SPECIALEDITION

Tokyo's taxis continue to evolve!
The entire taxi business is working on initiatives to makecustomers feel the service safety only possible with taxi

An array of measures is being taken to ensure that taxis offer amore familiar and friendly service.
You can find out the fare when making a reservation(the fare is a predetermined fare)
Using a taxi dispatch
reservation application
you can see thepickup anddrop-off
locationsdisplayed

Notification ofpredeterminedfare before you
start yourjourney

As you can find out the fare
beforehand we hopecustomers will feel peaceof mind and a sense thattaxis are a familiar andfriendly service〉〉〉

Taxi-sharing (ride sharing fares)
If you want to use taxis toattend major sports andmusic events, commuting
rush hours, trips to airports
and on rainy days

Sharing a taxi is likely tomake the fare lower and wehope that it will prove an
attractive option on
long-distance journeys too.

Sharing a taxi〉〉〉

Dynamic pricing (flexible pricing for geisha taxis (taxis enroute to pick up customers)). * Pilot project scheduled to be conducted this year.
Ride a taxi during peak
hours such as bad
weather, when major
events are being hosted
and the morning
rush-hour, or during
off-peak times such as
midday.

01

Prior notiﬁcation of
the cost for a geishataxi via a taxi dispatch
app or over the
telephone〉〉〉

It is hoped that people will
use taxis due to dispatch
services that meetcustomer needs.

oy little ta i trips

ith ease

Initial fares now more affordable(fare for shortened distance of initial charge)

The initial fare is

a a in y ooaFares after the changes (in Tokyo)

ni ia aOn January 30, 2017, the newly reduced taxi fares were introduced in the Tokyo 23 wards, Musashino City and Mitaka City. Customers
can now enjoy "little taxi trips" with ease. The fare is in sections that go up and down for the ﬁrst 6.5km. After 6.5km the fare goes up.
This enables people who have rarely used taxis thus far, like the elderly and foreign visitors, to take taxi rides without any worries. It isalso useful for rainy days or when you are carrying bulky luggage through the center of Tokyo.

20 y nTak a axi i
Fare (yen)

3400
3000
2600

k a
Current fare: 2,260 yen
New fare: 2,330 (+70 yen)

i

no

o i s

8k a
Current fare: 2,710 yen
New fare: 2,810 yen (+100 yen)

1800

New fareao n y is anc in Tokyo
0k a
Current fare: 1,450 yen
New fare: 1,450 yen (plus or minus 0 yen)

600
200
0

1

2

a

c a

3

4

5

6

iki

i aka

i as inakanos an asi

7

8

oko a aoi ac ia asakian

Distance
(km)

a

axi

1. Distance-based fare; initial fare 410 yen for 1,052km, 80 yen surcharge per 237m
2. Time and distance-based fare; 80 yen per 90 seconds when driving
at a speed of 10km/hour or less
3. Reserved/out of service taxi charges; set by each taxi operator as a fixed charge

c so

s

a

in k

ib ya

(operational areas: 23 wards of Tokyo, Musashino City and Mitaka City)

T anks o a oa aTokyo 23 wards, Musashino City and Mitaka(using a standard-sized taxi from Tokyo Station)

Current fare

1400
1000

Map of new taxi fares

kaban

i as nnosak saki aba ayok b k oni ia aCurrent fare: 730 yen
New fare: 410 yen (-320 yen)

2200

o o abans oon ainy ays oo

o s yai obas iTokyoTo

ina a aa a asc oasoTokyo ky T
ok

ac i

i onbas i

ak c oTokyo a ion
Ginzanabas iTokyo ii

Notes
1. The fares quoted are daytime fares (for trips between 5am and 10pm).
2. The fares are the distance-based fares from Tokyo Station to whatever destination.
3. There may be some disparity between fares quoted and the actual fare dependingon the time and route taken.

4. Premium fares: 20% surcharge between 10pm and 5am
5. Discount fares: 10% discount for customers with disabilities
Long-distance discount fares: 10% discounton fares exceeding 9,000 yen

a nin a oo

a ion

Our taxis charging an initial fare of 410 yen won the bronze award in the Sankei Living
Newspaperʼs Helpful Awards, were also ranked highly by the Nikkei Marketing Journal in theirrankings survey of hit products in the first half of 2017, and we have won a high reputation
among many customers.

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 02●

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arare aso t are preparatio s are
er ay ahea o theTokyo Olympic a
Paralympic ames s ch as a aptatio to
a
orei
la
a es ata i istri tio systems si
smartpho es etc

The i tro

ctio oe t e eratio

P Ta is is ei

tar eteNext-generation JPN Taxi (Japan Taxi).
The JPN Taxi (Japan Taxi) , a new type of vehicle designed speciﬁcally for use as a taxi, has made its debut. The body is in the

deep indigo “Japan blue” color that symbolizes the nation, and as it is a universal design (UD) vehicle it is easy to board

and alight for elderly passengers and wheelchair users, and can be comfortably used by everyone including
overseas tourists.
It is aimed that 10,000 JPN Taxis will be introduced by the year 2020, taking to the roads of Tokyo as next-generation
taxis providing peace of mind, safety and convenience. Please stop one and take a ride!

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government allocated about 6.1 billion yen as support for introducing UD taxis in its 2016budget proposals, representing a grant of six hundred thousand yen per vehicle.

Number of vehicles introduced (auxiliary base)
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

03

Tokyo

13 vehicles
13 vehicles
15 vehicles
7 vehicles
28 vehicles
1,769 vehicles

According to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

Kanagawa Prefecture

71 vehicles
34 vehicles
17 vehicles
6 vehicles
18 vehicles
103 vehicles

Saitama Prefecture

10 vehicles
4 vehicles
4 vehicles
6 vehicles
2 vehicles
126 vehicles

Chiba Prefecture

6 vehicles
1 vehicles
5 vehicles
1 vehicles
4 vehicles
131 vehicles

y the time theTokyo Olympic a

Paralympic ames e iTraining for Universal Drivers
Training on subjects such as how to communicate with elderly and disabled passengers, how to handle wheelchairs, andhow to assist with boarding is provided by the National Welfare Transportation Service Association.
Courses that offer the necessary training for drivers is also provided by the Tokyo Taxi Center as of April 1, 2014 and halfof the drivers in Tokyo are scheduled to be qualified by 2020.

Transitions in the number of drivers who have completed UD training (Tokyo)

As of March 31, 2018
Source: The National Welfare Transportation Service Association（people）（total sum）

35,00031,971

30,00023,07225,00020,00016,44515,00010,456

10,000
5,000
0

4,970
1,616
Total in 2012

Total in 2013

Total in 2014

Total in 2015

Total in 2016

Total in 2017

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 04

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ri ers ho ca pro i e to risti e ser ices ilish

TSTiE driver certification system
Following on from the Japanese language sightseeing taxi driver certification system, similar
certiﬁcation system was launched in 2015 for drivers who can provide tourist guide services in English.

This is to cope with the diversifying demand due to the increasing number of overseas visitors, byproviding taxi drivers capable of directly giving sightseeing information in English.

From FY2016, under the Act on Special Districts for Structural Reform a system for certifying
Tokyo-specific special ordinance interpreters and guides has been in place, and joint
TSTiE (Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi in English) drivers and Tokyo-specific special ordinanceinterpreters and guides have been cultivated. It is planned to increase the number of sightseeing
taxi drivers, who are proving to be hugely popular with overseas visitors, to 300 drivers by the time of

TSTiE driver certification logo
“TSTiE” stands for “Tokyo

Sightseeing Taxi in English”.

the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Conditions for certification as a TSTiE driverTokyo Sightseeing
certified driver(certified by
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association)■Driver must pass
the Tokyo city guidetraining■Driver must complete
the training foruniversal drivers■Driver must complete
the training in foreign
languages for Tokyo
sightseeing taxi drivers.

Hire-taxi drivers
within central Tokyo

Driver must undergo training
for Tokyo-specific special ordinanceinterpreting and guiding certification(conducted by
Tokyo Metropolitan Government)■Driver must obtain
English language
qualifications
equivalent to a TOEIC
score of 600 or ove■Driver must undergo
56 hours (8 days) oftraining not only inEnglish but infirst-aid, itinerary
management etc.
* Drivers certified as
Tokyo Sightseeing
Certified drivers are
exempt from some of
the above

The merits of TSTiE drivers
With your driver also acting as your guide you can save money by
avoiding the need to pay for an interpreter or guide.

Average cost for 30 minutes
TSTiE driver

1,000 yen
05

There is no need to beaccompanied by an interpreterso the costs incurred byvisitors are small.

TSTiE drivers(certified by Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association)

Tokyo-specific special ordinanceinterpreter and guide(certified by
Tokyo Metropolitan Government)

Tokyo Sightseeing
certified driver training(hosted by Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association)

Tokyo-specific special ordinanceinterpreter and guide(certified by Tokyo Metropolitan Government)reatia pleasa t e

iro me t or isitors rom a roa

Operation of multilingual taxis (Hospitality Taxis)▲ Indicated with this sign

Training on serving visitors from abroad
The training that is offered by the Tokyo Taxi Center, which involves role-playing,is aimed at improving customer service by teaching customs practiced by foreign
nationals, basic communication skills needed in operating a taxi, and more.

Exclusive lanes for drivers who have completed training on serving visitors from abroad
As of December 15, 2014, drivers who have completed the above-mentioned training are granted access to exclusive

lanes. This is to increase the level of hospitality by allowing visitors from abroad to choose taxis with drivers who cancommunicate in English.

10,000Transition in the number of hospitality taxi drivers（people）

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000

1,024

0

October 2014

3,775
March 2015

5,742

March 2016

7,376

March 2017

Goal :
8,568

March 2018

As of March 31, 2018according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 06

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t is hope that o erseas isitors to apa
the co e ie t ta i ser ices o Tokyo

ill also se

Dispatching taxis called using a smartphone app
It is now possible to quickly and easily call a taxi using a smartphone app.
More and more people are using the application as you do not have to tellan operator where to pick you up, your address or where you aregoing, as well for the many other functions it provides.With thetarget of making the service available by the 2020 Tokyo Olympic

and Paralympic Games, work is underway to develop multilingual

dispatch applications and link in relevant service apps fortourism , etc. and these efforts will be eagerly approached andencouraged.

Introduction of multilingual tablet terminals
In order to meet the needs of the increasing number of overseas
visitors to Japan, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has allocated

100 million yen from its FY2018 draft budget and launched a
project to assist the introduction of multilingual tablet terminals(the government will pay half the price up to 50,000 yen pertablet, for a total of 200 tablets).
To help ease the dealings between tax drivers and overseas visitors,

multilingual translation functions, easy payment functions
using smartphones and digital signage advertising using
delivery of all sorts of videos have been made possible, thus

enabling the provision of global-level taxi services endowed with asense of omotenashi (hospitality).

07

TAXI

Promoti

i itali atio aacti e T se to pro i e etter ser ices

Efficiency in vehicles dispatched by radio
Effects brought upon by the introduction of digital systems

Shortened average reception time for dispatch (example by Wireless Group A)

70 seconds to 27 seconds by switching from analog radio to digital radio*time shortened by about 60%

The spread of digital radio

Number of analog radio units（Units）

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Kanto Wireless Association

Number of digital radio units

35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00033,48731,93817,33524,853

10,000
5,000
0

2002

1,861
2003

14,028

8,089
2004

2005

9,710

13,922

18,486

6,367

5,890

2,728

23,59824,51524,46723,992

2007

2008

2009

2010

2006

813

565

21,675

21,8272011

2012

Number of radio dispatches

259

179

97

23,391

23,897

2013

2014

97

62

24,035

22,79523,259

2015

2016

2017

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Kanto Wireless Association（Number of dispatches）

16,500,000
16,000,000
15,500,000
15,000,000
14,500,000
14,000,000
13,500,000
13,000,000
12,500,000
12,000,000
11,500,000
11,000,000
10,500,000
10,000,000
9,500,000

16,460,926

14,429,849

14,650,458

13,573,530
12,593,558
11,648,746
9,555,058
2009

9,901,723
2010

10,530,385
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Acceptance of credit cards, electronic money, etc.
In addition to accepting conventional forms of payment such as cash, tickets, or coupons;
the acceptance of credit cards, IC cards, electronic money, etc. to conform to the diversifi

cation in methods of payment is making payment cashless and fast. The cost of installingsystems for this is about thirty-thousand yen per vehicle but the number of vehicles thathave them is rising each year.

Credit card system installed: 96.3％

Electronic money system installed: 79.7％

As of March 31, 2017, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

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ccess to the airport at reaso a le ares
Operation of fixed-fare taxis
Implementation of the Haneda Airport
fixed fare system
A fixed fare system for rides between Haneda Airportand various locations in Tokyo was introduced withthe collaboration of the International Terminal as of
October 21, 2010. This system allows the offeringof services with fares 10 to 30% lower than thoseindicated on the meters and without the need toworry about fares going up due to conditions suchas traffic congestions.

The “Fixed Fares to Haneda Airport” pageon the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association website

There are also fixed fares to Haneda Airport and●Each vehicle also has a point-and-speak phrase guide

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/teigaku/

Tokyo Disney Resort.

in English, Korean, and Chinese to help smoothening
communication with visitors from abroad.

Fixed fares that are low even on a global scale
The fixed fares to and from the airport are low even on an international scale. There are nosuch fare settings in London (with fares being 1.5 to 2 times higher on the meters thanthose in Tokyo), making them about equal to the fares in New York.

羽田空港定額運賃

Fixed Fares from / to Haneda Airport하네다공항 정액운임羽田机场固定费用

羽田空港⇔下記ゾーンは、
定額運賃＋有料道路利用料でタクシ−をご利用いただけます。
英Taxi fares for the routes between Haneda Airport and the zones below are ﬁxed fares + fees for toll roads.

韓하네다공항⇔아래 지역은 정액운임＋유료도로 이용료로 택시를 이용하실 수 있습니다.

中羽田机场与下列区域之间，乘坐出租车需要付固定费用加收费公路使用费。

国際線ターミナル／国内線ターミナル
International Terminal / Domestic Terminal

定額運賃表국제선 터미널 ／국내선 터미널

Fixed Fare Chart

国际线航站楼／国内线航站楼정액 운임표

固定费用表

適用ゾーン Service Zone 적용지역 适用区域
日本語

江戸川区
台東区
墨田区
文京区
千代田区
新宿区
渋谷区
足立区
葛飾区
荒川区
北区
豊島区
中野区
杉並区
世田谷区
板橋区
練馬区
武蔵野市
三鷹市

English（英語）한국어（韓国語）中国语（中国語）

Edogawa-ku 에도가와구
Taito-ku
Sumida-ku
Bunkyo-ku
Chiyoda-ku
Shinjuku-ku
Shibuya-ku
Adachi-ku

다이토구

墨田区

지요다구

千代田区

분쿄구

신주쿠구
시부야구
아다치구

Arakawa-ku 아라카와구
Toshima-ku

台东区

스미다구

Katsushika-ku 가츠시카구
Kita-ku

江户川区

기타구

도시마구

文京区
新宿区
涩谷区
足立区
葛饰区
荒川区
北区
丰岛区

나카노구

中野区

Setagaya-ku 세타가야구

世田谷区

Itabashi-ku

이타바시구

板桥区

Musashino-shi 무사시노시

武藏野市

Mitaka-shi

三鹰市Nakano-ku

Suginami-ku 스기나미구

Nerima-ku

네리마구
미타카시

杉并区

练马区

定額運賃

深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃

障害者割引適用定額運賃

Fixed Fare
정액운임
固定费用

Fixed fare applicable to late night and early morning premiums야간조조 할증 적용 정액운임适用于深夜、早晨费用加收的固定费用

Fixed fare applicable to discounts for the disabled장애인 할인 적용 정액운임适用于残疾人优惠的固定费用

¥7,000¥7,200¥7,200¥7,300¥5,900¥7,100¥6,600¥8,800¥9,100¥8,300¥8,800¥8,900¥7,900¥8,500¥6,900¥9,900¥10,200¥11,200¥10,600

午後10時〜午前5時にご利用いただいた場合は、深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃となります。

09¥8,400¥8,600¥8,500¥8,800¥7,100¥8,500¥8,000¥10,400¥10,700¥9,800¥10,400¥10,500¥9,400¥10,100¥8,300¥11,600¥12,000¥13,200¥12,500¥6,300¥6,400¥6,400¥6,500¥5,300¥6,300¥5,900¥7,900¥8,100¥7,400¥7,900¥8,000¥7,100¥7,600¥6,200¥8,900¥9,100¥10,000¥9,500＊ 深夜早朝割増及び障害者割引適用定額運賃＊
Fixed fare applicable to late night /early morning premiums and discounts for the disabled야간조조 할증 및 장애인 할인 적용 정액운임适用于深夜、早晨费用加收及残疾人优惠的固定费用

¥7,500¥7,700¥7,600¥7,900¥6,300¥7,600¥7,200¥9,300¥9,600¥8,800¥9,300¥9,400¥8,400¥9,000¥7,400¥10,400¥10,800¥11,800¥11,200＊障害者手帳（身体・知的・精神）の交付を受けている方がご利用の場合は、障害者手帳のご提示により障害者割引制度が適用されます。
*Persons with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certiﬁcates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certiﬁcates.

英Fixed fares applicable to late night and early morning premiums are charged for rides between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

英韓오후10시~아침5시 사이에 이용하실 경우 야간조조 할증 적용 정액운임이 적용됩니다.

韓 ＊장애인 수첩（신체/지적/정신）사용자가 이용하실 경우 장애인 수첩을 제시하면 장애인 할인제도가 적용됩니다.

中从夜里10点到早晨5点乘坐时，适用于深夜、早晨费用加收的固定费用。

中 ＊残疾人证件（身体、智力、精神）持有者乘坐时，出示残疾人证件后可享受残疾人优惠制度。

特別区・武三版

使用開始日：平成29年1月30日

Access routes of fixed-fare taxis

can be searched on the Haneda
Airport Terminal web portal.

er ices e al ate hi hly o a i ter atio al le el
The taxi services in Tokyo are the best in the world
The Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics bid speech
When giving a presentation to the IOC bidding to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Christel Takigawa
stated that the taxi services in Japan are ranked the highest in the world.
【Partial extract of the original document】
A recent study on seventy-five thousand people who travel around the world showed that Tokyo is the safest city inthe world. The same study showed that Tokyo ranked No. 1 in its public transportation system, cleanliness of thestreets, and kindness of its taxi drivers as well.

How kind were the taxi drivers?

What is your overall assessment of the taxi services there?

Tokyo (Japan)

7.71

Tokyo (Japan)

8.18

Singapore

7.58

Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

7.84

Dublin (Ireland)

7.45

London (England)

7.61

Cancun (Mexico)
Punta Cana (Dominican Republic)

7.69
7.46

8.12

Singapore

Dublin (Ireland)

7.70

Source: Results of the 2012 TripAdvisor survey on cities of the world by tourists

Sending messages out to the world

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/
PR activities are being carriedout such as through websites inEnglish for sending out information

overseas and throughout theworld, and through the English

version of “Tokyoʼs Taxis” in PDF
files available on the Tokyo HireTaxi Association website.

English page

“Welcome to Tokyo!” page

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 10

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2n o er ieof the taxi industry

The state of taxis in To yo and apan seen through nu
and data

ers

ssu ing an essential role in city life
only ade possi le ith door to door ser icesum er ofassengers carriedy mode of trans ort

Trains and buses are forms of public transport and therefore operate amid the inevitable restrictions of time and places

to board and dismount. Taxis offer a round-the-clock and door-to-door service. They can be used to fit in with the needs

and lifestyles of customers. As they are not restricted by time and place they are also the ideal mode of transport for busy
metropolitan citizens and those who find travel difficult, such as women rearing small children, and the elderly.

30,633 million people
Total number of carried passengers nationwide :Nationwide（100.0%）

1,452

49.6％

million people(3.98 million
people per day)

30.7％
4.7％
Taxis

9,392
million people

15,260
million people

15.0％

4,583
million people(25.73 million people
per day)(41.66 million people
per day)(12.55 million people
per day)JR

Private railways

Busses5, 232.9 million people

Source: Directory of Traffic Economy
Statistics, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism Japan (2016)

Total number of non-periodic carried passengers in the special wards of Tokyo :Tokyo（100.0%）

311

26.9％

million people(0.85 million
people per day)

6.0％
Taxis

11

1,490
million people

29.5％

1,543
million people

Source: Tokyo Statistical Year Book,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2016)

8.9
million people(20 thousand people
per day)

24.5％
1,283
million people

12.9％

678
million people(3.86 million people
per day)(4.22 million people
per day)(3.51 million people
per day)(1.85 million people
per day)

JR

SubwayPrivate railways

Busses0.2％
Streetcars

otal num er of taxis nationwide

30,813

234,486bb

9％47,757(20.4% of total nationwide)

20.4%

12,874bCorporate taxis

Private taxis

Nihon Kotsu G 11％

Hired

Total number of taxis in Tokyo (2017)

Kokusai
Motorcars G 7％

Daiwa Motor
Transportation G 5％

Private taxis

27％

4,070

Other

companies9％

Checker Cab G

8％

Green Cab3％

Hired taxis

Teito Motor
Transportation G 5％

東京無線協組
8％b

Toto Motors G 4％

Hinomaru G 4％

ransitions in the total num er of taxis nationwide
As of March 31, 2017, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(by ten thousand)28

270,703
267,14127
26 256,403
25

257,780

256,403

273,181 273,740 273,529

271,327
265,431

263,282

259,033
257,088 256,343

251,466
246,322

243,24724
23

240,853

236,643
234,486
238,606

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

ransitions in the num er of cor orate taxis in o yo
As of March 31, 2018, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau(by thousand)

40

35,61935
30,37130 28,632

29,19225

31,384
31,24332,18931,80633,28832,59634,44436,74337,671 37,095
35,27131,31431,09230,92430,91330,90730,81330,848

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 12

SECTION

2●

SECTION

2n o er ieof the taxi industry

eeting regional transportation needs in fi e ones
axi ones and num er of vehicles

Nishitamatransportation area

Kitatamatransportation area
39 companies

8 companies

Corporate taxis

209

Corporate taxis
Private taxis

Special zones /Busan transportation area
345 companies

1 , 737

Corporate taxis

157

Hired taxis

Total

4,070
31,646

Private taxis

12,45727, 576● Hikawa●Ome● Ikebukuro● Itsukaichi● Tachikawa● Shinjuku● Tokyo● Hachioji● Shinagawa● Machida

OshimaMinamitamatransportation area
25 companies

Corporate taxis
Private taxis

1, 227
260

NiijimaIslands District
33 companies
Corporate taxis

64

Miyakejima

Hachijojima

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

13syste atichour ser ice syste of a out

people per ehicle

he scale of cor orate taxi com anies
Taxi companies, which are mostly small and mid-sized, do not receive monetary aid from the government like otherpublic transportation companies do.
By scale in number of employees

By scale in capital

Capital Number of companies by scale：

391 companies

Number of employees Number of companies by scale：

391 companies（100.0%）（100.0%）301 - 1,000 people

1,001 people or more

（15.1%）（0.3%）

100 million yen or less

39 companies

1 companies

59 companies

More than
100 million yen

2 companies（10.0%）

100 people or less50 million yen or less（27.1%）（11.2%）（0.5%）

10 million yen or less

44 companies

106 companies

166 companies（42.5%）

101 - 300 people

30 million yen or less（57.5%）（35.8%）

225 companies

140 companies

As of March 31, 2017, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

he service system of cor orate taxis
Corporate taxis use a service system that meetsthe demands of each and every passenger

PM12:00

0
0:0

AM

2:0

throughout the year primarily with the vehicles

00
8:
AM

0
8:0
AM

0

0

Shift C

Shift B

AM

:0 0

1:
00

PM6:00

0

6:0 0
AM

4:

0

3:0

0

AM

AM

2:0

0

0

00

4:0
AM

AM

PM
8:0

AM6:0012

PMAM 7 :0AM

additional shift systems including Shift G
Shift I (4 p.m. to 10 a.m.).

PM

24
hours

Dispatch

are also a few vehicles that operate in(2 p.m. to 8 a.m.), Shift H (3 p.m. to 9 a.m.), andShift E
Shift F

Shift A

*1. In addition to Shifts A to F on the right, there

AM 10 :0 0

0

7:0

9:0

AM Shift D

0

4:0
PM

driven by about 2.5 drivers each, and divided
into six shifts, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F.

PM

1from early in the morning to late at night all

Ret

2:0

urn

0
AM 1 :0 0

AM0:00

:00

10

PM

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 14

SECTION

2●

SECTION

2n o er ieof the taxi industry

a or costs a ount toof all costs
The taxi usiness is a la or intensi e usinesshe cost structure of cor orate taxis
Special zones / Busan district (30 standard companies) in 2016

■ Fuel and oil costs…7.0%

Total labor costs■ Vehicle repair costs…1.5%

73.4%■ Vehicle amortization costs…1.7%■ Non-operating expenses…0.8%■ Other…15.6%

Insurance premiums
Vehicle lease fees
● Imposed facility tax● Facility charges● Accident compensation fees
● Road usage fees, etc.
●●

Cost structure transitions%
Year

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total labor
79.9 79.3 79.0 78.4 78.5 78.4 77.1 76.7 76.1 75.8 74.9 73.5 73.8 73.8 72.6 72.6 72.3 72.4 73.2 73.4
costs

Fuel andoil costs

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.5

5.9

6.2

6.8

6.9

6.1

6.9

7.1

6.8

7.3

6.7

5.2

7.0

Vehiclerepair costs 1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.5

Vehicleamortization costs 2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.0

1.2

1.6

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.7

Non-operating
0.9
expenses

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.9

0.8

1.0

0.8

Other

11.4 11.8 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.3 13.2 13.6 13.9 14.2 14.5 15.4 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 16.4 16.8 17.4 15.6
As of March 31, 2017, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

15

onsumerrice index s ecial wards of o yo
Index uses 1975 as 100

（％）

400

Education
350

300

Taxi
250

Healthcare

200

GeneralUtilities

150

100

1975

〜

1985

〜

1989

〜

1998

〜

2008

2009 2010

2011

2012

2013 2014

2015

2016

2017

Source: “Costs in Tokyo” by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2017)

he rise of taxi fares com ared with the rising faresof other forms of u lic trans ortat
Index uses 1966 as 100
1510.3 times

10

4.1times

6.6 times

6.2 times

JR

Privaterailways

11.3 times

5.5 times

5

0

Taxis

SubwayBussesStreetcars

Source: Post-war Price Chronology (Shukan Asahi, 1995)
Iwanami Japanese History Dictionary (Iwamani Shoten, 1999)
Annual Report on Urban Transportation (Institution for Transport Policy Studies, 2017)

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 16

SECTION

2●

2

SECTIONn o er ieof the taxi industry

cti e e orts are eing ade in dealingfuel prices and en iron ental easuresheith uctuating

rices of fuel for taxis

LP gas prices are always unstable due to large fl uctuations in FOB prices and currency exchange rates, and because halfof the imports are from Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries.

Shifting LPG prices

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association(yen / liter)

85

78.78

75

71.23

70.44

70

66.71

65

66.30

60
55
50

83.66

82.96

80

52.09

53.75

51.50 50.76

52.99 53.51

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

52.53

53.97 54.04

71.85

59.11

57.27

66.94

66.68

58.57

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

nvironmental measures
As of 1962, corporate taxis in Tokyo have been running on the environmentallyfriendly LP gas,

which emits low amounts of substances such as Nox (nitrogen oxide), SPM (suspended particulatematter), and Sox (sulfur oxide). The drivers also do their best to control air pollution by practicing“eco-driving” (fuel-effi cient driving) as well as conform to idling stop driving, which is required
under Tokyoʼs ordinance on environmental preservation.

The eager efforts towards lowering environmental burdens launched in FY2004(the Green Management certification system) are being maintained, while theintroduction is being encouraged of the JPN Taxi (LPG-HV) that went on sale in

October 2017, as well as low-consumption hybrid and PHVs, and low-pollution

fuel cell vehicles (FCV) and electric vehicles (EV). An EV/HV taxi stand was set up
in front of the Shin-Marunouchi Building at JR Tokyo Station in October 2011.

Number of taxis by fuel type
By fuel type

LPG

converted
vehicles (*1)

Pluginhybridvehicles(PHV)Electric
vehicles
(EV)

Clean
dieselvehiclesGasolinepowered
vehicles

燃料電池車

Total

LPG

Hybrid(HV)Special zones / Busan district

24,679

1,408

293

3

5

4

174

1

26,274

Tama district

2,875

169

3

2

3

2

63

0

3,114

Total

27,554

1,577

296

5

8

6

237

1

29,388

By district(Note) *1. So-called triple hybrid vehicles, where hybrid vehicles such as the Prius have been modifi ed so that they can run on LPG.

As of April 1, 2017, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

17

early amount of tax

aid

er vehicle

Amount of tax paid for an LPG taxi vehicle: (standard-sized vehicle) 597,084 yen, previous year (595,551 yen)

[National tax] ● Liquefied petroleum gas tax: 152,821 yen[Local tax]
Classification● Consumption tax: 400,472 yen● Automobile acquisition tax: 10,248 yen
Tax type

Amount● Petroleum and coal tax: 16,243 yen● Automobile weight tax: 7,800 yen● Automobile tax: 9,500 yen

Basis for calculation

Remarks

Liquefi ed
petroleumgas tax

152,821 yen

Amount of tax: 9.8 yen per liter
Annual distance: 88,884 km(246.9 km per day)
Retained amount: 5.70km per liter

Petroleumand coal tax

16,243 yen

Amount of tax: 1,860 yen per ton
Annual usage: 15,594 liters

Vehicletype

National tax

Standardsized
vehicle40,992 yen

Consumption
tax

7.0/100 of 49,438 in 2016transportation income= 3,461 yen × 365 days × 8/100

Vehicle repair cost

1.5/100 of 49,438 in 2016transportation income= 742 yen × 365 days × 8/100

Non-operating cost

0.8/100 of 49,438 in 2016transportation income= 396 yen × 365 days × 8/100

Other expenses

15.6/100 of 49,438 in 2017transportation income= 7,712 yen × 365 days × 8/100

21,666 yen
11,563 yen

225,190 yen

Automobile
weight tax

8/100 of 2,562,000 as thecost of a vehicle= 204,960 yen ÷ 5 years

Fuel and oil cost

101,061 yen

Standard-sized
vehicles:

7,800 yen

8% taxed as ofApril 1, 2014

2,600 yen per 0.5 tons

Local tax

Automobile
acquisition
tax

10,248 yen

2/100 of 2,562,000 as the cost ofa vehicle= 51,240 yen ÷ 5 years

Automobiletax

9,500 yenThose (for business) that exceed
1,500cc(Note) 1. Subject to consumption tax of 8% as of April 1, 2014 (3% increase)

Gaseous hydrocarbon*1,860 yen per ton
as of April 1, 2016

Taxed as of April 1, 1984

As of April 1, 2018, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 18

SECTION

2●

SECTION3

The loosening of regulations regarding entry
in the taxi industry and its repercussions

Here we introduce how the regulations of the taxi industry have changed
with the times: from the loosening of regulations to the current state

easures to address the decline in num er of vehicles after theloosening of wor ing conditions of taxi drivers ＊1＊2
Restrictions on the number of taxi were eliminated on February 1,■ Entry has become extremely easy and the expenses required per vehicle
have dramatically dropped as a result of the substantial loosening of theconditions for entry. Because it has become a business that anyone canenter at reasonable fees, the number of taxis has grown significantly ina short period of time to reach 6,087 vehicles. There is also a significant
number of companies that started off with ten vehicles but increased their
number of vehicles due to increased management efficiency.
■ Taxis are regulated in some form or another in terms of comprehensive
metropolitan transport policies in most major cities throughout the world.
However, metropolitan transport policies were ignored in Japan andprinciples of competition were forced in. This led to opposite effects suchas the wages of drivers decreasing and traffic disturbances.

2002 and the terms and conditions that were put in place until thenwere substantially loosened as shown below.

❶ From a system of approval to a system of prior notification❷ The minimum number of vehicles that had to be kept dropping from 60 to 10❸ From the need to own a business office and garage to having rights to lease❹ From the need to purchase new vehicles to the right to purchase used vehicles

The supply-side control measures (the designation, etc. of specifi ed special regions for monitoring) enacted
by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism through notifi cation on July 11, 2008
■ New entry → The minimum number of vehicles is to be increased from 10 to 40 (special zones / Busan area)■ Increased number of vehicles → upgraded inspections, etc.
■ Decreased number of vehicles → exempt from inspections■ Initiatives related to the autonomous decrease of vehicles within the industry

evisions in the

ct on

ecial

easuresThis has led to a signifi cantdecrease in the number ofvehicles as of 2010.

oncerning axis

＊3

The “Act on the Partial Revision of Acts on Special Measures, etc. Concerning the Standardization andRevitalization of General Passenger Vehicle Transportation Business in Specifi c Regions” was enacted on
January 27, 2014 (designation, etc. of specific and semi-specific regions).
■ New entry: by permission■ Increasing vehicle count: by notification■ Automatically approved fares (strict examinations for fares that fall below the minimum)

General rules

Specific regions (designated by the Minister andadvisory committee of the governing council)■ New entry / increasing vehicle count: prohibited
Period: 3 years■ Enforceable supply reduction measures■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes are given if fares fall below the minimum)

Antitrust law exemption
Regional planning

Business operator

Approval

Approval
Business operator plans

Council■ New entry: by approval
Period: 3 years■ Increasing vehicle count: by permission■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes are given if fares fall below the minimum)

Proposals for decreases throughbusiness methods
It is necessary for all inside
operators to get approval forplans from business operators.

(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans and supply
reduction measures)
Recommendations and orders concerning
decreases through business methods

Outside operator

Semi-specific regions(designated by the Minister)The government

Regional planning

Business operator Authorization
Revitalization project plans

Business operator

By registration[training]

19

Designated regions

Specific designated regions

By registration[examination]

By registration[examination](designated by notification)(designated by notification)

Opinions on new entry andincreasing vehicle count
Gathering opinions(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans along with supply
reduction measures)
Permission for new entry / approval
for increased vehicle count*Cancelled regardless of the designated institution if it has been
confirmed that there is no other reason for designation.

Nationwide

Council

Antitrust law applied

The government*Cancelled regardless of the designated institution if it has been
confirmed that there is no other reason for designation.

◆ Mandatory measures to prevent overworked driving

Stipulations concerning the prevention of overworked driving have been
upgraded from being ministerial ordinances to being legal obligations.

◆ Implementing revitalization projects for business operators

Providing stipulations that are of the same intentions as those of the
Trucking Business Act.

om aring framewor s that involve taxi

usiness regulations

Source: The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2014)

Relationshipwith P19

Entry

ー

＊1

Loosening of
regulations
Before 2002

Loosening of
regulations
After 2002

By licensing

By permission By permission By permission By permission By permission＊2

Enforcement of law on special measures
After October 2009

Specific regions

General rules(specifi ed inaccordance withfactors such as
excess supply)＊3

Acts for the promotion of improved services
and safe usage of taxis
Semi-specificregions

General rules (specifi ed regionsthat may haveexcess supply)(licensed only within the (permitted if criteria (permitted if criteria(permitted if criteria (permitted within the(permitted only whenrange needed to meetsuch as safety
such as safety
such as safety
range where there is no
demands)
standards are met) standards are met) there is new demand) standards are met)
excess supply)Specific regions(specifi ed regions thathave excess supply)

Permission notgrantedBy approval

By approval
Increasing (approved only within
vehicle count the range needed tomeet demand)

Fares

By approval(2) Promotion of decreased vehicle counts

Measures against excess supply(1) Controlling increased
vehicle countsー(- approved within therange where there is no
By prior notifi cation By prior notifi cation By approval By prior notifi cation
excess supply- approved with(unregulated as a (unregulated as a (approved only when (unregulated as acompliance withthere is new demand)
general rule)
general rule)
general rule)laws, managerial
eff orts, etc. taken into
consideration)

By approval

By approval

By approval

Emergency
adjustment
measures

Emergency adjustment measures(new entry and(new entry and increased number of vehicles
increased numbers of are prohibited for a specifi ed period in regions
vehicles are prohibited
where excess supplies are found)
for a specifi ed period inregions where excess
supply is found)

By approvalーParticipation in theCouncilEfforts by business
operators

ー

ー

ー

ー

ー

ー

(autonomously
developing demand,for instance bydecreasing the numberof vehicles based onplans developed by theCouncil)
No antitrust law
exemption

Measures forbusiness operators
not participating in
the Council→ noneーーApproval notgranted

Authorized
unregulated faresystemAuthorized
unregulated faresystemーーParticipation in theCouncil
Initiatives bybusiness operators

Participation in theCouncilEfforts by business
operators(- notifi cations on the (- notifi cations on therange stipulated by the range stipulated by thegovernment / orders to government / orders tochange fares outsidechange fares outside
the range)
the range)(autonomously(- mandatory decrease ofdeveloping demand,
the number of vehicles
for instance bybased on plans developed bydecreasing the number
the Councilof vehicles based on - autonomously developing
plans developed by thedemand based on plans
Council)developed by the Council)
With antitrust law
No antitrust law
exemption
exemption

Measures forbusiness operators
not participating in
the Council→ noneMeasures forbusiness operators
not participating in
the Council(orders to decrease
supply transportation
capacity throughrestrictions on businessmethods)

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 20

SECTION

3
●

4
a

e

r
futurett at es

s

f ta

r ers

We are trying to secure a new young generations of drivers,
and improve their working conditions.

ere s a r u
m are
t

y
m
ye
t er
ustr esffere e a era e year ymeee must ma e eff rts t m r e t e s tuatComparison of income between taxi drivers and workers
in other industries
by ten thousand yen

88

700

1

8

2

2

8

600
a
a

a

o k s o a iny a y incos i s in Tokyo

00

500
28

01

400

0

1
2

8

300

2

i

s in Tokyo aay a y inco

22

200

100

Taxi

88
8

0
1968

〜

1975

〜

1985

〜

1989

〜

1998

〜

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Male workers of allindustries in Tokyo

88

〜

259

〜

496

〜

579

〜

688

〜

669

661

634 652647 643

678

692

677

685

Taxi drivers
in Tokyo

85

〜

223

〜

428

〜

500

〜

496

〜

436

365

348 379401 403

392

393

443

419

Year

(by ten thousand yen)(by ten thousand yen)

Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017)

Comparison of the estimated yearly income of automobile drivers(males, in Tokyo)
The same income as bus drivers due to a
Taxi

(by a
thousand yen)

4,185

7,000
6,000

Truck (large)

5,296

Truck
(medium / small)

4,565

Bus

5,774

38% increase
All industries

6,853

5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017)

Comparison of yearly income between taxi drivers in various
countries(Estimated: Adjusted to labor hours
on a Japanese level)

The same income as N.Y. taxi drivers
due to a

14 % increaseabout 5.24 million yen(British citizens)
about 4.77 million yen(immigrants)
about 3.1 million yen about 4.2million yen(by ten(immigrants)
thousand yen)

600
500
400
300
200
100
0

・1 Singapore dollar ＝ 80 yen
・1 US dollar ＝ 105 yen

・1 pound sterling ＝ 149 yen(As of April 2018)

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018

4

4

e

r m t
t e emafema e r ers

rt

yme t f es f tar ers ara uate

The current state of taxi drivers
New graduates are welcome in the industry , as the average age of taxi drivers is now very high at 58.6 years old. They can flexibly
respond to diversifying needs such as sightseeing taxis and nursing care / maternity taxis, and enhance the image of the industry as well.
As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

(age)

59
58
57
56
55
54

53.9

53
52
51
50
49

50.8

51.2

51.1

51.7

54.5

55.0

55.5

56.0

56.4

56.7

56.8

57.2

57.9

57.9

58.2

58.4

58.6

58.6

58.4

52.1 52.3

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2017)(hours)

230
220

217

212

210
200

221
210

209
203

198

219

217

202

200

202

198

204

205

200

180

176

170

178

177

195

193

190

190

Taxi drivers in Tokyo
Male workers of all industries
in Tokyo

177

177

178

178

177

177

174

178

178

200
186

186
177

175

174

176

173

173

174

172

175

176

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Numbers of taxi drivers

Numbers of taxi drivers
Numbers of female drivers

Numbers of female drivers

1,363 ※

68,017 ※

1,400
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

19

91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17

82,00080,00078,00076,00074,00072,00070,00068,00066,00064,00062,00060,00058,00056,000*The number of drivers in the Tama district and Islands district increased in addition to those in the special zones and the Busan district in 2016.
As of March 31, 2018, according to the Santama Branch of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association and the Tokyo Taxi Centerfuturet at es

Securing new manpower through employmentof recently graduated drivers●●●

Low turnover rate (about 10% of new graduates who become taxi
drivers leave the profession, while the rate is 30% in other in dustries)

The income is higher than others in the same age range
The average monthly income in the taxi industry in 2017: 334,300 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates in Tokyo: 214,900 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates: 206,100 yen(Source: Results of the Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare (2017))

Easy to have a work-life balance(Those with alternate-day shifts can make time for themselves with 11 to 13
working days per month.)

1,393(people)

1,500
1,000
500
100

172

392

672

PR fl iers for the hiring of
new-graduate drivers

1,002

50
0
2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Initiatives to improve the employment of younger and female drivers
From FYs 2016 and 2017 The Tokyo Foundation for Employment Services commissioned us with a group issue-dedicatedproject on human resources support, and in an effort to aid the recruitment of younger and female drivers as well as tohelp prepare an environment for fostering, retaining and employing such workers we provided members with seminars
and consultation, and implemented a joint explanatory session expressly for the taxi sector.

Implementation of job-hunting support taxis
As of 2015, “job-hunting support taxis”, which provide a service where university
students who are job hunting are given free initial fare services in order to advertisetaxi driving as a choice for employment, contribute to society, and enhance the imageof the industry.

見本

Taxicabs in Tokyo 201844

Safety measuresa a ese ta s at e r re utat
f r safety aa e e t e f ures t
a u t s re utatase ur tyt at essafety ata
us essse ur tyeamt
e eetter safety ase ur ty are t e

ar

ft e

Transition in the number of accidents causing injury or death
As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

Accidents causing injury or death / cases(cases)

8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0

4,265
8

4,813

7

5,068
9

5,222

6

7,226 6,741

6,330 6,303 6,085
5,917

9
5

3

9
3

4

5,604 5,467

6

6,072

8
4

6,080 5,885
5,381

7

4,764

Deaths / people

4,157

8
4

4

4

3,637 3,256
6

4

9
2,977

(people)

20
15

3,045
4

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 201710
5
0

On the introduction of drive recorders
Drive recorders, like flight recorders for automobiles, equipped with CCD cameras and G sensors.
They are used for efficiency in dealing with automobile accidents as well as for education andtraining on safety.

99.15% of corporate taxis have external cameras and95.98% have internal cameras.

Measures for preventing automobile accidents
In addition to holding spring & autumn traffic safety campaigns, safe driver contests, transportation safety checks and overhaul
inspections during the summer and year-end / New Year holiday seasons, Zero Accident Day activities, and summer campaigns forending all traffic accidents, corporate taxi companies actively participate in the prevention of traffic accidents by promoting activities
such as “This city and streets where kindness runs through”, “Great campaign to prevent traffic accidents with all our might”, “Aiming
to make Tokyo the city with the best road safety in the world” and “Proper seat belt fastening”, as well as spring & autumn workshops
for accident prevention officers, by labeling the fifth of every month “Zero Taxi Accident Day”, and distributing posters and stickers.

As of March 31, 2018, business offices with 170 union members, 159 offices with 9,304 vehicles in bodily injury mutual aid
associations, 131 offices with 8,215 vehicles are affiliated.
Safety education for the prevention of traffic accidents and a mutual aid system for traffic accidents (where up to 200 million yen
per person and 200 million yen per accident in benefits are provided in cases where maximum insurance coverage is exceeded)
are established. Furthermore, an umbrella policy with a Cooperative package that provides 5 billion yen (200 million yen
exemption) per accident in coverage was incorporated in April 2000.
There is also an add-on security system of workers' accident compensation insurance for occupational and nonoccupational
deaths of employees as well as occupational residual disabilities in place (127 offices with 19,897 people in public welfare andmutual aid businesses affiliated)Automobile accident prevention and victim support

The National Agency for Automotive Safety & Victims' Aid provides dispatchers with "guidance lectures," "aptitude Tests"
for drivers and "safety management services" for management level personnel, all of which efforts are aimed at preventing
automobile accidents. Victims of automobile accidents are also provided with psychological and economic support.
Measures to ensure the prevention of accidents are taken through courses on
dispatching duties and the laws involved to maintain the safe operation of
automobiles.
In order to ascertain the characteristics of individual drivers, various diagnoses are
made from a psychological and physiological aspect of the driversʼ personalities,
their attitudes toward safe driving, cognitive and processing capabilities, and visual
capabilities, as well as guidance and advice on safe driving that takes into account their personal traits. Lectures on theuse of altitudinal diagnosis are also offered for dispatchers.
We support dispatchers through consulting and the hosting of seminars etc. about safety management in order thatthey can build and maintain a corporate culture of safety management that involves uniform efforts by everyone frommanagement to drivers.
Victims of automobile accidents are given both psychological and economic support such as through payments ofnursing care fees for those suffering from serious residual disabilities, loans for orphans from automobile accidents, theestablishment of medical centers, and the opening of hotlines for consultations on accidents. (toll-free: 0570-000738)

As of March 31, 2018, according to the National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid(people)35,00030,000

Taxis (excluding private taxis)
TrucksBusses

25,00022,57020,00022,85815,00016,827

16,11010,000

7,718
7,562

5,000

96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17

95

19

94

19

93

19

92

19

19

19

91

0

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018

SECTION6

The improvement in taxi services
We are implementing all sorts of measures in order to help as many customers
as possible use our services with ease.

vai a eho rs a athe maternit hospita

hen it is time to r sh o toMaternity Taxis (Support for pregnant women)
Simply by registering once, customers can be immediately taken to the hospitalwhen needed, 24 hours a day, 365 days a week, without the need to give the driver
directions.
This service began in 2012 and about 70% of the thirty-one thousand corporate
taxis in Tokyo have became available for the service. About 70% of the pregnant
women in Tokyo have registered and roughly 40% have used a Maternity Taxi
when going into labor.

Number of Maternity Taxi registrations / number of dispatches during labor
Number of registrations(people)

7,500

7,517

(80.0％)

7,000

6,556

(69.8％)

6,500

1,908

(20.3％)

6,000

1,904

5,000

(19.3％)(20.0％)(65.2％)

1,866

6,133

(65.3％)

5,500

1,815

(20.3％)

1,875

6,125

5,782

(61.5％)

5,269

1,423

2016
Nov. Dec.

5,833(56.1％)(15.1％)

5,435(71.5％)

2,174(23.1％)

2,257

6,725

(71.6％)(62.1％)

Mar. Apr.

Number of dispatches during labor

7,270(80.4％)

2,170(23.1％)

2,263

6,055

2,154

(22.9％)(24.1％)

2,175

5,966

(67.4％)

5,934(63.5％)

6,296

2,100

(67.0％)(63.1％)

1,897(20.2％)

2,196

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1,850

(23.4％)

1,600*Number of deliveries inTokyo in 2017 (per month)：9,398 people
May

2,350

(64.4％)(23.1％)

6,336(22.0％)(cases)2,600(77.4％)(25.8％)(24.0％)(19.9％)(57.8％)

2017
Jan. Feb.

2,095(22.3％)

2,066

6,717

7,552

2,423

2018
Jan. Feb.

1,350
Mar.

Source: Annual populations statistics (confirmed) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Table of radio taxi dispatches, by the Kanto Automobile Wireless Associationee sa e hen o r chi is ein transporte
eca se o no the river
Kids’ taxis (Childcare support)
Your child, even if alone, can take a taxi with a deferred payment system driven by an elite
driver in charge of kids whom they are familiar with. It is a popular service that is mostly
used for travelling to and from home and school / cram school. Passengers with newborns orinfants can also relax without having the need to worry about their surroundings.
27

Kosodate Taxis
Support by the National Kosodate Taxi Association through transportation for households raising children. Convenienttaxi services for children, their guardians, and pregnant women, where drivers who have received training from the
National Kosodate Taxi Association provide support to customers accompanying small children or large amounts ofluggage, take the place of guardians to pick up children from preschools, after-school daycare centers, or cram schools,
or provide smooth transportation for pregnant women in labor

Prefectures with registeredChild Raising Taxis services
Unregistered

36％

Registered64％

30 prefectures

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2017)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi drivers in Japan(people)

2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000

600
400
200

215

407

675

915

1,101

1,274

1,450

1,643

1,700 1,777

2,171

1,875

people

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2017)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi companies in Japan(companies)

160

127

140
120
100
80
60
40

40

48

55

2007

2008

68

142

146

2012

2013

134

139

137

2014

2015

2016

150

97

20
0

2006

2009

2010

2011

2017

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2017)

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 28

SECTION

6●

6

SECTION

The improvement in taxi services

erti e rivers can i e o thro h To
ma or to rist sites in near pre ect res
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi
As part of the measures to revitalize taxi services, the Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi
Promotion Association, which consists of experts on tourism, administrative
agencies, related organizations, and others in the taxi industry, was establishedin 2012 along with a certification system. Those who have completed three
examinations and a course become certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers. These
drivers, who have attained special tourism skills, can offer Tokyo sightseeing taxi
services.
● Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi webpage

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/kanko̲taxi/

Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi Promotion Association
Experts on
tourism

RelatedOrganizations

Administrative
Agencies

Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association
Taxi revitalization
project team(and executive office)Institution-building / Exchanges of Opinions
Certification for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
Tokyo city guide screening
Implementing organization:
the Tokyo Convention & Visitors
BureauUniversal Driver training
Researching organization:
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association, etc.

Coursetaken

Pass

Tokyo sightseeing taxi driver certification training

Training
complete

Tokyo sightseeing taxi driver

29

o an

Transition in the number of certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
The target is to certify 3,000 drivers by the year 2020. The system requires renewal every two years, and the drivers
renewing for the fist time in particular have to undergo extra training, through which the all-round improvements of
their skills is targeted.
(people) (total sum)099
As of August 5,
2012

673

369
99

369
99

As of April 1,
2013

As of April 1,
2014

402
504

373

341
722

564

402

373

504

As of April 1,
2016

As of April 1,
2017

673
As of April 1,
2015

1,969

Renewed

500

468

564

1,835

Renewed

1,000

Renewed

1,141

1,500

1,610

Renewed

2,000

1,929

■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2018219

■ Renewed April 1, 2018

647

■ Renewed April 1, 2017

341
722
As of April 1,
2018■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2017
■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2016

■ Renewed April 1, 2016
■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2015

■ Renewed April 1, 2015
■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2014
■ Certiﬁed April 1, 2013

■ Certiﬁed August 5, 2012

As of April 1, 2018, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Beneﬁts for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers are recommended to stay by their passengers and play the multiple roles of tour guide,
photographer, and helper. We have received preferential treatment through the contents below by presenting our logo
magnets and certificates, and hope to further expand our activities in the future.
● Tokyo Tower
Free access to parking areas (drivers only)● Tokyo Skytree
Free parking for up to two hours● The Imperial Palace
Exclusive parking space for sightseeing taxis at¥300 obtained(until now limited to sightseeing busses)● The Metropolitan Government Building
Access to a priority parking area. The parking
space can be used for up to one hour.
● The Edo-Tokyo Museum
Free access to regular exhibitions (drivers only)
Discounted fee (¥500 yen / hr.)Long-distance Tokyo sightseeing taxis
The need for long-distance trips has increased with the registration of places such as Mount Fuji and the Tomioka Silk
Mill as World Heritage sites. By setting courses in a system that is convenient for customers, they can now easily takeadvantage of this opportunity with Tokyo sightseeing taxis.

【Examples of set routes】●●●

Tokyo to Fuji-Hakone

Tokyo to the Tomioka Silk Mill / Kusatsu Hot Springs

Tokyo to the Gotemba Premium Outlets: ¥55,000 (fare)(* Guide fees, parking fees, etc. not included)

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 30

SECTION

6●SECTION6

The improvement in taxi services

or active comm nication

ith passen ers

Public relations activities
Website http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp

We have launched a website detailing the state of the taxi
sector, and recent taxi service and CSR initiatives, and areseeking to provide the public with the latest information. An
English language version has been created and we are relaying
information to other countries and the rest of the world.

T's life

Top page in Japanese

Association outline& Access page

Top page in English

http://tslife.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/

Although it's not yet widely known, T's life is a Web magazine thatprovides information about the new attractions of taxis. It contains the"T-gourmet" feature in which taxi drivers reveal their recommended
eating places, the Smart Crew column where you can read interviews
with actual working taxi drivers, images of situations captured on drive
recorders where taxi drivers have narrowly avoided accidents, andmuch more. The magazine is packed with contents that provide readers with a firsthand feeling about the world of taxis.

Questionnaire surveys
Questionnaire surveys are conducted every year to see how the general public views taxis and to receive feedback andcomments. Ten thousand surveys were distributed to radio taxi users at major taxi stands in Tokyo from July 12 to July 31 in 2017
and the results are being used to improve services.

Q1：How many times a month
do you take a taxi?
■ : About 1 to 3 times■ : About 4 to 10 times■ : More than 10 times

Special zones in
the Tokyo /Busantransportationareas■ : No response

Q2：How do you see current
taxi fares when consideringthat the service isdoor-to-door?
■ : They are reasonable■ : They are expensive■ : They are inexpensive■ : No response

0.5％
17.8％
31.8％

0.8％

Special zones in
7.8％
the Tokyo /
Busan
18％
transportation
73.4％
areas

Q3：From January 30, 2017 an initial fare of 2.9％ 4.1％

410 yen is being charged for taxi rides in thespecial zones in Tokyo and Busan transportation
area:- what do you think of this initiative?
■ : Extremely good

■ : Good■ : Neither good or bad■ : Bad31■ : No response■ : Not so good

49.9％

27.7％

Special zones in
the Tokyo / Busantransportation areas

1.1％
29.5％

34.7％

Kita-tama,
Minami-tama,andNishi-tamatransportation
areas

Kita-tama,
Minami-tama,andNishi-tamatransportation
areas

1.4％

11.7％
31％

55.9％

2.1％

6.2％
16.6％

75.1％

Overall

0.6％

16.7％

51％

31.7％

Overall

7.5％

17.7％

73.8％

Q4：What do you think about the service 0.7％ 2.1％

standards of the taxis you usually use (fromthe perspective of safety, comfort, courtesy
and so on)?
■ : Extremely good
■ : Average■ : Good■ : Bad■ : Extremely bad■ : No response

37.9％

Kita-tama,
Minami-tama,
and Nishi-tamatransportation areas

1％

0.7％

13.1％

45.5％

ease ta e a vanta e o the vario ss stems an avai a e services

isco nt

Discount system for the disabled
There are discounts for the handicapped as well as 10% discounts on fares shown on the meters for people withintellectual disabilities.

The use of Braille stickers
Braille stickers including company names and vehicle numbers are stuck inside taxis as a service for the visually impaired.

Discounts for long-distance rides
Discounts are available for passengers who take long-distance rides.

Non-smoking taxis
Smoking is prohibited in all taxis in order to prevent health hazards and oﬀer pleasantrides.

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 32

SECTION

6●SECTION6

The improvement in taxi services

ncrease e orts in improvin services
to ether ith the To o Taxi enter
Implementation of the taxi driver registration system
Examinations on safe transportation, convenience, education and guidance on customer service are given to drivers to
improve driver quality. Those who pass are issued a driverʼs certificate.
There are certificates for private taxi drivers as well.

Transitions in the number of registered taxi drivers

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center(people)120,000
100,000

105,087
99,383 98,834 98,973 100,058 100,720 100,404 100,721 101,481 102,929 100.0% 103,251 98,870

100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

100.0%

80,00060,00040,00020,0000Corporate

Private100.0% 94,046
100.0% 90,216 87,838 85,517
84,535 83,905
100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

80,605 79,992 80,253 81,431 82,186 82,136 82,634 83,686 85,425 88,106 86,893 83,155 78,907 75,638 73,822 71,977 71,461 71,355
81.1% 80.9% 81.1% 81.4% 81.6% 81.8% 82.0% 82.5% 83.0% 83.8% 84.2% 84.1% 83.9% 83.8% 84.0% 84.2% 84.5% 85.0%

18,778 18,842 18,720 18,627 18,534 18,268 18,087 17,795 17,504 16,981 16,358 15,715 15,139 14,578 14,016 13,540 13,074 12,550
18.9% 19.1% 18.9% 18.6% 18.4% 18.2% 18.0% 17.5% 17.0% 16.2% 15.8% 15.9% 16.1% 16.2% 16.0% 15.8% 15.5% 15.0%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Transitions in pass rates for examinations on safe transportation and convenience for customers

As of March 31, 2018, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

（％）

91.3

100
80
60
40

62.1

Pass rates on exams concerning laws, safety,
and customer satisfaction in the taxi industry*

60.0
48.3

49.5

45.5

42.0

35.9

38.0

41.5

43.6

48.0

52.3

20
0

54.1

51.5

51.6

53.1

52.7

88.9

53.3

91.2

55.3

Pass rates on exams concerning geographicalknowledge of designated regions in Tokyo

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

*Examinations on laws, safety, and customer satisfaction in the taxi industry have been implemented since October 2015.

Guidance and training for taxi drivers
Instructions for the prevention of and taking corrective measures against taxi drivers
who violate the Road Transportation Act such as through unjust refusal of passengers,
the overcharging of fares, and the unauthorized tampering of meters are given, as wellas training for new drivers based on Article 36, Part 2 of the transportation regulations.

33

Training for Universal Drivers in progress

Taking and responding to complaints about taxi services
Complaints about taxi services can be properly handled by the taxi company (stated on the receipt) the passenger isriding with, through a Center phone line at 03-3648-0300, or through the Centerʼs website.

Efficient taxi stand operations
There are currently 302 taxi stands in Tokyo. There are "Excellent Service Taxi" stands in twenty locations of twelve
districts, and they are increasing in number so that further improvements in taxi services can be provided.
Year2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Generalstands(Of which are)Roofedstands

396

352

246

239

232

227

226

235

232

231

235

232

236

236

228

231

303 302

94

93

89

87

85

87

84

86

86

85

85

85

84

83

86

90

86

157

As of April 1, 2018, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Taxi evaluation system
The taxi evaluation system started on April 1, 2013 in order to contribute to enhancing

taxi convenience and services by offering finer taxi services upon reviewing
evaluation standards in 2011, which was ten years after the rank evaluation system

was introduced in 2001. The cases of guidance and complaints handled by theCenter, information concerning service to customers and safety, managerial aspects,

and driver quality are evaluated from the viewpoint of customer service, safety and
Sign of excellence

operational control, and business attitude. Upon evaluations in 2012, the indications
on taxi vehicles have become simple and easy to understand for passengers, withstickers indicating AA and A ranked taxis being unified as “Excellent Service Taxis”.

These signs of excellence are stuck on the windshields above the dashboards so thatthey can easily be seen from the fronts of the vehicles.
How the signs of excellence are presented

Commendation system
Excellent drivers have been commended every year since 1977, with 32,953
people having received awards over the past 41 years. There are currently
11,194 drivers operating who possess an excellent driver award. Those whoare commended are veteran drivers with five or more years of experience, noviolations, and who serve their passengers well. Excellent corporate business
operators have also been commended since 1984.

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 34

SECTION

6●SECTION

7

Industrial, governmental, and social<2017>The Labor Committee of the Japan Federation of
Hire-Taxi Associations was convened, and withregard to one of the pillars of the governmentʼs
Action Plan for the Realization of Work Style
Reform, namely the review of ceiling caps on
overtime and out-of-hours work, reconﬁrmed their
outline, background and demands to the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(MLIT).

April 25

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association announced that it had
started the pilot project for a communication-type
Trans Log to link taxis, a technology it had developedwith vehicle makers and electro-communicationcompanies. The TransLog supports drivers and is also
expected to be useful in developing the next
generation of taxis.

May 17

July 20

The National Labor Committee of the Japan
Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations was convened.
The assistant manager of the Ministry of Health,
Labor and Welfareʼs Labour Standards BureauʼsWorking Conditions Policy Division was invited,
and appreciation of the work-style reforms andceiling caps on out-of-hours work was improved.
The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association held a presentation
to announce a pilot project using pre-ﬁxed taxi
fares. The experiment will be implemented in thespecial zones in Tokyo and Busan transportation
area from August 7 to October 6. The four major
metropolitan taxi groups and 44 companies
accounting for 4,648 taxis will cooperate.

September 13 The president of the Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi
Associations, Ichiro Kawanabe, referring to thematters identiﬁed as “important for the time being”
by the governmentʼs Regulatory Reform
Promotion Council, sounded a note of alarm. He
also emphasized the fact that the taxi sector wouldmull over its own ideas regarding ride-sharing.
October 23

October 31

An unveiling ceremony was held for JPNtaxi, a new
dedicated taxi vehicle, to commemorate its goingon sale. The JPN taxi was introduced as a legacy forthe 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and Paralympic
Games. The president of the Japan Federation of
Hire-Taxi Associations, Ichiro Kawanabe and otherseniorsectorﬁguresparticipatedandcongratulated its maiden run.
The president of the Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi
Associations, Ichiro Kawanabe, made clear his
opposition to the proposal for the creation of asystem proposed to the regulatory reform hotline
in which taxi companies would be able to use
vehicles with white registration plates (i.e. ordinarycars), and expressed his strong sense of danger
about this subject.

December 13 The president of the Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi
Associations, Ichiro Kawanabe, announced
guidelines for the formulation of an action plan
aimed at improving taxi services for overseas
visitors to Japan.

35<2018>The Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations
formulated its Action Plan to Improve Services forOverseas Visitors, which included collaboration withan overseas taxi dispatch app. In order to coincidewith the July 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games andParalympic Games, in addition to the app, all the
pre-event measures possible such as multilingualand comfort features will be implemented.
The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association held a press
conference upon its participation in MLITʼsride-sharing pilot project. Using a taxi dispatch
application several passengers will be able to ﬁnd ataxi matching their needs, check the price inadvance and use taxis for a more inexpensive price.

February 13 The Labor Committee of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association convened, and discussed the issues
surrounding the governmentʼs Action Plan for the
Realization of Work Style Reform, for which thegovernment has requested the drawing up of aplan by around the end of March. Opinions were
exchanged about making fair management visible
and privilege measures.
March 10Government

The Japan Car Radio Association convened its
annual general meeting. It agreed upon aﬁve-point priority action plan for 2017 including
the sophistication of taxi radios eagerly using ICT.

January 17

January 18

The Meeting of the President and Vice Presidents of
the Japan Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations wasconvened. It was attended by the deputy viceminister and section managers from MLIT, and an
exchange of opinions was held. With a further risein overseas visitors expected, a plan wasformulated for doubling the number of taxis
accepting credit card payments.

June 15

August 7

Taxi industry

Taxi industry

April 6

April 7

The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association starts "job-hunting
support taxis" campaign in a tie-up with the
Rikunabi employment information site again thisyear. Members of the PR committee attended the“corporate discovery and selection preparations
LIVE” session held on the ﬁrst day at the Tokyo Big
Site joint corporate explanatory meeting. They
handed out taxi coupons providing 1,000 yen of
free taxi use, resulting in a long snaking line ofyoung people.
<2017>
MLIT decided upon a pilot project for pre-ﬁxed taxi
fares using a smartphone app for taxi dispatch. It
announced that the pilot project will be
implemented in the special zones in Tokyo andBusan transportation area for journeys with a fare of
3,000 yen or more, with the participation of up to
1,000 taxis.

April 21

MLIT established an industry-academia allianceinvestigative commission towards the freeavailability of open data. One of the themes istransferring to taxis, with the aim of contributing totransport for overseas visitors at the 2020 Tokyo
Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.

May 23

The governmentʼs Regulatory Reform Promotion
Councils submitted to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe a141-point response that included the developmentof a soft meter for taxis using software, and theconsideration of those qualiﬁed for Class II driving
licenses for buses and taxis.

May 30

The governmentʼs Council on Investments for the
Future compiled its draft Future Investment
Strategy 2017. The strategy aims to launch projects
for(roadside rest areas) and Haneda
Airport and waterfront areas by the year 2020. It
also mentions the legalization of ride-sharing using
privately-owned vehicles.

July 26

MLIT launched its Council on Cooperation in
Community Building, the themes of which also
include the sharing economy. While ﬁelds expandthat hold out hope for cooperation between local
communities, the Council will carry out its
considerations based on advanced case studies.

July 31

MLIT solicited for and selected eight locations inwhich to conduct a pilot project on automatic
driving services based at Michi no Eki (roadside rest
areas) in mountainous areas. The experiment will
start from this summer in conjunction with the ﬁve

activities

This is a retrospective look at events in the taxi
industry and society at large over the past year.

August 31

In its budget demands for the ﬁscal year 2018, MLIT
set forth ﬂat fares (ride as long as desired) and in
response to slack demand a ﬂuctuating geisha taxi
fare as a pilot project menu aimed at the creation ofa new taxi fare system. A new subsidy framework to
support the introduction of universal design (UD)taxis was also incorporated in the budget
demands.

September 11 MLIT decided upon the various recipients regarding
those applying for the ministryʼs subsidies for the
introduction of UD vehicles and wishing topurchase the Toyota-built “JPN Taxi.” The ministry
will provide a 600,000 yen subsidy to each taxi
company for the 900 vehicles to be put on themarket. Of these taxis, 400 are slated to be
introduced in special zones in Tokyo and Busantransportation area.
September 29 MLIT compiled the outlines for the ride-sharing
pilot project that it has schedule for this winter. The
ministry will select the cooperating companies in
October 2017, and will launch the experiment
between January and March 2018 in special zones
in Tokyo and Busan transportation area.

Society

Government

regional designation centers decided upon in April.

the ﬁrst time that Japanʼs trade balance has been in
the black for six years.

May 31The Japanese government, Tokyo Metropolitan
Government, Tokyo Organizing Committee of the
Olympic and Paralympic Games, and themunicipalities outside of Tokyo that will provide
venues for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games andParalympic Games came to a virtual agreement
about the 1.38 trillion yen expenses not including
contingency funds.

June 12Shin-Shin the giant panda at Tokyo Ueno Zoo gavebirth to a single cub, who was later given the nameof “Shan Shan” following a call to the general public
for suggested names.

July 2The Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly election took
place, with Yuriko Koikeʼs regional party Tomin Firstno Kai wining 49 seats and becoming the largest
party in the Assembly.

August 3

The third reshuﬄed Abe administration was
launched, with Taro Aso being appointed as
Deputy-prime Minister and Minister for Finance,
Yoshihide Suga as Chief Cabinet Secretary, andItsuo Onodera as Minister of Defense in a lineup fullof experienced cabinet members.

November 8 MLIT formulated its cerebrovascular disease
guidelines for bus, taxi and truck drivers. The ﬁrst
2017 meeting of the Council on Health-related
Commercial Vehicle Accidents was hosted in 2017and deliberations re underway.

September 7 A magnitude 8.1 earthquake erupted in the Paciﬁc
Ocean oﬀ the shore of southern Mexico. Manybuildings in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas
collapse, leaving 98 dead after a week.

November 30 With regard to the “Chinese white taxi problem” (inwhich unlicensed mainly Chinese-speaking drivers
illegally provide rides for mainly Chinese tourists)
MLIT formally requested, through the Japanese
Ministry of Foreign Aﬀairs, that the Chinese
government cooperated in this matter. The
deputy-minister of the Ministry of Foreign Aﬀairs
revealed that at the Japan-China Economic
Partnership Consultation he had made requests
centering on a call for the Chinese government to
inform its people of the Japanese rules and asking
for the drivers to be removed from taxi dispatch
app.

October 22 An election for the House of Representatives were
held resulting in a decisive victory for the Liberal
Democratic Party, which won 284 seats including
three additionally endorsed candidates. The LDP
and Komeito captured a total of 313 seats, giving
them a majority in the House of more than two
thirds.

<2018>The MLIT ride-sharing pilot project in which several
users ride together in the same taxi called using asmartphone application started (two days later
than planned due to heavy snowfalls). On the ﬁrst
day several cases in which the usersʼ needs
matched were achieved and the taxis used.

November 5 In January, US president Donald Trump made his
ﬁrst visit to Japan since his election. President
Trump held talks with Prime Minister Abe, agreeing
to exert the maximum pressure using every means
available on North Korea, which continues todevelop its nuclear weapons and missiles.
December 8 The government issued a Cabinet order specifying
the date of April 30, 2019 as the day upon which
the special law allowing the abdication of Emperor
Akihito will come into force, which will be the dateof the Emperorʼs abdication.

January 24

February 12 MLIT announced that from March it would
introduce “IT roll calls” using TV phones etc. rather
than face-to-face meetings under the bus and taxi
operation and control system. The aim is toencourage rationalization of operation and control,and lead to improved productivity.
March 6Society

April 20

Questions were raised at the House ofRepresentativesʼ Standing Committee on Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism about the“tokens of gratitude” paid by similar operators for
non-proﬁt private car ride-sharing services, and theissues surrounding matching app. The committee
indicated that by the end of the month it would
amend the “status of transport not requiring
registration or permission under the Road
Transportation Act” to clarify the issue, andestablish and enforce it in a stricter manner as an“oﬃcial notice.”<2017>
According to the trade statistics for the ﬁscal year
2016 the trade balance, the sum of exports minus
imports, was in the black at 4,006 billion yen. This is

December 8 It was announced that Shohei Ohtani, the Nippon
Ham Fightersʼ baseball player who had declared his
intention to move to the Major Leagues next year
will join the Los Angeles Angels.
January 5<2018>
Yoshiharu Habu, Ryou-holder and the ﬁrst
player to qualify as a lifetime title holder of sevenmajor titles, and Yuta Iyama, the ﬁrst
player to
simultaneously hold seven titles were both given
the Peopleʼs Honor Award.

February 25 The PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics began.
Japan captured 13 medals (4 gold, 5 silver and 4
bronze), the nationʼs best ever performance in a
winter Olympiad. Yuzuru Hanyu, the male ﬁgureskater, won the gold medal for the second
consecutive time.
March 22

US President Donald Trump signed a Presidential
Decree placing massive tariﬀs on Chinese goods asa punitive measure against Chinaʼs violation of
intellectual property and so on. Shortly afterwards
the Chinese government announced that it would
place retaliatory tariﬀs on certain US goods.

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 36

SECTION

7●

DATA Reference materials

Number of taxi companies and vehicles by year
Kanto District Transport Bureau

Item
Year
1889

Special zones / Busan district

NumberofBusiness
operators

Number of vehicles
Taxi

253

24,143

1990

253

1991

Hired
taxi

Total

5,883

30,02622,3605,883

254

24,172

1992

238

1993

Tama district

Islands District

Companies

Number Number Number Number Number Number
of
of
of
of
of
of
Business vehicles
Business vehicles
Business vehicles
operators
operators
operators
73

2,902

57

158

383

33,086

19,65652,742

28,243

73

2,902

57

158

383

31,303

19,65650,9596,426

30,598

75

2,954

56

157

385

33,70919,59253,301

26,1486,352

32,500

72

3,101

56

158

366

35,75919,47855,237237

26,1136,401

32,514

70

3,119

55

154

362

35,787

19,47955,266

1994

234

25,394

5,965

31,359

70

3,137

55

148

359

34,644

19,312

53,956

1995

233

25,1635,570

30,733

71

3,130

55

141

359

34,00419,00953,013

1996

231

25,346

5,376

30,722

72

3,151

55

135

358

34,00818,81852,826

1997

231

25,8785,404

31,282

72

3,176

56

138

359

34,596

18,70053,296

1998

240

26,961

5,204

32,165

74

3,272

56

138

370

35,575

19,35454,9291999

252

27,734

4,719

32,453

75

3,378

55

131

382

35,962

19,30555,267

2000

254

27,851

4,540

32,391

79

3,408

55

125

388

35,924

19,36955,293

2001

252

28,262

4,395

32,657

81

3,423

55

121

388

36,201

19,07755,278

2002

257

28,5394,180

32,719

85

3,539

53

111

395

36,36919,141

55,5102003

258

29,045

3,894

32,939

68

3,446

53

105

379

36,49019,05655,546

2004

271

29,6633,880

33,543

71

3,519

54

106

396

37,16818,98956,157

2005

291

30,8193,883

34,702

71

3,520

53

105

415

38,327

18,99057,3172006

317

31,9483,931

35,879

71

3,572

48

99

436

39,55018,67658,226

2007

334

32,9584,090

37,048

72

3,687

46

98

452

40,833

18,47859,311

2008

352

33,866

4,125

37,991

73

3,711

45

94

470

41,796

18,21360,0092009

366

33,473

4,069

37,542

74

3,530

45

92

485

41,164

17,944

59,1082010

362

31,7993,977

35,776

74

3,389

45

83

481

39,24817,42056,6682011

359

27,9983,849

31,847

74

3,232

43

84

476

35,163

16,78751,9502012

356

27,794

3,636

31,430

73

3,215

42

83

471

34,72816,14450,872

2013

347

27,6593,471

31,130

73

3,188

39

77

459

34,395

15,05249,447

2014

346

27,646

3,548

31,194

71

3,188

38

73

455

34,455

14,43048,885

2015

343

27,657

3,638

31,295

73

3,188

36

68

452

34,551

13,93748,4882016

344

27,6083,829

31,437

72

3,175

34

65

450

34,677

13,41948,0962017

345

27,576

4,070

31,646

72

3,173

33

64

450

34,883

12,87447,757(Notes) 1. According to adjustments in the total number of business operators and vehicles in general passenger vehicle transportation businessesby the Kanto District Transport Bureau.
2. The number of business operators represents the total number of business operators that have offices in the said zones.

37

Private InclusivesumRecord of taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Item

Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Apr. 2017
May 2017
Jun. 2017
Jul. 2017
Aug. 2017
Sep. 2017
Oct. 2017
Nov. 2017
Dec. 2017
Jan. 2018
Feb. 2018
Mar. 2018

NumberBy operating
Distance in kilometers
Number Transportation vehicles per dayofRate ofRate of Numberofincomekilometers
Gross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualDistanceof
People(byNumber Transportation by actual
vehicles transports
actual vehicles actual vehicles operations of actual
inbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesincomekilometers
of
(%)
(%)
in existencein operation
kilometers(by 1 yen)transportedyen)
pervehicles(km)(per day)(per day)(km) transports
company
Fleet vehicles

8,426,262
8,857,327
9,083,937
9,127,661
9,055,295
8,927,540
8,964,633
9,046,319
9,246,297
9,585,425
9,562,907
9,586,756
9,668,192
9,936,898
10,151,720
10,345,062
10,708,138
10,951,340
11,222,247
11,349,264
10,950,290
9,818,499
9,345,517
9,300,451
9,505,100
9,567,378
9,617,166
9,539,914
9,564,264
784,752
812,817786,620812,610
811,842784,944811,276784,635
813,361
813,505
734,860
813,042

7,730,051
7,812,347
7,847,021
7,987,404
8,104,168
8,123,244
8,133,357
8,139,378
8,046,792
8,326,792
8,353,057
8,289,227
8,277,267
8,417,116
8,575,308
8,633,930
8,720,334
8,701,031
8,775,795
8,915,959
8,936,482
8,369,311
7,956,865
7,730,381
7,729,619
7,683,726
7,567,790
7,411,284
7,342,513
604,236
613,219
617,193
627,962
612,332
609,450624,312607,880
640,683
587,545565,735
631,966

91.7
88.2
86.4
87.5
89.5
90.9
90.7
90.0
87.0
86.9
87.3
86.5
85.6
84.7
84.5
83.5
81.4
79.5
78.2
78.6
81.6
85.2
85.1
83.1
81.3
80.3
78.7
77.7
76.8
77.0
75.4
78.5
77.3
75.4
77.6
77.0
77.5
78.8
72.2
77.0
77.7

1,427,558,757
1,397,770,377
1,399,846,914
1,287,130,399
1,232,125,620
1,240,553,150
1,206,470,891
1,196,703,626
1,162,436,904
1,102,334,554
1,070,224,997
1,073,601,680
1,050,961,648
1,029,033,363
1,022,572,710
1,031,226,264
1,067,522,820
1,095,822,275
1,086,795,352
963,240,579
853,074,660
812,971,689
802,520,241
802,996,357
821,389,895
828,861,258
839,019,385
829,970,030
835,791,221
69,518,584
66,173,724
70,120,613
72,814,524
68,168,009
68,901,308
71,681,706
68,674,088
78,942,884
63,946,899
62,696,268
74,152,614

2,564,024,706
2,524,166,069
2,537,363,228
2,470,973,018
2,466,561,197
2,509,505,632
2,490,349,812
2,496,389,251
2,456,907,127
2,444,418,587
2,412,308,594
2,398,446,596
2,370,403,636
2,348,170,763
2,354,626,865
2,352,279,931
2,381,228,831
2,403,097,429
2,389,381,358
2,291,823,411
2,176,380,311
2,045,818,104
1,972,136,438
1,915,211,746
1,907,272,876
1,901,519,559
1,877,949,800
1,830,295,420
1,798,762,692
150,140,722
147,997,314
152,194,402
154,807,977
147,991,050
148,543,481
152,165,195
147,617,309
163,336,424
140,122,659
137,207,599
156,638,560

55.7
55.4
55.2
52.1
50.0
49.4
48.4
47.9
47.3
45.1
44.4
44.8
44.3
43.8
43.4
43.8
44.8
45.6
45.5
42.0
39.2
39.7
40.7
41.9
43.1
43.6
44.7
45.3
46.5
46.3
44.7
46.1
47.0
46.1
46.4
47.1
46.5
48.3
45.6
45.7
47.3

282,314,465
266,400,889
264,270,081
254,163,873
255,652,169
262,646,882
258,991,511
258,949,480
255,984,010
251,991,333
248,005,034
251,116,110
248,335,480
247,264,463
247,780,917
251,113,449
259,360,608
264,927,434
260,863,751
235,502,805
214,577,810
206,021,917
202,140,408
202,837,586
205,493,957
204,331,388
202,852,766
199,539,221
207,512,893
17,228,471
16,558,720
17,353,217
18,408,737
17,311,783
17,197,244
17,955,027
16,874,367
18,919,437
16,019,867
15,510,906
18,175,117

415,364,553
392,404,349
387,679,693
368,950,019
370,176,078
379,287,432
368,429,981
366,869,849
361,814,495
354,470,676
347,820,185
350,889,906
346,787,017
346,509,071
345,361,913
348,391,811
357,687,144
365,325,242
354,730,299
312,318,115
283,796,557
272,080,128
265,876,386
267,785,904
270,668,509
269,020,775
267,577,522
262,880,509
272,362,140
22,728,791
21,760,343
22,635,606
24,091,970
22,754,505
22,437,835
23,404,230
22,176,258
24,918,285
21,193,803
20,296,608
23,963,906

419,907,041
441,798,431
445,910,050
452,092,763
442,113,343
447,245,027
471,327,446
469,161,118
464,240,900
442,266,836
430,880,885
433,310,901
425,020,816
416,434,152
414,247,268
416,921,678
431,634,517
440,306,598
445,304,907
413,103,093
367,719,550
350,798,592
346,234,599
348,665,083
357,001,972
366,540,169
370,149,434
366,396,166
372,293,712
30,937,884
29,197,982
31,175,654
32,507,183
30,188,740
30,725,878
32,027,260
30,663,682
35,352,522
28,486,901
27,898,197
33,131,829

331.7
323.1
323.4
309.4
304.4
308.9
306.2
306.7
305.3
293.6
288.8
289.3
286.4
279.0
274.6
272.4
273.1
276.2
272.3
257.0
243.5
244.4
247.9
247.8
246.7
247.5
248.2
247.0
245.0
248.5
241.3
246.6
246.5
241.7
243.7
243.7
242.8
254.9
238.5
242.5
247.9

36.5
34.1
33.7
31.8
31.5
32.3
31.8
31.8
31.8
30.3
29.7
30.3
30.0
29.4
28.9
29.1
29.7
30.4
29.7
26.4
24.0
24.6
25.4
26.2
26.6
26.6
26.8
26.9
28.3
28.5
27.0
28.1
29.3
28.3
28.2
28.8
27.8
29.5
27.3
27.4
28.8

54,32156,551
56,82556,60154,55455,057
57,95057,641
57,693
53,114
51,58452,274
51,34849,47548,30748,28949,49750,60450,742
46,333
41,14841,91543,514
45,103
46,18647,703
48,91149,43850,704
51,202
47,61450,512
51,76649,30150,41651,30050,44455,17948,48549,31352,427

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1

(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 38

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Record of taxi operations in the Tama district by year
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Item

Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Apr. 2017
May 2017
Jun. 2017
Jul. 2017
Aug. 2017
Sep. 2017
Oct. 2017
Nov. 2017
Dec. 2017
Jan. 2018
Feb. 2018
Mar. 2018

NumberBy operating
Distance in kilometers
Number Transportation vehicles per dayofRate ofRate of Numberofincomekilometers
Gross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualDistanceof
People(byNumber Transportation by actual
vehicles transports
actual vehicles actual vehicles operations of actual
inbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesincomekilometers
of
(%)
(%)
in existencein operation
kilometerstransportedyen)
per(by 1 yen)vehicles(km)(per day)(per day)(km) transports
company
Fleet vehicles

1,038,149
1,072,868
1,102,252
1,113,442
1,119,698
1,120,668
1,126,768
1,128,452
1,139,558
1,174,968
1,213,042
1,215,074
1,223,165
1,276,276
1,301,238
1,312,468
1,330,723
1,332,425
1,336,803
1,330,215
1,284,871
1,223,420
1,201,246
1,187,126
1,182,677
1,182,940
1,192,550
1,188,694
1,177,729
97,230100,452
97,224100,450
100,323
96,951
99,90396,57899,711
99,51489,851
99,542

959,145953,894
953,190976,732
1,005,592
1,020,081
1,026,304
1,028,144
1,024,989
1,066,007
1,100,980
1,089,014
1,088,006
1,115,354
1,139,506
1,148,611
1,147,060
1,134,530
1,120,235
1,113,895
1,108,782
1,070,652
1,041,321
1,004,731
978,272
957,060
943,836
914,552
886,247
74,13775,402
74,661
76,11774,34873,50075,20773,03476,461
70,95367,42375,004

92.4
88.9
86.5
87.7
89.8
91.0
91.1
91.1
89.9
90.7
90.8
89.6
89.0
87.4
87.6
87.5
86.2
85.1
83.8
83.7
86.3
87.5
86.7
84.6
82.7
80.9
79.1
76.9
75.3
76.2
75.1
76.8
75.8
74.1
75.8
75.3
75.6
76.7
71.3
75.0
75.3

163,439,658
158,509,082
156,226,056
145,657,237
142,014,694
142,657,066
138,908,197
137,632,812
133,582,273
127,790,614
125,181,896
125,469,650
122,885,940
123,469,343
123,853,912
124,350,985
126,919,347
128,042,345
124,863,955
112,746,999
102,783,907
100,334,947
98,070,069
96,660,173
95,548,004
92,419,170
91,206,030
88,071,796
85,889,772
7,103,472
6,866,331
7,051,517
7,545,086
7,174,268
6,976,024
7,338,031
6,911,348
8,169,595
6,931,638
6,354,950
7,467,512

291,205,586
283,768,815
279,988,017
267,507,741
265,333,089
268,442,111
264,396,833
263,693,062
258,333,449
252,328,764
251,324,956
251,178,426
247,841,012
250,268,325
252,848,198
254,406,730
258,744,376
259,827,490
253,126,293
232,702,800
215,768,230
210,587,758
205,598,785
201,548,110
198,232,977
192,116,002
189,372,320
182,705,167
177,167,439
14,733,929
14,376,000
14,684,265
15,511,471
14,810,059
14,477,563
15,057,527
14,358,254
16,514,182
14,141,892
13,179,633
15,322,664

56.1
55.9
55.8
54.4
53.5
53.1
52.5
52.2
51.7
50.6
49.8
50.0
49.6
49.3
49.0
48.9
49.1
49.3
49.3
48.5
47.6
47.6
47.7
48.0
48.2
48.1
48.2
48.2
48.5
48.2
47.8
48.0
48.6
48.4
48.2
48.7
48.1
49.5
49.0
48.2
48.7

37,675,107
36,035,178
35,725,413
34,604,307
35,288,373
36,143,228
35,671,662
35,885,267
35,632,123
35,265,918
34,974,066
35,622,324
35,361,979
35,930,381
36,115,328
36,471,124
37,287,492
37,471,613
36,525,637
33,279,762
30,780,737
30,137,001
29,468,325
29,180,873
28,746,276
27,603,695
27,184,448
26,238,623
25,538,940
2,109,837
2,045,547
2,081,899
2,270,249
2,187,262
2,087,461
2,219,827
2,047,943
2,344,660
2,051,858
1,882,460
2,209,937

51,419,891
49,122,911
48,446,415
46,693,550
47,256,548
48,209,600
47,348,276
47,401,612
47,078,936
46,250,257
45,854,638
46,519,138
46,245,100
47,212,788
47,789,889
48,211,932
49,312,077
49,133,727
47,618,200
42,946,529
39,750,149
38,846,535
38,008,209
37,642,130
37,134,088
35,713,044
35,171,951
34,055,603
33,316,032
2,745,603
2,673,809
2,679,499
2,955,574
2,928,843
2,715,052
2,923,311
2,660,147
3,051,722
2,687,504
2,419,920
2,875,048

46,739,050
49,093,825
49,445,068
50,447,177
50,040,461
50,580,871
52,970,190
52,530,803
52,030,427
50,010,367
49,086,576
49,372,324
48,522,201
48,743,189
48,985,279
49,080,382
50,069,857
50,395,953
50,108,249
47,173,933
43,246,614
42,187,813
41,226,569
40,614,167
40,169,730
39,979,139
39,424,503
38,188,394
37,255,228
3,078,070
2,973,147
3,058,560
3,280,613
3,111,882
3,029,974
3,194,855
2,999,785
3,535,298
2,990,674
2,752,606
3,249,764

303.6
297.5
293.7
273.9
263.9
263.2
257.6
256.5
252.0
236.7
228.3
230.6
227.8
224.4
221.9
221.5
225.6
229.0
226.0
208.9
194.6
196.7
197.4
200.6
202.6
200.7
200.6
199.8
199.9
198.7
190.7
196.7
203.8
199.2
197.0
200.2
196.6
216.0
199.3
195.5
204.3

39.3
37.8
37.5
35.4
35.1
35.4
34.8
34.9
34.8
33.1
31.8
32.7
32.5
32.2
31.7
31.8
32.5
33.0
32.6
29.9
27.8
28.1
28.3
29.0
29.4
28.8
28.8
28.7
28.8
28.5
27.1
27.9
29.8
29.4
28.4
29.5
28.0
30.7
28.9
27.9
29.5

48,73051,46751,87351,64949,762
49,58551,61351,09350,762
46,914
44,58445,33744,59743,702
42,98842,73043,651
44,42044,73042,35039,00439,404
39,59140,42341,062
41,773
41,771
41,75642,03741,51939,43140,966
43,10041,856
41,224
42,481
41,074
46,23742,15040,82643,328(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The geisha (taxi on its way) / deadhead distance is calculated in kilometers by actual vehicle and the standards for the rates of actual vehicles are different
due to the revisions in the geisha / deadhead system as of November 1981.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports

39

4.3
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4

Record of hired taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Item

Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Apr. 2017
May 2017
Jun. 2017
Jul. 2017
Aug. 2017
Sep. 2017
Oct. 2017
Nov. 2017
Dec. 2017
Jan. 2018
Feb. 2018
Mar. 2018

NumberBy operating
Distance in kilometers
Number Transportation vehicles per dayofRate ofRate of Numberofincomekilometers
Gross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualDistanceof
People(byNumber Transportation by actual
vehicles transports
actual vehicles actual vehicles operations of actual
inbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesincomekilometers
of
(%)
(%)
in existencein operation
kilometerstransportedyen)
per(by 1 yen)vehicles(km)(per day)(per day)(km) transports
company
Fleet vehicles

2,067,226
2,200,489
2,323,225
2,323,764
2,259,159
2,059,797
2,002,145
1,966,869
1,930,859
1,807,936
1,684,385
1,602,740
1,535,249
1,442,591
1,396,030
1,390,531
1,392,699
1,408,455
1,424,074
1,405,360
1,322,851
1,283,375
1,245,570
1,180,801
1,160,934
1,196,017
1,192,603
1,199,680
1,201,116
98,535
101,990
98,816
101,923
101,993
98,760101,959
98,700101,984
102,087
92,204102,165

1,658,212
1,715,770
1,760,088
1,725,728
1,626,445
1,470,061
1,409,261
1,378,487
1,345,862
1,266,152
1,156,084
1,087,568
1,050,009
977,150
932,726
920,801
919,312935,732
939,742918,879829,279
788,680735,840
710,696
721,122
720,427
723,753
722,873
717,059
61,20560,13962,25860,40756,61959,00662,71260,82360,24757,00354,03662,604

80.2
78.0
75.8
74.3
72.0
71.4
70.4
70.1
69.7
70.0
68.6
67.9
68.4
67.7
66.8
66.2
66.0
66.4
66.0
65.4
62.7
61.5
59.0
60.2
62.1
60.2
60.7
60.3
59.7
62.1
59.0
63.0
59.3
55.5
59.7
61.5
61.6
59.1
55.8
58.6
61.3

286,974,143
288,022,310
280,790,403
244,831,954
218,760,495
207,240,045
209,518,718
130,976,867
127,393,440
113,389,692
102,263,303
97,881,220
93,129,888
89,256,638
85,767,544
85,382,009
86,223,061
88,002,877
89,290,385
82,530,569
71,430,343
69,040,591
67,041,967
63,174,173
60,495,006
63,499,581
63,703,432
61,622,866
60,072,582
5,352,667
5,082,984
5,248,581
5,073,334
4,491,585
4,978,633
5,465,061
5,240,576
5,053,075
4,568,543
4,278,613
5,238,930

298,852,756
300,108,382
293,854,403
257,331,845
229,794,219
213,506,796
215,389,484
203,854,904
197,985,958
177,012,576
165,084,948
157,065,552
147,281,511
140,263,897
134,115,815
133,569,514
135,209,983
138,727,214
141,197,290
131,085,488
113,220,185
107,100,159
102,424,830
98,641,167
97,979,187
99,574,768
99,202,881
97,586,862
96,353,400
8,541,291
8,183,339
8,307,311
8,095,055
7,262,662
8,028,660
8,729,186
8,362,899
8,105,061
7,426,874
6,990,579
8,320,483

96.0
96.0
95.6
95.1
95.2
97.1
97.3
64.3
64.3
64.1
61.9
62.3
63.2
63.6
64.0
63.9
63.8
63.4
63.2
63.0
63.1
64.5
65.4
64.0
61.7
63.8
64.2
63.1
62.3
62.7
62.1
63.2
62.7
61.8
62.0
62.6
62.7
62.3
61.5
61.2
63.0

4,713,156
4,642,470
4,510,993
3,937,846
3,499,795
3,219,936
3,169,824
2,992,900
2,884,103
2,616,547
2,467,874
2,330,040
2,212,964
2,126,274
2,018,464
1,980,999
1,990,391
2,031,837
2,047,556
1,879,029
1,678,834
1,596,922
1,567,436
1,540,262
1,531,704
1,550,949
1,563,726
1,753,092
1,675,009
150,598
145,763
147,283
141,187
132,822
141,062
155,049
138,235
134,991
127,461
121,290
139,268

8,850,967
8,262,218
7,816,372
6,834,051
6,068,621
5,593,893
5,507,705
5,257,358
5,266,334
4,823,018
4,573,047
3,891,848
3,460,684
3,260,429
3,188,206
3,175,354
3,218,015
3,268,619
3,234,024
2,883,084
2,543,122
2,476,849
2,454,005
2,482,308
2,677,284
2,571,033
2,465,690
2,925,612
2,887,302
262,353
258,194
241,839
238,937
225,863
251,828
274,645234,911230,676
227,475
204,518
236,063

110,845,807
123,026,349
129,240,559
116,418,937
103,152,217
96,061,556
95,631,255
89,989,786
88,097,173
77,768,866
70,505,009
61,179,661
54,859,046
50,389,184
47,526,372
47,552,634
47,627,561
48,656,317
49,432,991
45,890,121
38,804,554
36,926,175
35,329,168
33,243,571
32,920,958
34,171,067
34,352,962
34,766,098
34,443,624
3,063,453
2,907,306
2,958,646
2,850,869
2,552,379
2,822,892
3,117,922
3,041,512
2,919,688
2,693,694
2,504,536
3,010,727

180.2
174.9
167.0
149.1
141.3
145.2
152.8
147.9
147.1
139.8
142.8
144.4
140.3
143.5
143.8
145.1
147.1
148.3
150.3
142.7
136.5
135.8
139.2
138.8
135.8
138.1
137.0
135.0
134.4
139.6
136.1
133.4
134.0
128.3
136.1
139.2
137.5
134.5
130.3
129.4
132.9

2.8
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2

66,84771,70373,42867,461
63,422
65,34567,85965,28265,45861,421
60,98656,25452,246
51,56850,95451,64351,80851,99852,60349,941
46,793
46,82048,012
46,77645,63847,39547,43248,09448,04950,052
48,34347,52247,36245,08047,841
49,71850,006
48,46247,255
46,34948,092(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The standards for the rates of actual vehicles are different because the actual vehicles in kilometers were calculated as the zones from dispatch to return frombetween 1981 and 1995.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 40

60.9
62.0
62.2
62.2
62.5
64.4
66.1
43.8
44.2
43.3
41.4
42.0
42.1
42.0
42.5
43.1
43.3
43.3
43.6
43.9
42.5
43.2
42.8
41.0
39.5
41.0
40.7
35.2
35.9
35.5
34.9
35.6
35.9
33.8
35.3
35.2
37.9
37.4
35.8
35.3
37.6

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Changes in taxi fares in Tokyo

Date

InitialFare

Application
System,etc.

Added

Increaserate

10/30/52

2/20/6211.6km - 90 yen

430m - 20 yen

Vehicle classification: 4m in length, 1.5m inwidth, 1,000cc engine
Waiting: 20 yen / 2 min. (600 yen / hr.)25.0％

3/18/66

2km - 140 yen

400m - 20 yen

Vehicle classification: capacity of 6 passengers
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

35.7％

2/19/71

2km - 200 yen

300m - 30 yen

Vehicle classification: compact vehicle under
the Road Trucking Vehicle Act
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. (1,200 yen / hr.)

83.7％

12/8/73

1.8km - 240 yen

300m - 40 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.1m in length, 1.5m in width
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 40 yen / 1 min. 48 sec. (1,333 yen / hr.)77.3％
(additional
application
7/31/74)

Plus 64.7% of thefare on the meter

Vehicle classification:

4.1m in length, 1.5m in width

64.7％

12/26/73
7/31/74

1.8km - 260 yen

385m - 50 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.2m in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra as a standard
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. (1,500 yen / hr.)

77.3％

9/29/76

2km - 350 yen

385m - 60 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.2m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 19 sec. (1,522 yen / hr.)

26.5％

1/24/79to
2/1/79(separateapplication)

2km - 380 yen
to
2km - 400 yen

400m - 70 yen
to357m - 70 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,680 yen / hr.)to
70 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (1,867 yen / hr.)

16.4%
to
24.3%

10/2/80
to10/17/80(separateapplication)

2km - 440 yen
to
2km - 460 yen

405m - 80 yen
to370m - 80 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 26 sec. (1,973 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 13 sec. (2,165 yen / hr.)

16.0%
to
25.9%

(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

41

Date

InitialFare

Approval
Added

Increase
rate

System,etc.

11/16/52

2km - 80 yen

500m - 20 yen

Waiting: 20 yen / 5 min. (240 yen / hr.)

12/25/63(1/1/64)

2km - 100 yen

450m - 20 yen

Vehicle classification: capacity of 6 passengers,1.5m in width
Waiting: 20 yen / 4 min. (300 yen / hr.)

15.0％

1/9/70(3/1-15/70)

2km - 130 yen

445m - 20 yen

Vehicle classification: capacity of 6 passengers
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

22.5％

1/26/72(2/5/72)

2km - 170 yen

435m - 30 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (720 yen / hr.)

43.7％

－

－

－

－

－

1/22/74(1/29/74)

2km - 220 yen

1.29 times thefare on the meter

29.0％

9/28/74(11/1/74)

2km - 280 yen

410m - 50 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. 25 sec. (1,240 yen / hr.)

33.9％

4/26/77(5/6/77)2km - 330 yen

405m - 60 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,440 yen / hr.)

20.1％

8/24/79(9/1/79)

2km - 380 yen

415m - 70 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,680 yen / hr.)

14.3%

8/25/81(9/2/81)2km - 430 yen

405m - 80 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,920 yen / hr.)

15.7％

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 42

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Date
9/10/83
to10/18/83(separateapplication)

Initial2km - 480 yen
to
2km - 510 yen

FareApplication
System,etc.

Added

410m - 90 yen
to380m - 90 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length, capacity of 6
passengers or less
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 20 sec. (2,160 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)

42.0%
to
20.8%

2/13/89to
2/15/89

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded off to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

3/12/90
to3/27/90

amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded off to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

12/10/91
to
12/18/91

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded off to the nearest unit of 10 yen.
2km - 620 yen
to
2km - 630 yen

345m - 90 yen
to325m - 90 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. (2,700 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 55 sec. (2,817 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 50 sec. (6,480 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 45 sec. (7,200 yen / hr.)

17.0%
to
22.9%

3/28/94
to
6/7/942km - 700 yen
to
2km - 740 yen

296m - 90 yen
to277m - 90 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,592 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (3,240 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 55 sec. (5,891 yen / hr.)Fees for time-specified reservations:
General reservations: 700 yen - 900 yen each time
Early-morning reservations: 1,000 yen - 1,200 yen each time
Fees for wagon dispatching services: 300 yen to 400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides: 5% to 15% for fares exceeding ten
thousand yen
Discounts for high-speed rides: 3% to 5% for rides exceeding 30kph
or 30kph

11.5%
to
23.7%

2km - 470 yen

2km - 520 yen
to
2km - 540 yen

370m - 80 yen

345m - 80 yen
to330m - 80 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec.

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,304 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 0 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

43

Increase
rate

11.0%
to
16.9%

Date
2/10/84(2/18/84)

Initial2km - 470 yen

Fare

Approval
Added

370m - 80 yen

3/17/89(4/1/89)

5/18/90(5/26/90)

Increase
rate

System,etc.
Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (2,133 yen / hr.)

9.5％

As applied

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded off to the nearest units of 10 yen.

2km - 520 yen

355m - 80 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 10 sec. (2,215 yen / hr.)

9.6％

4/25/92(5/26/92)

2km - 600 yen

347m - 90 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,592 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629 yen / hr.)

12.3％

2/21/95(3/18/95)

2km - 650 yen

280m - 80 yen

Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 55 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-specified reservations:
Fees for time-specified reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-specified reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

9.4％

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 44

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Date

2/3/97to
3/3/97

2/24/97
to
3/14/97

8/31/06to(11/30/06)

InitialFare

Application
System,etc.

Added

Increase
rate

Changed to the amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 105/103 percent and rounded off to the nearest unit of 10 yen. However,
added fares in distance-based fares are calculated with a distance-reduction system, and time and distance-based fares with a time-reduction system.
2km - 650 yen
280m - 80 yen
Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
1.94％
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-specified reservations:
Fees for time-specified reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-specified reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
1km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
1.94％
Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
250m - 80 yen
With time factored in:(2) As of 2km(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 29 sec.
274m - 80 yen(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 38 sec. (2,939 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 49 sec. (5,878 yen / hr.)Fees for service-specified reservations:
Fees for time-specified reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-specified reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
7.2
2km - 750 yen
238m to 276m Vehicle classification: 2-liter displacement or below
toto 810 yen
90 yen(standardsized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
28.6%
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. to 1 min. 40 sec.
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

Submitted
Date

Authorized unregulated fare

System,etc.

Increase rate

2/28/14(publicly
announced)
to
3/31/14

The amounts where the initial fares of
the current automatic approved fares
are multiplied by 108/105 percent androunded off to the nearest unit of 10
yen become the revised initial fares, andadjustments are made so that increased
revenues due to these revisions become
the total income of standard business
operators and the consumption tax rates
being within the range of the increased
consumption tax rates, along with thesetting of revised added distances.

Vehicle classification: 2-liter displacement or
below (standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec.
(limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

Consumption
tax shifts

Date
4/1/1445

Authorized unregulated fare
Initial2km - 730 yen(limited tostandard-sized
vehicles)Added[Special zones /Busan district]
280m - 90 yen(limited tostandardsized
vehicles)[Tama district]
276m - 90 yen(limited tostandardsized
vehicles)Implementation
System,etc.
Vehicle classification: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:[Special zones / Busan district]
90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)[Tama district]
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

Increase
rate
Consumption
tax shiftsDate
3/10/97(4/1/97)

Initial2km - 660 yen

Approval

Fare

Added
274m - 80 yen

3/14/97(4/1/97)1km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
250m - 80 yen(2) As of 2km
274m - 80 yen

10/19/07(publicly
announced)
11/2/07(12/3/07)

2km - 710 yen

288m - 90 yen(limited tostandardsized
vehicles)System,etc.
Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-specified reservations:
Fees for time-specified reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time

Increase
rate
1.94％

Fees for wagon-specified reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
Vehicle classification: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 30 sec.
(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-specified reservations:
Fees for time-specified reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time
Fees for wagon-specified reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
Vehicle classification: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited tostandard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94％

7.22％

Fare for shortened distance of initial charge (announced on December 20, 2016)
１．New fares (when using a standard-sized taxi)
Current fare(maximum fare)

New fare(maximum fare)

Initial fare

730 yen410 yen

Added fares

90 yenDistance of initial fare

2.0km

Added distance

1.052km280m

Time and distance-based fare

237m

80 yen90 yen per 105 seconds
80 yen per 90 seconds
at speed of 10km/hour or less at speed of 10km/hour or less２．Fare area

Special zones of Tokyo, Musashino City and Mitaka City

３．Period of implementation
From January 30, 2017

４．Features of the new fares- All fares are now cheaper until up to about 2km- The fares between around 2km up to about 6.5km are composed of parts with an increased fare and parts with a decreased fare
- All fares above about 6.5 km are now more expensive

Comparison of fares (examples)
Current fare

1km

730 yen

1.5km

730 yen410 yen
570 yen
New fares(increased/decreased amounts) （－320 yen） （－160 yen）（％）（－44％）（－22％）

2km

730 yen

730 yen（±0 yen）（0％）

4km（*）

1,450 yen

1,450 yen（±0 yen）（0％）

9km

2,980 yen

15km

4,960 yen

30km

9,730 yen

3,130 yen
5,130 yen
10,250 yen（＋150 yen） （＋170 yen） （＋520 yen）
（＋5％）
（＋3％）
（＋5％）

*Average journey distance in Tokyo

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 46

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Authorized unregulated fares in Tokyo (special zones / Busan transportation area)
１．Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (1.052km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
490 yen
198m - 80 yen
Fare B
480 yen203m - 80 yen
Fare C
470 yen207m - 80 yen
Fare D
460 yen211m - 80 yen
Minimum fares
450 yen
216m - 80 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (1.052km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
450 yen
216m - 80 yen
Fare B
440 yen221m - 80 yen
Fare C
430 yen226m - 80 yen
Fare D420 yen231m - 80 yen
Minimum fares
410 yen
237m - 80 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (1.052km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
410 yen
237m - 80 yen
Fare B
400 yen
243m - 80 yen
Fare C390 yen249m - 80 yen
Minimum fares
380 yen
256m - 80 yen

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (1hr.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
5,050 yen
2,360 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
5,000 yen
2,330 yen / 30 min.
Fare C
4,950 yen
2,300 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
4,900 yen
2,270 yen / 30 min.

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (1hr.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
4,850 yen
2,230 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
4,800 yen
2,200 yen / 30 min.
Fare C4,750 yen
2,170 yen / 30 min.
Fare D4,700 yen
2,140 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
4,650 yen
2,110 yen / 30 min.

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (1hr.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
4,650 yen
2,110 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
4,600 yen
2,080 yen / 30 min.
Fare C4,550 yen
2,050 yen / 30 min.
Fare D4,500 yen
2,020 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
4,450 yen
1,990 yen / 30 min.

1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen

1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 25 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 25 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 80 yen

２．Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Fare D
Minimum fares

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
0.854㎞ - 410 yen
198m - 80 yen
0.849㎞ - 400 yen
203m - 80 yen
0.845㎞ - 390 yen
207m - 80 yen
0.841㎞ - 380 yen
211m - 80 yen
0.836㎞ - 370 yen
216m - 80 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Fare D
Minimum fares

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
0.836㎞ - 370 yen
216m - 80 yen
0.831㎞ - 360 yen
221m - 80 yen
0.826㎞ - 350 yen
226m - 80 yen
0.821㎞ - 340 yen
231m - 80 yen
0.815㎞ - 330 yen
237m - 80 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Minimum fares

47

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
0.815㎞ - 330 yen
237m - 80 yen
0.809㎞ - 320 yen
243m - 80 yen
0.803㎞ - 310 yen
249m - 80 yen
0.796㎞ - 300 yen
256m - 80 yen

Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 15 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 20 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 25 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 25 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 80 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 80 yen

(Kita-tama, Minami-tama, andAuthorized unregulated fares in Tokyo Nishi-tama transportation areas)
１．Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
810 yen248m - 90 yen
Fare B
800 yen251m - 90 yen
Fare C
790 yen254m - 90 yen
Fare D780 yen258m - 90 yen
Minimum fares
770 yen261m - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
770 yen261m - 90 yen
Fare B
760 yen
264m - 90 yen
Fare C
750 yen268m - 90 yen
Fare D740 yen272m - 90 yen
Minimum fares
730 yen276m - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
730 yen276m - 90 yen
Fare B
720 yen
280m - 90 yen
Fare C
710 yen284m - 90 yen
Minimum fares
700 yen288m - 90 yen

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (30 min.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
3,210 yen
3,210 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
3,170 yen
3,170 yen / 30 min.
Fare C3,130 yen
3,130 yen / 30 min.
Fare D
3,090 yen
3,090 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
3,050 yen
3,050 yen / 30 min.

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (30 min.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
3,040 yen
3,040 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
3,000 yen
3,000 yen / 30 min.
Fare C
2,960 yen
2,960 yen / 30 min.
Fare D
2,920 yen
2,920 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
2,880 yen
2,880 yen / 30 min.

Time and distancebased fare system

Time-based fares
Initial fares (30 min.)
Added fares
A (maximum fare)
2,880 yen
2,880 yen / 30 min.
Fare B
2,840 yen
2,840 yen / 30 min.
Fare C
2,800 yen
2,800 yen / 30 min.
Minimum fares
2,760 yen
2,760 yen / 30 min.

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

２．Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Fare D
Minimum fares

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
1.752㎞ - 720 yen
248m - 90 yen
1.749㎞ - 710 yen
251m - 90 yen
1.746㎞ - 700 yen
254m - 90 yen
1.742㎞ - 690 yen
258m - 90 yen
1.739㎞ - 680 yen
261m - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Fare D
Minimum fares

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
1.739㎞ - 680 yen
261m - 90 yen
1.736㎞ - 670 yen
264m - 90 yen
1.732㎞ - 660 yen
268m - 90 yen
1.728㎞ - 650 yen
272m - 90 yen
1.724㎞ - 640 yen
276m - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
A (maximum fare)
Fare B
Fare C
Minimum fares

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
Added fares
1.724㎞ - 640 yen
276m - 90 yen
1.72㎞ - 630 yen
280m - 90 yen
1.716㎞ - 620 yen
284m - 90 yen
1.712㎞ - 610 yen
288m - 90 yen

Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
Time and distancebased fare system

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen
1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 48

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Fixed taxi fares in Tokyo● Special zones / Busan district - Narita Airport(effective as of January 30, 2017)

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums
(yen)

Fares
applicable topremiums forthe disabled(yen)

Fares applicableto late night andearly morning
premiums andpremiums for thedisabled (yen)A

Katsushika-ku, Edogawa-ku,
Sumida-ku, Koto-ku,
Daiba Minato-ku, Higashi
Yashio Shinagawa-ku

16,00019,00014,40017,100B

Adachi-ku, Arakawa-ku,
Taito-ku, Bunkyo-ku,
Chiyoda-ku, Chuo-ku

20,00024,00018,00021,600C

Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Shinjuku-ku, Shibuya-ku,
Minato-ku (excluding Daiba),
Meguro-ku, Shinagawa-ku(excluding Higashi Yashio), Ota-ku

22,00026,00019,80023,400D

Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku, Musashinoshi,
Mitaka-shi

23,00028,00020,70025,200

Zones

Regions(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certificates.

● Special zones / Busan district - Tokyo Disney Resort
Zones

Regions(effective as of January 30, 2017)

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums
(yen)

Fares
applicable topremiums forthe disabled(yen)

Fares applicableto late night andearly morning
premiums andpremiums for thedisabled (yen)１

Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Shinjuku-ku, Shibuya-ku,
Meguro-ku

7,000

8,000

6,300

7,200

２

Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku

8,000

9,500

7,200

8,500

３

Musashino-shi, Mitaka-shi

10,50012,5009,400

11,200(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certificates.

49

● Special zones / Busan district - Haneda Airport
Service Zone

Fixed fares (yen)Edogawa-ku
Taito-ku
Sumida-ku
Bunkyo-ku
Chiyoda-ku
Shinjuku-ku
Shibuya-ku
Adachi-ku
Katsushika-ku
Arakawa-ku
Kita-kuToshima-ku
Nakano-ku
Suginami-ku
Setagaya-ku
Itabashi-ku
Nerima-ku
Musashino-shi
Mitaka-shi

7,000
7,200
7,200
7,300
5,900
7,100
6,600
8,800
9,100
8,300
8,800
8,900
7,900
8,500
6,900
9,900
10,200
11,20010,600● Santama Zone - Haneda Airport
Service Zone

Fixed fares (yen)Chofu-shi
Fuchu-shi
Koganei-shi
Nishitokyo-shi
Higashikurume-shi
Kodaira-shi
Kokubunji-shi
Kunitachi-shi
Kiyose-shi
Higashimurayama-shi
Tachikawa-shi
Higashiyamato-shi
Akishima-shi
Musashimurayama-shi
Fussa-shi
Akiruno-shi (Eastern)
Akiruno-shi (Western)
Mizuho-machi
Hamura-shi
Hinode-machi
Ome-shi
Machida-shi (Eastern)
Machida-shi (Western)
Hachioji-shi (Eastern)
Hachioji-shi (Central)
Hachioji-shi (Western)
Inagi-shiTama-shiHino-shi

10,60012,50012,30012,20013,30013,20014,30015,00014,40014,50015,80017,60016,70017,90019,10019,60019,70020,50020,50020,70021,30011,30016,60016,50017,40020,70012,90014,40015,500Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)
8,400
8,600
8,500
8,800
7,100
8,500
8,000
10,40010,7009,800
10,40010,5009,400
10,1008,300
11,60012,00013,20012,500Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)12,50014,90014,50014,50015,80015,60017,00017,80017,10017,10018,80021,00019,80021,30022,70023,30023,50024,40024,40024,70025,40013,30019,70019,70020,70024,70015,40017,10018,400(effective as of January 30, 2017)

Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
6,300
6,400
6,400
6,500
5,300
6,300
5,900
7,900
8,100
7,400
7,900
8,000
7,100
7,600
6,200
8,900
9,100
10,0009,500
Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
9,500
11,20011,00010,90011,90011,80012,80013,50012,90013,00014,20015,80015,000
16,10017,10017,60017,70018,40018,40018,60019,10010,10014,90014,80015,60018,60011,60012,90013,900Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)
7,500
7,700
7,600
7,900
6,300
7,600
7,200
9,300
9,600
8,800
9,300
9,400
8,400
9,000
7,400
10,40010,80011,800
11,200(effective as of March 8, 2015)

Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)11,20013,40013,00013,00014,20014,00015,30016,00015,30015,30016,90018,90017,80019,10020,40020,90021,10021,90021,90022,20022,80011,90017,70017,70018,60022,20013,80015,30016,500(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certificates.

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 50

DATA

DATA Reference materials

Hired taxi fares in Tokyo(large-sized vehicles)(effective as of April 1, 2014)

Time-based fare A

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

Time-based fare C
Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

4 hr. or 60 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

6,450 yen

2,930 yen

21,130 yen

2,670 yen

37,120 yen

2,410 yen

Fare B

6,350 yen

2,890 yen

20,780 yen

2,630 yen

36,500 yen

2,380 yen

Fare C6,240 yen

2,840 yen

20,430 yen

2,590 yen

35,890 yen

2,330 yen

Fare D

6,130 yen

2,790 yen

20,080 yen

2,540 yen

35,270 yen

2,290 yen

Fare E

6,030 yen

2,740 yen

19,720 yen

2,500 yen

34,650 yen

2,250 yen

Fare F

5,910 yen

2,690 yen

19,370 yen

2,460 yen

34,040 yen

2,210 yen

Fare G

5,810 yen

2,640 yen

19,020 yen

2,410 yen

33,420 yen

2,170 yen

Minimum fares

5,700 yen

2,590 yen

18,660 yen

2,370 yen

32,770 yen

2,130 yen

Long-term contract fare A
Initial fares

Added fares

Long-term contract fare B
Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

5,250 yen

2,620 yen

29,620 yen

2,360 yen

Fare B

5,160 yen

2,580 yen

29,130 yen

2,320 yen

Fare C

5,080 yen

2,540 yen

28,650 yen

2,280 yen

Fare D

4,990 yen

2,500 yen

28,140 yen

2,240 yen

Fare E

4,900 yen

2,450 yen

27,650 yen

2,200 yen

Fare F

4,810 yen

2,410 yen

27,160 yen

2,160 yen

Fare G

4,720 yen

2,370 yen

26,660 yen

2,130 yen

Minimum fares

4,630 yen

2,310 yen

26,160 yen

2,090 yen

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
7.5 ㎞

51

Time-based fare B

Added fares

Wait fares

A (maximum fare)

4,250 yen

472ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 40 sec. - 230 yen

Fare B

4,190 yen

480ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 45 sec. - 230 yen

Fare C

4,110 yen

488ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare D

4,040 yen

497ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare E

3,970 yen

506ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare F

3,900 yen

515ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare G

3,830 yen

524ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Minimum fares

3,750 yen

535ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Interactions with taxi industries of other countries.

8/5

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation Business Partnershipin South Korea visits Japan to sign an agreement to extend thecoalition.

8/7

Vice-President Yasuoka visits the United States to inspect
the condition of taxis in the city of Atlanta.

1998

6/12

Mr. Chao-tung Wang of the Volunteer Traffic Guard Division,
Taipei Municipal Government Police of Taiwan and others visit
the Association to inspect the state of taxis in Tokyo.

1999

5/20

Mr. Peilian Wang of the Dalian Television Network in the
Republic of China and others visit the Association to inspect
the taxi business in Tokyo.

4/3

Mr. Gong Park of the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea and others visit the
Association to inspect the condition of taxis in Tokyo.

1995
2000

President Niikura visits South Korea to sign an agreement
to extend the coalition with the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership.

2003

11/5

Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea and others visit the
Association to inspect the local condition of the industry.

2005

3/8

Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea and others visit the
Association to inspect the condition of the industry in Tokyo.

6/29

Professor Walter Cock of Kingston University in England visits
the Association to inspect the local condition of the industry.

5/26

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation Business Partnershipin South Korea visits Japan to sign an agreement for theextension of the coalition.

2006

2001

5/15

An observation team representing the taxi industry in Chinaʼs
Wuhan City visits the Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

6/10

The Korea Local Authorities Foundation for International
Relations visits the Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

7/19

The Beijing Traffic Management Bureau and a research teamfor urban development observation visits the Association toinspect the taxi business in Tokyo.

8/16

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation Business Partnershipin South Korea visits to inspect the taxi business in Tokyo.

4/6
to
4/12

An observation team (team leader: Vice-President Kawanabe)of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association consisting of theVice-President and expert chairpersons make an official visit to
the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) on
April 8 and New York Cityʼs Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Tradeon April 9 to observe the condition of the taxi industry in New
York City, United States.

5/19

The Singapore Taxi Academy visits the Association to inspect
the industry in Tokyo.

8/11

The Korea Transport Institute visits the Association to inspect
the industry in Tokyo.

11/15
to
11/20

An observation team (team leader: Vice-President Kawanabe)consisting of business operators registered in the Tokyo
Hire-Taxi Association make official visits to organizations suchas the TfL (traffic bureau of London), the LTDA (Licensed Taxi
Drivers Association), and Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd toobserve the condition of the taxi industry in London, England.

6/3

The Korea Transportation Safety Authority visits the
Association to observe the industry in Tokyo.

2016

European taxi business operators (Mr. Peter from Germany, Mr.
Kavan from Switzerland, Mr. Schlecht from Austria, Mr. Rudefrom France, etc.) come to Japan to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

12/21

5/21

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation Business
Partnership in South Korea visits Japan to sign an agreement
for the extension of the coalition.

10/25

A team from the Transportation Management section of the
Busan City Transportation Bureau visits the Association toinspect the taxi business in Tokyo.

2014

4/6

An observation team from the South Korean Federation of Taxi
Workers' Unions visits the Association to inspect local issues related
to labor, issues concerning the loosening of labor regulations, etc.

2013

President Niikura and others visit Taiwan to sign anagreement to extend the coalition with the Taipei City Taxi
Transportation Federation.

1992

11/20

11/6

2015

President Niikura and others visit South Korea to sign anagreement to extend the coalition with the Seoul Special City
Taxi Transportation Business Partnership.

A survey team from the Beijing City Transport Committee in
China visits the Association to inspect the local industry.

2012

9/12

10/26
2007

A team that inspects the condition of hired taxis in Europe(team leader: Mr. Kunio Fujimoto) inspects condition in London,
Paris, and Frankfurt, and attends the central conference of the
ITLA (International Taxi and Livery Association).

2009

1991

7/23
to
7/27

Ichiro Kawanabe
Editor :Hirohiko Fujiwara
Publishing office: Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
Issuer :Taxi of Tokyo 2018
Issued in June 2018

4-8-13 Kudanminami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3264-8080 URL: http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/

Taxicabs in Tokyo 2018 52

DATA