Global Change Observation Mission:
Second Research Announcement
SGLI on GCOM-C1
Algorithm development,
fundamental data acquisition and validation preparation,
and application study

Issued: January 9, 2009
Proposal Due: March 31, 2009

Earth Observation Research Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 1
2.
Technical descriptions ............................................................................ 6
2.1 Purposes of RA ........................................................................................... 6
2.2 Research areas ........................................................................................... 6
2.3 Science area, Product groups, and Research issues ................................ 12
3. Instructions for responding to this RA .................................................... 19
3.1Qualifications ............................................................................................ 19
3.2 Research agreement conclusion ............................................................... 19
3.3 Research period ........................................................................................ 19
3.4 Resources ................................................................................................. 19
3.5 Obligations ............................................................................................... 20
3.6 Selection ................................................................................................... 20
3.7 Late proposals .......................................................................................... 20
3.8 Withdrawal of proposal ............................................................................ 20
3.9 Cancellation and postponement .............................................................. 20
3.10 Important dates ..................................................................................... 20
3.11 Proposal submission and contact point.................................................. 21
4. Instructions for proposal contents ........................................................... 224.1. General ................................................................................................. 224.2. Format .................................................................................................. 22
4.3 Proposal contents ..................................................................................... 22
5. Description of research agreement .......................................................... 24
5.1 Contractual procedure ............................................................................. 24
5.2 Research agreement summary ................................................................ 24

Appendix A PROPOSAL COVER SHEET AND SCHEDULE .......................................................... A-1
Appendix B RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... B-1
Appendix C OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSION (GCOM) C-1
Appendix D ASSOCIATED TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF RESEARCH AGREEMENTS (FORTHE GCOM RESEACH ANNOUNCEMENT) .................................................................................. D-1

1.

Introduction

1.1 About the Second Research Announcement
In this second Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) research announcement (RA), theJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is announcing the opportunity to conduct developmentof retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, fundamental data acquisition and validation
preparation, and application research directly related to GCOM-C1, which is planned to be launchedin the winter of Japanese Fiscal Year (JFY) 2013 as the first generation of GCOM-C (Climate) series.
This RA covers a four-year research period beginning in early JFY 2009.
1.2 GCOM and GCOM-C1GCOM seeks to establish and demonstrate a global, long-term satellite observing system to measureessential geophysical parameters for understanding global climate change and the water cycle
mechanism, and eventually contribute to improving future climate projection through a collaborative
framework with climate model institutions. Demonstrating capabilities of operational applications
through providing continuous data to operational agencies is another important purpose. GCOM willtake over the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) mission and transition into
long-term monitoring of the Earth. To achieve global, comprehensive, long-term, and homogeneous
observation, GCOM will consist of two satellite types and three consecutive generations with a
one-year overlap, resulting in a 13-year observation period. The two satellites are GCOM-W and
GCOM-C (Climate). The GCOM-W1 satellite will carry the Advanced Microwave ScanningRadiometer-2 (AMSR2) to contribute to understanding the water and energy cycle. The GCOM-C1
satellite will be equipped with the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) to observe the Earth’s
atmosphere and surface for contributing to the understanding of the carbon cycle and radiation budget.
SGLI will have special features of wide spectral coverage from 380nm to 12um, a high spatial
resolution of 250m, a field of view exceeding 1000km, two-direction simultaneous observation, andpolarization observation. The GCOM-C1 mission aims to contribute to improving our knowledge andprediction of the global carbon cycle and radiation budget through high-accuracy observation of
global vegetation, ocean color, temperature, cloud, aerosol, and polar regions through the SGLI
observations. Details of the SGLI specification are presented in Appendix C.
1.3 Targets of GCOM-C1 and Mission Success Criteria
Objectives, targets and success criteria of GCOM-C1 are set as follows (Tables 1 and 2) considering
the long-term objectives of GCOM. This RA advertises research for retrieval algorithms ofgeophysical products, fundamental data acquisition and validation preparation, and data application toactualize these GCOM-C1 targets by collaboration with JAXA.

1

Table１. GCOM Objectives and GCOM-C1 targets
GCOM Objectives
GCOM-C1 targets
1. Build a long-term observation system that can
1. Produce and distribute satellite observed radiance,
observe effective physical parameters (e.g.,
9 land, 8 atmosphere, 7 ocean, and 4 cryospheresea-surface temperature, soil moisture, and so on.)products as the standard products
continuously (10 to 15 years) for solving the global
climate change and water-cycle mechanism, andestablishing its usability
2. Improve the prediction accuracy of long-term
2. Process and provide satellite data to the Data
climate change by improving the process researchIntegration and Analysis System established byon the climate-change mechanism and numericalTokyo Univ., JAMSTEC, and JAXA.
models, and provide information service in supportof national policy decisions by cooperation withuser organizations that have climate models.
3. Establish a satellite Earth-observation system to 3. Improve the accuracy of predicting climate change
obtain important physical parameters to assess theby assimilating the data and improving model
global environment and seek integrative use with parameters by cooperating with application
other observation systems.
research organizations. Through the above
activities, confirm the quality of the GCOM data
and demonstrate its ability to contribute topredicting the long-term climate change.
Contribute to predicting the global environment
response to the climate change by observing
snow-surface temperature, snow grain size, oceanchlorophyll-a concentration, and so on.
4. Contribute directly to operational fields, such as 4. Improve fishery management by providing data to
predicting intense weather that may bring disasters the Japan Fisheries Information Service Centerby distributing data to operational organizations that within the required time frame.
provide weather forecasts, fishery information
service, sea-route information control, etc.
5. Develop new products for effectively clarifying 5. Produce 5 land, 3 atmosphere, 7 ocean, and 8
climate change and the water cycle mechanism, cryosphere research products by cooperating withwhich are difficult with the current analysis
research and application organizations.
technology

2

Table 2. GCOM-C1 Success Criteria
Success level
Assessment condition

Minimum success

Full success

Extra successdata production

Complete the calibration and Achieve standard accuracies of Achieve the target accuracy
validation phase and start data all standard products, fiveof one or more products infive years after launch.
Standard product*1 distribution of more than 20 years after launch,
products (*3) achieving the(Set release threshold/standard/ target accuracies) release threshold accuracy(*2) about one year after
launch.

Research product*1(Set only target accuracy)

data distribution

Real-time
availability

Continuity

NA

NA

Achieve the target accuracyof one or more products infive years after launch or
add new important products
for climate change research.

When the products achieve
the release threshold accuracy,
confirm ability to distributethe data within the requiredtime.

Continue required-time data
distribution during theoperation period from
confirmation of releasethreshold accuracy to five
years after launch.

NA

When the products achieve
the release threshold accuracy,
confirm ability tocontinuously observe anddistribute products.

Continue observation (*4) anddata distribution from
confirmation of releasethreshold accuracy to five
years after launch.

NA*1 The standard products are defined as products especially important for achieving the mission goal, sufficiently confirm the application
reality from ADEOS-II results etc., and suitable for operational data distribution. Research products are defined as products still in the
research phase of development and application, or unsuitable for operational data distribution.
*2 Release threshold accuracy: Minimum accuracy for release as available for climate research*3 The threshold number of products, 20, corresponds to the number of ADEOS-II GLI standard products in the GCOM-C1 standard
products.
*4 This means to obtain observation data continuously during the planned Earth-observation operation period

1.4 This RA and Algorithm Development Phases
This RA covers a four-year research period from JFY 2009 to JFY 2012 corresponding toalgorithm phase (1), (2), and the first half of (3) in Table 3. This RA emphasizes productdevelopment and acquisition of fundamental data for the algorithms (especially for new products,
or significant improvement of existing products by applying new ideas). The research plans of
this RA have to correspond to the above development phases.
Following this RA, i.e. one year before GCOM-C1 launch, we plan to restart the RA to conduct
research more weighted toward operation and product validation during the three years before
and after the launch (corresponding to Table 3 RA#2).

3

Table 3. Main events of GCOM-C1 and algorithm development phases
Japanese Fiscal Year Apr~

2008

Events (launch, evaluations)♦Projectstart

Research announcement
Workshop

2009

2010
♦System
PDR

2011

2012

SystemCDR♦

C1 launch♦

♦RA#1
WS#0♦

WS#1♦

2013

2014

WS#2♦

WS#3♦

WS#4♦

WS#5♦

PLI-1 (using othersatellite data)

Algorithm implementation

Sensor development/
calibration phase

♦RA#3
WS#6♦

♦
Ver.1

PLI-2 (for the Ver.1
operational development
system)

1. Initialdevelopment
phase

2. Performancedevelopment
phase

1. Design and trial
manufacturing

2. Sensor manufacturing & performance 3. Initial
tests
calibration
PFM
phase
EM

BBM

2016

Data Release♦♦RA#2

Product release, version up

Algorithm development/
improvement phase

2015

WS#7♦

2017

WS#8♦
♦
Ver.2

Improvement withproduct version up

2018

Mission result
evaluation♦
C2 Launch♦

WS#9♦ WS#10♦
C-1&2
Ver.3♦
Implement
for C2(=Ver.2.5)

Version-up
implement

3. Operationalalgorithm
4. Post-launch development and improvement phasedevelopment phase
4. Operational phase

Algorithm development phases are defined as follows.
(1) Initial development phase (-JFY2009)
・Select candidates for development.
・Start development of new algorithm and resolve remaining issues of existing algorithms.
・Improve theoretical accuracy using existing satellite and in-situ data.
・Evaluate product sensitivity to the sensor design (BBM and EM).
(2) Performance development phase (JFY2010-2011)
・Develop performance of candidate algorithms (theoretical validity, estimation accuracy, andoperational stability using test inputs).
・Develop and validate theoretical performance and applicability by obtaining fundamental data(in-situ, laboratory, and satellite data, etc.).
・Conduct pre-launch implementation test-1 (PLI-1) to evaluate algorithm fundamental
performance.
・Evaluate product sensitivity to the sensor design (EM and PFM).
・Prepare Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).
(3) Operational algorithm development phase (JFY2012-2013)
・First half -- Select at-launch algorithms based on the PLI-1 results (the selection will bereflected in the next RA).
・Develop, evaluate, and improve the selected operational codes.
・Last half -- Conduct pre-launch implementation test-2 (PLI-2) to evaluate operational
consistency and performance.
(4) Post-launch development and improvement phase (JFY2014-2018)
・Perform initial validation and product improvement (version upgrades) using real SGLI data.
・Perform intensive validation and improvement of algorithms as initial calibration validation
phase for one year after launch.
・Develop new research algorithms and usage.
・Obtain fundamental data and validation data for improvement.
4

・Achieve GCOM-C science targets.
・Achieve succession to and consistency with GCOM-C2.
1.5 Role of PI and the RA process
JAXA plans to select 15 to 20 proposals under this RA. The principal investigator (PI) of eachselected proposal will become a member of the SGLI science team (name is provisional). The PI will
have frequent discussion and collaboration with JAXA members from the Earth-Observation
Research Center (EORC), particularly for developing, validating, improving and integrating retrieval
algorithms, and must attend and present their status at PI workshops held once a year. The scienceteam leader will participate in the GCOM general board to feed back our activities to the GCOM
overall objectives and mission requirements.
For this RA, JAXA will give budget allocation priority to the areas of algorithm development tomeet the product accuracy requirements. Although it will depend on the budget situation, JAXA plansto spend 20 million yen in the first year and 100 million yen in subsequent years of the RA period.
JAXA may also select non-funded PIs for research without requirement of additional costs for GCOM
or research equally responsible.
All categories of domestic and foreign organizations with nonprofit and peaceful purposes may
apply under this RA. However, funding may differ for each research category and applicant. Funding
by JAXA is basically restricted to domestic PIs, although some exceptions may be made for researchnecessary to realize the GCOM mission success.
Proposals will be selected based on a peer-review process and discussions in science/project
evaluation boards. JAXA plans to announce the selection results in May 2009. Descriptions of the
GCOM mission, satellite and sensor systems, and definition of the products will be found in Appendix
C.

5

2. Technical descriptions
2.1 Purposes of RA
To meet the mission objectives of GCOM-C1, which are to understand global environment variationand to improve its forecast accuracy, this RA seeks to conduct effective research necessary to generate
global, long-term, and highly accurate and stable GCOM-C1 products, as well as demonstrateresearch in climate and carbon-cycle changes using those products by inviting research themes fromboth domestic and overseas scientists. The RA research will be conducted with collaboration andwork-sharing among the JAXA EORC GCOM research and application group, which succeeded the
ADEOS-II GLI algorithm implementation team (GAIT).
2.2 Research areas
Based on the GCOM-C1 objectives, JAXA seeks proposals in the following three research areas:development of retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, fundamental data acquisition andvalidation preparation, and application research directly related to GCOM-C1 data. In particular, thisRA emphasizes product development and acquisition of fundamental data for algorithms (especiallyfor new products, or significant improvement of existing products by applying new ideas) because theperiod corresponds to the one-year preparation period before the GCOM-C1 launch. Details are listed
below.
(1) Development of retrieval algorithms for geophysical products
The GCOM-C1 algorithm development process is described below.
・Develop algorithms efficiently by building on the ADEOS-II/GLI experience and systems (e.g.,
GAIT).
・Develop algorithms effectively by applying broad knowledge obtained from cooperation withPIs.
・Develop algorithms for making long-term, stable, and highly accurate datasets.
・Develop algorithms considering research on global environmental change and operational use.
・By developing software enabling a stable process, perform data distribution and data analysis
studies quickly and smoothly
・By developing new data analysis and application schemes, enhance future possibility of
remote-sensing in Earth-environment observation.
・By developing performance of the total observation system while harmonizing algorithms withsatellite and sensor designs, improve data product quality and accuracy, and feed the results to thenext satellite and sensor development.
Generally, GCOM-C1 algorithms will be developed through these procedures: (1) definition of
products, (2) construction of fundamental data base, (3) development of algorithm theory, (4) codingof radiative transfer, and (5) implementation, tests, and optimization of the JAXA operation system.
This RA mainly covers procedures (2), (3), and (4) ((5) will be included in the last part of the RA
period), and seeks research on algorithms for new SGLI functions as well as newly defined products,
new ideas significantly improving existing algorithms, radiative transfer of observation targets, andnew products and applications. Details of the research issues we propose now are listed in section 2.3.

6

In-situ observation
Fundamental data
Algorithm theory
Physical, biological,
chemical processes

Scope of algorithm theoreticalbasis document (ATBD)

Operation program

Input(PI environment)

Input(standard products)

Program core

Program core

HDF5

Scope of the “algorithm core”
will decide depending on
algorithm characteristics andprogramming skill of each PI

Radiative transfer

Accumulation of data
and knowledge

SGLI Level-1
radiance data

Output(standard products)

Output(PI environment)

The work for which PI is the mainly responsible• Detail proposal of product definition• Proposal of new product and use• Acquisition, analysis, and supply offundamental data
• Construction of algorithm theory• preparation of ATBD
• Construct and supply algorithm core
• Validation and improvement of thealgorithm

Operation system
Distribution system
Other researchers
Public users

The work for which EORC is the mainly responsible• Establishment of product definition and overall progress
management• Supply and support of in-situ observation instruments• Supply satellite data (pre-launch simulation data and real SGLIdata) and ancillary data for the development and tests• Coordination of common algorithm knowledge among PIs• Provision of I/O information and tools• Evaluation of program performance (accuracy, speed, andstability) and feed back the results and suggestions to PI• Provision of program codes after the implementation and tests

1. Product definition
2. Fundamental
database
3. Algorithm Theory
4. Coding
5. tests andoptimization

Flow of algorithm development

Fig. 1. Example of collaboration and sharing between PI and JAXA in algorithm development.
The map should be modified according to algorithm characteristics and volume of the code (C or
Fortran code).
Table 4 lists geophysical parameters to be produced as standard and research products of the
GCOM-C1 mission; their accuracies are defined as mission success criteria. Those accuracies were
defined in consultation with users based on the performance of ADEOS-II/GLI products. The “releasethreshold accuracy” denotes the minimum accuracy for the first data release, “Standard accuracy” isdefined as valuable and standard accuracy, and the “Target accuracy” includes many challenges in
improving algorithm performance and/or calibration accuracy and is to be achieved on a researchbasis. Algorithms accepted in this research area will produce products that meet requirements in Table
4 in the operational phase of the GCOM-C1 mission.
To meet the GCOM objectives, retrieval algorithms will require global applicability, robustness,long-term stability, and low cross-talk. Algorithms that can be extended and applied for similar
microwave radiometers and historical data records are preferable for integrated retrieval.
Computationally efficient, fast-processing algorithms are important for the operational applications of
the products.
As described in chapter 5, this research theme is generally supported through a “Commissioned
Research Agreement.”(2) Fundamental data acquisition and validation preparation
The research category includes (a) fundamental data acquisition for improving new or existingalgorithms (observation, measurement, and analysis), (b) required preparation of observation sites andvalidation strategy before the launch, and (c) research contributing to effective validation in7

collaboration with other research/observation programs. Additional details of the validation study will
be provided in a future RA starting one year before the launch.
Fundamental parameters weighted by the RA are data and knowledge relating bio/physicalcharacteristics and optical observations of the Earth’s surface (land, ocean, and snow/ice). One
important preparation task for validation is establishing an effective validation strategy of cloudaerosols. Acquired data and knowledge must be provided to JAXA and algorithm PIs speedily.
If you conduct tasks in both algorithm development and this category, you can propose your researchas either (1) algorithm development or (2) fundamental data acquisition and validation preparation.
As described in chapter 5, this research theme is generally supported through a Collaborative
Research Agreement.
(3) Application research directly related to GCOM-C1 data
Perform research on monitoring environmental changes and improving future prediction andresearch leading to social benefits including practical applications such as monitoring fishery
management and assessing biological carbon fixation using SGLI and other data. Development of
new SGLI research products based on new ideas, social needs, and combination with other satellite
data and numerical models is also solicited.
As described in chapter 5, this research theme will generally be implemented through a Collaborative
Research Agreement.
All applicants should keep in mind that JAXA is not a general funding body for the scientificcommunity. This RA seeks to accomplish the GCOM-C1 mission's goals and to find new possibilities
for utilizing GCOM-C1 data. Proposals should clearly describe plans for GCOM-C1 data usage.

8

Table 4. GCOM-C1 Products (1/3)
Area Group

commonRadiance

Product

GLI
Category
Day/night
heritage*1

Production unit

Grid size

TIR and land 2.2μm:
TOA radianceboth,A(non-Pol)
Scene(including system geometric Standard
Other VNR, SWI:
B(Pol)
correction)
daytime (+special
operation)

Release threshold*2Standard accuracy*2

Target accuracy*2

VNR,SWI Land/coast:
VNR,SWI: 5% (absolute),
250m,
offshore: 1km,
Radiometric 5% (absolute)*3 1% (relative) *3
polarimetory:1km
Geometric<1 pixel
TIR: 0.5K (@300K)
TIR Land/coast: 500m,
Geometric<0.5 pixel
offshore: 1km

VNR,SWI: 3% (absolute),
0.5% (relative) *3
TIR: 0.5K (@300K)
Geometric<TBD pixel

Land

Precise geometric correction
Surface
Atmospheric correctedreflectance reflectance (incl. clouddetection)

StandardA

Both

Scene, Global (mosaic 1, 16
days, month)

250m<1pixel<0.5pixel<0.25pixel

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

250m

0.3 (<=443nm),
0.2 (>443nm) (scene) *7

0.1 (<=443nm),
0.05 (>443nm) (scene) *7

0.05 (<=443nm),
0.025 (>443nm) (scene)*7

Vegetation index

Standard

A

Vegetation fAPAR
and carbon Leaf area index
cycle
Above-ground biomass
Vegetation roughness index
Shadow index

Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard

B
B
B
B
B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

250m

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

1km
1km
250m, 1km

Grass: 25%, forest: 20% Grass: 20%, forest: 15%
Grass: 10%, forest: 10%(scene)(scene)(scene)Grass: 50%, forest: 50%
Grass: 30%, forest:20%
Grass: 20%, forest: 10%
Grass: 50%, forest: 50%
Grass: 30%, forest:30%
Grass: 20%, forest: 20%
Grass: 50%, forest: 100%
Grass: 30%, forest: 50%
Grass: 10%, forest: 20%
Grass and forest: 40% (scene) Grass and forest: 20% (scene) Grass and forest: 10% (scene)
Grass and forest: 30% (scene) Grass and forest: 20% (scene) Grass and forest: 10% (scene)

Temperature Surface temperatureStandard

B

Both

500m

<3.0K (scene)<2.5K (scene)<1.5K (scene)

Land net primary production ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Global (month, year)

1km

N/A

N/A

500m

N/A

N/A

ResearchC

N/A

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

ResearchB

Both*12

Scene

500m

N/A

N/A

Land cover typeResearch

B

Daytime

250m

N/A

N/A

Land surface albedo

ResearchB

N/A

Global (month, season)
Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

30% (yearly)
10% *13 (error judgmentrate)
20% *14 (error judgmentrate)
30% (error judgment rate)

1km

N/A

N/A

10%

Cloud flag/Classification

StandardA

Both

Scene, Global（1 day, month）

1km

Classified cloud fraction
Cloud top temp/height
Water cloud OT/effective
radiusIce cloud optical thickness
Water cloud geometrical
thickness
Aerosol over the oceanLand aerosol by near UVStandard
Standard

A
A

DaytimeBothGlobal （1 day, month）

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global（1 day, month）

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Standard
Standard

A
B

DaytimeDaytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month） 0.1deg (global)
Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Aerosol by Polarization

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Long-wave radiation flux

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Short-wave radiation flux

Research

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Water stress trend
Application Fire detection index

Cloud
Atmosphere
Aerosol

RadiationbudgetScene, Global （1 day, month）

1km (scene),

9

10%
(with
whole-skyIncl. below cloud amount
Incl. below cloud amountcamera)*9*920% (on solar irradiance)
15% (on solar irradiance)
10% (on solar irradiance)*9*4*51K
3K/2km (top temp/height)
1.5K/1km (temp/height)*5
10%/30%(Cloud100% as CLW*7
50%*7 / 20%*8
OT/radius)*6
30%*6
70%*8
20%*8
N/A

N/A

300m

0.05 (scene τa_670,865)
0.1 (Monthly τa_670,865)*10 0.1(scene τa_670,865)*10*10*10
0. 1(scene τa_380 )0.15 (Monthly τa_380)
0.15 (scene τa_380)
0.15(Monthly
0.15 (scene τa_670,865)*10 0.1 (scene τa_670,865)
τa_670,865)*10
Downward 10W/m2, upward
N/A
N/A
15W/m2 (monthly)
Downward 13W/m2, upward
N/A
N/A
10W/m2

Table 4 GCOM-C1 Products (2/3)
Area Group

Product

Category

Normalized water-leaving
radiance (incl. cloudStandard
detection)
Atmospheric correction
Standard
Ocean color parameter
Photosynthetically available
Standard
radiation

B
DaytimeDaytimeResearch

B

Daytime

Chlorophyll-a concentration Standard

A

Ocean

Suspended solid
concentration
Colored dissolved organic
matterInherent optical properties

Temperature Sea-surface temperature
Ocean net primary
productivity

Production unit

60% (443~565nm)

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)
Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)A

Standard

A

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

StandardA

Both

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)C

Coast: 250m
Offshore: 1km
Global: 4-9km

Phytoplankton functional
type

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Red tide

Research

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

B

DaytimeA

Both

Coast: 500m
Others: Same as above
Coast: 500m
Others: Same as above

Coast: 250m
Others: Same as above

Application

Cryosphere

multi sensor merged ocean
Researchcolor
multi sensor merged SST
Research
Snow and Ice covered area
Standard(incl. cloud detection)
Okhotsk sea-ice distribution Standard
Area/
distribution Snow and ice classification Research
Snow covered area in forests
Researchand mountains
Snow and ice surface
Standard
Temperature
Snow grain size of shallow
Standard
layer
SurfaceSnow grain size of
Research
properties
subsurface layer

Coast: 250m
Offshore: 1km
250m (scene),(global)
250m
1km

A

DaytimeA
B

DaytimeDaytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Area (1day)
Global (16 days, month)

B

DaytimeArea (1, 8 days)

250m

A

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

500m (scene),(global)250m (scene),(global)Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

1km

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Global (1, 16 days, month)

250m (scene),(global)1km

B

Snow grain size of top layer ResearchC

DaytimeSnow and ice albedo

B

DaytimeResearchArea, Global (1, 8 days, month)

10

1km

Standard accuracy*2

Target accuracy*2

50% (<600nm)

30% (<600nm)

0.5W/m2/str/um (>600nm) 0.25W/m2/str/um (>600nm)

80% (AOT@865nm)

50% (AOT@865nm)

30% (AOT@865nm)

20% (10km/month)

15% (10km/month)

10% (10km/month)

N/A

N/A

30%

−60 to +150%−35 to +50% (offshore), −50−60 to +150% (offshore)

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Standard

Research

Release threshold*2

Grid size

AA

Euphotic zone depth

In-water

GLI
Day/night
heritage*1

to +100% (coast)−60 to +150% (offshore)−60 to +150%−50 to +100%−60 to +150% (offshore)−60 to +150%−50 to +100%

N/A

N/A

a (440): RMSE<0.25, bbp(550): RMSE<0.25

0.8K (daytime)

0.8K (day & night time)

0.6K (day and night time)

N/A

N/A

70% (monthly)

N/A

N/A

error judgment rate of large/
small phytoplankton
dominance<20%; or error
judgment rate of the dominantphytoplankton functionalgroup <40%

N/A

N/A

error judgment rate <20%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10% (vicarious val with other 7%
sat. data)
10%
5%
N/A
N/A

5%

N/A

30%

N/A

1km 5K (vicarious val with other2K
sat. data and climatology)
1km 100% (vicarious val. with50%
climatology between temp-size)
1km−35 to +50% (offshore), −50
to +100% (coast)
0.8K (day & night time)

3%
10%

1K
30%

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

7%

Table 4 GCOM-C1 Products (3/3)
Area Group
Cryosphere

Surfaceproperties
Boundary

Product

Category

GLI
Day/night
heritage*1

Production unit

Grid size
250m (scene),(global)1km
250m

Research

B

DaytimeIce sheet surface roughness Research
Ice sheet boundary
ResearchmonitoringC

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Area (Season)

B

DaytimeArea (Season)

Snow impurity

1km

Release threshold*2Standard accuracy*2

Target accuracy*2

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

0.05 *15

N/A

N/A

<500m

Common notes:*1. Heritage levels from ADEOS-II/GLI study are shown by A-C; A: high heritage, B: Remaining issues, C: new or many issues remaining to be resolved*2. The “release threshold” is minimum levels for the first data release at one year from launch. The "standard" and "research" accuracies correspond to full and extra success criteria of the mission.
Accuracies are basically shown by RMSE.
Radiance data notes:*3. Absolute error is defined as offset + noise; relative error is defined as relative errors among channels, FOV, and so on. Release threshold of radiance is defined as estimated errors from vicarious, onboard
solar diffuser, and onboard blackbody calibration because of lack of long-term moon samples
Atmosphere notes:*4. Vicarious val. on sea-surface temperature and comparison with objective analysis data
*5. Inter comparison with airplane remote sensing on water clouds of middle optical thickness*6. Release threshold is defined by vicarious val. with other satellite data (e.g., global monthly statistics in the mid-low latitudes)*7. Comparison with cloud liquid water by in-situ microwave radiometer*8. Comparison with optical thickness by sky-radiometer (the difference can be large due to time-space inconsistence and large error of the ground measurements)*9. Comparison with in-situ observation on monthly 0.1-degree*10. Estimated by experience of aerosol products by GLI and POLDER
Land data notes:*11. Defined with land reflectance~0.2, solar zenith<30deg, and flat surface. Release threshold is defined with AOT@500nm<0.25*12. Night time 250m product can be produced by special observation requests of 1.6μm channel*13. Evaluate in semiarid regions (steppe climate, etc.)*14. Fires >1000K occupying >1/1000 on 1km pixel at night (using 2.2um of 1 km and thermal infrared channels)
Cryosphere notes:*15. Defined as height/width of the surface structures11

2.3 Science area, Product groups, and Research issues
The science areas, product groups, and research items weighted as “needed” and “desired” by thisRA are described below. These definitions of areas (L, A, O, S, and C) and groups do not need toagree to the research unit of the RA, and you can propose research about several products across theseareas and groups. When making a research proposal for a single product or a group, you should also
carefully consider the relation to products in the same group and between different groups.
These product definitions and their development and validation schemes will be refined in detailthrough discussion among users, PIs, and JAXA after the RA. You should also propose the details
together with the research plans.
L. Land
L-1 Precise Geometric Correction Group・Precise Geometrically Corrected Image PGCI (Radiance after geometric correction with groundcontrol point also taking into account the pixel altitude; standard product)
9

SGLI sensor characteristics, especially combined push-broom and whisk-broom sensors, must be considered
for the SGLI geometric algorithm/model.

9

Close collaboration with the geometric system calibration of Level-1 processing that will be conducted bymainly JAXA (C-5) is desired.

L-2 Land Atmospheric Correction Group・Atmospherically Corrected Land-Surface Reflectance, ACLR (Ground-surface reflectance after
the correction of the atmospheric effects such as scattering and absorption by molecules; standard
product)
・Vegetation Index, VI (Index parameter as a measure of density and activity of green vegetation.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI (calculated from red and near-infrared channel
reflectances) and Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI (an extended vegetation index using visible
channel reflectance) are expected; standard product)
・Land surface albedo, LALB（The ratio of upward reflected radiation energy divided by downward
solar radiation energy estimated from the type of land cover and the surface reflectances in SGLI
spectral bands; research product）
9

Atmospheric correction is needed to appropriately identify clouds, snow, and fine areas; to separate surface
radiance and atmospheric radiances considering error propagation in estimating vegetation and land-cover;and to perform accurate aerosol correction in cooperation with atmospheric algorithms.

9

The albedo product is desired to consider future usage such as numerical models using multi-channels or
directionality.

9

Collaboration with activities of C-1, C-2, and C-5 is desired.

L-3 Land Primary Production Group・Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation, fAPAR (Fraction of photosynthetically
active radiation (wavelength: 400 to 700nm) absorbed by vegetation; standard product)・Leaf area index, LAI (The ratio of total upper leaf surface of vegetation divided by the surface area12

of the land on which the vegetation grows; standard product)
・Water stress trend, WST (Trend of water stress on vegetation estimated from diurnal variation of
the surface temperature; research product)
・Land net primary production, LNPP (The net carbon amount fixed by land vegetation, which is thedifference between photosynthetic production and the vegetation respiration; research product)
9

Accurate algorithms are needed to provide sufficient primary production and its input data.

9

It is desired to estimate land CO2 fixation in cooperation with studies of carbon cycle and ecological models.

9

Collaboration with activities of L-6 is desired.

L-4 Above-ground Biomass Group・Above-ground biomass, AGBIO (Dry weight of above-ground biomass; standard product)
・Vegetation Roughness Index, VRI (Bidirectional reflectance factor Structure Index on Principal
plane and Vertical plane BSI_P and BSI_V derived by SGLI multi-angle observation; standard
product）
・Shadow index, SI (Fraction of vegetation shadow resulting from its three-dimensional structure.
This parameter is estimated using the wavelength dependence of the surface reflectances; standard
product.)
9Modeling of three-dimensional vegetation structures and directional reflectance from satellite observation isneeded.

9

The above-ground biomass algorithm needs to combine information from multi-angle observation andmulti-spectral observation (i.e., use of vegetation indexes).

9Comparison and validation between the estimated biomass and time change of NPP are desired.

9

Collaboration with activities of L-6 is desired for global applicability (VRI is expected to improve land
cover classification).

L-5 Land Temperature Group・Land-surface temperature, LST (Surface temperature of the land surface; standard product)
・Fire detection index, FDI (Position of fire detected using the radiation data in the thermal- andshortwave- infrared bands; research product)
9

Collaboration with observation of visible and shortwave-infrared reflectance and land cover (L-6) is neededfor estimating surface emissivity.

9

Real-time processing is needed for fire detection.

9

Collaboration with observation of visible and shortwave-infrared reflectance and land cover (L-6) is desiredfor detecting burned areas.

L-6 Land Cover Group・Land cover type, LCT (Land cover type classified using vegetation indices and the surface
reflectances in each channel; research product)
9Classification considering various applications (including algorithms of NPP, biomass, and LST) is needed.

9

Effective analysis of SGLI data in combination with higher-resolution satellite data and in-situ validation
data is desired.
13

9Algorithm using 3D information (L-4) and seasonal change from multi-season SGLI observations is desired.

A. Atmosphere
A-1 Cloud Product Group・Cloud flag, CLFG (Cloud/Clear discrimination and the type/phase of cloud cover; standard
product)
・Classified Cloud Fraction, CLFR (Cloud fraction statistically derived for each cloud type with
ISCCP Radiometric Cloud Classification; standard product)
・Cloud-top temperature and height, CLTTH (Cloud-top temperature and height derived frombrightness temperature data in the thermal infrared channels; standard product)
・Water Cloud Optical Thickness and Particle Effective Radius, CLOTER_W (Optical thickness ofwater cloud and the size of cloud droplets; standard product)・Ice cloud optical thickness, CLOT_I (Optical thickness of ice cloud; standard product)
9

Collaboration with common subject C-1 is needed.

9Comparison with algorithms and products of MODIS, NPOESS, etc. is needed.

9

Cooperation (research partnership, work sharing, participation in workshops, etc.) with EarthCARE, GPM,
and GCOM-W is desired for investigating cloud radiative forcing.

9

Combined analysis with the numerical model through a radiative transfer model and extension to model
assimilation are desired.

A-2 Aerosol Product Group・Aerosol over the ocean, ARV (Aerosol properties including optical thickness, size distribution(Angstrom Exponent), and aerosol classification; standard product)
・Land aerosol by near ultra violet, ARU (Aerosol over the land detected by near UV including
aerosol optical thickness and aerosol absorption coefficient; standard product)
・Aerosol by Polarization, ARP (Optical thickness and angstrom exponent derived from the SGLI
polarization observations; standard product)
9

Contribution to aerosol correction over land and the ocean is needed.

9Comparison with algorithms and products of MODIS, NPOESS, etc. is needed.

9

Effective algorithms for unifying the ocean and land algorithms and for estimating aerosol size distribution,
component ratio, etc. are desired in the future.

9

Cooperation (research partnerships, work sharing, participation in workshops, etc.) with EarthCARE isdesired for investigating the cloud-aerosol interaction.

9

Combined analysis with the numerical model through a radiative transfer model and extension to model
assimilation are desired.

9

Cooperation with the calibration activities such as vicarious calibration (C-3) is requested.

A-3 Radiation Flux Group・Short-wave radiation flux, SWRF (Downward and upward shortwave radiation flux at the groundsurface; research product)
14

・Long-wave radiation flux, LWRF (Downward and upward longwave radiation flux at the groundsurface. Upward flux in cloudy weather conditions will be estimated using the surface temperature
derived by AMSR2, etc.; research product.)・Water cloud geometrical thickness, CLGT_W (Geometrical thickness of water cloud derived using
the radiance data in the oxygen band (763nm). Combined use of this parameter with cloud-top
height enables us to estimate cloud bottom height, which will then contribute to improving theretrieval accuracy of the longwave radiation budget at the ground surface; research product.)9

Cooperation with products of cloud detection, cloud properties, aerosol properties, surface reflectance, etc. isneeded.

9

Combined analysis with the numerical model through a radiative transfer model and extension to model
assimilation are desired.

O. OceanO-1 Ocean Atmospheric Correction Group・Normalized water-leaving radiance, NWLR (Water-leaving radiance in each channel at the ocean
surface after the correction of atmospheric effects; standard product)
・Atmospheric correction parameters, ACP (Aerosol properties including optical thickness andAngstrom exponent necessary for atmospheric correction; standard product)・Photosynthetically available radiation, PAR (Downward radiation at wavelengths of 400 to 700nm
at the ocean surface that is available for phytoplankton; standard product)
9Improvement of treatment of aerosols (C-2) and sea-surface reflection is needed.

9

Collaboration with the SGLI characterization, calibration including vicarious calibration (C-5), and in-situ
observation of NWLR, etc. are desired since ocean color needs highly precise calibration.

O-2 Ocean Color Group・Chlorophyll-a concentration, CHLA (Concentration (mg/m3) of phytoplankton Chlorophyll-a in
the ocean surface layer; standard product)
・Suspended solid concentration, SS (Density of suspended solids (g/m3) consisting of organic
matter such as plankton and inorganic matter such as soil particles, in the ocean surface layer
expressed in dry weight per unit volume; standard product)
・Colored dissolved organic matter, CDOM (attenuation coefficient (m-1) at 440nm (TBD) of
colored dissolved organic matter in the ocean surface layer; standard product)・Inherent optical properties, IOP (Optical properties of ocean water such as absorption coefficientsof plankton pigment, SS, CDOM, and scattering coefficients of SS, which are estimated using thenormalized water-leaving radiances; research product)・Phytoplankton functional type, PHFT (Phytoplankton existence rate for every function, such as
nitrogen fixation, silicon fixation, and carbon dioxide discharge. It determines what kind offunction plankton has for climate change analyses, such as cloud nucleus formation; research
product)
・Red tide, RTD (Discrimination of red tide using the characteristic of ocean color; research product)
9Improvement of algorithms considering application to the ONPP estimation, operational stability andinter-sensor consistency through construction and analysis of fundamental datasets and in-water optical15

model development is desired.
9

Combined analysis with the numerical model through in-water bio-optical models and extension to model
assimilation are desired.

O-3 Temperature
・Sea-surface temperature, SST (bulk sea-surface temperature (observed by drifting buoy at 1m) bydegree C; standard product)
9

Stable and highly accurate algorithm considering operational purpose and model research and combined use
with other sensors such as AMSR-2 are desired.

9

Algorithm and product effectively using 500m resolution of SGLI is desired.

O-4 Primary Productivity
・Ocean net primary productivity, ONPP (Net primary productivity of phytoplankton (Respiration is
not considered) ; research product)・Euphotic zone depth, EZD (Total direction illumination defined by a depth that PAR is decreased
to 1% (denominator: E0-); research product)
9

Combined analysis with the numerical model through in-water bio-optical models and extension to model
assimilation are desired.

9

In order to contribute to estimating CO2 absorption of the ocean, cooperation with carbon-cycle andmarine-ecosystem model research activities (C-4) is desired.

O-5 Multi-Sensor Merged Product・Multi-sensor Merged Ocean Color parameters, MOC (Data sets that combine with the products ofother satellites and improve time resolution; research product)
・Multi-sensor Merged Sea-Surface Temperature, MSST (Data sets that combine with the productsof other satellites and improve time resolution; research product)
9

Combined products overcoming differences among channel wavelengths, sensor characteristics, algorithms,
data formats, etc. are desired.

S. Cryosphere
S-1 Snow Area Discrimination
・Snow- and Ice-covered area, SICA (Snow and ice discrimination; standard product)
・Okhotsk sea-ice distribution, OKID (Sea-ice distribution in Okhotsk Sea processed in near realtime; standard product)
・Snow and ice classification, SIC (Snow and ice cover type such as new snow or old snow, or firstyear ice/multi-year ice, etc.; research product)
・Snow-covered area in forests and mountains, SCAFM (Snow-covered area in forest and mountainregions where vegetation cover is likely mixed with snow; research product)・Ice sheet boundary monitoring, ISBM (Position of major Ice sheet boundary; research product)
9

Contribution to other groups through C-1 activities, such as discrimination between cloud and snow/ice area16

is needed.

S-2 Snow-Surface Properties
・Snow and ice surface Temperature, SIST (Surface temperature of snow and ice surface; standard
product)
・Snow grain size of shallow layer, SNGSL (Snow grain size retrieved with the reflectance in the
865nm channel. Retrieved sizes represent the snow properties in a shallow layer of 0 to 30cm;
standard product)
・Snow grain size of subsurface layer, SNGSS (Snow grain size retrieved with the reflectance in the1050nm channel. Retrieved sizes represent the snow properties at a subsurface layer above that
retrieved with the 865nm channel; research product)
・Snow grain size of top layer, SNGST (Snow grain size retrieved with the reflectance of the
1640nm channel. Retrieved sizes represent the properties of the top snow layer; research product)
・Snow impurity, SNIP (Ratio of impurity in snow such as soot and dust; research product)
9

In order to contribute to Earth-environment monitoring and climate prediction, cooperation with research on
snow physical-optical processes (S-3) and numerical models (C-4) is desired.

S-3 Snow Albedo
・Snow and ice albedo, SIALB (Upward reflected radiation energy divided by downward solar
radiation energy estimated using the snow-surface reflectances in each channel considering
atmospheric effects; research product)・Ice sheet surface roughness, ISRGH (Roughness of the ice sheet (defined as the ratio of the height
divided by the width of the roughness) derived by multi-angle observation; research product)
9

Cooperation with S-2 group, which measures the snow grain size and impurities that significantly influence
the albedo, is desired.

C. Common issues
The common issues that encourage interaction among PI activities are coordinated by JAXA EORC.
C-1 Clear, Cloud, Cryosphere discrimination
・A common task in most SGLI products is distinguishing among clear, cloud, and snow/ice
surfaces. However, it is necessary to develop a proper discrimination scheme specific for eachalgorithm. JAXA will encourage PI teams to share their knowledge of spectral features of eachobservation target and the discrimination schemes, and to effectively implement the individual
algorithms.
C-2 Aerosol Correction
・It is necessary to separate the light reflected from observation targets from atmosphericallyscattered light in order to estimate the surface reflectance (land, ocean, and snow) from thesatellite-observed radiances (especially related to the aerosol properties A-2). For this purpose,
17

JAXA will promote sharing and exchange of knowledge and processing techniques for theradiative transfer process of the atmosphere-surface system.
C-3 Polarization Study
・Polarimetry is a unique function of SGLI. Besides aerosol products derived from polarization(A-2), we will explore the development of new products to be derived from polarization
observation and their application. Because polarimetry is a new function also from the point ofview of hardware development, close collaboration between JAXA's calibration activity andpolarization study by PIs is encouraged.
C-4 Integrated Analysis of Global Environmental Change
・It is necessary to reflect the new requirement and knowledge into our satellite productdevelopment through cooperation with research on Earth environmental change such as
monitoring and predicting the carbon cycle and radiative forcing. This common group encourages
exchange of knowledge and skill from research of model assimilation and combined analysis ineach area and group.
C-5 Consideration of SGLI Calibration Performance・Accuracy of satellite products depends on performance of the total system from the sensor to thealgorithm software. It is necessary, therefore, to develop algorithms optimized for actual SGLI
performance in step with the progress of SGLI characterization and calibration. For example, thecommon group will promote close cooperation between the team evaluating the radiative transfer
process in the algorithms and the teams conducting ground truth observations and vicarious
calibration. Also, collaboration between system geometric correction and precise geometriccorrection (using GCP) is encouraged.

18

3.

Instructions for responding to this RA

3.1Qualifications
If a proposal is for peaceful purposes and has non-commercial objectives, researchers from all
categories of domestic and foreign organizations including educational institutions, government
offices, public companies, private enterprises and the other groups can apply for this RA.
3.2 Research agreement conclusion
After the proposals are selected, a research agreement should be made between JAXA and theorganization to which the PI belongs, using associated terms and conditions to be prepared by
JAXA. All applicants should read carefully Section 5, which describes detailed information oncontract matters, and associated terms and conditions of the research agreement attached as
APPENDIX D.
3.3 Research period
The total research period of this RA will be four years from JFY 2009. However, the performance
will be evaluated based on an interim report at the end of each Japanese fiscal year in order to verify
and decide whether the research is to be continued the next year.
3.4 Resources(1) Funding
JAXA will reserve funds to support selected proposals. The basic policy for funding is as follows.
A) Based on the purpose of this RA, funding will be mainly available for the development of
retrieval algorithms category, within JAXA’s budget limitation. Proposals related tofundamental data acquisition and validation preparation and to application research directly
related to GCOM-C1 may be funded depending on the importance and relevancy to the
GCOM mission.
B) JAXA funding is basically restricted to domestic PIs, although some exceptions may bemade for research that is necessary for the GCOM mission success.
C) If funding is not available for an applicant, the applicant may be selected as a non-funded PI
upon consultation with JAXA.
(1) Data sets
Data including GLI data sets necessary for conducting research and owned by JAXA (“data sets”)
will basically be provided free of charge within the limitations of the distribution capability.
Available data sets are listed in Appendix B. Provision of data sets that JAXA is not authorized todisclose will be discussed separately. The following policy shall be observed by participants forusing satellite, in-situ, and other data sets provided through this RA.
A) Data sets shall be used only for research purposes that are proposed and selected under thisRA.
B) Data sets shall not be disclosed to a third party or parties.

193.5 Obligations
PIs have different obligations depending on the funding status.
(1) Funded PIs shall submit to JAXA an interim report on the results at the end of each JFY anda final report at the end of the four-year research period. Furthermore, funded PIs are
required to participate in the workshop organized by JAXA once a year and present a status
report. PIs must cover necessary travel expense for participating in the workshop withinfunds provided by this RA.
(2) Non-funded PIs shall also submit an interim report and a final report. However, such reports
can be substituted with papers published during the term. Participation in the workshop is
highly recommended but not mandatory. Support of travel expense will depend on JAXA’sbudget.
3.6 Selection
Selection of proposals will be based on a peer-review process and discussions in science/project
evaluation boards. JAXA selection officials make the final decisions. The principal elements
considered in evaluating a proposal are its relevance to the objectives, intrinsic merit and cost.
Evaluation of its intrinsic merit includes consideration of the following equally important factors.
(1) Overall scientific and technical merit of the proposal or unique and innovative methods,
approaches, or concepts demonstrated by the proposal.
(2) Proposer’s capabilities, related experience, facilities, techniques, or unique combinations of thesethat are integral factors for achieving the proposal objectives.
(3) The qualifications, capabilities, and experience of the proposed PI and CI.
(4) Overall standing among similar proposals and/or evaluation against the state-of-the-art.
3.7 Late proposals
Proposals or modifications received after the date specified in this RA may be considered if theselecting official deems them to offer JAXA a significant scientific and/or technical advantage or cost
reduction.
3.8 Withdrawal of proposal
Proposals may be withdrawn by the applicant at any time. To withdraw a proposal, the applicant
should immediately notify JAXA.
3.9 Cancellation and postponement
JAXA reserves the right to cancel this RA upon notice delivered by JAXA. In addition, JAXA
assumes no liability for canceling this RA or for postponing this RA schedule.
3.10 Important dates
January

9, 2009

2nd Research Announcement issued

March31, 2009

Proposal Due Date

July

2009

Notification of Selection Results
20

3.11 Proposal submission and contact point
Proposals with complete sets of attachments, such as reprints of papers, should be converted to
PDF format and sent via E-mail to the GCOM RA Office. The maximum file size acceptable byE-mail is 10MB.
E-mail address of GCOM RA Office: GCOM_RA@jaxa.jp
In case of difficulty sending via E-mail, five copies of both proposals and the complete set of
attachments should be sent via postal mail to:
Mr. Hiroshi Sasaki (GCOM RA Office)Earth Observation Research Center (EORC)
Tsukuba Space Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2-1-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
The point of contact is:
Mr. Hiroshi Sasaki (GCOM RA Office)Earth Observation Research CenterTel:+81-29-868-2729
Fax:+81-29-868-2961
E-mail address: GCOM_RA@jaxa.jp

21

4.

Instructions for proposal contents

4.1. General(1) Proposals received in response to this RA will be used only for evaluation purposes.
(2) The following types of proposals are not acceptable.
A) Proposals that include restrictions or patents from other institutions.
B) Proposals that are restricted when distributed or published.
(3) Proposals will not be returned to applicants.
4.2. Format(1) It is highly recommended that applicants send their proposals and complete sets of all
attachments, such as reprints of papers, in PDF format via E-mail.
(2) Forms for cover sheet, work plan, and resource requirements can be found in Appendices A
and B. No mandatory formats are applied to other parts of the proposal except thefollowing.
A) The page or paper size should be A4 or Letter size.
B) The page number must appear at the middle of the bottom of each page, and the nameof the applicant must appear in the upper right corner.
C) Proposals should be word-processing documents in either English or Japanese, with afont size not smaller than 12 points.
(3) Proposals should be brief and to the point, concentrating on substantive materials. The main
body of the proposals should not exceed 20 pages in length. Necessary detailed information,such as reprints, should be included as attachments. A complete set of attachments must
accompany each copy of a proposal when submitting via postal mail.
4.3 Proposal contents(1) Cover sheet
A) Research title
State your research title precisely and clearly. The title should be brief, reflecting anespecially valid project intelligible to a science-literate reader and suitable for use in the
public process.
B) Research category
Choose the relevant category to which the proposal belongs.
D) Information of applicants- Identifying information of PI.
State the name, job title, organization, address, E-mail address, and telephone andfacsimile numbers of the PI.
- Identifying information of Co-investigator.
State the name, organization, telephone number, and E-mail address of each
Co-investigator (CI). One research team should consist of only one PI, or one PI andseveral CIs.
E) Budget
Provide a four-year budget broken down by year and the four-year total amount inJapanese Yen (from JFY 2009 through 2012).
F) Endorsement
Signature of a responsible official or authorized representative of the proposing
organization, or any other person authorized to legally bind the organization.
(2) Abstract22

Include a concise, one-page abstract describing the objective, significance, method of
approach, and anticipated results.
(3) Description of proposal
This is the main body of the proposal and should not exceed 20 pages in length. This main
body shall be a detailed statement of the work to be undertaken, including its objectives andsignificance, relation to the present state of knowledge, and relation to previous work doneon the project and to related work in progress elsewhere. The statement should outline theplan of work, including the broad design of experiments to be undertaken and a descriptionof experiment methods and procedures. The project description should address theevaluation factors in these instructions and any specific factors in the RA. Any substantial
collaboration with individuals not referred to in the budget or use of consultants should be
described. Subcontracting significant portions of a research project is discouraged.
(4) Work plan (Research schedule)
The research schedule should be outlined in the form indicated in Appendix A.
(5) Management approach
For large or complex efforts involving interactions among numerous individuals or otherorganizations, plans for distribution of responsibilities and arrangements for ensuring acoordinated effort should be described.
(6) PersonnelA) Biographical information, experience, papers in related fields
A short biographical sketch, a list of publications, experiences related to this RA, andprofessional qualifications of the PI should be included. Also provide similar
biographical information on each CI.
B) Role of CI
The PI is responsible for supervising the work and CIs in the research. State each CI’srole in the proposed research.
(7) Resource requirements
Resource requirements should be described in the form indicated in Appendix B.
Information of required resources will be considered during the selection process. After
deciding the total amount of funding for each PI, JAXA will send more detailed forms forresource requirements to selected PIs for the final adjustment of funding. Before beginning
the second, third and fourth years, JAXA will send the same forms for resource
requirements again. Instructions for the budget summary and data request are also includedin Appendix B.

23

5.

Description of research agreement

5.1 Contractual procedure(1) After selecting the proposal and the PI, JAXA will send the PI guidelines and an application
form for making an agreement. Please note that JAXA will make an agreement with theorganization to which the PI belongs (“the Organization”), not to the PI or CI.
(2) A research agreement will be made by using associated terms and conditions as in attached
APPENDIX D. The Organization should submit the application form with necessary
documents according to the guidelines within the submission due date. The submission of
the application form will be regarded as definite intention of making an agreement with
JAXA, and the agreement will be effective upon issuance of the confirmation sheet by
JAXA.
(3) If JAXA determines that an extension of a research project is justified by the interim reportat the end of the Japanese Fiscal Year (JFY), the research agreement will be extended for
one year, but no later than March 31, 2013. Funded organizations should submit thecontinuing agreement application form to JAXA at the every beginning of the JFY.
(4) The organizations shall comply with terms and conditions defined in the research
agreement.

5.2 Research agreement summary
There are two types of associated terms and conditions of research agreements based on theapplicable category of research, Commissioned Research Agreement and Collaborative
Research Agreement. There are also two types of agreements for Collaborative Research
Agreement, funded or not funded by JAXA.
(1) Commissioned Research Agreement (Funding)- In principle, the Commissioned Research Agreement will be applied to research in thedevelopment of retrieval algorithms for geophysical products category. The Organization shallconduct the research according to the Statement of Work provided by JAXA.
- JAXA will provide necessary funds and the data sets to the Organization to conduct the research as
described in the Statement of Work.
- JAXA will own research results required to be delivered by the Statement of Work (Deliverable
Research Results).
- JAXA will retain royalty-free rights to use the Research results other than Deliverable Research
Results only for its own research and development purposes.
- In the event JAXA provides prior written consent, the Organization may use Deliverable Research
Results for its own research and development purposes.
- If the Agreement is terminated, the Organization will refund to JAXA any unexpended researchfunds that have already been paid by JAXA.
(2) Collaborative Research Agreement (Funded/Non-funded)- In principle, the Collaborative Research Agreement will be applied to research in the “fundamental
data acquisition and validation preparation” and “application research directly related to
GCOM-C1” categories.
- JAXA will provide necessary funds (for funded cases) and the data sets to the Organization to24

conduct the research.
- In principle, the research results will be jointly owned by the parties.
- JAXA will retain the right to use all results including results belonging to the Organization (if any),
and the Organization will retain the right to use jointly-owned research results only for its own
research and development purposes, without prior consent of the other.
- JAXA will provide necessary funds (for funded cases) and the data sets to the Organization to
conduct the research.
Difference between funded agreement and non-funded agreement-Collaborative Research Agreement (Funded)
JAXA provides part of the research funds and the data sets. The Organization shall submit aninterim report and a final report to JAXA, and shall participate in the workshops to reportresearch progress. If this agreement is canceled or terminated, the Organization shall refund
to JAXA any unexpended funds that have already been paid by JAXA.
-Collaborative Research Agreement (Non-funded):
JAXA provides the data sets. The Organization shall submit an interim report and a
final report to JAXA. However, such reports can be substituted with papers publishedduring the research term. Participation in the workshops is highly recommended, but
not mandatory.

(3) Publication of results
A PI who wishes to release his or her research results derived from this research activities toa third party shall-

Provide JAXA with a copy of the publication before release,
State in the publication that he or she obtained the results through participating in thisRA research, andGrant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications,
unless an academic society responsible for its publication requires the PI to transfer the
copyright to it.

25

APPENDIX APROPOSAL COVER SHEET AND SCHEDULE

A-1

Proposal Cover Sheet
JAXA GCOM Research Announcement
Proposal No.

(Leave Blank for JAXA Use)

Title

Research category (circle one)

Algorithm

Validation

Application

Principal Investigator
Job
Title

Name
Department
Institution
Address
Country
E-mailTelephone
Facsimile

Co - Investigator
Name

Institution

Telephone

E-mailBudget (thousand yen)
JFY2009

JFY2010

JFY2011

JFY2012TOTAL(Leave Blank for JAXA Use)

Authorizing Official:(Name and Title)

A-2(Institution)

Research Schedule
JFY
Month
Milestone

Activities

2009
4-6

7-9

10-12

2010
1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

2011
1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

2012
1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

1-3

A-3

APPENDIX BRESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

B-1

BUDGET SUMMARY
1. Personnel Expenses
2010(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2009

2. Purchases
2.1 Computers / Peripheral Equipment
ITEM

2.2 Software
ITEM

2.3 Expendable Materials and Supplies
ITEM
2009

3. Subcontracts
ITEM

2009

B-2

4. Travel Expenses
Departure Point – Destination(unit: days / times or days / travelers)
2009
2010
2011
2012

5. Observation Equipment
ITEM

2009

2010

6. Satellite Data
Name of
Satellite /SensorDistributor(unit: thousand yen)
Cost

Purpose

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
Cost
2011
2012
Total

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

7. Other Data
Name of
DatasetDistributor(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

Purpose8. Others
ITEM

TOTAL (unit: thousand yen)(except “4.Travel Expenses”)

B-3

2012

Total

BUDGET SUMMARY (EXAMPLE)
1. Personnel Expenses
2009Part-time job for DSD data analysis

320(40x8)

2010(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

320
(40x8)

160
800(20x8) (100x8)

320(40x8)

2. Purchases
2.1 Computers / Peripheral Equipment
ITEM

2009

2.2 Software
ITEM

2009

2.3 Expendable Materials and Supplies
ITEM
2009

8mm tape (112m)
CD-R
MO (640MB)
A4 Paper (package of 500 sheets)

60
100
10
2
50

CD-RW Drive

50
100
15
2

3. Subcontracts
ITEM

Software development for DSD data
analysis

B-4

2009

300

1,500

50
120
10
1

600

50
120
10
1

600

210
440
45
6
50

3,000

4. Travel Expenses
Departure Point – Destination(unit: days / times or days / travelers)
2009
2010
2011
2012

Tokyo - Washington, D.C.
Tokyo - Paris
Tokyo - Paris
Tokyo - Osaka

7/2

7/1
5/1

3/1

5. Observation Equipment
ITEM

2009

Micro Rain Radar

1,500

2010

6. Satellite Data
Name of
Satellite /Sensors

Distributor

8/1
6/1

6/1
3/1

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

1,500

(unit: thousand yen)
Cost

Purpose

2009

2010

2011

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
Cost
2011
2012
Total

2009

2010

(unit: thousand yen)
2011
2012
Total

TOTAL (unit: thousand yen) 2,342(except “4.Travel Expenses”)

1,987

941

7. Other Data
Name of
DatasetDistributor

Purpose8. Others
ITEM

B-5

2012

1,581

Total

6,851

JAXA DATA REQUIREMENTS
1. JAXA-Archived Satellite Datasets(ADEOS, JERS-1, ERS, MOS, LANDSAT, TRMM, Aqua, ADEOS-II, ALOS)

Name of Satellite / Sensor

Quantity(scenes)B-6

PurposeB.1 Instructions for budget summary
Provide a budget summary by cost element (Personnel Expenses, Computers/Peripheral
equipment, Software, Expendable Materials and Supplies, Subcontracts, Travel Expenses,
Observation Equipment, Satellite Data, Other Data, and Others), sorted by Japanese fiscal year
as in the example attached to this form. An annual summary budget should also appear on thelast line.
(1) Personnel expenses
Enter expenses for part-time workers here as the total cost calculated by multiplying the unit
cost per day by the number of days. For part-time workers, use your own cost estimates.
(2) Computers/peripheral equipment/softwareEnter the lease and rental cost of computers and/or peripheral equipment. Note that JAXA
has the right to change specifications of all equipment. Also enter the cost of software here.
(3) Expendable materials and supplies
Enter the quantity of each item, following the example.
(4) Subcontracts
Provide the cost of subcontracts to outside companies or organizations here.
(5) Travel expenses
Describe the proposed domestic and/or international travel including information ondestination and number of days/number of times (or travelers).
(6) Observation equipment
Enter costs of observation equipment including installation cost.
(7) Satellite data
Investigators requesting satellite data other than JAXA-owned or archived data (listed in thenext section) should provide cost information here.
(8) Other data
Enter costs for data other than satellite data.
(9) Others
Enter costs for publication and others here.
B.2 Instructions for data requirements
JAXA-owned satellite data includes AMSR and AMSR-E data and other satellite data listed
below. JAXA will provide requested data judged necessary for the proposed research, subject toavailability of data processing.
-

Marine Observation Satellite (MOS) (only around Japan)
LANDSAT (only around Japan)
European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS)-1, 2 (only around Japan; for Japanese
researchers only; available until JFY2002)
Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS)-1 (global)
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS)
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) aboard EOS-Aquasatellite
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II)
Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) (10 scenes from JAXA archives)

Data availability can be checked on JAXA’s Earth Observation Satellite Data Distribution
Service (linked from EORC website, http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/about/distribution/index.html).

B-7

APPENDIX COVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATIONMISSION (GCOM)

C-1

1.

Introduction

Comprehensive observation, understanding, assessment, and prediction of global climate change arecommon and important issues for all mankind. This is also identified as one of the importantsocio-economic benefits by the 10-year implementation plan for Earth Observation that was adopted by
the Third Earth Observation Summit to achieve the Global Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS). International efforts to comprehensively monitor the Earth by integrating various satellites,
in-situ measurements, and models are gaining importance. As a contribution to this activity, the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to develop the Global Change Observation Mission(GCOM). GCOM will take over the mission of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II)and develop into long-term monitoring of the Earth.
As mentioned in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), warming of the climate system is unequivocal as is now evident from observations of increases in
global average air and ocean temperatures and widespread melting of snow and ice. However, climatechange signals are generally small and modulated by natural variability, and are not necessarily uniform
over the Earth. Therefore, the observing system of the climate variability should be stable, and should
cover a long term over the entire Earth.
To satisfy these needs, GCOM consists of two medium-size, polar-orbiting satellite series and multiple
generations (e.g., three generations) with one-year overlaps between consecutive generations forinter-calibration. The two satellite series are GCOM-W (Water) and GCOM-C (Climate). Two
instruments were selected to cover a wide range of geophysical parameters: the Advanced Microwave
Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) on GCOM-W and the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on
GCOM-C. The AMSR2 instrument will perform observations related to the global water and energy cycle,
while the SGLI will conduct surface and atmospheric measurements related to the carbon cycle andradiation budget. This chapter presents an overview of the mission objectives, observing systems, and data
products of GCOM.
2.

Mission Objectives

The major objectives of GCOM can be summarized as follows.
- Establish and demonstrate a global, long-term Earth-observing system for understanding climate
variability and the water-energy cycle.
- Enhance the capability of climate prediction and provide information to policy makers throughprocess studies and model improvements in concert with climate model research institutions.
- Construct a comprehensive data system integrating GCOM products, other satellite data, and in-situ
measurements.
- Contribute to operational users including weather forecasting, fishery, and maritime agencies by
providing near-real-time data.
- Investigate and develop advanced products valuable for understanding of climate change and water
cycle studies.
Detailed explanations of the objectives are as follows.
(1) Understanding global environment changes
A) Establish and demonstrate a global, long-term Earth-observing system that is able toobserve valuable geophysical parameters for understanding global climate variability andC-2

water cycle mechanisms.
B) Contribute to improving climate prediction models by providing accurate values of model
parameters.
C) Clarify sinks and sources of greenhouse gases.
D) Contribute to validating and improving climate prediction models by forming acollaborative framework with climate model institutions and providing long-term
geophysical datasets to them.
E) Detect trends of global environment changes (e.g., global warming, vegetation changes,
desertification, variation of atmospheric constituents, wide area air pollution, and depletionof ozone layers) from long-term variability of geophysical parameters by extracting
short-term (three- to six-year) natural variability.
F) Advance process studies of Earth environmental changes using observation data.
G) Estimate radiative forcing, energy and carbon fluxes, and albedo by combining satellite
geophysical parameters, ground in-situ measurements, and models.
H) Advance the understanding of the Earth’s system through the activities above.
I) Contribute to an international environmental strategy utilizing the results above.
(2) Direct contribution to improving people’s lives
A) Improvement of weather forecast accuracy (particularly typhoon track prediction, localized
severe rain, etc.).
B) Improvement of forecast accuracy for unusual weather and climate.
C) Improvement of water-route and maritime information.
D) Provision of fishery information.
E) Efficient coastal monitoring.
F) Improved yield prediction of agricultural products.
G) Monitoring and forecasting air pollution including yellow dust.
H) Observation of volcanic smoke and prediction of the extent of the impact.
I) Detection of forest fires.
3.

Observing Systems

3.1. Overall concept
As mentioned in the previous section, the entire GCOM will consist of two satellite series spanning
three generations. However, a budget will be approved for each satellite. Currently, only the GCOM-W1
satellite has been approved for actual development as the first satellite in the GCOM series. Both
GCOM-W1 and GCOM-C1 satellites will be medium-size platforms that are smaller than the ADEOS-II
satellite. This is to reduce the risk associated with large platforms having valuable and multiple observing
instruments. Also, since the ADEOS-II problem was related to the solar paddle, a dual solar-paddle
design was adopted for both satellites. To assure data continuity and consistent calibration, follow-on
satellites will be launched so as to overlap the preceding satellite by one year. The concept is summarized
in Fig. 1.
Jan. 2012

1-year
GCOM-W1
GCOM-W2

LaunchGCOM-W3
GCOM-C1
GCOM-C2

LaunchGCOM-C3

Fig. 1. GCOM concept
C-3

3.2. GCOM-W1 and AMSR2 instrument
Figure 2 presents an overview of the GCOM-W1 satellite; its major characteristics are listed inTable 1. GCOM-W1 will carry AMSR2 as the sole onboard mission instrument. The satellite will
orbit at an altitude of about 700km and will have an ascending node local time of 1330, to maintainconsistency with Aqua/AMSR-E observations.

Fig. 2. Overview of GCOM-W1 satellite

TABLE 1
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GCOM-W1 SATELLITE
Instrument

Size

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2)
Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude: 700km (over the equator)
5.1m (X) * 17.6m (Y) * 5.0m (Z) (on-orbit)

Mass

1940kg

Power

4050W @ EOL

Launch

JFY2001 (beginning of CY2012)

Design Life

5 years

StatusPhase-C

Orbit

Figure 1 presents an overview of the AMSR2 instrument in two different conditions. Also, basic
characteristics including center frequency, bandwidth, polarization, instantaneous field of view(FOV), and sampling interval are indicated in Table 2. The basic concept is almost identical to thatof AMSR-E: a conical scanning system with a large offset parabolic antenna, feed horn cluster torealize multi-frequency observation, external calibration with two temperature standards, andtotal-power radiometer systems. The 2.0m diameter antenna, which is larger than that of AMSR-E,
provides better spatial resolution at the same orbit altitude of around 700km. The antenna will be
developed based on the experience gained from the 2.0m diameter antenna for ADEOS-II AMSR
except the deployment mechanism. For the C-band receiver, we adopted additional 7.3GHz
channels for possible mitigation of radio-frequency interference. An incidence angle of 55 degrees(over the equator) was selected to maintain consistency with AMSR-E. The swath width of 1450km
C-4

and the selected satellite orbit will provide almost complete coverage of the entire Earth’s surface
within two days independently for ascending and descending observations.

Fig. 3. Sensor unit of AMSR2 instrument in deployed (left and center) and stowed (right) conditions.
TABLE 2FREQUENCY CHANNELS AND RESOLUTIONS OF AMSR2 INSTRUMENT

Centerfrequency[GHz]

Bandwidth[MHz]

6.925 / 7.3

350

10.65

100

18.7

200

23.8

400

36.5

1000

89.0

3000

Polarization

Beam width [deg.](Ground resolution [km])V and H

1.8
(35 x 62)
1.2
(24 x 42)0.65
(14 x 22)0.75
(15 x 26)
0.35
(7 x 12)0.15(3 x 5)

Sampling interval
[km]

10

5

3.3. GCOM-C1 and SGLI instrument
Figure 4 gives an overview of the GCOM-C1 satellite; its major characteristics are listed in Table 3.
GCOM-C1 will carry SGLI as the sole mission onboard instrument. The satellite will orbit at an altitude
of about 800km; the descending node local time will be 1030, to maintain a wide observation swath andreduce cloud interference over land.

C-5

Fig. 4. Overview of GCOM-C1 satellite
TABLE 3
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GCOM-C1 SATELLITE
Instrument

Size

Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)
Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude: 798km (over the equator)
4.6m (X) * 16.3m (Y) * 2.8m (Z)

Mass

1950kg

Power

4250W @ EOL

Launch

JFY2013 (TBD)

Design Life

5 years

StatusPhase-AOrbit

The SGLI instrument has two major new features: 250m spatial resolution for most of the visible
channels and polarization/multidirectional observation capabilities. The 250m resolution will
provide enhanced observation capability over land and coastal areas where the influences of humanactivity are most obvious. The polarization and multidirectional observations will enable us toretrieve aerosol information over land. Precise observation of global aerosol distribution is a key for
improving climate prediction models.
SGLI consists of two major components: the Infrared Scanner (IRS) and the Visible and
Near-infrared Radiometer (VNR). An overview of the SGLI instrument is shown in Fig. 5 for theentire radiometer layout, IRS, and VNR components. Also, requirements for sensor performance arelisted in Tables 4 and 5. VNR can be further divided into two components: VNR-Non Polarized(VNR-NP) and VNR-Polarized (VNR-P). VNR-NP and VNR-P are the 11-channel multi-band
radiometer and the polarimeter with three polarization angles (0, 60, and 120 degrees). VNR-P has atilting function to meet the scatter angle requirement from aerosol observation. The IRS is an
infrared radiometer covering wavelengths from 1μm to 12μm. It consists of short infrared (SWI;
1.05 to 2.21μm) and thermal infrared (TIR 10.8 and 12.0μm) sensors. It employs a scanning mirror
C-6

system with a 45-degree tilted flat mirror rotating continuously to realize an 80-degree observation
swath and calibration measurement in every scan.
Through intensive discussions and optimizing studies, the number of SGLI channels wasdecreased from the 36 channels of GLI aboard ADEOS-II to 19 channels, while the number of
SGLI standard products will increase compared to those of GLI.

Fig. 5. Overview of SGLI radiometer layout (upper), IRS instrument (lower-left), and VNR radiometers(lower-right).
TABLE 4
SGLI MAJOR PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Item
Spectral Bands

Scan Angle
Instantaneous field(IFOV) at nadir

of

view

Quantization
Absolute Calibration Accuracy
Life Time

Requirement
VNR-NP
11CH 380-865nm
VNR-P
2CH 670, 865nm / 0, 60, 120deg Polarization
IRS SWI
4CH 1.05-2.21μm
IRS TIR
2CH 10.8, 12.0μm
VNR-NP
70deg (Push-broom scanning)
VNR-P
55deg (Push-broom scanning)
IRS SWI/TIR
80deg (45deg rotation mirror scanning)
VNR-NP
1000m (VN9CH), 250m
VNR-P
1000m
IRS SWI
250m (SW3CH), 1000m SW1,2,4CH)
IRS TIR500m
12 bit
VNR : ≤3% IRS : ≤5% TIR : ≤0.5K
5 Years

TABLE 5
C-7

SGLI OBSERVATION REQUIREMENT DETAILSCH
VNR-NPVNR-PIRS SWIIRS TIR

4.

VN1
VN2
VN3
VN4
VN5
VN6
VN7
VN8
VN9
VN10
VN11
P1
P2
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW4
T1
T2

Λ
Δλ
nm: VNR, IRS SWI
μm: IRS TIR
380
10
412
10
443
10
490
10
530
20
565
20
670
10
670
20
763
8
865
20
865
20
670
20
865
20
1050
20
1380
20
1630(TBD)
200
2210
50
10.8
0.7
12.0
0.7

IFOV
m
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
1000
250
250
1000
1000
1000
1000
250
1000
500
500

SNR
SNR: VNR, IRS SWINEΔT(K): IRS TIR
250
400
300
400
250
400
400
250
400
400
200
250
250
500
150
57
211
0.2
0.2

L (for SNR)
W/m2/sr/μm
60
75
64
53
41
33
23
25
40
8
30
25
30
57
8
3
1.9
300 (K)300 (K)

Products

Geophysical products made available by GCOM-C1 and GCOM-W1 are listed in Tables 6 and 7.
There are two categories of data products: standard product and research product. A “standard”
product is defined as a product with proven accuracy that is to be operationally processed anddistributed. In contrast, a “research” product is a prototype for a standard product and is processedon a research basis. Both tables indicate standard products with shading.

C-8

OceanAtmosphere

Land

TABLE 6
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-C1
GCOM-C Geophysical Products
Precise Geometrically Corrected Image
Atmospherically Corrected Land Surface Reflectance
Vegetation Index including NDVI and EVI
Vegetation Roughness Index including BSI_P and BSI_V
Shadow Index
Land Surface Temperature
Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation
Leaf Area Index
Above-Ground Biomass
Land Net Primary Production
Plant Water Stress trend Index
Fire Detection Index
Land Cover TypeLand surface Albedo
Cloud Flag including Cloud Classification and Phase
Classified Cloud Fraction
Cloud Top Temperature and Height
Water Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Radius
Ice Cloud Optical Thickness
Water Cloud Geometrical Thickness
Aerosol over Ocean by Visible and Near Infrared
Aerosol over Land by Near Ultra Violet
Aerosol over Land by Polarization
Long-Wave Radiation Flux
Short-Wave Radiation Flux
Normalized Water Leaving RadianceAtmospheric Correction Parameters
Ocean Photosynthetically Available Radiation
Euphotic Zone Depth
Chlorophyll-A Concentration
Suspended Solid Concentration
Absorption Coefficient of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
Inherent Optical Properties

Resolution
250m
250m
250m
1km
1km
500m
250m
250m
1km
1km
500m
500m
250m
1km
1km

Scene: 1km
Global: 0.1deg

Coast: 250m
Open ocean: 1km
Global: 4~9km

Coast: 500m
Other: ditto
Coast: 500m
Other: ditto
Coast: 250m
Other: ditto

Sea Surface Temperature
Ocean Net Primary Production
Phytoplankton Function TypeRed Tide

Coast: 250m
Open ocean: 1km
Coast: 500m
Open ocean: 1km

Multi Sensor Merged Ocean Color Parameters
Multi Sensor Merged Sea Surface Temperature

C-9

TABLE 6 (continued)
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-C
GCOM-C Geophysical Products

Resolution
Scene: 250m
Global: 1km
250m
1km
250m
Scene: 500m,
Global: 1km
Scene: 250m,
Global: 1km
1km
Scene: 250m,
Global: 1km
1km
Scene: 250m,
Global: 1km
1km
250m

Snow and Ice Covered Area

Cryosphere

Okhotsk Sea-Ice Distribution
Snow and Ice Classification
Snow Covered Area in Forest and Mountain
Snow and Ice Surface Temperature
Snow Grain Size of Shallow Layer
Snow Grain Size of Subsurface Layer
Snow Grain Size of Top Layer
Snow and Ice Albedo
Snow Impurity
Ice Sheet Surface Roughness
Ice Sheet Boundary Monitoring

TABLE 7
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-W1
GCOM-W Geophysical Products

RegionResolution

Integrated Water Vapor

Global Ocean

15km

Integrated Cloud Liquid Water

Global Ocean

15km

Precipitation

Global except Cold Latitudes

15km

Sea Surface Temperature

Global Ocean

50km

Sea Surface Wind Speed

Global Ocean

15km

Sea Ice Concentration

High-Latitude Ocean

15km

Snow depth

Land

30km

Soil Moisture Content

Land

50km

C-10

APPENDIX DASSOCIATED TERMS AND CONDITIONSOF RESEARCH AGREEMENTS(FOR THE GCOM RESEACH ANNOUNCEMENT)COMMISIONEDRESEARCH

AGREEMENT

FOR

THE

GLOBALCHANGEOBSERVATION MISSION BETWEEN THE JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCY AND THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(D-2 ~ D-19)

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (FUNDED) FOR THE GLOBALCHANGEOBSERVATIONMISSION

BETWEEN

THE

JAPAN

EXPLORATION AGENCY AND THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONAEROSPACE(D-19 ~ D-35)

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (NON-FUNDED) FOR THE GLOBALCHANGEOBSERVATIONMISSION

BETWEEN

THE

JAPAN

EXPLORATION AGENCY AND THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

D-1

AEROSPACE(D-34 ~ D-49)

COMMISSIONED RESEARCH AGREEMENTFOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESERACH ANNOUNCEMENT)

JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-2

CONTENTS

Article 1.

Definitions

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 2.
Purpose and Scope of Research Projects
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 3.
ん。

Effective Term

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていませArticle 4.

Researchers

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Article 5.
JAXA's Performance for Research Projects
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Article 6.
The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for
Research Projects
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 7.

Subcontract

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 8.
ません。

Research Funding

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 9.
Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA Dエラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 10.
Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 11.
Disclosure of Technical Data D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 12.
Review and Confirmation of Research Results
ー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

D-エラ

Article 13.
Ownership and Usage of the Research Results
ー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

D-エラ

Article 14.
Publication of Research Resultsが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマーク

Article 15.
Industrial Property Rights
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 16.
Program/Data Copyrights
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

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Article 17.
Impossibility of Performance D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 18.
Delay of Performance
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 19.
Termination and Refund
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 20.
Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments D-エ
ラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 21.
ません。

Liquidated Damages D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 22.

Force Majeure D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 23.
せん。

Confidentiality

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていま

Article 24.
Government Approvals
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 25.

Language

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 26.
ません。

Special Agreement

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 27.
ません。

Dispute Resolution

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 28.

Arbitration

Article 29.
せん。

Governing Law

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていま

Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”
ークが定義されていません。

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D-エラー! ブックマ

COMMISSIONED RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an

application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;
WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in research activities
directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, and dataapplication of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;
WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet and JAXA further desires to utilize such proposal in JAXA's
project; andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to commission the Research Organization to engage in the above
research activities.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of
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each Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.
"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.
"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.
"Commissioned Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application
Form.
"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.
"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.
"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models and industrial
designs.
"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the " Commissioned Research Plan"(as defined below).
"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.
"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.
"Research Funding" means the total amount of funds payable to the Research Organization by
JAXA under Article 8 of this Agreement.
"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.
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"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions,
ideas, designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, thatcan execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

1. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA hereby commissions the Research
Organization and the Research Organization hereby accepts the commission to engage in the
research activities as set forth in the RA and/or the statement of work issued by JAXA("Statement of Work"), and/or the Commissioned Research Plan and/or otherwise under thisAgreement.
2. The Research Organization's research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out inaccordance with (i) the Statement of Work, and (ii) the Commissioned Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

1. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
2. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, that the Parties mutually agree upon the amount to be paid by
JAXA for such extended period; further provided, however, the Research Organization shallsubmit a renewal Application Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet;further provided, however, that the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
3. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 3
of Article 9, Article 13, Paragraph 3 of Article 14, Article 15, Article 16, Article 27, Article 28
and Article 29.

Article 4.

Researchers

1. In the event that the PI is no longer employed by the Research Organization, JAXA may
terminate this Agreement and utilize the services of the Research Organization for whom theprevious PI is employed for carrying out the Research Projects.
2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research
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Organization shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research
Organization shall submit to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA inorder to obtain JAXA's consent.
3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects
and shall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with theterms and conditions of the Agreement.

For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to thisAgreement, the PIs and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third parties.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research
Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data; andc) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports (asdefined below) and to promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.
Projects

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordancewith the Commissioned Research Plan and the Statement of Work. The progress and results of
the Research Projects by the Research Organization shall be subject to the review of JAXA.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations,
the Research Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:a) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;b) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in
the form specified by JAXA, and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;c) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andd) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.

Article 7.

Subcontract

The Research Organization shall not subcontract the Research Projects to a third party, without
prior written approval of JAXA.

JAXA may provide and Research Organization shall adhere to
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instructions regarding the terms and conditions of any subcontract entered into by the Research
Organization in relation to this Agreement and the activities contemplated herein. If the Research
Organization subcontracts the Research Projects to a third party, any act of such third party inconnection with the subcontract shall be deemed to be an act of the Research Organization and the
Research Organization shall be responsible therefore.

Article 8.

Research Funding

1. The Confirmation Sheet identifies the amount of funding to be provided by JAXA to the
Research Organization for the Research Projects ("Research Funding").

JAXA shall, within

thirty (30) days from the date when JAXA receives an invoice duly issued by the Research
Organization, make payment for the Research Funding by wire transfer.

All payments

stipulated in this Agreement shall include any charges, taxes or duties levied by any official
authorities of the country where the Research Organization exists.
2. If JAXA fails to pay the Research Funding within the above period, JAXA shall pay to the
Research Organization default interest of six (6) percent per annum on such unpaid amount forthe period from the immediately succeeding day of due date for payment to the date of actual
payment; provided, however, that if such nonpayment was due to an Act of God or any otherreasons outside of the control of JAXA, the period for which such reasons exist shall not becounted in the number of days subject to payment of default interest.
3. Throughout the performance of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall maintain books,
records, logs, documents and other evidence sufficient to record all actions taken with respect tothe completion of the Research Projects. The Research Organization shall agree to allow JAXA
to inspect, copy, and audit such books, records, documents and other evidence at any reasonable
time.

Article 9.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

1. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advance Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andD-9d) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating in the satellites, limitations on
their operations, or any other reasons.
2. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing theefforts of these Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
3. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to
the following:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which means highly processed products that do not retain theoriginal pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation
Satellite Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, theownership of such products shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties,
taking into consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research
Organization.

Article 10.

Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA

1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency
pursuant to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency("Meteorological Data").

The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the

Meteorological Data may be limited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the
Meteorological Data belong to the Japan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting Research Projects.

The Research Organization may not disclose the provided

Meteorological Data to any party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Data
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in accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 11.

Disclosure of Technical Data

1. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data.

The

Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by
the other party.
2. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallprotect Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
3. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than
the receiving party, or for any other purpose, without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
4. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities
under the Agreement.

Article 12.

Review and Confirmation of Research Results

1. The Research Organization shall deliver the Deliverable Research Results (as defined below)
before the expiration of the Agreement Term.

After receiving all Deliverable Research Results,

JAXA may examine the Deliverable Research Results and the performance of the Research
Organization to confirm the completion of the Research Projects.
2. If JAXA reasonably determines that 1) the Deliverable Research Results are not of the required
quality and/or 2) the performance of the Research Organization is inadequate, JAXA may
request the Research Organization to perform remedial activities during a period specified by
JAXA and within the amounts of the Research Funding.
3. The failure to perform the remedial activities contemplated in the foregoing paragraph shallconstitute a default under the Agreement; hence Article 21 of the Agreement shall apply.

Article 13.

Ownership and Usage of the Research Results

1. All Research Results required by the Statement of Work to be delivered to JAXA ("Deliverable
Research Results") shall be owned solely by JAXA unless the Research Organization has
reasonably proven that rights related to the Deliverable Research Results were already owned by
the Research Organization on the date of execution of this Agreement.

The Research

Organization may not use in any way JAXA's Deliverable Research Results unless JAXA
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provides the Research Organization prior written consent.

In the event JAXA provides priorwritten consent to use JAXA's Deliverable Research Results, the Research Organization may
use such Deliverable Research Results only for its own non-militaristic (i.e., peaceful) andnon-commercial purposes.
2. With regard to copyrights in the written documents related to the Deliverable Research Results
including Progress Reports and Final Reports, the Research Organization shall assign such
copyrights to JAXA at the time of delivering the Deliverable Research Results.

Such assigned

copyrights include, but not limited to, the rights to translate, transform or otherwise adapt works
and to use derivative works.

The Research Organization waives and shall cause its directors,

officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such persons are employed by
the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the assigned copyrights in thewritten documents related to Deliverable Research Results including Progress Reports and Final
Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers and shall cause such directors, officers,
employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such waiver.
3. The Research Results other than the Deliverable Research Results ("Non-Deliverable Research
Results") shall be owned by the Research Organization.

The Research Organization hereby

grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA and JAXA's affiliates a perpetual,irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use the Non-Deliverable Research
Results (and derivative works thereof); provided, however, JAXA shall use such
Non-Deliverable Research Results (and derivative works thereof)

for its own research anddevelopment work including, but not limited to, the granting to commissioned researchorganizations and/or collaborating research organizations the use of such Non-Deliverable
Research Results (and derivative works thereof)
4. JAXA may request the Research Organization to disclose any Research Results including the
Non-Deliverable Research Results and other related materials to JAXA.
5. The Research Organization may not disclose the Deliverable Research Results to a third party
without prior written consent of JAXA.

Article 14.

Publication of Research Results

1. If the Research Organization intends to publish the JAXA's Deliverable Research Results, theResearch Organization shall provide JAXA with a written document regarding the description of
the subjected JAXA's Deliverable Research Results to be published and request a writtenconsent of JAXA.

JAXA will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's

request for such publication.
2. Before publishing, the Research Organization shall provide JAXA with a copy of the publication.
JAXA is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications, unless
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the copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such JAXA's Deliverable Research
Results have been obtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights tothe Earth Observation Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.
4. In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the JAXA's Deliverable Research
Results, the Research Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act in accordance with theterms and conditions of this Article and shall cause the PI and/or CI to grant JAXA an
irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications, unless the copyrights to such
publication belongs to an academic society.

Article 15.

Industrial Property Rights

1. The Research Organization shall report the existence of Potential Industrial Property Rights
generated in the course of the Research Projects, if any, to JAXA without delay and take thenecessary procedures to file and prosecute applications in JAXA's name, if possible, for theregistration of the resulting Industrial Property Rights, at JAXA's expense and with the approvalof JAXA. The Research Organization shall consult with JAXA and seek JAXA's instructions inadvance regarding every material matter concerning the application for the registration of theresulting Industrial Property Rights.

If the Research Organization successfully is granted such

Industrial Property Rights it shall notify JAXA without delay.
2. Unless the Research Organization currently has stipulated work rules regarding the following,
the Research Organization shall institute rules governing, and/or agreements with its employees
which provide that any Potential Industrial Property Rights and/or Industrial Property Rights
owned by and/or held by the employees shall be transferred by such employees to the Research
Organization in the event the employees' inventions and Potential Industrial Property Rights
and/or the Industrial Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within thescope of the Research Organization's business.
3. If the technology developed by the Research Organization in the course of the Research Projects
has Potential Industrial Property Rights, JAXA may make an application for such Potential
Industrial Property Rights to be registered Industrial Property Rights in JAXA's name.

In thiscase, the Research Organization shall submit to JAXA the materials required for the applicationand otherwise cooperate with JAXA in accordance with JAXA's instructions.
4. The Research Organization shall assign any Potential Industrial Property Rights and/orIndustrial Property Rights contemplated in Paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article 15 to JAXA
immediately after their acquisition, if acquired in the name of the Research Organization. For
the avoidance of doubt, the consideration for such assignment of Potential Industrial Property
Rights and/or the Industrial Property Rights is included in the Research Funding.
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5. If the Research Organization requests a license to use the Industrial Property Rights assigned to
JAXA under the preceding paragraph, JAXA will grant the Research Organization anonexclusive license unless it is reasonably deemed to be inappropriate.

The conditions for theapproval shall be determined by mutual agreement between the Parties as necessary.
6. The Research Organization shall obtain approval of JAXA in advance if the Research
Organization wishes to grant to a third party a license to use the Industrial Property Rights.
7. JAXA shall bear the total or a portion of the costs which the Research Organization paid to the
Research Organization's employee who created the technology which is subject of the Potential
Industrial Property Rights and/or the Industrial Property Rights and transferred such Potential
Industrial Property Rights and/or Industrial Property Rights to the Research Organization inaccordance with Paragraph 2 of this Article 15.

The amount to be paid by JAXA shall be based

upon a standard determined solely by JAXA.

Article 16.

Program/Data Copyrights

1. The Research Organization shall notify JAXA without delay in the event that the Research
Organization creates a program, software and/or database that may potentially constitute theProgram/Data Copyrights.
2. The Research Organization shall assign to JAXA all Program/Data Copyrights required by theStatement of Work to be delivered to JAXA ("Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights") including,but not limited to, rights to translate, transform or otherwise adapt works and to use derivative
works.

The Research Organization waives and shall cause its directors, officers, andemployees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such persons are employed by the
Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the Deliverable Program/Data
Copyrights and agrees not to rescind such waivers and shall cause such directors, officers,
employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such waiver.

For the avoidance of

doubt, the consideration for such assignment of the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights is
included in the Research Funding.

Provided, however, that the Research Organization may

retain the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights, if the Research Organization has reasonably
proven that it owned on the date of execution of this Agreement; futher provided, howeve that
the Research Organization may retain the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights regarding theknow-how, routine, subroutine and modules, if

the Research Organization designate some

portion of it. In this case, JAXA is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use suchknow-how, routine, subroutine and modules in the form as it is provided to JAXA, even if suchknow-how, routine, subroutine and modules whose ownerships are retained by the Research
Organization. Such use by JAXA includes the right of JAXA to grant a third party the right touse the know-how, routine, subroutine and modules in the form as it is provided to JAXA
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without paying royalties to the Research Organization.
3. Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, and in JAXA's sole discretion, the Research
Organization may own the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights solely or jointly with JAXA.
4. The Research Organization shall extend the terms and conditions of this Article to its researcher
who created the copyrightable item and shall prevent that researcher from executing the related
Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights.
5. If the Research Organization requests of JAXA a license to use the assigned Deliverable
Program/Data Copyrights, JAXA will grant the Research Organization such rights unless it isreasonably deemed to be inappropriate. The conditions for the approval shall be determined
upon mutual agreement between the Parties as necessary.
6. After such Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights has been assigned to JAXA, JAXA may
modify a program, software and/or database which is subject of the Deliverable Program/Data
Copyrights and shall bear the risk and responsibility related to such modification.
7. The Program/Data Copyrights other than the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights("Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights ") shall be owned by the Research Organization.
The Research Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA and
JAXA's affiliates a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use
the Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights (and derivative works thereof) ; provided
however, JAXA shall use such Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights (and derivative works
thereof) for its own research and development work including, but not limited to, the granting tocommissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations the use of
programs, software and databases related to Non-Deliverable Research Results (and derivative
works thereof).

Article 17.

Impossibility of Performance

In the event it becomes impossible for the Research Organization to carry out all or any part of theAgreement due to reasons attributable to the Research Organization, such failure to carry out its
duties shall constitutes a default and JAXA may terminate all or any part of the Agreement.

Article 18.

Delay of Performance

1. In the event there is a reasonable basis for which the Research Organization is unable tocomplete the Research Projects by the due date set forth in this Agreement, the Research
Organization may make a written request to JAXA for its consideration to extend the due date.
2. If the Research Organization fails to submit the Final Reports and deliverables to JAXA by theextended due date, such failure shall constitutes a default and JAXA may terminate all or any
D-15

part of the Agreement.

Article 19.

Termination and Refund

1. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective
and satisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after getting demands forcorrective action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided
that the breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures
within seven (7) days after getting demands for corrective action from the harmed party; andc) Consent of both Parties.
2. JAXA may terminate the Agreement at its sole direction upon the occurrence of:a) The events contemplated in Article 11 Paragraph 3, Articles 17, 18 and Paragraph 1 a) andb) of this Article 19 ("Agreement Termination Events"); andb) Any other material breach of this Agreement by the Research Organization, PI and CI.
3. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.
4. If the Agreement is terminated as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Research
Organization shall refund to JAXA any unexpended Research Funding. The Research
Organization shall remit such funds within thirty (30) days from the date when the Research
Organization receives an invoice issued by JAXA with regard to such funds.

Article 20.

Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments

The Research Organization shall transfer, upon the expiration of this Agreement, all rights andownership in the equipment acquired by the Research Organization with the Research Funding;provided, however, that JAXA may determine that any or all such rights and ownership will be
retained by the Research Organization.

Article 21.

Liquidated Damages

If the Agreement is terminated by reasons attributed to the Research Organization, PI and/or CI
including, but not limited to, the occurrence of the Agreement Termination Events, the Research
Organization shall pay liquidated damages to JAXA in the amount of ten (10) percent of the
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portion of the remaining Research Funding in addition to any amount to be refunded under Article
19 Paragraph 4.

Article 22.

Force Majeure

Neither party is liable for failure, delay or suspension to perform its part of the Agreement whensuch failure is due to circumstances including, but not limited to, fire, war, unavoidable accidents,
government acts or policies, or legal restrictions beyond the reasonable control of the party.
Either party may terminate this Agreement in the event of the above-mentioned circumstances.

Article 23.

Confidentiality

1. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research Projects,
provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing
party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a duly authorized third party not subject
to confidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f) Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing partyof the necessity of disclosure.
2. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without a prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
3. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5)years after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality
may be extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

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Article 24.

Government Approvals

Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

Article 25.

Language

All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be
in English.

Article 26.

Special Agreement

Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if madeupon the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 27.

Dispute Resolution

The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 28.

Arbitration

All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof
will be settled by arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of theJapan Commercial Arbitration Association.

Article 29.

Governing Law

The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

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Attachment A“Earth Observation Satellite Data”

Name of Satellite or Sensor
ALOS

Observation Period

Observable(YY/MM/DD)

Area

2006/05/16～

Global1987/02/23～1996/04/19

Around Japan,(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS(Marine Observation Satellite)

Antarctic

andSoutheast Asia
JERS

1992/09/01～1998/10/11

Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29

Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24

Global2002/06/19～

Global1997/12/01～

Global1991/08/18～2003/03/29

Around(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-Ⅱ(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-Ⅱ)
AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
for EOS-Aqua satellite)
TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)Japan

and Antarctic
1979/02/19～2002/03/31

LANDSAT＊(Land Satellite)* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

D-19

Around Japan

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (FUNDED)FOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESERACH ANNOUNCEMENT)

JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-20

CONTENTS
Article 1.

Definitions

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 2.
Purpose and Scope of Research Projects
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 3.
ん。

Effective Term

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていませArticle 4.

Researchers

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 5.
JAXA's Performance for Research Projects
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 6.
The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for
Research Projects
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 7.
ません。

Research Funding

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 8.
Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA D-エ
ラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 9.
Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 10.
Disclosure of Technical Data D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 11.
Ownership and Usage of Research Results
クマークが定義されていません。
Article 12.
Publication of Research Resultsが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

D-エラー! ブックマーク

Article 13.
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights D-エラー! ブッ
クマークが定義されていません。
Article 14.
Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
クマークが定義されていません。
Article 15.
Termination and Refund
されていません。
Article 16.

D-エラー! ブッ

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments D-エ
D-21

ラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 17.
Limitations on Liabilities
されていません。
Article 18.
せん。

Confidentiality

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていま

Article 19.
Designation of Know-How
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 20.
Government Approvals
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 21.

Language

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 22.
ません。

Special Agreement

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 23.
ません。

Dispute Resolution

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 24.

Arbitration

Article 25.
ません。

Governing Law

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていAttachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”
クが定義されていません。

D-22

D-エラー! ブックマー

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;
WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in collaborative research
activities directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, anddata application of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;
WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet to the Research Organization and JAXA further desires to utilize
such proposal in JAXA's project; andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to engage in the above research activities in collaboration with the
Research Organization.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of
D-23

each Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.
"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.
"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.
"Collaborative Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application Form.
"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.
"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.
"Intellectual Property Rights" means the following:(i) Industrial Property Rights (as defined below);(ii) Potential Industrial Property Rights (as defined below); and(iii) Program/Data Copyrights (as defined below).
"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models, and industrial
designs.
"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.
"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the Collaborative Research Plan.
"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.
"Research Funding" means the total amount of funds payable to the Research Organization by
D-24

JAXA under Article 7 of this Agreement.
"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.
"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions,
ideas, designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, thatcan execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

1. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization hereby
agree to work in collaboration with regard to the research activities as set forth in the RA, and/or
the Collaborative Research Plan and/or otherwise under this Agreement.
2. The Parties' research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out in accordance with the
Collaborative Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

4. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
5. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, that the Parties mutually agree upon the amount to be paid by
JAXA for such extended period; further provided, however, the Research Organization shallsubmit a renewal Application Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet;further provided, however, that the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
6. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 3
of Article 8, Article 11, Paragraph 3 of Article 12, Article 13, Article 14, Article 23, Article 24
and Article 25.

Article 4.

Researchers

1. In the event that the PI is no longer employed by the Research Organization, JAXA may
terminate this Agreement and utilize the services of the Research Organization for whom theprevious PI is employed for carrying out the Research Projects.
D-25

2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research
Organization shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research
Organization shall submit to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA inorder to obtain JAXA's consent.
3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects
and shall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with theterms and conditions of the Agreement.

For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to thisAgreement, the PIs and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third party.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research
Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data;c) Evaluate the Research Result and the Progress Reports (as defined below) for the Annual
Evaluation and send the results to the PI; andd) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports
and to promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.
Projects

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordance with
the Collaborative Research Plan.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations,
the Research Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:a) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;b) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in
the form specified by JAXA , and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;c) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andd) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.

Article 7.

Research Funding

1. The Confirmation Sheet identifies the amount of funding to be provided by JAXA to the
D-26

Research Organization for the Research Projects ("Research Funding").

JAXA shall, within

thirty (30) days from the date when JAXA receives an invoice duly issued by the Research
Organization, make payment for the Research Funding by wire transfer.

All payments

stipulated in this Agreement shall include any charges, taxes or duties levied by any official
authorities of the country where the Research Organization exists.
2. If JAXA fails to pay the Research Funding within the above period, JAXA shall pay to the
Research Organization default interest of six (6) percent per annum on such unpaid amount forthe period from the immediately succeeding day of due date for payment to the date of actual
payment; provided, however, that if such nonpayment was due to an Act of God or any otherreasons outside of the control of JAXA, the period for which such reasons exist shall not becounted in the number of days subject to payment of default interest.
3. Throughout the performance of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall maintain books,
records, logs, documents and other evidence sufficient to record all actions taken with respect tothe completion of the Research Projects. The Research Organization shall agree to allow JAXA
to inspect, copy, and audit such books, records, documents and other evidence at any reasonable
time.

Article 8.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

1. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advance Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andd) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating to the satellites, limitations on
their operations, or any other reasons.
2. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing theefforts of the Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;
D-27c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
3. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to
the following:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which mean highly processed products that do not retain theoriginal pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation
Satellite Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, theownership of such products shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties,
taking into consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research
Organization.

Article 9.

Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA

1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency
pursuant to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency("Meteorological Data"). The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the
Meteorological Data may be limited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the
Meteorological Data belong to the Japan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting the Research Projects.

The Research Organization may not disclose the provided

Meteorological Data to any party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Datain accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 10.

Disclosure of Technical Data

1. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data. The
Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by
the other party.
2. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallD-28

protect any such Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
3. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than
the receiving party, or for any other purpose, without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
4. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities
under the Agreement.

Article 11.

Ownership and Usage of Research Results

1. All Research Results shall be jointly owned by the Parties ("Jointly-Owned Research Results")
unless one party reasonably proves that it solely generates the Research Results solely in thecourse of the Research Projects. For the avoidance of doubt, only if the product is the result of
the Research Organization's sole work and sole funding shall such product be deemed to be thesolely generated Research Results by the Research Organization.
2. Generally, JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate agreement and obtainthe consent of the other party with regard to the usage of Jointly-Owned Research Results.
However, if each party uses such Jointly-Owned Research Results peacefully (i.e.,
non-militaristic purposes) and for non-commercial purposes, consent of the other party is not
required.

In the event that a party intends to grant a third party a license to use such

Jointly-Owned Research Results, the party shall obtain the prior written consent from the otherparty.
3. In the event that the Research Organization solely owns some portion of the Research Results,
the Research Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA an
irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use such Research Results (andderivative works thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports); provided, however,
JAXA shall use such Research Results (and derivative works thereof including Progress Reports
and Final Reports) for its own research and development work including, but not limited to, thegranting to commissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations theuse of such Research Results (and derivative works thereof).
4. With regard to copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports, regardless of whether they
relates to the Research Organization's Research Result or not, the Research Organization waives
and shall cause its directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether
such persons are employed by the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights tothe copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers
and shall cause such directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescindsuch waiver.

D-29

Article 12.

Publication of Research Results

1. Regardless as to whether the Research Results are owned solely or jointly, if either party intends
to publish the Research Results which are owned by the other party, the publishing party shallprovide the other party with a written document regarding the description of the subjected
Research Results to be published and request a written consent of the other party.

The otherparty will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's request for such
publication.
2. Before publishing, the publishing party shall provide the other party with a copy of the
publication. Each party is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided
publications, unless the copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such Research Results have beenobtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights to the Earth
Observation Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.

4.
In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the Research
Results, the Research Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act inaccordance with the terms and conditions of this Article and shall cause the PI
and/or CI to grant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use theprovided publications, unless the copyright of the paper belongs to an
academic society.
Article 13.

Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights

1. All Intellectual Property Rights generated in the course of the Research Projects shall be jointly
owned by the Parties unless such rights are deemed to be Solely-Owned Intellectual Property as
defined in Article 14 below.

JAXA or the Research Organization Results shall give the otherparty prompt written notice of Intellectual Property Rights generated and discuss the ownershipof such generated Intellectual Property Rights, as well as whether it is necessary to submit anapplication for registration of such Intellectual Property Rights.
2. JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate joint ownership agreement("Joint Ownership Agreement") unless they decide not to make an application for theregistration of the resulting Intellectual Property Rights. The Joint Ownership Agreement shallprovide the allocation of Intellectual Property Rights related to, or the allocation of an interest in,such joint innovation or work.
3. After entering into the Joint Ownership Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization shalltake the necessary procedures to secure the joint ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights.
4. JAXA and/or Research Organization shall take any necessary procedures for any Industrial
D-30

Property Rights owned by and/or held by each employees to be transferred by such employee to
JAXA or the Research Organization in the event the employees' inventions and the Industrial
Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within the scope of the Research
Organization's business.
5. If a party alters or improves the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property within one (1) year fromthe completion of this Agreement, the party shall provide a written notice to the other party
describing the alterations or improvements.
6. A party may grant to any third party a license to use the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property
Rights, provided, however that the relevant party shall obtain the written prior consent of theother party, and determine the licensing terms after discussion with the other party. In this case,the relevant party shall collect the usage fee from such third party as set forth in the separate
usage agreement. The usage fee to be collected from the third party shall be distributed
between JAXA and Research Organization pro rata in proportion to their respective interests in
those rights.
7. JAXA and the Research Organization may transfer their respective interests to the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights only to their respective designees after discussion
between JAXA and the Research Organization pursuant to a separate transfer agreement.

Inthis event, the relevant party shall cause its designee to succeed to all of its rights andobligations with respect to those Intellectual Property Rights.
8. If JAXA or the Research Organization disclaims its interests in the Jointly-Owned Intellectual
Property Rights, the relevant party shall give the other party prior notice thereof and transfer its
interests to the other party, only if the other party wishes to acquire it.
9. Any expenses, costs and charges required for the application procedure and protection of the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights shall be borne by JAXA and Research Organization
pro rata in proportion to their respective interests.

Article 14.

Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights

1. If a party solely generates Potential Intellectual Property Rights in the course of the Research
Projects ("Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights") the party shall notify such fact to theother party without delay. In this case, the party may take steps to apply for the registration of
the resulting Intellectual Property Rights as solely-owned ones at its own expense, provided thatit shall obtain prior confirmation of the other party. For the avoidance of doubt, only if
Potential Intellectual Property Rights are generated or created by the Research Organization'ssole work and sole funding shall such Potential Intellectual Property Rights be deemed to besolely generated or created by the Research Organization.
2. In the event of an emergence of Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights, the Research
D-31

Organization and/or the PI shall grant JAXA an irrevocable, royalty-free and non-exclusive rightto use such Intellectual Property Rights for JAXA's own research and development.

Article 15.

Termination and Refund

5. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective
and satisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after getting demands forcorrective action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided
that the breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures
within seven (7) days after getting demands for corrective action from the harmed party; andc) Consent of both Parties.
6. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.
7. If the Agreement is terminated as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Research
Organization shall refund to JAXA any unexpended Research Funding. The Research
Organization shall remit such funds within thirty (30) days from the date when the Research
Organization receives an invoice issued by JAXA with regard to such funds.

Article 16.

Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments

The Research Organization shall transfer, upon the expiration of this Agreement, all rights andownership in the equipment acquired by the Research Organization with the Research Funding;provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may determine through mutual
agreement that any or all such rights and ownership will be retained by the Research Organization.

Article 17.

Limitations on Liabilities

JAXA and the Research Organization agree to waive any claim against the other with respect todamage of any kind, or any loss of its own property or property of its related entities arising out ofactivities under this Agreement ("Damages"), except such Damages which arise through willful
misconduct and except Intellectual Property Rights.

D-32

Article 18.

Confidentiality

1. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or in by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research
Projects, provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing
party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a dully authorized third party not subject
to confidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f)Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing partyof the necessity of disclosure.
2. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret, and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
3. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5)years after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality
may be extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

Article 19.

Designation of Know-How

1. After mutual agreement by the Parties, JAXA and the Research Organization shall promptly
designate as know-how the Research Results which are appropriately to be treated as know-how("Know-How").
2. After designating the Know-How, such Know-How should be kept in confidence in principle,
for five (5) years commencing on the day immediately following the date of the completion ofthis Agreement; provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may extend or
shorten that period upon mutual agreement.

D-33

Article 20.

Government Approvals

Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

Article 21.

Language

All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be
in English.

Article 22.

Special Agreement

Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if madeupon the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 23.

Dispute Resolution

The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 24.

Arbitration

All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof
will be settled by arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of theJapan Commercial Arbitration Association.

Article 25.

Governing Law

The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

D-34

Attachment A“Earth Observation Satellite Data”

Name of Satellite or Sensor

Observation Period

Observable Area

(YY/MM/DD)
ALOS

2006/05/16～

Global1987/02/23～1996/04/19

Around Japan, Antarctic and(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS(Marine Observation Satellite)

Southeast Asia

JERS

1992/09/01～1998/10/11

Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29

Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24

Global2002/06/19～

Global1997/12/01～

Global1991/08/18～2003/03/29

Around Japan and Antarctic

1979/02/19～2002/03/31

Around Japan(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-Ⅱ(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-Ⅱ)
AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS-Aquasatellite)
TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)
LANDSAT＊(Land Satellite)* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

D-35

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (NON-FUNDED)FOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESERACH ANNOUNCEMENT)

JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-36

CONTENTS
Article 1.

Definitions

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 2.
Purpose and Scope of Research Projects
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 3.
ん。

Effective Term

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていませArticle 4.

Researchers

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 5.
JAXA's Performance for Research Projects
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 6.
The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for
Research Projects
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 7.
ません。

Research Funding

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 8.
Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA D-エ
ラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 9.
Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 10.
Disclosure of Technical Data D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
Article 11.
Ownership and Usage of Research Results
クマークが定義されていません。
Article 12.
Publication of Research Resultsが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

D-エラー! ブックマーク

Article 13.
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights D-エラー! ブッ
クマークが定義されていません。
Article 14.
Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
クマークが定義されていません。

D-エラー! ブッ

Article 15.
Termination and Refund
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 16.

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Limitations on Liabilities
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されていません。
Article 17.
せん。

Confidentiality

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていま

Article 18.
Designation of Know-How
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 19.
Government Approvals
されていません。

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義

Article 20.

Language

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。

Article 21.
ません。

Special Agreement

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 22.
ません。

Dispute Resolution

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていArticle 23.

Arbitration

Article 24.
ません。

Governing Law

D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。
D-エラー! ブックマークが定義されていAttachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”
ークが定義されていません。

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D-エラー! ブックマ

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;
WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in collaborative research
activities directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, anddata application of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;
WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet to the Research Organization and JAXA further desires to utilize
such proposal in JAXA's project; andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to engage in the above research activities in collaboration with the
Research Organization.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of
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each Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.
"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.
"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.
"Collaborative Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application Form.
"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.
"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.
"Intellectual Property Rights" means the following:(i) Industrial Property Rights (as defined below);(ii) Potential Industrial Property Rights (as defined below); and(iii) Program/Data Copyrights (as defined below).
"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models, and industrial
designs.
"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.
"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the Collaborative Research Plan.
"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.
"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.
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"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions,
ideas, designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, thatcan execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

3. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization hereby
agree to work in collaboration with regard to the research activities as set forth in the RA, and/or
the Collaborative Research Plan and/or otherwise under this Agreement.
4. The Parties' research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out in accordance with the
Collaborative Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

7. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
8. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, the Research Organization shall submit a renewal Application
Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet; further provided, however, that
the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
9. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 3
of Article 8, Article 11, Paragraph 3 of Article 12, Article 13, Article 14, Article 22, Article 23
and Article 24.

Article 4.

Researchers

1. In the event that the PI is no longer employed by the Research Organization, JAXA may
terminate this Agreement and utilize the services of the Research Organization for whom theprevious PI is employed for carrying out the Research Projects.
2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research
Organization shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research
Organization shall submit to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA inorder to obtain JAXA's consent.
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3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects
and shall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with theterms and conditions of the Agreement.

For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to thisAgreement, the PIs and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third party.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research
Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data;c) Evaluate the Research Result and the Progress Reports (as defined below) for the Annual
Evaluation and send the results to the PI; andd) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports
and to promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.
Projects

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordance with
the Collaborative Research Plan.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations,
the Research Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:e) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;f) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in
the form specified by JAXA , and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;g) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andh) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.

Article 7.

Research Funding

There will be no exchange of funds under this agreement. Each party shall bear necessary
costs to fulfill its own responsibilities under this agreement.
Article 8.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

4. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
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Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advance Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andd) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating to the satellites, limitations on
their operations, or any other reasons.
5. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing theefforts of the Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
6. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to
the following:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which mean highly processed products that do not retain theoriginal pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation
Satellite Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, theownership of such products shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties,
taking into consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research
Organization.

Article 9.

Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA

1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency
pursuant to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency
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("Meteorological Data"). The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the
Meteorological Data may be limited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the
Meteorological Data belong to the Japan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting the Research Projects.

The Research Organization may not disclose the provided

Meteorological Data to any party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Datain accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 10.

Disclosure of Technical Data

5. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data. The
Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by
the other party.
6. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallprotect any such Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
7. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than
the receiving party, or for any other purpose, without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
8. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities underthe Agreement.

Article 11.

Ownership and Usage of Research Results

4. All Research Results shall be jointly owned by the Parties ("Jointly-Owned Research Results")
unless one party reasonably proves that it solely generates the Research Results solely in thecourse of the Research Projects. For the avoidance of doubt, only if the product is the result of
the Research Organization's sole work and sole funding shall such product be deemed to be thesolely generated Research Results by the Research Organization.
5. Generally, JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate agreement and obtainthe consent of the other party with regard to the usage of Jointly-Owned Research Results.
However, if each party uses such Jointly-Owned Research Results peacefully (i.e.,
non-militaristic purposes) and for non-commercial purposes, consent of the other party is not
required.

In the event that a party intends to grant a third party a license to use such

Jointly-Owned Research Results, the party shall obtain the prior written consent from the otherD-44

party.
6. In the event that the Research Organization solely owns some portion of the Research Results,
the Research Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA an
irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use such Research Results (andderivative works thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports); provided, however,
JAXA shall use such Research Results (and derivative works thereof including Progress Reports
and Final Reports) for its own research and development work including, but not limited to, thegranting to commissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations theuse of such Research Results (and derivative works thereof).
4. With regard to copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports, regardless of whether they
relates to the Research Organization's Research Result or not, the Research Organization waives
and shall cause its directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether
such persons are employed by the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights tothe copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers
and shall cause such directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescindsuch waiver.

Article 12.

Publication of Research Results

1. Regardless as to whether the Research Results are owned solely or jointly, if either party intends
to publish the Research Results which are owned by the other party, the publishing party shallprovide the other party with a written document regarding the description of the subjected
Research Results to be published and request a written consent of the other party.

The otherparty will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's request for such
publication.
2. Before publishing, the publishing party shall provide the other party with a copy of the
publication. Each party is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided
publications, unless the copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such Research Results have beenobtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights to the Earth
Observation Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.

4.
In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the Research
Results, the Research Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act inaccordance with the terms and conditions of this Article and shall cause the PI
and/or CI to grant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use theprovided publications, unless the copyright of the paper belongs to an
academic society.

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Article 13.

Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights

1. All Intellectual Property Rights generated in the course of the Research Projects shall be jointly
owned by the Parties unless such rights are deemed to be Solely-Owned Intellectual Property as
defined in Article 14 below.

JAXA or the Research Organization Results shall give the otherparty prompt written notice of Intellectual Property Rights generated and discuss the ownershipof such generated Intellectual Property Rights, as well as whether it is necessary to submit anapplication for registration of such Intellectual Property Rights.
2. JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate joint ownership agreement("Joint Ownership Agreement") unless they decide not to make an application for theregistration of the resulting Intellectual Property Rights. The Joint Ownership Agreement shallprovide the allocation of Intellectual Property Rights related to, or the allocation of an interest in,such joint innovation or work.
3. After entering into the Joint Ownership Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization shalltake the necessary procedures to secure the joint ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights.
4. JAXA and/or Research Organization shall take any necessary procedures for any Industrial
Property Rights owned by and/or held by each employees to be transferred by such employee to
JAXA or the Research Organization in the event the employees' inventions and the Industrial
Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within the scope of the Research
Organization's business.
5. If a party alters or improves the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property within one (1) year fromthe completion of this Agreement, the party shall provide a written notice to the other party
describing the alterations or improvements.
6. A party may grant to any third party a license to use the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property
Rights, provided, however that the relevant party shall obtain the written prior consent of theother party, and determine the licensing terms after discussion with the other party. In this case,the relevant party shall collect the usage fee from such third party as set forth in the separate
usage agreement. The usage fee to be collected from the third party shall be distributed
between JAXA and Research Organization pro rata in proportion to their respective interests in
those rights.
7. JAXA and the Research Organization may transfer their respective interests to the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights only to their respective designees after discussion
between JAXA and the Research Organization pursuant to a separate transfer agreement.

Inthis event, the relevant party shall cause its designee to succeed to all of its rights andobligations with respect to those Intellectual Property Rights.
8. If JAXA or the Research Organization disclaims its interests in the Jointly-Owned Intellectual
Property Rights, the relevant party shall give the other party prior notice thereof and transfer its
D-46interests to the other party, only if the other party wishes to acquire it.
9. Any expenses, costs and charges required for the application procedure and protection of the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights shall be borne by JAXA and Research Organization
pro rata in proportion to their respective interests.

Article 14.

Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights

1. If a party solely generates Potential Intellectual Property Rights in the course of the Research
Projects ("Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights") the party shall notify such fact to theother party without delay. In this case, the party may take steps to apply for the registration of
the resulting Intellectual Property Rights as solely-owned ones at its own expense, provided thatit shall obtain prior confirmation of the other party. For the avoidance of doubt, only if
Potential Intellectual Property Rights are generated or created by the Research Organization'ssole work and sole funding shall such Potential Intellectual Property Rights be deemed to besolely generated or created by the Research Organization.
2. In the event of an emergence of Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights, the Research
Organization and/or the PI shall grant JAXA an irrevocable, royalty-free and non-exclusive rightto use such Intellectual Property Rights for JAXA's own research and development.

Article 15.

Termination and Refund

8. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective
and satisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after getting demands forcorrective action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided
that the breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures
within seven (7) days after getting demands for corrective action from the harmed party; andc) Consent of both Parties.
9. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.

Article 16.

Limitations on Liabilities

JAXA and the Research Organization agree to waive any claim against the other with respect to
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damage of any kind, or any loss of its own property or property of its related entities arising out ofactivities under this Agreement ("Damages"), except such Damages which arise through willful
misconduct and except intellectual property rights.

Article 17.

Confidentiality

4. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or in by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research
Projects, provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing
party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a dully authorized third party not subject
to confidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f)Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing partyof the necessity of disclosure.
5. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret, and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
6. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5)years after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality
may be extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

Article 18.

Designation of Know-How

1. After mutual agreement by the Parties, JAXA and the Research Organization shall promptly
designate as know-how the Research Results which are appropriately to be treated as know-how("Know-How").
2. After designating the Know-How, such Know-How should be kept in confidence in principle,
for five (5) years commencing on the day immediately following the date of the completion of
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this Agreement; provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may extend or
shorten that period upon mutual agreement.

Article 19.

Government Approvals

Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

Article 20.

Language

All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be
in English.

Article 21.

Special Agreement

Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if madeupon the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 22.

Dispute Resolution

The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 23.

Arbitration

All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof
will be settled by arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of theJapan Commercial Arbitration Association.

Article 24.

Governing Law

The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

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Attachment A“Earth Observation Satellite Data”

Name of Satellite or Sensor

Observation Period

Observable Area

(YY/MM/DD)
ALOS

2006/05/16～

Global1987/02/23～1996/04/19

AroundJapan,

Antarcticand(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS(Marine Observation Satellite)

Southeast Asia
JERS

1992/09/01～1998/10/11

Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29

Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24

Global2002/06/19～

Global1997/12/01～

Global1991/08/18～2003/03/29

Around Japan and(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-Ⅱ(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-Ⅱ)
AMSR-E(Advanced

Microwave

Scanning

Radiometerfor

EOS-Aqua satellite)
TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS

Antarctic(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)＊

1979/02/19～2002/03/31

LANDSAT(Land Satellite)* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

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Around Japan