FNCA 2021 Study Panel AQUATIC SESSION

Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques for Blue
Carbon Study Related to Climate Changein Indonesia
Totti Tjiptosumirat and Ali Arman Lubis

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCYINDONESIA
3-4 March 2021
alilubis@batan.go.id

INTRODUCTION : CLIMATE CHANGE

INDONESIA: Country overview•

Distribution of Coral reefs,
Mangrove and Seagrasswww.batan.go.id

Indonesia is a vast tropicalarchipelago with more than 17,000
islands, 81,000 km of coastline, with1/3 of land and 2/3 marine.
• Population of 257.6 million and 42million people living on low-lyingland.
• Biodiversity of Coral reefs (CoralTriangle Initiative), Mangrove andSeagrass.

2CLIMATE

Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)• Rainfall ranging from 1800 – 3200 mm.
• Temperature varies little by season,
average annual 230C.
• Climate is strongly influenced by El Niño
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), warmer anddrier weather in El Nino years and colder
and wetter weather in La Nina years, andalso IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole)(Source: Shanmugam, G, Geo-Mar Let 2011)

PROJECTED CLIMATE by 2050:• Increased temperature of 0.8 – 2.00C.
• Increased frequency (3-23 %) andintensity (2-7%) heavy rainfall events• Sea level rise of 150 – 450 mm
www.batan.go.idIMPACTS• Degradation/loss of mangrove andincreased coral bleaching.
• Decreased marine biodiversity and fishpopulations• Increased rate of coastal erosion• Decreased viability of fishing livelihoods
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NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
1. President Commitment made at the G20 Meeting (Pittsburgh) and
COP15 (Copenhagen) on Indonesia GHG Emission in 2020

2. UNFCCC COP 21 in2015 Paris Agreement
to reduce the emission
at least 29% in 2030.

www.batan.go.id

3. Indonesia Medium Term Development
Plan (RPJMN 2020-2024) launched the Low
Carbon Development Indonesia initiative,
which is the first low carbon development
plan in Indonesia
4BLUE CARBON
BLUE CARBON: Biological carbon captured by coastal-marine livingorganisms through photosynthetic process (ex. Mangroves, Seagrass,Seaweed and Chlorophyll)

Credit; UNEP

• Indonesia; about 23 % all mangrove ecosystems in the world.
• Mangroves are carbon-rich ecosystems that can hold up to threetimes as much carbon per hectare as terrestrial forests and about
80% are stored in the sediment.
www.batan.go.id5➢ Coastal ecosystems: mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrasses➢ Benefits: mitigation and adaptation to the impacts of climate change by
sequestering and storing significant amounts carbon, from theatmosphere and oceans.
➢ The services from coastal ecosystems: are essential for climate
adaptation and resilience along coasts;o Protection from storm surge and sea level rise.
o Erosion prevention along shorelines.
o Nutrient recycling.
o Sediment trapping.
o Habitat provision for numerous commercially important andendangered marine species,o Food security for many coastal communities

www.batan.go.id

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UTILIZATION/APPLICATION NUCLEAR TECH.
The research is to provide the information on the flux of organiccarbon and its sources in the coastal ecosystems through theApplication of Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques for Identifying
and Characterizing Sources of Blue Carbon.

1. IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM:• Research on the Blue Carbon in the Coastal
Mangrove and Seagrass• The research is by conducted in the fieldand analysis in the laboratory.
• Fieldwork by doing transect of mangrove as
well as seagrass to quantify the amount oforganic carbon above ground.
•www.batan.go.id7

1. IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM (cont):• Fieldwork & lab by doing sediment coring to quantify theamount of carbon stock as well as carbon accumulation rates
below ground by using environmental isotope Pb-210 and/or
C-14.
• For identification of the sources of the organic carbon can bedone by analysis of Stable Isotopes (C-13 and N-15) insediment core.
• Finally, by combining the data of above and below ground,
we can quantify the carbon stock and the sources for acertain period depend on the dating techniques.
2.

SUBJECT OF MONITORING; coastal/marinewww.batan.go.id

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3. Any challenges in its implementation;• Conducting transect of mangrove and seagrass.
• Analysis of sediment for carbon flux in sedimentand the dating techniques (using• Pb-210 and C-14).
• More challenging in analyzing C-14 by AMS as
only a few country have facility.

4. PUBLICATION OF RESULTS; the result of the study will besubmitted to the government as a recommendation for theclimate mitigation and adaptation. The publication is also inthe journals
www.batan.go.id

06/03/2017

95. COLLABORATION;• IAEA Technical Cooperation Project INS7008 “Applying Nuclearand Isotopic Techniques for Identifying and Characterizing Sourcesof Blue Carbon in Coastal Ecosystems”• IAEA RCA RAS7031 “Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal
Landscapes and Ecosystems to Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change(RCA)”• ANSTO “The lake archives from the tropics, with a main focus on
the variability of the monsoon system over the past 10,000 years”.

www.batan.go.id

10Thank you

www.batan.go.id

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