2013-02-18

WEPA Workshop & Annual Meeting
Siem Reap, Cambodia
18 -20 February 2013

DECENTRALISED DOMESTICWASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
IN MALAYSIA

Y.Bhg.Datuk Hjh Nor’Aini Abdul Wahab
Deputy Secretary General
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology &Water Malaysia

CONTENT
1. BACKGROUND
2. MANAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONALASPECTS
3. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT
4. WAY FORWARD

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BACKGROUND

MALAYSIA
Population: 28 million (Urban, Rural )Area: 330,252 sq. km.

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MILESTONE OF SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAMostlyManaged bylocal
SanitaryBoardSewerage
Services
weremanaged
Urban byby the 144
Municipa
Individualls, Rural
Local
byAuthorities
Ministryof Health

AFTER BEFORE 1957
PRE-1994
INDEPENDENCE
INDEPENDENCE

Indah waterprovidesWSIA / SPAN sewerage
services in 88
Acts wasSewerageout of the 144
enactedServices
Local
A newDepartment
Authorities insewerage (SSD) wasMalaysia
Indah Water
Act 1993
formed as took over(however not(Act 518) regulator
on holistic
sewerage
wasAgency for management
manner) Rest
passed by Sewerageof the areas isin most states
Parliamen under thestilltill manageddin Peninsulart
new Act
on Ad-HocMalaysia
basicJune 1993

Dec 1993

April 1994
ONWARDS2006

Up to 2008

Indah Water tobe Service
licenseeunder WSIA
regime.

CURRENTLYEVOLUTION OF SANITATION IN MALAYSIA
Prior to 1950-s

Early Days inMalaya

Technology

Pour Flush

Septic Tank

Imhoff Tank

1950-s1960-s1970-sPrimitive / Primary Treatment(Address Public Health)

OP/AL

Activated Sludge/ Fully Mechanised
Biological Filters
Plant

1980-s1990-sPartial / Full Secondary Treatment(Address River Pollution)

2000

Year

Future TertiaryTreatment(Address Environment)63

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SEWERAGE COVERAGE AREATYPES OF SERVICES ANDAPPLICATION
Type ofServices
1. Connected- Multipoint- Regional- Private

POPULATION SERVED BY SEWERAGE SYSTEMS

Units

5,800792,370

Pour flush
13%
Individual
Septic Tanks
19%

2. Septic tank
- Individual- Communal

3. Pour flush

1,270,000
1 270 000
4,380

890,000

Communal
Septic Tanks
1%

Regional STPs
19%

Multipoint
STPs
41%

Private STPs
7%

Total

MANAGEMENT &INSTITUTIONALASPECTS

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GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE OF SEWERAGE SERVICESMINISTRY OF
ENERGY GREEN
ENERGY,TECHNOLOGY &WATERMINISTRY OF FINANCEMINISTRY OF
NATURAL RESOURCES& ENVIRONMENT• 100% Equity by Govt
• Govt. Support Loan &Subsidy

1. Policy &Control ofNationalSewerageAgenda
2. Regulate
SewerageServices

1. Provide Sewerage Services
2. Manage Public Sewerage Systems
3. Operator in Service Areas
4. Sewerage Services Billing & Collection.
5. Undertakes Refurbishment/ Upgrading
Projects Funded by Govt.

Regulate
Effluent
Discharge From
SewageTreatment Plants

SEWERAGE SERVICES CHARGES
DomesticBills are issued once every 6 months
RM 2 per month for low-cost houses
RM 8 per month for conventional
housesBills are issued every monthCommercial

Basic Charge + Excess Charge(Average Water Usage Exceeding100m3)
Bills are issued every month

Industrial

RM 2.50 per user / employee(Minimum Charge: RM25.00 per month)
Bills are issued every month

Government

Basic Charge (RM40/RM25) + Excess
Charge (Average Water Usage
Exceeding 100m3)

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SEWERAGE INVESTMENTSEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKS

GOVERNMENT FUNDEDCONCESSIONAIRE FUNDED

DEVELOPER FUNDED• Every 5 years
National Plans• Soft Loan andCapital Markets• Part of Land andPropertyDevelopment• Sewerage Capital
Contribution• Built into TariffStructure• MajorContributor ofSewerage Capex

TECHNOLOGICALASPECTS6

2013-02-18• Sewage Treatment system• Sludge Treatment• Operations and maintenance

SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM
connected(centralized/decentralized)

on site(decentralized)

on site(decentralized)

connected(decentralized)

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SEWERAGE SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION Sewerage systems are designed
population equivalent (PE); 1 PE = 0.225 m3/PE.day

andclassifiedbasedon

INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC TANK For 5 – 30 PE (1.125 – 6.750m3/day) Definition of septic tankbased on Water Services
Industry 2006 (Act 655):“A basic form of on-site
treatment facility consisting of
one or more compartmentsthat provides treatment ofsewage by means ofsedimentation and anaerobicprocess.”

SMALL SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Small Sewage Treatment System (SSTS)• For 31 – 149 PE (6.975 – 33.525 m3/day)• Treatment principles:a) Same as septic tank with additional aeration process at thesecond tank for removal of BOD; orb) Same as sewage treatment plant but only have critical
functions to provide partial treatment.
• Only involves low energy and technology application.

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Preliminarytreatment
Screening,grit &grease removal

SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM
Biological treatment
Anoxic & aerationtank

Sedimentation tank

 For 150 PE and above
 Variation of treatment
process:1) Suspended growth- Conventional activatedsludgel d- Extended aeration- Oxidation ditch- Sequencing batch
reactor
2) Attached growth- Rotating biologicalcontactor

Disinfection

SEWAGE
TREATMENTSYSTEM(33.75 m3/day andabove)

SLUDGE TREATMENT / PROCESSINGMechanised and non mechanised

Non –Mechanised

MechanisedSystems• Trenching• Sludge Lagoon• Drying Bed• Belt Press• Mobile Dewatering• Centrifuge Decanter• Filter Press• Centralised Sludge
Treatment Facility9

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WAY FORWARD

 A mixture – based on location- Regionalised/rationalised Institutional Framework– Restructuring the industry
 Sludge Management- Green Technology - Waste to Wealth102013-02-18

Thank You11