Aviation and Environment
Workshop Nov. 5, 2014

R & D Activities in Japan forImproved Air Traffic System（航空管制システム変革のための我が国における研究開発）- For Promoting Carbon Neutral Growth -Kazuo YAMAMOTOElectronic Navigation Research Institute(ENRI, Japan)

1. What is ENRI?
 Electronic Navigation Research Institute Established in1967 as a national laboratory
 Major research fund comes from Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure, Transport & Tourism
 Budget: ¥1.8 billion ~ $16 million (2014,including personnel cost) Personnel: 63 (44 researchers)
http://www.enri.go.jp/index.shtml
2Address:2-24-6 Jindaiji Higashi-machi, Chofu, Tokyo 1820012

 Major research areas ATM (Air Traffic Management) Navigation systems and its operation
 Surveillance, Communication & Avionics

 Major roles of ENRI

(1) Improvement of present CNS/ATM
Systems in Japan operated by JCAB
(2) R, D and Test for future aviation systems(3) Contribution to establishing technicalstandards for future aviation systems
3 Facilities
 Radio Anechoic

 Experimental

AircraftChamber

KingAir 350

 Experimental

Mode-S Radar
4 An advantage of ENRI
 Many collaborators in the world
a. University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis(~40)

Precision radar systems
PhD educationb. NASAFlight safety studyc. Korea Aerospace Research InstituteGNSS landing system

d. Kyusyu University
Optimum flight trajectorye. Ministry of communication
5

New Generation Communication System

2. Air Traffic: Today and near future
 Big traffic increase in airspace/airport
 More competitive environment by LCCs,
Bullet Trains Convenient and Quality Service
 Reduction of operation cost
 Reduction of environmental impact
 Safety is the First!

Above is true all over the world!

6 Major projects going in the world- Taking into account present airtraffic …
* Next Generation Air TransportationSystem

 NextGen*

SESAR** and CARATS***Time Based Operation: Initial 4D; full 4DT*4
Wide Area Data Link: CDM; SWIM*5
Satellite Based Navigation: GBAS, SBAS
Enhanced airborne system: ADS-B; ASAS
7** Single EuropeanSky ATM Research *** Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems*4 Four DimensionalTrajectory based operation*5 SystemWide InformationManagement Full 4DT?, SWIM?

Informationexchange

Business
Trajectories

Safe & Smooth
Merging

Separation assurance

Air & Grounddata linkLimitedspace & time

Timely trajectory
update Strict time based
operation as train
diagram8 A set up to share operation
information with all theparties concerned ICAO “Global Air Navigation Plan”
and “ASBU”ICAO ASBU*

9*Aviation System
Block Upgrade(1) Airport operation,(2) Globally Interoperable Systems & Data,(3) Optimum Capacity and Flexible Flights,(4) Efficient Flight Path.

3. Major R & D Activities in ENRI
(1) Efficient Ground traffic
 Airport surface traffic management
ENRI has been analyzing Haneda and Narita airport traffic
to locate traffic bottleneckTaxiing Speed
010203040 km/hFrom the airport traffic data,“Surface Trajectory Simulator”
has been developed
Block-outTaxiingtimequeue

Queuing time
Take offTime

Block out time management is effective tomitigate congestion
10

We are developing Smart Surface Management!

(2) Efficient landing Development of Prototype GBAS and new

operation procedures for GBAS

Our GBAS has a feature of Ionosphere Interference tolerance
Accuracy, availability and reliability weretested at Kansai andIshigakiAirport
Success!
Approach paths generated by ILS andGBAS has been compared by B787
flight simulator
Better path alignment by GBAS
than by ILS based approach
11Differentpaths
Kansai Airport

Safe and efficient landing can be attained by GBAS!

(3) Runway throughput improvement
 Millimeter wave radar network system
ENRI has been developing a world first optical fiber based
millimeter wave radar network for airport foreign object
detection CFRP
CFRP parabolicreflector(56 g weight,40 dBi @ 76 GHz)

ParabolicReflector

RadarDebris
Antenna
MMW Unit

Targets

12

RadiatorPrimary source(open-ended waveguide)

Radar Scope

Radar

Coverage, Accuracy
Reliability and Cost areevaluated

Basic performance has been demonstrated!

(4) Increased Interoperability, Efficiency
and Capacity
 Mini-Global Demonstration (MGD)

MGD is a project to demonstratethe environment of flightand flow information sharing and the utility of SWIM.
ENRI has become a member of the demonstration groupand prepared a scenario of oceanic flight to and from Japan

Boundary
Coordination

Flight hand off13

Demonstration

Demonstration has been a great success!

(5) Efficient ground traffic data sharing Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication

System (AeroMACS)

AeroMACSis a new generation high speed Air and Grounddata link based on MiMAX(IEEE 802.16) technology
ENRI has developed a world first prototype for evaluation~ 5Mbps~ 3Mbps~ 1Mbps~ 0.1Mbps (Expected speed)
14Transmitter

The prototype has satisfied design specification!

(6) Optimum Capacity and Flexible Flights
 Application of Interval Management (IM)

IM is an ASAS* Application. In IM, aircraft
keeps separation with each other by its
ASAS capability.
ATCO takes that role now!

RunwayENRI is analyzing the possibility of
introducing IM in Tokyo terminal air

SPICA** Simulator has beendeveloped for the analysis* Aircraft Surveillance Application System** Spacing time Intervals of arrival aircraft ConductingASAS IM15

Feasibility of ASAS and normal flight merging has
been demonstrated

(7) Optical fiber based surveillanceConnecTed Passive Development & test of OCTPASS* *Optically
Surveillance System
OCTPASS is an optical fiber based aircraft locating systemusing Multi-laterationtechnology.

Antenna A

Antenna C

Performance test was
conducted at Sendai Airport

SSR transponder

Optical fibers
Antenna B

FlightTrajectory
Airport16

Interference tolerable, accurate and competitive cost.
Coverage has been extended to Terminal area!

(8) Efficient & environment-friendly operation
 RNP-AR* operation Performance and Safety
ENRI has been analyzing the validity of RNP-AR operationin Japanese Airports and its safety.
* RNPAuthorization Required

Performance indices:
Course flexibility,
Environmental
impact, Flight time
reduction, Capacity
Safety estimation
for RNP-AR andnormal mixed
operations

17

Less flight course and time uncertainty,
Separate analysis by each airport is necessary

4. Other Challenges for future air
traffic systems in Japan (1)(1) Impact of wake vortex turbulence
ENRI and JAXA are now cooperating to predict the impact
of wake turbulence on approaching aircraft Wake turbulence measurement technologies
 Visualization of turbulence New GBAS operation to mitigate the impact
 Modification of present wake turbulence separation
rules

18

wake vortex turbulence Other Challenges in Japan (2)(2) Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)Many organizations including ENRI,JAXA are now working hard to enable
practical UAS operations
 Co-existence of manned aircraft and UAS in airspace Dependable UAS and ground communication link
 Sense and Avoid of flight obstacles(3) ATCO task analysis
ENRI and some universities are now collaborating todevelop ATCO’s workload estimation tool
 Empirical based task analysis and classification
 Visualization of the results for workload estimation
 Application of the tool to ATCO training
195. Conclusions
What is ENRI?
What is going on in present aviation society?
ICAO GANP, NextGEN, SESAR and CARATS
Major R & D projects and results in ENRI
Some other important R & D topics

20

Anticipation is a key feature for ENRI
to exist as global performance!