Aims and Scope
The aim of this international journal is to accelerate progress in laboratory animal experimentation and disseminate
relevant information in related areas through publication of peer reviewed Original papers and Review articles. The
journal covers basic to applied biomedical research centering around use of experimental animals and also covers topics related to experimental animals such as technology, management, and animal welfare.

NOTES FOR AUTHORS3) The first page should include an indication of either
Original paper or Review article, title, running head,authors’ names and addresses with the postal code of theinstitution where the work was done. The corresponding author, his/her address and e-mail address should beadded. The running head not exceeding 40 letters should
be presented in capital letters.
4) The second page should contain an abstract (240 wordsor less) and key words (5 or less in alphabetical order).
5) The contents of papers on and after the third page ofOriginal papers should in principle follow the order
described above.
6) Proper nouns should begin with a capital letter. The scientific names of animals, plants and microorganisms
must be written in italics or underlined.
7) In the paper, Arabic numerals should be used for quantitation. Metric units should conform to The International
System of Units (SI) (e.g., m, mm, µm, nm, l, ml, µl, kg,g, mg, µg, ng, pg, h, min, s, °C, rpm, Hz, Bz, %, ppm,
pH, J, lx, and dB).
8) Abbreviations, except metric units and those listed
below, should be written in parentheses after the fullterm at their first appearance in the paper: CD, cDNA,DNA, ELISA, Ig, IL, ip, mRNA, no., PBS, PCR, RTPCR, RNA, SPF, SD, SE, SEM.
9) References are listed at the end of the manuscript andnumbered in the order that they appear in the text. Inthe text, cite the reference number in square brackets,e.g. [1, 3–5, 7]. Do not include citations in abstracts.
Experimental Animals uses the reference style referred
to as the “Vancouver” style. If there are more than six
authors, list the first six authors, followed by et al.
Example formats are listed below. Additional examples
are in the ICMJE sample references.
1. Han JS, Sugawara Y, Doi K. Rapid induction of glomerular lipidosis in APA hamsters by streptozotocin.
Int J Exp Path. 1992; 73: 75–84.
2. Takahashi G, Hasegawa S, Fukutomi Y, Harada C,Furugori M, Seki Y, et al. A novel missense mutation of Mip causes semi-dominant cataracts in theNat mouse. Exp Anim. 2017; 66: 271–282.
3. Nakayama A. Rhythm of the body temperature. In:Suda M, Hayaishi O, Nakagawa H, editors. Biorhythm and its mechanisms. Tokyo: Kodansha;
1978. pp. 140–154.
Papers posted at preprint servers (arXiv or bioRxiv)
may also be included in the Reference list, but must be
limited to a minimum. They are listed with appropriate identification information including DOI and a note“preprint: not peer reviewed” in the last line as:
1. Manning S, Torii S, Atkins HM, Imamura Kawasawa Y. Dynamic expression of smRNA from fecal
exosome in disease progression of an inflammatory
bowel disorder mouse model. bioRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432648, February 25,
2021, preprint: not peer-reviewed.
6. Tables Authors are requested to prepare their Tables inMicrosoft Excel™ format, one Table per file, with the Table

1. Unpublished Original papers and Review articles related
in principle to laboratory animal science are accepted. Fullpapers and Notes in the previous ‘Notes for Authors’ havebeen unified as Original papers, the style of which should
follow the rules mentioned below. Brief data reports areno longer accepted. Texts must be written in proper English. All the papers are reviewed by the referees. Papers areselected for publication according to editorial assessment of
their suitability and reports from individual referees. Papers
will be rejected if the ethics in the care and use of animals(e.g., the methods for anesthesia and euthanasia of animals)
have not been clearly stated in the text. (See “Guidelinesfor Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments”; http://www.
scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/kohyo-20-k16-2e.pdf)
2. Papers must be submitted through the electronic submission
system ScholarOne Manuscripts™, http://mc.
manuscriptcentral.com/ea, (hereafter referred to as SM).
Any papers and inquiries in writing will not be accepted.
3. Papers should be sectioned into: a) Text (Main document),b) Tables, c) Figure legends and Figures, and d) Abstract inJapanese (if applicable; Item 10), then submitted electronically through SM.
4. Naming of the files for submission‘Author’ should be the family name of the first author.
1) Text (Main document): Author.doc
2) Figures: Author_Fig1.tiff (Please use the file extension
appropriate to the file type.)
3) Tables: Author_Table1.xls
4) Abstract written in Japanese: Author_Abst_J.pdf
5) Cover letter: Author_cov.doc
Note: Numbers of Figures and Tables should be presented
in this letter. This document will be separately uploaded as
directed by SM.
Note: The size of all files for submission should not exceed
20 MB.
5. Text (Main document) This file should contain the Title/
Cover page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods,Results, Discussion (the Results and Discussion sections
can be combined), Acknowledgments, References and Figure Legends. Authors are recommended to compile this filein Microsoft Word™ using only standard fonts: e.g. Century, Helvetica, Symbol and Times New Roman. The Main
document should be prepared as indicated below.
1) Lines of text should be double spaced (ca. 24–26 linageper page) on A4 pages with adequate margin spaces on
the four sides. The text should be paginated and all lines
should be numbered consecutively in the left margin.
2) In the top of the first page of Text (Main document),
one of the following categories should be notified
as the special field of the paper: Anatomy, Animal
breeding, Animal welfare, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Bioresource, Environments, Equipment, Ethology,Experimental methods, Genetic engineering, Genetics,Histology, Hygiene, Immunology, Management, Model animals, Nomenclature of gene and strain, Nutrition,
Parasitology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology,
Reproduction, Reproductive engineering, Toxicology,
Virology.

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appearing in “Sheet1” of each file. On Tables, no verticalline should be used and each term or phrase should begin
with a capital letter. Any explanation essential to the understanding of the Table should be given as a footnote at thebottom of the Table. Reference to the footnote should bedesignated by symbols in the order a), b), c).
Figures One image file should be submitted for each figure. Acceptable formats are: EPS, JPEG, PPT and TIFF.
Photographs should only be submitted in JPEG or TIFF formats. Please do not use PDF files for figures. Authors arereminded that Figure Legends should be included in theText file (see above). Submitted figures will be automatically rendered by SM into PDF files, and authors are requested
to check the quality of these PDF images generated by SM.
Figures will appear in the print edition with a width of 77mm or 160 mm, and we require a resolution of 1,200 dpi
for black and white figures, and 350 dpi for grayscale orcolor figures at these widths. Authors are requested torefrain from submitting blurred or undersize images.
Color figures in PDF files will be displayed in RGB (red,green, blue: LCD/CRT monitors) mode for the editorial
review process, and on J-Stage.
For micrographs, authors should include a bar on the photograph and give its equivalent size in the legend. All theFigures should be numbered in consecutive order.
Supplementary data Supplementary data are also accepted. Supplementary data are image data including Figures,Tables, Text (bmp, gif, jpeg, jpg, tiff, rgb, xbm, xwd, andpdf formats) and Video (mpeg, mpg, mpe, qt, mov, avi,movie, igs, iges, msh, mesh, silo, wrl, vrml, and wmv
formats) with their legends. When authors submit supplementary data, careful proof-reading is recommended. No
corrections are acceptable after acceptance of the paper. As
supplementary electronic data, J-Stage can accept and makeavailable to the public (or readers) 5 files at most, each ofwhich cannot exceed 80 MB. However, when submitted toSM, the submitted files cannot exceed 20 MB in total. No
video files can be accepted in a submission because SM is
not equipped for video reproduction and video files often
exceed the limit of 20 MB. For the review process of a submitted paper(s), authors should tentatively prepare a shareddisc that is accessible through the internet, store the file(s),and display the URL(s) in the text as ‘Supplementary data—
video files’. The same procedure is required when morethan 20 MB in files are submitted as supplementary data.
After acceptance of the paper, video files (up to 80 MB) will
also be incorporated into J-Stage as supplementary data.
Deposition of sequences and of expression data New
sequence information must be deposited to the appropriate database prior to submission of the manuscript. All
sequence names and the accession numbers provided by thedatabases should be described in the Materials and Methods
section of the manuscript.
Abstract in Japanese If one or more of the authors isJapanese, an abstract written in Japanese (600 letters, asa summary) should also be submitted. This file should besubmitted in PDF format. It should include the Japanese
title and Japanese names of authors and institutions where
the work was done.
The length of papers, including Tables, Figures and anyother appendices, should not exceed 12 printed pages. One
printed page containing no title, tables, or figures may contain around 850 words.
Publication is in principle in the order of acceptance afterrefereeing.
The author will be charged the following expenses. Thesecharges should be paid by bank transfer or credit card
before publication.
1) Revising English language when the Editorial Board
regards it necessary.
2) ¥120,000 per one manuscript.

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3) Tracing charge when the Editorial Board regards it necessary.
4) Non-member charge. The first author will be charged¥20,000 for publication unless he/she is a member of
the Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science.
The journal is to be issued quarterly in January, April, Julyand October.
All charges to authors (See Item 13) should be paid byinternational money order or by check payable to the “Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science”.
The copyright for articles appearing in Experimental Animals is held by the Japanese Association for Laboratory
Animal Science.
Prohibition of dual submission Dual submissions arestrictly prohibited. To preclude dual submissions, corresponding author(s) must state that no dual submission has
been made in a cover letter with the author(s)’ signature(s).
No submission will be accepted without a cover letter. If
evidence of a dual submission is found, the Editor-in-Chief
has the right to immediately withdraw the paper without
giving any notice to the authors; the Editor-in-Chief will
also publish evidence of the dual submission with autonymin Experimental Animals. Deposition of manuscripts withpreprint servers does not impact consideration of the manuscripts at Experimental Animals.
Copy protection in making PDF files for articles has beenabandoned, but JALAS still maintains the copyrights of all
published in ‘Experimental Animals’.
PDF files containing the full contents of Original paper or
Review articles will be uploaded to the J-Stage as early as
the time of acceptance.
A photograph associated with the best papers in each issue
can be displayed on the ‘Journal Cover’.
When any NBRP (National BioResource Project in Japan)
bioresources are used, the ID numbers and/or institution
names should be included in the paper.
The authors are strongly encouraged to share materials usedin the experiment with qualified researches after publication, either through the author's laboratories or depositing
in appropriate repositories such as core facilities of National BioResource Project (NBRP) of Japan.
Last revised on October 1, 2023

Notice about photocopying
In order to photocopy any work from this publication, you oryour organization must obtain permission from the following
organization which has been delegated for copyright forclearance by the copyright owner of this publication.
Except in the USA
Japan Academic Association for Copyright Clearance,Inc. (JAACC)
6-41 Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan
TEL: 81-3-3475-5618 FAX: 81-3-3475-5619
E-mail: info@jaacc.jp
In the USA
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
222 Rosewood Drive
Danvers, MA 01923, USA
Phone: (978) 750-8400 Fax: (978) 646-8600
www.copyright.com

Experimental Animals is available online.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/expanim
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/expanim/-char/ja/ (in Japanese)iiThe Guidelines of International Nomenclature
4. Genes, Genetic Markers, Alleles, and Mutations

The information of animals, strains, genes, etc, appearing inpapers submitted to the official journal Experimental Animals,
should be given according to the rules and guidelines ofinternational nomenclature. For this reason, authors are required to
implement the nomenclature. The editorial board advises authors
to refer to the information below, when preparing a manuscript for
submission to Experimental Animals for publication.
The current nomenclature applied to mice and rats follows
the rules and guidelines established by the International
Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. Thisnomenclature will be applied to other experimental animals, too.

Scientific and formal names of genes and proteins should befound in Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and Rat Genome
Database (RGD).
MGI home page: http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/gene.shtml
RGD home page: http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/nomen.
shtml#StrainNomenclature

5. Laboratory code (Lab code)

A Laboratory Code is a code of usually one to four letters(first letter is upper case, followed by lower case letters), that
identifies a particular institute, laboratory, or investigator that
produced, and may hold stocks of a DNA marker, an animalstrain, or a mutation. Laboratory codes are also used innaming chromosomal aberrations and transgenes.
Examples:(1) C3H/HeH: Mouse substrain derived at Harwell (H)from the Heston (He) substrain of C3H(2) D8Mit17: A DNA segment that has the 17th locus
mapped to mouse Chromosome 8 by MITInstitute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR)
Home page for search: http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarhome/search_lc.php
Home page for registry: http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarhome/register_lc.php

1. Scientific name of experimental animals

The scientific name of animals used in animal experimentations
should be given.
Examples:a. Mouse: Mus musculus musculusb. Rat: Rattus norvegicus

2. Breeder’s name or Institute’s name

The official title of the Breeder or Institute from which theexperimental animals originated or were purchased should begiven.
a. Use of “in-house” or “domestic”, is recommended, if theanimals originate from the author’s animal facility.
b. The official title should be referenced from the home pageor brochure (pamphlet) issued by the Breeder or Institute.

6. Miscellaneous

3. Strain name(1) Full translations and comprehensive explanations ofnomenclatures translated to Japanese are available at thefollowing address.
http://cardb.cc.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/transgenic/index.jsp(2) “Godfather” as a naming tool is available at the following
address for learning nomenclatures.
http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/tools/godfather/index.
jsp?lang=japanese(1) Names of strains distributed by commercial breeders
should be referenced from the Breeder’s home page orbrochure (pamphlet).
(2) Names of newly bred strains should be given according
to international nomenclature and international index ofexperimental animals.
Home page of Rules and Guidelines for Nomenclature ofMouse and Rat Strains:
http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/strains.
shtml
http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/nomen.shtml#Strain
Nomenclature
Home page of the Index of Major Mouse Strains:
http://www.informatics.jax.org/external/festing/mouse/
STRAINS.shtml
Home page of the Index of Major Rat Strains:
http://www.informatics.jax.org/external/festing/rat/
STRAINS.shtml
http://rgd.mcw.edu/strains/Note

The implementation of the nomenclature is carried out at thefollowing databases, MGD (Mouse Genome Database), IMSR
(International Mouse Strain Resources), CARD (Center forAnimal Resource and Development at Kumamoto University),
BRC (RIKEN BioResource Center), EMMA (European Mouse
Mutant Archive), RGD (Rat Genome Database) and NBRP-Rat(National Bio Resource Project for the Rat) through each Genetic
Nomenclature Committee.

Policy on Animal Experimentation
Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science (November 1, 2007)
to the internationally accepted “3R” (Replacement, Reduction,and Refinement) principle in accordance with the Fundamental
Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiment andRelated Activities compiled by the related ministries as wellas the Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments
stipulated by the Science Council of Japan.
JALAS began raising the awareness of its members as to theimportance of laboratory animal welfare by promulgating theGuidelines for Animal Experimentation in 1987 and publishing ahandbook for the Guidelines. JALAS will remain committed tothe promotion of the proper conduct of animal experimentation
under voluntary management in Japan.

The Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science(JALAS) was established for the purpose of advancing laboratory
animal science and related areas through the promotion ofbasic and applied research and the dissemination of relevant
information concerning laboratory animals, thereby contributing
to the development of science in Japan.
Animal experimentation is an essential part of research,education and testing in such fields as medicine and the life
sciences. JALAS members should comply with the Law for theHumane Treatment and Management of Animals as well as theStandards Relating to the Care and Management of Laboratory
Animals and Relief of Pain. Furthermore, they should conformiii