Contents

1. Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)˙Chairperson’s Summary of the Third Meeting ·of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
˙Program of the 3rd Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia··
˙List of Participants ·1-1 Opening Session
1-1-1 Welcoming Remarks ·1-1-2 Congratulatory Remarks ·1-1-3 Opening Address ·1-2 Session 1: Country Report1-2-1 Australia ·1-2-2 China ·1-2-3 Indonesia ·1-2-4 Japan ·1-2-5 Korea ·1-2-6 Malaysia ·1-2-7 The Philippines ·1-2-8 Thailand ·1-2-9 Viet Nam ·1-3 Session 2: Round Table Discussion
1-3-1 Lead-Off Comments on ‘Strategy ·for Human Resources Development’
1-3-2 Lead-Off Comments on ·‘Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy’

1-4 Presentation: Improving Human Welfare
through Partnership and Integrated Technologies

2. Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
˙Summary Report of the Third Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)·
2-1 Agenda of the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)of the third FNCA Meeting
2-2 Report to the third FNCA Meeting
2-2-1 Report on the 3rd FNCA Coordinators·

Meeting and Progress of FNCA Projects
2-2-2 Management and Operation of FNCA Activities ·Chairperson’s Summary

Chairperson’s Summary of the Third Meeting of
the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
1. The Third Meeting of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
(FNCA) was held in Seoul, Korea in the 30th-31st of October 2002
under the basic theme ‘Atoms for the Next Generation’. Ministers
and Senior Officials responsible for the peaceful nuclear research,development and utilization from nine Asian countries - Australia,
the People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic ofKorea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam participated in the meeting. Observers from the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA) and a regional organization also participated.
The Third FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting began with the
Welcoming Address by Dr. Young Bok Chae, Minister of Scienceand Technology, Korea, followed by the Congratulatory Address by
Mr. Hiroyuki Hosoda, Minister of State for Science and Technology
Policy, Japan, and the Opening Address by Professor Yoichi Fuji-ie,
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of Japan. The Chairperson,
Dr. Chang-Kun Lee, Commissioner, Atomic Energy Commission of
Korea, reiterated the basic spirit of the FNCA by revisiting the
FNCA Vision Statement and Goals.
2. Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu, Deputy Director General for Science andTechnology Policy of Cabinet Office of Japan reported the summaryof the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) that was held the previous day.
The summary report indicated the progresses of on-going FNCA
cooperative projects, and also highlighted three new projects, i.e.,‘Application of Electron Beam Accelerator,’ ‘Tc-99m Generator
Production’ and ‘Bio-Fertilizer.’ These three new projects werebasically approved at the SOM in Tokyo in 2001, and have alreadybeen initiated since 2002. Another new project on ‘Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy in Asia’ was reported for final
endorsement at the Third FNCA MM. As for the new project on the‘Asian Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (AINST)’, it wasagreed that this proposal should be reexamined in the light ofdiscussions at the roundtable meeting on Human ResourceChairperson’s Summary

Development summarized under point 5 below with particularconsideration on the IAEA’s planned initiation of the International
Nuclear University (INU). The proposed project on ‘Marine
Environmental Pollution Research’ was endorsed but subject torevision not to duplicate RCA activities. With this report, the SOM
Summary Report was duly adopted at the MM.
3. Each FNCA Country presented its respective country report at
Session 1 in the morning of the 31st of October 2002. The Session
was co-chaired by the Minister of Science and Technology of Korea
and the Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission of Japan. The
reports covered various endeavors of peaceful nuclear programs ineach country including the latest progress of nuclear research anddevelopment, together with recent policy developments. After
reviewing FNCA activities in the previous years, the participating
countries expressed appreciation for the tangible progress ofactivities, and paid attention to the future cooperation within the
FNCA framework. In the country reports, various issues werecovered. Subsequent questions, answers and comments covered
the following topics:! The vision of the FNCA that nuclear energy should be usedstrictly for peaceful purposes in the framework of NPT, and theforthcoming meeting in Japan on the universalization of theAdditional Protocol for Safeguards,! Concern regarding the news on North Korean nuclear weapons
program and the strong hope that the matter should be resolved
peacefully and as early as possible,! An Asian Mutual Fund for nuclear liability,! Nuclear knowledge preservation particularly for the young
generation, and other matters of concern.
At the meeting, all delegates reiterated the importance ofcooperation among the FNCA Countries following the FNCA’s
goals set by the member countries for the benefits of a better life ina more comfortable environment.

Chairperson’s Summary

4. In the afternoon session, a representative from IAEA (Mr. M.N.
Razley, Section Head, East Asia and the Pacific Section, Departmentof Technical Cooperation) who participated in this meeting as anobserver, delivered a presentation on “Improving Human Welfare
through Partnership and Integrated Technologies.” Mr. Razely
introduced some of the IAEA’s efforts to benefit the FNCA countries,
particularly to the Asia-Pacific Region that the nuclear techniques
could provide.
5. At the Round Table Discussion, the FNCA Countries expressed theirviews and made comments on two topics, namely: ‘Strategy for
Human Resources Development (HRD)’, and ‘Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy.’ The first roundtable discussion
topic entitled ‘Strategy for HRD’ was introduced by Mr. K. W. Han(Head of the Nuclear Training Center at Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute). The leadoff speaker emphasized the necessity
for nuclear knowledge preservation as a preparatory measure forinducing the second nuclear Renaissance. This view gained otherdelegates’ consensus along with the additional comments that
continuous effort should be made to develop human resources in
keeping abreast with today’s needs and modus operandi. In
particular, the following issues were considered important:! Promotion of the exchange of information on human resources
development strategies in connection with nuclear knowledge
management,! Development of programs for attracting the young generation to
nuclear science and technology,! Harmonization of different interests in technical areas,! Formulation of an Asian network of higher education andtraining in nuclear technology for the preparation of theestablishment of the International Nuclear University in the
future,! Cooperation and interaction with other regions for humanresources development.

Chairperson’s Summary

In addition, it was suggested that a survey on available humanresources with a clearly targeted direction and the future resourceneed be carried out in FNCA countries, which will provide valuable
data for the development of HRD strategy. After further discussion,
it was agreed that a high level task group be formed to further scope
the potential activities under this topic.
6. Another topic ‘Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy’ wasintroduced for the roundtable discussion by Japan (Mr. T. Endo,
Vice-Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of Japan).
He
presented an assessment on the utilization of nuclear energy both topower and non-power applications as its contribution to thesustainable development in the modern society. He further added thatthe proper use of nuclear energy can realize the achievement of the
3E’s: ‘Energy security’, ‘Environmental protection’ and ‘Economic
growth’. Many delegates shared the same view with these points that
Mr. T. Endo made. Delegates recognized again the close relationshipbetween energy supply and sustainable development. Manydelegates expressed the view that nuclear energy would be one of themost important energy sources in the present and beyond. The
relationship between the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
and nuclear energy was discussed, and it was acknowledged thatfurther studies including the proposed project could provide a firm
platform for future considerations.
7. The fourth FNCA meeting is scheduled in Autumn 2003 in Japan.

Program

Program of the Third Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
(3rd FNCA)

1) Date:Thursday, October 31, 2002
2) Place: ASEM Hall, COEX, Seoul, Korea
3) Sponsored by: The Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) of Korea
The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Cabinet Office of Japan4) Supported by: The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS)The Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH)
The Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company (KHNP) andThe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT) of Japan
5) In Cooperation with: Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (JAIF)
6) Basic Theme: “Atoms for the Next Generation ”
7) Working Language: English

Thursday, October 31

Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)09:00-09:30
09:30-09:50

Registration
Opening Session
Chair: Dr. Chang Kun Lee
Commissioner, The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Korea- Welcome Address:
H.E. Dr. Young Bok Chae
Minister of Science and Technology- Congratulatory Remarks:
H.E. Mr. Hiroyuki Hosoda
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy- Opening Address:
Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan

Program- Taking Memorial Photo
09:50-10:00

Report: “Progress of FNCA Activities and the Reportfrom the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)”
Chair: Dr. Chang Kun Lee
Commissioner, The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Korea
Report: Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office of Japan

10:00-12:00

Session 1: Country Report- Nuclear Research and Development Policy of the Country and
FNCA Activities
Co-Chairs:(Part I) Korea: H.E. Dr. Young Bok Chae
Minister for Science and Technology(Part II) Japan: Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie, Chairman, AEC of Japan

10:00-10:40 Country Report (Part I)
10:00-10:10 Australia
10:10-10:20 China
10:20-10:30 Indonesia
10:30-10:40 Japan
10:40-10:50
Coffee Break
10:50-12:00
Country Report (Part II)
10:50-11:00 Korea
11:00-11:10 Malaysia
11:10-11:20 The Philippines
11:20-11:30 Thailand
11:30-11:40 Vietnam
11:40-12:00 Discussion
12:00-13:30

Lunch hosted by H.E. Mr. Hiroyuki Hosoda
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy< Lunch: at Room 203, 2nd floor, COEX >< Lunch for Head Delegates: at Room 208A, 2nd floor, COEX >Program

13:30-13:45

Presentation: “Improving Human Welfare through Partnership andIntegrated Technologies”.
Mr.Mohd.Nordin Razley
Section Head for Division of Africa and East Asia and the Pacific
The International Atomic Energy (IAEA)

13:45-15:15

Session 2: Round Table Discussion
Topic 1: Strategy of Human Resources Development
Moderator: Dr. Chang Kun Lee, Commissioner, AEC of Korea
Lead-off Speaker: Dr. Kyung Won Han
Head of Nuclear Training Center
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute15:15-15:30
15:30-17:00

Coffee BreakSession 2 (Cont.)
Topic 2: Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy
Moderator and Lead-off Speaker:
Mr. Tetsuya Endo, Vice-Chairman, AEC of Japan

17:00-17:15
17:15-17:30

Coffee BreakClosing Session
Chair: Dr. Chang Kun Lee, Commissioner, AEC of Korea
1) Chairman’s Summary2) Closing Remarks: Korea
3) Remarks: Mr. Tetsuya Endo, Vice-Chairman, AEC of Japan

19:20

Dinner jointly hosted by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
of Korea and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan< at Restaurant in Korea House >List of Participants

List of Participants

Australia

Prof. Helen Margaret Garnett
Exective Director
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)

China

H.E. Mr. Zhang Huazhu
ChairmanChina Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)Mr. Zhang Jing
Director
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
Mr. Yang Changli
Director
Dept. of International Cooperation
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)
Mr. Feng Yi
Director
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
Mr. Li Xiang
Chief Officer
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
Mr. Lu Xiaoming
Secretary of the Chairman
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
Ms. Zhang Shaoping
Official
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

List of ParticipantsIndonesia

Dr. Soedyartomo Soentono
ChairmanNational Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)
Dr. Hudi Hastowo
Deputy Chairman for Development of Nuclear Technology and Energy
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)
Dr. Bakri Arbie
Senior Staff
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Korea

H.E. Dr. Young Bok Chae
Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Dr. Chang Kun, Lee
Commissioner
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Korea
Dr. Chung Won Cho
Director General
Atomic Energy Bureau, The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Mr. Chang Woo Kim
Director
Nuclear Cooperation International Division
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Mr. Hak Beom Lee
Deputy Director
Nuclear Cooperation International Division
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Dr. In Soon Chang
President
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)

List of Participants

Dr. Kyung Won Han
Head of Nuclear Training Center
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
Mr. John Keuk Chung
Public Information and International Cooperation, The Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute (KAERI)

Malaysia

The Hon. Dato' Seri Law Hieng Ding
Minister
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (MOSTE)
Dato' Dr. Ahmad Sobri Haji Hashim
Director General
Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)
Dr. Daud Mohamad
Deputy Director General (Corporate Programme)
Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT)
Mr. Jini Wat
Principal Private Secretary
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (MOSTE)The Philippines

Dr. Estrella F. Alabastro
Secretary
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Dr. Alumandra M. Dela Rosa
Acting Director
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Ms. Pilar C. Roceles
Supervising Science Research Specialist
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

List of Participants

Thailand

Mr. Sunthad Somchevita
Permanent Secretary
Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Mr. Kriengkorn Bejraputra
Secretary General
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
Dr. Manoon Aramrattana
Deputy Secretary General
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)

Vietnam

H.E. Mr. Hoang Van Huay
Vice Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Dr. Vuong Huu Tan
Chairman
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)
Mr. Le Doan Phac
Deputy Director
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)

Japan

H.E. Mr. Hiroyuki Hosoda
MinisterState for Science and Technology Policy
Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie
ChairmanAtomic Energy Commission (AEC)
Mr. Tetsuya Endo
Vice-Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

List of Participants

Mr. Tetsuo Takeuchi
Commissioner
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office (CAO)
Mr. Yuji Sakakibara
Director for Atomic Energy
Cabinet Office (CAO)
Mr. Daisuke Takahashi
Section Chief for Atomic Energy
Cabinet Office (CAO)
Mr. Kazunori Hashimoto
Staff Official, Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office (CAO)
Mr. Shinya Takeuchi
Director for Atomic Energy Division, Research and Development Bureau
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Dr. Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Asia Cooperation Center, Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, INC. (ACC-JAIF)- Observer IAEA

Mr. M.N. Razley
Section Head, East Asia and the Pacific Section
Department of Technical Cooperation
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Opening Session

1-1 Opening Session
1-1-1 Welcoming Remarks
byDr. Young Bok Chae
Minister of Science and Technology
Republic of Korea

Honorable Ministers,
Distinguished Delegates,

It is my great honor to deliver the welcoming remarks at the opening of the ministerial
meeting of the 3rd Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia.

On behalf of the Korean Government, I sincerely welcome all of you from the FNCA
countries and the IAEA.

In Asia, nuclear power has been emerging as a major energy source. Currently, 96 nuclear
power plants are in operation in the Asian region. 17 new plants are under construction andat least 19 more are planned. To meet this growing trend and to secure the safety of people
and environment, cooperation in our region is expected to be further increased.

Through dialogues among member countries, we are sure to formulate cooperative networkin nuclear power generation and its safety assurances. Developed technology andexperiences will be shared. Exchange of experts and manpower training could be made.
Our common goal for safety could be pursued.

In addition, security issues related to nuclear facility and radioactive materials has becomea growing concern. Nuclear experts recommend a new concept, namely “Design Basis
Threat (DBT)”, where safety and security are closely linked. We also expect security
matters to be addressed in our meeting.

Opening Session

Non-power applications of nuclear energy are continually increasing. Application ofradiation and radioisotopes has a wide scope in such fields as food, agriculture, health care,environment and industrial technology. In Asia, more than 400 cyclotron are used for the
production of isotopes. It is also well known that radiation science and technology is thebasis of modern nano-bio technology. I believe that active cooperation in radiation andradioisotopes has a great potential to socio-economic development in our region.

The FNCA has made a great contribution toward the promotion of the safe and peacefuluses of nuclear energy, through active implementation of various projects, such asutilization of research reactor, application of radioisotopes and radiation for agriculture andmedical use.

The FNCA is facing new challenges for further development. New challenges include
promotion of radioisotope production and distribution, nuclear safety networking among
member countries, and study on the establishment of nuclear liability system among
countries who have nuclear power plants.

I hope the FNCA continues to grow as a regional forum in the area of nuclear energy, by
coping with existing tasks and new challenges.
Honorable Ministers and Distinguished Delegates,

The FNCA is the forum to strengthen regional partnership in the peaceful and safe
utilization of nuclear technology. The Korean government, as the host country of the 3rd
FNCA meeting, will do its best to support the success of the meeting.

Availing this opportunity, I would also like to recognize the efforts of Japanese government
and Japan Atomic Industrial Forum for their contribution.

Thank you.

Opening Session

1-1-2 Congratulatory RemarksbyMr. Hiroyuki Hosoda
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy
Japan

Thank you for that kind introduction.

I am Hiroyuki Hosoda.

On September 30, I

became minister of state for science and technology policy. At the opening of thisministerial level meeting of the Third Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), I
would like to say a few words on behalf of the sponsors.

First, allow me to personally welcome each of you -- all who traveled here from Australia,
China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. We, Japan, would also
like to express our warmest appreciation to our co-sponsor and host, the Ministry of
Science and Technology of Korea.

The theme of the forum this year is "Atoms for the Next Generation."

Taking that as our

keynote, this meeting this afternoon will address two topics: "Strategy of Human Resources
Development" and "Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy."

Given the economic

growth projected here in Asia, we can all expect to face challenges in simultaneously sustainingthat growth, ensuring the energy supplies we will need to do so, and attending to the need forenvironmental protection. With this recognition, it is quite timely to discuss the use of nuclear
energy in Asia together with the issue of the human resources required to support nuclear
development and use. I hope this meeting will lead the way to new partnerships in Asia.

Japan is committed to using nuclear energy exclusively for peaceful purposes, and isactively engaged in global non-proliferation efforts. Nuclear weapons development by
North Korea is directly related to security in Asia.

Japan has, therefore, been insisting that

North Korea comply with its international commitments, and is continuing to work toOpening Session
realize a Korean Peninsula free of nuclear weapons.

Japan is not blessed with significant natural energy resources, either oil or coal, and depends onimports for 96% of its energy. In these circumstances, nuclear power accounts for 35% ofgenerated electricity. It plays an obviously important role in the national energy supply scheme.
Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol this past June. Our efforts to combat global warming include
energy conservation measures, new-energies measures, and fuel conversion measures, forexample, the promotion of nuclear energy. Expectations are particularly high for nuclear power
generation, which Japan identifies as a key power source. Japan is working, as well, to establish
the nuclear fuel cycle, whereby nuclear power generation can be made even more efficient.

Recently, however, it was revealed that some utility companies had, in the past, falsified
records of their self-inspections and periodic inspections at their nuclear power plants.
The government is endeavoring to strengthen its safety regulations and restore people's
confidence.

The purpose of the FNCA is to contribute to socio-economic development through active
partnerships among its members. Its role is certain to become even greater hereafter.

I closing, then, let me just say that I hope what is discussed today will contribute to thepeaceful uses of nuclear energy, and help the participating countries in the own further
development in the nuclear area.

Thank you.

Opening Session

1-1-3 Opening AddressbyProf. Yoichi Fuji-ie
ChairmanAtomic Energy Commission of Japan

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. At the opening of this ministerial level meeting of
the Third Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), let me first of all express ourheartfelt appreciation to each of you for being here today.

It is a great pleasure for Japan

to be co-sponsoring this event together with the Ministry of Science and Technology of
Korea.

The FNCA vision is to contribute to socio-economic development through active regional
partnerships in the peaceful, safe utilization of nuclear technology.
ministerial level meeting; the first was in Thailand in 2000.

This is the third

Conditions among thecountries in Asia vary considerably, and this must always be remembered when working
together internationally.

Given its vision, however, and its commitment to mutual

understanding and cooperation, I believe the FNCA is a place where lasting, effective
cooperative relationships can be built.

As has been the case so far, I hope this meeting, too, will serve as a vehicle for tacklingcommon issues, freely exchanging opinions, and deepening understanding among ourcountries. This year our theme is "Atoms for the Next Generation."

I am eager to hear

what each country has to say on this forward-looking subject.

Today, we will air our views in a roundtable discussion on two subjects:"Strategy of

Human Resource Development" and "Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy."
Human resource development is a requirement common to all our countries, but I thinksome of the conditions are different. FNCA is, among other things, developing basic dataon human resource development in each country, and can provide information useful increating strategies for it.
understand each other.

Through today's discussions, I hope we will all come to better

Opening Session

As for the other theme, "Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy," there must be avariety of thoughts according to each country's circumstances and the state of its energy
supplies. In Japan, where we have dramatically few natural energy resources, nuclear
power is expected to play a great role, from the viewpoints both of energy security andenvironmental protection -- reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This topic is carried overfrom the previous meeting, and I hope we will go even deeper into it this time.

I look forward to joining today's discussions and making a personal contribution.

Inclosing, let me just say again that I hope these sessions will contribute to the on-goingpromotion of peaceful nuclear development in the Asian region.

Country Report

1-2 Session 1: Country Report1-2-1 Country Report of Australia
byProfessor Helen Garnett
Executive Director
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization

Your Excellencies, Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of Australia I am pleased
to contribute to this the third meeting of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia, which is being
co-hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology Republic of Korea and the Atomic Energy
Commission of Japan. I bring warm greetings from my country and congratulate the organisers on the
excellent arrangements made for this meeting.

1. Recent Domestic Events
1.1 Replacement Research Reactor (RRR)
I am pleased that there has been steady, ongoing progress with the replacement research reactor
project. As I reported at the first FNCA in Bangkok, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology
Organisation (ANSTO) signed a contract in mid-2000 for the design, construction and commissioningof a 20 MW research reactor with the Argentine company INVAP S.E. which in turn has
arrangements with a number of Australian engineering companies. Loading of fuel is scheduled tocommence in May 2005 and to be complete in January 2006.
Following the licence application evaluation process, which included significant interaction with andinput from the public, the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA)
issued a licence to construct the reactor on 5 April 2002. Site work commenced soon after.
During the excavation phase, geotechnical inspections were carried out to check the geology of thesite, in accordance with international best practice and also in accordance with recommendations by
the independent regulator ARPANSA. These ongoing geological inspections were carried out by the
New Zealand company, the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (IGNS). As an outcome ofthese regular inspections, geological faulting within the finished excavation site was identified in June
2002, which required further investigation.

Country Report
On 12 September ANSTO provided ARPANSA with detailed further information on the geology ofthe site. This information showed that the geological and seismological basis of the design, describedin the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report submitted to ARPANSA in 2001, remained valid. Faulting
found on the site had a minimum mean age of last movement of nine million years. Such old andinactive faulting is fully consistent with the guidelines from the International Atomic Energy Agency
for power reactors, notwithstanding that the RRR is much smaller and a research reactor. On 22
October 2002 ARPANSA agreed that the faulting is not ‘capable of resulting in a surface
displacement’ and that construction can proceed.
It is important in this context to share our experiences. Prior to 1997 there was no totally separate
nuclear regulator in Australia. The nuclear regulatory body had gradually split from ANSTO but had
no legal status and reported through the same Minister.
ANSTO foresaw that this situation was not desirable and hence when the announcement to fund thereplacement research reactor was made, a simultaneous announcement was made that a Regulatory
Agency, supported by appropriate national legislation, would be established.
This legislation took a year to develop but ARPANSA was finally born. It reports to the Minister of
Health. Having a separate regulatory body clearly involving its own consultants, and its own experts,
has been an essential part of our relatively smooth progress.
The announcement that the geology and design are suitable only a week ago, met with very little
media attention or fanfare. We are proceeding.
1.2 Radioactive Waste Management
The Australian Government has been undertaking an extensive and thorough site selection process fora national low-level radioactive waste repository. The selection process has been carried out inseveral phases. The first phase established a methodology for site selection. The second phaseapplied the methodology and identified a short list of eight regions. The third phase identified thecentral-north region of South Australia for further investigation and site selection studies. From the18 sites identified at the first stage in June 1998, the second stage reduced the number to five and thethird stage identified the preferred site at Evetts Field West in the Woomera Prohibited Area in thecentral north region of South Australia and two alternatives.
Before construction of the low-level radioactive waste repository can commence, the preferred sitemust satisfactorily comply with an environmental impact assessment (EIS) and radiological licensing
processes. A Draft EIS has been prepared and was open for public comment for three months as from
July 2002. If, after evaluating the EIS and the public submissions, the Minister for the Environment

Country Reportand Heritage approves the project, the Government will then seek a licence to construct and operate
the repository from the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).
The repository is provisionally anticipated to commence operations around 2004.
In relation to a national store for long-lived intermediate level waste, the Australian Government
announced in 2000 that there would be a national search for a suitable site. Because of a lack ofsupport from some states, the Government announced that it would proceed with the search for anational store on Commonwealth land for the storage of intermediate level waste generated by
Commonwealth Agencies.

An expert group has developed selection criteria for the site.

The

suitability of Commonwealth land for the national store will be assessed against the selection criteria,
and a shortlist of potential sites is planned to be identified by the end of 2002 or early 2003. The colocation of this store with the low level radioactive waste repository was ruled out.
The national store will be designed to operate for at least 50 years. A geological repository fordisposal cannot be justified at present because of the limited amount of intermediate level waste likely
to be generated by Australia in the foreseeable future.
Unlike low level and intermediate level radioactive waste, Australia does not generate any high level
waste. The Australian Government has indicated that it has no intention of accepting radioactive
waste from other countries for storage or disposal in Australia.

2. Recent Regional Cooperation Activities under FNCA
Australia has been pleased to continue its support for FNCA activities in the areas of nuclear safety
culture, radioactive waste management and small angle neutron scattering.
2.1 Safety Culture Workshop
The Nuclear Safety Culture Workshop for 2002 is now scheduled to be held at Dalat in January 2003.
The fifth FNCA Safety Culture Workshop, which was held in Tokyo in September 2001, considered
the possibility of collecting data on the status of research reactors in FNCA countries. This was
designed as a preliminary activity before undertaking “in-club reviews” of reactors. One of theconclusions made in the Tokyo meeting Summary Report was:
“17.

The workshop recommended a peer review process to foster safety culture in research

reactors by identifying good practice and areas for improvement. The review should commence withthe preparation of a report that identifies the research reactor organisations and facilities and focus

Country Reporton factors affecting safety culture. Australia and Japan agreed to produce a draft list of topics forcirculation by the end of January. The workshop further recommended that this topic and possible
follow up visits to specific reactors should be discussed by the FNCA Coordinators.”
The proposal asked that each FNCA participating country report on one of their research reactors (orthe reactors at one location) in their country. The countries were encouraged to make use of thesurvey data supplied from time to time to the IAEA research reactor data base. Australia prepared adraft list of topics and, after incorporation of suggestions from FNCA countries, submitted this
proposal to the FNCA Coordinators Meeting in March 2002, where it was endorsed.
The Viet Nam Nuclear Research Institute has agreed to a review mission to the Dalat research reactor
in the context of the next Workshop to be hosted there. It is anticipated that this will provide
momentum to acceptance of missions by other countries and will provide a forum for open and frank
discussion of good aspects of safety culture and areas for possible improvement.

Australia iscompleting its specimen safety culture report on the HIFAR. This document includes information on
topics such as: organisation and management; emergency preparedness; education and training;
operation and maintenance; and, radiation protection. It will be distributed to other participatingorganisation to demonstrate the type and level of response expected.
As with previous Nuclear Safety Culture Workshops, sessions will be set aside for reporting on•

the eleven agreed benchmarks for safety culture implementation.

•changes to the national and organisational arrangements associated with Nuclear Safety

Convention Articles 7-10 and 14 and 16.
•

progress against the six agreed indicators of implementation of safety culture.

These agreed reporting topics will serve not only as a means of sharing ideas and lessons in safety
culture development but will act also as a driving mechanism to encourage ongoing improvement by
all countries. It is anticipated that, as with previous workshops, useful insights will be made andshared at this workshop.
A significant part of each workshop is set aside to discuss recent incidents that might have
implications for safety culture. It is expected that Japan will be reporting on recent revelations at
TEPCO and sharing early insights that might be available.

Country Report
2.2 Radioactive Waste Management
The FNCA Radioactive Waste Workshop is scheduled to be held in Daejon, Korea, 18 to 22
November and will be attended by representatives from the participating countries involved in policy
making, regulation, and R&D on radioactive waste management. Australia is planning to participate
and will be represented by Mr Lubi Dimitrovski, Manager, ANSTO Waste Operations and TechnicalDevelopment
Following on actions from the previous workshop, Australia has contributed a section to the draft
consolidated report on radioactive waste management in the region. The text of this report will befinalised at the Daejon meeting. Australia will also contribute to sub-meetings at this workshop on
waste characterisation and on technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material(TENORM).
2.3 Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)The Neutron Scattering Sub-workshop held in Beijing, China, in late 2001, shifted the focus of theactivities from Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrumentation and techniques development,
to investigating problems of socio-economic benefit to the region. The 2001 Sub-workshop initiatedtwo important processes:(i)an effective communication system, based on group email, and(ii)

a project proposal and review system.

The outcome was a coordinated project entitled ‘Development of Evaluation Technology for Naturaland Synthetic Polymer Materials using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)’. The project has
five sub-headings:(i)γ-irradiated carrageenan (food gum)(ii)

water-soluble copolymers(iii)

random ionomers(iv)

molecular deformation of partially deuterated polyethylene(v)

blends of natural rubber and polyolefins.

The project plan involved the preparation of samples using specialist facilities in each contributing
country, and the collection of data at one of the SANS facilities in the region (JAERI, KAERI,

Country Report
BATAN, MINT, ANSTO). The project is maintaining the original schedule with sample preparationand data collection almost complete. Data analysis will be shared between regional groups with
relevant expertise. A summary report will be prepared for submission to the FNCA Workshop in 2003.
ANSTO played an advisory role in the development of the regional research project and will use its
expertise in SANS data analysis and interpretation particularly for sub-projects (i), (ii), (iii) and (v).

3. Conclusion
I look forward to Australia continuing to play an active role in the FNCA and supporting the further
mutual cooperation in the utilisation of nuclear science and technology for the benefit of the region
and for addressing identified regional problems. In addition to the formal activities, these high levelmeetings enable informal exchanges on many issues of mutual interest and importance. In this vein I
am pleased to note that later this year Japan has agreed to host a meeting promoting universal
adherence to the additional safeguards protocol. This too will contribute to mutual understanding andcooperation in the region and I hope it will also encourage further countries to make the commitment.
On behalf of Australia I again thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea andthe Atomic Energy Commission of Japan for their efforts in facilitating this important Forum meeting,Country Report1-2-2 Country Report of China
byMr. Zhang Huazhu
ChairmanChina Atomic Energy Authority
Mr. Chairman,
I am honored to be invited to the current Ministerial Meeting of the Third FNCA. At
the outset, please allow me to express warm congratulations on the convening of theForum, our sincere appreciation to the governments of the Republic of Korea andJapan for their support and organization, and extend greetings to all delegations.
This meeting gives us an opportunity to introduce to each other the nuclear energy
development in member states and exploring cooperation. Now, I would like to brief
you on the latest nuclear energy development in China.
China’s nuclear power achieved steady development this year. Unit 1 of Qinshan
Phase II and Unit 1 of Lingao NPP were put into commercial operation successively,
increasing the total installed capacity to 3,700 MW. The Unit 2 of Lingao NPP has
been connected to power grid and will be put into commercial operation by the end of
this year. The Unit 1 of Qinshan Phase III is in the final stage of commissioning. The
other 4 units under construction are progressing successfully and will be put into
operation respectively from 2003 to 2005, when the total installed nuclear power
capacity in the mainland will reach 9,000 MW, supplying about 3% of the total power
generation of the country.
The Chinese Government unswervingly sticks to the principle of “safety and quality
come first” and gives top priority to safety in developing nuclear power. The first
NPPs have caused no negative effects to the environment in more than 10 years ofoperation, which fully proves the successful designing, safe and reliable operation ofChina’s nuclear power.
China’s nuclear fuel industry, consistent with the nuclear power construction, hasgained considerable progress. Its capability and level scaled a new height withtechnology upgraded through independent development and international cooperation.
The manufacturers have achieved the localization of fuel assembly fabrication forlight water reactors and Candu reactors and are able to fabricate deep-burn-up fuelassemblies to meet the requirement of the 18-month reloading cycle of 1000 MW
NPPs. Technology upgrade or significant progress has been achieved in other links offuel cycle, which cut down the production cost of nuclear fuel and guaranteed further
development of nuclear power.
In addition to the progress in nuclear power, China’s nuclear technology applications

Country Report

have made significant development. There are more than 300 enterprises andinstitutions engaged in nuclear application technology development and production
with a total annual output of 20 billion yuan RMB. The industrial electron accelerators
and Cobalt sources installation maintained a yearly growth rate of more than 20%
since 1990, one of the fastest in the world. The successful development of X-ray
customs container inspection system, mails electron-beam sterilizers provide new
effective means against smuggling and terrorism. Nuclear technologies are applied
widely in various agricultural fields and have brought remarkable beneficiary effects
to the economy, society and ecology. China, with a rapid development momentum of
nuclear medical appliances, has 7 radioactive medicine manufacture bases and morethan 1000 hospitals with nuclear medicine technology. The popularization andpromotion of nuclear medicine contributed to improving the people’s health level.
We will continue to promote the application of nuclear technology to industry,
agriculture, medicine, environmental protection, and security; and increase theindustrialization scale and technology level according to the market demands tocontribute to the settle issues of agriculture, ecological environment, water
management and medical care.
Mr. Chairman,
The Chinese Government has identified the principle of “moderate development of
nuclear power” in its Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social
Development. Planning and feasibility studies are under way for new nuclear power
projects. Like most other countries in the world, China adopted the “three-stepdevelopment” from thermo neutron reactor to fast neutron breeding reactor tocontrolled fusion reactor as its technology development route. Thermo reactor is now
and will remain the dominant reactor type for a long time to come. At the same time,
we continue studies on fast reactor and fusion technology, actively participate
international cooperation and follow up the development trend of the whole world.
Mr. Chairman,
The Chinese Delegation is glad to note that “Atoms for Next Generation” is the themeof the current FNCA conference. More than 500 government officers, representativesof international organizations, personages from industries and experts attended the13th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference in Shenzhen, China last week. The participants
made comprehensive discussion on the relationship between nuclear energy andsustainable development and reached a general consensus, which is just as China’s
Premier Zhu Rongji said in his message to the conference that “nuclear energy andtechnology play an increasingly important role in the sustainable development of thenational economy as the economy develops and the people’s demands on energy andenvironmental protection constantly grow in the 21st Century”.
Mr. Chairman, Colleagues,

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The nations vary in views on climate changes, and the role of nuclear energy torelieving climate changes in particular. The Chinese Government holds a positive
opinion on the role of nuclear energy in easing energy shortage and climate changes
and believes that nuclear, as a safe, economical and clean energy, will be the primarysolution to the world’s sustainable development. We support including nuclear powerin the Clean Development Mechanism.
I would like to take this opportunity to inform you that China has ratified the Kyodo
Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It fully
represents China’s positive attitude to participating in international cooperation forenvironmental protection and promoting sustainable development of the whole world.
China is willing to join hands with other FNCA Member States to make due
contribution to the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy in this region.
Mr. Chairman,
Ever since its establishment in 2000, FNCA has regarded its principle to “positively
carry out peaceful and safe application of nuclear energy to promote social andeconomic development”. Its Member States exchanges information and experience
concerning nuclear energy development and nuclear technology applications,discusses issues of common concern or common interest, and coordinates theiractivities under the framework of FNCA, which strongly enhanced nuclear
cooperation among them. Considering the special features of FNCA, the Chinese
Delegation proposes that a more feasible and applicable cooperation plan be draftedon the basis of full recognition and objective treatment of the differences of member
states in nuclear technology level and comprehensive understanding of each member
state’s nuclear development strategy and requirements to seek common development.
Mr. Chairman, Colleagues,
Asian Countries boast great potential in nuclear energy and technology developmentin the 21st Century. FNCA, as an arena for exchanging information and exploringcooperation in the nuclear field, undertakes credible responsibilities of promoting
peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Asia. We are convinced that our efforts will be
fruitful and make contribution to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Asia and even
the world as long as all member countries abide by the fundamental principle of the
FNCA, strengthen cooperation and stand on equal footing.
Thank you.

Country Report

1-2-3 Country Report of Indonesia“Nuclear Energy Activities for Better Life in Indonesia”
byM. Hatta Rajasa
State Minister for Research and Technology

Your Excellencies,
Distinguished Delegates,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is indeed a great pleasure and an honor for me to be invited on behalf of my country,
Indonesia, to participate again in this distinguished Forum for Nuclear Co-operation in Asia.
Please kindly allow me, first of all, to express my deep appreciation to my colleagues the
Minister of Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea and the Minister of State for
Science and Technology Policy of Japan. This third Forum enables me to express, for thesecond time, my views and hopes that this cooperation would be fruitful for all member
countries and it certainly is for Indonesia.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
As you are all aware, although recently some progress on the economic recovery has beenencouraging, Indonesia is still struggling to recover from the multiple crises. Science andtechnology is imperative to contribute the solution. A law regarding the National System for
Research, Development, and Application of Science and Technology has been enacted by theIndonesian Parliament to be the Law no 18, 2002 couple months ago. This law strengthens,
among others, the role of science and technology for accelerating the achievement of various
objectives set by our country. Furthermore, we are in the progress to have a more solid coordination program among research and development institutions, including the National
Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) and Nuclear Regulatory Control Board (BAPETEN), as
well as with the industries and NGOs to set the “Landmarks 2020”, which are actuallysignificant targets to be reached by all of us focusing on supply security of food and energy,
the two most essential objects for not only survival, but also for wealth creation, and last but
not least, sustainable development.

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Ladies and Gentlemen,
Looking back at my previous list of priority being mentioned at the last Meeting, among thehighests on the list are Biotechnology, Agroindustry, Health, Alternative Energy andInformation Technology, while on the promotion of the application of nuclear and radiation
technologies, it was mentioned to be agriculture, nuclear education, accelerator technology,
and alternative energy. These are indeed congruent with the National Landmarks 2020,
together with our activities in FNCA, they are synergistic.
In Indonesia, BATAN continues to carry out research and development in agriculture joining
the FNCA activities in this field, namely mutation breeding and bio-fertilizer. Besidecontinuing the research and development on the topics relating to drought tolerance insorghum and soybean as well as insect resistance in orchids, BATAN continues to develop
new varieties of rice. Some candidates of the new varieties have been indicated, after the last
two namely Merauke and Woyla, in responding to some customer taste satisfaction. It is also
attempted to establish supply security of the new rice varieties located at some provinces toenhance the supply system of the crops. In the mean time the development of various
formulae of food supplements for ruminansia animals has been progressing aiming at theutilization of locally available material.
Ladies and Gentlemen,Ever since couple years, the number of government personnel, the civil servant, has been thesubject of the zero growth policy leading to the negative growth of nuclear scientists andengineers working with government, although the number of human resource having been
graduated in this field has only been fairly managed to satisfy the industry starting to ask
more personnel with this qualification. As mentioned previously, the inauguration of
Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology at Yogyakarta last year was timely, however
improvement in the quality and quantity is indispensable. In the near future, the role ofgovernment, especially BATAN and BAPETEN as a promoting and regulatory bodies
respectively will still be very significant in building up the nuclear industries in Indonesia.
Recruitment of these personnel for BATAN an BAPETEN has recently been prioritized by
the government. I should therefore like to re-mentioned that we welcome the idea of theCountry Report
International Nuclear University proposed by Korea not only is it an important asset tomaintain and enhance the nuclear science and technology in the world, especially in our
region but also for us in Indonesia that just about to embark enhancing program in nuclear
industries. May I again in this opportunity propose to have cooperation under the auspices of
FNCA to install a network system with training centers and advanced nuclear facilities in our
region.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
For quite some years BATAN has been trying to develop capability relating to accelerator
taking into consideration the future important role of this technology for various purposes. It
is expected that this activities support the medium term program to build a demonstration
accelerator to be utilized for research and development in the fields of activities to achieve
the Landmarks. Co-operation in this field with FNCA member states is certainly welcomed.
In the mean time studies relating to the utilization of nuclear power plants are pursued asscheduled. While the comprehensive study of energy sources for electricity is nearlycompleted, the economic pre-feasibility study of nuclear desalination is progressing
encouragingly. Both studies are involving IAEA, while the second one also involves Korea.
Tentative results of the first study shows the introduction of nuclear power plant (NPP) to
optimize the energy mix for Java Bali grid will be sometime in 2015, while very small NPP
might be introduced to other grids. The pre-project activities are done accordingly, such asactivities relating to candidate site permit. In the field of energy, BATAN utilizing nuclear
techniques has also been doing activities relating to geothermal such as reserve calculation as
well as starting the mutation breeding of castor oil plants, i.e. Yatropha curcas L., andRicinus communis L. to innovate new varieties for plant and crop producing more bio-diesel.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The on going FNCA activities have been progressing as expected, i.e. the Utilization of
Research Reactor covering the production of Tc-99m, neutron activation analyses, andneutron scattering; Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Agriculture consisting of
mutation breeding, bio-fertilizer, etc; Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Medical
Use such as breast and nasopharyngeal cancers; Public Information of Nuclear Energy;Country Report
Radioactive Waste Management; Nuclear Safety Culture; Human Resources Development;
and Application of Electron Accelerator. Indonesia expects the program on Asian Institute of
Nuclear Science and Technology as well as Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy in
Asia could be started by 2003. We would like to confirm that we are ready for being host for
the Utilization of Research Reactor Workshop this coming January as well as Radioactive
Waste Management Workshop sometime in October 2003.
Your Excellencies,
Distinguished Delegates,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Please allow me to conclude by expressing our strong endorsement for the FNCA and ourreadiness to participate fully in all of its activities. Lastly, I would like also to express our
deep gratitude to our host MOST of Korea and Atomic Energy Commission of Japan forconvening this third Meeting of the FNCA.
Thank you very much

Country Report

1-2-4 Country Report of Japan
byProf. Yoichi Fuji-ie
ChairmanAtomic Energy Commission

As the theme of the 3rd FNCA is ”Atoms for the Next Generation,” I would like to speak
about the future of nuclear energy in Japan.
The Long-Term Nuclear Program
Japan's nuclear policy is spelled out in its "Long-Term Program for Research, Development,
and Utilization of Nuclear Energy" -- known more simply as the ”Long-Term Nuclear
Program," November 2000. The Long-Term Nuclear Program sets out an overall view andlong-term outlook for nuclear energy research, development and utilization in the 21st
century. It also performs a valuable function as a message to the people of Japan and theinternational community.
The program provides that nuclear power generation will continue to be positioned as thenation’s key source of electric power, and will be utilized to the maximum possible extent. It
confirms that the fundamental aim will be to achieve the reprocessing of spent fuel and theuse of the recovered plutonium and uranium in light water reactors and fast reactors. It is thepolicy of the Atomic Energy Commission to pursue and realize the principles and policies set
forth in the Long-Term Nuclear Program.
Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy and Recent Issues
Japan adopted its own Global Warming Prevention Program, and ratified the Kyoto Protocol
last June. A part of the program calls for increasing nuclear power generation by 30% in2010 from the level of 2000. Nuclear power generation contributes substantially to reducing
carbon dioxide emissions in Japan.
Given Japan’s situation in terms of geography and natural resources, nuclear power
generation also contributes to improving energy self-sufficiency and the stability of energyCountry Reportsupplies. This is why Japan is continuing its R&D on the use of plutonium in fast reactors,
and is planning to use plutonium in light water reactors.
Unfortunately, at this point I must say that, since the discovery of falsifications of data inself-inspection reports by a Japanese utility company, another violation of law has been
revealed in regard to inspections of a primary containment vessel. We must acknowledge
that confidence in nuclear power in Japan has been damaged. Although the need for the
nuclear fuel cycle in Japan has not changed -- the use of plutonium in light water reactors isstalled as a result. We now face the critical need to rebuild public confidence in nuclear
energy and in the fuel cycle.
The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was, in fact, already on record with regard to publicconfidence and the promotion of the nuclear fuel cycle in Japan. In order to gain public
understanding, the commission is convinced that the need for a national fuel-cycle effort must
be explained to the people in ways that are easier to understandIn addition, work has been under way since December 2001, to integrate two nuclear-related
entities -- the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Japan Nuclear Cycle
Development Institute (JNC). This will help to further rationalize nuclear R&D.
In the effort to gain public acceptance, important concerns are, of course, safety, nonproliferation, and the proper disposal of radioactive waste.
Advanced Nuclear Science and Engineering
Nuclear fusion is a promising future energy source, and we are promoting the International
Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, together with the European Union andRussia. At the ITER Negotiation Meeting last June, Japan submitted Rokkasho-mura, in
Aomori Prefecture, as a candidate site for the ITER construction. We will continue to makevigorous efforts on this project.
It is predicted that the demand for hydrogen, as fuel for fuel cells and for other purposes, will
increase rapidly in the near future. Research on hydrogen production using high-temperaturegas reactors is another example of how Japan seeks to apply nuclear energy in diverse,
positive ways.

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The fruits of nuclear science and technology go far beyond power generation. Nuclear
science and engineering bring new knowledge to basic science and have the potential toprovide the most advanced methods of research in both life sciences and material sciences.
In Japan, advanced R&D is going on in the areas of nuclear fusion, particle accelerators,
innovative reactors, and basic and fundamental research.
Radiation use similarly ranges from basic and applied research to practical applications.
Indeed, the use of radiation is the subject of most interest to many FNCA countries. This
year, FNCA cooperation projects began on development of biofertilizers using radiation to
reduce the environmental load from agriculture, and on industrial applications for low energy
electron accelerators to expand future radiation use in Asia. Japan, of course, cooperates with
FNCA countries in such research and development. But it is also important that educationand training on the management and protection of radioactive materials be improved. To that
end, Japan accepts 200 trainees or more every year from countries in Asia -- mainly FNCA
countries -- for training in safety management, and as part of research exchange activities.
Nuclear Energy and the International Community
The peaceful uses of nuclear energy yield so many benefits. But in order to preserve thoseuses, the nuclear non-proliferation regime must be sustained and strengthened.
According to an announcement by the U.S. Department of State on October 16, North Korea
is embarked on a program of enriching uranium for nuclear weapons, contrary to the 1994
Agreed Framework between the U.S. and North Korea. Such development is, as well, aflagrant violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) which is the fundamental agreement
in international society, and other related international commitments. We, the AEC, issued
the statement on this matter on October 22. We call strongly on North Korea to dismantle its
nuclear weapons program in a prompt and verifiable manner and to immediately accept
inspection by the IAEA.
The IAEA’s Additional Protocol improves its capabilities of inspection by enlarging thescope of information to be provided to it and by providing for ”complementary access” forinspectors. Japan remains committed to seeing the Additional Protocol accepted by as manynations as possible. To keep the momentum up, Japan will host, in cooperation with theCountry Report
IAEA, an International Conference for the Universalization of the Additional Protocol, in
December this year in Tokyo. You should already have received invitation letters, and I
encourage you, as FNCA members, to participate. Currently, Japan, Australia, Indonesia andChina conclude the Additional Protocol among FNCA countries. I hope the nations
represented here in this forum who have not conclude the model additional protocol, will join
us soon in doing so.
The Asian region is well on the way to becoming one of three global centers in the use of
nuclear energy, together with North America and Europe. At the same time, conditions in
Asia vary, and it is necessary that international cooperation take the circumstances of eachcountry into account.
The vision of the FNCA is recognized as an effective mechanism for enhancing socioeconomic development through active regional partnerships, based on mutual understanding
and cooperative international efforts. Reflecting the ideas and approaches of the various
participating countries is, therefore, something I believe the FNCA is uniquely suited for.
Japan will continue to pursue cooperation through the activities of the FNCA, and continue topromote the peaceful use of nuclear energy in Asia.

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1-2-5 Country Report of Korea
byDr. Chung Won Cho
Director General for Atomic Energy Bureau
Ministry of Science and Technology

Mr. Chairman,
Your Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is a great pleasure for me to deliver country report of Korea at the 3rd FNCA meeting.

National Policy on Nuclear Energy

Korea has committed to use of nuclear energy as a major energy resource. The Korean
government established the “Comprehensive Promotion Plan for Nuclear Energy” every
five years, which includes basic policy directions and implementation programs.

In this year the second 5-year plan started. It emphasizes the future nuclear reactor
technology development and balanced coordination of power and non-power
application.

In accordance with this comprehensive plan, Korea launched a long-term national R&D
Program for the period of ten years from 1997 to 2006.

Major R&D programs are as follows:-

Development of I & C system for KSNP (Korean Standard Nuclear Power
Plant) ,-Construction of the pilot plant of System-integrated Modular Advanced
Reactor (SMART) with the capacity of 65 MWt for both power generationand desalination,-

Proton Accelerator Project of 100 MeV and 20mA,

Country Report-

Participation in Gen IV International Forum and the IAEA’s International
Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactor and Fuel Cycle (INPRO).

In the area of nuclear reactor, the localization of 1,000 MWe KSNP was achieved in
1995. The improved version of KSNP plus is under development. Korea is also
developing an advanced power reactor (APR) technology, called APR1400, with thecapacity of 1,400 MWe. The Ministry of Science and Technology issued a standard
design certificate for APR1400 in May 2002.

APR1400 has advanced characteristics such as 60-year lifetime, passive safety featureswith economic competitiveness.

At present, 17 units of nuclear power plant are in operation, supplying 40% of total
electricity. Three KSNPs are under construction, and 8 more units will be built by theyear 2015. First APR1400 is planned to be commissioned in 2010.

To accelerate Radiation Technology (RT) development, the Korean government has
drafted “Act on the Utilization of Radiation and Radioisotopes” for its review andapproval of National Assembly. This Act aims to secure RT research fund andformulation of related industries and manpower development, and establishment ofRadiation and Radioisotopes R&D Center under KAERI by 2005.

With regard to safety regulation, the Korean government places nuclear safety on its toppriority.

Nuclear Safety Commission of Korea approved “Severe Accident Policy” andintroduced “Periodic Safety Review” for all existing nuclear power plants every 10
years.

As for safety culture, 「 the Nuclear Safety Charter 」 , which consists of eight
principles, was promulgated on September 6, 2001.

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Regional Cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region

It is said that the 21st century will be the age of Asia, with rapid economic growth. We
expect Asia to continue its growth potential.

To meet the growing demand for nuclear energy, manpower development will be themost important factor. The IAEA has adopted knowledge preservation program as oneof the Agency’s projects at the IAEA meeting held in Vienna in June this year. Korea
proposed the concept of “International Nuclear University”, which arms around nuclear
related school or training programs among member states including cyber-networking
mechanism.

Korea has newly established three international training and education institutes:
Nuclear Training Center in KAERI, Nuclear Safety Training Center in KINS andRadiation Emergency Training Center in KCCH. On the young nuclear manpower issue,
the 2nd International Youth Nuclear Congress (IYNC) was held in Korea last April. We
hope the Young Nuclear Association could be formulated in Asia under the frameworkof IYNC.

There are 96 nuclear power plants in operation in Asia.

After the September 11, security matter including possible radiological device terror has
become an international issue. It is recommended in FNCA to share the measures takenor related expertise and information among member countries.

As for the liability system, we would like to toss the idea proposed by Korean Nuclear
Utilities, namely Asian Mutual Fund for Nuclear Liability. Utilities expressed its desire
to study new system, replacing current insurance payment, among nuclear utilities in
Asia. They expect the Fund be more beneficial to all the utilities.

In the light of safety regulation of nuclear facilities, we may suggest that we consider
establishing nuclear regulators’ dialogue in Asia. We need to have standardized safety
rules and learning process based upon each other’s experiences.

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FNCA Projects

On the theme of this 3rd FNCA meeting “Atoms for the Next Generation”, Korea is of
the view that the round table discussion topics, “Strategy of Human Development”, and“Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy” are very timely and important. We
sincerely wish the action items be drawn out of round table to realize the spirit of“Atoms for the Next Generation”.

In relation to the implementation of the FNCA’s projects, Korea hopes that every projectwill pay more attention to securing the necessary manpower in preparation for the new
nuclear era in Asia to come.

In addition, Korea would like to commend FNCA for its projects that emphasize
Radiation Technology development. We recommend to extend technology development
to possible joint production and supply of radioisotopes in our region.

With these remarks, Korea, with our Asian colleagues here today, reaffirms its
cooperation for the promotion of safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Thank you very much for your attention.

Country Report

1-2-6 Country Report of Malaysia
byDato’ Seri Law Hieng Ding
Minister of Science, Technology and the Environment

Mr. Chairman
Distinguished Delegates
Ladies and Gentlemen

It gives me great pleasure to congratulate you, Mr.Chaiman, your colleagues and theGovernment of Korea for organising the third Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
(FNCA) this year. I also complement the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japanfor their commendable efforts to enhance cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear
science and technology in the neighbouring Asian region.

Let me also from the outset express our satisfaction with the steady progress madeunder this cooperation. Malaysia has participated in all the activities carried out under
the FNCA and benefited from the cooperation. It has enabled us to strengthen our
national nuclear science and technology programme as well as sharing our experienceswith the neighbouring countries. In this regard, I would also like to express our gratitude
to FNCA for supporting our recent “International Nuclear Conference 2002” with theparticipation of several speakers and participants from FNCA countries.

Mr. Chairman,

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Let me now share with you some of our experiences related to the basic theme of thismeeting which is “Atoms for the Next Generation”. We believe that nuclear science andtechnology is very important and will continue to play a significant role in our
economic development, wealth creation and social well-being in the future.

We recognised that in the health sector, nuclear science and technology has been
accepted and widely used as a modern and superior technology to improve the qualityof healthcare in many countries including the developing countries. In Malaysia, wehave seen the trend whereby more and more modern nuclear medicine, oncology andradiotherapy centres were established in both public and private sector hospitals toprovide better healthcare services. New technologies such as the use of short-lived
radioisotopes from cyclotron and the use of PET in medicine will be available soon in
Malaysia. This development is expected to continue in the future with the application ofradioisotopes and radiation in medicine becomes an integral part of modern healthcare
system, easily available and affordable by the general population.

In the agricultural sector, we believe that nuclear technique such as mutagesis together
with other technology especially biotechnology and information technology will begreatly utilised to increase food production. and other agricultural products. We havealready seen many new varieties of food crops as well as ornamental plants produced
using new technology and have been commercialised. In addition, nuclear techniques
have also been widely used to increase agricultural productivity, control of pest anddiseases and in reducing post-harvest losses. The area of food sufficiency and foodsecurity are also of concerns to many countries to feed their growing population. Even
though the issue such as Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) has been of concern toCountry Reportmany people lately, it does not relate to the use of nuclear technique. In addition to foodproduction, nuclear technique will also become important to support the development ofour biotechnology industry in areas such as production of biomaterials, pharmaceuticals,
herbal medicine and nutraceuticals utilising our vast biodiversity.

Mr. Chairman,

We recognised that nuclear power is a very clean energy in term of emission of flue gases
and greenhouse gases in comparison to other sources of energy such as coal, oil and gas.
Hence nuclear power contributed less to the global environmental problem. However
Malaysia has no plan to use nuclear power for power generation as she is blessed with
abundance energy resources. The current energy policy is to utilise indigenous energy
resources which are gas, coal, hydro, oil and biomass. The introduction of biomass whichis renewable energy will also help us in solving problem of waste from the palm oil industry.
Nuclear power remains as the last option in our energy policy as the concerns for nuclear
power lie in the safety of nuclear power plants as well as those related to the disposal ofradioactive wastes. We believe every nation should be free to make their own choices on thetypes of energy sources based on their national needs and obligations. Hence it should not
be linked to other initiative such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

Mr. Chairman

In the industrial sector, nuclear technology has been widely used in Malaysia to improvethe efficiency and effectiveness of the industrial plants. This is mainly through the useof non-destructive testing, tracer technology and nucleonic control system in industries
such as oil and gas, construction, chemical and manufacturing . In addition, radiation

Country Report
processing technology has also been widely used for sterization of medical and nonmedical products, polymer modification and production of new materials. The
utilisation of this technology is expected to expand to new areas such as in the treatment
of industrial waste water, municipal waste and production of biomaterials. The
technology has been accepted as environmentally friendly and contributed towards
solving some environmental problems.

Mr. Chairman

The implementation of nuclear science and technology in Malaysia is carried out in
partnership and close cooperation between the public and private sectors as well asinternational cooperation. The cooperation has also enhanced networking andpartnership between the local institutions and their counterparts overseas and this has
contributed towards sustainability of our national nuclear science and technology
programmes. We would like to continue this cooperation in the future as it has benefited
both parties involved. In this regards the FNCA has played a very important role tofoster close cooperation among the Asian countries in many areas of common interest.

Mr.Chaiman

In conclusion, Malaysia would like to reaffirm her strong commitment to the FNCA, tocontinue to actively participate in the FNCA activities and to host some of the FNCA
activities in the future. In this regard, we would like to make an offer to host the Workshop on
Electron Beam Accelerator in 2003, Workshop on Human Resource Management in 2004,
Workshop on Mutation Breeding in 2005 and the Seventh FNCA in 2006.

Thank you for your attention.

Country Report

1-2-7 Country Report of the Philippines
Atoms for the Next Generation:
Aligning Philippine S&T Policy and Activities
byDr. Estrella F. Alabastro
Secretary
Department of Science and Technology

Mr. Chairman,
Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am deeply honored to address the FNCA Ministerial Meeting for the first time since
ascending as Secretary of the Philippines' Department of Science and Technology. On
behalf of the Philippine Government, my delegation and I officially thank theGovernment of Korea and the Government of Japan for kindly inviting us to the 3rd
FNCA Meeting. It is a very opportune Meeting indeed, as the Forum discusses this year
"Nuclear Research and Development Policy".

We live in truly exciting times - hallmarked by breakthroughs in information andcommunication, continuous materials innovation, and strides in genetic discoveries while, on the other hand, nurturing a growing concern over the burden we place on ourenvironment and on generations of the future because of our progressive development
activities.

The Philippines is not exempt from such trepidation, thus, the agenda of the national

Country Report

government remains strongly anchored on the precepts of a development that issustainable and the pursuit of a national vision that hinges - in the words of Her
Excellency, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo-on the three pillars of prosperity,
freedom, and justice.

Cutting poverty by ensuring economic growth that is accompanied by social equity andecological responsibility is a fight that is to be won, and the framework forged toaccomplish just that serves to guide our national programs.

The Philippine Agenda 21 (or PA 21) is the country's blueprint for sustainable
development. It envisions "a bettor quality of life for all Filipinos through thedevelopment of a just, moral, creative, spiritual, economically vibrant, caring, diverse
yet cohesive society characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory anddemocratic processes, and living in harmony and within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of creation". It embodies our development
aspirations.

Mr. Chairman,

At the Department of Science and Technology, we are guided by the National Scienceand Technology Plan for the period 2002 to 2020, which is intended to be an indicativeplan covering our visions, goals, strategies and thrusts to be pursued over the said
twenty-year time frame. We have set milestone years at 2004, 2010, and 2020, by whichtime we should have realized our short-, medium-, and long-term goals.

Country Report

In particular, we envision that by 2004, science and technology shall be an importantfactor and catalyst for national productivity and competitiveness, and shall have been
duly recognized as a means for solving pressing national problems.

By 2010, S&T shall be the foundation for accelerated economic growth and improved
quality of life, and the Philippines shall have carved niches in selected areas of strength,
becoming an internationally-competitive knowledge provider and user in identified
S&T areas.

By 2020, we shall have instituted a well-developed science and technology-based Small& Medium Enterprises (SME) sector, world-class universities in S&T, internationallyrecognized scientists and engineers, and model states in S&T management andgovernance.

Niching and clustering of areas identified by the government as significant potential
beneficiaries of technology, or potential enterprise sectors, will be an important strategy
in pursuing our goals, together with the maintenance of strong government-industryacademe-civil society and international linkages in S&T, promotion/popularization ofscience and technology, strengthening of support to industry, and improvement of S&T
governance.

Nuclear science and technology can find its niche in the priority areas of agriculture,
health, biotechnology, earth and marine sciences, energy, materials science,
manufacturing and process engineering, and environment.

Country Report

Mr. Chairman,

To expound just a bit further, and in order to buttress our position on the criticality ofmanaging knowledge, allow me to delve deeper into the subject, focusing in particularon the issue of preserving nuclear knowledge vis-à-vis emerging world realities.

It is a simple equation. All nuclear technology and innovation relies on nuclear
knowledge. An aging workforce is increasingly pervading the nuclear sector. Without
acting now, invaluable assets in critical nuclear knowledge and capacity might soon be
lost. To ensure the continued operation of existing and future nuclear installations, a
succeeding generation of nuclear experts is required. The threat of losing nuclear
knowledge is both a safety concern for the industry, and a potential predicament in ourdevelopment pursuits. It is thus apt that the Forum, as early as now, in its desire toensure "Atoms for the Next Generation", has identified human resources development
as part of its primary agenda. The challenges attendant to strengthening our manpowerbase are beseeching action.

The realization of the Department of Science and Technology's vision in general, andthat of the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute specifically, would rely heavily ontechnical and economic interactions: both among sectors of Philippine industry,
academe and government; and externally, through regional cooperation exchanges andfora such as what we are cultivating at the FNCA.

Country Report

Mr. Chairman,

In this regard, I am pleased to report to the body the achievement of the Philippines in
the areas of cooperation covered by the Forum.

On Mutation Breeding: The Philippines is actively involved in the multilateral research
project on "Drought Tolerance in Soybean" which was initiated this year. The exchangeof soybean seeds with Vietnam was also accomplished. On the biofertilizer Project, weare happy to note that the country is in an advanced stage of development of thebiofertilizer, Bio-N, for which a nation-wide demonstration in the field was also
launched. In support of the FNCA plan of activities, may I also take this opportunity toconfirm our offer to host the Workshop on Mutation Breeding in 2003.

On the Utilization of Research Reactors: I am pleased to report that the Philippines is
actively taking part in the collaborative project on the Characterization/analysis ofcarrageenan and carrageenan blends irradiated with gamma rays. In addition, it is myhonor to inform that the PNRI presently has the most extensive data on the elemental
profile of Metro Manila air. We look forward to contributing to the Forum's activities on
air pollution through the established local expertise on x-ray fluorescence.

On the Utilization of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Medical Use: We haveparticipated in the clinical study on radiation therapy for locally-advanced uterine cervix
cancer, and continue to be part of the new cooperative clinical trials on other cancer
types.

Country Report

On Radioactive Waste Management: Domestic initiatives in the aspect of strengthening
radiation protection infrastructure included efforts to strengthen our regulatory
capability, implementation of a Philippine Action Plan for the safety of sealed radiation
sources, and conduct of various activities on Radiological Emergency Planning andPreparedness.

On Nuclear Safety Culture: It is a recognized fact that the promotion of nuclear safety
culture is of paramount importance in the sustainability of nuclear science andtechnology. In line with that, we have initiated the institutionalization of nuclear safety
culture in the country. Further, in support of the FNCA plan of activities, I am again
taking this opportunity to offer the Philippines as host to the 2003 Workshop on Nuclear
Safety Culture.

On Public Information on Nuclear Energy: I am pleased to relay that the Philippines
continues to implement various activities aimed at educating and informing the publicof the various beneficial applications of nuclear energy. Special effort is being made totarget the young generation in our campaigns, especially since they will be the major
players in a forthcoming nuclear generation. In this regard, my delegation thanks the
FNCA project, under its Regional Speakers Bureau, for sending three excellent experts
as speakers during the National Atomic Energy Week celebration in 2001.

On Human Resources Development: The Philippines is honored to have been given theopportunity to host from October 8 to 10, 2002 the 4th Workshop on Human Resources
Development. In our country, a ten-year National Strategy for Human Resources

Country Report

Development in the Nuclear Field has been drawn up, envisaging an implementationlevel that would involve other ministries such as the Department of Education (DepEd)
and the Commission on Higher Education.

Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen:

It truly gives me pleasure to be presenting to this distinguished body the achievements
made by the country in consonance with the regional cooperative effort spearheaded by
the Forum. I am hopeful that through this meaningful exchange, we can steer as
member nations and as a regional bloc our programs and vision towards the bettermentof this generation and the next, through the contributions of nuclear science andtechnology.

I congratulate the Government of Korea and the Government of Japan for the extensive
preparations for this Meeting and for the cordial reception extended to the delegates.

Mabuhay, and sincere wishes for a successful Meeting!

Country Report

1-2-8 Country Report of Thailand
Strengthening Research and Development, and Utilization of
Nuclear Technology in Thailand
by
Mr. Sunthad Somchevita,
Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Science and Technology

Excellencies;
Distinguished Delegates;
Honored Guests;
Ladies and Gentlemen;

1. It is indeed an honor and privilege for me to have the opportunity to attend this
distinguished forum. On behalf of the Royal Thai Government, I would like to thank the
Minister for Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea and the Atomic Energy
Commission of Japan for the invitation extended to our Minister to attend this meeting.
Unfortunately, the Minister is pre-occupied with urgent matters at home and designates
me to attend this important meeting on his behalf.

2. On personal note, I am pleased to meet again those attended the First FNCA
Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok two years ago and also pleased to meet new colleagues
at this meeting. I look forward to productive meeting and I am prepared to share withyou our experience and difficulties in the past year on peaceful utilization of nuclear
technology. I am confident that this high level meeting will help our countries todevelop a proper balance among risks, benefits and non-proliferation in utilizing nuclear
technology for sustainable development.

Major Policy
3. Peaceful use of atomic energy in Thailand has been the founding principle of atomic
energy applications since its introduction to the Kingdom in 1962. The Royal
Government of Thailand is also committed to peaceful utilization of atomic energy
wold-wide by supporting Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) regime, and nuclear, radiation

Country Report
and waste safety regime. In addition, Thailand is an active Member State of theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a Signatory State to the Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and a member and the depositary state for the South
East Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ). Among other development, we arecommitted to developing world peace and stability.

National Infrastructure
4. The Atomic Energy for Peace Act was established in 1962 as the basic legislation
for peaceful utilization of nuclear energy. The subsequent Thai Atomic Energy
Commission (Thai AEC) was established to be a policy organ for the Thai government
to ensure the founding principle being readily implemented, and safe use of atomic
energy is carried out. By virtue of the same law, the Office of Atomic Energy for Peace(OAEP) was also established as the Secretariat to the Thai AEC, as the regulatory
authority and as the national research and development institute.

5. The major strategic development policy of the Thai AEC is in line with that of theInternational Atomic Energy Agency, or IAEA. That is to carry out principal role inestablishing operational policy and strategic programmes, guidelines and technicalprogrammes for peaceful application of nuclear technology. The role includes
coordination with the Permanent Missions to the IAEA in Vienna along with otherrelevant public and private organizations in Thailand on policy issues and technicalcooperation programme with the IAEA. Apart from being the Secretariat, OAEP isentrusted to carry out tasks relevant to its principal role which include ensuring that
Thailand adheres to the NPT regime and properly establishes national infrastructure forsafe and peaceful application of nuclear technology.

Re-organization
6. In the past 40 years, utilization of atomic energy in Thailand has been beneficial tonational socio-economic development. The Thai society has benefited safe use ofradiation, nuclear energy and nuclear materials, which contributed to better health care,increased agricultural products, high quality industrial production and public safety.
However, since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED) in 1992, the world communities have increasing concerns on human safety
and clean environment of which safe utilization of atomic energy is identified as aCountry Report
global issue. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been working
closely with its Member States, including Thailand, on upgrading of radiation protection
infrastructure to ensure proper and timely implementation of its International Basic
Safety Standards. The major recommendation to Thailand had been to urgently establish
proper national infrastructure for radiation protection of which regulatory authority is tobe “independently managed” from management of the operators - users of radiation
sources. The issue of “independent regulatory authority” has been a major concern of
the Government, which required major re-organization of OAEP and revision of thebasic atomic energy law. Incidentally, the radiological accident in Thailand in 2000
accelerated the re-organization process. While awaiting re-organization to be completed
and the revised law to be enacted, the old Ministerial Regulation (safety regulation) was
drafted to incorporate major lessons learned from the accident to be addressed to theextent allowable by the present Act. The new regulation is due to be promulgated by theend of this year. Furthermore, revision of the Act has been initiated with the assistanceof the IAEA.

7. With the current major policy of the Government to re-structure the whole Thaibureaucracy starting this October, OAEP has been re-structured to be separated into two
entities under the new Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). They are the
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) and the Thailand Institute on Nuclear Technology(TINT). The OAP is a government agency with major functions on coordination on
policy and strategic plans on all atomic energy matters, and as the single regulatory
authority. The TINT is a public agency (under government control) with major function
on research and development on nuclear technology, similar to the status of Japan
Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) or the Korean Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute (KAERI).

Strategic Development
8. On national infrastructure development, the re-organization is considered strategic.
Role of OAP in policy coordination and strategic plan development for peacefulutilization of atomic energy in Thailand will be strengthened to support development fornational and international peace and security and for national socio-economic
development. The single regulatory role is to be also strengthened to ensure reduced
risk and increased benefit of nuclear technology application in the country. However, toCountry Reportfurther strengthening both roles of OAP, internationally accepted standards andmeasures are to be incorporated in management strategy of OAP. Revision of thepresent Atomic Energy for Peace Act (1962) is required. The revision is to incorporate
new major elements to facilitate flexibility and effectiveness of the Act for OAP toenforce both national compliance of the NPT regime and safe regulations in compliancewith the international standards and measures set out by the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA).

9. On research and development, and utilization of nuclear technology, the newThailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) is considered strategic. TINT will beestablished with corporate-like management arrangement from which its business iscarried out with partners from both public and private sectors. The current Ministerial
Policy calls for TINT to redirect its mission to support export of agricultural produce
through irradiation and development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Its
main research tools are research reactors and irradiation facilities.

10. In addition, there are other strategic development using nuclear technology in otherinstitutes and laboratories, which will be strengthened through policy guidance andstrategic plans. They include Fast Neutron Accelerator Facility at Chiengmai University,
National Synchrotron Research Center of MOST and nuclear engineering facility at
Chulalongkorn University.

11. For nuclear power, it is recognized to have large capacity in producing competitiveelectricity without emission of greenhouse gases. It remains an option for future energy
development in Thailand, and consultation with the public is required.

Activities under Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
12. Thailand has been actively participating in various FNCA activities in the past year.
The seven areas of cooperation among the FNCA member countries are still relevant tothe above mentioned strategic development. They need to be expanded.

Country Report

Conclusion
13. In the past 40 years, Thailand has gone through different stages of research anddevelopment, and peaceful utilization of nuclear technology. Our experience has spelled
out number of success and shortcomings of the technological uses. The success has
been kept up for sustainable development while the shortcomings are to be strengthened
for further success and sustainability. Today, policy and planning, and safety
infrastructure have been strengthened to support future development needs in Thailand
as well as supporting our commitment in international peace and security. We are
hopeful that the current restructuring of the former OAEP will lead to more productive
and sustainable utilization of nuclear technology in next decades. I am also certain thatthe development will increased our productive participation in technical cooperation
with international organizations including those with the IAEA and those under FNCA
strategy.

Country Report

1-2-9 Country Report of Viet Nam
Vietnam Nuclear Research and Development Policy and FNCA
Activities
byProf. HOANG Van Huay
Deputy Minister of Science and Technology of Viet Nam

Your Excellencies,
Distinguished Delegates,
Ladies and Gentlemen.

It is great honor of the Delegation of Viet Nam to be here in Seoul and to participate in
the third meeting of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), which being cohosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea and the Atomic Energy
Commission of Japan.
On behalf of our Delegation, I warmly welcome the excellent arrangements made by
Korea and Japan for this important meeting and wish to take this opportunity to present
our best compliment to distinguished Ministers, Senior Officials, and Participants fromFNCA member countries.

It is my pleasure to briefly present some issues in relation to the nuclear policy, nuclear
power and sustainable development in Viet Nam, and progress being made by Viet Namin the implementation of cooperative activities under the FNCA framework.

1. Nuclear Policy of Viet Nam
Vietnam’s consistent policy on peaceful uses of nuclear energy has been evidenced byour conclusions with the NPT (1982), the South East Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone
Treaty (1995), and the CTBT (1997). Recently, the Government has entrusted the
MOST with CTBT National Contact-Point, which duty is to co-ordinate activities of
relevant organizations in order to submit to the National Assembly for the Treaty
ratification. Furthermore, Vietnam is considering possibility of conclusion with othertreaties and conventions, such as Additional Protocol, International Convention onCountry Report
Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials.

Under that policy, Viet Nam plans to strengthen the research and development, andutilization of nuclear energy serving the cause of national socio-economic development,
making significant contribution to the enhance of productivity, improvement of quality,
reduction of production costs, and health service. In order to orient and facilitate nuclear
activities, a draft “National nuclear policy and long-term program for research,development and utilization of atomic energy” is under formulation and compilation.

2. Study on Nuclear Power Development
In the national energy policy, nuclear power is considered as one of the important andindispensable energy sources and playing a role in the sustainable development of thecountry. Studies on the introduction of nuclear power in Viet Nam are being carried out
with the good results. In order to acquire the public acceptance and consensus to the
nuclear power development, public information and propagation through mass media,
especially television, play an extremely important role. On March of this year, a Viet
Nam - IAEA Workshop entitled “Regional Public Information on the Nuclear Energy
and Sustainable Development in Asia” was held in Ha Noi. During that time, atomic
energy and nuclear power news was broadcasting on the Vietnam Television (VTV) andcaused positive impression to the viewers. According to the result of the recent public
opinion survey on nuclear power on the Internet, among the 15,000 participants, there
were about more than seventy percent (70%) saying “Yes” to the nuclear power
development in Viet Nam.

With the aim of giving guidance to the implementation of research and development
activities on nuclear power, the Government of Viet Nam set up a National Steering
Committee for Nuclear Power Development. The two main duties being conducted forsubmission to the Government by the end of 2003 are the following:

1. Prepare a report on Pre-FS on the first NPP’s construction,
2.Study and elucidate seven (7) aspects in relation to the nuclear power development in Viet
Nam:
- Planning and plan for construction of nuclear power plants to 2030,- Nuclear power technology selection,

Country Report- Ensuring safety of nuclear power plants,-Treatment and management of radioactive waste discharged from nuclear power plants,- Manpower preparation for nuclear power projects- Nuclear fuel potential in Viet Nam,
-Framework of nuclear organizations, policy and measures necessary to successful
implementation of nuclear power development program in Viet Nam.

In the course of implementation of the research and development activities, Viet Nam
has received effective and efficient supports from the IAEA, regional countries,
especially form Japan and Korea. I would like to take this opportunity to express our
sincere appreciation to those valuable assistance and supports.

3. Nuclear Cooperative Activities under the FNCA Framework
Viet Nam has been participating in all FNCA activities. We take note with satisfactionthat the seven (7) projects under the FNCA framework have been addressing thesignificant issues of our region. Viet Nam has actively participated in all FNCA annual
workshops and exchanged experiences with other FNCA member countries throughthose events. In 2001, Viet Nam hosted successfully the 7th Workshop on Radioactive
Waste Management.

At this meeting we express our willingness to host other FNCA events planned in 2003,
especially to host the Fifth Ministerial Level Meeting of the FNCA be held in 2004.

In conclusion, the Delegation of Viet Nam wishes to welcomes the progress being
made in the implementation of nuclear cooperative activities under the FNCA
framework. We would like to reaffirm our full supports to the FNCA activities toenhance and to promote the application of nuclear science and technology for the sakeof peace and prosperity in the region and in the world.

Thank you for your attention.

Round Table Discussion

1-3 Session 2: Round Table Discussion
1-3-1 Lead-Off Comments on ‘Strategy for Human Resources
Development’
by Dr. Kyong Won Han
Head of Nuclear Training Center
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
1. Introduction
Qualified manpower is an essential element for the successful implementation ofnational long-term nuclear programs as well as associated R&D programs. Such
manpower could only be developed effectively under a well established national
strategy, which addresses adequately the need of human resources in terms of technicalareas, number of personnel and timing. In establishing such a strategy, account should
be taken on the availability of infrastructure for education and training, and thefeasibility of networking among institutions concerned at national as well asinternational levels. In this context, I would like to talk about the need of nuclear
human resources in Asia and the effort made by FNCA in addressing the need. Then I
will conclude my talk by suggesting some points for consideration in this discussion.
2. Needs of Nuclear Human Resources Development in Asia
Recently, many countries have expressed their concerns, in a number of international
meetings, about aging of human workforce in the nuclear field and sharp decline in thenumber of new entrants to the education and training in nuclear science and technology.
In order to better understand and discuss these worldwide phenomena, an IAEA
meeting on nuclear knowledge management was held in Vienna in June 2002. The
knowledge management was viewed in the aspect of knowledge preservation andsuccession planning of workforce, which are closely linked to human resources
development. Participants of the meeting recommended IAEA to consider 18
activities including integration of existing nuclear data and information bases,
networking of institutions for nuclear education and training, facilitating thedevelopment of curricula for internationally accepted higher university degrees on
nuclear technology, establishment of an International Nuclear University, and attracting

Round Table Discussion

the new generation of students into the nuclear area. The knowledge management
issue was further discussed in an IAEA Scientific Forum held in September 2002.
Suggestions from the forum included formulation of clusters by nations with a similar
economic and cultural situation, and networking for education and training on a regional bases.
It may be obvious that Asian countries share the view on the importance of nuclear
manpower development in the same way as discussed above. However, they seem tohave more particular reasons for having interests in the human resources development.
It is in Asian countries where most of the current constructions of nuclear power plants
in the world are taking place. While, a large number of Asian countries seem to focus on
non-power activities and consequently have their primary interest, for the time being, inthe utilization of radioisotopes. Along this line, Asian countries could be categorized
as the following groups:- countries operating NPPs;- countries planning construction of NPPs;- countries conducting R&D on NPPs;- countries focusing on non-power activities.
This regional specific situation could be interpreted as an indication that there is a highneed of human resources to address the increasing activities in nuclear fields in Asian
countries. It also indicates that diverse groups of human resources will be required tomeet the different areas of interests from the groups mentioned above. In this context,
cooperation among Asian countries is felt beneficial in the sense that it can solvecommon problems of human resource development, which are specific to the region.
Also, the idea of regional approach is in line with the concept of cooperation brought
about from the aforementioned IAEA meetings.
3. Efforts Made by FNCA on Human Resources Development
It is our recognition that FNCA has made a great effort in promoting regional
cooperation to meet the need of human resources for the sustainable development of
nuclear industries in Asia. In general, all of the FNCA projects being carried out havecontributed to the human resource development by dealing with important subjects, i.e.
utilization of research reactors, application of radioisotopes and radiation for agriculture,application of radioisotopes and radiation for medical use, public information of nuclear
energy, radioisotope waste management, and nuclear safety culture. Moreover, it isRound Table Discussion

felt encouraging that FNCA deals with the issue of human resources development undera separate project. The project is promoting the following activities:- Information of national strategies on human resources development has been
exchanged through meetings;- Investigation has been conducted to collect and analyze basic data about nuclear
research institutions, universities, radiation and isotope applications, nuclear
training courses, etc. From this year, further survey of basic data will be
conducted for better creation of joint projects for member countries;- Discussions have been initiated to deal with strategy issues on how to attract the
young generation, and how to secure the safety of research reactors and inradioisotope utilization;- Discussions have been conducted on the establishment of Asian Institute of
Nuclear Science and Technology (proposed by Indonesia) and International
Nuclear University (proposed to the IAEA by Korea). Also an activity ofdeveloping a textbook on radiation protection was launched in order to improveand harmonize training capabilities in member countries.
4. Suggestions for Future Cooperation for Human Resources Development
As discussed above, the importance of human resources development in the field of
nuclear is recognized worldwide. Asian region is not an exception and in need ofregional cooperation in order to solve common problems together in an effective way.
FNCA has made a great contribution to the regional cooperation and its effort is
expected to continue. In this context, it is felt essential to review the strategies ofhuman resources development at national and regional levels in order to have the future
regional cooperation more effective. Now I would like to bring the following items forconsideration by the audience in discussing the strategy issue:- Promotion of exchange of information on human resources development
strategies in connection with nuclear knowledge management;- Development of programs for attracting the young generation to nuclear scienceand technology;- Harmonization of diverse interests in technical areas;- Formulation of an Asian network of higher education and training in nuclear
technology for the preparation of the establishment of International Nuclear
University in the future;- Cooperation and interaction with other regions for human resources development.

Round Table Discussion

1-3-2 Lead-Off Comments on ‘Sustainable Development andNuclear Energy’by
Mr. Tetsuya Endo
Vice-chairman
Atomic Energy Commission
Introduction
Sustainable development is something everyone seeks -- people in developing countries
probably most of all. Energy is essential to sustainable development, and requires
harmonizing the "three E's": Energy Security, Economic Growth and Environmental
Protection. With this in mind, I would like to touch briefly on sustainable
development and nuclear energy.
Economic Growth and Energy
The economic fundamentals of Asian countries are good, and I believe firmly that theireconomic growth will continue hereafter. In that case, energy demand will increase
without doubt. Except for those few Asian oil and natural gas producing nations, eachnation is highly dependent on Middle Eastern crude oil.
Japan has a very large economy and almost no natural energy resources. Its rate of energy
self-sufficiency is only 4% without nuclear energy*.

So, for its own energy security, nuclear

energy is indispensable.
*With nuclear energy, the rate of energy self-sufficiency is 20%

How we see our energy needs in the medium term is the starting point for discussing therelationship between nuclear energy and sustainable development.
Environmental Problems and Nuclear Energy
The Kyoto Protocol requires that industrially advanced nations reduce their emissions ofgreenhouse gases -- the cause of global warming -- by an average 5.2% from the levelof 1990. They are to do this during the first commitment period under the Protocol,
from 2008 through 2012. Specifically, the EU must reduce emissions by 8%; theUnited States, 7% (but it has not ratified the protocol); and Japan, 6%.
The OECD/NEA published a booklet titled ”Nuclear Energy in a SustainableRound Table Discussion

Development Perspective” in 2000. The booklet reviews characteristics of nuclear
energy from the economic, environmental and social viewpoints in terms of sustainable
development, and provides data and analysis on the nuclear energy option.
In another booklet published last July titled "Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol,"the OECD/NEA says that without nuclear power generation, carbon dioxide emissions
from power stations in OECD member countries would be higher by about 30% -- byabout 1200 million tons per year, 10% of carbon dioxide emissions from all energy use
in those countries. The booklet says nuclear power generation has played an importantrole in reducing greenhouse gases in OECD countries for the past 40 years.
In the negotiations toward implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, however, this was notrecognized. Voices from anti-nuclear countries were disproportionately strong, andnuclear energy was excluded, unfortunately, from the Protocol's Clean Development
Mechanisms -- CDM's. Nor was the positive role that nuclear energy can playrecognized at the Johannesburg Summit. That should certainly be changed for thesecond commitment period under the Protocol, which starts in 2013.
Relationship between Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy
Currently, 53 nuclear power plants provide nearly 35% of Japan's total electricity. By 2010, it
is expected that another dozen or so units will have been built, increasing the figure to 40%.
To the best of my knowledge, 17 nuclear power plants provide almost 40% of total
electricity in Korea. Two nuclear power plants started commercial operation in China
this year, bringing the number of nuclear power plants now operating there to five.
Sustainable development and nuclear energy go together in more ways than electricity
generation -- more, even, than such well-known things as cancer therapy, mutation
breeding in agriculture, and industrial processes. I'm referring now to the area ofenvironmental protection, where radiation can also be used, for example, to reduce ortrace pollutants. This, too, is important for social development and long-term
improvements to people's well-being.
Conditions of Peaceful Utilization of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy has issues: safety problems, weapons proliferation, treatment anddisposal of radioactive waste, and public acceptance. But nuclear generation emits no

Round Table Discussion

carbon dioxide. It also has a very high "energy density" -- meaning a great deal ofenergy is available from a nuclear system.
If the issues can be resolved, the problems overcome, nuclear energy can continue to be a major
and very useful energy source, and the positive uses of radiation can be similarly expanded.
Since the purpose of peaceful use is to improve human welfare, utmost care and effort
on those four specific issues -- safety, non-proliferation, radioactive waste, and public
acceptance -- must be made. And it is most effective, I think, if individual countries
do not work alone. We all have much in common. Mutual understanding andcooperative international efforts are needed now.
Where those four issues are linked is in the need to foster the development ofappropriate human resources. Everything becomes more difficult if people withprofessional knowledge are not available to fill important positions when needed.
Position of Nuclear Energy in Sustainable Development
Asian countries can be roughly divided into three groups, depending on the state of theirpeaceful nuclear use or development. The first group would be countries and regions
actively promoting nuclear power generation. The second group consists of countries
thinking affirmatively about introducing nuclear power generation sometime in the
future. The third group includes countries that do not expect to introduce nuclear
power generation for a while, but do focus on uses of radiation.
Similarly, the uses of nuclear energy -- where it is now used -- vary from country to country,
reflecting the diversity of conditions in Asia. On the whole, though, I think the peacefuluse of nuclear energy contributes greatly to sustainable development in the region.
Final Words
Although there are differences among countries in their uses and plans for nuclear energy,
this means their ideas and approaches will be different and creative as well. I hope that mycomments will serve as a reference for discussions in the roundtable session.
References
OECD/NEA
OECD/NEA

Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Development Perspective
Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto ProtocolSummary Report of SOM

Summary Report of the Third Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)

1. The Third Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) was held in Seoul, Korea,
co-hosted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea and theAtomic Energy Commission, Cabinet Office of Japan on October 30, 2002
with the participation of the Senior Officials of the FNCA countries. Listof the participants is attached (attachment 1).
2. Mr. Chung Won Cho, DG, Atomic Energy Bureau, MOST made opening
address.
3. Agenda of the Third SOM was adopted as proposed (attachment 2)
4. Item 1
The report on the Conclusion of the Third FNCA Coordinators Meeting(CM) and on progress in FNCA activities after the last SOM in 2001 wasintroduced by the FNCA Coordinator of Japan for discussion. The
ongoing FNCA projects were noted for their remarkable achievements andprogress, namely "Radiation Therapy for Uterine Cervix Cancer", "Nuclear
Safety Culture", "Radioactive Waste Management" and "PublicInformation of Nuclear Energy".
The SOM also noted that three new projects "Application of Electron
Beam Accelerator", "Tc-99m Generator Production" and "Bio-fertilizer",
which were approved at the last SOM were initiated in 2002 as planned andtheir work plan has been formulated.
The strategic plans of the project on “Public Information for Nuclear
Energy” and the project on “Human Resources Development” agreed uponat the 3rd CM were endorsed by the SOM.
5. Item 2
Under the item on "Management and Operation of FNCA Activities",
the proposal that the project on "Sustainable Development and Nuclear
Energy in Asia" recommended by the 3rd CM be forwarded to the Third
FNCA meeting was endorsed by the SOM. It was noted that the funds forthe projects has not been secured.

Summary Report of SOM

As for the project on the "Asian Institute of Nuclear Science andTechnology (AINST)” proposed by Indonesia, it was suggested that this be
re-examined in the view of the ongoing IAEA project on International
Nuclear University.
The proposed project on "Marine Environmental Pollution Research andMonitoring Using Nuclear and Nuclear Related Analytical Techniques"
was endorsed subject to the revision not to duplicate the RCA activities.
It was also noted that the proposal may have some synergy with theongoing project in "NAA Application for Monitoring Airborne Particles"With regard to the operation rules of project the SOM endorsed theconclusion of the Third CM on the function of project leading country andthe duration of project.
6. Item 3
The anticipated elements of the statements from the Ministerial Level
Representative of each country were briefly introduced for two topics,"Strategy of Human Resources Development" and "Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy", and comments on the current situation
for some countries were presented.
With regard to the first topic “Strategy of Human Resources
Development,” The Senior Officials underlined the importance of thehuman resources development in terms of knowledgepreservation and recruiting the young generation in the field of
nuclear science and applications. They also recognized thenecessity of feasibility study on the Asian regional networking
scheme for nuclear research and training. Participating
countries agreed on the importance of networking not only at thenational level but also at the regional level, and emphasized theopportunity to make most of the existing information andknowledge currently available, using the IT assisted educational
methodology.
Regarding the second topic “Sustainable Development andNuclear Energy,” the statement that the Nuclear Energy is an
important option for sustainable development in the context of
economic growth, national energy security, Kyoto Protocol andCDM, was introduced by Japan. The participating countries
shared their views on that matter. It was agreed that theSummary Report of SOM

comment by the Ministers will be duly reflected at the summary
report of the Third FNCA Meeting.
As for the new project in this field proposed by Indonesia,
constructive comments on the scope and methodologies weremade and it was suggested that the project be further focusedreflecting the following aims:
1.

2.

3.

To share the tools, methodologies such as developed by
IEA and IAEA for energy planning and the use of these to
assist in the assessment of least cost production ofelectricity and GHG emissions from different energy
mixes;To share the results of these studies with other countries
in the FNCA so that the regional picture of energy
demand and impact of energy mix on GHG emissions canbe developed, taking into account the energy security of
the region;
For those countries interested in undertaking economic
feasibility studies to share relevant economic
methodologies and assist the use thereof, in order toassess the break even points for small/medium/large
reactors in interested countries.

It was agreed that the outcome of such a study could assist in
the formulation of national energy policies and that a modified
version of the project will be submitted to the next Coordinators
Meeting in Japan for adoption of the revised project/work plan.
7.
The representative from IAEA made observation about this project
proposal since some parts of the proposed work scope have already been
carried out under RCA, thus synergy effect could be further sought.
8.
The report of the SOM should be submitted to the MM for its
consideration.

Agenda of SOM

2-1 Agenda of the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of the third
FNCA Meeting
1) Date:Wednesday, October 30, 2002
2) Place: ASEM Hall, COEX, Seoul, Korea
3) Sponsored by: The Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) of Korea
The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Cabinet Office of Japan4) Supported by: The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS)The Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH)
The Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company (KHNP) andThe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology (MEXT) of Japan
5) In Cooperation with: Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (JAIF)
6) Basic Theme: “Atoms for the Next Generation ”
7) Working Language: English
Wednesday, October 30

Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
09:00
10:00-10:15

Registration
Opening- Opening Address:
Dr. Chung Won Cho
Director General, Atomic Energy Bureau
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)- Self-introduction of Participants

10:15-11:15

Item 1“Report on Third FNCA Coordinators Meeting (CM) and Progressof FNCA Activities”
Chair:
Mr. John Keuk Chung
Public Information and International Cooperation
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
Lead-off Speaker:

Agenda of SOM
Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan

11:15-12:15

Item 2“Management and Operation of FNCA Activities”
Chair:
Dr. Vuong Huu Tan, Chairman
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)
Lead-off Speaker:
Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan- Proposal of New Projects- Operation Rules of Projects

12:15-13:45

Lunch jointly hosted by MOST of Korea and AEC of Japan< at Room 203, 2nd Floor, COEX >13:45-16:00

Item 3“Preliminary Talks on Round Table Discussion of MM”
Chair:
Dr. Chung Won Cho
Director General, Atomic Energy Bureau, MOST
Topic 1: Strategy of Human Resources Development- Lead-off Speaker: Dr. Kyung Won Han
Head of Nuclear Training Center
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute- Introduction of each country’s view
- Discussion
Topic 2: Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy- Lead-off Speaker: Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office of Japan- Introduction of each country’s view
- Discussion

Agenda of SOM

16:30-17:00

Closing
Chair:
Dr. Chung Won Cho
Director General, Atomic Energy Bureau, MOST
Rapporteur: Korea and Japan
with assistance of Australia and Malaysia- Summary Report of SOM
Closing Remarks: Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office of Japan

19:00

Welcome Reception and Dinner hosted by
H.E. Dr. Young Bok Chae, Minister of Science and Technology< Welcome Reception: at Zelkova, 2nd floor, COEX Inter-Continental >< Dinner for Head Delegates: at Mercury, 30th floor,
COEX Inter-Continental>

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting

2-2 Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting
2-2-1 Report on the 3rd FNCA Coordinators Meeting andProgress of FNCA Projects

1. The 3rd FNCA Coordinators Meeting (CM)(1) The meeting was held from March 6-8, 2002 in Tokyo with therepresentatives from all FNCA countries. The meeting agenda is
attached as Annex-1(2) The Minutes of the meeting are attached as Annex-2(3) Major conclusions are following:1) The on-going projects including 3 new projects were reviewed
and work plan was approved.
2) It was confirmed that the FNCA projects have gained specificfocus with the significant shifts in project management from ameeting-oriented approach to a problem-solving one.
(Attachment 1 of Annex-2)
3) In order to strengthen the partnership and commitment ofparticipating countries, the role of leading country of project
have been clarified and the duration of project has been agreed
to be 3 to 5 years as Attachment 5 of Annex-2.
4) The strategic plan of the PI project was discussed andformulated as the attachment 4 of Annex-2 to be submitted tothe 3rd FNCA Meeting for its endorsement. The proposal of
Joint Survey on "Radiation" for high school student wasapproved to be implemented in 2002.

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting5) The strategic plan of Human Resources Development (HRD)
Project was agreed as shown in the attachment 4 of Annex-2 tobe submitted to the 3rd FNCA Meeting for its endorsement.
The Survey of basic data on HRD in each FNCA country wasapproved.
6) Four project proposals were reviewed (Item 2).
7) The theme of the 3rd FNCA Meeting "Atoms for the Next
Generation" proposed by Korea was supported.
2. Major Progress of FNCA Projects(1) Radiotherapy of Uterine Cervix Cancer
The project on "Radiotherapy of Uterine Cervix Cancer" hasachieved remarkable progress in 210 clinical tests of advanced
protocol in participating countries for 5 years. Survival rate forphase III-B patients at 5 years after treatment using the protocol is
54% and the local control rate of tumors is 82%, which show
remarkable improvement.
The guidebook on the treatment
protocol has been published in 2002 for therapists. At the
RCA/IAEA Training Workshop on Radiation Oncology held inJapan, this protocol was used. This is a good example of thesynergy between the FNCA and the RCA.
(2) Mutation Breeding
The project on "Mutation Breeding" has started a new specificresearch programme to develop new varieties of drought-resistantsorghum and soybean in 2002, and will also start the developmentof insect-resistant orchid in 2003. The mutant stock repository forrice has been in operation in Thailand and the Philippines since
2001.

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting(3) Public Information (PI) for Nuclear Energy
According to the agreement at the 3rd CM, the project on"Public Information (PI) for Nuclear Energy" has carried out thejoint survey on "Radiation" for 1,100 high school students in eachof the eight participating countries. The results are currently being
analyzed to be used for better strategy of PI. A strategic plan of
the FNCA project on PI was agreed upon at the 3rd CM as shown in
Attachment 4 of the Annex-2 to be submitted to the 3rd FNCA
Meeting for its endorsement.
(4) Nuclear Safety Culture for Research Reactor
For the project on "Nuclear Safety Culture for Research
Reactors", self-assessment has been conducted in FNCA countries
in reference to the IAEA Safety Convention for NPPs in order to
identify the areas for further improvement in fostering safety culture
and improving safety management, and the results have beenreviewed at the project workshop. At the last project workshop in
2001 "the peer review of safety culture for research reactor" wasagreed upon and the first review will be carried out in Vietnam, on
the research reactor of Dalat Nuclear Research Institute inconjunction with the project workshop in January 2003.
(5) Human Resources Development (HRD)
As for the project on "Human Resources Development(HRD)", the 3rd CM revised the draft overall strategic plan of HRD
project prepared by the FNCA Coordinator of Japan as attachment 4of Annex-2 to be submitted at the 3rd FNCA Meeting for its
endorsement. The survey of basic data on HRD namely, currently
available human resources and the demand to meet national
programme are being carried out in FNCA participating countries,
which is useful to formulate a national strategy of HRD and thestrategy of FNCA's HRD project. The survey and its analysis will

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting

be completed in 3 years according to the work plan agreed by the
HRD Workshop in October 2002. Taking into account the resultsof survey the HRD Project strategy will be revised.
(6) Nuclear Activation Analysis (NAA) Application for Monitoring
Airborne Particle
Environmental protection is a long standing serious issue in
FNCA countries. The project on "Nuclear Activation Analysis(NAA) Application for Monitoring Airborne Particle" is developing"Ko- method", which greatly improves efficiency of NAA to beaffordable in measurement of large number of environmental
samples. The Chinese expert has played an important role for the
improvement of Ko-method. The sampling of airborne particles isbeing conducted using filters provided by Japan.
(7) Radioactive Waste Management (RWM)
In the project on " Radioactive Waste Management (RWM)"
the Task Group for the sub-project on "Management of Spent
Radiation Source" had successful visits to relevant facilities anddiscussion to further improve the management in Indonesia andKorea in 2002. The consolidated report on RWM is about to be
published in December 2002.
(8) Tc-99m Generator Production
New projects on "Tc-99m Generator Production" has started
to develop the technology to prepare Tc-99m generator using
Mo-99 produced by (n, γ ) reaction using Poly-Zirconium
Compound (PZC) adsorbent. There has been remarkable progressin design of production system of the generator based on benchscale cold test in Japan. A larger bench scale semi-automatic plant
will be installed in BATAN, Indonesia and tested using radioactive
Mo-99 before and during the next FNCA Workshop in early 2003.
The PZC has been distributed from Japan to participating countries

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meetingfor their experiments.
(9) Biofertilizer
The project on "Biofertilizer" approved in 2001 hasformulated the work plan including the field demonstration inparticipating countries after 2003. N-15 tracer technique andradiation sterilization will be used for the selection of suitablerhyzobia and preparation of the carrier, respectively.
(10) Application of Accelerator
In the project on "Application of Accelerator" approved lastyear, the project work plan has been formulated at the 1st Workshop
for liquid, solid (powder and thin film) and gaseous targets. At the
2nd Workshop demonstration for liquid system will be conductedby the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) in
December 2002. Cost analysis will be an important element ofstudy.

Report to the 3rd FNCA Meeting

2-2-2 Management and Operation of FNCA Activities
1. Proposals of New Project(1) Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy"Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy" is an
important issue and was discussed at the 2nd FNCA Meeting
followed by two expert meetings participated by China, Indonesia,
Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The meetings fully recognized theimportant roles of nuclear energy in the reduction of GHG (Green
House Gas) and the diversification of energy sources, andformulated a work plan as Annex-3. The 3rd CM recommended
that the 3rd FNCA Meeting should approve a project on "Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy in Asia". The endorsements orapprovals of the SOM and the MM are sought.
(2) Asian Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (AINST)
The project proposal in 2001 on "Asian Institute of Nuclear
Science and Technology (AINST)" from Indonesia was suggested by
the 3rd CM to be further investigated by the Workshop of HRD
project. The Workshop held on October 8-10, 2002 suggested the
AINST concept should be further evolved to maximize the benefits
to FNCA participating countries. Feasibility of networking schemeof existing nuclear research/training centres and universities should
be studied as pointed out by the strategic plan of the HRD project.
(3) Marine Environmental Pollution Research and Monitoring Using
Nuclear and Nuclear-related Analytical Techniques and FNCA
Database
The project on "Marine Environmental Pollution Research andMonitoring Using Nuclear and Nuclear-related Analytical
Techniques and FNCA Database" (Annex-4) proposed by Vietnam
was briefly discussed at the 3rd CM in 2002. The meetingReport to the 3rd FNCA Meetingsuggested that the FNCA Coordinator of Japan should consult with
the IAEA to avoid duplication. In the consultation it was noted thatthe measurement of radioactivities in marine is being implemented
by the RCA Project RAS 8/083 (Annex-5). Therefore, a part of theVietnam proposal on monitoring radioactivities should be deleted.
The remaining part, namely monitoring toxic heavy metals in marine
may be implemented in combination with ongoing FNCA project on"NAA Application for Monitoring Airborne Particles." because
NAA is also useful for the measurement of heavy metals in marine.
The proposal will be re-submitted by Vietnam after modification
taking these points into consideration for discussion at the next CM.
(4) Nuclear Instrumentation Maintenance Network
The project on "Nuclear Instrumentation Maintenance Network"(Annex-6) was proposed by Indonesia just before the 3rd CM andbriefly discussed.
Some representatives suggested to avoid
overlapping with the RCA project with similar activities. In RCA
there is no project on instrument maintenance though RAS/4/017 formaintenance of analytical instrument not including medical
instruments was initiated in 1999 (Annex-7) and implemented
through Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries(TCDC) as the regional project and not RCA.
The malfunction of nuclear instruments in medical andscientific institutions is long-standing problem due to the lack ofproper maintenance. The proposal includes establishment of themaintenance programme and the training for trainers focusing
medical instruments. The consultation and discussion should
accordingly be made by e-mail, and an expert meeting should beorganized subject to availability of funds for the preparation ofmaintenance strategy. The more refined and detail plan should besubmitted to the 4th CM in 2003 for discussion and approval.
2. Operation Rules of ProjectReport to the 3rd FNCA Meeting

The roles of leading country and the duration of FNCA project werereviewed by the 3rd CM and the rules described in Attachment 5 ofAnnex-2, were adopted. The rules have been in effective since FY 2002.
Table: Projects and Leading Countries
Fields and Projects

Leading Countries

1. Utilization of Research Reactor
1) Tc-99m

Japan, Indonesia

2) Neutron Activation Analysis

Japan3) Neutron ScatteringJapan

2. Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Agriculture1) Mutation Breeding2) Bio-fertilizer

Japan
Vietnam, Japan

3. Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Medical Use

Japan

4. Public Information of Nuclear EnergyJapan

5. Radioactive Waste ManagementJapan

6. Nuclear Safety Culture

Australia

7. Human Resources Development

Japan

8. Industrial Application
・Electron Beam Accelerator

Japan, Vietnam