Pressure Treated Wood for Outdoor Structures

Technical DataContents
1. What is “Marvel Wood”?

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2

1.1 Concepts

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2

1.2 Demerit of Wood・・・・・・・・・・・

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4

2.1 Good Appearances

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5

2.2 Environmentally Friendly

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6

2.2.1 Fish toxicity of treated wood・・・・・・・・・・・

6

2.2.2 Leachability test of active ingredient・・・・・・・・・・・

8

2.2.3 Safety tests of wood preservative

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10

2.2.4 Quantitative analysis of gases evolved by combustion

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12・・・・・・・・・・・

14・・・・・・・・・・・

14

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15

2.3.3 Field test with stakes (JIS K 1571)

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16

2.3.4 Field test with Posts

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18

2.3.5 Field test to subterranean termites (JIS K 1571)

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20

2.3.6 Field test to subterranean termites in Okinawa

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22

2.3.7 Corrosion test of metal (JIS K 1571)

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24

2. Performance of “Marvel Wood”

2.3 High Durability
2.3.1 Laboratory test to wood decay fungi (JIS K 1571)
2.3.2 Laboratory test to subterranean termites (JIS K1571)-1-1. What is “Marvel Wood”?
“Marvel wood” is the pressure treated wood having the concepts as “Contributethe environmental conservation” and “Change to the better landscapes”.

1.1 Concepts“Contribute the environmental conservation”
Forests take in Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the growth process, andfix the carbon as the tree. Also, there is a property that the emission of carbon
dioxide when manufacture the wood products is a little compared with metalproducts or concrete products. Therefore, using “Marvel wood” can be the effective
device for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and the measure of global
warming.

“Change to the better landscapes”“Marvel Wood” is same as natural wood
regardingappearance,

touching

andtexture. Therefore, discoloring like thetreated

wood

with

heavy

metal

preservatives is not appeared, nor you
will not feel the strange feeling like theplastic imitation wood. Also, "MarvelWood" can provide the warmth of woodto the around, but the metals or concrete
cannot do that.

-2-1.2 Demerit of Wood
The wood is the superior material having someproperties, but unfortunately having some demerits.
A most demerit when use long-term is the lowdurability.
The wood is the natural resources, so itʼs included in
the food chain. In other words, the wood strength

Wood decay fungi

decrease because of be eaten by wood decay fungus
and termites.
“Marvel Wood” is the treated wood with Japanesewood preservative, and protects the wood from thedeterioration by these creatures.
TermiteWood

preservative

usedin“MarvelWood”

isauthorized by Japan Wood Protection Association aseffective wood preservative. The authorize number is“A-5443”

Impregnation plant

Wood preservative
manufacture plant(Japan)-3-2. Performance of “Marvel Wood”“Marvel Wood” is having three characteristics as follows.

Good Appearances•The appearance, touch and texture are not changed by woodpreservative or impregnate process.
•Includes fungicide, therefore treated wood surface are decreased theblack discolorations caused by mold.

Environmentally Friendly•Not included the heavy metal compounds•Not included the chlorine-based compounds•A overwhelmingly low fish toxicity compared with the conventionaltreated wood.
•The leaching of the active compunds caused by water like rainwater islittle.

High Durability•Regarding the wood decays and termites, as a result of evaluated bylaboratory tests and field tests based on Japanese Industrial Standard,"Marvel Wood" conformed to the performance standard in all tests.
•Also regarding the iron corrosion, "Marvel Wood" conformed to theperformance standard of Japanese Industrial Standard.

-4-2.1 Good Appearances“Marvel Wood” is not influenced the woody appearance, touch and texture by theimpregnate. Therefore, it can make use of the warmly and naturally woodcharacteristics to around landscape.

Deck made of "Marvel Wood"“Marvel Wood” includes the fungicide, therefore the black discolorations caused bymold will be reduced. A below photo is the results of the outdoor weathering test,“Marvel Wood” and Non-treated wood were exposed in one year. “Marvel Wood”
was keeping the appearance of wood, but Non-treated wood had the black
discolorations caused by mold.

Results of the outdoor weathering test in one year
Top︓Marvel Wood
Bottom︓Non-treated wood-5-2.2 Environmentally Friendly
2.2.1 Fish toxicity of treated wood
As a result of fish toxicity test for the treated wood, “Marvel Wood” was low toxicity
compare with some treated wood impregnated the conventional wood preservatives.
Materials and Methods
After acclimated 10 killifishes to 4L dechlorination water in the test tanks, the test
was started by put the treated wood with 3 type wood preservatives written on
table 1 under the test water. The treated wood is Japanese cedar sapwood, thesize of 20mm x 20mm x 10mm, and used three pieces(=total volume 12cm3) eachthe test tanks. The dilution rates of each wood preservatives were adopted therecommended dilution rates for exterior use. The toxicity was assessed with thedead number at the time of an exposure endpoint of 96 hours.
Test Organization
Japan Food Research Laboratories
Results
The test results are given below in Table 1. No dead fish was in the test group of“Marvel Wood”. But, 6 of 10 fishes dead in the test group of the treated wood withthe heavy metal type wood preservative. Also, in the test group of the treatedwood with the conventional organic type wood preservative, all fishes dead. Theseresults suggested that “Marvel Wood” is low toxicity compare with the othertreated wood.

-6-

Table 1: Results of Fish Toxicity test

Marvel Wood

Amount ofTotal volume ofimpregnate

treated wood

(kg/m3)(cm3)Dead / All(number of fish)819

0 / 10843

6 / 10Treated wood withthe heavy metal
type woodpreservative

12

Treated wood withthe conventionalorganic type wood828

10 / 10preservative

Numbers of the Dead killifish after 96h exposure-7-

2.2.2 Leachability test of active ingredient
The active ingredient leachability from the treated wood caused to water wereassessed the leaching test method based on JIS K 1571. The leachability of“Marvel Wood” was very low level compare with the other wood preservatives.
This suggests that “Marvel Wood” is low toxicity and low environmental load.
Materials and Methods
By the quantitative analysis of active ingredients in the leaching liquid after
conducted the leaching operation based on JIS K 1571, the active ingredientleachability from the treated wood caused to water were assessed. After
conducted the leaching operation (Dipping 8 hours under 10 times the volume ofrunning water to the test wood volume) to the treated wood (Japanese cedar
sapwood, the size of 20mm x 20mm x 10mm, 5 pieces) with 3 type woodpreservatives written on table 2, the leaching liquids were collected. Also, eachwood preservatives were impregnated with diluted to the recommended dilution
rates for exterior use. Regarding the quantitative analysis of the leaching liquid,
quaternaryammoniumcompounds

wereanalyzed

byabsorption

spectrophotometry, copper compounds were analyzed by Inductively Coupled
Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry.
Test Organization
Katayama Chemical, Inc.
Results
The test results are given below in Table 2. The leachability of DMPAP as the main
ingredient of “Marvel Wood” was 1.7%. Conversely, the leachabilities of Copperand DDAC as the main ingredients of the conventional wood preservatives wereCopper: 16.8%, DDAC: 23.0%. These leachabilities were high compare withDMPAP.

-8-

Table2: Results of the leachability test
Amount ofimpregnate(kg/m3)
Marvel Wood

822

Analysis

Leachabilityingredient(%)※

DMPAP

1.7

Treated woodwith the heavy
metal type wood

Analysis method
Absorption
spectrophotometry
Inductively Coupled784

Copper16.8

preservative

Plasma - AtomicEmission
Spectrophotometry

Treated woodwith theconventional

824

DDAC

organic type23.0

Absorption
spectrophotometry

wood preservative※Leachability(%)=

Amount of ingredient in the leaching liquid
× 100
Main ingredient amount include in the test pieces calculated from impregnate amount-9-

2.2.3 Safety tests of wood preservative
Regarding the wood preservative impregnated in “Marvel Wood”, the safety wasassessed. The safety tests were conducted to conform to OECD test guidelines.
Materials and Methods
Test items written on the below table 5 were conducted with conform to OECD
test guidelines. The tests were conducted in the test organization comply withGLPTest Organization
CiToxLAB Hungary Ltd.
Results
The test results are given below in Table 3&4.

- 10 -Table3: Results of toxicity tests to humans or animals
Test Items
Acute Oral
Toxicity
Acute Dermal
Toxicity
Acute Inhalation
Toxicity
Acute Eye
Irritation
Acute Skin
Irritation
Skin
Sensitization

Experimental
Animals
RatRatNumberofResults

Animals♀3♂5LD50=300~2000 mg/kg

TestGuideline
OECD423

LD50＞2000 mg/kg

OECD402♂5LC50(4h)OECD403♀5=0.51~1.05 mg/L

(Nose-Only)

Rabbit♂3Eye Irritant

OECD405

Rabbit♂3

Mild Irritant

OECD404

Guinea Pig

20

Non-sensitizer

OECD406

Rat♀5

Table4: Results of toxicity tests to aquatic organism
Test Items

Experimental
Animals

Acute Fish

CommonToxicity

Carp

Acute
Immobilisation

Daphnia

NumberofResults

Animals
720- 11 -LC50(96h)=4.04 mg/L
NOEC(96h)=2.5mg/L
EC50(48h)=3.28 mg/L
NOEC(96h)=2.5mg/L

Test
Guideline
OECD203
OECD2022.2.4 Quantitative analysis of gases evolved by combustion
Regarding 52 gases evolved by combustion, the amounts of each gas generations
between “Marvel Wood” and Non-treated wood were made comparisons. The
results showed that there are hardly any differences of the gases composition
between “Marvel Wood” and Non-treated wood.
Materials and Methods“Marvel Wood” and Non-treated wood (Western hemlock) were burned, and thegeneration gases were collected. The compound quantities in table 5 included ingases were analyzed with using some instrumental analysis methods.
Test Organization
NIPPON STEEL & SUMIKIN TECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd.
Results
The test results are given below in Table 5.

- 12 -Table5: Results of quantitative analysis of gases evolved by combustion
NonCompounds

treatedwood(mg/g)

Non-Treated
woodCompounds(mg/g)

treatedwood(mg/g)

Treatedwood(mg/g)

Carbon monoxide

210210Toluene

0.46

0.46

Carbon dioxide

680

720

Xylene0.48

0.45

Tetrachloroethylene

＜0.02

＜0.02

Styrene

0.17

0.17

Trichloroethylene

＜0.02

＜0.02

Carbon disulfide＜0.001＜0.001

Acrylonitrile

＜0.5

＜0.5

Hydrogen sulfide＜0.001＜0.001

Vinyl chloride monomer

＜0.01

＜0.01

Methyl mercaptan＜0.001＜0.001Chloroform＜0.02＜0.02

Dimethyl sulfide＜0.001＜0.001

1,2-Dichloroethane

＜0.02

＜0.02

Dimethyl disulfide＜0.001＜0.001

Dichloroethane

＜0.01

＜0.01

Benzo[a]pyrene＜0.001＜0.001

1,3-Butadiene

2.1

2.4

Formaldehyde

1.2

1.1

Carbon tetrachloride

＜0.02

＜0.02

Acetaldehyde

1.7

1.7

1,1-Dichloroethene

＜0.01

＜0.01

Acrolein

0.32

0.25

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

＜0.01

＜0.01

Propionaldehyde

0.39

0.41

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

＜0.02

＜0.02

n-Butyraldehyde

0.11

0.10

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

＜0.02

＜0.02

Isobutyraldehyde

＜0.05

＜0.05

1,3-Dichloropropene

＜0.02

＜0.02

n-Valeraldehyde

＜0.1

＜0.1

Chlorobenzene＜0.020.07

Isovaleraldehyde＜0.1＜0.1Methanol

1.81.8

Hydrogen chloride

0.032＜0.001

Pyridine

＜0.01

＜0.01

Hydrogen bromide＜0.001＜0.001

Phenol

＜0.01

＜0.01

Sulfur oxide

＜0.05

＜0.05

Ethylene oxide

＜0.02

0.03

Ammonia

＜0.01

＜0.01

Trimethylamine

＜0.01

＜0.01

Nitrogen oxides

＜0.01

0.03

Isobutyl alcohol＜0.010.01

Hydrogen cyanide

0.007

0.018

Ethyl acetate

0.06

0.07

Phosgene＜0.1＜0.1

Methyl isobutyl ketone＜0.01＜0.01Benzene

1.1

1.2

＜0.01

＜0.01

＜0.005＜0.005Chloromethyl methylether

Organophosphorus
compound- 13 -2.3 High Durability
2.3.1 Laboratory test to wood decay fungi (JIS K 1571)
A resistance of “Marvel Wood” to wood decay fungi was evaluated with the laboratory
test in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. The results showed that a
resistance ability of “Marvel Wood” to wood decay conformed to the performancestandard.
Materials and Methods
This test had been performed in accordance with the standard, JIS K 1571.
Test Organization
Katayama Chemical, Inc.
Results
The test results are given below in Table 6. “Marvel Wood” was under 3% concerning
the weight decrease rates and conformed to the performance standard in JIS K 1571.
Table6: Results of the laboratory test for evaluate resistance to wood decay fungi.
Experimental fungus
Marvel Wood
Non-treated Wood

Weight decrease rates (%)
AverageStandard deviation

Fomitopsis palustris

－1.4

0.0

Trametes versicolor

－1.3

0.1

Fomitopsis palustris

54.8

6.0

Trametes versicolor

49.0

4.5

- 14 -The test pieces after the test. (Left: Marvel Wood, Right: Non-treated wood)

2.3.2 Laboratory test to subterranean termites (JIS K 1571)
A resistance of “Marvel Wood” to subterranean termites was evaluated with thelaboratory test in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. The results
showed that a resistance ability of “Marvel Wood” to termites conformed to theperformance standard.
Materials and Methods
This test had been performed in accordance with the standard, JIS K 1571.
Test Organization
Architectural Research Association
Results
The test results are given below in Table 7. “Marvel Wood” was under 3% concerning
the weight decrease rates and conformed to the performance standard in JIS K 1571.
Table7: Results of the laboratory test for evaluate resistance to termites.
Mortality rates (%)

Weight decrease rates (%)

Average

Min－Max

Average

Min－Max

Marvel Wood100

100－100

1.3

1.2－1.5

Non-treated wood

87－9

31.8

29.4－36.0

The test pieces after the test. (Top: Marvel Wood, Bottom: Non-treated wood)- 15 -2.3.3 Field test with stakes (JIS K 1571)“Marvel Wood” was evaluated with the field test in accordance with JapaneseIndustrial Standard. The results showed that “Marvel Wood” conformed to theperformance standard.
Materials and Methods
This test had been performed in accordance with the standard, JIS K 1571.
Test Organization
Architectural Research Association
Test Location
Architectural Research Association Field Test Site
(Kinpou-chou, Minami-satuma-shi, Kagoshima Pref., Japan)
Results
The test results are given below in Table 8. As of 6 years from the test start,“Marvel Wood” was not observed the noticeable fungal decays or termite
damages in all portions above ground, ground contact and underground.
Conversely, Non-treated wood was observed many serious fungal decays andtermite damages, greeted the useful life provided JIS K 1571 in 19 months fromthe test start. The useful life of “Marvel Wood” was more than 3 times as muchthan Non-treated wood and conformed to the performance standard in JIS K
1571.

- 16 -

Table: 8 Results of the field test with stakes
Observation

Marvel Wood

Degree of Damages
StandardPortions

AverageAbove Ground

00

0.3

0.5

Underground

0.2

0.6

Above Ground

1.9

1.7

5.00

4.4

1.1

GroundContact

Non-treated

GroundWood

Contact
Underground

Marvel Wood

UsefulRemarksLifedeviation

As of 6 years－from the teststart

19months

Non-treated Wood

(As of 10 years from the test start)(As of 3 years from the test start)

A look of the field test with stakes- 17 -2.3.4 Field test with posts
As the results of field test with posts, “Marvel Wood” had nothing decays or
termite damages, but all of non-treated wood had mild to severe decays andtermite attacks.
Materials and Methods
This test had been conducted with using Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress
posts (diameter 100mm x length 1500mm). “Marvel Wood” and Non-treatedwood were prepared, and the test was started by buried the half (750mm) ofthese in the ground. The damage conditions were observed regularly.
Test Organization
Katayama Chemical, Inc.
Test Location
Architectural Research Association Field Test Site
(Kinpou-chou, Minami-satuma-shi, Kagoshima Pref., Japan)
Results
The test results as of 4 years from the test start are given below in Table 9.
“Marvel Wood” had nothing decays or termite attacks in both of Japanese cedar
and Japanese cypress posts. On the other hand, in non-treated wood posts,
many damages including posts destroyed caused by decays and termites wereobserved in Japanese cypress posts, many damages were observed also inJapanese cedar posts.
Table: 9 Distributions of damage degree
Degree of Damage

Wood

SlightModerate

SevereAttackAttackAttack100%0%0%0%0%

Cypress

100%

0%

0%0%

0%

Non-Cedar

0%

33.3%

33.3%

33.3%0%treated

Cypress

0%

0%

33.3%

50.0%

16.7%

SpeciesSound

Marvel

Cedar

Wood

- 18 -Failure

Wood

A look of the posts as of 2 years from the test start
Top: Non-treated wood (broken)

Bottom: Marvel Wood

Magnified photo of the broken portion on posts
Left: Non-treated wood (broken)

Right: Marvel Wood

A look of the field test with posts- 19 -2.3.5 Field test to subterranean termites (JIS K 1571)“Marvel Wood” was evaluated with the field test focused on termites inaccordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. The results showed that “MarvelWood” conformed to the performance standard.
Materials and Methods
This test had been performed in accordance with the standard, JIS K 1571.
Test Organization
Architectural Research Association
Test Location
Architectural Research Association Field Test Site(Kinpou-chou, Minami-satuma-shi, Kagoshima Pref., Japan)
Results
The test results are given below in Table 10. As of 2 years from the test start,“Marvel Wood” was under 10 concerning the termite damage indexes andconformed to the performance standard in JIS K 1571.

- 20 -Table: 10 Results of the field test focused on termites
Specimen NumberTermite Rating
1st year

2nd year

100

20

10

300

400

500Termite Damage Index

001

1030

250100Non-treated33030Wood

43050

550100Termite Damage Index3462

Marvel WoodRemarks

The test stakes after the test. (Left: Marvel Wood, Right: Non-treated wood)

A look of the field test for termites- 21 -2.3.6 Field test to subterranean termites in Okinawa
Okinawa prefecture is the most activation area in Japan regarding termites
activity. “Marvel Wood” was evaluated with the field test focused on termites inOkinawa, but “Marvel Wood” had nothing termite attacks. In contrast, all of nontreated wood were observed severe termite attacks.
Materials and Methods
This test had been conducted with using Japanese cedar and Western hemlock(105mm x 105mm x length 150mm, 3 for each wood specie). Hollow concrete blocks(100mm x 190mm x390mm) were prepared, and a bait wood (pine) for induce
termites were drove in each three holes. Test wood were putted on the concrete
block, and the test was started by covered with rain cover. The damage conditions
were observed regularly.
Test Organization
Katayama Chemical, Inc.
Test Location
Field Test Site of Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus(Nishihara-chou, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa Pref., Japan)
Results
The test results as of 6 years from the test start are given below in Table 11.
“Marvel Wood” had nothing termite attacks in both of Japanese cedar andWestern hemlock. On the other hand, all of non-treated wood in both ofJapanese cedar and Western hemlock had severe termite attacks.
Table: 11 Distributions of damage degree
Degree of damage

Wood

Marvel Wood
Non-treatedSlightSevere

AttackAttack100%0%0%0%

W.Hemlock

100%0%0%0%

Cedar

0%

0%

100%

0%SpeciesSoundCedar- 22 -Failure

Wood

W.Hemlack

0%0%

0%

100%

Schematic diagram of the field test in Okinawa

The test wood of Japanese cedar

The test wood of Western hemlock

Left: Marvel Wood

Left: Marvel Wood

Right: Non-treated Wood

Right: Non-treated Wood

Damage example of non-treated western hemlock- 23 -2.3.7 Corrosion test of metal (JIS K 1571)
The iron corrosion of “Marvel Wood” was evaluated with the iron corrosion test inaccordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. The results showed that “MarvelWood” has the equality iron corrosion with non-treated wood and it conformed tothe performance standard. The iron corrosion of “Marvel Wood” has nothing to getworse by influence of wood preservative.
Materials and Methods
This test had been performed in accordance with the standard, JIS K 1571.
Test Organization
Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya UniversityResults
The test results are given below in Table 12. “Marvel Wood” was under 2.0 concerning
the ratio of iron corrosion and it conformed to the performance standard in JIS K
1571.
Table: 12 Results of iron corrosion test
Weight decrease rates (%)

Ratio of iron corrosion

AverageStandard deviation

Marvel Wood

0.8

0.1

0.9

Non-treated Wood

0.9

0.2－- 24 -Marvel Corporation
・Head Office4-30 Harame-cho, Fukui-shi, Fukui Pref., 910-0825, Japan
TEL︓+81-776-53-7715 FAX︓+81-776-63-5485

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