3rd WEPA International Workshop
and the 7th Annual Meeting
21-23 SEPTEMBER 2011

POLICY RESPONSES TO ATTAIN THE
WATER QUALITY TARGET: MALAYSIA
EXPERIENCE

Mohd Said bin Dikon
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia

Contents• Introduction• Water Quality Status• Main Policy Responses• Water Quality Initiatives• Conclusion

1

Malaysia

2Malaysia
 Comprises two distinct bodies of land

Federal Territories and 13 States Total land area – 329,750 km2
 Population - about 26 million A multi-racial, multi-cultural country
 Climate - warm and humid
 Annual average rainfall
2,500 mm
 Peninsular Malaysia
3,000 mm
 Sabah
3,500 mm
 Sarawak

Definitions
 “River” means any river, stream, creek or othernatural water course, and/or any tributary,
distributary or artificial deviation thereof (National
Land Code 1965).

 “River””means a body of inland water flowing for themost part on the surface of the land but which may
flow underground for part of its course.

 “River“Ribbasin”
i ” means theth area off landl d fromfwhich
hi h allll

surface runoff flows through a sequence of streams,
rivers and, possibly, lakes into the sea at a single
river mouth, estuary or delta (Adapted from EU Water
Framework Directive 2000).

6

3

River Basins in Malaysia
 List of River Basins - updated based on thedefinition of river and river basin
 Classify rivers into 3 categories - based on

the Provision of Federal Constitution– Category 1 - river wholly within a state (state

river)– Category 2 - river shared more than one state(national river)– Category 3 - river shared with other country(international river)
7

River Basin in Malaysia
Total Nos
Nos. ofRiver Basin

Main River Basin

Peninsular Malaysia

1,235

74

Sabah
S
SarawakkGrand Total

1,468
283
2,986

75
40
189

(>80km2)

4

5

River Basin in Malaysia

Main river basin(189) – 95% of land area in Malaysia
Small river basin(2797) – 5% of land area in Malaysia

12

6

7

8

Trend of River Water Quality in Malaysia Year 1990 ~ 2009*9

Reforms in the Malaysia
Water Sector
 In 1998,
1998 National Water Resources Council(NWRC) has been set up.
 In 2003, the NWRC has decided that theformulation of Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM) master plans be carried out for all the 189
river basins.
 Cabinet Reshuffle in March 2004,– 11 agencies from 4 different ministries were combined in

the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(NRE).

Reforms in the Malaysia
Water Sector (contd
contd))– the Departmentpof Water Supply
pp y and the DepartmentpofSewerage Services were moved to the Ministry of Energy,
Green Technology and Water.
 The Federal Constitution was amended in January2005 to transfer matters related to water supply
services from the State list to the Concurrent list.
Th amendment
Thedenabledbl d theh F
Federald lG
Government
to regulate the water supply services while
ownership and control of water resources, dams andcatchment areas remained with the state
governments.

10

The Federal Constitution of
Malaysia
List I - Federal List
9 Shipping,
9.
Shipping navigation and fisheries,
fisheries including (a) Shipping and navigation on the high seas and in tidal
and inland waters;
10. Communications and transport, including (d) Regulation of traffic by land, water and air other than onrivers outside harbour areas wholly within one State;
11. Federal works and power, including (b) Water supplies, rivers and canals, except those wholly
within one State or regulated by an agreement between all
the States concerned; production, distributions by supplyof21
water power;

List II - State List
6. State works and water, that is to say (c) Subject to the Federal List, water (including rivers
and canals but excluding water supplies and services);
control of silt; riparian rights.
List III - Concurrent List
8. Drainage and irrigation.
9. Rehabilitation of mining land and land which has sufferedsoil erosion.
9D. Subject to the Federal List, water supplies and services.

22

11

Water Resources
Management
1 Ministry of Natural Resources and1.
Environment.
2. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology
and Water.
3. Ministry3s yo
of Agriculture
g cu u e aandd Agro-basedg o based
Industry

Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
1. Managementa age e t oof thet e implementationp e e tat o oofpolicies, strategies and programmes relating
to natural resources and environment.
2. Enforcement and monitoring theimplementation of and compliance with
policies,li illegislationi l ti andd guidelines
id li
relating
l ti tto
the management, conservation and natural
resources and the environment.

12

Ministry of Energy, GreenTechnology and Water
1 Formulation and implementation of1.
national policy on water supply services
and sewerage services industry.
2. Formulating licensing and supervising
policy and framework.
3. Formulating and determining tariffs.

Ministry of Agriculture andAgro--based Industry
Agro
1. Agricultural irrigation and drainage.
2. To regulate the paddy and rice industry
under the Control of Paddy and Rice Act
1994.
3. To formulate, plan and implement the
National Agriculture Policy.

13

MELAKA RIVER CLEANINGAND BEAUTIFICATIONPROJECT

14 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

2.1 Improve water quality at Sungai Melaka.
2 2 Beautify
2.2
B
tif andd preserve theth riveri
corridor.
id
2.3 Making the Melaka River as one of themain tourism products in the State ofMelaka.
2 4 An alternative route of public transport by
2.4
rivers (water taxi)

Melaka River Basin•Melaka River
Basin = 670km2•Melaka River
Main Trunk =
80km

15

6kkm

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project- Parcel 1

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project– Parcel 2

3.5km

6km

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project– Parcel 2

3.5km

Melaka River Cleaning
and Beautification
Project

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project- Parcel 1

16

MELAKA RIVER CLEANINGAND BEAUTIFICATIONPROJECT - PARCEL 1

17

Batang
Melaka River

MELAKARIVER

JUS DAM

Tampin River
Headworks at Btg. Melaka
River

DURIANTUNGGAL
DAM

Kg.
Gadek

Durian Tunggal Regulator

Melaka Pindah
Melaka River
Durian Tunggal River

Existing
BundedStorage

Gate at Malim Weir

Malim Weir

Cheng River

Taman Merdeka Regulator

Cheng Industrial
Area

Taman Merdeka
Malim River
Malim Jaya
Industrial Area

Putat River

Klebang Tidal Barrage

Melaka River Tidal Barrage
Melaka River
Historical
Melaka City

Batu Hampar Tidal
Barrage

Scope of Work1.

Construction of bank protection (river wall)2.

Construction of pedestrian walkways. (river walk)3.

Dredging of rivers

4.

Construction of sewage treatment center based in Kota
Laksamana

5.

Construction of sewerage system with bypass (Intercept) of
g drainage
g systemyand led to Waste
wastewater from the existing
Water Treatment Plant

6.

Construction of Tidal barrage

7.

Construction and upgrading of vehicle and pedestrian bridge

8.

Landscaping and beautification18

Layout Plan

PHASE 1(completed)

PHASE 2

PHASE 1(completed)(completed)

Implementation ScheduleNO PROJECTCOST (RM)

PERIOD

Implementing
AgencyNOTE

1.

Phase I

91,200,000.00 1.7.2002 31.1.2005

Historical-Ministry ofMelaka City
Tourisme
Council(HMCC) -Completed

2.

Phase II

50,000,000.00 1.11.2005 30.6.2007

HMCC

-NRE
-Completedp3.

Phase III93,000,000.00 1.8.2006 30.7.2008

HMCC

-NRE
-Completed

4.

Phase IV

90,398,000.00 31.1.2008 30.12.2010

HMCC

-NRE
-Completed

TOTAL

324,598,000.00

19Pengkalan Niru | Before & After

BeforeAfter

BeforeAfter

Site Photo | Before & After

BeforeBeforeBefore

After

After

After

20

Laksamana Point | After

Kg. Nelayan

Before

After

After

21

Dataran Hang Tuah

Before
After

After

After

Bunga Raya

BeforeAfter

BeforeBefore

After
After

22

New Structures

Site Under Construction photos

Tidal Barrage Completed

New Tidal Barrage Completed

23

1
0

BeforeHang Jebat Bridge
After

Pasar Bridge
BeforeAfter

BeforeAfter

10Chan Koon Cheng Bridge

24

Kg. Jawa Bridge
BeforeAfter

10

BeforeAfter

Old Bus Station Bridge

10Riverwall and riverwalk at Kg Mortem - after

25

Riverwall And Riverwalk at Muara Melaka River - after

1
0

MELAKA RIVER CLEANINGAND BEAUTIFICATIONPROJECT - PARCEL 2

26

Background1.

Under the 10th Malaysia Plan, Federal Government has
approved RM285
RM285 million for the implementation of Melaka
River Cleaning and Beautification Project - Parcel 2.

2.

Project’s Objectives
2.1 To improve water quality and water quantity of MelakaRiver
2.2 To Beautify and Rehabilitation of River Corridor
2.3
2 3 To promote Melaka River as one of the tourism product2.4 To promote Melaka River as an alternative transportation
mode (water taxi)

3.

Project’s Location
3.1 Jambatan Hang Jebat – Batu Hampar TCG (6km)53

PROJECT’s MAJOR COMPONENTS














River Improvement work (Widening and Deepening)
Riverbank protection works
Main terminal/water taxi station,, River information centre
Storm Water Treatment Plants
Jetty/ Pick up points
Beautification works by landscaping components
Beautification of existing bridges
Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs)
Pedestrian Bridge
Automatic WQ monitoring station (SCADA)
Boardwalk
Decorative lighting
Public amenities, etc.

27

6km

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project– Parcel 2

3.5km

Melaka River Cleaning
and Beautification
Project

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project- Parcel 1

28

Batu Hampar
TCG

Rumpun Bahagia
BridgeZONE 5
ZONE 3TAMAN
RUMPUNBAHAGIAMELAKASENTRALTun Razak Bridge( AMJ Highway)
TESCO

Melaka Sentral BridgeJUSCOCOMMERCIALAREA

ZONE 2
ZONE 1Paackage 1-3km

ZONE 4Pa
ackage 2- 3km

OVERALL ZONING

Hang Jebat Bridge
Panglima Awang
BridgeTAMAN
REMPAH

CONCEPTUAL IDEASZONE 1PANGLIMA AWANG
BRIDGERiver Info Center
Location

Option 2 for Water
Taxi Station & River
Info Center Site
Dragon Boat Jetty
EXISTING
CHINESETENPLEHANG
JEBATBRIDGE

Jebat Esplanade

UITM’S
BUILDING

Jetty Pick Up Point

Option 2 for Water Taxi
Station & River Info
Center Site

Proposed Alternative Site For River Info Center
Location

29

Front View

Perspektif TAMPAKHADAPAN

Perspective View from Melaka RIver

Side View

Perspective View from Melaka RIver

30

PROPOSAL
Jetty Pick Up Point - Right

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE– Left

31

PROPOSALLEGARAN JEBAT – LeftPROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE – Left

32

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE– Left
Decorative
Pole Light

Shelter With Malacca
Architecture

EsplanadeDecorative Torch
Planter Box

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE– Left
Decorative
Pole Light

Shelter With Malacca
Architecture

EsplanadeDecorative Torch
Planter Box

33

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE– Left
Shelter With Malacca
Architecture

Decorative
Pole Light

Planter
Box

Decorative Torch

CONCEPTUAL IDEASZONE 1PANGLIMA AWANG
BRIDGERiver Info Center
Location

Option 2 for Water
Taxi Station & River
Info Center Site
Dragon Boat Jetty
EXISTING
CHINESETENPLEHANG
JEBATBRIDGE

Jebat Esplanade

UITM’S
BUILDING

Jetty Pick Up Point

Option 2 for Water Taxi
Station & River Info
Center Site

Proposed Alternative Site For River Info Center
Location

34

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE– Right

PROPOSALJEBAT ESPLANADE – Right

35

PROPOSALJETTY AT CHINESE TEMPLE - Right

PROPOSALJETTY AT CHINESE TEMPLE - Right
Water Taxi Jetty with ChineseArchitecture Design.

AFTER

36

PROPOSALJETTY AT CHINESE TEMPLE - Right
Water Taxi Jetty with ChineseArchitecture Design.

AFTER – Night View

ZONE 2Tun Razak
Bridge(Lebuh AMJ)
Water Taxi Station No. 2
Nature WalkNatural Waterfall
Pedestrian Bridge

Modern Village
Esplanade
Melaka River Walk
Board Walk
Treatment Plan
(Recreational Area)

Viewing
V
ew g
Tower

Terrace Plaza

Urban
EsplanadeWetland
Board Walk
Green Wall Screening

Panglima
Awang
Bridge37

PROPOSAL
River Esplanade - Right

PROPOSALRiver Esplanade -Right

38

PROPOSAL
River Esplanade -Right

PROPOSALMELAKA RIVER WALK - Right

39

PROPOSAL
MELAKA RIVER WALK - Right

PROPOSALMELAKA RIVER WALK - Right

40

PROPOSALWATER TAXI STATION - Right

PROPOSALWATER TAXI STATION - Right

41

PROPOSALWATER TAXI STATION - Right

PROPOSAL
Melaka River Walk - Right

42

PROPOSAL
Melaka River Walk - Right

ZONE 2Tun Razak
Bridge(Lebuh AMJ)
Water Taxi Station No. 2
Nature WalkNatural Waterfall
Pedestrian Bridge

Modern Village
Esplanade
Melaka River Walk
Board Walk
Treatment Plan
(Recreational Area)

Viewing
V
ew g
Tower

Terrace Plaza

Urban
EsplanadeWetland
Board Walk
Green Wall Screening

Panglima
Awang
Bridge43

PROPOSAL
GREEN WALL - LeftPROPOSALGREEN WALL - Left

44

PROPOSAL
GREEN WALL - LeftPROPOSAL
FIREFLY & WILDLIFE HABITAT - Left

45

PROPOSAL
FIREFLY & WILDLIFE HABITAT - Left
Nature observation deckis made from timber toblend with natural setting.

Restoration of original
habitat for indigenous
flora and fauna at theriver of Sungai Melaka.

Nature appreciation
through boardwalk
experience.

PROPOSAL
FIREFLY & WILDLIFE HABITAT - LeftNight view of bird sanctuary and small animal habitat.

46

PROPOSAL
FIREFLY & WILDLIFE HABITAT - LeftNight view of bird sanctuary and small animal habitat.

PROPOSAL
FIREFLY & WILDLIFE HABITAT - LeftNight view of bird sanctuary and small animal habitat.

47

PROPOSAL
KAMPUNG ENAM ESPLANADE - LeftPROPOSALKAMPUNG ENAM ESPLANADE - Left

48

PROPOSAL
Pedestrian Bridge - LeftPROPOSAL
Pedestrian Bridge - Left

49

PROPOSAL
BRIDGE 02 - JAMBATAN TUN RAZAK (AMJ)

BEFOR
E

PROPOSALBRIDGE 02 - JAMBATAN TUN RAZAK (AMJ)

Adaptation of the Masjid
Selat Melaka ‘s architecture

Islamic decorative pattern

AFTER

50

RIVER DREDGING

6km

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project– Parcel 2

3.5km

Melaka River Cleaning
and Beautification
Project

Melaka River
Cleaning andBeautification Project- Parcel 151

Cross Section 37m

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF
RIVER DREDGING

104

52

PROPOSED EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONFOR SG MELAKA RIVER DREDGINGMODULAR TYPE CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
Principal Particulars
1)
2)
3)

5-PIECE Hull allows Transport bytrucksSeparate Engines for Dredge Pump
and Hydraulic System andGenerator
Size of 6m (Width) x 18m (Length)

Dia. discharge
300 mmpipe
Mean draught
Pump Power
300 kW
1.55 mwith full bunkers
Dia suction pipe 300 mm Pump output
125 m3/hr
Cutter Power
40 kW
Dredging Depth 12.8 m
Breath6.0 m
including side
pontoons
Depth
2.44 mNo. of Engines 2
Length Overall 18.0 m

53

GEOTUBE DEWATERING

54

3 Stages of Geotube®
DewateringContainment Stage:g– Filling of tubes with slurry
waste and Ashlandpolymers
Dewatering Stage:– Drainage of free water fromtube
– Large volume reduction– Repeating Cycles:

Until tube is full with dry
solidsConsolidation Stage:– Drainage of pore waterfrom tube
D iif
i d fill

55

Geotube® Dewatering
Performance

Aquaculture Sludge

Oil Sludge

Effluent

Effluent

Coal Sludge

Sewage Digester Sludge

Effluent

Effluent56

Dry Solids - Typical Results Final Solids Result Depend On:– Polymer selection and dosage– Type of waste– Age of waste– Time for dewatering
Waste Material / Solids

Initial Solids

Final Solids

Biosolids

1% to 4%

15% to 25%+g
Agriculture

2% to 4%

20% to 30%+

Mineral Processing

3% to 10%

40% to 75%+

Industrial Waste Water

4% to 10%

25% to 75%+

Contaminated Sediments

10% to 14%

35% to 75%+

Dry Solids Handling
OptionsOn-sitedisposal

Recycled

Off-site disposal

57

Type of Geotube
Item Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

CircumferencemLengthm

Layflat widthmFill heightm

Working width
B1 (m)

Fill volume
m3

4.4
8.8
88
8.8
13.7
18.3
18.3
27.5
27.5
36.6
36.6

7.6
15.3
27 5
27.5
30.6
30.6
61.4
30.6
61.4
30.6
61.4

2.20
4.40
4 40
4.40
6.85
9.15
9.15
13.75
13.75
18.30
18.30

1.05
1.95
1 95
1.95
2.10
2.30
2.30
2.60
2.60
2.70
2.70

1.8
3.5
35
3.5
5.8
8.0
8.0
12.5
12.5
17.0
17.0

11
89
160
320
493
989
888
1782
1284
2576

Geotube GT500D/4.4m/7.6m
Geotube GT500D/8.8m/15.3m
Geotube GT500D/8.8m/27.5m
GT500D/8 8m/27 5m
Geotube GT500D/13.7m/30.6m
Geotube GT500D/18.3m/30.6m
Geotube GT500D/18.3m/61.4m
Geotube GT500D/27.5m/30.6m
Geotube GT500D/27.5m/61.4m
Geotube GT500D/36.6m/30.6m
Geotube GT500D/36.6m/61.4m

Fill Height
B1

Geotube® Installation –Step by Step
Process

116

58

Geotube Installation – Step 1
 Grade Site to Remove Debris
Debris, Sharp

Objects
 Level From Side to Side, With No MoreThan a 0.5% Grade From End to End

Geotube InstallationConstruct Containment
Berm 1/3 to 2/3 the Heightof the Geotube® Unit
Around the Perimeter Create Drainage: Dig
Trench Inside
Containment Berm,
Sloped for Positive
Drainage to Lower
End of Cell

 Unroll Geotube®
Bag Over
Drainage Mediaon the Upper Endof the DewateringCell.
 Align Using
Handling Straps.

59

Geotube Installation – Cont’dInstall an In-line
Mixing Manifold
System Include:– Injection Port– 90-degree Elbows
for Mixing– Sample Port Pump Some Sludge
Throughg a Return Line- Final Check Of Flocand Polymer Dose
Before Pumping
Geotube® Unit

 Connect a Flexible
Line to the FillingPort Pinch Valves are thePreferred Method toControl the Waste
StreamGEOTUBE60

61

RIVERBANK PROTECTION

RIVER BANK PROTECTION TYPE 1

62

RIVER BANK PROTECTION TYPE 2

RIVER BANK PROTECTION TYPE 3

63

RIVER BANK PROTECTION TYPE 4

RIVER BANK PROTECTION TYPE 5

64

65

INTERCEPTOR DRAINPOLLUTION CONTROL PLAN CONCEPT
Planning Approach

Possible Components
1.

Interceptor drains/tunnels
Sewerage Collection andtreatment upgradingConsider efforts by IWK and DoE

2.

Prevent entry into designatedreceiving
i i
water
t

3.

Treatment Plant (SW runoff
and DWF)



Provide treatment

4.

Community Treatment
Facilities for Industrial
Parks, Markets, Pasar
Malam & Eateries

5.

In stream Treatment
Facilities

6
6.

Off stream Treatment
Facilities

66

67

STORM WATER TREATMENT PLANT

STORM WATER TREATMENT PLANT

68

137

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS- most common- easy to operate

138

69

Activated Sludge Process
Why use Activated sludge ?
•It uses microorganism process•Most reliable process and low
cost to operate•Well known system
139

Activated Sludge Process
Influent

Aeration
Tank

Sedimentation
Tank
Effluent

MLSS

Diffuser O2
Return Activated Sludge (RAS)

Waste
Activated
Sludge (WAS)

MLSS = Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids
2000 mg/l
14070

AIR BUBBLES(oxygen)
NEEDED BY
MICROORGANISM

Diffusers

141

Extended Aeration Process - 21 hrs
 Aeration Tank with diffusers is designed to have longretention time of about 18 hours
 Secondary Settling Tank (SST) - 3 hrs

Sludge Wasting Sludge Recycle Line

Inluent

Aeration
A
ti T
Tank
k
HRT = 18 h
Return sludge

SST
3hr
SludgeWasting
142

71

Fine bubble aeration

143

SEQUENCING BATCH
REACTOR
SBR

144

72

SEQUENCINGBATCH REACTOR
Why use SBR ?
It is a biological aeration
process.

influent

Decant

Mixed
Fill

React
Fill

influent
Effluent
discharge

Popular due to simplicity andsmaller area requirement

WastedsludgeSettleIt does not require additional sedimentation
tank

React

145

•Equalisation
Equalisation tank
•Aeration tank•Air blower•Decanter•PLC control systemy•3 outlets for effluent discharge(manual decanting SBR)
146

73

SBR – aeration sequence iscontrolled

147

Decanter unit - KEE

148

74

Decanter unit - USFILTERFRP Foam Filled
Float Assembly

TWL

Draw Tube with Solids
Excludingl d Plugsl

BWL

FRP Discharge pipe

Hinged Knee Brace Assembly
Steel Reinforced Rubber
Flexible Connector
Automatic Effluent
Decant Valve

Rest position when tank
Is drained
Elbow and Spool
Decanter Rest Support

149

Sequencing Batch Reactor SBR
Decanter system

150

75

SBR – aeration tank
( 2 x 8 hrs = 16 hr)

Settling anddecanting
Filling and Aeration in progress

151

152

76

153

154

77

Air headers – provide oxygento the bottom of tank155

Membrane
air diffusers

156

78

BIOFIL SYSTEMUSING BIOFILM ON PLASTIC
MEDIA

157

AEROBIC BIOFIL – TARGETAMMONIA REMOVAL
Cosmo‐balls

GREASE TRAP
GRIT CHAMBEREQUALISATIONTANKAERATION TANKCOSMO-BALL
MEDIA

CLARIFIERDISINFECTION
PUMP SUMPAIR BLOWERSLUDGE TANKFINALDISCHARGE

158

79

BioFil System (12 hrs)
Nitrified effluent recycle line

New
Process(in EA
1st module)

1.5 hr

1.5 hr3 hr

Layout Plan
3 hr

Nitrified effluent recycle line

Raw
BOD 100 mg/l
AN
10 mg/lClarifier

Clarifier1.5QpeakCosmo‐balls

Anaerobic
1.5 hrAnoxic1.5 hrTreated
BOD 5 mg/l
AN
< 3 mg/l

Cosmo‐balls

Aerobic
2 stages - 6 hr
RAS

WAS

159

Innovative technology – use of
Cosmo--ball media for Biofil system
Cosmo

80

BioFil STP Fabrication is completed-cosmocosmo--balls are secured in a cage161

View of biomedia cage in Aeration
tank

81

VIEW 1VIEW 2163

Highly effective
treatment process able toremove Ammonia N toless than 3 mg/l.
A compact system (50%smaller) ‐ only 12 hours,
vs existing 24 hours tank.

164

82

g densityy of stableHighmicrobial biomass on
media
Suitable for upgrade
STP to Category I in
sensitive
iti catchmentt htareas.

165

BioFil ‐ The new process is suitable for IWK to upgrade their
STP easily at reduced time and cost in sensitive catchment
areas.

166

83

167

GROSS POLLUTANTS TRAP84

Operation Process of the
CDS Stormwater Unit
Unpolluted
Waterways

Polluted
RunoffStormwater

(with
trash
&
debris)

Stormwater((watert
only)

SolidsCollection
Sump(trash & debris)

CDS Model Showing Flows85

Concealed Storage Area

Maintenance By Lift Basket

86Maintenance By Vacuum Suction
MethodUsing Vacuum Suction Truck

WETLAND

87

CONCEPTUAL IDEASZONE 2

Jambatan Tun
Razak (Lebuh AMJ)
Water Taxi Station No. 2

Nature WalkNatural Waterfall
Pedestrian Bridge

Modern Village
Esplanade
Melaka River Walk
Board Walk
Treatment Plan
(Recreational Area)

Viewing
V
ew g
Tower

Terrace Plaza

Urban
EsplanadeWetland
Board Walk
Green Wall Screening

Jambatan
Panglima
Awang

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WETLAND

Phyto Remediation System

89

BACK TO PRODUCT LIST

90

RIVER OF LIFE for Greater Kuala Lumpur

http://www.riveroflife.com.my/91

RIVER OF LIFE for Greater Kuala Lumpur.
KLANG RIVER
BASIN

Upper Klang River
Catchment
 2 States• WPKL• Selangor
 Main River involved• Sg. Klang• Sg Ampang• Sg. Gombak• Sg Batu• Sg Bunus• Sg. Jinjang• Sg Kuyoh
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RIVER OF LIFE

| RIVER CLEANING

In order to bring life to the river, pollution must be reduced and water mustbe treatedAreas
of focus
Aspirationin cleaning river

Sg. Batu

Upstream

Sg. Gombak

Sg.
Ampang▪ Pollution source– 31 polluting factories– 484 squatter households1– 139 multipoint and 1 regional

▪
▪
Sg.
Klang

sewage treatment plants (STP)
that needs significant and long
overdue upgrade
Length: 73km (Sg. Batu-25km, Sg.
Gombak-30 km, Sg. Ampang-18 km)
Local authority: Ampang Jaya &Selayang

Kuala Lumpur

MP Sepang

Tackling thepollution sources is
key to transform andmaintain Klang riveras Class IIB(recreational use
with body contact)▪ Pollution source:– 304 polluting factories– 838 squatter households1– 204 multipoint and 7 regional
STPs that need significant
upgrade and regionalisation▪ Length: 40 km (Sg. Klang)▪ Local authority: DBKL

1 Squatter households within 500m radius of the river
SOURCE: KLCH, BULETIN J/KUASA PERANCANG N. SELANGOR 2010 BI 2/2010; DOE’S DATABASE
2009, IWK inputs 201092

RIVER OF LIFE

| RIVER CLEANING

Transforming the Klang river requires an integrated approach that stops
pollution at the source
Aspiration

Key initiatives

Class III
(unsafe for bodycontact)▪ Decrease ammoniacal▪
▪

nitrogen1 from 0.9 to 0.3 mg/l
Decrease biological oxygen
demand2 from 6 to 3 mg/l
Decrease suspended solids3
from 150 to 50 mg/l

Class IIB
(recreationaluse with bodycontact)

Summary description

1▪ Sewage andsullagemanagement▪2 Squatter▪3 Drainage andrelocationflow
management4▪ Promote,enforce, andmanage rivercleanliness1▪ Upgrade existing sewage
systems to decrease pollutantsfrom entering into the river2▪ Enforce the “zero-squatter”
policy through local authorities
to prevent squatter waste
3▪ Upgrade drainage systems toprevent flooding and maintainwater quantity
Enforcefwatert wastet guidelines
id li
4▪ E
for residents, factories, andcommercial outlets throughlocal authorities

1 Ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) is a toxic pollutant often found in sewage and landfill
2 Higher biological oxygen demand (BOD) BOD indicates higher presence of microorganisms, suggestinghigher pollution
3 Suspended solid (SS) is organic and inorganic particle (e.g., waste, sand) that increases turbidity and reduces
oxygen content
SOURCE: Lab analysis

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Conclusion
Policy – begin with Federal Constitution
Rightly placed policy will help in attaining water quality
targetClean and beautiful river invites public appreciation ofwater and nature
Generates country economy through eco-tourism andinline with IWRM approach

Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)
Defined as :“the process that promotes the coordinateddevelopment and management of resources in
the natural environment (water, land, flora andfauna) in order to maximise the resultant
economic and social welfare in an equitablemanner without compromising thesustainability of vital eco-systems”(Integrated Water Resources Management, Global Water PartnershipTechnical,Advisory Committee Background Papers, No. 4, 2000.)94

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