Introduction of Maintenance Management
for Bridge and Slope of National Freewayin Taiwan
Yin-Wen Chan, Ph.D.
President, Taiwan Construction Research Institute (TCRI)

Professor, National Taiwan University (NTU)

Outline
1. Foreword
2. Introduction of Freeway Management System in Taiwan
3. Maintenance and Management for Bridges

4. Maintenance and Management for Slope
5. Closing Remarks

2

1. Foreword

Bridges Bridges in Taiwan are in a typical multi-hazard situations:Typhoons, Scouring, Earthquakes, Traffic Overloading, etc.

Inspection and maintenance of bridges need to be carried out in avery frequent manner

Monitoring systems : Scour monitoring system, early warning
system, etc.

Slopes

Local landslides due to heavy r
ainfall or possibly over-saturate
d soil

A large scale landslide occurred in northern Taiwan (3.1k) in A
pril 2010Affecting area of over 22,800m2, total mass of landslide over 20,000 m3

Slopes (continued)
Emergency recovery (2010)
April 25

May 1 (6 days)

Landslideoccurred

Rescue andremove ofdebris

June 1 (37 days) June 19 (55 days)

Inspectionand repair;partlytraffic
allowedFullfunctioning
recovered2.
Introduction of Freeway
Management System in Taiwan

Introduction of Taiwan Area National Freeway
Bureau (TANFB) Taiwan Area National Freeway Engineering
Bureau Established in Jun 1970
 Operation of National Freeway #1in Oct. 1978
 Operation of National Freeway #3 in Jan. 2004
 Operation of National Freeway #6 in Mar. 2009 National Freeway #7 under planning: oneof the major recent new project

Maintenance Specifications and Manuals

Ministry of Transportation

2011. 3. Update andamendment 「HighwayMaintenance Specifications 」
National Freeway Bureau

2011.8 Amendment「Expressway MaintenanceManuals 」
Chapter V of the “slope"
Chapter VII of the "bridge"ＮＥＷ3 Maintenance andManagement for Bridges

Operations of Bridge Inspection
Annual contract for inspection works:
1. Half-year Inspection
2. Periodic Inspection
3. Special Inspection
4. Detailed Inspection
5. Non-destructive testing
6. Riverbed cross-section measurements

Bridge Inspection

Box girder internal

Box girder internal

Viscous dampers

Expansion joints

Supporting bear

Riverbed cross-section
measurements

Bridge Inspection

Pier crack

Substructure

Expansion joints

Concrete crack

Pier base erosion

Groundsill works

The Highest Piers in Taiwan (h=68m)
No.6 National Freeway-Kuohsing Viaduct

The Practice of Bridge Monitoring
Flood Disaster Prevention
Regular Inspection and MaintenanceOperations
River Cross-Section Measurements

Coordination between the Bridge Authority
an the River Authority
Research Projects and Training

The Practice of Bridge Monitoring
Research projects and training
Study on I-Lan Bridge Management andMaintenance System (2010~2011)
Experimental Study on an Innovative Bridge
Monitoring System (2009~2012)

Establishment of Historical Database of theScoured National Freeway Bridges (2009~2011)
Research on Scouring Depth Monitoring of Choshui
River Bridge on National Freeway No.3 (2009~2010)
Research on Continued Scouring Depth Monitoringof Choshui River Bridge on National Freeway 3 (2011)

Bridge Maintennance

Number expansion
jointsGrouting in bridge
concrete slab

Repair expansion
joint

Bridge railingreplacement

Beam repair

Additionalmaintenance ladder

Bridge Maintennance

Pier maintenance

Expansion joint
replacement

Scuppers cleaning

Safety net settingPier steel plate paint

Shock rod Repair

Emergency repair cases : Choshui River
Bridge on National Freeway #3

Before the flood season in2009

Pier base erosion

157
155

2008

153
151
149
147

2009

145
143
141
139
137
135
133
131
129

濁水溪橋:4號斷面
(L4-R4)

H-SCALE = 1/3500

V-SCALE = 1/350

Riverbed cross-section measurements

98年度：
97年度：

Shift of the Watercourse of Choshui River

Before the Typhoon Morakot In 2009

After the typhoon Morakot in 2009

Emergency repair cases : Choshui River
Bridge on National Freeway N0.3

Pre-construction (2008.12.9) Weaving laying(2009.7.1)

Block dipping

After construction (2009.7.28) Morakot struck (2009.8.9)
Morakot(2009.8.9)

After

3 Maintenance Management forBridges
Introduction of Bridge Management System

1. General Information System
Database Administration
 Geometry
 Structure Design Photos

 Misc23

2. Statistics and Analysis Module
 ManagementAdministration
 Historical records
 Locations
 General Inventory

 Fundamental Database General Information
 Inspection records

24

3. Inspection Data Module
 General system Crew records
 Operation
 Deterioration observed

 Evaluation of design Performance Loading Capacity

 Traffic servicability
 Maintenance Strategy
 Cost and Budget System
 D.E.R. & U.
25

4. Repair Cost Estimation Module Requirements for fullinspection
 Evaluation and priority
 Cost of repair andmaintenance Repair methods selectionand basic design26

5. Maintenance Records ModuleMajor functions
 Tracking ofmaintenance andinspection works
 Life-time
serviceability history

 Decision making forengineers27

6. GIS Analysis Module Main function
 Map layout
 Bridge inquiry
 Emergency service
 Path planning Space analysis

28

4 Maintenance Managementfor Slopes

Comprehensive Freeway Inspection and Monitoring

2010. July Installation of instruments at 32sites of dip slope
202 sites of slope
912 monitoring sys. installed 2010. Oct. Monitoring system developed
3 million data per year
2010. Nov. SOP and practice manuals

939 sites of slope
Over 20,000 ground anchors

Freeway Life-cycle
maintenance andManagement system
100 various types ofmonitoring equipment

2011. June. Inspection of all rock anchors
2011. Dec. Safety evaluation of freeway slopes
2012. Jan. Integration of life-span management
system2012. May. Automation and standardization ofslope monitoring and inspectio

Platform and System for Monitoring

Classification of instruments for slope
monitoringFormat and transmission of data
Display and exchange system

31

Standardization of Monitoring Operation ofFreeway Slopes標準化
 Specification
 Installation
 Measurement

Inclinometer Output and transmission
 Remote monitoring

Petential surface ofsliding

GW level Detector
GA load cell

Rain Detector

Distributed
inclinometers

GroundwaterlevelInclinometer
Piezometer

Piles

Prestressed
ground anchors4 Maintenance Managementfor Slopes
The Practice of Slope MaintenanceEvaluation and Ranking of Safety of Slopes
 Evaluation and ranking ofslopes Routine inspections

 Periodic measurements
 Ground anchor check-up

Rank B邊坡補強工程完成後
R  Characteristics
ResponseASig. unstableImmed. action

BSomewhat
unstable

Intensive monit.

CNo sig. us
observed

Routinelymonitoring

DStableRegular inspec.

Rank C

Rank D34

Examples of Slope Repair

Mini-piles

Intercepting Ditch

35

Examples of Slope Repair

All casing concrete piles

Rock anchors with shotcrete grids

36

Examples of Slope Repair

Retaining wall with piles

Berm ditch with mini-piles37

4 Maintenance Management for
Freeway Slopes
Introduction of Slope Management System

Full Life-span Management System
of National Freeway SlopesSignificance Comprehensive history andtraceabiltiy system
 Automation of data processing
and graphical interface
 Real-time monitoring

39

Full Life-span Management Systemof National Freeway Slopes

Automation and Graphical Interface

41

Real-time Monitoring
Locationindication
Real-time
video

Displayand status

4. Conclusions

Closing Remarks
Bridge and Slope Inspection and Maintenance
Systems
Establishment of Full Life-Span Management of
the Bridge and Slope

Automation and Real-time monitoring for Early
Warning System44

Thank for your attention