Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5

ᛯᴾ ૨ᴾ‫ܖٻ‬λᚾСࡇỉ‫ٶ‬ಮ҄Ệ᧙ẴỦൔ᠋ЎௌḘḘі΁ࠊ‫ئ‬ỆấẬỦᚸ̖ᾆᆏ⣧Ꮚ 㸪すᮧ࿴㞝 㸪ᖹ⏣⣧୍ 㸪ඵᮌ໷ྠᚿ♫኱Ꮫ♫఍Ꮫ㒊㸪ி㒔኱Ꮫ⤒῭◊✲ᡤ㸪❧࿨㤋࢔ࢪ࢔ኴᖹὒ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿⤒ႠᏛ㒊㸪ྠᚿ♫኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊A Comparative Analysis of the Diversification of UniversityAdmissions Systems: A Labor Market-Based Assessment* Faculty of Social Studies, Doshisha University,** Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University,*** College of International Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University,**** Faculty of Economics, Doshisha University

This paper examines all types of admissions systems currently in place in Japan, andevaluates the relative performance of those systems in the labor market using graduate
income. In particular, by comparing the relative performance of admission systems
requiring academic testing against that of those that do not, the consequences of the rapid
diversification of university admission systems seen from the mid-1980s onwards areevaluated. The analysis of the survey responses indicates that, the average income forgraduates who had enrolled in universities via systems requiring academic testing wasstatistically significantly higher than for graduates of universities not requiring academic
testing as part of the admissions system. According to whether academic testing had beenrequired or not, the results for female graduates indicate greater disparity in average income
than the results for male graduates only. Moreover, the income difference was greater
among science graduates than humanities graduates. It is without doubt that the impact ofthe diversification of university admissions systems should be examined from multiple
angles, but the findings of this research suggest that graduates who were subject toacademic testing as part of the admission system to their respective universities areassessed higher in the labor market.

Keywords : admission system, academic testing, labor market,average income࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ኱Ꮫධヨไᗘ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ㸪ປാᕷሙ㸪ᖹᆒᡤᚓ** ࠛ ி㒔ᕷᕥி༊ྜྷ⏣ᮏ⏫ ி㒔኱Ꮫ⤒῭◊✲ᡤCorrespondence concerning this article should be sent to: Kazuo Nishimura, Institute of Economic
Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, JAPAN
Email: nishimura@kier.kyoto-u.ac.jp኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿẚ㍑ศᯒ

䠍䠊䛿䛨䜑䛻
኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡣ㸪ᖜᗈ࠸どⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ⬟ຊホ౯ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1985ᖺࡢ⮫᫬ᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟఍⟅⏦ࢆዎᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃᗈࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⟅⏦ࡀฟ࡚࠿ࡽ 25 ᖺవࡾࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ⌧ᅾ㸪ᨵࡵ࡚ࡇࡢධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព
࿡ࢆᣢࡕ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢬ࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫධᏛヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪AO ධヨ㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᑟධᙜึ࠿ࡽᵝࠎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᑟධᙜึࡢ⌮ᛕࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘ㸪ࡑࡢᐇ᪋᪉ἲ࡜஦ᚋⓗホ౯ࡲ࡛ࢆ㐃⤖ࡋ࡚㸪௒୍ᗘಋୖ࡟㍕ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᭷ព⩏ࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ྛ✀ධヨไᗘࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ᑐⓗࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆᡤᚓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡜ㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺㸬᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓධヨไᗘู࡟㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓศᯒࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪♫఍࡟ฟ࡚࠿ࡽࡢධヨไᗘูࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸㸬ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᡃࠎࡣປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫホ౯ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ྛປാ⪅ࡢᡤᚓࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ᾆᆏ࣭すᮧ࣭ᖹ⏣࣭ඵᮌ㸦2002㸪2012ab㸧㸧㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡶࡑࢀࢆ㋃くࡋ㸪ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᡤᚓࢆᣦᶆ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ᡤᚓࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᢈุࡣ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡀ㸪ධヨไᗘࢆྵࡴᩍ⫱ࡢᡂᯝࢆ㸪ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ປാ⪅ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓ
ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᡤᚓࡀ᭱ࡶᐈほⓗ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺㸬ᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ḟ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡜ㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ศࡅ࡚㸪ྛ✀ධヨไᗘࡢᴫせࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸬➨ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝࡢᴫせ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≉ᛶ࡟ゐࢀ㸪➨ 4⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡜ㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ศࡅ࡚ᡤᚓࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ධヨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊ⪃ᰝࡢ᭷↓ࡀ㸪ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫホ౯ࡢ㐪࠸࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺㸬䠎䠊୺せ኱Ꮫධヨไᗘ䛾ᴫせ㻌ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࡢ᭷↓࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚㸪᪥ᮏࡢ୺せ኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸬࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ඛ࡟ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ௨እࡢᖜᗈ࠸㑅ᢤ᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ࡛ࡣᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⬟ຊࢆホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᵝ࡞⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘேᮦ࡟኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ㛛ᡞࢆ㛤ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡛ධᏛࡋࡓከᵝ࡞⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘᏛ⏕ࡀ㸪኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆ⤒࡚㸪♫఍࡟ฟ࡚࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡛ධᏛࡋࡓᏛ⏕࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ

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Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ከᵝ໬ᨻ⟇ࡢ᳨ドࡢ➃⥴࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬䠎䠊䠍䠊Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ䜢ㄢ䛩ධヨไᗘ㻌Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡟ࡣ㸪୍⯡㑅ᢤධᏛヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪୍⯡ධヨ㸧࡜኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂฼⏝ධᏛヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮฼⏝ධヨ㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬୍⯡ධヨࡣ㸪ධヨไᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࠿ࡘ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ⱉ㇂㸦1995㸧
࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢධヨไᗘࡢᣢࡘព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫࡢ୍⯡ධヨࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ᩍ⛉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ➹グヨ㦂ࡢࡳ࡛㑅ᢤࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᥇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬➹グヨ㦂࡛᥇⏝ࡍࡿᩍ⛉ࡣ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ྛ኱Ꮫࡀ⊂⮬࡟సᡂࡍࡿヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࢆゎ⟅ࡉࡏࡿᙧ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪⌧⾜ࡢ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂㸧ࡣ㸪඲ᩍ⛉࣭඲⛉┠ࡢゎ⟅࡟࠾࠸࡚࣐࣮ࢡࢩ࣮ࢺ᪉ᘧࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪グ㏙ᘧࡢゎ⟅ࡀ࡞࠸ヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬1979 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1989 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 11 ᖺ㛫ࡣ㸪ᅜබ❧኱ᏛࡢධᏛᚿᮃ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪୍ᐃࡢᏛຊᇶ‽ࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ኱Ꮫඹ㏻➨୍ḟᏛຊヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪ඹ㏻୍ḟ㸧ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬1990ᖺ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡀᅜ❧኱Ꮫࡢඹྠ฼⏝ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀ㸪⚾❧኱Ꮫࡶヨ㦂ࡢᚓⅬࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ไᗘኚ᭦ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬ᅜබ❧኱Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪ᴫࡡࡇࡢࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆ୍⯡ධヨࡢ➨୍ḟヨ㦂࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࠕ኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂฼⏝ධᏛヨ㦂ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㸪኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠿ࡽሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿᚓⅬࡢࡳ࡛㑅ᢤࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜබ❧኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅࡛㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࢆཷ㦂ࡋ㸪࠿ࡘྛ኱Ꮫࡢ୍⯡ධヨࢆ⤒࡚ධᏛࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺㏻ᖖࡢሙྜࢆ୍⯡ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡜ぢ࡞ࡋ㸪ྛ኱Ꮫࡢ୍⯡ධヨࢆ⤒࡞࠸࡛ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᚓⅬࡢࡳ࡛ධᏛࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሙ
ྜࡣ㸪ࡈࡃᑡᩘ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࢭࣥࢱ࣮฼⏝ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡜ぢ࡞ࡍ㸬࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ⚾❧኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅࡛㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᚓⅬࢆ୺࡜ࡍࡿ㑅ᢤ࡛ධᏛࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪඲࡚ࢭࣥࢱ࣮฼⏝ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡜ぢ࡞ࡍ㸬䠎䠊䠎䠊Ꮫຊㄪᰝ䜢ㄢ䛥䛺䛔ධヨไᗘ㻌 Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ࡣ㸪ᣦᐃᰯ᥎⸀ධᏛヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪ᣦᐃᰯධヨ㸧㸪୍⯡බເ᥎⸀ධᏛヨ㦂㸦௨ୗ㸪୍⯡බເධヨ㸧㸪AO ධヨ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᣦᐃᰯධヨࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ࣭▷኱࡞࡝ࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㸦ᣦᐃᰯ㸧࡟᥎⸀ᯟࢆ୚࠼㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㛗࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᥎⸀ࡉࢀࡓ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㠃᥋࡞࡝ࡢ㑅⪃ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ྜྰ3኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿẚ㍑ศᯒ

ࢆุᐃࡍࡿධヨไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㧗➼Ꮫᰯ㛗ࡀ᥎⸀ࡋࡓ⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ࡞࡝ࡢ㑅ᢤヨ㦂ࢆච㝖ࡋ㸪ཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ධᏛࢆチྍࡍࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡜኱Ꮫ࣭▷኱࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ಙ㢗㛵ಀࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ኱Ꮫ㺃▷኱ࡀᣦᐃᰯධヨࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞┠ⓗࡣ㸪㑅ᢤヨ㦂ࢆච㝖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪୍⯡ධヨ࡛ࡣࡼࡾ㧗ࣛࣥࢡࡢ኱Ꮫࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗࠸Ꮫຊࢆࡶࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࢆධᏛࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ㸬 ᣦᐃᰯධヨ࡛ࡣ㸪᥎⸀ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ホᐃᖹᆒ್࡟᮲௳ࢆㄢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ホᐃᖹᆒ್ࡢ᮲௳ࡣ㸪㧗ࣛࣥࢡ኱Ꮫ࡟ከࡃࡢྜ᱁⪅ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟ప࠸ホᐃᖹᆒ್ࢆㄢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪5 ẁ㝵୰ 4.0௨ୖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㧗࠸Ỉ‽ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸㸬 ᣦᐃᰯධヨ࡜୍⯡බເධヨࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡢሙྜ㸪ྛ኱Ꮫࡢฟ㢪᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎⸀ࡀཷࡅࡽࢀࢀࡤㄡ࡛ࡶฟ㢪࡛ࡁ㸪ే㢪࡟ไ㝈ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᣦᐃᰯධヨ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ࡘࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᥎⸀ᯟఱྡ࡜Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍⯡බເධヨ࡛ࡣ㸪୍ࡘࡢ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࠿ࡽཷ㦂࡛ࡁࡿேᩘ࡟ୖ㝈ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬㑅⪃᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠㄽᩥࡸ㐺ᛶ᳨ᰝ㸪㠃᥋㸪ㄪᰝ᭩࡞࡝ࡢ᭩㢮ᑂᰝࢆ」ᩘ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ኱Ꮫ㺃▷኱ࡀ୍⯡බເධヨࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞┠ⓗࡣ㸪≉Ⰽ࠶ࡿከᵝ࡞Ꮫ⏕ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪୍⯡බເධヨࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ᥎⸀ධヨ࡛ࡣ㸪඲ᅜ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ㢧ⴭ࡞➇ᢏᡂ⦼ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓ⏕ᚐࢆ኱Ꮫ࡛ཷࡅධࢀ㸪኱Ꮫࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢάᛶ໬࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≺࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௚࡟ࡶ㸪ㄢእάືࡢᐇ⦼ࡸ㈨᱁㸪≉ᢏ࡞࡝ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ୍ⱁ୍⬟ධヨ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࡛ά㌍ࡍࡿ⏕ᚐࢆ኱Ꮫ࡛ཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⏕┦஫㛫่࡛⃭ࢆ୚࠼ྜ࠸㸪኱Ꮫࡢάᛶ໬ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 AO ධヨࡣ㸪ᚿᮃ⌮⏤᭩㸪㠃᥋㸪ᑠㄽᩥ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾฟ㢪⪅ࡢಶᛶ㸪㐺ᛶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ពḧ࡞࡝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ከ㠃ⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྜྰࢆุᐃࡍࡿ㸬AO ධヨࡣ㸪ᚓⅬࡼࡾࡶ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶே≀ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿධヨไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫຊࡢ᭱పᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂ࡢᚓⅬࡸ➹グヨ㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࡶከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࡈࡃ᭱㏆ࡢഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟⪅ࡢAO ධヨධᏛ⪅ࡣࠊᏛຊヨ㦂ࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ AO ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ䠏䠊౑⏝䝕䞊䝍㻌䠏䠊䠍䠊ㄪᰝᴫせ4

Journal of Quality Education Vol. 5 ᮏ✏ࡢศᯒࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪Goo ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝࠕᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡜ാࡁ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࠖࢆ 2011 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ྠㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪Gooࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ 660 ୓ேࡢẕ㞟ᅋࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ኱༞௨ୖࡢᏛṔࢆᣢࡘ⪅ࡢࡳࢆᢳฟࡋ㸪1 ୓ 3059 ே࠿ࡽࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ 1 ୓ 3059 ேࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣฟ㌟኱Ꮫ࣭Ꮫ㒊ྡࢆᑜࡡ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅඲ဨࡀᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᇶ࡟㸪⌮⣔Ꮫ㒊ฟ㌟⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊ฟ㌟⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㆑ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊࡟ࡣேᩥ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫ⣔ࡀ୺࡜ࡋ࡚ྵࡲࢀ㸪⌮⣔Ꮫ㒊࡟ࡣ⌮ᕤ࣭་⸆࣭㎰Ꮫ࣭⏕≀⣔ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㸬᝟ሗ⣔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ฟ㌟኱Ꮫ࣭
Ꮫ㒊ྡ࠿ࡽ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ุ᩿ࡋ㸪ࣅࢪࢿࢫ⣔ࡣᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊㸪ᢏ⾡⣔ࡣ⌮⣔Ꮫ㒊࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ⱁ⾡࣭ᐙᨻ࣭㣗≀⣔ࡣᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᩥ⣔࣭⌮⣔ࡢุ᩿ࡀᅔ㞴࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡣᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬 ࡇࡢศ㢮࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪⌮⣔Ꮫ㒊ฟ㌟⪅ࡣ 4083 ே㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 44.4 ṓ㸧࡛ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ 31.3%ࢆ༨ࡵ㸪ᩥ⣔Ꮫ㒊ฟ㌟⪅ࡣ 8976 ே㸦ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 42.5 ṓ㸧࡛ࢧࣥࣉࣝ
ࡢ 68.7%ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ㸬 ௨ୗࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ᾏእ኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅㸪࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ᖐᅜ⏕ᚐධヨ㸪㝃ᒓ࣭⣔ิ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽࡢෆ㒊᥎⸀ධヨ࡛኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽእࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᾏ
እ኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅࠾ࡼࡧᖐᅜ⏕ᚐධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ヱᙜࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀᑡ
ᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㝃ᒓ࣭⣔ิ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽࡢෆ㒊᥎⸀ධヨࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟㧗➼Ꮫᰯẁ㝵࡛࠸࠿࡞ࡿ㑅ᢤࡶࡉࢀࡎ࡟኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺≉Ṧ࡞ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪௚࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿ㸬䠏䠊䠎䠊䝕䞊䝍䛾≉ᛶ㻌ࡲࡎ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≉ᛶࢆ㸪୺せኚᩘࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺㸬ᛶู࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⏨ᛶࡀ 68.0%㸪ዪᛶࡀ 32.0%࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᖺ㱋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪24 ṓ࠿ࡽ 74 ṓࡲ࡛ᖜᗈࡃศᕸࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡀ 43.1 ṓ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡀ 11.0 ṓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᡤᚓ㸦ᖺ཰㸧ศᕸ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒᡤᚓࡀ 472.1 ୓෇࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡣ 382.2 ୓෇࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬400㹼599 ୓෇ࡀ࣮࣒࣎ࣜࣗࢰ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾ㸪ྑࡢ〈ࡀ㛗࠸ศᕸ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑵᴗ⪅⥲ᩘ 1 ୓ 1562 ேࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡣ
79.0%ࡢ 9134 ே㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡀ 13.5%ࡢ 1566ே㸪ᾏእ኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅㸪ᖐᅜ⏕ᚐධヨ࠾ࡼࡧ㝃ᒓ࣭⣔ิ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽࡢෆ㒊᥎⸀ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡞࡝ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀ 7.5%ࡢ 862 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

5኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿẚ㍑ศᯒ

ᾏእ኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕᑵᴗ⪅ࡣ 48 ே࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᖹᆒᡤᚓࡣ 525 ୓෇࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ 1980 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ࡟኱ᏛධᏛᖺ㱋㸦18 ṓ㸧࡟㐩ࡋࡓ⪅ࡀ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ㸦2011 ᖺ㸧࡛ 45 ṓ๓ᚋ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪45 ṓ௨ୗ࡟ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢሙྜࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝᵓᡂࡣ㸪ᑵᴗ⪅⥲ᩘ 6937 ேࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡟ࡼࡿධ
Ꮫ⪅ࡣ 74.4%ࡢ 5162 ே㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡀ 17.9%
ࡢ 1244 ே㸪ᾏእ኱Ꮫฟ㌟⪅㸪ᖐᅜ⏕ᚐධヨ࠾ࡼࡧ㝃ᒓ࣭⣔ิ㧗ᰯ࠿ࡽࡢෆ㒊᥎⸀ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅࡞࡝ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀ 7.7%ࡢ 531 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡀ 1990 ᖺ௦௨㝆࡟୍ᒙ㐍ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ⱝᖺᒙ࡟࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࡶ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬䠐䠊Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝ䛾᭷↓䛻䜘䜛ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ㻌኱Ꮫධヨไᗘࡢከᵝ໬ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓ࠿ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ಶูࡢ኱Ꮫ࣭Ꮫ㒊ෆ࡛ࡣ㸪ධヨไᗘู࡟Ꮫ⏕ࡢᖹᆒ GPA1ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ධヨไᗘࢆ⤒࡚ධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᏛ⏕ࡀ㸪኱Ꮫ᫬௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ᡂ⦼ࢆ཰ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᮅ᪥᪂⪺࣭Ἑྜሿඹྠㄪᰝࠕࡦࡽࡃ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫࠖ㸦2012 ᖺ 4 ᭶ᐇ᪋࣭612 ᰯࡀᅇ⟅㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ឡ▱ᕤᴗ኱Ꮫࡀ AO ධヨ࡟ࡼࡿධᏛ⪅ࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛࡞࡝ࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᮅ᪥᪂⪺ 2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 4 ᪥ᮅห 26 㠃㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪GPA ࡀಶே᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸㸬ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࢆㄢࡍධヨไᗘ࡜ㄢࡉ࡞࠸ධヨไᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆ⤒࡚ධᏛࡋ㸪༞ᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓປാ⪅ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᡤᚓࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ປാᕷሙ࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆヨࡳࡿ㸬ປാᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿホ౯࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ௨እࡢせᅉࡶ኱ࡁࡃ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ㸬㧗ᡤᚓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᕼᑡᛶࡢ࠶ࡿከᵝ࡞⬟ຊࡀ㸪ປാᕷሙ࡛㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢドᕥ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ぢ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⾲ 1 ࡣ㸪45 ṓ௨ୗࡢᑵᴗ⪅ࢆ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡓධヨไᗘ࡟Ꮫຊ⪃ᰝࡀㄢࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡓ࠿ྰ࠿࡛ 2 ศ๭ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ฟ㌟኱Ꮫ࣭Ꮫ㒊ู࡟ 4 ศ๭ࡋ࡚ᖹᆒᡤᚓ㸦ᖺ཰㸸୓෇㸧ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⾲ 2 ࡣ㸪45 ṓ௨ୗࡢ⏨Ꮚᑵᴗ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝ࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾲ࢆࢢࣛࣇ໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ 1㸪ᅗ 2 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪1GPA㸦Grade Point Average㸧࡜ࡣࠊḢ⡿ࡢ኱Ꮫࡸ㧗ᰯ࡞࡝୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᑟධࡍࡿ኱Ꮫࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᡂ⦼ホ౯᪉ᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼࠿ࡽ≉ᐃࡢ᪉ᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ␃Ꮫࡢ㝿࡟ࡣᏛຊࢆ ࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ6