Urbanization andWater Quality Control
for the Source ofWaterin Jakarta

Socio Economical and Natural Condition
A City with the population of 9,1 millions
Population Density Spread:•Central Jakarta 9.78 %,•South Jakarta 23.2 %,•East Jakarta 26.55%,•West Jakarta 24.08%,•North Jakarta 15.96%.
The density of Jakarta reaches
13.826/km2
Annual Precipitation on the year 2008
reached = 1.949,1 mm

In 2007, GRP (Growth Regional Domestic Product) was Rp. 566.45 trillion(US$ 60.26 million).
The largest contributions to GDRP was by•finance, ownership and business services (28.7%);•trade, hotel and restaurant sector (20.4%),•manufacturing industry sector (15.97%).
59,95 % Can access water tapped system

Quantity and Quality Water Sources
Name

Surface water

Volume ofVolume ofavailable water (m3) abstracted water (m3)

270,877,502

Waduk Bahagia,
Kebon Melati,
Setiabudi
Etc..

Beneficial Use

1.
2.
3.
4.

Domestic : 65.67 %Industry : 4.73 %Agruculture : 3.55 %Others: 26.05 %Surface water Ciliwung, 164.008.868
Kamal dll

Groundwater

309,155,435

Water quality(domestic, industry, agriculture)(%)
Fair to Good

Some area from Poor toGood conditions

1. Domestic : 89.27 %2. Industry : 21.18 %3. Agruculture : 4. Others: 8.55 %Good on 40 m or below

Groundwater
Potential groundwater from rain 800 million /m3 a year
• 760 million/m3 a year flows to theshallow layers of the aquifers.
• The rest 40 million/m3 a year flows
to the deepest layer of the aquifers.
• Groundwater that came from themountains is 37million/m3 a year

Good Condition40 m

Surface Water– Lake/Reservoir• There are 40 sites in Jakarta. In south Jakarta alone witch 7 of these sites orlocated with the length 66.5 ha, 3 sites in Central Jakarta with the lenght of
7.4 ha,12 in North Jakarta with the length of 179.5 ha,2 in West Jakarta withthe length of 5 ha, and 16 in East Jakarta with the length of 66.9 ha.
• The condition of those sites: 19% in a managed condition, 14% in an
unmanaged condition, and 5 % have dried out• Mostly, the condition of these sites are poluted by households and industrial
waste– River
13 river system flows through Jakarta City witch started upstream in West Javaand ended downstream in Jakarta Bay. By then the rivers of Jakarta became
the last dump site of a variety of wastes from upstream of the rivers.

Effluent Load to the Sources
Land use around watersources• mostly covered by buildup areas and less green
areas• Used for domestic waste
landfill in Jakarta

Major Problem isstarted fromupstream Ciliwung

Estimated Efflunet load to thewater sources per sector
reaches 8,640,000 m3/day.

BOD load to the water source
33.82 tons /hourThe situation of domestic wastewater tretament in the areas without
access to central domestic wastewater teratment plant

Almost Jakarta residence does
not have wastewater teratment.
Usually they dispose domestic
waste direct to the ground orriverCurrently a pilot project at the Petojo
area, Central Jakarta, consisting of
Public Toilet equipped with theDecentralized Wastewater Treatment
System (DE‐WATS) technology, whichworks by processing the waste water
witch contains the E‐Coli bacteria andsoap into a more safer andmanageable waste water instead ofpolluted waterThis pilot project will be put
into service in other areas
around Jakarta.

Current measure on quality control for the water source
Water quality standard
water quality standart for the source, effluent quality standard
DKI Jakarta Governer decree No 582 year 1995 about On thequotition dan quality standard of the river water and water resevoirs, andthe quality standards of pollution in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Area
The use of water base on groups;
 Group A : Water that is used for drinking water without any
puryfing done.
 Group B : Water that is used as the primary drinking water Group C : Water that is used on husbandry Group D : Water that is used on farmstead, power plants andbusiness.

Situation of quality monitoring for the water source– Ground Water
Done by the BPLHD at least once a year (2008)– Surface Water• LakeFor the surface water, is done on the first week of July
until the first week of September• River
Twice during July and December, 13 rivers and 66
monitoring points

Current Measures on Quality Control for the Water Sources•

Lowering the level of pollution from the industry using the Clean River Program.

•Gradually relocate the housing on the riverbeds and restoring it as a green road.

•Planting trees with strong roots to prevent erosion.

•In the domestic level by building a septic tank with a filter system and building aplaned sewerage system.

•To create public awarness about water resources and the creation of wells absorb
or biopores•

Adding more frequent monitoring and monitoring point of water resources

Current issues on quality control for the water source

Undevelop legal system
and Low Enforcement of
Water Quality

Officialy the laws on the development and mangement on water resources
are already made and most can be implemented.
However due to the insufficiant resources in maintaining and enforcement ,causes the management and monitoring of water resources to be lessefective and many cases of polution becomes unhandledUncontrolled landuse around the source of water

In the year 2008, 31 areas in Jakarta’s river banks areused as living spaces

Uncontrolled landuse around the source of water

The furthur downstream,
the more congested
Currently it is estimated that
there is around 21.332
households in the area.

Effluent disharge fromsmall communities orslum near reservoir

Most communities near and aroundwater resevoirs continues todischarge effluent into river/water
resevoirs

Groundwater polluton due to domestic wastewater discharge fromseptictank
Jakarta have more then one
million septic tanks.
Approximetly 60 % of houses in
the city poses wells not 10
meters away from the septictanks. The spill‐out from these
septic tanks causes the groundwater to become poluted andendangering those who uses thewater.
From the research done by theIndonesia
Sanitation
SectorDevelopment Program (ISSDO),
70% of ground water in Jakarta is
contaminated by human waste orother bacteria like E‐coli.

Low coverage ratio of tapped water system or domestic
wastewater treatment system
The main problem that drinking water providers in Jakarta during the preperation ofpurifying the drinking water, around 50.23% of source water is lost.

Distributions :No

Customer

Qty

Vol (M3 /Yr)

1

Domestic

659,694

15,622

2

Industry

84,8735,280

3

Hospital

1,286

737

4

Hotel

272

893

5

Others

9,430

2,448

It caused by the management that has not been optimized as of yetDue to the difficulty inobtaining the crucial purifying
materialsthe low realization of thepeople to help take care of
the clean drinking water
facility.

Low environment awarness of resident near the source of water andSolid waste discharge to the source of water
Thelowsocial
awareness in taking careof their community canbe seen by the amountof waste that thesecommunitys
directly
dump their waste into
the river.

At least 76,383 cubic metersof garbage are transported
every day from a number ofriver that flows in Jakarta

Thank You

Aksa Tejalaksana
Sub Head Section of Clearinghouse