Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5‫إ‬ᴾ ԓᴾଐஜỉ‫ܖݱ‬ఄെ᨞Ểỉᒍᛖ૙Ꮛỉྵཞểբ᫆ໜ୰ᯘ┾బ⏨༓㔛㔠⹒኱Ꮫ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮

Current Situation and Problems of Elementary School English
Education in Japan
Masao Nakabayashi ** Senri Kinran University

After the World War II, English education in high schools became compulsory. Since
April in 2011, English activity in elementary schools from 5 to 6 grades has becomecompulsory. This purpose is to make pupils learn to listen to and speak English andeventually to foster their communication ability. This paper is concentrated on the current
situations of English education in elementary school. Finally, I will reveal someconclusions and proposals to “How to teach English.”

Keywords : Elementary school, English activity, education, motivation, communication࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻᑠᏛᰯࠊⱥㄒάືࠊᩍ⫱ࠊືᶵ௜ࡅࠊ᝟ሗఏ㐩᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ䠍䠊ᴫせ㻌 䠄䛿䛨䜑䛻䠅᪥ᮏࡢṔྐࢆಠ▔ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ኱໬ࡢᨵᚰ࡛ձ୰ᅜᩥ໬ࠊ᫂἞⥔᪂࡛ղすὒᩥ໬ࠊճ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋ࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩥ໬ࡀ⛣ධࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆゝㄒᏛࡢぢᆅ࠿ࡽࡳࡿ࡜ࠊձ₎Ꮠࡢᑟධࠊղⱥㄒࡢᑟධࠊճ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ⱥㄒࡢᑟධ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡲࡘࢃࡿᩥ໬ࡸᩥ᫂ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛㛤ⰼࡋࠊ㏫࡟ୡ⏺࡟Ⓨಙࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦౛㸸ᐙ㟁〇ရࠊࣃࢯࢥࣥ࡞࡝㸧ࠋ ᫂἞᫬௦ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ࠿ࡽ
ࡢ㛤ጞ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍㒊ࡢ㝵ᒙ࡟㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⤊ᡓᚋࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡀ⩏ົ໬ࡉࢀࠊᗈࡃᅜẸ࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᑠᏛᰯ࠿ࡽࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡣ᳨ウእ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽᩥ⛉┬ࡢᣦᑟ࡛ࠊࠕᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒάືࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛බ❧ࡢᑠᏛᰯ 5㹼6 ᖺ⏕࡟ⱥㄒࢆ⩏ົ௜ࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒάື࡜ࡣࠕ⪺ࡃ࣭ヰࡍࠖࢆᏛࡧࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡢࡀ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊබ❧ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࠕㄞࡴ࣭᭩ࡃࠖࢆຍ࠼ࡓᡤㅝ 4 ᢏ⬟ࢆ⥙⨶ࡋ࡚ࠋᯝࡓࡋ࡚ᑠ୰ࡢ㐃ᦠࡸ୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࡣྍ⬟࠿ࡣᑡࡋ␲ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᗂ⛶ᅬ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡴࡋࢁ୰㧗୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࢆᛮ⪃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏㄽࡣࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃṌࡳฟࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧ࢆศᯒࡋࠊᡂຌ࡟⤖ࡧ௜ࡅࢀࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࠖࢆ➹⪅ࡢぢゎࢆᥦゝࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ≉࡟ࠊᩘᖺ๓ࡼࡾ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⤒㐣ࡶሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ䠎䠊᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱䛾Ṕྐ䛸⌧≧㻌ᩥ⊩ࠗ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱࠘ࡼࡾࠊṔྐⓗ࡞⤒㐣ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠋࢃࡀᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪩ᮇእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆṔྐⓗ࡟═ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ᭱ึ࡟ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣ㛗ᓮࡢ⹒㏻モᏊᘵ࡟ࡼࡿ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒࡢᏛ⩦࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ௨๓࡟ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀ᥋ゐࡋࡓእᅜㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࡣᏳᅵ࣭᱈ᒣ᫬௦࠿ࡽỤᡞ᫬௦ึ㢌࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊࣛࢸࣥㄒ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᩍᤵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᡞࡸ㛗ᓮ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ୍⯡ᕷẸࡣᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㡭࠿ࡽ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࢆ⪺ࡁ័ࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᖖ఍ヰ࡟୙⮬⏤ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⩦ᙧែࡸᖺ㱋࡞࡝ࡣᐃ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢⅬࠊ⹒㏻モᏊᘵࡢሙྜࡣグ㘓࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲၟ㤋㛗ࡢ᪥ㄅ 1673
ᖺ 11 ᭶ 9 ᪥ࡢ᮲࡟ࠊ
ࠕ㛗ᓮዊ⾜ࡢ࿨௧࡛ࠊ10 ṓ࡞࠸ࡋ 12 ṓࡃࡽ࠸ࡢᑡᖺᩘྡ
ࢆẖ᪥ฟᓥ࡟ฟྥ࠿ࡏࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜࡜᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ✍ྂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒࢆ⪺ࡁࠊヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡢࡳࡀ∗Ꮚ┦ఏ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ≧ἣ࡟ࠊㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

88

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5 ୍᪉ࠊ᫂἞⥔᪂ࡢ๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛᆅࡢ⸬࡟࠾࠸࡚ὒᏛࠊ≉࡟ⱥᏛࡀᑟධࡉࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᪩ᮇᩍ⫱ࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᩥ㒊┬㸦⦅㸧ࠗ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ྐ㈨ᩱ࠘ࡼࡾᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
ࠕ᫂἞ 3 ᖺ࡟ὒᏛ⛉ࢆ⨨ࡁࠊᑓ㛛ᩍဨࢆࡶࡘᪧᓊ࿴⏣⸬࡛ࡣ 8 ṓࡼࡾධᏛࡏࡋࡵࠊ᫂἞ 4 ᖺࡢᩍ๎ᨵṇᚋࡣࠊ
ᬑ㏻⛉ึ➼࡛ࡣ⥛Ꮠࠊ➨ 8 ➼࡛ᩥ඾⣲ㄞࢆㄢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠖྛ➼ࡢヱᙜᖺ㱋ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࡢࡓࡾࡀ᪩ᮇᩍ⫱࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
᪩ᮇእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢไᗘ࡟㛵ࡋࠊᖺ⾲ู࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᫂἞ 5 ᖺ㸦1872 ᖺ㸧㸸Ꮫไࡀ㡺ᕸࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ᫂἞ 3 ᖺ 2 ᭶ࡢࠕᑠᏛつᐃࠖࡀつᐃࡉࢀࠊ8 ṓࡼࡾᑠᏛᰯ࡟ධᏛࡋࠊᬑ㏻Ꮫࢆಟࡵ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ኱Ꮫᑓ㛛஬⛉㸦ᩍ࣭ἲ࣭་࣭⌮࣭ᩥ㸧ࢆไᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࡟ᮾிᗓୗࡢ 6ࡘࡢᑠᏛᰯࡀ㛤࠿ࢀࠊᏛ⛉ࡢ୰࡟ࠕㄒᏛ㸦ⱥࠊ௖ࠊ⊂ࠊ⹒㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
᫂἞ 10 ᖺࡈࢁࡣⱥㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢࡣᴟࡵ࡚≉ู࡞ࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᫂἞ 12 ᖺ 9᭶࡟ࠕᩍ⫱௧ࠖࡀไᐃࡉࢀࠊ᫂἞ 15 ᖺ 5 ᭶࡟ྛᗓ┴࡟ࠕᑠᏛᰯᩍ๎⥘㡿ࠖࡀ㓄ᕸࡉࢀࠊᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍ⛉⛉┠࠿ࡽእᅜㄒࡀ๐㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⱥㄒࡀ෌ࡧᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍ⛉┠࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ᫂἞ 17 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡢࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡾࠕⱥㄒࡢึṌࠖࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂἞
18 ᖺ 12 ᭶࡟ᨻᗓࡀෆ㛶ไ࡟࡞ࡾࠊෆ㛶⥲⌮኱⮧࣭ఀ⸨༤ᩥࡢୗ࡟᳃᭷♩ࡀᩥ㒊኱⮧࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡍࡄ࡟ࠊ⩣᫂἞ 19 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢࠕᑠᏛᰯ௧ࠖࠊ5 ᭶ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢࠕᏛ
⛉ཬࡧ⛬ᗘࠖࡢつᐃ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㧗➼ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᆅᇦࡢ᝟ἣ࡟ࡼࡾⱥㄒࠊ㎰ᴗࠊᡭᕤࠊၟᴗࡢ 1 ⛉┠ࡲࡓࡣ㸰⛉┠ࢆࠊㄞ᭩ࠊ⟬⾡ࠊ⌮⛉ࠊၐḷࡢ᫬㛫ࢆ᩵㓃ࡋ࡚ㄢࡋ࠺ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ᫬㛫ࡣẖ㐌㸱᫬㛫࡜ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ḟ࠸࡛ࠊ᫂἞ 33 ᖺ㸶᭶ࡢࠕᑠᏛᰯ௧ࠖࡢᨵṇ࡛ࡣࠊᑜᖖᑠᏛᰯࡢಟᴗᖺ㝈ࡀ 4 ࣨᖺ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇࢀࡀ⩏ົᩍ⫱ᖺ㝈࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㧗➼ᑠᏛᰯࡢಟᴗᖺ㝈ࡣ㸰ࣨᖺࠊ㸱ࣨᖺࠊ㸲ࣨᖺ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ㸲ࣨᖺ࡛ࡣⱥㄒࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ኱ṇ㸶ᖺ㸦1919 ᖺ㸧2 ᭶࡟ࡣࠕᑠᏛᰯ௧ࠖࠊḟ࠸࡛ࡑࡢ᪋⾜つ๎ࡀᨵࡵࡽࢀࠊ
㧗➼ᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍ⛉ㄢ⛬ࡀࠊඣ❺ࡢせồ࡜ᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㑅ᢥ⠊ᅖࡀᗈࡵࡽࢀࠊᪧつᐃࡢ⛉┠㸦ᡭᕤࠊ㎰ᴗࠊၟᴗ㸧࡟ᅗ㠃ࠊእᅜㄒ௚ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ
ࡓࠋ኱ṇ᫬௦࠿ࡽ᫛࿴ึᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊእᅜㄒࢆຍ࠼ࡿ㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡀ⃭ቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ኱ṇ 15 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢࠕᑠᏛᰯ௧ࠖᨵṇࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ᫛࿴ 16 ᖺ㸦1941 ᖺ㸧3᭶ࠊ㌷஦ࡢ㢼ᙉࡲࡿ୰࡛ࠕᅜẸᏛᰯ௧ࠖࡀⓎ௧ࡉࢀࠊ㧗➼⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚እᅜㄒࡢ
⛉┠ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᡓᚋࡢ᫛࿴ 22 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࠊ᪂Ꮫไ࡟ࡼ
ࡿᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡼࡧ୰ᏛᰯࡀⓎ㊊ࡋࡓࡀࠊᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍ⛉┠࠿ࡽእᅜㄒ࡞࠸ࡋⱥㄒࡢጼࡀᾘ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣࡀ᫛࿴࣭ᖹᡂࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡼࡾࠊᩥ89᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ⛉┬ࡀᑠᏛᰯ㧗Ꮫᖺ࠿ࡽእᅜㄒάື࡜࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛ᚲಟ໬࡟㋃ࡳษࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊ඲ᅜࡢබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡛᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ㡑ᅜ࣭୰ᅜ࡟ఃࡋ࡚ⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ඲ᅜᒎ㛤ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྠ៞ࡢ⮳ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ䠏䠊ⱥㄒᩍ⫱䛻㛵䛩䜛ᩍᤵἲ㻌➹⪅ࡣᖹᡂඖᖺࡼࡾᗓ❧㧗ᰯ 2 ᖺࠊ⚾❧㧗ᰯ 3 ᖺࠊ኱Ꮫ 10 ᖺࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ 5ᖺࡢᣦᑟ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘࠋࡇࡢ㛫࡟ࠊⱥㄒᩍ⛉᭩࣭ゎㄝ᭩ᩘ෉࡜⩻ヂ᭩ 2 ෉ฟ∧࡛ࡁࡓࠋᩍᤵἲ࡟ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡢ⌮ㄽࡸゎㄝࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊゝㄒࡣࠕグ᠈ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
㸦memorization㸧ࡢ୍ㄒ࡟ᑾࡁࡿ࡜࠶ࡿゝㄒᏛ⪅ࡀᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓࠋ➹ ⪅ ࡣ ḟ ࡢ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ど Ⅼ ࡼ ࡾ ᩍ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ 㸯 㸧 Motivation
Learning(ືᶵ௜ࡅࡢᏛ⩦㸧ࠊ㸰㸧Task-based Learning㸦ㄢ㢟㔜どࡢᏛ⩦㸧ࡢ 2 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸯㸧Motivation Learning (ືᶵ௜ࡅࡢᏛ⩦㸧ࠕືᶵ࡙ࡅࠖ࡜ࡣࠊඵᓥ㸦2004㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠕே㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆࡸࡾ⥆ࡅࡿࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘດຊࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ᫬㛫ࡸ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ㈝ࡸࡍ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿせᅉࢆ⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕືᶵ࡙ࡅࠖ◊✲ࡣᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞◊✲࡜♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞◊✲ࡢ㸰ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࠕᮇᚅ౯್⌮ㄽ࣭ࠖࠕ┠ᶆ⌮ㄽ࣭ࠖࠕ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࠖࡢ㸱ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸯ࡘ┠ࡢࠕᮇᚅ౯್⌮ㄽࠖࡣࠕᡂຌࡢᮇᚅࠖ࡜ࠕ౯್ࠖࡢ㸰ࡘࡢせᅉࡀᇶ♏࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡢࠕᡂຌࡢᮇᚅࠖ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡿࢱࢫࢡࢆ⮬ศࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࡉࡽ࡟㸱ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㸯ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ࡝࠺ㄆ▱ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊࡑࡢᡂຌࡸኻᩋࡢཎᅉࢆ࡝࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠿ࡀḟࡂࡢ⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠕᖐᒓ⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ⮬ศࡀ࠶ࡿࢱࢫࢡࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡀ࡝࠺ุ᩿ࡍࡿ࠿࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸱ࡘ┠ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ᕫ౯್⌮ㄽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋேࡣࠊࢸࢫࢺ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞➇த࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓኻᩋࡢ⤒㦂ࠊྰᐃⓗ࡞ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢ౯್ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ⥔ᣢࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ḧồࢆᣢࡘࠋࡇࡢᚰ⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕᮇᚅ౯್⌮ㄽࠖࡢࡶ࠺㸯ࡘࡢഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠕ౯್ࠖࡣࠊ㸯㸧attainment value(ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟㔜せᛶ࣭ᚲせᛶࢆಶேⓗ࡟ឤࡌࡿ࠿㸧ࠊ㸰㸧90

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5

intrinsic value㸦ࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⣧⢋࡟ᴦࡋࡵࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸧ࠊ㸱㸧extrinsic
utility value㸦⏕άࡢྥୖࡸே㛫ⓗྥୖ࡞࡝࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸧ࠊ㸲㸧cost㸦౯್࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᨭᡶࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸᫬㛫ⓗ࣭㔠㖹ⓗ࣭⫗యⓗ࣭⢭⚄ⓗࢥࢫࢺ㸧ࡢ㸲ࡘ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢ㸰ࡘ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠕ┠ᶆ⌮ㄽࠖ࡜ࡣࠊே㛫ࡣ┠ⓗࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾜ືࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ලయⓗ࡛᫂☜࡞┠ᶆࠊࡋ࠿ࡶດຊࡍࢀࡤ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿ┠ᶆࡢタᐃࡀᏛ⩦ពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࡢ㸱ࡘ┠ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࠖ࡜ࡣ⮬ศࡀ⮬ศࡢ⾜ືࡢỴᐃ࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕෆⓎⓗືᶵࠖ࡜ࠕእⓎⓗືᶵࠖ࡜࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢᴫᛕࢆ᰾࡜ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕෆⓎⓗືᶵࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛႐ࡧࡸ‶㊊ឤࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾜ື࡟㛵ࡍࡿືᶵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕ▱㆑ࠖ㸦▱㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᴦࡋ࠸࣭‶㊊㸧ࠊࠕ㐩ᡂឤࠖ㸦⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊࢆఙࡤࡍࡇ࡜ࠊఱ࠿ࢆࡸࡾ㐙ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ႐ࡧ㸧ࠊࠕ่⃭ࠖ㸦ࡑࡢࢱࢫࢡࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ⯆ዧ่࣭⃭࣭႐ࡧ㸧࡜࠸࠺㸱ࡘ࡟⣽ศ໬࡛ࡁࡿࠋࠕእⓎⓗືᶵࠖ࡜ࡣࠊἲ୺ࡸ௚⪅࡟ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ࡞ࢇࡽ࠿ࡢලయⓗ࡞┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜࠺⾜ື࡟㛵ࡋࡓືᶵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦ሗ㓘ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⨩ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿ࡞࡝㸧ࠊࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦⮬ศࡸ௚⪅࠿ࡽࡢᢎㄆ࡟ὀ┠㸧ࠊࠕྠ୍໬ㄪᩚࠖ㸦άືࡢព㆑ⓗ౯್࡙ࡅ㸧ࠊࠕ⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦┠ᶆࡢ㝵ᒙⓗ⤫ྜࠊㄪ࿴㸧ࡢ㸲ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞◊✲࡟ࡣࠊࠕ⤫ྜⓗືᶵࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ➨஧ゝㄒᩥ໬ࡸࡑࡢゝㄒࢆヰࡍேࠎ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ዲពࡸ཭ዲⓗឤ᝟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ➨஧ゝㄒᩥ໬ࡢ୍ဨ࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺㢪ᮃࡀᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠕ⤫ྜⓗᏛ⩦┠ⓗࠖ࡜࠸࠸ࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᑵ⫋࣭㐍Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢᐇ฼ⓗᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣࠕ㐨ලⓗືᶵࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫఍ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣከᩥ໬♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ➨஧እᅜㄒᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢ◊✲ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ␗࡞ࡗࡓẸ᪘ࡀඹᏑࡍࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡣࠊ┠ᶆゝㄒヰ⪅࡜ࡢ᥋ゐࡢ㉁࡜㔞ࡀࠊ␗ゝㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦ඵᓥᬛᏊ 2004㸧ࡲࡓࠊẸ᪘ゝㄒⓗࣂ࢖ࢱࣜࢸ࢕࣮࡜Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊẸ᪘ゝㄒⓗࣂ࢖ࢱࣜࢸ࢕࣮ࡢᙉ࠸እᅜㄒࡢ᪉ࡀᏛ⩦ពḧࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋẸ᪘ゝㄒⓗࣂ࢖ࢱࣜࢸ࢕࣮࡜ࡣࠊࠕゝㄒࡢ♫఍ⓗᆅ఩ࠖࠊࠕࡑࡢゝㄒヰ⪅ࡢศᕸࠖࠊࠕไᗘୖࡢᨭ᥼యไࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ඵᓥᬛᏊ 2004㸧ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡀእᅜㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟

91᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼࡼࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ㸰ࡘࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࠊཷ㦂࣭Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢᡂ⦼࣭ࢸࢫࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ▷ᮇⓗ࡛ලయⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰ࡘ┠ࡣࠊእᅜே࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ␃Ꮫ࣭ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞௙஦࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(ඵᓥᬛᏊ 2004㸧 ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊᑠᏛ⏕࡟ືᶵ௜ࡅࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋࠕⱥㄒࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢⱥㄒࡶᴦࡋࡃᏛ⩦࡛ࡁࡿࠖࠕ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡸ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ᡂ⦼ࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡿࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡀືᶵ௜ࡅࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊᏛ⩦ពḧࡀྥୖࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟࡟ࡶྲྀࡾࡃࡴࡢ࡛ࠊḟࡢ Task-based Learning ࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
㸰㸧Task-based Learning 㸦ㄢ㢟㔜どࡢᏛ⩦㸧 ᕳᮎࡢࠕᏛ⩦ࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࠖ㸦the ladder of learning㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ༢࡞ࡿㅮ⩏ᙧᘧࡣഹ࠿࡟㸳㸣ࡢὀ┠⋡࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡜Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡢά⏝ࠖ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡑࢀࡀ 90㸣࡟㐩ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟ᶍᨃᤵᴗࢆࡸࡽࡏ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ෆᐜࢆ⮬ศ࡛ゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡃᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᩍᖌ࡟௦ࢃࡾᩍᐊ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡉࡏࡿᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊண⩦ࢆྵࡵ࡚ከࡃࡢ஦๓ࡢᏛ⩦ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡏࡤࠊ⮬ࡎ࡜▱㆑ࡶ⃭ቑࡋ࡚ࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ⦼ࡶࡼࡃ࡞ࡿ➻࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᅗ㸯࣭ᩥ❶ᮎ㸧 ➹⪅ࡢࢱࢫࢡࡢ୰࡟ࠊࠕእ᮶ㄒ 100 㑅ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒ໬ࡋࡓ⏝ㄒ
ࢆ 100 㑅ࡧࠊ᭱ึ࡟᭩࠿ࡏࡿ࡜Ꮫᰯᕪࡶ࠶ࡿࡀᖹᆒⅬࡣ 40㹼50 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆᬯグࡉࡏ࡚ࠊ෌ࢸࢫࢺࡍࡿ࡜ᖹᆒⅬࡣ 80㹼90 Ⅼ࡟ྥୖࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ࢝
࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ curriculum ࡛ࠊࢫ࣌ࣜࣥࢢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺᥦฟࡣᚲ㡲᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑠㄽᩥసᡂ࡟ࡣከࡃࡢᩥ⊩ࢆㄞࡳࠊࡑࢀࢆ⧳ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞ࢱࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ௨ୖࡢෆᐜࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅉࡳ࡟ࠊ➹⪅ࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ༢఩ࡢホ౯ࢆḟࡢ᪉ᘧ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋձฟᖍ 㸦attendance㸧=஧ᅇ㐜้ࡣ୍ᅇḞᖍ࡜ࡍࡿࠋⓙ໅⪅࡟ 10 Ⅼຍ⟬ࠋղ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦report㸧=ㄢ㢟ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦฟࠋⱥㄒࡀከ࠸ࠋ10Ⅼࠋճ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ㸦test㸧=ヨ㦂⠊ᅖࢆ㝈ᐃࡋࠊ༢ㄒ࡜࿴ヂ࣭ⱥヂ୰ᚰࠋ80 Ⅼ‶Ⅼ ྜィ 100 Ⅼ࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊࢸࢫࢺࡣ༙ศ㸦40 Ⅼ㸧ྲྀࡿࡔࡅ࡛ 60 Ⅼࡢ༢఩ྜ᱁Ⅼ92

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5࡜࡞ࡿࠋղࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ㸦report㸧ࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊⱥㄒࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡍࡿࡀࠊ᫬஦ⱥㄒ◊✲࡞࡝࡛ࡣࠕ⌧ᅾࡢ♫఍࣭⤒῭࣭ᨻ἞ၥ㢟ࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡉࡏࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࠕ᪥⡿Ᏻ඲ಖ㞀ࠖࠕ୰ᅜࡢ㔮ᓥၥ㢟ࠖࠕ㡑ᅜࡢ➉ᓥၥ㢟ࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡣࠊⱥᏐ᪂⪺ࢆㄞࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ່ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊⱥㄒຊࡢྥୖ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊከࡃࡢ᝟ሗ࡟࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࢱࢫࢡ࠿ࡽከࡃࡢ▱㆑࡜᝟ሗࢆධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗ᰯ࡛ࡣኟఇࡳࡸ෤ఇࡳࡢᐟ㢟ࡀฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜᥎ ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࣮࣡ࢡࣈࢵࢡ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊእ࡟ฟ࡚ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆఇࡳ᫂ࡅ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡀཷ㦂ຮᙉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛᰯእ࡛㈝ࡸࡍ᫬㛫ࡣཷ㦂ᑐ⟇࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧≧ࢆゎᾘࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ task-based learning ࡢᐇ⌧ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊstudying byobjectives㸦┠ᶆࢆࡶࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡢ⢭⚄ࢆᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᴦࡋࡃᏛ⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁ࡜ษᮃࡍࡿࠋ

䠐䠊᭱㏆䛾እᅜㄒάື䛾ᐇ᪋≧ἣ㻌ᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱࡜ࡣࠊᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࢆㄪᩚࡋࠊ୍㈏ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏࡓ
య⣔ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࢆᑠ୰୍㈏ᰯ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
2011 ᖺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽබ❧ࡢᑠᏛᰯ 5࣭6 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠕᑠᏛᰯእᅜㄒ㸦ⱥㄒ㸧άືࠖࡀᚲಟ໬ࡉࢀࠊ୍ᖺ༙ࡀ㐣ࡂࡓࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬Ⓨ⾜ࡢࠗⱥㄒࣀ࣮ࢺ࠘ࡸࠗHi, friends!࠘
࡞࡝ࡢᩍᮦࢆ౑࠸ࠊᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ᩍဨࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᤵᴗࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭱㏆ࠊᑠᏛᰯ࡜
୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡶ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࠕⱥㄒࡢᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢸᙜᩍဨࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ➹⪅ࡣᖹᡂ 19 ᖺࡼࡾ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡟㛵ᚰࢆࡶࡕࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ◊✲ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋຮᙉ఍ࢆദࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃࡇࡢㄢ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᖺᗘࡣ୍ࡘࡢ㞟኱ᡂࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ࠊࠕᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒάື࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ IVࠖ࡜㢟ࡋࠕⱥㄒࡢᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢタၥࢆຍ࠼ࡓ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣഹ࠿࡟ 75 ௳࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᢸ௵ᩍဨࢆ୰ᚰࡢពぢࡀ㞟ィ࡛ࡁࡓࠋḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ⤖ㄽࡀฟࡓࡢ୍࡛ࡘࡢᥦゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡈཧ⪃࡟࡞ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸯㸧ALT ࡜ࡶពᚿ␯㏻࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᑠᏛᰯᩍဨࡢⱥㄒຊྥୖࡀ⥭ᛴㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ93᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ㸰㸧ࠗⱥㄒࣀ࣮ࢺ࠘௨እࡢ๪ᩍᮦ㸦ࢳࣕࣥࢶ࣭࣮࢝ࢻ࣭⤮ᮏ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ◊✲࣭㛤Ⓨ㸱㸧ᢸ௵ᩍဨࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ࡜ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᕤኵࡍࡿࠋ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨࢆฟ᮶ࡿࡔࡅὴ㐵ࡍࡿ㸲㸧ⱥㄒࡀ୍ࡘࡢᩍ⛉࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩍဨࡢ◊㛑࡜⤒㦂ࡢඹ᭷ࠋᑠ୰ࡢ㐃ᦠࡀᚲ㡲㸳㸧ᰯ㛗࣭ᩍ㢌ࢆඛ㢌࡟ࠊᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱࡟඲ᰯⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴጼໃࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ
⌧ᅾࡣ͇Hi, friends㸟͇ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⛉᭩࡛ⱥㄒάືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᚲಟ⛉┠࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ 2 ᖺ┠ࡢ༙ࡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢฟ∧♫ࡶཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࡸᩍᮦࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ඲ᅜࡢ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡢᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡀࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ษᮃࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᩍ⛉ࡢᡂྰࡀ௒ᚋࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ᪉ྥࢆỴࡵࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯ࠿ࡽୡ⏺࡟άື࡛ࡁࡿேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡣᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 9 ᭶ ி㒔኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍࡛Ⓨ⾲࡛ࡁࡓࠋࢱ࢖ࢺࣝࡣࠕⱥㄒࡢᑠ୰୍㈏ᩍ⫱̿࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➹⪅ࡣḟࡢᑠᏛᰯࢆゼၥࡋ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣅࣗ࢘ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊཧ↷࡟ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸯㸧ሜᕷ࣭ࡣࡘࡋࡤᏛᅬᑠᏛᰯ㸦⚾❧㸧Ꮫᰯἲே࣭኱㜰ึⰪᏛᅬࡣࠕࡣࡘࡋࡤᏛᅬᑠᏛᰯࠖ࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯࡲ࡛ࢆ⤒Ⴀࡋࠊ᭱㏆ࡣ❧࿨㤋኱Ꮫ࡜ࡶᥦᦠࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑠᏛᰯࡣ᪩ᮇ࠿ࡽⱥㄒࡸⱥ఍ヰຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅜ㝿♫఍࡛ά㌍ࡍࡿேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ྛᏛᖺ࡟ᛂࡌࡓ┠ᶆࢆタᐃࡋእᅜேㅮᖌ࡟ࡼࡿ⏕ࡁࡓⱥㄒ࡟ࡩࢀ࡚᪥ᖖⱥ఍ヰࢆ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋపᏛᖺ࡛ࡣࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈࡢⱥㄒ࡟ࡩࢀእᅜࡢᩥ໬ࢆᏛࡪࠋ㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ㸫ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࠊᛂ⏝ຊࢆయ㦂ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡣࡘࡋࡤᏛᅬᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡣᕼ࡛ⷧ࠶ࡾࠊ୰Ꮫᰯࡣ㧗ᰯ࡜
ࡢ୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆ኱ࡁ࡞ᐉఏᩥྃ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᮏᏛ࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠕ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㐨ࡶ㛤ࡅࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ほ ࡍࡿࠋሜᕷ௨እ࡟ࡶᐩ⏣ᯘᕷࠊᶫᮏᕷ㸦࿴ḷᒣ┴㸧࡟ࡶ୰㧗ࡢᏛ⯋ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㐍Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚ேẼࢆ༤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸰㸧྿⏣ᕷ❧༓㔛ࡓࡅࡳᑠᏛᰯ
ᮏᰯࡣᖹᡂ 18 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽእᅜㄒάືࡢ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢጤკ

94

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5ࢆཷࡅࠊࠕᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥㄒάື➼ᅜ㝿⌮ゎάື᥎㐍஦ᴗᣐⅬᰯࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᖹᡂ 20 ᖺ 12 ᭶࡟බ㛤ᤵᴗ࣭◊✲఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ㛤ᰯࡍࡿᑠ୰୍㈏ᰯࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬≉౛ᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➉ぢྎ୰Ꮫᰯࠊཬࡧࠊ᱈ᒣྎᑠᏛᰯ࡜ࡶ༠ຊࡋࠊⱥㄒάືࡢ୍ᒙࡢ඘ᐇ࡟ࡴࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヂ࡛ࠊAET ࡸ୰Ꮫᰯⱥㄒ⛉ᩍဨࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ࡀᤵᴗࡢᣦᑟ᱌సᡂࡸ㐍⾜ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ᑠᏛᰯ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ㸱㸧༓᪩㉥㜰ᮧ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ኱㜰ᗓ༡㒊ࡢ၏୍ࡢᮧ❧ᰯ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⏕ᚐᩘࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࠋᑠᏛᰯࡣᗂ⛶ᅬ࡜ྠࡌሙᡤ࡟࠶ࡾ᪩ᮇⱥㄒάືࢆᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࠊᩍ⫱㠃࡛ࡣ㐃ᦠࡀ࡜ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋⱥㄒ
ࡢ ALT ࡶࡇࡢᮧ࡟ఫࡳࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩍဨࡸ⏕ᚐ࡜ぶᐦ࡞㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࠕⱥㄒάືࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊᮧࡢ⾜஦࡟ࡶཧຍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢ࡛ே㛫㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡲࡾࠊᮧࡢேẼ⪅࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᰯ㛗ඛ⏕ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋ୍᪉୰Ꮫᰯࡣ㧗ྎ࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㢼ග᫂፽࡟ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠࡣᑡ
ࡋ㊥㞳ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୍㈏ᩍ⫱ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡿ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ❧ሙࡢ┦㐪࡛ከࡃࡢពぢࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡀࠊ୍ࡘࡢᥦゝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡈཧ⪃࡟࡞ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ䠑䠊ᾏእ䛻䛚䛡䜛እᅜㄒᩍ⫱䛾⌧ἣ㻌ࠗࠕඛ㐍ㅖᅜࠖࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱̿᪥ᮏࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ♧၀࠘ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศࡿࠋ୺࡞ᅜࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࠊ≉࡟᪩ᮇᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡋಠ▔ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⌧≧ࢆせ⣙ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋࡢ㸦 㸧ෆࡣ➹⪅ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(1-165p)
㸯㸧࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜ㸦EU㸧ࠕ㹃㹓ࡢබ⏝ㄒࢆẕㄒࣉࣛࢫ 2 ࣨᅜㄒ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡢࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࢆᑵᏛ๓ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࠊᑠᏛᰯࡢẁ㝵࡛⤌⧊ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࠊ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊ➨㸰እᅜㄒࢆጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊEU ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿゝㄒᨻ⟇ࡢ㔜せㄢ㢟ࡣ Early Language Learning㸦᪩ᮇゝㄒᏛ⩦㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋEU ຍ┕ᅜࡢᑠᏛᰯእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶከࡃᏛ⩦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝㄒࡣⱥㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸ᅜ࡛ 26㸣ࡢඣ❺ࡀⱥㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ᭱ከᅜࡣࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ62㸣࡟㐩ࡍࡿࠋࠖ (11p)95᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ࡞࠾ࠊ୰➼Ꮫᰯእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶከࡃᏛ⩦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝㄒࡣⱥㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ 89㸣࡟ᑐࡋࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ 32㸣ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ 18㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᖹᑿ⠇Ꮚ㸧㸰㸧ࢻ࢖ࢶ㐃㑥༠࿴ᅜ
2001 ᖺ⛅ࡼࡾࢻ࢖ࢶࡢከࡃࡢᕞ࡛ࠊᑠᏛᰯ࠿ࡽࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᑟධࡀヨ⾜ẁ㝵࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಖᏲ⣔࡟ BW ᕞ࡛ࡣ 1984 ᖺࡼࡾࠕ㞄ᅜࡢゝㄒࢆᏛࡰ࠺ࠖ࡜
࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀⓎ㊊ࡋᡭ⧊ࡾࠊ࠘ࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡜ࡢᅜቃᆅᇦࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ 3ࠊ4ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᏛ⩦ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࠊ┦஫ゼၥ࡞࡝ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚
ࡁࡓࠋ2001 ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊ3 ᰯ࡟ 1 ᰯࡀࠊⱥㄒࡲࡓࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪂ᨻ⟇࡛ࠊ2004 ᖺ⛅ࡼࡾ㸯እᅜㄒࡀ 1 ᖺ⏕ᑐ㇟࡟ṇつ⛉┠࡜ࡋ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᏛᰯ༢఩࡛ⱥㄒ࠿ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ኱ᯟࡣᑠᏛᰯᑐ㇟ࡢᩍᤵ᪉ἲㄽࢆៅ㔜࡟᳨ウࡋసᡂࡉࢀࠊ1ࠊ2 ᖺ⏕࡛㡢ኌゝㄒࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ୺య࡜ࡋࠊホ౯ࡣグ㏙ⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ3ࠊ
4 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡀᑟධࡉࢀࠊᡂ⦼ホ౯ࡶⅬᩘ໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢻ࢖ࢶྛᕞࡣ⌧ᅾࠊಖᏲ࣭㠉᪂ࢆၥࢃࡎࠊᑠᏛᰯࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᑟධࢆࡵࡄࡾࠊゝㄒ㑅ᢥࡸホ౯᪉ἲ࡞࡝ࢆලయⓗ࡟᳨ウ࣭ヨ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2004 ᖺ࠿ࡽእᅜㄒᩍ⫱㸦ከࡃࡣⱥㄒ㸧ࡀ඲ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊ୰➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸦ᮡ㇂┿బᏊ㸧㸱㸧ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥึ➼ᩍ⫱㸦㸴㹼12 ṓ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚カ⦎ࢆ࠺ࡅࡓ୍ேࡢᩍᖌࡀᩍ࠼ࡿࡀࠊእᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑓ㛛ࡢᩍᖌࡀᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢẁ㝵ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜ࡣࠊࠕእᅜㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠖࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࠕእᅜㄒ࡛࠸࠿࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᅗࡿࡢ࠿ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠖࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᏊ౪ࡣእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜࠸࠺ẕㄒ௨እࡢ⌧ᐇ▱ぬࢆᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩥ໬ⓗୡ⏺ࢆᣑ኱ࡋᐶᐜ࡜࠸࠺ែᗘࡢⓎ㐩ࡀᅗࡽࢀࡿࠋึ➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊ1996㹼1997 ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊ71㸣ࡢඣ❺ࡀⱥㄒࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊ㸰㸣ࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEU ෆ࡛ࡶࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢࡇࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡢ㧗ࡉࡣᢤࡁࢇ࡛࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝ࡟ḟ࠸࡛ 2 ఩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࠊእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡣ 1 ゝㄒ࠿ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ඲ࡃᏛࡤ࡞࠸࠿ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦୕ዲᗣᏊ㸧㸲㸧࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢᏛᰯࡀᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚እᅜㄒࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ
㏻ᖖ Key Stage 396

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5

㸦7 Ꮫᖺࠊ11 Ꮫᖺ㸧࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ11 ṓࡢ⏕ᚐࡣእᅜㄒࢆ㸯ࡘᏛᰯ࡛Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ඲Ꮫᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᭱ࡶከࡃᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࣇ
ࣛࣥࢫㄒ㸦80㸣㸧ࠊḟ࠸࡛ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ㸦20㸣㸧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࡶᩘࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀከ࠸⌮⏤ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟ࠊṔྐⓗ࡞஦᝟࡜ࡣู࡟ࠊ
Ꮫᰯࡀᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜㄒࡀࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡼࡿࠋ
1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽ 1970 ᖺ௦ึࡵ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ⣙ 17,000 ேࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪩ᮇ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒᩍ⫱ࡢࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺィ⏬ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ㄽࡣࠕ8 ṓ࠿ࡽࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ㄒࢆ⩦ࡗࡓ୰➼Ꮫᰯࡢ⏕ᚐࡀࠊ11 ṓ࡛ึࡵ࡚⩦࠺⏕ᚐ࡜ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ఱࡽࡢᕪ␗ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡢእᅜㄒᥦ౪ࡣࠊ᪩ᛴ࡟๐ࡾྲྀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ1989 ᖺ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣ኱ከᩘࡢᑠ
Ꮫᰯ࡛ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ᪩ᮇእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ2000 ᖺࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ᑠ
Ꮫᰯ 3 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺࡢ⏕ᚐࡀᅾᏛࡍࡿᏛᰯࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ 21㸣ࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡀ⩌ࢆᢤࡁࠊ௨ୗࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࡢ㡰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࠕእᅜㄒᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ࠖࠊࠕእᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡢᴦࡋࡳ࡜⇕ពࢆቑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࠖࠊࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ゝㄒⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࠖ
ࠕ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ㐃ྜࡢ୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᮾ┿㡲⨾ࠊ➉ෆ៞Ꮚ㸧㸳㸧࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜᕞᅜ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲ࡟ࡣබ⏝ㄒつᐃࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓἲⓗ᰿ᣐࢆࡶࡘゝㄒࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊⱥㄒࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝♫఍඲య࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟බ⏝ㄒࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧≧ࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ⛣Ẹࡢቑຍࠊከᩥ໬໬ࠊከゝㄒ໬ࡀ㐍ࡴ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊⱥㄒࢆබ⏝ㄒ࡜つᐃࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
18 ୡ⣖ࡢ᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦࠿ࡽ⊂❧࡟࠸ࡓࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒヰ⪅ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲㄒࠊࠖࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࡢゝㄒ࡞࡝ࠊከࡃࡢヰ⪅ࡀ♫఍ࡢᵓᡂဨ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾゝㄒࡢከᵝᛶࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ19 ୡ⣖ࡢす㒊㛤ᣅᮇ࡟ࡣࠊྜ⾗ᅜࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒヰ⪅ࡢఫࡴ㡿ᇦࡲ࡛㡿ᅵࢆᗈࡆࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡟ఫࡴ⪅ࡣⱥㄒࢆඹ㏻ゝㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ṕྐࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ┒ࢇ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢゝㄒ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1968 ᖺࠊึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ἲࡢ➨ 7 ⦅࡛97᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ஧ゝㄒ౑⏝ᩍ⫱ἲࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࠋබᩍ⫱࡛ⱥㄒ࡟ၥ㢟࡟࠶ࡿ⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢゝㄒⓗ㓄៖࡜ゝㄒᶒࢆዡບࡋࡓ⏬ᮇⓗ࡞ἲᚊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊⱥㄒࢆᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽ୍㒊ࡢ⛉┠࡛ⱥㄒ௨እ࡟ẕㄒ㸦౛㸸ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡞࡝㸧࡛Ꮫ࡭ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
21 ୡ⣖ࡢᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊࢯ㐃ࡢேᕤ⾨ᫍࢫࣉ࣮ࢺࢽࢡࢫᡴࡕୖࡆᡂຌ㸦1957㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢ㐜ࢀࡢㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓ᫬ᮇ࡜ࠊ1980 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾ࡟࠸ࡓࡿ᫬ᮇ࡛ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᇶ♏ᩍ⫱ࡢ୙㊊ࡀᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡟ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᩍ
⫱ᨵ㠉ࡀᢲࡋ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࠊࠕ200 ᖺࡢ┠ᶆ㸸࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᩍ⫱ἲࠖࡣࠊ᰾⛉┠࡜࡞ࡿ 2 ゝㄒ௨ୖࡢ⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘ⏕ᚐࡢ๭ྜࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1998 ᖺ࡛ࡣࠊ32 ࡢᕞࡀఱࡽ࠿ࡢᙧ࡛୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟እᅜㄒࡢᚲಟᛶࢆ
ㄆࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ6 ᕞ㸦࢔ࣜࢰࢼࠊ㸧ࣝ࢖ࢪ࢔ࢼࠊ࢔࣮࢝ࣥࢯ࣮ࠊࣔࣥࢱࢼࠊ࢜ࢡ࣐ࣛ࣍ࠊࣀ࣮ࢫ࢝ࣟࣛ࢖ࢼ㸧࡛ࡣึ➼Ꮫᰯ࡛እᅜㄒࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋእᅜㄒ⛉┠ࡢᅜᐙᇶ‽ 1996 ᖺ∧࡛ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊ
࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝㄒࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1999 ᖺ∧࡛ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ㸦໭ிㄒ㸧ࠊྂ඾ゝㄒ㸦ࣛࢸࣥㄒࠊྂ඾ࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒ࡞࡝㸧ࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊࣟࢩ࢔ㄒࡀ㏣ຍࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟ᑐ㇟ゝㄒࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㸦┦ᕝ┿బኵ㸧㸴㸧࢝ࢼࢲ
1965 ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊࣔࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ࢜ࣝ㑹እ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ⣔ఫẸࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᩥ໬ࡢ⌮ゎ࡞࡝ࢆ୺࡞┠ᶆ࡟ᥖࡆࠊⱥㄒ࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢࣂ࢖ࣜࣥ࢞ࣝࢆ┠ᣦࡍᩍ⫱㸦French Immersion Program㸧ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ࢝ࢼࢲ඲ᇦࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸦ึ➼Ꮫᰯ㸧ࠊ୰Ꮫ࣭㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨㸰ゝㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࡢᤵᴗࡀ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊCore French Program ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࠊᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣᚲಟࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ㑅ᢥ⛉┠࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẖ᪥ 20㹼40ศ㛫ࡢᤵᴗࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊᖺ㛫࡛ࡣ 60㹼120 ᫬㛫ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ➨஧ゝㄒᩍ⫱ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡛ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒࢆබ❧ࡢᏛᰯ࡛ᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᕞࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞ࡛ࡣࣃࣥࢪࣕࣅㄒࢆ 1996 ᖺᗘࡣ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ 2 Ꮫᖺ࡟ࠊ1997 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 Ꮫᖺ࠿ࡽ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ 3 Ꮫᖺࡲ࡛࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊࢫ࣌
࢖ࣥㄒࡣ 1998 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ࠿ࡽ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ 3 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࡇࢀࡽࡢゝㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࠊ┠ⓗࡣ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡇࢀࡽࡢゝㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ពᛮ␯㏻ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿゝㄒయ㦂ࢆࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋ㸦Ἑྜᛅோࠊ୰ᯘ㸧98

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5㸵㸧࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔
1970 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢከᩥ໬୺⩏ᨻ⟇࡬ࡢ⛣⾜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⛣Ẹ࡜ඛఫẸࡢゝㄒ࣭ᩥ໬ࡢ⥔ᣢࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓከࡃࡢゝㄒᨻ⟇ࡀ࡜ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊⱥㄒࡀᅜᐙㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲࡚ࡢᅜẸࡀ㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵ ESL㸦➨ 2 ゝㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⱥㄒ㸧ᩍ⫱ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࢔࣎ࣟࢪࢽ࡞࡝ࡢゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ゝㄒࢆᅜࡢ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚⥔ᣢⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࠊ⌧ᅾࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊ࣐࣮ࣞㄒ
ࡢ 9 ࡘࡢゝㄒࢆ᫂♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ 1991 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊⱥㄒࢆẕㄒࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊ࡟ຎࡿከᩘࡢᅜẸࠊⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸⛣Ẹࡢࡓࡵࡢⱥㄒ㆑Ꮠᩍ⫱ࡶ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㞠⏝࣭ᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎┬ࡢ͇Program 1993㹼1994͇࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ዡゝㄒࡣḟࡢゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࣎ࣟࢪࢽ࣭ࢺࣞࢫᾏᓙ⥴ᓥẸࡢゝㄒࠊ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ㄒࠊ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࠊᮅ㩭ㄒࠊ⌧௦ࢠࣜࢩࣕㄒࠊࣟࢩ
࢔ㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊࢱ࢖ㄒࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ㄒࢆᣲࡆࠊྛᕞࡣࡇࡢ୰࠿ࡽ 8 ࡘࡢゝㄒࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡑࡢᩍᤵ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ண⟬ࡀ࠾ࡾࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅉࡳ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊ1994 ᖺ࡛ࡣ 28 ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ 2,185 ேࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ௒᪥࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢゼၥ⪅ࡶከࡃࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛࡪேࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ㸦℈ᔱ ⪽㸧䠒䠊᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱䜈䛾♧၀㻌➨ 40 ᅇ኱Ꮫⱥㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍㸦JACET㸧඲ᅜ኱఍㸦2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸧ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣮࣒࡛ࣗᮏ㢟ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣୗグࡢሗ࿌ࡢ୰࡛ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟せ⣙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗᾏእࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࠘኱Ꮫⱥㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍㸦JACET㸧㛵すᨭ㒊◊✲఍Ⓨ⾜ձ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍဨ࣭ᣦᑟ⪅ࡢ᪩ᛴ࡞㣴ᡂղⱥㄒࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ࡢά⏝࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᩍဨࡢᾏእ◊ಟࡢಁ㐍ճࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ࢝ࢸ࢕ࣈᩍᤵἲࡢᑟධ࡜ࠊᣦᑟゝㄒ࡟ࡼࡿᣦᑟἲࡢ☜❧մ⥲ྜᏛ⩦ࡢ୍⎔࠿ࠊ㸯ᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡉࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᚭᗏⓗ᳨ウյᣦᑟ┠ᶆࡢ᫂☜໬࠾ࡼࡧࠊ฿㐩ᗘ┠ᶆࡢタᐃ࡜฿㐩ᗘホ౯ไᗘࡢᑟධնᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡢⱥㄒ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢⱥㄒࡢ㐃ᦠ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᩚྜᛶշࠕ㡢ࠖࢆ㔜どࡋࡓ⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚యᚓࡋࡸࡍ࠸ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᣦᑟἲࡢ㛤Ⓨոᅜࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢ☜❧࡜ᣦᑟἲ

99᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼࡇࢀࡣ 10 ᖺ๓ࡢぢゎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍㒊ࡣࡍ࡛࡟ゎỴ῭ࡳࡢ㡯┠ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࡀࠊከࡃࡢ♧၀ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊմࡢ⥲ྜᏛ⩦ࡢ୍㈏࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᩥ⛉┬ࡢᣦᑟ࡛ 2011 ᖺࡼࡾᑠᏛᰯ 5㹼6 ᖺ࡛⩏ົ໬ࡉࢀᩍ⛉࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊոࡢၥ㢟ࡶゎỴ῭ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑠ⏣ษᑦⓏࡣࠕⱥㄒࡢ᪩ᮇᩍ⫱ࡣ㐍ࡵࡿ࡭ࡁࡔࠖ࡜㢟ࡍࡿᢞ✏ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㦵Ꮚࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸦ཎᩥࡢࡲࡲ㸧ࠋヲࡋࡃࡣࠊࠕ࢔ࢦࣛ㸫ࣛ࢖ࣈࢻ࢔ࣈࣟࢢࠖࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ( agora-web.jp/archives/1020455.html )㸯㸧እᅜㄒࢆ᪩࠸᫬ᮇࠊ౛࠼ࡤᑠᏛ⏕᫬௦࠿ࡽᏛࡪ࡜ࠊゝㄒ⬟ຊ࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࡀฟࡿࠋ᪩ᮇࡢእᅜㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࡀゝㄒ⬟ຊ࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ౛ࢆࡳุ࡚᩿ࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౛࠼ࡤࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠋࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝ
࡛ࡣඹ㏻ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⱥㄒ࡜ẕᅜㄒ㸦୰ᅜㄒࠊ࣐࣮ࣞㄒࠊࢱ࣑࣮ࣝㄒ㸧ࡢ஧ࣨᅜㄒࡢ⩦ᚓࡀ⩏ົ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟஧࢝ᅜᩍ⫱ࡣᗂ⛶ᅬ࠿ࡽࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡍࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬Ꮿ࡛ࡣẕᅜㄒࠊᏛᰯ࡛ࡣⱥㄒࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ୕ࣨᅜㄒ௨ୖ⩦ᚓࡍࡿேࡶከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝேࡢⱥㄒຊࡢ⣲ᬕࡽࡋࡉࡣከࡃࡢேࡀᐇឤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲ
ࡍࠋIEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ࡜࠸࠺ࢸࢫࢺࡣྛᅜࡢ༑ṓඣࡢⱥㄒࡢㄞゎຊࢆẚ㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢᏊ
౪ࡣⱥㄒࢆẕᅜㄒ࡟ࡍࡿᅜࠎࡢᏊ౪࡟࠾࡜ࡽࡠ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ᡂ⦼ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋၥ㢟ࡣࠊᅜẸ඲ဨࢆࣂ࢖ࣜࣥ࢞ࣝ࡟⫱࡚ୖࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ࡀࠊྠᅜẸࡢゝㄒຊ࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡍࠋ⚾࡟ᙼࡽࡢ୰ᅜㄒ➼ࡢ⬟ຊࡣุ᩿࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊẕᅜㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐙᗞ࡛ᖖ࡟ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾࠊᏛᰯ
࡛ࡶࣂࢵࢳࣜຮᙉࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ࠿ࡽࠊ༑ศ࡞ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺࠿ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊ඲ࡃฟ⮬ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ」ᩘࡢゝㄒ࡟ᗂᑡᮇ࠿ࡽࡩࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊゝㄒࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ௚ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ࡶࣉࣛࢫ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ
㸰㸧እᅜㄒࡀୗᡭ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏேࡣ❧ὴ࡟ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡋࠊࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࠕࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾ኱ᅜࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ࣓࣮࣮࢝࡟ࡣࠕ໶ࡢ
ᢏࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࠊⰋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㯲ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶᾏእ࠿ࡽ〇ရࢆ㈙࠸࡟᮶ࡿࠊ
࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࡑࢀ࡛⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕእ
ᅜㄒ࡞ࢇ࡚࠸ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨ᝿ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡢࡶ↓⌮ࡀ࡞࠸㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋ
࠿ࡋࠕ㯲ࡗ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࡶࡢࢆసࡗ࡚ࡉ࠼࠸ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࡣࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ⤊100

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5ࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᫖௒ࠊᾏእᕷሙ࡛ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚ᡂຌࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᕷሙ࡛ἲᚊࠊ఍ィࠊ⛯㔠ࠊᨻ἞࣭࣭࣭࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞Ⅼ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚☜ᐇ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᚲ
せࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࣔࣀ࡙ࡃࡾ⮬య࡟ࡶຎࡽࡎ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ᚲせ࡞࢖ࣥࣇࣛࡣࠕⱥㄒ࡛ࠖࡍࠋࠕ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࡛ࠖࡶእ
ேࢆࢺࢵࣉ࡟㏄࠼ࡓ᪥⏘ࡸࢯࢽ࣮ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊᴦኳࡸࣘࢽࢡࣟ࡞࡝࡛ࡶⱥㄒࢆ♫ෆඹ㏻ㄒ࡟ࡍࡿືࡁࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡶᙜ↛࡜ゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ㸱㸧ⱥㄒࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏᅜẸࡢ୍㒊ࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢ୍⯡ேࡣⱥㄒࢆ⩦࠺ᚲせࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕហẸᛮ᝿ࠖ࡜ࡣ↓⦕ࡢᅜ࡛ࡋࡓࠋỤᡞ᫬௦࡟ࡣ඲ᅜ࡟ 15,000ࡶࡢᑎᏊᒇࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㌟ศࡸ⏨ዪࡢู࡞ࡃࠕㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡑࢁࡤࢇࠖࢆ࡞ࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᑎᏊᒇࡢ୰ᚰ⛉┠ࡣㄽㄒࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ₎ᩥ㸦୰ᅜㄒ㸧ࡢㄞゎ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛Ụᡞ᫬௦࠿ࡽ᫂἞᫬௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚᭩ᗑ࡟ࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୰ᅜㄒࡢ᭩⡠ࡀ୪ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡋࠊࡕࡻࡗ࡜ᚰᚓࡀ࠶ࡿே࡛ࡋࡓࡽ⯆ࡀ஌ࢀࡤ₎リࡢ୍ࡘࡸ஧ࡘࢆࡉࡽࡗ࡜᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃே࡛ࡋࡓࡽࠕ㙐ᅜ᫬௦࡟ࠊᗢẸ࡟୰ᅜㄒ࡛ᮒᏊᏛࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡶព࿡ࡀ࡞࠸ࠊṊኈ࡞࡝ࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡔࡅࡀຮᙉࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠕࣖࢡࢨࡢぶศࡸ㎰Ẹࡲ࡛ࡶࡀ₎ᩥࢆᏛࢇࡔࠖࡢ࡛ࡍ㸦ࠕ₎ᩥࡢ⣲㣴ࠖຍ⸨ᚭⴭࡼࡾ㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ⤒῭࣭ᩥ໬ࡢⓎᒎ࡟኱࠸࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ␲࠸࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢⱥㄒ⩦ᚓࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡣỤᡞ᫬௦ࡢ₎ᩥ࡜ࡣẚ࡭≀࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡯࡝㧗࠸࡛ࡍࠋ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ᝟ሗࡢ஑๭ࡀⱥㄒ࡛᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊⱥㄒࡀㄞࡵࢀࡤࠊ௙஦ࡸᏛᴗࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿ஦᯶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ୡ⏺ࡢ᭱ඛ➃ࡢ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࢇ࡞౽฼࡞㐨ලࢆ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡔࡅࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡜ࡶ࠶ࢀࠊ௒ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡛ၥ㢟࡞࠸࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪩ᮇᩍ⫱ࡀࢲ࣓ࠊ࡜࠸࠺᪉ࠎࠊ࡛ࡣ࡝࠺࠸࠺ⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡀⰋ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠋࡐࡦࡑࡇࢆᩍ࠼࡚㡬ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ䠓䠊⤖ㄽ䠄䜐䛩䜃䠅㻌᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྛ᪉㠃ࡢ㈨ᩱ࠿ࡽ⧳ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚲせᛶ࡟␗ㄽࢆၐ࠼ࡿேࡣ࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ♫఍᝟ໃ࡛ࡣࠕእᅜㅖᅜ࡟㈇ࡅ࡞࠸
ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡶࡗ࡜✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠖ࡜せᮃࡀከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊḟࡢ 7 㡯┠ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ101᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼձゝㄒࡣே㛫♫఍࡟୙ྍḞࡢ኱ษ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᗂ࠸㡭࠿ࡽ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࠋղୡ⏺࡟ࡣከࡃࡢゝㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⪃࠼ࡸ⾜ື࡟ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵࠋճእᅜㄒࢆᏛࡧࠊእᅜᩥ໬ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ」║ⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠋմⱥㄒࡣⱥ⡿ㅖᅜࡢゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௒᪥࡛ࡣ୍✀ࡢୡ⏺ඹ㏻ㄒ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ᑗ᮶⏝࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵࠋյୡ⏺ඹ㏻ㄒࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢඣ❺ࡀ࠾஫࠸࡟ᴦࡋࡳࠊ⌮ゎࡋ࠶࠺ࡓࡵࠋնእᅜㄒࢆ᪩ࡃ࠿ࡽᏛࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊຠᯝⓗ࡟⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࠋշࡘࡂ࡟ࡃࡿ୰Ꮫᰯ࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫࡲ࡛ࡢゝㄒ◊✲ࡢ‽ഛࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍᤵἲࡶᩍ⛉᭩࣭ᩍᮦࡶከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࠊ࡝ࢀࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ࠿ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡞ᣦᑟࢆᕥྑࡍࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊྛࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛⥥ᐦ࡟㆟ㄽࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚Ỵᐃࡋ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢⱞ㞴ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⾜ᨻࡶண⟬ⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜࠸᪥ᮏࡢ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡀ඘ᐇࡋࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᅜ㝿ேࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ⇕ᮃࡍࡿḟ➨࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩྿⏣ᕷ❧༓㔛ࡓࡅࡳᑠᏛᰯࠗ2010 ⱥㄒάືᣦᑟ᱌㞟࠘2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶኱㜰ᗓᩍ⫋ဨ஫ຓ⤌ྜࠗᏘห஫ຓࡔࡼࡾ࣮᫓ྕ VOL.8࠘2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶㸦8㹼11 㡫㸧኱㜰ᗓᩍ⫋ဨ஫ຓ⤌ྜࠗᏘห஫ຓࡔࡼࡾ࣮ኟྕ VOL.9࠘2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶㸦18㹼19 㡫㸧ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍ࠗࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࢕࣭࢚ࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➨ 3 ྕ࠘2010 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸦153㹼168 㡫㸧ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ࠗⱥㄒࣀ࣮ࢺձ&ղ࠘2009 ᖺ 4 ᭶ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ ࠗHi, friends㸟㸯&㸰࠘2012 ᖺ 4 ᭶኱Ꮫⱥㄒᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍㸦JACET㸧㛵すᨭ㒊ࠗᾏእࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࠘◊✲఍ࠗࠕඛ㐍ㅖ ᅜࠖࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱̿᪥ᮏࡢእᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡬ࡢ♧၀࠘2002 ᖺ 3 ᭶ᇉ⏣┤ᕭ┘ಟࠗ᪩ᮇⱥㄒᩍ⫱࠘኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑ 1997 ᖺ 6 ᭶
Jane Willis (2001) A Framework for Task-Based Learning, Longman.
୰⏣㈡அ㸦1999㸧ࠗゝㄒᏛ⩦ࣔࢸ࢕࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸫⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶㸫࠘ᮾி㸸࣮ࣜ࣋ ࣝฟ∧.
୰⏣㈡அ࣭ᮌᮧ⿱୕࣭ඵᓥᬛᏊ㸦2003㸧ⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸸ከᵝ࡞࢔102

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ ࠗJACET 㛵す⣖せ࠘➨㸵ྕ㸪1-20.
୰ᯘ┾బ⏨ࠊẶᮌ㐨ேࠊẶᮌᏕோ⦅ⴭ㸦2001 ᖺ㸧ࠗ⩻ヂධ㛛̿ⱥ᪥⦅̿࠘኱㜰ᩍ⫱ᅗ᭩బ⸨ᬕ㞝㸦2003㸧ࠗ⌧௦ᩍ⫱ᴫㄽ࠘Ꮫ㝧᭩ᡣࠊ82 㡫ᩍ⫱ᛮ᝿ྐᏛ఍⦅㸦2000㸧ࠗᩍ⫱ᛮ᝿஦඾࠘์ⲡ᭩ᡣࠊ522 㡫ᓥᮏࡓ࠸Ꮚࠊᐑ㔝ᬛᬕࠊJodi Flower㸦2003㸧Essential Grammar for the TOEICTest,࣐ࢡ࣑࣭ࣛࣥࣛࣥࢤ࣮ࢪࣁ࢘ࢫ༓⏣₶୍㸦2002㸧ࠕⱥㄒࡀ౑࠼ࡿ᪥ᮏேࠖ⫱ᡂࣉࣛࣥⓎື㸪͇The English Teachers’
Magazine November 2002”
Yashima, T. (2000), Orientations and motivation in foreign language learning: A studyof Japanese college students. JACET Bulletin, 31, 121-133.
ඵᓥᬛᏊ㸦2004㸧ࠗእᅜㄒࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᝟ື࡜ືᶵ㸫◊✲࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢどⅬ㸫࠘኱㜰㸸㛵す኱Ꮫฟ∧㒊

103᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵࡛ࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼᖹᆒὀ┠⋡ㅮ⩏ᙧᘧ㸳㸣࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ10㸣
ど⫈ぬᩍᮦ20㸣Ⓨ⾲ᙧᘧ30㸣㞟ᅋウㄽᙧᘧ50㸣య㦂ⓗᏛ⩦
75%ᶍᨃᤵᴗ࡜Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜࡢά⏝90%

 ࠝ୰ᯘ࣭஝సᡂࠞᅗ㸯࣭㺀Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㝵ᒙᛶ㺁

104