⺰  ᢥഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇ*⇌ ㄘ ㍈ ⍫**᣿ᴦᄢቇ໡ቇㇱഥᢎ᝼㧝㧚ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻ㧦⛔⸘⊛੐ታ ࡃࡉ࡞፣უએ㒠㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߦߪ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥᄌൻ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘߹ߕ㧘ၮᧄߣߥࠆ⛔⸘⊛੐ታߦߟ޿ߡ⏕⹺ߒߡ߅ߎ߁‫ޕ‬ ࿑ 1 ߪ㔌⡯₸ߩផ⒖ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ࠃࠅ㧘ㄭᐕߩᵹേൻㅴዷߩ௑ะࠍ⏕⹺ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅚᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪᓴⅣ⊛ߥᄌൻߦㆊ߉ߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ߇㧘↵ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ௑ะ⊛ߦᵹേൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘ࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘㔌⡯₸ࠍ৻⥸ഭ௛⠪ߣࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߦಽߌߡ⠨߃ߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬࿑ 2 ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘㛳ߊߴ߈ߎߣߦ㧘࿑ 1 ߢ⏕⹺ߒߚ᣿⍎ߥ㐳ᦼ࠻࡟ࡦ࠼ߪⷰኤߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߪߢࠇߘޕ‬㧘૗᡿㧘ᐔဋ⊛ߥ㔌⡯₸ߪ਄᣹ߒߚߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬ ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߪ㧘৻⥸ഭ௛⠪ߣࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߩ㑆ߢ㔌⡯₸ߩ᳓ḰߦᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠃߩߎޕ‬߁ߥ⁁ᴫߢߪ㧘৻⥸ഭ௛⠪ߣࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪ߩࠪࠚࠕ߇ᄌൻߔࠆߣ㧘ᐔဋ⊛ߥ㔌⡯₸߽ᄌൻߔࠆ‫ߎޕ‬ߩߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘࿑ 3 ߦߪోഭ௛⠪ߦභ߼ࠆࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪Ყ₸ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߦ਄᣹௑ะࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߩ㜞߹ࠅߪ㧘㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߣ޿߁ᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩჇടߦࠃࠅ㗼࿷ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳿ߒߡ㧘ߔߴߡߩഭ௛⠪ߩ⋥㕙ߔࠆᵹേᕈ߇Ⴧߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫߽߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᵹേൻߪ⧯ᐕጀߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߪᐕ㦂㓏⚖೎ߦ㔌⡯₸ߩᄌൻࠍ⷗ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߎߎޕ‬㧘㔌⡯₸ߩ਄᣹߇ 20 ઍ߹ߢߩ⧯ᐕጀߦ㗼⪺ߥ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߦ⺒ߺขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ㧘ᕆㅦߦㅴዷߔࠆ IT ൻߦࠃߞߡዞᬺⅣႺ߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽⷗ㅏߖߥ޿‫ޕ‬࿑ 4 ߪᖱႎൻᛩ⾗㗵ߩኻ GDP Ყ₸ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1990 ᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠㧘ᖱႎ㑐ㅪߩ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ߇ᕆㅦߦㅴࠎߛߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ⅣႺߢߪ㧘IT ߩᵴ↪⢻ജ߇ഭ௛⠪ߦߣߞߡᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪᗐ௝ߦ㔍ߊߥ޿‫ޕ‬*ᧄⓂߩ૞ᚑߦ޽ߚࠅ㧘㤗↢⦟ᢥ㧔⽷ോ⋭⽷ോ✚ว᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲ࡮ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ㧕㧘ਛ↰⌀૒↵㧔⽷ോ⋭⽷ോ✚ว᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲ㧕㧘ਛ᧛ൎస㧔⑔ፉᄢቇ㧕ߩవ↢ᣇ߆ࠄ⾆㊀ߥഥ⸒ࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ߡߒ⸥ޕ‬ᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ᧄⓂߪ╩⠪ߩ୘ੱ⊛⷗⸃ࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߔߴߡߩ⸥ㅀߩ⽿છߪ╩⠪ߦᏫߔࠆ‫ޕ‬** 1966 ᐕ↢߹ࠇ‫ޕ‬91 ᐕ৻ᯅᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇㇱතᬺ㧘98 ᐕ৻ᯅᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻⺖⒟න૏ขᓧㅌቇ㧘04 ᐕߦหᄢቇࠃࠅඳ჻㧔⚻ᷣቇ㧕‫ޕ‬98 ᐕ৻ᯅᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ഥᚻ㧘99 ᐕජ⪲ᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ⻠Ꮷ㧘01 ᐕหഥᢎ᝼ࠍ⚻ߡ 06 ᐕࠃࠅ⃻⡯‫ߩߘޕ‬㑆ߦ 02 ᐕ⽷ോ⋭⽷ോ✚ว᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲਥછ⎇ⓥቭ㧘04 ᐕห․೎⎇ⓥቭ‫ޕ‬ኾ᡹ߪ౏౒⚻ᷣቇ࡮⽷᡽ቇ‫ޕ‬ᚲዻቇળߪᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇળ㧘ᣣᧄ⽷᡽ቇળ㧘ᣣᧄ⛔⸘ቇળ㧘౏౒ㆬᛯቇળ‫ޕ‬ਥߥ⺰ᢥߦ‫⽷ޟ‬᡽ᡰ಴ߩ᳿ቯⷐ࿃‫ޠ‬㧔‫౒౏ޡ‬ㆬᛯߩ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬45 ภ㧘2005 ᐕ㧘౒⪺㧕㧘‫⽷ޟ‬᡽⿒ሼߩࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣലᨐ‫ޠ‬㧔‫࡟࡮࡞ࡖࠪࡦ࠽ࠖࡈޡ‬ࡆࡘ࡯‫ ╙ޢ‬74 ภ㧘2004 ᐕ㧘න⪺㧕㧘‫␠ޟ‬ળ⊛౉㒮ߩቯ㊂⊛ᛠីߣ⾌↪ផ⸘‫ޠ‬㧔‫ޡ‬ක≮⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬15 ภ㧘2004 ᐕ㧘න⪺㧕߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

࿑ 㔌⡯₸㪉㪉㪉㪇ᅚ㪈㪏䋦 㪈㪍↵ᅚ⸘㪈㪋↵㪈㪉㪈㪇㪈㪐㪐㪈㪈㪐㪐㪉㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪋㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪍㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪏㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪉㪉㪇㪇㪊㪉㪇㪇㪋ᐕ⾗ᢱ㧦ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭‫ޡ‬㓹↪േะ⺞ᩏ‫ޢ‬㧚࿑ 㔌⡯₸㧦৻⥸ഭ௛⠪ߣࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߩᲧセ㪋㪌㪋㪇䊌䊷䊃䉺䉟䊛䇭↵㪊㪌㪊㪇㪉㪌䋦䊌䊷䊃䉺䉟䊛䇭ᅚ㪉㪇㪈㪌৻⥸䇭ᅚ㪈㪇৻⥸䇭↵㪌㪇㪈㪐㪐㪈㪈㪐㪐㪉㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪋㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪍㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪏㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪇ᐕ⾗ᢱ㧦ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭‫ޡ‬㓹↪േะ⺞ᩏ‫ޢ‬㧚㧙㧙㪉㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪉㪉㪇㪇㪊㪉㪇㪇㪋ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇ࿑ ࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓഭ௛⠪Ყ₸㪊㪇㪉㪌㪉㪇䋦 㪈㪌㪈㪇㪌㪇㪈㪐㪐㪇㪈㪐㪐㪈㪈㪐㪐㪉㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪋㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪍㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪏㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪉ᐕ⾗ᢱ㧦ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭‫ޡ‬Ფ᦬ൕഭ⛔⸘⺞ᩏ‫ޢ‬㧚⴫ ᐕ㦂㓏⚖೎㔌⡯₸㧔㧑㧕

2004 ᐕ

1994 ᐕ

Ꮕ

(1)

(2)

(1)-(2)19 ᱦએਅ

35.2

27.4

7.8

20㨪24 ᱦ

31.7

20.0

11.7

25㨪29 ᱦ

20.4

16.8

3.6

30㨪34 ᱦ

13.4

12.5

0.9

35㨪39 ᱦ

11.2

10.0

1.2

40㨪44 ᱦ

9.8

9.0

0.8

45㨪49 ᱦ

8.8

8.6

0.2

50㨪54 ᱦ

9.7

7.9

1.8

55㨪59 ᱦ10.6

11.40.8⾗ᢱ㧦ෘ↢ഭ௛⋭‫ޡ‬㓹↪േะ⺞ᩏ‫ޢ‬㧚㧙㧙㪉㪇㪇㪊㪉㪇㪇㪋㪉㪇㪇㪌ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕࿑ ᖱႎൻᛩ⾗㗵ߩኻ )&2 Ყ₸㪌㪋㪊䋦㪉㪈㪇㪈㪐㪐㪇㪈㪐㪐㪈㪈㪐㪐㪉㪈㪐㪐㪊㪈㪐㪐㪋㪈㪐㪐㪌㪈㪐㪐㪍㪈㪐㪐㪎㪈㪐㪐㪏㪈㪐㪐㪐㪉㪇㪇㪇㪉㪇㪇㪈㪉㪇㪇㪉㪉㪇㪇㪊ᐕᵈ㧦ᖱႎൻᛩ⾗ߪ㧘㔚᳇ㅢାᯏེ㧘㔚ሶ⸘▚ᯏᧄ૕࡮หઃዻⵝ⟎㧘࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ߆ࠄᚑࠆ‫ޕ‬⾗ᢱ㧦✚ോ⋭‫ޡ‬ᖱႎㅢା⊕ᦠ ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕ ‫ޢ‬㧘ౝ㑑ᐭ‫ޡ‬࿖᳃⚻ᷣ⸘▚ᐕႎ ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕ ‫ޢ‬㧚 એ਄ߩ⛔⸘⊛੐ታࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ㧘એਅߩ 4 ὐࠍᒝ⺞ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬Ԙഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ㧔ᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿㧕㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩჇട߇ᵹേൻߩਥ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛᵹേൻߪ⧯ᐕጀߢ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛᕆㅦߥ IT ൻߦࠃࠅዞᬺⅣႺ߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌࠊࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦଥࠊࠆ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㓙㧘1990 ᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠ߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ〯߹߃ߚ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᧄⓂߩᦨᄢߩ․ᓽߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫⺰ޕ‬ᢥߩ᭴ᚑߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ╙ 2 ▵ߢߪ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄℂ⺰ߩၮ␆ߣߒߡቢోᏒ႐ߩࠤ࡯ࠬࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ή⺰㧘ߎߩࠤ࡯ࠬߢߪ᡽ᐭߩᓎഀߪᒝ⺞ߐࠇߕ㧘޽ߊ߹ߢಽᨆߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢߦㆊ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㧘╙ 3 ▵ߢߪ㧘ㄭᐕߩ⊒ዷ߇⋡ⷡߒ޿ਇቢోᏒ႐ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤࠍട߃ࠆ‫౒౏ߢߎߎޕ‬᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦߟ޿ߡ㧘޿ߊߟ߆ߩ㊀ⷐߥ␜ໂ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫⊛⸘⛔ޕ‬੐ታԘߦኻᔕߒߚ╙ 4 ▵ߢߪ㧘ᵹേൻߩ㜞߹ࠅߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ 5 ▵ߢߪ⛔⸘⊛੐ታԙߣԚߦኻᔕߔࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘⧯ᐕጀࠍਛᔃߦ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩჇᄢ߇ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬6 ▵ߪ⛔⸘⊛੐ታԛߦኻᔕߒ㧘IT ൻߩㅴዷߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡㄭᐕߩታ⸽⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐࠍ〯߹߃ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߩ╙ 7 ▵ߪ߹ߣ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ቢోᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗㧔㧝㧕ၮᧄ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺ ߹ߕ⼏⺰ߩ಴⊒ὐߣߒߡ㧘Becker㧔1962㧕ߦࠃࠅ⏕┙ߐࠇߚቢోᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩℂ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߒߡ߅ߎ߁1)‫ߩߎޕ‬⠨߃ᣇߦၮߠߊߣ㧘Ꮢ႐ේℂߦࠃࠅᦨㆡߥੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ㧘1) એਅߩ⠨߃ᣇߪ Becker㧔1993㧕ߦᴪߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᢙᑼߩዷ㐿߿⺑᣿ߩᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡߪᐞಽࠕ࡟ࡦࠫࠍട߃ߡ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᰴ▵એ㒠ߣ㑐ଥߩ⭯޿ㇱಽߦߪ⸅ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇߎߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡ౏౒᡽╷ߩᓎഀߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿‫࡞࠺ࡕߩ▵ᧄޕ‬ಽᨆߪ㧘ᰴ▵એ㒠ߢਇቢోᏒ႐ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕࠍዉ౉ߒ㧘౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⠨߃ࠆߚ߼ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠆߣࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬ ޿߹㧘޽ࠆഭ௛⠪߇⧯ᐕᦼߣჽᐕᦼߩ 2 ᦼ㑆ߦߟ޿ߡዞᬺߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒࠃ߁‫ߩߎޕ‬ഭ௛⠪ߩ㒢⇇↢↥ജ
ࠍ f i 㧘⾓㊄ࠍ wi ߣᦠ߈㧘ᷝ߃ሼ i =0 ߪ⧯ᐕᦼࠍ㧘 i =1 ߪჽᐕᦼࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫‛↥↢ޕ‬Ꮢ႐߅ࠃ߮ഭ௛Ꮢ႐߇ߣ߽ߦቢో┹੎ਅߦ޽ࠆߣᗐቯߒߚ႐ว㧘ડᬺ߇㧘ߎߩ㓹↪ߦߟ޿ߡ೑Ảᭂᄢൻࠍ࿑ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘
(1)

fiwi

ߩ㑐ଥ߇᧦ઙߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ߎߩᑼߩᏀㄝߪ෼౉㧘ฝㄝߪᡰ಴ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߈ߣߩߎޕ‬㧘೑ሶ₸㧔ഀᒁ₸㧕ࠍ r ߣߔࠇ߫㧘

(2)

f0 

f1
1 r

w0 

w1
1 r

߇ᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߩ㓹↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆోᦼ㑆ߩ෼ᡰߪဋⴧߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮐㄝߪ 2 ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆડᬺߩ෼౉ߩ⃻࿷ଔ୯㧘ฝㄝߪ 2 ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠆડᬺߩᡰ಴ߩ⃻࿷ଔ୯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ߣ㧘ჽᐕᦼߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇㜞߹ࠆ႐วࠍ⠨߃ߡߺࠃ߁‫ᧄ⾗⊛ੱޕ‬ᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞߚ႐วߩჽᐕᦼߩᷝ߃ሼࠍ i =2 ߣᦠߊߎߣߣߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦⷐߔࠆ⾌↪ࠍ k ߣߔࠆߣ㧘ડᬺߩ෼ᡰဋ╬ᑼߪ

(3)

f0 

f2
1 r

w0 

w2
k1 rߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว㧘(1)ߩࠃ߁ߦฦᦼߦ߅޿ߡ෼ᡰ߇╬ߒߊߥࠆ଻⸽ߪߥ޿‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ㧘 f 0 > w0 ߆

f 2 > w2 㧘߹ߚߪ㧘ਔᣇ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬f 0 > w0 ߪ㧘ᛩ⾗ᤨὐߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺߩ෼౉߇ᡰ಴ࠍ਄࿁ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ㧘ᛩ⾗ᤨߩ⾓㊄ࠍ↢↥ᕈࠃࠅ߽ૐߊ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᛩ⾗⾌↪ k ࠍᝳ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠆߣ㧘ᛩ⾗ᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡ⾌↪⽶ᜂߔࠆߩߪഭ௛⠪ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㜞߹ߞߚ⾓㊄ߦࠃࠅᛩ⾗෼⋉ࠍ࿁෼ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߦࠇߘޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘 f 2 > w2 ߪ㧘ᛩ⾗࿁෼ᦼߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺߩ෼౉߇ᡰ಴ࠍ਄࿁ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩലᨐ߇⃻ࠇߚᤨὐߢ⾓㊄ࠍ↢↥ᕈࠃࠅ߽ૐߊ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ડᬺ߇ᛩ⾗⾌↪ k ࠍ࿁෼ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠆߣ㧘ߎߩ႐วߦߪᛩ⾗ᤨߩ⽶ᜂࠍડᬺ߇⢛⽶޿㧘ჽᐕᦼߦᓧࠄࠇࠆᛩ⾗෼⋉߽ડᬺߦᏫዻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߪ㧘Ԙੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂ⠪ߪ⺕߆㧘ԙߘߩᛩ⾗㊂ߪᦨㆡߥ᳓Ḱࠍḩߚߔߩ߆㧘ߣ޿߁ 2 ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ὐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘Becker ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ 2 ߟߦ㘃ဳൻߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡౖဳ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫࠍ◲ẖߦ␜ߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߔࠆᛩ⾗ⴕേߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧞㧕৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪઁߩડᬺߦォ⡯ߒߡ߽᦭ലߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞ㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕ߚഭ௛⠪߇㧘ჽᐕᦼߦᏒ႐ߦ߅޿ߡฃߌࠆ⹏ଔߪ㒢⇇↢↥ജ f 2 ߣ╬ߒߊߥࠆ‫ ߒ߽ޕ‬f 2 ࠍਅ࿁ࠆ⾓㊄ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߣ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߪઁડᬺ߳⒖ߞߡߒ߹߁߆ࠄ㧘ડᬺߪ㒢⇇↢↥ജߦ⷗วߞߚ⾓㊄ࠍᡰᛄ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߟ߹ࠅ㧘 f 2 = w2 ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߜ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦࠃߞߡჇᄢߒߚ↢↥ജߩᕲᕺߪߔߴߡഭ௛⠪ߦᏫዻߔࠆߎ
ߣߦߥࠆ‫ߣࠆ޿↪ࠍߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘(3)ࠃࠅ㧘(4)w0f0  k߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘ᛩ⾗ᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ડᬺ߇㒢⇇↢↥ജࠃࠅ߽ k ߛߌૐ޿⾓㊄ߒ߆ᡰᛄࠊߥ޿‫ޕ‬೎ߩ⴫⃻ࠍߔࠇ߫㧘ഭ௛⠪ߪ㧘ᛩ⾗ᤨὐߦ߅޿ߡ㒢⇇↢↥ജࠃࠅ߽ૐ޿⾓㊄ࠍฃߌขࠆߎߣࠍㅢߓ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪ࠍ⽶ᜂߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄࠍᗐቯߔࠆߣ㧘⾌↪⽶ᜂߣ෼⋉ߪߔߴߡഭ௛⠪ߦᏫߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߣߎࠈߢ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕࠊߥ޿ડᬺߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘 f 0 ߣห㗵ߩ⾓㊄߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ઁડᬺߦ⒖ࠇ߫㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩ෼౉ߪჇടߔࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬႐ว㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪ࠍഭ௛⠪ߦ⽶ᜂߐߖࠆߣ㧘ઁડᬺߦᒁ߈ᛮ߆ࠇࠆᕟࠇߪߥ޿ߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߪ߃╵ޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉₸ߦଐሽߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫⧯ޕ‬ᐕᦼߦ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߪ㧘2 ᦼ㑆ࠍ⷗ㅢߒߡⴕേߔࠆ߆ࠄ㧘੹ᦼߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂࠍ᧪ᦼߦขࠅᚯߖࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ઁડᬺߦࠃࠆᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߪᚑഞߒߥ޿‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧘(5)

w2  w1 t 1  r kߩ᧦ઙ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘⾌↪એ਄ߩ෼⋉߇⷗ㄟ߼ࠆߩߢ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߪㅴࠎߢੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪ࠍ⽶ᜂߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕࠊߥ޿ડᬺ߳Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦ઻߁⾓㊄਄᣹₸߇೑ሶ₸એ਄ߢ޽ࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘(5)ߪ㧘(6)f 2  f1 t 1  r kߩᚑ┙ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߆ࠄ㧘⚿ዪ㧘೑ሶ₸ߣߩᲧセߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦࠃࠆ㒢⇇↢↥ജߩჇട߇චಽߦᄢ߈ߌࠇ߫㧘ഭ௛⠪ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻⥸ߦ㧘㒢⇇↢↥ജ f 2 ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩᷫዋ㑐ᢙߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍჇ߿ߔ߶ߤ㧘ߘߩ෼⋉₸ߪૐਅߔࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆਇ⏕ታᕈࠍήⷞߔࠇ߫㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ෼⋉₸߇೑ሶ₸ߣ╬ߒߊߥࠆ߹ߢ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߦኻߔࠆᛩ⾗߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫⽶ߩ↪⾌ޕ‬ᜂ⠪ߢ޽ࠅ㧘෼⋉ߩ࿁෼⠪ߢ߽޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍ༑ࠎߢฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩਥ૕⊛ⴕേߦછߖߡ߅ߌ߫৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦߟ޿ߡߪᦨㆡߥᛩ⾗᳓Ḱ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔㧟㧕ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞߚડᬺߦ߅޿ߡߪ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇએᄖߩડᬺߦ߅޿ߡߪᗧ๧ࠍߥߐߥ޿‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ߎߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞߡ߽㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆઁડᬺߩ⹏ଔߪᄌࠊࠄߥ޿‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ᒰ⹥ડᬺߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗೨ߩ↢↥ᕈ f1 ߦ⷗ว߁⾓㊄ࠍᡰᛄ߃߫㧘ઁડᬺߩᒁ߈ᛮ
߈ࠍ㒖ᱛߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ᓟߩჽᐕᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ⾓㊄ w2 ߪ f1 ߣ f 2 ߩ㑆ߦ޽ࠆ㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧔 f1 d w2 d f 2 㧕‫ ࠲ࡔ࡜ࡄࠍߣߎߩߎޕ‬a 0 d a d 1 㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘
(7)w2

af1  1  a f 2

ߩࠃ߁ߦ⴫ߘ߁‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉₸߇೑ሶ₸ߦ╬ߒ޿߽ߩߣߔࠆߣ㧘ߔߥࠊߜf 2  f1

1  r k ߣߔࠆߣ㧘(3)ߣ(7)߆ࠄ㧘(8)w0f0  1  a k߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫(ޕ‬8)߆ࠄ㧘 a ߇ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗⾌↪ߩ߁ߜડᬺ߇⽶ᜂߔࠆഀวࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߚޕ‬ߣ߃߫㧘 a ߇ 0 ߢ޽ࠆߣ߈㧘(8)ߪ㧘(9)w0f0  kߣߥࠅ㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩࠤ࡯ࠬߣห᭽㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ⾌↪ߩಽߛߌ⧯ᐕᦼߩ⾓㊄߇ૐߊߥࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ߔߴߡߩ⾌↪ࠍഭ௛⠪߇⽶ᜂߒ㧘ડᬺߩ⽶ᜂߪ࠯ࡠߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘 a ߇ 1 ߢ޽ࠆߣ߈㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦ߅
ߌࠆ⾓㊄ߪ㧘
(10)

w0f0

ߩࠃ߁ߦ㒢⇇↢↥ജߦ╬ߒߊߥࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ડᬺߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪ߩಽߛߌᡰ಴⿥ㆊߣߥࠅ㧘ߔߴߡߩ⾌↪ߪડᬺߦࠃߞߡ⽶ᜂߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉ߩᏫዻߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠃ߁‫ᧄ⾗⊛ੱޕ‬ᛩ⾗ࠍⴕߞߚ႐ว㧘ഭ௛⠪߇ჽᐕᦼߦ޽
ࠆߣ߈ߩડᬺߩ෼౉ߪ㧘(7)ᑼࠍ↪޿ࠆߣ(11)f 2  w2

a f 2  f1

ߣ⴫ߖࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦ઻߁↢↥ᕈߩჇടߩ߁ߜ㧘 a ߩഀว߇ડᬺߩ෼౉ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘a ߇ 0 ߢ޽ࠆߣ߈㧘(11)ߪ
(12)

f 2  w20ߣߥࠅ㧘ડᬺߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉ࠍฃߌขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘 a ߇ 1 ߢ޽ࠆߣ߈㧘(11)ߪ(13)

f 2  w2f 2  f1ߣߥࠅ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉ߩߔߴߡߪડᬺߦᏫዻߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ડᬺ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽㧘ഭ௛⠪߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪⽶ᜂഀวߣ෼⋉ߩಽ㈩ഀว߇╬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

ߒ޿႐ว㧘⽶ᜂߦᔕߓߚ⷗㄰ࠅ߇⚂᧤ߐࠇࠆߩߢ㧘ฦਥ૕ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍⴕ߁ߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘 aߩ୯ߦ㑐ଥߥߊ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨㆡߥᛩ⾗᳓Ḱ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ਇቢోᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ Ꮢ႐߇ቢోߥ႐วߦߪ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦߟ޿ߡ᡽╷⊛ߥ⼏⺰ࠍⴕ߁૛࿾ߪ߹ߞߚߊߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߿ഭ௛⠪ߦછߖߡ߅ߌ߫㧘ᦨㆡߥੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘Ꮢ႐ߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩਇቢోᕈ߇
ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ല₸⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇߥ޿น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦߋߔޕ‬ᗐ⿠ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߒߡ㧘ᛩ⾗ਥ૕߇ᵹേᕈ೙⚂ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦ㑐ࠊࠆᛩ⾗෼⋉ߩਇ⏕ታᕈߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘ㄭᐕߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷞߐࠇࠆߩߪ㧘߻ߒࠈࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩਇቢోᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ⼏⺰ߢ޽ࠆ2)‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ㧘߹ߕࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻ߩሽ࿷ߦࠃࠅ⢻ജߦ⷗วߞߚ⾓㊄ࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ਇ⏕ታᕈ߿㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩ⾰ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎ߇ਇቢోߥߚ߼㧘⢻ജߦ⷗วߞߚ⾓㊄߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߥ޿⁁ᴫࠍᗐቯߒࠃ߁‫߈ߣߩߎޕ‬㧘ᄖㇱߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߦ߅޿ߡឭ␜ߐࠇࠆᐔဋ⊛ߥ⾓㊄ߪഭ௛⠪ߩ㒢⇇↢↥ജߦᲧߴߡૐߊߥࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘ഭ௛⠪߇⃻࿷ൕ߼ߡ޿ࠆડᬺ߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫㧘ᛩ⾗෼⋉ߩ࿁෼ᦼߦ߅޿ߡ㒢⇇↢↥ജࠃࠅ߽ૐ޿⾓㊄ࠍ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ડᬺߪ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦᛩ⾗ߒߡ߽㧘ߘߩ⾌↪ࠍ࿁෼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣ⇣ߥࠅ㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩᕲᕺߪォ⡯వߩડᬺߦ߽෸߱ߎߣࠍᕁ޿಴ߘ߁‫ᧄ⾗⊛ੱޕ‬ᛩ⾗߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߣ߈㧘ഭ௛⠪ߪ⥄ಽߩฃߌขࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ෼⋉ࠍ㧘⃻࿷ߩൕ߼వߩડᬺߪ⥄ࠄ߇ฃߌขࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ෼⋉ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆ߇㧘዁᧪ߩォ⡯వߩડᬺ߇ฃߌขࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ෼⋉ߪൊ᩺ߐࠇߥ޿‫ߒޕ‬ߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᛩ⾗ߩᒰ੐⠪ߢ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߣ⃻࿷ߩൕ߼వડᬺߩ⑳⊛ଢ⋉ߩว⸘ߦᲧߴߡᄖㇱᕈࠍ฽߼ߚ␠ળ⊛ଢ⋉ߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߢ㧘Ꮢ႐ߢ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ㊂ߪᦨㆡߥ᳓ḰߦᲧߴߡㆊዋߣߥࠆ‫ࠃߩߎޕ‬߁ߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ‫ޟ‬ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈ‫ޠ‬㧔poaching externality㧕ߣ๭߱‫ޕ‬ ࠃࠅ෩ኒߦߪ㧘޿߆ߥࠆ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡડᬺ߇৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߔࠆᛩ⾗ߩ⾌↪ࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹
ࠖࡉ߇↢ߓࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ὐ߇໧㗴ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬Acemoglu and Pischke㧔1999b㧕ߪ㧘ߎߩߎߣࠍ◲ẖߦ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫߹޿ޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ᳓Ḱࠍ h ߣߒ㧘ߎߩߣ߈ߩ㒢⇇↢↥ജߣ⾓㊄ࠍߘࠇߙࠇ f(h) 㧘 w(h) ߣᦠߊ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߦࠃߞߡ⊒↢ߔࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ៊ᄬ㧔⾓㊄ߩૐਅಽ㧕ࠍ c ߣ⴫ߔ‫߈ߣߩߎޕ‬㧘⃻࿷ߩൕ߼వડᬺߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ࠍᒁ߈ᱛ߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘(14)

whf h c

ߩ⾓㊄ࠍឭ␜ߔࠇ߫චಽߢ޽ࠅ㧘ડᬺߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߆ࠄ f h  w h ߛߌߩ෼⋉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߛߚޕ‬ߒ㧘ડᬺߩᓧࠆ෼⋉ߪ c ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߎߩ߹߹ߢߪડᬺߩ෼⋉ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣή㑐ଥߢ޽ࠅ㧘ડᬺ߇ᛩ⾗ߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߪ↢߹ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߒߡᛩ⾗ߔࠆߩߪ㧘ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩ
㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߦࠃߞߡ⊒↢ߔࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ៊ᄬ߇㧘(15)

cc h , cc h ! 0ߩࠃ߁ߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄ᳓Ḱ h ߦଐሽߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆࠤ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߢࠬ࡯ࠤߩߎޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇࠆ߶ߎࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ߣߒߡߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩ⃻ዞᬺડᬺߣᄖㇱડᬺߩ㑆ߦ㧔ഭ௛⠪ߩ⢻ജߦ㑐ߔࠆ㧕ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߦᵈ⋡ߒߚ Katz andZiderman㧔1990㧕
㧘Stevens㧔1994㧕
㧘Chang and Wang㧔1996㧕
㧘Acemoglu and Pischke㧔1998㧕ߥߤ㧘ࠨ࡯࠴ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ៺ᡂࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ Acemoglu㧔1997㧕
㧘Acemoglu and Pischke㧔1999b㧕ߥߤ߇ઍ⴫⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ࠨ࡯ࡌࠗ⺰ᢥߣߒߡ㧘Acemoglu and Pischke㧔1999a㧕㧘ਛ㚍㧔1999㧕㧘㤗↢㧔2004㧕
㧘Leuven㧔2005㧕߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2)㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇߤ㧘ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈߦ઻߁ഭ௛⠪ߩ៊ᄬ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅ㧘ㅒߦ㧘ડᬺߦߣߞߡߪ෼⋉߇㜞ߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߇৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦᛩ⾗ߔࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄ᳓Ḱߦᔕߓߚ㧔↢↥ᕈߦኻߔࠆ㧕⾓㊄ߩ࿶❗߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߪߕߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡ㧘Bishop㧔1987㧕ߪห৻ડᬺౝߢห৻ᬺോࠍߎߥߔഭ௛⠪ߩ⾓㊄ᩰᏅ߇㧘ᓐ㧔ᅚ㧕ࠄߩ↢↥ᕈᩰᏅࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߪࠇߎޕ‬Acemoglu and Pischke㧔1999b㧕ߩ⼏⺰ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⸽Ꮐߩ 1 ߟߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈࠍਥゲߦ߅޿ߚᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌߩ⼏⺰ߪ㧘2 ߟߩ␜ໂࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬1 ߟߪ㧘Ꮢ႐ߦછߖࠆߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ㆊዋߦߥࠆߚ߼㧘ᛩ⾗ߦࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍਈ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⒢೙ߩ᭴▽߿⵬ഥ㊄ߥߤ㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩ౏౒᡽╷߇ᔅⷐߦߥࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ⺰⚿ߩߎޕ‬ቢోᏒ႐ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߣኻᾖ⊛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘
ߎߩ⒳ߩ⼏⺰ߩᄢ߈ߥ․ᓽߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ ߹޿ޕ‬1 ߟߪഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ฽ᗧߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ⥸৻ޕ‬㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߩ㊀ⷐᕈߪഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߦᒝ޿ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ᵹേᕈ߇㜞޿⚻ᷣߦ߅޿ߡߪഭ௛⠪߇ォ⡯ߔࠆ⏕₸߇㜞޿ߚ߼㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠅ㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߪㆊዋߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ㧘ᵹേᕈߩૐ޿⚻ᷣߢߪᄖㇱᕈߦࠃࠆᦨㆡ᳓Ḱ߆ࠄߩਵ㔌ߪዊߐ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ࠃ߁ߥ฽ᗧߪ㧘৻⥸ߦାߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿⚻ᷣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߣ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߎߩߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘ᵹേᕈߩ㜞ૐߪ⚻ᷣߩ⦟ߒᖡߒࠍ᳿߼ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߦ߆⏕ޕ‬㧘৻⥸ߦାߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿⚻ᷣߪഭ௛㔛⛎ߩࡑ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߪࠃࠅല₸⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇㧘ᄖㇱᕈߩ⊒↢ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄߪ㕖ല₸ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘৻᭎ߦߤߜࠄߩ⁁ᘒ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣᢿߓࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚ᵹേൻߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ ೨▵߹ߢߩℂ⺰⊛ಽᨆࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡ㧘╙ 1 ▵ߢ⏕⹺ߒߚ⛔⸘⊛੐ታߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤࠍട߃ߡ޿ߎ߁‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔߴ߈ߎߣߪ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേൻߩ㜞߹ࠅߣߘߩᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻⥸ߦ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߪ㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ೙ᐲ⊛ⷐ࿃ߦട߃ߡ㧘ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߿ォ⡯ᤨߩࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻ߦࠃߞߡⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘Burnside et al.㧔1993㧕ߪ㧘౉㔌⡯ᤨߦࠦࠬ࠻߇ᔅⷐߣ
ߥࠆࠃ߁ߥ RBC㧔Real Business Cycle㧕ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ࠆߣ㧘᥊᳇ᄌേߦኻߒߡ㓹↪߇቟ቯ⊛ߥേ߈ࠍ␜ߔഭ௛଻⬿ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⃻⽎ࠍࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࠻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ߒ߽ޕ‬㧘ᵹേᕈࠍⷙቯߔࠆਥ࿃߇ᖱႎߩ㕖
ኻ⒓ᕈ߿ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻ߛߣߔࠆߣ㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߩ໧㗴ߪ✭๺ߐࠇࠆ‫ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬㧘㜞޿ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻
ߪ㧘⋥ធ⊛ߦߪᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈࠍᓟ᛼ߒߔࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ᵹേᕈߩૐਅࠍㅢߓߡᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒙ߼ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߩ㜞ૐߪઁߩⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢᣣ࡮᦭⾐㧔1995㧕ߪ㧘
RBC ࡕ࠺࡞ߦડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߻ߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ഭ௛଻⬿ࠍ⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ․ᱶ
⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪᣢሽߩഭ௛⠪ߩォ⡯ߦࠃߞߡଔ୯ࠍᄬ޿㧘ᣂⷙ㓹↪ߦࠃߞߡ࿁ᓳߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߚ߼㧘ડᬺߪഭ௛଻⬿ࠍㆬᅢߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦಽᨆߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ᄢ߈޿⚻ᷣߢߪ⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪ᢙ߇ GNP ߦ㕖ᗵᔕ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㧘㜞㦂ഭ௛⠪ᢙߪ GNP ߦᗵᔕ⊛ߣ޿߁⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ડᬺ߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽ഭ௛⠪߆ࠄ⷗ߡ߽㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߳ߩᛩ⾗ߪ㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦ⾌↪ࠍ⽶ᜂߒ㧘㜞㦂ᦼߦ෼⋉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣߢቢ⚿ߔࠆߩߢ㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ⸃㓹߿㔌⡯ߪ෼⋉ߩᯏળࠍᝥߡࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ෼⋉ࠍ࿁෼ߒߚᓟߥࠄ߫㧘⸃㓹߿㔌⡯ߦࠃࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ៊ᄬߪዋߥߊߡᷣ߻‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ᄢ߈޿ߣ㧘⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩᵹേᕈߪૐߊ㧘㜞㦂ഭ௛⠪ߩᵹേᕈߪ㜞ߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߢߪ㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈߪߤߩ⒟ᐲߥߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡ㧘㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

Hashimoto and Raisian㧔1985㧕ߪ㧘1980 ᐕߩᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆൕ⛯ᐕᢙߩ⾓㊄߳ߩᓇ㗀߇࿖㓙⊛ߦᄢ߈߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇㜞޿ߣਥᒛߒߚ3)‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐࠍାߓࠇ߫㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈ᡿ߦ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈ߇ૐߊ㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߦ઻߁৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦଥࠊࠆᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ૛࿾ߪᲧセ⊛ዊߐ߆ߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᓟ㧘ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ᤨὐࠍⶄᢙߦߒ㧘1981 ᐕߣ 1986 ᐕࠍᲧセߒߚ Clark and Ogawa㧔1992㧕ߪ⾓㊄㑐ᢙߦ߅ߌࠆൕ⛯ᐕᢙߩᓇ㗀߇ૐਅ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩᓎഀ߇❗ዊߒߡ޿ࠆน
⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᄌൻ߇੐ታߛߣߔࠆߣ㧘੹ᓟߩᣣᧄߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߢߪᵹേᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߦ઻߁Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌ߇ࠢࡠ࡯࠭ࠕ࠶ࡊߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬෻⺰ߦኻߒߡ㧘
Hashimoto and Raisian㧔1992㧕ߪࠨࡦࡊ࡞ᤨὐࠍߐࠄߦჇ߿ߒ㧘ൕ⛯ᐕᢙߩᓇ㗀߇ૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆߩߪ᥊᳇ᓴⅣ╬ߩ৻ᤨ⊛ⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒ㧘௑ะ⊛ߦડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩᓎഀ߇❗ዊߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⹏ଔࠍਅߔߩߪᣧ⸘ߢ޽ࠆߣᛕ್ߒߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘1990 ᐕઍ߹ߢߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ฽߼ߡห᭽ߩಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚᰞ੗㧔2000a㧕ߪ㧘ൕ⛯ᐕᢙߩᓇ㗀߇ૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈߪ߆ߥࠅ㜞޿‫ޕ‬ એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘ㄭᐕߩᣣᧄߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߢߪᵹേᕈ߇㜞ߊߥࠅ㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߦ઻߁Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌ߇㗼⪺ߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᴫਅߢߪ㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ㆊዋߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߚ߼㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩ᡽╷ኻᔕߦࠃࠅ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߔࠆᛩ⾗ࠍᓟ᛼ߒߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚ᵹേൻߩ㓸ਛߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩੑᭂൻ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᵹേൻߪഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩ᭴ᚑຬߦᐔ╬ߦ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫⊛⸘⛔ޕ‬੐ታԙߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᵹേൻߩਥ࿃ߪ㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩჇടߢ޽ࠅ㧘߹ߚԚߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᵹേൻߪ⧯ᐕጀߦ㓸ਛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ో૕ߩᵹേൻߩ⒟ᐲ߇╬ߒߊ਄᣹ߒߚߩߢߪߥߊ㧘⧯ᐕጀߦ߅޿ߡᵹേൻߩỗߒ޿ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇Ⴧടߒߚߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേൻ⃻⽎ߪ․ቯߩጀߦ㓸ਛߒߡ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡈ࡝࡯࠲࡯߿ᵷ㆜␠ຬߥߤߩ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ෼߹ࠄߥ޿ዞᬺᒻᘒߩჇടߪߔߢߦᄙߊߩ⺰⠪߇ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ4)‫ޕ‬೨▵ߢ⷗ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ૐਅߔࠆਛߢߪ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽ડᬺߦߣߞߡ߽㐳ߊൕ⛯ߔࠆ㧔ߐߖࠆ㧕ࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߪૐਅߔࠆߩߢ㧘ᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿⡯⒳߇Ⴧടߔࠆߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆ‫߽߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᣢ಴ߩᄢᣣ࡮᦭⾐㧔1995㧕ߩಽᨆߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ዋߥ޿⚻ᷣߦ߅޿ߡᵹേᕈ߇㜞߹ࠆߩߪ⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘⛔⸘⊛੐ታԚ߽૗ࠄਇᕁ⼏ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ⧯ᐕᦼߦ㕖ᱜⷙߩ㓹↪ᒻᘒࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘ዊ᧖㧔2001㧕߇ᜰ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᒻᚑߦᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪ⋥ᗵ⊛ߦ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ⸽ಽᨆ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ߽㧘₵↰㧔1997㧕߿ਃ⼱㧔2001㧕ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ቇතᓟߩ౉⡯ᤨߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ⚻㛎߇㧘ߘߩᓟߩዞᬺ⁁ᴫ߿⾓㊄᳓Ḱߦߣߞߡ᳿ቯ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫౉ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޕ‬⡯⚻〝ଐሽᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᄢ⼱࡮᪢ፒ࡮᧻❥㧔2003㧕ߪᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߣ౉␠ᓟߩ⡯ᬺ⸠✵㧔OJT㧕ߩᲧセᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߩಽᨆߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߘࠇ⥄૕ߪ3) ᐕഞ⾓㊄ߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄℂ⺰ߦ᜚ࠄߥߊߣ߽㧘Lazear㧔1979, 1981㧕߿ Lazear and Moore㧔1984㧕╬ߦࠃࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉ઒⺑ߦ᜚ߞߡ߽⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ൕ⛯ᐕᢙߩᓇ㗀߇޽ࠆߎߣߪ㧘⋥ߜߦੱ⊛⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ┙⸽ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘Okazaki(1993)߇ࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ㧘ᄢᣣ࡮ᶆဈ㧔1997㧕ߢߪࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦߪᡰᜬߐࠇߡ߅ࠄ
ߕ㧘⚿⺰ߪᔅߕߒ߽৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘㒙ㇱ㧔1996㧕ߪ㧘ᤘ๺ 60 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᐔᚑ 3 ᐕᐲߩ‫ޡ‬㓹↪േะ⺞ᩏ‫޿↪ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ࡠࠢࠗࡑߩޢ‬㧘↥
ᬺౝ⒖േߦᲧߴߡ↥ᬺ㑆⒖േߦ઻߁⾓㊄ૐਅ߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐߪ㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆห᭽ߩಽᨆߢ޽ࠆ Jacobson et.al.㧔1993㧕
߿ Carrington and Zaman㧔1994㧕ߣᢛว⊛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘↥ᬺ․ᱶ⊛ߣ߽⸒߁ߴ߈ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩሽ࿷ࠍ┍ࠊߖࠆ㧔ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ᦭ήߦߟ޿
ߡߪ૗߽⸒߃ߥ޿㧕‫ోޕ‬૕ߣߒߡ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄℂ⺰߇ቢోߦήലߢ޽ࠆߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿߇㧘⏕ቯ⊛ߥ⚿⺰ࠍਅߔߚ߼ߦߪ੹ᓟߩታ⸽⎇ⓥߩ⫾Ⓧ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬4) ߚߣ߃߫㧘₵↰㧔2001㧕㧘ዊ᧖㧔2003㧕ߥߤࠍෳᾖߖࠃ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇ㧔ೋછ⛎ࠍᄌ߃ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐߢ㧕⾓㊄ᩰᏅߦᓇ㗀ࠍᜬߚߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᄢቇ㒮ත߇዁᧪⊛ߦᄢ߈ߥ⾓㊄ࠍᓧࠆߩߪ㧘౉␠ᓟߩ OJT ߦᩰᏅ߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠅ㧘OJT ᅤ૗ߦࠃࠅ㧘ߘߩᓟߩ⾓㊄⚻〝߇᳿ቯߒߡߒ߹߁ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ㧘⧯ᐕᦼߦᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߦዻߒߚ႐ว㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ㆊዋߦߥࠆน⢻ᕈߪᭂ߼ߡ㜞޿‫߽߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߣߩᩰᏅߪ᜛ᄢߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ޽ࠅ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߩ⚻〝ߪੑᭂൻߔࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ᵹേൻߩㅴዷߦࠃࠅࡑࠢࡠ⊛ߥᗧ๧ߢੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ㆊዋߦߥࠆߣ޿߁ല₸ᕈߩ໧㗴ߦട߃ߡ㧘ߘߩ⃻⽎߇㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆਇᐔ╬߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧢㧚+6 㕟๮ߣᛛ⢻஍ะ⊛ᛛⴚㅴᱠ ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇චಽߦߥߐࠇࠆ߆ุ߆ߪ㧘ߘࠇ⥄૕㧘ᭂ߼ߡ㊀ᄢߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘Lucas㧔1988㧕
ߪ㧘ᜬ⛯⊛ߥ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳ߦߣߞߡੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߎߘ߇᳿ቯ⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒ㧘ߎߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⼏⺰ߩේဳࠍឭଏߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Blackburn et al.㧔2000㧕ߪ㧘Romer㧔1990㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ဳᚑ㐳ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߚ႐วߢ߽㧘Lucas㧔1988㧕ဳߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߣ㧘ᜬ⛯⊛ߥ⚻ᷣᚑ㐳߇ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ㆬᅢߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ⫾Ⓧߦࠃࠅⷙቯߐࠇ㧘⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᵴേ߆ࠄߪ⁛┙ߣߥࠆࠤ࡯ࠬ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩჇᄢߥߒߦ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᵴേࠍ᜛ᄢߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߽㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐ߇┹วߔࠆߚ߼㧘ഭ௛ࠦࠬ࠻߇਄᣹ߒ㧘⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᵴേߪᓥ೨ߩ߹߹ߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߏߊᦨㄭߩᚑ㐳ℂ⺰ߩᚑᨐߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇චಽߦⴕࠊࠇߥ޿ߎߣߩᏫ⚿ߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⋥ធ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ߦߣߤ߹ࠄߕ㧘ࠃࠅᐢ▸߆ߟᷓೞߥ࠳ࡔ࡯ࠫߣߥߞߡ⚻ᷣࠍⷅ߁น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㎛ߣߥࠆߩߪੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚㅴᱠߩ㑆ߦ⵬ቢ⊛ߥ㑐ଥ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߢࠬ࡯ࠤߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩਇ⿷ߣᛛⴚㅴᱠߩ஗ṛ߇⋧੕ߦ૞↪ߒ㧘⚻ᷣ߇ૐ૏ဋⴧ߳㒱ࠆ਎⇇ࠍឬ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Acemoglu㧔1997㧕߿ Redding㧔1996㧕ߪ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚߩ㑆ߦ⵬ቢ⊛ߥ㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆ႐ว㧘ᵴ⊒ߥᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᵴേߣ㜞޿ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ᳓Ḱߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㜞૏ဋⴧߣਇᵴ⊒ߥᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߣૐ޿ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ᳓Ḱߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆૐ૏ဋⴧ߇↢ߓࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ‫⸳ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ቯߩਅߢߪ㧘ડᬺߣഭ௛⠪ߩ㑆ߦࠥ࡯ࡓ⺰⊛ߥᚢ⇛㑐ଥ߇⊒↢ߔࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ഭ௛⠪߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ડᬺ߇ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߦᾲᔃ㧔ਇᾲᔃ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ߶ߤ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߩ෼⋉₸߇㜞ߊ㧔ૐߊ㧕ߥࠅ㧘ડᬺ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ഭ௛⠪ߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ᄙ޿㧔ዋߥ޿㧕߶ߤ㧘ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߩ෼⋉₸߇㜞ߊ㧔ૐߊ㧕ߥࠆ‫⁁ߩߎޕ‬ᴫਅߢߪ㧘ᛛⴚ㐿⊒ߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ᳓Ḱ߇ߣ߽ߦ㜞޿⁁ᘒߣ㧘ߣ߽ߦૐ޿⁁ᘒߩⶄᢙဋⴧ߇ኈᤃߦ↢ߓᓧࠆ5)‫ޕ‬ ਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߥⶄᢙߩဋⴧ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐ว㧘⚻ᷣߪૐ૏ဋⴧߩ⟂ߦ⪭ߜㄟ߻ෂ㒾ᕈࠍᜬߟ‫߽߆ߒޕ‬㧘৻ᣤ㧘ૐ૏ဋⴧߦ⪭ߜㄟࠎߢߒ߹߁ߣ㧘⥄ὼߦᛮߌ಴ߔߎߣߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㔍ߒ޿‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘৻⥸ߦ౏౒᡽╷ߩᓎഀ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ᧄ⾗⊛ੱޕ‬ᛩ⾗ࠍᡰេߔࠆ߆㧘⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߆㧘߹ߚߪਔ⠪ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡታᣉߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ૐ૏ဋⴧߩ⟂߆ࠄ⚻ᷣࠍᢇ޿಴ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚߩ㑆ߦ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߩ⃻ታᅷᒰᕈ߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆ‫߫ߒ߫ߒޕ‬㧘⁁ᴫ⸽᜚ߩ 1 ߟߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆߩ߇࠺ࠫ࠲࡞࠺ࠖࡃࠗ࠼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘ߎߎ 15 ᐕ⒟ߩ IT ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߦ઻ߞߡ㧘࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ᛛⴚߦᾫ✵ߒߚഭ௛⠪ߩ⾓㊄߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦ਄᣹ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧘IT ᛛⴚߩㅴᱠߣഭ௛⠪ߩᛛ⢻㧔ੱ⊛⾗ᧄ㧕ߩ㑆ߩ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߩ⸽Ꮐߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪ߩ⋧ኻ⾓㊄߇਄᣹ߔࠆߣ޿߁⃻⽎ߪ㧘Ᏹߦⷰኤߐࠇࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊ㧘ᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪ߣᧂᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪ߩ㑆ߩ⾓㊄ᩰᏅ߇❗ዊߔࠆᤨᦼ߽޽ࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚߩ㑆ߩ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߪ቟ቯ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ߚ߹ߚ߹ⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒߡ㧘Acemoglu5) ߚߛߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚߩ㑆ߩ⵬ቢ㑐ଥߪⶄᢙဋⴧߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬න⚐ߥࠨ࡯࠴࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅޿ߡⶄᢙဋⴧ߇↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ
ߪ Burdett and Smith㧔2002㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

(1998)ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦࠃࠅ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚߩ㑆ߩ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥ߇㐳ᦼ⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⍴ᦼ⊛ߦߪ㧘޽ࠆ⒳ߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ⫾Ⓧ߇ㅴ߻ߣ㧘⋧ኻ⊛ߥᏗዋᕈߩૐਅߦࠃࠅ㧘ߘߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦ
ኻߔࠆ⾓㊄ࡊ࡟ࡒࠕࡓߪᷫዋߔࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘ᣂߒ޿ᛛⴚߩ⒳㘃ߪ㧘ߘࠇࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߡߊࠇࠆᏒ႐ߩᄢ߈ߐߦࠃߞߡⷙቯߐࠇࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘޽ࠆᛛⴚࠍ૶޿ߎߥߔߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ᄙ޿߶ߤ㧘ߘߩ⒳ߩᛛⴚ߇ᄙ
ߊ㐿⊒ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߦߪ⾮ሽ㊂ߩᄙ޿ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆᛛⴚߦ஍ߞߚ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇ଦߐࠇ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄߦኻߔࠆ⾓㊄ࡊ࡟ࡒࠕࡓߪჇᄢߔࠆ‫⊛ੱߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⾗ᧄߣ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆᛛⴚ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᛛ⢻஍ะ⊛ᛛⴚㅴᱠ㧔skill-biased
technological change㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘৻⟲ߩታ⸽⎇ⓥࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ㧘ೋᦼߩታ⸽⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆ Krueger㧔1993㧕ߪ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ೑↪߇⾓㊄ࠍ਄᣹ߐߖ㧘ߒ߆߽ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߩ෼⋉₸ࠍᒁ߈਄ߍߡ޿ࠆߣਥᒛߒ㧘ᄙߊߩᓟ⛯ߩ⎇ⓥ߇⊒⃻ߔࠆᄾᯏߣߥߞߚ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘Haskeland Heden㧔1999㧕߿ Chun㧔2003㧕ߪห᭽ߩലᨐࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Berman, Bound and Griliches
㧔1994㧕ߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲㑐ㅪ߿ R&D ᛩ⾗ߣ㕖↢↥ഭ௛⠪ߩ㔛ⷐߩ㑆ߦᒝ޿ᱜߩ⋧㑐ࠍ⏕⹺ߒ㧘Autor,Katz and Krueger㧔1998㧕߿ Autor, Levy and Murnane㧔2003㧕ߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ൻߣቇᩞᢎ⢒ߩ㑆ߦ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ή⺰㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ߦኻߔࠆ෻⺰߽޽ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘DiNardo and Pischke㧔1997㧕ߪ㧘ห᭽ߩ㑐ଥࠍ㔚⹤࡮㔚ථ࡮㋦╩ߢ߽⏕⹺ߒ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲૶↪ߦࠃࠆ⾓㊄਄᣹ലᨐߪ⷗ߖ߆ߌߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ૶↪ߪࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࠞ࡜࡯ഭ௛⠪ߩઍℂᄌᢙߦߔ߉ߥ޿ߣᛕ್ߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘㜞⾓㊄߇ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲೑↪ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣ޿߁ㅒߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⠨ᘦߒ㧘ㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼࠍหᤨផቯߔࠆࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍߣߞߚ Chennells and VanReenen㧔1997㧕ߪ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢߩផቯߦߪ਄ᣇࡃࠗࠕࠬ߇޽ߞߚߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⠡ߞߡᣣᧄߦ⋡ࠍะߌࠆߣ㧘ᦨㄭߦߥߞߡห᭽ߩ⼏⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰞ੗㧔2000b㧕ߪ㧘1980 ᐕઍએ㒠㧘⵾ㅧᬺߦ߅޿ߡ㕖↢↥ഭ௛⠪ߩࠪࠚࠕ߇㜞߹ࠅߟߟ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩᄌൻ߇ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ᛩ⾗ߣᒝ޿ᱜߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᷡ᳓㧔1999㧕ߪ㧘㜞ቇᱧߢ޽ࠆ߶ߤ㧘ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦᚲ᦭ߦࠃࠆ⾓㊄ᩰᏅ߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᷡ᳓࡮᧻ᶆ㧔2000㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ߘߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߪ㧘ᢎ⢒߇ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦᚲ᦭ߦ⽎ᓽߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᣂᛛⴚ⠌ᓧദജࠍ㜞߼㧘ߘߩദജ߇⾓㊄਄᣹ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣ޿
߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲೑↪ߦࠃࠆ⾓㊄਄᣹ലᨐߦኻߒߡุቯ⊛ߥ⚿ᨐࠍዉ߈಴ߒߚ⎇ⓥߪዋߥ޿߇㧘ㄆ߁ߓߡዊේ࡮ᄢ┻㧔2001㧕ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ߎߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘㜞ቇᱧ⠪㧔․ߦ⧯ᐕ↵ᕈ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ೑↪߇᦭ᗧߦ⾓㊄ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ᷡ᳓࡮᧻ᶆ㧔1999㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ࡃࠗࠕࠬࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡหᤨផቯࠍⴕߞߚ႐วߢ߽㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ೑↪߇⾓㊄ࠍ㜞߼ࠆലᨐߪ᦭ᗧߦ⸘᷹ߐࠇ㧘೨ㅀߩ Chennells and Van Reenen㧔1997㧕ߩᛕ್ߪᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪ޽߹ࠅ
㊀ⷐߢߪߥ޿ࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ㧘IT ߦଥࠊࠆㄭᐕߩᛛⴚㅴᱠ߇৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈߪᭂ߼ߡ㜞޿‫ߢߎߎޕ‬೨▵ߩ⼏⺰ࠍᕁ޿಴ߘ߁‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈߩ㜞߹ࠅߪ㧘ᒁ߈ᛮ߈ߩᄖㇱᕈߦࠃࠆᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌࠍ⺃޿಴ߒ㧘ߘߩᏫ⚿ߣߒߡ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߪㆊዋߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⼏ߩ▵ᧄߣߣߎߩߎޕ‬⺰ࠍ૬ߖࠇ߫㧘ㆊዋߥ৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߪ㧘⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ IT 㑐ㅪߩᛛⴚㅴᱠࠍ߽஗ṛߐߖ㧘⚻ᷣࠍૐ૏ဋⴧߩ⟂߳ߣ㒱ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧣㧚߹ߣ߼ߣ⚿⺰ ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ㄭᐕߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᦨㄭߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩᚑᨐࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ౏౒᡽╷ߩᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ㧘ਥⷐߥ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼㧘⺰ࠍ㐽ߓࠃ߁‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻࠍ⴫ߔ⛔⸘⊛੐㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇታߣߒߡએਅߩ 4 ὐࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ԙഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ㧔ᵹേᕈߩ㜞޿㧕㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ߩჇട߇ᵹേൻߩਥ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛᵹേൻߪ⧯ᐕጀߢ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛᕆㅦߥ IT ൻߦࠃࠅዞᬺⅣႺ߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌࠊࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ㧘ㄭᐕߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠃࠅએਅߩߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
1 ࠨ࡯࠴ࠦࠬ࠻߿ᖱႎߩ㕖ኻ⒓ᕈ߇ήⷞߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߪᦨㆡߥ᳓ḰߦᲧߴߡㆊዋߦߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌߪഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈ߇㜞޿႐วߦᷓೞߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2 ㄭᐕ㧘ડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ૐਅߒ㧘ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᵹേᕈ߇㜞߹ࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ߡ㧘Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌ߇↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈ߽Ⴧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3 Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌߪ⧯ᐕ࡮㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ․ߦ㗼⪺ߦ⊒↢ߒ㧘ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ⫾Ⓧ⚻〝ߪੑᭂൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
4 ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣᛛⴚㅴᱠߩ㑆ߦߪ⵬ቢ⊛ߥ㑐ଥ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬႐ว㧘ⶄᢙဋⴧ߇↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ㧘ૐ૏ߩੱ⊛⾗ᧄ߇ᛛⴚㅴᱠࠍ߽㒖ኂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆੱ⊛⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߦଥࠊࠆ౏౒᡽╷߳ߩ฽ᗧߣߒߡ㧘ᰴߩ 3 ὐࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ߅ߎ߁‫ޕ‬i Ꮢ႐ߩᄬᢌߩ㗼࿷ൻߦ઻޿㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗߇ㆊዋߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠅ㧘৻⥸⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦኻߔࠆ᡽╷⊛ߥᡰេ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ii ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᏒ႐ߩᄬᢌߪ⧯ᐕጀߩ㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ㓸ਛ⊛ߦ⊒↢ߔࠆߩߢ㧘ߎߩጀߦ⛉ߞߚኻ╷߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬iii ᛛⴚㅴᱠߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦ㑐ߒߡૐ૏ߩဋⴧߦ㒱ࠄߥ޿ߚ߼ߦ㧘ਔ⠪ߩ⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥߦ⇐ᗧߒߚ਄ߢੱ⊛⾗ᧄᛩ⾗ߦኻߔࠆ᡽╷⊛ߥᡰេࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

㨇ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㨉㤗↢⦟ᢥ㧔2004㧕‫ᧄ⾗⊛ੱޟ‬ᛩ⾗ߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᐭߩᓎഀ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬30 ภ㧦99-107 㗁㧚㒙ㇱᱜᶈ㧔1996㧕‫ޟ‬ォ⡯೨ᓟߩ⾓㊄ᄌൻߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄߩ៊ᄬ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ਃ↰໡ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬39 Ꮞ 1 ภ㧦125-139 㗁㧚ዊේ⟤♿࡮ᄢ┻ᢥ㓶㧔2001㧕‫⾓߇↪૶࠲࡯ࡘࡇࡦࠦޟ‬㊄ᩰᏅߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬494
ภ㧦16-30 㗁㧚ᄢᣣᐽผ࡮᦭⾐ ஜ㧔1995㧕‫ߩᧄ⾗⊛ੱޟ‬ᒻᚑߣഭ௛଻⬿̆RBC ℂ⺰ߩᣣᧄ⊛ഭ௛Ꮢ႐߳ߩᔕ↪̆‫ޠ‬‫ࡈޡ‬ࠖ࠽ࡦࠪࡖ࡞࡮࡟ࡆࡘ࡯‫ ╙ޢ‬35 ภ㧦1-26 㗁㧚ᄢᣣᐽผ࡮ᶆဈ⚐ሶ㧔1997㧕‫⾓ޟ‬㊄൨㈩ߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺ․ᱶ⊛ੱ⊛⾗ᧄߣࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉ‫ޠ‬㧘ਛ㚍ብਯ࡮㛁ᴡノ๺✬‫ޡ‬㓹↪ᘠⴕߩᄌൻߣᅚሶഭ௛‫᧲ޢ‬੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ㧘╙ 4 ┨㧦115-139 㗁㧚ᄢ⼱ ೰࡮᪢ፒ ୃ࡮᧻❥ኼ๺㧔2003㧕‫઀ޟ‬੐┹੎ࡕ࠺࡞ߣੱ⊛⾗ᧄℂ⺰࡮ࠪࠣ࠽࡝ࡦࠣℂ⺰ߩ⃻ታᅷᒰᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆታ⸽ಽᨆ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬47 ภ㧦41-62 㗁㧚₵↰᦭ผ㧔1997㧕‫৻ߪࠬࡦࡖ࠴ޟ‬ᐲ㧙਎ઍߣ⾓㊄ᩰᏅ㧙‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬449 ภ㧦2-12 㗁㧚₵↰᦭ผ㧔2001㧕‫઀ޡ‬੐ߩߥ߆ߩᦌᤒߥਇ቟̆ំࠇࠆ⧯ᐕߩ⃻࿷‫ޢ‬ਛᄩ౏⺰ᣂ␠㧚ዊ᧖␞ሶ㧔2001㧕‫ޟ‬Ⴧടߔࠆ⧯ᐕ㕖ᱜⷙ㓹↪⠪ߩታᘒߣߘߩ໧㗴ὐ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬490 ภ㧦44-57
㗁㧚ዊ᧖␞ሶ㧔2003㧕‫߈↢߁޿ߣ࡯࠲࡯࡝ࡈޡ‬ᣇ‫ޢ‬ഹ⨲ᦠᚱ㧚‫ޟ‬90 ᐕઍߩᣣᧄߩഭ௛Ꮢ႐̆⾓㊄ࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߒߚ߆̆‫ޠ‬‫␠ޡ‬ળ⑼ᰞ੗ብੑ㇢㧔2000a㧕ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬
㧔᧲੩ᄢቇ␠ળ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧕╙ 51 Ꮞ 2 ภ㧦71-86 㗁㧚ᰞ੗ብੑ㇢㧔2000b㧕‫ޟ‬஍ะ⊛ᛛⴚㅴᱠߣ㓹↪̆ᣣᧄߩ⵾ㅧᬺߩࠤ࡯ࠬ̆‫ޠ‬㧘ศᎹ ᵗ࡮ᄢἏ㓷ਯ✬‫ޡ‬ᓴⅣߣᚑ㐳ߩࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇ‫᧲ޢ‬੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ㧘╙ 7 ┨㧦165-189 㗁㧚ᷡ᳓ᣇሶ㧔1999㧕‫ޟ‬ᖱႎൻߣഭ௛ᚲᓧ㧘ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ㧦ࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻⚿ᨐߩ㓸⸘‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ㇷ᡽⎇ⓥᚲ᦬ႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬135 ภ㧦66-83 㗁㧚ᷡ᳓ᣇሶ࡮᧻ᶆసᏆ㧔1999㧕‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚ㕟ᣂ߳ߩኻᔕߣࡎࡢࠗ࠻ࠞ࡜࡯ߩ⾓㊄㧙⾓㊄ߣࡄ࠰ࠦࡦᚲ᦭ߩ⋧੕㑐ଥ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬467 ภ㧦31-45 㗁㧚ᷡ᳓ᣇሶ࡮᧻ᶆసᏆ㧔2000㧕‫ޟ‬ദജߪႎࠊࠇࠆ߆̆ࡄ࠰ࠦࡦߣ⾓㊄㧘ᢎ⢒ߩ㑐ଥ̆‫ޠ‬‫␠ޡ‬ળ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬㧔᧲੩ᄢቇ␠ળ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧕╙ 51 Ꮞ 2 ภ㧦115-136 㗁㧚ਛ㚍ብਯ㧔1999㧕‫ޟ‬ᛛ⢻⫾Ⓧ࡮વᛚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆ‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄഭ௛⎇ⓥ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬468 ภ㧦46-53 㗁㧚ਃ⼱⋥♿㧔2001㧕‫ޟ‬㐳ᦼਇᴫߣ⧯ᐕᄬᬺ̆౉⡯⚻〝ଐሽᕈߦߟ޿ߡ̆‫ޠ‬‫ޡ‬࿖᳃⚻ᷣ㔀⹹‫ ╙ޢ‬183 Ꮞ 5 ภ㧦45-62 㗁㧚Acemoglu, D. 1997 “Training and Innovation in an Imperfect Labour Market,” Review of Economic

Studies 3: pp.445-464.
Acemoglu, D. 1998 “Why Do New Technologies Complement Skills? Directed Technical Change andWage Inequality,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113: pp.1055-1089.
Acemoglu, D. and J.-S. Pischke 1998 “Why Do Firms Train? Theory and Evidence,” Quarterly

Journal of Economics 113: pp.79-119.
Acemoglu, D. and J.-S. Pischke 1999a “Beyond Becker: Training in Imperfect Labour Markets,”

Economic Journal 109: pp.F112-F142.
Acemoglu, D. and J.-S. Pischke 1999b “The Structure of Wages and Investment in General
Training,” Journal of Political Economy 107: pp.539-572.
㧙㧙ഭ௛Ꮢ႐ߩᄌൻߣ౏౒᡽╷ߩ޽ࠅᣇ

Autor, D. H., L. F. Katz and A. B. Krueger 1998 “Computing Inequality: Have Computers Changed
the Labor Market?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 113: pp.1169-1213.
Autor, D. H., F. Levy and R. J. Murnane 2003 “The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change:
An Empirical Exploration,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 118: pp.1279-1333.
Becker, G. S. 1962 “Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis,” Journal of Political

Economy 70: pp.9-49.
Becker, G. S. 1993 Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference toEducation, 3rd edition, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, distributed byColumbia University Press.
Berman, E. J. Bound and Z. Griliches 1994 “Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U.S.
Manufacturing: Evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufacturers,” Quarterly Journal ofEconomic 109: pp.367-397.
Bishop, J. H. 1987 “The Recognition and Reward of Employee Performance,” Journal of Labor

Economics 5: pp.S36-S56.
Blackburn, K., V. T. Y. Hung and A. F. Pozzolo 2000 “Research, Development and Human Capital
Accumulation,” Journal of Macroeconomics 22: pp.189-206.
Burdett, K. and E. Smith 2002 “The Low Skill Trap,” European Economic Review 46: pp.1439-1451.
Burnside, C., M. Eichenbaum and S. Rebelo 1993 “Labor Hoarding and the Business Cycle Theory,”

Journal of Political Economy 101: pp.245-273.
Carrington, W. J. and A. Zaman 1994 “Interindustry Variation in the Cost of Job Displacement,”

Journal of Labor Economics 12: pp.243-275.
Chang, C. and Y. Wang 1996 “Human Capital Investment under Asymmetric Information: The
Pigovian Conjecture Revisited,” Journal of Labor Economics 14: pp.505-519.
Chennells, L. and J. Van Reenen 1997 “Technical Change and Earnings British Establishments,”

Economica 64: pp.587-604.
Chun, H. 2003 “Information Technology and Demand for Educated Workers: Disentangling theImpacts of Adoption versus Use,” Review of Economics and Statistics 85: pp.1-8.
Clark, R. L. and N. Ogawa 1992 “Employment Tenure and Earnings Profiles in Japan and theUnited States: Comment,” American Economic Review 82: pp.336-345.
DiNardo, J. E. and J.-S. Pischke 1997 “The Returns to Computer Use Revised: Have Pencils
Changed the Wage Structure Too?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112: pp.291-303.
Hashimoto, M. and J. Raisian 1985 “Employment Tenure and Earnings Profiles in Japan and theUnited States,” American Economic Review 75: pp.721-735.
Hashimoto, M. and J. Raisian 1992 “Employment Tenure and Earnings Profiles in Japan and theUnited States: Reply,” American Economic Review 82: pp.346-354.
Haskel, J. and Y. Heden 1999 “Computers and the Demand for Skilled Labour: Industry-andEstablishment-Level Panel Evidence for the UK,” Economic Journal 109 No.454 : pp.C68-C79.
Jacobson, L. S. and R. J. LaLonde and D. G. Sullivan 1993 “Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers,”

American Economic Review 83: pp.685-709.
㧙㧙ળ⸘ᬌᩏ⎇ⓥ No.34㧔2006.9㧕

Katz, E. and A. Ziderman 1990 “Investment in General Training: The Role of Information andLabour Mobility,” Economic Journal 100: pp.1147-1158.
Krueger, A. B. 1993 “How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata,1984-1989,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: pp.34-60.
Lazear, E. P. 1979 “Why is There Mandatory Retirement,” Journal of Political Economy 87:
pp.1261-1284.
Lazear, E. P. 1981 “Agency, Earnings Profiles, Productivity, and Hours Restrictions,” American

Economic Review 71: pp.606-620.
Lazear, E. P. and R. L. Moore 1984 “Incentives, Productivity, and Labor Contracts,” Quarterly

Journal of Economics 99: pp.275-296.
Leuven, E. 2005 “The Economics of Private Sector Training: A Survey of the Literature,” Journal ofEconomic Surveys 19: pp.91-111.
Lucas, R. E., Jr. 1988 “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,” Journal of Monetary

Economics 22: pp.3-42.
Okazaki, K. 1993 “Why Is the Earnings Profile Upward-Sloping? The Sharing Model vs theShirking Model,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 7: pp.297-314
Redding, S. 1996 “The Low-Skill, Low-Quality Trap: Strategic Complementarities between Human
Capital and R&D,” Economic Journal 106: pp.458-470.
Romer, P. M.

1990“Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy 98:

pp.S71-S102
Stevens, M. 1994 “Labour Contracts and Efficiency in On-the-Job Training,” Economic Journal 104:
pp.408-41

㧙㧙