CONTENTS
1．Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)
Chairperson’s Summary of the Fourth Meeting of ･････････････････････････ 1
the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
Program of the Fourth Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia ･････････････ 4
List of the Participants in the Fourth Forum for Nuclear
Cooperation in Asia ････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 10
1-1 Opening Session
1-1-1 Opening Address by Minister of State for Science andTechnology Policy ････････････････････････････････････････････ 14
1-1-2 Welcome Remarks by Governor of Okinawa Prefecture･････････････ 16
1-2 Session 1<Round Table Discussion>
1-2-1 Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact of ･･･････････････････････ 18
Nuclear Technology Application
1-2-2 Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy ････････････････････ 20
1-3 Session 2
1-3-1 Report of the 4th FNCA Senior Officials Meeting ･･･････････････････ 23
1-4 Session 3<Country Report>
1-4-1 Viet Nam ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 40
1-4-2 Thailand ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 47
1-4-3 The Philippines ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 55
1-4-4 Malaysia･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 59
1-4-5 Korea ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 63
1-4-6 Japan ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 67
1-4-7 Indonesia ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 70
1-4-8 China ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 75
1-4-9 Australia ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 79

2．Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
FNCA Management Scheme in Japan ･････････････････････････････････････ 85
Strategy for Human Resources Development ･･･････････････････････････････ 88
Human Resources Development Strategy for ･･･････････････････････････････ 92
Nuclear Science, Technology and Applications in Japan
Enhancement of Socio-economic Impact of Radiation and
Isotope Application ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 95

1. Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)Chairperson's Summary

Chairperson’s Summary of the Fourth Meeting of
The Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia

1.

The Fourth Meeting of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA) was
held in Nago City, Okinawa, Japan on December 2 and 3, 2003 under the basic
theme “ Nuclear Energy for the Future of Mankind and the Globe” with theparticipation of Ministers and Senior Officials, responsible for the peaceful nuclear
research, development and utilization from nine Asian countries, i.e., Australia, thePeople’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, thePhilippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. The meeting arranged technical tour to thefruit fly eradication facility and the seawater desalination plant, etc. on December 4.
The Fourth FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting began with the opening address by
H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu Motegi, Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy,
followed by the welcome remarks by Mr. Hirotaka Makino, Vice-Governor of
Okinawa Prefecture. Prof. Youichi Fuji-ie, Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission(AEC) of Japan chaired the Meeting.

2.

At the Round Table Discussion, the representatives of the FNCA countries
expressed their views and made comments on two topics, namely: “ Enhancement of
Socio-Economic Impact of Radiation and Radioisotope Application” and “ Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy”.
(1) For discussion of the first topic, H.E. Dr. Estrella Alabastro, Secretary of
Science and Technology (DOST) of the Philippines, took the role of moderator,and H.E. Dato’ Seri Law Hieng Ding, Minister of Science, Technology andEnvironment (MOSTE) of Malaysia, as the leadoff speaker, introduced theimportant role of nuclear technology in improving the quality of life of people. The
presentations, discussion and suggestions are summarized as follows:a. There was a general agreement among participants on the importance of
applications of radiation, radioisotopes and nuclear technology in the fields ofhealth, agriculture, industry and preservation of the environment, including
water and air quality.
b. It was emphasized that the linkage between research and development
institutions and end users is important. Research and development institutions
and relevant organizations should be business friendly.
c. To improve the linkage, FNCA has instituted open seminars. The FNCA
4th FNCA Summary Report1Chairperson's Summary
member countries are encouraged to make plans for open seminars inconjunction with project workshops and meetings.
d. For the effective application of radiation and nuclear technology, information
to the public is vitally important. Nuclear research institutes have an
important role in information dissemination.
e. Harmonization of project activities between FNCA and RCA (IAEA) wasstrongly recommended.
(2) During the second half of the Round Table Discussion, Mr. Tetsuya Endo, ViceChairman of Atomic Energy Commission of Japan, was the moderator as well as
the leadoff speaker. He drew attention to the essential role of nuclear energy tomodern society, especially in the fields of power and radiation use.
The discussion and conclusion are summarized as:a. It is expected that demand for energy and electricity will increase in the FNCA
countries due to economic and population growth. In order to meet theincreasing demand for energy, nuclear energy is a feasible option in mostcountries of the FNCA.
b. In this connection, it is noted that linkage between sustainable development
and nuclear energy exists in those countries, and nuclear energy should not be
excluded from CDM in the second commitment period starting from 2013.
c. The proposal to create a new panel on “Role of Nuclear Energy for Sustainable
Development in Asia” was endorsed, and it is hoped that the report can besubmitted promptly.
d. The relationship between sustainable development and applications ofradiation, radioisotopes and nuclear technology was confirmed.
3. Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu, Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policyof the Cabinet Office of Japan reported on the progress of FNCA activities and thesummary of the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) that was held the previous day.
The delegates expressed their appreciation for the tangible progress of activities, andendorsed the future plan. The SOM Summary Report was duly adopted at the
Ministerial Level Meeting.
Following the suggestion at the Third FNCA Meeting in Seoul, high level
discussion on the “Human Resources Development (HRD) Strategy for Nuclear
Science, Technology and Applications” took place at the SOM, and a summary wasreported by Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan.
4. In Session 3, the country reports on “Nuclear Research and Development Policy of
the Country and FNCA Activities” were presented by delegates. The first part waschaired by Prof. Fuji-ie of Japan, and the latter part was chaired by H.E. Mr. Hoang
Van Huay, Vice-Minister of Science and Technology (MOST) of Viet Nam.
4th FNCA Summary Report2Chairperson's Summary
The reports covered various endeavors of peaceful nuclear programs in eachcountry including the latest progress of nuclear research and development, together
with recent policy developments. After reviewing FNCA activities in the previous
years, the participating countries expressed appreciation for the tangible progress ofactivities, and paid attention to the future cooperation within the FNCA framework.
All delegates reiterated the importance of cooperation among the FNCA countries
following the FNCA’s goals set by the member countries for the benefits of a better
life in a more comfortable environment.
5.

In concluding the Session, Prof. Fuji-ie of Japan introduced the chairperson’ssummary, including the venue of the Seventh FNCA Meeting in 2006. The
representative of Viet Nam proposed that the 5th FNCA Meeting be held in autumn
2004 in Viet Nam.

4th FNCA Summary Report3Program

Program of the Fourth Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
(4th FNCA Meeting)Date: December 2-3, 2003
Place: Summit Hall of Bankoku Shinryokan, Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Sponsored by: Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
Supported by: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT),and Okinawa Prefecture
In Cooperation with: Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (JAIF)
Basic Theme: “Nuclear Energy for Future of Mankind and the Globe”
Working Language:
English* Simultaneous interpretation of Japanese-English is also made.
Monday, December 1
Arrival of Delegations
Tuesday, December 2
Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
8:30 - 9:00
Registration
9:00 - 9:15

Opening- Opening Address
Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office- Self-Introduction of the Participants

Moderator for Morning Sessions:
Dr. In-Soon Chang
President, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
9:15 - 9:45

Item 1:
Report on the Fourth FNCA Coordinators Meeting (CM) and Progressof FNCA Activities- Reporter: Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan- Q&A
4th FNCA Summary Report4Program
9:45 - 10:30

Item 2: Management and Operation of FNCA Activities
a. New Activities:- Nuclear Medicine:
Representative of Malaysia
Q&A- Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy:
Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Q&A
b. The Others including Venue of the Seventh FNCA Meeting

10:30 - 12:30 Item 3: Special Session:
High Level Discussion on Human Resources Development (HRD)
Strategy for Nuclear Science, Technology and Applications- Lead-off Speaker: Dr.Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan- Discussion
12:30 - 13:45 Lunch< at Café-terrace >Moderator for Afternoon Sessions:
Prof. Vuong Huu Tan, Chairman, Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)
13:45 - 16:00 Item 4: Preliminary Talks on Round Table Discussion of
Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)13:45-14:45 (1) Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact of Radiation and Radioisotope

Application- Lead-off Speaker: Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan- Viewpoint of Each Country
14:45-15:00< Break >15:00 -16:00 (2) Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy- Lead-off Speaker: Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science
Technology Policy, Cabinet Office- Viewpoint of Each Country

and16:00 -16:30 < Break >4th FNCA Summary Report5Program
16:30 -17:15 Item 5: Adoption of Summary Report- Drafter of the Summary Report:
Japan with help of Two Moderators of Dr. Chang and Prof.Tan- Adoption of the Summary Report- Closing Address
Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet OfficeWelcome Reception and Dinner hosted by H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu Motegi
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy
18:30-20:30< Welcome Reception: at Ocean Hall>with Attraction of Traditional Entertainment
19:10< Dinner for Head Delegates: at Café Terrace>

Wednesday, December 3
9:00 - 9:40
Registration

Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)

Chairman of the Meeting: Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
9:40 - 10:00

Opening Session- Opening Address
H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu Motegi
Minster of State for Science and Technology Policy- Welcome Remarks
H.E. Mr. Keiichi Inamine
Governor of Okinawa Prefecture<Taking Commemorative Photo>

10:00 - 10:10< Break >10:10 -12:40 Session 1: Round Table Discussion
10:10 –11:20 Topic 1：Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact of Radiation andRadioisotope Application

4th FNCA Summary Report6Program
Moderator:
H.E. Dr. Estrella F. Alabastro
Secretary, Department of Science and Technology (DOST)The Philippines
Lead-off Speaker:
H.E. Dato’ Seri Law Hieng Ding
Minister of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE) Malaysia
Discussion
Summing-up
11:20-11:30< Break >11:30-12:40

Topic 2：Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy
Moderator and Lead-off Speaker:
Mr. Tetsuya Endo
Vice Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
Discussion
Summing-up

12:40-13:40 Buffet Lunch hosted by Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japanat Ocean Hall
13:40-14:10

Session 2:
Progress of FNCA Activities and the Report from the Senior Officials
Meeting (SOM)
13:40-14:00
Progress of FNCA Activities and the Report from the Senior Officials
Meeting (SOM)
Reporter: Mr. Soichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy,
Cabinet Office
Q&A
14:00-14:10

Report of High Level Discussion on Human Resources Development(HRD) Strategy
Reporter: Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Q&A

14:10-14:30< Break >4th FNCA Summary Report7

Program
14:30-16:30

Session 3: Country Report Presentation
Theme：Nuclear Research and Development Policy of the Country and
FNCA Activities（10 minutes per each country x 9 countries + Q&A time）
14:30-15:30＜Viet Nam, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia and Korea＞
Chair: Prof.Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
14:30-14:40 Viet Nam
H.E. Mr. Hoang Van Huay
Vice Minister, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
14:40-14:50 Thailand
Mr. Pathom Yamkate
Secretary General, Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
14:50-15:00 The Philippines
H.E. Dr. Estrella F. Alabastro
Secretary, Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
15:00-15:10 Malaysia
H.E. Dato’ Seri Law Hieng Ding
Minister, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE)
15:10-15:20 Korea
H.E. Dr. Ho-Koon Park
Minister, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
15:20-15:30
Q&A on the five country reports

15:30-15:40< Break >＜Japan, Indonesia, China, and Australia＞
Chair: H.E. Mr. Hoang Van Huay
Vice-Minister, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of VietNam
15:40-15:50 Japan
Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
15:50-16:00 Indonesia
Dr. Ashwin Sasongko
Secretary, Ministry of Research and Technology
16:00-16:10 China
H.E. Mr. Zhang Huazhu
Chairman, China Nuclear Energy Authority (CAEA)

15:40-16:30

4th FNCA Summary Report8Program
16:10-16:20

16:20-16:30

Australia
Dr. Ronald Francis Cameron
Acting Executive Director
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO)
Q&A on the four country reports

16:30-16:40 < Break >16:40-17:10 Wrap-up Session- Chairperson’s Summary
Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie, Chairman of the 4th FNCA Meeting- Announcement of the 5th FNCA Meeting
Representative of Viet Nam- Closing Remarks
Prof.Yoichi Fuji-ie
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of Japan
17:20-17:50 Press Conference
at Sunset Lounge
Thursday, December 4
a. Option A: Technical Visits<Model Course>
9:00
Lv. Busena Terrace Hotel
10:00-11:30 Seawater Desalination Plant
12:30-13:20 Lunch
13:30-15:00 Shuri-jo Castle
15:10-16:30 Fruit Fly Eradication Facility
Stay at Okinawa Miyako Hotel in Naha City
b. Option B: Leave Okinawa

4th FNCA Summary Report9List of the Participants

List of the Participants in the Fourth Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
* FNCA Coordinator
Australia
Dr. Ronald Francis Cameron*

China
H.E. Mr. Zhang Huazhu

Acting Executive Director
Australian Nuclear Science
Organisation (ANSTO)

andTechnology

ChairmanChina Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)Mr. Zhang Jing

Director General
Department of International Cooperation
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

Mr. Li Xiang*

Deputy Director
Division of nuclear affairs and internationalorganizations,
Department of International Cooperation
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

Mr. Lu Xiaoming

Secretary of Chairman
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

Ms. Zhang Shaoping

Interpreter
China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

Indonesia
Dr. Ashwin Sasongko

Secretary
Ministry of Research and Technology

Dr. Soedyartomo Soentono

ChairmanNational Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Dr. Hudi Hastowo*

Deputy Chairman
Development of Nuclear Technology and Energy
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

4th FNCA Summary Report10List of the Participants

Japan
H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu MOTEGIMinister of State for Science and Technology Policy

Mr. Yoichi FUJI-IE

ChairmanAtomic Energy Commission (AEC)

Mr. Tetsuya ENDO

Vice-Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

Ms. Noriko KIMOTO

Commissioner
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

Mr. Tetsuo TAKEUCHI

Commissioner
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)

Dr. Sueo MACHI*

Senior Managing Director
Asia Cooperation Center
Japan Atomic Industrial Forum INC. (JAIF)

Mr. Soichi NAGAMATSU

Deputy Director General for Science and Technology
PolicyCabinet Office (CAO)

Mr. Nobuo FUJISHIMA

Director for Atomic Energy
Cabinet Office (CAO)

Mr. Masanori SHINANO

Director for International Nuclear Cooperation
Atomic Energy Division, Research and Development
BureauMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology(MEXT)

Mr. Keiichi INAMINE

Governor of Okinawa Prefecture

Mr. Hirotaka MAKINO

Vice Governor of Okinawa Prefecture

Korea
H.E.Dr. Ho-Koon Park

Dr. Chung-Won Cho

Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Director General
Atomic Energy Bureau
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
4th FNCA Summary Report11List of the Participants
Dr. Jong-Bae Choi

Director
Atomic Energy International Cooperation Division,
Atomic Energy Bureau
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Mr. Guk-Hee Yoo

Deputy Director
Atomic Energy International Cooperation Division,
Atomic Energy Bureau
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Mr. Sung-Soo Kim

Secretary
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Dr. In-Soon Chang

President
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)

Dr. Dae-Joong Kim

President & CEO
Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd.

Dr. Kyong-Won Han

Director
Nuclear Training Center
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)

Mr. Tae-Woo Kim

Senior Vice President
Nuclear Power Plant Business Group
Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd.

Dr. Byung-Joo Min

Principal Researcher
Integrated Safety Assessment Division
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)

Dr. Kyoung-Pyo Kim

Principal Researcher
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)

Malaysia
The Honourable Dato'
Law Hieng Ding
Dato' Dr. Ahmad Sobri
Bin Haji Hashim

Minister of Science, Technology and the Environment

Director General
Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research(MINT)

4th FNCA Summary Report12List of the Participants
Dr. Daud Bin Mohamad

Deputy Director General
Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research(MINT)

Mr. Jini Watt

Principal Private Secretary
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment

The Philippines
Honorable Dr. Estrella Fagela
Alabastro

Minister
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Dr. Alumanda Molina Dela Rosa*

Director
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

Dr. Corazon Bernido

Head of Nuclear Training Unit
Nuclear Services and Training Division
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)

Thailand
Mr. Pathom Yamkate*

Ms. Jindarom Chvajarernpun

Viet Nam
H.E. Mr. Hoang Van Huay

Secretary-General
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)
Senior Nuclear Chemist
Bureau of Atomic Energy Administration
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)

Vice-Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Prof. Vuong Huu Tan*

Chairman
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)

Mr. Le Doan Phac

Deputy Director
Department of international Relations and Planning
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC)

4th FNCA Summary Report13Opening Session

1-1 OPENING SESSION
1-1-1 Opening addressby
H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu Motegi
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy

Introduction
Thank you for your introduction. I would like to take this opportunity to make a few
remarks to mark the beginning of this fourth ministerial level meeting of the Forum for
Nuclear Cooperation in Asia.
First, I would like to begin by offering my heartfelt thanks to everyone from Australia,
China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam for yourparticipation.
Current meeting
Nuclear energy is important to the progress of medicine through the use ofirradiation technologies, to the development of farming and other industries, and as ameans of contributing to stable supplies of the electrical power needed for future
economic development. The theme of the forum this year is “Nuclear Energy for
Future of Mankind and the Globe.”
Established with the objective of promoting the smooth development and use of
nuclear energy in Asia, the FNCA serves as a forum for the exchange of ideas andcooperation in technological development, and its work has been particularly
meaningful in this regard.
This current meeting has been scheduled to serve as a forum for the frank discussionof issues related to the two main themes of this meeting between those responsible fornuclear energy policies in their respective nations: “Enhancement of the Socio-economic
Impact of Nuclear Technology Applications” and “Sustainable Development andNuclear Energy.”
The use of nuclear energy technologies
Nuclear energy technologies have been put to use in a wide variety of fields, and it isexpected that these technologies will open up new worlds of possibilities in terms ofprogress in medical technologies and improvements in the quality of industrial
products. I believe that the increased use of isotopes and irradiation technologies which
4th FNCA Summary Report14Opening Session
is one of the main themes of this meeting is particularly important as something
capable of having a major economic impact and bringing prosperity to our people.
For example, here in Okinawa, in dealing with the damage cause by melon flies on
mangoes, goyas, and other melon crops, we have been successful in eradicating melon
flies by irradiating pupae with gamma rays to render them sterile. This has made it
possible for people throughout Japan to enjoy Okinawa’s fruits.
I believe that the work being performed by the FNCA is extremely important as ameans of putting nuclear technology to work in agriculture and other industries.
The development and use of nuclear energy and sustainable development
Nuclear energy is also important in the field of power use as well. In October of thisyear, “The Basic Plan for Energy Supply and Demand,” was approved by the cabinet ofJapan. In Japan, which is not blessed with oil, coal, or other domestic energy
resources, the expectations for the generation of electrical power through nuclear
energy are great, and “The Basic Plan for Energy Supply and Demand” identifies
nuclear energy as a key power source on the basic assumption that safety can beensured, and we intend to continue to work to establish nuclear fuel cycle which makes
efficient use of nuclear power.
While sustainable development is an issue common to all nations in internationalsociety in the twenty-first century, I believe that there are many approaches which may
be taken to ensure such development which vary depending on national conditions andenergy conditions in each country. I would like to see this meeting serve as a forum inwhich we may exchange views with everyone here concerning the role nuclear power
has to play in the energy sources and issues related to its use. I also firmly hope that
this meeting will serve as a starting point leading to sustainable development in Asia.
Conclusion
Okinawa, where this meeting of the FNCA is now being held, is steadily continuing todevelop as a center of international exchange in the Asian and Pacific regions, andplans call for the founding of an Institute of Science and Technology here in Okinawa
which will serve as a model for universities in the twenty-first century. The opportunity
to greet all of you here will serve as a great encouragement to us in the future.
Finally, I would like to express my sincerest wishes that in addition to this meeting
serving as a forum for lively and active discussion, the cooperative efforts which comeout of this meeting help contribute to the development of nuclear energy in all of theparticipating nations and bring prosperity to the citizens of all our nations.
Thank you.

4th FNCA Summary Report15

Opening Session
1-1-2 Welcome Remarks
byMr. Keiichi Inamine
Governor of Okinawa PrefectureYour excellency Toshimitsu Motegi, Minister of State in charge of Japan’s Scienceand Technology Policy, Yoichi Fujiie, Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission,
distinguished delegations from Australia, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, thePhilippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, I would like to express a heartfelt greeting to all of
you for traveling such long distances to be here today. Welcome to Okinawa !
On the occasion of this opening ceremony of the 4th Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in
Asia・Ministerial-Level-Meeting, on behalf of the citizens of Okinawa Prefecture, I
would like to say few words.
Since serving as the venue for the Year 2000 G-8 Summit Kyushu-Okinawa
Conference of Heads of State, Okinawa has worked closely with the national
government of Japan to draw international conferences and events to our islands.
The Ministerial Level Meeting, is within the framework of cooperation in peacefuluses of nuclear energy in the Asian region, and we are particularly gratified that yourconference is convening here. I would like to take this opportunity to express our deep
appreciation to all the people who worked to make the Okinawa venue possible.
Within the development of the Asian region where nuclear energy plays an importantrole, the nine Asian countries participating in the forum today, are conducting many
projects within eight fields including utilization of research reactors, radiation toagriculture, radiation for medical use, public information of nuclear energy and humanresources development and new projects. These areas of study are greatly significant
to the cooperation of the regions represented here today.
Through the technical tour many of you will be able to see how, due to the outbreak ofpestilent fruit flies that live on gourds, water melon, and other fruits and vegetables,
Okinawa Prefecture decided to draw up a plan to eradicate the fruit flies by using theradiation method of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). By using this method, we wereable to successfully eradicate all the fruit flies from the prefecture by 1993.
Due to the successful eradication, we were able to ship subtropical regional special
4th FNCA Summary Report16

Opening Session
products, such as gourds, vegetables and tropical fruits, to the mainland central market
and by utilizing our special characteristic subtropical climate, we are developing
agricultural products. Since Okinawa is known as an island of longevity throughout
Japan, Goya (bitter melon) is one ingredient that people of Okinawa use habitually.
Okinawa Prefecture together with the cooperation of the International Atomic
Energy Agency, are aiding in technology support to various countries by using theSterile Insect Technique (SIT) for the control of insect pests.
I think holding this international forum here, in Okinawa, has great significance.
Also, I truly hope and have the expectation that through this international forum, allparticipants will devote themselves to research and to having lively and meaningful
discussions for the further promotion of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and achieve
great results from this.
I hope you will take this opportunity to learn more about Okinawa’s unique history
and culture since Okinawa Prefecture, the only of Japan’s Prefectures to be located in a
subtropical climate with a rich natural environment, conducted trade and exchangewith China and Southeast Asian countries to develop highly traditional arts and aunique culture of its own.
In closing, I would like to offer my sincere prayers for the great success of this forum,
your health and many accomplishments in your future endeavors. Thank you verymuch.

4th FNCA Summary Report17

Round Table Discussion

1-2 SESSION 1
1-2-1 Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact of Nuclear Technology
Application(Lead-Off Comments)
by
The Honourable Dato' Law Hieng Ding
Minister of Science, Technology and the Environment1.

Let me share with you our thought and experiences on the utilization of nuclear
technology in various fields in Malaysia that has contributed to the significant
impact on our socio-economics development. As a policy objective, we should
maximise the utilisation and advancement of nuclear science and technology as atool for sustaining economic development, the improvement of quality of life andwell-being of the country. Nuclear technology alone may not be sufficient to achievethat objective, so it should be integrated with other related and conventional
technologies.

2.

In addition the nuclear technologies must be relevant to the needs of the end
users and provide high values to them. Therefore nuclear knowledge which isnormally acquired and developed by the nuclear research institution should betransformed into products, processes, services or solutions that add value acrossevery industry for maximum socio-economic benefit. On top of that we have to ensure
the utilization of nuclear technology is well accepted and accords emphasis towards
approaches that are in conformity with sustainable developmental goals includingalignment with societal norms and ethics.

3.

Dissemination of technology is also vital in creating the infrastructure andenvironment within which the needs of the technology and end-users can work
together for mutual benefit. For maximum effectiveness, the private sector and endusers have to be encouraged to look into the long term benefit through direct
participation in the technology project, whilst the research institution has to reorient
its activities in line with the end-users needs. The participation of end-users fromthe very beginning in the project is very essential that will also provide ownership tothem for the later utilization of the technology.

4th FNCA Summary Report18

Round Table Discussion
4.

For the application of nuclear technology to be effective, there must be in place acomprehensive technology transfer programme to the end-users. This is not only toensure the protection of the intellectual property by the research organization but
it is also to ensure that the end-users will have the back up support and continuous
technical assistance in the implementation of the technology transfer programme.

5.

To encourage the development and establishment of the industry especially thesmall and medium scale industries utilizing nuclear technology in the country,
initiatives such as incubator and techno-entrepreneurship programmes should beestablished at the nuclear research institutions so that specificnucleartechnologies could be further developed from the laboratory scale to the semicommercial scale before they are finally commercialised.

4th FNCA Summary Report19Round Table Discussion

1-2-2 Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy(Lead-Off Comments)
byMr. Tetsuya Endo
Vice-Chairman
Atomic Energy Commission
Introduction
Sustainable development requires energy. When energy is used, there are effects on
the environment. Those effects vary with the type of energy selected, but, in any case,
it is easier to preach the three E’s – Economic growth, Energy security andEnvironmental protection – than it is to achieve them simultaneously in practice.
With that in mind, I want to talk about sustainable development and nuclear energy.
Economic Growth in Asia
Many Asian countries have good economic fundamentals and will continue to enjoy
economic growth. Populations are increasing, too, although not as much as in Africa.
Both factors – growth and population – make higher energy demand inevitable in Asia.
Air pollution in large cities, and the need for adequate supplies of food and water, may
all be problems in the future.
Energy Issues and Nuclear Energy
Yet as energy demand grows unavoidably, most Asian countries – except for a lucky
few oil producers – are highly dependent on oil from the Middle East. Most experts
agree that, in the medium term, the oil supply situation will become tight.
Japan is not blessed with energy resources and has a very large economy. Without
nuclear power, its energy self-sufficiency would be only 4%. Nuclear generation isessential for our energy security. Fifty-two nuclear reactors currently provide nearly
35% of Japan’s total generated electricity.
In Korea, 18 reactors provide almost 40%. In China, several more nuclear power
stations have gone into service since last year, and there are now eight in operation.
Vietnam, too, is working toward introduction of nuclear generation, and currently isat the stage of a Pre-Feasibility Study and is expected to proceed to a Feasibility Studysoon. I understand that construction of nuclear power stations is under considerationin Indonesia as well.
At the same time, of course, further efforts should be made toward developing
renewable energies, including wind power, solar power and biomass. These should
4th FNCA Summary Report20Round Table Discussion
prove particularly useful in the role of smaller, dispersed power sources for remoteareas.
In any case, the energy supply-and-demand outlook for a particular country will
depend greatly on the energy resources of that country and geopolitical conditions.
How the country sees its own energy supply-and-demand situation in the medium term
will be a major determinant when discussing the relationship between sustainable
development and nuclear energy.
Environmental Issues and Nuclear Energy
The world faces many global environmental issues. One is the problem of global
warming, resulting from, among other things, energy consumption. The Kyoto
Protocol obliges industrially advanced nations to reduce greenhouse gases – theprimary cause of global warming – by an average 5.2% from their 1990 levels during
the First Commitment Period, 2008 through 2012. In the process of negotiations on
implementing the Kyoto Protocol, however, the relationship between sustainable
development and nuclear energy was regrettably not acknowledged at the COP6, andnuclear energy was excluded from Clean Development Mechanisms – CDM’s – under
the Protocol. Let me add that, in the final phase of COP6, Japan was completely
isolated on this issue. Next week in Milano, the nations of the world will hold COP9.
Depending on what CDM-project-recipient nations want to do, it may be important
again to try to include nuclear energy in the Second Commitment Period, beginning in
2013.
As I already suggested, when energy consumption and population increase, various
environmental problems can arise, too. At the FNCA, projects related to thoseenvironmental problems are under way. One seeks to develop radio-activation
analysis technology for suspended dust particles in the air. This will allow better
analysis of air pollution and help in the development of environmental policy.
Another project involves improving crop varieties, including soybeans, throughmutation breeding by radiation. Still another aims to increase harvests with new,environmentally friendly bio-fertilizers.
Each of these efforts will be useful in providing food for the increasing populations of
the future. They also demonstrate that the links between sustainable development
and nuclear energy are not limited to electricity generation.
Conditions for Peaceful Nuclear Use
So we see that nuclear energy is not just a high-density source of electricity thatemits no carbon dioxide in the generation process; there are great benefits available in
the uses of radiation as well. At the same time, the use of nuclear energy isaccompanied by challenges related to safety, nuclear proliferation, treatment anddisposal of radioactive waste, and public acceptance.
4th FNCA Summary Report21Round Table Discussion
Meeting those challenges requires the utmost effort with the maximum care. That,in turn, means human resources – sufficient numbers of knowledgeable professionals
in nuclear-power and radiation-related fields. Here, too, cooperation among nations
can be extremely useful – in addition to the efforts nations must make on their own.
The FNCA provides an effective framework for various projects in this area as well.
Closing
I have touched today on a few points in the relationship between sustainable
development and nuclear energy. But I think different countries may have somewhat
different interpretations, depending on their own circumstances. This is only natural,and looking from different angles can yield varied approaches. This topic is now
under consideration as a new FNCA cooperation. In that context, I hope mycomments might serve as a reference in the roundtable discussion.

4th FNCA Summary Report22Report of the 4th FNCA Senior Officials Meeting

1-3 SESSION 2
1-3-1 Report of the 4th FNCA Senior Officials Meetingby
Mr. Souichi Nagamatsu
Deputy Director General for Science and Technology Policy
Cabinet Office1.

The 4th Senior Officials Meeting was held on December 2, 2003 with theparticipation of 17 senior officials from 9 FNCA countries. Major agenda items
were:(1) Report on the Fourth FNCA Coordinators Meeting (CM) and Progress of FNCA
Activities(2) Management and Operation of FNCA Activities (New Activities)(3) Human Resources Development (HRD) Strategy for Nuclear Science, Technology
and Applications(4) Preliminary Talks on Round Table Discussion of Ministerial Level Meeting (MM)2.

For agenda item (1), the conclusion of the 4th FNCA Coordinators Meeting and thehighlights of project achievements in 2003 and future plans were reported by Dr.
Machi, the FNCA Coordinator of Japan. The report (attachment-1) was endorsed by
the meeting. Remarkable and visible progress of projects was commended by themeeting.
In the field of research reactor application, it was particularly noted that the first
demonstration plant of automatic loading of Mo-99 adsorbed PZC will be installed in
BATAN, Indonesia in Dec. 2003.
In the field of agriculture, development of drought tolerant mutant varieties ofsoybean and sorghum are being successfully implemented through exchange ofmutant seeds between participating countries. For the project on Biofertilizer, Viet
Nam has demonstrated remarkable results in a field test for peanuts.
In the field of nuclear safety, the project on "Safety Culture of Research Reactor"
started a peer review activity with the Dalat reactor of Viet Nam, providing usefulcomments. For management of the technologically enhanced naturally occurring
radioactive materials (TENORM), an expert mission visited the relevant sites in Viet
Nam and Malaysia in 2003 recommending some points for improvement.
4th FNCA Summary Report
23

Report of the 4th FNCA Senior Officials Meeting
For the project on "Public Information for Nuclear Energy", two Open Seminars
were held in Viet Nam with 200 participants in conjunction with a Project Leaders
Meeting. The Regional Speakers Bureau (RSB) sent one speaker each to Malaysia
and Thailand for the large conferences.
In the project on "Electron Accelerator Application" the demonstration of the thinfilm irradiation to produce wound dressings was conducted in the MINT, Malaysia.
3.

For agenda item (2) a project on "Application and Usage of Position Emission
Tomography (PET), Cyclotron and Radioisotope in Medicine " was proposed by theGovernment of Malaysia (attachment-2), and a panel on "Sustainable Development
and Nuclear Energy in Asia" was proposed by the Government of Japan(attachment-3). The former proposal was strongly supported by all FNCA countries.
The meeting endorsed the proposal and suggested that the 5th Coordinators Meeting
discuss a specific work plan and other relevant technical issues. The second proposal
was highly appreciated by all FNCA countries including Australia, Malaysia andThailand, which presently have no plans to construct nuclear power plants. Since
this proposal had been approved by the 4th Coordinators Meeting in March 2003, it
was agreed that the first meeting of the panel will be held early in the FY 2004.

4.

For agenda item (3), the SOM recognized that the HRD is most important forsustainable development of nuclear science and technology. The Conclusions andrecommendations from the item were agreed as in attachment 4 to be reported to the
Ministerial Level Meeting on December 3, 2003.

5.

For agenda item (4), preliminary presentations and exchange of views on two
specific topics for the Ministerial Level Round Table Discussion on December 3 were
made.

6.

It was agreed that the 7th FNCA Meeting in 2006 would be held in Malaysia. The
Philippines offered to host the 9th FNCA Meeting in 2008.

4th FNCA Summary Report24

Attachment1

Attachment 1
Progress Report on FNCA Activities in 2003
byDr. Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan

1. The Fourth FNCA Coordinators Meeting (CM), March 5-7, 2003, Naha-Shi, Okinawa,Japan(1) The progress and future directions of FNCA projects in the eight fields werereviewed, and their mid-term work plans were approved. The Meeting agreed tothe proposed venues for Workshops / Project Leaders Meetings in FY 2003 under
the FNCA framework.
(2) In follow-up actions to the Third FNCA Meeting, three projects were proposed on“Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy in Asia”, “Marine Environmental
Pollution Research and Monitoring using Nuclear and Nuclear-related Analytical
Techniques and FNCA Database”, and “Maintenance Network of Nuclear Medical
Instrumentation”.
a. The Meeting approved the implementation of “Sustainable Development andNuclear Energy in Asia” project subject to availability of funds.
b. For the proposal on “Marine Environmental Pollution Research and Monitoring
using Nuclear and Nuclear-related Analytical Techniques and FNCA
Database”, it was endorsed to be implemented within the on-going project on“Neutron Activation Analysis”.
c. For “Maintenance Network of Nuclear Medical Instrumentation”, a survey on
the condition of gamma cameras in terms of operation and maintenance wasrecommended in order to formulate a project work plan, before FNCA approves
this proposal.
(3) The Meeting dealt with “Strategy for Human Resources Development” to note thenecessity of cooperation with other parallel initiatives being made on this subject,in other international organizations.
(4) Importance of strengthening linkage with end-users of technologies wasrecognized to achieve socio-economic development. FNCA Coordinators wereencouraged to support project leaders in their efforts to cooperate with end-users.
In this respect, it was suggested that Open Lectures be conducted in conjunction
with the Workshops.
4th FNCA Summary Report25

Attachment1(5) The Meeting recognized importance of strengthening the partnership in FNCA
activities and increased government support, such as funding for projects carriedout in each country, and the recognition of FNCA activities as part of the national
programs was recommended.
(6) It was recommended that at the national level, linkages between FNCA
Coordinators and Project Leaders be enhanced.
2.

Highlights of FNCA Project Activities(1) Tc-99m Generator Production
New projects on "Tc-99m Generator Production" using Mo-99 produced by (n,γ)
reaction and Poly-Zirconium Compound (PZC) adsorbent have remarkableprogress in design of production system in Japan and Indonesia.
The
demonstration of manual production was made in BATAN at the Workshop in
2003. A larger scale automatic plant for loading Mo-99 adsorbed PZC will be
installed in BATAN, Indonesia in December 2003. The demonstration of theplant operation will be performed during the next Workshop in January 2004.
BATAN-Kaken Joint Patent on the PZC based Tc-99m generator and Mo-99
loading machine has been already applied in Japan (Oct. 31, 2002) and Indonesia(Feb. 24, 2003).
Future plans:
1) Quality assurance test of the Mo-PZC loaded column in Indonesia.
2) Loading plant installation in FNCA countries with the technical support ofJapan in 2004 and 2005.
(2) Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) for Monitoring Airborne Particulates
The particulate samples were collected in each country using common filters
provided by Japan, in urban and rural areas to be analyzed by the NAA. The
monitoring are being continued and the compiled report will be published in the
1st quarter of 2004. "Ko- method", which improves efficiency of NAA to beaffordable in measurement of large number of environmental samples is being
developed by the collaboration of the Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese experts.
Future plans:
1) Pollution monitoring data of airborne particulates in urban and rural areas in
FNCA countries will be compiled in 2004
2) Ko-method of NAA should be established in collaboration with IAEA in 2004
3) Results of NAA measurements of airborne particulates should be used for theplanning of environmental control of FNCA countries. In this regard thecoordination with ministry responsible for environmental control should be
strengthening.
4th FNCA Summary Report26

Attachment1
4) The proposal of Viet Nam to monitor pollution of sea water in coast will be
implemented by the measurement of sediment and/or biota in the sea coast
using NAA after 2004.
(3) Neutron Scattering
The project on "Neutron Scattering" is focusing on application of the small angle
neutron scattering (SANS) for studying structure of natural polymers produced in
the FNCA countries. In 2003 one scientist from Thailand and one from thePhilippines have studied the structure of the modified natural rubber andcarrageenan, respectively in Japan in collaboration with the University of Tokyo,
Kyoto University and JAERI. Structure of industrial polymers was also studied.
Future plans:
1) Expert meeting on the project will be held in Indonesia in 2004 to discuss the
specific applications of SANS which meet industrial research needs andcommon interests of FNCA countries.
2) The study on the structure of natural and industrial polymers will be
continued in 2004.
(4) Mutation Breeding
The project on "Mutation Breeding" has started a new specific activity in 2002
with participation of China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam to develop
new varieties of the drought-tolerant sorghum and soybean, and activity of insectresistant orchid in 2003 with participation of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.
Experimental materials of soybean, sorghum and orchid have been exchanged
between the participating countries. Better mutant variety of sorghum has beendeveloped in Indonesia. Malaysia and Indonesia are about to join "soybean"
activity in 2003.
Future plans:
1) Selection of better mutant varieties of sorghum, soybean and orchid will be
continued and intermediate results will be reviewed in 2004.
2) Mutation breeding for disease resistant banana will be started by Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines and Viet Nam in 2004.
3) In order to increase kinds of mutant, the utilization of the ion accelerator of
JAERI may be facilitated by the FNCA Coordinator of Japan responding thespecific request of FNCA countries.
(5) Biofertilizer
The 1st Workshop of the project on "Biofertilizer" has formulated the work planin 2002 and 2003 including the field demonstration in participating countries to
4th FNCA Summary Report27

Attachment1
show impacts of the biofertilizer. The 2nd Workshop in Viet Nam was jointly
organized with JSPS Research Project of Biofertilizer with participation of the
IAEA and ICRISAT experts. Field demonstration of biofertilizer (Rhizobia) for
peanuts in Viet Nam was successful. The strategy for extension of biofertilizer
was formulated in each country.
Future plans:
1) Strategic demonstration of biofertilizer application in less-fertile soil in 2004
and 2005
2) Pilot production of biofertilizer using radiation sterilization of carriers in2004 and 2005
3) Support of IAEA for measurement of N2 fixing using N-15
(6) Radiation Oncology
The project on the radiation therapy of uterine cervix cancer has achieved
remarkable progress. The clinical study on radiation therapy using the standard
protocol “CERVIX-I” in FNCA participating countries. This treatment regimen
produced a favorable outcome, with the 5 year overall survival and local tumor
control rates for stage IIIB patients being 52.5% and 81.5% respectively. These
results were comparable with or somewhat superior to those of the American andEuropean series. The guidebook on the treatment protocol "CERVIX-I" has been
published in 2002 for radiation oncologist. In conjunction with the FNCA
Workshop, the Open Lecture on "Radiation Therapy" was presented for 150
audiences in 2003 in Tokyo. A clinical study on chemo-radiotherapy for advanced
uterine cervix cancer has been conducted since 2003.
Future plans:
1) The clinical test on chemo-radiotherapy for advanced uterine cervix cancer
will be fully implemented in 2004.
2) The clinical study on chemo-radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer also will
be preliminarily studied in 2004.
3) Activities on QA/QC of radiation therapy in 2004
(7) Public Information (PI) for Nuclear Energy
In this area, a joint cross-national survey on "radiation" was carried out in seven
FNCA countries. In each country, a total of 1,100 male and female high-school
students served as respondents. The results of the survey are expected to servefor improving the strategy for effective communications.
Under the FNCA Regional Speakers Bureau Activity, three speakers were sent
to the ICN'02 in Malaysia in 2002 and one speaker to the NuTech 03 in Thailand.
In conjunction with Project Leaders Meeting in Viet Nam in 2003, two Open
4th FNCA Summary Report28

Attachment1
Seminars were held on "Public Information Strategies for Developing Nuclear
Power" in Hanoi and "Application on Radiation Technology in Industry". Morethan 200 local specialists attended the both seminars.
Future plans:
1) In order to enhance communications with mass media, national seminars will
be organized in each country in 2004, where the FNCA will facilitate(provide) necessary means (experts).
2) The possibility for the FNCA to train nuclear communicators will be exploredalso in 2004.
3) It is proposed that FNCA’s Web-site (http://www.fnca.jp/english/) should be
improved by more active participation of all FNCA countries by increasing
the two-way traffic of information in 2004.
4) It is recommended that the next PL meeting will be held in Thailand in 2004
in conjunction with an Open Seminar on "Research Reactor Application for
Science and Industry".
(8) Radioactive Waste Management (RWM)
The Task Group for the sub-project on "Spent Radiation Source
Management"(SRSM) had useful visits to relevant facilities to have fruitful
discussion in Indonesia and Korea in 2002. Activity report of this SRSM Task
Group was published in March 2003. The consolidated report on RWM has been
completed in February 2003, which contains useful updated information. It wasagreed that the sub-project on "TENORM" replaces "SRSM". Expert group visited
Malaysia and Viet Nam to assess the safety of TENORM (TechnologicallyEnhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) management in 2003.
Future plans:
1) Expert group visits to Thailand and China to assess safety of TENORM
management in 2004.
2) Review of National Radiation Safety Standard status in accordance with
IAEA Basic Standard
3) Characterization and classification of wastes for each FNCA country.
(9) Nuclear Safety Culture (NSC)
The self-assessment of research reactors has been conducted in each FNCA
country in order to identify the areas for further improvement in fostering safety
culture and management. The first peer review of safety culture for research
reactor was carried out successfully in Viet Nam on the research reactor of Dalat
Nuclear Research Institute in January 2003. Some useful comments andinformation were presented for Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC) to
4th FNCA Summary Report29Attachment1
take into account for the improvement of safety culture.
Future plans:
1) Peer review of HANARO (High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor of
KAERI) safety culture in 2004
2) Self-assessment of safety culture in each FNCA country in accordance with
IAEA Codes of Conduct
3) Review of the project outcome in the past years(10) Human Resources Development (HRD)
The development of the common training materials in radiation protection area
and introduction of e-learning system, are being progressed. The survey of basic
data on HRD such as, currently available human resources and the demand tomeet national program are being carried out in FNCA countries, which should be
used to formulate a national strategy of HRD and the strategy of FNCA's HRD
project. The matter of regional networking for research, high education andtraining was raised at the Workshop and the 3rd FNCA Meeting.
Future plans:
1) National HRD strategy should be drafted based on results of the survey of
HRD database to be discussed at the HRD Workshop in 2004
2) Preparation of a model method for HRD strategy formulation in 2004
3) The FNCA approach to ANENT should be examined(11) Application of Accelerators
According to the work plan at the 2nd Workshop, demonstration for liquid
system was conducted by the JAERI Japan in December 2002.
The 3rd Workshop on Application of Electron Accelerators was held at Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, where the status of utilization of electron accelerator for thinfilms in the participating countries was discussed and the future program wasformulated. The demonstration for thin film irradiation was achieved in MINT
Malaysia 2003. The Cost analysis of the low energy electron process is inprogress.
Future plans:
1) Demonstration of flue gas treatment in China in 2004
2) Evaluation of radiation processing of liquid, solid, and gas samples by low
energy electron accelerator

4th FNCA Summary Report30

Attachment2
Attachment 2
Proposal from Malaysia

Topic: Application and Usage of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Cyclotron
and Radioisotope in Medicine.
Early detection of diseases is very important for the early treatment and also in
the reduction of medical cost and social suffering. Nuclear medicine is making
rapid and astonishing progress with the development of imaging technologies.
PET is at present making an impact and has emerged as a very important toolfor diagnosis and staging/grading of diseases, evaluating the effect of treatments
detection of recurrence and in the long term follow up of cancer patients in many
countries. Beside oncology (cancer cases), PET has also important role in the fieldof neurology, cardiology and infections.
With the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of diseases, molecularimaging using PET systems will play an important role for the diagnosis andtreatment of various diseases including oncology diseases.
The high specificity and sensitivity of PET has resulted in the change in the
management of clinical diseases through the use of PET imaging (ref: Journal of
Nuclear Medicine 2001). Already in the developed countries, the number of PET
centers has increased many folds over the last 4 years.
However the clinical PET practice is far from the daily clinical use because of
the lack of experts, equipment and budget in many developing countries. It is
expected that PET will be widely introduced into many more countries in the near
future.
Malaysia through the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Science and Environment
and the Ministry of Education is expanding the field of Nuclear Medicine Services
in term of infrastructure equipment, personnel, research and manpower.
The government of Malaysia is acquiring two system of PET-CT and a cyclotron
by year 2004 and another system of PET-CT the following year.
It is with the above facts taken into considerations and the regional cooperation
4th FNCA Summary Report31

Attachment2
in FNCA spirit that Malaysia is proposing a project of "Application and Usage of
Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Cyclotron and Radioisotopes in Medicine."
This project consist of the following component and the agency responsible for
implementation it are as specified below:
Component

Implementing Agency

Cyclotron and Radionuclide Ministry of Science,
Production aspect
Technology & theEnvironment:
Malaysian Institute for
Nuclear Technology Research

Clinical PET-CT aspect

Radiation Safety Aspect
QA & QC Aspect

Ministry of Health:Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Ministry of Health:
1. Penang Hospital
2. Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Ministry of Education:
University Hospital, Petaling
Jaya
Ministry of Science,
Technology & theEnvironment:
1. Atomic Energy Licensing
Board
2. Malaysian Institute for
Nuclear Technology
Research

Expected
Implementation
November 2004

June 2004

June 2004

Ministry of Health:
1. Radiation Protection
Division of Engineering
Department.
2. Penang Hospital
3. Kuala Lumpur Hospital
Further details and framework shall be discussed at the Senior Official (SOM)
and National Coordinator (NOM) meetings.
Thank you.

4th FNCA Summary Report32

Attachment3
Attachment 3
Proposal of FNCA Activities by Government of Japanby
Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan

1.

Title
Panel on "Role of Nuclear Energy for Sustainable Development in Asia"

2.

BackgroundAt the 4th FNCA Coordinators Meeting the proposal on "Sustainable
Development and Nuclear Energy in Asia" was discussed and approved (Annex).
The implementation of the proposal has been subject to the availability of funds.

3.

Outline of the Panel
1) Activities:
・ Long term (20 years and 50 years) energy planning(demand and supply) ineach country and the region
・ Assessment of the least cost production of electricity and GHG emission indifferent energy mixes including nuclear in each country (major parameters:
oil and gas price, economic growth)・ Drawing regional picture of the energy demand and supply, and GHG
emission・ Issues for introduction and expansion of nuclear power in Asian countries,
such as capital cost, public acceptance, human resources development,
assurance of safety and waste management
・ Assessment of mitigating effect of GHG emission by nuclear power in Asia, inconnection with Kyoto Protocol.
・ Assessment of non-power application of nuclear energy such as desalination ofsea water and hydrogen production.
2) Outputs:
・ Regional and national picture of the energy demand and supply, and roles ofnuclear energy
・ Common understanding on significance of nuclear power in Asia in terms ofenergy security, economic development and environment protection
・ Assessment of non-power nuclear applications.
3) Project duration of Panel:
4th FNCA Summary Report33

Attachment3
2~3 years from 2004
4) Members of Panel:
Experts and government officials for the energy policy and environmental
protection as well as nuclear energy from participating countries. FNCA
Coordinator of Japan serves a member as well as secretariat.
5) Reporting:
To report to the FNCA Meeting and Coordinators Meeting.
6) Implementation and work plan:(i) Work scheme including the tools, methodology and parameters should beestablished by the meeting of experts from FNCA countries. Synergy withrelated RCA and national activities should be explored.
(ii) Assessment of national energy planning, energy mixes, GHG emission, andeconomics should be carried out in each country by using agreed tools andmethodology.
(iii) Regional pictures should be prepared by the FNCA secretariat of Japan withJapanese experts group based on the results of each national assessment.
The outcome should be discussed and agreed at the panel.

4th FNCA Summary Report34

Attachment3

Panel on ” Role of Nuclear Energy for Sustainable Development in Asia”

FNCA (Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia) Meeting
Ministerial Level Meeting(Final Decision of Important Matters)
Senior Officials Level Meeting(Support for Ministerial Meeting)

Reporting
Coordinators Meeting

Reporting
Reporting（Review, Coordination and
Planning of Activities)

Panel on "Role of Nuclear
Energy for Sustainable
Development in Asia"

Reporting of Activities in Each Field

Projects(Eight Fields, 11 Projects)

4th FNCA Summary Report35

Attachment3
Annex
Project on "Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy in Asia"
bySueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan(1) Background:
1) The Project was first proposed by Indonesia in 2001. Expert Meeting to discusson the proposal was held in 2001 and 2002 with the participation of experts from
China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The second meeting prepared therevised project proposal as attachment-1.
2) The proposal was supported by the 3rd Coordinators Meeting to be submitted tothe 3rd FNCA Meeting for its endorsement. The meeting suggested that theversion revised according to its comments as follows should be submitted to the
4th Coordinators Meeting for further discussion and approval. The meetingsuggested that the project be focused on:
・ assessment of the least cost production of power and GHG emission fromdifferent energy mixes by using common tools and methodology.
・ regional picture of energy demand, GHG emissions and energy security.
・ economic feasibility studies of nuclear power to assess the break even points
for small/medium/large reactors. (attachment-2)
3) The representatives of IAEA pointed out that the synergy could be sought with
RCA activities.
4) At the Round Table Discussion, many delegates shared the view that nuclear
energy can achieve 3E's: "Energy security", "Environmental protection" and"Economic growth", being one of the most important energy sources. It was also
acknowledged that further studies including the proposed project could provide a
firm platform for the consideration on the inclusion of nuclear energy in the
CDM.
(2) Revised project proposal based on the comments by the 3rd FNCA Meeting
1) Project activities:
・ Collect data for long term (20 years and 50 years) energy planning(demand andsupply) in each country.
・ Assessment of the least cost production of electricity and GHG emission indifferent energy mixes including nuclear in each country (major parameters: oiland gas price, economic growth)
4th FNCA Summary Report36

Attachment3
・ Drawing regional picture of the energy demand and supply, and GHG emission.
・ Assessment of mitigating effect of GHG emission by nuclear power in Asia, andusefulness of CDM to introduce/expand nuclear power in Asia.
2) Project outputs:
・ Recognition of significance of nuclear power in Asia in terms of energy security,
economic development and environment protection.
・ Regional picture of the energy demand and supply.
・ Recognition of usefulness of the inclusion of nuclear power in the CDM for Asian
countries.
3) Project duration:
2 years, 2 meetings per year.
4) Project implementation and work plan:(i) Work scheme including the tools, methodology and parameters should beestablished by the meeting of experts from FNCA countries. Synergy with
RCA related and national activities should be considered. (2003)(ii) Assessment of national energy planning, energy mixes, GHG emission, andeconomics should be carried out in each country by using agreed tools andmethodology. (2003, 2004)(iii) Regional pictures should be prepared by the FNCA secretariat of Japan withJapanese experts group based on the results of each national assessment.
The outcome should be discussed and agreed at the project workshop. (2004)(Note) Experts and government officers for the energy policy and environmental
protection as well as nuclear energy experts should be included in the national
study team.
5) Leading countries:
Japan, Korea, China
Participating countries: All FNCA countries
6) Funds:(i) Meetings, 4 mtgs × 25p=100 m·week: US$250,000(ii) Activities (work for analysis), borne by each country(iii) Analysis for regional picture and publication: US$ 30,000

4th FNCA Summary Report37

Attachment4
Attachment 4
Conclusions and Recommendations
Item 3, Special Session on Human Resources Development (HRD) Strategy for Nuclear
Science, Technology and Applications

1. HRD is recognized to be an important component for the sustainable developmentof nuclear science and technology applications.
2. The concern was expressed by the majority of the meeting participants that themaintenance of nuclear knowledge and experience is at risk because of declining
numbers of experts due to retirement and the lack of incoming young nuclear
scientists and engineers.
3. The HRD strategy should be authorized and supported by the high levelgovernment management responding to the national nuclear program as a long term
commitment. Enhancement of nuclear capability to address future applications of
nuclear energy should be part of the HRD strategy.
4. The setting up of a small high level task force by FNCA is desirable to discuss thestrategy for HRD.
5. Regional and interregional cooperation enhance national HRD and international
infrastructure of human resources. Therefore, FNCA and the exchange program for
HRD sponsored by Japan should play important roles. In this context, specificcollaboration of the FNCA with ANENT of IAEA should be defined in the near futurewith full consultation with IAEA and other relevant organizations.
6. The enhancement of nuclear knowledge is needed to promote applications of
nuclear science and technology. Government and private firms are encouraged toprovide special fellowships to students majoring in nuclear science and technology.
7. Training materials including e-learning materials should be efficiently produced bysharing works among FNCA countries but not overlapping relevant IAEA activities.
Setting up a task force for planning and working for preparation of training materials
on a work-sharing basis is desirable.

4th FNCA Summary Report38

Attachment4
8. Analysis of the database on HRD should be completed early in 2004. The result of
the analysis may be reflected in revising the HRD strategy in each country, dependingon their national policy. The new revised HRD strategy based on the database
analysis should be reported to the HRD Workshop in 2004. This database could be
used to identify gaps between the current situation and the needs of each country.

4th FNCA Summary Report39Country Report

1-4 SESSION 3
1-4-1 Country Report of Vietnam
byMr. Hoang Van Huay
Vice-Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

The year 2003 is a year of many remarkable events for research, development anduses of nuclear energy in Viet Nam.
In September 2003, the VAEC and IAEA have signed The Country Programme
Framework for Technical Co-operation between the VAEC and IAEA, period 2003-2008.
The areas for future cooperation between the VAEC and IAEA are as follows: Food
Security; Energy Security; Management of National Water Resources and Supply ofClean Drinking Water; Strengthening of National Capability in Nuclear Science andTechnology; Health Care; Industrial Applications of Nuclear Techniques; and Human
Resources Development.
The Draft Strategy for nuclear energy development in Viet Nam is completed andbeing reviewed. The strategy has emphasized the socio-economic impact of nuclear
technology to the country, as well as formulated a long-term programme for nuclear
energy development of the country from now up to 2030.
Reports on Pre-FS on the first NPP’s construction in Viet Nam and Study andelucidation of seven aspects in relation to the nuclear power development in Viet Nam
are going to be completed. The study results concluded that in order to meet energy
demand of the country, the first NPP should be put into commercial operation in Viet
Nam by 2017-2020.
The National Assembly Standing Committee approved to formulate Draft Atomic
Energy Law of Viet Nam. A Steering Committee was established. H.E. Minister of the
MOST is appointed as the Chairman of the Committee.
During the 2003, Viet Nam has been participating in all FNCA projects. The results
obtained from the FNCA cooperative activities have been making significant
contributions to the enhancing of research, development and use of nuclear science andtechnology in Viet Nam. Below are some main activities being carried out under the
FNCA framework.

4th FNCA Summary Report40Country Report1.

Utilization of Research Reactor
1.1. 99mTC Generator Production
Polymer Zirconium Compound (PZC) was successfully synthesized. As a result
obtained several hundred grams of PZC sample of good quality and highMolybdenum adsorption capacity were prepared for 99mTc generator preparation.
The comparison of the performance of synthesized PZC with that supplied by Kaken
Co. ( Japan) showed a coincided result on the Molybdenum adsorption
performance.
A standard procedure for the preparation of PZC based 99mTc generator has
been formulated and compiled by Prof. Le Van So . This procedure was issued by
Dr. Sueo Machi and Dr. Tsuguo Genka and dispatched to FNCA’s participants forstandardization of experimental work.
An effective PZC column loading technique was successfully developed. This iscalled a “ Cold loading technique”. This technique offer an opportunity to simplify
the procedure of PZC based Tc-99m generator preparation and to follow suit acommonly accepted fission 99Mo and Alumina based Tc-99m generator technology.
1.2. Application of Neutron Activation Analysis+ The air pollution study
During 2002, the airborne particulate samples were collected using two types ofpolycarbonate membrane filter PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 in two typical sites ofindustrial (Ho Chi Minh City) and rural (Dateh) regions in the south of Viet Nam.
The concentration of trace elements in the samples has been determined by the k0NAA procedure developed in Da Lat NRI. In order to check the developed k0-NAA
procedure for the airborne particulate matters, two standard reference materials(SRMs) Urban Particulate NIST-1648 and Vehicle Exhaust Particulate NIES-8 wereanalyzed and the obtained results have been compared and interpreted in term of
deviation between experimental results and the certified values.
However, the meteorological data in the sampling site of rural region (Dateh) has
not been available yet. We have contacted to the meteorological agency in Viet Nam,
but it was not successful. This problem will be solved in the next year because weare initiating a new national project for investigation of air pollution in Viet Nam.
+ The QA/QC
The quality management for analytical laboratories has been implemented at the
Da Lat NRI. At the moment, two typical laboratories for nuclear analyticaltechniques (NATs), i.e. laboratories for INAA and Environmental ResearchMonitoring have been selected to aim at getting the accreditation. The procedures,
techniques and instructions have been documented, however they have not yet beencombined in a quality manual. The laboratories are expected to receive
accreditation for their quality system for compliance with the accreditation criteriaof TCVN ISO/IEC 17025 national standard (equivalent to ISO/IEC 17025
4th FNCA Summary Report41Country Reportinternational standard) in the next two years (end of 2005).
In order to evaluate uncertainties involved in analyzing a small size of sample
like airborne particulate matters, a small-sized sample was analyzed repeatedly.
For this purpose, 1 mg of two SRM samples (NIST 1632C and NIES No.8) was
analyzed for six times. Both of the k0-NAA and the relative methods were applied.
Also, the impurities in filter papers were evaluated.
+ The development and application of ko-NAA
The analysis of airborne particulate matters by the k0-NAA method based-on the
Ko-DALAT software has been carried out.
During 2003, the k0-NAA method including the use of Ko-DALAT software wastrained for all staffs of INAA laboratory at the Da Lat NRI. Also, through an expert
mission (Mr. Ho Manh Dung) invited by MINT, the k0-NAA methodology developedat Da Lat was introduced to the NAA laboratory in MINT (Malaysia).
+ Others
The INAA technique has been applied for determination of multi-element invarious sample objects such as crude oil, base rock, human hair and sediment, etc.
Characteristics of the PGNAA facility at the Da Lat reactor have been improved.
+ Future plan on NAA
The INAA technique should be applied for the solid waste samples.
The prompt gamma-ray NAA (PGA) system should be developed and applied forthe practical objects.
1.3. Neutron Beam Application and Research Reactor Operation
Research of structure-properties of water-soluble copolymer for oil field
application.
Structural study of TPE on the basis of NR and Methyl-methacrylate,
Polyethylene and Polypropylene.
Reactor management including fuel burn-up calculation, reactor physics andthermo-hydraulic study, as well as reactor aging management.
2.

Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Agriculture
The activities of this FNCA project have been integrated with the IAEA Project
VIE/5/014: “Mutant rice varieties for saline acid soil tolerant”, which purpose is tofurther develop and extend advanced mutant varieties and mutant germplasms of rice
in Viet Nam. The research activities have been being carried out at the Agricultural
Genetics Institute and Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute.
In addition to the National training course on “Maker-assisted selection and DNA
fingerprinting in rice”, many training courses for extension of new varieties were held
in locations, where demonstration fields for CM6, DT21, Mutant Tamthom and others
have been cultivated.
Under the FNCA framework, the 2003 FNCA Workshop on Application of nuclear
4th FNCA Summary Report42Country Reporttechnique for bio-fertilizer production was successfully organized in Viet Nam, October
2003.
For the next cycle 2005-2006, an IAEA TC Project on Enhancement of Quality andYield of Rice Mutants in Vietnam Using Nuclear and Related Techniques has been
proposed.
3.

Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Medical Use
Recently, Viet Nam has been investing to equip modern nuclear techniques andfacilities to the hospitals. It may be mentioned that, considering the significant role ofnuclear medicine diagnostics and radiotherapy in the national health plans, theGovernment of Vietnam has approved the establishment of a Medical Hi-tech Centerwith the provision of the first PET-Cyclotron System in the Country. In order to support
to the Center, a proposed national project on Establishment of Cyclotron Center for
medical use and development of nuclear technique application is being formulated withthe participation of the VAEC, the Tran Hung Dao hospital, Institute of Physics, Ha noi
University of Technology, and Ha Noi Science University. Besides, VAEC has proposed
IAEA to approve a TC project on PET-Cyclotron for the cycle 2005-2006.
At present, there are on-going projects, such as: RAS/6/035: LDR and HDR
Brachytherapy in Treating Cervical Cancer, which is being carried out at the KHospital and the Oncology Center in Ho Chi Minh City and two national projects:
Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy for Uterine Cervix Cancer and Concurrent ChemoRadiotherapy for Nasophryngcal Carcinoma.
4.

Public Information of Nuclear Energy
Having perceived the extremely important role of public information andpropaganda for the public acceptance and consensus to the nuclear power development,
in 2003, many PI activities have been carried out in Viet Nam.
Follow-up three exhibitions on peaceful uses of nuclear energy in 2001 and 2002, the
4th exhibition on peaceful uses of nuclear power was held in Ho Chi Minh City in April
2003 with supports of the JAIF and JCI of Japan.
October 2003, the VAEC participated in the Viet Nam Tech Mart 2003 in Ha Noi. The
VAEC pavilion had received thousands visitors. Through the exhibition, VAEC hastaken a good opportunity to propagate to the public the benefits of the nuclear
technique applications in the fields of agriculture, industry, health care, environment
protection,...
March 2003, a delegation of Steering Committee for study on Nuclear Power
Development in Viet Nam has paid a visit to the nuclear installations in Korea andJapan
September 2003, a delegation of the organizations of the Communist Party of Viet
Nam (CPV) visited Japan to study nuclear power development of Japan under the
4th FNCA Summary Report43Country Reportinvitation of the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc. (JAIF).
October 2003, a delegation from MOST and VAEC paid a two-week scientific visit toFrance in order to study the nuclear power development and nuclear - related
technologies of France.
The 2003 FNCA Public Information Project Leaders Meeting was held in Ha Noi and
Ho Chi Minh City November 4-6, 2003. During the Meeting, the two seminars on
Strategy on Public Information for Nuclear Power Development in Ha Noi andApplication of Radiation Technology in Industry in Ho Chi Minh City were held
successfully with participation of the policy makers, scientists, professors, students,and journalists and correspondents. The mass media, such as Viet Nam Television(VTV), Voice of Viet Nam (VOV) and newspapers informed of those events, including
VTV’s broadcasting of interview with Dr. Sueo Machi, FNCA Coordinator of Japan.
It is noted that the PI activities have contributed to increasing awareness of the
public towards the necessity and benefit of the development and utilization of nuclear
energy, especially, the introduction of nuclear power in Viet Nam.
5.

Radioactive Waste Management
Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements (ITRRE) has
responsibility for treatment and management all kinds of radwaste in the North ofViet Nam. At present, about 130 tons of LLRW, including uranium ores, uranium
tailing, waste from monazite processing and research activities in ITRRE accumulated
from 1981, have been being treated. This activity will be completed by the end of 2003
and has been kept at the ITRRE’s interim storage in Phung, Ha Tay province.
In addition, many sealed sources have been being used in industries. After their
expiration, they become radioactive wastes. Statistical data on the distribution ofradioactive sources in Viet Nam are as follows:
There are 739 sources distributed in 17 among 39 provinces of the country classified
by fields of applications as follows:
Health care:
411 sources, (56%)
Industries:
201 sources, (27%)
Others:
127 sources, (17%)
Among them only 210 sources are still in use and under close management; Theremaining more than 500 sources are actually expired. They are considered radwaste
and kept in stores of the users. They should be collected and managed at radwaste
processing facility.
With the aim of the enhancing capability on RWM, in addition to the on-going MOST
project on upgrading Phung interim storage, treatment and management for all
radioactive wastes in this storage, VAEC is planning to formulate a new IAEA TC
project on RWM for the cycle 2005-2006.
Implementation of the 2003 FNCA plan, from 24-29 July 2003, the TENORM Task
4th FNCA Summary Report44Country Report
Group of FNCA had completed his mission in Viet Nam, the discussion on TENORM
show that, some NORM/TENORM industries should be a target of radiation protection.
But their origin of radioisotopes is natural. Therefore, the criteria or standard should
be different from that of artificial source. Too strict regulation will cause much socialand economical confusion.
The co-operation in the field of RWM was implemented through the exchanges ofexperiences, training personnel and the consultancy in setting-up the National Policy
for RWM between Vietnamese experts and experts from IAEA, Japan, Korea and
FNCA.
6.

Human Resource Development
The crucial problems and obstacles on nuclear human resource development facing
by Viet Nam are the shortage of nuclear manpower in terms of quantity and quality.
There exist, at present, a big gap between scientific researcher generations.
Recognizing the vital importance of human resource development, the government ofViet Nam had assigned VAEC and IE to conduct studies to establish a policy and planfor preparation manpower for atomic energy development, in general, and theintroduction of nuclear power in Viet Nam, in particular.
At present, VAEC has established cooperation with 4 universities (Ha Noi Universityof Technology, Ha Noi University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Science,
DaLat University) in the field of nuclear student training. Through the international
cooperation channels (IAEA, RCA, FNCA, bilateral), every year, about 150-200
scientific researchers and nuclear administrators have been trained abroad.
VAEC is implementing a policy to recruit excellent students and give themfavourable conditions for continuously studying at the oversea training centers.
From December 8-12, 2003 a Regional Asia Workshop on Management of Human
Resources for NPP Operating Organizations (RAS-4-021) will be held in Ha Noi underco-sponsors of the VAEC and IAEA. 25 experts and participants from IAEA, China,
Egypt, India, Korea, Pakistan, and Viet Nam will attend the Workshop. This is an
important and useful event for Viet Nam - a developing country is considering to choose
nuclear power.
7.

Nuclear Safety Culture
Lectures on safety culture were presented in 10 training courses on radiation safety
organized in the whole country with 450 participants in total.
Several meetings between regulators, contractors, reactor management and reactor
users have been held to discuss aspects affected nuclear safety of Da Lat Nuclear
Research Reactor (DNRR).
Studies on the social and human conditions of Viet Nam with respect to the
management and operation of NPPs in the near future have been carried out.
4th FNCA Summary Report45Country Report
The 6th FNCA Workshop on Nuclear Safety Culture was held in Da Lat, Viet Nam
January 2003. The Workshop and Peer-Review were very useful for fostering andstrengthening safety culture for Viet Nam.
In 2003, two Workshops on Nuclear Safety Culture were organized in Ha Noi under
the framework of MOST’s Project on Elucidation of 7 aspects related to the nuclear
power development in Viet Nam.
8.

Application of Electron Accelerator
Market survey on product types and quantities, which could be processed by gamma
irradiator and by EB machine in the fields of industry and health care, has been being
conducted by the Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology(VINAGAMMA). In addition, some studies on liquid materials processed by gamma
and electron irradiation for development of some agricultural products such as plant
promoters, protectors, etc. has been conducted under the cooperation between Viet
Nam and Japan.
VAEC is considering a project on installation of EB machine at the VINAGAMMA.
This plan is supported by IAEA through a TC Project in the cycle 2005-2006.

Conclusion
Nuclear science and technology has been playing a very important role andcontinuously making significant contribution to the socio-economic development of thecountries in region.
We highly appreciate the very important role and significant contribution of the
FNCA to the safe peaceful nuclear energy utilization in the world, as well as in the
Asian region.
Viet Nam has the great honour to host the 5th FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting to beheld in 2004. The Government of Viet Nam commits to give every necessary conditionand closely cooperate with Japan and the other FNCA member countries, to ensure thefruitful success of the Meeting.

4th FNCA Summary Report46Country Report

1-4-2 Country Report of Thailand“Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact of Radiation and Isotope Application andSustainable Development and Nuclear Energy in Thailand”
by
Mr. Pathom Yamkate
Secretary-General
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP)

Excellencies,
Distinguished Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen;
It is a great pleasure and honor for me to be here with you all for the Ministerial
Level Meeting of the Fourth Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia. On behalf of our
Minister of Science and Technology, General Chetta Thanajaro, who has been preoccupied at home, please let me extend his apologies to you. I would also like to thankthe Atomic Energy Commission of Japan for their support in organizing this meetingon such an important and timely subject: Enhancement of Socio-Economic Impact ofRadiation and Isotope Application and Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy;
as well as their kind invitation extended to Thailand to participate in the meeting.
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen;
I would like to take this opportunity to briefly present to you the efforts andprogresses related to peaceful utilization of atomic energy in Thailand at the current
time. Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED) in 1992, the world community has increasing concerns on human safety andclean environmet, of which safe utilization of atomic energy is identified as a global
issue. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has then been working closelywith its Member States, including Thailand, on upgrading of radiation protection
infrastructure to ensure proper and timely implementation of its International Basic
Safety Standards. The major recommendation given to Thailand was to urgently
establish proper national infrastructure for radiation protection, of which regulatory
authority was to be independently managed from the management of operators – usersof radiation sources. In early 2001, one of the new Government’s major policies was torestructure the government bureaucracy to be more efficient and better meet the needs
4th FNCA Summary Report47

Country Reportof major populace. The Government agreed later to separate the policy and planning,and safety and safeguards regulation functions of the Office of Atomic Energy for Peace(OAEP) from the promotional research and development functions. At the beginning of
October 2002, the OAEP was renamed the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) and remains
as a government bureaucrat. The promotional research and development functions will
be re-organized to be a new public agency called Thailand Institute of Nuclear
Technology (TINT). Meanwhile, this has been delayed, awaiting for the new legislationfor establishing a new agency to be promulgated. At present, both organizations aremanaged under the same management arrangement of the OAP.
The present organization of OAP consists of the following four bureaux:- Bureau of Atomic Energy Administration,- Bureau of Radiation Safety Regulation,- Bureau of Nuclear Safety Regulation, and- Bureau of Technical Support for Safety Regulation.
In the meantime, OAP has also been assigned to temporarily manage research anddevelopment activities of the former OAEP as follows:- Radioactive Waste Management Programme,- Radio-isotopes Production Programme,- Research Reactor and Nuclear Technology Operation Programme,- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Programme,- Irradiation for Agriculture Programme,- Chemistry and Material Science Research Programme, and- Physics and Advanced Technology Research Programme
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen;
As most of you are aware, one of the major projects of OAP is the new Ongkharak
Nuclear Research Center Establishment Project (ONRC), comprising of three major
facilities, namely
10 Megawatt TRIGA research reactor, radioisotope andradiopharmaceutical production facility, and centralized radioactive waste processing
and storage facility. Thailand has invested substantially amount of time and resources
to this project, of which the contract was awarded to General Atomics (GA) of USA.
While the contractor has undertaking its responsible works, OAP struggled long andhard in obtaining the Construction Permit (CP). So far, about 95% of detailed design ofthe buildings and systems has been completed. And we are now pleased to update youthat the CP has been granted on 29th September. The construction of the major
facilities is expected to take place in the near future. Hopefully, ONRC will be the
4th FNCA Summary Report48

Country Reportmajor research and development center for nuclear science and technology in Thailand.
It will also contribute to the close cooperation on nuclear science and technology forpeace and security with the international community.
Socio-Economic Impact of Radiation and Radioisotopes Application
Over 40 years, the Thai society has benefited from the safe use of radiation andradioisotopes application. This has increasingly contributed to the improvement ofquality of life of the Thai people in terms of agriculture, health and medicine, industry
and environment. Under the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA), Thailand
is proud that successes have been achieved in various sectors.
Research Reactor
The progresses of utilization of research reactor in Thailand are as follows:
Tc-99m generator
Thailand performed the experiments for evaluation the performance of Poly
Zirconium Compound (PZC) as a column packing material for 99Mo/99mTc generator
from (n, γ) 99Mo. The 99Mo/99mTc generator using PZC material and irradiatednatural molybdenum performed the satisfied result of the generator characteristics
which could be developed as an alternative technology for 99Mo/99mTc generator
production.
It is strongly believed that in the near future this technology will be establishedand utilized under the framework of the FNCA which will benefit the countries
operating small research reactors to overcome the difficulties in producing 99Mo/99mTc
generator.
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
Thailand has conducted a monitoring study of urban air pollution in downtown
Bangkok to support the use of nuclear related techniques for research andmonitoring studies on air pollution. OAP realizes the usefulness and advantage ofusing Ko method for analysis of air particulate matters. However, we are not readyto follow the recommendation made by the NAA group in the last workshop in
Beijing as we do not have any software program nor expertise in the method. To
enable us to further participate in this project, a special support from FNCA or someother related organization, e.g. MEXT is needed. It is considered that an expert in
Ko-NAA may be invited to Thailand to conduct experiments using local facilities.
As a whole, the effectiveness and capability of our facility can be evaluated before
any decision is made.
Neutron Scattering (NS)Thailand, with the cooperation of Prof. Hasegawa of Kyoto University, had
4th FNCA Summary Report49Country Report
prepared samples for the study of the morphology of natural rubber under strain innatural rubber-thermoplastic elastomer (NR-TPE). Twenty - one samples were sent
to JAERI for the preliminary measurement using Small Angle Neutron Scattering(SANS). Deuteration of substituted polymers might be considered to increase thecontrast of pattern.
Agriculture
Mutation Breeding
Mutation breeding has been the major activity in the agricultural field. New
mutant varieties of Canna and Chrysanthemum were released by Kasetsart
University. Dissemination of mutation technique and nuclear technology inagriculture to the public were conducted via workshops and media, such as TV, radio,
newsletters and newspapers. Research works on plant mutation breeding havebeen carried out by collaboration of some research institutes under the “National
Framework” set up by the Sub Committee on Agricultural Applications under theThai Atomic Energy Commission for Peace. The target crops are food crops, fruit
trees, aquatic plants, vegetables and ornamentals. The objective of mutant varies,
depending on the specific plants. Following the success of the First Multilateral
Research Program (MRP-1), Thailand will be one of the six countries participating in
the Second Multilateral Research Program (MRP-2) concerning “Insect Resistance inOrchids”.
Bio-fertilizer
Progress activities on bio-fertilizer in Thailand included the investigation of thebeneficial microorganisms in Thailand soil on leguminous plant growing area,collection and selection of effective strains for bio-fertilizer purpose. The inoculum
production techniques were studied. The research program also included the
production techniques for mycorrhizal fungi by studying the suitable media andcarrier and using radiation to enhance growth promotion of fungi in the media.
Medical Use
Radiation Oncology
After completing the project of radiation and radioisotopes application for medical
use in radiation therapy for stage IIIB cervical cancer patients, the guidebook inradiation therapy and radiation physics for cervical cancer were established anddistributed to hospitals and institutes of participating countries. The second
protocol on Accelerated Hyperfractionation (AHF) for stage IIIB cervical cancer
started in the year 2000 was closed at the end of 2002 and the follow-up result isbeing evaluated.

4th FNCA Summary Report50Country Report
Public Information
To enhance public information activities for nuclear energy, Thailand has been
disseminating the information to the public via various means of mass communication.
OAP has hired consultant companies as advisors for conducting the public relations
activity starting from the year 1999 up to now. The joint survey of high school
students on their understanding of radiation and its applications was also carried out.
Thailand enjoys the benefit of using the information network “AsiaNNet” after it wasestablished by FNCA. With the assistance of the FNCA and its Member States,
Thailand has continued to promote the peaceful and safe uses of nuclear technology inthe country.
Radioactive Waste Management
The achievement of the Spent Radiation Source (SRS) Management Task Group
sub-project in Thailand (August 2001) under FNCA framework was proven mutually
beneficial. The project was continued in 2002 and Indonesia and Korea were thevoluntary countries. An expert from Radioactive Waste Management Division, OAP
was invited to present the progress of SRS Management in Thailand and theexperience from the radiological accident (spent Co-60 tele-therapy source) in the
Discussion/Survey Meeting on SRS Management in Korea. As for activities related toradioactive waste management in Thailand, the code of practice and the radioactive
waste management regulation were drafted and proposed to the cabinet for approval
and to be promulgated as a ministerial regulation. The safety awareness inradioactive waste management in the country was improved.
Nuclear Safety Culture
The safety culture was recognized as one of the key factors to prevent nuclear andradiation accidents. All type of activities with respect to safety culture including
awareness, commitment, motivation, supervision and responsibility have been
seriously reviewed and being set as practices. Thailand expects to have more safety
culture training to provoke individual awareness both users and operators and toprevent any incidents originated from nuclear facilities and radioactive materials.
Human-Resources Development
Strengthening human resources is an important factor for the development of
nuclear technology applications. Thailand has Bilateral Agreement between OAP and
JAERI on human resources development in nuclear field. Follow-up training courses
on radiation protection were conducted under this agreement. Joint training courses
on nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness were proposed for the extended
agreement. A survey for human resources development in nuclear field was carriedout in order to identify the needs and areas of development. Thailand was also pleased
to host the Workshop on FNCA Human Resources Development last October.
4th FNCA Summary Report51

Country ReportIndustrial Application
Application of Low Energy Electron Accelerator
The main subject of the year 2002 workshop is on liquid system irradiation.
Although Thailand has no electron accelerator to undertake research or developmenton radiation technology, most of the experiment can be done by Co-60 gamma
irradiation. Current status on radiation treatment of liquid samples in Thailand isin laboratory scale, market trial scale and commercial scale. The main purpose is toupgrade and add value to natural agricultural and marine originated products.
Thailand participates in this project through the Bilateral Agreement between OAP
and JAERI and MEXT Program. Numbers of our scientists have had opportunity toexperience the use of electron accelerator at Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research
Establishment (TRCRE) in executing their experiments in comparison with gamma
irradiation.
Strengthening Linkage Between National Research Sectors and End-users, Including
Industry
The success of nuclear science and technology development cannot be achieved onlyin the laboratory. Its results should be extended to the end-users, generatingproductive output and outcome to the society. To enable this, linkage between variousorganizations should be encouraged to have very closed-link, between R&D
organizations and educational institutes and industry. Also, demonstration andtransfer of technology should be arranged for the potential clients or end-users toensure them of the technology benefits in increasing the quality of their products andservices.
OAP has a plan to establish a Business Development Unit (BDU) to serve as a bridge
between the research and development arm of the newly established Thailand Instituteof Nuclear Technology (TINT) and potential end-users. This is an important task forestablishing and maintaining self-reliance and sustainability. In preparation, businessplanning for this unit is underway. A training course on leadership for about 50
scientists and engineers was conducted using local lecturers. Business planning andgood management and marketing practices for staffs from across the technical,
scientific and administrative sides will be conducted in the first quarter of 2004. The
experience of the self-reliant institutes will be of great uses to institutes that have not
yet achieved self-reliance. Assistance under this Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in
Asia is required.

Strengthening Regional Cooperation
4th FNCA Summary Report52Country Report
Clearly, appropriate mechanisms are needed to help FNCA member countries
respond effectively to the growing demands of nuclear related technology application.
But how quickly such mechanisms are formed and how well they perform will depend,
to a large extent, on the individual circumstances of each country, its strength andweaknesses. We are gathering here to combine our diverse strengths to meet thechallenges facing our region. In line with FNCA’s theme, I would like to emphasize thatstrong partnership is vital in order to achieve the goals of “achieving stability, security
and prosperity for our region” we set out amidst the rapidly changing international
environment. Further strengthening effective mechanisms of cooperation, through
FNCA, IAEA/RCA or Scientist Exchange Programs of Japan, will also of great help, notonly to facilitate better regional cooperation and investment, but also to protect oursocieties against threats to their security, while preparing them to benefit fully fromthe sustainable development and nuclear energy.
Sustainable Development and Nuclear Energy
The reorganization of national infrastructure is considered strategic for sustainable
development. The OAP’s roles in policy coordination and strategic plan development forpeaceful utilization of atomic energy in Thailand will be strengthened to support thedevelopment for national and international peace and security and for national socioeconomic development. The single regulatory role is to be also strengthened to ensure
reducing risks and increasing benefits of nuclear technology application in the
country. However, further strengthening OAP’s roles both on internationally accepted
standards and measures are to be incorporated in management strategy of OAP.
Revision of the present Atomic Energy for Peace Act (1962) is required to incorporate
new major elements to facilitate flexibility and effectiveness of the Act for OAP toenforce both national compliance of the NPT regime and safe regulations in compliancewith the international standards and measures set out by the IAEA.
Likewise, in terms of research and development, and utilization of nuclear
technology, the new Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) is consideredstrategic. TINT will be established with corporate-like management arrangement fromwhich its businesses are carried out with partners from both public and private sectors.
The current Ministerial Policy calls for TINT to redirect its mission to support export ofagricultural produce through irradiation and development of Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs). Its main research tools are research reactors and irradiation
facilities.
Nuclear Power: Utilization of atomic energy for electricity generation has been provento be an essential source of primary energy to secure sustainable electricity production
all over the world. For Thailand, as it is well recognized that energy is one of the
4th FNCA Summary Report53Country Reportimportant factors for economic development of the country, a feasibility study of
nuclear power plants was conducted years ago. As a result, the study outcome showedthat it was untimely yet for Thailand to launch the nuclear power program due toinappropriate economical situation and the higher cost both for construction andoperation. However, nuclear power remains an option for future energy development inThailand and the public consent is required. In order to be prepared, OAP and theElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) has cooperated in launching
periodically a number of PI and PA programs on nuclear related technology application
as well as nuclear power to the public.

Conclusion
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen;
We reaffirms the primacy of the FNCA cooperation system, and confides that it offers
the potential for real gains for all societies and economies, particularly developing
countries, through the reform and improvement of agriculture, health and medicine,industry and environment. Thailand gives our strong and consistent support forcontinuing the valuable work done under the FNCA programs.
Thank you for your attention.

4th FNCA Summary Report54Country Report

1-4-3 Country Report of the PhilippinesbyHonorable Dr. Estrella Fagela Alabastro
Minister
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)Mr. Chairman
Excellencies
Distinguished Delegates
Ladies and Gentlemen:
It is a great pleasure and an honor for me to participate in the Fourth Forum for
Nuclear Cooperation in Asia. On behalf of the Philippine Government, my delegation
and I thank the Government of Japan for inviting us to this Forum. It gives me great
pleasure to have the opportunity again to share our experience in harnessing scienceand technology particularly nuclear technology to uplift the lives of the general
populace.
Mr. Chairman

The development agenda of the Philippine Government is strongly anchored on thegoals of economic growth accompanied by social equity and ecological responsibility forthe present and future generations of Filipinos.
The national science and technology policies and programs support this development
agenda by addressing pressing national problems, supporting industry especially thesmall and medium scale enterprises (SMEs), accelerating technology transfer andutilization, supporting human resource development and S & T infrastructure, andpromoting/popularizing science and technology.
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is giving priority to two
important programs : The Small Enterprise technology Upgrading Program or
SETUP and Technological Innovation Commercialization Program or TECHNICOM .
SETUP is a nationwide program designed to upgrade the productivity of small andmedium enterprises (SME) through technology application/upgrading. Under this
4th FNCA Summary Report55

Country Reportprogram, enterprises in the regions/provinces, whether in the agricultural,
manufacturing or service sector are being provided with the appropriate technology
upgrading assistance and services in an integrated manner. The socio-economic benefit
accruing from this program is the development of the countryside.
TECHNICOM is designed to facilitate technological innovation enterprise spin offs.
It is a holistic and comprehensive package of focused assistance to fast track thecommercial scale adoption or utilization of innovations in priority areas. The program
hopes to stimulate technological innovation, strengthen the R & D capacity of SMEs,
increase private sector adoption and commercialization of government-initiated R & D
activities, and maximize benefits from government investments in R & D activities.
Mr. Chairman
Nuclear science and technology is an important component of the national S & T
system, and will continue to play a significant role in the socio-economic andtechnological development of the country. It has developed its niche in the priority
areas of agriculture, health, biotechnology, earth and marine sciences, energy,materials science, manufacturing and process engineering and environment. Allow me
to cite some developments relating to these applications.
In the agricultural sector, our Department of Agriculture has just constituted an
Experts Group for the evaluation of the Commercial Use of Irradiation for Agricultural
Food Products. Chaired by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) , theExperts Group has been tasked initially to evaluate the commercial application ofirradiation as a quarantine treatment for Philippine fruits. In the area of mutation
breeding, the PNRI conducted an Open Lecture in conjunction with the Workshop of
the FNCA Mutation Breeding project last September 2003.
As a result of its
participation in the Open lecture, one leading ornamental company in Mindanao has
used our Irradiation Facility.
In the health sector, more nuclear medicine laboratories, radiotherapy centers, andtissue banks have been established in both private and government hospitals. A new
medical cyclotron and PET center was inaugurated in 2001 in a private hospital, andhas since served the needs of cancer patients.
New radioisotopes such as
Rhenium-188 are now being tested for special types of cancer with the assistance of the
IAEA.
Philippine participation in the FNCA Project on Radiation Oncology isfacilitating the development of the best protocols in the treatment of our cancer
patients, particularly those afflicted with uterine cervix cancer and nasopharyngeal
cancer.

4th FNCA Summary Report56Country Report
On the environment, the Philippines has led a regional effort to provide a moresensitive , faster, and cheaper assay of saxitoxin, the key toxin in harmful algal blooms.
The Philippines is upscaling its procedure for the radiolabeling of the toxin.
Through the use of nuclear and analytical techniques, the PNRI maintains a databaseon fine particulate data in Metro Manila, the first of its kind in the country, which canbe used to obtain information on the major sources of pollution.
Through isotope
techniques, characterization of the groundwater systems was accomplished for Davao
City, a city envisioned to be the premier socio-economic and tourism growth center for
the whole of Mindanao. Such information could be used to provide data to decision
makers and water managers for delineating watershed protection zones andundertaking preventive measures to abate drinking water quality degradation.
These are only examples of our inroads in nuclear science and technology. We willcontinue to promote the applications of nuclear technology in our priority areas ofconcern where it has the added advantage over conventional technologies.
Mr. Chairman
Trained manpower is an important element for the successful and sustainable
implementation of long-term national nuclear programs.
The Philippines’ HRD
strategy will place a strong emphasis on the following:1) nuclear science & technology education in schools and universities (nuclear S & T
for the young generation,2) role of international cooperation,3) new techniques for education and training,4) preservation of expertise.
With regards to international cooperation, the Philippines reiterates its proposal forthe sharing of expertise in the region, making extensive use of IT or cyberlearning. The
Philippines also supports all the recommendations of the FNCA 2003 Workshop on
HRD, which includes the proposal that the Scientist Exchange program of MEXT be
expanded to include M.S. and Ph.D. academic programmes in the nuclear field.
Mr. Chairman
The FNCA projects which we are participating in are progressing according to theproject milestones. The Philippines would like to reaffirm her strong commitment to
the FNCA. In this regard, we would like to offer to host the Workshop on Radiation
Oncology in 2004, and the Workshop on Nuclear Safety Culture in 2005. We would
consider it our privilege to host the 9th FNCA in 2008.
4th FNCA Summary Report57Country Report
In conclusion, we would like to state that we firmly believe that nuclear science andtechnology provide unique inputs towards providing a better quality of life for the Asia
and Pacific region, especially the developing country member states.
Thesustainability of nuclear science and technology in the region will depend to a large
extent on the open and forthright cooperation among the countries in the region. The
FNCA has proven to be a mature vehicle for fostering such cooperation.
It is our hope that it will be the continuing resolve of the FNCA participating
countries to contributed to its continue growth and strength.
My wishes for a successful Meeting.

4th FNCA Summary Report58Country Report

1-4-4 Country Report of Malaysia“National Science and Technology Policy for Development and Competitiveness and FNCA
Activities”
by
The Honourable Dato' Law Hieng Ding
Minister of Science, Technology and the Environment

Mr. Chairman
Distinguished Delegates
Ladies and Gentlemen
1. It gives me great pleasure to congratulate you, Mr. Chairman, your colleagues andthe Government of Japan for organising the fourth Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in
Asia (FNCA) in Okinawa this year. On behalf of the Government of Malaysia, mydelegation and I officially thank the Government of Japan for kindly inviting us to thisforum. It is indeed an honour for us, and gives the opportunity to share with you our
experience in the sustainable development and application of nuclear science andtechnology in Malaysia. Today I will share with you our experience in Science andTechnology Policy for Development and Competitiveness.
Mr. Chairman
2. Today we live in a globalised world, a world that is highly competitive andincreasingly becoming borderless. The changes that are taking place today demandthat government and industries to be innovative and creative to improve ourcompetitive edges. With the shift towards knowledge-based economy, the ability of anation to continuously enhance proficiency in science, technology and innovation is
becoming more important.
3. In a competitive market economy, the ability to exploit Science and Technology(S&T) is becoming strategically important and decisive for the economic performance of
Malaysia. Besides playing a critical role in social, environmental and health careprogrammes, sustainable development and job creation, S&T is expected to transformthe nation, so that it adapts to the knowledge-based economy. The rapid developmentof capability and capacity in S&T is therefore needed to enable the country to sustain
its economic growth in the future in line with the requirement of our Vision 2020.
4th FNCA Summary Report59Country Report
Mr. Chairman
4. Malaysia first introduced the Science and Technology Policy in 1986 followed by
the Industrial Technology Development Action Plan in 1990. Within a span of 20
years, among other things Malaysia has successfully integrated S&T in the national
development plan, strengthening out S&T infrastructure, built up human resources for
S&T and establishing funding mechanism for R&D. Science and technology offers
Malaysia its greatest opportunity to turn ideas and creativity into highly competitive
business in the 21st. century. The Nation is at critical phase for its economic
development , where sustained growth and prosperity depend on how quickly
technology and innovation are applied across both the traditional and new industry
such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and biotechnology.
Proficiency in S&T is imperative if Malaysia aspires to be an advanced and affluent
nation.
5. The Government has undertaken a review of the S&T Policy and has launched theSecond National Science and Technology Policy and Plan of Action in June 2003. It
was formulated to create a conducive environment to further spur the development ofscience and technology and hence Malaysia’s competitiveness. The Second S&T Policy
focused on strengthening research and technological capacity and capability in
Malaysia with emphasis on commercialisation of research outputs, strengthening ofinstitutional framework and management of S&T. Central to all these strategic thrusts
is the need to bring government, industry , universities and public research
institutions together in a synergistic partnership.
Mr. Chairman
6. The Second S&T Policy has identified seven key strategic thrusts to transform thecountry into knowledge-driven economy so as to maximise economic and social return.
They are as follows:
・ Strengthening research and technological capacity and capability
・ Promoting commercialization of research outputs
・ Developing human resource capacity and capability
・ Promoting a culture for science, innovation and techno-entrepreneurship・ Strengthening institutional framework and management of S&T and monitoringof S&T policy implementation
・ Ensuring widespread diffusion and application of technology, leading toenhanced market-driven R&D to adapt and improve technologies, and・ Building competence for specialization in key emerging technologies.
4th FNCA Summary Report60Country Report
7. To support the implementation of these strategic thrusts, the government had
also identified 55 action plans or specific initiatives. The implementation of theSecond S&T Policy will involve a large financial outlay by the government. However,
the government is committed to provide the allocation needed for such purposes.

Mr. Chairman
8. May I now turn to our regional cooperation under the FNCA framework. In
this regards, let me from the very outset express our satisfaction with the steadyprogress and achievement made so far. Malaysia has participated in all the activities
conducted under FNCA framework and has benefited in strengthening our national
nuclear technology capability to enhance our socio-economic and well-being. In thisrespect we will continue to actively participate in FNCA programmes and activities in
the future. We are very pleased that even though there were some problems affecting
the region recently such as the outbreak of SARS, we still managed to carry out all
the activities of the FNCA as scheduled. For Malaysia, this year we have successfully
hosted two FNCA activities namely the Workshop on Application of Electron
Accelerator and also receiving an expert mission from Task Force on TENORM, both ofthem in August. As for the future, Malaysia would like to host the FNCA Workshop on
Human Resource Development next year and in 2005 to host Workshop on Mutation
Breeding to coincide with the completion of the gamma green house facility for chronic
irradiation at MINT. We also would like to offer Malaysia as the venue for the seventh
FNCA Meeting in 2006.
Mr. Chairman
9. As the cooperation under the FNCA framework has produced some good results tobenefit all the participating countries under the existing programmes, it is logical that
we should explore to continue to build up from our success and cooperate in other new
nuclear technology areas of common interest to the region. In this regards Malaysia
would like to propose a new project on the Expansion of Nuclear Medicine Services:
Medical Application and Usage of Positron Emission Tomography, Cyclotron andRadioisotopes. Malaysia is embarking on the expansion of nuclear medicine services in
the country to include the use of PET and very short-lived radioisotopes andradiopharmaceuticals to enhance health care services in the country. The introductionof this programme is not only for the routine clinical use at the hospitals, but it will
also include the support from nuclear research institution in the development of special
radiopharmaceuticals and in ensuring the safety aspect. In addition the support from4th FNCA Summary Report61Country Report
R&D is also required to enhance the programme. We believe many countries in theregion will be interested in this area of cooperation that will contribute towards
enhancing the quality of life of the people and the cooperation under FNCA is best
suited for the above purpose.
Mr. Chairman
10. In conclusion, I would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Government ofJapan for it’s tremendous effort in making the cooperation under FNCA successful. Let
me assure you once again our continual support and commitment to ensure the successof the regional nuclear cooperation under the FNCA framework in the future.
Thank you for your attention.

4th FNCA Summary Report62Country Report

1-4-5 Country Report of Korea
by
H.E.Dr. Ho-Koon Park
Minister
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

Prof. Yoichi Fuji-ie, Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission,
H.E. Mr. Dato’ Law Hieng Ding, Minister of Science, Technology and Environment,
Malaysia
Her Execellency Dr. Estrella Fagela Alabastro, Minister of Science and Technology,
The Philippines,
H.E. Mr. Zhang Huazhu, Chairman of China Atomic Energy Authority,
Distinguished Delegates from the FNCA Member Countries;
It is my great pleasure to attend this Fourth FNCA Ministerial Meeting here in
Okinawa. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Government of Japan,
the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, and the Okinawa Prefecture for organizing thismeeting so excellently.
Taking this opportunity, as the host of the Third FNCA Ministerial Meeting in Seoulin October 2002, I would like to thank all the FNCA Member Countries for theirvaluable support in leading the Third FNCA Seoul Ministerial Meeting to a successful
conclusion.
At the last FNCA Meeting in Seoul, we shared our views on the necessity for nuclear
knowledge preservation as a preparatory measure for inducing the second nuclear
Renaissance. We formulated a high level task group for the human resources survey.
We also emphasized the importance of cooperation in the areas of radiation application,
research reactor training and medical technology development with benefits for abetter life in Asia. Korea proposed to establish an “Asian Mutual Fund for Nuclear
Liability” for securing a compensation mechanism related to the operation of nuclear
power plants.
Distinguished Delegates;

4th FNCA Summary Report63Country Report
Nuclear energy has been one of the most important energy option in the past, present
and it will be in the future. To this end, world nuclear community is pursuing extensive
global collaboration. While past nuclear technology has grown on a national basis,
various atomic energy international joint development schemes are under negotiation.
Generation-IV reactor program is progressing through the International Forum(GIF) since 2001 with the participation of 10 countries from around the world. This
program is preparing for a future reactor to be used as one of the major energy sourcesin 2030.
IAEA also initiated an innovative reactor project, called INPRO(International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles), which collects
users’ requirements for the new reactor concept and explores technology informationexchange system among the IAEA’s Member States. The ITER (International
Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) project for fusion energy is another challenge
for all of us. It is now at the final stage of consultation for a site selection and roleassignment.
Based upon the accumulation of nuclear science and technology during the past 50
years, the world expects a wide spectrum of atomic energy applications in the 21st
century. They are seawater desalination, district heating, hydrogen production alongwith electricity production, and radiation technology (RT). Especially, the RT market
is forecasted to be up to 1.2 trillion US dollars in 2010.
The scope for the utilization of radiation and radioisotope will be expanded into not
only water resources management, food preservation, environmental protection andpublic health, but also technology fusion with the promising high-tech areas of BT, NT,
IT and ST.
Distinguished Delegates;
Let me now introduce a brief overview on the atomic energy development of Korea
since the 2002 meeting.
Nuclear energy has been one of the major growth engines for the Korean economy.
Korea has 18 nuclear power plants in commercial operation supplying 40% of thenation's electricity. 8 more nuclear power plants will be constructed by 2015. 4 units
will be the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants with a capacity of 1,000MWe, and 4
units will be the Advanced Power Reactor with a capacity of 1400MWe (APR1400).
In the case of small and medium sized nuclear reactors, active research efforts havebeen devoted to the 300MW System integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor (SMART)
4th FNCA Summary Report64Country Reportprogram. SMART can be utilized for seawater desalination as well as power production.
Its pilot plant will be commissioned by 2008. Currently, the Korea/Indonesia/IAEA triparty cooperation project for SMART’s feasibility on the Madura Island is under
implementation. Korea is ready to share SMART-related technology and experience
with Member States of the FNCA.
Furthermore Korea strives for expediting RT development. Currently, Electron
accelerator technology for industrial wastewater purification is being commercialized.
The pilot plant with a capacity of treating 1,000 tons of dye wastewater will be
constructed in collaboration with the IAEA. The Korea/IAEA joint training center forelectron accelerator application is to be opened to all IAEA Member States.
In the area of the safety and security of radioactive source materials, Korea has
designed a tracking method using the Global Positioning System (GPS) attached toradiological source containers. We hope the FNCA Member States will join this newreal time detection system against the lost radiation source materials.
Recently, Korea has enacted two new legislations to cope with the changing
environment of atomic energy. The "Law on Radiation and Radioisotope", promulgatedin December 2002, aims at promoting the utilization of RT.

And, the "Law on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Facilities and the
Measures for a Radiological Emergency", enacted in May 2003, provides a legal
framework to help prevent nuclear terror and to establish a nation-wide radiologicalemergency management system.
Honorable Ministers and Distinguished Delegates;
Now, I would like to touch upon the future directions on atomic energy cooperation in
Asia.
As I mentioned earlier, RT needs higher attention, especially, in medical diagnosis
and therapy. The establishment of a stable production and distribution system ofradioisotopes is an essential part for radiation utilization. In this regards, Korea
proposes we consider the joint construction of a medical isotope producer (MIP) to be
used exclusively for the production of radioisotopes for our common prosperity.
In our region, we are aware that every Member State has its own strong R&D area
and related large-scale research facility. Korea has a 30MW multipurpose HANARO
research reactor, the 1GeV Pohang Light Source Accelerator and the Korea4th FNCA Summary Report65Country ReportSuperconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (K-STAR) facility. Korea suggests the
FNCA devise a Regional Resources Management Function to assist in the sharing of
the large-scale research facilities in Asia. This activity will enable us to stimulate ourcooperation spirit among the FNCA Member States and achieve the utmost efficiency
from our regional atomic energy R&D capacity.
Last but not least, I would like to reemphasize the importance of education for the
next generation. Korea hopes the "Asian Nuclear Students Interchange Program" forfostering young atomic energy specialists in our region be developed. Through this newacademic network, I believe future young nuclear students in Asia will be able to study
at any competent academic institution in their interested subject areas.
Distinguished Delegates;
When Korea was faced with a financial crisis several years ago, nuclear energy
continued to provide us with a stable supply of electricity at a low cost. That was the
major driving force behind Korea overcoming the crisis in such a short period of time.
This proved to us that nuclear is a realistic energy source with the characteristicenergy security.
The economic growth rate of Asia was around 6.4% in 2002. Asia is the fastest
growing region in the world. Nuclear energy will surely serve as an engine putting the
Asian economy on a solid foundation. Korea is very willing to share its expertise andexperiences in the developing nuclear energy technologies with the other Asian
countries.
With these remarks, I would like to appreciate once again the dedicated efforts ofJapan in preparing this 4th meeting as a successful forum.
Thank you very much.

4th FNCA Summary Report66Country Report

1-4-6 Country Report of Japanby
H.E. Mr. Toshimitsu Motegi
Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy

Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy
Japan has consistently placed the nuclear fuel cycle at the heart of its nuclear policy– from the dawn, in fact, of its nuclear development in the 1950’s. In the first LongTerm Program for Nuclear Research, Development and Utilization, issued in 1956 by
the then-new Atomic Energy Commission, it was expressly stated that, “in order toestablish the fuel cycle in the future, matched to the realities of the nation, Japan will
endeavor to develop and improve technologies, including those for breeder reactors andnuclear fuel reprocessing.” Our effort today is a continuation of one begun nearly five
decades ago.
Without nuclear power, Japan’s rate of energy self-sufficiency would be a mere 4%.
We have virtually no natural energy resources. As a result, not only must we depend
on nuclear power for our energy security; we must utilize uranium resources as fullyand effectively as possible. In that sense, we view recycled nuclear fuel – plutonium –as a “quasi-domestic” energy resource.
In addition, the threat posed by global warming is now well recognizedinternationally. Along with other nations, we are committed to the fight against
global warming, and nuclear power generation – which emits no carbon dioxide in thegeneration process – is, for that reason, too, an important energy source for Japan.
In October of this year, a new document, Japan’s first “Basic Plan for Energy Supply
and Demand,” was approved by the cabinet. It positions nuclear generation as a key
power source for Japan, and restates the nation’s commitment to establishing thenuclear fuel cycle.
The final target in Japan’s nuclear-fuel-cycle program is introduction of fast breeder
reactors for the use and creation of plutonium. Because it will still take some time,
however, to bring fast breeder reactors to the stage of commercial operation, we arepromoting the burning of MOX fuel in light water reactors as the first step toward thefuller use of plutonium in time.
Current State of Nuclear Power Generation
Unfortunately, recent years have seen a number of mishaps, missteps and othersetbacks – one after another – in Japan’s nuclear power generation and fuel-cycle
4th FNCA Summary Report67Country Reportprograms. As a result, public confidence in all things nuclear has been severely
damaged.
Starting last year and continuing, as a result of falsifications of records of selfinspections at nuclear power stations and other occurrences, the operation of a numberof nuclear power reactors has been suspended pending confirmation of their safety.
Those reactors have been returned to service one by one as safety has been confirmed,
but overall availability factor has been reduced.
Similarly, as a result of people’s distrust in MOX fuel, which arose from afalsification of data by the overseas manufacturer in 1999, Japanese utilities have yet
to load it in any of their light water reactors, and that program, too, is substantiallydelayed. As for the fast breeder prototype reactor “Monju”, because of a sodium
leakage in 1995 and so on, prospects for resuming operation of the reactor remain
unclear. Last January, a High Court pronounced a judgment that it was confirmedthat the license for establishment of “Monju” was invalid. But the case is being
appealed to the Supreme Court.
Although the circumstances are thus difficult, what is most important now is steadyeffort toward recovering people’s confidence in nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle.
Toward that end, the Atomic Energy Commission issued a report titled “The Nuclear
Fuel Cycle” this past August, in order to promote better understanding by the nation of
the fuel cycle program.
As to fast breeder reactors, the final target in our fuel-cycle effort, our present
intention is to remodel “Monju” and put it back into operation. With recognition that
“Monju” is, as well, an important facility for the study of fast breeder reactors, we alsoplan cooperative research and international exchange activities.
Similarly, the basic plan for merging two nuclear entities – the Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute and the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute – was finalized
last September, and includes international cooperation as a major obligation of the new,combined entity.
Nuclear Energy and the International Community
Japan’s absolute commitment in its utilization of nuclear energy is to exclusively
peaceful use. This is embodied in domestic policies and laws, and in international
treaties and bilateral agreements by which Japan abides. Japan has a declared policyof not holding surplus plutonium – plutonium for no specific purpose. This past
August, the Atomic Energy Commission – on Japan’s own initiative – issued its “Basic
Principles for the Utilization of Plutonium in Japan” in an attempt to further improvetransparency.
In order to develop peaceful uses of nuclear energy, sustaining and strengthening thenuclear non-proliferation regime is of paramount of importance. The IAEA Additional
Protocol strengthens its capabilities in inspection by enlarging the scope of information
4th FNCA Summary Report68Country Report
to be provided to it, and by implementing “complementary access”. In cooperation
with the IAEA, Japan continues to make efforts toward the universalization of
Additional Protocols. Japan requests nations represented in this forum that have notyet concluded an Additional Protocol to do so soon.
Advanced Nuclear Science and Engineering
In the area of nuclear fusion, for which expectations are high as a future energy
source, the ITER Project, an international fusion energy project, is being promoted
among its participants. Japan welcomes participation of China and Korea in the
project this year, giving further momentum toward the international cooperation.
Japan is determined to make a meaningful and significant contribution to therealization of ITER, and has proposed Rokkasho-mura, in Aomori prefecture, as an
ITER site.
Under the FNCA, eleven cooperative projects in eight fields are being carried out.
The positive use of radiation is something all countries are highly interested in. The
FNCA projects have seen some successful results, including the establishment of a
protocol for cancer therapy using radiation, and the wider use of that protocol. More
projects in medicine, industry and agriculture will be implemented, their results, too,
expected to be beneficial to all countries.
Under a unique FNCA project on public information, the results of an awarenesssurvey by questionnaire on nuclear energy and radiation are now being consolidated.
In Japan, we must make efforts in particular to help the younger generation
understand radiation and its uses better and more accurately.
Closing
The vision of the FNCA is to contribute to the development of societies and economies
through active partnerships in the region, on the basis of mutual understanding andcooperation. In Asia, conditions in each country are different, and it is necessary thatcooperation among nations take those differences into account. Japan supports selfhelp efforts toward technological development by individual countries. In this way,each country can independently achieve its own research and development capabilities,
and successful uses of nuclear science and technology.
Japan will continue to promote international cooperation in Asia through the FNCA
and other frameworks.

4th FNCA Summary Report69Country Report

1-4-7 Country Report of Indonesia“Indonesian Policy on the Development and Utilization of Nuclear Energy”
by
M. Hatta Rajasa
State Minister for Research and Technology

Excellencies,
Distinguished Delegates,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is indeed a great pleasure and an honor for me to be invited on behalf of mycountry, Indonesia, to participate again in this distinguished Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia. Please kindly allow me, first of all, to express my deep appreciation
to the Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy of Japan, and Prof. Yoichi
FUJIIE, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan. This fourth Forumenables me to express my views and hopes that this cooperation would be fruitful for all
member countries and it certainly is for Indonesia.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
As I have mentioned last year a law regarding the National System for Research,
Development, and Application of Science and Technology has been enacted by theIndonesian Parliament to be the Law no 18, 2002. This law is expected to strengthen,among others, the role of science and technology for accelerating the achievement ofvarious objectives set by our country. The final drafts of government regulations as thederivatives of this law have been completed and are expected to be the instruments toimplement the law to contribute solutions on the economic recovery. Furthermore, theMinistry of Research and Technology is now step wisely having more solid coordination program among research and development institutions, universities, as wellas with the industries and NGOs to set the “Landmarks 2020”, which are focused at the
supply security of food and energy, the two most essential objects for not only survival,
but also for wealth creation to sustain the development.
Ladies and Gentlemen,

4th FNCA Summary Report70Country Report
Security of supply of food for the whole nation is a basic needs that should befacilitated by the Indonesian government. In this regard, the Ministry of Research andTechnology Office has to establish a road-map on R & D activities to be carried out by
all of the R&D institutions sinergistically. One of those activities is the application of
nuclear technology in the field of agriculture, such as irradiation induced new mutantsof crops, improvement of growth and quality of the ruminansia animals, and also post
harvest technology utilizing irradiation techniques. These are indeed congruent withactivities of the IAEA as well as FNCA.
In Indonesia, the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), in cooperation with the
Ministry of Agriculture, continues to carry out research and development in agriculture
joining the FNCA activities in this field, namely mutation breeding and bio-fertilizer.
While continuing the research and development on the topics relating to droughttolerance sorghum and soybean mutants as well as insect resistance orchids, BATAN
also continues to develop new varieties of rice. Some more candidates of the new rice
varieties have been indicated. In responding to some customer taste satisfaction, three
new varieties have been released in the year 2003, namely: Kahayan, Winongo andDiah-suci. It is also attempted to establish supply security of the seeds located atsome provinces to enhance the supply system of the crops. In the mean time thedevelopment of various formulae of food supplements for ruminansia animals has been
progressing aiming at the utilization of locally available material.
As a tropical country, Indonesia is also willing to participate in the activity related tothe banana improvement, and sweet potato projects as a part of Mutation Breeding
Project of FNCA for the forthcoming years.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
In the field of energy, availability and continue supply of energy is a key role todevelop our industry. Although Indonesia is recognized as an energy exporter for theneighboring countries in the Asia and Pacific region, the energy source per capita isrelatively small while the reserve locations are not so favorable as compared to theplaces of domestic demands. The Indonesian – IAEA study namely “Comprehensive
Assessment of Different Energy Sources (CADES) for Electricity Generation inIndonesia” had been carried out in 2001 – 2002 shows that evident. Final Report of theStudy had been submitted formally by the IAEA to the President of the Republic ofIndonesia on August 6th, 2003.
The report indicates that the energy mixed strategy has to be applied in Indonesia byconsidering all of energy sources available in this country, including also the use of
NPP for electricity generation to fulfill Java – Bali grid starting at about 2016. The
total share of nuclear energy is expecting to be around 5 % of the total electricity
generation in the year 2025, i.e. about 6,000 MWe. Should the Generation IV reactor
4th FNCA Summary Report71Country Reporthaving small capacity be available with the economical features as mentioned to be theaim, introduction of the very small NPP might be realized earlier at smaller grids out
side of Java Islands.
In order to realize the energy mixed strategy, a lot of works have to be done.
Dissemination of this study results to other relevant institutions, Departmental as wellas Ministerial Offices have been carried out to anticipate concerted efforts to overcome
the problem on energy security for the next twenty years from now on. At the sametime public information and education have to be performed also to all level of society
in order to get better public acceptance. The use of nuclear energy as a part of theLong-term National Energy Policy now is being drafted. We expect that theconsultation with Parliament on the use of NPP as stipulated by Nuclear Energy Act
No. 10 year 1997, can be done by sometime next year. The pre-project activities for
NPP program are carried out accordingly, such as activities relating to candidate site
permit, the NPP owner establishment, etc.
As you are all aware, the utilization of NPP will certainly reduce the hazardous gas
emission especially in Java Island. If the use of NPP can not be realized, the electricity
should be generated by coal fired power plant, since the oil will be very expensive bythen as well as scarce for electricity generation purposes. Additional used of coal toreplace the amount of electricity being expected to be generated from NPP will also
make some other problems on coal transportation as well as environmental effect,
especially in Java Island where the land is expected also to provide food for the people
living on. In this regard, Indonesia is therefore to support the CDM which should beapplicable also for the NPP projects as mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
R & D on the enhancement of radiation and Isotope application for medical and otherindustrial applications have been supported by government. In the field of medical
application: cancer treatment using radiation together with the application of thenuclear medical instruments for diagnostics as well as theurapetics, and the use ofradioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for palliative have been progressively accepted.
Participation of Indonesia to the FNCA Project namely: Application of Radioisotopes
and Radiation for Medical Use such as breast and nasopharyngeal cancers will thus bevery beneficial for our community.
In the field of industrial application, a preliminary study on the use of electron beammachine for treatment of effluent gas from the coal power plant in Suralaya has been
done in cooperation with other institution and the electricity state own company
operating the plant. Other EBM utilizations for industry, such as liquid waste
treatment, hardening of the surface metal, etc are also being studied. Co-operation inthis field with FNCA member states is certainly welcomed.
4th FNCA Summary Report72Country Report
For quite some years BATAN has been trying to develop capability relating toaccelerator taking into consideration the future important roles of this machine. It is
expected that this activities support the medium term program to build ademonstration accelerator to be utilized for research and development in the fields ofactivities to achieve the Landmarks. It is planned that by the end of this year a homemade low energy electron accelerator is to be commissioned at BATAN’s facility in
Yogyakarta.
Our environmental quality has recently decreased significantly due to various
improper development dictating us to do efforts for environment protection, among
others: monitoring and controlling heavy metal air pollutant in the rural and urban
area. Neutron activation analysis technique is expected to contribute on thedetermination of air particulate matter, mainly on the concentration of elements
contained in the fine and coarse particles triggering the human health hazards. Since
the marine environmental pollution has also been problem in this region, we expect in
the long term program, the activity relating to “Marine Environmental Pollution
Research and Monitoring Using nuclear based methods” can be considered as acommon program of the FNCA.
Utilization of nuclear techniques has also been carried out in the activities relating to
the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. The use of natural isotope forgeothermal such as reserve calculation and management has been carried out incooperation with other institutes. Utilization of mutation breeding techniques for “biooil” plants, i.e. Yatropha curcas L., and Ricinus communis L. to innovate new varieties
for plant and crop producing more bio-diesel rather than utilization of crude palm oil,continues to be investigated.
In order to support all this development, Indonesia is also strengthen the nuclear
licensing authority, BAPETEN (Indonesia Nuclear Control Board), to make sure that
all nuclear activities in Indonesia is following safety procedure as well as other
International regulation. The strengthening of BAPETEN is also important for the
preparation of the NPP.
The important of availability of human resource with adequate number andqualification to support all nuclear activities mentioned previously has been taken into
serious consideration by BATAN and BAPETEN. BATAN using its center for educationand training continues holding the train the trainers on various courses as well as
training for personnel requiring certification on various competence of nuclear
technology. The polytechnique of nuclear science and technology is also improving the
curiculae to satisfy the industries. Cooperation with universities as well as
polytechniques has been extensified. It is still expected however that the cooperation
on human resource development through FNCA will play an important role since there
is a lack of expertise needed to suffis the requirement on future nuclear industry
demands.
4th FNCA Summary Report73Country Report
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The on going FNCA activities have been progressing as expected, i.e. the Utilizationof Research Reactor covering the production of Tc-99m, neutron activation analyses,
and neutron scattering; Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Agriculture
consisting of mutation breeding, bio-fertilizer, etc; Application of Radioisotopes andRadiation for Medical Use such as breast and nasopharyngeal cancers; PublicInformation of Nuclear Energy; Radioactive Waste Management; Nuclear Safety
Culture; Human Resources Development; and Application of Electron Accelerator.
We would like to confirm that we are ready to host the Radioactive Waste Management
Workshop next week in Jakarta, and the Utilization of Research Reactor Workshop
this coming January 2004 in Serpong, as well as the workshop on Mutation Breeding in
June or December 2004 in Jakarta.
Excellencies,
Distinguished Delegates,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Please allow me to conclude by expressing our strong endorsement for the FNCA andour readiness to participate fully in all of its activities. Lastly, I would like also to
express our deep gratitude to our host, JAIF, on behalf of the Atomic Energy
Commission of Japan and Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy of Japanfor convening this fourth Meeting of the FNCA.
Thank you very much,

4th FNCA Summary Report74Country Report

1-4-8 Country Report of China
by
H.E. Mr. Zhang Huazhu
ChairmanChina Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)Distinguished Chairperson, Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is my great honor to be invited to the current FNCA Ministerial Conference. At theoutset, please allow me, on behalf of the Chinese Delegation, to extend warm
congratulations on the convening of the conference, and express heartfelt appreciation
to the Japanese Government for supporting and organizing the conference andgreetings to all representatives.
This conference provided us an opportunity for introducing to each other the nuclear
energy development of respective countries and exploring cooperation. Now I would
like to share my views on the following issues.
1.

Development and Prospects of the International Nuclear Power Market
Nuclear power has had a history of more than 50 years ever since the American
EBR-1, the first nuclear facility, generated electricity in December 1951, and USSR’s
first nuclear power plant began to transmit electricity to the power grid in June 1954.
In the past half a century, nuclear power experienced three stages including testingand demonstration, rapid development and slowing down. The successful construction
and operation of different prototype nuclear power reactors in the 1950s and the 1960s
verified the feasibility of large-scale industrial development of nuclear power in termsof engineering technology, safety and economy. After that, rapid development rate ofnuclear power had been maintained for more than a decade until the accidents of US’s
Three Mile Island nuclear power plant and the USSR’s Chernobyl nuclear power plant
seriously frustrated it across the world, and public acceptance became one of major
obstacles. Ever since the late 1980s, nuclear power has been in slow development andwas even suspended in some countries.
After the two accidents, countries adopted a series of measures in design standards
and approval procedures to improve safety of nuclear power plant. As a result, theconstruction cycle of nuclear power plant was prolonged, investment increased and its
economic competitiveness declined. The increased investment risks discouraged the
4th FNCA Summary Report75Country Report
investors and effected the further development of nuclear power.
The new century, however, brought new opportunities. Though facing withconsiderable resistance, the US, France, Russia and other countries have shown thedetermination to continue the development of nuclear power. Asian countries, too, havedemonstrated outstanding development momentum in this field. The rapid economic
growth in Asia since the latter half of last century has presented increasing demands
on power construction. The comparative shortage of primary energy in this region
provides development space for nuclear power. And besides, this region has kept goodrecord of nuclear power operation and enjoyed better public acceptance than developed
European countries. Countries such as China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, India,
Pakistan and Vietnam are wiling to expand their nuclear power production capacities
or plan to develop nuclear power, making Asia the most eye-catching region in theworld’s nuclear power development.
2.

Development Prospect of Nuclear Power in China
China’s nuclear power development is an important part of Asia’s nuclear power
development. China’s total installed power capacity reached 356 GW in 2002 and it isranked the second in the world in terms of annual power output and installed capacity.
As a large country with a population of 1.3 billion, China is still insufficient inelectricity supply with an installed capacity per capita of 0.27 KW, ten times lower
than many developed countries. The present energy mix is far from rational. The
national total power generation reached 1654.2 TWH, of which the output of thermo
power accounted for 81.74%, hydro power 16.6% and nuclear power a mere 1.6%.
Optimizing the energy mix will be an important mission in order to meet therequirements of environmental protection and sustainable development. According to
the general economic development strategy, China’s GDP will redouble by 2020. The
power industry needs to grow at an estimated annual rate of 5% to meet therequirements of the national economic development. The total installed power capacity
shall exceed 800 GW by 2020. In addition to hydro and wind, nuclear power will takean important position in the growth as a kind of clean energy. The total installedcapacity of nuclear power will reach 32,000 MW if nuclear accounts for 4% of the total
by 2020. In other words, about 20 nuclear power units of 1000 MW are to beconstructed. This shows that China’s nuclear power is entering a new ear ofdevelopment.
3.

Development of Nuclear Technology Application in China
Mr. Chairperson, we have noted that “the effect of nuclear technology on social andeconomic development” is one of the themes of this FNCA ministerial conference. It isevident that applications of nuclear technology in fields other than power generation
are making robust development, and playing increasingly important, indispensable
4th FNCA Summary Report76Country Reportrole in the social and economic development. In China, in the sector of industry, various
radiation appliances and nuclear instruments are widely used in production, processcontrol, non-destructive inspection, chemical analysis, resource prospecting, etc., andhave yielded remarkable social and economic benefits. In agriculture, nuclear
technology is playing positive roles in irradiation breeding, soil improvement, insect’s
sterilization, keeping food fresh, and increasing the reproductivity of livestock. Nuclear
medicine, another important field of nuclear technology application, has taken a great
step forward. The increasing application of nuclear medical equipment, appliances andmedicine in radioactive diagnosis and radiotherapy has done contribution to the healthof the mankind. Nuclear technology is also demonstrating growing importance inenvironmental protection and water management.
Statistics show that traditional industries with application of nuclear technology
yielded an output of $2 billion in 2002, accounting for around 0.16% of GDP. Among
this, the output of nuclear agriculture was $500 million, radioactive chemical products$400 million, isotope instrument $375 million, γ-ray irradiation products $690 million,
and isotopes and their products $ 50 million. Nuclear technology application has
become an important component of China’s social and economic development. We
admit, however, there is still a big gap between China and developed countries in this
aspect. Materials show that the output associated to nuclear technology applications in
the US and Japan respectively accounted for 5% and 2% of GDP in 1997. China stillneeds to further improve the application level of nuclear technology and promote its
industrialization through necessary international cooperation. We wish FNCA would
facilitate practical cooperation among member countries in this field to makecontribution to the improvement of nuclear technology application level of this region.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It is the common aspiration of people of the whole world to protect the environmentand our globe and promote the sustainable social development. The limited reserve offossil fuel and the environmental issues caused by its usage has aroused wide attention.
The development and applications of nuclear energy, a kind of clean energy, provides
practical means to settle these issues effectively, and will play its role in realizing“environmental protection and sustainable development”.
Mr. Chairperson, “promoting the development and application of nuclear energy andnuclear technology in this region” is the basic principle of this Forum, to the common
understanding of member countries. In the past a few years, a lot of beneficial
cooperation were carried out focusing on 8 technological fields including the applicationof research reactors, making positive contribution to the development of nuclear energy
and nuclear technology of this region. The Chinese Delegation highly commends it. We
4th FNCA Summary Report77Country Report
would also like to propose the combination of cognitive and concrete aspects of theForum, to discuss the nuclear cooperation policies and directions on the one hand, andcarry out cooperation on nuclear application technology to meet the demands of nuclear
technology development in this region on the other. Only through this way can FNCA
gain wide recognition and support. China, along with other developing countries, isfacing economic and technological challenges in energy development andenvironmental improvement. We wish to have wide-ranging exchange and cooperation
with other Asian countries in nuclear energy development and technology applications
to make due contribution to environment protection and sustainable economic
development of Asia and even the whole world.
Thank you.

4th FNCA Summary Report78Country Report

1-4-9 Country Report of Australia
byDr. Ronald Francis Cameron
Acting Executive Director
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)Your Excellencies, Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, on behalf ofAustralia I am pleased to contribute to this the fourth meeting of the Forum for
Nuclear Cooperation in Asia, which is being hosted by the Atomic Energy Commissionof Japan.
1.

Recent Events Related to Nuclear Science and Technology in Australia
Through the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), theAustralian Government provides access to core nuclear-based facilities in Australia
and overseas for the benefit of industry and the Australian research and development
community. The major facility access is ANSTO’s nuclear research reactor which isutilised for strategic, industrial, environmental and research purposes, andmanufacture of nuclear medicines and other forms of radioisotopes. The importanceof nuclear science and technology to Australia is evidenced by the Government’s
commitment to, and support for, the replacement research reactor (RRR) project. In
2006 the RRR is scheduled to take over from the existing HIFAR reactor, which has
operated safely for 45 years at the Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre. The
budget for the RRR is $286.4 million (1997 value) and is historically the largest
investment by an Australian Government for a single research facility.
In addition to the RRR, two major upgrades of ANSTO facilities were foreshadowed
in the Government budget handed down in June 2003. The first project will be a new
main entrance at the Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre costing more than
$10 million dollars. This is the result of a reassessment of security measures at thesite. The second is the redevelopment of the Radiopharmaceutical Production
Building where radioisotopes are processed for use in nuclear medicine. The changes
will provide modern quality controlled chemistry laboratories, a sterilisation room,
service and instrument rooms, production clean room facilities and component washbays. Subject to parliamentary and regulatory approval, the construction willcommence in late 2003 and will be completed in 2005 in time to ensure utilisation of
the increased capacity of the replacement reactor.

4th FNCA Summary Report79Country Report
1.1 Replacement Research Reactor
As reported at the first FNCA in Bangkok, ANSTO signed a contract in mid-2000
for the design, construction and commissioning of a 20 MW research reactor with
the Argentine company INVAP S.E. which in turn has arrangements with anumber of Australian engineering companies.
The Australian Radiation
Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) issued a construction licence forthe reactor on 5 April 2002 and construction commenced on 11 April 2002. It is
proceeding to schedule, with the loading of fuel expected to commence in 2005 andto be complete in 2006.
The RRR will achieve neutron flux performance levels at least ten-times higher
than those of HIFAR. In particular, this extra performance stems from state-ofthe-art neutron guides, which will have modern "supermirror" coatings. A majoremphasis is on the establishment of a suite of neutron beam instruments whose
performance will be competitive with the best facilities anywhere in the world. In
addition to good thermal neutron beams, there will be a large state-of-the-art liquid
deuterium cold-neutron source and two thermal and two cold supermirror guides
feeding a large modern guide hall, in which most of the instruments will be placed.
While there will be space for up to 18 instruments, the project has funding for thefollowing initial set of eight instruments comprising diffractometers, spectrometers,
reflectometers and small angle scattering (SANS).
Seven out of the eight instruments have now been specified and designed. These
will be ready for use when the reactor is fully operational in 2006. The facility will
have the capacity for further expansion, including the potential for a second
neutron guide hall.
The Government has endorsed it becoming a regional centre of excellence, and weare already having discussions with countries in the region on the use of the facility.
In 2002, ANSTO established the Bragg Institute to build on its work in neutron
scattering and the use of x-rays by forging extensive linkages between ANSTO andother national and international organisations.
Further development ofapplications of neutron and x-ray techniques is expected to lead to increased
partnerships in research and in business.
In July 2003, it was announced that a major Australian construction company,
Thiess, has been selected to construct the building to house the Australian
Synchrotron at the Monash University site in Victoria and would be commencing
work shortly. The decision to establish the first Australian national synchrotron
facility was announced in July 2001. It will be 67 metre in diameter with capacityfor 30 plus beamlines. The total cost of the project is A$206 million and it isexpected to be commissioned in 2007.
The Australian Synchrotron Research Program (ASRP) provides Australian
researchers with access to state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation research
4th FNCA Summary Report80Country Report
capabilities at overseas synchrotron light source facilities.
These are theAustralian National Beamline Facility (ANBF) at the Photon Factory, Tsukuba
Science City, Japan, and the Advanced Photon Source, at the Argonne National
Laboratory in Chicago, USA. The ASRP was funded for five years under the Major
National Research Facilities program, announced in December 1995.
The ASRP maintains staff at both the Photon Factory and the APS, and provides
travel and subsistence funding to Australian researchers using the facilities. Access
is via a peer reviewed proposal system.
1.2 Radioactive Waste Management
Australia does not generate any high level radioactive waste.
Currently some 500 cubic metres of intermediate level waste are being stored in avariety of sites around the country. At this stage, the most appropriate way tomanage this waste is to house it in a purpose-built aboveground storage facility
since a geological repository for disposal cannot be justified because of the limited
amount of intermediate level waste likely to be generated by Australia in theforeseeable future. The Government announced in 2000 that there would be anational search for a suitable site for the store. Because of a lack of support fromsome States, the Government decided that it would proceed with the search but
only on Commonwealth land and for the storage of intermediate level waste
generated by Commonwealth Agencies. The national store will be designed tooperate for at least 50 years.
An independent, expert advisory committee, the National Store Advisory
Committee, has been appointed to advise on this search. The experts have beenchosen on the basis of their expertise in the fields of radiation protection, and inother disciplines relevant to the site selection study. Thus the final decision on thesite for the store will be the result of a rigorous scientific assessment. Following
assessment of Australian Government land around Australia, the National Store
Advisory Committee has submitted a short-list of sites to the Government for
further consideration. No sites in South Australia have been identified as being
highly suitable for the national store. Accordingly, early in May 2003, theGovernment ruled out South Australia as an option. An announcement of a shortlist for further investigation is expected in the next few months.
For the low-level radioactive waste, the Government has determined that there
should be a single national repository. An extensive and thorough site selection
process has been taking place over the past ten years. In the first phase amethodology was established for site selection. The second phase applied themethodology and identified a short list of eight regions. The third phase identified
the central-north region of South Australia for further investigation and site
selection studies. 18 sites were identified in June 1998. These were reduced to
five and then a preferred site with two alternatives.
4th FNCA Summary Report81Country Report
Before construction of the low-level radioactive waste repository can commence,the preferred site must comply with an environmental impact assessment (EIS) andradiological licensing processes. A Draft EIS was prepared and was open for
public comment for three months as from July 2002. It was subsequently
amended and submitted to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. In
May 2003 the Minister gave environmental approval, subject to conditions, to two
possible sites in accordance with the provisions of the Environment Protection andBiodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
In July 2003 the Government announced its acquisition of the national repository
site, Site 40a near Woomera in South Australia and its associated access route andin August 2003 the Minister for Science announced that the Government had
applied to the independent regulator, the Australian Radiation Protection and
Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) for a facility licence to authorise the following
three activities:➢ to prepare Site 40a for the proposed National Radioactive Waste Repository(NRWR);➢ to construct the proposed NRWR; and➢ to operate the proposed NRWR.
ARPANSA is undertaking an independent peer review of this licence applicationand supporting documents and the International Peer Review Team comprisingindividuals from various Member States of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) with expertise in the storage and management of radioactive waste havebeen assembled to facilitate this. The review commenced in late October 2003 andit is expected to conclude in November 2003. The final report from theInternational Peer Review Team will be presented to the CEO of ARPANSA andwill be made public shortly afterwards.
The repository is provisionally anticipated to commence operations around 2005.
The Government has indicated that it has no intention of accepting any
radioactive waste from other countries for storage or disposal in Australia
2.

Recent Regional Cooperation Activities under FNCA
Australia has been pleased to continue its support for FNCA activities in the areas of
nuclear safety culture and radioactive waste management.
2.1 Safety Culture Workshop
The seventh Nuclear Safety Culture Workshop for 2003 is scheduled to be held in
Daejeon, Korea in February 2004.
The sixth FNCA Safety Culture Workshop, which was held in Dalat, Viet Nam in
January 2003, was assessed by the Australian participants as being very successful.
During the workshop considerable input was provided by the representatives from4th FNCA Summary Report82Country Report
all the eight participating countries. This very active participation facilitated theachievement of the workshop’s aims and objectives.
A key feature of this workshop was the production of safety status reports on
specific research reactors in each country. The one-day peer review process of theDalat Nuclear Research reactor went well and covered a lot of ground. Although
this was the first such review to be undertaken under the FNCA programme andwas essentially a trial process, we believe that the peer review was very successful
and real and meaningful outputs were achieved. This was supported by theparticipants who have agreed to continue the peer review and the self-assessment
reporting at the seventh workshop.
Information on the required preparations for the next workshop has been sent out
to all countries. The Korean delegate has undertaken to make a proposal on
possible rationalisation of the reporting indicators. The delegate from The
Philippines has undertaken to make a proposal on extending the project toRadiation Safety Culture. A major focus of this workshop will be the peer review of
the HANARO reactor’s self-assessment report.
Australia believes that these workshops are providing a valuable opportunity forencouraging initiatives in safety culture, but some interaction with the IAEA isneeded to ensure that activities in safety culture are not duplicated for the region.
2.2 Radioactive Waste Management
Australia participated in the Radioactive Waste Management (RWM) Workshop
held in Korea in November 2002, Since then a draft 3-Year Work Plan has been
prepared and under this it was proposed that the RWM Task Group would focus on
NORM waste issues over the next 2 years (2003/2004). Australia was pleased tohost the visit by the Task Group on TENORM waste between 10 and 14 February
2003. The Task Group comprised Prof. Toshiso Kosako (Japan Project Leader,
RWM), Tokyo University; Prof. Takao Iida, Nagoya University; Dr, Hirokuni
Yamanisi, National Institute of Fission Science; Dr. Takeshi Iimoto, Tokyo
University; and, Dr. Nobuyiki Sugiura, Tokyo University, and was sponsored by
MEXT. The Task Group, held preliminary discussions with a number of technicalexperts in Australia, including representatives from ANSTO and the New South
Wales Environment Protection Agency. In addition there was a visit to the large
Olympic Dam Project mining operations site at Roxby Downs, South Australia. A
wide range of topics were discussed concerning NORM in the Mining Industry,including international regulations and disposal.
Australia is planning to participate in the next FNCA RWM Workshop scheduled
to be held between 15 and 19 December in Jakarta, Indonesia. In addition to theCountry Report, the Australian Project Leader will present papers on aspects of thedisposal of LILW and the management of waste arising from decommissioning of
4th FNCA Summary Report83Country Report
small to medium scale nuclear facilities.
Australia welcomes the progress achieved by the cooperation in this area and willcontinue to participate in the activities of the radioactive waste management
workshop.
2.3 Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)
Australia regrets that it is not able to participate in the Neutron Scattering Subworkshop scheduled for held in Serpong, Indonesia in January 2004, because of theintense activity associated with the establishment of the new neutron facilities for
the RRR.
As we have stated previously, we encourage the sub-workshop’s initiatives toestablish an effective communication system, based on group email, and a project
proposal and review system as well as the focus of the activities from Small Angle
Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrumentation and techniques development, to theinvestigation of problems of socio-economic benefit to the region
ANSTO played an advisory role in the development of the sub-workshop’s
regional research project. Our expertise in SANS data analysis and interpretation
may be particularly relevant for the planned efforts on γ-irradiated carrageenan(food gum), water-soluble copolymers, random ionomers and blends of natural
rubber and polyolefins. Such data analysis would be shared between regionalgroups with relevant expertise.
3.

Conclusion
Australia has a policy of on-going support and encouragement of mutual cooperationin the utilisation of nuclear science and technology for the benefit of the region and for
addressing identified regional problems. I look forward to us continuing to play anactive role in the FNCA and its programme.
On behalf of Australia I again thank the Atomic Energy Commission of Japan for
their efforts in facilitating this important Forum meeting,

4th FNCA Summary Report842. Senior Official Level Meeting (SOM)Management & Operation of FNCA Activities

FNCA Management Scheme in Japan

Other Relevant

Cabinet Office - AEC

MEXT

Ministers
Office of FNCA Coordinator of

Office of FNCA Coordinator of Japan

Participating Countries(FNCA Secretariat)
Project Leaders

Steering Groups

Project Leaders and
Implementation Groups

Implementation Groups(Japan)(Other FNCA Countries)

Issues for Project management
・ Strengthening the linkage between FNCA Coordinator of Japan as the FNCA
Secretariat and each Coordinator of FNCA countries.
・ Strengthening the linkage between FNCA Coordinator and Project Leaders in eachcountry for better project management and efficient implementation.
・ Setting up Implementation Group for supporting Project Leaders for project
implementation in each country.

4th FNCA Summary Report85Management & Operation of FNCA Activities
Attachment

Cooperation Activities under FNCA Framework
byJapan Atomic Industrial Forum
There are eight fields of cooperation activities, and at present 11 projects are in
progress, as shown below, in addition to Workshops or Project Leaders Meetings thatare utilized for periodical exchange of data, information and experiences, anddiscussion on the way to operate activities has been made. New projects proposed orplanned to be proposed to Workshops or Project Leaders Meetings are shown with *mark.
Field 1: Utilization of Research Reactors
1) (Project) Tc-99m Generator Production2) (Project) Neutron Activation Analysis
3) (Project) Neutron Scattering*(Proposed New Project) Utilization of Research Reactors
Field 2: Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Agriculture<Mutation Breeding>4) (Project) MB Drought Tolerance in Sorghum and Soybean*(Proposed New Project ) MB Insect Resistance in Orchid*(Proposed New Project) Disease Resistance in Banana<Bio-fertilizer>
5) (Project) Bio-fertilizer
Field 3:Application of Radioisotopes and Radiation for Medical Care
<Radiotherapy>5) (Project) Radiotherapy for Uterine Cervix Cancer
Standardized Radiotherapy Protocol (CRERVIX-I) / Accelerated Hyperfractionation Radiotherapy (AHF) Protocol (CERVIX-II)*(Proposed New Project) Protocol of Chemoradiotherapy for Uterine Cervix Cancer* As project candidates, "Protocol of Chemoradiatherapy for Nasopharyngeal" and"QA/QC Dosimetry" are being investigated.
* New project on nuclear medicine is being investigated by Malaysia.

4th FNCA Summary Report86Management & Operation of FNCA Activities
Field 4: Public Information of Nuclear Energy6) (Project) Joint Survey on Radiation for High School Students
Field 5: Radioactive Waste Management
7) (Project) Spent Radiation Source Management
8) (Project) Technologically Enhanced, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials(TENORM) Management
Field 6: Nuclear Safety Culture9) (Project) Peer Review on Safety Culture of Research Reactors
Field 7: Human Resources Development
10) (Project) Human Resources Development Basic Data Survey
Field 8: Industrial Application
11) (Project) Application of Electron Accelerator

Proposals carried over from the 4th FNCA Coordinators Meeting
1) Marine Environmental Pollution Research and Monitoring using Nuclear andNuclear-related Analytical Techniques and FNCA Database* This proposal was recommended to merge in the NAA project.
2) Maintenance Network for Nuclear Medical Instrumentation

4th FNCA Summary Report87High Level Discussion on HRD

Strategy for Human Resources Development (HRD)bySueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan

1. The project on HRD has been implemented since 1999 in FNCA framework.
2.

Major activities of the HRD Project are:
- Information exchange on training nuclear personnel- Exchange of training materials- Joint survey of basic data on HRD

3. The MEXT of Japan has been implementing the Nuclear Researchers Exchange
Program for 17 years inviting about 1,200 scientists and engineers in total from Asian
countries staying Japan within one year, and sending experts from Japan to thesecountries.
4. The 3rd FNCA Ministerial Level Meeting in Seoul recommended that a high leveltask group to be formed to discuss HRD strategy and the potential roles of FNCA.
5. This session of 4th SOM serves as the task group. Accordingly, the conclusion andrecommendation of the session should be reported to the 4th Ministerial Level
Meeting.
6. The talking points of the session were circulated to FNCA countries by the FNCA
secretariat in advance for their consideration (Attachment 1).
7. The conclusion and recommendation of the FNCA Workshop of HRD in 2003 wasalso circulated (Attachment 2), which may be useful for the discussion.
8. Representatives speak on the talking points, and conclusion and recommendation
should be prepared to submit to the Ministerial Level Meeting.

4th FNCA Summary Report88High Level Discussion on HRD
Attachment 1
Talking Points of “Strategy for Human Resources Development (HRD)” for 4th FNCA Senior
Officials Meeting (SOM)

1. Human resources development (HRD) plan to meet national nuclear program in
medium term
2. Issues in achieving HRD in each country, for example, lack or shortage of trainers,
training facilities, etc.
3. How to solve these issues and roles of regional cooperation for the solution
4. FNCA, “Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program” of the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, and “Asian Network for Higher
Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT) of IAEA

4th FNCA Summary Report89High Level Discussion on HRD
Attachment 2
Conclusions and Recommendations for FNCA 2003 Workshop on Human Resources
Development

October 8-10, 2003, Bangkok, Thailand
1. HRD is recognized to be an important component for the sustainable developmentof nuclear science and technology applications.
2. The concern was expressed by majority of the meeting participants that thepreservation of nuclear knowledge and experience is at risk because of declining
number of experts due to retirement and lack of incoming young nuclear scientists andengineers.
3. The Meeting recognized that China and Vietnam need a large increase in thenumber of nuclear engineers, operators, and researchers for future development of
nuclear power plants, necessitating the support of FNCA countries.
4. Results of the survey on current human resources in each country will be completed
in 2004. The results should be utilized for the HRD strategy of each country. The
meeting recognized the importance of nuclear related associations and societies for
HRD.
5. The HRD strategy should be authorized and supported by the high level
management responding to the national nuclear program.
6. The FNCA members should keep close linkage with Asian Network for Higher
Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT) through active participation andcomplimentary contribution to it.
7. Training materials including e-learning materials should be efficiently produced bysharing works among FNCA countries. Setting up the task force for planning andworking for preparation of training materials on work sharing basis is desirable.
8. It is desirable that the Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program of MEXT is
expanded to cover M.S. and PhD students.

4th FNCA Summary Report90High Level Discussion on HRD
9. It is proposed to prepare a model method for HRD strategy formulation under
FNCA HRD.
10. Analysis of database on HRD should be completed early in 2004. The result ofanalysis may be reflected in revising HRD strategy in each country depending on
national policy. The new revised HRD strategy based on the data base analysis
should be reported to the HRD Workshop in 2004.

4th FNCA Summary Report91High Level Discussion on HRD

Human Resources Development Strategy for Nuclear Science, Technology andApplications in Japanby
Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan

1. There is a concern on the preservation of nuclear experience and knowledge
because of increased number of retired experienced nuclear engineers, anddecreasing interest of young students in nuclear engineering in Japan.
2. About 600 students (370 bachelors, 220 MS. 50 Ph.D.) available every year andabout 130 join nuclear related industries and institutes.
About 1/3 of MS and Ph.D. holders get jobs relevant to nuclear.

Number of Students of Nuclear Science in Japan
400

Number/Year

350
300

Bachelor

250

Master Deg.

200

Ph.D.

150
100
50
0
1997

1998

1999

2000

Year

4th FNCA Summary Report92High Level Discussion on HRD
Number of Students Getting Jobs in Nuclear Related
Companies and Institutes in Japan
140
21

120

26

Ph.D.

19

20

100
80

MasterDegree69

70

Bachelor
Degree

80

60

82

40
39

20
10

0

1997

36
19

1998

1999

2000

Year

3. Number of employees in nuclear related industries and utilities has been
decreasing since 1996 by 20% mainly because of the reduction of newly constructed
NPP per year.

Changes in No. of Nuclear Related Jobs in Japan
Billion JPN Yen

No. of employees(Yen 1,000billion= US$8.3billion)

70,000

7,000

Number of employees in nuclear-relatedindustries and utilities
60,0006,000

50,0005,000

40,0004,000

30,0003,000

20,000

Nuclear Related expenditure of utilities

2,000

1,000

10,000001984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

4th FNCA Summary Report93High Level Discussion on HRD
4. JAERI conducted periodical training courses in a variety of fields of nuclear
science and technology to train about 1,200 Japanese scientists and engineers for aweek to five months.
5. In utilities, operators of nuclear power plants are trained at their own training
facilities including simulators of NPP.
6. Manufacturers of nuclear power plants train their engineers at their own training
facilities and on the job.
7. To increase interests of young generations in nuclear science and technology, it isneeded to better inform them that nuclear science has large potential in advanced
fields such as:- Advanced nuclear reactors and fuel cycle technology- Hydrogen production by nuclear heat
- Accelerator applications for new materials, nano-technology and bio-science- Transmutation of long-lived radioactive wastes- Nuclear techniques for environmental protection
8. In order to strengthen HRD of nuclear science and technology, the nuclear
education net-work is proposed to be established.

Establishment of Nuclear
Education Network
Networking
Universities

Institutes

Private Firms

Education
Academic degree

Researchtraining

OJT at plants

4th FNCA Summary Report94Preliminary Talks on Round Table Discussion

Enhancement of Socio-economic Impact of Radiation and Isotope Application
bySueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan

There are 800 million people who suffer from hunger and malnutrition over the world.
Though the Asian region is developing at comparatively high speed, the eradication ofpoverty is still an important challenge.
Nuclear technique are useful for the better food supply, improved health care andenvironmental protection. Therefore, the FNCA gives priority to projects related toapplications of nuclear techniques such as the mutation breeding for better varieties,
biofertilizer for increasing the yield of legumes, radiotherapy of cancer, radiation
processing to produce a variety of value added products in industry. Research
reactors, which all FNCA countries own, are useful for isotope production and NAA(Neutron Activation Analysis) for environmental pollution monitoring.
These nuclear applications are being developed by FNCA projects with specific goals
which are interest of the participating countries.
In order to enhance these applications, there are 2 important conditions:(1) strengthening linkage with end users of techniques, such as agriculture, heath,environment and industry sectors,(2) provision of necessary equipments and facilities, which are often far from
sufficiency for applications of these techniques in achieving socio-economic impacts.
In this respect the SOM is requested to exchange how to solve these issues. For the
1st issue, coordination among different ministries and private sectors should be
improved. For 2nd issue, more national budget and outside funds such as JICA, IAEA,
World Bank, and ADB (Asian Development Bank) should be sought in each FNCA
country. I like to remind you that those necessary equipment are not too expensive of
which cost benefit ratio is accordingly high.

4th FNCA Summary Report95