*r/
STUDIES ON THE TIPUTIDAE OF CHINA (IIIPTEBA)
lf. New or llttle-known Crane-fliesfrom southersternChina
By Cn.anr,rsp. Ar,nx.+xonn
I[ucsaehwsetts,SteteCollege, Amherst, M awu,cltwsetts,

SEPARAT}: rAOM

LTNGNAN SCIEI{CE JOUIINAL
Vor. 17, No. J, Jun' lgBS
llssuno Jur,v l, I9BS]

cANTON, CEn{A17, 36nE

lJ61

STUDIES ON THE TIPULIDAE OF CHINA (DIPTERA)
ff. New or little-known Crane-flies from southeastern China
By Cnlnr,ns P. Ar,nxexonnl'{assaehu,setts,Stote
C'ollege,AnJterst, JIctssaclt'usetts.
The lirst part undel this general title was publishecl in the.
Lingnan Science Journal, Vcl. 11:505-508,I{overnber 1932. In th':present instalment I wish to discuss sonle intelesting material
received through the continuecl frienclly interest of my fliencl,
Pr.ofessorWilliam E. Hoffnrann, delivecl f lom various sources but
chiefly from the Province of Kwangtung inclutling Hainan Islancl.
The types of the no'r'eltie-qhelewith clescribectale eventually to be
retrrrnetl to the Lingrran Natulal History Sun'e1-and lluseum, but
acting on the srrggestionof Plofessor Hoffmann, Director of theMuseum, I am retaining this material for the present, while returning the duplicate series to Canton. I wish to express my deep
thanks to Professor Hoffmann, Mr. Ernest R. Tinkham and 1\[r. F.
K. To, collectors of almost all of the species discussed. Our knowledge of distribution of the Tipulidae of the various provinces ofeastern China is still very incomplete and it is especially gratifying
to have available for study a collection of the irtrportattee of thepresent one.
'fipulinae
Ctenophora pselliophoroides n. sp. (fig. 1)
General coloration yellcrv, the tnesonotum variegated witn
brown; antennae (male) elongate,the branchesIong and slender,theouter pair about two-thircls the length of the basal pair; basal
branches with conspicuous spinous setae, adclitional to the erect'
vestiture ; wings yellow, pr ealcular, costal ancl stigmal legions
cleeper yellow; /ls long, about three times nt-ctt; cell JI, bloaclly
sessile; rnale hypopygiurn rvith the clististyle telminating in :L
slencler curved spine.
l.

Mate.-Length,

about 16 lnm. ; wing,

l3 llllll. ; antentla, about

6.2 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head recltlish, strirt't and stout; nasus
very broad, the apex subtruncate to feebly ernarginate; palpi withbasal segment yellowish-brown, remainder black. Antennae elongate;scape and pedicel yellow; axis of basal seven flagellar segments
yellow, especially on outer portion, the base more infuscated toblaekened, the outer segmentswith the axis uniformly blackened; allbranches black; flagellar branehes elongate, oo outer segments theouter pair about two-thirds as long as the basal pair; on second

338

Lhtgn.an ScienceJournal,,

r938

flagellar segment, outer branebes about one-half the basal ones;
blanchesclothed with coarse erect setae, the basal branches rvitlr.
additional stout yellow spinous setae,especially strong and conspicuous on branchesof secondflagellar segmentwhele they total sevenol eighf, in number, scatteredover the whole length of the blauch;on outer segments,thesespineslonger and more blistle-like but stillv€:rf conspicuous. Head reddish, the anterior vertex with a bloa.d
lilack trarrsverseband corrnectingthe eyesbehind the arrterrnalfossae'
head rvith coarseblack setae.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal praescutum obscure yellorv rvith
thlee more brownish stripes that are rather poorly clefined;sctrturnobscureyellow, each lobe with an oblique line, convelging behindto
scutellum, the lateral depressedareas of scutal lobes blackenecl;
scutellumdull black; mediotergite yellow, with a median brown
triangle, the point directed cephalad. Pleura yellow, the anepister'riurn darker ; pleurotergite yellow, with a brown spot on posteriorbolder. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs
reddish-yellow,the outer tarsal segmentsblackened. Wings (fis. 1)
yellorv, prearcular field and cells (! and ,tc, especiallythe latter,
deeperyellow; stigma deep yellow, the posterior border clarker;
veins dark brown. Venation: .Bs long, apploximatel.r'thlee tirnes'ni,-clc
ancl longer than the distal sectionof vein I{,n,; cell J/, Il'oaclllsessile.
Abciominal tergites recldish-yellow,the rnore basal segurents
rrarlowly ringed with blackish; interrnediatetelgites with a heav.yvestiture of yellow setae; hypopygium large, recldish,the tergal lobes
black. Hypopygium of the dried type with the tergite massive,thela,rge lateral lobes separated by a very deep and nal'l'ow medianincision. Dististyle reddish,the dorsal end terminating in a slencter
culvecl spine jutting into the tergal notch. From the apex of the
jut caudad conspicuousyellow lobes fringecl rvith longbasist,r'leI'ellorv hairs that appeal' to be microscopicalll'r'ougbedor leebly
branchecl,the lobes irregularly bilobed, the lorver or mesal lobe
directed mesad.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
E_olctgpe,6 , Keung Tin Heung, Lien District, July tB-14,t9B4(F. K. To).
I prefer to place the present fly in Ctenophora rather than in
I'sc'llioph,orabeeauseof the great length of Rs and the rnarkedly
rtnequal flagellar branches. However, in the long antennae a.ud theslendernessof the branches, the fly strongly suggests species ofP.sellioplt,ora,
whencethe specificname. The most similar speciesis
the Japanese CtenoTthora septentrional,is(Alexander) rvhich lacks
the modified spines on the basal flagellar branches ancl has a very
different hypopygium.

17, 3

Alerancler: 7'i,pulid,aeol China

339

2. Pselliophora ardens (Wiedernann)1821. Ctenophoraardens Wiedemann,Dipt. exot. | :20.

Fpmale, Hainan Island, Tai-pin-ts'uen, Lam-ka-heung, Lai-moling (mountain range), Kiung-shan District, April 28-30,1935 (F.
K. To).
Female, KwangtutrB, Shek Pik, Lan-tau Island, Dear Hong
Kong, August 12, 1934(Y. W. Djou).
from authentic Javan rnaterial.
I carrnotseparatethesespe,cimens
3. Pselliophora bifasciipennis Brunetti
1911. Pselliophora bilaseiipennis Brunetti, Rec. Indian Mtts. 6 :211'242.
f916. Pseltiophora sackeniEdwards, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)18:257.
1916. Dictenidia Horikuwa Matsuttrura, Thousand Ins. Japan, Add. 2'
449-450.
1921. Pselliophora contpta Enclerlein, Zctol. Anzeig. 52 :220'Dl'

Kn'excrr:Nc : \Vui Tung, July 2i, 1933(M. H. Cheng; Cheng}Ie1 Hao), male. Hopam Islancl, P',an-yuDistrict' canton, september 27, 1931(W. E. Hoffmatrn), female.
4. Pselliophora sternoloba n. sp. (fig. 2, 6)
General coloration orange; antennae yellow, the terrninal threesegmentsand all branchesblack ; halteres yellow, -the knobs weakly
dJrkenecl; femora yellow, the tips weakly darkened; posterior tib-iae
with about the basal thircl yellowish-white,the remaiucler clarker
area, lying
I'ellow; wings yellow v'ith a rirajor dark brorvn subapical"hi.fl-u'i,. o,,t.t. r.aclialfielrl; basal abtlorninal tergites with caudaibc,rclersnat't'orvl.r'blackenetl: lnale hypopygiurn rvith the eighthsternite procluceclinto a conspicuousprow-shapedmedian lobe, theouter portion denselyclotheclwith short black setae.
f,tale.-Length, about 17 mm. ; wing, 15 mm. ; antenna, about 7
mm.
Froltal prolongation of head, with the nasus,uniformly yellow;
palpi with basal thlee segmentsyellow, the terminal segment clarli
Lroo1. Antennae long; main axis cf basal ten segmetrts1-ellou',theouter segmentsancl all branches black; branches elongate, withdelicate erect white setae. Head orange.
Thoracic dorsurn lniformly orange; praesctttumglabrous; outer
pc,rtions of scutum, lateracl of lobes ancl cephalad of par:lseutellawith a densebrush of brownish-1'ellowsetae; a more sparsegroup on
lateral portion of scutal lobes above the wing-root; scutellum withstraggly long yellow setae; rnediotergitewith a group of yellow setaeon either side. Pleura yellow, glabrous. Halteres yellow, the knobs
weakly darkened. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow ;femora yellow, the tips weakly darkened; tibiae brownish-yellow,
the tips darker; tarsi passing into dark brown ; posterior tibiae rvith

340

Lingnan, S cienceJ ou';'nal,

1938

about the basal thircl yellowish-white, the remailrder da.rker yellow.
\\rings (fiS. 2) yellow, the prearcular ancl costal portions moresaturated ; a conspicuoussubapical brown areA in outer radial field,
occupying more than the basal half of cells .B, and & and adjoining
portions of cells Rr, lsl II " a.nd fI, together with thc contiguous
strgma; axilla infuscatecl;v:ins brown, 5'ellorvin the more saturated
Jlavous portions. Venation : frs arcuatecl, a little longel thanl?t-cLt,;
cell trI, narrorvly sessile; cell 7.*t Jf , pointed at outer end.
Abdome'n orange, the caudal borders of tergites one to three,lttclusive, narrowly blackenecl;subtelminal sternites rnore ol lessblackened; hypopygium orange. Male hypopygium (fis. o) with theeighth sternite projeeting in a long prcu'-shapedor boat-shapeci
lobe,tire outer portion densely set rvith short lrlaek setae; ventral srrr.faceof lobe with pale membrane, the apex brc,aclly obtuse arrcl feebly
rrotcirecl;on the more basal and lateral portions, the ietae are longel.,

6

Fig. l, Ctenophorapacltriophoroidcan. sp., venation; flg. 2, Ptctlbphor.o etnnobbo n.
sp., venation;ffg. S,P.furcblimbatu D.tp., venotion;flg.4, P.iubil,ata D. !p., venrtioni fig. 5,
Tir;ulu (Oreomyzulctrinitu D. sp., venatioui flg. 6, ?ulliophoru-ilnnoloba n. ap., nale hypopy'
giunr, lateral aepect.

gclden-yellow. Ninth segment short-eylindrieal, tilted at an angle
to remairrder of abdonren.l.Iinth tergite extensive,heavily blaekened,
the median portion profoundly incised, the margins polished,glabrous. What appears to represent the rnesal edge of t'he dististylejuts caudad and dorsacl from the genital ehamber as an acute blackspine, the bases close togther, the tips divergent ; remainder ofdi;stistyle appearing as obtuse rounded lobes, with dense brushes ofgolden yellow setae.

17, 3

Atreaand,er:
Tipulid,aeol China

34t

H.ab. China (Eainan Island).
Holotype, 6 , Tai-pin-ts'uen, Lam-ka-heung,Lai-mo-ling (mountain range), Kiung-shan District, April zz-go,19Bb(F. K. To).
Psellioltlr,orastentoloba is most nearly related to the JapaneseP. 11uleatu Alcxander, which has the eighth sternite somewhat
srrnilarl;' producr:c[but is otherwisequite dist,inct. This conditionof the sternite representsthe maximum production of the segrnentso
fal discoveredin the genus.
b. Pselliophora fuscolimbata n. sp. (fiS. 3)
General :oloration velvet.v-L-,lacli;abclor-ninalsegmentstrvo :rnclthree, with parts of four, reddish-orange;halteresarrcllegs black,ableast the posterior tibiae with rvhite subbasairings; wings rreakly
darkened,all veins and the outer trorder conspicuouslyrnarginedwith darker brown.
I"etrrrtle.-I-cr-rgth. allotrt 23 mm. I rving, 16 mm.

Froutal pr.olongation of head short, black; nasus elongate;
palpi black. Antennae with scape and pedicel black; flagellum
broken Head dull velvety black.
Thorax uniformly dull velvety trlack; setaeof praescutal interspacessmall and sparse. Halteres black throughout. Legs black;olJly a single leg (posterior) remains,this with r rnr,r.orv,rlirty rvhite
tibial ring about its own wiclth be;-onc[base. Win gs (fig. jl withtue grotrird-colol
weakly clarkenell,all veinsu'ith llLoacl,corrslricuous,
dalkel bt'owttseams,least rlistinct on vein Jntl A; apical border of
u-irrgsiruilar'|1mat'girretlrvith blos'n; cells ,5'c,Cur-and the small
narrow stigrua dalk-er brorrnI veins pale brow.n. Venation : R,
perpendicular or even directed slightly basad; vein R, in stigmal
alea deflected strongly towarcl costa; vein R, shorter and lessextendedthan in pre,ficq,or its subspeciesfenestrella,. cell .4y',shortpetiolate.
Abclornenwith basal tergite velvety blaek: tergites two andthree, together with basal and apical rings of tergite four', r'ecldishcrange; the corresponding sternites similarly colored, except thedarkened posterior border of sternite four I remainder of abdomen,
including genital shield, velvety black.
Hab. China (Ilainan Island).
HolotyTte, 9, Tai-pin-ts'uen, Lam-ka-heung,Lai-mo-ling (mountain range), Kiung-shan District, April 16-19,ig3b (F. K. To).
The present fly has the wing-pattern almost exactly like that ofPselliophora pre/ica fenestrella Alexander, of the island of Samar,
Philippines. The latter fly difiers conspicuously in the uniform
blaek eolor of the body. As is the case in several allied forms, it isvirtually certain that the wing-pattern of the male of the present fly

Lingnart, Science Journal,,

342

1938

will be founcl to differ from the female in being more uniforrnly
darkened, though plesurnably the centers of at least sorneof the cells
will be found to be pale.
G. Pselliophora Jubilata n. sp. (fiS. 4)
General coloration black, only the second and third abdominalse.gmentsrestrictedly orange; wings brown, the prearcular and costal
r.gio.r. darker brown; a broken white crossbandbefore cord; other
o'hiti.h areas before cord, including the broad axilla; basal sectionof vein tr[ n long.
Female.-Lertgth, about 19 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head black; nasus stout; paipi black.
Antennae with scape and pedicel black; flagellum broken- Heacl
black
Thorax uniformly black, the surface opaque; setaeof praescutalinterspaces very sparse arrcl srnall, those of scutellum long andcc,nspicuous. Halteres black. Legs black; tibiae with a' narrow
rvhite subbasalring, slightly wider on the tibiae than on the miclclle;
posterior legs brokel. Wings (fig. 4) rvith the grould-color blorvn'
itt. prurr"olu" ancl costal regions, with the stigma, darker bt'orvn;& broken whitish crossband before cord, inclucling separate areas
before stigma in cells ,R and /?,, in outer end of cell i/ anct a srnaller
inclucling nearly the basaiar.ea in cell Cu; axilla broacliy rn'hitenect,
half of cell ena A and the restricted adjacent portions of cells Cw
and. lst A ; a small spot in cells R and Jy' beyond arculus; a whitearea in cell lst A near vein ?nd, A; centers of cclls R, to ?n'd A,
inclusive, together with cells n and J[, slightly paler than their
margins,' this presumably a character of the female sex only : veinsbrown, .l?spale yellow where traversing the cliscal band. Venation :n" relativeiy long, consiclerably exceecling.P.s,'?'-tn short: cell ^11'
narrowly sessile;basal section of J/. long; cell JI, relatively long,naruower at margin than at base.
Abdomen dull velvet black, segments two and three chiefly
orange; outer segmentsv'ith eoarse erect setae on median portion
near margin ; genital shield black.
Hab.

China (Kwangtung).

Holotype, g, Yam Na Shan, about 50 li SE-E. of Ping Chuetr,
l\[ei District, September13-18,1933(F. K. To).
P.sell,iophorajubilata is allied to P. hoppo Matsumula. tlifferingin the coloration of the body and wings, with the whitish color of
the latter restricted to the cells basad of the corcl. The pale n'ingmarkings are definitely white, not light yellow as in P. bifasciipenr,elsBruqetti.

17, 3i.

Aleoand,er:Tipulid,ae ol China

343

Tipula (Yamatotipula) nova Walker
1848. f ipula nooa Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus |:71.

Wide-spreadin eastern and southern Asia.
Kw^r,NcruNG: White Cloud Mt., Oanton, Mar:ch lg, lgBB,April
22, 1934(E. R. Tinkham), Muy 2L, 19BB(Y. T. Feng). Shiu-chow,
K'uh-kiang District, March 26, tgBB(T. Y. chur:). Ting wu shan,
Kao-yao District, April 6-7,r9g4 (E. 11.Tinkharn). Honam Islanfl,
Canton, P'an-yu District, April 8, t9B6 (E. R. Tinkham).
Furrn..r: Ycn-pins, Nan-ping District, June, July lgBB (o. o-Nsu).

8. Tipula (Oreomy?,L)clinata n. sp. (fiS. b)
Allied to ariscmerr,s','s;
mesonoturn dark, sparsely pruinoseI
praescutum with three reddish-brownstripes; outer flagellar segments uniformly darkcned: halteres cla.rk; femora obscureyellow,
the tips ttitt't'ou'I1'clalk blori'n; u-ings blorvn, l'ariegaterl with cream,r.ellowal'eas, including an incornplete bancl beyond stigma i E,*,
errtire; m-(tt at lleal tu'o-thircls the length of Jf "+n; ub.lo-inal
tergites brownish-black, the caudal-lateral margins paler; genital
segrnent black.
Female.-Length,al-rout 1l mm. ; wing, l0.b inm.

Frontal prolongation of heacl brown, darker beneath; nasls
distinct; palpi brou'nish-black. Antennae with scape apd'eclicelobscure yellow ; basal flagellar segments brorvnish-;'ellog-, outersesurents uniformly clalk brotvrt to blorvnish-black. Heacl clark
llt'orvttitr central portion, t,ariegated neal. orbits rvith obselre)-ellow.
Pronotum graY, variegated *'ith blorvn. ]lesonotal pr.aescutum
wit! the ground-color clark, rveakll- pr.uinose, with ihr.. dark
recidish-brown stripes: po,sterior' .scleriles of lotum brow1, th*_sttrface sparsely prttitrose. PIeura brown, the dorsopleural regionm o l ' e o l l s e u r ey e l l o r v ; l t l e u l o t e r g i t e h e a v i l ; g r a y p r u i n o s e o l t v e n t r a lplotubel'ance. Halteres clark brorvn, the Uur. of stem restrictedly
1'ellor*'. -Legs u-ith the coxae blownish-gray; trochanters obscur.e.
yellor*-: femora obscure yellow, th_etips nur"o*iy dark br.own tibiae;
obscure yellow_,the tips darkened ; tarsi blaek. wings (fis. rl u.ith
the- ground-color-brown, conspicuously variegated by snall creamare_as'including an incomplele band- nevor,il stigrna;
5'ellow.
paie-uniformly
spots in all major cells basad of cord; cells C an4 ,S.
brownish-yellow ; bases of eells n anC lrt darkenlcl, follou.ed
bij "Iarge common pale area; centers of outer medial celis lessclistinctty
pa le ; veins brown. Yenation : Er+, entire, withsparse trichia ;eell .r[, deep ; rn-eu some distanee be]ore forl of. if"rnso the second
seetion of this vein is about one-third to two-fifths thebasal section.
Abdominal tergites chiefly dark brown or brownish-black,thebasal segment paler ; caudo-laieral borders of tergites
broaafy-plf .";u4

Li ngnan, Seience J ournal,

r938

sternites brown; genital segment black. Cerci rolatively slencler,ma rgins smooth.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
Holotllpe, 9, Loh Fau Shan, Wa Shau T'oi, altitude 800 feet,
August 15, 1933(E. R. Tinkham).
(Oreomyza) elirnta is similar and apparently ailied toL'i1-tr.rla
L'. (O.) arisanensis Edwards, of the higher mountains of l'ormosa.
The general appearance and venation, especially the position of
rn-cu, is characteristic of a small group of Oreomgza in Eastern
Asia. The plesent fly is rvell-distinguishedfrom other srnall speciesof this group by the details of venation and by the mol'e valiegatedwing-pattern.
9.

Nephrotoma sinensis (Edwards)

1916. Pachyrrhina sinensisEdwalds, Ann
268-%9.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 18 :Widely-distributed in China.
: Honam Island, Canton, P'urr-yo Distriet, May
Kw.l.NcrtTNG
28, 1934(K. C. Yeung), Muy 4, 1932(Ohung Hang), May 14, 1934
(E. R. Tinkham).
Cylindrotominae
10. Stibadoeerella omeiensis Alexancler
1936. Stibad,ocerellaomeiensisAlexander, Phil. Jour. Sci. tiO:335-336.

Described from Mount Omei, Szechwan,western China.
Orre somewhat teneral male that cannot be differentiated fromthe type.
-July Loh Fau Shan, Ku'angtungr Big Pool, altitude about 2800
22, 19Bb(E,. R. Tinkham). This is the fir:st recorcl of a'feet,member of this genus from southeasternChina.
Limoniinae
11. Limonia (Libnotes) lantauensis n. sp. (fig. 7)
Belongs to the lorcipatu group; general coloration of thorax
reddish-brown, the pronotum and cephalic end of praescutum
narrowly blackened; basal flagellar segmentsyellow, remainder ofantennal dark ; knobs of halteresdark; legs dark brown, the femoral
bases yellow; wings- yellow; the base and prearcular region liBht
yellow, the veins conspicuously seamed with brorvn; fts gently
arcuated, exceeding twice the basal section of Rl+si nx-ctt'close tofork of M; male hypopygium with the tergite deeply notched
medially; rostral spines very unequal; mesal apical lobes of gona:
pophyses long and slender.
Male.-Length, about 5.5 mm. ; wing, 6.5 mm.
Temale.-Length, about 7-7.5 mm.; wing, 6.51 mm.

L7,3

Al eutnder :'l'i pul itl.ue ol L!hi na

345

Rostlum black, sparsely pruinose; palpi black. Antennae withscape clalk brown; pedicel brown ; basal flagellar segmentsyellorv,
the outer seglnentspassing into brown; flagellal segmentsoval, withloug verticils. Head dark brown, sparsely pruinose; anterior veltex
reduceclto a linear light gray strip that is less than trvice thecliarneterof a single row of ommatidia.
Pronotum narrowly brownish-black above, rnore reddish on sides.
Mesonoturn redclish-brorvn, the praescuturn with ill-defined mol'e
reddish stripes, the cephalic portiorr of the median stripe cleepening
to black. Pleula reddish-blown. Haiteles with stem obscule yellow,
the knobs infuscated. Legs with the coxae and tlochanters reddishblown; rernaincler of legs clark blown, the fernoral bases obscure;-ellow. Wings (frg. 7) with the grouncl-color',r'ellorv,the plealculal
fielcl arrcl costal borcler clear light yelkrrv; a lelatively conspicuousb t ' o w n l l a t t e l r r , a s f o l l o w s: s u l l c i l c u i a r s t i g r n a ; l l a l l o w b u t e o n s p i c t i o u s s e a n r sa l o n g v e i n s 1 / " , c o l r l , a l l l o n g i t u d i n a l v e i n s i r e y o n d
cot'tl, ti;'r of 1.sl'l arrtl all l-rutbasal poltion of gnrl A; cell (!u,,lretu'eerrthe branches of ('u, even rnore broadly and conspicuously
dalkened; rviug-tip narrowlf infurned; veins yellow, darker in theirrfuscated portions. Yenation : ,9e long, J., ending beyond the forkof ll.s, ,Se" some distance from its tip; .B.srelatively loug, gently
arcuatecl, exceeclingtwice the basal section of Re+s;free tip of ,5'",
ancl Il" in transverse alignment; cell lst II, r'ectangular, a little
Ionger than vein J1, beyoncl it; rtt-eujust beyond fork <tf .71,longer
tlrarr the rlistal sectionof ('u,i Anal veins rlivelgent.
A b t l o u r e no b s c t t t ' e1 - e l l o n ' ( ) l ' b t ' o r v n i - * l r - J ' e l l os ut e' ,l n i t e s r n o l e o l 'l e s s t l a t ' k e n e d; t ' e s t l i c t e r l t l a rk l a t e l a l s p o t s a t t h e i n c i s u r e s;
h.r'popygiuur ;-ellow. IIale h-r'popl'ginm rvith the telgite deepiy
notched metlially; apex of each lobe rvith about three very strong
setae; shorter additional setae, chiefly along the caudal rnargin.
Basistyle smaller than the ventral dististyle. Rostral spirres vely
unequal in size, the outer about one-half longer than the inner anrltnuch stouter; a group of small setae on faca of style neal' base of
the prolongation. Gonapophyses with mesal-apical lobe long ancl
sltrrcler,the apex blackenecl. Cerci slencler,tips simple.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
Holotype, ?, Lan-tau fsland, near Hong Kong, August 7-g,
1934 (w. E. Hoffmann). Allotoporype, a broken d , with type.
Paratopotype, I , Tung Chung, Lan-tau Islancl, August 7, tg34 (Y.
W. Djou).
B_y Bclwards's key to the speciesof Libnotes (Jour. Fed. Marlay
st. Mus. 14:74-Bo,l9z8). the present fly runs io Limonia (r,ibnotes\
indica (Brunetti). The speeies is quite distinct from indiea, foreiqnla (de Meijere) or from any of the numerous speciesmore receutl54
defined.

346

Lingna'n SeienceJ ourn,al1938

Lz. Nipponomyir kulingensis Alexander
L937. Nipponomgia kulingensrs Alexander, Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise,
Musee Heude, Shanghai, vol 4, fasc. 5 : 73-74.

The type, a female, was from Kuling, collected August 18, 1935tbX'the ReverendMr. Octave Piel. One broken specimenof uncertain
sex in the present series is from this same locality, July 23-26,19-13{Y. W. Djou).
13. Pseudolimnophila inconcussa (Alexander)
1913. Limnophila inconcuEsaAlexander, Can. Ent. 45: 313-314.

Wide-spreadin easternAsia. KwlNcruNG: Wui-tung, Lingnan
Dist,rict, March g-12,
Agricultural Bxperimelrt Station, C.fhung-shan
1935(H. Fung).
!4. Hexatoma (Eriocera) toi n. sp. (fig. 8)

tsig. 7, Limonia (Libnotee) lantauensie n. 8p., venation; fig. 8, ffe_ratorta(Erioceral toi
D. Bp., venadion;flg.9, fi, (8.> longiradial,ir n. s[., r'enation; fig. lu, II. (8.)acalator n.-8P.'
venalibn; flg. Il,-II.-1n.1Unman'd n. sp., venation; ffg. 12, II, (8.) hofmnmi n. eP., venationi
D.sp., venation;flg. 14, E, (8.)btfenedratd tl. 8p.' r'enation.
flg. 13, H.(8,) monol,cucu

17, 3

Ale.uander: f ipu,litlue ol (Jh,ittcc

3,17

General coloration Brayr the praescutumwith three subnitidous
black stripes; halteres and legs black; wings brown ; costal borderdarker brown ; stigma very small, dark brown ; macrotrichia oo
outer longitudinal veinsj R, shortly before fork of .I?,+.
; cell 7st M trectangular, subequalin length to vein J/, beyond it.
Fem,ale.-Length, about 13 mm.; wing, 10.2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with scafle ancl pedicel
black; flagellurn broken. Head dull gray; vertical tubercle bifid atsummit.
Mesonotalpraescutumgrayr with three subnitidousblack stripes;
posterior scleritesof notum gray, the scutal lobesa little clarkened.
ruesonotalsetaerelatively long lnd conspicuousbut sparse. Pleur.i
dark, gray pruinose.Halteres black. Legs black throughout. Wings(fis. 8) with a brown tinge, cells U ancl ,\c, with the anterior
pl earcular field, clarkerblown; stigma ver')'small, oval, still darker.
browtt, appearil)g as a sealnon vein //, befole the union of ftlr; sorreof -th'r longituclinal veins nart'orvly arrcl insensibly border.ed byciarker; veitrs blorvn, those of outer rnedial fielcl paler. Triehia ot
costal fringe abundant I numerous tlichia on outer radial veins ancl
on anterior branch of M, lacking on the rnore poster.ior veins.
Verration : Be a little longer than R ; Err,+n longer than R, i R,
slrortly before fork of ll"+n; cell lst JI, rectangular, subequal to vein
J/' beyond it ; ?n-cuat near one-fifth the length of cell l.*t J1,, longer
tlran ?n-eu.
Abdomen black, the surface subnitidous; genital shielcl abr.uptly
ol'ange; ovipositor with very long slencler.cer.ei.
Hab. China (Hainan Island).
Holotype, ?, Sarn-krvottg-ts'rreu,
Lanr-u-an-tung (l,oi territory),
K i u n g - s h a n D i s t r i e t , A u g u s t 5 - 6 , 1 9 3 5( f . K . T o ) .
I take pleasule in namiug this distinct fly in honor of thecollector', llr'. F. K. To, who was largely instrumental in building
up the seriesof Tipulidae discussedat this time. By Edwards's key
to the Olcl \\-orld spcciesof Erioeera (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)8:70-78, 1921)the present fly runs to Heratonta (Erioeeru) nigrin,r,(Riedel) of Formosa, which differs in the larger size, coloration c:f
the body and wings, and in the details of venation, as the positionof R" beyond the fork of Br1r1. and the broacler cell 1st JI ".
15. Hexatoma (Eriocera) Iongiradialis n. sp. (fiS. 9)

Mesonotalpraescutumwith the grouncl-color dull gray, withfour polished blue-black stripes that are narlowly bordered byvelvety black; scul,allobes sirnilarly cololed; antennae (female) 1t-

segmerlted,black to brownish-black; halteres and legs black; wings
strongly tinged with reddish-brown; rnacrotrichia on outer radiaiveins; ?.s' long, exceeding twice the length of E ; Rr*, and ,i?.+"*nsubequal in length ; eell, lI, present i m-eu ab or beyoncl midtengthL i n g n a n , S c i e n e eI o u r n a l

348

1938

of lower face of celI lst JI ,; abtlomen black, the entilc surf ace'polishecl black or llacreous, without opaque bands; genital segment
opaque orange.
I'enrule.-Length, about 20 nlrn. ; wing, 13 mm.
Ilbstrum and palpi black. Antennae (fernale) 1l-segmented;
seape black, pedicel and flagellum brownish-black; fir'st flagellar
segment a little shorter than the succeedingtwo combined; fifth andsueeeeclingflagellar sr:gnrentsshorter'. I{eacl dark gray, with lonpl
erect black setae; vertical tubercle conspicuous, simple.
Pronotum dark gray. Mesonotal praescutum with the groundcolor dull gray, with four polished blue-black stlipes that are
rrarrolvly bolclered by velvety black; setae of praescutal intelspaees
relatively short; scutal lotres polished blue-black; scutelltun antl
pc,stnotum black, sparsely pruinose, rvith couspicuotts black setae.
Pleura dull black, sparsely pruinose. Halteres short, black throughout. Leg* black. Wings (fig. 9) stronsly tinged with reddish-brown,
cell ,tc, especially in prearcular field, light yellow; cell C'u slightly
infumed, espeeially on bnsal portion; veins brorvnish-yellorv to;'ellow. Coptal setae arbundant; macrotrichia on outer radial veins,on outer rnedial veirrs sparse ancl r'estlicted to ottter sectiortsol'r'einstV, and JI". Venation: //.s long, exceeclirrgtu'ice the lertgth of Il,
on one wing (as figured) slightly lotrgel tharr on the otltt't': Ilr+'subequal to Rrr'u,ait'-nLvariatrle, florn obliqtre (as figuletl) to shot'ter
a n c l t r a n s v c r s e ; e e l l . V , p r e - s e n t ; n t - ( ' u a t o l ' l r e , r - o n dr u i t l l e n g t h o flower face of cell lst JI r.
Abdornen relatively long, black, the entire surface polished,u ithout opaque bands. Genital shield opaque orange.
Hub.

French Indo-China (WNW. Tonkin).

Holcttype, ? L'aokay, August 12-13,1934 (E. R. Tirrkhanr).
By Etlwat'cls'ske.\' to the Old lVolld speciesof Eriorerrr (1.c.),the p,resent fly l'uns to cr-ruplet 35, u'hele it rlisagrees rvith botha,lternatives in the unifolurly polishecl ol' nacleous alrdomen.
Otherwise the species l'uns to H euttrtnnL (E rioceru) lygropi.s(Alexander), of Formosa, an entirely different fly.
16. Hexatoma (Eriocera) rufipennis (Alexander')1925. Eriocero rufipennisAlexander,Encycl. Ent., Diptera, 2 : 87-88.
The type, a unique male, was from Canton.
Allotype, ?, White Cloucl l\fountain, Canton, P'an-ytr I)istrict,Jnrre 11, 1933 (8. Il. T'inkham).
I'entule.-Length,

about 24 lnm.; wing, lG lnln.

Charactels as in rnale, rliffering as follorvs: A.rrtennae(female)l2-segmented,brown. Vertical tubercle conspicuous, entire. Praescutal stripes and scutal lobes shining black rathel than blue-black;l7r 3319

AIera nier :'1''iltul itkte ol C'hinrt

setae of intelspaces moderately long. Venation: Rr+"+nsomewhat
shc''rtel than in the type but the proportious existing between R"+"+.'and the basal section of .I/, about the same; )Ia, in alignment with
tr[", )[, arched at origin; cell l.st J[" shorter than in the type.
Abdomen elongate, black, the cauclal margins of the segments mole
black than thc more polished blue-black basal rings; genital
6rpo.eu€
shield orange I cerci elongate.
17. Hexatoma (Eriocera) kelloggi Alexander
1932. Heuatoma(Eriocera) kelloggi Alexander, Phil.

Jour.

Sci. 49 :r23-r24.
The type was froru Foochow, Fukien Province. Additional
specimens lepresenting both sexes. Kw.lNcrUNG: Lung Pirtg Hui,
Lien District, May 15, 1934 (F. K. To). Yuet Loi Hui, about 40 li
I{W. of Ping Chuen, }Iei District, July 19-29, 1933 (F. K. To).
Yarn Na Shan, about 50 li SE-E. of Ping Chuen, Mei District,liepternl-rei'l-5, 1933 ( F. K. To). Canton, White Cloud Mountain,
P'an-yu District, Moy 29, 1934,June 11, 1933 (E. R. Tinkharn).
Fui<rnN: Kuliang Mountain, Foochow, lVlin-how District, July
6-29, 1932 (S. B. Tang).
These specimens are sornewhat larger than the type (JIttle.Lerrgth, 19-20 mm. I wing, 17-17.5mm. f'enutle.--Length, about 2t
rnrn.; wing, 18 rnrn.). Genital shield (fernale) orar)qe.
The relation of kelloggi to the eat'liel tle-*clibecl IIeratonr.o,(ll ri.oceru) ntuit'i Alexarrcler' (I'r'oc. Hau'aiiarr Ent. Soc. 5 : 255,
1 1 i 2 3 ) f, l o t n I l a c a o , i s s t i l l u r r c e l t a i n . \ \ ' h i l e g e n e l a l l y s i m i l a r i r rnlan; t'espects,the yellorv clossbantl orr the u'ing of muir,i is muchu,ol'e distinct arrtl n ell-clelirniteclby the stlongly dalkened basal halfof the wing. Both species have the legs ancl abdomen uniformly
blackened, thus diffcrentiating them from the other large regional
speciesof the nlesop'!Jt'rhagroup, as pr"aelata Alexander, It!/?'t'hopygu
A lexander and posticatu Alexander.

13. Heratoma (Eriocera) scalator n. sp. (fig. 10)
General coloration velvety black; centel of veltex reridish;scutellum orange; abdomcn conspicuously clilated, tergites two tt-r
six, inclusive, with broad transverse olange llantls : antennae,
halteres and legs blaek throughout; rvings bloarl, blackish: eell -ll,larcking, nl-eu at fork of. )[.
I'entale.-Length, about 22 rnrn.; $;ing, l8 rnrn.; antennae, about,
4.4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae (female) 1l-segrnented,
l-rlack throughout; fir'st flagellal segnrent a little shorter than thesttceeeding two cornbinetl; outel segrnents graclually clecreasing inlength and diameter'; telrrrinal trvo segrnentssubequal. Head blaek,
tbe central region of the posterior vertex extensively dull recldish;350

Lingnan Sr:iutceJournal1938

vertical tubercle trilobecl, the mediarr lobe lying a little rnoro
cephalad than the laterals.
Pronotum black. Mesonotal praescutum and scutal lobe-sdeep
velvety black I vestitule short and very sparse; median region of
scutum posteriorly ancl the scutellum dull orange, parascutella
black; postnotum black. Pleura. uniform deep velvety black.
Halteres short, black. L.gs trla,ck throughout. Wings (fig. t0)
broacl on basal two-thirds, the outer end rnore narrowed; costal celldilated; wings strongly suffused with blackish; veins darker. Costal
setae abundant; macrotrichia on all outer veins of radial fielcl, on
distal section of vein Jfr*, ancl on outer half of vein J/,. Venation:
Rs angulated at origin, about one-half longer than R; R"*,** shorter
than basal section of R,i Br*" about one-half longer than .ll.+.,,+,ieell il[r laekingim-eu at fork of lI, nearly twice as long as thedistalof Cur.
Abdomen conspicuously w-idened, r'iewecl from above noticeably
rvider:than the thorax; tergites black, segments two to six withbroacl, conspicuous, orange bands, the caudal margins rernaining
narrowly black ; stenrites uniformly black; surface of abdornen
Gpaque,r'ithout shining or nacreous rings; genital shield of ovipositor velvety black; cerci long and slender, honr-coiorecl,upcun'ecl.
Hab. China (Kwangtung).
H o l o t , y ' p e ,? , W h i t e C l o u c l M o u n t a i n , C a r r t o n , P ' a n - ; ' u D i s t r i c t ,lllay 6, 1934(8. R. Tinkharn).
The nearest ally is Heuttorncr (llrioeera) TtlutysontctAlexander(China: Szechwan), rvhich has the abdornen similarly dilated, rr,tleast in the male sex, difrering conspicuously in the pattern of theabclornen,where telgites one to four, inclusive, are orange. H. (8.)
ubtlominalis Alexander (China: Kiangsi) is rnore distantly allied.
19. Hexatoma (Eriocera) chrysomela (Edu'ar.ds)
1 9 3 1 . E ri o ce ru cl trg so me ltrlldwalds, Ann. & \Iag. \at.

Hist. ( 9) 8 :88- 89.

This exceptionall;- beautiful liriocert \l-as clesclibedfrorn Hong
Kong (Bowring, 1861).
KwlxoruNc:
White Cloud Mountain, Canton, P'an-yu District,
May 27, 1934(8. R. Tinkharn). Loh Fau Shan, Wa Shau T'oi,
altitude 80Ofeet, Jurre 30, 1934 (8. R. Tinkham).
20. Hexatoma (Eriocera) tinkhami

n. sp. (fiS. fl)

General colclation dull velvety black, the praescuturn rvith thlee
glabrous nacreous stripes, the centcrs of the scutal J.obessirniltrlly'
cr;lorecll antennae, halteres and legs uniformly black; wings
brownish-black,the anal cells paler; a conspicuoustlansr-ersediscal
t-hite area before Oord, extending from vein n nearll' to wingmargin in cell C u ; veins beyond cord with nurnelous tlichia ; R"slightly obliquei fr,+.+* short, Rrr" long I outer raclial cells deep;

17, 3

Ale,rancler:Tipu,lidae ol China- 351

abclorninal telgites velvety black, segmentstwo to seven, inclirsive,wi th nan'ow llacreousgl abrous rings ; genital shield of ovipositor
or.ange.
f emale.-Leugth, about f6-17 mm.; wing, 13-13.5mm.
Rostrum ancl palpi black. Antennae (fernale) black throughout,l0-segmented; segments graclually shortening; setae of moderate
length. Ilead drrll grayish-black, with long coarseblack setae.
Pronotum clull black, rnore reddish behind. Mesonotal praescutum with the glourrd-color clull velvety black, with three glabrousnacreous stripes; setae of interspaces abundant, erect, black;posterior scleritesof rnesonotumdull velvety black, the centersof the
scutal lobes polished nacreous. Pleura, inclucling the dorsopleuralmernbrane, dull black. Halteres black. Legs black throughout;c('xae and trochanters with long black setae. Wings (fig. lt) withthe ground<olor brownish-black,the Anal eells paler, gray, broaclly
rllore brownish along vein 2ncl,A; a conspicuoustransverse white
cliscalarea lying beforecord, extending from vein ft almost to wingmargin in celLL!u, slightly narrowed at either end; a small yellowish
spot in cell 8e, clistad of 8c,; veins brownish-black,mol'e yellowish
in the white discal area. Numerous trichia on all longitudinal veins
L,eyondcord. Yenation: ,5c, ending opposite the slightly oblique
Er; Bs about one-half longer than R; Rr+*a short, lessthan one-halfthe basal section of llri Rr+" long, about one-half 1?r; outer raclial
cells deepi R, at margin fu)ly twice as wirle as Il,; nt-ctcat threefourths to four-fifths the length of the lorvel face of cell lst J[r.
Abclorninal tergites velvety' lrlack, rvith relatively narrow,
IlAel'e()tts,glalrlcltrs lings orr :;egnrerrtstrvo to seven, inclusive;
sternites clull black; eighth segnrent anrl genital shield orange.
Qvipositor with valves long and slender, espeeially the cerci.
Hab. China (Krvangtung).
Holotype, ?, Loh Fau Shan, Grand Gorge, altitude about 3000
feet, August 8, 1933 (E. R. Tinkham). Paratopotype, ?, BiS Pool,
altitude about 2600 feet, August 7, 1933 (E. R. Tinkham).
I am very pleased to be able to dedicate this fine specresto thecollector, Mr. Ernest R. Tinkham, who has adcled greatly to our:knowledge of the distribution of the Tipulidae in sorrtheastelu
China. The fly is conspicuously difrerent frorn the now numerous
speciesthat center about Heucttoma (Erir,tceru) hilpu (\Yalker). Tho
trature of the glabrous Draescutal stripes, rving-pattern and renation
tiistinguish the species f ro,m all other regiona-l members of ttre
subgenus.
21. Hexatoma (Eriocera) hoffmanni n. -"p. (fiS. 12)
Allied to hilpa; genelal cololation blaek, the praescutuin
rirtually covered by polishecl black stripes I arrtennae (male) relatively long, with unnsually lcng coalse verticils; halteres and legs

,\52

Li trgtr,tttt,
Science J ournul

1938

black i;hroughout; rvings dark bt'owtr, Anal cells molc grayish; &nc,blique 1-ellowbancl virtually crossesthe u'ing from the encl of vein
5'r, into the outer encl of cell C'u1 more obscure yellow areas that are
freckled with blown lie beforc and beyond origin of //s and at basal
tlrird of cell M; ft.nr+, ancl basal section of Il' subequal, shorter
Rrr"; m-cu at near rnicllcngth of cell l.sf JIri abdomen with segtuents
broadly nacreous at base, the outel third of the segments velvety
black; genital shield of fernale orange.
]Iale.-Length, about 9-10 mrn.; rving, 11-12 mln. I antetrna,
erbout 5 tnm.
I'emctle.-Length, about 16 mln. ; wiug, 13 mm.
Rostrurn and pallri black. Antennae relatively long, especially'in male, as shown lry the measulementsI 7-segmenteclirr inale, 11segmentedin fernrle; flagellar scgmentswith unusually long coalse
verticils, especiallf in rnale; on the fifth atrd sixth segtuetttsthesevelticils arrr from one-third to one-fourth the length of the seqnients;
besidr:sthe long veltieils, the entire segments are covelecl 'with ashort elect u'hite pubcscence. Head dull black; r'ertieal tubercle low
to scarcely evident.
Mesonotum opaque black, the plaescuturn virtually coveletl by
three polishecl llltrek stripes that are narrorvly boltlerecl l,)' opaqttrl
black, the narrorv posteliol interspacespolishcd but rvith krng electsctae: er:ntersof scutal lobes polishcd; 1;osteliol sclelites t;f notutn
lnore opaque; scutellurn with abundant lortg erect setae. Pleura dulllrlack. Halteres black. Legs black thloughout. \\'ings (fig. Lz)
clark bt'own, the Anal cells rnore grayish; an cblique.yellow handvirtually crossesthe wing, beginning at costa near end of vein ,Sr-',,terrninating in outer end of cell ('u, nalrowest where it traverses
ft.*; less distirret yellrrrv areas that are speekledwith brorvn lie beft'rte
and beyonclorigin of ^P.sand at basal third of cell J/; veins clat'k,
m o r e ) - e l l o w i s hi n t h e c l i s c a lb a n d . O u t e r r a c l i a l v e i r . r sr v i t h t l i c h i a ;a f e w o n o u t c l e n d o f v e i n J I r + " , l a c k i n g o r r o t h e l v e i n s b e . r ' o r rct lo l d .
\-enation : ,\'(', relativel;' sholt, errclirrgopposite folk of 1/,,+r+,i B.s
relatively sholt, about one-thilrl longel than Il : /lr+r+, and basal
seetion of ft, subequal, a littlt less than R,.rr; eell J/' lacking i m-e?r
at near midlength of cell I.sl lI,.
Abdominal segments with bases broadly glabrous and n acl'eous,the caudal bolders more narrou'ly opaqlre black; genital shieltl irr
frmale orange; h)-popygium blacl<.
IIalt. China (Kwa.ngtung).
Holrttype, ?, Shek Mun Ktp, Lan-tau fsland, near Horrg Kong,.fttrgust 75, 1934(Y. W. Djou). Alloty pe, broken 6 , I{orrs Kong
Isiancl, sumrner of 1933(W. E. Hoffmann). Paraty1rc, a blokerr .J,
L i n W a T o i , L a n - t a u I s l a n d , A u g u s t 1 0 , 1 9 3 4( Y . W . D j o u ) .
This interesting speciesis named in honor of Professor William
E. Ifoffntann, in grateful recognition of his eontinuecl co-operation

17,3

Alerander: 7.'ipulitlue ol Cthina

353

in making known the rich Tipulid fauna of southet'nand eastertr
China. The fly is quite clistinct from those membersof the suhgenus,
tliat are allied to hilpa and have the praescutal stlipes polishecl.
The unusually long antennal verticils ancl the narrow oblique yellow
discal fasci,r distinguish the speciesfrom all such allied forms.
22. Hexatoma (Eriocera) davidi (Alexancler)
1922. Eriocera dauidi Alexander, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, for
1922: 295-296.
feet,
Onc female, Loh Fau Shan, KwangtuDg, altitude 380C-4000
A ugust 12, 1933 ( 8. R. Tinkharn). The tnesonotttut is uniformi,vopaque velvety black, with delicate but conspicuous erebt setae on
praescuturlinterspaces, scutum and scutelluur. f-ienital shielrl ct
female fiery orange.
23. Hexatoma (Eriocera ) tuberculata Alexancler
1 9 j j { ; . H e .ru to n ttt (E ri o ce r u) tuber culata Alexauder , Phil. Jour . S c i . ti l :130-i3r.
The t.r'1lesof this clistinct fly wet'e ft'orn valiotts stati<,its itrIlairrarr, ct.,llcctedby' rVr. J . Linsley' Gressitt. Several aciclitiontl
specimensf rom different Hainan localities.
Tai-ping-larn-ts'uen, back of Lai-mo-ling (rrrottntain t',tirge).
'lirrg-an District, Junc LL-12,1935 (F. K. To). Tai-tsirrg-lanr-ts'uen,baek of Lai-rno-ling, Ting-an District, June 13-16,1935 (Il. K. To).
C h e u n q - k o n - t s ' u e nK
, a-luh-kon, 18 rniles east of Naaru-fung, Kiungs h a n D i s t l i c t , M a r c h 2 9 - 3 1 ,1 9 3 5( F . K . T o ) . T a i - p i r r - t s ' u e n ,L a m k a - l t e u n g ,L a i - r n o - l i n g , K i u n g - s h a r r D i s t l i c t . ) I a 1 - 1 7 - 1 8 , J u l , v 2 2 ,lg35 (F. I(. 'Io). Faan-tla, 9 nrilr,- soutir of \otloa, Tatr District,. 5i l e s S E . o f N o c l o a ,J u l y l 0 - l l . 1 9 3 2( F . K . T o ) . H a u - " r - i n g - t s ' u e n m
L i u - k a o D i s t r i c t , A u g r r s t l - 6 ' 1 9 3 2( F . K . T o ) .
24. Hexatoma (Eriocera) cantonensis Alexander
Alexander,Phil. Jour. Sci., (ira1938. Heratoma (Eriocera)cantonensis
pr e.es).

Desclillerl from specimens taken at various stations in Krvangtrrng arrtl Kiangsi Provinces. Additional Kwangtung lecolcls: Loh
Fau Shan. Rig Pool, altitude about 2600feet, August 7, 1933(E. R.
Tinkharn). Tung Chung, Lan-tau fsland, near Hong Kotrg, AugustlGlg, 1934 (Y. W. Djou). Shek-mun-kap, Lan-tau Islantl, Augustlir, 1e34 (Y. W. Djou).
25. Hexatoma (Eriocera) monoleuca n. sp. (fiS. 13)
General coloration dark redclish-blorvn: heacl and thorax witlr.
lr,ng eoarse erect setae; antennal flagellunr uniformly brown;
halteres and legs brown; rvings brorvn, rrith a small whitish hyaline
rliseal alea in outer ends of eells R ancl )t: R, transverse; P.s inelirecbalignrnent with .I/.; nt-eu.at outer end of ssll lsl M"i genitalsbield of ovipositor orange.

354

Lingnatt, ScienceJ ournal,

1938

tr'enrule.-Length,about 13 mrn.; wing, 10 mm.
Rostrum and palpi recldish-brou-n. Antennae brown, the flagellal segmentsnot bicolored, als in h,irtithorer. Head brorvn; vertical
tuberele errtire; head rvith unusually long and abundant clalk setae.
lVlesonotum dark reclclish-blorvn,the praescutnm u'ith an intermediate pair of lighter reddish stripes, the usual lateral stripes less<iistinct; setae of praescuta,linterspaeesabtrndant, lorrg and erect;'scutellum with conspicuous setae; nediotergite nearly glabrous.
Pleura rcdd ish-brown. Halteres dalk brown. Legs reclclish-brown,
the ,:uter tarsal segments darker. Wings (frg. 13) reiativelv shortand broad, light brown, the Anal cells a trifle paler: a sma.llwhitish
hyaline cliscal area occupying the outer ends of cells R and J[,l,'arely invading cell .8,, jts outer eclgeat fork of /l.s; veins brorvtt,
trf more yellorvish in the discal area. Venation : ,S',',encling opposite the faintly indicated, transverse E,I h oblique; fr'o' r'elatively
short, in clireet longitudinal alignment with E, ; R"nr+nshort, oniy
a little more than one-half the basal section of R, j outer Medial
veins faint i m-eucat extreme outer encl of cell 7st M2, subequal to the
distal section of Cu,; cell ?ncl A narrower than in hirtitlrorar.
Abdornen redclish-brou-n, the irrtermediate tergites tlarker,
cspecially rnediall)r; ba-"al lings not conspicuously lracl'eotts bribglabrous or virtually so; genital shield orarlge.
Hab.

China (Hainan Island).

Holotype, I , Hau-ying-ts'uen, 6 miles SE. of Nodoa, Lin-kao
District, July 27-28,1932 (F. K. To).
The nearest relative is Hetatonta (Eriocera) hirtithora,r .ltlexander, likervise from Hainan Island, which difrers in the . intense
velvety black coloration, distinct wing-pattern and vcnatiou, ancl
the intensely blackened genital shielcl of the ovipositor. It is
possible that the present fl"v may be cliscoloredancl that in living
specimensthe color of the bodl ancl appenclagesmal be clalker thau
above described.
26. Hexatoma (Eriocera) bifenestrata n. sp. (fig. 14)
General coloration black, the mesonotal praescutum opa,que
Bray, with four narrow, dull blackish stripes ; antennae (male 8segrnented; halteres and legs black; wings brown, the Anal cells
paler I two larse whitish cliscal areas forrning an irregular band
before cold, separated flom one another by dark color along -P.s;atirry yellow spot at wing-tip ; Er+i+nlonger than Rr+, or basal sectionof .8,; cell -R, at margin subequal in extent to cell R,i cell lst JI,
longer than any of the veins beyond it; abdomen w'ith bases ofsegments broaclly bluish nacreous, the apices narrowly velvety black.
Male.-Length,mm.

about 14 mm. ; wing, 11 mm. ; antenna, about 3

77,3-4.Ieutnrler:f ipulidae ol Chinct

JCD

Rostruru irucl palpi black. Antennae (male) 8-segmented;scapeand pedicel brownish-black,flagellum paler brown; flagellar segments graclually clecreasingin length ancl diarfleter ,.rutwarclly.
Head dull black, sparselypruinose; vertical tubercle small, simple,
with smaller raised areas in front of it.
Pronotttm blackish-glay. I\fesonotal plaescutum opaque Brayrwith four narro\v, mole blackish, opaque stripes; intermediate pairnarrowly separatedby a gray line, ending sorne distance before
sutule ; setaeof interspaceslong and conspicuous;posterior sclerites
of notum blackenecl. Pleura black. Halteles black, the stem paler'.
Legs black. \\rings (fig. 14) strongly suffusedwith brown, the Analcells paler, except for a broad seam along vein 2ncl A; two whitish
discal areas, a small one in cell fr, ancl a larger area in outer encls
of cells l? and M, extending from .Ps aei'ossthe outer end of veinlI to beyond midwidth of cell lt ; a tiny yellow apical spot in
extrerneends of cells fr, ancl R,i veins brown, yellow in the major
ciiscal area. ]Iaclotrichia orl outer branchesof ,8, more sparse on
the posterior veius, lacking on -l^fancl C'u. Venation: -Bsrelatively
short, about one-fifth longer than Rr, a little arched before micllength; RrarTn
about twice the basal section of R,i Er+z about twothircls R"*"rn, R" subequal to Rr+", transverse; veins E" and R,
diverging widely at outer ends so cell fr, at margin is subequalto
or a little wider than cell R,i cell 7st tr[, elongate, exceedingthe
veins beyond it; m-etcat about two-thirclsthe length of the cell, a,
Iittle longer than the distal sectionof Cu,.
Abtlornen lelatively lorrSr,the base-*of the :egments broadly
nact'eous,rvith bluish reflexions,the cautlal bolclersmore narrowly
velr-etyltlack, this becominga. little rricler on the outer segmentsIoutermostsegmentsancl h1-popl-giumuniformly black.
H.ab. China (Hainan Island).
Holotgpe, 6, Hau-ying-ts'uen,b miles SE. of Nodoa, Lin-kao
District, August 1-3, 1932(F. K. To).
A very clistinct species. By Edwards's key to the speciesof
friocera (1.c.), it l'uns to couplet 1o5, inelucling Heratomo(Erioeera) selene(Osten Sacken) ancl H. (8.) leueotela (Walker'),
entirely different flies.
27. Conosia irrorata (\\-ierlenrann)
1828. Limnobia irroruta Wiedernarrn,
Aussereur.zweifl. Ins. L :574.
Very widell clistributecl ovel the Palreotropieal Regions.
Kwexerurvc:
Loh Fau Shan, Grancl Gorge, altitude about
3000feet, August 8, 1933(E. R. Tinkham). Honam Island, Canton,
P'ntt-1'u District, i\[ay 2r, 193b (\\t. E. Hoffmann), November 21,
It)33 (E. R. Tinkham), September 28, 1996 (F. K. To). Wui-tung,

356

1938

Lingnatt, Scien,ceJ ournul

Lingnan Agricultural Experiment Station, Chung-shanDistrict,
March 9-1.2,1935(H. Fung). Yaoshan,mountain range, Lien District, April 24-zq 1934(F. K. To).

+ Eil t g H 2 f f i n ( g r u H )II. F EI]F H f f iZ f f i t E X , S f i + f i s U t f r z F " B
B E) t t U t t* E f 4 + & X t s nA I F(ffi 4)
EEilJl'- +affiffi A4+ fiIffi+-#HAO A#Its gF-F,=fiOAH.*gF&A-#E^H*:+{fif,oFfE f iputinae
EE

Pselliophorasternoffi#JLffi r +U CtenophorctTtselliolthoroide.s,
Ioba, P. lu,seolimlnta,P. iubila,ta,& T ipul,r,(Oreontyza)clina.ta.

i 'tfrffi Lintoniinae
Affiffi o ffi Cylinclrotontinaeffifl#E-ffi
Heaalctntauensis,+U f,intonia(Libnote.,)fr##ntJfi+$f$,
H. (8.) sealatcr,H.
iuma (Eriocera) toi, H. (U.) Io'ngirad,ialis,,(8.) tinkhumi, H. (8.) hoflnmttni, H. (8.> monoleuea.
ft H . (I'.)

bifenestrata.ffiffiffi, "