‫ޣ‬ේ⪺‫ޤ‬㋦╩ࠍ㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ⟎߈឵߃ߚ⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵⷡߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ⹏ଔ⮮⧐ ⴡ࡮ධ⼱๺▸࡮ᄢỈᓆሶ㧔ᄢቇ౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴㧕㧘ዊጊ↰ኡผ࡮⮎Ꮷኹ㛁੺࡮ᣂ੗૓ᒎ࡮ᷡ᳓ෘ੺㧔㔚᳇ㅢାᄢቇ㧕㧘㕍᧻೑᣿㧔╳ᵄᄢቇ㒝ዻⷞⷡ․೎ᡰេቇᩞ㧕㧘Ỉፒ㓁ᒾ㧔ㇺ┙ዊᐔ㜞╬ቇᩞ㧕㧘⮮ၴᩕሶ㧔NPO ᴺੱ EDGE㧕㧘᫪↰⡨ሶ㧔NPO ᴺੱ DAISY TOKYO㧕 ⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ㧘㋦╩ࠍࡍࡦဳߩ㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ⟎߈឵߃ߚ㧘⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵⷡߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚ‫⹏ޕ‬ଔታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩὐሼ໧㗴ౠሶ෸߮ㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ౠሶߦട߃ߡ㧘ߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍታ↪ൻߔࠇ߫㧘ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪㧘㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂߩ⊒㆐㓚ኂ⠪ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅᢥሼ⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃ㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߪߓ߼ߦ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᄢቇ౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎㧔એਅ‫⹜࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޟ‬ ዊ໧ᒻᑼߩ᰷☨ߩ౒ㅢ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ㧘㛎‫⸥⇛ߣޠ‬㧕ߪ㧘㐿⊒ᒰೋ߆ࠄ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆᄢ໧ᒻᑼߩ㐳ᢥߢ໧㗴ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ߽ⶄ㔀ߥ࠮ฃ㛎⠪ࠍߪߓ߼ߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߦ౏ᐔߦ㈩ᘦࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߦߪ㧘⢻േ⊛⺒ᦠ߇น⢻ߥ⁛⥄ߒߡ⹜㛎ࠍ⸳⸘ߔࠆ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩ࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨ࡞࡮ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㐿⊒߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧘࠺ࠩࠗࡦߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱᢥሼߩ໧㗴

2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ⎇ⓥߒߚ‫ޕ‬ౠሶߦട߃ߡ㧘㊀ᐲߩⷞⷡ㓚ኂ⠪ߦὐሼ໧㗴 ╙ 1 ߦ 㧘 DAISY (Digital Accessible߇㧘ᒙⷞ⠪ߦ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴߇↪ᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Information System)ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ㧘㖸ჿ໧㗴 ߒ߆ߒ㧘࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎ߦߪ㖸ჿ໧㗴߇↪ᗧࠍ⹜૞ߒߚ㧔⮮⧐࡮⮮⧐, 2005㧕‫ޕ‬DAISY ߪߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬᰷☨ߩ౒ㅢ࠹ࠬ࠻ߢߪኻ㕙ᦶ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ㧘⺒ᣇᑼ෸߮ࠝ࡯࠺ࠖࠝ࡮ࠞ࠮࠶࠻ᣇᑼߩ㖸ჿౣ↢⹤ㅦᐲ߽⺞ᢛน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘໧㗴໧㗴߇Ᏹߦ↪ᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Mandinach etߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߩᛠី㧘໧㗴ߩછᗧߩ▎ᚲࠍ⋥ធ

al., 2005; Ragosta and Wendler, 1992㧕‫ޕ‬ਛ⺒߻࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠻࡮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ෸߮࿑ߩ಴㗴߽࿎ㅜᄬ᣿⠪ߪ㧘ᢙᐕߩ⸅⺒⸠✵ࠍฃߌߥߌࠇ߫

㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ὐሼߩ⺒ߺㅦᐲ߇ㅦߊߥࠄߥ޿ߚ߼ฃ㛎ࠍᢿ ╙ 2 ߦ㧘࠲ࡉ࡟࠶࠻࡮ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ࠍᵴ↪

ᔨߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿‫ޕ‬᜛ᄢ⺒ᦠེࠍ૶ߞߡᢥሼߒߡ໧㗴ᢥߩ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠻࡮ࠕࠢ࠮ࠬࠍน⢻ߦࠍ 16 ୚⒟ᐲߦ᜛ᄢߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿․ߦߒ ߚ 㖸 ჿ ໧ 㗴 ࠍ 㐿 ⊒ ߒ ߚ 㧔 Fujiyoshi and㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪╬ߪ㧘ᢥሼ໧㗴ౠሶߛߌߢߪฃ

Fujiyoshi, 2006; ⮮⧐ઁ, 2006㧕
‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ࡄ㛎߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⺒ሼ㓚ኂߩ⊒㆐㓚ኂ࠰ࠦࡦ૶↪ߦߪ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ▤ℂ╬㧘⹜㛎ታ⠪㧔એਅ‫⺒ޟ‬ሼ㓚ኂ⠪‫⸥⇛ߣޠ‬㧕߽㖸ჿߩᵴᣉ㕙ߦ࿎㔍߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬↪߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫⺒ޕ‬ሼ㓚ኂߪᢥሼ߇⷗߃ߡ޿ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪߤ߁ߒߡ߽ߡ߽㧘ᗧ๧ߩℂ⸃߇࿎㔍ߥᢥሼ⸒⺆⊛㓚ኂߢ⢻േ⊛⺒ᦠ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ᦨᣂߩ⷗߃ߥ޽ࠅ㧘ฦቇᐕߩఽ┬࡮↢ᓤߩ⚂ 2.5㧑߇᦭ߒ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ㋦╩ࠍࡍࡦဳߩ㖸‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘㖸ჿ⸒ߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭, 2004㧕ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ⟎߈឵߃ߚ㧘⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵ

⺆ߩℂ⸃ߣ૶↪ߦߪ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽࿎㔍ࠍ᦭ߒߡⷡߩᣂߒ޿ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚ‫ޕ‬- 199 -

2009 ᐕߦਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪෸߮㊀ᐲߩ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪࡯࡮ࡉ࡜࠶ࠢߩ 4 ⦡ߢߥߐࠇࠆ‫ࡑ࡮ࡦࠕࠪޕ‬ߩߚ߼ߦᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚࠫࠚࡦ࠲࡮ࠗࠛࡠ࡯ߩ 3 ේ⦡ߢᢥሼ߿࿑ࠍශ

㧔Fujiyoshi et al., 2010; ⮮⧐ઁ, 2010㧕‫߹ޕ‬೚ߒ㧘ࡉ࡜࠶ࠢߢ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ࠍශ೚ߔࠇ߫㧘ߚ㧘2010 ᐕߦߘߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߆ࠄ㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪ᢥሼ߿࿑ߩਛߦ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᦠ߈౉ࠇࠆߎ

෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߩߚ߼ߦᢥሼߣ㖸ჿߩࡑ࡞࠴ߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘৻㕙ߦශ೚ߔࠆߣ✂ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴㧔એਅ‫࡞࠳࡯ࡕ࠴࡞ࡑޟ‬໧㗴‫ޠ‬ដߌㇱಽߩࠃ߁ߦ⢛᥊⦡ߣߥࠅ㧘ᢥሼ߿࿑ߩߣ⇛⸥㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚ㧔⮮⧐ઁ, 2011㧕‫ޕ‬ⷞ⹺ࠍᅹߍߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ⹏ଔታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩὐሼ໧㗴 ৻⥸ߦ㧘ᢥ┨ߪᢥᦠ᭴ㅧࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥౠሶ෸߮ㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ౠሶߩ┨ߪ㧘Ბ⪭ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ㧘Ბ⪭ߪᢥߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ߦട߃ߡ㧘ߎߩ⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵⷡߩࠆ‫⹜ޕ‬㛎໧㗴ߩ႐ว㧘ߎߩᢥߦട߃ߡ㧘ਅ✢

2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍታ↪ൻߔࠇ߫㧘ਛㅜᄬ᣿ㇱ߿ⓨᰣ෸߮ᢙᑼ╬߽ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⠪㧘㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ㧘 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪ㧘ߎߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧන૏ᢥሼ⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߩ࠮ࠍᢙሼ߿⧷ሼ߹ߚߪ⛗ᢥሼ╬㧘ㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃ㛎߇╬ߒߊน⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣߪὐሼߩ⸥ภߢ⴫⸥ߒߚᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ࠍ૶↪ߔࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ශ೚ߦߪ LED ࡊ࡝ࡦ࠲ C830㧔(ᩣ)

 2 ▵ߢ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ᭎ⷐࠍ⚫੺ߒ㧘3ᴒ࠺࡯࠲㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬▵ߢ⹏ଔታ㛎ࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬4 ▵ߪ⚿⺰ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ 1 ࡍ࡯ࠫߦ 1 ໧㗴ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧࠍ
⴫⸥น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1 ߦᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ߩ଀ࠍ␜  ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߔ‫ߩࠫ࡯ࡍޕ‬਄ㇱߦߪᲑ⪭⇟ภ߿ᢥ㧘ਅ✢߿ ㋦╩ࠍࡍࡦဳߩ㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ⟎߈឵ᢙᑼ෸߮ⓨᰣ╬㧘໧㗴ᢥߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߛߌࠍ⸥߃ߚ⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵⷡߩߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ภߢ⴫⸥ߔࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ਅㇱߦߪ⸳໧⇟ภ߿⸃ߪ㧘⹜㛎ታᣉ஥ߢ⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼߇㊀╵⇟ภ෸߮ㆬᛯ⢇⇟ภ╬㧘⸳໧ᢥߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߨߡශ೚ߐࠇߚ໧㗴ౠሶߣ㧘2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼࡮ߛߌࠍ⸥ภߢ⴫⸥ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡝࡯࠳ઃ߈ߩ㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߩੑߟࠍḰ஻ߒߐ߃ߔࠇ߫㧘⹜㛎⋙〈⠪ߪᢎ␜ߔࠆߛߌߢኈᤃߦ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߔࠆ੐߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴
 2005 ᐕߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ߩᯏ⢻㧔ࠣ࡝࠶࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢ(ᩣ), 2011㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒ㧘ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߚ㧔⮮⧐ઁ,2010; Fujiyoshi et al., 2010㧕‫ޕ‬ ⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ߦߪ㧘ࠣ࡝࠶࠼࡮ࠝ
ࡦࡊ࠶࠻㧔ࠣ࡝࠶࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢ(ᩣ)㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 1 ࿖⺆ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫

⚂ 0.25mm 㑆㓒ߩዊߐߥὐߩ㈩೉ߢ㧘৻ߟߩࠦ࡯࠼ߪ 2mm ⷺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ છᗧߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⸥ภࠍ㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߩ ⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ߪṽሼ઒ฬ੤ߓࠅᢥ

వ┵ߩࠦ࡯࠼࡮࡝࡯࠳ߢ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠆߣ㧘ࠦ࡯╬㧘໧㗴ౠሶߦ㊀ߨߡශ೚ߒߡ߽㧘ᢥሼ߿࿑࠼߇⺒ߺขࠄࠇ㧘ߘߩࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻᔕߒߚ ICߩⷞ⹺ࠍᅹߍߥ޿․ᓽࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ⥸৻ޕ‬ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗౝ⬿ߩ㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲߇ౣ↢ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠞ࡜࡯ශ೚ߪ㧘ࠪࠕࡦ࡮ࡑࠫࠚࡦ࠲࡮ࠗࠛࡠ ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ߦὐሼࠍ㊀ߨߡශ೚ߔࠇ߫ਛㅜ- 200 -ᄬ᣿⠪↪ߩὐሼߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫߽૞ᚑน⢻ߢ޽

 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼࡮࡝࡯࠳ઃ߈㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪߽㧘ߚߣ߃ὐሼ߇⺒߼ߥߊߣߦߪ㧘ࠬࡇ࡯ࠠࡦࠣ࡮ࡍࡦ㧔ࠣ࡝࠶࠼ࡑ࡯߽ࠢᜰߢᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⸥ภࠍߚߤࠅߥ߇ࠄ㖸ჿߢ໧(ᩣ)㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ‫ߩ⟎ⵝߩဳࡦࡍޕ‬వ┵ߩࠦ㗴ࠍ⢻േ⊛ߦ⺒߻ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬࡯࠼࡮࡝࡯࠳ߢࠦ࡯࠼ࠍ⺒ߺขࠆߣ㧘ߘߩࠦ࡯࠼ߦኻᔕߒߚ㧘IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦౝ⬿ߐࠇߚ㖸 ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ჿ࠺࡯࠲߇ౣ↢ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ჿߪ㧘ౝ⬿ࠬࡇ࡯ ߎߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ⎇ⓥㆊ⒟߆ࠄ

ࠞ߹ߚߪࠗࡗࡎࡦߢ⡞ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬2010 ᐕߦࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴߇⺀↢ߒߚ㧔⮮ ౣ↢㖸㊂ߣ⹤ㅦᐲ߇⺞ᢛน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡇࠬޕ‬⧐ઁ, 2011㧕‫ޕ‬࡯ࠠࡦࠣ࡮ࡍࡦ೨㕙ߦߪ㧘ౣ↢࡮஗ᱛࡏ࠲ࡦ㧘 ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ౠሶߪ㧘ㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚࡕ࡯࠼ಾࠅᦧ߃ࡏ࠲ࡦ㧘਄ਅߩ⺞ᢛࡏ࠲ࡦߩߪ᜛ᄢᢥሼߩṽሼ઒ฬ੤ߓࠅᢥߩ໧㗴ౠሶࠍ

4 ߟߩࡏ࠲ࡦ߇޽ࠆ‫࠼࡯ࡕޕ‬ಾࠅᦧ߃ࡏ࠲ࡦᢥᦠ᭴ㅧන૏ߦ඙ಽߒ㧘⷗߃ߥ޿ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ㧘㖸㊂ߣ⹤ㅦᐲ⺞ᢛࡕ࡯࠼ࠍಾࠅ

࠼ࠍഀࠅઃߌ㧘㊀ߨߡශ೚ߒߡ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ᦧ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸㊂ࡕ࡯࠼ߢ਄ਅߩ⺞ᢛࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼

2 ߦࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߩ଀ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ߖ߫㧘㖸㊂ࠍ⺞ᢛߢ߈ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⹤ㅦᐲ⺞ᢛࡕ࡯࠼ߢ਄ਅߩ⺞ᢛࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼ߖ߫㧘⹤ㅦᐲࠍಾࠅᦧ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⹤ޕ‬ㅦᐲࠍಾࠅᦧ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼ 0.75 ୚ㅦ㧘
1 ୚ㅦ㧘
1.5 ୚ㅦ㧘2 ୚ㅦ㧘2.5 ୚ㅦ╬㧘⹤ㅦᐲࠍ⺞ᢛߒߚ㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦౝ⬿ߐߖߡ߅߈㧘⹤ㅦᐲࠍಾࠅᦧ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ჿࠍᱛ߼ߚ޿႐วߦߪ㧘ౣ↢࡮஗ᱛࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼ߔ‫ޕ‬ 㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ߪ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦౝ⬿ߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬⡺ჿߩ㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘ࡊ࡟ࠢࠬ࠻࡯ࠢ࡮࡟ࠦ

࿑ 2 ࿖⺆ 28 䊘䉟䊮䊃䈱䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦໧㗴ౠሶ࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣ࡮࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠚࠕ PRS ࡊࡠ㧔ࠪ࠽ࡁࠤࡦࠪ(ᩣ)㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ㧘㖸ჿࠍࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߪᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߢ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞㍳㖸ߒ㧘✬㓸ߒߡ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬วᚑߣห᭽㧘㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߢ໧㗴ߩછᗧߩṽ㖸ჿߪ໧㗴ᢥߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻࡮࠺࡯࠲ࠍࡏࠗࠬ࡮ሼ઒ฬ੤ߓࠅᢥࠍ࠳ࠗ࡟ࠢ࠻ߦ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠇ߫࠰ࡓ࡝ࠛ࡮ࡀࠝ㧔ᣣ┙ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࠰࡝ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪᒰ⹥ࠞᚲߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߩ㖸ჿ߇හᐳߦౣ↢ߐࠇ

ࡦ(ᩣ)㧕ߢᄌ឵ߒߡ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘໧㗴ᢥࠍᲑ⪭න૏ߦ⺒߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߚ߼㧘ฦᲑ⪭ߩవ㗡ߩᲑ⪭⇟ภࠍ࠲࠶࠴ ⹏ଔታ㛎ߔࠇ߫㧘ߘߩᲑ⪭ో૕߇⺒ߺ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ბ ታ㛎⋡⊛⪭ߩਛߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧන૏ࠍ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠇ߫㧘ᒰ⹥ ᓥ᧪ߩὐሼ໧㗴ߣㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢᢥሼ

ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧන૏ߩߺࠍ⺒ߺ਄ߍࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘ᢥ໧㗴ߦട߃ߡ㧘ߎߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߣࡑࠍ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠇ߫ߘߩᢥߩߺࠍ㧘ਅ✢ㇱࠍ࠲࠶࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ࠍታ↪ൻߔࠇ߫ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪㧘࠴ߔࠇ߫ߘߩਅ✢ㇱߩߺࠍ㧘ⓨᰣ⸥ภࠍ࠲࠶㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅᢥሼ࠴ߔࠇ߫ߘߩⓨᰣࠍ฽߻ᢥߩߺࠍ㧘ᢙᑼࠍ࠲⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠇ߫ߘߩᢙᑼߩߺࠍ⺒ߺ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃ㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧘ὐሼ໧㗴㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㧘 㖸ჿ +% ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴෸- 201 -߮ㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߩ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃߇㧘

14 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ A4㧘20 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ A3㧘28 ࡐࠗࡦᓧὐ෸߮⸃╵ㅦᐲߦ෸߷ߔലᨐࠍಽᨆߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

࠻ A3 ߩ 4 ⒳㘃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬㧘ⵍ㛎⠪ߦᦨㆡߥ‛ࠍㆬᛯߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ ታ㛎ᣇᴺ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ౠሶߪ 20 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ B4 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬(1) ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩታ㛎 ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߦኻߔࠆ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴෸⸘↹߮ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߪ 14 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ A4 ߢ޽ ታ㛎⸘↹ߪ㧘➅ࠅ㄰ߒߩ޽ࠆ 33 ߩࠣ࡟ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣหࠦ࡮࡜࠹ࡦᣇᩰᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߦ࿖⺆࡮⧷⺆࡮ߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇ 3 ᢎ⑼౒ㅢߩታ㛎⸘↹ߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴෸߮ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㖸ჿߪ㧘⡺ჿߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ჿߩౣ↢⹤ㅦᐲ⴫ 㪈㩷 㪊㬍㪊 䈱䉫䊧䉮䊶䊤䊁䊮ᣇᩰᴺ䈱㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ታ㛎⸘↹䈱䉟䊜䊷䉳㩷㩷㩷㩷㪈㩷㗅ᐨ㩷

1.5 ୚ㅦ㧘2 ୚ㅦߩ 3 Ბ㓏ߦ㧘ⵍ㛎⠪߇છᗧߦⵍ㛎⠪⟲㩷㪈 䉫䊦䊷䊒㩷᜛ᄢᢥሼ䊶㩷໧㗴 㪈㩷ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫䊶㩷㪉㩷 ໧㗴 㪊㩷㪊㩷ߪ㧘
㖸⒟ࠍᄌ߃ࠆߎߣߥߊ㧘ᦶ⺒ᤨߩ 1 ୚ㅦ㧘㪉 䉫䊦䊷䊒㩷ಾࠅᦧ߃น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㪊 䉫䊦䊷䊒㩷 ໧㗴ߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘ᄢቇ౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢ⎇ⓥਛ

ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫䊶㩷 䊙 䊦 䉼 䊝 䊷 䉻໧㗴 㪉㩷䊦䊶໧㗴 㪊㩷ߩ㧘ၮ␆ቇജ⹏ଔߩߚ߼ߩ࿖⺆࡮⧷⺆࡮ᢙቇ䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ䊶㩷䊦䊶໧㗴 㪈㩷໧㗴 㪉㩷䊙 䊦 䉼 䊝 䊷 䉻 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷䊦䊶໧㗴 㪉㩷䊶໧㗴 㪊㩷

ߩ 3 ᢎ⑼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢎ⑼೎ߦ 3 ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖ
ࠕߣ߽㧘໧㗴 1࡮໧㗴 2࡮໧㗴 3 ߩ 3 ࠮࠶࠻ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫䊶㩷໧㗴 㪈㩷ߕߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴࠮࠶࠻೎໧㗴ߩᢥᦠ㊂㧘૶ ⵍ㛎⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ㧘↪ߔࠆ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ᢙ෸߮㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ᢙ㧘ᦶ

1 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 3 ฬߕߟߩ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧘⸘ 9 ฬߩ⺒ᤨ㑆㧘1 ୚ㅦߩ⹤ㅦᐲࠍ⴫ 2 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ห৻ᒙⷞ㜞ᩞ↢㧔৻ㇱතᬺ↢ࠍ฽߻㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫⦟ޕ‬⑼⋡ߩ࠮࠶࠻೎㈩ὐ߇⧯ᐓ⇣ߥࠆߚ߼㧘໧㗴޿ᣇߩ⋡ߩ⍶ᱜⷞജߩ⒟ᐲߪ 0.01㨪0.5㧘ਛ࠮࠶࠻೎ᓧὐߪ㧘ߔߴߡ 100 ὐḩὐߦ឵▚ߒ

ᄩ୯ߪ 0.08 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߚ‫ޕ‬࿖⺆ߣ⧷⺆ߪᄙ⢇ㆬᛯ໧㗴ߩᢥ┨㗴ߢ޽ ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ㧘1 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 3 ฬߕߟࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪᢙ୯⸃╵໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ߩ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧘⸘ 9 ฬߩ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫ 㪉㩷 ໧㗴䉶䉾䊃೎ᢥሼᢙ䈫ᦶ⺒ᤨ㑆╬㩷ⵍ㛎⠪ߣߒߡ⺒ሼ㓚ኂߩ㜞ᩞ↢ࠍ൐㓸ߔࠆߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡ 1 ฬߩ㜞ᩞ↢એᄖߪᚑੱߢ޽ࠆ‫⺒ޕ‬ሼ㓚ኂߩ⒟ᐲߪ㧘ߦࠃࠅ㊀ᐲ㧘シᐲ㧘ߘߩઁシᐲߩ್ቯၮḰߦߪ⹥ᒰߒߥ޿⺒ሼ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⠪ߩ 3 Ბ㓏ߦߘߩઁ߇ 3 ฬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ჿ䊂䊷䉺ᢙ㩷ᦶ⺒ᤨ㑆䋨ಽ䋩㩷ᦶ⺒ㅦᐲ䋨ᢥሼᢙ㪆ಽ䋩㩷㪈㩷㪉㪏㪈㪋㩷㪈㪌㪉㩷㪈㪊㪍㩷㪈㪎㪅㪍㪎㩷㪈㪌㪐㪅㪉㪏㩷㪉㪋㪈㪈㩷㪈㪍㪋㩷㪈㪋㪌㩷㪈㪎㪅㪐㪎㩷㪈㪊㪋㪅㪈㪐㩷㪊㩷㪉㪇㪏㪇㩷㪈㪋㪏㩷㪈㪊㪉㩷㪈㪍㪅㪇㪊㩷㪈㪉㪐㪅㪎㪊㩷㪈㩷㩷 㪌㪐㪎㩷㩷 㪋㪌㩷㩷 㪊㪊㩷㩷 㪋㪅㪉㪊㩷㪈㪋㪈㪅㪇㪉㩷㩷 㪋㪐㪇㩷㩷 㪊㪐㩷㩷 㪊㪊㩷㩷 㪋㪅㪇㪊㩷㪈㪉㪈㪅㪋㪐㩷㪊㩷㩷 㪌㪈㪊㩷㩷 㪋㪌㩷㩷 㪋㪇㩷㩷 㪋㪅㪇㪏㩷㪈㪉㪌㪅㪍㪊㩷㪈㩷㪈㪏㪏㪐㩷㪉㪉㪉㩷㪈㪏㪈㩷㪈㪋㪅㪌㩷㪈㪊㪇㪅㪉㪏㩷㪈㪏㪍㪉㩷㪉㪊㪇㩷㪈㪏㪋㩷㪈㪌㪅㪎㪏㩷㪈㪈㪎㪅㪐㪎㩷㪉㪇㪌㪋㩷㪉㪉㪉㩷㪈㪏㪈㩷㪈㪋㪅㪐㪌㩷㪈㪊㪎㪅㪊㪐㩷⧷㪉㩷⺆ ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㪊㩷㧔࿑࡮⴫ਛߪ‫ޟ‬᜛ᄢᢥሼ‫ޠ‬㧕ߣࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴㧔࿑࡮⴫ਛߪ‫ޠ࡞࠳࡯ࡕ࠴࡞ࡑޟ‬㧕෸߮ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴㧔࿑࡮⴫ਛߪ‫ޟ‬ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫‫ޠ‬㧕ࠨࠗ࠭ߣౠሶߩᄢ߈ߐߪ㧘10.5 ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ A4㧘㪉 ᰴర䉮䊷䊄ᢙ㩷ᢙ㪉㩷ቇᄢ೎ߒߚ‫ޕ‬9 ฬਛ㧘㊀ᐲ߇ 1 ฬ㧘シᐲ߇ 5 ฬ㧘ᢥሼ໧㗴෸߮ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ౠሶߩᢥሼ

ᢥᦠ
㊂䋨ᢥ
ሼᢙ䋩㩷

࿖㪉㩷⺆

್ቯၮḰ㧔Smythe, I. and Everett, J. , 2002㧕

ߩ 3 ⒳㘃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߦኻߔࠆ᜛ᄢ

໧㗴
䉶䉾䊃㩷

(2) ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩታ㛎⸘↹ ታ㛎⸘↹ߪ㧘࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃ࠍ㒰߈㧘⴫ 1 ߩታ㛎⸘↹ߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⵍ㛎⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ- 202 -

1 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 5 ฬߕߟߩ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧘⸘ 15 ฬ೎ᓧὐಽᏓߩ▫߭ߍ࿑ࠍ࿑ 3(1)㨪(3)ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ߩⷞⷡ․೎ᡰេቇᩞߩ㜞ᩞ↢㧔৻ㇱතᬺ↢ࠍ▫߭ߍ࿑ߩ㗅ᐨߪਛᄩ୯ߩᄢ߈޿㗅ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬฽߻㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ 1 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ 7‫ޟ‬ᬌቯ⚿ᨐ‫ߩޠ‬ᰣߪ㧘ࠪ࠶ࡈࠚߩᄙ㊀Ყセߩฬߕߟߩ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧘⸘ 21 ฬߩஜᏱ㜞ᩞ↢⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠕࠖ࠺ࡔ࡮࠻ࠬ࠹ߚࠇ߫⚿ߢ✢ޕ‬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߩᓧὐಽᏓ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧᏅ߇ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ㧘߹ߚ✢ ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃ߪ 3 ᳓Ḱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߢ⚿߫ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㑆ߦߪ᦭

⴫ 1 ߩ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ࠍ㧘ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪὐሼᗧᏅ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ߦ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴㧔10.5

 ᬌቯ⚿ᨐߦߺࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⧷ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ A4㧕ߦᏅߒᦧ߃ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࡑ࡞࠴⺆ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߣᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᓧࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߪਔⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ߽วᚑ㖸ჿߩᢥὐ㑆ࠍ଀ᄖߣߒߡ㧘ฦⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߦᏅߒᦧ߃ߚ‫ޕ‬ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫࠺ࠖࠕߩᓧὐ㑆ߦߪߔߴߡ᦭ᗧᏅ߇ή޿ߎߣ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪ㧘⴫ 1 ߣห᭽㧘⡺ჿߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ฦⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ߽࠹ࠬ࠻࡮㖸ჿ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㑆ߦ 3 ᢎ⑼ߦ౒ㅢߒߡ߶߷৻ቯߩ௑ ໧㗴ߩⷐ࿃ߪ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲෸߮ᒙⷞⵍะ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㛎⠪⟲ߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ 3 ᢎ⑼ߩὐሼ໧㗴ߣᢥᦠ᭴㧔3㧕ታ㛎ᚻ⛯߈ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᓧὐಽᏓߪ߶߷㘃ૃߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘 ታ㛎ᚻ⛯߈ߪ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ࠍ೙㒢ߒߥ޿૞ᬺ೙᦭ᗧᏅ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㒢ᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ 3 ᢎ⑼ߩᓧὐߪ㧘㜞޿ᣇ߆ࠄࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㧘ᢥᦠ ታ㛎⚿ᨐ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㗅ߦ⧯ᐓૐߊߥࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘㧔1㧕ᓧὐಽᏓ᦭ᗧᏅߪߔߴߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᓧὐߦኻߔࠆⵍ㛎⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㧘࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ 3 ᢎ⑼ߩᓧὐߪ㧘㜞޿࠺ࠖࠕ㧘໧㗴㧘಴㗴㗅ᐨߩ 4 ⷐ࿃ߩ෸߷ߔലᣇ߆ࠄ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴㧘ᨐࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ⵍ㛎⠪⟲೎ߦ㧘ᢎ⑼೎ߦಽ

ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㗅ߦ⧯ᐓૐߊߥࠆ‫ߒޕ‬ᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅ㧘ᬌቯߩ᦭ᗧ᳓Ḱߪߔ߆ߒ㧘᦭ᗧᏅߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

ߴߡ 5㧑ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ࿖⺆ߣᢙቇߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴 ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘⧷⺆ߣᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᓧὐಽᏓߪ㘃ૃߒߡߩஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߛߌ߇໑৻᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬߅ࠅ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⧷⺆ ⵍ㛎⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆ߪߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᓧὐ߇ㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߔߴߡߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ߽᦭ᗧߢߥ߆ߞߚ‫⺆⧷ޕ‬ࠃࠅ߽߆ߥࠅૐߊ㧘໑৻᦭ᗧᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߪᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞ ࡑࡦ࡮ࡎࠗ࠶࠻࠾࡯ߩᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧘྾ߟߩߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߛߌ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩቇ⠌೔㆐ᐲߪ߶߷㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆߎ ໧㗴ߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆߇ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪ߣ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩὐሼ໧㗴㧘⟲એᄖߩਃߟߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫⧷ޕ‬ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㧘⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⺆ߪஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߛߌ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇ⠪⟲ߩ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥߪ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲એᄖߪ᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ሼ໧㗴ߩᓧὐ㑆ߦ 3 ᢎ⑼ߣ߽ߔߴߡ᦭ᗧᏅߪ 㗅ᐨߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ໑৻ᢙቇߩஜᏱⵍ㛎⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⠪⟲ߛߌ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߣ㓚ኂ ᰴߦ㧘ᓧὐಽᏓࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㑆ߢᲧⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩฦ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩᓧὐ㑆ߦ 3セߔࠆߚ߼㧘ⵍ㛎⠪⟲೎㧘࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ

ᢎ⑼ߣ߽᦭ᗧᏅߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬໑৻ߩ- 203 -᦭ᗧᏅߪ⧷⺆ߩஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߣᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᓧὐᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷㑆ߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚߛߌߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷0      50     100㧔ὐ㧕㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷࿑ 㪊䋨㪊䋩㩷 ᢙቇ䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎ᓧὐಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセ㩷

0      50     100㧔ὐ㧕࿑ 㪊䋨㪈䋩㩷 ࿖⺆䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎ᓧὐಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセ㩷㧔2㧕⸃╵ㅦᐲߩಽᏓ ⸃╵ㅦᐲߦኻߔࠆ 4 ⷐ࿃ߩ෸߷ߔലᨐࠍᬌⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷ᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷⸛ߔࠆߚ߼㧘ⵍ㛎⠪⟲೎ߦ㧘ᢎ⑼೎ߦಽᢔಽ
ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫╵⸃ޕ‬ㅦᐲߪ㧘⴫ 2 ߩᢥᦠ㊂㧔ᢥ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ሼᢙ㧕ࠍฦⵍ㛎⠪ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߢഀߞߡ㧘ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷න૏ᤨ㑆ᒰߚࠅߦಣℂน⢻ߥᢥᦠ㊂ߣߒߡ▚಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷 ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ߪὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲એᄖߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪߔߴߡ᦭ᗧ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߪ⺆⧷ޕ‬྾ߟߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ߽ߔߴߡ㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩߺ߇᦭㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ⵍ㛎⠪ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆ߪ㧘ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲߇᦭ᗧߢ޽㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ߞߚ‫ߪ⺆⧷ޕ‬㧘ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߛߌ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽0      50     100㧔ὐ㧕࿑ 㪊䋨㪉䋩㩷 ⧷⺆䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎ᓧὐಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセ㩷ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߛߌ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ໧㗴ߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆ߪὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߣ⺆⧷ޕ‬ᢙቇߪߔߴߡߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߢ᦭ᗧߢߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 204 - 㗅ᐨߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐߪ㧘࿖⺆ߩὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲㧘⧷⺆ߩஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲㧘ᢙቇߩᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷 ᰴߦ㧘⸃╵ㅦᐲߩಽᏓࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷㑆ߢᲧセߔࠆߚ߼㧘࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ೎⸃╵ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷ㅦᐲߩಽᏓߩ▫߭ߍ࿑෸߮ࠪ࠶ࡈࠚߩ࠹ࠬᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㑆ߩᄙ㊀Ყセ⚿ᨐࠍ࿑ 4(1)㨪(3)㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷 ᬌቯ⚿ᨐߦߺࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߩಽᏓ㑆ߦߪ 3 ᢎ⑼ߦ౒ㅢߒߡᢥ㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷ᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪઁߩ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠃ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦㆃ޿ߎߣ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷 ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ㧘ὐሼ໧㗴ߣᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ჿ໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ㧘࿖⺆ߣᢙቇߪ㘃ૃߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘0    ⧷⺆ߪ㧘ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩᣇ߇ὐሼ໧㗴ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦㆃ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬375     750㧔ᢥሼ/ಽ㧕࿑ 㪋䋨㪈䋩㩷 ࿖⺆䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎⸃╵ㅦᐲ䈱ಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセ ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ㧘࿖⺆ߣ⧷⺆ߪห᭽ߦ㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ߣࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ߶߷㘃ૃߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪઁߩ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦㆃ߆ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲ㑆㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ߦ᦭ᗧᏅߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷 ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ㧘ᒙⷞⵍ㛎ᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷⠪⟲ߣห᭽㧘࿖⺆ߣ⧷⺆ߪ㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ߣ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ߶߷㘃ૃߒ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷ߡ߅ࠅ㧘᦭ᗧᏅ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪઁߩ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺ࠖࠕ㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦㆃ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙቇߪ࠹ࠬ࠻࡮ࡔ࠺㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ࠖࠕ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧᏅߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷 ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߪ㧘3 ᢎ⑼౒ㅢߒߡㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠃࠅ߽᦭ᗧߦ㕖Ᏹߦㅦ޿੐߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬0     ࡑࡦ࡮ࡎࠗ࠶࠻࠾࡯ߩᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ㅦ޿߶߁߆ࠄ㗅ߦஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴㧘ᒙ

375    750
㧔ᢥሼ/ಽ㧕࿑ 㪋䋨㪉䋩㩷 ⧷⺆䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎⸃╵ㅦᐲ䈱ಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴෸߮ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩὐሼ໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ㧘
3 ᢎ⑼ߣ߽౒ㅢߒߡߔߴߡ᦭ᗧߦㅦ޿ߎߣ߇
⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬- 205 -⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߪ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ᬌቯ⚿ᨐ㩷ⷞⷡ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ὐሼ㩷ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߩ਄ࡅࡦࠫߦኻߔࠆ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߩ਄ࡅࡦ㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ࠫߩ୚₸ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒙⷞ㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷 ὐሼ໧㗴ߪ㧘࿖⺆߇ 3.0 ୚㧘⧷⺆߇ 3.7 ୚㧘ᢙቇ߇ 1.6 ୚ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷 ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ᜛ᄢᢥ㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷ሼ໧㗴ߪ㧘࿖⺆߇ 2.0 ୚ߣ 1.9 ୚㧘⧷⺆߇ 2.2⺒ሼ㓚ኂ㩷㩷 ᜛ᄢᢥሼ㩷୚ߣ 2.0 ୚㧘ᢙቇ߇ 1.6 ୚ߣ 1.4 ୚ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊝䊷䉻䊦㩷 ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩࡑ࡞࠴㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߪ㧘࿖⺆߇ 2.1 ୚ߣ 2.7 ୚㧘⧷⺆߇ 2.0 ୚ߣ 2.2 ୚㧘ᢙቇ߇ 1.4 ୚ߣ 1.4 ୚ஜᏱ㩷㩷 ㅢᏱᢥሼ㩷ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

㩷 ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㩷 ὐሼⵍ㛎⠪⟲࡮ᒙⷞⵍ㛎⠪⟲࡮⺒ሼ㓚ኂⵍ0    100    200
㧔ᢥሼ/ಽ㧕࿑ 㪋䋨㪊䋩㩷 ᢙቇ䈱䊁䉴䊃䊶䊜䊂䉞䉝೎⸃╵ㅦᐲ䈱ಽᏓ䈱▫䈵䈕࿑䈫 㪪㪺㪿㪼㪽㪽㪼 䈱ᄙ㊀Ყセ㛎⠪⟲࡮ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪ㧘࿖⺆߇ 3.7 ୚࡮3.2 ୚࡮4.6 ୚࡮2.9 ୚㧘⧷⺆߇ 4.8 ୚࡮4.9 ୚࡮6.1 ୚࡮3.3 ୚㧘ᢙቇ
߇ 1.5 ୚࡮1.6 ୚࡮2.0 ୚࡮1.3 ୚ߣផቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔3㧕⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߩផቯ 㓚ኂฃ㛎⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߩផቯ ⠨ኤᴺ ߇ ឭ ᩺ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 㧔 Fujiyoshi and ⹏ଔታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩὐሼ໧㗴ౠሶ෸߮

Fujiyoshi, 2003㧕‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߩ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆೙㒢ౝߦㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧㗴ౠሶߦട߃ߡ㧘ஜᏱฃ㛎⠪⟲߇೔㆐ߔࠆ㧘⸃╵⚳ੌ₸߹ߚߪߎߩ⚕╩࠹ࠬ࠻ᗵⷡߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍታᓧὐ෼ᓧ₸ߦ㧘㓚ኂฃ㛎⠪⟲߽೔㆐ߔࠆ߹ߢ↪ൻߔࠇ߫㧘ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪㧘㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮ߪ㧘㓚ኂฃ㛎⠪⟲ߦ߽╬ߒߊ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ࠍ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅ㧘ᢥሼ⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ᦭଻㓚ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ੌ⚳╵⸃ߩߎޕ‬ߔࠆߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃ㛎₸߹ߚߪᓧὐ෼ᓧ₸ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ஜᏱฃ㛎⠪⟲߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ⵍޕ‬㛎⠪⟲ߩߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߦኻߔࠆ㓚ኂฃ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⸃╵ቇ⠌೔㆐ᐲ߇ห⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ࠍ೙ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߩ୚₸ࠍ㧘⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߩផቯ୯㒢ߒߥ޿᧦ઙਅߢߪ࿖⺆࡮⧷⺆࡮ᢙቇߩ 3 ᢎߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⑼ߣ߽㓚ኂⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩὐሼ໧㗴㧘᜛ᄢᢥሼ໧ ߽ߒߎߩ⹜㛎ࠍࡄࡢ࡯࡮࠹ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡታᣉ㗴㧘ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴෸߮ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘ஜᏱฃ㛎⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⹜㛎ᤨ໧㗴ߪ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߣห⒟㑆ߪ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩ⸃╵⚳ੌ₸߇ 80㧑ߩᤨᐲߩᓧὐࠍ෼ᓧน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ࠍㆡᱜൻߔࠇ߫㧘㓚ኂฃ㛎 ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ⠪߽ஜᏱฃ㛎⠪ߣ౏ᐔߦฃ㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㑆ߩ਄ࡅࡦࠫߪ㧘⸃╵⚳ੌ₸ 75㧑ߩᤨߩ⸃╵⏕߆ߦ㧘ஜᏱⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߩㅢᏱᢥሼ໧㗴ߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ࠻ࠬ࠹࡮࡯ࡢࡄޕ‬ㄭ޿⸃╵ㅦᐲߪ᦭ᗧߦᣧ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘㓚ኂฃ㛎⠪ߦኻ⚳ੌ₸ 75㧑ߩᤨߩ⸃╵ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ࠍஜᏱฃ㛎ߔࠆ౏ᐔߥ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ࠍផቯߔࠇ߫⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ߣ઒ߦߔࠆߣ㧘㓚ኂฃ㛎

㧔Fujiyoshi and Fujiyoshi, 2003㧕㧘౏ᐔ߆ߟ- 206 -ㆡಾߥ⹜㛎ߩታᣉ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘⹜ߣࠎߤ⺒߼ߥߊߡ߽ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ߩⴕ㗡ࠍ਄߆㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߩផቯ୯߇ஜᏱฃ㛎⠪ߩ 2.5 ୚ࠄਅߦ㗅‫ߦޘ‬㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߢ࠲࠶࠴ߒߡ

ߥ޿ߒ 3 ୚ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ႐ว߽໧㗴಴㗴㊂ࠍㆡᱜ޿ߌ߫໧㗴ࠍ㖸ჿߢ⺒߻ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ൻߔࠇ߫⹜㛎ታᣉ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘ⴕ㗡એᄖߩછᗧߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⸥ภࠍ࠲࠶ ᓥ᧪ฃ㛎ࠍ޽߈ࠄ߼ߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚਛㅜ

࠴ߔࠇ߫ᒰ⹥ࠞᚲࠍ㖸ჿߢ⢻േ⊛ߦ⺒߻ߎߣᄬ᣿⠪㧘․ߦ㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮㊀ᐲߩ⺒ሼ㓚߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ㧘ὐሼࠍ߶ߣࠎߤ⺒߼ߥኂ⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃ㛎ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ߽޿ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪߽⸃╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩታ㛎ߢߪㅴቇ⹥ᒰᐕ㦂ጀ ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ࠍ૶↪ߔࠇ߫㧘㊀ᐲߩߩਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪㧘․ߦ㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߪ㧘ߘߩ㓚ኂߩ⒟ᐲߦ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߩⵍ㛎⠪ᢙ߇߈ࠊ߼ߡዋߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᔕߓߡ㧘ᢥሼߣ㖸ჿߩੑߟߩࡕ࠳࡝࠹ࠖ․ᕈߒ߆ߒ㧘྾ߟߩⵍ㛎⠪⟲ߣ߽໧㗴ߩṽሼ઒ฬࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ㧘໧㗴ࠍ⢻േ⊛ߦല₸ࠃߊ⺒߻ߎ੤ߓࠅᢥࠍ⺒߹ߥߊߡ߽ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ߦࠃߞߡὐሼ໧㗴෸߮ㅢᏱᢥሼ߹ߚߪ᜛ᄢᢥ ߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪ⹜㛎ታᣉߣ࠮ࠠࡘሼ໧㗴ߣห⒟ᐲߩᓧὐࠍขᓧน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࡝࠹ࠖ▤ℂ߇ኈᤃߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ౠሶߣ㖸ჿ IC ੹࿁㧘㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ㖸ჿߩౣ↢⹤ㅦࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߩੑߟࠍḰ஻ߒߐ߃ߔࠇ߫⹜㛎⋙〈ᐲࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆᯏ⢻߇ታⵝߐࠇߚߚ߼㧘⸃╵ߦ⠪ߪᢎ␜ߔࠆߛߌߢኈᤃߦ⹜㛎ࠍታᣉน⢻ߢ⠌ᾫߔࠇ߫⹤ㅦᐲ⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ㧘ࠃࠅ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘⹜㛎ታᣉ஥ߢ໧㗴ౠሶߣ㖸ჿല₸⊛ߦ⸃╵ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗࠍḰ஻ߔࠆߚ߼㧘࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ▤ ߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߪૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ૞ᚑน

ℂ߇ኈᤃߢ޽ࠆ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗߦ

⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਔ໧㗴ߪ㧘໧㗴ߩᢥᦠ᭴ㅧߩ⸃ᨆਇౕว߇⊒↢ߒߡ߽㧘੍஻ߩ߽ߩߦขࠅᦧ߃

ߣ 2 ᰴరࠦ࡯࠼ߩഀࠅઃߌ෸߮㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ߩ

ࠆߛߌߢ⹜㛎ࠍ⛮⛯น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬૞ᚑ߇౒ㅢൻߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬㖸ჿ IC ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ߽ 1 ৻ᣇ㧘࠲ࡉ࡟࠶࠻࡮ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲╬㧘ࡄ࠰

ᧄ 3 ජ౞⒟ᐲߣૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠦࡦ↹㕙⺒ߺ਄ߍᣇᑼߩ㖸ჿ಴㗴ߪ㧘⹜㛎ታᣉߣ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ▤ℂ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓚ኂ⠪ ⚿⺰ߪᣣ㗃૶޿ᘠࠇߚࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ૶↪߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᄢቇ౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩ࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨߎߩߚ߼㧘⹜㛎ታᣉ஥ߢή✢ LAN ߩ૶↪╬㧘࡞࡮࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥቶߢ㐿⊒ਛߩ㧘ᢥਇᱜⴕὑࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖ࠰ᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴෸߮ࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ࠍࡈ࠻ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ㧘੐೨ߦฃ㛎⠪߆ࠄࡄ࠰ࠦࡦታ↪ൻߢ߈ࠇ߫㧘ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪㧘㊀ᐲߩᒙⷞ⠪ࠍ㗍߆ࠅ㧘ࠗࡦࠬ࠻࡯࡞ߒߡ߅߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ෸߮⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߪ߽ߣࠃࠅᢥሼ⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ฃ㛎ਛ߽ਇᱜⴕὑߩ⋙ⷞ߇᳞߼ࠄ᦭ߔࠆߔߴߡߩฃ㛎⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩฃࠇࠆ‫ߦࡦࠦ࠰ࡄߒ߽ޕ‬ਇౕว߇⊒↢ߔࠇ߫㧘㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇⷗಴ߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ߚ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ౝߦᓳᣥߐߖࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߛනߦߘࠇߛߌߦߪ⇐߹ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ೋ╬࡮ਛ╬ ੹ᓟ㧘ฎᢥ߿ṽᢥ෸߮ᢙᑼ╬ߩᦶ⺒ᴺ㧘⡺ᢎ⢒Ბ㓏ߩᢥሼ⹺⍮ߦ㓚ኂࠍ᦭ߔࠆߔߴߡߩჿߦᦧ߃ߡวᚑ㖸ჿߩ೑↪ߩน⢻ᕈ㧘ᢎ⑼࡮ఽ┬࡮↢ᓤߦ㧘ஜᏱఽ┬࡮↢ᓤߣห᭽㧘ᄢቇ⑼⋡೎໧㗴૞ᚑᚻᒁ߈ᦠߩ㐿⊒㧘໧㗴ౠሶߣㅴቇߩ⋡ᮡࠍਈ߃㧘ቇ⠌ᗧ᰼ࠍ༐⿠ߒ㧘ቇജ㖸ჿ࠺࡯࠲ߩ૞ᚑ૞ᬺߩ⥄േൻ╬ࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

଻ᜬߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ㧘ߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩዉ౉ࠍ⚻ᷣ ᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫㖸ჿ໧㗴ࠍ૶↪ߔࠇ߫㧘ਛㅜᄬ⊛ߦน⢻ߣߔࠆὑ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩὐሼ໧㗴ߣ᜛ᄢᢥ᣿⠪ߣ㊀ᐲߩ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎╬ߩሼ໧㗴෸߮ߎߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ৻⽾૞ᚑฃ㛎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘ὐሼ߿ᢥሼ߇߶ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ㐿⊒ߒ㧘໧㗴ߩ⾰ߩะ਄ߣ૞ᚑ૞- 207 -ᬺߩวℂൻ෸߮ߩ࠮ࠠࡘ࡝࠹ࠖะ਄ߣᄢ᏷ߥ⮮⧐ ⴡ࡮⮮⧐᣿↢࡮㕍᧻೑᣿ 2010, ‫ޟ‬㊀ᐲࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫࠍ࿑ࠆ⸘↹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬3 ࠞᐕᓟࠍ⋡ߩ⺒ሼ㓚ኂ⠪෸߮ਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪ߩฃ㛎ࠍㅜߦታ↪ൻࠍ߼ߑߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬น⢻ߦߔࠆᢥᦠ᭴ㅧ⴫ᣇᑼߩ㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㐿⊒‫ޡޠ‬ᄢቇ౉⹜⎇ⓥࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞‫ޢ‬20:

⻢ㄉ131-138.

 ᧄ⎇ⓥߪᐔᚑ 20 ᐕᐲ㨪22 ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌

Fujiyoshi, M., Fujiyoshi, A., Aomatsu T.

⵬ഥ㊄ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ(B)(20300282)‫ޡ‬ᢥሼ⹺⍮㓚ኂ

(2010). “New Testing Method for the⠪ߩ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎ߩฃ㛎ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆࡃ࡯ࠦ

Dyslexic and the Newly Blind with a࡯࠼࡮࡝࡯࠳㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㐿⊒‫ࠍޢ‬ฃߌߡⴕߞ

Digital Audio Player and Document

ߚ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߚ

Structure Diagrams”, in K. Miesenbergerߛ޿ߚᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ෸߮ᄢቇ౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

et al. (Eds.): ICCHP 2010, Part I, LNCS౉ቇ⠪ㆬᛮ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ߦᔃ߆ࠄᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬

6179, Springer-Verlag: 116–123.
⮮⧐ ⴡ࡮ධ⼱๺▸࡮⮮⧐᣿↢࡮㕍᧻೑᣿࡮Ỉෳ⠨ᢥ₂

ፒ㓁ᒾ 2011, ‫⺒ޟ‬ሼ㓚ኂ⠪߅ࠃ߮㊀ᐲߩ

Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A. 2003,ᒙⷞ⠪ߩߚ߼ߩᢥሼߣ㖸ჿߩࡑ࡞࠴ࡕ

“Estimating testing time extension࡯࠳࡞໧㗴ߩ㐿⊒‫ޡޠ‬ᄢቇ౉⹜⎇ⓥࠫࡖ

ratios for students with disabilities࡯࠽࡞‫ޢ‬21: 181-190.

from item cumulative curves”, NewDevelopments
Proceedings

inofࠣ࡝࠶࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢᩣᑼળ␠ 2011,‫ޟ‬Grid Onputߩ᭎ⷐ‫ޠ‬http://www.gridmark.co.jp/sol/

Psychometrics:

theInternational

Meeting of the Psychometric Society

gridonput.html.
ᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ 2004,‫ޟ‬ㅢᏱߩቇ⚖ߦ࿷☋ߔࠆ․೎ߥᢎ⢒⊛ᡰេࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆఽ┬↢ᓤߦ㑐

IMPS 2001, 265-272.
⮮⧐ ⴡ࡮⮮⧐᣿↢ 2005, ‫ޟ‬มᴺ⹜㛎⍴╵ᑼߔࠆో࿖ታᘒ⺞ᩏ‫ ޠ‬http://www.mext.

⹜㛎ߩ࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨ࡞࡮࠺ࠩࠗࡦ㧙ὐሼ⹜

go.jp/b_menu/public/2002/021004c.htm.

㛎ߩ⹜㛎ᤨ㑆ᑧ㐳₸ߩផቯߣ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞

Mandinach,E.,

B.,

Bridgeman,B.,㖸ჿ໧㗴ߩ㐿⊒㧙‫ޡޠ‬ᄢቇ౉⹜⎇ⓥࠫࡖ

Cahalan-Laitusis, C. and Trapani C.

࡯࠽࡞‫ޢ‬15: 27-34.

2005, “The Impact of Extended Time on

Fujiyoshi, M. and Fujiyoshi, A. 2006, “ASAT® Test Performance”, College Board

new audio testing system for the newlyResearchblind and the learning disabled to take

RR-05-20, 1-35.

theNationalReportNo.

2005-8,ETSCenterTestforAdmissions”,inK.

“Eligibility issues and comparable time

Miesenberger et al. (eds.), ICCHP 2006,

limits for disabled and nondisabled SAT

LNCS4061, Springer-Verlag: 801-808.

examinees”,

UniversityRagosta,⮮⧐ ⴡ࡮⮮⧐᣿↢࡮Ỉፒ㓁ᒾ 2006, ‫ޟ‬ᄢቇ

M.,andETSWendler,

ResearchC.

1992,

Report,RR-92-35, 1-33.

౉⹜࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⹜㛎ߩ࡙࠾ࡃ࡯ࠨ࡞࡮࠺ࠩSmythe I., and Everett, J. (⮮ၴᩕሶ⸶)ࠗࡦ㧙ቇ⠌㓚ኂ⠪ߣਛㅜᄬ᣿⠪ߩฃ㛎

2002, “Checklist for adults with dyslexia”,

ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞㖸ჿ໧㗴಴㗴ࠪThe Dyslexia Handbook 2002 by Theࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⹏ଔ㧙‫ޡޠ‬ᄢቇ౉⹜⎇ⓥࠫࡖ࡯

British Dyslexia Association, 103-106.

࠽࡞‫ޢ‬17: 57-64.

- 208 -