Trial for the River Basin Water
Environment Management in Vietnam
A perspective from the Project Strengthening Capacity ofWater Environmental Management in River Basin

JICA Project team
30 th November 2016

1Water Resources shared among key sectors

Rate of average water demand of sectors on 9 mainriver basins (2010)

Rate of average water demand of sectors on 9 main river basins(2001)
Environment
9%
Aquiculture
12%

Agriculture
Industry

Domestic
4%

Domestic

Environment
15%
Aquiculture
10%

Agriculture
Industry
Domestic

Domestic3%

Aquiculture
Environment

Aquiculture
Industry
1%

Environment
Agriculture
74%

Industry
16%Source : UN Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting (UNCEEA)
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/ceea/pimeetings/AC-116-13.ppt

Agriculture
56%

Water shared among provinces in an inter-provincial river basin

Y province
Habitat/dom
estic
R province
Habitat/IndustryX province
Industrial
Zoneriver

Z province
Agriculture#Increasing need for water in each province and sector#Diversity of water utilization among provinces#Water deteriorated due to insufficient controlled
pollution from development activities# Reginal and Sectorial
coordination are required (Integrated
Water Resource Management)

3The History of Institutional development forWater Resource Management in Vietnam
Under the MARD
1998 Law on Water
Resource(LWR)
Under MARD
2003 Decision onDepartment of water
Resource at MARD
2004-2005
River Basin Organization
established2007 RBOs management
Moving from MARD toMONRE
2012 Draft Law on
irrigation by MARD

Under the MONRE
2002 MONRE established2003 Decision on Dep. ofwater Resource
Management at MONRE
2008 Decree to RBOs
under MONRE
2007-2008 3 river basin
environmental protection
committee establishedMONRE
2008 New Function andPower of MONRE (DWRM)

GNI per Capita(source : WB database)
1996-2000
1390
2001-20051560
2006-20101740
2011-2015
1890

2012 Approval of New Law on Water Resource withMONRE
2014 New Law on Environment Protection
Social development and Progress of River basin management
are inseparably linked

4Comparison on IWRM in Vietnam and Japan
IWRM Japanese CaseVietnam
Ministry of Health,
Labor andWelfare

Flood Control
MARD/MONR
E/MOIT
Water
Environment
Management
MONRE/VEA

 (Supply) Water
Works Law
Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure andTransportWaterUtilization
MARD/MOIT

2012 “The Law of Water ResourceManagement”#IWRM is managed by a lot of actors# Social agreement and it needs totake a long time for developing

Ministry ofEconomy,
Trade andIndustry
 Industrial
Water Law

River Law

 Sewerage Law
 (Dam management,Flood control, etc.)
Ministry of
Ministry ofAgriculture,
Environment
Forestry andFisheries•
Basic
Environment law
Forest Law•
Water pollution
 (AgriculturalControl law
water Under theriver Law

2014 “The Water Cycle of the basic law”

Difficulties of the coordination in Water
Environment Management in River Basin
Standard setting
X province(Habitat/Industry)Standard B*

Y province(Agriculture)
Standard A*

Inspection Activities and Data information
X province(Habitat/Industry) FactoryStandard B*

Y province
Agriculture(Standard A*)

Data information
sharing# Water environment managed by administrative boundary, e.g.
discharge zoning, inspection/check activities, information collection
and share# This difficulties are shown not only in this sector# Cause is based on social institution and solution can be applied 6*Note: Standard A is more severe than Standard B
and expanded.

Why JICA support Water Environment
Management Issue?
JICA implement projects in water environmental
sector as one of important priorities• Strengthening capacity for water environment
management (Technical Cooperation)• Developing the waste water treatment plant(Concessional loan)• Supporting water supply project (TC/Loan/Grant)
MONRE takes lead the water resource management• LWR 2012 and LEP 2014 which highlight thewater environment protection in river basins.
• River basin environmental protection committee
activities
7

Background Assessment & Stocktaking of Current
LandscapeReview and assess thelegal documents, policies
and strategies relating toRBWEM
National-level

RB-level

Build onprevious
reviews &assessments
related toRBWEM

Review activities/results
Identify needs/gaps of MONRE,RBEPC
concerning management and coordination ofRBWEM

State management
Inter-Provincialofcoordination
Provincial RBWEM
Needs for Policy
Progress/Effectivene-level
development
ss of relevant policies

Key findings from Preparatory Survey
Challenges/difficulties
Regulatory

Institutional

Resource

Needs/opportunities

WEMRB• Absence of legal documents forimplementation• Implementation LEP2014 Art.5255• Developing circular(Decree No.38/2015/ND-CP)(Decree No.03/2015/ND-CP)• Limited RBEPC’s function• Legal document defining functions
and tasks of DONRE for RBWEM• Defining institution in charge ofmanaging & coordination✔

• Limited knowledge and knowhow about RBWEM• Sensitization of RBWEM inmanagement & coordination• Road map to IWRM✔

• Post RBEPC construction• Coordination with Law on waterResources✔

8

MONRE

Strengthening environmental
regulations for effective
enforcement of LEP 2014

DONREs

Pilot Project Implementation#Scientific data analysis (Total pollution load
capacity in river basin)#Data information sharing system among provinces#Strengthening Capacity of DONREs
Proposing Road Map for River basin water environment
management in IWRM manner

Strengthening interprovincial coordination inriver basin

Project Framework

Project Target Province andarea

10

Proposed Road Map for River basin water
environment management in IWRM manner New mechanism which has more power and accountability
on water coordination in inter-provincial rivers is needed; Necessary capacity of individual stakeholders is also
important to succeeding a joint mechanism in regional
water coordination;
 Financial mechanism and responsibility should be an
integral part to ensure the success and sustainability ofinterprovincial water coordination.

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Thank you for your kind attention.

JICA Expert
Chief Advisor Ichiro Adachi