www.piarc.org
2022R29EN

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENTUSING THE LATEST INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESSUMMARY OF PIARC WORKSHOP IN KYOTO - JUNE 2022
A PIARC BRIEFING NOTETECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENTROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTESTATEMENTS
The World Road Association (PIARC) is a nonprofit organization established in 1909 to improve international
co-operation and to foster progress in the field of roads and road transport.
The study that is the subject of this report was defined in the PIARC Strategic Plan 2020– 2023 and approvedby the Council of the World Road Association, whose members are representatives of the member national
governments. The members of the Technical Committee responsible for this report were nominated by themember national governments for their special competences.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of their parent organizations or agencies.
This report is available from the internet site of the World Road Association (PIARC): http://www.piarc.org

Copyright by the World Road Association. All rights reserved.
World Road Association (PIARC)
Arche Sud 5° niveau
92055 La Défense cedex, France
International Standard Book Number: 978-2-84060-725-0
Front cover © Authors

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ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENTUSING THE LATEST INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESSUMMARY OF PIARC WORKSHOP IN KYOTO - JUNE 2022
A PIARC BRIEFING NOTETECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENTROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTEAUTHORSThis report has been prepared by Technical Committee 1.5 on “Disaster Management” of the World
Road Association (PIARC).
The authors of this report are the speakers and the panelists of PIARC international workshop on
road disaster management using latest information technologies held on June 30, 2022. All havemade significant contribution for to share the knowledge and experiences on how their country
and organizations deal with this topic.
They are listed below in alphabetical order.

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ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2022R29ENA PIARC BRIEFING NOTE
NameCountry

Affiliation

ADACHI, Yukio

Japan

CHEN, Chin-fa

TaiwanCHINNICI , Sara

Italy

ENDO, Kazuo

Japan

ENGELBRECHT, Christopher

U.S.A.

EVANCE, Caroline

Australia

GILLES, Pierre

Belgium

HIGUMA, Kouji

Japan

Metropolitan Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN

KUBO,Ryuji

Japan

East Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. JPN

MEDINA, Marcelo

Chile

Spanish speaking technical secretary, TC 1.5, PIARC(Ministry of Public Works, CHL)MIYANISHI, Hiroyuki

Japan

Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. JPN

NISHIGAKI, Yuji

Japan

West Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. JPN

OHNISHI, Yuzo

Japan

Kyoto University, Professor Emeritus JPN

RUBARENZYA, Mark, Henry

UgandaMember, TC 1.4, PIARC(Uganda National Roads Authority, UGA)

SOGA, Yasumasa

Japan

Hanshin Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN

VAZA, Herry

Indonesia

Member, TC 1.5, PIARC(Ministry of Public Works and Housing, IDN)

YOTSUI, SakiJapan

Ritsumeikan University, JPN

Chair, TC 1.5, PIARC(Hanshin Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN)
Ministry of Transportation and Communication,
TWN
Member, TC 1.5, PIARC(ANAS, ITA)
Member, TC 4.2, PIARC(Honshu Shikoku Bridge Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN)
Member, TC 1.5, PIARC(Missouri Department of Transportation, USA)
Chair, TC 1.4, PIARC
Co-Chair, Climate Change, Resilience and Disaster
Management Committee, REAAA
French speaking technical secretary, TC 4.2, PIARC(Service public de Wallonie, BEL)

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2022R29ENA PIARC BRIEFING NOTEACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The PIARC international workshop on road disaster management using latest information
technologies was organized by, co-organized with, specially supported by, and supported by theorganizations below.
Organized jointly by:••World Road Association (PIARC)
Japan Road Association (PIARC JAPAN)

Co-organized with•

Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia (REAAA)Specially supported by:•

Hanshin Expressway Company Limited

Sponsored by:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

East Nippon Expressway Company Limited
Central Nippon Expressway Company LimitedWest Nippon Expressway Company Limited
Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company Limited
Public Works Research Center
Hanshin Expressway Research Institute for Advanced Technology.
Japan Anchor Association
Japanese Technical Association for Steel Pipe Piles and Sheet Piles
Japan Bosai Platform
Nippon Koei Company Limited
CTI Engineering Company Limited
Chodai Company Limited

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT THE USING LATEST
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESSUMMARY OF PIARC WORKSHOP IN KYOTO JUNE 2022
A PIARC BRIEFING NOTE
The international workshop was jointly organized by PIARC via its Technical Committee 1.5“Disaster Management" and the JARA (Japan Road Association). The event was greatly cooperated
by REAAA (Regional Association of Asia and Australasia) via its Climate Change, Resilience andEmergency Management Committee. The event was also friendly cooperated by PIARC TC 1.4(Climate Change and Resilience of Road Networks) and PIARC TC 4.2 (Bridges). This event provides
information on the Road disaster management Using latest information technologies through worldcase studies on disaster management.
This workshop aims to share world case studies on disaster management. The goal of the workshop
is to exchange latest disaster management technologies. The workshop invited eight speakers andseven panelists from nine countries and regions all over the world. It will include discussions ofmost updated information and communication in disaster management, financial aspects ofdisaster management, and panel discussion of strategies and tools for road disaster resilience.
This workshop discussed that the continuing information exchange on good knowledge and bestpractices sharing of new infrastructure, rehabilitation, and retrofit technologies for climate change
adaptation and disaster resilience will save the money and time and make acceleration for building
the resilience society not only in LMICs but also in HICs.
This workshop also identifies the importance of the hybrid format in post COVID time. Hybrid
format can enhance the opportunities to meet face to face and can also encourage the participationof travel difficulty engineers in all over the world.

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTECONTENTS1.

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 32.

KEYNOTE PRESENTATION ....................................................... 6

3.

INTRODUCTION PRESENTATIONS .......................................... 7

4.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS (1) ............................................ 9

5.

6.

7.

8.

4.1.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS .................................................................. 9

4.2.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .................................................................. 11

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS (2) .......................................... 12
5.1.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS ................................................................ 12

5.2.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .................................................................. 14

PANEL PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS ..................... 15
6.1.

PANEL PRESENTATIONS ....................................................................... 15

6.2.

PANEL DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 17

RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................. 19
7.1.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DECISIONS MAKERS – ..................................... 19

7.2.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PIARC ......................................................... 19

STATISTICS .............................................................................. 21
8.1.

WORKSHOP SUMMARY ......................................................................... 21

8.2.

WORKSHOP EVALUATION ..................................................................... 21

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1.

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INTRODUCTION

The international workshop named “Road disaster management using latest information
technologies through world case studies on disaster management” was held at the Kyoto
international community house, Kyoto, Japan, in June 30, 2022.
This workshop was jointly organized by PIARC via its Technical Committee 1.5 “Disaster
Management" and the JARA (Japan Road Association). The event was greatly cooperated by REAAA(Regional Association of Asia and Australasia) via its Climate Change, Resilience and Emergency
Management Committee. The event was also friendly cooperated by PIARC TC 1.4 (Climate Change
and Resilience of Road Networks) and PIARC TC 4.2 (Bridges).
This workshop was the first event to be conducted in a full-fledged hybrid format, both in-person
and online, after the Corona Disaster. Hybrid format enables not only the remote participation but
also enhancement of collaboration using the benefit of it. In recent years, "collaboration" has beena key word in PIARC's activities. It is a fact that "collaboration" has been realized with increasing
speed by using online meeting tools. This workshop promoted the collaboration with REAAA, PIARC
TC1.4, and PIARC TC4.2, as a result, many technical presentations and case studies were made from
9 countries and regions including Japan. This rich workshop was the result of COVID-19 influence ina positive sense.
This workshop consisted of keynote presentation session, two technical presentation sessions,panel discussion session, and acitivty report session. This workshop covers the topics of "Recent
road infrastructure maintenance technologies essential for advanced disaster management","Information and communication in disaster management", "Financial aspects of disastermanagement", "What are the strategies and tools for road disaster resilience". Figure 1.1. shows
the webinar promotion webpage and Table 1.1 shows the webinar agenda.
This briefing note shows the outline of the workshop and summaries the discussions at theworkshop.

Figure 1.1. Workshop Flyer

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTE

09:30 – 09:50 Opening Session
Welcome remarks: Mr. KIKUKAWA, Shigeru, President, Japan road association (JARA)
Welcome remarks: Mr. SENOO, Kei, Technical advisor, World Road Association (PIARC)
Welcome remarks: Mr. HASHIBA, Katsuji, Vice president, Regional engineering association of Asia andAustralasia (REAAA)Opening remarks: Dr. ADACHI, Yukio, Chair, PIARC Technical committee 1.5
10:00 – 11:40 Technical Session 1 :Disaster Management for a heavy snowfall on Expressway - Record-breaking snowfall and Extensive
vehicles stuck on Kan-etsu Expressway Mr. KUBO, Ryushi, Director, East Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Disaster management of Hanshin Expressway with seismic simulation
Dr. SOGA, Yasumasa, Hanshin expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Road Emergencies in Chile and Information Management
Mr. MEDINA, Marcelo, Ministry of Public Works - Roads Directorate, CHL
Using the Latest Information Technologies to Establish the Road Early Warning System and Response in Taiwan

Mr. CHEN, Chin-Fa, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, TWN
11 :40 – 11:55 Activity Report Session
WG1 activity report: Information and communication management in disaster
Mr. GRUBER, Jan, WG1 leader, PIARC Technical committee 1.5
WG2 activity report: Financial aspect of disaster management
Dr. YOTSUI, Saki, WG2 Co-leader, PIARC Technical committee 1.5
WG3 activity report: Update disaster management manual
Mr. ZBARNEA, Constantin, WG3 Leader, PIARC Technical committee 1.5
13 :00 – 13:40 Keynote Session
Recent road infrastructure maintenance technologies essential for advanced disaster management
Dr. ONISHI, Yuzo, Prof. emeritus, Kyoto University, JPN
13 :50 – 15:30 Technical Session 2 :Natural hazard risk management -Towards an assessment of the regional impact of damage to road bridgesDr. YOTSUI, Saki, Ritsumeikan University, JPN
Minimize Expressway Closure Time in Natural Disaster
Mr. NISHIGAKI, Yuji, West Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
REAAA Resilience Initiatives for Road Transport
Ms. EVANS, Caroline, Chair PIARC TC 1.4, Co-Chair REAAA Resilience Committee, AUS
Evolution of economic impacts of natural disasters
Ms. CHINNICI, Sara, ANAS, ITA
15 :40 – 16:50 Panel Discussion Session :Future Vision of Expressway Operation and Disaster Management with "i-MOVEMENT"Mr. MIYANISHI, Hiroyuki, Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Application to comprehensive disaster prevention information system utilizing i-Dreams
Mr. HIGUMA, Kouji, Metropolitan Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Seismic Retrofit for Long-Span Bridges
Dr. ENDO, Kazuo, Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia
Dr. VAZA, Herry, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, IDN
Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience of Road Networks (in Low- and Middle- income countries)
Dr. RUBARENZYA, Mark Henry, Uganda National Roads Authority, UGA
US Transportation Resilience Strategies
Mr. ENGELBRECHT, Christopher, Missouri Department of Transportation, USA
How to deal with a major flood when your country is not used to it?
Dr. GILLES, Pierre, SPW Mobility and Infrastructure, BEL
16 :50 –17 :00 Closing Session
Closing remarks: Dr. ISHIHARA, Yasuhiro, Chair, International committee, JARA

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Closing remarks: Mr. MALLÉJACQ, Patrick, Secretary general, PIARC
Closing remarks: Dr. ADACHI, Yukio, Chair, PIARC Technical committee 1.5

Table 1.1 Workshop program

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2.

KEYNOTE PRESENTATION

Recent road infrastructure maintenance technologies
essential for advanced disaster management
Dr. ONISHI, Yuzo, Prof. emeritus, Kyoto University, JPN

In road disaster prevention inspections, it is important to predict as accurately as possible when,
where, on what scale, and in what form a disaster will occur, but it is not easy to grasp thesefactors even with advanced academic knowledge and technical capabilities.
It is necessary to show, as concretely as possible, how disaster prevention management should
be carried out at the road management site for the potential disaster areas identified in the roaddisaster prevention inspection that require special attention in terms of management.
Those involved in disaster management are expected to do their best to achieve the ultimate
goal of preventing disasters as much as possible and minimizing damage at the any stage ofdisaster management cycle, disaster prevention, mitigation, and avoidance, and preventive
maintenance.
The below are the key conclusions:
1. In managing road disasters, it is important to consider which framework to use: preventive,
follow-up, or predictive.
2. In the case of new infrastructures, it is effective for later road disaster prevention andmaintenance to record and save the construction details including the construction process as
3D data based on i-construction and BIM/CIM methods. In the case of existing infrastructure,
periodic inspections should be conducted, 3D data should be saved, and past data and other data
should be carefully compared from a preventive perspective. In both cases, the use of drones is
promising.
3. Many people are feeling the limitations of conventional 2D design, such as the lack of humanresources and the work efficiency, as well as to improve quality and reduce costs. However, there
are many barriers to a sudden shift to 3D, and the best way is to "get the best of both worlds" ina mixed environment of 2D and 3D, such as utilizing 3D models by making use of drawing data
assets from 2D design.
4. Although 3D data is intuitive when displayed and useful for detecting defects, the hurdle fordata creation is high. However, technological advances have made it possible to use a variety ofequipment, and there are high expectations for the future. The use of equipment requires rapid
information sharing.
5. Utilization of 3D data, incorporation into BIM/CIM, and record keeping are useful for disasterprevention of infrastructure, and it is hoped that they will be widely applied through case studies
and education.

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3.

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INTRODUCTION PRESENTATIONSWG1 activity report: Information and communication
management in disaster
Mr. GRUBER, Jan, WG1 leader, PIARC Technical committee 1.5,
CZE
The PIARC Technical Committee 1.5 - Disaster Management established a task related to the
topic "Using Big Data and Social Networks for Disaster Management" within the ongoing cycle.
The presentation presents the results achieved so far in this task, which deals with new
information evolutions such as big data and social networks. The result was the creation of an
information report to provide an overview of the project's methodology and a summary of thefindings of the survey results, which came from 22 countries with the following distribution bycontinent; 8 (Asia), 8 (Europe), 5 (Americas) and 1 (Oceania).
As part of this task, TC 1.5 - WG1 (Working Group 1) conducted an international survey, the main
results and findings of which are based on an analysis that shows that there is extensive
collection and analysis of big data and information from social networks throughout the life cycleof disaster/emergencies.
The main themes of the survey questions were the types of information collected about big dataand social networks and the frequency of collection, validation techniques and ensuring theaccuracy of collected data, analysis and dissemination of data (technology, software, etc.),
benefits for road administrations and road users, and pandemic applications COVID-19.
The presentation includes comments on several key areas, preliminary survey results,
conclusions and recommendations for decision-makers and international organizations, basedon a review of international literature, collection and analysis of case studies and collaboration
with global road administrations. Further analysis of survey information and case studies will be
developed and presented in the final report.

WG2 activity report: Financial aspect of disastermanagement
Dr. YOTSUI, Saki, WG2 Co-leader, PIARC Technical committee
1.5, JPN
Road networks are exposed to natural elements and disasters that may cause severe damage tothese assets. It is therefore important to be financially prepared and have disaster management
processes in place, including various sources of parallel funding. Our international survey results
suggest the need for every road administration to invest in the development of new warning andmonitoring systems for events such as floods, heavy rains and heavy snowfalls. It will be also
particularly important to systematically quantify the financial risk associated with different
disaster scenarios and to make use of cost-benefit analysis for all investment plans. In
anticipation of major disasters, with the great potential to induce financial losses, it is highlyROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTE

advisable to rely on a variety of parallel funding sources. Where possible, greater financial risk
sharing between the public and private sectors should be encouraged.

WG3 activity report: Update disaster management
manualMr. ZBARNEA, Constantin, WG3 Leader, PIARC Technicalcommittee 1.5, ROM
Terms of reference for Working Group 3 regards the updating of the Disaster Management
Manual. The work of the previous cycle TC E.3 was revised and updated using the latest
experience on efficient strategies and methods for managing various disasters on roads network.
Now the manual contains basic concepts, case studies of lessons learned and experiences gained
and the latest disaster reduction technologies that contribute to the promotion of efficient andeffective disaster management. The manual was finished as a book and now we are working to
publish the sixth PIARC online manual that will be soon available on disastermanagement.piarc.org.

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TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS (1)4.1.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS

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Disaster Management for a heavy snowfall on
Expressway - Record-breaking snowfall and Extensive
vehicles stuck on Kan-etsu Expressway –Mr. KUBO, Ryushi, Director, East Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd.,JPNIn December 2020, a record-breaking heavy snowfall caused a large-scale and long-lasting vehicle
stagnation of approximately 2,100 vehicles on the E17 Kanetsu Expressway in Yuzawa, Niigata
Prefecture.
In the 2020 season, similar events occurred one after another in various regions in Japan, andthe Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan changed its policy from theconventional approach of "securing winter traffic routes as much as possible" to "thoroughly
avoiding large-scale vehicle stagnation ".
Therefore, NEXCO East Japan Niigata Regional Head Office developed preventive measures
based on a risk management framework for winter road according to the lessons on the past. As
a result, the occurrence of large-scale vehicle stagnation was suppressed in the 2021 season,even with heavy snowfall.
In preparation for further heavy snowfall, the office has been working on the establishment of
the "Niigata DX" project that links past experiences and initiatives, aiming to improve sustainable
operational capabilities.

Disaster management of Hanshin Expressway withseismic simulation
Dr. SOGA, Yasumasa, Hanshin expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Hanshin Expressway is studying the construction of a digital twin model in cyberspace thatexhibits the same properties and behavior as bridges and tunnels in real space. We aim to realize"cyber infrastructure management", in which the performance of structures is evaluated andpredicted through analysis and simulation with this model, and the results are reflected in thereal world for optimal management.
In particular, we are working on seismic simulations of the entire Hanshin Expressway network,
assuming large-scale earthquakes such as the 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake andthe Nankai Trough earthquake.

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTE

By simulating various earthquakes, we can identify weak points on the Hanshin Expressway
network and identify bridges that truly need reinforcement. Disaster prevention drills can also
be conducted for these earthquake scenarios.
In the future, we would like to use digital twin technology not only for earthquakes, but also fornatural disasters and traffic simulations.

Road Emergencies
Management

in

Chile

and

Information

Mr. MEDINA, Marcelo, Ministry of Public Works, -Roads
Directorate-, CHL
Chilean territory is always affected by natural disasters, due to country location on the rings offire that causes volcano activity, earthquakes and a geography that generate alluviums during
summer time, as well as other types of natural disasters (wild forest fire, floods, snow avalanches,tsunamis, etc.), causing several damages to road infrastructures.
Since 2015 the Chilean Road Administration has collected relevant information about damages
and effects on the road network through a Close Source Information System that allowed togenerate automatically Emergency Maps published on internet for road users.
Currently Chilean Road Administration is getting a step forward to generate an Opened Sourceof Information for users, in order to improve service of road network, adding citizen collaborationin the detection of road emergencies and merge it with the available Closed Information Source.
This project contains a visual interphase for administrators and a simple mobile application tocollect information on site, with the goal of provide a simple channel for reporting problems in
the road network, provide background information for incidents management and integrate
information in the current systems without generating a parallel system.

Using the Latest Information Technologies to Establish
the Road Early Warning System and Response in Taiwan
Mr. CHEN, Chin-Fa,
Communications, TWN

MinistryofTransportation

andThe briefing take Suhua Highway as a case study, the most famous coastal highway in Taiwan.
The characteristics of the Suhua Highway are similar to the Highway 1 Big Sur Coast Highway in
California, USA. One side is close to the coast and the other side is a hillside. , the scenery is very
beautiful and the traffic is heavy, but there are often rockfall injuries.
Briefing focuses on how to apply information technologies such as Drone, Big Data, and Internetof Things to integrate into the early warning system,For transmiting real-time emergency roadmessage to passersby avoid possible disasters in time . The early warning mechanism has beenin operation for more than 10 years, and by using information technologies applications has been

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on line for more than 4 years, no one was injured by falling rocks during this period. The
implementation effect has been verified to be excellent in Taiwan.

4.2.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Mr. Medina said the ways to combine information from the opened and closed sources.
He said we do not know yet which way will be the most efficient or the best way to
combine those kind of information, but we have some ideas what to do with that
information: 1.- Location of the events: Using a digital map and GIS tools with the opened
source information we are able to locate position (km) on the road network, 2.- Show
Emergency Records: Share information from the closed source to the opened source, inorder to keep users informed, 3.- Get on site photographs of the events from users: To
preliminary evaluation of the events and make decisions. We are starting with the
management of this kind of information but our main goal is to keep informed users andauthorities, as well as generate information of damages on the road network for further
analysis and planning.
Mr. Kobo said that reduction of the traffic is important and essential to the snow falldisaster management. He talked also about Japan is currently implementing the preannounced and planned road closure policy with supported by the public.
Mr. Kubo also said that real-time collection of the disaster information is essential. He
added some words that they are planning to installed more ITVs in order to enhance themonitoring function whereas they currently receive the information through ITVs
installed in every 2km and handy and web-connected camera of emergency personnel.
Mr. Kubo explained that the mental care to the drivers, who are left behind their cars of
the road, is also important according to the previous lessons. He suggested an alternative
approach that the road manager may ask to the drivers to leave from their cars, and may
get back them to their cars again after road condition become recovered.
Mr. Kubo explained there is another approach, to force to remove the stuck cars, when
the number of the stuck cars is limited. He also mentioned that the presented approach
might be better when a large number of the cars stuck in the same time.
Dr. Soga said that the digital twin technology is very effective for mitigation, preparation,and response to the disaster. He explained that expanding his model, which is currently
composed for bridge sections that composed for 80% of the Hanshin Expressway, isnecessary with earth works and tunnel sections and other road network components.
Mr. Chen said that the road managers in Taiwan can receive disaster information bydrones, to identify the disaster location by GPS, and to recognize the car number byimage processing of the car left in the disastrous area, by using their the most updated
IT disaster management technologies.

ROAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT USING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESA PIARC BRIEFING NOTE5.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS (2)5.1.

TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONSNatural hazard risk management -Towards anassessment of the regional impact of damage to roadbridgesDr. YOTSUI, Saki, Ritsumeikan University, JPN
The panelist presented on the current status and challenges of the risk management and risk
finance system for roads and bridges in Japan. Extreme natural hazards are becoming more
severe and widespread due to global warming. Moreover, according to the Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's scenario for anearthquake that impacts the Tokyo area, road restrictions following earthquake will last at least
one week after the disaster. If roads are closed as a result of landslides, it may take several
months or more to restore them. Thus, it is very important to take action as quickly as possible
to conduct temporary repairs as well as main restoration. The financial burden on national andlocal governments has also increased. We need a compensation system that takes into accountboth regular operation and times of disaster, and it is necessary to promote Public Private
Partnership / Private Finance Initiatives.

Minimize Expressway Closure Time in Natural Disaster
Mr. NISHIGAKI, Yuji, West Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN

Recent years, a number of Natural disasters are increasing due to the climate change.
In 2018, NEXCO-West experienced two severe damage cases such as torrential rainfalls at the
Kochi expressway and the Sanyo expressway and strong wind damage by typhoon at the KansaiInternational Airport Access Bridge. It was a challenging to response and operate recovery work
efficiently and quickly because of size of damages. However, NEXCO-West accomplished tominimize expressway closure time with flexible traffic operations and restoration works.
According to these experience, NEXCO-West is taking the measures for future disasters such as
installation of high energy absorbing fences and rigid protective barriers in the median strip, andextending the length of the emergency opening in the median strip.
In addition, NEXCO-West started to provide advance announcement of expected road closures
to change road user’s action during a severe weather.
NEXCO-West shares these knowledges to reduce social impact of the natural disasters for otherroad operators.

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REAAA Resilience Initiatives for Road Transport
Ms. EVANS, Caroline, Chair PIARC TC 1.4, Co-Chair REAAA
Resilience Committee, AUS

Climate change, resilience and disaster management are areas of great interest to the Road
Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia (REAAA). This presentation provided an overview
of work being conducted by the REAAA Climate Change, Resilience and Disaster Management
Working Committee. This included presentation of the Terms of Reference, strategic priorities,
workplan, and development of a report to investigate the opportunities for implementing roadand infrastructure climate change resilience in Asia and Australasia.
Cooperation with PIARC has been a key strategic initiative of REAAA for many years. There areclose connections between this REAAA Committee and the activities of PIARC TechnicalCommittees (TC) 1.4 Climate Change and Resilience of Road Networks and TC 1.5 Disaster
Management. This presentation described the collaborative work being undertaken across PIARC
and REAAA, and the connections between these Associations in the area of resilient roads.
The presentation also outlined the alignment of the REAAA with PIARC TC1.4 and 1.5. In
particular the investigation of uniform and holistic methodological approaches to climate change
and other hazard resilience, and the update of the PIARC Climate Change Adaptation Framework
for Road Infrastructure (2015), which considers new and innovative approaches such as criticality
assessments, and adaptation pathway approaches in the context of climate change.

Evolution of economic impacts of natural disasters
Ms. CHINNICI, Sara, ANAS, ITA

The panelist presented the article "Evidence for sharp increase in the economic damages ofextreme natural disasters" (M. Coronese et al.│21450–21455│PNAS October 22, 2019│vol. 116│
no. 43│ www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1907826116).
The article highlights how the economic damage caused by natural disasters related to climatechange has increased considerably in recent decades, due to the increased effects generated byeach individual event. More precisely, the researchers estimated that between 1970 and 2010
the economic impact of a particularly nefarious disaster (among the 1% most damaging)increased by about 20 times and that, each year, a single event of this magnitude costs about$26 million more than the previous year. The study also reveals that the increase in the costs ofdisasters is more dramatic in temperate areas.
On a global scale the study documents a general decrease of casualties, but if the analysis isspecialized according to the type of hazard and country income class, it is pointed out a decrease

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in deaths due to floods only in high-income countries and a concerning increase in casualties
linked to extreme temperatures in poor and rich countries alike.

5.2.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS•••

Dr. Yotsui said technical information sharing and financial international assistance isimportant to the improvement of disaster management in LMICs.
Mr. Nishigaki said it is important to steadily develop their disaster management
technologies in the context of appropriate priorities. He also said it is also important toshare our disaster experiences and technologies with LMICs.
Ms. Evans and Ms. CHINNICH said it is also important and essential to share the disaster
experiences, knowledge, and technologies of HICs with LMICs through the internationalorganization channels.

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6.

PANEL PRESENTATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1.

PANEL PRESENTATIONS

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Future Vision of Expressway Operation and Disaster
Management with "i-MOVEMENT"Mr. MIYANISHI, Hiroyuki, Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd.,JPN
The environment surrounding Japanese expressways has been undergoing dramatic changes inrecent years, including labor shortages due to the declining birthrate and aging population,
diversifying customer needs, and an increase in road damage due to severe weather conditions.
In response to these changes, NEXCO-Central is working on "i-MOVEMENT" to evolve expressway
mobility by actively introducing cutting-edge ICT and robotics technologies. This presentation
introduces some examples of i-MOVEMENT, such as the use of all lanes’ monitoring of the entire
expressway to immediately identify accidents and disasters, and the use of 3D models toaccurately identify deformations before and after a disaster and to formulate restoration
methods.

Application to comprehensive disaster prevention
information system utilizing i-Dreams
Mr. HIGUMA, Kouji, Metropolitan Expressway Co., Ltd., JPN
Introduction of the “Comprehensive disaster prevention system” installed in “i-DREAMs” which
is road maintenance and management system of Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited. iDREAMs manages various road data in 2D and 3D point cloud data on GIS platform. Applying the“Comprehensive disaster prevention system” strongly contributes both to recover road networkat emergency case and to secure the safety of Metropolitan Expressway.

Seismic Retrofit for Long-Span Bridges
Dr. ENDO, Kazuo, Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Co., Ltd.,JPN
Past seismic events, such as 1995 Kobe EQ, caused severe damage on road bridges in Japan. It
resulted in closing of road networks, which led to traffic delay as well as indirect economic losses.
Seismic retrofitting is one of the most common approaches to enhance seismic resilience of roadbridges. Due to the limited budget and human resources, it is important to proceed it in asystematic manner considering road class, traffic volume, bridge age, site seismicity.

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Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia - After COVID 19
Pandemic in Road Sector
Dr. VAZA, Herry, Ministry of Public Works and Housing, IDN
There are limitations in disaster management while Covid-19 pandemic, such as limitation of
movement and activities because of the social distancing, restriction for community activities
and travelling, shortage of manpower and slow delivery of materials for construction, shortageof logistics caused by the disconnection of transportation and communication networks whichleads to the absence of fuel supplies. Based on this experience, we must improve theimplementation of disaster management with the support of a good database. The databaseconsists of road network maps, ongoing projects engagement, disaster prone areas, existingroads and bridges, ongoing projects contractors, heavy construction equipment data andmaterial supplier data.

Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience of Road
Networks (in Low- and Middle- income countries)
Dr. RUBARENZYA, Mark Henry, Uganda National Roads
Authority, UGA
Climate change impacts and other hazard events are causing more frequent and severe damage
to road infrastructure and operations. In December 2021, PIARC Technical Committee (TC) 1.4
held a Seminar in Uganda that focused on ways in which road and transport agencies around theworld are making transportation infrastructure more resilient to climate change. The goal of the
Seminar was to exchange information between countries, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.
Over 600 participants registered for the seminar, with most coming from Low- and MiddleIncome Countries (LMICs). One of the lessons from the seminar is that a key factor for low
participation by LMICs in PIARC activities is the difference between the topics and technologies
addressed in LMIC Member’s organizations and those in TCs and Task Forces.

US Transportation Resilience Strategies
Mr. ENGELBRECHT, Christopher, Missouri Department ofTransportation, USA

Panel presentation included discussion related to US strategies for funding transportation
resilience and sustainability, along with the introduction of a Social Vulnerability Index tool the
US is utilizing to improve social equity in disaster response.
In 2021, the US Congress passed a $1.2 trillion funding package which provided much needed
resources to improve infrastructure, create millions of jobs, and address climate change while

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placing an increased emphasis on resilience, sustainability, equity, and safety for all users. The
funding builds a national network of electric vehicle chargers, expands public transit options,replaces thousands of deficient transit vehicles, modernizes passenger rail and upgrades airports
and ports to strengthen supply chains and prevent disruptions.
The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was also briefly discussed. SVI is a tool used to help addressconcerns related to disaster management and social equity. Social vulnerability refers to thepotential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health including
factors such as poverty, lack of access to transportation and crowded housing which may weaken
a community’s ability to prevent human suffering and financial loss in a disaster.
The SVI ranks census tracts on various social factors, grouping them into themes and providing
an overall database ranking and map to determine the level of social vulnerability. Communities
can then use these databases and maps to estimate needed emergency supplies, determine
personnel needed to assist in a disaster, identify emergency shelter needs, and identify
communities that will need continued support to recover following an emergency or natural
disaster.

How to deal with a major flood when your country is not
used to it ?
Dr. GILLES, Pierre, SPW Mobility and Infrastructure, BEL
Belgium, is not used to strong climatic disaster. But mid July 2021, heavy and stationary rains
occur on a large part of the country with more than 288 mm on 72 hours (return period of 200
years). On some rivers the flow exceeded by a factor of 4 the previous maximum.
After this disaster, which caused 39 deaths, it was urgent to inspect many bridges.
Without an existing methodology, this work (560 bridges inspected) was only possible through agreat collaborative work. The inspection work was distributed among 40 people. Each day, eachof them complete, after the inspection, a shared excel table (office 365) with a summary of themain information and establish a short inspection report on a shared folder. The shared excel
table was connected to Batchgeo.com to have a live cartographic view map of the main
information’s, accessible to the main stakeholders.

6.2.

PANEL DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONSGood discussions of identifying and sharing the good experience for the strategies and tools forroad disaster resilience were made after the panel round table discussions. The followings are themajor findings.
• Regarding disaster mitigation, this session discussed the retrofit of existing assets
considering social impacts as well as the response to unexpected events, as an important
issue. This is also an urgent issue in addressing climate change. This session also identified
the importance of the community resilience.

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In terms of disaster preparedness and response, there was discussion on the importanceof the latest digital technologies and digital transformation technologies, such as sensing,monitoring, and data management. A panelist also identifies the digital database can alsoenhance the disaster resilience during pandemic situation. The progress of thesetechnologies has been remarkable. Further evolution is expected.
Regarding disaster recovery, it was discussed that cooperation and coordinated activities
among organizations involved in disaster management are important issues. Panelists
identify the effectiveness of the bridge engineering community for emergency inspection
works after the disastrous event, and the effectiveness of the community vulnerability
understanding for the disaster capacity resilience. It can be said that fostering social
capital in a broad sense is also considered important in disaster management.
This workshop also discussed that the continuing information exchange on goodknowledge and best practices of new infrastructure and rehabilitation and retrofit of old
infrastructure for climate change adaptation and disaster resilience will save the money
and time and make acceleration for building the resilience society in LMICs.

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7.

RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DECISIONS MAKERS –2022R29EN
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Recommendation 1: Collecting and sharing of accurate and real-time disaster information
Excellent disaster management action has been made based on the accurate disaster information
and real time disaster information. In order to obtain better disaster information, efforts are being
made to 1) expand monitoring facilities as a reliable method, and 2) incorporate open-source
information recently, while acknowledging the uncertainty of the information. Road managers
should continue their efforts to obtain better information on disasters while considering thecondition of the road, road facilities and road conditions.
Recommendation 2: Use of IoT and digital twin technologies for disaster management
In recent years, there have been notable advances in digital technology, IoT technology, and digitaltwin technology. In particular, 1) the use of the latest sensing, monitoring, and analysis
technologies, 2) the use of the latest mobile devices such as drones, and 3) the use of digital twin
technology based on advanced computing technology to simulate disasters. In the area of disaster
simulation, there have been remarkable achievements in advancing disaster management. Routemanagers need to maintain their antennas for the latest technological advances and make constantefforts to apply them to advancing disaster management.
Recommendation 3: Cooperated and coordinated activities in disaster management
Cooperation and coordinated activities among organizations, parties, and those involved in disastermanagement are important issues. This workshop identified the good case study 1) the cooperated
and coordinated action of the bridge engineering community for emergency inspection works after
the disastrous event in Belgium, 2) the promotion funding to develop the community vulnerability
understanding for the disaster capacity resilience. It can be said that fostering social capital in a
broad sense is also considered important in disaster management.
Recommendation 4: Knowledge and experience sharing through various channels:
It is very important and very essential to steadily develop their disaster management technologies
in the context of appropriate priorities and appropriate technologies enough to mitigate theinfluence by the disaster. In this sense, knowledge and experience sharing is very important not
only among HICs but also among LMICs.

7.2.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PIARC

Recommendation A: A hybrid format meeting in post COVID time
This workshop identifies the importance of the hybrid format in post COVID time. Opportunities tomeet face to face during the COVID-19 pandemic were greatly diminished, possibly resulting in
weakened relationships among the disaster management community not only at the national andorganizational level but also international level. Providing an opportunity for engineers involved indisaster management to create a community that encourages information sharing is necessary evenduring COVID-19. Beyond border activities are essential especially in unforeseen events. This
workshop was held in hybrid format. The hybrid format can promote the face-to-face relations as

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well as enhance the information sharing through the virtual participation. Hybrid format will benecessary format in post COVID time.
Recommendation B: Collaboration on information sharing among communities
This workshop also importance of the collaboration among different communities. This workshop
was cooperated by not only within PIARC, TC1.4 "Climate Change and Road Network Resilience"
and TC4.2 "Bridges", but also REAAA “Climate Change, Resilience and Emergency Management
Committee”. The participation from different communities and the discussion among them createrich workshop and discussion. This will be resulted by hybrid format workshop and can be said thiscan be said the result of COVID-19 influence in a positive sense.

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8.

STATISTICS

8.1.

WORKSHOP SUMMARY

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The workshop summary was displayed in Table 7.1.1 “Workshop summary table”. There were 210
participants to the event. On-site was 75 and on-line was 135.
There were participants from five different countries at the site. No country statistics could obtainto the online participants, but according to the 412 registration statistics, those consisted with 68
nations and regions. Remarkable point was that there were so many applicants from LMICs
compared to that before COVID-19. This reveals that a hybrid workshop is one of the solutions toachieve one of the PIARC goals, “Information sharing to LMICs”.

8.2.

WORKSHOP EVALUATIONThe summary of the wrkshop evaluation was shown in Table 7.2.1 “Workshop evaluation result”.
The survey was delivered in Google Forms after the closing session. In total, 45 answers wereobtained and analysed. The score of each question is over 3pt so that the workshop was successfully
finished with great sucsesss. Compared to each score, we found that there was a room to improvethe discussion.
The below are some of the comments to the workshop and the PIARC.
•

Comments to the workshop
o
o
o
o

•

The i-MOVEMENT, i-DREAMs, and other initiatives were also very useful.
Very good representation and coverage of various disasters and management
thereof to minimize the impact to road users
It seems that every country in the world is managing disasters in its own way, and I
hope that we can minimize disasters by sharing the latest technology.
I could understand the importance of information and communication in disastermanagement.

Comments to PIARC activityoooI have never had a chance to hear about trends in other countries, so this seminar
was very useful.
I learned that PIARC is involved in a wide range of activities, and I would like toparticipate again next time if I can participate via the web.
I would like to hear about infrastructure-related country initiatives for carbon
neutrality.

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Table 7.1.1 Workshop summary table
No.

Items

Remarks
PIARC TC 1.5 Disaster Management

PIARC Technical Committee
1
Cooperated PIARC Technical Committee

PIARC TC 1.4 Climate Change and Road Network
Resilience
PIARC TC 4.2 Bridges

2

Host country

Japan

3

Workshop title

International workshop on Road disastermanagement Using latest information technologies

4

Workshop venue

Kyoto International Community House, Kyoto, Japan

5

Workshop dates

June 30, 2022 (Workshop)
July 01, 2022 (Technical Trip)
On-site

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Number of speakers from lower middle
income and low-income countries
Number of speakers from upper middleincome countries
Number of speakers from high income
countries
Number of participants (exclusive speakers)
from lower middle income and low-income
countries
Number of participants (exclusive speakers)
from upper middle-income countries
Number of participants (exclusive speakers)
from high income countries
Total participants (sum of Q6-Q11)

On-lineParticipantsParticipants

0

2

0

0

8

5

0
0

Registration

(57)
128

67

(46)
(92)

75

(195)
135

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Total participants from host country
Number of lower middle income and lowincome countries represented
Number of upper middle-income countries
represented
Numberofhigh-income
countries
represented.
Was a PIARC Technical Committee meeting
held the same week?
Was the seminar held in connection withanother non-PIARC event? If yes, which
event and organization?
Duration of the seminar, incl. field visit. Was
a field visit organized?
Registration fees – (Currency)

71

(200)

0

(27)

0

(14)

4

(27)
YES (2-day meeting)Co-organized by REAAA
YES
Free

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Table 7.2.1 Workshop evaluation result
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

a) The workshop provided useful
information/knowledge.
b) The content of the workshop was current andrelevant.
c) The methodology of the workshop was productive.
d) The workshop responded to my expectations.
e) The content of the workshop met its terms ofreference.
f) The quality of the presentations was high.
g) The quality of the discussions was high.
h) Time for discussions was adequate.
Strongly agree (4pt)

Agree (3pt)

Neutral (2pt)

Disagree (1pt)

Strongly disagree (0 pt)

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