Collaborative Graduate Program in Design, Kyoto University

Collaborative Graduate Program in Design, Kyoto University

DESIGN OF ANSHIN‘ANSHIN’ the Narrative Based
Designing (Since it is beautiful, it is truly useful)

Naohide Tomita
M.D., D. Eng., D.Med.Sci.
Professor
Medical Engineering Laboratory
Graduate School of Engineering
Kyoto University‘ANSHIN’ is a Japanese word to express feeling ofMedicine). The EBM and NBM do not confront eachhimself ‘The lamplighter would be scorned by the king,achieving safety, and I think that our’ANSHIN’ project isother, and are like two sides of the same coin andby the conceited man, by the tippler, and by thekind of artistic activities. However if every person werecomplement each other just like musical performancesbusinessman. However, he is the only one of them all

to share the same artistic value, that would become ain order to support the each step of medical treatment

who does not seem to me ridiculous. His work has somekind of religious belief. Each person has various values

for patients.

meaning. When he lights his lamp, it is as if he brought
one more star to life, or one ﬂower. When he puts out his

to ‘ANSHIN’ and there should not be any objective in it.

‘MIMAMORI’ for Diverse Narratives

lamp, he sends the ﬂower, or the star, to sleep. That is a

‘ANSHIN’ is a sort of praying that each person follow the

Taking the practice of the NBM into consideration, if we(Quoting from chapter 14th of ‘Le Petit Prince)each forms and rules. When I say praying, I am referring

are asked to point out one guiding principle ofto what Japanese painter Kagaku Murakami said in the‘ANSHIN’, it is going to be summarized to the word

If the ‘ANSHIN’ products and ideas are measured from

‘GARON’ that ‘Creation is like praying inside the locked‘MIMAMORI’ the Japanese word to watch over. It is

the experts view point, the works of students seem to beroom’. Similarly ‘ANSHIN’ could be also explained asnecessary for us to be conscious that the ‘MIMAMORI’

self-satisfying and not yet practical. However, in mypray ing b ut ins t ea d o f l o c k e d ro o m, i t i s i n theis the way harder to conduct than managing andopinion there is beauty inside these products and ideas;interaction among people helping each other. I also

instructing. In fact because I had not realized how hard‘a desk for medical consultation’, ‘a parents-freewant to refer Japanese poet Takaaki Yoshimoto said that

it was, I had made several mistakes that jeopardize

hospital’, ‘a bedside pochette’, ‘funeral equipment’, ‘ana best novel makes each people feel that only he or shesome safety before. In the self-organizational ‘ANSHIN’

in-hospital library’, ‘a waiting room for children’ etc. We

can ﬁnd the meaning of it. If there is a well-madepractice, seniors need to prepare for the situation where

who already become the king, the conceited man, the‘ANSHIN’, unlike the religious dogma or any otherpeople have self-opinionated risks. However, thebusinessman, and the tippler, may have mission toconcept of safety that many people share in common, it‘MIMAMORI’ is also the kind of artistic activity that mostcreate the ‘MIMAMORI’ system where each of ours h o u l d b e s p re a d i n g a c ro s s t h e c o m m u n i t y b yliving creatures have in common, and its essential‘ANSHIN’ to spread to be reality.

maintaining diversity of irreplaceable values of eachpoints are diversity and absence of written purpose. If

person. The starting point of this concept is ﬁnding yourthere is the environment where each of us look for ourown ‘ANSHIN’ rather than somebody deﬁne it.

interest to ‘do’ or look for something we have to do, andThis is what make our project even more challenging.
Safety is a desire that all people have in common, but

beautiful! And since it is beautiful, it is truly useful.’

if each individual feels the responsibility, ‘ANSHIN’ may
You might say that so the ‘ANSHIN’ is somehow

be more safe than safety. Because, in reality the

self-satisfying. Let’s imagine if you or your family comeinconvenience tend to occur at unexpected time anddown with illness and urge to take some actions.

places. And disappointingly sometime, the safety

Probably most of the people choose to take well-chosen

managements tends to become smearing a

medical treatment. In fact, when I was placed in such a

responsibility onto each other.

situation before, I requested for the treatment that2backed up by scientiﬁc evidence. People may choose

To end my introduction of ‘ANSHIN’, I would like to add

concrete and thoroughly researched medical treatments

my explanation for the subheading ‘Since it is beautiful,rather than diversiﬁed, non-objective andit is truly useful’. This is a sentence from chapter 14th of

non-evidentially proven works like ‘ANSHIN’.

‘Le Petit Prince’ by Antoine de Saint Exupery, where the

Nowadays, medical systems have been well designed

little prince visit the small star of a lamplighter. The

to stand on scientiﬁc evidence called EBM (Evidence

lamplighter follow a profession to light the lamp in theBased Medicine). In contrast, treatments based on eachmorning, and to put it out in the evening. But the planet

patient’s life and story is called NBM (Narrative based

makes a turn every minute. The little prince say to

3

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

Notes on ANSHIN Design

Yutaka Yamauchi

Ph.D. in Management
Senior Lecturer
Graduate School of Management
Kyoto University

We eat safe foods, use safe products, ride safe vehicles, and receive safe healthcare. But what does it mean to be safe?

If we keep the discourse open and consider various

need to participate. Furthermore, designing ANSHIN

An engineer that develops an electronic medical record system told me the following story. It is not enough to help

other possible choices, then we loose the ground forcannot be done solely by designers. All stakeholders

medical professionals do their work more easily and productively. They need to achieve safety for the ultimate

making the claim.

are required to practice it. As practice, it is an ongoingend-users, that is, patients. They, however, claim that they achieve this safety by showing a pop-up window when

Safety is impossible in the ﬁrst place. The reason isachievement, not some ﬁrmly grounded substance.

medical professionals choose potentially risky actions. The medical professionals then need to click the button to closethat to claim something is safe, we need to anticipate

Even if ar tifacts are designed, they need to be

the pop-up and continue with their work. This is the basis on which they can claim that their system is safe. Safety might

all possible unpredictable incidents and ensure that

constantly redesigned.

or might not result from this system design. Medical professionals would come to click the button more or lessthe artifact is safe. Anticipating the unpredictable is

N o n e t h e l e s s , d e s i g n e r s ’ j o b i s t o c re a t e s o m e

automatically if the pop-ups appear often. The point, however, is not whether this is the case. The point is that these

impossible. Only in hindsight can we argue that

substance. Designers create form, develop

engineers construct the particular discourse that the pop-ups make the medical practice safe.

something should have been anticipated. Certainly

technologies, and describe in words. Nonetheless,there are some cases where a problem has been

designers produce not objects but practices, i.e.,

anticipated but concealed. Apart from such cases, thepractices of ANSHIN design. These practices andA further examination will reveal the structure of thisboundaries. In reality, we all seek that myth. That is toproblem arises because we believe that the impossible

designed objects are dialectically related. Practices

discourse. By showing the pop-ups, engineers cansay, we all demand that somebody else will ensure

is possible. If we keep ourselves blind to thisare always material. Practices are produced in andclaim that their system is safe even if medical

safety for us. When a problem arises, we try to locate

impossibility, we end up hunting for somebody

with the material objects, which in turn gain a meaning

professionals make an error. These engineers can

who is responsible and demand remedy. In short, theresponsible and purge our own agency just like those

only in the practices. This is the fundamental

simply state that they did what they should have done

myth of safety is realized as a void when nobody takes

who parry the blame.

contradiction of design; this contradiction in turn drives

within the limit of their capability and responsibility.

responsibility for it.

There is another interesting move in this discourse.

My aim in this essay is not to accuse somebody who

Is there anything we can do? All we can do is tothrough dialectical sublation. We need to continue

They can claim that they are doing all this for patients.

parries the responsibility. To do so means that I also

understand that safety is impossible and then that thisfacing the contradiction.

It is the patients that urge them to choose this design;

parry my own responsibility and bloat the void myself.

impossibility is the condition for its possibility. We

Design for ANSHIN will fail, but this only means that it

it is not their choice. That is to say, this discourse is

The point is to understand this systemic problem as

therefore seek to break through this impossibility only

will fail to produce safety in a unilateral manner. The

organized so that engineers have no stake in all thissuch. The root of this problem is that stakeholders

to fail. Although this may seem absurd, this is precisely

design might succeed in the market and makeand put themselves outside the whole game. Recoiling

believe in the myth of safety and urge themselves towhat safety is. “Design for ANSHIN” is this move toimportant contributions to make our society safer.

i n t h e s a f e s p o t , d e s i g n e r s a re c o n c e i v i n g t h eturn the myth into reality. Everybody seems to have all

break through the impossibility. This word ANSHIN,

There is no need to refuse such a success; it isobjective system in which they have no place.

sincerity and honesty in trying to achieve safety. The

capitalized to decenter the typical meaning of anshin,

desirable to succeed this way. Furthermore, it is not

The point is obviously not to denounce the engineers.

more sincerely they try to do so, the large the void ofor sense of safety and security, was proposed by

the logical conclusion that the impossibility shouldThis problem is systemic. Both medical professionals

safety becomes. This is an iron cage; there will soon

Professor Naohide Tomita. His family experienced a

discourage people to seek safety. Our agency lies

and patients construct similar discourses. Even if

be no choice for us all.

medical accident in his family and he reﬂected on this

precisely in taking actions in the face of thissafety becomes an issue, medical professionals can4

the design. We cannot resolve this contradiction

issue also as a researcher to engineer medical

impossibility. Designing is precisely about opening

claim that they took a particular action only for the

What does it mean that something is safe? It is to build

technologies.

ourselves to the impossible future.

patients or within the regulator y or technicalthe discourse in which we can have make a grounded

To seek ANSHIN is to refuse to reify, or hypostasize,

constraints: They had no choice. Patients on the otherclaim that it is safe. That is to say, to claim something

the myth of safety into substance. In other words, we

hand claim that they do not understand the medical

is safe, we need to construct a particular discourse,

need to decenter the concept of safety—seeing thejargons and relegate everything to the hospital. They

which may or may not lead to safety. If the engineer

concept not as a ﬁxed substance but instead

make little decisions.

claims that his system is safe for patients, heaccepting the impossibility and indeterminateness of

Safety is a myth. When all the participants foreclose

constructs the whole discourse in which he can claim

the concept. Designing ANSHIN refers to the practicet h e i r s t a k e f ro m t h e i r p r a c t i c e s , n o b o d y t a k e sthat he did all he could. Safety is meaningful onlyof keeping one’s stake in the design situation andresponsibility. They all draw their own boundaries andwithin this discourse; and we put all our effort on

taking responsibility for it.

claim that they are doing all they can do within thebuilding the discourse and not on realizing safety itself.

Designers are part of the situation they design. They

5

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

The ‘Design Of Hospital’
As A Trigger

Akihisa Tatsumi

Art Directer
Professor
Visual Design Department,
Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts

4 types of Medicine Box that created based on Mr. H.I visits.
(Designed and created by KCUA students 2010)

It was just an ordinary day in the year of 2009, there was an incoming phone call to my ofﬁce. The phone call was froma man name Mr. H.I who lived near the Kyoto City University of Art. The man seemed to be an aged as his voicesuggests, requested to visit my school as he had something to ask me about.Few days later when he paid me a visit,
he was suffering from severe hepatic disease and as he held in one hand the plastic medication box from a pediatrics
department of his regular hospital, he said; ‘Professor, how do you feel about hospitalized sick children have their dry
medication box next to their pillow. Every time this scene comes into my sight, my heart always ﬁlls with grief andsadness.’ Without doubt, Japanese medical technologies and environments are cutting edge and one of the most ideal
places in the world. As well as those medical staffs, from doctors to nurses, strive to his or her daily work at hospital. Yet
Mr. H.I felt some ﬂaws within this high-tech medical site.This above event triggered us to start to think about the ‘Designof Hospital’‘Using Design to overcome
Design differentials.’
What Mr. H.I appealed once again changed myprevious rambling conception of social mission ofdesign. This occasion became a good opportunity totranslate an idea into actual action. At the same time,
what I had in my mind was the design differentials.
Although it has been a long time since all the goods
human beings make are somewhat designed, when I
look around, there is still some differentials in level ofquality in designs. Also, it is merely a fancy belief thathighly designed goods and services are evenly
distributed around the society.
For example, one you see the differentials between thedeveloping countries and advanced countries, thedifferences between sectors like ﬁrms, governments /administrations, NPOs, the differences between types ofworks and industries, the differences between healthy
person and handicapped person.
It made me think that from macro point of view, there iscorrelation between design differentials and economic
differentials, yet from micro point of view, apart from
economic factors there is more to the design
differentials.
Mr. H.I’s comment on the medicine box in a pediatrics
department was particularly micro point of view and thismade me start to dig in deeper from one medicine box ina hospital room to a department of hospital and an entire
hospital.
It has been 3 years since this ‘Design of Hospital’
became a subject in the Visual Design course at Kyoto
City University of Art. And in 2013, the 4th year of thissubject became an inter-university subject with Kyoto
University.
The limited space in this booklet, we have to cut thedetails of how both universities collaborate together totackle ‘Design of Hospital’. But one thing I can positively
state that professors from both Universities had same
mind and heart that multitude specialized ﬁelds coming
6

together to work is absolutely necessary for solving
various public concerns.
Currently, not only problems involving hospitals but
many other social problems are becoming increasing
intricate and intense, thus it is difﬁcult to make anapproach on these issues just by an individual speciﬁc
ﬁeld. The word ‘Design’ attracts much attention as a key
word for cross-sectional collaboration in which isnecessary for solving recent complicate social issues.
Let alone the movement of making ‘Design’ as a keyword
is a large trend in both Europe and US, recently in Japan
also many organization such as the Japan Society for the
Science of Design, the Japan Society for MechanicalEngineering, the Japan Society for Precision Engineering,
the Japan Society for Design Engineering, theArchitectural institute of Japan, conduct a research onbroader term of ‘Design’, concept that is closer to ﬁeld ofArt. Kyoto University’ starts of a research and education
on Design is similar pattern that following this particulartrend.
Sadly Mr. H.I passed away before seeing ideas fromwhat 1st year students from ‘Design of Hospital’
produced. This ‘Design of Hospital’, triggered by
Mr.H.I’s simple but profound issue proposal, began to
exhibit even larger expansion as Kyoto University and
Kyoto City University of Art collaborated to do ‘Design of
ANSHIN’.
Now I personally believe in possibility that ‘Design’ thatre-deﬁned by cross-sectional collaboration with various
ﬁelds, will form the new body of Art in near future.

The same type box which Mr. H.I brought.

SotoolCommunication medicine box.
Depending on where medicine boxes
are placed, not only patients can telltheir condition but their feelings as well.

KusuKusri bako
(Make you smile medicine box)
Medicine box that can make you smile. By
adjusting eyes, nose and mouse, patientscan enjoy 192 ways of facial expression.

OkibakoMedicine box that doctors can see
whether patients had medicine or not.

ZoocleMedicine box that can deform byassembling animal design blocks.
7

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

How we organize PBL

Yutaka Yamauchi
Ph.D. in Management
Senior Lecturer
Graduate School of Management
Kyoto University

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a hands-on learning

details, they encountered a number of problems andresponse. In this PBL, we chose not to give much

Designing something that people in these societies

activity in which students are thrown into a ﬁeld andrefor mulated their designs by overcoming these

support in choosing sites and gaining access. Somecan afford requires a signiﬁcant effort, which will makegain ﬁrst-hand experience. They identify their own

problems. Therefore, the material objects and thestudents used their own contacts and others madethe design valuable. For these reasons, we encourage

research questions, conduct their research, andenvisioned practices constitute a dialectic. Material

cold calls. When Professor Tatsumi proposed to let

students to think about how they can make a proﬁt.

construct their own designs. The resulting designs

details are not just for specifying the material objects;

students take responsibility for the entire process, I felt

Students seriously seek to change the society in thisreported in this booklet may appear traditional design

nor are abstract ideas sufﬁcient.

uneasy. I could not trust students as much as he did. Ifway.

we do not trust students and try to set up the ﬁeld for

It is hard to balance these two opposing logics.

them in order to avoid students from causing troubles,

Designing small things to engender a large change.

we would end up hypostasizing safety ourselves.

Specifying material details to produce practices.

objects such as a desk and a chair. Yet, the goal ofthis PBL is not to design objects; it is to produce“practices” of ANSHIN design. Objects are meaningful
only in relation to the practices.

New Society with ANSHIN
There is a reason for choosing mundane objects likechairs and desks as design targets. First of all, by

Making a proﬁt to contribute to the society. All these

The importance of businessperspective

Changes through Practices

redesigning something mundane, we could aim at

Students designed the desk to transformmundane objects are so ingrained in our lives,

In order to put designs in the ﬁeld, we emphasized thecommunication between physicians and patientschanging them would force us to look at the world

business aspect. Just introducing a design does not

so that practices for ANSHIN can emerge. Theredifferently. Therefore, novel designs that have their ownchange the society. There need to be people who pay

are many ways to reify safety in patient-physician

aesthetic value alone do not necessarily lead tofor it. The proﬁt will then feed into further development

communication. Informed consent is one example;

practices of ANSHIN. Sensing something new fromof the design. To consider the business aspect ofproviders can preemptively avoid future possible

mundane stuff is an interesting design opportunity.

design is to ask who will really pay for it and how

conﬂicts, e.g., the patients’ complaint that physicians

Another important reason is that we aimed at putting

much. If we are satisﬁed with creating whatever we

did not give sufﬁcient explanation. This kind of

resulting designs in the ﬁeld rather than keeping themwant, we do not pursue this question seriously. This

contractual arrangement is unavoidable. Nonetheless,in the studio. If we design something grandiose, wequestion should lead to better and stronger designs.

there should be many ways to produce practices ofneed more time and effort to introduce them into the

Making a proﬁt may be considered as a dark side of

ANSHIN. Instead of forcing a certain communicationﬁeld, which we could not afford in this PBL. If it is a

design. Nonetheless, changing the society is risky andby means of rules and contracts, we can think about

desk, we can simply replace it with an existing one andwe cannot expect somebody to pay for the risk withoutchanging the communication in a subtler manner by

see what happens. The cost is not too high. In otherany expectation of a proﬁt. Of course, it is an entirely

altering the material structures.

words, the desk and the chair are only the initial step indifferent story if somebody suffers from us making a

In the case of KOKONI chairs, students learned thatthe design. Once we introduce them in the ﬁeld, we

proﬁt.

there are few places within a hospital where patientslearn something new and design them further. Next wecan be by themselves spontaneously. Somebody

may design a bed, a wall, or lighting.

sitting by herself in a common room tends to be seen

In fact, it is not appropriate to talk about “putting thelonely even if she is simply by herself. Students

design in the ﬁeld.” We cannot design practices of

For instance, it is not generous suppor t fromdiscovered that a hospital library was one of the few

ANSHIN outside the ﬁeld only to put the design into it

developed countries but social entrepreneurs thatlocations where patients could be alone naturally. Theylater. That is to say, we need to begin the design withinmake a difference in improving the lives of people in

explored how they could create that kind of space.

the ﬁeld. Therefore, students began this PBL by goingdeveloping countries. These entrepreneurs contribute

The point is not that objects are unimportant. Detailingto the ﬁeld, listening to people and experiencing theto the improvement of people’s lives by trying to makeobjects is critical for designing practices. Studentsl i f e t h e r e . Ye t , b e c a u s e h o s p i t a l s a r e h i g h l ya proﬁt from them. If people in the society appreciatespent much time on creating and testing multiple

institutionalized, the access was not easy. Whenthe support only when it is given for free but not whenmockups. Once they created mockups and speciﬁed

students accessed hospitals, they often got nothey have to pay for it, then their lives will not change.

decentering the world. That is to say, because theare difﬁcult to attain. We do not claim that we havesucceeded but there is no shortcut to take.

Once the free support is withdrawn, nothing will be left.
8

9

DESIGN OF ANSHINABCDOur Aim

DESIGN OF ANSHIN TEAM A‘Characters of ANSHIN project’

We came up with an idea that rather than giving a story to each character, we set up various situations forcharacters to play their roles. By doing so, their characters stand out better and be able to express an increase
versatility of characters. In ANSHIN project, we strive to create friendlier image of hospitals and doctors, insteadof former scary and unaffectionate image. Hopefully this will help close the potential gap between doctors andBasic Concept

patients. Hopefully this will make the patient more comfortable with doctors.

To create a brand image based on the concept of ANSHIN,‘Ouch! That lastshot hurt a lot! It hurt!

we focused on qualitative side of the ANSHIN rather than
numerical side of it. We decided to present our proposal by`Come on!
Doctors are waiting!

characterizing the Dr. Messenger to spread the idea of
ANSHIN. To create more deﬁned image of the ‘ANSHIN
project’, we designed the characters to be well rounded.

‘Don’t Worry’ says
Dr. TAKUAN,
his signature phrase.
Dr. TAKUAN

TAMA
UME

HOUSAKUNORI

KOMACHIKOMETA`Mom ‘KOMACHI’ is mothercourage, affectionate towards
her kids and powerful in many ways `KOMUGI‘I wanna be a doc in future!’`Hey! You guys are in my way!`

Eight characters and their name.

UME, TAMA, NORI are
impish nurse trio.
Very friendly to kids.

10

KOMETA is easy-going
young boy and KOMUGIis energetic and l ively girl.
They are very close siblings.

11

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

ABCD

Examples of character usages

How team A’s idea emerged.three proposals from the first semester of 2013.
What scares children most about hospitals are painful shots and unpleasant taste of medicines.
Question was raised on how to make hospital treatment to be less scary for children. Our main
approach was Changing the image to children-friendly hospitals .

Doctor Messenger

We ﬁrst think of a medium that can deliver a message from thehospitals to patients. You might often see a lot of notices andleaﬂets announcing new epidemics and ways to prevent themin the hospitals. But it is often the case that these messages
are inaccessible as their formats are difﬁcult to understand andwritings are in formal manner.
In order to make these notices more intimate to patients, ourproposal is to let characters speak and deliver the messages.
UME TAMA NORI alcohol disinfection liquid

DR. TAKUAN’s medicine bag

Make a hospital friendly place by adding characters on instruments

Hospital Playground Planning

Throughout our research, we encounter many situations wherechildren are forced to sit quietly in hospital lobbies. This madeus perceive that hospitals are adopting adults’ rules andchildren to put up with these rules. Our aim was changing thescary image of hospitals to children-friendly hospitals, hospitals
that children do not hesitate to come. We are proposing
integrated development to include hospital playground.

ANSHIN sticker
Stickers are given to children who persevere as rewards.
Cold is going around!
Make sure to wash
your hands and gargle!

Clinic Maker

Clinic maker is an application that lets doctors plan and design
their imaginative hospitals. In our research, we heard that even
if doctors want to solve issues regarding to hospital designs,
they cannot insist their opinion as they do not possess
construction knowledge. For those doctors who would like to
be involved from constructive phase, we developed an
application to create room simulations only by selecting items

Notice from Dr. TAKUAN

and picturing room plans.

Placing DR.TAKUAN’s notice all around the hospital lobby and corridor.
Bringing many messages from Dr.TAKUAN to patients.
12

13

DESIGN OF ANSHINABCDDESIGN OF ANSHIN TEAM B

A hospital that children can go alone

Reasons why proposing
a hospital that children can go alone:
Recent increase in numbers of working parents households.

It is becoming difﬁcult for either parent to take their children to hospital.
Reducing such burden will solve not only this particularissue but issue of aging society as well.

▼
For those parents who cannot accompany their children to hospitals, we would liketo create a system that allows children to go to hospital by themselves.

To realize this proposal:

Currently there are too many obstacles to clear in order to realize this proposal.

▼
Thus,①Search for organization facility or hospital that will
incorporate and realize a part of our proposal.
②Find a way to reduce an initial investment by combining
new system with existing hospital facility and service.

14

15

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

ABCD

Process of medical consultation.

First, creating the medical record on the internet based

Parents are connected to doctor rooms throughout theon the prior medical examination done in kindergartens

examination. Picture exhibits child’s mother on theand elementary schools. This medical record includes

screen through Skype.

presence of allergies as well as illnesses and injuries
that children had before.
Even if children go to hospital independently, they do
not need to explain their past illnesses or disease
symptoms as doctors are able to see their medical
records on-line.
After getting calls from parents, taxies will be sent toParents can directly talk with doctors over the screen

their houses through ANSHIN relay center (call center)and be able to make a choice of medicine for instance.

to pick up their children.

Picture exhibits doctor asking child’s mother there are
two types of medicines for viral cold and letting her tochoose.

Children are provided with today’s medical condition

After examination, children receive the medicine

questionnaires and clinical thermometers. While children

themselves and their information.

are ﬁlling in questionnaires, hospitals call their parents

Medicine separated based daily dosage.

they arrived at hospitals.

16

When their parents replied to hospitals, all the

Important points from doctors are saved in movies, andpre-examination preparation is complete. Children await

both children and parents can check later on. Check-outs

their turn to have consultation with doctors.

are done through pre-registered credit cards.

17

DESIGN OF ANSHINABCDANSHIN relay centeras hub-facility

How the team B’s idea emerged.
Three proposals from the first semester of 2013.

We think of hub-facility that connect 3 positions; House, Hospital, School. Thisfacility will play a supportive role and compensate each facilities shortcoming.

HOS-MAP

1. Your child comes down with illness all the sudden…

Imagine a situation where your child caught sudden illness and you cannot deal withit straight away since you and your spouse are working. It may be difﬁcult to makea decision whether you should call ambulance for your child or leave him/her alone.

2. Calling ANSHIN relay centerIn the center, there are medical staff and taxies standing by. If a member of medical
staff judges that there is a need for medical attention, the taxies will come and pickchildren up from their homes.

3. To a hospital, having medical advice

After taking children to a hospital, they will acquire medical advice.Doctors are connected with parents through on-line
software such as Skype.

4. Moving from the hospital

After children are seen by doctors, ANSHIN relay center sends taxi to pick them up and depending on the medical
condition, deliver them to either their home, a day nursery within a hospital or other similar facilities for temporary care.
Equivalent treatment is done to children who contract a disease in schools.

Interview on a taxi company
As presented in ﬁrst semester,
coordinating with a taxi company will
reduce the burden of initial investment
and bringing us closer to realizing our
proposal. To ﬁnd out facts andpossibilities, we conducted interviews
to several taxi companies.
At ﬁrst we interviewed Taxi company‘M’ as they have similar experience as
we are proposing. After presenting ourideas we obtained following opinion
from the company.
First reason is while sending children
to hospitals and if something happen
to them, drivers are not trained to deal
with such situations. Second reason isthat a method of fare payment. There isquestion of how children will pay a taxi
fare. Also as drivers are working oncommission basis as they tend to be
reluctant to involve in unproﬁtablebusiness. Part of issues above can besolved by installing pre-charged IC
card system (Electric Money). Other

issues involved securing number oftaxies for certain when there is
emergency call. The taxi company
cannot guarantee availability for cars
especially during peak time.
Moreover, when we asked whether
drivers wear masks for infection
prevention measure, generally thecompany does not allow drivers towear them because of the company
image. But there has been an exception
before thus it is possible.
The positive side of this collaborationis that the company can improve theirimage which will lead to increase in
number of customers and will improveturnover rate in during down time.
The proposal can be realized byclosing contract in advance thenworking through the issue one by one.
However the question is whether thetaxi company feels that they can earnenough beneﬁt for doing such business.
We have also tried to reach to thecompany ‘Y’ which is engaged in childrelated business. We are truly
interested in hearing from them as they
are similarities to our proposal.
However we could not establish
contact with them, so there has been
no further development. As aconclusion, to persuade and expect
the company to participate, we have toexhibit and negotiate social beneﬁt as
well as ﬁnancial beneﬁt. We have also
found out that there is similar company
to Y in Kanto region, thus we willcontinue to dig deeper by reaching
more taxi companies.

PPP（Public‒private partnership）
PPP is a conducting a business by making partnership between a public sector and a private sector. PPP is measurementthat conducting a public sector authority business to improve public service by using private enterprises knowhow andfunds based on entrusting private sector policy and aspiring to a small government.
A case from Kobe-shi (www.city.kobe.lg.jp/information/press/2013/06/20130627040201.html )18

HOS-MAP is website that exhibits the amateur design collection of
hospital life. When you are hospitalized, you would almost certainly
face various difﬁculties and inconvenience partly because of thephysical disability. In fact when we visited some hospitals for fact
ﬁnding trip, there were many unusual goods that came in handy suchas ‘Magic hand’ for grabbing things far away from a bed in thehospital shop was quite popular.
HOS-MAP actually stands for HOSPITAL MAP and works as a guide to
a comfortable hospital stay. HOS-MAP allows patients to freely upload
their ideas and designs. By scrolling down the Web page, designicons which patient’s diverse lifestyle from morning to night are shownand each design usages are explained by clicking these icons.

KAZAMIICHIKAZAMIICHI is a plan to provide relief from the doldrums off hospitalstay. It is an in-hospital event that to overcome no sense of seasonalenvironment and dull atmosphere of hospital and changing the air aswell as refreshing mind and body of patient.
KAZAMIICHI event is about placing handmade wind mills around thehospital and visualize wind coming through the facility. This is aimed
to break closed and homogeneous space and condition. Plus, toenhance the communication, we advise these wind mills are handmade by the patients and member of medical staffs.

Children Hospital

For those families whose parents are working, it is huge burden forthem to take their children to hospitals. Thus we came up with the new
system for hospital that children can go by themselves. Here wewould like to explain speciﬁc contents. This particular hospital isbased on the triangle coordination of hospital, house and school.
When children ﬁrst enter either kindergarten or elementary school,
their medical records are sent to local hospitals and doctors can havemedical snap shots of all children (students). On the other hand,children are provided with ‘Carry bags for the children hospital’ which
included hospital cards and family memos with hospital information.
Also, the new ‘my page’ accounts are established for families to see athomes. On this ‘my page’ accounts, not only they can book hospitalreservations but also they can connect themselves to the monitor of
examination rooms at hospitals so that they can talk to the doctors
while the children are being examined.
By coordinating with schools, we can register all the children within
the regions at once and also we can provide services when children
become ill or injured at schools. Other than these three coordinating
facilities, providing pick up service (particularly for the Children
Hospital) and Skype service while having doctors’ inspection are
special features of the Children Hospital. This system is thought andestablished for children to visit hospital independently while removing
all the related risks and responsibilities.
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DESIGN OF ANSHINABCDDESIGN OF ANSHIN TEAM C

Taiwa

Research
When we ﬁrst enter the examination room, we are presented with an intimidating
desk, increasing our anxiety. We intended to improve this, by changing the current
design of the desk.

The idea is to smooth the communication between patients and doctors
by removing all the corners of the table and closing their distance during the medical inspection.

What we could see
from the research・The desks are often place on left hand side of
the room when you enter the rooms.
・The rooms were minimum size
・Main desktop item is PC which contains medical
records

Picture: From the hospital in Kyoto city

・Other items on the desktops are stethoscopes,
pens, stamps and other tools

・Examination rooms are often feel cramped

Keyboard

Display

Our findings and suggestion

Doctor・PC monitor should not be seen by patient・Line of sight between PC monitor to patient should be short.

Desk・Need to ﬁnd out appropriate distance between patient and doctor

Patient

Bed

Cloak
Door
Current arrangement of examination room

Example of our idea
We propose the new design for the examination
desk that enhances smooth communication
between patient and doctor and effectively uses
limited space to reduce patient anxiety.

What we presented in ﬁrst semester of 2013

20

21

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

ABCDHow the team C’s idea emerged.

Way of thinking

Design process

1

90℃

Assume angle of doctors and patient is 90°angle

Three proposals from the first semester of 2013.

95°

PC

SOKUZA

Facing each other based on ‘90°rule’ which isappropriate for a dialogue between two person.

SOKUZA is a system that synchronizes online medical records withmobile communication devices to smoothen communication between
nurses and doctors.
Through our research we found out that current communication
system between nurses and doctors is inconvenient.
Miscommunication occurs when conveying order verbally. Confusion
often occurs as the forms of instruction deliveries are different
depending on doctor. Also both nurses and doctors often cannot
receive instantaneous answer to the queries. SOKUZA system isdeveloped to reduce such inconvenience and miscommunication. For
instance, nurses ask a question to doctors through this system andthe doctors can provide instruction to nurses directly using online
medical record. This would eventually lead to faster and proper
treatment.
The in-built voice recognition system allows nurses to ask questions
more efﬁciently without having them to copy the contents of questions.

2

Face to faceconversation makes
you nervous

600
400

350

450

Looking for right distance between adjustingangle We tried to ease the pressure that patient
feel when sit down by changing angel from 90°to 95°.

Face to face conversation makes you nervous Placing the deskin between would act as a shield for face to face conversation.

3

600

PC

400

450

70

0

350

PC

Current position of patient and PC monitor lets the patient to see themonitor. The new desk will naturally position the patient to avoid themonitor to come into their sight.

Presenter

Our idea is creating a desk that doctors and patients work together as
if the doctor is presenting information to the patient.
Patients often feel nervous and doctors ﬁnd it difﬁcult to explain theterminologies as doctors are facing PC monitors constantly. This is ahindrance to achieve smooth communication. Thus we thought it isnecessary to make patients relaxed when they are talking to doctors
and it is also important for them to listen and understand their medical
condition properly.
There is one drawback of this design. In some situation where
information should not be shared with the patients, the medical
records can be still seen by patients.

To decide the width and length of the desk weassume minimum space needed for the desk.

4

PC

PC

Comparing to prior design, the new design would provide shorter
shift of the doctor’s view between the PC monitor to the patient.
Doctors are now released from the stress of turning their headsaround and providing more time to facing their patients.

Cutting out excess bits off and also
cutting corners to make softer shape.

Pre-Doctor

5

プレドクター

DoctorPatient

Deciding position of desk legs.

22

The amount ofdesk space perroom isdecreased by the
newly designed
desk. Not only
the room space
increased but
also the distance
between patientand bed behind
are widening as aresult.

This system is designed to be placed in a convenience store andused to regularly check a person’s medical condition. This is done by
performing a whole-body scan regularly to detect potential illness at
an early stage.
This daily record not only keeps a track record of healthy people but it
also can be used to make a decision when they come down with anillness. If the system detects some indication of health issue, then themachine tells you which hospital is recommended and you can makea reservation straight away. It can be also used to make a decision
when you are not sure whether you should see a doctor or not.

23

DESIGN OF ANSHINABCDDESIGN OF ANSHIN TEAM D

KOKONI project

KOKONI project

For hospitalized patients need privacy. This project provides comfortable space and timealone.

The logo

The logo of KOKONI project has both meaning of ‘being here’ and ‘being individual’.

‘Is it important for you tospend time alone?’The logo is picturing a pushpin and showing the light illuminating the ground.

Surely many people answer ‘Yes’ to this question.
Although each person spends their time differently every day,every one pursues time to settle down and meditate oneself.
This question is a start of our design creation.

Research, Analyze, identifying problems
Field trip to hospitals
What we found out from hospitalized patient’s daily schedule.
In hospitals, there generally are no comfortable, private and relaxing spaces for patients. At the same time, hospital
staff prefers that patients always remain within their sights.
Therefore our aim is to provide time and place where patient can relax without interference.

Ideas
In the situation where we cannot build private room, how we could provide them with individual space.
Conducting research in the hospital once again:
We focused on reception counter of the hospital. This space exists in almost every hospital and the space is not in use
after business hours. We thought of utilizing space for our project.
Our idea is to let hospitalized patients use the reception area as relaxation space from 17:00~21:00.
The other issue in question is that if we do not change the current arrangement of ﬁxed chairs and no partition space
we cannot realize our proposal.
Our conclusion is to redesign the chairs

24

25

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

ABCD

KOKONI chairs

At a glance the chairs are no different from the usual chairs you see in other hospitals.
However after the business hours for outpatients are over….

Independent andtransformable
Normally hospital chairs are designed for quantity andconvenience. However for individual usage, we designed
the chairs to transform into single person size chair. Our
design was inspired by the corner seat in the train which
is known as comfortable zone.

Lightings

26

Mobility

We assume that our KOKONI chairs are used mostly

Usually the chairs at reception area are neatly lined up

after the reception hours and the lights are dimmed

and facing the same direction. One of the specialties ofdown. So to overcome this issue we install indirect

this KOKONI chairs are that they are not only transferable

lighting underneath the chairs which we expect to havebut also movable. Users can move the chairs anywherea relaxing effect. So, if a person sits on the chair, the lightand in any direction they want. Users are allowed toautomatically turns on and illuminate warmly on the ground.

secure and create their own space.

27

DESIGN OF ANSHIN

ABCDHow the team D’s idea emerged. Three proposals from the first semester of 2013.

KOKONI library

Introducing library in hospital and installing the digital book library.

Even if a hospital does not have(‘TREE’ is an area for relaxation and recreation.)space for a book collection,

Researching andfinding out issues

KOKONI library which is digitalbook system provides plenty ofbooks to read from and make aneffective use of space.

While we were researching,
we realized that some hospitals
already established libraries.
The scale of libraries differs
depending on hospitals but all
h a v e b e e n w e l l re c e i v e d b ypatients. However we found outthat it is difﬁcult to install a n dmaintain the library.

150cm
170cm
120cm
110cm

Dual display Tablet
Dual display tablet is the main feature of this tablet. Normally the tablets are single display but having two displays
which opens like a book, we anticipate less hesitation among elderly to use tablets. Also limiting tablets to open not
more than 150°, they would suit to various styles of reading such as placing on legs, holding by one hand and so on.

Tablets UI

1, Choosing the books from categories.

No Library Clerk
Almost all the hospitals that havelibraries leave the management oflibraries to volunteers. There is nolibrary clerk and all the process ofborrowing is through self-checking out
system. There have been problems ofpeople losing their books that theyborrow and not returning them.

No Space
Libraries are not necessities tohospitals, therefore they are often
removed when renovation is done.
Even if they were established, they
are often placed at inconvenient
locations. As a result, less people
become aware of the libraries andthis causes a decrease in numberof users which would inevitably
lead to library being downscaled.

Managing medical books
Handling medical journals are
difﬁcult for volunteers as the genre
is hard to understand. Volunteers
are also ﬁnding it difﬁcult to keep
up-to –date with the fast changing
medical literature. Therefore most
hospitals avoid managing medical
journals.

2, Bookshelves (spines of books) displayed.

Our proposal is to establish digital book library to solve above issues.
Make use of wall to effectively use the scarce space.
As we mentioned above, hospitals have limited space.
However we can make a use of the reception wall.
Using large touch screen interface, patients can transfer
books from library to their KOKONI tablets.
3, Bookshelves (covers) displayed.

4, By entering patients ID, reading logs are recorded.

5, Choosing from hospitalized patient or outpatient

Tablet UI

返却日：00 月 00 日
今日：00 月 00 日

本
を
返
す
しおり

ホーム

6, Exhibit contents, placing bookmarks.

7, Turnover the pages by sliding
ﬁngers across the displays.

Managing books digitally.
By managing book digitally, manpower can be reduced
drastically. Also difﬁcult medical journals and books canbe managed by librarian all together. Hospital librarians
will manage library and constantly update it.

8, You can search by title and author.

設定

進む
戻る

Testing KOKONI project
Testing KOKONI project at reception area.
KOKONI library is only one example and we can test various other projects after the reception area has been renovated.

本
を
借
り
る

河
童

芋
粥

羅
生
門

芥
川
龍
之
介

芥
川
龍
之
介

芥
川
龍
之
介

Both Tablet UI and design of logo are inspired from animage of a tree. People come and gather under the tree forrecreation and relaxation, which is our fundamental imageof this project. Place ‘TREE’ and tablets in the reception
area. People can only use the tablets within the ﬁxed rangeof ‘TREE’. Outside of this range, the book is returned
automatically.
All the available books in the bookshelf can be displayedby sliding up down, left and right. To read the book you ﬁrst
click a picture of book you want to borrow and move it to
KOKONI tablet. After moving it to the tablet, picture ofborrowed book will be removed from the main bookshelfuntil it is returned.

For next semester
Establishing a library in a hospital still has some issues. For now we came to a conclusion that if we are toestablish a small library, portable tablets are enough. We also have to collect more precedent cases of digital
libraries and ﬁnd out a way to manage tablets. These issues are to be solved next semester.

The aim of this project is to make sure every hospitalized patient is comfortable and enjoy their private space.
28

29

DESIGN OF ANSHINFor Commercializing ANSHIN Project
Report An outcome of hospital design.
Ever since Hospital Design project started, several
proposals are brought up.Out of those proposals, there
is a product calls ‘Bedside pocket within arm’s reach’and this product is repeatedly tested and made trial
pieces several times. Here we would like to introduce
you a part of the product.

What is ‘Bedside pocket within arm’s reach’?
If you ever have experienced hospitalization before, your bedsides are gradually ﬁlled with things that you need day byday. It is going to be a large burden for patients since space for bedside desks are limited and it is not easy to reachsomething that not on the tables.This product was developed to solve especially that sort of problem.It is made fromsoft cloth material so that inside is visible and body-friendly. Also, the product is made to ﬁt to any bedside railings.
This product design is symbolic and ideal case of ANSHIN design project as every idea is based on the research trip
to hospitals.

Mika Yamaguchi

What The ANSHIN
Design Project Is.
The purpose of the ANSHIN (*1) design project is using the power ofdesign to develop and elevate the value of ANSHIN.
Unlike safety standards that can be indicated by ﬁgures, and likewise
ANSHIN is difﬁcult to represented in a integrated fashion as its
shapes differ depending on how people feels. As most people
vaguely understand ANSHIN is signiﬁcant subject, it is yet hard toanswer why the ANSHIN is emphasized. For that reason, this particular
discussion had been postponed for past years. Thus we launch thisproject to face this fact by discussing thoroughly this matter.
1. First phase; Designers , Manufacturers, Users come together tomake ANSHIN designs. 2. Second phase; Using goods and services
to spread ANSHIN over society.3. Third phase; ANSHIN will comeinto sight of society. 4. Fourth phase; Society will become aware of
ANSHIN and begin to think about it. 5. Fifth phase; Society will
re-recognize ANSHIN and naturally the value of it will be elevated.
6. Sixth phase; It will become motivation to establish the new ANSHIN
designs. This will create circle to fulﬁll the society with ANSHIN
designs.
(*1)To separate with usual ‘安心’. (Anshin=Japanese for safety), wewrite “ANSHIN”. By writing daringly ‘ANSHIN’, we are aiming to makesociety to recognize the new value of Anshin.

CPA

1

ANSHIN
designs are
created6

2

Encourage
to develop
the new
ANSHIN

SpreadANSHIN
design oversociety

Fulfillsociety withANSHIN
design5Society will
re-recognize
ANSHIN3

ANSHIN
will comeinto sight ofsociety4Society will
becomeaware ofANSHIN

How we can create thenew design for ANSHIN.

(Originally designed by students from Kyoto City University of Art, Visual Design Course.)

30

Pr

ac

e
tic
ac
Pr
n
tio

Studied several sizes and designs based on 2012 proposal.To create ANSHIN design, established the shape that can hold things ﬁrmly but softly.

3. Project Development
To achieve the ANSHIN design project, It is necessary to spread
ANSHIN designs over society. Besides, it is important to conduct
project development along side education as for in the place ofpractice for a student and research as for in the place of practicefor veriﬁcation regarding to ANSHIN designs.

afic

2. Research
Each person is professional in his/her ﬁeld and when each of themblended together to work, further possibilities are inﬁnite. It is crucial
to acquire feedbacks from education and project development
phases and reﬂect them into research. In this way, the evaluations
will help to evolve the techniques of designing and education of
ANSHIN from day to day.
Moreover, it is also important to proceed with fundamental researchsuch as what it is to feel ANSHIN and what the mechanism fordeveloping ANSHIN designs in order to develop ANSHIN design
constantly.

Educationri
Ve

1. Education
ANSHIN will not spread to society if ANSHIN designs can be only
designed by individuals who possess special abilities.
Therefore we will instruct both techniques to create ANSHIN
designs and how to verify ANSHIN designs in project development.

Ve
rif
tic icatione

How we can create the new design for ANSHIN. We think thatcombining 1. Education, 2. Research and 3. Project Development
will mutually develop and prosper ANSHIN designs continuously. At
the same time, we gather professionals from various ﬁelds to realize
this project.

Research

Project
Development

Verification
Practice

Design Studies
Medicine Phycology
Engineering Management
Information Science
Sociology Accounting
31

KYOTO UNIVERSITY × KYOTO CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARTS「DESIGN OF ANSHIN」2013
Collaborative Graduate Program in Design, Kyoto University「DESIGN OF ANSHIN」2013

Eiji Aramaki

Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Unit of Design
Kyoto University

Singo Fujiwaki

Graphic designer
Part-time Professor
Visual Design Department,
Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts

Ichiro Funakishi

Graphic designer
Associate Professor
Visual Design Department,
Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts

Atsushi Matsubara

D.Eng.
Professor
Machining, Measurement, and Control Laboratory
Graduate School of Engineering
Kyoto University

Daijiro Mizuno

PhD RCA
Assistant Professor(Tenure Track)
Aaculty of Environment and Information Studies
Keio University

Mikihiko Mori

Nobutaka Suzuki

Associate Professor
Department of Information and Management
Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering
Nagaoka University of Technology

Yoko Takiguchi

Fassion DesignerProfessor
Visual Design Department,
Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts

Toyoko Tanaka

Assistant Manager
Department of Dermatology and Department of Plastic andReconstructive Surgery
Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital

Akihisa Tatsumi

Art Directer
Professor
Visual Design Department,
Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts

Tomota Terada

Senior Consultant
Nomura Research InstituteAlso Part-time Faculty Member
Kyoto University Unit of Design

Naohide Tomita

D. Eng.
Assistant Professor
Institute for Information Management and Communication
Kyoto University

M.D., D. Eng., D.Med.Sci.
Professor
Medical Engineering Laboratory
Graduate School of Engineering
Kyoto University

Tamaki Motoki

Mika Yamaguchi

Assistant Professor
Institute for Information Management and Communication
Kyoto University

Sosuke Nakabo
MA (RCA), Designer

Satoru Oga

Assistant Manager
Corporate Business Development
NEC

CPA

Yasuhiro Yamasaki

PhD., Publications Manager

Yutaka Yamauchi

Ph.D. in Management
Senior Lecturer
Graduate School of Management
Kyoto University

Natsuko Onishi

M.D．
Graduate School of Medicine
Kyoto University

Design: Singo Fujiwaki Atsushi Kurosaki
Main translator： Yutaro Nohara
Edit: Yasuhiro Yamasaki
Print: GRAPHIC Corporation

Inquiries about「DESIGN OF ANSHIN」

Yamauchi Laboratory
Graduate School of Management Kyoto University
Yoshida Honmachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 JAPAN+81 75-753-3536 www.gsm.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Visual Design Department, Faculty of Fine Arts
Kyoto City University of Arts
13-6 Kutsukake-cho, Oe, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 610-1197 Japan＋81 75-334-2317 www.kcua.ac.jp www.kcua-vd.org

March 31, 2014 first edition
February 27, 2015 second edition (English version)

This document was prepared as a report of a project at Kyoto University Collaborative Graduate Program in Design. Unauthorized duplication, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited.

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