JSCE Newsletter

significance and the basic concepts lying behindthe provision of social overhead capital, taking inopinions of many civil engineers as well as those ofthe panelists. The Declaration has been officiallyapproved in the 4th Board of Directors Meeting inNovember 2000.
The International Activities Committee
hosted the following events, which were joined byPresident Suzuki and President-elect Prof. Tambo,
along with participants from Korean Society ofCivil Engineers (KSCE), Chinese Institute of Civiland Hydraulic Engineering (CICHE) and The
Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES).
Presidents of Korea and Taiwan Sections of JSCE
attended the 1st International Section Meeting.
Opinions were exchanged among the visiting
institutions/societies regarding problems ofcommon interest. Various opinions were expressed,resulting in a very productive discussion.

Annual Conference of JSCE in
Sendai, 2000

From left, Mr. Kim (President, KSCE), Mrs. Kim,
Mrs. Hwang, Dr. Hwang (President, JSCE Korea
Section), Dr. Chern (President, JSCE TaiwanSection), Dr. Li (President, CICHE), Ms. Lee (VicePresident, IE, Singapore), Dr. Chang (Supervisor,CICHE)International Events by IAC1st Day (September 21)
・International Lunch
・Panel Discussion on "International Activities ofJSCE" （Coordinator：Prof. Kamon）
・International Dinner
2nd Day (September 22)
・ Roundtable
Meeting"ActivationofCooperative
SocietiesandInstitutes"(Coordinator：Prof. Fujino)・First International Section Meeting
・JSCE Annual Banquet

The 2000 JSCE Annual Conference washeld at Tohoku University, Sendaikita Campus in
Sendai from September 21 to 23. During three days,
6,593 participants gathered from all over Japan andfrom overseas as well for this grand event. TheConference featured special lectures by President
Michio Suzuki and Prof. Yoichi Higuchi ofWaseda University. In addition, it provided various
technical presentations including a total of 3,890
annual academic lecture presentations, 21 issues
presented by the ad hoc committees of JSCE in thepanel discussion, the annual banquet, and thestudent union meeting.
The most remarkable was the “Year2000 Declaration of Sendai on Social Overhead
Capital and Civil Engineering (draft)–Civil
Engineers’ Resolution”, which on this occasion
served to redefine the ideal condition of social
overhead capital provision of Japan today.
Through lively discussions, lights were shed on theNo. 5, March 2001

ASCE 2000 Annual Conference
The ASCE 2000 Conference was held inSeattle, USA from October 18 to 21. President
Suzuki and six other JSCE members participated inthe event. In the International Session, JSCE gave apresentation on “Advanced Japanese Technology –A Preview of CECAR (Civil Engineering
Conference in the Asian Region) 2001 – Tokyo” toattract participants to the 2nd CECAR. The Maglev
model was displayed with cooperation of Central1

JSCE Newsletter

Kim of KSCE, the first among international
members. Prof. Hanamura made a presentation on“Environmentally Friendly Effort on Highways inJapan” at the Round Table Meeting, under the main
topic of “Environmentally Friendly Infrastructure
Development in Asia”. KSCE also introduced its
environmentally friendly efforts in Korea on soil
contamination, garbage disposal, and other related
issues.

CICHE 2000 Annual Conference
ASCE International Session
Japan
RailwayCompanyand
Overseas
Construction Association of Japan in an exhibition
parallel to the Conference, to draw younger
generations to the 2nd CECAR Technical Visit.
International Roundtable provided a discussion on
e-commerce in the Construction Industry, a timely
topic, when global concerns are turned toward IT
revolution. Opinions raised in the discussion havebeen summarized in the ASCE website. TheJapanese traditional calligraphy was a great
attraction for Westerners in the International Gala.
Meeting with Public Construction Commission inTaiwan

KSCE 2000 Annual Conference

The CICHE 2000 Annual Conference washeld in Taipei on December 2. President Suzuki
and two other JSCE members participated in thisevent. Prior to the Annual Conference, an opinion
exchange took place with the Public Construction
Commission on the execution system for publicworks and other topics of interest. TheInternational Roundtable was one of the programs
in which ASCE members joined for a livelydiscussion.
JSCEInternational
Activities
Committee presented its views on how JSCE may
provide useful information to societies andinstitutions abroad, in time when bilateral
cooperation is being transformed into such
multilateral council like ACECC.

KSCE International Roundtable Meeting(President Suzuki, JSCE ＆ President Kim, KSCE)
The Korean Society of Civil Engineers
warmly welcomed President Suzuki, and two other
JSCE members at the KSCE 2000 Annual
Conference held from October 27 to 28 in
Yongpyong Resort, Korea. The opening ceremony
and the plenary session were held on October 27.
President Suzuki made a brief speech as anhonorable guest at the Banquet in the evening ofOctober 27, representing the sole participatinginternational society.
On October 28, President Suzuki
conferred a JSCE Fellow Membership on President
No. 5, March 2001

JSCE Technical Committee NewsHydraulics Committee
1. Activities of the Committee
The original purpose of the committee
was to edit a handbook of hydraulics, but from1956 onwards, the range of the committee's
activities extended considerably. Starting withhydrology, various specialist subcommittees wereformed; since 1988, three permanent research2

JSCE Newsletter

subcommittees in Fundamental Hydraulics,
Environmental Hydraulics, and Hydrology, havebeen entrusted with organizing cooperative
investigations and reviews on various topics. In
1998, the fourth such subcommittee wasestablished to coordinate activities related to River
Engineering. In addition, the committee hasorganized a subcommittee to provide technologicalguidance for development and management ofdomestic rivers, and temporary teams to survey
flood-sediment disasters, both domestic andoverseas.
Frequent conferences and workshops havebeen organized: annual conferences on hydraulics,
annual summer workshops (in cooperation with thecoastal engineering committee), annual fluvial
disaster symposia, Association for Global
Environmental Hydraulic Research (AGEHR)
symposia and annual water symposia.

3. International Activities
The committee actively interacts withinternational professional societies in the areas offluid dynamics and water resources. Notably strongis the connection with the Delft-based International
Association of Hydraulic Engineering andResearch (IAHR) as well as with the International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS).

2. Publications
a. Handbook of Hydraulics:
From 1956 onwards, revision of thehydraulics handbook was entrusted to a
subcommittee that has produced six revisions ofthe handbook, the most recent in 1999, along withtwo versions of a complementary edition ofpractical examples. The third edition of worked
examples will be published soon.

Prof. S. Ikeda, Chair, Hydraulics Committee(Dr. Syunsuke Ikeda is a Professor at theDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology. His major research areas are
sedimentation, ecological hydraulics and rivermechanics. He is currently organizing the UKJapan Joint Research on Flow and SedimentTransport in Two-stage Channels and the 2nd IAHR
Symposium on River, Coastal and Estuarine
Morphodynamics to be held in Obihiro in
September, 2001.)

b. Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering:
Starting from a small collection with only
22 papers in 1956, the annual hydraulics
conference has met 44 times as of 2000; received
contributions now number over 200 and are being
published in the JSCE Journal of HydraulicEngineering. Prizes for outstanding papers byyoung researchers as well as for the mostoutstanding paper have been established.

Advanced Shield Tunneling
Methods in Japan
In Japan, most of the mega-cities arelocated in coastal areas, where many undergroundstructures, such as subways, utilities andexpressway tunnels, are being constructed in soft
and water bearing soil layers. The shield tunnelingmethod has been utilized extensively and finetuned to safely construct tunnels of various sizes
and sections in variable soil conditions or very
congested underground without affecting thesurface conditions and existing structures. This
article highlights some of the most advanced shieldtunneling technologies.

c. Texts of Annual Summer Workshops:
Starting in July 1964, annual summer
workshops have been held for the benefit of young
researchers and technologists. Two four-day
courses are offered, one on river and dam
engineering, the other on coastal and harborengineering. The course texts are sold inconsiderable numbers even to non-attendees.
d. Journal of Hydroscience and HydraulicEngineering (JHHE):
Starting in April 1983, this biannual
English-language
journalhaspublishedoutstanding research works from Japan andoverseas, and now enjoys a considerable
international reputation.

No. 5, March 2001

Non-Circular Tunnel Sections
In urban areas, where a conventional
circular section tunnel would be impossible due to3

JSCE Newsletter

Multi-Micro Shield Machine
DPLEX Shield Machine

Shield Machine for MSD Method(Penetrating ring is extended for coupling)

Wagging Cutter Shield Machine

The Multi-Circular Face Shield Method has beendeveloped and used to construct a wide rectangulartunnel for a subway station in Osaka Business Park
(17.3-m wide x 7.8-m high).
The Multi-Micro Shield Tunneling(MMST) Method has gone through practical test
construction at Trans-Kawasaki Route ofMetropolitan Expressway. This project is toconstruct approximately 15-m wide and 14-m hightunnel sections by utilizing a combination of small
diameter shield machines.

Multi-Circular Face Shield Machine

Dealing with Lack of Land Space forArrival Shaftsconstraints from existing structures, a non-circulartunnel section is often a solution. The method
developed to achieve this is the DPLEX Shield
Method. Groups of cutters rotate with eccentricity
along the perimeter of the shield face to excavatetunnels with an oval or rectangular shape. The
Wagging Cutter Method with a pair of reciprocallyrotating cutters is another way to achieve the same
purpose. A semi-rectangular section subway tunnel,
approximately 9-m wide and 6.5-m high, is being
constructed in Kyoto using this method.

In a densely populated area, it is quitedifficult to secure land space for a shield machinearrival shaft in many cases. It is also impractical toconstruct arrival shafts in a water area.
The Mechanical Shield Docking Method(MSD) makes construction of shield tunnelingpossible without shafts. The steel shell of one
shield machine is pushed forward into the othermachine coming from the opposite direction andthe two machines can be coupled mechanically.

No. 5, March 20014

JSCE Newsletter

During Excavation

Segment

Rubber Ring
Receiving
Chamber

Penetrating Ring
Skin PlateThrust JackThrust Jack

<Receiving Shield Machine>
After Coupled

Extensible
CutterSegment<Penetrating Shield Machine>

Pull in Cutter

Slide Cutter

Slide Cutter

Thrust Penetrating Ring

Coupling Shield Machines by MSD Method

Very Large Diameter and Very Deep
Tunnels
Tunnels with very large diameter in morethan 10-m have been accomplished using thesemethods. The 9.4-km long Trans-Tokyo Bay
Tunnel completed in 1997 utilized shield machinesof 14.14-m in diameter. The Metropolitan Area
Outer Discharge Channel Tunnel employing
approximately 12-m diameter shield machines iscurrently under construction. The shafts for thisproject are as deep as 69-m to 74-m below grade.

Nagoya CityNagoya

Natural Disasters in Japan:
Flooding in Tokai District andEarthquake in Tottori Prefecture

Accumulated Precipitation for September 11 and12, 2000 (in mm) near Nagoya

On September 11 and 12, 2000, TokaiDistrict (Nagoya and the surrounding area)
experienced an unusually heavy rainfall caused bya typhoon. The accumulated precipitation reachedas much as 600-mm in some areas. It was 1.2 times
as much the normal precipitation for an entire
month of September.
The damages included inundation ofbuildings, failure of revetments, landslides, debris,and mudflows. About 78,000 houses wereinundated. Flooding of this scale had not occurredNo. 5, March 2001

for the last 18 years in Japan. The Shinkansen(Bullet) trains were stopped for 24 hours becauseof the continuous heavy rainfall, and over 50,000
passengers had to spend a night in the strandedtrains. It was the longest stoppage since theopening of Shinkansen system in Japan. The
accumulated precipitation map for September 11and 12 is shown in the figure above.

5JSCE Newsletter

over a large area of western Japan. The seismic
intensity on JMA scale in Kyoto and Kobe was 4,and 3 in Osaka. There were many aftershocks
including those over 800 occurring from October 6
to 8. The strongest aftershock was at M5.4 (JMA)on October 8. Damages include slope failures, sandliquefaction, various building damages, and major
cracks in roadways. An example of road and slope
related damage near the epicenter is shown on theleft.

Trend of IT Revolution in Japan'sConstruction Industry

Earthquake Damages in Tottori Prefecture

Information Technology (IT) is expected
to not only enlarge the market scale of IT industry
itself and bring about economic effects on otherindustries, but also to provide a greater
enhancement in productivity and management
efficiency. The Japanese Government has recently

In the afternoon of October 6, 2000, avery strong earthquake (M7.3 JMA) occurred in
Tottori Prefecture in western Japan. About 100
people were injured, but there were no fatalities.
The maximum seismic intensity measured on JMA
scale was 6+ at the epicenter. The quake was felt

Utilization of IT in Transportation System
No. 5, March 2001

6

JSCE Newsletter

Utilization of IT in Watershed Management
communication system of ETC, has obtained theapproval of international standard from theInternational Telecommunications Union (ITU).

been promoting active utilization of IT in every
sector for attaining sustainable economic growth.
In line with the directives of theGovernment, vigorous efforts to introduce IT into
practice have also begun in Japanese constructionindustry. This includes not only the implementationof CALS/EC programs aiming at starting electronic
procurement in public works but also a change of
public works administration from hardware(equipment and facilities) to software.
IT indeed can play a very important rolein various fields of the construction industry,including efficient and effective maintenance ofroads, rivers, and sewerage systems with the helpof optical fibers, emergency management andenvironmental management utilizing Geographic
Information Systems (GIS), etc. IT can also bevery much instrumental in Public Involvement (PI)for public works projects such as collecting
opinions from citizens through the Internet during
the planning phase of an urban development masterplan. Especially, IT can efficiently be applied in
improvement of road functions, which helps build
a highly efficient physical distribution systemamidst today's international competition. Today,
nations around the world are attempting to develop
and refine the Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) as shown in the figure. Marching hand inhand with other developed nations, Japan is also
striving to employ various advanced IT systems,
such as the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
system in highway infrastructures. The radio

No. 5, March 2001

Memoirs of Study Tour to Japan by
Ms. Lee Bee Wah (Vice President,Institution of Engineers, Singapore)

With Mr. Miyoshi on left and Mr. Matsuo on right
I was overjoyed, when I was given theannual study tour grant by Japan Society of Civil
Engineers (JSCE) in the beginning of this year. It
was my first trip ever to Japan. I would like to takethis opportunity to thank JSCE for its generosity ofgiving me this annual study grant.

7JSCE Newsletter

I quickly scheduled my trip, at first, trying
to coincide with the school holidays in Singapore(so that I could bring along my family members).
Then, it was re-scheduled due to my commitmentsback home. Finally, I made my trip to coincidewith the JSCE International Conference. Thedecision made was correct because it gave me theopportunity to meet with the JSCE representatives
from Korea and Taiwan as well. The exchange wasindeed very beneficial as the Institution ofEngineers, Singapore is also outward looking andwould like to learn from other similar organizations.
Upon arriving in Japan, I wasoverwhelmed by the hospitality rendered by all theofficials from JSCE and the organizations I visited.
My study trip went on very smoothly and it was
really an eye opener for me. Along the way, I madequite a lot of friends and I hope that in future we
could meet again.
The writing of my report on the study tour
is in progress. I hope to submit my report very soon
and any feedback from your members would behighly appreciated. Once again, I would like toexpress my gratitude to JSCE. Your study tour
grant is highly commended and I would
recommend other civil engineers to vie for thisstudy grant.

2000, December 2000, Total 430 Pages: Price
US$ 250 (4 issues) ISSN 0578-5634
Concrete Library International, No. 35, JSCE,December 2000, 307 Pages: Price Yen 2,625(US$ 35) ISSN 0913-4913
Journal of HydroscienceandHydraulicEngineering, Vol. 18, No. 2, JSCE, 2000, 178
Pages: Price Yen 3,150 (US$ 41) ISSN 0912-2508
Journal of Global Environment Engineering, Vol. 6,
JSCE, September 2000, 116 Pages: Price Yen
6,000 (US$ 75) ISSN 1341-1268
Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering,Vol. 17, No. 2, JSCE, October 2000, 124 Pages:Price Yen 2,039 (US$ 27) ISSN 0289-8063

For all orders, contact:
MARUZEN Co. Ltd.
Export Department
P.O. Box 5050
Tokyo 100-3199
JapanFax: +81-3-3278-9256
E-mail: k_itoh@maruzen.co.jp
Send
yourcomments,suggestions
contributions to: iad@jsce.or.jp

English Graduate Program at
Hokkaido UniversityandJSCE Website: http://www.jsce.or.jp/e/index.html
Hokkaido University is the most recent
University to offer a graduate engineering programin English. The English Graduate Program in
Socio-Environmental Engineering (EGPSEE) wasestablished in 1999 and enrolled its first batch ofstudents in October 2000. For further information,
visit the homepage:
http://www.civil.hokudai.ac.jp/egpsee/index.htm

Editorial Board:
Chief editor:
Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi (Saitama University)
Editors:
Kaneko Iuchi (Pacific Consultants International)
Jun Nobuto (Shimizu Corporation)
Katsumasa Ohori (CTI Engineering Co., Ltd.)
Takefumi Takuma (Kajima Corporation)
Bimal B. Adhikary (Saitama University)

Or write to:
EGPSEE
Graduate School of Engineering
Hokkaido University
Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
Fax: 81-11-7067291
E-mail: egpsee@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

Book Review
ARTICLES (From July 2000 to December 2000)
Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. 42, No. 3, No. 4,
World Scientific Publishing Co., Ltd., September

No. 5, March 20018