DIMS Projectfor Dark Matter and Interstellar
Meteoroid Study
F. Kajinoa, R. Idea, M. Arahoria, S. Tadaa, K. Nadamotoa, Y. Tamedab, Y. Iwamib, D. Shintob, M. Bertainac,dD. Barghinid, S. Valentid, A. Cellinoc,e, K. Shinozakif, M. Casolinog,h, T. Ebisuzakig, Y. Takizawag, L. W. Piotrowskii,
H. Sagawaj, J. Matthewsk, S. Abel, I.H. Parkm, S. Kimn, G. Starkmano, J. S. Sidhuo , Y. Fujiwara
aDept. of Phys., Konan Univ., Kobe, JapanbDept. of Engin. Science, Osaka Electro-Comm. Univ., Neyagawa, Japan

cIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

dDipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Torino, Turin, Italy

eOsservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Turin, ItalygRIKEN, Wako, Japan
iUniv. Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

fNational Center for Nucl. Res. (NCBJ), Lodz, Poland

hIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

jICRR, Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

kDept. of Phys. & Astronomy, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, USAlDept. of Aerospace Engin., College of Science and Technology, Nihon Univ., Funabashi, JapanmDept. of Phys., Sungkyunkwan Univ., Jang-an-gu, Korea

nKorea Astro. and Space Sci. Inst. (KASI), Daejeon, Korea

oDept. of Phys., Case Western Reserve Univ., USA

The 2nd DIMS Workshop
December 5th, 2020 by Teleconference1

Objects of DIMS Project• Search for nuclearites and Strange Quark
Matters as the candidates of the macro size darkmatters• Study of meteoroids, especially interstellar
meteoroids.
• Study of other Transient Luminous Effects (TLE’s)• Co-observation with JEM-EUSO program such as
EUSO-TA, Mini-EUSO, K-EUSO etc.

2

Dark Matter Candidates• Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)• Axions• Primordial Black Holes• Exotic Candidates
WIMPzillas, gravitinos, gluinos
Q-balls, Q-nuggets, SIMPS
Fermi Balls, EW Balls and GUT Balls
New Class of Dark Matter Objects
Mirror Dark Matter …

K. Arun et al. arXiv 1704.06155

Dark matter doesn’t have to interact weakly
if it’s very massive.

3Glenn Starkman 2015

Flux

Possibility to Observe Interstellar Meteoroids
from Outside the Solar System

1mg
Meteoroid Mass

Expected flux limits with 1 year observation
No.1 System : 1.3×10-17 m-2 s-1(Observation efficiency in time is assumed to be 0.09)
4Difference between Nuclearites and Meteoroids
Meteoroids
Meteoroid material is evaporated and ionized. Lightis emitted from the ionized gas.
Meteoroids bound in the solar system

Meteoroidsv : 20~50km/s

Elliptical orbit, v < 72 km/s
most meteoroids
Interstellar meteoroids
Hyperbolic orbit, v > 72 km/s
Orbital velocity of Earth = 30 km/s
Escape velocity at earth orbit = 42 km/s

~100kmNuclearites/SQM
Light is emitted as black-body radiation from an
expanding cylindrical thermal shock wave by elastic
or quasi-elastic collisions with the ambient atoms.
Average velocity ⅴN : ~220 km/s

~30 km(for m=1 g)

Nuclearites~220 km/s

DIMS Observation Concept
Meteor observation
zone

TLE’s

〜100kmNuclearite
search zone
〜30km

Observation Instrument

Earth surface

6Test of Observation SystemHDMI Cable

Video USB Cable
CapturePCWindows 10UFOCapture

UFO Capture:motion capture softwareCanon ME20F-SH
Monochrome type
Lens: CanonEF 35mm f / 1.4L
FoV: 56.2˚×33.4˚Observation at TA-BRM
Aug. 31, 20197

Past Observation Periods and Sites• Jan. 1st -4th, 2017
• Okamoto and Miki, Hyogo, Japan• Aug. 20th -Sept. 1st, 2017
• Telescope Array site Utah, USA• Dec. 25th -28th, 2017
• Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan• Sept. 7th -11th, 2018
• Telescope Array site, Utah
TA site @ Utah

• Aug. 28th –Sept. 1st, 2019
• Telescope Array site, Utah
8

Past Observation Summary（2017-2019）
Obs. periodFeatureJan2017

Stereo obs.
at Okamoto
and Miki

Aug – Sept2017
Dec2017
Sept
2018
Sept
2019

Single camera
at TA site
3 types ofcameras
at Ishigaki,Okinawa
Stereo obs.
by 3 cameras
at TA site
Stereo obs.
by 2 cameras
at TA site

ISO sensitivity

Number ofmeteors

Meteor Type~46
13

shower from
Quadrantids
sporadiccoincident

51,200 ~409,600329

sporadic

204,800

318

sporadic

204,800~2000

sporadic

204,800

3840

sporadic~34
102,400

9

Test Observation Site in 2019
Type 2 large size pedestal

camera position
Telescope Array Site

CLFCLFTARAHinckley
Type 2 large size pedestals

CLFTARAHinckley

Type 3 small size pedestal

BRM
BRM

2 cameras were used at a time for the observation.

10

Simultaneous Events
4th night: 8/31 22:29 – 9/1 5:00 MDT, 2019 (6h 31min)
Composite image
Composite image
N2, BRM
N1, Hinckley
６1
114

7
About 75% of events in N1 are observed simultaneously in N2.
Number of the simultaneous events are obtained to be 362 in this night.

11

Observed Number of Meteors
Aug. 29th – Sep. 1 UTC, 2019 (4 nights)
600

900
800

N1Observation Time (min)Number of Meteor Events

1000
N2700
600
500
400
300
200500

N1N2400
300
200
100

1000008/2908/30

08/3109/0108/2908/3109/01

Date (UTC)

Date (UTC)N1:
1733 events
N2:2107 events
N1+N2: 3840 events

08/30

N1:
N2:

1129 min = 18.8 h
1288 min = 21.5 h

DIMS can observe several hundred events per night per camera.
12

-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5678-2
-1
0
12
34
5678

N1 System
Utah, 2019/09/01
New Calibration

N2 SystemUtah, 2019/09/01
New Calibration

MagnitudeMagnitude

Magnitude vs. Angular Velocity

0.1110100
Angular Velocity (deg/s)

1000

0.1

1

10100
Angular Velocity (deg/s)

N2 was about 0.5 mag more sensitive than N1.

We estimate Nuclearite flux limit using K1<2 dashed line
drawn in the figures.

1000

Concept of Data Analysis
Data analysis meeting isheld periodically.
DIMS Data Analysis GroupKonan : F. Kajino

contact for improvement

Observation Datataken by using
UFOCapture

UFOAnalyzer :SonotaCo

NCBJ : K. Shinozaki
Torino : M. Bertaina, S. Valenti,
D. Barghini …
Warsaw : L. W. Piotrowski…

UFOOrbit

1st step analysis
using a commercialsoftware
Orbital analysisof meteors

2nd step analysis forDevelopment ofmeteors and macro
new analysis
DMs
programs for DIMS
15

Video Data Analysis using
Meteor Trigger Program
S. Valenti, D. BarghiniVideos from N2 camera of 2019 data have been analyzed• 659 videos• 898 clusters revealed• 457 videos with 1 cluster• 131 videos with 2 clusters• 33 videos with 3 clusters• 7 videos with 4 clusters• 3 videos with 5 clusters• 2 videos with 6 clusters• 1 video with 7 clustersVideo Data Analysis using Meteor Trigger Program

S. Valenti, D. Barghini

1 meteor and many satellite tracks were foundVideo Data Analysis using Meteor Trigger Program

S. Valenti, D. Barghini

Event Time Distribution
F. KajinoAug. 30, 2019

Aug. 31, 2019

Sept. 1, 2019

N1

N1

N1

N2

N2

N2

Dusk

Dawn

These distribution include not only meteor events but also flush events.
We can see more meteor events near dawn than those near dusk.
19Why More Meteors near Dawn?
EarthDay

Direction of Earth’s
orbital motion

North PoleDawn

DuskNight30 km/s
More meteoroids are
swept up near dawn

20

Example of Multiple Meteor Events

M20190901_103402_USUtah_CRC_N1P.jpg

5 meteors and 1 satellite can be seen in 5.2 sec

21

Camera calibration
at National Institute of Polar Res.
76 inchintegrating sphere
Inner diameter
1.9m

cameraacrylic
dome

Calibration using the large integratingsphere

http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~uap/IntegrationSphere/

22

DIMS Camera Box。

FoV
63°

Communication
Antenna

MonitorDAQ/ControlPC
Battery

Conceptual design ofthe camera station
23

Camera Box Inside

Fan &Heater

Arduino &Raspberry Pi

PC

HDD
12TB x 2
24

Arduino, Interface, Sensors, Fans, Heater
Fan 1In ⇔ Out

BME280Temp,Humidity,
Atm PP.
Atm.
SensorPower Supply
AC 100V to DC 12V

PTC Heater
Upper side

Arduino Uno
Fan 2Lower side
Air circulation

CdS
Brightness
SensorInterface Board

25

GPS Receiver
GLOBALSAT BU-353S4 USB
GPS ReceiverSpecification: 1µs synchronized to GPS time

NMEATime2 Software
for PC GPS Time Synchronization• NMEATime2 is PC time synchronization software thatsynchronizes the PC clock to the time from a GPS receiver.

Measurement : PC time are synchronized to the GPS time within about 1ms.

DIMS Observation SystemJapanUtah
Obs. Station PC
HDD utdims01

CentralControl PC

Obs. Station PCkudims01

HDDAnalysis PC
kudims03

Analysis PC
kudims04

utdims02

kudims02

Data ServerHDDs
All data are
stored in HDDs

Italy, USA …
Control PC

Obs. Station PC
HDDs are sent from
Utah to Japan every
1 or 2 monthHDDutdims03

Obs. Station PC
HDD utdims04

Remote control using TeamViewer
28

Installation Site of DIMS Cameras
Type 2 large size pedestal

camera position
Telescope Array Site

CLF
CLFTARAHinckley
Type 2 large size pedestals

CLFTARAHinckley

Type 3 small size pedestal

BRMBRMA few more camera stations may be added in near future!

29

Configuration of Camera Stations (1)3 Stations
We need to optimize
positions and directions of
the cameras to observe bothof meteors and macro DMs.

MD△CRC★TARAHinckley

★
CLF

BRM

4 camera stations aredesigned to observe northdirection- to avoid Sun shine- to avoid trigger problem
for seeing too numerousstars

100315315355

1000 x 500 x 5 PlateCamera Box

290

65265300

35315

A50A4x Hook

650

700

6x Corner Plate

B

Steel wire

250Stairs
Square pipes
50x50

1000

250

L shaped angle

2501000

BCC
1000

250

L shaped angle
50x50

75

250

250
950

250

Front view

Tall size pedestals will be set at TARA and CLF.

125

900
5050

Side view
DIMS Observation Station
Type 2 Pedestal and Camera Box
Part 1
Date : Sept. 11, 2020
Drawn by : F. Kajino, Konan Univ.
Unit : mm

31

100

315

315

355

1000 x 500 x 5 Plate

650

50

50

Camera Box
A650

A

290

65

265

300

35315

B

Square pipes
50x50

5050

B

1000

1000

Front view

Side viewSmall size pedestal will be set at BRM.

DIMS Observation Station
Type 3 Pedestal and Camera Box
Part 1Date : Sept. 11, 2020
Drawn by : F. Kajino, Konan Univ.
Unit : mm32

Co-Observation with JEM-EUSO program
MINI-EUSO/UV-ATMOSPHERE

DIMS

Schedule
2020
Jan. Shipped 1 camera box to Utah
Nov. Ordered of 4 camera pedestals
2021
Jan. Installation of 4 camera pedestals
2 tall pedestals at TARA, 1 tall pedestal at CLF, 1 short pedestal at BRM
July? Shipping 3 camera boxes to Utah(delay caused by COVID-19)
Aug. ? Installation of a cameras at TA site, Utah

Year2019

2020

2021

2022

ItemFabrication

Test

Equipment

Observation

Installation of4 cameras
Test
Obs

Observation in Utah

Data analysis

Data Analysis

Presentation ofthe results

Summary• We are developing DIMS project to search for
Nuclearites/SQMs and interstellar meteoroids.
• 4 camera stations will be Installed next summer.
• A few more stations may be added in near future.
• DIMS can co-observe with JEM-EUSO program such as
EUSO-TA, mini EUSO, K-EUSO …
• We need many collaborators to operate in long term
and to analyze huge data.
• DIMS observation at Utah is coming soon!
35