'

1studia Entomotogica,
vol. 12, fasc. 14, novembrotg60

UndescribedNeotropical Trichoceridae
and Tipulidae (Diprera)

CharlesP. Alexander

Editdra VozesLtda., Petrdpolis,Rio de Janeiro,BrasitrStudia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969

341

UndescribedNeotropicalTrichoceridaeand Tipulidae (Diptera)CharlesP. Alexander
Emeritus,Universityof Massachusetts,
Departmentof Entomology,
Amherst, Massachusetts(With 11 figures)

In the present paper I anr discussingvarious crane flies
chiefly f rom Chile where thcy were collected by the veteranentomologicalstudent Senor Luis E. pefra, of the Estaci6nExperimentalAgronomica,Universidadde Chile, Santiago.Fewe.r
speciesf rom the mountainsof northern P anamawere taken by
my friend and former student,Lt.Col. Gordon Field, presently
with the Departmentof Plant Pathologyand Entomologyof the
Universityof RhodeIsland,Kingston.A singlespeciesof unusualinterestwas reared in Mexico by Dr. Carlos R. Beutelspacher
Baigts, of the Instituto de Biologia, Mexico D. F., originallysent to me for determination
by Dr. Howard E. Hinton,of Bristol,England.I expressnty sincerethanks to all of the abovefor theircontinuedcooperationin making known the exceeclingly
rich cranef ly f auna of Tropical America. The types of the speciesarepreserved in my personal collection except where indicatedotherwise.
P r e o c c u p i e dN a m e s
I am indebted to Dr. AIan Stone for calling to my attentiqn
two
preoccupied
namesin the Tipuliclae.
Limonia (Rhipidia)_platyphallus,new name, for Limonia (Rhipidia)
euryphallusAlexander,StucliaEntomologica,l0: 336; l96Z. preoccupied
by Limonia (Geranomyia)euryphallusAlexander,Ann. Natal Mus., l5:
I 6; I 960.
Limonia (Rhipidia) pracsuff usa, new name, for Limonia (Rhipidia)^
persuffusaAlexander,Stuclia
Entomologica,l0; 341; l96Z. preociupied
9y Limonia_persuff usa Alexancler,Ruwenzori Expeclitionl 934-35, British
Museum(Natural History), Vot. l, no. z Tipulidai, p. 203,in keyj couplet
53; 1956.The latter nameanclother descripiionsin itre key were'intended
for inclusionin a specialreport on the speciesof the Bel[ian Congo thatstill has not appearedin press.

342

Alexander,N e o t r o p i c aTl r i c h o c e r i d a ae n d T i p u l i d a e
Trichoceridae

Paracladurascimitar sp. n.
Mesonotal praescutumwith three confluent dark brown stripes,
humeraland lateral borders,with the posteriorsclerites,yellowed;pleuraand posterior pleuritesyellowed;wings
brown anteriorly,mesepimeron
whitish hyaline,unpatterned;male hypopygiumwith dististyleslong andwith gonapophyses
slender,with very long dark coloredsetae;phallosome
incurved,each appearingas a flattenedblade that narrows into a longneedlelike
spine.

M a I e.
Length, about 4 mm.; wing, 4.2 mm. Rostrum
and palpi brown. Antennaebrown throughout.Head dark brown,
paler anteriorly.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum with disk.
chiefly covered by three confluent dark brown stripes, hunteraland lateral borders obscureyellow; scutal lobes brown, centralarea, with the scutellumand mediotergiteyellow. Pleura brownanteriorly, including the propleura and nresepisternum,themesepimeronand posterior pleurites yellowed. Halteres brown,base of stem yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanterstestaceous
yellow; remainderof legs brown. Wings (Fig.. l) whitish hyaline,
unpatterned;veins brown, thosein prearcularfield nroreyellowed.
Venation: Sc, shortly beyond one-third the length of Rs,' m-cu
on Ma.
Abdominaltergitesdark brown, sternitespaler brown, pleural
membrane more yellowed; hypopygiunr brown, the dististyles
nroreintenselyso. Male hypopygium(Fig. 2) with the dististyles,d, long and slender,broadest on proxitnal third, narrowed tothe obtuse tip, surface with very long conspicuousdark colored
setae, the longest nearly one-half the style. Phallosome,P, witheach gonapophysis,g, appearing as a conspicuousincurved
flattenedbtade,broad on more than proxinralhalf, thencenarrowcd into a long needlelikespine, without latc'ralspinesor points;
structure.
aedeagusa central flattenedpalc paclcllelike
Habitat: Chile.

Holotype,6, Pucatrihue,
Osorno,April lO-12,1968(Pefra).
The previouslydescribedSouth American species'were discusseclin
an earlier paper by the writer (Diptera Patagonia and South Chile,
1 : 222-227,Text-fig. C; lg2g). The speciesmost similar to the present
fly is Paracladura edwardsi Alexancler,which has the male hypopygiumquite distinct, including the shorter dististyleswith pale setae, and thedifferent gonapophyses.The long scimitar shaped apophyses of thepresent fly are very distinctive.

StrrdiaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembrol969

3.r3

As has been indicatedelsewhereit now seemscertain that the fly
describedby Bigot as Tricyphonapusilla (Miss. Scient.Cape Horn, VI,
zooL, pt. 2: l0; l8s8) from Tierra del Fuego actuallyis a memberof the presentgenus.

Paracladuraspicata sp. n.
Generalcolorationbrown, scutellumand pleurotergiteyellowed;knobs
trf halteresbrownish black; legs bro'wn; wings subhy:aline,
m-cu at forkot.
male hypopygium with dististyle-simplel aedeaguswith a,Mr-,.n;subtendingspearlike rod, its tip acute; gonapophysis,g, a powerfulsmooth horn, the outer fourth bent at nearly ; tigtrt angle into anacute spine.

M a I e.
Length, about 2.8-3 mlll.; wing, 3.4-3.8 mm.
F e m a I e.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t2 . 8 n t m . ; w i n g , 3 . 5 m m .
Rostrunrand palpi black. Antennaeblack, apex of pedicel
more yellowed.Head dark brown.
Pronotalscutumbrown, scutellunrobscureyellow. Mesonotum
brown, scutellum,pleurotergite
and dorsal pteropleurite
yetlowed.
Pleura dark browtt. Halteres with stem brownish yellow, knob
elongate, brownish black. Legs with coxae and trochantersobscttreyellow; remainderof legs brown, femoralbasbsrestrictedly paler. Wings subhyaline,prearcularand costal fields slighily
more yellowed;veins brown. Venation: M in direct longitudinalalignnrentwith M r-r; cell M t subequalin length to its petiole;m-cu at or just beyondfork of M,r_a;cell 2nd A narrow.
Abdomendark brown, includingthe pleuralmembrane.Ovipositor with cerci dusky, long-triangular,narrowedto the subobtuseapex,both marginsnearlystraieht.Male hypopygium(Fig.
3) rvith the dististyle,d, simple,relativelyshort,the lengthslighfly
less than f our times the diameter,outer f ace with long palesetae.Phalloscnte,p, distinctive,includingthe slenderaedeagus,
Q, and a subtendingsomewhatshorterspearlikerod, its tip acute;gonapophysis,.9, appearing as a powerful smooth horn, basebroad, the outer fourth bcnt at nearly a right angle into anacutespine.
H a b i t a t :C h i l e .
H o l o t y p e ,d , C h e p u ,C h i l o eI s l a n d ,A p r i l 4 - 6 , l 9 6 8 ( p e f r a ) .
Allotopotype9 and paratopotype9 pinnedwith the type. parat y p e s , 6 6 , P u c a t r i h u eO
, s o r n o ,A p r i l 1 0 - 1 2 ,l g O S ( p e f r a ) .
The present f ly is reaclily tolcl f r o m t h e m o s t s i m i l a r s p e c i e s ,Paracladura chilensis Alexander, by the hypopygium, especialll' thephallosome,including the spearlikerod that subtendsthe aedeagusandby the acutely pointeclgonapophyses.

344

A I e x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeand Tipulidae

Tipulidae
Tipulinae

Tipula (Eumicrotipula)nubleanasp' n'rvith four light
Allied to jaennickeana;mesonotalpraescutumgray
anterior half; femora
brown stripes,'the-vagueintermecliatepair broken on
pale_bro*n tubterminal ring; wings yellowishbrown'
yellow wittr amale hypoonly slightly putT.rn.O,the stigmal are? more conspicuous;
sternitepygium with mesal lobe of Uasiitytebilobed; appendage-of eighth
glabrous'i,;"g and narrow, especiallythe outer third, apex

Male.Length,aboutlTmm.;win$l16mnl.;antenna
palpi brown'
about 6.8 mm. Frontal prolongationof head brown;
proximalouter end of terminal segmeniyellowed.Antennaewith
bicolored'
three segments yellowed, succeeclingtwo segments
uniformly
brown, basal enlargementdarker, outer segnlentsmore
darkened.Head brown.
Pronotum obscure brownish yellow, sides vaguely grayish.
Mesonotalpraescutumgra!t with four light brown stripes, moreclearly defined on posterior half, intermediatepair widened andbroken anteriorly; scutum dark gtaY, more obscured medially;
scutellurnbrownish yellow with a vague capillary brown line,
parascutellayellow; mediotergitegray with a brown central line,
posteriorborder restrictedlydarkened.Pleura with mesepisternum
gray, dorsal sternopleuritepaler, mesepimeronand posterior
iclerites paler yellowish gray; propleura and dorsopleuralmembrane yellowed. Halteres brown, base of stem yellowed. Legs
with coxae brownish graY, yellow apically, posterior pair more
uniformlyyellow; trochantersyellow; femorayellow with a vague
narrow pale brown subternrinalring; remainderof legs obscureyellow, passing into light brown, outer segmentsdark brown;
claws of male small, with a strong basal spine.wings yellowislt
brown, only slightly patternecl,the most conspicuousdark area
stigmal, pale brown, proximal end nlore yellowed; cells C andpoststignralbrighteningin cell Rz conspicuous;
sc unvariegated;
obliterativeareas at cord restrictecl,in outer end of cell R andin center of /sf Mzi veins brown. Venation: Basal section of
Rn-s very short,Rs almostin alignnrent;petioleof cell M1 slightly
exceedingm, m-cu at near three-fourthsMs-n'
Abdominal tergites yellorv with three narrow brown stripes,
interruptedat the sutures,lateral pair more evidentlySo, lateral
tergal torders broadly yellow; sternitesyellow with a conspicuous
hypodarkenedcentralstripe; hypopygiumchiefly yellowed'Male3.15

StucliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro 1969-&b- , { )
\

il,*,
6

I
b)

d

7

m
A-8

l::l
l.:.:lt:.'.1

I':'l
\t.

I

)t

I

Fig. l. Paracladura scimitar sp. n. ; venatioa. - - Fig. 2. Paracladura scimitar sp.
Fig. 3. Paracladura spicata sp. n.; male hypopygium.
n . ; m a t e h y p o p-y g i u m .
Fia. 1. f ipitti (Eumicrotipula) nubleano sP: n.; male hypopygium. - -Figs. 5, 6.
Figs. 7, 8. Araucoxenia paradoxa sp. lt.;
l i a u c o x e n i - a p a r a d o x a s'pa.n tne.n; n vae. n a t i o n .
( S y m b o l s , V e n a t i o n: 4 , - .A n a l s ; C , C . o s t a; Q . u ;male hypopylium andr-adia.l-medial
C u b i t u s; ' I i l : * M e d i a ; m - c u , m e d i a l - c u b i t a l c r o s s v e i n ; R , R a d i u s ;. f l n ,c r o s s v e i n ; S r , S u b c o s t a . M a l e h y p o-p y g i u m : a , a e d e a g u s ; D , b a s i s t y l e ; d , . d i s t i s t y l e ;g , g o n a p o p h y 3 i s ;m h , m e s a l l o b e o f b h s i s t y l e ; p , p h a l l o s o m e ; s , s t e r n i t e ; f , t e r g i t e) .

346

A I e x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeand Tipulidae

differing in details
pygium (Fig. 4) generallyas in jaennickeana,of structure,especiallythe appendageof the eighth sternite,lessevidently in the basistyle.Ninth tergite, t, narrowed outwardly,
roughened,with a scarcely
apex virtually truncate,microscopicallyevident microscopiccentral emargination.Basistyle with mesal
lobe, ffib, large, f lattened, shallowly entarginateto f orm two
broadly obtuse lobes, the lower one with dense short setulae;
ventral lobe, vb, long and slender, more dilated basally, with
scatteredlong yellow Setae,nlore numerousat apex. Gonapo=
physis, g, as figured. Eighth sternite, 8s, with the lobe a longand unusuallynarrow blade,.especiallythe outer third; a dense
surfacegroup of long yellow setaenear base,as in iaennickeans,'of blade with abundant short delicate setae, ntore sparse andsnrallernear outer end, apex glabrous.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype,6 , Fdo El Roble,Niblinto River, 35 km east ot
Coihueco,Nuble, altitude 650 nteters, January l8-20, 1968

( Pefra).
'f
The most similar species is iputa (Eumicrotipula) iaennicke.ana
characters,as described.
Alexander,which cliffers chiefly in hypopygial'f (8.) backstriimi Alexander,
Other somewhat similar species inclucle .
T. (8.) fazi Alexander,and T. (8.) wittei Alexancler,all differing still
more evidentlyin hypopygialstructure.
Limoniinae
LimoniiniA r a u i o x e n i ag e n . n .
Rostrunrshort, apex obtusc;palpi ycllow, darker outwardly.
in male scapeelonsate,about
Antennae( Fig. 8) 1O-segntented;
twice as long as the pedicel;proximal f lagellar segtnentsoval,
outer segmentslnore elongate,verticils subequalto or shorter
than the segrnents,arrangedchiefly in a transverserow at near
one-third the length of segnlettt.
Pronotal scutum of moderate size. Praescutum withf oveaea longtuberculatepits lacking; region of pseudosutural
pale impressedline. Meron greatly reduced,ntiddle and posterior
coxae contiguous.Legs with tibial spurs lacking; claws smooth,e m p o d i as n r a l l .W i n g s ( F i g s . 5 , 6 ) w i t h v e i n S c v e r y l o n g ,S c t
ending about oppositethe tork of Rs, Sc2 far retracted,Sc1 being
approxinratelyequal in length to the main stem of Sc; Rz very
long, R, -, short to very short,vein Ra stronglydecltrved,ending

Studia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro 1969347

at or shortly beyond wing tip, vein Ro-o similarly decurved,
generallyparallelto R3, the cell narrowedat wing margin; Medial
field with three branches,as figured, with cell M2 broadly sessile,r-m and Mt.-z subequal,slightly longer than basal section of
Mt-r; vein Ma originatingat the cord, leavingan elementMr-2-Bt
as in the Tipuline genus N ephrotoma; m-cu f ar retracted,about
oppositetwo-fifths the length of Rs,' cell 2nd A broad.
Ovipositorwith both cerci and hypovalvaelong and slender.
Male hypopygiunr(Fig. 7) with ninth tergite, t, relativelylarge,transverse,posteriorborder shallowlyenrarginate,setaenumerous
but pale and inconspicuous.
Two dististyles,d, united basally;outer style a parallel-sidedsmooth blackenedrod, tip obtuse,inner style slightly longer and broader.Phallosonle,
p, including
long divergent pale apophyses,their tips f oot-shaped;central
organ a depressed-flattenedpale plate, narrowedoutwardly,apex
truncate.
Genotype.

Araucoxenialtaradoxa sp. n.

Chile.

This new genus is one of the more interestingdiscoveriesin the
Tipulidae. The closest relative appears certainly to be Thaumastoptera
Mik, presently kno'rvn by seven species,including two in Europe, one
being the genotype,calceataMik, together with single speciesin South
Africa, Madagascar,South India, Mindanao,and western North America.
All of these have the venation of the medial field of the wing quite
different from the condition occurring in the present f ly, having cell
M2 petiolate by a basal element Mr-t-', shortest in Thaumastoptera
natalensisAlexander,'which suggestsan approach to the present genus.
The male hypopygiumin Thaumastopterahas the dististyle single but
in some species,including the genotype,there is a conspicuousbasal
lobe that might appearto presagethe bipartitestyle found in the present
fly and representinga common condition throughout the entire family.
The vast genusLimonio Meigen in its various subgenerashows a nearlycomparableevolutionof the dististyle,from the simpleunmodifiedcondition
in typical Limonia to a profoundly divided style in most subgenera,
producing nearly separatedorsal ancl ventral styles. The interpretationof the venationof the medial field in the new genus and the comparison
with the conclitionin the Tipuline genus Nephrotoma l\{eigen shouldbe emphasizecl.

Araucoxeniaparadoxasp. n.
S i z e r e l a t i v e l yl a r g e ( w i n g o f f e m a l e t o a b o u t B m m . ) ; g e n e r a lcoloration of body yellow; legs yellow, femoral tips narrowly darkbrown, tibiae yellow, extreme base brown; wings with a faint grayishs u f f u s i o n ;v e i n S c v e r y l o n g , S . , s u b e q u atl o v e i n S c , ' o u t e r r a d i a l v e i n s
deflectedstrongly caudad,cell R; at margin very extensive,outer medial
field with three subequalbranclies,cell II., broadly sessile,m-cu.about
oppositetwo-fifths Rs.

348

A I e x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeand Tipulidae

Length, about 5.5 nnl.; wing, 6.5-6.8 mm.;Male.
antenna,about 1 . 4 m m .
F e m a l e . - L e n g t h ,a b o u t 6 m m . ; w i n g , 8 m m .
Rostrumlight yellow; palpi very pale brown. Antennae(Fig.
8) yellow; structure as describedunder the genus. Head lightyellow; anterior vertex broad.
Pronotum yellow, pretergitespaler yellow; pronotum withsparsepowerful erect setae.Mesonotalpraescutumwith a grayish
brown central area and vague more ferruginouslateral stripes,
the interspacesand lateral borders yellow; posterior scleritesof
notum yellow, scutal lobes more f erruginous.Pleura chiefly of
the latter color, pteropleuriteand metapleura more yellowed,
dorsopleuralmembraneclear light yellow; mesothoraxvirtuallyglabrous.Haltereswith stenrlight yellow, apicesof knobs vaguelydarker. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow; femora lightyellow, tips narrowly dark brown; tibiae yellow, extreme basesbrown, about one-half as extensiveas the femoral darkening;tarsi yellow. Wings (Figs. 5, 6) subhyaline,with a taint grayish
suffuiion, base nlore yeilowed; veins yellow. Macrotrichia on
longitudinalveinsbeyondorigin of Rs, including M and Cu1 distadof m-cg; very sparsetrichia at outer end of vein 2nd A, lacking
on I st A. Venationas describedunder the genus.
Abdomenobscureyellow, genital shield of fenraleclear lightyellow. Ovipositorwith cerci gently upcurvedon outer tif th, tip
subacute.Male hypopygium ( Fig. 7) as described under the
genus.
Habitat:Chile.
Arauco,altitudeI . 100Nahuelbuta,
H olotype,d , Pichinahuel,. l l o t y p e ,9 , B u t a m a l a l ,1 . 4 0 0m e t e r sJ, a n u a r y2 3 - 3 1 , 1 9 5 4( P e f r a ) A
Nahuelbuta,altitude I .100-I .400 meters,January 23-31, 1954.
Paratopotype,| 6 .
There is no allied or generallysimilar speciesknown in the Neotropical fauna. The Californian Thaumastopterahynesi Alexander has
been ligurecl [Alexander,Crane-flies of California, 1967: 175, fig. 66( v e n a t i o n ) f, i g . 2 6 0 ( 6 h y p o p y g i u m ) 1A. p h o t o g r a p h i fci g u r e o f t h e w i n g'fhaumastopterahas been provided by Edwarcls inof the genotype of
craneflies (Trans.
his impoitant paper consideringthe British short-palped
S o c . f o r B r i t i s h E n t o m o l o g l '5, , p a r t l , p l a t e l , f i g . 1 7 ; 1 9 3 8 ) .

Limonia (Dicranomyia) dibelone sp. n.
General cotoration of heacl and thorax brown, praescutum paler,with a darker central stripe; antennae dark brown; wings strongly
darkened,the oval stigma only slightly darker; posteriorborder of tergite

StuchaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969349

of male hypopygiumwith a deep V-shapedemargination,the conspicuous
lobes obtuse,their borders narrowly clarkened;apex of dorsal dististyle
narrowly obtuse,ventral style large and fleshy, about four times thesize of the basistyle,rostral prolongationvery small, with two long
black spinesthat are longerthan the prolongation.

M a I e.
Length,about6.5 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.; antenna,
about 1.2 mm. Rostrumbrown, palpi darker brown. Antennae
dark brown; flagellarsegmentssuboval,subequalto their longest
verticils.Head brown.
Pronotum brownish yellow, narrowly dark brown rnedially.

Mesonotumyellowishbrown, praescutumwith a darker central
stripe, more intenseanteriorly; centersof scutal lobes darker
brown;mediotergite
dark brown.Pleurabrown,metapleuralregiontingcd with green.Haltereswith stem yellowed,knob darkened.
Legs with f ore coxaedark brown, tips narrowly pale, remaining
coxae and all trochanterspale green; remainderof legs brown.
Wings stronglydarkened,the oval stigma only slightly darker;
veins brown. Venation: Sct ending oppositeorigin of Rs, Sc,
slightly removed,Scr alone about one-fourthRs; cell /sf M2
relativelylong, rectangular,m-cu shortly before f ork of M.
Abdominaltergites dark brown, sternitesyellowed,outersegnrcntsslightly more darkened.Male hypopygium (Fig. l4)
with posteriorborderof tergite,/, with a deepV-shapedemarginlobesobtuse,their bordersnarrowly darkation, the conspicuous
enecl.Basistyle,b, only about one-fourththe area of the ventral
lobesmall,oval.Dorsaldististyle,d, small,dististyle;ventromesal
apex narrowlyobtuse;ventralstyle largc ;ritd f leshy,setaesmall
very sttiall,with two long blackand sparse;rostralprolongation
spines, the outer one smaller, more than three tirnes theprolongationbeyonclits insertion,both spines exceedingthe
prolongationin tength. Gonapophysis,g, pale throughottt.

H a b i t a t :C h i l e .
Holotype,6 , Fdo El Roble,Niblinto River,35 knr east ot
Coihueco,Ntuble,altitude650 meters,January18, 1968 (Pefra).
The present fly is most readily told by the hypopygial structure,
particularly the tergite, dorsal dististyle,and rostral prolongationof theventral style. The nature and arrangement of the rostral spines issomewhat as in Limonia (Dicranomyia) selkirki Alexander, L. (D.)
stuardoi Alexander, and L. (D.) weiseriana(Alexander), but all are quitedistinct from the present fly in other ieatures.

350

A te x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeand T'ipulidae

Limonia(Dicranomyia)tabetlatasp. n.
Size medium (wing of female8.5 mm.); mesonotumbrownishyellow,
patterned with brown; rostrum dark brown, longer than the antennal
with a narrow
r.up. and subequalto the labial palpi; femora yell<,rw,.
tight brown nearly terminal ring; wings yellowis.hwhite with a very
tirtri.t..t pale brown pattern,Sc., ending beyondorigin of Rs, Scr sli,ghtly
posteriorretracted, m-cu before fork of M; abclominaltergites yellowed,
bgrtlers slightly darker, sternites more extensivelyyellowed; ovipositor
with cerci long and slender,virtually straight.
F e m a I e.

Length, about 8.5 mnl.; wing, 8.5 llllll.;

antenna,about I .3 mm. Rostrumdark brown, in lengthexceeding
the antennalscape; Iabial palpi similarly lengthened,subequal
to the rostrum, only slightly shorter than the maxillary palpi,
appearingas long flattenedbrownishyellow bladeswith conspicuouserectsetae;maxillarypalpi brownishblack,terminalsegment
exceedingthe penultimate.Head grayl anteriorvertex about two
and one-halftintes the diameterof scape.
Pronotal scutum very light brown, more yellowed laterally,
scutellunrand pretergitesyellow. Mesonotalpraescutunrbrownish
yellow, hunteral region clearer yellow; disk with f our brown
pair virtually contluent,slightly darker thanstripes,internrediate
the sublateralpair, crossingthe sutureand comprisingthe outerhalf of each scutal lobe, median area of the latter and thescutellumobscureyellow, vaguely tinged with light brownish
brownish graY, darker behind, outer margin
gray; nrediotergite
and the pleurotergitelllore yellowed. Pleura obscure brownish
yellow, darker olt propleura,anepisternunland ventral sternopteurite.Halteresobscureyellow,knob slightly darker.Legs withanteriorface of fore coxaedark brown, remainderof coxae andall trochantersyellow; femorayellow with a narrow light brownnearly terntinalring; tibiae and proxintal three tarsal segments
yellow, the rentainderdark brown; claws very small, the apex
only about twice the length of outer spine,basal spinulesmore
reduced.Wings ( Fig. 9) yellowishwhite, with a very restrictedpale brown pattern,includinga small spot at origin of Rs andnarrow vague seamsover cord and outer end of cell /sf Mt;
stigmal region brown, narrowly darker over vein Rzi prearcularf ielcl whitened;veins pale brorvn,Sc, R, basal half of M and
tst A and most of Rs yellowed.Longitudinalveinsbeyondgenerallevel of origin of Rs rvith trichia, nlore sparse on outer ends
rtf both Anal veins.Venation: Sc endingbeyondorigin of Rs, Sc,
sligfttly retracteclto shortly beyond this origin; Rs lon$, rtrore

Stutlra Ent., v,l. 12, fasc. l-4, novembrol969

\

351

.a

t
&s'
tr,t
/V

t4

:i.1.'. -.41.p

G
L7

Fig' 9' Limonia (D.icranoma .) l a h e l t a t a . s p . n . ;' l_i gv. e n a t i o n .
' sifpFig. t0. Limonia( D i c r a n o m v i a ) s u .h c h l o r o f i c an. ; venation.
I
i
,
.
"
"
b
a
r
a
t
i
m
nophilanigritarsiss p ' n ' ; v e n a t i o n . - . F i g . 1 2 . ( ) y n o p t i s t i a ( D i r h .i p.i s ) T o n g i i a m i . tsp.
n.; venation.
F i g ' 1 3 . s h a n n o n o n t y i a i e o . s c c / u s as J i . n . ; v e n a t i o j .
niE. ra.-'Limonia (Dicranomyio)=d i h t ' l o n e s p . n . ; m a t e h v p o-p-yt tg. j u r ^ parat1mn-o'jntmnigritarsis
sp. n.;
f ig. iq.
nrate hypopygium
F i "k .
G y n o . p t i s i i a f O i i n f p i r ' ) " " i i r ' i ' i i r " ^ u ,- s p . n . ; m a t e
Irypopygium.
F i e . 1 7 . s h a n n o n o ' m y i a n e o s e ' c l u s o,'p . n . ; ' - m ; L ; r r v i o p v g i , l r .
l
t
i
.
G
y
n
o
p
t
i
. s t i a .( D i r h i - p i s ) .
(Svmbors:l i ,g .
r a m , r r . p . t r :i m a l e a n t e n n a .
aa e d e a g u s ; b , b a s i s.t y r e ; d , t l i s^t ti sotnygTi e;g , g o r i a r o p t r v s i s j - ' p , ; h ; l l ; ; ; r " ,r,t"tt rsit.l.

352

A le x a n tle r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeancl Tipulidae

than twice the basal sectionof R+-si Ms-a,slightly exceedingM+im-cu about one-third its length before f ork of M.
Abdominaltergitesyellowed,darker on slightly less than theposteriorhalf of segment,extreme border again pale; sternites. yellowed, their posterior ends narrowly ancl
more extensively
bvipositor with cerci light horn color, long andvaguelydarkeneO.
slender,virtually straight,tips narrowlyobtuse;hypovalvaedarker
brown.
Habitat: Chile.
Osorno,April lO-12, 1968 (Pefra)'
Holotype,I , Pucatrihue,
speciesa-ppears
In the wing pattern and venation the most similar'which
differs in
to be Limonia'lbirronomyia) catamarcanaAlexander,
as in veinhead structure and in various details of coloration as well presumablv
trichiation.The weak crossveinin cell sc in this latter species
representsan adventitiouselement and not a constant Supernumerarv
character.

Limonia (Dicranomyia) subchloroticasp- n.
Generalcolorationof mesonotalpraescutumand scutal lobes l)rolvtt,
pleura and pleurotergiteyellowed;rostrum relativelyshort, sliglttly lessittan the biack palpi; head blackened,pruinose, strongly narrowed
posteriorly,anterior vertex broad; stem of halteresand coxae stronglt'
iingea wittr green, remainderof legs light brown, outer tarsal segments
brdnnish blick; wings subhyaline,restrictedlypatterned with brtttt'n,vein Sc., about two-thirds as long as Rs,' abdominal tergites brrrwn.
sternites'lightyellow; cerci straight, flattened,tips obtuselyrottnclecl.
F e m a I e.

Length, about 12 mnl.; wing,

10.5 llllll.;

antenna,about I .5 ntnt. Rostrunrrclativelyshort, brown, sparsely
pruinose;labial palpi oval, blackened,with dense short ercct
setulae;maxillary palpi longer than rostrum,proximal segtttcttt
yellowed,remainderblack.Antennaeblack,proxinralhalf of scapc
obscure greenishyellow; f lagellar segmentsoval, subequal ttl
the longest verticils, terminal segntentabout one-fourth longer
gtay pruinose,
conspicuously
Headblackened,
than the penultimate.
stronglynarrowedbehind; anteriorvertex broad, about five times
the diameterof the scape.
ially,
pronotal scutunr light brown, broadly darker tttc'dscutellumand pretergitesobscureyellow. Mesonotalpraescuttttttwith a broad subnitidousbrown stripe and paler more pruinose
laterals,humeraland lateral bordersmore yellowed;scutal lobes
brownishblack, median area more yellowed,the color continueil
backwardover centralpart of scutellum,parascutellapaler; nrediotergite narrowly brown on centralpart, the broad lateral borders

353

Stuclia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. l--1, novembro 196!)

and the pleurotergitemore yellowed.Pleura obscureyellow.
Haltereswith stem light green, apex of knob dark brown. Legs
with all coxae and trochanters,with the metapleuralregion,stronglytinged with light green; remainderof legs light brown,
femoralbasesnarrowlymore yellowed,outer threetarsal segrnents
brownishblack; claws with two basal teeth,the outer one larger.
Wings ( Fig. l0) subhyaline,with no trace of yellow color; arestrictedbrown pattern, includingthe stigma and a confluent
slightly darker cloud over the f ork of Rs, with a comparable
darkening over m-cu and distal section of Cut; wing tip anda cloud at midlengthof vein Cu in cell M much paler.brown;
cell Sc darkenedexcept at outer end; veins brown, paler in theprearcularfield. Longitudinalveins beyondgenerallevel of originof Rs with trichia, includingalso the outer third of vein 2nd A,
lacking on 1sf A. Venation: Sc, ending oppositeorigin of Rs,
Sc, retracted,Sc, alone about two-thirds Rs, the latter morethan twice the more arcuatedbasal sectionof Ra-r; m-cu at forkof M, Ms-+ longer than vein M4.
Abdonrinal tergites brown, sternites light yellow, with avaguegreenishtinge.Ovipositorwith cerci straight,flattened,tips
roughened;hypovalvae
obtuselyrounded,marginsmicroscopicallybroacllytlattenedat base, narrowedto the obtuse apex.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype, 9, Fdo El Roble,Niblinto River, 35 km east of
Nuble,altitude650 meters,January18, 1968 (Pefia).
Coihueco,
The presentfly suggestscertain other regional speciesbut differsfrom all in various respects. Such generally similar species_include
Limonia (Dicranomyia)an-dicola(Alexancler),L. (D.) chlorotica(Philippi)'
Alexander,L. (D.) thixis Alexander, ancl som.eL. (D.) sanctaecrrlzae
others. In nature, along the Rio Niblinto, the fly was_associatedwith
variorrsspeciesof the glnera Aphrophila Edwards and CryptolabisOsten
Sacken,both having strictly aquatic immatttre stages.

Hexatomini

Paralimnophilanigritarsis sp. n.
Size medium (wing of male over 10 mm.); mesonotumchiefly black,sparsely pruinose, pleura gray; legs almost uniformly medium brown,
includingthe femora;'wingslight brown, restrictedtypatternedwith clarker,
about three times.R?,.bu:ul section.of,veinR.u long, obliterat3r-, long,
ing r-m or virtually So, cell M1 deep, nearly twice its petiole; malehypopygiumwith outer dististyle terminating in two spinous points;
phallosomewith long slender apophyses.
23

I

354

ancl Tipulidae
A I e x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrich6cericlae

Length,about 11.5-12mnl.; win$, lo.5-12 nlm.;
M a I e.
antenna,about I .5-I .6 nln1.Rostrumblack, gray pruinose;palpi
black. Antennaebrownish black, scape pruinose;f lagellar segnrentsoval, beconringmore elongateoutwardly, the intermediateones somewhatshorter than their verticils.Head gray; anteriorvertex broad, more than three times the diameterof scape.
Pronotum black, pruinose.Mesonotalpraescutumblack, thecolor dulled by a sparse gray pruinosity; posterior scleritesof
notum more heavily pruinose,parascutellalight brown. Pleura
the wing
Sray, dorsopleuralmentbraneand region surroundingbase more yellowed.Haltereswith stem yellow, knob infuscated.
Legs with coxae obscure yellow, f ore pair with anterior f ace
blackish gray; trochanters yellow; remainder of Iegs almost
uniformly medium brown, tips of f emora and outer tarsal segments slightly darker. wings ( Fig. 1I ) chiefly light brown,
restrictedlypatternedwith darker, the more conspicuousarcas
including the origin of Rs, stigma and anterior cord, remainderof cord less evidentlydarkened;very insignificantclouds in cell
R adjoiningvein R at near middistanceand a similar small area
at tip of vein Rsi cells R, Rr, Rz beyondthe stigma,and basal
two-thirdsof Ist A more yellowed;veins light brown. Venation:
Rs long, square and long-spurredat origini Rz-s-q shorter thanbasal sectionof Ru, the latter virtually contiguouswith cell /sf
Mr, obliteratingr-m; cell M1 nearly twice its petiole'm-cu about
one-halfits length beyondtork of M.
Abdomendark brown to brownish black' Male hypopygiurrt
d, terminatingin trvo spinous(Fig. 15) with the outer clististyle,points,the lower one stouterin type, nlore acutein the paratype;withinn.,. style at base with two oval lobes, the larger one
theabundantconspicuouscircular setigerouspunctures'some ofhalf
setae very long, the punctureslikewise occurring on basalof outer blade of ttyt., the smallerlobe without setae.Phallosome'
tips
p, rvith gonapophyseslong ancl slencler,gently sinuous,
narrowly obtuse.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype,6 , Butamalal,Nahuelbuta,Arauco,altitude I 1001400 meters,January23-31, 1954 (Pefia). Paratype,6, PichinaltitudeI 100-1400meters,January23-31,1954
ahuel,Nahuelbuta,( Pefra).
The most similar regional species are Paralimnophila diffusior
Alexanclerancl P. s/ygipe.s'and (Alexancler)which differ in venation and inwings. The fly further cliffers from virtuallycoloration of the boclf

Studia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969355

all other specieswith the exceptionof P. diffusior in the bispinousouterclististyleof the hypopygium,the other specieshaving the lower spinous
point rounded or lacking. The various members of the genus differ
in the cletailsof structureof the phallosome,'
eviclentlyamong themselves
especiallythe apophyses.

Shannonomyianeoseclusasp. n.
Generalcolorationof thorax brownishyellow, praescutumwith three
clarker brown stripes; antennaeblack, more than one-thirclthe wing;
wings yellow, stigma brown, with a very vague brown cloud at thecorcl, especiallyover r-ffi, anterior prearcular field light yellow; a small
group of trichia in outer end of cell Rsi vein R, close to outer end of
Rr-s-+, cell trl._present;abclomenbrownish black, hypopygiumslightly
paler.
M a I e.

Length, about 7 nlnt.; wing, 6 nlnl.; antenna,

about 2.3 mnt. Rostrutnbrownish lrlack, palpi black. Antennae
black, relativelylong; tlagellarsegnrents
eiongate,exceedingthe
verticils,slightly narrowedat either end, surfacewith abundant
clenseshort setulae, terntinal segment less than one-half thepenultimate.
Head brown with a yellow pollen,cleareron orbits.
Pronotumdull dark brown. Mesonotalpraescutumbrownish
yellow, with three darker brown stripes, the central one moreevident; posterior scleritesof notunr brown, pollinose.Pleura
dark brown,pruinoseon propleuraand anteriormesopleura,moreyellowedon pteropleuriteancl rncral region. Haltereswith stem
Iight yellow,apex of knob weaklyclarkened.
Legs with fore coxae
dark brown, renrainingcoxae and trochantersobscure yellow;
rernainderof legs brown, almost uniform except f or the paler
femoralbases.Wings (Fig. l3) brownishyellow, stigma brown,
relatively conspicuous;a very vague brown cloud over cord,
especiallythe arcuatedr-ffi, anteriorprearcularfield light yellow;
veins light brown. Abundant trichia on veins beyond generallevel of origin of Rs, includingalso the outer ends of both Analveins; a very limited nunlber of trichia in extreme outer endof cell Rr (positionindicatedby stippling in figure). Venation:
Sc, ending shortly before f ork of Rs, Sc, longer; Rs relatively
short, Rz close to fork of Rr-s-n, at near midlengthof stigma;
venationof radial field as shown, cell Re at margin nearly onehalf more extensivethan cell R,]i cell M1 shorterthan its petiole;m-cu at near midlengthof Ms-n.
Abdomen brownish black, hypopygiumslightly paler. Male
hypopygium(Fig. 17) with outer dististyle,d, slender,the outer
point slightly longer than the more acute inner one, setae of
23*

356

A l e x a n c l e r , N e o t r o p i c aTl r i c h o c e r i t l aaen d T i p u l i d a elower f acc pale but very long; inner style with a conspicuousbasal lobe. Aedeaguslong, ntoderatelyconvoluted.
H a b i t a t :C h i l e .
-3, 1968
Holotype, E , Dalcahue,chiloe Island, April I(Pefra).ParatopotyPe,
6.
The most similar regional specieshaving cell M 1 of the wings
preservedincludeShannonomyia
firiata (Alexander),S. sec/usa(Alexander;, and S. sparsissima(Aiexancler),all differing from t-ht presenttly
in coloration,i.gt.. of tiichiation of the wing cells,-uld especiallyin
detailsof structuieof the male hypopygium,particularlythe phallosome'

Gynoplistia(Dirhipis) longiramussp. n.
Size large (length of male nearly 35 mm.); general colt-rrationof
thorax light gray, abdomen almost uniformly yellowish brown; antennaeof male unusuallylarge, including the exceedinglylong flagellar branches,
the longest of these slightly exceedingthe entire antenna.

Length,nearly35 lnm.; wing, 25 mm.; antenna,
M a I c.
about 9llltlt., the longestbranch9.5 nlm. Rostrunrdark brown,
palpi brown, outer segntentpaler, subequalin length to thc
conrbinedscgntentstwo and three. Antennae( Fig. l 8) withproxintalfourteensegmentsbrown, the branchesand outer simple
the f ormulasegmentsbrownish yellow; antennae22-segmented,
b e i n g 2 + 2 + l 0 * 8 ; f l a g e l l a r b r a n c h e se x c e e d i n g l yl o n g a n dslender,the Iongestexceedingthe entire antenna;branchesof
proxinraltwo segmentsslightly morc than one-halfthe longest,
succecdingten segmentslvith branchesthat are not greatly
differentin length or diameter,the outer three or four progressively shorter; vestitureof all brancheslong and very delicate,outer eight segmentssimple,
pale and relativelyinconspicuous;
the first (segnrentfifteen) longest,the remainderprogressively
shorter,the last again lengthened,nearly twice the penultirnate,slightly constrictedat near midtength.Head dark brown.
Thoracic notum almost uniformly light gray pruinoseovera brown ground,the four slightly darker praescutalstripesbarely
evident,lateral praescutalborders still more whitened,extreme
margins darker. Pleura clear light graY, vaguely patternedby
darker gray. H alteres brown. Legs with coxae grayish white;remainderof legs light brown, tips of f emora and tibiae veryslightly darker, outer tarsal segmentsdark brown; claws small,serr[late.Wings (Fig. 12)
base of lower margin microscopicallyalmost uniformly f ulvousyellow, costal border and cells beyond

StucliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969357

cord more saturated,anal field paler basally;stigmaonly slightly
clarkerthan the ground,very narrowly ringed with darker brownat proxirnal end above Scr; anterior prearcularf ield darkened,
the color including the proximal half of cell Cu; very small
dark seamsover h, origin of Rs, cord, outer encl of cell 1s/ Mz
and f ork of M r-z; veins yellowed,darkenedin patternedareas
except in the obliterativc parts of the cord. Veins unusuallyglabrous,beyond cord rvith a sparse scatteredseries on distal
sectionof Rs. Venation:Rs long, Rr-s-n and basal sectionot
R; subequal;petioleof cell M I about one-haltlonger than m;
m-cu beyond midlength of Ms-+.
Abdomen almost uniformly yellowish brorvn, the tergites
narrowly and vaguely darker laterally.Male hypopygium( Fig.
l6) generallyas in other membersof the subgenus,differing
only in slight details.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype,d , Pucatrihue,coastalOsorno,FebruaryS, t968
( Salgado,through Pefra).
The present fly representsthe extreme clevekrpmentof branchingof the antennaein the entire family ancl, proportionalto body size,
probably in the entire insect worlcl. Other membersof the subgenus,
includingGynoplistia(Dirhipis) lusca Jaennicke,G. (D.) luteola Alexantler, G. (D.) riedeliana(Enclerlein),and G. (D.) striatipennisAlexander,
all have the f lagellar branchesmuch shorter, in no case exceeding
three-fourthsof the antennallength.The figure of the antennaprovided
herewith was drawn by the aicl of an optical nrachineand the proportions of the varicmsbranchesare reasonablyaccurate.The lengthof these branchesproportionateto the total length of the antenna isgreater than in the two speciesof the Tipuline genus Phacelodocera
Enderlein,P. herroni Alexanclerand P. margaritae Alexander,both of
New Caledonia,which previouslymarkeclthe extremein such developmentof the antenna.
In aclditionto the speciesof Dirhipis Enderlein above listed, there
are at least two other membersof the genus that appear to belong
to this subgenusbut remain insufficientlyknown. G),noplistiaflavipennis(Philippi), describedas a Ctedonia,was basedon a single femaletaken
at Lake Ranco,Valclivia,Chile. It agreeswith luteola in colorationof
the wings but is much smaller,the length being given as about 20 ffiffi.,
as in otherthe wing about 16 mm. The antennaeare 22-segmented,
known members of Dirhipis but there are differencesthat appear toseparate it from luteola which seems to be the most similar species.
Gynoplistiapictipennis(Philippi), describedin Ctedonia,similarly has
not been recognizedbut from the structure of the antennae,described
this too appears to be correctly assigned toas being 22-segmented,
discussecl
this was describedfrom a single
Like
last
species
Dirhipis.
thefemaletaken in Valdivia,Chile. Like the last it is a very small species
to be a memberof this subgenus,the length being about 16 ffiffi.,wing
about l3 mm. Philippi'sdescriptionof coloration,especiallyof the wings
and abclomen,differs from all Chilean speciesof C),noplistiapresently
recognized.

358

A I e x a n d e r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeand Tipulidae

Atarba (Atarba) distisPinasP. n.
Generalcolorationof thorax uniformly dtrll yellow; antennaeof malevery long, more than two-thirds the wing, chiefly light yellow, the outerends of Jtre flagellar segmentsnarrowly clarkened,the color increasing
in amount outwlrclly, ouler six or seven segmentsuniformly darkened;
all flagellar ..gr.ntr with abundant long pale setae that exceed thediametdr of th; segment but are shorter than the verticils; legs pale
brown; wings with Sc long, St., ending about opposite three-fourths
with tergal'spinesparallel to one another; outerRs,. male hypopygium'ilispines groupeclat ancl near apex, the terminal one
disiistyle *ittt
stout; aedeagusltlng and sinuous,apex slightly dilated.

Length, about 5 nlm.; wing, 5.6 mnl.; antenna,
M a I e.
about 4 mnl. Rostrum yellow, palpi light brown. Antennaeot
male very long, nlore than two-thirds the wing; scape, pedicel
and most of tlagellurnlight yellow, the nlore proxinlal f lagellar
segmentswith outer ends infuscated,scarcelyindicatedon tirstse[ment, incluclingthe outer f itth on segntentstwo and three,gridually becoming more extensiveoutwardly, terminal six orseven segmentsunifornrly darkened; f lagellar segmentslongcylindrical,the first longest,the renraindergraduallyshorteroutwardly; all segrnentswith abundantlong pale setaethat exceed
the dianretetof the segmentbut are ntuch shorter thdn the darkverticils.Head clear light yellow.
pronotunr obscure yellow. Mesothorax alnrost unitormly
dull yellow, dorsopleuralnrembraneslightly infuscated.Halteresbrownish yellow, knob darker brown. Legs with coxae andtrochantersyellow; remainderof legs very pale brown' Wings
very f aintly tinted with brown, prearcularand costal f ields moreyeliowed,stigma not indicated;veins pale brown' Venation: Sc
iong, Sc, .nOing about opposite three-fourths Rs, Sc, slightly
m-cu at near threeremoved;cell tst M" Ion$,nearlyrectangular,
fifths its length.
Abdominal tergites light brown, sternitesand hypopygiunt
more yellowed.Male hypopygiunr( Fig. 23) with tergal spines,t, arising front a narrow band, extending outwardly generally
parallelto one another,basalhalf slightly dilated,thencenarrowed
into a slenderspine. Outer dististyle,d, with all spines grouped
at and near apex, terminalspine stout, the othersmuch sntaller;slightly expanded.
inner style with apex pale, subntentbranous,
Aedeagus,a, long and sinuous,the curvedapex slightly dilated'
the actual tip acute.
Habitat: Pananra.

StudiaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969

359

Holotype,6 , El Volcin, Chiriqui, altitude 4200 feet, May
I l , 1 9 5 4( F i e l d ) .
Other regional membersof the subgenushaving characterssomewhat
as in the present fly include Atarba (Atarba) panamensisAlexander,
A. (A.) religiosa Alexander,and some others, all differing among themselvesin details of the antennaeand male hypopygia.The long chiefly
yellow antennaeof this speciesare noteworthy.

Atarba (Atarba) pustulata sp. n.
A{esonotalpraescutumand scutumbrownishyellow, posteriorsclerites
of notum brownish black; antennaeof male relatively long, about twothirds the wing, proximal flagellar segmentsbicolored,brown, the bases
narrowly yellowecl,outer s.egmentsuniformly brown; flagellar segmentswith abundant microscopicpustules that bear small pale setae, muchsmaller than the black verticils; legs yellow, tips of femora narrowly
and abruptly black; wings brownish yellow; abdomenbicolored,yellow,
posterior ends of segmentsdark brown, subterminalsegmentsuniformly
darkened; male hypopygiumwith tip of outer dististyle decurved,subtendeclby a long spine,with further smaller spines in a compact groupat near two-thirds the length of style; aedeagus a flattened nearlystraight blade, expanded at outer end.

M a le.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 5 . 5 - 5 . 7n l m . ; w i n g , 5 . 4 - 5 . 6 m m . ;antenna, about 3-3.1 nrnr. Rostrum yellowed, palpi slightly
darker. Antennaeof male about two-thirds the length of wingor body; scape and pedicel yellowed, proximal tlagellar segmentsbrown, the base narrowly yr'llowed,the amount decreasing
on outer segntents,
beconringobsoletcon about the fifth segnrent;f lagellar segnrentslong-cylindrical,with very abundant microscopicpustulesthat bear small pale setae,much smaller than
the sparse black verticils. Head yellowish brown.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotal praescutumand scutal lobes
polishedbrownish yellow, the posteriorscleritesbrownish black,
Pleura brownish yellow, meral region nlore brightened.Halteres
obscure yellow. Legs with coxae obscure brownish yellow;
trochanterslight yellow; f entora light yellow, tips narrowly but
conspicuously
black; remainingsegmentsyellow, the outer tarsal
segmentsvery f aintly darkened.Wings brownish yellow, prearcular and costal f ields clear light yellow; stigma very pale
brown, scarcelydarker than the ground; veins brownish yellow,
cleareryellow in the brightenedfields. Venation: Sc short, Sct
ending imnrediatelybefore origin of Rs, the latter relativelyshort,in oblique alignment with basal section of Rr,; m-cu at near
one-fourth Ms-*.

300

A I e .\ a n cle r, NeotropicalTrichgcericlaeantl Tipulidae

bicolored,yellow,posteriorends
segrnents
Basal abclominal
clark brolvn, seventhancl eighth sc'gmentsuniformly darkened
yellorv.Male hypopygium(Fig. 24)
to fo.rrna ring; hypopygiurnwith tersal plate,t, gentlywidenedoutwardly,eachlateralangle
producedinto a small darkeneclspine.Outer dististyle,d, withapical point slencler,the tip clecurved,outer lnargin of stylespine,at near two-thirdsthe length with
with a long appressecl
a contpactgroup of about five sntallerspines,the more basalf.)nessmatlest;inner style slightly longer,slender,apex obtuse.
Aedeagus,o, a flattenedblade, nearly straight,rvidenedoutits point acute.
rvarclly,the apex slightlyadz-shaPed,
Habitat: Panama.
Holotype,6 , El Volcan,Chiriqui,altitude42OOfeet, April4, 1954 ( Field).
Various other Neotropical specieshave the aedeagttsof the malehypopygiumgenerally as in the prq.sentfly, diff.eringin other featuresof the hypopygium ancl antennae,tt'te moit similar sttch speciesbeing
scutataAlexancler,of Mexico, A. (A') tatei Alexander'
Atarba (*arbb
of Ecuackrr.Various other membersof the genus in Panama, including
Alexancler,A. (A.) fieldiana Alexander,and A' (A')
A. (A.) apicispinosapono^rrri, Aiexander,have the hypopygial details quite distlnct'

Atarba (Atarba) serena sp. n.
General coloration of tlroracic dorsum cleep yellow, pleura clearer
yellow; antennaeof male lt-rng,exceeclingone-half the body, proximal
flagellar segmentsdark brown with narrow yellow bases; normal setaeof flagellar segmentsexceedingthe cliameterof the segment or about
one-half as long as the verticils; femora and tibiae yellow; abdominal
tergites brownish yellow, subterminalsegmentsbrown to form a broadring; male hypopygiumwith outer clististylelong, narrow, outer margin
with from five to eight spines,the more basal ones progressivelysmaller;
aedeagus relatively short, appearing as a narrow curved blade, theapex obliquely truncated.

L e n g t h , a b o u t 5 . 2 - 5 . 5m m . ; w i n g , 5 - 5 . 2 m m . ;M a le.
antenna,about 3-3.2 mnl.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 6 t n m . ; w i n $ , 6 m m .
Female.
Rostrum yellow, palpi dark brown with pale incisures,
ternrinalsegmentlong, nearly equal to the precedingtwo segments combined.Antennaeof male long, exceedingone-half the
body or wing; scape and pedicelyellow, proximal f lagellar segments dark brown, basesnarrorvlyyellow, on proximal segments
incfuclingabout the basalfourth, decreasingin amountoutwardly,
becomingobsoleteon about the ninth segment,apices of seg-Studia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. 7-4, novembro1969

36r

N
*\

25

z7
Fig. 19. Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) bromeliae sp. n.; venation. - Fig. 2O'^Gonomyia(Progonomyia)' chitoensis sp. n.; venation. Fig. 21. Rhahdomasfix (Sacandaga)parv{cornis sp. n.; venation.
Fig. 22. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) parvicornis. sp.
F i g . 2 3 . A t a f u a ( A t a r b a ) d i s t i s p i n a s p . n . ; m 4 _ l eh y p o p y g i u m .
h.; male antenna.'-Fig.24.Atarba(Ata/ba)pustulatasp.n.;malehypopygium.
( A t a r b a ) s e r e n a s p . n . ; m a l d h y p o-pZyl .g i u m .
Fig. 26. Atarha (Atarba).subpatensFig.
G o n o m y i a - ( P r o g o . n o m y i a . )c h i l o e n s l s s p . D : i
sp. n.;- male hypripygium.
--- FiB. 28. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) par.vicornis sp. .n:i male
male hypopygiurir.
-(Symbols: c, aedeagus; b, -basistyle; d, dististyle; i, interbase;hypopydi'um.t , t e r g i t e) .

362

A I e x a n cle r, NeotropicalTricltttceridaeand Tipulidae

with abundarrt
lnentsvery narrowlyyellowed;f lagellarsegntents
erect setaethat exceedthe dianteterof the segment,the longest
about one-halfthe verticils.Antennaeof fenralesltorter.Headbrownishyellow.
Thoracic dorsunr deep yellow, subnitidous,pleura lightyellow; renlainder
yellow. Legs with all coxae and trochante'rsof legs yellow, outer tarsal segntentsbrown, the extrenletipsof f emoraf aintly infuscated.Wings brownishyellow, prearcular:and costaltields light yellow; veins brownishyellow. Venation
Sc, endingoppositeorigin of Rs, branchesof the latter gradually
divergent,cell Rr at margin about one-halfas extensiveas cell
R+i m-cu at to shortly bryond f ork of M.
Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, sternitesand hypopygium yellow; segtnentsseven and eight, with outer half ofsix, dark brown to f ornr a broad ring. Male hypopygiunr( Fig.
25) with outer lateralanglesof tergal plate, t, producedlateradinto acute spinesto tornr a straight angle. Outer dististyle,d,long and narrow, axial spine slender,decurved,outer marginof style with f ronr f ive to eight spines,the strong outer ones
snlaller basad, inner
nrore appressed,the spines progressively
style narrowestat near rnidlength,apex obtuse.Aedeagus,o,relativelysltort, less than the dististyle,outer halt a narrowcurved blade, apex obliquelytruncatedto appear pointed.
Habitat: Pananta.
Holotype,6 , El VolcSn,Chiriqui,altitude 4200 feet, Mayl l , 1 9 5 4 ( F i e l d ) . A l l o t o p o t y p e9,, M a y 1 5 , 1 9 5 4 .Paratopotypes,severald I , April 4 May 30, 1954 (Field).
Other speciesthat are generally similar to the present f ly in thecoloration ancl vestiture of the male antennaeinclude Atarba (Atarba\
Alexander,A. (4.) procericornis
bolivianaAlexander,A. (A.) megaphal/u.s
Alexander, A. (A.) thamia Alexander, and some rtthers, all differing
especially in the male hypopygium. A few further species have thef lagellar setae very long and delicate, being even longer than in anyof the above speciesand exceedingthe verticils in length. Such species
include A. (A.) aperta Alexander,A. (A.) hirticornis Alexander,A. (4.)
Iyriformis Alexancler,A. (A.) subdentataAlexander,and some others.

Atarba (Atarba) subpatenssp. n.
Thorax obscureclull brownish yellow; antennaerelatively short, lessthan one-half the wing, flagellar segments with pale setae that areshorter than the verticils; legs brownish yellow; wings unpatterned,Sclong, St., encling about opposite two-thirds the long Rs,. cell M-, o.pen
by atrophy of hasal section of Msi male hypopygitrmwith tergal spines

Studia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. l-1, novembro 1969

363

long, divergent;outer clististylesubcylindrical,the small blackenedspines
concentratedat apex; aedeagusvery long.

M a I e.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 5 . 5 n l m . ; w i n g , 5 . 8 m m . ; a n t e n n a ,about 2.5 mm. Rostrum obscureyellow, palpi yellowish brown.
Antennaerelatively short, less than one-half the wing, almost
uniformly light brown; f lagellar segments cylindrical, witlt
abundantpale setaethat are shorter than the darkenedverticils.
Head brown.
Thorax almost uniformly obscure dull brownish yellow,
praescutumvaguelylined longitudinallywith darker. Halteresdull
yellow. Legs with coxae and trochantersyellow, remainder oflegs uniformly brownish yellow. Wings f aintly infuscated,unpatterned,prearcularand costal fields light yellow; veins brownish yellow. Macrotrichia on longitudinal veins beyond general: Sc long, Sct ending aboutlevel of origin of Rs. Venation
oppositetwo-thirds the long Rs; cell M2 open by atrophy ofbasal sectionof Ms.
Abdomenbrownishyellow, pleural ntembranedarkenedby
dense microscopicsetulae.Male hypopygium ( Fig. 26) withtergal Spines,t, long, divergent,tront a narrow base. Outer
the snrallblackenedspinesconcentratdististyle,d, subcylindrical,
ed at apex; inner style stouter, outer end slightly enlargedAedeagus,e, very long, slightly dilated beforemidlength,thence
narrowedand curved,apex slightly expanded,narrowedinto acurved pale spine.
Habitat: Panama.
Holotype,d , El Volciin, Chiriqui, altitude 4200 feet, Mayll, t954 (Field).
In its venation,especiallythe long t'ein Sc and open cell M, thepresent fly most resemblesAtarba (Atarha) aperta Alexander and A.
(A.) subapertaAlexander,differing especiallyin antennal structure andvestiture and in details of hypopygial structure.

Eriopterini

Trentepohlia (Paramongoma)bromeliaesp. n.
Mesonotalpraescutumyellow, with two contiguousbrown lines before
the suture, scutal lobes, scutellum and mediotergitedark brown; femora
light brown, tips narrowly white, tibia with base narrowly, apex broadly
white, basitarsi extensively darkened; wings narrow, grayish brown,
anterior thircl light yellow, especiallycells C and Sc, stigma dark brown;
abdominaltergites dark brown, margined with yellow, sternitesyellowed.

30+

ancl Tiptrlidae
A I e x a n d e r , N e o t r o p i c a lT r i c h o c e r i c l a e

Length abttut 7.5 rnm.; wing, 6x1.2 nlm.
Length,about I mm.; wing 7 X 1.5 lllnl.
F e tn a I e.

M a I e.

Describedfronr alcoholicmaterials.Rostrunlvery reduced,
yellow, palpi short, pale brorvn.Antennaebrorvnishblack, baseof f irst f lagellarsegnlentpale; f lagellarsegmentssubcylindrical,
verticilsshort. Front yellow, vertex more brownishyellow.
Pronotunrobscureyellow. A{esonotalpraescutunrbrownish
yellow on front ancl sicles,posteriorhalf at nridlinewith two
brown lines; scutal lobes dark brown, central area
contiguoLls
yellolv; mediotergite
yellow; scutellumclark brown, parascutella
yellorv.Pleurauniformlyyellow.Haltereswith
dark; pleurotergite
Legswith coxaeand trocltantersstempale,knob weaklydarkenecl.
yellow; femora light brown, tips narrowly white, precededby
a subequalslightly darker brown ring; tibiae light brown, basenarrowly whitenecl,slightly less than the femoral apex' tips
includingapproximatelythe distal seventh;basitarsus
rvhitenecl,
to three-fourths brown, apex whitened,lvith proximaltrvo-thircls
remainderof tarsi slightly more infuscated.Wings ( Fig' 19)
yellowed on anterior
narrow, oS shown by the nleasllrements,
third, posteriorpart grayishbrown,cellsc and sc'conspicuously
light yellow; stigma dark trrown; pale brown washesat wing
tip and basaclulong Rs, chietly in radial field. Venation: Rs
retativelylong, in length slightly exceedingthe petiole of cell
R:ri m-cu and outer sectionof Cu, not f orming a virtual straightcell 2nd A in holotype narrower
angle, ?S in bromeliodicolo;
than in the allotYPef ernale.
Abdominaltersiteschiefly dark brown, outcr segmentswith
posteriorbordersnarrowlyyellolv,siclesmorebroadlyso; sternites
Ovipositorwith valvesrelatively
blackenecl.
hypopygiunr
ycllowecl,
short and very slender.
Habitat: Mexico.
Holotype,alcoholicJ, Cerroel Vigia, SantiagoTuxtla,Vera
Cruz; larvae collectedin nridclleof September1967, adults
elllergedin October;larvae f ound in water in basal axils of aBromeliacl,AechmeamexiconoBaker, collectedby Dr. Carlos
Baigts, type returnedto Hinton and presented
R. Beutelspacher
by him to the British Museum (Natural History), allotype inMaterialsof the early stagesin the InstitutoCollection.
Alexancler
de Biologia,Mexico, D. F.

S t u d i a E n t . , v o l . i 2 , f a s c . 1 - - 1 ,n r t v e n t b r o1 9 6 9365

The species cliffers in leg coloration from the other Mexican
bromeliadicolousspecies of the genus, Trentepohlia (Paramongoma)
Alexander,being moreleucoxt'no(Alexander) and T. (P.) suhleucoxenalike T. (P.) bromeliadicola(Alexander), of Costa Rica, from whiclt it
differs in the small size, narrow wings, and coloration of the legs.
A summary of the habits and occurrenceof the speciesas previously
known is included in an early paper by the writer (Cornell University,
Agr. Expt. Sta. Menroir 38: 943-945; 1920).

Gonomyia (Progonomyia) chiloensissp. n.
General coloration gray, praescutum'with three dark brown stripes,
p.osteriorpleuritesmore yellowed; legs light brown; 'wings pale broyn,brown; male hypopygiumhaving outer encl ofth. small stigma darker'withintermecliatedististyle
two arms, the outer one shallowly emarginate
to appear bilobed, all lobes obtuse; apex of aedeaguswith lona palelateral lobes that extend beyond the level of the small central heok.

M a I e.
Length,about6.5 mnr.; wing, 7.2 mm. Rostrunr
brolvn,sparselypruinose,
palpi black.Antennae
blackthroughout;f lagellarsegmentsoval, the outer ones.longer,verticilsshort.
Head light gray, centerof vertex patternedwith brown.
Pronotuntbrownish gray, clearer gray laterally.Mesonotal
praescutumgray with three dark brown stripes,the lateral pairnarrow; posteriorscleritesof notunr gray, scutellunron sides
and behind vauuely more yellowed.Pleura gray, the nlcron,metaple.ura
and adjoinineparts pale yellow.Haltereslong, stenr
pale yellow,knolt dark brown. Legs with coxaedark brownish
gray; trochantersbrown; renrainderof legs light brown, outer
two tarsalsegnrents
brownisirblack.Wings (Fig. 20) palebrown,
stignrasmall,slightlydarker brown; veins brown. Venation: R2
preservedbut pale and inconspicuous;vein Rs subequalto
combinedpetiole of cell Rsi m-cu about one-thirdits length
beforc' f ork of M.
Abdomendark brown, hypopygiumslightly more yellowed.
Male hypopygium(Fig.27) with outer lobe of basistyle,b,broadly obtuse.Outer dististyle,d, a gently curved rod thatnarrows to an acute point, outer half blackened;intermediatestyle distinctive,blackened,with two main outer arms, the outer
one shallowlyemarginateto appear bilobed,all lobes obtuse;inner style a long pale club, outer end more expanded,withseveralunusuallystrong setae.Aedeagus,
a, with a small curved
long pale lobes
centralhook at apex, subtendedby conspicuousthat are sparselyprovidedwith setae.

366

and Tipttliclae
l richoceritlae
A l e x a n c le r , N e o t r o p i c aT

Habitat:Chile.
Holotype,6 , Chepu,ChiloeIsland,April 4-6, 1968 ( Pena)'
Other regional members of the subgenusinclude Gonomyia (Progonomyia) synchroa Alexancler,and its subspeciessetosivenaAlexander,
iit cenlral Chile, and the more northern G. (P.) weiseri Alexander,of
Chile ancl Argentina,occurring at high altitudes.All of these are most
reaclily separateclby hyp<tpygialcharacters,partictrlarly the dististyles
ancl aedeagus.It may be noted that in the original accountof the subg e n u s b y t h e w r i t e r ( D i p t e r a P a t a g o n i aa n d S o u t h C h i l e , l : 1 8 0 , l 8 l ,pt. 10, iig. 2Zl ; 1929) where the speciesand race were defined, thetlescriptionantl figure of the hypopygiumare incomplete,especiallyas
t.gur,l. the third br inner clististyle,which actually is a stottt darkened
club with its stem very short.

Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga)parvicornis sp. n.
General coloration r-rf thorax clull brownish yellow, pleura clearer_velkrw;antennaeof male short, if bent backward extending about tosegmentsof f lagellum about four times as
the wing root, intermecliate
Iong as broacl,only slightly exceedingtheir verticils;wings pale,prearcularand costal fielclsmore yellowecl;male hypopygiumwith interbaseslightly
enlargeclbasally, outer half slenc.ler,the slightly pointed apex morehyaline.

L e n g t h ,a b o u t 4 . 5 m m . ; w i n g , 5 m n l . ; a n t e n n a ,M a I e.
about I mnr. Rostrum light yellow, palpi black. Antennae( Fig.
22) short, if bent backwardextendingabout to wing root; scape,pedicel and proximal f our f lagellar segnlentsyellow, outer segf lagellarsegmentsabout
ntentspassinginto brown; interrnediate
four timesas long as broad,only slightly exceedingtheir verticils,
the latter at near one-third to two-fifths the length of segment,
pale setaeof outer segmentsshort and relativelyinconspicuous.
Head grayish yellow; anterior vertex broad.
Thorax almost unifornrly dull brownish yellow, praescutumwith scarcelyevidentdarkerstripes;pleuracleareryellow.Haltereswith stent whitened,knob weakly infuscated.Legs with coxae
ye.llowthe elongatetrochantersnlore whitened;remainderof legs
brownish yellow. Wings ( Fig. 2l) very pale, prearcular andcostal f ields slightly more yellowed; stigma pale brown. Macrotrichiaon veins Ro, distal half of Rg-r, Ru, distal sectionot
Mr-r, M" and Ma, more sparseon secondsectionoI M1-2; a few
trichia at outer end of /s/ A. Venation: Sc long, ending about
opposite two-thirds the very long Rs, Sc, not apparent; vein
R:l nearly transverse,about equal to distanceon costa between
Rr-g and Rsi Rz-s-+ a trif le shorter than R+; m subequalto
basal sectionof Msi m-cu at midlengthof Ms-n.

Studia Ent., vol. 72, fasc. l-4, novembro1969

367

Abdonrinaltergitesbrownishyellow, sternitescleareryellow,
eighth and nirrth segnrentsweakly infuscatedto form a poorly
inclicatedsubterminalring, hypopygiumyellowed. Male hypopygiunr ( Fig. 28) with outer dististyle,d, about two-fif ths thelength of basistyle,outer end very slightly expanded,the outer
points,the largerapicalone a stout spike.
nrarsinwith appressedInterbase,i, slightly more than one-halt as long as basistyle,proxinralend slightly enlarged,outer half slender,the slightly
pointedapex nlore hyaline.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype, 6 , Los Cipreces,Talca, altitude 1050 meters,
J a n u a r yl 3 - 1 5 ; 1 9 6 8 ( P e f r a ) .
The three presently known regional members of the subgenus aremost readily separateclby the relative lengths of the antennae of themale.The presentfly has the shortestantennae,Rhabdomastix(Sacandaga)
syntlera Alexander the longest,with R. (S.) intermedia Alexander about
twice as long as in this species,extenclingto shortly beyond the baseof the abclomen,in synt'lcra about to midlength. In the latter species
the intermecliatef lagellar segments are from about six to eight times
as long as broacl, with the verticils placed close to the base, and withabunclanterect pale setae that are only a little shorter than the verticils.
In the early account of the species (Diptera Patagonia and South Chile,l: 182; 1929) the structttres of the hypopygium here interpreted as
being interbaseshacl been believeclto be gonapophysesancl thus partof the phallosome.

Cryptolabis(Procryptolabis)nigrita sp. n.
General cokrration of bocly black, sparsely pruinose; legs black;wings strongly clarkened;Sc relatively short, Sr, about opposite micll e n g t h o f R . s , t h e l a t t e r i n c l i r e c t a l i g n m e n tw i t h - R . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u mwith both clististylessimple, aecleagusstraight.

M a I e.
Length,about 3 mm.; wing, 3.3 nlm. Rostrunr
anclpalpi black.Antennaeblack.Headpolishedblack posteriorly,
gray pruinosein front.
Pronotalscuturttbrownishblack, scutellunrobscureyellow.
Mesonotumblack, sparselypruinoselaterally.Pleurablack, very
sparselypruinose,dorsopleuralnrembrane
obscureyellow.Haltereswith stem black, knob pale yellow. Legs black, coxae slightly
pruinose.Wings (Fig. 29) stronglydarkened;veinsdark brown.
No macrotrichia
in wing cells,as in the subgenus.
Venation:Sc
relatively short, Sct about opposite midlength of Rs, Sc,
apparentlylacking;Rs straight,in direct alignrnentwith Rri r-m
at fork of Rs,' m-cu shortly beyondmidlengthof Mz-q.

36g

l r i c h o c e r i c l aaen c l T i p u l i c l a e
A l e x a n r l e r , N e o t r o p i c aT

more intenselyblackAbdomenbrorvnishblack,hypopygiunr(Fig. 3l) with proximalpart of basistyle,ened.Malehypopygiumb, with very f ew setae,outer lobe graduallynarrowedto tlte
apcx
d, simple,outerstyleblackened,obtusetip. Both dististyles,
innerstylesetaecoarseand conspicuous;
notched,microscopically
Phalloa pale ciub, ip.* obtuse,setaesmall and inconspicuous.
straight,relativelylon$, as figured'some,p, with aedeagus
Habitat: Chile.
H o l o t y p e ,6 , F d o E l R o b l e ,N i b l i n t oR i v e r , 3 5 k m e a s t o f
1968
Coihueco, Nuble, altitude 650 nteters, JanuarY l8-20,( Pefra).
(P!o'other regional membersof the subgenusinclude Cryptolabis
Alexander,
Alexanderancl'c. (P.)- barilochensis
cryptolabis)argentinensis
sp'of'Argentina a"ndthe Chileanborder, ancl C. (P') pedanophallus. l''fly in 9odyof coastal Chile. These differ eviclentlyf rom the present
structure'The members-win[coloration,venation,and especiallyin hip,pygial
1ells, evidentlya weak anclof the subgenustact<the tiictria in the
structures
insufficientcharacter in the light of the diverse hypopygial
found in the clifferent sPecies.

Cryptolabis (Procryptolabis)pedanophallussp. n.
Generalcolorationof mesonotumreddishbrown patternedwith yelltrw;
antennaedark brow, scape yelloweclbeneath;knobs of halteresbrown;
wings weakly tintecl,anterior third slightly more whitened; male hypopygi-umwitli apex of basistyle constrictedto form an obtuse lobe;
Oististyte long, terminating in a slender darkened beak; phallosome
terminating in two incurved blackenedspines:
compact, shieicl-shapecl,
aedeagusshort, straight.

Length, about 3.5 mm.; wing, 4.5 lllm. Rostruttt
M a I e.
yellow, palpi with basal segmentyellow, remainderdark brorvn.
Antennaedark brown, scapeyellowedbeneath;flagellarsegments
oval, crowded. Head yellow, center of vertex weakly infuscated.
Pronotunrand pretergiteslight yellow. Mesonotalpraescutum
and scutumreddishbrown, humeraland lateral bordersyellowed,
scutellumyellow, postnotuntbrown, lnore f erruginouslaterally,
the interpostnotalsuture yellowed. Pleura light brown, dorsal
broadly yellow, dorsopleuralntembranelight yellow.
sternopleurite
Halteres with stem light brown, base yellowed, knob brown'Legs with coxae and trochanterstestaceousyellow; fentora andtibiae yellowed, the latter with tips weakly darkened; basitarsi
yellowed, outer segments dark brown. Wings weakly tinted,
anteriorthird slightly more whitened;veins light brown, yellowed
in prearcular field. Venation: Sc' ending opposite f-ffi, Sc,

StucliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro 1969

369

'F
w

,ff

))

35

Fig. 29. Cryptolabis ( Procryptolabis) nigrita sp. n. ; venation. - Fig. 30. Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis) clausula sp. n. ; venation.
Fig. 31. Cryptolabis (Procryptolabis)
nigrita sp. n.; male hypopygium. - Fig. 32. Cryptolabis (Prouyptolabis) pcdanophallus
Fig. 33. Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) chiriquiana sp. n.;
sp. n.; male hypopygium.
male hypopygium.
Fig. 34. Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) clausula sP, n.; malehypopygiusl. - Fig. 35. Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) pallidivena sp. n.; male hypopygium.
- Fig.-1t6. Cryptolabis (Cry-ptolabis)uniformis sp. n.; male hypopygium. - (Symbols:
a , a e d e a g u s ;D , b a s i s t y l e ; d , d i s t i s t y l e ; g , g o n a p o p h y s i s ;P , p h a l l o s o m e ; s , s t e r n i t e ;t, tergite).

21

370

A le x a n rl e r, NeotropicalTricltocericlaeancl Tipulidae

retracted,
Sc1 aboutone-haltlongerthan r-m; Rs relativelylong,r-m shortly before its tork; m-cu near nridlengthof M t-qi cell
2nd A relativelynarrow, especiallyoutwardly.
Abdomenbrown.Male hypopygiunr(Fig. 32) with apex ofbasistyle,b, constrictedto form an obtuse lobe. Dististyle,d,terntinatingin a slender
long, constrictedat near nricllength,
endinginp, compact,shield-shaped,
cfarkenedbeak.Phallosonle,
two incurveclblackenedspines,tips acute; aedeagusunusuallywrinkled.
short,straight,surtacefinely transversely
Habitat: Chile.
Arauco,altitude1100Nahuelbuta,
Holotype,6 , Pichinahuel,1400 rtteters,January 23-31, I 954 ( Pefra).
is reaclilytgld from all
Cryptotabis(Procryptolahis)pedanop.hallus
regi,rnil'membersof the subgenisby the somewhatpeculiarstructureof the male hyPoPYgium.

Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis) chiriquianasp. n.
Generalcolorationof mesonotumclark brown, the pleura still , darker,
clrlrsopleuralregion and acljoining notal border obscure yellow; knobsof halteres clear light yellcrw; legs brown; wings strongly darkened,
R.s long and sinuous,about three times R,r-s-+, in direct alignmentwith
intluding a strong blackened
R.,; miie hypopygiumwith dististylecomple-xf
spine on margin of bocly of style, aedeagusvery long and stout, withclouble convolutions.

Length, about 4.5 mtll.; wing, 4.8 nlnl. Rostrum
M a I e.
anclpalpi black. Antennaebrownishblack; f lagellarverticilsvery

long. Head dark gray.
almostPronotumbrown,obscureyellowlaterally.Mesonotum
dark brown,polished,pleuraclarkerbrown,the dorsotunifornrly
pleural region and narrow praescutalborder obscureyellow.
Haltereswith stem light brown, yellowed basally, knobs clear
lieht yellow. Legs with coxae and trochantersvery small, yellow;
legs brown, tips of tentrlra and tibiae vaguely darker. Wings
strongly darkened,veins brown. Macrotrichiain outer cells from
R2 to M r, lacking in basesof cells; a sparserow of trichia inouter end of cell /s/ A. Venation: Rs long and sinuous,about
threetimesR2-3-a,in direct longitudinalalignnrentwith R5,;m-clt
close to midlengthof Ms-+.
Abdonren dark brown. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 33) withthe 4ististyk',d, cornplex,incluclinean outer leaflike blade anda larger inner structure that bears a strong blackenedspine.

StucliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, novembro1969

371

surAedeagus,e, very long and stout,with doubleconvolutions,face smooth,without transversewrinkles or corrugations.
Habitat:Panama.
Holotype,6 , El Volcdn,Chiriqui,altitude 4200 feet, April
20, 1954,at light ( Field) .
The presentfly is allieclto speciessuch as Cryptolabis(Cryptolabis)
tongiradialis Alexander and C. (C.) monaconthaAlexantler, differing
evidentlyin hypopygialstructure.

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) clausula sp. n.
General coloration of thorax variegatedclark brown and yellow,
especiallythe pleura; legs yellowishbrown, outer tarsal segmentsdarker;
wings with trichia in all outer cells from R2 to Cu, cell /.sf M2 closed;
male hypopygiumwith eachbasistyleproducddcaudadinto a lonft slenderfingerlikelobe; dististylebifict,provideclwith very long setae; aedeagus
convolrrted,surfacesmooth.

M a I e.
Length,about 3.5-3.6 nlm.; wing, 4-4.2 mm.
F e n ra I e .
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 3 . 6 - 4 m m . ; w i n g , 4 - 4 . 8 m m .
Rostrunrbrownishblack, palpi black. Antennaeblack. Headbrown, front and orbits nlore yellowed.
Pronotumlight yellow, narrowly darkenedmedially.Mesonotal praescutuln
dark brown,hunreralregionlight yellow,lateralbordersmore or less brightened;scutal lobes blackened,medianregion brown; scutellumyellow, parascutella
black and yellow;
nrediotergitedark brown to black, pleurotergitewith anapleurotergite yellow, katapleurotergite
blackened.PIeura conspicuously
variegatedwith brownishblack and light yellow,the latter including the dorsopleuralregion,propleuraand dorsal sternopleurite,
ventral pleuritesunifornrlydarkened.Haltereslight brown. Legs
with coxae brown, trochantersmore yellowed;remainderof legs
yellowishbrown, tips of tibiae and outer tarsal segnrents
darker.
Wings (Fig. 30) weaklytingedwith darker,prearcularand costal
f ie'lds paler, especiallythe f ornter; veins brown. Macrotrichia
in all outer cells fronr RJ to Cu, rnore abundantin cells R,t
to M3 (their positionindicatedin figure by stippling).Venation:
Sct long, endingabout oppositefork of R:r-s; r-m shortlybefore
f ork of Rs, the latter in longitudinalalignmentwith Rs; veins
R,,-,,-+and Rz-s subequal,in oblique alignment;cell 1sf Mz
closed;m-cu far distad,at from two-thirdsto four-fifthsMs-a.
Abdomendark brown, genitaliamore yellowed.Male hypop y g i u m ( F i g . 3 4 ) e n t i r e l yd i s t i n c t i v ea, s s h o w n . N i n t h t e r g i t e ,2{'F3T2Alexancler,NeotropicalTrichoceridaeandTipulidae

with very few palc
convex'slightlybordert, with posterior
Basistyle,b' produced caudad
midline.
ofsideeitheron
setae
lobe, at its base on mesal tacefingerlike
slenderlongaintocolored setae; f ace of lobe
dark
long
of
concentration
with aof abundant very long
longiiudinal
a
rvith
half
on outer-to*Dististyle,d, with a strong
basad.
stigiltty
directedaresetaethatthe arm nearly glabrous'remainder
lateral ann to appear bifid,
lon$' exceedingone-half
very
some
setae,
strongof style withcomplex,about as
phallosomic
structures,P,
style.
the lengt' ofsurface with transconvoluted,g'stout,
very
shown; aedeagUS,
into a long terminal f ilament;
extended
apex
corrugations,verse
g o n a p o p h y s e s , g , a p p e a r i n g a s p a i r e dlongers l e n dstraighte r g e n tblack
lydivergen
intoexiendedptaiesblack spines,their basal
but longer than the posterior
dianreter
equar
nearryofspinesp a i r . W h a t . p p . u , , ^ l o b e a s t e r n a "withl o , g uabundantn , . s ' i s asetaeb r o aall
dlyrearms'
shaped structlie with divergent
directed backward or basad'
Habitat: Chile'
H o l o t y p e , 6 , F d o E l R o b l e , N i b l i n t o R i v1968
e r , 3(Pena)
5 k n r e' a s t o tmeters,Jantrary.18'
coihueco,Nuble, altitude650
condition'
6 e, mostly in poorgParatopotypes,.
.
Allotopotype,types, January 18-20' 1968'the*itt',
slidesonsome mounted
djstinct lrom otherentirelyisclausula.
(cryptokrbi's)
I'sf M'' and;il crnsegcell".*ii"",-.rp..i"iii
in.t_lj
speciesandthe complex
regionat
p'oO'ltti'nasistyres
thein.iutting
structure,
in hypopygral
cryptolabis

phallosomicstructures'

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) pallidivena

sp' n'

thoiax yellow; antennae' halteres
General coloration of head ancl
verv
brownish yellow' veins light yellow''S1ouJ,and legs yettowJ,t;-*ing. pui.
the cord with numerous
cells-b-eyoncl-bidentate,inconspicuousuguinri tfr.
axial blade broader*,iri".rirtirtyr.t
hypopygrum
maretrichia;
shori, nearly straight'
than the lower spine; aecleagus

win$' 4'2-4'8 mnl'
mm';
4-4'5
about
Length,e.
M aI
4'5 mm'Length, about 4'5 mm'; win$'F e nt a I e.

Rostrumyellow,palpislightlydarker.Antennaeyellow.Hea
t i n i f o r m l yl i g h t y e l l o w '. , , , - - - -L
^ .yellowish.^lbrown'
toyellow
dull
uniformly
Mesonotumalmost
rvith ibundant pale yellow setae'
praescutuni
laterally;yellow
lightyellowishwhite'prothorax and pleura yellow. Halteresand legs
inyellow; veins light yellow, very
brownish
pale
very
Wings

Studia Ent., vol. 12, fasc. 7-4, novembro1969373

conspicuous
against the ground. Outer wing cells with trichia
extendingbasad to corcl, Iacking in the nlore proximal cells.
Venation:Rs gently convex,nearlytwice the arcuatedr-m; m-cu
near outer end of Ms-n.
Abdominaltergiteslight brown, sternitesand genitalialightyellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 35) with the dististyle,d, bidentate,the axial blade pointed at tip, broader than the shortlower spine, style before apex with Iong erect spinoid setae,
with other normalbristlesmore basally(subfiguresshow differenta, short,nearlystraightto very gently
aspectsof style). Aedeagus,
sinuousoutwardly.
Habitat: Panama.
Holotype,6, and allotype, 9, mountedon a singlemicroscope slide, El Volcdn, Chiriqui, altitude 42OOf eet, May 22,
numerous6 I , May 81954, at light (Field). Paratopotypes,
30, I 954.
Some other related regional specieshave the hypopygial structure
generallythe same,includingthe bidentatedististyleand short aedeagus,
such species including Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) diversipesAlexander,
C. (C.) luteicostaAlexander,C. (C.) perdistansAlexander,and C. (C.)
uniformis sp. n. All of these cliffer among themselvesin details ofcolorationof bocly and legs, venation,and in hypopygialstructure.The
MexicanC. (C.) luteola Alexanderis more similar in generalcolorationof the body, legs and wings, but has the hypopygialstructuredifferent,
includingthe simple dististyleand longer aedeagus.

Cryptolabis (Cryptotabis) uniformis sp. n.
Generalcolorationof body dark bro'wn; rostrum,palpi and antennae
black; legs uniformly brown; wings almost uniformly light brown, prearcular and costal fields slightly paler, Rs short, cell Rl being roughly
equilateralin outline,m-cu before fork ol Mr_n; male hypopygiumwith
dististylebiclentateat apex, aedeagusshort and straight.

M a le.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 2 . 8 m m . ; w i n g , 4 . 2 m m .
F e m a le.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 3 m m . ; w i n g , 4 . 8 m m .
Rostrum, palpi and antennaeblack. Head dark brownish gray.
Pronotum, pretergitesand lateral praescutalborder lightyellow, remainder of mesonotumespecially anteriorly almost
unifornrly dark grayish brown, praescutalinterspacesslightly
paler, with white setae; scutellumand mediotergitesomewhat
paler brown. Pleura dark brown, dorsopleuralmembraneyellowed. Haltereslight brown.Legswith coxaelight brown,trochantersobscureyellow; remainderof legs uniformly brown, only the374

ancl Tipuliclae
A I e x a n cle r, NeotropicalTricltocericlae

femoralbasesslightly paler. Wings alntostuniforntlylight brown,
prearcularand costal f ields slightly paler; veins light brown.
Trichia in cells beyond cord exceptingRr i nlore sparse trichia
in outer halt of cell R and in outer ends of cells Cu and 1sl A'
Venation: Rs short, slightly convex,subequalto vein Rr, cellRr thus being roughlyequilateralin outline;m-cu at near threef ourths the length of Mt-nAbdomen unitornrly dark brown. Male hypopygiunr ( Fig'd, tcrntinal,relativelybroad,tip unequally36) with the clististyle,bidentate,outer spine relativelyslender,acute.Aedeagus,a, shortand straight,base slightly dilated.
Habitat: Panama.
Holotype, d , El Volcin, Chiriqui, altitude 4200 feet, May
13, 1954, at red light ( Field). Allotopotype,9 , pinned witlt
type.
as in
other regi0nalspecieshaving the male hypopygiumsomewhat
Alexander
the present Tty in.tuOe CryptotiAi.:- (Cryptolabi.s)diversipes
and C. (C.) paltidivenaSp. n., which Aitier eviclentlyin the colorationof the body and legs.

Amphineurus(Rhamphoneurus)chiloeanussp. 11.
yellowed,patterned
Sizevery large (wing of male 8 mm.); mesonotumwith brown, pleura more extensivelyyellowed;wings light yellow, cells
beyondcord and along posteriorborder cloudedwith pale brown; malehypopygiumwith mesal lobe of basistyle a pale rounded plate witlt
abundantdelicatesetulae; phalkrsomea powerful blackenedrod, outerend bent at a right angle into a long sinurtusspine, with two small
straight spikes at near midlength.
M a I e.

Length, about 7 lllt-ll.; wing, 8 nlnl.; antenna,

about 1.7 n1m. Rostrum and palpi black, the f ormer slightly
exceedingone-haltthe remainderof head. Antennaewith scapeand pedicel light yellow, proxinralflagellar segntentsbrownish
yellow, the outer twelve brown, long-subcylindrical;longest
verticils of proxinral five flagellar segnlentsexceedinsthe segnrent,verticilsof relllainingsegntentsprogressivelyshorter.Headgrayish brown.
Pronotal scutum brown in f ront, yellowed on posteriorhalf
or more,sidesbrownishyellow, scutelluttrlight yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumwith ground yellow, humeri clear light yellow, disk
with two virtually confluentcentralstripesand much paler laterals
that continuecaudadto includethe scutallobes,the latter yellowed posteriorly;scutellumbrown, margined with obscureyellov";SttrcliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-'1, novembro1969

J/C

.d
I

\\

\\

rA
lt 1
l ' l

l

I

t

t

l

\ /

\ \ l

\ \
t^\

tz

bI t .

\
\

29
40

/r

a

4I

\
I

I
4z
43

F
'e'fr'r,niiiurii'-'
ie. 37. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) cltiloeanus sP: n-.; venation'ii;i;;;i;'{"f

r++

f ig

:tfl.

..-.-F!e. 39'
iiiii^t,noieir4ii chiloeanussp.. n.: male hvpopvgum.
1o'.-rtIotophitus
Fi.B,ntiio'pnilu.iliipugiatur.sp. n.; niale lrvpopvgium.
-;- _ F i g . . . 4 l . M - o l o p h i l u s. ( I f l o l o t r h i l u s )t t t t i t l o p i i t u s ) c o p e t a t u ss p . n . ; m a l e -h y p o f . y 8 i u n r .
a?,.
Itlolophilug..(Molonhilus) . neanerasta
tiypopygiunr.
hetiscis rp. n. i miii
ii_s.
(Itlg.lgnhilus) pugiunculus sp. tr.;-*.a.t*.
Itlo.lophilusr'"t. trypop_vgiuni..
;;:'-;.;--'-4-3..
(
.
l
l
l
o
t o p h i - l u s ). s. c r o f e s s p . n . ; m a l e
F i g . 4 1 . " .M o t o p h i t u i .
ilale nypopygiutii.
b
a
s
i
s
t
y
l e ;d , d i s t i s t y l e ;p , p h a l l o s o m e ) '
b
,
(
S
y
m
b
o
l
s
i
a
e
t
l
e
a
g
u
s
:
a
,
it'popigiuml

376

Alexander,N e o t r o p i c aTl r i c h o c e r i d aaen c l T i p u l i d a ebrown, yellowedon sides,pleurotergitebrown. Pleurarnediotergite
yellow,vaguelymore darkeneddorsally.Haltereswith stembrown,base broadly light yellow, apex of knob more obscureyellow.
Legs with coxaeand trochantersyellow; femoraand tibiae obscureyellow, appearing darker f rom abundant blackenedsetae; tarsi
brownishblack. Wings (Fig. 37) with the ground light yellow,
outer cells cloudedwith pale brown, more extensivebeyond cord
and in outer cubital and anal cells, before cord virtually allof the yellow ground; stigmal region obscure yellow, darker
at either end; veins brown. Venation: nt-cu oblique, gently tomore stronglysinuous,joining M closeto its outer end; elements
M, Mr-z-e and basal sectionof Mr-z all very short, subequal.
Abdomen yellowish brown to light brown, darker brownlaterally. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 38) with posterior border oftergite,f, more darkened,emarginationbroad and shallow,laterallobes relatively small. Dististyle, d, as f igured; outer style along needlelikerod with a conspicuousinner arm as shown.
Basistyle,b, with mesal lobe appearingas a low pale rounded
plate, provided with abunclantdelicate setulae, not sclerotizedand variously modified as in other speciesof the subgenus,theplatesvirtually alike on the two sides.Phallosome,P, distinctive,
itrapeOas figured, the long apical spine gently sinuous,narrowed
to the acute tip, lateral spikes relatively small.
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype,. 6 , Dalcahue, chiloe Island, April l-4, 1968
( Pefra). Paratopotype,6l', with the type.
The presentfly is the largest regionalmemberof the genus-so far
discoverecl.It is ieadily told f rom itt other species of the subgenus
by the unusually distinct male hypopygium,incluclingthe simple unmodified mesal iobes of the basiityle wtrictr are virtually identical on
the two sicles,and by the somewhatremarkablephallosome'

Molophilus (Molophilus) bipugiatussp. n.
Allied to cervus; generalcolorationof mesonotumbrown, postnotumand pleura darker brownish gray; male hypopygiumwith phallosome
including a basal plate that divides into two long straight spines orarms lying almost parallel to one another,each arm with a small lobe
that terminatesin three small knobs; aedeaguslong and slender,pale,
unmodified.

Length,about 4.5-4.6mm.; wing, 4.9-5 mm.;M a le.
a n t e n n aa
, bout 1.3 mm.

Studia Ent., vol. 12, iasc. l-4, novembro 1969

377

Length,about 4 mm.; wittg, 4 ntm.
F c rn a I e.
Rostrumdark brown, palpi black. Antennaedark brown;
flagellarsegmentsoval,with denseerectwhite setae,the verticils
of proximal segmentsvery long. Head gray.
Pronotalscutumobscureyellow,scutellumlight yellow.Mesonotal praescutumand scutum almost uniform brown, scutellum
more yellowishbrown; postnotumgra!, lateralbordersof mediotergiteobscureyellow.Pleuradark brownishgray. Haltereswith
stenrobscureyellow, knob infuscated.Legs with fore coxaeand
trochantersdark brown, of the other legs obscure yellorv;
remainder of legs uniformly brown. Wings weak brownish
yellow, prearcularand costal fields clearer yellow; veins lightbrown, trichia darker. Venation;Rz slightly distad of level ofr-m; petiole of cell Ms (vein Ms-) about two and one-halftinres m-cu, with vein 2nd A ending about oppositeone-tourtlt
its length.
Abdomendark brown. Male hypopygium ( Fig. 39) withbeak of basistyle,b, subterminal,appearingas a larger oufer
darkened protuberancewith smaller points and setae more
cephalad,outer end of style with a low inner f lange. Outerdististyle,d, curved,narrowedand slightly darkenedoutwardly,
apex divided into two unequal points; basal style a nearlystraight stout darkenedrod, pointed, before tip with a stout
blackenedspine directed laterad. Phallosome,P, distinctive,
includinga paler basal plate that dividesinto two long straightspinesor arms that lie almostparallelto one another,tips acute;on inner margin near base with a small lobe that terminatesin f rom three to f ive small knobs or points; in the holotypeone
arm bears a small slenderspine on outer margin oppositethelobe, lacking in other specimens.Aedeaguslong and slender,
pale,without armatureor modificationsas in relatedspecies.
Habitat: Chile.
Arauco,altitudeI100Holotype,6, Butamalal,Nahuelbuta,
1400 meters,January23-31, 1954 ( Pefra). Allotype, I , Pichinahuel, Nahuelbuta,altitude 100-1400 meters,January 23-31,
1954. Paratopotypes,
6 6 . Paratype,one J , pinned with theallotype.
The most similar species is hlolophilus (Molophilus) cervus Alexander which differs conspicuouslyin the male hypopygium, particularly
the distinctive phallosome.The Argentinian M. (M.') hicaudatusAlexander
has the phallosomesomewhat the same but differs in other hypopygial
characters.

378

A le x a n cle r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeancl Tipuliclae

Molophilus(Molophilus)copelatussp. n.
Alliecl to prctigsus;general coloration of thorax fulvotts brou'n,pleura darker above; head light gray;_halteresclear light yellow; lvinqs
iigtrt yellow, veins riigtrtty Oarter; male hypopygiumwith outer dististyleouter arm denselyprovicledwith short black
short and stout, blackenecl,
setulae,inner siyle a broacl whitened paddle without vestiture; aedeagtts
without armature; phallosomicplate glabrous, broad, posterior bordernarrower, very shallowly emarginate.
M a I e.

; ntenna,
Length, about 3.8 lllm.; win$, 4 ll1l11'aabout 0.9 tllnl. Rostruntand palpi dark brown. Antennaepaler
brown; flagellarsegmentslong-oval,vestiturevery long and erect,
longer.Head light gray'verticilsof proxintalsegrnents
Pronotal scuturn light f ulvous brown, scutellurtrand pretergites clear light yellow. Mesonotalpraescutuntand scutunt
almostunito.'ly tulvousbrown, humeralregionyellowed;scutellum light yellow, postnotuntlight brown' Pleura light brownthe ventralpleuritesand dorsodorsally,darker on anepisternuttr,
witlt
pleural membraneyellow. Halteresclear light yellow. Legs
tips
coxae and trochantersyellow; rentainderof legs yellow,
segof f emora narrowly and vaguelydarkened,outer two tarsal
darkermentsdark brown.wings clear light yellow,veinsslightly
longeryellow,trichiapalebrown.venation:Ms-a aboutone-fourthbasethan the oblique m-cu; vein 2nd A lon$, ending oppositeof Ms-+.
hypoAbdonrenbrown, hypopygium nlore yellowed. Maleof basistyle,b, extendedto apex
pygium"styte.(' Fig. 40) with beakbothOit., clististyle,d, short and stout, blackened,Li
providedarms broad, the outer a long oval blade that is densely
basalwith short black setulae,inner blade broader' scooplike;
Phalstyle a broacl whitenedpaddle, entirely without vestiture.
posteriorborderlosomicplate, p, glabrous,broad, the narrower
blackvery shallowlyernirginate.Aedeagus,Q, without artnature'ened, the Penis tube enclosed'
Habitat: Chile.
Holotype,6 , Pelluhue,Maule,altitude600 rneters,December
2, 1953 (Pefra).
Most nearly relatecl to species such as Molophiltts (Molophihts)
exemptus Alexinder, M. (M.) flavexentptttsAlexancler,and M' (M'')
pretiisusAlexancler,having the same generalstructureof the aedeagus'butdiffering in all other hyopygial characters,including the beak of
the basistyle,bifid outer clisiisiile with its setuliferousouter arm, thebasal style. ancl the phallosomicplate.
entirely giat,rous paclclleshapecl

SttrcliaEnt., vttl. 12, fasc. 1-+, novembro 1969

379

Molophilus(Molophilus) heliscussp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis subgroup; general colorationof mesonotum dull orange, pleura broadly dark brown above; halteresyellow; male hypopygium'with outer lobe of basistylelong and slender;
phallosomic structure a short blackened spike that narrows to a point,
before apex 'with short erect black setae.

Length, about 4.8-5 nlnr.; wing, 5.5-5.8 ntnl.;
M a I e.
antenna,about I .6-1.7 tltm. Rostruttl light brown, palpi black.
Antennaewith scape and pedicel light yellow, f lagellum brown;

long-oval,verticilsof the ntore proximalsegflagellarsegnrents
ments long, approxintatelyone-half longer than the segntent.
Head dark brownish gray.
Pronotal scututtt obscure yellow, dark brown on sides;
scutellumand pretergiteslight yellow. Mesonotumdull orange'
with centralportion brownishblack. Pleura with anrediotergite
very broad dark brown dorsalstripe,ventralscleritesand dorsopleural membraneyellowed.Halteresyellow. Legs with coxae
and trochantersyellow; femora brown, paler basally;tibiae andtarsi brownishyellow, outer tarsal segmentsdark brown. Wings
yellowed,prearcularand costalfields cleareryellow; veinsdarker
yellow.Venation:Rz shortlybeyondlevel of r-m; petioleof cell
Mr slightly longer than the oblique m-cu, vein 2nd A ending
shortly beyondthe latter.
Abdonrendark brown, outer parts of hypopygiumslightly
brightened.Male hypopygiunt( Fig. 4l) with outer lobe ot
basistyle,b, long and slender,narrowedvery graduallyto theobtusetip, vestitureyellow; mesallobe of style low, with dense
short yellow setae.Outer dististyle,d, with apex unequallybifid'
outer arm longer, slender,tip obtuse, inner arm broad, subcircular in outline; inner style subequalin length,appearingas
a slenderspine, curved gently to the acute point. Phallosomic
structure,P, unique,appearingas a short.blackenedspike thatnarrowsto a point, before apex with short erect black setae'
Aedeagusrelativelysmall,slender.
Habitat:Chile.
Holotype, 6 , Dalcahue,Chiloc Island, April l-4, 1968
( Pefra).Paratopotype,6.
The presentfly cliffersfrom other regional speciesby the clistinctive
hypopygium, especially the phallosomic structure. Such other related
species inclucle Molophilus (Molophilus) bellicosus Alexander, M. (M.)
pirioni Alexancler.nI. (M.) richardsi Alexancler,and some others.

380

A I e x a n cle r, NeotropicalTrichoceridaeancl Tipulidae

Molophilus(Molophilus)neanerastasp. n.
Belongsto the ptagiatusgroup; generalcolorationof thorax grayish
brown; antennae of male elongate, approximatelyone-half the wing,
flagellar segmentsstrongly nodulose,with numerous long outspreading
setae; halteres yellow; legs brownish black; wings strongly darkened,prearcularfield yellowed;male hypopygiumwith basal dististylea straightrod terminating in a long acute spine, margin at near two-thirds thelength with a comb of appressedblackenedspines.

Length,about 4.5-5 mm.; u'ins, 4.8-6 mm.;
M a I e.
antenna,about 2.5-2.8mm.
Length,about5.5-6 mm.; wing, 6-6.5 mm.
F e m a I e.
Rostrumdark brown,patpi brownishblack.Antennaebrown,
in male elongate,f lagellar segmentsstrongly nodulose;eachsegmentstronglynarrowedoutwardly,the dilatedpart with verysetae,the longestexceedingthe segment,inlong outspreadingcasesto about one-thirdlonger. Head brownish gray.
Thorax almostuniformly grayishbrown, humeralregion ofyellowed;vestitureof notum long, whitened.Halterespraescutum
obscureyellow;remainder
yellow.Legswith coxaeand trochantersof legs brownishblack, f enroralbasesnarrowly more yellowed.
Wings strongly darkened,prearcularf ield yellowed;veins andtrichia darker brown. Venation:Rz far beyond level of f-ffi,
Rr-s aboutthreetimesRr-r; petioleof cell M3 abouttwicem-cu;
vein 2nd A stronglysinuous
Abdominaltergites reddish brown to dark brown, darker
laterally,sternitespaler; hypopygiumbrownishblack.Male hypoterminating
pygium (Fig. a4 with beakof basistyle,b, blackened,
in a slightly decurvedspine.Basal dististyle,d, a straight rod,
terminatingin a long acutespine,margin at near two-thirdsthe
length with a comb of appressedspines about 15 in number,the outer ones smaller.
Habitat:Panama.
-Holotype,
6 , El Volcdn,Chiriqui,altitude42OOfeet, May
I 5, 1954 ( Field). Allotopotype,I , pinnedwith type. Paratopot y p e s , 6 6 9 , M a y 1 2 - 1 5 ,1 9 5 4 .
Other regional species u'ith the male antennae elongate andconspicuouslynodulosewith outspreadingsetae on the nodes include
Il[olophilus (Molophilu.s)anerasta Alexander, M. (M.) hierigi Alexander
Alexander,all differing among themselves
and M. (M.) subtenebricosu.s
chiefly in hypopygial characters,especiallythe basal dististyle.

StucliaEnt., vol. 12, fasc. l-4, nnvenrbrol969

381

Molophilus(Molophilus)pugiunculussp. n.
Allied to pretiosus,'general coloration of praescutumlight bro'wn,
posteriorscleritesand pleura darker brown; legs brownishyellow, femoral
basesyello'wed;'wingsevenlysuffusedwith light brown; male hypopygiumwith basal dististylea narrow pale blade that tapers into a slenderspine;aedeagusblackened,outer third with several acute blackenedspinules.

M a I e.
Lcngth,about 3.8-4 mm.; wing, 4.3-4.5nlm.;
antenna,about l.l-1.2 nlm. Rostrunrbrown,palpi brownishblack.
Antennaedark brown; f lagellarsegnrents
long-oval,with dense
erectpale setac';verticilsof proxinralsegmentsvery long, morethan two and one half times the segment.Head dark brown.
Pronotalscutumlight brown, scutellumand pretergiteslightyellow. Mesonotalpraescutumlight brown, slightly darker atanterior end, scutum and postnotumdarker brown, scutellunr
slightly paler. Pleura dark brown. Halteres obscurebrownislr
yellow.Legs with coxaeand trochantersobscureyellow; f emora
obscurcyellolvbasally,outerhalf to two-thirdsdarker;renlainderof legs brorvnisltyellow, outer tarsal segmentsslightly darker.
ly suftused with light brown, prearcularand costal
Wings c'vcn
f ields rnore yellorvc'cl;veins and trichia slightly darker brownthan the grouncl.Vcnation: Rz very shortly before level of r-m;
petioleof cell M:t (M.r-+) about twice m-cu; vein 2nd A long.
A b d o m e nd a r k b r o w n . M a l e h y p o p y g i u m( F i g . 4 3 ) w i t houter be'akof basistylc,b, small and weak. Outer dististyle,d,with basalspur relativelyshort; basalstyle distinctive,
appearingas a slender pale blade, outer half narrowed gradually intoa slenclerspinelikeextension,outer two-thirdswith microscopic
pale setae;not darkenedand spinoidas in allied
inconspicuous
plate,p, long-suboval,
species.Phallosonricbroadestat near midlength, apex very obtuse to subtruncate.Aedeagusblackened,outerthird with severalacuteblackened
spinulesthat are directed
outwarclly,not recurvedor truncatedat tips, as in some allies.
H a b i t a t :C h i l c .
Holotype,d, Butamalal,Nahuelbuta,
Arauco,altitudeI100t 400 meters,January23-31, lgs4 ( Pefra). p aratopotypes,
66(Pefra).
The most nearlv relateci species include Motophitu.s (Motophilu.s)
exemptusAlexander,AI. (,4f.) flavexemptusAlexander,and M. (M) srlbexemptusAlexander,all differing among themselveschiefly in hypopygial
characters.The critical structuresin the presentfly are the basat Oisiiliyte
and the aedeagus.

382

A I e x a n d e r , N e o t r o p i c a lT r i c h o c e r i c l aaen d T i p u l i c l a e

Molophilus (Molophilus) sarotessp. n.
Belongs to the plagiatus gr()up; general coklration of body darkbroln, humeral and lateral praescutalborclerspaler; wings faintly tinged
with brownish yellow, unpatterned;male hypopygiumwith basal dististylea gently curved blade, its inner margin with numerousvery long setae,
more cro'wcledand spinoid at the obtuse apex which terminates in ashort point; phallosomeprofounclly clivided.

Length,about 4.2-4.3mm.; wing, 4.5-4.8mm.;
M a I e.
antenna,about | .2-l .3 mm. Rostruntand palpi dark brown.
becoming
Antennaedark brown; flagellarsegmentslong-suboval,
progressivelylonger and nrore slenderoutwardly. Head darkbrown.
Pronoturnbrown, pretergiteslight yellow. Mesonotalpraehumeraland lateralborders
scutumbrown,sparselygray pruinose,slightly paler; posteriorscleritesof notum paler brown, scutalmembranepaler.
lobesdarker. Pleura dark brown, dorsopleural
Haltereswith stem yellowed,clearerbasally,knob brown. Legs
with coxae and trochantersobscureyellow; femora and tibiae
yellowishbrown, tarsi darker, subbasalring of fore tibia stilltlarker.Wings f aintly tinge'dwith brownishyellow,unpatterned;
veinsand trichia light brown. Venation:Rz in nearlytransversealignmentwith r-m; petioleof cell Ms about twice m-cu; vein
2nd A gently sinuous,ending about oppositenridlengthof thepetiole.
Abdomenbrown. Male hypopygium( Fig. 44) with beak ofbasistyle,b, slender.Outer dististyle,d, with branchesvery
gnequal,the innerarnl slencler,outerbladebroad,with nlicroscopic
spinules.Basal dististylea gently curved blade, apex obtuse,innermarginwith numerouslong delicatesetoidspines,the series
totaling more than 50 elentents,the nlore basal ones erect'
anclcrowded,at apex with a shortouter spinesmore appressecl
strong point, back from apex style with a linear row of shortp, profouncllytlivided,with a short glabrousspine-.Phallosome,base,on eithersiclewith an elongatepale setiferouslobe'
Habitat: Panama.
Holotype,6 , El Volcin, Chiriqui,altitude 4200 feet, May
20-22, 1954,at red light (Field). Paratopotypes,
6 €.
f r o m o t h e r g e n e r a l l ys i m i l a r r e g i o n a l
T h e p r e s e n tf l y i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d, s p e c i e sb y h y p o p y g i a l s t r u c t u r e ,e s p e c i a l l yt h e b a s a l d i s t i s t y l e .