GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba International Congress Center, Japan

Status & Prospects ofNuclear Power Generation and Fuel Cycles in Korea

Oct., 2005

Kun Jai Lee
Department of Nuclear & Quantum Engineering
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Table of Contents
1. Introduction- Overview of Korean nuclear power technology
2. Status of Nuclear Power Generation
3. Prospects of Nuclear Power System- Plan of new construction of advanced PWR- Prediction of demanding energy- Prospect of nuclear fuel cycle
4. Conclusion- Review & Vision of Korean Nuclear System

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Brief History of Nuclear Power in Korea

2020NPPs
NPPsininoperation
operation(17,716MW)(17,716 MW)

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Status of Electric Power! Installed Capacity&(")-*(+$,7.8%! Electricity Generation'$()'$6.6%!!(!+* +("!!
+$(,,*!"#$%6.5%1.7%'&,()'+&"#!%

16.4%

27.1%'+("+!

29.9%37.2%')(*$+'!)('$*./01234+"(*)!456./01234&*'(-+-4768(As of the end of 2004)(in 2004)

NuclearCoalGasGLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

OilHydroStatus of Nuclear Power Plants
Units (MW)Fuel fabrication facility

SiteInOperation

UnderConst.

Total

Kori

4(3,137)4(4,800)

8(7,937)

Wolsong4(2,779)2(2,000)

6(4,779)

Yonggwang6(5,900)-6(5,900)

Ulchin6(5,900)-6(5,900)

Total

20(17,716)

6(6,800)

26(24,516)

PWR in operation
under construction
CANDU in operation

SEOUL

Ulchin (#1,2,3,4,5,6)

DaejeonWolsung (#1,2,3,4)
Shin-Wolsong (#1,2)
Yonggwang(#1,2,3,4,5,6)

BUSAN

Kori (#1,2,3,4)
Shin-Kori (#1,2,3,4)

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Nuclear Power Plants in Operation! 20 units (17,716 MW)
Plant
Kori(KRN)
Wolsong(WSN)

Yonggwang(YGN)

Ulchin(UCN)

Reactor Type
#1
#2
#3
#4
#1
#2
#3
#4
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6

PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR
PWR

Capacity(MW)
650587950950679
700
700
700
950
950
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
950
950
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

NSSS
Supplier
W/H
W/H
W/H
W/H
AECL

Plant
A/E
GilbertGilbertBechtel/KOPEC
Bechtel/KOPEC

AECL

AECL/DOOSAN
AECL/DOOSAN
AECL/DOOSAN

AECL/KOPEC
AECL/KOPEC
AECL/KOPEC

W/H
W/H
DOOSANDOOSANDOOSANDOOSAN
Framatome
Framatome
DOOSANDOOSANDOOSANDOOSAN

Bechtel/KOPEC
Bechtel/KOPEC
KOPEC
KOPEC
KOPEC
KOPEC

Framatome
Framatome
KOPEC
KOPEC
KOPEC
KOPEC

Commercial
Operation’78.04’83.07’85.09’86.04’83.04’97.06’98.06’99.09’86.08’87.06’95.03’96.01’02.05’02.12’88.09’89.09’98.08’99.12’04.07’05.06NSSS : Nuclear Steam Supply System, A/E : Architect Engineering
GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Operating Performance

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Evolution of Project Contract Scheme

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Development of Standard Model

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Benefits of Standardization

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Prospect of Energy Demand250

1400200’80~’90’90~’00

Gross Domestic Product

8.6

6.1

Energy Consumption

7.8

7.5

1200

1000

150800

GDP100600

Energy400
50200001980

1985

1990

19962001

2006

Year

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

2011

2015

2020

GDP (Billion $, 1996 Value)

Final Energy Consumption (MTOE)

Growth Rate (%/yr)

Prospect of Electric Power (until 2015)

27,316

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Nuclear Power Development Plan

2005. 10
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Nuclear Power Plants under Construction! 6 units (6,800 MW)
Plant

ReactorType

Capacity(MW)

NSSS & TG
Supplier

Plant
A/E

Commercial
Operation

Shin-Kori

#1

PWR

1,000

DOOSAN

KOPEC

2009. 12(Shin-KRN)

#2

PWR

1,000

DOOSAN

KOPEC

2010. 10Shin-Wolsong

#1

PWR

1,000DOOSAN

KOPEC

2011. 09

(Shin-WSN)

#2

PWR

1,000

DOOSAN

KOPEC

2012. 09

#3

PWR

1,400

DOOSAN

KOPEC

2012. 06

#4

PWR

1,400

DOOSAN

KOPEC

2013. 06

Shin-Kori

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Fuel Cycle Facilities in Korea! Nuclear Fuel Supply- Uranium for fuel comes from Australia, Canada, the U.K, France,
Russia, the U.S and South Africa- Conversion and enrichment services come from the U.S., the U.K., France,
Canada and Russia by long-term contracts- Fuel fabrication services are fully localized to meet domestic needs! Korea Nuclear Fuel Company(KNFC)- KNFC has supplied PWR fuel since 1990 and Candu PHWR fuel since 1987
- KNFC has capacity of 550 t/yr for PWR fuel and 700 t/yr for Candu
PHWR fuel

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Projected Waste Management Plan in Korea

Construction and Operation of Facility for Disposal of Low and Intermediate
Level Radioactive Wastes-Disposal capacity: initial 100,000 drums ( final 800,000 drums )-Operation start year: 2008
-Disposal type: to determine after site selection (vault or cavern type)-Main Host : Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd. (KHNP)

Construction and Operation of Interim Storage Facility for Spent Fuels-Storage capacity: initial 2,000 tons (final 20,000 tons)-Operation start year: 2016
-Storage type: to determine later after considering the site condition and thetechnology development trend (wet or dry type)-Main Host : Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd. (KHNP)GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Projected Waste Management Plan in Korea! Establishment of New Law for LLW Disposal Repository- Spent fuel storage site separated- Put in force on June 2005
- More transparent and new process- Voluntary application of Local government with endorsement of residents
through popular referendum- Incentive offer valued of U.S$300 Million(and $8.5million annual fee’s)- Construct proton high energy accelerator near the site
- Headquarters of KHNP will be moved! Currently 4 local government applied- popular referendum is planned on Nov. 2! Spent fuel storage site
-will be determined after public consensus
GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Korean NPP Plan and Spent Fuel Arisings•Spent Fuel Arisings (End of 2004)– PWR : 3,397 ton– CANDU: 3,889 ton
NPP Sites

Storage Capacity (tU)

Accumulation(tU)

Site name# of units

Kori

4

2,007

1,415

Yonggwang

62,0941,140Ulchin

61,990842

Wolsong

4

4,336

3,889

10,427

7,286

total

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Korean NPP Plan and Spent Fuel Arisings! Prospect of Spent Fuel Generation
25000

PWR S/FCANDU S/F
Total
20000

15000
(MTU)
10000

Capacity
limitations
PWR

5000

CANDU
2006

2007

0200020052010(YEAR)GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

2015

2020

Back-End Fuel Cycle Options in Korea• Options for back-end fuel cycle in the future① Direct disposal② DUPIC → waste disposal③ Pyroprocessing/Transmutation → waste disposal

PWR
Spent FuelReduction toMetal
DUPIC FuelFabrication

Pyroprocessing

FastReactor

(I)

HYPER

( III )
DirectDisposal( II )CANDUGLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Gen-IVProspect of Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle : KIEP-21“K : Korea, I : Innovative, E : Environmentally friendly, P : Proliferation resistant”
2000s

2030s
Prototype ADS

Future-type Reactors
Proliferation-resistant Fuel Cycle

Prototype LMR

Metal FuelPWR
(KSNP)(TRU, FP, I, Tc)

Metal Fuel(U, TRU, Impurity FP)
CANDUSpentFuel

Pyroprocess

DUPIC
FuelOREOXGLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

Disposal of Radwaste

Projection of Nuclear Electricity Generation up to 2050
Main Assumptions• Electricity demand per capita : ~6,500 kWh/man/year in 2004
in 2100 : 11,000kWh/man/year(reference), 10,000kWh/man/year(Low), 13,000kWh/man/year(High)• Nuclear Share : 46.7% in 2020 continues up to 2050
• Population : about 50 million in 2020 from the database of Korea National Statistical Office (http://www.nso.go.kr).

Population increase rate after 2021 is “Zero”
350

Nuclear Electricity Generation (TWH/Year)

300

250

Planned Data
200

Historical Data
Reference150Low
High

100

50078
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
1902
2006
20

1020

1420

1820

2220Year

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan262030
2034
20

38
20

4220

46
2050
20

Projection of Nuclear Spent Fuel : ( DUPIC+FR ) Closed Fuel Cycle Option
100"" Reuse
Reuse ofof PWR
PWR SFSF inin SFR
SFR byby pyro-processing
pyro-processing"" Recycle
Recycle ofof SFR
SFR SF
SF byby Pyro-processing
Pyro-processing

Spent Fuel Arising for Final Disposal (MtHM)

90

Once Through"" Loading
Loading ofof DUPIC
DUPIC fuelfuel forfor 20
20 years
years after
after
refurbishment
refurbishment ofof existing
existing CANDUs
CANDUs"" SFRSFR 15%15% inin 2050
2050 andand 30%
30% inin 2100
2100

80
70
60
50
40

SFR

KIEP-2130
201001980

2000

2020

2040

GLOBAL 2005 International Conference, Tsukuba, Japan2060

2080

2100

Review- Excellent Nuclear Power Generation Capability and Experience“Clean”
Korea- Current issue: Siting for LLW Disposal Repository andSpent Fuel Storage Problem

21st century : Vision
Completion of
Closed Fuel Cycle

A Leading CountryofNuclear Technology

Solution ofS.F problem

Self-reliance ofFuel Cycle
Technology
Sustaining Growthof Nuclear PowerSystems