Current status of disaster prevention and control in Vietnam,challenges and opportunities

TA NGOC TAN
Vietnam Disaster Management Authority

NATURAL DISASTER IN VIETNAMContext• Vietnam is one of the countries most affected by natural disasters andclimate change impacts (up to 22/23 types of natural disasters occurred,except for tsunami). Particularly, storms, floods, flash floods, landslides
and droughts are increasing in both intensity and frequency.
• Huge losses to human life and the economy: In the last 20 years, naturaldisasters have caused the deaths and missing of 10,800 people and anannual average loss of 1 ÷ 1.5% of GDP.

2

NATURAL DISASTER
CHALLENGESIN VIETNAM
NATURAL
DISASTER
IN VIETNAM

Typhoons, tropical low pressures, floods, flash floods, landslides, droughts, saline intrusion are
typical natural disasters in Vietnam, causing enormous losses to life and property.
Damages by types of disasters
Deaths and missing

Disaster related damage costs

OthersFlashflood,
landslide

Typhoon35.4%Flood

NOTE:Droughts during 2015-2016 caused big economic losses to the Central Highlands
and Mekong Delta. Damages are estimated at 38% of total disaster related
damages during the period.
- 3-

NATURAL DISASTER IN VIETNAM

Flooding in low land area

Land slideFlash flood in mountain area

Coastal erosion

Drought

Frost

NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM

NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM
Legislative document system is developed synchronously as the basis of the implementation of the natural
disaster prevention and control nationwide

Law on Natural Disaster
Prevention and Control

Law on Hydro - meteorology

Law on Water Resources

Law on Irrigation

Law on Dyke

NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM
VIETNAM DISASTER MONITORING SYSTEM
 408 irrigation reservoirs (> 01 milliom m3)
 241 Hydropowers
 07 Meteorology radar stations; 51 Multi-disaster warning stations
 193 Meteorology stations
 02 Tsunami warning systems; 51 information andwarning stations.
 454 hydrology stations; 23 oceanographic stations
 2.166 Rainfall stations
 269 Water level stations
 414 Temperature stations
 45 International monitoring stations: 05 rainfall,water level, discharge stations (Red river basin), 40
water level stations (Mekong river basin)
 414 Wind stations
 133 Monitoring camera of reservoir, dyke systems
 71 Ship shelters (Capacity 46.212 ships).
 Fishing vessel monitoring system: 28.067 vessels
 Population and housing data of 11.000 communes.

CHALLENGES
1. Climate change continues to be a big challenge; extreme and unusual disasters are occurring at higher
frequency and intensity over space and time and against to natural laws.
Hochiminh CityMekong River Delta

Flooding
Flooding risks
risks asas
Sea
Level
Rise
Sea Level RiseRed River Delta

The worse scenario, SLR 100 cm:
The worse scenario, SLR 100 cm:•• RedRed RiverRiver Delta:
Delta: 13%
13%•• Mekong
Mekong River
River Delta:
Delta: 47%
47%
•• Ho
Ho ChiChi Minh
Minh City:
City: 17%
17%

CHALLENGES
Extreme rains (locally andresulting in large rainfall);strongstorms,super
typhoons, flash floods andlandslides occur more
frequently;
disasters
happen throughout theyear and in all parts of thecountry

Hoa Binh reservoir opened 8gates in 2017

Flashflood in Dien Bien 2020

Hail in the northern VN 2020

Extreme rainfall in Da Nang 2022
795mm/16h

Flashflood in Nghe An 2022

Typhoon Molave 2020 (level 14)

Coastal eroision in Mekong delta

Riverbank eroision in Mekong delta

Saltwater intrusion in Mekong delta

CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES

2. Impacts of socio-economic developments• Population size and rapid growing economy
are putting more pressure on the need toensure safety before natural disasters.
• Socio-economic planning have not yet
integrated natural disaster prevention andcontrol activities.
• Increased natural disaster risks• New disasters occur to less disaster prone
areas• More severe disaster impacts, causing largerdamages.
• Natural disaster prevention and control tasks
are increased throughout the country.

2000000.0

Di cư đếnDi cư đi

1635000.0

1500000.0
1000000.0
500000.0.0

110000.0

70000.0166000.0125000.0125000.0

Tây NguyênĐông Nam Bộ

734000.0775000.0
Bắc TB và DHmiền Trung

91000.0271000.0331000.0500000.0

1000000.0

289000.0Đồng bằngsông HồngĐồng bằngTrung du vàsông Cửu Long MN phía Bắc10

CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES

3. Upstream water use is causing sediment depletion, lowered river bed, river bank and coastal
erosion...
CHINA• Hydropower (6/8reservoirs)•LAOChuyển
PDRnước

• Hydropower (2/9 reservoirs)• Irrigation/agriculture

THAILAND• Water diversion• Hydropower
CAMBODIA• Embankment• Hydropower (0/2reservoirs)
TimeNational

CPC

Total
capacity
exploited(mil m3)

29.4

Thailand6.5

Laos

Vietnam

Total

2.4

10.9

49.2

Sand mining 2018

After 2012
Completingthe plan

Sediment(million tons)

4215Reduction compared to 2012
(73 million tons)(WWF)
SOUTHERN WR
PLANNING
INSTITUTE
42%
80%>90%CHALLENGES
COOPERATIONOPPORTUNNITES

Non - contruction

Contruction• Research related to finance in disaster prevention (Disasterrisk insurance, Disaster prevention fund, financial support
mechanism in disaster prevention,...)• Capacity building for people working in disaster prevention
and raising public awareness.
• Apply and transfer technologies related to disaster monitoring,post-disaster damage assessment• Cooperation in developing disaster response plan in all level• Construction solutions to prevent flash floods and landslides• Research on nature-based solutions to prevent riverbank andcoastal erosion• Solutions to restore the mangrove system

CHALLENGES
COOPERATIONOPPORTUNNITESEFFECTIVE WAYS
ODA Projects

Pilot Projects

VNDMA + MLIT EXPERT

Cooperation withVN partners