Key Sentences
英文解釈

3〇学習内容完了形

現在完了と過去完了，未来完了，いろいろな完了進行形

A

現在完了と過去完了

３１３２３３３４３５３６３７

I have already written the paper.

It was one of the biggest earthquakes that Japanese people had ever experienced.

①

現在完了〈have〔has〕＋過去分詞〉：過去の動作や状態を現在とのつながりにおいて述べる時

Key Sentences

He will join us as soon as he has f inished his job.
Kent had already left for school when Kathy came.
I lost the umbrella yesterday that I had bought a couple of days before.
She had intended to come earlier.
My bike had been broken when I found it at last.

制。ア完了・結果 ➡３１，イ経験，ウ継続の用法がある。
〈補足〉 31では，過去のある時点でレポートを書き終え，その事実が今も続いていることを意味している。その結果，今は時間に余裕があることを表す。
②

現在完了形の未来完了代用：時・条件を表す副詞節の中では，未来完了の内容を現在完了形で表す。➡３２③

過去完了〈had＋過去分詞〉：過去のある時を基準にして，その時までのア完了・結果 ➡３３，イ経験 ➡３４，ウ継続を表す。エ大過去（ ₂ つの出来事の前後関係で，過去のある時より前に起こったことを表す。
）➡３５

オ過去の意図・希望・予想などが実現されなかったことを表す。hope，expect，intend，mean（意図する），suppose，want など。➡３６
カ過去完了の受動態〈had been＋過去分詞〉➡３７

A

次の英文を下線部に注意して，日本文になおしなさい。

⑴ I haven ’ t f inished my homework yet.
⑵

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

⑶

I had never read such an interesting novel before.

⑷

When they had their f irst baby, they had been married for ten years.

⑸

I had hoped that she would come.

⑹

Please wait until they have done it.

⑺

We’ll leave at noon if it has stopped raining by that time.

⑻

Willy has never been heard of since then.

⑼

I had never been spoken to by a foreigner before that.

B

未来完了

Key Sentences

３８ He will have finished the work by this time tomorrow.
３９ If I read the book once again, I will have read it f ive times.
４０ We will have lived here for ten years next March.
16

完了形

未来完了
〈will have＋過去分詞〉：「～してしまっているだろう」「～したことになるだろう」○

未来のある時までに予想されるア完了・結果 ➡３８，イ経験 ➡３９，ウ継続 ➡４０ を表す。

B⑴

日本文の意味を表す英文になるように，に適する語を入れなさい。

もう ₁ 度ロサンゼルスへ行くと，私はそこへ₁₀回行ったことになる。

If I go to Los Angeles again, I

there tentimes.
⑵

この ₅ 月で母は半年入院していることになる。

My motherin the hospital for half a yearnext May.
⑶

₃ 月半ばごろには，彼は入学試験に合格していることだろう。

He

the entrance examination around themiddle of March.
⑷

年末までには彼は卒業論文を書き上げてしまっているだろう。

By the end of this year hewriting hisgraduation thesis.

C

いろいろな完了進行形

Key Sentences

４１ I have been waiting for her since two o’clock. What’s happened to her ?
４２ How long has he been sleeping now ? ─ For twelve hours.
４３ She had been crying for a while. Her eyes were red.
４４ By the end of next March she will have been teaching English for thirtyyears.
①

現在完了進行形〈have been ～ing〉：過去のある時から現在までの動作の継続 ➡４１・42②

過去完了進行形〈had been ～ing〉：過去のある時までの動作の継続 ➡４３③

未来完了進行形〈will have been ～ing〉：未来のある時までの動作の継続 ➡４４C⑴

次の日本文を完了進行形で表すとき，彼女は ₁ 時間たっぷりエアロビクスをしっぱなしだ。

She⑵

aerobics for a full hour.

もうどのくらいバスをお待ちなんですか。

How long⑶に適する語を入れなさい。

youfor the bus ?

アンディーは来日前に ₄ 年ほど日本語の勉強をしていた。

AndyJapanese about four years before hecame to Japan.
⑷

今晩降りやまないと ₃ 日間も雪が降り続いたことになる。

It willfor three days if it doesn’t stop

tonight.
17第3章1
1 〈現在完了〉（）
内の動詞を現在完了になおし，その用法（完了・結果，経験，継続）を答えなさい。

⑴

My mother（ go ）out shopping.

（）⑵

His younger brother（ be ）sick in bed for a week.

（）⑶

I（ give ）up smoking. I hate cigarette smoke now.

（）⑷

I（ send ）an e-mail message to a foreigner before.

（）

2 〈過去完了〉 次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容になるように，に適する語を入れなさい。

They were discussing that problem when I arrived there.
⑴ The discussion of that problem

alreadywhen I arrivedthere.
I bought a weekly magazine at a kiosk and read it on the train.

⑵

On the train I read a weekly magazine Iat a kiosk.

That was the most interesting movie he ever saw.

⑶

Heneversuch an interesting movie before.

I found that someone had broken the windows during the night.

⑷

I found that the windows

3 〈未来完了〉 次の各文の（during the night.

）
内から適する語句を選び，○で囲みなさい。

⑴

He（ has returned，returns，will have returned ）home by this time tomorrow.

⑵

They（ have lived，lived，will have lived ）here for twenty years next month.

⑶

I（ have been，will be visiting，will have been，will have visited ）to Nara tentimes if I go there again.

4 〈現在完了形の未来完了代用〉 日本文の意味を表す英文になるように，⑴に適する語を入れなさい。

宿題を終えるまで待っていてください。

Please wait until I

my homework.

⑵

熱が下がってしまうまで起きてはいけないよ。

⑶

英単語を₁,₅₀₀語覚えたら，英字新聞が読めるでしょうか。

You must not get up until your temperature
When Idown.

1,500 English words, will I be able to read

English newspapers ?

5 〈いろいろな完了進行形〉 次の英文を下線部に注意して，日本文になおしなさい。
⑴

At the end of this month, she will have been taking piano lessons for six years.

⑵

It has been raining for as long as f ive days. I wish it would stop raining soon.

⑶

The mother had been looking for her son for three hours before she found him.

18

完了形

2
1 次の各文の（）内から適する語句を選び，○で囲みなさい。

⑴

I knew him at once, for I（ have often seen，had often seen ）him before.

⑵

This is the f irst time that I（ see，saw，have seen，had seen ）him laugh.
〈桃山学院大〉⑶

In two more weeks my grandparents （ are，be，have been，will have been ）married for f ifty years.

⑷

I’ll have completed the work by the time（ you come，you’ll come，you had come，you’ll have come ）back.

⑸

〈愛知大〉

When the doctor found a tumor in the head of his patient, he（ was suffered，has been suffering，had been suffering，suffered，is suffering ） from slightしゅよう＊ tumor：腫瘍

headaches for a few months.
⑹

Lucy hasn’t turned up yet. I （ was waiting，had been waiting，am waiting，
have been waiting ）for her for an hour.

⑺

There （ will be，is，has been，will have been ） no rain here for the past few
months. The water shortage is so serious.

⑻“Tomorrow our professor is going back to England.” “I didn’t know he（ haddecided，would have decided，will decide，is deciding ）to leave.”

2 次の各文のⓐ～ⓓ（またはⓔ）のどれか ₁ つに誤りがある。それを指摘してなおしなさい。
⑴ She

has done the workⓐf inished it
⑵

yet.

ⓓ

What has happened

⑶

There

have beenⓐ

I had spentⓐⓑrevenue.

ⓓlittle change in the patient’s conditionⓑa lot of moneyⓑ

have anything to wear.
⑸

Old people,obstinate,ⓐon clothes this year,ⓒⓒ

since heⓒdidn’tⓓ〈駿河台大・法〉

but I still don’t seemⓓwastoⓔ〈早稲田大・法〉

generally speaking, are inf lexible in their thinking. They areunable to think that there are many ways of looking at things. Theyⓑ

think in patterns theyset.

has not〈東京工科大〉moved to the intensive care unit.
⑷ⓒ

is that in the last two or three years the theaterⓐreceive an increase inwithout a break since eight o’clock, but sheⓑ

had usedⓒⓓ

most of their lives, so their thinking becomes〈上智大・法〉

3 次の各組の英文を下線部に注意して，日本文になおしなさい。
⑴⒜ He has been to the station to see her off.
⒝

He has gone to the station to see her off.

⒜ She would like to travel abroad when she has graduated from college.
⑵⒝

I would like to know when she graduated from college.
19

第3章

4 日本文の意味を表す英文になるように，（）内の語を並べかえなさい。それぞれ ₁ 語不要なものがあります。
⑴

彼女が外国へ行ってから彼はどうなったのだろう。

What（ become ⊘ went ⊘ happened ⊘ abroad ⊘ has ⊘ him ⊘ of ⊘ she ⊘ since ）?
What⑵

?

おうわさはかねがね聞いております。何が何でもお会いしたかったのです。

〈立命館大〉

We’ve heard a（ and ⊘ seeking ⊘ you ⊘ been ⊘ lot ⊘ dying ⊘ have ⊘ about ）to meet you.
We’ve heard ato meet you.

⑶ 彼の新作戯曲はここ数年上演されたうちではいちばん優れた喜劇だ。 His new play（ been ⊘being ⊘ of ⊘ best ⊘ is ⊘ have ⊘ the ⊘ his ⊘ that ⊘ comedies ⊘ staged ）for years.
His new playfor years.
⑷ 生徒たちは答案を書き終えたら提出しなければならない。 The students are（ papers ⊘ to ⊘in ⊘ f inished ⊘ required ⊘ when ⊘ hand ⊘ have ⊘ they ⊘ their ⊘ will ）writing them.
The students arewriting them.

5 日本文の意味を表す英文になるように，⑴

今までどこにいたんだよ。さんざんさがしていたんだよ。

Whereyouall this while ?

I’ve⑵

you everywhere.

お嬢様が帰国なさるころには，桜はみんな散ってしまっていることでしょう。 〈東洋大・改〉

Byblossoms⑶に適する語を入れなさい。

your daughter
allfallen.

私は旅先で起こったことの一部始終を両親に話した。

I told my parents all⑷

home, the cherry

during the trip.

約束の時間はとっくに過ぎているのに，彼女はまだ来ない。何かあったのかなあ。

It’s well

the appointed time, but she

up yet.

I wonder what’s happened to her.
⑸

彼女は渡米して ₁ か月たたないうちにホームシックにかかってしまった。

Shethe United States a monthwhen she got homesick.

6

次の日本文を英文になおしなさい。
（ ）内に語句が与えられているときは，それを参考にすること。

⑴

昨日の午後から雨が降ったりやんだりしています。（ rain on and off ）⑵

私が起きたときには，母はゴルフに出かけてしまっていた。

⑶ 急がなければ。私たちが市民会館に着くころにはコンサートは始まっているだろう。〈産業能率大〉⑷20

最近外車の数が非常に増えました。

〈城西大〉

完了形

1 Ever since humans began to settle in one place and raise crops and domestic
animals, they have been trying to improve plants and animals that are useful tothem. 〔日本文になおしなさい〕

2 Every boy and girl must be taught to f loat. Swimming can come later. It isvery easy, once the fear of sinking has disappeared. 〔日本文になおしなさい〕

3 ①In recent years, health and energy have been very important to many people.

These people usually go to the gym several times a week to exercise, lifting weights
and doing aerobics to improve their health and appearance. They often thinkcarefully about what they eat, avoiding fat and sugar, and eating more fruits andvegetables instead. Many take vitamins. Such people often speak enthusiastically
about how much better they feel, and how f it they are, since they have made（ ② ）a lifestyle.

⑴

下線部①を日本文になおしなさい。

⑵②の（〔ア）に適する語をア～オから選び，記号を○で囲みなさい。

medicine

イ f itness

ウ foodエ gym

オbeauty〕

4 Japan’s advertisements are very different from those in America. They arealmost innocent compared with the American advertisements. You will seldom
f ind a public message for the problems of drugs in Japan. At most, the country
has “use an ashtray” advertisements, asking people not to throw their f inishedcigarettes on the f loor, and JR has made posters asking commuters to keep theirknees together when they sit down in the trains. 〔下線部を日本文になおしなさい〕

settle：定住する

crops：作物

appearance：外見，容姿

domestic animal：家畜

innocent：無害な

drug：麻薬f loat：水に浮く
commuter：通勤客21