionally, the participantsof the 107th International Training Course will attend the Symposium to be heldon October 29 which focuses on the theme of prosecution.
b. An ACPF Working Group meeting was held at UNAFEI in October 1996, and the104th Course participants joined the meeting to discuss international cooperation.
Also, a UNAFEI faculty member attended another ACPF Working Group meeting
held in Malaysia in May 1997 regarding international cooperation and drugrelated crimes.
c. UNAFEI dispatched faculty members to Manila to collaborate with ACPF andAsia Crime Prevention Philippines, Incorporated (ACPPI) in establishing thefirst halfway house in the Philippines. (Established in June 1997.)
d. To proceed with an ACPF project to foster volunteer leaders in the crime
prevention field, UNAFEI sent two professors to Thailand in December 1995
and one professor to Papua New Guinea in December 1996.
32. In November 1992 and June 1994, UNAFEI organized at the Institute two workshops
on computerization of criminal justice information systems. The results of the workshops
were presented to a workshop in the Ninth United Nations Congress held in Cairo in
1995.
33. Under the auspices of JICA, UNAFEI has dispatched its faculty members once
every few years to conduct follow-up studies of its training programmes. UNAFEI alumni
have brought back new knowledge and ways of thinking to their respective homecountries and have utilized such training results to improve their respective criminal
justice systems and practices. By researching and evaluating the impact of training
results to actual situations, enhancements to the future training programmes can be
made. In October 1996, two UNAFEI faculty members visited Peru and Venezuela toconduct such a follow-up study. To assess the effects and results of the programmes,
questionnaires were distributed to UNAFEI alumni and their working agencies, andinterviews were also conducted. The follow-up study provided UNAFEI with valuable
information in order to better grasp training needs and enhance training.
34. UNAFEI staff tries to meet with alumni to exchange opinions for the developmentof criminal justice administration when traveling overseas. On these occasions, UNAFEI
provides a forum where alumni from different criminal justice fields can meet and talk,thereby contributing to the enhancement of coordination among them for promoting
the aims of criminal justice. Alumni meetings have recently been held on the following
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ON UNAFEI WORK PROGRAMMES AND DIRECTIONS• Bangladesh in August 1996,• China in September 1996,• Peru and Venezuela in October 1996,• Hong Kong in January 1997,• Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand in July 1997,• Costa Rica in August 1997, and• Kenya in October 1997.
35. UNAFEI is now assisting the International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation(IPPF) in organizing the latter’s Eighth Colloquium, which is scheduled to be held at
UNAFEI in January 1998. IPPF is an international organization which has as its aim
the promotion of studies in the field of the crime prevention and the treatment ofoffenders, especially by scientific research, publications and teaching.
VI. FINANCES AND ADMINISTRATION
36. In 1970, the Government of Japan assumed full financial and administrative
responsibility for running the Institute. The director, deputy director and sevenprofessors are selected from among public prosecutors offices, the judiciary, corrections
and probation. UNAFEI also has approximately 20 administrative members, who areappointed from among officials of the Government of Japan, and a linguistic adviser.
Each year, about 20 visiting experts from abroad are invited by the Ministry of Justiceto each training course or seminar (For example, 5 experts in the 105th International
Seminar, 7 in the 106th International Training Course, and 7 in the 107th International
Training Course). The Institute has also received valuable assistance from various
other experts, volunteers and related agencies in conducting its training programmes.
37. The Institute’s budget is primarily provided by the Ministry of Justice. The total
amount of the UNAFEI budget is approximately ¥350 million this year. JICA also
provides financial assistance for the Institute’s international training courses andseminars. Participants from various overseas countries receive fellowships from JICA
which cover their travel expenses and meal and accommodation costs, and provide adaily subsistence allowance. JICA also sponsors UNAFEI’s joint and regional seminars
by bearing such expenses as the rental fee for the seminar sites and air fare fordispatching overseas experts from Japan.
38. ACPF is another constant and reliable supporter of UNAFEI activities through its
financial contributions. ACPF hosts friendship parties for the UNAFEI participants toprovide opportunities for the international exchange of ideas. ACPF kindly invites the
UNAFEI participants to their branches located in various prefectures. The Foundation
also assists the UNAFEI participants in experiencing Japanese cultural activities.
Additionally, ACPF financially assists UNAFEI staff in visiting overseas countries.

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VII. GOALS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
A. Research and Publications
39. UNAFEI fully recognizes the importance of research activities and has taken
advantage of its uniquely advantageous position as a regional institute which invites anumber of criminal justice officials from various countries. Research activities areindispensable to making the training programmes more productive and fruitful.
Furthermore, UNAFEI is in the position to provide criminal justice officials in the region
with comprehensive and current information. Although UNAFEI places its first priority
on enhancing its training programmes, research has never been neglected nor treatedlightly. Thus, UNAFEI continues to make the utmost efforts to implement research
projects.
40. UNAFEI serves as a clearinghouse of information on crime prevention and criminal
justice administration in the region. In this regard, the Institute regularly surveys thecrime situation in the Asia-Pacific region and publishes the research results. UNAFEI
also continues to conduct comparative research in the various fields of criminal justicesystems and practices, focusing on the current situation, problems and theircountermeasures. The Institute aims to compile and publish the results. Towards thisgoal, UNAFEI alumni should be encouraged to conduct research or to find appropriate
resource persons to fulfill this task. For those who contribute to such research activities,
financial assistance should be provided to complete the research and publish the results.
41. Since the work products of the training programmes themselves are valuable
resources of comparative study, UNAFEI has been compiling such training results as
reference material. Primarily, these efforts have been realized through the Resource
Material Series.
42. The Institute is in the process of updating the library and information services.
Collecting the most current criminal justice publications and legislations of various
countries is one important project to complete. Another scheme is to provide suchnecessary information on the internet. Presently, UNAFEI publications are sent by
mail to its alumni and other concerned individuals and organizations twice a year.
However, UNAFEI is considering to make its publication materials available on theinternet, so as to widen the scope of its audience and disseminate information in a more
timely manner.
B. Staff Intensification
43. The professors of UNAFEI consists of criminal justice professionals seconded by
the Government of Japan from the fields of prosecution, the judiciary, corrections andrehabilitation. However, the Institute has never been provided with police officers as apart of its regular teaching staff. Since the United Nations Crime Prevention andCriminal Justice Programme has been increasingly placing emphasis on the preventionof various types of crimes and their control, the themes and features of UNAFEI training
programmes have turned in the same direction. This necessitates the attendance ofpolice officers as lecturers as well as participants. UNAFEI continues to invite regularly
a representative from the police as a lecturer to meet training needs. However, in lightof the considerably large number of overseas participants from the police, it is desirable
that professors from the police give day-to-day advice to the participants.
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44. Those who are assigned as UNAFEI staff have an international outlook or a senseof internationalism. Its faculty members are given opportunities to go abroad and to
experience various activities in an international setting. Considering the role and functionof UNAFEI as a regional training and research institute, its teaching staff should makecontinued efforts to develop their knowledge of criminal justice systems and practices
as well as communication skills.
C. Establishment of UNAFEI Branch in Osaka
45. UNAFEI has established its status as an affliated regional institute of the United
Nations for crime prevention and criminal justice and has enjoyed a high reputation for
its quality programmes. As a result, it has been repeatedly pointed out that the numberof UNAFEI programmes and participants should be increased to a great extent. However,presently, UNAFEI yearly conducts 2 three-month training courses, 1 five-week seminar,
1 special three-week seminar for high-ranking Chinese government officials, and 1
overseas joint seminar for two weeks. The entire UNAFEI staff is involved in theimplementation and preparation of these programmes, which nearly occupy a wholeyear. Thus unless the UNAFEI staff is increased, it will be very difficult for the Instituteto expand its programmes and continue to maintain the same level of quality expectedby the international community. Moreover, the accommodation capacity in the UNAFEI
dormitory is also limited. Considering these limitations in human resources and facilities,
the Ministry of Justice is planning to establish a UNAFEI branch in the city of Osakaby 1999 in order to increase the number of UNAFEI programmes. I am hopeful that the
project will successfully proceed and an entirely new programme will be additionallyorganized in the new environment.
D. Strengthening the United Nations-UNAFEI Relationship
46. As you know, the Government of Japan has assumed full financial and administrative
responsibility of UNAFEI. However, since it is still an affiliated regional institute of
the United Nations, UNAFEI maintains a close relationship with the United Nationsin the following ways:a. The director of UNAFEI is assigned in consultation with the United Nations.
b. The programmes of the Institute duly respect and reflect the United Nations
Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme, taking up the agendas of
the Programme as its training themes and thus providing opportunities to discussappropriate measures for implementing United Nations instruments.
c. UNAFEI submits an annual report to the United Nations, informing it of theInstitute’s activities.
d. As one of the regional institutes of the United Nations, UNAFEI attends theUnited Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders. The Institute also participates and makes statements every year at
the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.
e. UNAFEI has invited criminal justice professionals as visiting experts from theUnited Nations and its related agencies including UNAFEI’s sister institutes sothat UNAFEI can benefit from their guidance and lectures.

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47. Additionally, UNAFEI has recently extended its support to the efforts by the United
Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network to establish“UNOJUST”, a computer network which will make readily available online criminal
justice resources and will enhance collaboration among the members of the Network.
48. UNAFEI believes that its steady and continued activities in line with the generalpolicy of the United Nations are most conducive to the countries in the region. Therefore,
the Institute intends to strengthen and develop its relationship with the United Nations.
VIII. CONCLUSION
49. The present staff of UNAFEI has endeavored to continue in the fine tradition of
excellence and achievement which has been established since 1961 by the United Nations,
the Government of Japan, the countries of region, and its predecessors. We are making
the utmost efforts to maintain and develop the successful administration of UNAFEI
programmes. UNAFEI, as an affiliated regional institute of the United Nations, hastaken up contemporary and urgent issues in its training programme themes, respecting
the United Nations Programme and paying close attention to the actual needs of the
Asia-Pacific region. In this way, the Institute contributes to countries of the region bypromoting the sound development of their respective criminal justice administrations.
UNAFEI invites criminal justice practitioners to its training courses and seminars to
identify actual problems and discuss solutions. Such a practice-oriented and problemsolving approach has been most beneficial to the participating countries’ crime prevention
and criminal justice administrations. UNAFEI will maintain this fundamental attitudeunder the support of the United Nations, the Government of Japan, the countries of theregion, JICA and ACPF. Moreover, the Institute will continue to upgrade its training
and research activities and intensify its staff and organization. By taking up actual
criminal justice issues in its training programmes, UNAFEI will further strive for the
improvement of crime prevention and criminal justice administration in the region.

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