Joint Field Surveys of Storm Surge,Waves, Inundation and WindDamages – An Undertaking
towards Reconstruction
Eric C. Cruz
Ferdinand A. Briones
Romeo S. Momo
David G. Sanchez
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) 100th Anniversary Celebration
Roundtable Meeting, 2014 November 19-21, Tokyo, Japan1

Outline of presentation
1. Background
2. Post-disaster response at Ground Zero
3. Field surveys and data analysis
4. Inventory of damaged public infrastructures
5. Conclusions
6. Moving forward – key plans2Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan: 2013 Nov 04-11 (8 days)

Track of Typhoon
Haiyan/Yolanda
around primarysites of Joint PICEJSCE Field Surveys

Birth:

2013-11-04

Lifetime:

7.250 (days)

Minimum Pressure:895 (hPa)

Maximum Wind:

231 kphAverage Speed:32.2 (km/h)
3Damage due to Typhoon Yolanda

Tacloban coast

Tacloban Astrodome(convention building)Guiuan (Samar) coast

Tacloban Airport
Source: www.nbcnews.com
4Post-disaster Response at Ground Zero5

PICE-JSCE Joint Field Surveys
Activity

PeriodCities/towns inspected

Field Survey 12013
4 weeks afterDec. 11-16 typhoon

Leyte: Tacloban, Palo
Samar: Basey, Marabut, Guiuan,Candahug

Field Survey 2

2014
Jan. 22-29

10 weeks aftertyphoon

Leyte: Tacloban, Anibong, Palo, Bulag,Abuyog
Samar: Guiuan, Hernani, Salcedo,
Candahug
Iloilo: Estancia
Capiz: San Dionisio

Field Survey 3

2014 July
8-11

34 weeks aftertyphoon

Leyte: Tacloban
Samar: Hernani, Salcedo

6

Objectives of the Joint Field Surveys
1. To obtain data of water surface elevations at variouslocations
2. To install a tide gage at Tacloban Port
3. To obtain field data resolving storm surge and waves
4. To obtain inland flooding depth and map the extent ofinundation.
5. To document damage due to severe winds
6. To conduct interviews of local residents and witnesses
7. To get storm surge data at coasts seen to be critical per
numerical analyses
8. To get wave data near coasts considered critical per
numerical analyses
7Field Survey 1 Team• Dr. Benito M. Pacheco, PICE, UPD, •Coordinator• Engr. Noel M. Ortigas, PICE-ISG, •Team Leader• Dr. Eric C. Cruz, PICE-ISG, UPD•• Dr. Ronwaldo Aquino, PICE, ASEP•• Engr. William Mata, PICE, UPD•• Mr. Justin Valdez, PICE UPD
Student Chap.
•• Engr. Ferdinand Briones, PICE,DPWH

Dr. Yoshimitsu Tajima, JSCE, Tokyo
U., Team Leader
Dr. Tomohiro Yasuda, JSCE, DPRI,
Sub-team leader
Dr. Hisamitsu Minakawa, JSCE,Ibaraki U.
Dr. Koji Kawasaki, JSCE, Nagoya U.
Dr. Mamoru Miyamoto, JSCE,ICHARM
Mr. Jun Asano, Oriental
Consultants

8Field Survey 2 TeamTeam 1:•••••

Dr. Eric C. Cruz*, PICE-ISG, UPD, TeamLeader
Engr. Aragorn Inocencio, PICE, UPD-ICE
Engr. Ferdinand Briones*, PICE, DPWHReg.8
Engr. Jim De Veyra, DPWH-Reg.8
Engr. Allan Chan*, DPWH-SamarDistrict

Logistical Support:

••
•
••

Ms. Nannette Villanueva, PICE-National
Engr. Jun Lago, DPWH-Reg.8
Engr. Eddie Lagrimas, DPWH-East
Samar
Engr. Lea Delfinado, DPWH-Reg.6
Engr. Jose Fruto, DPWH-Reg.6

••
•

•
•

Dr. Yoshimitsu Tajima*, JSCE, Tokyo U.,
Team Leader
Dr. Jun Sasaki (Professor, UT, CoastalEngineering)
Dr. Hisamitsu Minakawa* (Assoc.
Prof., Ibaraki Univ., CoastalEngineering)
Dr. Takenori Shimozono (Assist. Prof.,UT, Coastal Engineering)
Dr. Andrew Kennedy (Assoc. Prof.,
Univ. Notre Dame, CoastalEngineering)

Team 2:••••

Dr. Tomohiro Yasuda*, JSCE, DPRI,Team Leader
Dr. Nobuhito Mori, JSCE, KU-DPRI
Dr. Kazuyoshi Nishijima, JSCE, KUDPRI
Dr. Daiki Tsujio, JSCE, Pacific
Consultants Co., Ltd.

9

Survey Routes

FS 2

FS 1

FS 2

10

Field Survey Photos 2013.12.12-15

11Field Survey Photos 2013.12.12-15

Damages of the seawall at Candahug (top two panels) and collapsed seawall and houses andsevere scour and erosions along the coastline of Tacloban, Barangay #87 (bottom two panels)[from Tajima et al, 2014]12

Field Survey Photos 2014.01.24-29

13

Field Data
Survey data

ID1

2

3

4

5

Tidal correction (this column can Water
leave blank)
Area
Tidal
Correct
leve Astronimical tidal level1edl atat event
saltwaheightsurv
ter/2ey
freshwater
locatio a+b-c[m] date time [m]n(m)(OptioMeasu nal)
(Opti (Optio
red Measu (Optioonal) nal)
latitudelongitudeTypGroupheight red nnal)
Terra Distan
Reli
Comments
Locatioe ofname
date time from height Wave
ince
TargetReasonabilindat
sea from height
eleva fromty*2
alevel the [m]tion shoreli
mimideg
sec degsec[m] groun[m] nennd [m]
2013
2013
Mayor
46.3
watermark observed bywitness was not at theTanaua
10 53 18.68125 0/12/ 15:57 1.35 0.00
RdebrisA JSCE
0.28 /11/ 6:00 -0.15
ga4
witness after the surge
site during the stormn1582013
witness was in the2013
TanauaDulag 10 57 18.69125 2 8.40 /12/ 14:47 2.99 1.01
I
witness house(kiosk) during theA JSCE
0.14 /11/ 6:00 -0.15
n15
storm.
82013
2013
San
20.7
witness found the water
witness was not at theTanaua
10 59 6.12 125 2/12/ 14:22 4.60 2.06
I
watermark
B JSCE
0.09 /11/ 6:00 -0.15
Jose7mark after the surge
site during the storm
n15
82013
2013
San
19.4
witness found the water
witness was not at theTanaua
10 59 5.40 125 2/12/ 14:22 3.86 1.75
Iwatermark
B JSCE
0.09 /11/ 6:00 -0.15
Jose6mark after the surge
site during the stormn15
8witness evacuated on the2013
roof of the house and2013
Opong
14.8
Tanaua11 1 10.59125 2/12/ 13:40 3.35 2.22
I
watermark found the water markA JSCE
0.00 /11/ 6:00 -0.15
Tolosa8n15
inside the house after the8surge wasreceded

1.8

1

3.3

1

4.8

1

4.1

1

3.5

1

*1 Type of record
R: runup
I: inundation height
P: no inudation but measurable at the port
W: very small
V: including wave effects*2 Reliability
A: (High) clear mark, small error of survey
B: (Medium) unclearmak, small error of survey
C: (Low) unclear mark, hearing from witness or runup at the beach, large errorof survey
D: (Very low) unclear mark, low confidence, large error of survey

14

Field Data(photo of installed tide gage at
Tacloban Port)

elev.(m)

1obs.
pred.
0.5
0-0.5
12

13

14

15

16

17

dates (2013 Dec)

Figure 3 Comparisons of measured andpredicted tide at the Tacloban port.

15

Data Analysis and Initial Findings

Storm surge inundation map in Tacloban and Palo based on interview (Red: >1.5 m; Orange:0.5–1.5 m; Yellow: less than 0.5 m) [from Yasuda et al, 2014]16

Data Analysis and Initial Findings

Storm surge inundation border along the Pan-Philippine (Mahalika) Highway in north Palo[from Tajima eta al, 2014]17

Data Analysis and Initial Findings

Higher ground behind the downtown of Tacloban [from Tajima et al, 2014]18

Inventory of Damaged Public Infrastructures• National roads• Public buildings– School buildings• Tacloban Airport– Terminal building and facilities– Runway– Seawall• Tacloban Port
• Guiuan19

CONCLUSIONS
1. PH should have a quick-dispatch field survey system
to obtain field data of disasters for purposes ofanalyses, response, rehabilitation and mitigation
purposes.
2. Field data of the hazards’ magnitudes, including
witnesses’ recollections of the events, are reliable if
obtained within a few weeks after the disastrous
event.
3. Collaborative efforts in field surveys after coastal
disasters are useful to PH.
4. PH should educate and train more coastal engineers.
20Key Plans in 2014-2015
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Continue processing of field survey data from Yolanda in Aklan
areas; synthesize all data and disseminate
Develop a storm surge model suited to PH conditions.
Carry out simulative analyses of storm surges; compare with
Yolanda field data.
Perform simulative analyses of storm waves; compare with
Yolanda field data.
Formulate mitigation strategies for key coasts (Tacloban, Samar)
Work for the construction of a Coastal Engineering Laboratory
Continue to collaborate with coastal research institutions

21