TAXICABS IN TOKYO2015

New Version

A report from the front lines of taxi rides
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxis

Tokyo Sightseeing Taxis
A new form of travelling where certified
drivers guide you through Tokyo with hospitality.

Maternity Taxis

CONTENTS
UNIVERSALDESIGN
5
7 TAXI01

An overview of the taxi industry ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・1

02

The loosening of regulations regarding entry
in the taxi industry and its repercussions ・・・・・・・・

03

The current status and initiatives in management・・・

04

Initiatives in efficiency and streamlining・・・・・・・・・・11

05

The working conditions of taxi drivers andfuture initiatives ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 13

06

Safety measures・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・17

07

The improvement of taxi services ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 19

08

The current status of the taxi industry in othercountries ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 27

09

Future initiatives concerning the hosting of the2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo ・・・33

10

Industrial, governmental, and social activities ・・・37

DATA

Reference materials ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 39

Fixed Fares from/to Haneda Airport

1

SECTION

01 An overview of the taxi industry
Assuming an essential role in city life, only
made possible with door-to-door services.

Number of carried passengers, classiﬁed by transportation facility
Other public transport facilities share the responsibility of transporting passengers only within
speciﬁc time frames (from ﬁrst departures until last stops) from one designated location toanother, but taxis are available twenty-four hours a day, with door-to-door services that meet theneeds of individual passengers and play an essential role in city life.

Nationwide

14,460

million people

1,594
million people(4.4 million people
per day)(5.8%)

4,510(400 million people
per day)(48.1%)

9,147

million people(120 million people
per day)(15.4%)

million people

Taxis(25 million people
per day)(30.7%)JR

Private railways

BussesTotal number of carried passengers nationwide:

29,711 million people (100%)
Source: Transportation-related statistics by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2014)

Tokyo

1,400

330

million people

1,334(3.8 million people million people(3.7 million people
million people per day)per day)(29.9%)(1 million people(28.5%)
per day)(8.0%)Taxis

JR

Subway457
1,096
million people(3 million people
per day)(23.4%)

Private railways

million people(1.3 million people
per day)(9.8%)

2
million people(50 thousand people
per day)(0.4%)

BussesStreetcars

Total number of non-periodic carried passengers in the special wards of Tokyo:

4,637 million people (100%)
Source: Trends in Carried Passengers in the Annual Report on Urban Transportation (2014), Hired Taxi Almanac of 2015

1

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Total number of taxis
nationwide (2014)

Total number of taxis in Tokyo (2014)

240,853

30,90748,885(20.3% of total nationwide)01

An overview
of the taxi
industry

14,43020.3％

SECTION

3,548

Corporate taxis

Private taxis

Hired taxis

Transitions in the total number of taxis nationwide(by ten thousand)

28
273,181 273,740 273,529
270,703271,32727

26

267,141

256,875

256,403

255,984

263,282

257,780

256,403

265,431

259,033
257,088 256,343

251,466

25

246,322
243,24724

240,853

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Transitions in the number of corporate taxis in Tokyo(by thousand)40
36,74335,61935

35,27133,28831,38430

37,671 37,095

28,63228,43430,371
31,24329,19232,18931,80632,59634,44431,31430,92431,09230,90725
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

2SECTION

01

An overview of the taxi industry

Meeting regional transportation needs inﬁve zones.
Taxi zones and number of vehicles

Nishitamatransportation area

Kitatamatransportation area

Special zones /Busan transportation area

8 companies

39 companies

346 companies

Corporate taxis

209

Corporate taxis
Private taxis

1,748
170

Corporate taxis

27,646
3,548
31,194

Hired taxis
Total

13,982

Private taxis●Hikawa●Ome●Ikebukuro●Itsukaichi●Tachikawa●Shinjuku●Tokyo●Hachioji●Shinagawa●Machida

OshimaNiijimaMinamitamatransportation area
24 companies
Corporate taxis
Private taxis

Miyakejima

Islands District

1,231
278

Hachijojima

38 companies
Corporate taxis

73

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

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A systematic 24-hour service system ofabout 2.5 people per vehicle.
The scale of corporate taxi companies
SECTION

Taxi companies, which are mostly small and mid-sized, do not receive monetary aid from thegovernment like other public transportation companies do.

By scale in number of employees
301 - 1,000 people

5 companies

32 companies(1.0%)(1.3%)(8.3%)

100 people or less10 million yen or less50 million yen or less

115 companies
Number of employees

More than 100 million yen

100 million yen or less

4 companies(16.1%)

An overview
of the taxi
industry

By scale in capital

1,001 people or more

62 companies

01

171 companies

40 companies（29.8%）(44.2%)(10.4%)

Capital

Number of companies by scale

Number of companies by scale

386companies

386companies(100.0%)(100.0%)30 million yen or less101 - 300 people

138 companies

205 companies(35.8%)(53.1%)

As of April 1, 2014, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

The service system of corporate taxis
PM12:00
PM

0
0:0

2:0

1

AM

8:

0
8:0

0

AM

AM

9:

00

AM 10 :0 0

Shift
Shift D
D

Shift
Shift C
C

PM

12

AM

Shift
Shift F
F

:0

0

1:

AM 7 :0 0

AM 6

PM6:0024
hours

Dispatch00

Shift
Shift A
A

AM6:000

Shift
Shift EE

Shift
Shift B
B

0

7:0

0

4:0
PM

00

AM

PM

Corporate taxis use a service
system that meets the demandsof each and every passenger fromearly in the morning to late at night
all throughout the year primarily
with the vehicles driven by about
2.5 drivers each, and divided into
six shifts, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F.

:0 0
A
M

4:
8:0

3:

00

AM

AM

Ret

2:0

0

PM

0

4:0

AM

0

00

AM

*1. In addition to Shifts A to F on the right, there
are also a few vehicles that operate inadditional shift systems including Shift G(2 p.m. to 8 a.m.), Shift H (3 p.m. to 9 a.m.), andShift I (4 p.m. to 10 a.m.).

2:0

urn

0
AM 1: 0 0

:00

10

PM

AM0:00
As of 31.03.15, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

4SECTION

02 The loosening of regulations regarding entry*1

The increased number of vehicles after the loosening of regulations
Restrictions on the number of taxi were
eliminated on February 1, 2002 and the terms
and conditions that were put in place until thenwere substantially loosened as shown below.
(1) From a system of approval to a system of priornotification(2) The minimum number of vehicles that had to be
kept dropping from 60 to 10(3) From the need to own a business office andgarage to having rights to lease(4) From the need to purchase new vehicles to theright to purchase used vehicles■Entry has become extremely easy and the expenses required per
vehicle have dramatically dropped as a result of the substantial
loosening of the conditions for entry. Because it has become abusiness that anyone can enter at reasonable fees, the numberof taxis has grown signiﬁcantly in a short period of time to reach
6,087 vehicles. There is also a signiﬁcant number of companies
that started oﬀ with ten vehicles but increased their number ofvehicles due to increased management eﬃciency.
■Taxis are regulated in some form or another in terms ofcomprehensive metropolitan transport policies in most major
cities throughout the world. However, metropolitan transport
policies were ignored in Japan and principles of competition
were forced in. This led to opposite eﬀects such as the wages ofdrivers decreasing and traﬃc disturbances.

*2

Initiatives related to the recent decrease in number of vehicles

The supply-side control measures (the designation, etc. of speciﬁed special regions for monitoring) enacted
by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism through notiﬁcation on July 11, 2008
■ New entry → The minimum number of vehicles is to be increased from 10 to 40(special zones / Busan area)■ Increased number of vehicles → upgraded inspections, etc.
■ Decreased number of vehicles → exempt from inspections■ Initiatives related to the autonomous decrease of vehicles within the industry

This has led to a signiﬁcantdecrease in the number ofvehicles as of 2010.

*3

Revisions in the Act on Special Measures Concerning Taxis

The “Act on the Partial Revision of Acts on Special Measures, etc. Concerning the Standardization
and Revitalization of General Passenger Vehicle Transportation Business in Speciﬁc Regions” wasenacted on January 27, 2014 (designation, etc. of speciﬁc and semi-speciﬁc regions).
General rules■ New entry: by permission■ Increasing vehicle count: by notiﬁcation■ Automatically approved fares (strict examinations for fares that fall below the minimum)Speciﬁc regions (designated by the Minister andadvisory committee of the governing council)■ New entry / increasing vehicle count: prohibited■ Enforceable supply reduction measures■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes
are given if fares fall below the minimum)
Council
Antitrust law exemption
Approval

Regional planning
Business operator

Approval

Business operator plans

Period:3 years

Proposals for decreases throughbusiness methods
It is necessary for all
inside operators to getapproval for plans frombusiness operators.

Semi-speciﬁc regions(designated by the Minister)■ New entry: by approval■ Increasing vehicle count: by permission■ Authorized unregulated fares (orders for changes
are given if fares fall below the minimum)
Council
Antitrust law applied
Regional planning
Business operator

Opinions on new entry andincreasing vehicle countAuthorization

Revitalization project plans

Gathering opinions(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans and supply
reduction measures) Recommendations and orders concerning
decreases through business methods(The implementation of autonomous
demand-activated plans along with supply
reduction measures) Permission for new entry / approval
for increased vehicle countOutside operator

Business operator

The government*Cancelled regardless of the designation period if it has been
conﬁrmed that there is no other reason for designation.

Period:3 years

The government*Cancelled regardless of the designated institution if it has been
conﬁrmed that there is no other reason for designation.

Designated regions Speciﬁc designated regions ◆ Mandatory measures to prevent overworked driving
Stipulations concerning the prevention of overworked driving have been(designated by notiﬁcation) (designated by notiﬁcation)
upgraded from being ministerial ordinances to being legal obligations.
By registration By registration By registration ◆ Implementing revitalization projects for business operators[training][examination][examination]
Providing stipulations that are of the same intentions as those of the
Trucking Business Act.
Nationwide

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in the taxi industry and its repercussions

I N TO K YO
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Comparing frameworks that involve taxi business regulations
Relationship with P5

ー

*1

*2

*3

Enforcement of law on special measures Acts for the promotion of improved services and safe usage of
After October 2009
taxis
Loosening of
regulations
Before 2002

Entry

Loosening of
regulations
After 2002

Speciﬁc regions(speciﬁed inaccordance withfactors such as excess
supply)General rules

By licensing

By permission

By permission(licensed only within therange needed to meetdemands)(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

By permission(permitted only when
there is new demand)

General rules

Semi-speciﬁcregions(speciﬁed regionsthat may have excess
supply)By permission

By permission(permitted if criteriasuch as safety
standards are met)

(permitted within therange where there is noexcess supply)Speciﬁc regions(speciﬁed regions thathave excess supply)

Permission notgrantedSECTION02

The loosening of regulations
regarding entry in the taxi
industry and its repercussions

By approval
Increasing
vehicle count(- approved within therange where there is no
By approval
By prior notiﬁcation By prior notiﬁcation
By approval
By prior notiﬁcation
excess supply(approved only within- approved with(unregulated as a(unregulated as a(approved only when(unregulated as a
the range needed tocompliance withgeneral rule)
general rule)
there is new demand)
general rule)
meet demand)laws, managerial
eﬀorts, etc. taken into
consideration)

Authorized
unregulated faresystemFares

By approval(1) Controlling increased
vehicle counts̶

By approval

By approval

By approval

Emergency
adjustment
measures

Emergency adjustment measures(new entry and(new entry and increased number of vehicles
increased numbers of are prohibited for a speciﬁed period in regions
vehicles are prohibited
where excess supplies are found)
for a speciﬁed period inregions where excess
supply is found)

By approval̶(2) Promotion of decreased vehicle counts

Measures against excess supply

̶

̶

̶

̶

No antitrust law
exemption̶̶̶Measures forbusiness operators
not participating in
the Council→ noneAuthorized
unregulated faresystem(- notiﬁcations on the (- notiﬁcations on therange stipulated by the range stipulated by thegovernment / orders to government / orders tochange fares outside change fares outside
the range)
the range)̶̶Participation in theCouncil
Participation in the
Efforts by businessCouncil
operators
Initiatives bybusiness operators (- mandatory decrease

Participation in theCouncilEfforts by business
operators(autonomously
developing demand,for instance bydecreasing the numberof vehicles based onplans developed by theCouncil)Approval notgrantedof the number of(autonomously
vehicles based on
developing demand,
plans developed by thefor instance byCouncildecreasing the number- autonomouslyof vehicles based on
developing demandplans developed by thebased on plans
Council)developed by theCouncil)
No antitrust law

exemption

̶With antitrust law
exemption

Measures forbusiness operators
Measures for
not participating inbusiness operators
the Council
not participating in (orders to decrease
the Council
supply transportation
capacity through→ nonerestrictions on businessmethods)

Source: The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2014)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

6SECTION

03 The current status and initiatives
Labor costs amount to 72% of all costs.
The taxi business is a labor-intensive business.

The cost structure of corporate taxis
Special zones / Busan district (31 standard companies) in 2013

Total labor costs

72.3％

Fuel and oil costs 7.3％
Vehicle repair costs 1.3％
Vehicle amortization costs 1.8％
Non-operating expenses 0.9％

Other 16.4％- Insurance premiums- Vehicle lease fees
- Imposed facility tax- Facility charges- Accident compensation fees
- Road usage fees, etc.

Cost structure transitions%

Year

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total labor
80.8 79.9 79.3 79.0 78.4 78.5 78.4 77.1 76.7 76.1 75.8 74.9 73.5 73.8 73.8 72.6 72.6 72.3
costs
Fuel andoil costs

4.5 4.6 4.4 4.7

4.9

5.0 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.8 6.9 6.1 6.9

7.1

6.8

7.3

Vehicle1.3
repair costs

1.2 1.3 1.3

1.4

1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

Vehicle1.9
amortization costs

2.0 2.0 2.0

1.8

1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0

1.2

1.6

1.8

Non-operating
0.8
expenses

0.9 1.2 1.3

1.5

1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8

1.0

0.8

0.9

Other

10.7 11.4 11.8 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.3 13.2 13.6 13.9 14.2 14.5 15.4 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 16.4
As of March 31, 2014, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

7

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in management

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Consumer price index (special wards of Tokyo)
Index uses 1975 as 100

400

Education
350

300

Taxi
250

SECTION

Healthcare
200

General03

The current status
and initiatives inmanagement

Utilities
150

100

2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
Source: Costs in Tokyo by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (2014)

The rise of taxi fares compared with the rising fares of other forms of public transportation
Index uses 1955 as 100

2,000

16.0times

1,500

1,000

8.8times

8.0times

Taxis

JR

12.7times

13.3times

SubwayBusses

9.5times

500

100

PrivaterailwaysStreetcars

Source: Annual Report on Urban Transportation (2014)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

8SECTION

03

The current status and initiatives

Active eﬀorts are being made in dealing with
ﬂuctuating fuel prices and environmental measures.
The prices of fuel for taxis
LP gas prices are always unstable due to large ﬂuctuations in FOB prices and currency
exchange rates, and because half of the imports are from Saudi Arabia and other Middle
Eastern countries.
■ Shifting LPG prices ■(yen / liter)

85

83.66

82.96
80

78.78

Fair prices includedin the fairs

75

71.23

70.44

70

68.0

71.85

66.71

66.30

65
60
55
50

54.80
52.09

53.75
51.50 50.76

52.99 53.51

52.53

59.11

57.27

53.97
54.04

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Environmental measures
As of 1962, corporate taxis in Tokyo have been running on the environmentallyfriendly LP gas, which emits low amounts of substances such as Nox (nitrogen oxide),
SPM (suspended particulate matter), and Sox (sulfur oxide). The drivers also do theirbest to control air pollution by practicing “eco-driving” (fuel-eﬃcient driving) as wellas “idling stop driving”, which are required under Tokyoʼs ordinance on environmental
preservation.
Active eﬀorts in business operations that cause less environmental
burden (under the Green Management certiﬁcation system) have beenpromoted since 2004 along with the incorporation of fuel-eﬃcient andlow-emission vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles.
An EV/HV taxi stand was set up in front of the Shin-Marunouchi
Building at JR Tokyo Station in October 2011.
■ Number of taxis by fuel type ■By fuel type

Plugin hybrid
LPG
converted vehicles
vehicles(*1)(PHV)

Electric
vehicles
(EV)

Clean
dieselvehiclesGasolinepowered
vehicles

Total

0

11

3

243

26,100

4

4

2

0

30

3,084

358

4

13

3

273

29,184

LPG

Hybrid(HV)Special zones / Busan district

24,667

1,176

354

Tama district

2,959

89

Total

27,6261,265

By district(Note) *1. So-called triple hybrid vehicles, where hybrid vehicles suchas the Prius have been modiﬁ ed so that they can run on LPG.

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As of April 1, 2014, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

in management

Yearly amount of tax paid per vehicle
Amount of tax paid for an LPG taxi vehicle: (standard-sized vehicle) 579,133 yen, previous year
(440,848 yen)
[National tax]
[Local tax]
Classiﬁcation● Liqueﬁed petroleum gas tax: 149,803 yen ● Petroleum and coal tax: 11,471 yen● Consumption tax: 390,311 yen● Automobile weight tax: 7,800 yen● Automobile acquisition tax: 10,248 yen● Automobile tax: 9,500 yen

Tax type

AmountLiqueﬁed
petroleumgas tax

149,803 yen

Petroleumand coal tax

11,471 yen

Vehicletype

National tax

Consumption
taxStandardsized vehicle
40,992 yen

Basis for calculation
Amount of tax: 9.8 yen per liter
Annual distance: 88,812km(246.7km per day)
Retained amount: 5.81km per liter
Amount of tax: 1,340 yen per ton
Annual usage: 15,286 liters

7.3/100 of 46,186 in 2013transportation income= 3,372 yen 365 days 8/100

Vehicle repair cost
17,520 yen

1.3/100 of 46,186 in 2013transportation income= 600 yen 365 days 8/100

Non-operating cost
12,147 yen

0.9/100 of 46,186 in 2013transportation income= 416 yen 365 days 8/100

Other expenses
221,190 yen

16.4/100 of 46,186 in 2013transportation income= 7,575 yen 365 days 8/100

Local tax

7,800 yen

Automobile
acquisition
tax

Standard-sized
vehicles:
10,248 yen

Automobiletax

9,500 yenGaseoushydrocarbon*1,340 yen per ton
as of October 1,
2012

8/100 of 2,562,000 as thecost of a vehicle= 204,960 yen 5 years

Fuel and oil cost
98,462 yen

Automobile
weight tax

Remarks

SECTION03

The current status
and initiatives inmanagement

8% taxed as ofApril 1, 2014

2,600 yen per 0.5 tons

2/100 of 2,562,000 as the cost ofa vehicle= 51,240 yen 5 years
Those (for business) that exceed
1,500cc(Note) 1. Subject to consumption tax of 8% as of April 1, 2014 (3% increase)

Taxed as of April 1,
1984

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

10

04 Initiatives in eﬃciency and

SECTION

Promoting digitalization and active IT use toprovide better services.
Eﬃciency in vehicles dispatched by radio
Eﬀects brought upon by the introduction of digital systems
Shortened average reception time for dispatch (example by Wireless Group A)

70 seconds to 27 seconds by switching from analog radio to digital radio*time shortened by about 60%

Number of analog radio units
Number of digital radio units■ The spread of digital radio ■（Units）

40,00035,00030,0009,710

25,00020,00015,00033,13833,48731,93824,853

10,000
5,000
0

1,861

2001

2002

2003

17,33518,486

14,028

8,089

2004

2005

2006

5,890

2,728

24,51524,467

2008

2009

6,367

13,922

23,598

2007

813

565

259

179

23,992

21,675

21,82723,39123.897

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Kanto Wireless Association■ Number of radio dispatches ■（Number of dispatches）

14,000,000
13,500,000
13,000,000

13,573,530

Number of dispatches

12,500,000

12,593,558

12,000,000
11,500,000

11,648,746

11,000,000
10,500,000

10,175,534
9,901,723

10,000,000

10,530,385

9,555,058

9,500,000
9,000,000

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Kanto Wireless Association

Acceptance of credit cards, electronic money, etc.
In addition to accepting conventional forms of payment such as cash, tickets, or
coupons; the acceptance of credit cards, IC cards, electronic money, etc. to conformto the diversiﬁcation in methods of payment is making payment cashless and fast.
The cost of installing systems for this is about thirty-thousand yen per vehicle but
the number of vehicles that have them is rising each year.

Credit card system installed: 89%
Electronic money system installed: 63%(from a survey of corporate taxis, as of March 31, 2014)

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TA X I C A B S

streamlining

I N TO K YO
2 015

Use Tokyo s most widely-used smartphone-based taxi
dispatch system that allows you to reach roughly 11,000 taxis.
Dispatching a taxi with a smartphone app (Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN)

Please be sure
to install it!

It is now possible to quickly and easily call a cab with a smartphone app. The
number of users is increasing as it has many functions that eliminate the need to
explain to an operator where you need to be picked up or where your destination is.
The “Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN” app, which is the ﬁrst of its kind in theworld - exceeding the boundaries of taxi companies and allowing you to call thenearest taxi vehicle to you in special zones / the Busan district, began its full-scaleservices in January 22, 2014.
This app currently allows you to reach roughly 10,963 taxis.
(The total number of taxis in Tokyo is about 40,000, which accounts for about
23% of all taxis nationwide.)(The total number of corporate taxis in Tokyo is about 30,000, which accounts
for about 34% of all corporate taxis nationwide.)
Plans for further enhancements such as those in collaboration with multilingualand sightseeing apps are underway for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Oﬃcial Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN website（Units）

SECTION

04

Initiatives ineﬃciency andstreamlining

http://takkun.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/en/■ Shifts in number of vehicles that can be dispatched ■12,00010,963
11,00010,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000

About
22 ％ ofcorporate taxis
6,500

January 2014 (starting point)

9,200

About
34％ ofcorporate taxis

About
31％ ofcorporate taxis
July 2014

March 2015

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

12SECTION

05 The working conditions of taxi drivers
There is a roughly 2.9 million yen diﬀerence in average yearly income whencompared with other industries. We must make eﬀorts to improve the situation.

Comparison of income between taxi drivers and workers in other industries

by ten thousand yen

688

700

669

678

661

652

647

634

600

643

579

Male workers of all industries in Tokyo- average yearly income
500

496

500

496

436

428

401

400

403

379

365

392

348

300
259

Taxi drivers in Tokyo- average yearly income
223

200

100

77
82

88
85

0
Year
Male workers of allindustries in Tokyo

1967 1968

-

1975

-

1985

-

1989

-

1998

-

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

77

88

-

259

-

496

-

579

-

688

-

669

661

634

652

647

643

678

82

85

-

223

-

428

-

500

-

496

-

436

365

348

379

401

403

392

(by ten thousand yen)Taxi drivers
in Tokyo(by ten thousand yen)

Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2014)

13

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I C A B S

and future initiatives

I N TO K YO
2 015

Comparison of the estimated yearly income of automobile drivers (males, in Tokyo)
The same income as bus drivers due to a 37% increase(by a thousand yen)

Truck (large)

7,000

5,501

Truck
(medium / small)

6,000

4,752

Taxi
5,000

All industries

6,780

Bus

5,363

3,919

4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Source: Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2014)

SECTION05

The working conditionsof taxi drivers andfuture initiatives

Comparison of yearly income between taxi drivers in various countries(Estimated: Adjusted to labor hours on a Japanese level)about

6 million yen(British citizens)(by ten thousand yen)

600

The same income as N.Y. taxi drivers
due to a 20% increase

500

about
400

about

5

million yen(immigrants)

3.5 million yen about 4 million yen(immigrants)

300

200

100

0

Singapore(1 Singapore dollar = about 90 yen)

Tokyo
(yen)

New York
London(1 dollar = about 110 yen) (1 pound = about 170 yen)March 2012, inspection of Singapore by Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd.
April 2013, inspection of New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
November 2014, inspection of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

14

SECTION

05

The working conditions of taxi

Promoting the employment of new-graduate
and female drivers.
Securing new labor power through the employment of new-graduate drivers.
The employment of new-graduate drivers
New graduates are welcome in the industry, as the average age of taxi drivers is now very
high at 58.4 years old. They can flexibly respond to diversifying needs such as sightseeing
taxis and nursing care / maternity taxis, and enhance the image of the industry as well.
Transition in the average age of corporate taxi drivers
(age)

59
58
57
56
55

53.9

54
53
52
51 50.1
50
49

50.8

51.2 51.1

51.7

54.5

55.0

55.5

56.0

56.4

57.9 57.9 58.2

56.7 56.8

58.4

57.2

52.1 52.3

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Beneﬁts for new graduates- Low turnover rate (about 10% of new graduates who become taxi drivers leave theprofession, while the rate is 30% in other industries)- The income is higher than others in the same age range
The average monthly income in the taxi industry in 2014: about 327,000 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates in Tokyo: 212,100 yen
The average starting salary for new graduates: 200,400 yen(Source: Results of the Basic Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2014))- Easy to have a work-life balance(Those with alternate-day shifts can make time for themselves with 11 to 13 working days per month.)

Number of new-graduate drivers recruited(people)

172

250

220

200
150
100

10

14

2010

2011

31

68

50
0

2012

2013

2014

2015

Survey by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

15

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

drivers and future initiatives

Orientation sessions for hiring new-graduate drivers(Held on December 9 and 15, 2014)

Explanation on the employment of new graduates by business
operators with experience in this area were given to abouta hundred recruitment oﬃcers and related parties of taxi
companies.

Comparison of monthly work hours between taxi drivers and workers in other industries
Taxi drivers in Tokyo(hours)Male workers of all industries in Tokyo

230

220

219

217

217

221

212

210

203

202

204

205

202

200

198

200

210

209

208

198

200

193
190

190

186

181

180

170

176

178

177

177

177

178

178

177

178

177

178

177

174

SECTION
175

176

174

173

173

174

05

The working conditionsof taxi drivers andfuture initiatives

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Source: Survey on Wage Structure, by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2014)

Transition in the number of taxi drivers (number of driver s certiﬁcates issued) [Men / Women]
Numbers of taxi drivers

Numbers of female drivers

1,000

76,000900

74,000820
72,000800
Numbers of taxi drivers
Numbers of female drivers

70,000700

68,000600

66,000500

64,000400

62,00062,961 300

60,000200

58,000100

56,000

0
2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

1982

1981

1980

1979

1978

1977

1976

1975

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

16

06 Safety measures

SECTION

Initiatives in safety and security are thepillar of the taxi business.
Transition in the number of accidents causing injury or death
Taxis
Accidents causing injury or death / cases(cases)

8,000
6,000
4,000

4,088 4,265
8

2,000
0

3

4,813 5,068

5,222

7,226 6,741

6

5

3

(people)6,330 6,303 6,085
6,072 6,080 5,885
5,917 5,604
5,381
5,467

9

9
7

Deaths / people

9
3

4

6

8
4

7

20
4,764 4,157

15
3,637

8
4

4

4

6

10
5
0

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

On the introduction of drive recorders
Drive recorders, like ﬂight recorders for automobiles, equipped with
CCD cameras and G sensors. They are used for eﬃciency in dealing with
automobile accidents as well as for education and training on safety.

96% of corporate taxis have external cameras and
85% have internal cameras.
Measures for preventing automobile accidents
Measures taken by taxis for preventing automobile accidents
In addition to holding spring & autumn traﬃc safety campaigns, safe driver contests, automobile transportation
safety checks and overhaul inspections during the summer and year-end / New Year holiday seasons, Zero
Accident Day activities, and summer campaigns for ending all traﬃc accidents, corporate taxi companies
actively participate in the prevention of traﬃc accidents by promoting activities such as “This city and streets
where kindness runs through”, “Great campaign to prevent traﬃc accidents with all our might”, and “Proper
seat belt fastening”, as well as spring & autumn workshops for accident prevention oﬃcers, by labeling theﬁfth of every month “Zero Taxi Accident Day”, and distributing posters and stickers.

Tokyo Hire - Taxi Mutual Insurance Cooperative (established in April 1972)
As of March 31, 2015, business oﬃces with 169 union members, 156 oﬃces in bodily injury mutual aid associations,
122 oﬃces with 9,028 vehicles in property damage mutual aid associations, and 7,748 other vehicles are aﬃliated.
Safety education for the prevention of traﬃc accidents and a mutual aid system for traﬃc accidents (where up
to 200 million yen per person and 200 million yen per accident in beneﬁts are provided in cases where maximum
insurance coverage is exceeded) are established. Furthermore, an umbrella policy with a Cooperative package thatprovides 5 billion yen (200 million yen exemption) per accident in coverage was incorporated in April 2000.
There is also an add-on security system of workers' accident compensation insurance for occupational and nonoccupational deaths of employees as well as occupational residual disabilities in place (138 oﬃces with 22,401
people in public welfare and mutual aid businesses aﬃliated).

17

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I C A B S
I N TO K YO
2 015

Automobile accident prevention and victim support
National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid (reorganized in 2003)
Courses on how to prevent automobile accidents are given todispatchers and aptitude tests for drivers are given throughinstitutions that are involved in the same measures.
Victims of automobile accidents are also provided withpsychological and economic support.

Courses for dispatchers, etc.
Measures to ensure the prevention of accidents are taken
through courses on dispatching duties and the laws involved
to maintain the safe operation of automobiles.

Aptitude tests and counseling for drivers
Measures are taken to prevent accidents through various diagnoses from a psychological andphysiological aspect of the driversʼ personalities, attitudes toward safe driving, cognitive andprocessing functioning, and visual functioning, as well as guidance and advice on safe driving thattake into account their personal traits.

Automobile accident victim support
Victims of automobile accidents are given both psychological and economic support such as
through payments of nursing care fees for those suﬀering from serious residual disabilities, loans
for orphans from automobile accidents, the establishment of medical centers, and the opening of
hotlines for consultations on accidents.

SECTION

06

Safetymeasures(toll-free: 0570-000738)
Transition in taking aptitude tests by drivers(people)35,00030,000
Taxis (excluding private taxis)

25,000

TrucksBusses

25,711

20,00015,00015,287

10,000
5,000

6,636

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims' Aid

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

18

SECTION

07 The improvement in taxi services
Available 24 hours a day when it is time torush oﬀ to the maternity hospital.

Maternity Taxis
Simply by registering once, customers can be
immediately taken to the hospital when needed, 24
hours a day, 365 days a week, without the need togive the driver directions.
Within two years after this service began in 2012,
about one-third of the ﬁfteen hundred taxis inTokyo became available for the service. About halfof the pregnant women in Tokyo have registeredand roughly 10 to 20% have used a Maternity
Taxi when going into labor.

Number of Maternity Taxi registrations / number of dispatches during labor(people / cases)

8,000：Number of registrations：Number of dispatches during labor*Number of deliveries in Tokyo in 2014 (per month)：9,165 people

5,293 people

5,269 people
6,000

4,769 people(52.0%)

4,773 people(57.4%)

4,343 people(57.7%)(52.0%)(47.3%)

4,000

1,446

1,394

registrations

registrations(15.2%)(15.7%)(15.5%)

November 2014

December 2014

2,000

0

1,423

registrations

January 2015

1,286
registrations(14.0%)

February 2105

1,502
registrations(16.3%)March 2015

Reference: Table of radio taxi dispatches, by the Kanto Automobile Wireless Association
Outline of the annual population survey report of 2015 (determined number)

19

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I C A B S
I N TO K YO
2 015

Feel safe when your child is beingtransported because you know the driver.
Kids taxisYour child, even if alone, can take a taxi with a deferredpayment system driven by an elite driver in charge of kids whomthey are familiar with. It is a popular service that is mostly used fortravelling to and from home and school / cram school.
Passengers with newborns or infants can also relax without having
the need to worry about their surroundings.
Prefectures with registered Child Raising Taxis services

Unregistered

43％

Registered57％
27 prefectures

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2014)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi drivers in Japan(people)

1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0

24
2005

215
2006

407

2007

675

2008

915

2009

1,101

2010

1,274

1,450

1,643
peopleSECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

2011

2012

2013

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2014)

Number of registered Child Raising Taxi companies in Japan(companies)

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

127

146
142 companies

97
40

48

55

2007

2008

68

8
2005

2006

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: The National Child Raising Taxi Association (2014)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

20

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

Also popular with elderly passengers, passengers inwheelchairs, and passengers carrying a lot of baggage.
UD (Universal Design) taxis
On the introduction of UD taxis
UD taxis are being introduced and promoted for uncovering
demands by individuals and revitalizing services.
Number of vehicles introduced (auxiliary base)Tokyo

Kanagawa
Prefecture

SaitamaPrefecture

Chiba
Prefecture

2011

2 vehicles

15 vehicles

̶

6 vehicles

2012

13 vehicles

71 vehicles

10 vehicles

6 vehicles

2013

13 vehicles

34 vehicles

4 vehicles

1 vehicles

2014

17 vehicles

18 vehicles

3 vehicles

5 vehicles*The ﬁgures for 2014 represent the number of applications submitted by the end of December 2014.
According to the Kanto District Transport Bureau

Training for Universal Drivers
Training on subjects such as how to communicate with elderly
and disabled passengers, how to handle wheelchairs, and how
to assist with boarding is provided by the National Welfare
Transportation Service Association.
Courses that oﬀer the necessary training for drivers is also
provided by the Tokyo Taxi Center as of April 1, 2014 and half ofthe drivers in Tokyo are scheduled to be qualiﬁed by 2020.
■ Transitions in the number of drivers who have completed UD training (Tokyo) ■(people) (total sum)

11,000

8,989
9,000
7,000
4,970

5,000
3,000
1,000
0
-1,0001,616
431

Total in 2011

Total in 2012

Total in 2013

Total in 2014 (April to December)*The ﬁgures for 2014 represent the number of drivers by the end of December 2014.
Source: The National Welfare Transportation Service Association

21

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

Certiﬁed drivers can take you on
a sightseeing course through Tokyo.
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi
Certiﬁcation for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
As part of the measures to revitalize taxi services, the Tokyo Sightseeing
Taxi Promotion Association, which consists of experts on tourism,
administrative agencies, related organizations, and others in the taxi
industry, was established in 2012 along with a certiﬁcation system.
Drivers who have completed three examinations and a course become
certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers.
Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi webpage http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/kanko̲taxi/
Tokyo city guide screening
Implementing organization:
the Tokyo Convention &Visitors Bureau

Pass

Universal Driver training
Researching organization:
Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association, etc.

Coursetaken

Tokyo sightseeing taxi
driver certification training
Implementing organization:
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

Training
complete

Certiﬁed asa Tokyosightseeing
taxi driver

Transition in the number of certiﬁed Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
The number of certiﬁed
drivers is growing andis scheduled to reach
three thousand by 2020.

(people) (total sum)

2,000

1,141

1,600
1,200
800
400
0

1,610

468

99
2012

2013

SECTION

2014

2015

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

07

The
improvement intaxi services

Beneﬁts for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
Drivers who have logo magnets and present their certiﬁcate can enjoy the beneﬁts below
concerning parking areas, which is an issue when driving a Tokyo sightseeing taxi.
Tokyo Tower
Free access to parking areas (drivers only)
Tokyo Skytree
1 hour of free parking (except on special holidays such as back-to-backholidays of three days or more)
The Imperial Palace
Parking at the first exclusive parking area for sightseeing taxis at theImperial Palace for 300 yen (limited to sightseeing busses until recently)
The Metropolitan Government Building
Access to a priority parking area. 1 hour of free parking.
The Edo-Tokyo Museum
Free access to regular exhibitions (drivers only). Discounted parking
fees for Tokyo sightseeing taxis (500 yen) (prior notice required).

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

22

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

For active communication with passengers.
Public relations activities
WebsiteTOP >723!



http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp



For the general public with the latest
information on issues such as thecurrent state of the taxi industry andrecent taxi services, as well as CSR
activities.

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TEL 03 3264-8080
FAX 03 3221-7665

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Taxi services,
CSR activities, etc. page

Questionnaire surveys
Questionnaire surveys are conducted every year to see how the general public views taxis andto receive feedback and comments. Ten thousand surveys were distributed to radio taxi users at
major taxi stands in Tokyo from July 28 to August 1 in 2014 and the results are being used to
improve services.

Q1

Q2
No answer

No answer

0%0%More than
10 times

16.8%

How many times
a month do you takea taxi?

About 4 to
10 times

About 1 to
3 times

52.5%

30.7%

Q3

New services

1.9%

No answer0%

Freedom of choice

11.6%
What do you thinktaxi companies should
focus on?

Manners
Safety

34.3%

26.6%
Geographicalknowledge

The vehicles

2.3%

23

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

They areinexpensive

23.3%

They areexpensive

How do you see
current taxi fares
when consideringthat the service isdoor-to-door?

Q4

5.0%

22.5%
They are reasonable

72.5%

No answer 0.3%

Childcare support 5.2%
Support for

Sightseeing
taxis

14.6%

pregnant
Taxi business
women
operators are
10.0%
implementing newServices by
UD taxis
smartphone
ways to improve
11.8%
18.0%
the oﬀering of safe,
EV/HV Fixed
secure, and hightaxis
fares
19.4% 20.7%
quality services. Are
there any services
that you know of or
have used?

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

Please take advantage of the various discountsystems and available services.
Discount system for the disabled
There are discounts for the handicapped as well as 10% discounts on fares shown on the meters
for people with intellectual disabilities.

The use of Braille stickers
Braille stickers including company names and vehicle numbers are stuck inside taxis as a service
for the visually impaired.

Discounts for long-distance rides
Discounts are available for passengers who take long-distance rides.

Non-smoking taxis
Smoking is prohibited in all taxis in order to prevent health hazards and oﬀer
pleasant rides.

SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

24

SECTION07

The improvement in taxi services

Increased eﬀorts in improving services,
together with the Tokyo Taxi Center.
Implementation of the taxi driver registration system
Examinations on geographical knowledge, and education and guidance on customer
service are given to drivers. Those who succeed are issued driverʼs certiﬁcates. Thereare certiﬁcates for private taxi drivers as well.
■ Transitions in the number of registered taxi drivers ■Corporate(people)120,000
100,000

Private102,929 105,087 103,251
99,112 99,383 98,834 98,973 100,058 100,720 100,404 100,721 101,481 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 98,870
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
100.0% 94,046
100.0% 90,216 87,838
100.0% 100.0%

80,00060,00080,138 80,605 79,992 80,253 81,431 82,186 82,136 82,634 83,686 85,425 88,106 86,893 83,155 78,907 75,638 73,822
80.9% 81.1% 80.9% 81.1% 81.4% 81.6% 81.8% 82.0% 82.5% 83.0% 83.8% 84.2% 84.1% 83.9% 83.8% 84.0%

40,00020,00018,974 18,778 18,842 18,720 18,627 18,534 18,268 18,087 17,795 17,504 16,981 16,358 15,715 15,139 14,578 14,016
19.1% 18.9% 19.1% 18.9% 18.6% 18.4% 18.2% 18.0% 17.5% 17.0% 16.2% 15.8% 15.9% 16.1% 16.2% 16.0%01999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center■ Transition in passing rate of examinations on geographical knowledge ■
(%)

70
60.3

62.1

60.0

60
52.3

48.3

40

51.5

51.6

53.1

48.0

49.5

50

54.1

45.5
42.0

41.5
35.9

43.6

38.0

30
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Guidance and training for taxi drivers
Instructions for the prevention of and taking corrective measuresagainst taxi drivers who violate the Road Transportation Act such as
through unjust refusal of passengers, the overcharging of fares, and theunauthorized tampering of meters are given, as well as training for new
drivers based on Article 36, Part 2 of the transportation regulations.

25

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Training for Universal
Drivers in progress

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

Taking and responding to complaints about taxi services
Complaints about taxi services can be properly handled by the taxi company (stated on thereceipt) the passenger is riding with, through a 24-hour Center phone line at 03-3648-0300, or
through the Centerʼs website.

Eﬃcient taxi stand operations
There are currently 314 taxi stands in Tokyo.
There are "Excellent Service Taxi" stands at the North and South Marunouchi Exits of Tokyo
Station, the East Exit of Shinbashi Station, the West Underground Exit of Shinjuku Station, theWest Exit of Shibuya Station, the Front Exit of Ueno Station, the West Exit of Ikebukuro Station,
the prohibited zone in Ginza, in front of the West Exit of Shinagawa Station (Takanawa Exit) andat the International Terminal of Haneda Airport as well as an EV/HV taxi stand in front of theShin-Marunouchi Building as of October 2011.
Year

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

General
stand

481

396

352

246

239

232

227

226

235

232

231

235

232

236

236

228

Roofed
stand

97

94

93

89

87

85

87

84

86

86

85

85

85

84

83

86

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

Taxi evaluation system

Sign of excellence

How the signs of
excellence are presented

The taxi evaluation system started on April 1, 2013 in order to contributeto enhancing taxi convenience and services by oﬀering ﬁner taxi services
upon reviewing evaluation standards in 2011, which was ten years after
the rank evaluation system was introduced in 2001. The cases of guidanceand complaints handled by the Center, information concerning service tocustomers and safety, managerial aspects, and driver quality are evaluatedfrom the viewpoint of customer service, safety and operational control, andbusiness attitude. Upon evaluations in 2012, the indications on taxi vehicles
have become simple and easy to understand for passengers, with stickers
indicating AA and A ranked taxis being uniﬁed as “Excellent Service Taxis”.
These signs of excellence are stuck on the windshields above thedashboards so that they can easily be seen from the fronts of the vehicles.

SECTION

07

The
improvement intaxi services

Commendation system
Excellent drivers have been commended every year since 1977, with 26,864
people having received awards over the past 38 years. There are currently
9,574 drivers operating who possess an excellent driver award. Those whoare commended are veteran drivers with ten or more years of experience, noviolations, and who serve their passengers well. Excellent corporate business
operators and business managers have also been commended since 1984.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

26

08 The current status of the taxi

SECTION

Taxi services in Tokyo can be enjoyed at internationally reasonable
fares and the industry here is fairly easy to take part in.
International comparison of taxi fares (Tokyo, New York, London)
It is said that taxi fares in Tokyo are reasonable when compared with those of New Yorkand London, with the current low value of the yen and because there is no tipping.

Tokyo

New York

LondonBase distances

Initial fares

Added distance

Added fares

Remarks

2km

¥730

280m

¥90

―

1/5miles$2.5(¥301)

1/5miles

$0.5
(¥60)

(320m)

259.8m￡2.4(¥451)(320m)

129.9m(under 17 pounds)
91.1m

20％ tips
0.5-dollar
tax per ride

￡0.2
(¥38)

10％ tips(17 pounds or more)
1 dollar = 120.27 yen

1 pound = 187.95 yen (as of February 27, 2015)

(yen)

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400
Japan
New York (no tips)
New York (with tips)
London (no tips)
London (with tips)

200

0

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500（m）*Figures are from the internal and external survey on utility costs of 2012 by the Consumer Aﬀairs Agency.

27

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I C A B S

industry in other countries

I N TO K YO
2 015

Taxi business regulations in other countries
There are also regulations on the taxi business in other countries, but entry is relatively
easy in Tokyo.

Regulatory
authority

London

New York

SingaporeTokyo

LondonTfL

New York
TLC

Department of Motor Vehicles
LTA(Transport for London)(Taxi and Limousine Commission)(Land Transport Authority)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism
Too much diversity in thetargeted areas.

Regulations
on entry

No regulations
Some regulations
No regulations
Entry is difficult because of the However, 800 vehicles and 6,000
However, the “Knowledge”“Medallion” business licenses, million yen or more in capital inlicense, which takes 44 months
three years are required.
which cost about 100 million yen
to acquire, is needed.
(including rights to 6 million yen COE
per vehicle.
vehicles)Fareregulations

Some (unified fares)

Some (unified fares)

Some (unified fares)

Some regulations(Specific / semi-specific regions)However, entry is easy as only
a minimum of 10 vehicles isrequired.
Business licenses are about
6 million yen per vehicle.
Some (unregulated fares)

Japan (law on special measures)
UnitedStates(New York)

Supply anddemandadjustments

Some

EnglandFrance(London)(Paris)

None

Some

Germany

Some

Sweden

None

South
Korea

Some

General
rules

None

Semi-specificregions

Specific
regions(Period: 3
years)(Period: 3
years)None

None

Regulations on entry

By permission
By permission
By licensing(with a driverʼs
license systemthat requires
three years to
obtain)By licensing

By licensing

By permission

By licensing(- Not permitted
as a general rule.
- However,
Permission not
By permission permission is
grantedgranted within
the range where
there is noexcess supply.)

Regulations on vehicle count(increasing vehicle count)

SECTION

Regulations on
total countBy approval(Limits are set
̶
on total number (However, thereof vehicles and are regulations
when there ison total countnew demand depending on theand auctions incity.)
equivalence tothe new demand
are held.)

Fare regulations

Authorized
unified faresystem(Determinedby the New
York City Taxiand Limousine
Commission.)

By licensing(Set limits on
total vehicle
counts.)By licensing

Authorized
unified faresystemAuthorized
unified faresystem(Fares by local
municipality(Determined by
are determined
Transport forupon the setting
London.)of limits by thegovernment.)(Fares are set
in accordancewith laws andregulations
by stategovernments.)

Authorized
unified faresystem(- Not approved
as a general rule.
By prior(Approved only
- However,Approval not
notification
within the range
approval is
granted(Unregulated asneeded to meet
granted withina general rule.)
demand.)the range where
there is noexcess supply.)

By approval̶Authorized
unregulated
fare system(- Notifications
on the range(Fares must be stipulated by local
indicated onmunicipalities
vehicles.)- orders tochange fares
outside the rangeor the impositionof fines)

Authorized
unregulated
fare system

Unregulated

By approval

08

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

Authorized
unregulated
fare system(- Notifications (- Notifications
on the range
on the range
stipulated by the stipulated by thegovernment
government- orders to- orders tochange fareschange fares
outside theoutside therange)
range)

Sources: Research report on transportation in major countries, etc. by the International Policy Planning Unit of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

28

SECTION08

The current status of the taxi

Inspection report ❶Taxis in New York

Number of vehicles and the market
The taxis in New York, often called “yellow cabs”, are diﬀerent fromthe taxis in Tokyo in that business is limited to street hails.
They cannot be dispatched by radio, they are limited to central Manhattan,
and the size of that zone is about the same as Minato Ward, Chuo Ward,yellow cabs
and Chiyoda Wardʼs areas combined.
In addition to yellow cabs, there are for-hire taxis such as “black cars”, “luxury limousines”, and “liverycabs”. It is a comparatively dispersed market as there are many private business operators and thelargest companies in both Tokyo and New York have only 10% market shares.
New York City 100％ ＝ 57,252 vehicles
Taxis : 13,237 vehicles

Tokyo (special zones /Busan transportation area)
100％ ＝ 48,154 vehicles
Taxis: 44,305 vehicles
Hired taxis：3,849 vehicles

Daiwa Motor
Transportation̲5％(street hails only / central Manhattan only)Black : 9,020 vehicles(street hails prohibited / mainly corporate)
Luxury: 6,021 vehicles(street hails prohibited / special uses such as for hotels)
Livery : 26,021 vehicles(street hails prohibited / northern & suburban Manhattan)
Other : 2,953 vehicles(December 2012, TLC Annual Report)

Teito Motor
Transportation̲2％

Other̲5％(March 2011)
Kokusai
Motorcars G̲6％
Nihon Kotsu G̲7％
Hired̲8％
Private taxis
̲34％

Tokyo Musen
Cooperative̲9％

Taxis (corporate)
̲8％
Livery̲45％

Taxis (agents)̲8％

Other
companies
̲13％

Checker Cab G̲9％
Toto Motors G̲3％Black̲16％

Green Cab̲2％

Hinomaru G̲2％

Luxury̲11％

Taxis (private)̲8％

Source: Inspection report of taxis in New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2013)

About regulations
The hired taxi regulations in New York are diﬀerent from those in Tokyo in that they are enforced on amunicipal level while the regulations in Tokyo are enforced on a national level. The regulations are determined in
two steps. The ﬁrst is through city council meetings (based on recommendations from the committee of public
transportation). The other is through decisions by the TLC (New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission),
which is the regulatory authority. The TLC is the dominant regulatory authority in the United States as it is
the largest and most powerful one, and it has control over every party involved in the taxi business.
The TLCʼs stance on regulations is more about active control and the tightening of regulations
rather than on the loosening of regulations. It tries
to meet the needs of the cityʼs residents and take active
control of detailed regulations while enforcing measures
such as tightening regulations on street hail taxis (livery)of the ﬁve outer boroughs, the common dispatchingof wheelchair-accessible vehicles, on-board credit cardtransaction systems and GPS driving control systems,
and joint purchases of next-generation vehicles. Supply
and demand adjustments are regulated through theissuing of “Medallion” business licenses, which cost
about 100 million yen (as of April 2013) per vehicle.
Each vehicle can be strictly regulated with the numberof these medallions that are issued to yellow cabs, livery
cabs, etc.
Medallion graph (transitions in value)

29

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

industry in other countries

On fares
When riding a yellow cab, you will see that the diﬀerences in New Yorkʼs fares and Tokyoʼsfares are not that great when factoring in the weakening of the yen and tips. Tokyoʼs fares
seeming high may be due largely in part to how they are perceived by tourists because the initial
fares are high, taxi zones are large, and Narita Airport is far.
The fare from JFK Airport to Manhattan is Rate Code 2, which is a ﬁxed fare of 5,200 yen (in April2013) plus a highway toll and additional state tax, and not Rate Code 1, which is a New York City
taxi fare.
Factors such as subway fares, inﬂation rates, driversʼ costs, insurance and gasoline costs, andcorporate earning rates are taken into consideration when the standards for increasing taxi rates
are examined by the TLC.
Taxi rate comparison chart(where 1 dollar equals 100 yen)(*as of April 2013)

Special zones in Tokyo / Busantransportation area

Initial fare

250 yen (320m)

730 yen (2,000m)

Added fares

50 yen for each extra 320m

90 yen for each extra 280m

Time and distancebased fares

50 yen for every 1 minute and
45 seconds on rides travelling at
10 kilometers per hour or slower

90 yen for every 1 minute and
45 seconds on rides travelling at
10 kilometers per hour or slower

Late night and earlymorning premiums

50 yen extra between
8 p.m. and 6 a.m.

20% extra between
10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

Rate Code 1 within New York City

Weekday rush hour 100 yen extra between 4 p.m. andpremiums
8 p.m. from Monday to Friday
State tax

50 yen per ride(*as of July 2015)

̶̶

Source: Inspection report of taxis in New York by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2013)

SECTION08

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

All yellow cab vehicles now have credit card processing machines due to TLC s TPEP program. These processing machines are integrated
with a monitor that passengers can see and the taxi companies are able to obtain the machines for free due to revenues from the video ads
that are shown on the monitors.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

30

08

SECTION

The current status of the taxi

Inspection report ❷Taxis in London

Number of vehicles and the market
The city of London has black cabs (London Taxi) and minicabs
black cabs
(Private Hire). Only black cabs can transport passengers
through street hails and minicabs can only transport passengers with reservations.
Black cabs are all privately-owned so they do not belong to any taxi companies. However, the drivers
belong to radio unions and can therefore operate with radio dispatches in addition to street
hails. There were 22,810 black cabs and 52,811 minicabs in operation in 2013, with the black
cabs operating within a 6-mile (about 10 kilometers) radius from the central location of Charing
Cross and minicabs mostly in other areas. Also, the number of black cab drivers and vehicles
hadnʼt changed much during the ten years preceding 2013 due to the virtual supply and demand
adjustments made by TfL (Transport for London), which is the transport bureau of London (there
were 25,538 drivers in 2013).
Transition in the number of black cab drivers and vehicles

Almost no changes after over ten years(people / vehicles)

Drivers

30,000

Vehicles

25,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

On regulations
Restrictions are governed in a London City-level administrative unit (equivalent to that of Tokyo).
They are implemented by the TfL (the traﬃc bureau of London), which has full authority over all
matters concerning taxis, and the mayor is the chief in charge.
Drivers are required to obtain the “Knowledge” license, which is issued by TfL and isdiﬃcult to obtain (requiring an average of forty-four months, or about four years), so
although there is no limit to the number of drivers there are, it is as if there is a limit
because of this license. The Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd cram school holds activities involving
educational curriculums to help with the obtainment of this license.

Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd (cram school): from the left - (1) maps of various areas in London, (2) classmates
preparing for interviews, (3) learning the shortest routes, (4) mopeds running through the streets of London,(5) lists of routes attached to a moped

The Knowledge
licenseThere are also strict regulations that limit vehicle supply, stipulating that (1) drivers andpassengers must be separated, (2) height must be at least 1.35m / length including leg roommust be at least 1.2m / seat width must be at least 0.7m, (3) vehicles must be equipped withboarding stairs for wheelchairs, and (4) rotation diameters must be within 28 feet (about 8.535m).

31

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

TA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

industry in other countries

On fares
It may be thought that black cabs seem inexpensive because their initial fares are
relatively cheap (Tokyo: 730 yen, London: 408 yen (as of November2014)), but normal
rides (1km or more) based on the fare table prescribed by TfL are more expensive thanthose in Tokyo. The fares from Heathrow Airport to urban London are 1.5 to 2 times higher
than fares in Tokyo (Haneda Airport), and they do not even have ﬁxed fares. In other words, theirinitial fares are low, but their total fares are higher. Fares are distinguished between Tariﬀ 1, Tariﬀ
2, and Tariﬀ 3 fares, which depend on the day and time. Travel time and distance are counted
simultaneously so the highest one that is reached is added.
Comparison of taxi fares(with 1 pound converted to 170 yen)●Tariff 1 - 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday

InitialfareWith/without time
factored in

London Tariff 1

Special zones in Tokyo / Busan transportation area <no premiums>(*as of November 2014)(*as of July 2015 - when based on the tax type on the left)

With time not factored in

408 yen (252.4m)

730 yen (2,000m)

With time factored in 408 yen (54.2 seconds)

730 yen (1 minute and 45 seconds)

With time not factored in 34 yen for each extra 126.2m

90 yen for each extra 280m
Added
fares With time factored in 34 yen for every 27.1 seconds 90 yen for every 1 minute and 45 seconds on rides
travelling at 10 kilometers per hour or slower●Tariff 3 - 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. every day and on national holidays

InitialfareWith/without time
factored in

London Tariff 3

Special zones in Tokyo / Busan transportation area <with premiums>(*as of November 2014)(*as of July 2015 - when based on the tax type on the left)

With time not factored in

408 yen (165.4m)

With time factored in 408 yen (35.6 seconds)

730 yen (1,600m)
730 yen (1 minute and 45 seconds)

With time not factored in 34 yen for each extra 82.7m
90 yen for each extra 224m
Added
90
yen
for
every 1 minute and 45 seconds on rides
fares With time factored in 34 yen for every 17.8 seconds
travelling at 10 kilometers per hour or slower
Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

The revision of fares
The revision of fares is discussed in the same oﬃcial areas and with the same oﬃcial
fares every year on April 1 but the discussions are becoming shorter with the introduction of aquantiﬁed taxi cost index.
A fuel surcharge system has also been established ﬁve years ago and is programmed intaxi meters. However, it has not been implemented yet.
The index of the black cab cost structure
Initial 2015 weights

22,00008

The current statusof the taxi industry
in other countries

Final 2015 weights

Cost p per mile Proportion of Cost p per mile Proportion ofComponent of index
in 2014
costs in 2014
in 2015
costs in 2015
Vehicle Cost
21.25
9.0%
21.47
9.1%
Parts
9.67
4.1%
9.82
4.2%
Tyres
1.43
0.6%
1.45
0.6%
Garage & Servicing - Premises
1.31
0.6%
1.33
0.6%
Garage & Servicing - Labour
4.63
2.0%
4.71
2.0%
Fuel
27.11
11.5%
26.65
11.3%
Insurance
10.41
4.4%
10.62
4.5%
Miscellaneous
2.43
1.0%
2.49
1.1%
The Knowledge
12.52
5.3%
12.58
5.3%
Social Costs
6.42
2.7%
6.45
2.7%
Total operating costs
97.19
41.4%
97.57
41.3%
Average national earnings
137.7858.6%
138.45
58.7%
Grand Total
234.96100.0%
236.02100.0%
Annual Mileage:

SECTION

Increase incosts 2015
1.0%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
1.6%
-1.7%
2.0%
2.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%

Contribution tototal increase
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
-0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%

Source: Inspection report of London by the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (2015)

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

32

09 Future eﬀorts concerning the hosting of the

SECTION

Access to the airport at reasonable fares.
Operation of ﬁxed-fare taxis
Implementation of the Haneda Airport ﬁxed fare system
A ﬁxed fare system for rides between Haneda Airport and various
locations in Tokyo was introduced with the collaboration of theInternational Terminal as of October 21, 2010. This system allows theoﬀering of services with fares 10 to 30% lower than those indicatedon the meters and without the need to worry about fares going up
due to conditions such as traﬃc congestions.
There are also ﬁxed fares to Haneda Airport and Tokyo Disney Resort.
Each vehicle also has a point-and-speak phrase guide in English, Korean,
and Chinese to help smoothening communication with visitors fromabroad.
Fixed Fares from / to Haneda Airportዻ஫ఋલጃႜྵဪၭ
㲘㝥⫒⒉⤨⛊➱㱫

羽田空港定額運賃羽田空港⇔下記ゾーンは、
定額運賃＋有料道路利用料でタクシ−をご利用いただけます。
英Taxi fares for the routes between Haneda Airport and the zones below are ﬁxed fares + fees for toll roads.

韓ዻ஫ఋલጃȀྤ೭ხ࿦ၔႜྵဪၭ˃၉ഭ౅ചၦဧഭചሳགྷ൐ၦဧዻཇ༘ၰཀఁఋ

中㲘㝥⫒⒉㲓㥲⼜㎸㲚㺐⭺ᱨ⒳㾘ⓞ㾂⒝㩖㮔⡔⤨⛊➱㱫⭩㗏➱⤇⿁㖳㱫➱ᮣ

国際線ターミナル／国内線ターミナル
International Terminal / Domestic Terminal

定額運賃表૑႞໓ሽු஢ˇ૑ஏ໓ሽු஢

Fixed Fare Chart⥖⭠㦏⧗㷢⾯ᱫ⥖ㅠ㦏⧗㷢⾯ႜྵဪၭዑ

⤨⛊➱㱫⍙

適用ゾーン Service Zone ႕ဧხ࿦ 㗄㱫㎸㲚
日本語

ዽ૑࿌（韓国語）㺲⥖㲗（中国語）

Edogawa-ku ࿝౅ਜ਼ဉૐⰁ⩿╎㎸

English（英語）

江戸川区
台東区

Taito-ku

ఋၦቔૐ

㜞⛍㎸

墨田区

Sumida-ku

༺ුఋૐ

ㄱ㝥㎸

文京区

Bunkyo-ku

ึᇾૐ

㢶ⲻ㎸

千代田区

Chiyoda-ku

ხဠఋૐ

㍧■㝥㎸

新宿区

Shinjuku-ku

ཅ჎ᇿૐ

㨰㚖㎸

渋谷区

Shibuya-ku

གྷิ྽ૐ

㓨⤤㎸

足立区

Adachi-ku

ྤఋᆳૐ

㾃⻮㎸

葛飾区

Katsushika-ku ਜ਼ᆫགྷᆽૐ

⢎㗈㎸

荒川区

Arakawa-ku ྤೡᆽဉૐ

⪜╎㎸

北区

Kita-ku

ૺረૐ

⌝㎸

豊島区

Toshima-ku

౅གྷൠૐ

⟁☞㎸

中野区

Nakano-ku

୾ᆽிૐ

㺲㮚㎸

杉並区

Suginami-ku ༺ૺ୾ුૐ

㓸⏌㎸

世田谷区

Setagaya-ku ໞረਜ਼྽ૐ

㖺㝥⤤㎸

板橋区

Itabashi-ku

ၦረ෡གྷૐ

⊓㎅㎸

練馬区

Nerima-ku

஫൘ൠૐ

⼃⿷㎸

武蔵野市

Musashino-shi ඳຫགྷிགྷ

㣖␂㮚㗊

三鷹市

Mitaka-shi

㑻㱍㗊

ුረᆽགྷ

＊ 深夜早朝割増及び障害者割引適用定額運賃＊

定額運賃

深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃

障害者割引適用定額運賃

Fixed Fare
ႜྵဪၭ
⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to late night and early morning premiums྽੝ႮႮዾჭ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏☨⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to discounts for the disabledၿྴၨዾၨ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵☨⤨⛊➱㱫

Fixed fare applicable to late night /early morning premiums and discounts for the disabled྽੝ႮႮዾჭෟၿྴၨዾၨ႕ဧႜྵဪၭ
㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏⭆⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵☨⤨⛊➱㱫¥6,700¥6,900¥6,800¥7,000¥5,600¥6,800¥6,400¥8,500¥8,700¥7,900¥8,400¥8,500¥7,500¥8,200¥6,600¥9,400¥9,800¥10,700¥10,200¥8,000¥8,200¥8,200¥8,300¥6,800¥8,200¥7,600¥10,000¥10,200¥9,400¥9,900¥10,100¥9,000¥9,700¥8,000¥11,100¥11,600¥12,600¥12,000¥6,000¥6,200¥6,100¥6,300¥5,000¥6,100¥5,700¥7,600¥7,800¥7,100¥7,500¥7,600¥6,700¥7,300¥5,900¥8,400¥8,800¥9,600¥9,100¥7,200¥7,300¥7,300¥7,400¥6,100¥7,300¥6,800¥9,000¥9,100¥8,400¥8,900¥9,000¥8,100¥8,700¥7,200¥9,900¥10,400¥11,300¥10,800

午後10時〜午前5時にご利用いただいた場合は、深夜早朝割増適用定額運賃となります。

＊障害者手帳（身体・知的・精神）の交付を受けている方がご利用の場合は、障害者手帳のご提示により障害者割引制度が適用されます。
*Persons with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certiﬁcates are eligible for discounts for the disabled upon presentation of their certiﬁcates.

英Fixed fares applicable to late night and early morning premiums are charged for rides between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

英韓࿼ፎགྷfྤᆹགྷຫၦ࿝ၦဧዻཇઠဨ྽੝ႮႮዾჭ႕ဧႜྵဪၭၦ႕ဧ౛ఁఋ

韓 ＊ၿྴၨ༘ᅬˀཅᅰხ႕ႜཅˁຫဧၴਜ਼ၦဧዻཇઠဨၿྴၨ༘ᅬၕ႞གྷዻඓၿྴၨዾၨ႞౅ਜ਼႕ဧ౛ఁఋ

中╹㮣⹽♇☡㵍⒧♇⒳㾘㖫ᱨ㗄㱫㲂㔪㮣ᮢ㵍⒧➱㱫⭩㗏☨⤨⛊➱㱫ᮣ中 ＊⏺⭈㑉㺆⮔ᱤ㔩㝛ᮢ㺩⻲ᮢⲽ㔭ᱥⒾ㱸㸃⒳㾘㖫ᱨⓞ㖸⏺⭈㑉㺆⮔⨍⶙㦝㗖⏺⭈㑉㱭⪵㺨⛪ᮣ

特別区・武三版
使用開始日：平成27年3月8日

The ﬁxed fares to and from the airport are low even on an international scale. There are no suchfare settings in London (with fares being 1.5 to 2 times higher on the meters than those inTokyo), making them about equal to the fares in New York.

羽田空港 定額運賃
要ご予約

33

羽田空港までご利用の場合は、ご利用１時間前 までにお申し込みください。
【 ご予約は 各タクシー会社 または 無線配車センター へ。】

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

The “Fixed Fares to Haneda Airport” page on theTokyo Hire-Taxi Association website

http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/teigaku/TA X I C A B S

2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in TokyoI N TO K YO
2 015

Creating a pleasant environment for visitorsfrom abroad.
Operation of multilingual taxis (Hospitality Taxis)▲ Indicated with this sign

Training on serving visitors from abroad
The training that is oﬀered by the Tokyo Taxi Center, which involves
role-playing, is aimed at improving customer service by teachingcustoms practiced by foreign nationals, basic communication skills
needed in operating a taxi, and more.

Exclusive lanes for drivers who have completed training on serving visitors from abroad
As of December 15, 2014, drivers
who have completed the abovementioned training are granted
access to exclusive lanes. This is
to increase the level of hospitality
by allowing visitors from abroad tochoose taxis with drivers who cancommunicate in English.

Excellent Service Taxis

International Terminal
Building

Number of taxis
standing by: 135(15 rows, 9 lanes)

Kanagawa vehicles

SECTION

Transition in the number of hospitality taxi drivers

Future eﬀorts concerning thehosting of the 2020 Olympic
and Paralympic Games in Tokyo

8,000

Goal:

(p eopl e)

10,000

09

8,000

3,775

6,000
4,000
2,000
0

1,024
October 2014

March 2015

December 2015

As of March 31, 2015, according to the Tokyo Taxi Center

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

34

SECTION

09

Future eﬀorts concerning the hosting of theInitiatives are being made toward foreign
language training for drivers
Training in foreign languages for Tokyo sightseeing taxi drivers
The Tokyo Sightseeing Taxi Course in Foreign Languages (provisional appellation) fosters
drivers with oﬃcial TOEIC scores of 600 or above or with equivalent work experience into
professionals who can guide passengers through tourist sites in foreign languages.
[Term]: Summer to Autumn, 2015
Transition in the targeted number of drivers who can serve as tour guides in foreign languages(people)

350

300
300

250
250

Goal

200

200

150
150

100
100

50
50

0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Guide to national strategic special zones【Expansion of paid tour guide services in foreign languages】〔Proposal (new)〕*Drivers who show that they have reached a certain levelof quality upon undergoing examinations and training canoffer paid tour guide services even without certification asinterpreters or guides.
The appeal of sightseeing in Tokyo is enhanced as
tourists from abroad can easily receive guided tours in
English.

35

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Attendinginterpreter
required
Increased
cost burden

Attendinginterpreter
not required
Lessened
cost burden

2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in TokyoTA X I CAB S I N TO K YO
2 015

Services evaluated highly on an international
level.
The taxi services in Tokyo are the best in the world
The Tokyo Olympics / Paralympics bid speech
When giving a presentation to the IOC bidding to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo,
Christel Takigawa stated that the taxi services in Japan are ranked the highest in the world.

【Partial extract of the original document】
A recent study on seventy-ﬁve thousand people who travel around the world showed thatTokyo is the safest city in the world. The same study showed that Tokyo ranked No. 1 inits public transportation system, cleanliness of the streets, and kindness of its taxi
drivers as well.
●How kind were the taxi drivers?

●What is your overall assessment of thetaxi services there?

Tokyo (Japan)

7.71

Tokyo (Japan)

8.18

Cancun (Mexico)

7.69

Singapore

8.12

Singapore

7.58

Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

7.84

Punta Cana (Dominican Republic)

7.46

Dublin (Ireland)

7.70

Dublin (Ireland)

7.45

London (England)

7.61

Source: Results of the 2012 TripAdvisor survey on cities of the world by tourists

Sending messages out to the world
http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/
PR activities are being carried out such as through websites in English for sending out
information overseas and throughout the world, and through the English version of “Tokyoʼs
Taxis” in PDF ﬁles available on the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association website.

TOP > :HOFRPHWR7RN\RSECTION

7RN\RZKLFKZLOOKRVWWKH2O\PSLFVIRUWKHVHFRQGWLPH
Tokyo has been selected to host the 2020 summer Olympics and Paralympics.
As one of the public transportation agencies serving the city, we at the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
sincerely welcome everyone who visits Tokyo.
Thank you for using Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association.

09

Future eﬀorts concerning thehosting of the 2020 Olympic
and Paralympic Games in Tokyo

Christel Takigawa, the bid ambassador who gave the final presentation to the International Olympic
Committee, which selected Tokyo to host the 2020 Summer Games, cited the attentive hospitalityof the Japanese people. As one example, she said that the kindness of Tokyo taxi drivers had been
rated No.1 in the world. This estimation is due to the high scores visitors from around the world
gave to Tokyo's taxis compared with those of other cities in countries around the world.

In 2012, taxis reached their 100th anniversary in Japan. The
first taxi company in the country began operations in 1912 in
Yurakucho, Tokyo, equipping six Model T Fords with faremeters.

In 1964, when hosting the Tokyo Olympics (for the first time), Tokyo received the feedback,"Japanese taxi drivers are completely dedicated", as well as a letter of thanks from the International
Olympic Committee to this association.

During this 100-year period there were many problems,
including an oil crisis, a drawn-out recession and deregulation,
but we overcame these obstacles and reached this milestone
is thanks to all of you who patronized taxis over the years.
Again, thank you.

2IIHULQJEHWWHUVHUYLFHWRFXVWRPHUVIURPDURXQGWKHZRUOG

And in April 2013, it was decided that we, the Corporation
Tokyo Taxicab Association, as part of public-service corporation reform, would become a generalincorporated association, change our name to the Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association (THTA), and get a
fresh start.
The situation the industry finds itself in remains severe, but Tokyo's taxis, as a form of public
transportation, will continue working to be safe and secure, serve our customers and earn theirappreciation. We humbly ask your understanding and support.

Ichiro Kawanabe
President
Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

English page

The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association will continue promoting and strengthening policies including thefollowing as the Olympics and Paralympics approach.
The Haneda Airport Fixed Fare System and the Narita Airport Fixed Fare System, which offereasy-to-understand fares between airports and various parts of Tokyo.
The introduction of universal design taxis, which are easy for the elderly and people inwheelchairs to board, and driver training to further improve customer service.
Tokyo sightseeing taxis, whose certified drivers guide passengers around the city, thedevelopment of a multilingual guidance system that uses IT, and more.
Every driver is endeavoring to improve his hospitality and provide even better service to visitors toTokyo from around the world, not to mention to everyone in Japan. By all means, please use Tokyo
taxis.

Welcome to Tokyo! page

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

36

SECTION

10 Industrial, governmental, andIndustrial＜ 2014 ＞
April 4
｜ UD (Universal Driver) training oﬀered
for the ﬁrst time by the Tokyo Taxi
Center. Fifty trainees get ﬁrsthand experience in handling elderly
passengers, the visually impaired,and wheelchairs.

April 9May 7

May 27

June 3June 4

June 18

July 137

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015｜ President Tomita announces his
retirement and that he will continue
serving as President of the Japan
Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations
until the expiration of his term at thegeneral Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
meeting on May 27 during theconference of the president andvice-presidents of the Japan
Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations.
｜ A candidate president for thefollowing term is selected at theboard meeting of the Tokyo HireTaxi Association. There were noother candidates other than VicePresident Kawanabe or nominations
for anyone else so it was decided
that Vice-President Kawanabe would
be the next president at the board
meeting following the ordinary
general meeting of May 27.
｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
holds an ordinary general meetingand board meeting, and VicePresident Kawanabe becomesthe new president. Five new vicepresidents are also elected.

｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association andits new leadership under President
Kawanabe hold an inaugural press
conference with the Japan Hired
Taxi Press Club. President Kawanabe
pronounces the New-Graduate
Recruitment Project, which follows
the sightseeing taxi project by therevitalization project team.
｜ An informal decision by the former
director-general of the Kanto District
Transportation Bureau, Toshihiro
Kamiya, is announced to be the new
director of the Japan Federationof Hire-Taxi Associations during
the conference of the president
and vice-presidents of the Japan
Federation of Hire-Taxi Associations.
｜ President Kawanabe describes atthe board meeting of the Tokyo
Hire-Taxi Association the new
directionality of the Association,
which includes expressing the needfor regulations to domestic public
opinion upon placing signiﬁcance on
data, and making comparisons withother cities throughout the world.
｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
begins the “Taxi Day” campaign (until
August 5) with the main theme being“August 5 is Taxi Day” - Tokyoʼs Taxis
are Getting Closer to Your Side -.

August 5｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
holds PR events for “Taxi Day” atlocations such as Excellent Service
Taxi stands at Tokyo Station,
Shinjuku Station, Shibuya Station,
Ikebukuro Station, and Shinbashi
Station.

August 6｜ The Tokyo Taxi Center holds a
ceremony presenting the completionof the roof of the ﬁrst advertisingtaxi stand in Japan in front of theMita Kokusai Building in Minato
Ward.
August 20 ｜ President Kawanabe describes
at the management committee
meeting of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association the global-standard
fare system of a shortened initialcharging distance that he proposed
himself and is doing research on
for its materialization, and asks forunderstanding and support.
October 30 ｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
holds a meeting to exchange
opinions on topics such as measures
to use taxis for regional public
transportation.
December 2 ｜ The Tokyo Taxi Center begins anexperimental inclusion of exclusive
lanes for those who have completed
training on serving visitors fromabroad, which is to begin at 9 a.m.
on the 15th at the Excellent Service
Taxi stand at Haneda AirportʼsInternational Terminal.
＜ 2015 ＞
January 28 ｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association gives
a press release on the upgradedversion and new English version of
the “Tokyo Taxi Association-TAKKUN”
common dispatching smartphone
application.

February 24｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
holds the second Semi-Speciﬁc
Taxi Region Conference to discuss
the special zones, the Busantransportation area, and the Tama
district.
March 8
｜ New ﬁxed fares from and to Haneda
Airport applied with the opening of
the Chuo Expressway on the Inner
Circular Route.
April 6｜ The Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
holds a celebration of the new
exclusive taxi stand for rides withﬁxed fares from and to Haneda
Airport at the Haneda Airport
International Terminal taxi stand.

TA X I C A B S

social activities

I N TO K YO
2 015

＜ 2014 ＞
April 1
｜ Consumption tax rises from 5% to
8%.

＜ 2014 ＞｜ Minister Ota of the Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism expresses his intentions
to resolve Niigataʼs taxi fare cartel
issues at the Upper House Land,
Infrastructure, Transportation andTourism Committee.
April 17｜ The bill to revise the methodof regenerating and revitalizing
regional public transport, where thepublic transportation network of
the entire region including railways,
busses, and taxis is formed andrestructured mainly by local
municipalities, is passed at theLower House plenary session.
June 9｜ Written opinions by working groups
stating that widespread restrictions
limit freedom in business and are
detrimental to the convenience ofthe customers were gathered at
the Council for Regulatory Reformin response to the standards
for designating speciﬁc regions
being developed by the Ministryof Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism, and requests for the
Ministry to proceed carefully were
made.
June 17｜ The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism organizes
comprehensive plans directed
at young people and women forrecruiting and fostering humanresources in an eﬀort to eliminate
labor shortages in the bus, taxi,
truck and maintenance industries,
and presents them to the Land,
Infrastructure and Transport Task
Force of the LDP.
October 16 ｜ Intentions on verifying the eﬀects
on the special measures law ontaxis revised by Internal Aﬀairs andCommunications Minister Takaichi
every three years and discussing
the pros and cons at the Diet are
expressed at the Lower House
General Committee.
＜ 2015 ＞
January 28 ｜ The ﬁrst meeting on how new
taxis should operate is held by the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism. Discussions
on prompting the veriﬁcationsof the eﬀects of the revised
special measures law on taxis,
the revitalization of taxi services,and other issues begin. A twokeyword group, consisting of theredesigning of the fare system of ashortened initial charging distanceand measures on rising gasoline
prices, is established.

SocialGovernmental

April 3

May 23｜ The designation of August 11
as "Mountain Day" is approved
following the enactment of therevised Act on National Holidays at
the Upper House.
June 11｜ The bill for liberalizing electric
power sales to households by
2016 is approved following theenactment of the revised ElectricBusiness Act at the Upper House.
July 17｜ A Malaysia Airlines plane travellingfrom Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur
crashes in east Ukraine near theRussian border, killing all 298
passengers and crew members.
August 29 ｜ Landslides due to heavy rain in
northern Hiroshima City. 74 people
dead/missing.
September 3 ｜ Prime Minister Abe reshuﬄes thecabinet and installs the Second Abe
Cabinet.
October 14 ｜ The government approves oftransportation standards andorders under the State Secrecy
Law in a Cabinet meeting.
November 21 ｜ The Lower House is dissolved. The
Lower House election is scheduledfor December 14.
December 24 ｜ The 3rd Abe Cabinet is launchedfollowing the LDP and Komei
Partyʼs landslide victory.
＜ 2015 ＞
January 23 ｜ Yokozuna Hakuho wins his 33rd
championship at the ﬁrst Grand
Sumo Tournament of the year,
setting a new record for highest
number of victories.
March 24 ｜ A German passenger plane
travelling from Barcelona Spain to
Dusseldorf Germany crashes into amountain in southern France.

SECTION

10

Industrial,
governmental, andsocial activities

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

38

Number of taxi companies and vehicles by year
Item

Special zones / Busan district

Tama district

Kanto District Transport Bureau

Islands District

Companies
PrivateInclusivesum

33,086

19,65652,742383

31,303

19,65650,959157

385

33,70919,59253,301

56

158

366

35,75919,47855,237

3‚119

55

154

362

35,787

19,47955,266

70

3‚137

55

148

359

34,644

19,312

53,95630‚733

71

3‚130

55

141

359

34,00419,00953,0135‚376

30‚722

72

3‚151

55

135

358

34,00818,81852,82625‚8785‚404

31‚282

72

3‚176

56

138

359

34,596

18,70053,296240

26‚9615‚204

32‚165

74

3‚272

56

138

370

35,575

19,35454,9291999

252

27‚7344‚719

32‚453

75

3‚378

55

131

381

35,962

19,30555,2672000

254

27‚8514‚540

32‚391

79

3‚408

55

125

385

35,924

19,36955,293

2001

252

28‚2624‚395

32‚657

81

3‚423

55

121

388

36,201

19,07755,2782002

257

28‚5394‚180

32‚719

85

3‚539

53

111

395

36,36919,141

55,5102003

258

29‚0453‚894

32‚939

68

3‚446

53

105

407

36,49019,05655,5462004

271

29‚6633‚880

33‚543

71

3‚519

54

106

396

37,16818,98956,1572005

291

30‚8193‚883

34‚702

71

3‚520

53

105

415

38,327

18,99057,3172006

317

31‚9483‚931

35‚879

71

3‚572

48

99

436

39,55018,67658,226

2007

334

32,9584,090

37,048

72

3,687

46

98

452

40,833

18,47859,311

2008

352

33,866

4,125

37,991

73

3,711

45

94

470

41,796

18,21360,0092009

366

33,473

4,069

37,542

74

3,530

45

92

485

41,164

17,944

59,1082010

362

31,7993,977

35,776

74

3,389

45

83

481

39,24817,42056,6682011

359

27,9983,849

31,847

74

3,232

43

84

476

35,163

16,78751,9502012

356

27,794

3,636

31,430

73

3,215

42

83

471

34,72816,14450,872

2013

347

27,6593,471

31,130

73

3,188

39

77

459

34,395

15,05249,447

2014

346

27,646

3,548

31,194

71

3,188

38

73

455

34,455

14,43048,885

NumberofBusiness
operators

Taxi

Hired
taxi

Total

1989

253

24‚1435‚883

30‚026

73

2‚902

57

158

363

1990

253

22‚3605‚883

28‚243

73

2‚902

57

158

1991

254

24‚1726‚426

30‚598

75

2‚954

56

1992

238

26‚1486‚352

32‚500

72

3‚101

1993

237

26‚1136‚401

32‚514

70

1994

234

25‚3945‚965

31‚3591995

233

25‚163

5‚570

1996

231

25‚346

1997

231

1998

Year

Number of vehicles

NumberNumberNumberNumberNumberNumber
of
of
of
of
of
of
Business
Business
Business
operators vehicles operators vehicles operators vehicles(Notes) 1. According to adjustments in the total number of business operators and vehicles in general passenger vehicletransportation businesses by the Kanto District Transport Bureau.
2. The number of business operators represents the total number of business operators that have offices in the saidzones.

39

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Record of taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports(%)

in operation(per day)Tokyo
Hire-Taxi Association
T

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
companyYearin existence(per day)1989

8‚426‚262

7,730,051

91.7

1,427,558,757 2,564,024,706 55.7 282,314,465 415,364,553 419,907,041 331.7

36.5

54,3215.1

1990

8‚857‚327

7,812,347

88.2

1,397,770,377 2,524,166,069 55.4 266,400,889 392,404,349 441,798,431 323.1

34.1

56,551

5.2

1991

9‚083‚937

7,847,021

86.4

1,399,846,914 2,537,363,228 55.2 264,270,081 387,679,693 445,910,050 323.4

33.7

56,8255.3

1992

9‚127‚661

7,987,404

87.5

1,287,130,399 2,470,973,018 52.1 254,163,873 368,950,019 452,092,763 309.4

31.8

56,601

5.1

1993

9‚055‚295

8,104,168

89.5

1,232,125,620 2,466,561,197 50.0 255,652,169 370,176,078 442,113,343 304.4

31.5

54,5544.8

1994

8‚927‚540

8,123,244

90.9

1,240,553,150 2,509,505,632 49.4 262,646,882 379,287,432 447,245,027 308.9

32.3

55,057

4.7

1995

8‚964‚633

8,133,357

90.7

1,206,470,891 2,490,349,812 48.4 258,991,511 368,429,981 471,327,446 306.2

31.8

57,9504.7

1996

9‚046‚319

8,139,378

90.0

1,196,703,626 2,496,389,251 47.9 258,949,480 366,869,849 469,161,118 306.7

31.8

57,641

4.6

1997

9‚246‚297

8,046,792

87.0

1,162,436,904 2,456,907,127 47.3 255,984,010 361,814,495 464,240,900 305.3

31.8

57,693

4.5

1998

9‚585‚425

8,326,792

86.9

1,102,334,554 2,444,418,587 45.1 251,991,333 354,470,676 442,266,836 293.6

30.3

53,114

4.4

1999

9‚562‚907

8,353,057

87.3

1,070,224,997 2,412,308,594 44.4 248,005,034 347,820,185 430,880,885 288.8

29.7

51,584

4.3

2000

9‚586‚756

8,289,227

86.5

1,073,601,680 2,398,446,596 44.8 251,116,110 350,889,906 433,310,901 289.3

30.3

52,274

4.3

2001

9‚668‚192

8,277,267

85.6

1,050,961,648 2,370,403,636 44.3 248,335,480 346,787,017 425,020,816 286.4

30.0

51,3484.2

2002

9‚936‚898

8,417,116

84.7

1,029,033,363 2,348,170,763 43.8 247,264,463 346,509,071 416,434,152 279.0

29.4

49,475

4.2

2003 10‚151‚720

8,575,308

84.5

1,022,572,710 2,354,626,865 43.4 247,780,917 345,361,913 414,247,268 274.6

28.9

48,307

4.1

2004 10‚345‚062

8,633,930

83.5

1,031,226,264 2,352,279,931 43.8 251,113,449 348,391,811 416,921,678 272.4

29.1

48,2894.1

2005 10‚708‚138

8,720,334

81.4

1,067,522,820 2,381,228,831 44.8 259,360,608 357,687,144 431,634,517 273.1

29.7

49,497

4.1

2006 10‚951‚340

8,701,031

79.5

1,095,822,275 2,403,097,429 45.6 264,927,434 365,325,242 440,306,598 276.2

30.4

50,604

4.1

2007 11,222,247

8,775,795

78.2

1,086,795,352 2,389,381,358 45.5 260,863,751 354,730,299 445,304,907 272.3

29.4

50,742

4.2

2008 11,349,261

8,915,959

78.6

963,240,597 2,291,823,411 42.0 235,502,805 312,318,115 413,103,093 257.0

26.4

46,333

4.1

2009 10,950,290

8,936,482

81.6

853,074,660 2,176,380,311 39.2 214,577,810 283,796,557 367,719,550 243.5

24.0

41,1484.0

2010

9,818,499

8,369,311

85.2

812,971,689 2,045,818,104 39.7 206,021,917 272,080,128 350,798,592 244.4

24.6

41,9154.0

2011

9,345,517

7,956,865

85.1

802,520,241 1,972,136,438 40.7 202,140,408 265,876,386 346,234,599 247.9

25.4

43,5144.0

2012

9,300,451

7,730,381

83.1

802,996,357 1,915,211,746 41.9 202,837,586 267,785,904 348,665,083 247.8

26.2

45,1034.0

2013

9,505,100

7,729,619

81.3

821,389,895 1,907,272,876 43.1 205,493,957 270,668,509 357,001,972 246.7

26.6

46,1864.0

2014

9,567,378

7,683,726

80.3

828,861,258 1,901,519,559 43.6 204,331,388 269,020,775 366,540,169 247.5

26.6

47,703

4.1

Apr. 2014

781,667

642,134

82.1

68,355,018

159,430,616 42.9

16,730,437

22,029,308

30,119,709 248.3

26.1

46,906

4.1

May 2014

810,526

646,437

79.8

66,677,080

158,402,817 42.1

16,402,214

21,639,645

29,289,163 245.0

25.4

45,3094.1

Jun. 2014

784,380

633,156

80.7

68,973,396

157,316,625 43.8

17,153,635

22,412,323

30,509,849 248.5

27.1

48,1874.0

vehicles(km)

810,650

662,940

81.8

72,557,577

165,384,644 43.9

18,023,811

23,633,003

32,143,309 249.5

27.2

48,486

4.0

811,728

632,575

77.9

67,143,306

154,705,390 43.4

16,909,589

22,419,490

29,725,442 244.6

25.6

46,991

4.0

Sep. 2014

787,946

637,657

80.9

66,242,851

154,978,019 42.7

16,340,561

21,593,264

29,282,171 243.0

25.6

45,922

4.1

Oct. 2014

814,217664,729

81.6

71,361,904

163,741,773 43.6

17,449,754

22,874,266

31,532,503 246.3

26.3

47,437

4.1

Nov. 2014

788,043626,280

79.5

67,421,519

153,638,766 43.9

16,609,090

21,953,202

29,864,686 245.3

26.5

47,686

4.1

Dec. 2014

814,277

669,629

82.2

78,059,915

171,163,717 45.6

18,758,551

24,734,130

34,735,102 255.6

28.0

51,872

4.2

Jan. 2015

814,311624,25476.7

66,253,880

153,634,699 43.1

16,437,514

21,676,609

29,232,491 246.1

26.3

46,8284.0

Feb. 2015

735,403592,726

80.6

63,248,367

146,091,671 43.3

15,877,536

20,763,082

27,997,704 246.5

26.8

47,236

4.0

Mar. 2015

814,220651,209

80.0

72,566,445

163,030,822 44.5

17,638,696

23,292,453

32,108,040 250.4

27.1

49,305

4.1(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Reference materials

Jul. 2014
Aug. 201440

Record of taxi operations in the Tama district by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports(%)

in operation(per day)Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
companyYearin existence(per day)1989

1,038,149

959,145 92.4

163,439,658 291,205,586 56.1

37,675,107 51,419,891 46,739,050

303.6

39.3

48,7304.3

1990

1,072,868

953,894 88.9

158,509,082 283,768,815 55.9

36,035,178 49,122,911 49,093,825

297.5

37.8

51,467

4.4

1991

1,102,252

953,190 86.5

156,226,056 279,988,017 55.8

35,725,413 48,446,415 49,445,068

293.7

37.5

51,873

4.4

1992

1,113,442

976,732 87.7

145,657,237 267,507,741 54.4 34,604,307 46,693,550 50,447,177

273.9

35.4

51,6494.2

1993

1,119,698

1,005,592 89.8

142,014,694 265,333,089 53.5

35,288,373 47,256,548 50,040,461

263.9

35.1

49,7624.0

1994

1,120,668

1,020,081 91.0

142,657,066 268,442,111 53.1

36,143,228 48,209,600 50,580,871

263.2

35.4

49,5803.9

1995

1,126,768

1,026,304 91.1

138,908,197 264,396,833 52.5

35,671,662 47,348,276 52,970,190

257.6

34.8

51,613

3.9

1996

1,128,452

1,028,144 91.1

137,632,812 263,693,062 52.2

35,885,267 47,401,612 52,530,803

256.5

34.9

51,0933.8

1997

1,139,558

1,024,989 89.9

133,582,273 258,333,449 51.7

35,652,123 47,078,936 52,030,427

252.0

34.8

50,762

3.8

1998

1,174,968

1,066,007 90.7

127,790,614 252,328,764 50.6

35,265,918 46,250,257 50,010,367

236.7

33.1

46,914

3.6

1999

1,213,042

1,100,980 90.8

125,181,896 251,324,956 49.8 34,974,066 45,854,638 49,086,576

228.3

31.8

44,5843.6

2000

1,215,074

1,089,014 89.6

125,469,650 251,178,426 50.0

35,622,324 46,519,138 49,372,324

230.6

32.7

45,337

3.5

2001

1,223,165

1,088,006 89.0

122,885,940 247,841,012 49.6

35,361,979 46,245,100 48,522,201

227.8

32.5

44,597

3.5

2002

1,276,276

1,115,354 87.4

123,469,343 250,268,325 49.3

35,930,381 47,212,788 48,743,189

224.4

32.2

43,702

3.4

2003

1,301,238

1,139,506 87.6

123,853,912 252,848,198 49.0

36,115,328 47,789,889 48,985,279

221.9

31.7

42,9883.4

2004

1,312,468

1,148,611 87.5

124,350,985 254,406,730 48.9 36,471,124 48,211,932 49,080,382

221.5

31.8

42,7303.4

2005

1,330,723

1,147,060 86.2

126,919,347 258,744,376 49.1

37,287,492 49,312,077 50,069,857

225.6

32.5

43,6513.4

2006

1,332,425

1,134,530 85.1

128,042,345 259,827,490 49.3

37,471,613 49,133,727 50,395,953

229.0

33.0

44,4203.4

2007

1,336,803

1,120,235 83.8

124,863,955 253,126,293 49.3

36,525,637 47,618,200 50,108,249

226.0

32.6

44,7303.4

vehicles

(km)

2008

1,330,215

1,113,895 83.7

112,746,999 232,702,800 48.5

33,279,762 42,946,529 47,173,933

208.9

29.9

42,3503.4

2009

1,284,871

1,108,782 86.3

102,783,907 215,768,230 47.6

30,780,737 39,750,149 43,246,614

194.6

27.8

39,004

3.3

2010

1,223,420

1,070,652 87.5

100,334,947 210,587,758 47.6

30,137,001 38,846,535 42,187,813

196.7

28.1

39,4043.3

2011

1,201,246

1,041,321 86.7

98,070,069 205,598,785 47.7

29,468,325 38,008,209 41,226,569

197.4

28.3

39,5913.3

2012

1,187,026

1,004,731 84.6

96,660,173 201,548,110 48.0

29,180,873 37,642,130 40,614,167

200.6

29.0

40,4233.3

2013

1,182,677

978,272 82.7

95,548,004 198,232,977 48.2

28,746,276 37,134,088 40,169,730

202.6

29.4

41,0623.3

2014

1,182,940

957,060

80.9

92,419,170 192,116,002 48.1 27,603,695 35,713,044 39,979,139 200.7

28.8

41,7733.3

Apr. 2014

96,826

79,982

82.6

7,619,765

15,916,819 47.9

2,277,820

2,939,846

3,297,822 199.0

28.5

41,232

3.4

May 2014

100,421

81,35781.0

7,457,321

15,691,835 47.5

2,214,390

2,859,686

3,219,508 192.9

27.2

39,573

3.4

Jun. 2014

97,222

79,11681.4

7,713,230

15,989,755 48.2

2,319,211

2,975,701

3,343,751 202.1

29.3

42,264

3.3

Jul. 2014

100,471

82,33381.9

8,078,760

16,757,835 48.2

2,434,481

3,149,411

3,504,287 203.5

29.6

42,562

3.3

Aug. 2014

100,455

80,04879.7

7,815,510

16,245,894 48.1

2,373,121

3,129,544

3,382,748 203.0

29.6

42,2593.3

Sep. 2014

97,20079,04181.3

7,241,831

15,207,289 47.6

2,174,489

2,803,107

3,133,138 192.4

27.5

39,6393.3

Oct. 2014

100,464

82,23581.9

7,723,877

16,163,953 47.8

2,304,427

2,955,492

3,334,611 196.6

28.0

40,5503.4

Nov. 2014

97,23077,93880.2

7,439,568

15,508,370 48.0

2,218,405

2,874,961

3,224,855 199.0

28.5

41,377

3.4

Dec. 2014

100,471

82,15881.8

8,873,186

17,964,054 49.4

2,572,992

3,313,860

3,834,036 218.7

31.3

46,667

3.5

Jan. 2015

100,440

78,18877.8

7,646,632

15,820,985 48.3

2,284,341

3,009,789

3,280,333 202.3

29.2

41,954

3.4

Feb. 2015

90,70973,46681.0

6,900,920

14,440,549 47.8

2,068,128

2,642,686

2,990,909 196.6

28.2

40,712

3.3

Mar. 2015

101,031

81,19880.4

7,908,570

16,408,664 48.2

2,361,890

3,058,961

3,433,141 202.1

29.1

42,281

3.3(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The geisha (taxi on its way) / deadhead distance is calculated in kilometers by actual vehicle and the standards for the
rates of actual vehicles are different due to the revisions in the geisha / deadhead system as of November 1981.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports

41

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Record of hired taxi operations in special zones and the Busan transportation area by year
Item

Fleet vehicles

Distance in kilometers

Rate ofRate of
NumberGross number of Gross number of actual Kilometers Distance in actualof
operations
vehiclesactual vehicles actual vehiclesof actual kilometers (%) transports
(%)

Year

in existence(per day)in operation(per day)vehicles(km)

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

NumberBy operating
Number Transportationofvehicles per dayofincomekilometers
Distance Number Transportation by actual
People(byinbeing
1 thousand
vehiclesofincomekilometers transports
transported
yen)
per
(by
1
yen)
(km)
company

1989

2,067,226

1,658,212 80.2

286,974,143 298,852,756 96.0

4,713,156

8,850,967 110,845,807 180.2

2.8

66,847 60.9

1990

2,200,489

1,715,770 78.0

288,022,310 300,108,382 96.0

4,642,470

8,262,218 123,026,349 174.9

2.7

71,703 62.0

1991

2,323,225

1,760,088 75.8

280,790,403 293,854,403 95.6

4,510,993

7,816,372 129,240,559 167.0

2.6

73,428 62.2

1992

2,323,764

1,725,728 74.3

244,831,954 257,331,845 95.1

3,937,846

6,834,051 116,418,937 149.1

2.3

67,461 62.2

1993

2,259,159

1,626,445 72.0

218,760,495 229,794,219 95.2

3,499,795

6,068,621 103,152,217 141.3

2.2

63,422 62.5

1994

2,059,797

1,470,061 71.4

207,240,045 213,506,796 97.1

3,219,936

5,593,893 96,061,556 145.2

2.2

65,345 64.4

1995

2,002,145

1,409,261 70.4

209,518,718 215,389,484 97.3

3,169,824

5,507,705 95,631,255 152.8

2.2

67,859 66.1

1996

1,966,869

1,378,487 70.1

130,976,867 203,854,904 64.3

2,992,900

5,257,358 89,989,786 147.9

2.2

65,282 43.8

1997

1,930,859

1,345,862 69.7

127,393,440 197,985,958 64.3

2,884,103

5,266,334 88,097,173 147.1

2.1

65,458 44.2

1998

1,807,936

1,266,152 70.0

113,389,692 177,012,576 64.1

2,616,547

4,823,018 77,768,866 139.8

2.1

61,421 43.3

1999

1,684,385

1,156,084 68.6

102,263,303 165,084,948 61.9

2,467,874

4,573,047 70,505,009 142.8

2.1

60,986 41.4

2000

1,602,740

1,087,568 67.9

97,881,220 157,065,552 62.3

2,330,040

3,891,848 61,179,661 144.4

2.1

56,254 42.0

2001

1,535,249

1,050,009 68.4

93,129,888 147,281,511 63.2

2,212,964

3,460,684 54,859,046 140.3

2.1

52,246 42.1

2002

1,442,591

977,150 67.7

89,256,638 140,263,897 63.6

2,126,274

3,260,429 50,389,184 143.5

2.2

51,568 42.0

2003

1,396,030

932,726 66.8

85,767,544 134,115,815 64.0

2,018,464

3,188,206 47,526,372 143.8

2.2

50,954 42.5

2004

1,390,531

920,801 66.2

85,382,009 133,569,514 63.9

1,980,999

3,175,354 47,552,634 145.1

2.2

51,643 43.1

2005

1,392,699

919,312 66.0

86,223,061 135,209,983 63.8

1,990,391

3,218,015 47,627,561 147.1

2.2

51,808 43.3

2006

1,408,455

935,732 66.4

88,002,877 138,727,214 63.4

2,031,837

3,268,619 48,656,317 148.3

2.2

51,998 43.3

2007

1,424,074

939,742 66.0

89,290,385 141,197,290 63.2

2,047,556

3,234,024 49,432,991 150.3

2.2

52,603 43.6

2008

1,405,360

918,879 65.4

82,530,569 131,085,488 63.0

1,879,029

2,883,084 45,890,121 142.7

2.0

49,941 43.9

2009

1,322,851

829,279 62.7

71,430,343 113,220,185 63.1

1,678,834

2,543,122 38,804,554 136.5

2.0

46,793 42.5

2010

1,283,375

788,680 61.5

69,040,591 107,100,159 64.5

1,596,922

2,476,849 36,926,175 135.8

2.0

46,820 43.2

2011

1,245,570

735,840 59.0

67,041,967 102,424,830 65.4

1,567,436

2,454,005 35,329,168 139.2

2.1

48,012 42.8

2012

1,180,801

710,696 60.2

63,174,173

98,641,167 64.0

1,540,262

2,482,308 33,243,571 138.8

2.2

46,776 41.0

2013

1,160,934

721,122 62.1

60,495,006

97,979,187 61.7

1,531,704

2,677,284 32,920,958 135.8

2.1

45,638 39.5

2014

1,196,017

720,427

60.2

63,499,581

99,574,768 63.8

1,550,949

2,571,033 34,171,067 138.1

2.2

47,395 41.0

Apr. 2014

96,68460,79862.9

5,236,149

8,640,480 60.6

130,844

229,622

2,961,127 142.1

2.2

48,704 40.0

May 2014

99,12258,89959.4

5,491,681

8,425,268 65.2

128,100

222,936

2,878,504 143.0

2.2

48,871 42.9

Jun. 2014

98,10360,37261.5

5,326,035

8,317,003 64.0

127,305

214,9932,863,658 137.8

2.1

47,434 41.8

101,139

61,992

61.3

5,368,388

8,396,237 63.9

129,626

222,595

2,878,485 135.4

2.1

46,433 41.4

101,243

54,43853.8

4,536,691

7,147,711 63.5

112,665

188,156

2,372,376 131.3

2.1

43,579 40.1

Sep. 2014

97,96259,37460.6

5,274,189

8,277,903 63.7

126,959

226,326

2,804,509 139.4

2.1

47,235 41.5

Oct. 2014

101,660

64,90563.8

5,995,074

9,313,375 64.4

138,983

234,080

3,128,767 143.5

2.1

48,205 43.1

Nov. 2014

98,56059,01859.9

5,569,950

8,644,049 64.4

127,160

218,486

2,934,783 146.5

2.2

49,727 43.8

Dec. 2014

101,903

60,91659.8

5,344,113

8,341,400 64.1

128,762

205,682

2,885,565 136.9

2.1

47,370 41.5

Jan. 2015

101,991

58,18657.1

4,965,970

7,826,118 63.5

124,174

206,9212,748,469 134.5

2.1

47,236 40.0

Feb. 2015

92,08055,29160.0

4,712,284

7,378,742 63.9

118,521

185,578

2,604,635 133.5

2.1

47,108 39.8

Mar. 2015

103,154

64,19962.2

5,675,497

8,866,482 64.0

157,850

215,655

3,110,189 138.1

2.5

48,446 36.0

(Notes) The transportation income as of 1989 includes consumption tax.
The standards for the rates of actual vehicles are different because the actual vehicles in kilometers were calculated as
the zones from dispatch to return from between 1981 and 1995.
Gross number of actual vehicles in existence = number of days in existence × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual operations = gross number of actual vehicles in operation / gross number of actual vehicles in existence × 100
Gross number of actual vehicles in operation = number of days in operation × number of commercial vehicles
Rate of actual vehicles = actual vehicles in kilometers / distance in kilometers × 100
Rate of operations of 1 vehicle per day Distance in kilometers = distance in kilometers / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of transports = number of transports / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Transportation income = transportation income / gross number of actual vehicles in operation
Number of kilometers by actual vehicles per vehicle = actual vehicles in kilometers / number of transports
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Reference materials

Jul. 2014
Aug. 201442

Changes in taxi fares in TokyoA p p l i c a t i o n
D a t eF a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Increaserate

10/30/52
2/20/62(56.25)
10:8.3 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4m in length, 1.5m in
1.6km - 90 yen initial (46.51)
width, 1,000cc engine
430m - 20 yen
Waiting: 20 yen / 2 min. (600 yen / hr.)25.0%

3/18/66(70.00)2km - 140 yen

10:7.1 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passengers
initial (50.00)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
400m - 20 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

35.7%

2/19/71(100.00)
2km - 200 yen

10:10 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: compact vehicle under
initial (100.00)
the Road Trucking Vehicle Act
300m - 30 yen
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. (1,200 yen / hr.)

83.7%

12/8/73(133.33)
1.8km - 240
yen

10:10 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.1m in length, 1.5m in width
initial (133.33)
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
300m - 40 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 40 yen / 1 min. 48 sec. (1,333 yen / hr.)77.3%
(additional
application)
49.7.31

12/26/73

Plus 64.7% of the Vehicle classiﬁcation:
fare on the meterin width4.1m in length, 1.5m

64.7%

7/31/74(144.44)
1.8km - 260
yen

10:9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.2m in length
initial (129.87)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra as a standard
385m - 50 yen
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. (1,500 yen / hr.)

77.3%

9/29/76(175.00)
2km - 350 yen

10:8.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.2m in length, 1.6m in width
initial (155.84)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
385m - 60 yen
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 19 sec. (1,522 yen / hr.)

26.5%

1/24/79to
2/1/79(separateapplication)(190.00)
2km - 380 yen
to(200.00)
2km - 400 yen

10:9.2-9.3 contrast
with initial (175.00)
400m - 70 yen
to(186.67)357m - 70 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (1,680 yen / hr.)to
70 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (1,867 yen / hr.)

16.4%
to
24.3%

10/2/80
to10/17/80(separateapplication)(220.00)
2km - 440 yen
to(230.00)
2km - 460 yen

10:9.0-9.4 contrast
with initial (197.53)405m - 80 yen
to(216.22)370m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 26 sec. (1,973 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 13 sec. (2,165 yen / hr.)

16.0%
to
25.9%

(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

43

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t eF a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

11/16/52(40.00)2km - 80 yen

10:10 contrast with Waiting: 20 yen / 5 min. (240 yen / hr.)
initial (40.00)500m - 20 yen

12/25/63(1/1/64)(50.00)2km - 100 yen

10:8.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passeninitial (44.44)
gers, 1.5m in width
450m - 20 yen
Waiting: 20 yen / 4 min. (300 yen / hr.)

１５.０％

1/9/70(3/1-15/70)(65.00)2km - 130 yen

10:6.9 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: capacity of 6 passengers
initial (44.94)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11445m - 20 yen
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 20 yen / 3 min. (400 yen / hr.)

22.5%

1/26/72(2/5/72)(85.00)2km - 170 yen

10:8.1 contrast with Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
initial (68.97)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5435m - 30 yena.m.
With time factored in: 30 yen / 2 min. 30 sec. (720 yen / hr.)

43.7%

−

−

−

1/22/74(1/29/74)(110.00)
2km - 220 yen

10:8.1 contrast withinitial (88.97)
1.29 times the fareon the meter

9/28/74(11/1/74)(140.00)
2km - 280 yen

10:8.7 contrast withinitial(121.95)
410m - 50 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 50 yen / 2 min. 25 sec. (1,240 yen / hr.)

33.9%

4/26/77(5/6/77)(165.00)
2km - 330 yen

10:9 contrast withinitial(148.15)405m - 60 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.3m in length, 1.6m in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 11
p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 60 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,440 yen / hr.)

20.1%

8/24/79(9/1/79)(190.00)
2km - 380 yen

10:8.9 contrast withinitial(168.67)415m - 70 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m in length, 1.6m
in width
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 70 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,680 yen / hr.)

14.3%

8/25/81(9/2/81)(215.00)
2km - 430 yen

10:9.2 contrast withinitial(197.53)405m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 30 sec.
(1,920 yen / hr.)

15.7%

−

−
29.0%

Reference materials

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

44A p p l i c a t i o n
D a t eF a r eS y s t e m ,e t c .

I n i t i a l

A d d e d

9/10/83
to10/18/83(separateapplication)(240.00)
2km - 480 yen
to(255.00)
2km - 510 yen

10:9.1-9.3 contrast
with initial (219.51)
410m - 90 yen
to(236.84)
380m - 90 yen

2/13/89to
2/15/89

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

3/12/90
to3/27/90

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.

12/10/91
to
12/18/91

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen.
(310.00)
2km - 620 yen
to(315.00)
2km - 630 yen

10:8.4-8.8 contrast
with initial(260.87)345m - 90 yen
to(276.92)325m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. (2,700 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 55 sec. (2,817 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 50 sec. (6,480 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 45 sec. (7,200 yen / hr.)

17.0%
to
22.9%

3/28/94
to
6/7/94(350.00)
2km - 700 yen
to(370.00)
2km - 740 yen

10:8.7-8.8 contrast
with initial(304.05)296m - 90 yen
to(324.91)277m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,592 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (3,240 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 55 sec. (5,891 yen / hr.)Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:
General reservations: 700 yen - 900 yen each time
Early-morning reservations: 1,000 yen - 1,200 yen each time
Fees for wagon dispatching services: 300 yen to 400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides: 5% to 15% for fares exceeding ten
thousand yen
Discounts for high-speed rides: 3% to 5% for rides exceeding 30kph
or 30kph

11.5%
to
23.7%

2km - 470 yen(260.00)
2km - 520 yen
to(270.00)
2km - 540 yen

370m - 80 yen

10:8.9-9.0 contrast
with initial(231.88)345m - 80 yen
to(242.42)330m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length, capacity of 6
passengers or less
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
90 yen / 2 min. 20 sec. (2,160 yen / hr.)to
90 yen / 2 min. 15 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

42.0%
to
20.8%

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec.

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:
80 yen / 2 min. 5 sec. (2,304 yen / hr.)to
80 yen / 2 min. 0 sec. (2,400 yen / hr.)(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

45

Increase
rate

11.0%
to
16.9%

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t e2/10/84(2/18/84)

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d(235.00)
2km - 470 yen

10:9.2 contrast withinitial(216.22)370m - 80 yen

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 15 sec.
(2,133 yen / hr.)

9.5%

3/17/89(4/1/89)

As applied

5/18/90(5/26/90)

The amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 103 percent and rounded oﬀ
to the nearest units of 10 yen.
(260.00)
2km - 520 yen

10:8.7 contrast withinitial(233.35)355m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 2 min. 10 sec.
(2,215 yen / hr.)

9.6%

4/25/92(5/26/92)(300.00)
2km - 600 yen

10:8.6 contrast withinitial(259.37)347m - 90 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 2 min. 5 sec.
(2,592 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
90 yen / 1 min. 10 sec. (4,629
yen / hr.)

12.3%

2/21/95(3/18/95)(325.00)
2km - 650 yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(285.71)280m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra
between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec.
(2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 55 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general,
early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding
9,000 yen

9.4%

Reference materials
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

46

A p p l i c a t i o n
D a t e2/3/97to
3/3/97

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Increase
rate

Changed to the amounts where the fares and fees calculated below are multiplied by 105/103 percent
and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of 10 yen. However, added fares in distance-based fares are calculated with a distance-reduction system, and time and distance-based fares with a time-reduction system.
(325.00)
2km - 650
yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(285.71)280m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

2/24/97
to
3/14/971km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
250m - 80 yen
10:8.6 contrast withinitial(291.97)(2) As of 2km
274m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in:(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 29 sec.
(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 38 sec. (2,939 yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 49 sec. (5,878 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations (general, early-morning):
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
400 yen each time
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

8/31/06to(11/30/06)

2km - 750 yen 238m to 276m - 90 Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below (standardsized vehicles)
to 810 yen
yen
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and 5a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 30 sec. to 1 min. 40 sec.
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

7.2%
to
28.6%

(Note) 1. The figure in the ( ) of the date of approval indicates the date of implementation.
2. The figure in the ( ) of the fare indicates the distance in kilometers.

S u b m i t t e d

47

D a t eAuthorized unregulated fare

2/28/14(publicly
announced)
to
3/31/14

The amounts where the initial fares of
the current automatic approved fares
are multiplied by 108/105 percent
and rounded oﬀ to the nearest unit of
10 yen become the revised initial
fares, and adjustments are made sothat increased revenues due to theserevisions become the total income ofstandard business operators and theconsumption tax rates being within
the range of the increased consumption tax rates, along with the settingof revised added distances.

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

S y s t e m ,e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or
below (standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra
between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec.
(limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding
9,000 yen

Increase rate
Consumption
tax shifts

Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association

A p p r o v a l
D a t e3/10/97(4/1/97)

F a r eI n i t i a l

A d d e d(330.00)
2km - 660 yen

10:8.8 contrast withinitial(291.97)274m - 80 yen

S y s t e m ,Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880
yen / hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time

1.94%

Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen
3/14/97(4/1/97)1km - 340 yen(1) Under 2km
250m - 80 yen
10:8.6 contrast withinitial(291.97)(2) As of 2km
274m - 80 yen

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 4.6m or more in length
Late night / early morning: 30% extra between 11 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in:(1) Under 2km: 80 yen / 1 min. 30 sec.
(2) 2km or more: 80 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (2,880 yen/ hr.)
Waiting fees for wireless vehicles:
80 yen / 50 sec. (5,760 yen / hr.)Fees for service-speciﬁed reservations:
Fees for time-speciﬁed reservations:(general, early-morning) 400 yen each time
Fees for wagon-speciﬁed reservations:
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

1.94%

10/19/07(publicly
announced)
11/2/07(12/3/07)

2km - 710 yen

288m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m.
and 5 a.m.
With time factored in: 90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited
to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

7.22%

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n
D a t e4/1/14

Authorized unregulated fareA d d e d

2km - 730 yen(limited tostandard-sized
vehicles)[Special zones /Busan district]
280m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)[Tama district]
276m - 90 yen(limited to standardsized vehicles)

Increaserate

e t c .

Vehicle classiﬁcation: 2-liter displacement or below(standard-sized vehicles)
Late night / early morning: 20% extra between 10 p.m. and5 a.m.
With time factored in:[Special zones / Busan district]
90 yen / 1 min. 45 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)[Tama district]
90 yen / 1 min. 40 sec. (limited to standard-sized vehicles)
Discounts for long-distance rides:
10% discount for fares exceeding 9,000 yen

Consumption
tax shifts

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Reference materials

I n i t i a l

S y s t e m ,48

Authorized unregulated fares in Tokyo (special zones / Busan transportation area)
1. Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

Initial fares (1hr.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

810 yen251m - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

5,050 yen

2,360 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

800 yen254ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

5,000 yen

2,330 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

790 yen257ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

4,950 yen

2,300 yen / 30 min.

Fare D780 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

4,900 yen

2,270 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

770 yen265ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)

770 yen

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

265ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Initial fares (1hr.)

Added fares

4,850 yen

2,230 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

760 yen268ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

4,800 yen

2,200 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

750 yen272ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C4,750 yen

2,170 yen / 30 min.

Fare D740 yen276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D4,700 yen

2,140 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

730 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

4,650 yen

2,110 yen / 30 min.

(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

730 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Added fares

4,650 yen

2,110 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

720 yen284ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

4,600 yen

2,080 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

710 yen288ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C4,550 yen

2,050 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

700 yen292ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D4,500 yen

2,020 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

4,450 yen

1,990 yen / 30 min.

2. Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.749㎞ - 720 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

251ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.746㎞ - 710 yen

254ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.743㎞ - 700 yen

257ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.739㎞ - 690 yen

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.735㎞ - 680 yen

265ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.735㎞ - 680 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

265ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.732㎞ - 670 yen

268ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.728㎞ - 660 yen

272ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.724㎞ - 650 yen

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

1.72㎞ - 640 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares

49

Initial fares (1hr.)

Initial fares

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

A (maximum fare)

1.72㎞ - 640 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.716㎞ - 630 yen

284ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.712㎞ - 620 yen

288ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.708㎞ - 610 yen

292ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Authorized unregulated fares in Tokyo (Kita-tama, Minami-tama, and Nishi-tama transportation areas)
1. Taxis(1) Specific large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

810 yen248ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

3,210 yen

3,210 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

800 yen251ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

3,170 yen

3,170 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

790 yen254ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C3,130 yen

3,130 yen / 30 min.

Fare D780 yen258ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D

3,090 yen

3,090 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

770 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

3,050 yen

3,050 yen / 30 min.

(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

770 yen261ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

A (maximum fare)

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

3,040 yen

3,040 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

760 yen

264ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

3,000 yen

3,000 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

750 yen268ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

2,960 yen

2,960 yen / 30 min.

Fare D740 yen272ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D

2,920 yen

2,920 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

730 yen276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

2,880 yen

2,880 yen / 30 min.

(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares (2.0km) Added fares
A (maximum fare)

730 yen

Time-based fares

Time and distancebased fare system

276ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Initial fares (30 min.)

Added fares

A (maximum fare)

2,880 yen

2,880 yen / 30 min.

Fare B

720 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

2,840 yen

2,840 yen / 30 min.

Fare C

710 yen284ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

2,800 yen

2,800 yen / 30 min.

Minimum fares

700 yen288ｍ - 90 yen 1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares

2,760 yen

2,760 yen / 30 min.

2. Taxis (shortened base distances)(1) Specific large-sized vehicles

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.752㎞ - 720 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

248ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.749㎞ - 710 yen

251ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 30 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.746㎞ - 700 yen

254ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.742㎞ - 690 yen

258ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.739㎞ - 680 yen

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen(2) Large-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
Initial fares
A (maximum fare) 1.739㎞ - 680 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

261ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.736㎞ - 670 yen

264ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 35 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.732㎞ - 660 yen

268ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare D1.728㎞ - 650 yen

272ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.724㎞ - 640 yen

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen(3) Standard-sized vehicles
Distance-based fares
A (maximum fare) 1.724㎞ - 640 yen

Added fares

Time and distancebased fare system

276ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 40 sec. - 90 yen

Fare B

1.72㎞ - 630 yen

280ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Fare C

1.716㎞ - 620 yen

284ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Minimum fares 1.712㎞ - 610 yen

288ｍ - 90 yen

1 min. 45 sec. - 90 yen

Reference materials

Initial fares

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

50

Fixed taxi fares in Tokyo○Special zones / Busan district - Narita Airport

Zones

A

B

C

D

Regions

Vehicleclassification

Specific largeKatsushika-ku, Edogawa-ku, sized vehicles
Sumida-ku, Koto-ku,
Large-sized
vehiclesDaiba Minato-ku, Higashi
StandardYashio Shinagawa-ku
sized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Adachi-ku, Arakawa-ku,
Large-sized
Taito-ku, Bunkyo-ku,
vehiclesChiyoda-ku, Chuo-ku
Standardsized vehicle
Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Specific largesized vehicles
Shinjuku-ku, ShibuyaLarge-sizedku, Minato-ku (excluding
vehiclesDaiba), Meguro-ku,(effective as of April 18, 2014)

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums(yen)

17,00021,10015,30018,90016,00019,00014,40017,10016,00019,00014,40017,10021,00025,90018,90023,30019,00023,30017,10020,90019,00023,30017,10020,90023,00028,10020,70025,20021,00025,20018,90022,600Fares applicable
Fares
tolate night andapplicable toearly morning
premiums forpremiums andthe disabled premiums for the(yen)disabled (yen)Shinagawa-ku (excluding
Higashi Yashio), Ota-ku

Standardsized vehicle

21,00025,20018,90022,600Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku, Musashinoshi, Mitaka-shi

Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle

25,00030,20022,50027,10022,00027,20019,80024,40022,00027,20019,80024,400(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.

○Special zones / Busan district - Tokyo Disney Resort

Zones

1

2

3

Regions

Kita-ku, Toshima-ku,
Shinjuku-ku, Shibuya-ku,
Meguro-ku

Itabashi-ku, Nerima-ku,
Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku,
Setagaya-ku

Musashino-shi, Mitaka-shi(effective as of April 18, 2014)

Vehicleclassification

Fixed fares
(yen)

Fares
applicable tolate night andearly morning
premiums(yen)Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle
Specific largesized vehicles
Large-sized
vehiclesStandardsized vehicle

7,500

9,000

6,700

8,100

6,500

8,000

5,800

7,200

6,500

8,000

5,800

7,200

8,500

10,100

7,600

9,000

7,500

9,100

6,700

8,100

7,500

9,100

6,700

8,100

11,50013,60010,30012,20010,00012,4009,000

11,10010,00012,4009,000

11,100Fares applicable
Fares
tolate night andapplicable toearly morning
premiums forpremiums andthe disabled premiums for the(yen)disabled (yen)(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.

51

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

○Special zones / Busan district - Haneda Airport
Service Zone

Fixed fares (yen)Edogawa-ku
Taito-ku
Sumida-ku
Bunkyo-ku
Chiyoda-ku
Shinjuku-ku
Shibuya-ku
Adachi-ku
Katsushika-ku
Arakawa-ku
Kita-kuToshima-ku
Nakano-ku
Suginami-ku
Setagaya-ku
Itabashi-ku
Nerima-ku
Musashino-shi
Mitaka-shi

6,700
6,900
6,800
7,000
5,600
6,800
6,400
8,500
8,700
7,900
8,400
8,500
7,500
8,200
6,600
9,400
9,800
10,700
10,200Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
6,000
6,200
6,100
6,300
5,000
6,100
5,700
7,600
7,800
7,100
7,500
7,600
6,700
7,300
5,900
8,400
8,800
9,600
9,100

Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)12,50014,90014,50014,50015,80015,60017,00017,80017,10017,10018,80021,00019,80021,30022,70023,30023,50024,40024,40024,70025,40013,30019,70019,70020,70024,70015,40017,10018,400Fares applicable topremiums for thedisabled (yen)
9,500
11,20011,00010,90011,90011,80012,80013,50012,90013,00014,20015,80015,000
16,10017,10017,60017,70018,40018,40018,60019,10010,10014,90014,80015,60018,60011,60012,90013,900○Santama Zone - Haneda Airport
Fixed fares (yen)Chofu-shi
Fuchu-shi
Koganei-shi
Nishitokyo-shi
Higashikurume-shi
Kodaira-shi
Kokubunji-shi
Kunitachi-shi
Kiyose-shi
Higashimurayama-shi
Tachikawa-shi
Higashiyamato-shi
Akishima-shi
Musashimurayama-shi
Fussa-shi
Akiruno-shi (Eastern)
Akiruno-shi (Western)
Mizuho-machi
Hamura-shi
Hinode-machi
Ome-shi
Machida-shi (Eastern)
Machida-shi (Western)
Hachioji-shi (Eastern)
Hachioji-shi (Central)
Hachioji-shi (Western)
Inagi-shiTama-shiHino-shi

10,60012,50012,30012,20013,30013,20014,30015,00014,40014,50015,80017,60016,70017,90019,10019,60019,70020,50020,50020,70021,30011,30016,60016,50017,40020,70012,90014,40015,500Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)
7,200
7,300
7,300
7,400
6,100
7,300
6,800
9,000
9,100
8,400
8,900
9,000
8,100
8,700
7,200
9,900
10,40011,30010,800(effective as of March 8, 2015)

Fares applicable to late night andearly morning premiums andpremiums for the disabled (yen)11,20013,40013,00013,00014,20014,00015,30016,00015,30015,30016,90018,90017,80019,10020,40020,90021,10021,90021,90022,20022,80011,90017,70017,70018,60022,20013,80015,30016,500(Note) 1. Late-night and early-morning fares are charged between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.
2. Extra fees such as highway tolls are paid for by the passenger.
3. People with physical, intellectual, or mental disability certificates are eligible for discounts for the disabled uponpresentation of their certificates.
T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Reference materials

Service Zone

(effective as of March 8, 2015)

Fares applicable to latenight and early morning
premiums (yen)
8,000
8,200
8,200
8,300
6,800
8,200
7,600
10,000
10,2009,400
9,900
10,100
9,000
9,700
8,000
11,10011,60012,60012,00052

Hired taxi fares in Tokyo(large-sized vehicles)(effective as of April 1, 2014)

Time-based fare A

Time-based fare B

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

4 hr. or 60 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

6,450 yen

2,930 yen

21,130 yen

2,670 yen

37,120 yen

2,410 yen

Fare B

6,350 yen

2,890 yen

20,780 yen

2,630 yen

36,500 yen

2,380 yen

Fare C6,240 yen

2,840 yen

20,430 yen

2,590 yen

35,890 yen

2,330 yen

Fare D

6,130 yen

2,790 yen

20,080 yen

2,540 yen

35,270 yen

2,290 yen

Fare E

6,030 yen

2,740 yen

19,720 yen

2,500 yen

34,650 yen

2,250 yen

Fare F

5,910 yen

2,690 yen

19,370 yen

2,460 yen

34,040 yen

2,210 yen

Fare G

5,810 yen

2,640 yen

19,020 yen

2,410 yen

33,420 yen

2,170 yen

Minimum fares

5,700 yen

2,590 yen

18,660 yen

2,370 yen

32,770 yen

2,130 yen

Long-term contract fare A

Long-term contract fare B

Initial fares

Added fares

Initial fares

Added fares

1 hr. or 15 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

8 hr. or 120 ㎞

30 min. or 7.5 ㎞

A (maximum fare)

5,250 yen

2,620 yen

29,620 yen

2,360 yen

Fare B

5,160 yen

2,580 yen

29,130 yen

2,320 yen

Fare C

5,080 yen

2,540 yen

28,650 yen

2,280 yen

Fare D

4,990 yen

2,500 yen

28,140 yen

2,240 yen

Fare E

4,900 yen

2,450 yen

27,650 yen

2,200 yen

Fare F

4,810 yen

2,410 yen

27,160 yen

2,160 yen

Fare G

4,720 yen

2,370 yen

26,660 yen

2,130 yen

Minimum fares

4,630 yen

2,310 yen

26,160 yen

2,090 yen

Distance-based fares
Initial fares
7.5㎞

53

Time-based fare C

Wait fares
Added fares

A (maximum fare)

4,250 yen

472ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 40 sec. - 230 yen

Fare B

4,190 yen

480ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 45 sec. - 230 yen

Fare C

4,110 yen

488ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare D

4,040 yen

497ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 50 sec. - 230 yen

Fare E

3,970 yen

506ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare F

3,900 yen

515ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Fare G

3,830 yen

524ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

Minimum fares

3,750 yen

535ｍ - 230 yen

2 min. 55 sec. - 230 yen

T A X I C A B S I N T O K Y O 2 015

Interactions with taxi industries of other countries.

5/31

1991

9/12

A team that inspects the condition of hiredt a x i s i n E u r o p e ( t e a m l e a d e r : M r. K u n i oFujimoto) inspects condition in London,
Paris, and Frankfurt, and attends the central
conference of the ITLA (International Taxi andLivery Association).

6/12

Vice-President Yasuoka visits the UnitedStates to inspect the condition of taxis in thecity of Atlanta.

1998

Mr. Gong Park of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the condition of taxis in Tokyo.

2000

4/3

2003

11/5

President Niikura visits South Korea to sign
an agreement to extend the coalition with
the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership.
Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the local condition of the industry.

The Korea Local Authorities Foundation forInternational Relations visits the Association
to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

7/19

The Beijing Traffic Management Bureau anda research team for urban development
observation overseas visit the Association toinspect the industry in Tokyo.

8/16

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership visits the Association toobserve the industry in Tokyo.

4/6

An observation team (team leader: VicePresident Kawanabe) of the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association consisting of the Vice-President
and expert chairpersons make an official
visit to the New York City Taxi and Limousine
Commission (TLC) on April 8 and New York
Cityʼs Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Tradeon April 9 to observe the condition of the taxi
industry in New York City, United States.

to

4/12

2014

2001

5/15

An observation team from the South Korean
Federation of Taxi Workers' Unions visits the
Association to inspect local issues related
to labor, issues concerning the loosening oflabor regulations, etc.

6/10

2013

1999

Mr. Peilian Wang of the Dalian Television
Network in the Republic of China and others
visit the Association to inspect the conditionof taxis in Tokyo.

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea visits
Japan to sign an agreement for the extensionof the coalition.

12/21 An observation team representing the taxi
industry in Chinaʼs Wuhan City visits the
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

Mr. Chao-tung Wang of the Volunteer Traﬃc
Guard Division, Taipei Municipal Government
P o l i c e i n Ta i w a n a n d o t h e r s v i s i t t h e
Association to inspect the condition of taxis
in Tokyo.

5/20

5/26

2012

1995
8/7

The Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership in South Korea visits
Japan to sign an agreement to extend thecoalition.

Professor Walter Cock of Kingston University
in England visits the Association to inspect
the local condition of the industry.

11/6

2009

1992
8/5

European taxi business operators (Mr. Peter
from Germany, Mr. Kavan from Switzerland,
Mr. Schlecht from Austria, Mr. Rude from
France, etc.) come to Japan to inspect theindustry in Tokyo.

6/29

2007

4/6

Director Lee of the Seoul Special City Taxi
Transportation Business Partnership in South
Korea and others visit the Association toinspect the condition of the industry in Tokyo.

10/26 A survey team from the Beijing City Transport
Committee in China visits the Association toinspect the local industry.

President Niikura and others visit South Korea
to sign an agreement to extend the coalition
with the Seoul Special City Taxi Transportation
Business Partnership.

11/20 President Niikura and others visit Taiwan tosign an agreement to extend the coalition with
the Taipei City Taxi Transportation Federation.

3/8

2006

to
7/27

2005

1990
7/23

A world taxi conference with representatives
from various countries is held (Director
Kuang-Lieh Lee and two others from South
Korea, Executive Director Betty Lawrence
from the United States, Executive VicePresident Alfred B. LaGasse III from the ITA,
Chairman Geoffrey W. Trotter from England,
and Chairman Phillip Kabin from Germany).

5/18

T h e S i n g a p o r e Ta x i A c a d e m y v i s i t s t h e
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

8/11

T h e Ko r e a Tr a n s p o r t I n s t i t u t e v i s i t s t h e
Association to inspect the industry in Tokyo.

11/15 An observation team (team leader: VicePresident Kawanabe) consisting of businessto
11/20 operators registered in the Tokyo Hire-Taxi
Association make oﬃcial visits to organizations
such as the TfL (traffic bureau of London),the LTDA (Licensed Taxi Drivers Association),and Taxi Trade Promotions Ltd to observe thecondition of the taxi industry in London, England.

Tokyo s taxis in 2015
Issued in July 2015

4-8-13 Kudanminami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0074, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3264-8080 URL: http://www.taxi-tokyo.or.jp/english/

Reference materials

Ichiro Kawanabe
Editor :Hirohiko Fujiwara
Publishing office: Tokyo Hire-Taxi Association
Issuer :oure t
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