By Phengkhamla PHONVISAI
Director of Legislation and Information
Pollution Control Department, MONRE
21-23 Jan 2014
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Outline of Presentation
BackgroundInventories of industrial wastewaterChallenges and obstacles
Conclusions and Recommendations

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Country Information
Area (km2)

236,800

Population

About 7 m (2013)

Mean annual precipitation (mm)1,600

Renewable water resources (m3)

270 billion

Total water withdrawal (m3)

5.7 billion

Water use by sectors

Agriculture

90%

Industry

6%

Domestic

4%
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Industrial/Factory in Lao PDR
454 Large scale582 Medium scale9,157 Small scale27,903 Household business(sources: MOIC, 2013)
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Background Industrial waste is the most common source of water pollution in

the present day and it increases yearly due to the fact that industries
are increasing because Lao PDR is getting industrialized.
 Industrial wastewater originates from the wet nature of industries
which require large quantities of water from processing anddisposal of wastes.
 Most industries are therefore, located near water sources.
 Wastewater from industries includes employees’ sanitary waste,
process wastes from manufacturing, wash waters and relativelyuncontaminated water from heating and cooling operations.
 Generated wastewater management from major industries in clued: Wastewater from production processes,
 Wastewater from cleaning trucks, and machinery Domestic wastewater from toilets and Rainwater
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State of Water Resources•There are 12 tributaryof Mekong River.
•Contribute 35% toMekong River.

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Inventories of industrial wastewater Currently, Lao PDR is setting the National system fordata collection and situation of data accumulation in
sector of industrial wastewater.
 Large Factories: Specified facilities with a volume ofeffluent more than 10,000 m3/day must have pollution
control managers who are qualified by the relevant law.
 SMEs: Reporting and guidance by local environmental
authorities Subject to monitoring and inspection by
provincial authorities (Environmental Unit andIndustrial sector).
 Relocation to industrial parks with collective
treatment systems.
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Industrial Response
National
government

Effluent standard
PlanInspection
Factories
Sewage tariff
Local
government

Tax incentive

Self monitoring

Inspection
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Wastewater Discharge system in Lao PDR
Sub-Catchment Area
Domestic wastewater andCommercial wastewatar(Night soil and Gray water)

Point Load

Upstream

Runoff Coefficient =BOD
Load

SepticTank

BOD load reaches
the receiving water

Upstream

BODLoadFactories
Treatedwastewater

BOD Load

BOD
LoadBODLoadHouses

BOD load decreases due tosedimentation, absorption and /ordecomposition

BOD load flows into a receivingwater, which is depends on land use.
This coefficient is bigger in city area
than that of in suburban or rural area.

BOD
Load

BOD
Load

BOD
Load

BODLoadBOD Load

BOD Load

BOD Load

Self-purification Rate =BOD
Load

BODLoadBODLoad

Dirt and dustin urban area

BOD
Load

Natural pollution load
(paddy/vegetable field, forest area)

Self-purification rate depends on river
length and travel time. The longer theriver length and travel time are, thebigger the rate becomes.

Livestock

Non-Point Load

BOD load decreases
due to sedimentation,absorption and /ordecomposition
BOD
Load

BOD
Load

BOD Load

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Strategy Approach for Industrial Wastewater management Basic Policy formulated by National Government Decentralized enforcement system operated byLocal authorities Technical expertise accumulated in province anddistrict
 Environmental Research and Monitoring Centers
 Automated monitoring Financial assistance to SMEs
 Tax incentives
 Public investment in industrial Park10

Lao PDR Approach Inspection and Monitoring
Specified Facilities

Environmental Office ofProvince and district

Effluent

On-site Inspection

Public Waters

Environmental
Monitoring

Non-Compliance

Order Remedy

Penalty
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Challenges and obstacles
 Inadequate legal framework and unclear institutional

responsibilities.
 Wastewater from industrial/factories operations aredischarged directly to natural environment.
 Lack of access and monitoring of wastewater services(Laboratory for waster quality analysis.
 Lack of awareness among local authorities on the benefitsof improved wastewater.
 Lack of capacity among public institutions in wasterenvironment management.
 Lack of information sharing.
12Conclusion and Recommendation
 Formulate the model of industrial wastewater management system

within clear mandate and responsibility of both national and localauthorities.
 Formulate a basic plan for the integrated development of industry atnational level, and conceptual design for an industrial park isneeded in main cities such as Vientiane capital, Savanaket andPakse province.
 Technical expertise assistant for local authorities.
 Setup the Environmental Research and Monitoring Centers inregional (three part).
 Setup the laboratory for wastewater analysis in central and regional.
 Automated monitoring .
 Formulate the collection, inventory and database managementsystem.
 Information sharing system.
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Thank You for Your Attention
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