WEPA Group Workshop on Pig Wastewater Managementin Asia
21-22 February 2017
Chiang Mai, Thailand

Pig Wastewater Managementin Cambodia
By Mr. PHIN Rady
Director of Water Quality Management Dept., EPA, MoE

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Cause and Impact
3. Legal Framework
4. Monitoring
5. Conclusion and recommendation

1. Introduction
 Cambodia's pig industry is also relatively small in theregion.
 Pork is a popular product in Cambodia, with many
farmers using pig farming to supplement theirincome.
 But, Cambodia was at least several years away fromproducing enough pigs to meet the country’srequirements.
 Local producers currently produce about 2,000 pigs aday(53%), though actual demand is closer to 4,000animals.

1. Introduction (cont.) Cambodia’s small family-run pig farming
businesses seem to be roughing it out in an
unpredictable market with fluctuating pork
prices while facing stiff competition from cheap
imported live pigs from neighboring countries
and high price of animal feed.
 However, to supply with country’s demand,
RGC has allowed to import live pigs fromneighbor countries.

Pig Farm in Cambodia• http://www.thepigsite.com/uploads/files/IMG_
http://www.thepigsite.com/uploads/files/IMG_3584(1).JPG3584(1).JPG

2. Causes and Impacts
 Water pollution is one of the main pollution affecting
ecosystem, mostly caused by wastewater discharging into
natural water body.
 Observed negative impacts due to unsound managementof wastewater :impacts to surrounding environment(water, Soil, air)human health decline
water quality decline and water –use shortage
biodiversity decline
loss of urban aesthetics

2. Causes and Impacts


Wastewater generated from pig farm ( 40L /P/D )contains high con. of BOD, COD, NH4-N…, maycause serious pressers to the water environment andecology, unless the environmentally soundmanagement is integrated into the policy/legal andinstitutional frameworks and applied.

2. Causes and Impacts (cont.)
 Odor problem: large scale of pig farms often locate
over massive land spaces away from community.
This can reduce the conflicts on acerbic odors.
 But for the smaller scaled farms that have been
operating for a long period of time, could quicklycatch up with their current locations, and cause
conflict between the farms and the community.
 Pig farm could be a source of flier.

3. Legal Framework
Policy: "Environmental pollution control, assessment andfollowing up, and minimization” highlighted in thePolitical Platform of the Royal Government ofCambodia of the 5th Legislature of the National
Assembly (Sept. 2013), and in the Rectangular
Strategy, Phase III (Sept. 2013), is reflected to:
TARGET 9 : Integrate the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and programmes andreverse the loss of environmental resources, of the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, Goal No. 7: “Ensure EnvironmentalSustainability”

3. Legal Framework (cont.)
 To achieving above national environmental policy, theMinistry of Environment (MoE) has set the four pillarsof strategies as follows:
1) Environmental protection2) Natural resources conservation
3) MoE management structure reform4) Sustainable livelihood

3. Legal Framework (cont.)
Legislation:
Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource
Management (24/12/1996)
 The purpose of this law:Protect and enhance the quality of the environmentand human health by preventing and reducingpollution
Ensure the conservation, development, management
and use of reasonable and sustainable naturalresources
Encourage participation in the protection andconservation of natural resources.

3. Legal Framework (cont.)
Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control
 Purpose : Regulate the water pollution control inorder to prevent and reduce the water pollution of
the public water areas so that the protection of humanhealth and the conservation of bio-diversity should beensured.
 Scope: Applies to all sources of pollution and allactivities that cause pollution of the public waterareas.

Annex 2: Effluent standard for pollution sourcesdischarging wastewater to public water areas or sewer

No123456789101112131415161718Parameters
Temperature
pHBOD5 ( 5 days at 20 0C )COD
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Grease and Oil
Detergents
Phenols
Nitrate (NO3 )Chlorine ( free )Chloride ( ion )Sulphate ( as SO4 )Sulphide ( as Sulphur )Phosphate ( PO4 )Cyanide ( CN )Barium ( Ba )Arsenic ( As )Unit0C

mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l

Allowable limits for pollutant substancedischarging toProtected public water area

< 45
6–9
< 30
< 50
< 50
< 1000
< 5.0
< 5.0
< 0.1
< 10< 1.0< 500
< 300
< 0.2
< 3.0
< 0.2
< 4.0
< 0.10Public water area andsewer< 45
5-9< 80< 100< 80< 2000< 15< 15
< 1.2
< 20
< 2.0< 700
< 500
< 1.0
< 6.0
< 1.5
< 7.0
< 1.0

3. Legal Framework (cont.)
Sub-Decree on EIA Process

The main objectives of this sub-decree are:
 To determine an EIA upon every private and public projector activity, and it must be reviewed by the MoE, prior tothe submission for a decision from the RGC.
 To determine the type and size of the proposed project andactivities, including existing and ongoing activities in bothprivate and public prior to undertaking the process of EIA.
 Encourage public participation in the implementation ofEIA process and take into account of their conceptual
input and suggestion for re-consideration prior to theimplementation of any project3. Legal Framework (cont.)
Rules and regulation
 The major government offices that are responsible forestablishing the rules and regulation for environmental
pollution results from pig farm are General Directorateof Environmental Protection(EPA), Ministry ofenvironment; General Directorate of Animal Healthand Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry andFishery ; and Ministry of Health.

Structure of Ministry of Environment (MoE)
MinisterSecretary of State

Department ofInternal Audition
General Dept. of
Administration,Finance,Personnel

General Departmentof Inspection

General Secretariatof National Councilfor Sustainable
Development

Under Secretary of State

General Directorate ofEnvironmental
Protection (EPA)

Dept. of Administration, Planning & Finance

General Dept. ofEnvironmentalKnowledge andInformation

General Dept. ofCommunityDevelopment

General Dept. ofProtected Area
Administration

Office of Finance, Planning, Administration

Dept. of Water Quality Management (DWQM)
Dept. of Solid Waste Management

Office of Public Water Quality Monitoring

Dept. of Hazardous Substances Management

Office of Industrial Wastewater Management

Dept. of Environmental Impact Assessment Review
Dept. of Air and Noise Quality Management
Dept. of Law Enforcement and Inspection
Dept. of Laboratory

Office of Urban Sewage Management

Office of Marine Pollution Management

4. Monitoring Water Pollution management was focused mainly on themonitoring of wastewater discharged from pollution sources.
 In the managing procedure, it is suggested to device pig farmas follows:Large and medium scale: require to conduct IEIA reportSmall scale : require to conduct signing on environmental
protection contract
family pig farmingWWTP at M’s PIG ACMC

4. Monitoring(cont.)
 To conduct routine monitoring at pollution sources aswell as pig farm To take wastewater samples at the outlets of pollution
sources ; If found mistake, release the administrative order letterto: correct small fault within a specific period,
 correct fault within a specific period but fine or stopprocess, collect and detain evidence of such offense formaking statement and forward the case file to thecompetent agency in case of serious pollution
 Conduct an inspection/investigation at pollution
sources if necessary (Complain).

4. Monitoring(cont.) Owner’s responsibility: Select appropriate method/technology for operating WWTP Discharged effluent must conform to national standard, Apply license for discharging treated effluents
 Have enough facilities to prevent the pollution of thepublic water area when there is eventual danger caused
from his/her pollution source; Installing an equipment for measurement of flow,
concentration and amount of pollutant contained in effluent
and also keep the result for record keeping.
 Provide information and other relevant documents which
are used for report making and for evidence;4. Monitoring(cont.)
 To take wastewater samples at the outlets of pollution

sources ; If found mistake, release the administrative order letterto: correct small fault within a specific period,
 correct fault within a specific period but fine or stop
process,
 collect and detain evidence of such offense formaking statement and forward the case file to thecompetent agency in case of serious pollution
 Conduct an inspection/investigation at pollution sources
if necessary (Complain).

5. Conclusion and recommendation
 In a conclusion, at most wastewater generated frompig farm are not properly treated prior to discharge
into receiving sources, except some large and medium
scale of pig farm belong to private company (CP, M’s
PIG ACMC…) are strictly recommended to treat bythe MoE
 Offense still occurred (discharged effluent without
treatment or treated not conform to national standard)5.Conclusion andrecommendation(cont.) Following recommendations were raised for pig
wastewater management:
Develop policy, strategic action plan, and technicalguideline
Strengthening and promoting the implementation oflegal and institutional framework
The training of trainers is an effective procedure
should be delivered at local level
Technical cooperation, experience exchange andnetworking with other countries in the region/globe
should be improved.

Many thanks for your kind attention…