JSCE Newsletter

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

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Newsletter
No. 6 September 2001
JSCE cannot find answers to these alone, but as
one of the missions of JSCE, I have initiated an ad
hoc committee to express professional opinions.
In the post-war period, the urban regions
have eaten away its outlying districts, creating alow, sprawling city. Tokyo, especially, spread in a
dragging manner. It is difficult for such cities tocope with the needs of recycling, energy-saving,and information societies. There is a plan toconnect Kagoshima and Hokkaido with the
Shinkansen Line, with Tokyo in the middle.
However, I think to create a social structure to
maintain it would not be an easy task. Japancannot afford to have 2 or 3 cities like Tokyo. I amaware of the need to clearly differentiate the rolesof urban areas and the outlying districts. Tokyo
may have developed into a more compact and more
beautiful city, if it weren’t for the restrictions
enforced to protect the right to sunshine. Theremay not have been a need for such large-scale
highway and subway networks. The big questionis how the following regions should fit into
national land planning: 1) consume-only regions,
2) regions engaged in agriculture, forestry andother organic business, and 3) regions outside of 1)
and 2) where biodiversity is conserved. The newcommittee will also focus on these points.
Modern advanced technology has
specialized and expanded in a vertical matter. It is
possible to have more efficient technology by
successfully combining the know-how acquired by
our ancestors with those specialized technologies.
For example, it may be possible to merge medical
science, chemistry, and ecology, to consider an
efficient integrated management technology forcatchment basins. Also, we must emphasize
efficiency in developing national land with limited
funds. Agricultural water supply, which is themost simple, low-tech recycling supply, is boundby customary water rights, and hardly any
recycling efforts can be seen. Therefore, the urban
cities must pay high costs to recycle the dirty
downstream waters through advanced wastewater
treatment. There are still numerous things that canbe achieved by straining ideas, to cope with thechanges accompanying the decrease in population.

Interview with President TAMBO

President TAMBO, JSCEIn the past, civil engineers did not see
themselves as “environmentalists” since there wasno need for such a sense with the nature soabundant. Nevertheless, in high-density, highly
developed regions, serious consideration must be
given to the environment and the people. Recently,
civil engineers have realized that civil engineering
is in fact, “environmentology.” It is a peoplecentered discipline, but also linked to land. I think
this is why there is a rising demand for peripheral
fields of the civil engineering profession. This
profession
hasachieved
magnificent
accomplishments, but has been criticized by those
focusing only upon the distorted side of public
works. In such circumstances, I wish to address
my opinions in a fair and square manner, during
my term in office.
The Japanese population is expected todrop from 120 million today to 70 million in Year
2100. It may not be a perfectly accurate figure, butthere is no doubt that the population will be less.
In order to sustain decent living standards
and maintain high-level civilization, we must
determine how the social overhead capital built on
taxes of the 120 million should be utilized by the
70 million in maintenance and renewal. There
ought to be an adequate form of land use. Whatkind of capital would become necessary 100 years
from now? What should civil engineers provide?
No. 6, September 2001

1

JSCE Newsletter2nd CECAROn April 19, 2001, President Mikanagi of
Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. was awarded
a plaque from American Society of Civil Engineers
for the construction of Kansai International Airport,
which has been recognized by ASCE as one of the
10 “Millennium Monuments” of the 20th century
under “airport design and development.” There are
9 other projects selected under the categories ofdams, highways, long-span bridges, railtransportation, sanitary waste disposal systems,
skyscrapers, wastewater treatment and disposal,
water supply & distribution, and watertransportation. President Bein of ASCE noted that
the Airport has made both technological andeconomical contributions with its sophisticatedgrading technologies, various access systems, andefforts toward conserving the natural environment.
Mr. Suzuki, then JSCE President, commented that
it was a great honor that “Japanese technology has
been recognized globally.” The plaque is exhibitedin the Kansai International Airport construction
office building.

2nd CECAR Opening Ceremony
The Second Civil Engineering Conferencein the Asian Region (2nd CECAR) was organizedby The Asia Civil Engineering Coordinating
Council (ACECC) in Tokyo from April 16th to 19th
2001. The conference enjoyed more than 700
participants from 14 countries, consisting ofapproximately 60 lectures, Student Essay Contest,
Gala Dinner, Technical Visits, etc.
The conference provided an opportunity
for participants to exchange views on various
issues concerning infrastructures, environment andsustainable development, and IT. The ACECC
Presidential Meeting was held to discuss the
population growth in Asia and the need for morecost effective infrastructure development, and therole of ACECC and future collaboration among the
ACECC members.
The 2nd CECAR closed with a promise tomeet in the 3rd CECAR to be held in Seoul in 2004.

JSCE Signs Agreement of
Cooperation with IEP

Session Report:(http://www02.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/tg7/acecc/)
Presidential Meeting:(http://www02.u-page.so-net.ne.jp/tg7/cecar/)IEP 41st Annual Convention（ Engr.M.P. Gangwani, President of IEP ＆ Prof.
HANAMURA Tetsuya）

Monuments of the Millennium

JSCE concluded an Agreement of
Cooperation with The Institution of Engineers
Pakistan (IEP). Prof. Hanamura of Okayama
University attended the IEP 41st Annual
Convention held in Karachi from May 26th to 28th
2001 as JSCE representative. After President
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar gave his speech in the
Plenary Session, a signing ceremony was held for
the Agreement.
The people of Pakistan are eager to learnof new technologies in the civil engineering fieldfrom Japan. English is used as the official
language. They are looking forward to receiving
documents written in the English language, and
JSCE needs to take this fact into consideration in
future exchanges with IEP.

Awarding Ceremony(President Bein, ASCE & President Mikanagi,
Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.)No. 6, September 2001

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JSCE Newsletter

Underground Structure Damage Investigation(Naohiro IWATATE, Tokyo Metropolitan
University), Earthquake Resistant Design of Pile
Foundation (Fusanori MIURA, Yamaguchi
University),
Real-time Earthquake Disaster
Prevention (Shigeru NODA, Kagawa University),
Seismic Isolation and Response Control (Hirokazu
IEMURA, Kyoto University), Local Site Effect(Hirokazu TAKEMIYA, Okayama University),
Ductility Design (Kazuhiko KAWASHIMA,
Tokyo Institute of Technology), Pioneer the New
Application of Mathematics and Physics for
Earthquake Engineering (Hitoshi MORIKAWA,
Tokyo Institute of Technology) ， Seismic
Strengthening Technology for Existing Structures(Ken-ichi TOKIDA, Public Works ResearchInstitute), Liquefaction Design for L2 Seismic
Motions (Takeji KOKUSHO, Chuo University),
Faulting and Fault-Related Damage (Kazuo
KONAGAI, University of Tokyo), Dynamic
Design Method (Hisanori OTSUKA, Kyusyu
University), International Affairs (Susumu IAI,
Port and Airport Research Institute)

Earthquake Engineering
Committee
Outline and Scope of the Activity
Japan is one of the countries with theworld’s highest earthquake risk. Many serious
earthquake disasters occurred in the days of theindustrial modernization that had started 130 years
ago, and there has been a remarkable progress inthe field of earthquake engineering in Japan basedon bitter lessons that we learned from the pastdisasters. Nowadays, earthquake resistant designs
are a must in almost all design procedures forstructures in Japan. But in this technology-driven
age, it is all too easy for us to change drasticallyour local and global environments, causing
outlooks of earthquake impacts to be remarkably
different from what we knew. We, earthquake
professionals, are all the more responsible forproviding clear and scientific evidence that we arestill facing risky environments.
The JSCE Earthquake
Engineering
Committee was organized in 1955. Since then, thecommittee has been taking the lead in promoting
researches, developing and providing new ideas
and/or criterions for rational seismic designs,
collaborating with overseas researchers andengineers, and contributed a lot to the worldwide
development of earthquake disaster prevention
measures.
Since the disaster of Kobe Earthquake in
1995, the committee reformed its organization, andmore than 10 subcommittees covering various
aspects of earthquake engineering have beenorganized under the committee, asking even nonmember researchers and engineers to join to theiractivities. Almost 10 symposia and/or workshops
are held every year by these subcommittees, andthe committee itself holds a symposium every 2
years with several hundreds contributions.

Latest International Activities
The Earthquake Damage Investigation
Subcommittee took the lead in organizing JSCE
reconnaissance survey teams, which weredispatched to Turkey (1999), Taiwan (1999), India(2001), El Salvador (2001) and Peru (2001). The
team
membershave
been
collaborating
enthusiastically with a number of experts andengineers in these affected countries for possible
countermeasures. Their reconnaissance reports in
English are all being put up on the JSCE website inchronological order. The International Affaires
Subcommittee participated in activities of ISO andAPEC-related international earthquake resistantregulation establishments. The Subcommittee for
Spreading
Earthquake
Disaster
Mitigation
Technology held seminars for engineers in Taiwan
and China. The taskforce for Ductility Design
Research compared Japanese and Oversea
earthquake-proof design codes and organizedinternational workshops. Faulting and FaultRelated Damage Research Subcommittee cosponsored an international workshop.

Organization
The committee consists of about 100
members and 13 senior advisers. The present
chairman is Dr. Yozo GOTO (Nishinippon Instituteof Technology), the vice-chairman is Dr. Kazuo
KONAGAI (University of Tokyo), and thesecretary-general is Dr. Takumi TOSHINAWA(Meisei University). The managing board consistsof the above three persons and of 8 secretaries.
The following 15 subcommittees have beenorganized so far:Seismic Design Standard(chairman: Akihiko NISHIMURA, TESS),
Spreading
Earthquake
Disaster
Mitigation
Technology (Mitsuaki SAEKI, Japan Engineering
Consultants), Earthquake Damage Investigation(Junji KIYONO, Kyoto University), Tunnel andNo. 6, September 2001

Yozo Goto
Nishinippon Institute of Technology

3JSCE Newsletter

The Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel in the
Tohoku Shinkansen Railway Line
1. Outline of the Project
The Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel is located in
the area about 545km away from the starting point,
Tokyo Station, midway between Morioka andHachinohe in the Tohoku Shinkansen railway line.
It is the longest of worldwide land tunnels with its
extension length of 25.8km and excavated crosssection of about 70 to 85 m2.
From the geological viewpoint, the tunnel
is broadly divided into three sections. The first17km section at the tunnel entrance is composed of
Mesozoic and Paleozoic slate, and the vicinity ofthe tunnel exit is covered with talus. The middle
section of the tunnel, with the length of about 5km,
consists of tuff with montmorillonite, which showshigh swelling characteristics.
The tunnel of 25.8km was divided into
seven contract sections.
In August 1991,
construction work started (in one segment after
another), selecting either a full-face method with
auxiliary bench cut by blasting or a short bench cut
method by mechanical excavation according to thegeology of each contract section.
During the excavation, construction
encountered a number of different difficulties suchas swelling ground, water outburst, collapse on
cutting face and so on. Eventually, in September
2000, the construction reached a successful
breakthrough.

Location Map

2. Establishing a Rational and CostEffective Construction Technology
for Long and Large Tunnels
In this project, a measurement control
method was established so that measurements
could be reflected in real time, by which the initialconvergence was determined accurately on every
excavation and the validity of support pattern waspromptly evaluated. As a result, the adoption ofadequate support and auxiliary method made it
possible to complete the 25.8km construction,
including the sections with swelling ground.

Geological Profile of Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel
No. 6, September 2001

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JSCE Newsletter

3. Developed Technologies in IwateIchinohe Tunnel
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Report of the 2001 Geiyo
Earthquake

Establishment of excavation control
standards
Development of high-strength shotcrete
resistive to swelling pressure
Development of steel-fiber concrete
suitable to swelling pressure wasdeveloped
Development of NATM general drill
jumbo
Introduction of steel support with wingribs and invert strut adequate forswelling pressure
Adoption of 14m-long face bolt as thecountermeasure of face stabilization
Use of efficient muck conveying method
Adoptionofmechanicalrapid
construction system for reinforced
concrete of subbase road
Adoption of ventilation system installingelectric precipitator

Epicenter (x) and Distribution ofSeismic Intensities
On March 24th 2001 (15:28pm), an
earthquake of magnitude 6.7 (MJ) hit the Chugoku
and Shikoku districts. The epicenter was (34.1N,
132.7E) and the hypocenter was approximately
51km below the Inland Sea (Setonaikai). There
were 2 lives lost, and over 200 injured; more than
400 houses collapsed. The findings by JSCE
reconnaissance team are available in the JSCE
website (http://www.jsce.or.jp/).
The seismic intensity of almost 6 wasobserved in 4 cities in Hiroshima Prefecture.
Damage to port facilities and to roads was not very
severe. The overhead bridge of the Sanyo Bullet
Train sustained damage to the middle beams of twolayered Rahmens (reinforced concrete frame) in
Mishima City (Hiroshima). Liquefaction wasobserved in the coastal area along the Inland Sea.
Despite the extensive reclaimed grounds, theoccurrence of liquefaction was regional and slightin Hiroshima City. Many slope failures andlandslides occurred in the damaged area. Kure City
(Hiroshima) is one of the most damage-sustained
cities with seismic intensity of a little more than 5.
It is a coastal city, and surrounded by hills on theother three sides. The dwelling houses on the steep
hillside received much damage. Water wassuspended in Kure City and the neighboringislands. More than 50,000 households in Hiroshima,
Okayama, Yamaguchi, Ehime, and Kochi
Prefectures suffered from power failure. The newly
installed real-time disaster prevention network
system was effective in quickly gathering
information to enable immediate response.

NATM General Drill Jumbo

4. Final Report
Tunnel excavation has been finishedsuccessfully, by utilizing various construction
methods that were developed for the purposeof rational and economical execution.
The works for rail placement and electricity
are under construction at the moment in orderto start railway service in December 2002.
Sumito Nagai
Japan Railroad Construction Public Corporation

No. 6, September 2001

5

JSCE Newsletter1.

The results may be summarized asfollows: 1) Damage was observed over a wide area,
but not very severe despite the maximum seismic
intensity exceeding 6. The depth of the hypocenterand the high frequency contents may be one of thereasons. 2) The liquefaction was restricted within alocal area. 3) Damage to houses and walls wereconcentrated on steep slopes or hillsides. 4)
Overhead bridges of a railway sustained damage.
Local soil conditions strongly affect the behaviorof the structures. 5) Damage to the port facilities
was slighter than the 2000 Tottori-ken Seibu
earthquake. 6) Water supply system must be robust
especially for the isolated islands. 7) Newly
developed earthquake disaster prevention system
was operated. Various functions of the system must
be investigated to improve many existing systemsof local governments.

2.
3.
4.
1.

Continuing Professional Development
Program
JSCE revised its Constitution in 1999 to add“improving civil engineering skills” to its
objectives.
With the enforcement of theAgreement of Government Procurement in 1995,
the liberalization of trade is accelerating for goods
and services as well. In order for our country toenhance its international competitiveness and tocontribute to the international society, up-skillingof human resources is indispensable.
It is civil engineers’ mission to understandsuch factors as what is being demanded by thesociety and what is required, and to create things
that will be desired by the future generation. To“improve one’s specialized capabilities as anindividual” is an ideal attitude toward achievingthat goal.
“Fostering human resources” will
increase the social confidence toward civilengineers, and should be considered as an issue
that should be actively embraced.
For the purpose of promoting effective
exchange of civil engineers among countries, thecertification of engineers’ educational programs is
progressing between countries in an effort toestablish equality of qualifications in relation to themove toward mutual recognition.
Globalisation of the economic society
makes it extremely vital for our country to secureinternational equalities in the levels of engineering
qualifications and education. There are several
conditions that must be met in relation to the above
in becoming globally competitive engineer, but the“continuous development of specialized skills” isimperative for future engineers.
The aim of this program established by
JSCE is to provide support to civil engineers inmaintaining and advancing their qualifications(abilities / capabilities), in order for them tocontribute to the society in a highly ethical andprofessional manner.
All records of participation in lectures,
meetings, self-learning activities, etc. will beentered in the CPD “logbook” provided by JSCE.
This will serve to certify the activities of individual
civil engineers. OPCET will keep track of all thesedata and will issue a certification upon request.
This may be used to certify one’s educational
records required under such systems as the Civil
Engineers’ Qualification System of JSCE (started

Cracks on a Wharf at Kusatsu Area,
Hiroshima Port
Junji Kiyono
Kyoto University

New Programs of JSCEThe Organization for Promotion of Civil
Engineering Technology (OPCET), JSCE has
introduced the following new programs. The
activities provided under each of the programs aim
to create an environment where civil engineers
receive fair recognition, and where they can takeon an active role in the international community.

No. 6, September 2001

Continuing Professional Development (started
April, 2001)
Registration & Recruiting System of Senior
Civil Engineers (started May, 2001)
Civil Engineers’ Qualification System of JSCE
(started May, 2001)
Evaluation System of Newly Developed
Technology (to start October, 2001)

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JSCE Newsletter

professional skills, and to clearly express this to thesociety.
Also, by clearly defining one’s career as a“civil engineer” through acquired “qualifications,”
we believe that it will serve to clarify one’s career
path as “civil engineer” as well as to give society aclear recognition.
There are 4 levels of civil engineering
qualifications after graduation from higher
education institutions. In order from lower tohigher levels, they are: “Associate Professional
Civil Engineer,” “Professional Civil Engineer,”“Senior Professional Civil Engineer,” and“Executive Professional Civil Engineer.” Exams(documentary examination, written examination,and interview) will be given to determine theappropriate levels. We will be starting with theaccreditation of Executive Professional Civil
Engineers this year. Accreditation of Professional
Civil Engineer level or higher will be conducted in
11 engineering categories, including research /planning, design, construction / management,
maintenance, etc.
We hope that this will become a reliable
and widely accepted qualification both in andoutside of Japan.

in May, 2001) and the governmental qualification
system for Professional Engineers.
In addition to lecture meetings provided
by the JSCE standing committees, OPCET willorganize events of its own for a more enriched
CPD program.
Events organized by related
institutions / societies may also be included in the
CPD logbook records to provide opportunities forin-depth study.

JSCE’s Original Mark Symbolizing the Initials ofContinuing Professional Development and theManagement Cycle.

2.

Registration & Recruiting System of Senior
Civil Engineers
This program is implemented tocontribute to raise the mobility of civil engineers inthis time of changing working environment. It is a
registration system mainly for experienced
engineers in their 50s or above.
JSCE will evaluate and register engineers,
employers, outplacement service companies andtemporary personnel service companies in aim toincrease opportunities for employment of wellqualified civil engineers, thereby contributing to
the society.
In principle, JSCE members who havereached the age of 50 will be able to register with arecommendation from another JSCE member andfrom a fellow member. Also, employers andoutplacement service companies and temporary
personnel service companies must register with
JSCE.
This program will provide opportunities
for seasoned civil engineers to contribute to thesociety, and at the same time, will provide
opportunities for employers to employ highly
experienced and well-qualified engineers ensured
by JSCE in the desired line of work, under thedesired employment system.

4.

Evaluation System of Newly Developed
Technology
Under this program, JSCE will evaluate
and aim to promote the use of newly developed
technologies related to the civil engineering field.
The technologies to be evaluated are thosebelonging to the following 4 categories:① New technologies for or from overseas② Computer software③ Newly developed technologies in researchlevel④ Proposed alternative technologies inbidding
The technologies under ① include
domestic new technologies to be applied overseas,
and technologies introduced into Japan fromoverseas.
Also, JSCE will introduce thosetechnologies to Agreement of Cooperation
Societies / Institutions if requested. ④ will be
conducted in place of local authorities when there
is a lack specialized engineers.
In any case, after review is completed forthe acceptance of application forms, an evaluationcommittee will be formed with knowledgeable
members, and technologies will be evaluatedaccording to the evaluation standards.
Anevaluation certificate will be issued uponcompletion.

3.

Civil Engineers’ Qualification System of
JSCE
This program is JSCE’s independent
qualification system for civil engineers. A numberof qualification systems exist in the civilengineering field, such as the governmental
qualification system for Professional Engineers.
However, the objective of this system is to evaluate
civil engineers with high ethical values and highNo. 6, September 2001

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JSCE Newsletter

Voice from the Graduates

English Publications
ARTICLES (From January 2001 to June 2001)
Japanese Standard for Mountain Tunneling -1996-,
The Fifth Edition, JSCE, January 2001, 162 Pages,
Price: \3,000 (US$38.00), ISBN 4-8106-0273-7
Japanese Standard for Shield Tunneling -1996-,
The Third Edition, JSCE, January 2001, 218 Pages,
Price: \3,000 (US$38.00), ISBN 4-8106-0274-5
Recommendations for Upgrading of Concrete
Structures with Use of Continuous Fiber Sheets,
JSCE, April 2001, 250 Pages,
Price: \5,000 (US$56.00), ISBN 4-8106-0355-5

Dr. Nguyen The Duy, Lecturer of Ho Chi Minh
City University of Technology, Vietnam
In 1996, I completed the Doctoral
Program at the Civil Engineering Department of
Yokohama National University. Many years havepassed since then, however, I still remember thesmall international society there. My friends who
studied in the Program came from all over theworld: Egypt, Indonesia, Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam,
Philippines, Romania, Sri Lanka, etc. We are fromdifferent countries with various cultures but we all
got invaluable outcomes from the years studying inJapan: advanced knowledge in our specialized
fields, friendship between nations, and logicalways of analyzing, synthesizing and solving
problems. In addition, after witnessing the highdeveloped aspects of Japan, my friends and I havebeen better aware of our duties as educated people
in the contribution to the development of ourcountries. After graduation, most of my friends are
now holding key positions in their home
universities such as Cairo University (Egypt), Iasi
University (Romania), Thammasat University(Thailand), Philippine University (Philippines). I
myself have been doing teaching and research
work at the Department of Civil Engineering, Ho
Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam.
I still keep contact with my former academic
advisor in Japan. Whenever having difficulties or
unsolved problems in doing research, I have often
asked for his helpful opinions. For all of us, who
graduate from the Doctoral Program at the Civil
Engineering Department of Yokohama National
University, the years living and studying in Japan
always remain in our memories as the most fruitfuland productive years of our lives.

No. 6, September 2001

Concrete Library International No.37,
JSCE, June 2001, 189 Pages,
Price: \2,625 (US$35.00), ISSN 0913-4913
Journal of Hydroscience & Hydraulic Engineering
Vol. 18, No.1,
JSCE, 2001, 162 Pages,
Price: \3,150 (US$41.00), ISSN 0912-2508

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Editorial Board:
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8and