Reprinted

from Annals EntomologicalSociety of America.
Vo l. XIII. No. 3, September, r9zo.

(07

250

Annals Entornological,Society of America[Vol. XIII,

Islands (Bezzl), Sumatra and Java (Edwards, de Meijere andAlexander) and British India (Brunetti).
The more important
papers dealing with the crane-fly fauna of the island are thefollowing:
Edwards,_F. W. A Revision of the Tipulid Genus Styrinqomyia, Lw.; Trans.
_ _ E !. Soc. London, 1914,part I, pp. 206-2n, pt. t9-Z5i tOt?. '- 'Edw_ards,I. lV. Nei' a:rd littie-kri6wn Tipuiide, chiehy from Formosa. Ann.
_ _Mag.Nat. Hist., ser.8, vol. 18,pp.245-269,pL.12; Si:ptember,1g16.
Itnderler!, Guntier. Studien uber die Tipuliden, Limoniiden, Cylindrotomiden_- .nnd Ptychopteriden;Zoo1.Jahrb., Sysi., vol.32, pt. l, pp.'f-sS,fOtZ.

**.rffiHii,",?

NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN CRANE-FLIES FROMFORMOSA (TTPIILIDE, DIPTERA).
Cgenr-ss P. Ar-BxlNoen.

I

I

i

During the past eight years, numerous important coliectionsof crane-flies have been made in various parts of the island of
Formosa so that now we have an exc;llent foundation for
future work on this fauna. A large and valuable collection of
Tipulide and Ptychopteride has recently been received fromDr. T. Shiraki, Chief of the Division of Entomology of theAgricultural Experiment Station of Formosa. Several species
that are undescribed and a number of others that are stillinsufficiently known were contained in this material so thatthe collection amply merits a special report. The writer
wishes to express his sincere thanks to Dr. Shiraki and his
assistant entomologists for the privilege of studying thismaterial. The types are preserved in the writer's collection.
The following altitudes of stations included in this paper
were supplied by Dr. Shiraki: Arisan, about 8,000 feet;
Funkiko, about 6,000 feet; Kanshiree, about 1,000feet; Koshun,about 300 to 500 feet; Musha, about 3,700 feet; Noko, about
10,000 feet; Shinchiku (a prefecture; collecting done at 500 to
1,000 feet); Shishito, about 1,000 feet; Taito (a prefecture;collecting done at about 500 feet); Tappan, about 3,000 feet.
The high mountains of Formosa support a rich endemic
crane-fly fauna, this including a curious union of Oriental andHolarctic genera. Besides the numerous endemic forms, aconsiderable number of additional species described fromadjoining countries have been taken in Formosa. These
include speciesdescribed from Japan (Alexander), the Philippine,At:""*uInsectsof Japan. AdditamentaII, pp. 18b-474,
pt.

Ried:I, M.-P;' H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Nematocera polyneura (Dipt.);
Entomologica, No. l, pp. 26, t|i lgl2.
_- -Sgpql_em3nta
Riedel, Y. _P-. The_ same, part II; Eniomologische Mitteilungen, vo1. 2, no. g,
pp. 77?-276;1913.
Riedel, 14.Fr^ Th_e^same,
par!-!!{; Archiv frir Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, vol.5,
pp. 109-116;1916 (August, 1917).
Rtedel- M. P. 'lhe same, part IV, Liri-o_pidae(ptychopteridae) tmd Nematocera
Polyneura (Dipt.); Annales Musei Nationalis Huniarici, vol. 16, p. B1LB20;
1918.

So far as known, the Oriental crane-fly fauna is therichest of all the regions of the world. rt is interesting tonote that the known fauna of this region is even now far larger
than that of either the much better known paiearctic or
Nearctic regions.
Libnotes Westwood.
Libnotes regalis Edwards.
1916. Libnotes regalis Edwards, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. g, vol. trg, p. 2rtg.

One female, taken at Arisan, Formosa, June 22, 1gl7 (T.
Shiraki) No. 1331.
This magnificent crane-fly has hitherto been known only
from the type, a fragmentary specimen in the collection of thL
British Museum tn-at from its size is judged to be a male.
The fernale sex may now be described and additi,onal details ofcolor and structure indicated.
? . _ V".y similar to the description of the type. Rostrum
palpi dark brown. Antenne rnoderafely long for "a mernber of
and-Al,loty.pe,
this genus,dark brown, the apics_of the nageilar selgmentsi"airii"otiypaler. Head greenish yellow. The supernumerary"cross-veinsof theylsq arg surrounded by conspicuous'brown searns,the one in cell
R9Jvilr just proximad of r, the bne in cell R6being almost in atisnment
with the outer deflectjonofr .at the tip bf Rr.- Cfr" *i"g_-'.r*1"g"describedby Edwards as .M.s;
being black are here of*"aitim--Go-".
Abdomen brownish testaceus, sternites paler, especially"basally; a252

Annals Entomolog,ical,
Society o.fAmerica

1e201[Vol. XIII,

Limnobia atridorsum is a species that might be referred withalmost equal propriety to either L,imnobia or D,icranomyia.
fts closest relative seemsto beZ. japonica (Alexander) of Japan.

Dicranomyia puncticostaBrunetti.
1912. D^r11aV9ytligQun^cticosta
Brunetti; Fauna Brit. India, Diptera Nematocera,
pp.377,378,pl. 7, fig.7.

A small series of both sexes from Funkiko, Formosa, April
2l-29,1917 (T. Shiraki) No. 1339.
Antocha Osten Sacken.
javanensis
AntochaAlexander.
1915. Antochajawnezsis Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49,p. l7l, pI. 43,
fig. 18.

A small series of both sexes taken at Shishito, Formosa,May 25-26, 1gl7 (T. Shiraki) No. 1345. The specimens agree
well with the type of A. jaaanensis, although there ane, in somespecimens, three feebly-defined brownish stripes on the praescutum. This is presumabiy the speciesmentioned by Edwards
frqm Horisha, Formosa (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18,
p.249), although the species is very much smaller than theEuropean A. vitripenzls (Meigen). The male sex has not been
described and one of the present specimensis hereby designatedas a11otype.
d.. .Male hypopygrumwith the dorsalpler.ualappendage-.Allotype,cylindrical,
chitinized, the apex truncated and with- a smalf ioundednotch; ventral appendagefleshy with numerouscoarsebristles.
M al.e-Length M.l mrn.; wing, 4.3-4.5 mm.
Aliotype, c/, Shishito, Formosa, May 2b, lgl7.
Styringomyia Lcew.
Styringomyia flavitarsis sp. n.
General coloration shiny black; iegs black, the posterior tarsi
obscure yellow; wings dark brown.
Male-Length, 7.8 mm.; wing, 6.1 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennal scape brownish black:h_asalflagellar segments dark brown, the remainder brownish yellow,
the segments rather elongated. Head brownish testaceous

Crane Fl'ies Frorn Formosa

2Sl

naxrow, dark brown lateral stripe on either side. ovipositor as in thegenus, the tergal valves comparatively smail and strongiy upcurved, thelonger sternaL valves almost straight, but slender.
Female. Length 12.8 mm.; wing, 12.8 mm.
Allotype,

Dicranomyia Stephens.

Alexand,er:

9, Arisan, Formosa,lane 22, LgIZ.

Limnobia Meigen.
Limnobia atridorsum sp. n.
General coloration of the mesonotum shiny black; pleura yellowish,
marked with bl_ack;wings brownish yellow, the cord in&stinctiy seamedwith darker; abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites yellow, ringed
caudally with dark brown.
Femahe-Lertgth 9 mm. ; $ring, 9.1 mm.
R.ostnrm
moderately elongated; palpi black. Antenne-black,of^ moderate.l^ength,
tle $_st scapal sdgmerrt brownish black; secondp)"njoyn, yellowish; firat flagellar segment obscure yellow;eSqgnt
bqsSlly, remainder of the flag_gllumblac[; flagellar segments cylinbrical,
with long, black verticils. Head strongiy iarrowed'behind"theeyes,shiny brownish black, the front ana ani6rior part of the ,r"J"* gtuy
pruinose; a median furrow on the occiput and posteriot p"rt oftrrL
Yertex.
Pronotum black medially. Mesonotal pra.escut'm shiny black, thehumeral reglgp conspicuously obscure yellowish; remairider of'themesonotum shiny black.
frgpleura orange-yellowj mesepisternum andmesosternum bl"ack; remainder of the pleura greenish vellow. with arounded dark brown spot on the iateral selerites of ihe postnotum
immediate-ly_before the root of the halter. Halteres pale brown, theknobs dark brown. Legs with- the fore coxa and tto"ir"t"t.
*"rrg"yellow; remaining coxe and the trochanters greenish yellow: rest'of
the legs broken. Wings brownish yellow; stigma dark biown: cord andouter end of cell lst Mz_narlgwly and indistinctly seamed with brown;yrng.tip indistinctly darkened; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc long,Sc2 at the tip of Sc1 and 7t least four times as long as Sc1 alone, aborit
equal to r,' Rs moderately long, angulated and slightly spurred atorigin; z removed from the tip of Rr to a distance between-one and onehalf to two times its own length; cell /sl M2 closed, basal deflection of
Cq just beygn{ the fork of. M; the costa continues around the wingmargin as a delicate vein.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites yellow, the posteriorpargrn! of the seggnentsnarrowly ringed with dark brown, theie bands
increasing in size to the apical segments, on the zub-terminar sepments
including the entire sternite. ovipositor with the tergal valve"s long,straight, acute; sternal valves shorter.

Habitat: Formosa. Holotype, g, Funkiko, April 2b, L}IZ
(T. Shiraki) No. 1335.

L9201

Alexand,er: .Crane Fl,ies From Formosa

253

Thoracic dorsumentire.lyshiny blagk. plzura dark brown. Harteresbrownish black. Legswith-the co"e black; tr""h.*"i"r. ot."*J^y"ttow;
femora black, obscuie_yelrow r"r.rr", irirr marklng most extensiveon
oblireratedon the posteriorfe-mora;'tibiJ'entirely
ll:^f:.r:^l_1qr:""lTor]
Dtack;tarsr ot the fore..legsblack, the metatarsislightly paler basally;
posterior tarsi dul1 yellow, only the- last se,gment"b1ack;ned.wilgJ

dalt trown tiry6; a fai"iiy <firker
yilh 1 ?tr,o,"grveinsorownrsn black. Venation: ?nd, Anal vein not angulated"il;A-;;;_r;or spurred.
Abdomen black.

Ilabitat;: Formosa. Holotype, d, Funkiko, April 2T,ILLT(T. Shiraki) No. 13b1
The only species with which this large, vigorous Styringomyia may be confused is S. solocipennis (End.ituirr; of Madagascar' a much smaller fly with the legs entirely dark brown.
Styringomyia flava Brunetti.
1911. StyringornyiaflouoBrunetti, Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 6, p. 801.

Three & g's, Funkiko, Formosa, April 2l-22,
Shiraki) No. 1329.

lgLZ (T.

Paratropeza Schiner.
Paratropeza(Gymnastes)hyalipennis sp. n.
to p. ornati.pennis(de Meijere); wings hyaline,_..S_:i"liii{_slmilarwl[nout
dark crossbands.
Male-Length 4.8 mm.; wing, b.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antenne brownish brack, thescapalsegmentsa litt1e brighter. Head broad, shiny ru*nr""r..'Mesonotum deep black, the praescutum and scutum with bluish^refle:tlons'
the postnotum with faint purplish reflections, preura
DlacK'rne mesopleufa.farnilygrey.pruinose;dorso-pleuralmembranecrullyelrow. Harteresblack, the apicesof the knobspaleyellow. Legs
with the coxe brownish black; trochanters yellowisfi br#;; only tfre
posterior.pair of-1egsremain; femora obscurebrownishv"tto*, tir"bi","dly dark brown, immediately before the biown tips a:Ygl"_: !19,.
ring; tibiaeyellow, the tips broadlv blackened:meta_
larr.ow..yeil.owrsh
tarsl wlth the basal haif yeilow, the distar half and t"heremainingiarsat
segmentsblack. Wingshyaline,only the small,roundJrlifr"%ro*";veins dark brown. Venation almosf as in-i. oinariprnn;i; i oi n,n" ,the middle of its length; basal deflectionoi bu, at"o"'ii-"hi"t"iy -6"for"the fork of M.
Abdomen blue-black.
. Habitat: Formosa.
(T. Shiraki) No. 1854

Holotype, d, Funkiko, April 2b, L}LT

254

Annals Entomological Society of America[Vol. XIII,

Paratropeza(Gymnastes)ornatipennis (de Meijere).
791L.. Gnophomyiaornatipenaisde Meijere; Tijdschr. v. Ent., vol. 54, pp.47, 4g,
pl. 3, fig.34.

g, Funkiko,Three dShiraki) No. 1338.

Formosa, April

2l-29,

1g1Z (T.

Parattopeza (Gymnastes) shirakii sp. n.
Black, the front and vertex white; halteres with the knobs white;
femora and tibi€ black, each with twb narrow white rings; metatarsi
white basally; wings brown, the base and two naffow crossdands whitish
hyaline; r-m connecting with Rs before its fork.
II ale-Length, 4.2-4.3 mm. ; wins, b mm.
Fernale-Length, 5 mm. ; wing, 5 mm.
RoYrum.and palpi brown. Alitenne with the first segment whiti;sh,remainder of the antenne dark brownish biack. Froni and anterior
part of the vertex snowy white, the latter slightiy protuberant; remainder'of the head black, sparsely gray pruinose.
Tho,'ax black. Haltei'es darl brown. the knobs and extreme end.sof the stem whitish. Legs with the coxa and trochanters black; femorab.]agk, a narrow ring beyond mid-length and the narrow tip white;tibie_black, a narrow ring immediately"beyond thg base and a iubequairing beyond- midlength wtrite; metatarsi with the basal half white;remainder of the tarsi_black; posterior femora clavate as in this groupof species-_ Wings dark brownl the base up to the arculus, a very narrowcrossband before the cord and a subequal-similar band ai the outer endof cell lsl'Mz whitish hyaline; the firsi of these band.s does not incrude
cglls C and Sc, but the outer band extends from margin to margin.
venation: r not with the apparent fork, asin ornaripeniis, inserte{on&+s about- its own length beyond the fork; r-m c6nnecting with Rsb"_f_ol"its_fork; basal deflection of ch at the base of the veiy narrowcell -/sl Mz.
Abdomen blue-black; in the female, the valves of the ovipositor are
light horn-colored.
Hab,itat: Formosa.
Holotype, c/, Funkiko, April ZL, L}LT
(T. Shiraki).
paraCollectors No. 1354. Allotopotypel
9.
topotype, d.
Thisexquisite

littlefly is dedicatedto its collector,

Dr.

T. Shiraki. It is most nearly related to p. bistr,iatipennis(Brunetti) of South-western India, differing in the uniformly
black thorax and the very different leg-pattern.
Atarba Osten Sacken.
Atarba pallidicornis Edwards.
1916.^.Anrba pall,iilicornisEdwards, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. g, vol. 1g, pp.
249.250.

19201

Al'exand'er:

Crane Flies From Formosa255

Six males and females, Funkiko, Formosa, April2L-27, l9LT
(T. Shiraki) No. 1342. Only the female sex has been described.
Edwards is entirely right in stating that the tibial spurs in thisand the foilowing species are lacking. This is a very strange
condition, though entirely duplicated in the genus Polrymera andin Lecterio (if we consider Psaronius Enderlein as being a spurred
form of this genus). The new subgeneric name, Atarbod.es,
may be applied to the group of species with spurless tibie, thetype of the subgenus being the present form.
Allotype, &. Very similar to the female. Antenne short, withlong, conspicuousverticils, longeston the basalsegmentsof the flagellum.
Abdomenwith a barely indicated subterminalbrown ring. Hypopygium
set with appressedblackened
with the outer pieural appendage.densely
spines;inner appendagea little longer, flattened, pale, at the apex witha few hyaline sete.
Male.-Lengfh 4.5-4.8mm.; wing, 5.8-6 mm.
Allotype, d, Funkiko, Formosa, Aprii 27, 7917.
Atarba fuscicornis Edwards.
1916. AtarbaJuscicorzisEdwards, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.8, vol. 18, p.250.

One female, Funkiko, Formosa, Aprii 21, 1917 (T. Shiraki)
No. 1349.

256

Annal,sEntomological,
SocietyoJAmerica [Vol. XIII,

enlarged, subequal to the second scapal seqment in size, black; remaindergI tltg. {agellum reddish brown; verticiis of moderate length only.
Head light bluish-gray.
Mesonotal praescttum obscure vellowish-brown, with thtee broad
black stripes, the lateral stripes continued caudad onto the scutal
lobes, the median stripe best indicated anteriorly; remainder of scuturndark gray pruinose; scutellum and the posterior margins of the scutal
lobes obscure yellow;postnotum black, sparsely gray pruinose. Pleura
yellowish, the mesopleura and lateral sclerites of the postnotum darker
and faintly grayish pruinose. Halteres bright yellow. Legs with thecoxe and trochanters yellow; femora yellow, the tips broadly and conspicuously brownish black; tibie and .metatarsi dull yellow, the tips
narrowly dark brown; remainder of the tarsi dark brown; tibie andfirst two tarsal segments each with two powerful bristles close to thetip on the ventral face. Wings nearlv hyaline;veins brown. Venation:
Sc short, ending a short distance bevonh the origin of Rs,' r more thanits own length beyond the fork of-Rs; Rz rather short, oblique; celllst Mz open by the atrophy of rn.
Abdomen reddish brown. Male hypopygium with the pleurites
produced into a small fleshy lobe; pleural appendages two in number,the outer appendage bifid, heavily blackened, the two arms almost
straight, approximately subequal in length, but one much stouter thanthe other; inner pleural appendage a pale arm that is slightly expanded
distally. Ovipositor with the tergaf valves considerably longer than
the sternal valves, slightly upcurved.

Erioptera alboguttataEdwards.

Habitat: Formosa. Holotype, d, Funkiko, April 29, LglT(T. Shiraki) No. 1353. Allotopotype, 9, April 2L, LgL7.
Paratopotypes,3 d's, 1 g, April 21-29, LgL7.

1916. Eri,optera (Erioptera) al,boguttataEdwards; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8,
vol. 18,p.252, p7.L2, fig. 4.

Erioptera(Empeda)minusculasp.n.

Erioptera Meigen.

One male from Funkiko, Formosa, April 29, L9IT (T.
Shiraki) No. 1356. As pointed out by its describer, thisinteresting crane-fly bears a striking resemblance to speciesof the subgenus Mesocyphona, especia\ly E. (M.) dulcis andE. (M.) needhami, but is a true merdber of. Erioptera in the
restricted sense.
Erioptera (Empeda)nigroapicalissp. n.
Sizemoderatelylarge (wing over 4 mm.)_;l,tgadgray; femora yellow,
blgwnish black; wings subhyaline,
the tips broadly and -conspicugusly
veins brown; male hypopygium with the outer plewal appendag6
heavilv chitinizecl.blackened.
Male.-Lenglh 3.2 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Fernale.-LengJh4 mm.; wing, 4.7 mm.
Rostrurn and paipi reddish. Antenne with the first scapalsegment
grayish pruinose;secondsegmentenlarged,black; first flagellarsegment

Size very small (wing under 3.5 mm.); head gray; femora yellowish,
the tips rather broadly infuscated; wings subhyaline; r'eins paie brown;
male hypopygrum with the pleural appendages not blackened.
Mal.e.-Lenglh 2.2 rrrrr'.; wing, 3 mm.
Fernale.-Length 2.8 mm;; wing, 3.3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi datk brown. Antenne dark brown, the verticils
in the male elongate. Head light gray.
Mesonotum reddish brown to dark liver-brown, deepest on theanterior part of the praescrrtum; lateral margins of the praescutum
narrowly yellowish. Pleura reddish, sparsely grav pruinose. Halteresyellow. Legs with the coxa reddish yellow; trochanters brownish
yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips rather broadly infuscated; tibia
and metatarsi obscure.yellow, the tips weakly infuscated; remainder oftarsi dark brovm; two conspicuous bristles before the tips of the tibie andfirst two tarsal segments. Wings subhyaline; veins pale brown; stigma
lacking. Venation:
Rz not conspicuously oblique; Sc ending about
opposite one-fifth the length of Rs; cell 1st Mz open by the atrophy of ra.

!

192O1

Alexand,er:

Crane Flies From Formosa

257

Abdomen reddish brown. Male hvpo.py-qiuq with the pleuralappendagesnot blackenedas in n. nigriipicitZi,-in" oii"r"aip"rrarg"
bifid, the caudal arm ac'te,* *.the cepfrali6 ,rro'.iloit-i"".rrliia
flattened.blade; inner
slender, cylindricll. Ovi_
_pleuralpositor with the valves long and "ppeiia"ge.i*a"i, ?;;;-til;triii'"ir'rr'.1'*oa.r_
ately upcurved.
Habitat: Formosa. Holotype, d, Shishito,
May 25, lgIT
(T. Shiraki) No. LBE7. Aliotopotype,.
9 . paratopotypes,
2 d's, 1 9.
Molophilus Curtis.
Molophilus costalis Edwards.

Annal,s Entomological Society oJ Ameri'ca IVo1. XIII'

the oriein ofiRs and another at the fork of Cu; veins dark brown, veins
Venation: Sc rather- short, endinS just beyond
C and-Sc yellowish.
-of
Rs
long,
ns;
the origin
arcuated; Rs aiittle shorter than r-rn; Rz+t
shortei than R3; inner ends of ceils Rg, Rs and lst Mz in alignment;
gnd'
Irl M2open'by the atrophv of the outer deflection of luls; cell
its
own
""ti
than
Mz\ongei than iti petiole; baial deflection of Cu', morelength before the fork of M.
-Abdo-.tt dark brownish black, the tergites narrowly ringed caudallywith light yellow, the lateial margins hore broadlv F"t_ obscurely
yellow.- Ovipositor with the tergaf valves long and slender, gently
upcurved.
9, Shishito, May 26, lgLT
Formosa. Holotype,
Habitat:(T. Shiraki) No. 1346. Paratopotype' 9.

1916. Mol,ophituscostalisEdwards; Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist., ser. g, vol. 1g, p.Zbl,

One f, one g, Funkiko, Formosa,April 2b_22,1912(T.
Shiraki) No. 185b.
A.llotype&._-Yerysimilartothetypefemale.
,
Antenne ofmoderate]-ength.only... Hypopygium with fotir'
tr""ririJ'
rpirro'r,
gppendagesthat are almost straight; dorsalipine.
"o""pi"uou,on theinner side with a smalter, strai[hi'.pi;;"t;h;i;b*e
tfe l.engt!of thelarger. rne"i "p;;;;;;ji"lne_r,art,nor"

slender,"Jni."i-rpp""d"s"'.;;;]";;Jl"ia
the ripsacure,the r"""riaceb""T;;;fi;tiil#i'ri *il-."opi"teeth.

lM-ale-Length 8.2 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.
Allotype, d, Funkiko, Forrnosa, April 22, lgl1.

il;Ja *ttii l"reilT

GnoPhomYiaOsten Sacken'
Gnophomyia(Dasymallomyia)signata (Brunetti)'
1911, Dasymall,omyiasignata Brunetti; Rec' Indian Mus', vo1' 6' p' 304'

One female, Funkiko, Formosa, April 25, 1917 (T' Shiraki)
No. 1329. It is with deference to the views of Brunetti and
Edwards that the name Dasymal,lomyia is here retained as asubgenus. In the opinion of the writer, the group rests on avery slim basis.
Limnophila Macquart.

Gonomyia Meigen.
(Gonomyia)
Gonomyia
pruinosa sp. n.
Generalcoloration of the head and thorax dark, heavily
Jight graypruinose; antenne dark brown, the scapal segments pale
whitishyellow; leg_s
brownish yellow, metatarsi rh.;;_ *i"E;
thestigmaandsmalldotsLt-thebr4" or n, *a-in" i""*'"i?7""rrry"riv"rine,;;,.?1r"*";cell-/slM2opentbasaldeflectioiof Curfar beforeth;forl;iM;"Lfo_"r,brownishblbck,thetergitesn;io;l;

258

""

viir"ri,,'
Female-LenCthrq.q mm.; wing,'5.2_75.5
rnrn.
. Ro:!ryT and.paipi-dark brown.-' A"ten"e *ith the scapalsesments
pale
flagellar.."C;;G aarr.-tiowq*ii"i. "'g."a.whitish.ye11.9w,.thepale brown, heavily light gray pruinoJewitir four dark brown srripes, heaviiy light*^_Y::::!lt
l-tl=Tlq1rl
gray
pruinose,more
redgish in the'icinity of the-consii"lo"q'"if"g"t"
pseudosuturalfovee. Pteura ana sierrrii- redrjish y"11;;:"'
iiitt"r".
-l.i;;li,elongate,.pate
brown,.the knobs *o; tJ;*irh.
tir,J"o**and trochantersreddish verlgw; f;*o;; ;d liti*-Br"*"irr'|"uo*,"the tips of the latter nario*ty arrf.""J;lriri
6r-o*ri. Wirrg.rrr""rryhyaline; stigma smatl,ovat, d;rk 6;;;;;'"
i*"fi, a".i tlt*i'spot at

Limnophila (Dicranophragma)formosa sp. n.
Closeto L. putchripennis;vnngswith a brown cross-bandedpattern,including seven costai blotches,ltre ttrird and fourth united into a
V-shapedmarking that continues caudad along the cord; a seam onr that continuesto vein Ra.
Mal'e-LengJh4.8-5 mm.;wing, 6.3 mm.
Closely rel*atedto L. pulchripennis(Brunetti),of. India.(!'auna
British India, Diptera Nem-atocerd,pp. 524, 525; l9l2), but difieringin the details of coloration.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennal scapebrown; flagellum lightyellow, only the diitai segmentsmore testaceous. Head gary, yellowish
oollinose.
' Mesonotal praescutum pale, heavily yellowish pollinose, theremainder of t6e mesonotum more brownish. Pleura and sternum
brown, light gray pruinose. Halteres yellow. -Legs-with the coxe
thebrown; tr-ochaiteis bbscure yellow; remainder of. the-legs-ye11ow,awithyellowish
subhyaline,
Wingsbrown.
terminai tarsal segments
cross-bandedbroin pattern; the more conspicuousmarkings along
costa are as follows:- A broad. stripe near ihe wing-base, attaining
vetn Cu; a similar stripe at the origin of Rs, reaching M;.a V-shaped
mark, the proximal arm at Scs,the distal arm beyond the tip of Rr con-

rs2olAl,exand.er:

Crane Flies From Formosa

259

tinued proximad along R213,uniting with the proximal arm at the forkof Rs and thence continued caudad as a broad seam along the cord; thedistal arm is united along R1with a mark that surrounds r and continues
caudad to vein R3; a band at the 1eve1of the supernumerary crossvein in ce1l Rq, extends from costa.to the caudal margin of the wing at
the end of vein M a, paTer and less distinct in the posterior cells; pale
brown clouds at the ends of all the longitudinal veins; a brown seamalong the outer end of cel1 ,/sl I\4g; a distinct grayish tinge in cel1s M
and Cu beyond the base; two or three smali brown dots in cell ?nd. A at
the wing-margin.
Abdomen obscure ye1low, the tergites margined lateraily andposteriorly with dark brown. Hypopygium light brown.
(T.

Hab,itat: Formosa.
Holotype, d, Funkiko, April 2L, I9L7
2d's,
Aprll 2L-29,
Shiraki) No. L341. Paratopotypes,

19t7.
Eriocera Macqudrt.
Eriocera sauterianaEnderlein.
lSI2. Eriocera sauteri,ana
Enderlein; Zool. lahrb., Syst., vol. 32, pt, l, pp. 42, 43,
fig. Y.

One ma1e,Kanshiree,Formosa,June 15, 1917 (T. Shiraki)
No. 1319.
Eriocera lygropis sp. n.
Size large (wing of male 19 mm, or over); general coloration deep
velvety black; wings dark brownish black; cell Mr present; abdomenwith the bases of the segments shiny steel blue.
Male-Letgth
19 mm.; wing, 19-19.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne short, darkbrown. Head blacl<, the front and anterior portion of the vertex
sparsely gray pruinose ; vertical tubercle conspicuous, directed cephalad.
Mesonotal praescutum velvety black with four shiny blackish
stripes, the intermediate pair narrowly separated; lateral margins of thesclerites more brownish: remainder of the thorax deep black. Halteresshort, black. Legs entirely deep black. Wings daik brownish black,
more saturated along the costal margin, paler in the centers of theposterior and anal cells; veins brown. Venation: Sc1ending opposite r;
Scr alone longer than R213;r far fromthe tip of Rr and at about one-third
the length of Rri Rz+s a little longer than the deflection of Ra6, thelatter ii alignment with the distai section of this vein; petiole of cel1 Mr
but 1itt1eshorter than the fork;ce1l lst Mz about as long as the petioie ofcell M{ basal deflectionof Ch near mid-length of cell 1st My
Abdomen deep velvety black, the base of each segment shiny steelblue, broadest on iegmentiwo, those on the posLerior segmentsbetoming
nanrowed, on the sixth and seventh segments occupving the basal thirdof the segment or 1ess.

260

Annal; Entomological'Society of America[Vol. XIII,

Ilabitat: Formosa. Holotype, d, Koshun, April 25-May
25, 19L8 (J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino). Paratopotype,tr; homotypes, 3 specimens in the collection of the Bdtish
Museum.
Eriocera lygropis (Greek, "gloomy") is closely a11ied to
E. un'icolor de Meijere, of Sumatra and was determined as suchby Edwards in his report on Formosan Tipulida (Annals andMagaztne of Natural History, ser. 8, vol. 18, p. 253; 1916).
Subsequently Mr. Edwards and the writer have come tb doubtthat the two species are identical and specimens from the
British Museum were sent to Dr. de Meijere by Mr. Edwards
for comparison with the type of unicolor. Dr. de Meijere
reports as follows: " The most conspicuous difference is thatin your speciesthere are broad shining bands on the abdomen,
while in mine the abdomen is practically who1ly dull black.
The thorax of my speciesis more shining, on the part before thesuture there are only three thin dull lines and also the hinderpart is more shining. Your speciesis somewhat larger and thewings are broader, the end of Rs is nearer the wing-apex, thefork of Rras and the discoidal cel1 are somewhat shorter, thelatter more quadrate. " I would expfess my indebtedness to
Mr. Edwards and Dr. de Meijere for thus clearing the identityof this large and conspicuous crane-fly.
Tricyphona Zetterstedt.
Tricyphonaformosanasp. n.
Generalcolorationlight brown; legspalebrownishtestaceorrs;
wings
subhyaline;vein Rzlong,.obliquein position;ceil -lstM2 open.
Male-Length about 4rrrrrr..;wing,5.8 mm.
Rostrum reddish brown; palpi brownish b1ack. Antenne comparatively short, dark brown, the first scapalsegmentobscurebrownish
yellow; flagellarsegmentsoval. Head light brown, sparselypruinose.
Mesonotal praescutum light brown, indistinctly transversely
irrorate with short brown iines, sparsely pruinose; remainder of themesonotumconcolorous,the caudal margin of the postnotum darkened.
Pleura obscureyellowish. Halteres pale brownish white. Legs withthe coxaeyellow; trochanters testaceous;remainder of the legs pale
brownish testaceous,the outer tarsal segmentsdarkened. Wings subhyaline, the region of the stigma faintly darkened; veins pale brown.
Venation: The free portion of R2 equal to R11R2,oblique in position,
somewhat resembling the condition found in T. protea AIex.; r-rn,
insertedat about mid-length of Ra,.5;cel1./sl fu12openby the atrophy ofm; cell M1 present;basaldeflectionof Cu insertedon Ms about one-half
its own length beyondthe fork of M.

' 'wi','

if$f.+:

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irl'.'l:trj1:';;i3i"'r'..

.

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-t92OlCrane Flies From Formosa

Alexand,er:

261

Abdomen light_ brown, the fi.rst tergite darker medially; s'egments
fve and six somewhat darker colored.
Formosa.
Habitat:(T. Shiraki) No. 1348.

Holotype,d,Arisan,April

24, lgl7

262

Annol,s Entomol.ogicol'Soc'iety of America[Vol. XIII,.

three species of Dictenid.ia, least extensive in D. bimaculata,
where it is confined to ce1l Rr, most extensive in D. Jasciata
where macrotrichie are found in ce11s&, Ra, Rs and Mt.
Pselliophora Osten Sacken.

tI

Dictenidia 8ru116.

Pselliophora ctenophorinaRiedel.

Dictenidia formosaua sp. n.

1913. Pselliophora ctenophorinaRiedel; Entomol. Mitteilungen, vol. 2, pp. 274-n6'General coloration yellow, the mesonotum shinv black: posteriorlegs larger_ than the others., the tibia with a brown" ring befbre midlength and with the tips broadly d.ark brown; wings |eflowish, theapex narrowly dark brown.
Male-Length about 11.5 mm.; wing, 11.6mm.
Frontal prolongation of head and palpi yellow. Antenne with thespapal s-egmentsy_gllow,.the flagellum brown, the segments indistinctly
Head light yellow; vertex obscurJyeilow with a T{arkeq !qs"lly.
shaped black mark, the arms of the T passing to the eyes, the Stemcontinued caudad on to the occiout.
Mesonotum obscure brownilh yellow, the praescutum and scutal
lobes shiny black. Pleura yeilow. Halteres yellow, the knobs brown.
Le_gswith the coxe.and trochanters yellow; fbre and middle legs lightyellowish.brown, the tarsi darker; posterior legs much longir Jnd"stouter, the tibie yellow with a broad, dark brown ring befole midlength and with the tips rather broadly brownish black; tlrsi brownish
black. Wlngs with a strong yellowish tinge, deepest basally and in the
costal rergion, more gravish in the posterior and anal cells; wing-tip
br-own, this occupying the ends of cells Rs to Mi stigma rather smaii,
sub-rectangular, dark brown; a faint dark seam along the cord, mostevident on the basal deflection of RE+6,r-flr and the basal deflection of
Ca1; veins dark brown; numerous macrotrichie in the apices of cells
Rs to My confined to the central portions of the cells.
Abdomen obscure yellow, the tergites with an intermpted d.orsomgfi1n. stripe; segments eight and nine shiny black. Hypopygium
cylindrical, not conspicuously enlarged.

27,
2l-Match
One male from Taito, Formosa, February
1919 (S. Inamura, J. Sonan and M. Yoshino) No. L318'(Koshun), April 25-May
One female from the type-locality
25, 1918 (J. Sonan, K. Miyake and M. Yoshino).

Habitat:

Formosa.

Holotype,d, Funkiko, April

25,IgL7(T. Shiraki) No. 1329.
D'ictenidia Jormosana is much more nearly allied to the
genotype, D. bimaculata (Linnaus) of Europe than to D.
fasciata Coquillett of Japan. It is readily told from birnaculata
by the coloration of the posterior legs and the great reduction in
the size of the dark band along the cord of the wing. Mr.
Edwards informs me that D. horihawa Matsumura is a-pselliophora rather than a Dictenid,ia. None of the dozen speciesof theformer genus known to the writer possessesmacrotrichie in theapical cells of the wing, a condition that is well defined in all

In the male the last segment of the palpus is yellowish white, passing
into dark brown at the narrow apex; in the female, however, the terminal
palpal segment is entirely black, the third black with the extreme baseind apei pale. In the- male, the centers of the wing;ce$ are but'
female'slightly paier than the obscure blackish ground-co1or; in-thethe centers of cells M, Ru,Mt, ?niJ Mz, Mt, Cu, Cut, 1st A and'0nd. A arc'
whitish hyaline.
Pselliophora scalator sp. n.
. Closely related to P. laprobanes (Walker); thoracic pleura- yellow;.
wings yellbw with dark brown markings; abdomen with a dark brown
mediari stripe, the posterior margins of the segments narrowly blackened..
Male-Lengih 17 mm.;wing, 15.8 mm'
Femole-Length 20 mm.; wing, 17.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head very short, yellowi Palpi with thebasal three segments yellow, the terminal segment dark brown at either
end, paler brown medially. Antenna of tJre male with the first segment
obscure yellow, darker above; remaining segments bicolorous, the basal
two-thirds of each segment and the pectinations black, the apical third.
yellow. In the female, the simple aftenna is almost uniformly brown
throughout. Head yellow, clothed with long, black hairs.
Pionotum yeliow, the sides of the scuturrt narrowly margined with.
dark brownish black behind. I\4esonotal praescutum yellow, with threeconspicuous, dark brown stripes, the lateral stripes continued across,the iuture and re-appearing as conspicuoirs marks on the scutal lobes;
remainder of the mesonotum yellow, the median areas of both scutellum
and postnotum indistinctly darkened. Pleura yellow. I{alteres brownish yellow, the knobs dark brown on the basal half. Legs with the coxaorange-yellow; trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow, the posterior"femoia narrowly tipped with black; tibie brown, the posterior tibie
darker brown, with a broad, pale yellow ring just beyond the base; tarsi
dark brown. Wings yellowish, variegated with dark brown; the wingtip beyond the cord is dark btown, in the ma1e, the centers of cells.

.I
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Alexand,er:

Crane Fl'ies Frorn Formosa

263,

264

I

Ro. R*. Rx, Mr and ?nd' Mz indistinctly paler; a broken X-shaped crossUand of brown before the cord extending from the subcostal cell to theposterior margin of the wing; the amount of ye11ow in cell R
enclosed between the upper arms of the X is variable, more extensive inthe female, very restricted in the male; the posterior arms of the X
enclose a solid area in both sexes; cel1s-/.slA and 0nd A arc largely brown,
this appearing as a broad seam on vein 4nd' A and along the posterior
margin of- cell ?nd,.4, most intense in the extreme anal angle; in the endof cell R, the yellow ground-color is much paler, nearly hyaline; veinsdark brown. Venation: Cell Mr sessile.
Abdominal tergites yellow, with a broad, conspicrrous, dark brown
median stripe that is narrowly intemrpted at the anterior margin of eachsegment, at the posterior margin uniting with a nalTow, black, posteriorborder; last segment brownish black; sternites similar, but the medianstripe is reduced to a series of linear dashes. Ovipositor with thebasal sclerite jet-black; valves slender, deep horn-colored.
Habitat:
Formosa.
Holotype,d, Taito, February
March 27, tgJ.g (S. Inamura, J. Sonan and M. Yoshino)25No.

1320.A11otype, 9, Shinchiku, July 1-30, 1918 (J. Sonan and
K. Miyake).
This is presumably the species reported from the isiand as.
Pselliophora taprobanes (Watker) by Riedel (Arch. fdr Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, vol. 5, p. 1151' l9I7; Ann. Musei Nat'
Hungarici, vol. 16, p. 320; 1918).

.

Annals EntomologicalSocietyoJAmerica [Vol. XIII,

Allotype, Q, Arisan, Formosa, October 2-23, LgL8.
Tipula Linneus.

Tipula holoserica (1\{atsumura).
t9l6 (July). Formotipula hol,osericaMatsumuta, Thousand Insects Japan, Add,
2, pp. 456, 457.
1916 (September). Tipula rufomeilia Edwards, Ann. Mag. Nat' Hist., ser. 8,
vol. 18, pp. 259,260.
1917. Tipula nigrorubra Riedel, Arch, fiir Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, vol. 5, pp.
1 1 5 .1 1 6 .

One male from Edwards' type-locality, Horisha, 1.916,No.
1332. One ma1e, Shinchiku, Formosa, July 1-30, 1918 (J.
:Sonan and K. Miyake). Riedel describesthe legs of his species
as being "powerfu1," but in spite of this discrepancy, there
can be no reasonable doubt of the synonymy.
Tipula shirakii Edwards.
1916. Tipula shirakir Edwards, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vo1. 18, pp. 258, 259.

Brithura Edwards.
Brithura conifrons Edwards.
1916. Brithuro conifrons Edwards, Ann. Mag, Nat, Hist., ser. 8, vo1' 18' pp263, 264.

One female, taken at Arisan, Formosa, October 2-23, LgLg
0. Sonan and M. Yoshino) No. 1334.
Up to the present date, only the maie sex of members of thiscurious genus have been discovered' The female of-B. conifrons
is hereby designated as allotype and may be further discussed
as follows:
Al,iotype, 9. Very similar to the description of the male. The
vertical cone is very conspicuousas in the male. The secondscapal
segment is conspicuouslybrighter-colored than the first, yellowish.
Praescutalinterspaceswith an abundant erect pubescence, Abdomen
dark brown; eighth and ninth segmentsrufous. Ovipositor orangevellow, the tergal valves almost straight, acute; sternal valves shortern
Itraight, a little higher than the tergai valves'

Six a g , Funkiko, Formosa, ApriI2l-27,79L7 (T. Shiraki)
No. 1327. This series of specimens agrees well with Edwards'
characteization of the type. The additional details of structureof the hitherto unknown male may be given.
Al,l.otype,&. Very similar to the female, differing only in thesexual characters. The antenna are short. Hypopygium wittr ttre
ninth tergite large, nearly quadrate, with a c6nspicuous,flattened
median lobe that is deeply notched.medially, the lateral lobules thus
formed being compressedblades that are coveredwith abundant black
spicules- Outer pleural appendage large, flattened, broad basally,
gradu3lly narrowed to.the rounded apex,pale yellowish white a"novery
conspicuous. From the ventral-caudal angle of the ninth pleurite,
closeto the ninth sternite, two conical append.ages
hang in the notchof the ninth sternite, thes_eprovided with a pencil oflong, reddish
bristles at their tips. Ninth sternite strongly carinatd' Eighthsternite somewhatprojecting, the median area unarmed, on either sideof the median area with a dense fringe of moderately long silvery,bristles.
M ale-Length 17-18 mm. ; wing, 20-24 mm.
Allotype, d, Funkiko, Formosa, April 2L, LgI7.

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Crane Flies From Forruosa

265"

Tipula tridentata sp. n.
Head gray; pronotum cream-colored, with a dark brown medianline; mesonotal-praescutum obscure brownish black, sparsely pruinose;wings strongly brownish yellow, the anal cel1s slightly palei; ibdomen
brownish yellow, with three black longitudinal stripls;mile hypopygiumwith the ninth tergite tridentate, with an acute median tooth^ano moreblunt lateral lobes; eighth sternite with three tufts of yellowish sete.
Male-Lenglh 11.5 mm.; wing, 1.4.2rrlm.
Frontalprolongation of the head dark gray above, brownish yellow.
beneath, these two colors divided by a narrow dark brown iinei palpi
dark brown. Antenne moderately elongated, the long first scapil
segment dark brown, indistinctly reddisfi at the tip; iecond scapal
se€ment reddish brown; flagellum dark brownish b1ack, with a heavy
white pubescence; flagellar.segments with the basal enlargement*
moderately prominent, verticils conspicuous. Head light gray.
Pronotum cream colored with a delicate, dark brown. median 1ine.
Meso-notal praescutum obscure brownish b1ack, sparsely pruinose, without distinct stripes, the margins of the sclerite more brownish; scutal
lobes black, sparsely pminose; scutellum reddish brown, the mediansclerite with a delicate, dark brown, median line; postnotum gray,wiritish gray pruinose. Pleura pale brown, sparsely gray pruinos-e.
Halteres rather 1ong, light yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the.
coxa iight yellow, with a faint gray bloom; trochanters dull yellow; fore
femora brown, more yellowish basall1'; posterior femora brownish
yellow, with a narrow, dark brown ring before the tip; tibie brown, the.
tips dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong, brownish
ye11ow_tinge that is slightly paler in the anal cells; stigma slightly
darker brown; a small obliterative area before the stigma in ce11Ist Rr
and another extending
from the end of cel1 R across cel1 lst M2 into.
'Mt
the base of ce71
veins dark brown; three or four macrotrichie in cel1
R5 near its distal end. Venation: Rs about twice the length of Rz+g;
basal section of R2 nearly perpendicular to the end of R2..3;ce1l1st Mz
small, pentagonal; petiole of ce11Mt aboat one-half the length of the
celT;m-cu present.
Abdomen brownish yellow, the tergites with three conspicuous.
black longitudinai stripes; sternites and hypopygium pale brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite extensive, the caudal
margin produced into two, bluntly rounded, lateral lobes and an acutemedian tooth that is carinate on its ventral surface; margins of ali threelobes heavily blackened. Ninth pleurite complete; outer pleuralappendage slender, elongate, slightly flattened, broadest at about midlength, the distal two-thirds proviiled with long, coarse, black sete;
inner pleural appendage complex, the posterior margin at the baseproduced into a cvlindrical lobe that tapers to the subacute apex and is,
clothed with long sete. Ninth sternite with a comparatively shallow
notch, from between which project the small, curved, black apophyses.
Eighth sternite rather projecting, the caudal margin trilobed, a rbunaea
median lobe that bears a flattenid fringe of yellow hairs and two nearly-

266

Annals Entomological Society of Amer,ica[Vol. XIII,

similar lateral lobes that bear pencils of long, ),ellow hairs, these pencils
directed ac.rossthe median rin^eso as to lie almost in a straightiit" oivery broadly decussate.
Habitat:
Formosa.
c/, Musha, May L8-June
Holotype,15, 1919 (T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miyake and M. Yoshino).
Tipula subapterogyne sp. 1r.
Belongs to the arcl'ico group; allied to T, serricauilo Alexander;
praescutal stripes brownish black, much darker than the markings on-ofthe remainder
the mesonotum; wings of the female semi-atrophied.
IIale-LengLh, 15.5 mm.;wing, 21.2-21.5 rr'm.
Female-Length about 20 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head gray, more reddish laterally;nasus very long and slender;palpi brownish b1ack, rather short. Antenne
with the_basal segment reddish, gray pruinose; second segment lightyello_w; lagellum black; antenne of the male of moderate lenglh.
Head yellowish gray, more rufous adjoining the inner margins of theeyes; a narrow, da"rk brown median line.
. Mesonotal praescutum light gray with three dark brownish blacks_trlpes;remainder of the mesonotum gray, each scutal lobe marked withdark brown, the scutellum and postiotum with a capillary brownish
black median line. Pleura yello-wish gray, indistinctty utoiched withdarker.
.Halteres_light brown, the knobi wiitr the basal iralf dark brown,the. apicai half yellowish. Legs with the coxe grayish yeliow; trochanters
yellow; temora brownish yellow, the tips broadly black; tibie brown,
the tips.blac&; tarsi darli brown. wiirgs subhyaline, the costal andsubcostal cells more yellowish; wings mirmorate with dark and lightbrown; dark brown areas at the wing-base in cells R and M, atl,heorigin of ,Rs,at the sligma and thence*a"longthe cord to cell lsl'Mr; thelight brown areas include the broad wing-alex and extensive ciouds incells. R, -r11,most of Cu1,
_the elds of Clt, ?sl A and ?nd, A; the sub_hyaline areas appear as,a-broad, oblique crossband.beyond. ttre stigma,
extending frorn cell 2nd' Rr across the inner ends of cells Rz, no no,
through 1st Mz into the base of cell M q; a large area near the ba#s of 'celli
f and M; another beyond midlength of trf; another before the stigma
in cel1s-lsl Rr andJ?; other subhyaline areas in celrs cu andA;"cell?nd. A l3rg91y. subhyaline; veins dark brown. Venation: -lsrCeil R,
large; vein R2 beyo.nd r longer than R2_.3;Rs 1ong, about equal to Ra;
petlole ot cell Mr shorter Lhan m; m-cu ptnctiform or obliterated. In
the femaie, the.wings-are_considerablyairophied and the .ru.rrfior,
respondingly distorted; the wings are darli brown, paler basally "orandalong the costal region. Abdominal tergites yellowish with three conspicuous dark brown
stripes; segments six to nine more uniformly brownish; hypopygium
indiltinctly more reddish_!qow1; sternites yellow, with a'Eighth
medjan b1ow1 stripe. Ma]e hygop),gig.m relatively small.
"otrii"ooottergite reduced to a mere strip at the median line. Ninth tersite sfrall.

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268
267

not chitinized, with a broad, deep, U-shaped median notch. Ninthpleurite _complete; oute_{ pleural appendage narrow basally, expanded
and darkened outwardly; inner pleural appendage large and very
compressed. Ninth steririte not nbtched miilially,"the ciudal margiir.
being almost straight across, the median area prbvided with a smill.
cushion-like lobe. Eighth sternite unarmed-. Ovipositor of thearctica type, the intermediate lateral teeth of the tergil valves moderately acute.
Habitat:(T. Shiraki)

Formosa.
No. 1324.

Holotype,d,Allotopotype,Noko, May 11, lglg
9 . Paratopotype,d.

Tipula bicirriuta sp. n.
Antenne of the male moderatelv elongated, indistinctly bicolorous;
mesonotum glay, the,praescutum with four indistinct greenish brown
stripes;.scutellum and-postnotum with a capillary brown line; wings
subhyaline with a rather pale grayish marmorate pattern; abdo-e"nyellowish,.dark brown apically;-mile hypopygium ivitn tnb pleurites
produced into cylindrical, black, curved hbrns.
Male-Leng\,h, 11 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; antenna about b.2 mm.
prolongation of the head bufiy; palpi brown. Antenne
Frontal.
of the male rather elongated, ngarly half th6 lengdh of the body; scapeand first flagellar segment yellow, the remaininq flaeellar sesments
black basally, dark brown distally, to produce an fndisIinct bicSlorous
appearance; verticils very 1ong, approximately as long as the segmentsthat bear them. Head bufiy with an indistinct capilliry brown iredianIine.
. Mesonotal praescutum light gray, with four obscure greenish brown
stripes, the intermediate pair contiguous anteriorly, soon bent outwards
to leave a linear strip of the ground color between them; remainder ofthe mesonotum light gray, with a capillary brown median line, the scutal
lobes with greenish brown centers. Pieura yellowish, sparsely whitepruinose, Halteres light brown, the knobs dark brown, slighti)' paler
at the tips. Legs with the coxe pale, whitish pruinose; tiochanters
yellowish; femora brown, the tips bloadly dark biown; tibie and tarsi
dark brown. Wings subhyaline, the base and costal region yellowish;
stigma brown; a weak gray clouding in the cells, including ihe wingapex; clouds near midlength of cells R and M, and in the ends of cefs
Cu, 7st A and ?nd, A; the subhyaline areas include an oblique band
beyond the stigma, passing from the outer end of cell ?niJ Rr aiross thebases of cells Rz, Rs and R6, throqgh lst Mz into the base of cell Ma;
veins dark brown. Venation: Cell R: large, vein Rz being longer thanRz+a;Rs shorter than R3; petiole of cell Mr-ihorter than mlm-ci obTjterated by the fusion of.Chon l[sa.
Abdomen yellow basally, with an indistinct dorsal stripe; sesments
five to nine dark brown.. Mq!" hlpopygium with the ninth "tergite
rrarrow, the caudal margin heavily chitinited and with a broad U-shafied

Annal,sEntomolog,ical,
Societyof Amarica [Vol. XIII,

median notch and smaller lateral notches, separated by conspictrous
blackened teeth. Ninth pleurite complete, the outer angle prbduced
into a conspicuous, blacli. curved horn that is directeddoisad andglighpy proximad. Ninth'sternite.with
only a slight median notch,
bearing a small lobe. Eighth sternite unarmed.
Habitat: Formosa.
Holotype,(T. Shiraki), No. tgZg.

d, Funkiko,April

21, 1917

Tipula formosicola sp. n.
Generally similar to Tipula noaoYalker; head brown, paler adjoining- eyes; antennetheindistinctly bicolorous; wings dark-brown, moregrayish posteriorly, with a hyaline cross-band beyond the stigma,
extending to beyond cel1 -lsl Mil cell R6 entirely clear; cell M hyalinewith a large brown area near midlength and another at the outer end;
abdomen rather long and slender; ovipositor with the valves slender,smooth.
Female-LengLh,25 mm.; wing, 19 mm.; abdomen alone, 21 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head and palpi dark brown. Antenne
with the first scapal segment grayish pruinose; second segment pale;flagellar segments yellowish, slightly darker basally, to produce abicolorous efiect. Head dark brown, paler on the vertical tubercle
and adjoining the inner margin of the eyes.
Mesonotal praescutum buffy, with three dpll brown stripes that are
confluent, except behind near the suture; humeral region pale; a slightly
darker, capillary median line that extends to the anterior margin of thepraescutum; scrrtum bufiy, each lobe with three brown spots; scutellum
and postnotum grayish, the median area extensive, brown. Pleuragrayish pruinose. Halteres comparatively long and slender, dark
btown, the base of the stem abruptly and conspicuously yeiiowish.
Legs with the coxe light brown, lighd gr-ay pruinosel trochanteis yellowish, faintly gray pruinose; remainder of the legs broken. Wings darkbrown, variegated with subhyaline, the anal cel1s light gray; the darkbrown areas include the broad costal margin, extending caudad almost
to M and reaching the still darker brown stigma which completely
fills cell ?nd Rr and the outer half of -/sl .R1;wing-tip in the outer halfof cells Rz and Rs dark brown; the subhyaline areas appear as a broad,transverse band beyond the stigma, occupying the basal half of cells
Rz and Ra, all of R6, "/sl Mzand. the basesof My,?nd. Mz and Ma; theseposterior cells are pale gray, only slighbly darker than their subhyaline
bases, but the color deepens in the anal cells of the wing; celI M is
subhyaline with the apex and a cloud near midlength brownish; veinsdark brown, those beyond,the cord narrowly seamed with dark brown.
Venation: Rs much longer than R21s,'r shorter than R2 beyond it;
petiole of cell Mt a\ttle longer than m; rn-cu distinct.

r92OlAlexand'er:

Crane Flies Frotn Formosa

269

Habitat: Formosa. Holotype, 9, Koshun, April 25-May
25, 1918 (J. Sonan,K. Miyake and M. Yoshino),No. 1323.
TipulanovaWalker.

Habitat: Formosa. Holotype, 9, Funkiko, April 25, lgtT(T. Shiraki),No. t326. Pantopotypes,5 I's, Apri121-25,1917.

1848. T,i,ful,anoaa Walker; List Diptera British Museum, Part l, p.71.
1911. Ti2ula fumilasciata Brtanetti; Rec. Indian Museum, vol. 6, p. 250.
1916. YdtnatitipuianohireMatstmura;Thousand Ins. Jaian, Addl1. Z, p. +Of.

One male, Ta,ito, Formosa, February 25-March 27, I9l9(S. Inamura, J. Sonan, and M. Yoshino), No. 1323. The
synonomy of. T. nohira with T. noaa is due to a communicationfrom Mr. Edwards.

!

I!

Annals EntemoiogicalSocietyof Amer'ica [Vol. XIII,

macrotrichie; cell lsl M2penhagotlal;cell Mtdeep, its petiole about aslong a"scell -lsl Mz and between two and three times as long as rn; m-cuvery short.
yellowish, the tergites.with three longitudinal stripes, t-he
-Abdomen
medianstripe broad and very conspicuous; sternites with a conspicuous
dark browri median line. Ovipositor with the tergal valves ilender,
almost straight; sternal valves rnuch shorter, compressed.

Abdominal tergites grayish, with a brown median stripe, the caudal
margins of the segments paler. Abdomen comparatively long andslender. Ovipositor with the tergal valves slender, smooth; sternalvalves compressed, slightly shorter than the tergal valves.

F

2V0

Tipula pluriguttata sp. n.
Antennal scape yellow; head and thorax gray with a capillarybrown median line extending from the vertical tubercle to the baseof the abdomen;wings yellowish gray, the base and the costal region
more yellowish; cell R2 small; abdomenyellow, the tergites with threedark brown stripes,the sternum with a conspicuousmedian stripe.
Female-Length,16-17mm.;wing, 15.5-17mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, more yellowish
laterally; palpi dark brown. Antenne with the basal four or fivesegmentsyellowish, the remaining segmentsindistinctly bicolorous; insome specimens,only the scapeis yellow, the flagellar segmentsbeing
almost uniformly dark. Head dull gray with a capiTlarybrown line.
Mesonotal praescutum dull gray, more bufiy laterally, the threeusual stripes darker gray, the interspacesbut little paler; medianpraescutalstripe split by a capillary brown line that broadensout at the
scutum, extending thence to the abdomen;praescutalinterspaceswith
numerous dark brown dots surrounding setigerous punctures; scutum
gray, the median area brown, the lobesbilineate with brown; scutellum
with the median area bufiy, dark brown medially; postnotum obscuregray, the medianline brown. Pleurabufiy, sparselypruinose. Halteresbrownish yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters buffy yellow;
femora obicure yellova *i!4 . comparatively naxrow dark biorin ring
before the narrow tips; tibie obscureyellow, the tips narrowly dar[brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings faintly yellowish grby, the wing-basestrongly yellow, cellsC and Sc yellow; stigma elongate,brown; a narrowbrownish seam albng Cu; vetns 4ark brown. Venation: Rs 1ong,
straight, lying closeto R; R+s in alignment with Rsi cellfir very small,the apex of vein & pale, 3ubatrophied,without macrotrichie; r yery
long, much longer than ftr beyond it, provided with about thirteen