輻射温度0.5keVプランク放射源による光電離プラズマ
レーザー生成ミニ・ブラックホール放射源によるＸ線天文学模擬実験

大阪大学
レーザーエネルギー学研究センター
高部英明
初代星・銀河形成研究会 in 神戸
甲南大学
08年9月8-10日

1

Laboratory Astrophysics Project at ILE(1) Shocks in Universe and Origin of Cosmic-Ray(2) Photo-ionized Plasma

Laser

X-ray Image of SN1006:
Mainly by extremely relativistic electron
cyclotron emission with E=1015eV.

Planetary Nebula, X-ray binary:Possibility of photo-ionized X-ray laserfrom Universe
Laser hole(3) Planetary and Meteo-impact Physics

レーザー

Observation WindowBacklighter

Thermal x-rays(TR = 80 eV)

2レーザー宇宙物理研究・四班の体制
 無衝突衝撃波の生成と粒子加速の物理坂和洋一，堂埜誠一，蔵満康浩，加藤恒彦，木村友亮，宮西宏併，遠藤恭，尾崎典雅，長友英夫，重森啓介，門野敏彦，児玉了祐，乗松孝好，高部英明，星野真弘、山崎了、大西直文、水田晃、J.Waugh，N.Woolsey, B.Loupias, Gregory,
M.Koenig 【阪大、東大、広大、東北大、千葉大、U. York(UK), LULI(France)】 光電離非平衡プラズマの物理
西村博明, 藤岡慎介, 山本則正, 田沼 肇, 中村信行, 高部英明, 加藤太治、政井邦昭, Feilu Wang, Yuton Li, Gang Zhao, Jie Zhang, Steve Rose【阪大、核融合研、首都大東京、IOP, NAOC, SJTU(China), Imp. Coll.(UK)】 惑星と隕石衝突の物理

弘中陽一郎，門野敏彦，佐野孝好，大谷一人，城下明之，中井光男，疇地宏，三間圀興,尾崎典雅，宮西宏併，遠藤恭，木村友亮，兒玉了祐, 清水克哉, 境家達弘，高橋英樹，近藤忠, 入舩徹男，土屋卓久, 生駒大洋, 岩本晃史, 奥地拓生，大野宗祐, 杉田精司，関根康人，松井孝典, 荒川政彦, 中村昭子, Justin Wark 【阪大、愛媛大、東工大、核融合研、岡大、東大、名大、神大、U. Oxford(UK)】 高温超伝導体テラヘルツ波検出デバイスの開発
斗内政吉、川山巌、堂田泰史、金子亮介【阪大】
33

Photo‐ionized Non‐LTE Plasmas
Collaborators(Japan)
Shinsuke Fujioka, Hiroaki Nishimura, Fei-lu Wang, David Salzman
Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDaiji Kato
National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 569-5292, Japan(China)
Yu-Tong Li, Quan-Li Dong, Shou-Jun Wang, Yi Zhang, Jie Zhang
Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100080, China
Jing Zhao, Fei-lu Wang, Hui-Gang Wei, Jian-Rong Shi, Gang Zhao
National Astronomical Observatories of China, CAS. Beijing 100012, China
Ji-Yan Zhang, Tian-Shu Wen, Wen-Hai Zhang, Xin Hu, Shen-Ye Liu, Yong KunDing,
Lin Zhang, Yong-Jian Tang, Bao-Han Zhang, Zhi-Jian Zheng,
Research Center for Laser Fusion, CAES, Mianyang 621900, China
Jie Zhang
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
4

Japan-China Collaboration supported by JSPS, Japan, and NSFC,China.
X-ray radiation temp.
(TR ~ 80 eV)

8 laser beams forradiation field (1ns)

Shingang II (China)
Au Backlighter
3ω, 130ps,100J (9thbeam)

SiO2 gel(40mg/cc)

Absorption Spectra
φ 800 μm
Dog-bone cavity

8 laser beams (0.35um,1ns,2000J) were incident to the dog‐bone Au cavity to produce a80 eV x‐ray radiation field. The 40mg/cc SiO2 gel were photoionized by the radiation field.
An additional Au x‐ray source produced by the 9th laser beam was used as backlighter.
Absorption (with backlighter) or self‐emission spectra were measured in the experiment.
5

Absorption by Photo‐ionized Plasma(Shanghai, China)

Shingang II(Shanghai, China)

6

Self‐emission from Photo‐ionized Plasma(Osaka, Japan)
Gekko XII
(Osaka, Japan)

77

Two Type of Experiments have been
done with GXII and Shengaun II
1. Opacity Experiment of Photo-ionized Silicon Plasma(Shingan II, Shanghai)
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 683, 577–583, Aug 2008
H. G. Wei et al.,“Opacity studies of silicon in radiatively heatedplasma”
2. Self-emission Experiment of Photo-ionized Nitrogen Plasma(Gekko XII, Osaka)
Physics of Plasmas 15, 073108 (2008)
F. L. Wang et al., “Experimental evidence and theoreticalanalysis of photoionized plasma under x-ray radiation produced
by intense laser”
8Why photo‐ionization plasma physics
is important in Astrophysics• Photo‐ionization of accretion disk material in X‐ray binary(Anomalous accretion rate: α)– S. A. Balbus, and J. F. Hawley, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1 (1998).
– H. Takabe, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 143, 202 (2001).
– B. A. Remington, R. P. Drake, and D. D. Ryutov, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 755 (2006).

• Photo‐ionization of surface plasma of companion star (Cyg X‐3)
– K. Kawashima, and S. Kitamoto, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 48, L113 (1996).
– F. Paerels, et al., Astrophys. J. 533, L135 (2000).

• Physics of line driven stellar wind. Possibility of very mass stars– S. F. P. Zwart, and E. P. J. van den Heuvel, Nature 450, 388 (2007).
– S. E. Woosley, S. Blinnikov, and A. Heger, Nature 450, 390 (2007).
– I. Hachisu, and M. Kato, Astrophys. J. 590, 445 (2003).

• Photo‐ionization of HII region– A. Mizuta, et al, Astrophys. and Space Science 298, 197 (2004).
9

10

S. Watanabe et al., ApJ 651; 421, 2006
11

S. Watanabe et al., ApJ 651; 421, 2006
12

He-like Silicon Line Emissions from VELA X-1

13

N. R. Schultz et al., ApJ 564; L21, 2002

Experimental Configuration
Gekko XII (Osaka )14

Principle of Laser Fusion
レ ーザー照射
燃料球

衝撃波
AFエ ネ ルギーAblation

爆縮

核燃焼波

核燃焼点火
15

Mesured Radiation from
Imploded Core

16

126E+029

104E+029

82E+029

60E+000

460

Temperature (eV)

8E+029Average Z

Radiation pulse

Time dependence of the laser pulse,
the electron temperatureand the average charge state

40

20

00400

800time (ps)

1200

1600

17

レーザー実験
データ

Chandra観測
データ
N. R. Schultz et al., ApJ 564; L21, 200218

D. Salzman, Atomic Physics of Hot Plasmas, Oxford
19542

SiliconEnergy levels (in eV)

H‐like1863

480

He‐like
1840

456

Li‐like1795

Be‐like20

H‐like1863 eV

n=2

He‐like1842 eV

Li‐like

Be‐like

1s2p → 1s2 1863 eV resonance
1s2l2l '→ 1s22l 1842 eV satellites~1810 eV(outside the rangeof thespectrometer)
21

22

観測データと実験データの比較23

まとめ
1. レーザー爆縮で0.5keVのプランク分布輻射
源を実験室に再現
2. シリコンプラズマの光電離プラズマのスペクトルを分光計測
3. VELA X‐1天体からのHe様スペクトルと比較
4. 共鳴線よりわずかに低エネルギーのラインの物理を議論
5. 禁制遷移なのか衛星線なのか？
6. 9/16 政井ｰザルツマン勝負（審判：高部）24

レーザー宇宙物理プロジェクトの国際共同研究推進
Osaka, JP

UoR, USRAL, UK

Livermore, US

Ecole.P, FR

Asia：２
US：２
EU：２

Shanghai, CN
25

25

26

世界の大型レーザー

60本

30 kJ U. Rochester, USA

192本

10 kJ Osaka
1800 kJ LLNL, USA

12本

27

Prospects

28

1. High-Mach Number Collisonless Shock
Theory & Simulation by T. N. Kato1 Experiment by
Y. Sakawa1, Y. Kuramitsu1 and their group1,International Collaborators
M. Koenig2 and his group2, N. C. Woolsey3 and his group3
Collaborators in Astrophysics
4M. Hoshino, 5T. Tearasawa, 6R. Yamasaki, 7F. Takahara,
8A. Mizuta et al.
1Institute of Laser Energetics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871,Japan
2LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau cedex, 91128, France
3Department of Physics, University of York, Helington, YO105DD, UK
4Deaortment of Earth & Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan
5Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology,Ookayama, Japan
6Department of Physics, Hiroshima University, Saijo, Japan
7Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Japan
8Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

29

Supernova Remnant
SN1006 (Newton X‐ray S)

E=1044J

Big difference is
not the energy
But the physics

E=100 J

B. Ripin et al.
Cassam‐Chenai et al.(‘08)

Synch. X‐rays(blue: tracing ~10TeV e‐)30

Model Experiments
Solid Foil
Laser for Imaging(Density,Magnetic Field)

Reflection WallShocks

Solid Foil

Laser toProduce High
Velocity Flow
Solid Foil
31

32

33

What are the relevant atomic processes:

Photoionizationy

Radiative recombinationy

Spontaneous decayyElectron impact excitation andionization

nthe free electrons do not have sufficientenergyDielectronic recombinationn-””-3-body recombination

ndensity too low

Photoelectron impact excitationand ionization

y/ncontribution less than 1%

34

Photoionization⎛ BK ,ς ⎞photoionzations= X 0 nς σ K 0 Fα ⎜⎟3cm ⋅ sT⎝ r ⎠⎛ BK ,ς ⎞absorbed energy= I 0 nς σ K 0Gα ⎜⎟3cm ⋅ sT⎝ r ⎠2 −α∞ y1dyαFα ( x) =x ∫x e y −12ζ (3)y 3−α dyGα ( x) = 4 x ∫x e y −1
π
15

α∞

35

Equation of energy balance
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1) Radiation absorbed from the field during dt;(2) Emission through radiative recombination;(3) Increase of thermal energy;(4) Change in the internal energy.

δ Tesolve forδt36

Rate equations

37

38

Experimental
Data39Experiment Arrangement on Shengang II
Crystal spec.

Pinhole camera 2
Transmission
GratingTarget
Pinhole camera 1
TargetPinhole+ streak camera
Backlighter4 laser beams

4 laser beams

40

Theoretical Model
Detailed term accounting(DTA) model
J. L. Zeng et al. Phys. Rev. E 70 027401(2004);
and references therein.

Flexible Atomic Code (FAC)
M. F. Gu, Astrophys. J. 597, 832(2003).

Line Profile

Voigt Profile

Natural, Doppler(0.2eV), Stark, andAutoionization resonance (~0.3eV)+ Instrumental (0.89eV)

See Poster 8HE91 by Yutong Li et al.

41• Rate equation– To describe the change of atom number oflevel (i,l) with time.
– In unit time, the change of atom number oflevel (i,l) is equal to the arrived atoms
minus left atoms.

dNil= + IN …From other levels to (i,l) leveldt- OUT …From (i,l) level to others= − N il R ( PI + EII )l ,i →l +1,1 + N1l +1S ( RR + E 3 R )l +1,1→l ,i + ∑ ( Aki + Bki uhν + Rki( EIDE )l ,k →i ) N kl
k >i− N il ∑ ( Bik uhν + Rik( EIE )l ,i →k ) − N il ∑ ( Aik + Bik uhν + Rik( EIDE ) l ,i →k )k >ik <i+ ∑ ( Bki uhν + Rki( EIE )l ,k →i ) N kl + ∑ Rk( PI + EII )l −1,k →l ,1 N kl −1δ l ,1 − N1lδ l ,1 ∑ S k( RR + E 3 R )l ,1→l −1, kk <ikk42

X‐ray from Companion Star of Cyg X‐3
Photo-ionization by X-rays
from BH

Chandra Observation

F. Paerels, et al., Astrophys. J. 533, L135 (2000).
43

阪大の新センターの理念＝全国共同利用、学術融合型＝
原子物理・光科学
実験室宇宙物理高速点火の学術

極限物性
放射光・粒子源
レーザー加速プラズマ物理

阪大
阪大
レーザー研
レーザー研

新しい学術

核融合科学
地球・惑星物理
天文・宇宙物理
核物理・素粒子物理国際拠点
Fast Ignition (米GA)Lab. Astro.(中IOP)
Joint Exp’s (米、英、独、中、仏）44