Workshop on WEPA Action Program in Indonesia. 23 and 24 January, 2019.
Application of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for Effluent Discharge Permit and Capacity Building forLocal Officials to Implement the TMDLs

Pilot project on textile industry
wastewater treatment technology(combination of ABR and DHS) inCitarum river basin

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Today’s contents
1. Results of preliminary study (i.e., Background of pilotproject)
1.1 Loadings to Citarum river
1.2 Typical wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) andrunning cost
1.3 Issues of wastewater treatment in textile industries2. Overview of pilot project
2.1 Background & objectives
2.2 Proposed WWT technologies (Combination ofAnaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) and Down-flow
Hanging Sponge (DHS) reactor)
2.3 Activities & schedule2

1.1 Results of preliminary survey• Both domestic-municipal and industrial measures are necessary tohave water quality approach river standards (ADB, 2012 Nov).
Scenario 1: Current (2010) situation
Scenario 2: Reference case for 2030,
assuming continuing current
trend and no project interference
Scenario 3: Treat Domestic wastewater
Scenario 4: Treat industrial wastewater
Scenario 5: Treat Domestic and Industrial
water
Scenario 6: Treat Domestic and Industrial
water + recycle industrial water
useScenario 7: Post treatment of all effluent ofdomestic

2010

Future (2030)
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1.1 Results of preliminary survey• Survey in 3 textile industries had been conducted in Co-benefit
project of MOEJ.
• These industries have WWTP as below.
• DCA (Decoloring Agent) was used in these industries to comply
with the effluent standards.
Factory B (2,000 m3/day)
Influent1

Influent2

Equalizationtank↓H2SO4
Neutralization tank

Equalizationtank↓H2SO4
Neutralizatio
n tankAnoxic tank
↓PAC, DCA
Coagulation
tank

ClarifierAnaerobic
tank

Aerobic
tank

ClarifierEffluent

Sludge treatment

HRT in biological process: 37 hours
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1.1 Results of preliminary survey
Factory C (1,800 m3/day)
Influent

Equalizationtank↓H2SO4
Neutralizatio
n tankAerobic
tank

Clarifier↓DCA
Coagulation
tank

ClarifierEffluent

Sludge treatment

HRT in biological process: Unknown

Factory D (1,000 m3/day)
Influent1

Influent2

Equalizationtank↓H2SO4
Neutralizatio
n tankEqualizationtank↓H2SO4
Neutralizatio
n tankAnaerobictank

Aerobic tank

Clarifier↓PAC, DCA、Polymer
Coagulation
Sand filtertanktank

Cationexchanger

Effluent

Sludge treatment

HRT in biological process: 48 hours

Manufacturing processRO
membrane51.1 Results of preliminary survey• Running cost ranged from 10,400 IDR/m3 to 19,160 IDR/m3.
• Most of running cost was occupied by chemicals and electricity.

61.2 Issues of WWT in textile industries
1. Wastewater treatment technologies such as aerobic/anaerobic
activated sludge and chemical process have been alreadyintroduced into some large-size industries.
2. However, running cost was expensive. Cost per volume ofwastewater shall raise If construction cost included. It may bedifficult for more smaller industries to introduce WWTP that cancomply with the effluent standards.
3. It was also reported that self-reported COD removal efficiency isof 90%, whereas those externally measured is of only 40% (DeVries, 2012; Kerstens et.,al, 2016). Removal efficiency ofintroduced WWTP may be lower than expected.
4. It is necessary to develop energy-saving, low running costwastewater treatment technologies that can be applied to small,medium, and large size industries.

72.1 Background & objectives
The measures for gray/black water and wastewaterfrom industries, especially textile industries, must be
taken to improve Citarum. Therefore, the objectives ofthis project are• To demonstrate effectiveness of wastewater
treatment technology in Japan, and• To disseminate it for improving water quality inCitarum river.
Implementer: Nihon Suido Consultants Co,.Ltd.
Sanki Engineering Co.,Ltd.
Nagaoka University of Technology
82.2 Proposed WWT technologies

Characteristics of proposed treatment process are;1)The DHS media has excellent organism retentivity
Reduce the sludge production
2) Aerobic treatment without mechanical aeration
Low energy consumption and low running cost3) Degradation of refractory organic matter in ABRHigh removal rate of COD and color compared to typicaltreatment process (aerobic activated sludge process)92.2 Proposed WWT technologies
Details of DHS reactor is as follow.

102.2 Proposed WWT technologies

UASB: Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
112.3 Activities & schedule
Phase1 (From December, 2018 to March, 2019)• Pretest of wastewater treatment in a factory• Survey on construction cost of WWTP in Indonesia
Phase2 (From April, 2019 to March, 2020)• Design of pilot wastewater treatment facility based on pretest• Installation and operation for 6 months (Sep. 2019 to Feb. 2020)
Phase3 (From April, 2020 to March, 2021)• Evaluation of effectiveness of proposed process

12Reference1) ADB. (2012 Nov) TA 7189-INO Package B: Water Quality inCitarum River: Planning interventions to improve water quality
in upper Citarum River. Jakarta, Indonesia.
2) De Vries, D. (2012) BSc Thesis: Feasible Wastewater
Treatment Technologies for Upper Citarum’s Textile Companies.
Wageningen University, Wageningen.
3) Kerstens, S.M., Hutton, G., Firmansyah, I., Leusbrock, I. andZeeman, G.
(2016) An Integrated Approach to Evaluate
Benefits and Costs of Wastewater and Solid Waste
Management to Improve the Living Environment: The Citarum
River in West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental
Protection, 7, 1439-1465.

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Acknowledgment
A part of preliminary study had been conducted with KLHK
generous cooperation, especially Ms. NOOR RACHMANIAH,
Deputy Director of Sub Directorate Water Pollution and Domestic
Waste Control, Directorate of Water Pollution Control, Directorate
General for Pollution and Environmental Degradation Control,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
We appreciate kind cooperation of KLHK staff.

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TERIMA KASIH BANYAK15