Nov. 20, 2014
JSCE 100th Anniversary Celebration

Positive Contribution of Infrastructure
to Meet Global Challenges-- Experiences in Taiwan

By Nelson Chou, National Taiwan UniNelson Chou, Ph.D, PE
Chinese Institute of Civil &Hydraulic Engineering

Infrastructures have made many positive
contributions toward the economic
developments in Taiwan.
Contribution of Infrastructure (1):-- High Speed Rail: Taipei to Kaohsiung(train body made in Japan)

Contribution ofInfrastructure (2):Taipei MRT

Contribution of Infrastructure (3):Kaohsiung MRT

Contribution of Infrastructure (4)-- Eco-pond in the ramp of National Highway 68Eco-pond in the ramp of National Highway 69Contribution of Infrastructure (5)Vegetated reinforced Soil Walls::(暨南大學聯絡道邊坡整治案例)

Reinforced Soil Wall- to Enhance
Ecological Diversity

中興工程顧問股份有限公司(暨南大學聯絡道邊坡整治案例，堅尼士)This presentation will focus on two
examples of such infrastructures that havemade contributions to the society and met
the global challenges:(1) Wu-Sun-Tou (烏山頭) reservoir dam &irrigation system in Tainan and Chayi ,designed by a Japanese engineer 八田與一(2) J.W. permeable pavement system, which canreduce the negative impacts of global warmingLegend 1:
Wu-Sun-Tou (烏山頭) reservoir &八田與一 (Hatayayichi)

Tainan and Chayi arelocated in plain, thereby
lacking water for • .
irrigation.
The irrigation system has
made significant
contribution to agriculture
in southern Taiwan.

Wu-Sun-Tou Reservoir & 八田與一
• The Wu-Sun-Tou reservoir dam is mainly used
for irrigation in Tainan and Chayi counties insouthern Taiwan.

• Designed by八田與一, an outstanding Japanese
civil engineer, devoted his whole life in Taiwan.
He designed and supervised the construction ofthe reservoir/dam and the connective irrigation
channels during 1920-1930.

Aero-photo of Wu-Sun-Tou reservoir

The dam is 56 m tall, 1273 m long.
Reservoir capacity is 150,000,000T, the largest one
in Asia when it was built.
The irrigation channels are 10,000 km long
It covers 15,000 sq km rice farm

Chayi-Tainan Irrigation System(嘉南大圳 )b八田夫人外代樹「愛慕夫君，我願追隨去」

Legend 2:
Ancient Drainage System in China& Modern Permeable Pavement(JW Ecosystem) in Taiwan

 Heaven Mountain
Drainage in China-- Ancient aqueductsystem坎兒井坎兒井的配置(遠處為天山，中間的系
列洞為豎井，左下為供灌溉的蓄水池)

坎兒井結構示意圖(取材自網路，到處走走，2008)現代坎兒井的發明(Modern Aquaduct System)

Rigid,Permeable Pavement

30

Problems Created by Existing Permeable Pavement--Existing Permeable Pavement: Permeable brick, interlocking
bricks, permeable asphalt, permeable concrete ,etc.
-- easy to broke and need frequent repairs! Cause repeatedpollution.
-- easy to clog and need frequent maintenance!
Sunken

高低差 Height Difference

uneven 不平穩

Intolerant of heavy load

不耐重壓Pipes

凹陷

管線Frequent repairs 常修補圖片來源http://www.wufi.org.tw/republic/rep21-30/no30_14.htm

運用JW生態工法
協助地球除三害：洪水、霾害、熱島

Use rigid, permeable pavement toTackle Three Evils:
Flood、 Haze & Heat Island

JW Pavement-- High Bearing & Permeable

蓄水層Aqueduct

混凝土

Water storing

concreteSoil layer

Infiltration: 1500mm/hr – 12,000mm/hr
The highest in the world!

Features of JW Pavement
1.Permeable & Rigid

2. Structurally Sound

水分蒸散圖

3.Water Storage

導水管進水，空調管導氣，形成循環，吸附灰塵、清淨空氣。
34

除霾害Tackling Haze

JW 鋪面具空調效益
With air-circulating
摘自中新網Chinanews.com

。
Experiments: At least 50% of exhausts from vehicles will enter the JWpavement within 20mins, and at least 70% of CO2 become
nutrients of the underground ecological system.
發表於:2012美國氣候與環境協會期刊01月01日P01-P11
2010美國第五屆國際環境科學與技術會議P362-P363
Liu, C. M., J.-W. Chen, J.-H. Tsai, W.-S. Lin, M.-T. Yen and T.-H. Chen, “Experimental studies of the dilution of vehicle
exhaust pollutants by environment-protecting pervious pavement”, Journal of the Air & Waste
Management Association, 62:1, 92-102, (2012b).

未來北京市仍會有大霧，但卻不會有霾害！
In the future, if JW pavement were fully used,
Beijing will still have fog, but not haze！

汽車尾氣exhausts
臺北科技大學2004完工 攝於2013.04.28
NTUT finished in 2004 Picture: 2013.04.28

JW 鋪面同時兼具「承受載重」與「道路透水」功能JW pavement- both permeable and load-bearing

透水率高達12,000mm/hr
高承載可達上萬磅載重
一次解決兩個問題
Infiltration rate up to 12,000mm/hr
Bearing capacity up to ten-thousand
Pounds -Solve two problems at the same time!

JW 道路是水庫,是二氧化碳捕捉器,也是空調機
JW road is a reservoir, a carbon dioxide trap and an air conditioner

公視:2013.08.09晚間新聞http://news.pts.org.tw/detail.php?NEENO=247336
華視:2013.08.09晚間新聞http://news.cts.com.tw/cts/general/201308/201308091291850.html
資料來源:2013年08月10日聯合報

How to pave?

Structured Aircirculated Aqueducts

Use recycled plastics

39

Fill concretePress

40

Evolution of Concept of Infrastructures
t1︰Before 1980 — Era of Man Can Prevail (人定勝天的時代)
t2︰1980～2002 — Era of Earth Hits Back (大地反撲的時代)
t3︰After 2002 — Era of Harmony Between Man and Earth (順天應人的時代)

Concept

Construction of Central
Cross-Island Highway
中橫公路之興建

921Chi-Chi
Earthquake,
Typhoon Nari 、Herb、Toraji,etc.
九二一地震納莉
颱風、賀伯颱風、桃芝颱風等

Appreciate Harmony ofEcology and Landscape重視生態景觀合諧

順天應人

大地反撲

人定勝天
1940

1960

1980

2000

Year

Mountain, River, Road, Be Cautious；
Life, Production, Ecology, Be Balanced!
山戒、水戒、路戒，步步為戒；生活、生產、生態，生生不息！

The purpose of infrastructure is not justfor engineering, it is for prosperity of thesociety.
Recent development of infrastructures in
Taiwan has focused on sustainability, and try
to protect the environment and to reduce
problems associated with global warming.

This presentation cites two
sustainable engineering legends: 八田與一 & Wu-Sun-Tou reservoir,and JW permeable pavement.
Hope you enjoyed them andthank you for your attention.
CICHE welcome you in Taipei !