AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

International Collaboration on Space Weather Forecast

S1-8
Space Weather Activity at KMITL and Its
Research Networks in Thailand
Pornchai Supnithi1 , Prasert Kenpankho1, Tharadol Komolmis2，Mamoru Ishii3
1Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand

Chiangmai University, Thailand
3National Institute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT), Japan

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Overview• Founded in 1961
• Faculty members: ~1,000• Student body: ~24,000• Research university in Thailand• Emphasis: Science, Engineering,ICT, Education and Architecture

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Location
BangkokcenterHighway

Trainstation KMITLGISTDA

Internationalairport

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Space and Atmospheric Communication
and Informatics Research Group
Members: 5
Students: 7
Assoc. Prof.
Pornchai Supnithi

Asst. Prof.
Prasert Kenpankho

Assoc. Prof. Punyawee

SurachaiPimsaleeAsst. Prof.
Tulaya Limpiti

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Current Research Activities
Main theme

Ionospheric andGNSS Data Center
Monitoring

Research
Targets

Applications

2-D map
Thailand, ASEAN
SHM model NN model

Ionospheric Study in the
Equatorial Region
foF2, h’F, foE, Spread F
Sporadic E, etc.
TEC analysis
Scintillation
Plasma Bubble study

Monitoring

Slant Delay gradientanalysis

Improved IRI model

DisasterPrediction model

Satellite Communication

Capacity-Building

Aeronautical Navigation

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Near-Future Research Targets in SW
Main theme

ResearchActivity

Ionospheric and
GNSS Data Center

Ionospheric Study in the
Equatorial Region

Set up stations in
Laos/Cambodia

foF2, h’F, foE, Spread F
Sporadic E, etc.

Link more stations

TEC analysis using Beidoudata

2-D map
Thailand, ASEAN

Scintillation

SHM model NN model

Plasma Bubble study
Slant Delay gradientanalysis

CubeSat ProjectApplications

Ionospheric signature
related to plasma
bubble, ionosphericstorm, earthqueake

Capacity-Building
GBAS experiments for
Aeronautical Navigation

6

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

What kinds of data do you want? Whicharea? How often? For what?
• GNSS data (1-sec)– equatorial and low-latitude stations– Arctic or Antartica stations• Ionosonde/Digisonde data
– equatorial and low-latitude stations– Arctic or Antartica stations• Scintillation data

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

data name

Observing Period （start toend）

ObjectInstrument

Location of
instrument

projectname

BangkokPhuketChumphon
Chiangmai
Nongkhai
SukhothaiPhimaiBangkok
Chumphon
PhuketChiangmai
Bangkok
Chumphon
ChumphonKMITL
SEALIONSEALIONSEALION
CU, Kyto
CU, Kyoto
CU, Kyoto
SEALIONSEALIONSEALIONSEALIONENRI
SEALIONSEALION

temp
resol
ution

frequency of data

GPS
Magnetometer
ionogram/image dataionogram/image data
GPS (Nongkhai)
GPS(Sukhothai)GPS(Phimai)GPS data
GPS data
GPS data
GPS data
GPS data
foE data (CPN)
foEs data (CPN)2012DEC-2013MAR
2003-2014
2004-2014
200820092003200820042004200420092004-2012
2004-2012

Novatelgsm19fd (Canada)
ionosphere ionosphereionosphere ionosphereionosphere Trimble
ionosphere Trimble
ionosphere Topcon
ionosphere Topcon
ionosphere Topcon
ionosphere Topcon
ionosphere Topcon
ionosphere Novatel
ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde
ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde

foF2 data (CPN)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chumphon

SEALION

foF2 data (CMG)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde ChiangmaiSEALIONMUF data (CPN)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chumphon

SEALIONMUF data(CMG)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chiangmai

SEALIONh'F data (CPN)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chumphon

SEALIONh'F data (CMG)

2004-2010

ionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chiangmai

SEALIONionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chumphon

SEALIONobtained = 5 min,created = 15 minionosphere FM/CW ionosonde Chiangmai

SEALIONobtained = 5 min,created = 15 min8

Spread F data (CPN)
Spread F data (CMG)

2004SEP-2005AUG
2008SEP-2009APR
MAR&APR2006-2013
2004SEP-2005AUG
2008SEP-2009APR
MAR&APR2006-2013

5 sec
5 min
5 min
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 sec
1 hour
1 hourobtained = 5 min,created = 15 min
obtained = 5 min,created = 15 min
obtained = 5 min,created = 15 min
obtained = 5 min,created = 15 min
obtained = 5 min,created = 15 min
obtained = 5 min,created = 15 min

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

What kinds of technique do you wantto learn?
• 3-D mapping• Satellite data analysis (COSMIC, etc.)• Incoherent scatter radar analysis• TEC analysis related to earthquake• Cloud computing/Data Analytics• Space Weather Operation CenterManagement9

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Current Partners• Japan: Nagoya University, Kyoto university• Japan: NICT, ENRI, JAXA
• Thailand: AIT, Chulalongkorn University, Chiangmai Unviersity,
Mahidol University, Khon Kaen University• Thailand: National Science and Technology Development
Agency (NSTDA), Geo-Informatic and Space Technology
Development Agency (GISTDA), Ministry of Digital Economy,
Aeronautical Radio of Thailand (AeroThai), ThaiCom10AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Which countries/institutes do you want tocollaborate with?
• CAS, China• APSCO, AOSWA, IRI Working Group• ASEAN countries• India• Institute with facilities at Arctic/Antartica
areas• Peru, Brazil, Argentina• All countries
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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Chumphon Ionosphere Station

Ionogram

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

MUF

No Spread-F

With Spread-F

SpreadF

With Sporadic-E

Sporadi13c-E

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 201514

Chiang Mai

12

Chumphon

foF2foF2 (MHz)10

Kototabang

864207 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6Local Time400

Chiang Mai
Chumphon

hmF2

hmF2 (km)350

Kototabang

300

250

200
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6Local Time

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

RSF Occurrence Rate (CPN Station)

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

In general, %RSF occurrence at CPN is higher than KTB and CMU%RSF OccurrenceThis confirms that the plasma bubble is generated around the magnetic equatorand then expand to the higher latitude area.
Chiangmai (CMU)
The %RSF occurrence at CMU is not
2008
2009
over 20% in average.
SEP

JAN

SEP

OCTOCT

FEB

%35%

DEC

APR

10%
LT

APR%35%

LTMAR%20%35%

APR%

LT

NOV%

LT

50%

DEC

10%20%FEB

APR%10%OCT

MAR

DEC%%%

LT

25%

APR

10%

MAR%

APR

DEC
DEC
data
is not available

15%20%

NOV%%%

5%

FEB

NOV
MAR

NOV

OCT%MAR

50%

40%

FEB%NOV

20%%%%

10%

The %RSF is not over 20% in averageat KTB from OCT to JAN and APRSEPJAN
The higher rate occurs
SEPJANin SEP,
FEB and MAR%FEB

The %RSF is not over 20% in average
2008in NOV, DEC, JAN and2009
at CPNSEPJAN FEB
The higher rate mostly occurs
SEPJANduring the equinoctial months
40%
20%%

15%

Kototabang (KTB)%

OCT%%%

20%

JAN

Chumphon (CPN)

20%LTAOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Scintillation Experiment
DIF

Acquisition

Tracking Loop

• Navigation data
• Scintillation

17AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Results1010Signal Intensity

I amplitute

4000

2000

0-2000

-4000

-6000
0101010105101520251030

PRN03

PRN03

115040

1030

9C/No

PRN03
6000

8raw-SIdetrended-SI

720
1006-105051015Time (min)2025-20030

51015Time (min)I-channel amplitude
PRN03

10PRN03

12530

The C/No estimation

The intensity of raw signal and detrended signal

4000

20Time (min)

PRN 0350

3000

Signal Intensity

0-100010101040-1-2-3

30
20
10SI-2000
-3000
1,500

1,501

1,502

1,503

Time (sec)

1,504

1,505

1000-405101520253051015203025Time (min)Time (min)The final signal intensity

The elevation angle
PRN03

1S4-corr
S4-total

0.8

S4 Index

I amplitute

1000

0Elevation Angle

102000

0.6

0.4

0.2

005

1020153025

Time (min)1835

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Location of DPT stations
No Ã∑‘∫ ◊‚•ƒ®£å‘√Õ∆¢”©◊ø‡◊œÃ
2. CHMA
10.UTTD

9.UDON

4. NKSW
3. NKRM
11. DPT9
1. CHAN
5. PJRK

8. SRTN7. SOKA

6.SISK1จันทบุรี3นครราชสี มา5ประจวบคีรีขนั ธ์7สงขลา

9อุดรธานี2เชี ยงใหม่4นครสวรรค์6ศรี สะเกษ8สุ ราษฏร์ ธานี10 อุตรดิตถ์11 กรุ งเทพฯ

GPS Base
StationsStation

Chanthaburi

CHAN

Chiang Mai

CHMANakhon
Ratchasima

NKRM

Prachuap
Khiri Khan

PJRK

Nakhon Sawan
Si Sa KetNKSWSISKSong Khla

SOKA

Udon Thani

UDON

DPT9

DPT9

Surat Thani
Uttaradit

SRTN

UTTD

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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Observed VTEC : T (TECU)

Number of observation :VTEC on 08JUL12 at 09:43:21UTat 11 GPS stations of DPT
Estimated by ASHM and LS
Maximum SH Degree : N = 15
Estimated VTEC : Te(TECU)

dT = Te – T (TECU)

T vs. Te (TECU)

dT = Te – T (TECU)

p = 57

Number of SH coefficients :q = (N+1) 2 = 256

20

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Iono-GNSS Data Center

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Ionospheric delay gradientdSTEC= ( STEC − STEC ) + ( BR1 − BR 2 )kk
1k2

40.3  STEC1k (t ) − STEC2k (t ) ∇I (t ) =2 df 
Ionospheric delay gradient (mm/km)
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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

Ionospheric effects to GBASGNSS Satellites

Plasma bubble
S. Saito 2011.

Ionosphere
AirplaneDifferential correction???

Reference StationThe ICAO has recently realized theimpact of this issue and recommended
each country to investigate ionosphericdelay gradient in that region.

• Plasma bubble frequently occurs in low-latitude
region after sunset , and more occurrence duringhigh solar activity period..
• This phenomena can cause ionospheric delay
gradient and also scintillation, which degrades
the GBAS performance.
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AOSWA 2015, Fukuoka, Japan, 2-5 March, 2015

THANK YOU
Q&A

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