BulletinofGlaciologicalResearch21（2004）6569⑥JapaneseSociety ofSnowandIce（i．了Stratigraphyandjcegrainsofa25．3rTlicecorefromSofiyskiyGlacier，RussianAltaiMountains，in2001

Takao KAMEDAl，YoshiyukiFUJll2，KeisukeSUZUKl3，Mika KOHNOl，Fumio NAKAZAWA
Jun UETAKE5，Lev Nl．SAVATYUGIN6，SergueiM．ARKHIPOV7，lvan A．PONOMAREV8an

Nikolay N．MtKHAtLOV81KitamiInstituteofTechnology，165，Koen−Cho，Kitami，Hokkaido O908507Japan

2NationalInstituteofPolarResearch，910，KagalChome，Itabashi−ku，Tokyo1738515Japan

3DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences，FacultyofScience，ShinshuUniversity，3Ll−1，Asahi，Matsumoto，Nagano3908621Ja
4GraduateSchoolofScience，Nagoya University，Furo−Cho，Chikusa−ku，Nagoya464−8601Japan
5FacultyofBioscienceandBiotechnology，TokyoInstituteofTechnology，00kayama，Meguro−ku，Tokyo1528551Japan
6ArcticandAntarcticResearchInstitute，BeringaStr．38，St．Petersburg199397RussianFederation
7InstituteofGeography，RussianAcademyofSciences，Staromonetniylane29，MoscowlO9017RussianFederation
8Faculty ofGeography，AltaiStateUniversity，Dimitrova Str．66，Barnau1656099Russian Federation（ReceivedOctober2，2003；Revisedmanuscriptreceived November19，2003）

AbstractThispaperfocusesonresultsofvisualstratigraphyandicegrainanalysis ofa25．3micecore

fromSofiyskiyGlacier，RussianAltaiMountains，reCOVeredinJuly2001．Itwasfoundthattheicecore
COnSists of firn，icy granular firn，icelayer，infiltration−reCryStalizationice andinfiltrationice．

Infiltrationiceconsistedofthickicelayerwithlargeicegrainsof5tolOmmandsparseairbubbles，

andinfiltration−reCryStalizationiceconsistedofsmallicegrainsoflto2mm．Volumepercentagesof

theicelayerandinfiltrationiceareconsideredasanindexofsnowmeltingatthesurface．Itwasalso

foundthaticelayerandinfiltrationicearefrequentlyobservedat7m，13．5to16m，18to19mand
21．5to23．5mindepths，SuggeStingwarmersummerswithinseveralyearswhensnow／iceatpresent

depthswasnearthesurfacetakingaccountofpercolationofmeltwater．
1．lntroduction

2．Coringsite，icecoreandanalyticalrTlethod

Glaciologicalinvestigationwascarriedoutonthe
accumulationareaofSofiyskiyGlacier，RussianAltai
Mountainsduring1524July2000asaJapan−Russia

FigurelshowsthelocationofSofiyskiyGlacier．
This glacierislocated at South Chuiskiy Range，
RussianAltaiMountainsinthesouthernpartofAltai

jointresearchproject．Thepurpose ofthisinvestiga・tion was to reconstruct climate and environmentrecordsinthepastthroughicecorestudy（Fujiietal．，2002）sincerecentclimatewarminghasbeenremark・ableinSiberia（e．g．ChapmanandWalsh，1993；Weller，1998）andSofiyskiyGlacierislocatedonthesouthernfringeoftheSiberianplain．
Weobtainedanicecoretoadepthof12．3mand
madea3mdeeppitworkin2000filedseasonanda
25．3micecoredrillingand4mdeeppitworkin2001

Republic，RussianFederation．Figure2shows a map
OfcampingsiteonSofiyskiyGlacier．TheGPSloca−
tionsforGPSlandGPS20ftheFig．2are49O47′40′′N，87043′44′′E and49047′41′′N，87043′43′′E，reSpeCtively．

However，thesesitescorrespondsto49047′10′′N，87O43′43′′and3，450ma．s．1．onthetopographicalmapofthis
regionpublishedbyROSKATOGRAFIYA（1／200，000；1996）．

Icecoreswereobtainedbyusingahand−augerin

2000and2001．The cores consisted of firn andice．

SeaSOn．Analyticalresultsofthe12．3mcore（stratigra・ Visualstratigraphy wasin situ recordedin a corephy，grain size and density），borehole temperature， processingtrench，andthinsectionsofthicknessO．6to

Stratigraphy for the3m deep pit，meteOrOlogicalObservations，Stableisotopeandchemicalanalysesof

the12．3mcorehavealreadybeenpublished（Fujiietalリ2000；Fujiiet al．，2002；Kameda et al．，2003）．Thispaperdescribesstratigraphyandicegrainsofthe25．
3mice core．

O．9 mm were madein situ for observations oficegrains．

3，Analyticar resultsanddiscussions
Figure3shows typicalphotographs of firn，icy

BtllietinofGlaciologicaiResearc‡l6石

Fig．1．Thelocationoftheicecoringsite（solidcircle）onSofiyskiyGlacier．

CAMPS汀EMA‡｝（2001）X

31Firn，ieelayerandinnttrationice

Plt（4，5m）●−・・・）∈−

11 1い∫1l lJ

Augu旦L20【）1．TK

Boreholel

1■でenL＄

一 ●

■lx、・

Coreproeesslngtren亡hllFirn lcelay￠rInnltr乱tioni￠elFig．2．CampsitemaponSofiyskiyGlacier．

b）lnflItrationice（CIearicetype）andinnltration−reCryStahzationice

C暮ose・uPlnnltratiolCe（Clearicetypc）InnltrationreCryStalizationiceFig．3．Photosofcore sampiesshowing a）封rn，icelayer
andinfiltrationice and b）infiltrationice andinfiltration・reCryStalizationice．

fi7

KamedaStratigraphy
−■

Iee18
n丘1t r＆tionice（elea】■■In鎚triceoricewithrandombubbledistribution：
tration‑recrystalization ice

homogeneousbubbledistribution）（ieeⅥIeyg】許an山ar丘rn［：：：：コ蝕n匹 Ce−gralnS＃：

39（18．51一柑．60m）︵ 12百︶卓dむ4
白Innltr■tioni￠●＃」Clo■ri￠●削‖（24．30−24．34m）

lOm汀l トー」

Inmtr▲tion−reCrySt＆1iz：＆tioniceFig．4．Stratigraphy ofthe25．3micecore andthecross・pOlarized photos ofthin
SeCtionofinfiltrationiceandinfiltration−reCryStalizationice，

BulletinofGlaciologicalResearch（iバ

granular firn，icelayer，infiltration−reCryStalization

MFP（％）

ice andinfiltrationice．Icy granular firn refers tocoarseandgranularfirnwhichcontainsice．Icelayer

0 20 40 60 80 100

refers toice thinner than lO mm．Infiユtration−

recrystalizationice refers toice withlarge air bub−bles，Whichareprobablyremnantofporespaceinfirn．

Infiltrationicereferstocleariceoricewithsparseair

bubbles．Terminologyforinfiltration−reCryStalization
ice andinfiltrationicecomefrom Shumskii（1964）．

4

Figure4showsstratigraphyofthe25．3micecore

andthecross−pOlarizedphotosofthinsectionofinfil−
tration jce andinfiltration−reCryStalizationice．Firn

6

withicelayerswasobservedfromthesurfaceto6．5m

8indepth，infiltration，reCryStalizationice andinfiltra−
tionicewerefoundfrom6．5to7．5mindepth．Then

firnwithicelayersappearedagaininthedepthsfrom

0

6．5to18m．Infiltrationiceisalsoobservedbetween15

and16．5min depth．Infiltration−reCryStalizationice︵∈︶
吉dむ
凸andinfiltrationice appeared from18m to25．3min
depth and no frn layers were found in this depth
range・

24Crystalsizeofinfiltrationice（icewithsparseairbubbles）a亡18．51−18．60mand21．265−21．345mindepth
rangesfrom2to4mmandfrom5tolOmm，reSpeC−
tivelyasshownin Fig．4．On the other hand，CryStal
size ofinfiltration−reCryStalizationice at24．30−24．34

16−

8mindepthisrathersmallaslto2mm asshownin

Fig．4．Itis，therefore，Clearthatinfiltrationicehasthe

larger crystalsize thaninfiltration−reCryStalizationice，becauseinfiltration−reCryStalizationice was for−medunderlessmeltwaterconditionandgraingrowth
was slow comparing with the case ofinfiltrationice（e．g．Tusima，1978）．

Thickness oficelayer andinfiltrationiceinicecores were selected as an index of surface melting（melt features）becauseicelayer andinfiltrationice

areformedbyrefreezlngOfsaturatedwaterinsnow
grains and water is supplied by percolation of melt
waterat thesnowsurface．Figure5showsa volume

Fig．5．Volumepercentageformeltfeatures（MFP）atlm
depthintervaloftheicecore．

percentageofmeltfeatures（MFP）atlm−depthinter−
Who contributed to our research project；Prof．0．
valoftheicecore．Icepercentageequation（Koerner， Watanabe of National Institute of Polar Research
1977；Kameda etal．，1995）isusedforthecalculations： （NIIPR）andProf．HugoDecleirofVrijeUniversiteit
Brussel（VUB）for valuable support for this project，〟FP（％）＝0．9S／（0．9S．＋βfふ）×100，
Dr．A．G．RedkinofAltaiStateUniversityforhiskind
where5iisthemeasuredcross・SeCtionalareaofmelt
SuppOrt，Mr．A．A．Krasilev，Mr．V．M．Shashkin anfeatures，and＄is the that of firn perlmlength， Mr．A．N．Dmitriyev of the St．Petersburg State

respectively．Thisequationcorrects fortheeffect ofdepthonfirncompaction．Itisfoundfromthefigure

Mining University for ice coring operation with anelectro−meChanicaldrill，Mr．L．M．Kaplunforcooking
thatMFPshowspeakshigherthan50％at78，15−16，goodmealsatthecamp，Dr．N．YuDoroninandMr．A．
E．KoryginofEcoshelfforlogisticsupport，andMr．S．
1820，and22−24mindepth．Thesepeaksmayindicate
A．KesselandA．Ⅴ．LogvinovofPolarRoutes，Ltd．forwarmersummerswithinseveralyearswhensnow／ice

atpresentdepthswasnearthesurfacetakingaccountofpercolationofmeltwater．
Acknowledgments
Wewouldliketoacknowledgefollowingpersons

arranglng helicopter operation．This research wasSuppOrtedbya Grant−in−AidoftheInternationalSci−

entific Research Program of the Ministry of Educa−

tion，Culture，Sports，Scienceand Technology，Japan（Principalinvestigator of the Grant：Prof．K．
KamiyamaofNIPR，11208202）．

Kameda et al．

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Chapman，W．L．andWalsh，J．E，（1993）：Recentvariationsofsea
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M．，Ponomal−eV，I．A．andMikhailov，N．N．（2002）：Outlineof
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Japan−Russia joint glaciologicalresearch on Sofiyskiy
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DoverPublications，Inc．，New York，497p，Glaciol．Res．，19，5358．
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Seasonality ofisotopicandchemicalspeciesandbiomass
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