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103

Records and descriptions of Trichoceridae fromthe Japanese empire (Ord. Diptera).
By Charles P. Alexander, Massachusetts Agricultural College,Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
(With 4 Figures).

All species of Trichoceridae so far discovered in Japanand Formosa pertain to the genera Trichocera Meigen andParacladura Brunetti. A number of species of the former genus
seem to be conspecific with wide-spread Holarctic forms but afew others must be regarded as being distinct. It is virtuallycertain that a species of Diazosma Bergroth will be discoveredin Eastern Asia since specimens have been taken in Europe
and on both sides of the North American continent.

Paracladura Brunetti.
Key to the Asiatic Species of Paracladura Brunetti.
1. Wings yellowish, with a distinct brown seam along the cord.
(Eastern Himalayas).
elegans Brunetti
Wings unmarked, except for a stigmal darkening when thisis present.
2
2. Wings unusually wide, especially across the level of the anal
region, the 1st Anal cell being very extensive (Fig. 1). (Japan :Kiushiu).
latipennis sp. n.
Wings of moderate width or narrowed basally, the anal cellsnarrow.
3
3. General coloration of body yellow; wings subhyaline with
subhyaline to yellow veins.
4
General coloration of body brown to dark brown; wings
gray or pale brownish gray, the veins brown.
5
4. Coloration yellow, the abdomen brownish yellow ; veins
yellow, distinct against the ground-color. (Eastern Himalayas).
gracilis Brunetti(/lava Brunetti)
Coloration very pale yellow, the abdomen concolorous; veinsnearly hyaline, difficult to distinguish against the membrane.
(Fig. 2). (Formosa).
flavoides (Alexander)download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

104

Charles P. Alexander.

5. Wings of normal contour, the anal field of normal width(Fig. 3). (Japan: Kiushiu).
nipponensis Alexander
Wings cuneiformly narrowed at base, the anal cells very
narrow. (Formosa).
cuneata Alexander

fig. I

Paracladura latipennis sp. n.
Antennae elongate, especially the outer segments of theflagellum ; wings unusually wide, especially across the level ofthe anal field.
Male. Length about 3 mm; wing 4X 1.45 mm; antenna
2.5 mm.
Rostrum brown ; palpi black. Antennae unusually elongate,especially the outer segments of the flagellum; scapal segmentsbrown; flagellum brown, paling to whitish on the outer segments; flagellar segments gradually increasing in length outwardly, the outer segments very long and slender. Head brown.
Mesonotum brown, the scutellum slightly paler. Pleura
dark brown. Haltères light brown, the knobs dark. Legs withthe coxae and trochanters brown; remainder of the legs lightbrown, clothed with long pale setae. Wings (Fig. 1) of unusual
width, especially across the level of the anal field ; brownish
gray, the stigmal region barely darker; veins brown. Venation:
R1 a trifle shorter than R; cell 1st M2 relatively short and wide
for a member of this genus; m-cu on M4 shortly beyond thefork; anal cells very wide, especially the first anal.
Abdomen brown, the subterminal segments restrictedlydarker. Male hypopygium with the dististyles cylindrical, unarmed.
Gonapophyses appearing as slender curved hooks.
H a b . Japan (Kiushiu).

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Records and descript. of Trichocer. from the japan, empire (Ord. Dipt.).

105H o l o t y p e , d, Mt. Kirishima, altituda 3000—3500 feet,May 4, 1929 (S. Issiki).
I am very deeply indebted to my friend and colleague,
Professor Syuti Issiki, for the present specimen and otheradditional species of Paracladura recorded at this time. The
type is preserved in my collection.
Paracladura flavoides

Alexander.

1923. Trichocera flavoides Alexander; Philippine Journ. Sei·, 22:467—468.

The types were taken at Tattaka, Formosa, altitude 7400
feet, August 17—19, 1921, by Dr. Teiso Esaki. An additional
female from Arisan, Formosa, altitude 7300 feet, July 7, 1929
(S. Issiki).
Paracladuranipponensis Alexander.

1924. Paracladura nipponensis Alexander; Insec. Inscit. Menst., 12:82.

The type, a female, was taken on Mt. Kirishima, Kiushiu,Japan, altitude 3250 feet, October 30, 1923, by Dr. Teiso Esaki.
Two additional females were taken at Kosugidani, island ofYakushima, south of Kiushiu, altitude 2500 feet, April 29, 1929,
by Professor S. Issiki.
Paracladura cuneata Alexander.
1928. Paracladura cuneata Alexander; Philippine Journ. Sei., 36:456—457.

The type was taken at Nökö, Formosa, altitude 9000 feet,June 26, 1927 by Professor Issiki. An additional specimen ofeach sex from Arisan, Formosa, altitude 7300 feet, July 7, 1929,collected by Issiki. The wing was figured at the time of theoriginal definition of the species.
Trichocera Meigen.
Trichocera japonica Matsumura.
1915. Trichocera japonica Matsumura; Konchu Bunruigaku, 2:63.

This species has been so constantly overlooked by studentsof the order that attention is called to it at this time. The
original description is in Japanese, with the sole exception ofthe scientific name. Through an error, the supposed reference
to Trichocera japonica on the Plate (fig. 16) really refers toLimnobia japonica Matsumura. The actual identity of this latterspecies is somewhat doubtful but appears to refer to the widespread Holarctic species Neolimnophila ultima (Osten Sacken).
In any case, the name Limnobia japonica Matsumura (1915) isinvalidated by Limnobia japonica (Alexander, 1913).

download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

106Charles P. Alexander.

Dr. Teiso Esaki has very kindly translated the originaldescription of Trichocera japonica as follows : „Body dark brown,
notum dark yellow ; wings translucent, somewhat dark yellowish,
veins dark yellow ; haltères yellowish white with the apices darkyellow; abdomen flattened, hypopygium brown; legs dark yellow,
tarsi somewhat darker. Length of body 1.5 bu. (1 bu equals
3 mm). This species is easily distinguishable from all otherspecies by the very slender antenne."
The actual identity of Trichocera japonica is very doubtful.
The generic reference seems to be undoubtedly correct but nospecies having this type of coloration is known to me fromthis faunal region.
Trichocera maculipennis pictipennis subsp. n.
Antennae black, the scape reddish; general coloration gray,the praescutum with four brown stripes; femoral tips broadly
and uniformly darkened ; wings subhyaline with dark brownspots at the origin of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell
1st M2, and, in some specimens, especially females, across theouter radial cells and at the end of vein 2nd A.
Male. Length about 5.5 mm; wing 7—7.5 mm.
F e m a l e . Length about 6 mm; wing 8.5 mm.
Rostrum dark brown ; palpi dark brown. Antennae black,the scapal segments more reddish. Front gray pruinose, withlong erect setae; remainder of head brownish gray.
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with four brown
stripes, the intermediate pair narrow, widely separated, extending
from the anterior margin of the sclerite to near the suture;lateral stripes broader, indistinct; scutum yellowish gray, thelobes brown; scutellum light gray, more reddish beneath; postnotum gray. Pleura brownish gray. Haltères long and slender,
yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the hind coxae pale,sparsely pruinose, the other coxae paler; trochanters pale;femora dull yellow to brownish yellow basally, the tips broadly
dark brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings grayish subhyaline, the costal region more yellowish ; the type shows brownspots arranged as follows: Origin of Rs; Sc 2 ; along the cord;
R2 and fork of R2+3+4; outer end of cell 1st M2 and fork ofMi+2*, a narrow band or spot extending from near the tip ofRj+2 across cells R2, R3, R4 and R5 ; a spot at the tip of vein
2nd A; indistinct gray clouds at the ends of the longitudinaldownload unter www.biologiezentrum.at
Records and descript. of Trichocer. from the japan, empire (Ord. Dipt.).

107

veins and in cell 1st A at the wing-màrgin. In most otherspecimens of the type-series, especially in the males, the narrow
band before the wing-tip and the spot at 2nd A are lacking.
Venation: Petiole of cell Mr usually short; vein 2nd A strongly
curved.
Abdomen dark brown, the lateral and posterior marginsof the segments a little paler. Ovipositor light horn-color.
H a b . Japan (Hokkaido and Honshiu).
H o l o t y p e , o\ Meguro, Tokyo, April 1, 1919 (R. Takahashi).
A l l o t o p o t y p e , a broken o\ March 29, 1919.
P a r a t o p o t y p e s , 2 ÇÇ, March 23, 1919; p a r a t y p e s ,2-ÔÔ, Nakano, Tokyo, March 15, 1925 (T. Yokoyama); 1 sex?,
Sapporo, September 1922 (S. Kuwayama).
I am greatly indebted to the various collectors for thisseries of specimens. It seems best to consider the present fly
as representing a geographic race of maculipennis, differing
chiefly in the coloration of the legs and other details of coloration. It seems highly probable that Trichocera punctipennis
Brunetti will also finally be considered as being a race ofmaculipennis y since it has almost the same leg-pattern andstructure of the male hypopygium, though with an even morevaried wing-pattern.
Trichocera sakaguchii sp. n.
General coloration brown; haltères pale, the knobs infuscated; femora brownish yellow, the tips darker; wings gray,the stigma and a cloud on r-m darker; male hypopygium withthe dististyle flattened, provided with a slender setiferous lobe
on the mesal face before midlength.
Male. Length about 6 mm; wing 7 mm.
F e m a l e . Length about 6.5—7 mm; wing 7.5—8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, in cases withthe outer flagellar segments paler. Head grayish brown.
Mesonotum brown with a sparse yellow pollen, thepraescutum with two darker brown stripes on either side of amedian pale vitta; scutellum pale reddish brown apically. Pleura
dark brown. Haltères pale, the knobs infuscated. Legs with thecoxae brown, pale apically; trochanters pale; femora brownish
yellow, the tips darker; tibiae brown, the tips darker; tarsi
black. Wings of male of somewhat peculiar form, being broadestdownload unter www.biologiezentrum.at

108Charles P. Alexander.

on the basal half, cell 1st A unusually broad; apex of wing
obtuse; wings of female more normal in conformation; coloration grayish, the oval, diffuse stigma darker; a small, still
darker brown cloud on r-m; veins dark brown, the prearcularveins, Cu2 and Sc paler. Venation:
R2+3+4 about three times R2+3Î vein
R3 conspicuously sinuous.
Abdomen of male dark brown
to brownish black, including the hypopygium ; in female, the caudal marginsof the abdominal segments paler. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 4) with the basistyle(b) simple, unarmed. Dististyle (d)longer than the basistyle, dilated
outwardly, on mesal face shortly
Fig.4
before midlength with a slender setiferous lobe; beyond this lobe, the style is broader and moreflattened, the outer face with long coarse setae, the mesal facewith more abundant erect setae to form a cushion^likeappearance. Gonapophyses (g) appearing as very long, tapering
blades, the tips acute. Ovipositor with the valves unusually longand gently curved.
Hab. Japan (Honshiu).
Holotype, â, Okazaki, Kii, January 1,1929 (S. Sakaguchi).
A l l o t o p o t y p e , Ç.
P a r a t o p o t y p e s , 3 6 $.
. .. .
Trichocera sakaguchii is named in honor of the collector,
Professor S. Sakaguchi, of the Wakayama Normal School, towhom I am indebted for many Tipulidae. It is distinct fromall other described Holarctic and Oriental species of the genusExplanation of t e x t - f i g u r e s 1—4.
Fig. 1. Paracladura latipennis sp. n. ; wing, holotype.
„ 2. Paracladura flavoides (Alexander) ; wing, holotype.
„ 3. Paracladura nipponensis (Alexander) ; wing, holotype.
„ 4. Trichocera sakaguchii sp. n. ; male hypopygium.
b = basistyle ; d = dististyle ; g = gonapophysis.