I)EC.,1946]

293

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIESRECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONSCRANE-FLIES(TIPULIDiE,

OF NEOTROPICALDIPTERA), XXI

BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDERMASSACHUSETTSAMHERST,

The previous part under this title was published in December,(JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY 53

1945

The majority of the species discussed at this(4): 279-291).

in Dutch Guiana by Dr. D. C. Geijskes
and inA few additional
Steinbach.
by Mr. Francisco
species
I wish to acknowl
in the text.
from other sources are mentioned
takentime were

Bolivia

and deepest
edge my appreciation
andcollectors
whohave aided
gists
the rich Tropicalin myservedAmericanlarge collection

thanksto all of the entomolo
in making known

somateriallyThecrane-fly fauna.
of World
Tipulidae.

Genus Holorusia

types

are preLoew

Holorusia(Holorusia) luteivena new species.
Size large( wing, male, 27 mm.); mesonotum light brownish yellow, thepreescutum with four scarcely darker brown stripes that are narrowly mar
gined brown; dorsopleural region light yellow, margined beneath by a morebrownishstripe;antennae

shortrelatively

andstout,

obscureyellow;wings

dirty yellow and gray, restrictedly patterned with darker, the veins andadjacent membrane restrictedly yellow; vein R3 with macrotrichia; Rs elon
gate,

twice

exceeding

m-cu;

M+,,

less

short,

than

abdomenr-m;

almost'uniformly brown, without a darkened subterminal ring; male hypopygiumwith the caudal margin of the ninth tergite four-lobed; outer dististyle
broadly flattened, near apex with numerous small denticles; inner dististylewith the blackened peglike spines relatively few in number.
about

MALE.-Length

25 mm.;

wing

27 mm.;

antenna

about

5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow, sparsely pruinose, especiallyat base,ened;nearlypalpi

equal in lengthdark
thebrown,

to theterminal

remainder
segmentof head;nasus
dark
stout,
a trifle
Antennae
paler.

obscure yellow, relatively stout; second flagellar segment a little bulging
on proximal

outer
three or four
segments
succeeding
subcylindrical;
a
all
but
last
the
little
at
base.
Head
dilatednarrowed,
segments
stronglyvertex withindicationsof a narrow
the anteriorline.
darkerlight brown,
Pronotal

Mesonotum

half;scutumlightdarkenedbrownishmedially,
withyellow,

the
four

of

notum

yellow.

indicateddarkerstripes,remainder

scarcely294[VOL.LIVNEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICALJOURNAL
SOCIETY

differentiated chiefly by narrow and inconspicuous brown margins;andhumeralofportionbrownishnarrowlyprescutum

cephalictransverse

black;

suture narrowly blackened, especially at the point; scutal lobes weakly dark
ened, the median area broadly pale; scutellum brownish gray, with indica
tions of a capillary median brown line, parascutella more darkened; medio
tergite obscure yellow, more infuscated laterally with a capillary brown
median line; pleurotergite chiefly obscure yellow. Pleura with a broad dorsal
yellow stripe extending from the pronotum over the extensive dorsopleural
membrane to the wing-base; immediately below this stripe with a brown
its ventral

stripe,longitudinal
the

coxve

brownishintomerging

portionthe more

gray,

with

long

pale

trochanterssetwe;

ventralgrayishobscure yellow, knob darker, the apex pale.

pleurites. HalteresLegs with

obscureyellow;

femora light brown; tibiEeand proximal segments of tarsi paler, outer tarsal
segments passing into brownish black; claws (male) bidentate, the basal
spine

small

and

slender.

with

Wings

color

the ground

of

the

half

cephalic

dirty yellow, of the posterior half more grayish; a restricted darker pattern,of cells R, M and Cut;afield and bases
the cephalicprearcularatof Rs;
veinsbrown
darkerbrown;
paler
stigmaspot at origin
seamed withthe posterior
and near cord, together withnarrowly
wing margin
A
at
1st
of
vein
and againend
thelatterby yellow
spots
interrupted
brown,
includingsmall butjust beyond
cell 1st M,;

veinssimilar whitish
2nd A;
spots
and the membrane
immediately

contrastingwiththe ground.

vein

of veinBase

beforestigmaandat baseofyellow,
restrictedly
adjacenttwoand aboutthe proximalR,,+

thirds of R3 with macrotrichia, the latter totalling about 18; remaining veins
behind

R

than

three

and more
twice m-cu
Rs elongate,
exceedingcell R, at mid
and R,4+ only slightly
sinuous,moreof cell M,
as at base;as wideslightly
petioleat the fork.
r-m, m-cu
short, less than the oblique

Venation:glabrous.
times R2+3; veins R,
two-thirds

about
lengththan one-halfm; M1,+4Abdomen almost uniformly light brown, without a darkened subterminal
ring.

Male

conspicuously
shorterpairhypopygium

with

the

four-lobed,butbroader,thelateral

all

ninth

lobes

its
broad,and narrow,lobes

tergite
small

with

blackenedspinouscaudalthemarginsubmediansetae.

Outer

dististyle broadly flattened, more or less scoop-shaped, the tip obtuse; outersurfacewithborderof the outer
setae; apicalscooplikelong dark
not muchor denticles.
Innersmall points
dististyleofareas
at apex;the outerbeakobtusestout,
style;
in area and numberof spines.
both
reduced,unusually

abundant

numerouswith
portionthan
moreextensive
peglikespinesHolotype,

J,

Cochabamba,

Chapare,Bolivia,

November

1934(Francisco Steinbach).
Holorusia
large

luteivena(Holorusia)

Thenearestis quite
relatives

species.
regional
as H.
Alexander
flavicornis(H.)
indifferthecoloration
which
Alexander,such

structureof the antennae,and details

distinctfrom otherseem

to be forms

lassulaand H.
(H.)
of the body and wings,of the male'hypopygium.

DEC., 1946]

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIES

295

Holorusia(Holorusia) cristobtusa new species.
Size relatively large (wing, male, 23 mm. or more); mesonotal prsscutumwith four grayish stripes that are narrowly bordered by brown; thoracic
pleura striped longitudinally with brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips
conspicuously blackened; wings with the cells basad of cord chiefly yel
lowed, beyond cord weakly infuscated; a restricted brown and pale pattern;male hypopygium with the caudal margin of tergite bilobed, the lobes
broad, with long black setse; outer dististyle broad; inner dististyle withcrest

the dorsal

low

and broadly

withobtuse,about 19-20 mm.; wing

MALE.-Length

scatteredpalesetae.

23-24.3 mm.;

antenna about

7-8 mm.
20-22

about

FEMALE.-Length
4 min.

mm.;

25-26

wing

mm.;

antennaabout

Dorsal half of frontal prolongation of head yellow, including the elongate
simple nasus, the sides dark brown; palpi brownish black, the extreme basesof the more proximal segments pale; terminal segment elongate, basal halfbrownishtheblack,

half

apicallong; scape yellow, pedicel
nearly cylindrical, elongate;
the flagellum
darkerthanvertex,all

yellow.

the basesvery weakly
bicolored,Headobscurethe tips.
yellowheavily

Pronotum
above.

pale

light

gray

praescutumof malerelatively

of

the

segments
front, moreina triflebeingoninfuscatedpruinose.

pale yellow, whitish

Mesonotal

Antennatestaceous yellow, flagellum black, segments
antenna of female much shorter and paler,withpruinose, narrowly
thegroundcolor

darkened mediallyobscurebrownishyellow, the posterior interspaces before the suture restrictedly yellow;that are narrowly
borderedthe mesalby brown,
in front
to form a broader
medianpair confluent
the median
and
the
of
regionposterior
portionsgray
stripes
intermediate
scutum

with

edges
brown
the

four
of

the

vitta;

lobes

ob

two relatively
small grayareas
the remainderof lobes withyellow,
scutellumthat are narrowly
borderedby brown;
sparselypruinose,
infuscated,the mesal
obscureends moredarkened;yellow,
mediotergite
parascutellascure

a broadmore
withPleurayellowed.
portionposteriora broadwith
theventralscleritesmoreyellow,grayishstripe,andreddishbrown
longitudinalinconspicuous
stripe, narrower

its

pale
brown,
dorsalyellow
but relatively
darkeronthecervicalregionnarrowedbecoming
ternum,the knobs weakly

darkened.

andon themostextensive
propleura,behind.
Halteresobsoleteahnd finally
with
Legs

the

coxe

and

trochantersanepisyellow,yellow,brownisha trifle darker;of the former
femoraobscurethe extreme
bases
the tips rather
and conspicuously
tibiae brown
blackened;broadlyyellow,
the tips more
claws
with
tarsi brownish
black;(male)
narrowly
blackened;withcolor before
cord extensively
the groundbidentate.
yellowed,Wings
a restricteddark pattern;withthe cord weakly
prebeyondinfuscated,area

arcular
and
brown

broad

and

cloudscord withcell

continuous
over

vague

a small spot over originof Rs
brown;
stigma,Cu and mi-cu
veinsdarkerbrown;
alongpaler
cells beyond
cord and outerend of cell 1st M2;
in the anal cells,
similarareas, withbrightenings

Sc paleseams

anterior

yellowed296[VOL.LIVJOURNALNEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY

extensively
or
Three

so

on more

than

four

scatteredtrichiacell

BR only moderately
at its outer
pointedm-cu;
tagonal,
Basal

basal

the

halves

vein

on

veins

cells;
Bs
cellbrown.

twice
nearly1st M2 pen

end.
of maleobscureof

stripe;basal

dicationstheVenation:at midlength;

constricted

abdominal

tergitesa median
brown

of

B3.

in
with
orangevague
yellow,
lateralof segments
more
portions

yellowed, the posterior lateral angles weakly darkened; basal sternites
chiefly orange-yellow; subterminal segments blackened to form a broadring; hypopygium obscure yellow. In female, tergites more heavily trivit
tate with darker brown. Male hypopygium with the posterior margin of
tergiteproducedthe vestiture
of

into

two

large

the

lobes

consisting

lobes

that

are

of

long

separatedby a V-shaped
notch,
black
setre, not at all modified

into spines, denser near tips of lobes. Outer dististyle broad, pale, the apex
directedlateradandattruncatedstrongly

but

apex

not

toothed.

Innerdististyle much larger, the short beak squarely truncated at apex, the widely
separated lower beak more obtuse; both beaks with extensive groups of
small

blackenedspinespeglike

or

knobs

that

extendbackward

onto

the

face of style; dorsal crest very low and broadly obtuse, entirely pale, pro
vided

with

scattered

Holotype,

palesetae.

SantaJ, Buenavista,

Cruz, Bolivia

Stein(Franciscobach). Allotype, Q, Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia, November
1934 (Steinbach). Paratopotype, 1 &; paratype, 1 0, 1 broken,, with the allotype.
The

present

closestfly appears

to species(Halorusia) flavicornis Alexander, H.
and

such

as Holorusia(H.) lassula Alexander,

in the patternof the body andmarkedlyin the structure of the male hypopygium.
and, especially,others,wings,
Holorusia

newcristalta(Holorupia)
mediumSizediffering(wing,

male,

about

species.
15 mm.);

mesonotal

almostprsscutum

uniformly light brown, virtually unpatterned; pleura and pleurotergite uni
withthe cephalic
half
and
wings
formlyyellow;a smallthe posterior
basal
than
infuscatedcells;
at near midlength
near midlengthof cell M; m-cu
gite

reddishsegmentsa subterminal
brown, with
six to eight;
male
hypopygium

dark
with

brown
the

cells

cord morebeyondbrown
spot atquadrateof M,3+4;

abdominal

involving
lobes
tergaloflarge,

themedian lobule lacking or virtually so; outer dististyle elongate,
inner dististyle with the beak cultriform; dorsal crest very high.
MALE.-Length
3-3.1

about

12-13

mm.;

wing

15-16

mm.;

ter

most

ring

antenna

simple;about

mm.

Frontal prolongation of head brownish yellow; nasus very long andslender; palpi brownish yellow. Antennae moderately long; basal threesegments yellow; succeeding segments bicolored, brown basally, with about
the outerhalf

obscureyellow;outer

segments

broken.

Headbrown.

DEC., 1946]

297

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIESThoracic dorsum almost uniformly light brown, the prsescutum virtuallyunpatterned; scutum slightly darker on central portion and the outer edgesof the lobes, the centers of the latter slightly paler; scutellum with a slightbasal darkening; mediotergite with a more or less distinct darkening oneither side of the broad paler central area. Pleura and pleurotergite uni
formly yellow, unpatterned. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem narrowly
yellow; remainder of legs light brown or yellowish brown, the outer tarsal
segments passing into black; claws (male) bidentate. Wings with aboutthecephalic

half

and

the

cells

beyondthecord weakly

the pos

infuscated,terior cells before cord paler, this including most of M and the remaining
basal cells; prearcular field and costal border, especially cell Sc, darker
brown; stigma dark brown; a relatively conspicuous brown cloud at near
midlength of cell M; veins dark brown. Veins beyond cord glabrous.
Venation: Is relatively long, strongly arcuated at origin, about one-third
longer than m-cu; cell R, constricted at near midlength; m-cu at near mid
length of M,+4.
Basal abdominal tergites reddish brown, more darkened sublaterally;
segments six to eight more darkened, to form a more or less distinct sub
terminal ring, the bases of tergites six and seven narrowly yellow, the apexof sternite eight similarly patterned; hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium relatively large. Ninth tergite with the caudal margin produced
into large and conspicuous lateral lobes but with the median area only
slightly produced, not forming a central lobule as in allied species; setaof lobes relatively long and slender, scarcely spinous; extreme central portion of notch without setae. Outer dististyle elongate, particularly on theouter two-fifths, not provided with lobes or projections. Inner dististylewiththe beakcultriform,

theextreme

lower

angle

apicala trifledecurved;

dorsal crest unusually high, its apex truncated; cephalic portion of crestwith numerous setse, these sparse or lacking on the posterior border; black
ened spinous
numerous.

pointsin twoareas,

the outerlargerand withthespiculesmore

Holotype, e, Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Francisco Steinbach). Paratopotype, 3.
This fly ismost similar to species such asHolorusia (Holorusia)
leevis Alexander, H. (H.) ringens Alexander, H. (H.) tarda
Alexander, and allies, differing from all in the structure of themale hypopygium, especially the tergite and inner dististyle.

Pectinotipula

Genus Pectinotipula
boliviensis new species.

20 mm.
or more);
Size
large
(wing,a continuoushead
and thorax with
ored;
with
darkerfulvousvariegatedbrown,

Alexander

antennal

flagellumbrown
dorsomedianbrown

latter including a conspicuous post-stigmal

strongly

bicolyellowwings
theareas,

band extending

from costa

and

pale

stripe;JOURNAL NEW

298

backward

obliquely

YORK

1st M2cell

through

ENTOMOLOGICAL

the

into

[VOL. LIVSOCIETY

baseof M3;

malehypo

pygium with the appendage of the eighth sternite unusually large and broad,approximately four times as long as the greatest width.
MALE.-Length about 17-18 mm.; wing 20-21 mm.; antenna about 7 mm.
about

FEMALE.-Length
4 mm.

26-27

mm.;

22-23

wing

antenna

mm.;

about

Frontal prolongation of head above yellow, including nasus; sides of
prolongation weakly more infuscated; palpi black. Antennae of male withbasal three segments yellow, succeeding segments bicolored, the base andbranches black, the stems yellow, the terminal segment paler yellowish
brown; branches subequal to or a trifle longer than the segments; in female,antnnae simple; basal four segments yellow, succeeding segments bicolored,dark

on basalhalforthe apex

less,

Head

yellow.

above

buffy

sides

yellow,of the posterior vertex weakly darkened; a capillary dark brown medianvitta.
Pronotum buffy, narrowly darkened medially, more extensively so on thesides. Mesonotal praescutum chiefly covered by four buffy gray stripes, theintermediate pair separated by a continuous median dark brown line; interspaces with conspicuous brown setigerous punctures; humeral and lateral
portions of prsescutum less strongly infuscated, the latter with a few setiger
ous punctures; scutal lobes chiefly gray, the median line narrowly darkbrown; posterior sclerites of notum gray, the scutellum at base extensively
infuscated; mediotergite with a narrow brown central vitta. Pleura and'pleurotergite yellow. Halteres infuscated, base of stem yellow. Legs yel
low,

the

femoraweaklyish black;darker
and

tarsi

and

brown

pale yellow
the subcostal

in

areas
at

cloudsarculus,and asbrown

terminal

yellowish

brown,

claws simple. Wings

brown
two

a nearlywithinfuscated;passing

the tibiae withthe tipsring,or brown
into dark brownchiefly fulvous brown, variegated withtheareas;

darkercloudsthe outermost
cell,
in basal
halfof cell Cu,
athe

includeatof Bs;
originin outer halfofstigmaothercell Mthe distal
sectionof vein Cu;
the
along
areas
as a post-stigmal
bandcell 1st ML
yellow
throughextendingin female;basad
of cord these
into the base of cell M,, more
conspicuous
in male,
in
Cu
and
1st
cells
outer
areas moreA;M,
especiallyextensive,
adjoining

cells

vein

Cu,
occur

seam

in
darkened;
uniformly
veins brown,
yellow
than one-halflongerbrightened;Rs moreor shorter

of

cell

BR moreVenation:
of

or

less

RB+2 entire;

cell Mltosubequalthan m.

Abdominal
segments

outerendfemale,in the pale portions.
than m-cu;
petiolemore

tergites fulvous yellow, more darkened on sides; subterminal
to form

darkeneda narrowsternites

ring;

and

hypopygium

more uniformly yellow. Ovipositor with cerci slender, long and straight.
Male hypopygium of the usual type of the genus, differing in details of theinner dististyle, gonapophyses and appendage of the eighth sternite. Innerdististyle

large

and

heavily blackened.
bilobed,the outer

ample,

the margin

Gonapophyses
lobe

an

irregularly

of

the

beak

of distinctive
flattened

and

the

outer

crest

shape, each profoundly

yellow

blade,

the

inner

lobe

1946]

DEC.,

a slender

ALEXANDER:

arm

that

is slightly

299

CRANE-FLIES

at outer

expanded

end.

ofAppendagesternite an unusually large and conspicuous depressed-flattened
length about four times the greatest width.

eighthlobe, its

Holotype, J, Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia, November 1934
(Francisco Steinbach). Allotopotype, 0. Paratopotypes, 1 A,
3 $9, withthe type;

2paratypes,

2

d,

Santa

$', Buenavista,

Cruz, Bolivia, February 1929 (Steinbach).
Theof thefrom the other members
species is quite distinct
genus in the pattern of the wings and in the details of structureof the male hypopygium.
that the wing
It should be emphasizedin the female is much more variegatedthan in the male.
patterntucumana new species.

Pectinotipula
MALE.-Length
Charactersthree

6.2 mm.
18 mm.;
about
antennawing
in argentina.
withtwo orAntenneethe outerHeaddarkened.
the dorsal
uniformly
above, with
17 mm.;aboutasgenerally

flagellarsegments

half of the frontal prolongation,
thelattermore
asreducedinfuscated;

palpi

clear light gray, the ventral portion of
black;

Mesonotum

vitta

on

darkening

capillary

to be virtuallylacking.
withthe median
brown

the

conspicuous,

sovertexlateralprae

scutal stripes very reduced. Halteres with stem yellow, knob infuscated.
Legs with the femoral tips narrowly dark brown, apical in position. Wings
withbrownishdarkerand whitish
very weakly
yellow,
patterned
a seam over the anterior
the former
includesthe stigma,
cord,subhyaline;
and tiny brownareas at origin
in cellof Rs and the end of Sc; darkenings
Sc reduced
to virtuallyare fully
as restricted,
the whitish
marks
lacking;
chieflyhalf
the distalof cell R5, very
includingand acrossan obliquecell 1st M,;
stigmain basesof cell M, and vague
brightenings
more

brownish

about

twice

in

yellow

mn-cu;

subcostal

theofpetiolecell M1

narrowat nearofcells

field.

two-thirds

Cu and1A;

Venation:

somewhatlines

obliterative

line

longerbeforethelengthveinsbrown,

R1+2 entire;
than

Rs

wn.

Abdomen yellow, the tergites narrowly trivittate with brown, the sublateral stripes extensively interrupted at the incisures; the broader median
vitta

very

narrowly

brokenbycaudalpaleborders

to

the

Male

segments.

hypopygium with the outer dististyle slender, narrowed outwardly and here
with

long

posterioryellowsetae.

Inner

each dilated
Gonapophyses
distinctive,
sternitebroadest
unusually
narrow,
abruptly

withdististyle

crests narrowly blackened,narrowed

to approximately

the margins

of

the

dorsalandthe latter conspicuously produced.
at

outer

on

less

one-half

end.
than

the widthofAppendage
the basal
half,
acrossbaseeighththence(extreme

tip of appendage broken).
Holotype,
J, Quebrada
tude 1600 meters, OctoberArgentina,
Famailla,
Tucuman,
1920
15,(Vladimir Weiser).

alti

300

JOURNAL NEW

YORKENTOMOLOGICAL[VOL. LIVSOCIETY

The present fly differs from what I have determined as being
Pectinotipula argentine (van derWulp), in the details of colora
tion of the body and wings

and in the structureof the malehypopygium, particularly the inner dististyle, gonapophysis and ap
pendage of the eighth sternite.
Genus Limonia Meigen
Limonia(Limonia) pugnax new species.
Size medium (wing male, 7 mm.); general coloration obscure yellow, theprescutum and scutal lobes conspicuously polished black; antennal flagellum
black, the segments with obscure yellow glabrous apical stems; femora
obscure yellow, the tips narrowly darkened; wings with a weak brownish
tinge, very restrictedly patterned with darker; Sc relatively long, Sc1 end
ing about opposite three-fifths Bs; m-cu about one-fourth its length before
the fork of M; male hypopygium very large and complex; ninth tergite
shield-shaped in outline, its outer median portion produced caudad into a
setiferous lobe; dististyle very complex, consisting of an outer pale lobe
and two inner blackened lobes.
MALE.-Length about 7 mm.; wing 7 mm.
Rostrum brownish black, relatively short; palpi black. Antennae black,the stems of most of the flagellar segments obscure yellow to produce aninconspicuous bicolored appearance; apical stems glabrous, more abrupt
in the proximal segments; longest verticils subequal in length to the seg
ments. Head above gray, the anterior vertex reduced to a capillary linethatis only

as a

as wide

about

row

singleofommatidia;

eyescorrespond

ingly large, the ommatidia coarse.
Pronotum infuscated above, obscure yellow on sides, the setea long andconspicuous. Mesonotum chiefly yellow, the surface more or less polished;awithprescutum

polished

medianblack

ontrianglethecephalic

half,

lateral preescutal borders more weakly infuscated; scutal lobes conspicu
ously blackened. Pleura, especially the propleura, more or less darkened.
Halteres blackened, base of stem restrictedly yellow. Legs with the coxas
theyellow,

fore

a

pair

trifletrochantersdarker;femorayellow;

obscureyellow, the tips narrowly and inconspicuously darkened, the amount sub
equal
outer

on

all

legs;

tarsaltibiaeandbasitarsi

blackened.

segments

Wings

yellowish
with

brown
a weakto light
brownishbrown,

thetinge,

very

restrictedly patterned with darker, including the small oval stigma; very
inconspicuous
1st M2;cell
about
endingdarkenedveins

cloudsoverbrownishof Rs,
originmacrotrichia

yellow,thethree-fifths

cord
black.

andouter
Venation:

end

of
Sc1

of Rs, Sc2 nearits tip; Bs
lengthtimes
the basal
sectionof R4+5; cell
two and one-half
relativelyof veinsectionto the distal
about
1st M2equal
short-rectangular,
small,.m-cu aboutof Ms;
sectionbasal
than the straightshorterM3; m arcuated,
oppositelong, about

one-fourthitslengthbefore

the

fork

of M.

DEC., 1946]

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIES

301

Abdominal tergites weakly infuscated, basal sternites more yellowed;
outer segments, including the hypopygium, chiefly brownish yellow, thedististyles more blackened. Male hypopygium very large and conspicuous.
Ninth tergite suboval or shield-shaped in outline, the caudal border truncate,
its median portion further produced candad into a conspicuous depressed
flattened lobe that is tufted with long yellow setee. Basistyle large, closely
applied or fused to the tergite; ventromesal lobe subapical in position.
tufted with setre. Dististyle very complex, consisting of an outer oval
pale lobe, provided with abundant setae, about six at and near apex muchlarger; inner portion of style produced into two separate blackened lobes,
the outer with very appressed retrorse teeth along its face; lower or more
cephalic lobe similarly blackened, its outline irregular. Gonapophysis withmesal-apical lobe unusually long and straight, the extreme outer lateralangle pointed but pale.

Holotype, c, Dutch Guiana, Sectie 0, in bush, June 7, 1944
Sectie(Geijskes).
south of Paramaribo.

"O"

is on the railroad

line some

30 milesLimonia

is a very distinct
pugnax(Limonia)
fly that cannot
with any other. Of all the described species, the only
one that at all resembles this fly is L. (L.) somnifica Alexander,

be confusedof southern

which

Ecuador,of the malewhich

has certainof the dististylefeaturesas in the present

somewhat

hypopygium
is entirely
distinctin the otherinsect but

ofstructures

the hypo

pygiumand of the antennae.

Limonia(Rhipidia) surinamica new species.
to pallatangce; general coloration of thorax pruinose, the central

Alliedofstripethe praescutum

and

the

scutallobes morechestnut

flagellar segments relatively short-unipectinate,

shorterthethanthoracicsegments;ortibiae more
legs;

all

patterned

conspicuously

the amountless blackened,ofsegments

outer

all

with

tarsi
darkerdark

pleuranarrow, darker brown, dorsolongitudinal

stripe;ofyellowantennasbrown;(male) withbrown,

the brancheswithpruinose,legs withathe femora andon

differing

the various

blackened;wings
narrow,
pale
brown
and whitish
subhyalinebrown,
areas;Sc relatively short, Sc1 ending about opposite two-fifths the length of Rs;
m-cu

about

with

two

two-thirds

short

MALE.-Length
Rostrumdark
segments

its

lengthbefore

the

fork

of M;

male

hypopygium

rostralbrokenspines.
about
7.5 mm.;brown;(beforepalpi

8.1 x 1.8 mm.
wing
black.
Antennae
black,

breaking

it wasobserved

thethatterminal
theflagellar

entireorgan,

including the apical stems of all flagellar segments, was black); flagellar
segments relatively short-unipectinate; first flagellar segment produced
into

a broad

lobe

that

is about

one-halfthelengthofsegment;

succeeding[VOL.LIVNEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICALJOURNAL
SOCIETY

302
withsegments

branchtheseta

on outera

at base,facelittleshorter

than

the

the

segment,

glabrous

each flagellar segment with a single unusually long

apical stem elongate;

this

about

twice

the

segment.

Head

above

gray,

slightly impressed medially; anterior vertex obliterated for a considerable
extent, the eyes contiguous or virtually so.
Cervicalandsclerites
darkerbrown
brown;
pronotum
light
paler
medially,
on sides.
a
Mesonotalwithpruinosegrayprescutum
pruinose,chestnut
brown median
this in turn narrowly
more
stripe,darkened,

more

dark

especially on anterior portion; lateral borders darkened, the broad interspaces obscure yellow, the whole surface excepting the median stripe moreor less pruinose, especially conspicuous when viewed from above; scutal lobes
chestnut
still darker
extensively
brown,and scutellum
medianof scutum
regionof

portions

thelatterdarker;and lateral portions;
cephalic
testaceous
the lateralyellow,nar
the posterior
yellow,
marginon themoreparascutella

rowly more darkened; postnotum brown, pruinose. Pleura dark brown, graypruinose, with a narrow but conspicuous blackened longitudinal stripe extendingbase of

from

the

the

abdomen,

sides

of

the

passingpronotumabove
thefuscated, apex of knob obscure yellow.

acrossthedorsalroot

thehalteres.

oftopleurites
HalterestheinLegs with coxe chestnut brown, theposterioror
moretrochantersfemorapair
darker;yellow;
blackened,
less yellow;
all legs are detached
but one pair, presumablywithalmostthehas the femora
only
uniformly
darkened,

the
the

fore

legs,

bases

nar

remaining legs with femora chiefly yellow, with about therowly yellow;
distalfourthobscureblackened;theyellow,

assumedposteriorof all legs

ments

and whitish

includethree

or fourthearculus,ofof

the tibiceleg with
tibiaeremaining
darker,assumedfore

andbasitarsiof thetips blackened;
terminal
tarsalseg
uniformly
blackened;legs almost
as shown
blackened.
narrow,
unusuallyby the
Wings

brown

level

the

those

ground color pale brown, conspicuously variegated by darker

measurements;

fork

bases

or cream-coloredsubhyaline
in the costal
areas
field,
the one above
the origin

the darker markings
areas;
at and beyond
thethe largestof Rs small;fourthspot atnarrowbrown
the center
restrictedly
stigmadarkened,paler;
end of cell 1st M, and as small marginal
cord, outermarkings
along
BR and the anals;
the creamat ends of the longitudinal
especiallyveins,
in the costal
are spreadover muchareasof the wing,coloredespeciallyto beyondand pos
and at the wing
the actual
tip; axilla
apex
interspaces
Sc;

seams

teriortheprearcularfieldconspicuously
in theyellowcosta
andbrightenedareas,

patterned

whitened;pale markings,
the interspaces

veinsdarkerpale brown,
the latterincludingintheof Sc and R.
Venation:conspicuously
Sc relatively
two-fifths
of Rs,
about
the length
oppositeshort, Sce ending
twice R2+3; cell 1st M,
Sc2 at its tip; Rs
relatively
elongate,
long, nearly
about
two-thirds
its length
sectionof M1+2,; m-cu
nearlyequal to the distal
before

the

fork

of M.

Abdominal tergites brown, the basal segment brighter, the outer segments
somewhat

paler brown;withthehypopygium

sternites
tergiteyellow;
relatively

brownishMaleyellow.
hypopygiumthenarrowedlarge,
pos
outwardly,DEC., 1946]

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIES

303

terior margin convexly rounded or very shallowly emarginate medially.
Basistyle with ventromesal lobe of moderate size, provided with long palesetae. Dorsal dististyle very gently curved, the tip suddenly narrowed intoa long straight black spine. Ventral dististyle of moderate size fleshy, its
area about twice that of the basistyle; rostral prolongation relatively longand slender; rostral spines two, placed at near midlength, short, slightly
separated from one another; apex of prolongation beyond the outermost
spine nearly twice the length of the latter; apex of prolongation obliquelythetruncated,

lower

or

more

angle

less produced;

apex with

near

two

strongcurved yellow sete. Gonapophysis with mesal-apical lobe elongate, gently
curved, the tip blackened and subacute; lateral margin back from the apex
with

small

denticles.

Dutch Guiana,
altitude 400 meters,
I, Brownsberg,
Holotype,
is about 50 miles
16, 1938 (Geijskes).
September
Brownsberg
south of Paramaribo,
near the railroad line.

The most similar species is evidently Limonia
pallata.ngc
tinctively
body and(Rhipidia)

which has the wings much broader, dis(Alexander),in the coloration of theanddiffers further
patterned,
legs andof structurein the detailsof the malehypopygium.
Limonia
Size(Peripheroptera)

lobes;

11 mm.);
overcolorationofmale,generalonwiththemesoscutal
patterned
especially
black,and tibiae blackened;
rich
wings
tips of the femora

large

relatively
fulvousthorax(wing,

yellow,thelegs yellow,
the costal

lankesteri new species.

even morea conspicuous
the disk withsaturated,seams
the cord andthe outerveins;
along
includingthe second
and third
cell 1st M,
R, unusuallyelongate;long and narrow,of vein M,+2 subequalin length.
sectionsabout
7 mm.;
11.5 mm:
MALE.-Length
wing
yellow,dark brown

The

type

fourthpattern

is badly

crushedandthethoracic

black.
Antennaepalpi
to subcylindrical,
with

black

can becolorationindescribed

general terms only.
Rostrum
elongate-oval

andverticils

flagellar
throughout;that
theexceedsegments
segments.

Head silvery gray pruinose.
Thoraxon the scutal
lobes
with
black
fulvouschieflyyellow,
patterned
the wingroot andHalteresless evidently
darkenedelsewhere.
yelbrownishwithtrochanters
black.
the coxee infuscated;
low, knobs
Legs
obscureblack
femorathe tips broadly
and conspicuously
yellow;yellow,
above

ened,

the

amountonsubequal

all

legs;

tibiae more

obscuretheyellow,tips

more narrowly blackened; tarsi short, black. Wings with the ground color
rich
rowly
lows:

the costal
yellow,
but conspicuouslyAtthearculus,fourth
dark
color

more
brown;
continued

saturateda further
distadfulvousdark
in cellyellow;
brown
R

for

nar

wing-basepattern,nearlyasfol

one-third

304[VOL.LIVJOURNALNEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY

the length of vein M; a cloud over the interanal, crossvein; markings overSc2, free tip of Sc2, and a common cloud over B. and the surrounding mem
brane; cord and outer end of cell 1st M2 seamed with brown; certain of theveins beyond the cord, especially R4+5, distal sections of M,+2,,M and M,
similarly bordered; veins light brown, darker in the patterned areas, more
fulvous brown in the costal interspaces. Venation: Sc, at near mid-distance
between arculus and origin of Rs; free tip of Sc, transverse, far before
R2; vein Ri only a little shorter than the section of vein M,+2; cell 1st M1,
unusually long and narrow, the second and third sections of M1+, subequal;m-cu about one-third its length beyond the fork of M; cell 2nd A long andnarrow, the narrowest point about one-half that of the widest.
Abdomen with the tergites weakly bicolored, black, the caudal bordersof the segments obscure yellow; sternites more uniformly obscure brownish
yellow; hypopygium and preceding segment yellow, the ventral dististyleabruptly dark brown.

Holotype, a badly crushed J, Hacienda "Las Concavas," Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1360meters, May 19, 1945 (C.H. Lan
kester); picked from flowers of Cattleya Dowiana Batem. (Orchidaceve).
This

attractive

fly

for the collector,

is named

Mr.

C. H.

Lan

kester. The species is very different from the other regional
members of the subgenus so far described, including Limonia(Peripheroptera) atrosignata Alexander. The large size, colora
tion of the bodyand wings,

andthe venation,

as the unusuallylong vein R1 and cell 1st M2, provide strong characters.
Genus Ctenolimnophila Alexander
Ctenolimnophila (Ctenolimnophila) fuscoanalis new species.
Allied to decisa; general coloration of the entire body brownish black;
tarsi

very

about

only

short,

one-sixth

thelengthoftibiae;infuscated,wings

patterned with darker brown and pale yellow areas, the latter appearing as
in cell B4;

from beyond
the fork of Sc to the wing-tip
of cell 1st M, and elsewhere;
outer'end
the cord;a supernumeraryat ends of both anal veins;areasfour marginal
darkerspots
ous darkened

marks

over

in cell R3 near
fourths

its

into

the margin,conspicu
crossvein

about
three
cell 1st M, irregularlym-cu
elongate;end;
bothanal veins
curvedthe fork of M;
strongly
beyondnear
and weakly
to be angulated
2nd A tending
spurredouter

length

tip.
and

5.5-6

about

FEMALE.-Length
Rostrum

palpi

mm.;
Antennae

black.

wing
with

4.8-5

mm.

scape

and

black;

pedicelfirstflagellar segment yellow, remainder of flagellum pale brown; flagellar seg
ments
anterior

short-oval,
vertexthe outer(female)ones
broad,

a little
about

more
four

Head
elongate.
times the diameter

dark
of

brown;

scape.

DEC., 1946]

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIES

305

Thorax almost uniformly brownish black, the pronotal scutellum restrict
edly paler; upper portion of dorsopleural membrane slightly paler brown.
Halteres with stem obscure brownish yellow, knob blackened. Legs withcoxae dark brown; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellow, the outertarsal segments a little darker; tarsi very short, the basitarsi only about
one-half longer than the second segment, the entire tarsus only about one
sixth as long as the tibia; tibial spurs present. Wings with the groundinfuscated, patterned with darker brown and pale yellow or whitish areas,
the latter occurring as four marginal marks just beyond the fork of Sc, in
cell

in

R2

cell

2nd

1R anda very

small

area

apicalincell RB;thedarkermarkings include a postarcular area and spots at origin of Rs, cord, stigma,
forkof R2+3+4, tip of R1 and overthe supernumeraryin cell R,,
crossveinelements
cell 1st fM and spots at ends of both
tip of R4, both outerclosingin cell R before
anal veins;of Es and again
paler washes
slightly
originbeforethein base

cord;

of

cell

R1, mostofcell

1st M2

and

bases

of

cells

2nd M, and M3; prearcular field chiefly darkened; a restricted brightening
at the arculus; veins brown, Sc somewhat paler. Venation: Sc, ending
immediately before fork of Es, Sce at its tip; Es angulated and spurredatorigin;ain outercrossvein

supernumerary

end

of

cell

12;

cell

1st M,

irregularly elongate, basal section of MI, about three times m, the cell much
longer than any of the veins beyond it; m-cu about three-fourths to four
fifths its length beyond the fork of M; both anal veins curved strongly into
the margin, 2nd A tending to be angulated and weakly spurred near tip.
Abdomen brownish black, the outer segments, including the genital shield,
a little brighter. Ovipositor with the cerci elongate, dusky on proximal
half, the distal portion yellow, upcurved.

Holotype, O,Prata, Para, Brazil, June 30, 1919 (H. S. Parish);previously recorded (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1921:
62; 1921) as decisa. Paratype, 1 alcoholic female,Wilhelmina
Gebirgte, Dutch Guiana, lyn II, km. 5.7, along creek, September
15, 1943 (Geijskes).
tois alliedCtenolimnophila
fuscoanalis(Ctenolimnophila)
intheC. (C.) decisa (Alexander)
venation
yet is quite distinctof theof the wings,
and pattern
as described.
The shortness
is to be emphasized.

tarsi

Genus
Sigmatomera
Alliedblack,
femoraSigmatomera(Sigmatomera)

Osten

Sackengeijskesana new species.

colorationof thorax
to apicalis;
generalwiththe moresegments
proximalflagellar
yellow,each with

two

broad

brownishblack

fulvous-yellow;
the tips
lightrings,

oneantennayellow;
beforemidlength, the second being the slightly narrower apex; tibioe obscure yellow,
the

tips

darkened,tarsi

brownishblack;

wings

light

yellow,

with

three

306

JOURNAL NEW

entiredark

moreintenseline

duecrossbands,
in cells C
short

to theFEMALE.-Length

the

YORK

ENTOMOLOGICAL

one paler;band
inclusive;the various
along

spurs
about

band

apicalto M

17 mm.;

at

at

cord

veins

[VOL. LIVSOCIETY

andarculusbeyondin outirregular
the cord.

very

entering

13 mm.

wing

Rostrum and palpi obscure yellow, the terminal segment of the latter adarkertrifleandmore

slender.

Antennae

theblack,

extreme

apex

the

of

flagellar segments light yellow to produce a very weak bicolored effect; thepale color decreases on the outer segments, becoming obsolete on about theseventh to eighth flagellar segment; segments moderately incised on lower
face, the upper face nearly straight to very insensibly emarginate, the sig
moid effect thus being very slight. Head obscure yellow.
Prothorax and mesothorax almost uniformly fulvous yellow, the surface
nitidous; praescutum with the three fulvous stripes narrowly separated byyellow
interspaces;withthe coxce andscutallobes

fulvous.
Halteressimilarly
fulvousfemorayellow;yellow,trochanters

yellow.
Legs
each withtwo

broad conspicuous brownish black rings, the outer one being the broad
apex; second dark ring about one-third wider, before midlength of the seg
ment; tibiae obscure yellow, the tips darkened; tarsi brownish black. Wings
light yellow, handsomely patterned with brown, appearing chiefly as threedarkcrossbands;
the wing,
crossing
in the anal cells;

basal

at

band

darkestandin cells

beyondC to M,

the

level

inclusive,of arculus,
completelymuchpaler but wider
the wing,
its
traversing

band
at cord, completely
secondall ofbecauseof short seams
irregular
along
very
third bandthe cord;connected
tutingapical,paler
brown,
in the costal.portion
area by seams
and in the anal
field,
outline

the

veins

with

the

isolatingconstisecondalarge

yellow ground area beyond the cord; veins light yellow in the ground areas,indarkerslightly

the patternedfields.

Venation:Sc,

endingbeyondmidlength of ,R+3+4,the latter simple on one wing of type, angulated andspurred at near one-third the length on the opposite wing, Sc, exactly oppo
site

the

beyondsectionspur; basal
the fork of M.

Basallonger

than

r-m;

rn-cu

at

or

immediately

four abdominal tergites clear light yellow, the succeeding four

tergitlsofgroundtral stripe.
the dorsalof R,

sternites
coloredbut
the darksimilarly
chocolate-brown;
or less interrupted
cen
outer
more
segments
by a yellowish
at tip;
Genitalshield blackened,
cerci chestnut
yellowbrown,
trifid.
blackened;
apex of cercus
marginconspicuously

light
the

Holotype,

9, Paramaribo,

Dutch

Guiana,August30, 1940, atlight (Geijskes).
I take great pleasurein naming
this interesting
crane-fly forto whom we owe most of ourthe collector, Dr. D. C. Geijskes,
and to whom
recent knowledgeof the insect fauna of Surinam
I am personallyestingTipulidse.

indebtedThe

for the presentation
species

is mostsimilarof numerous

interto Sigmatomera

DEC., 1946]307

ALEXANDER:CRANE-FLIES(Sigmatomera) apicalis Alexander, still known only from British
Guiana, the two species differing conspicuously in the pattern
In apicalis, there are no basal black ringsof the legs and wings.
on the femora while the wing patternis quite distinct,
the basal
dark area not reaching the costa, the band at the cord narrow andin outline and the darkened apex not connected with tharea along the posterior margin.
Osten Sacken consideredthat the genus Furina Jaennicke wasthere cana synonym of Gnophomyia
Osten Sacken.
However,
regularcentralbe no question
ent complex
that Furina

Jaennicke
I herewith

Dumeril.
Furinathe presthat this group actually falls within
nameand would be the oldest
except for the factbut

Jaennicke.

umatomera,

the synonymy
1. Sigmatomera
Osten

2. Austrolimnobia

by the same name Furina
to replace
the name Eufurina

is preoccupied
proposeThere arebeing

Sacken,Alexander,

three

subgenericas follows:groupsin Sig

1869.
1922(syn. Astelobia

Edwards,

1923).
3. Eufurina

new

name

Furina Dumeril, 1853).

(syn. Furina

Jaennicke,

1867;

nec