Now & Future 2022
The 4th Research andDevelopment 20 for
Clean Energy Technologies
October 4th–6th, 2022

CONTENTS

PREFACE
What is RD20? Research and Development 20 for clean energy technologies........................... 1
What is Now & Future? ................................................................................................................ 1
Leaders Statement and Leaders Recommendations ................................................................... 2
LEADERS STATEMENT ..............................................................................................................3
LEADERS RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................................................6

1. Messages
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry ……………………Mr. NISHIMURA Yasutoshi . 12
Parliamentary Secretary of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology………………Mr. YAMAMOTO Sakon .... 14
Parliamentary Secretary of Ministry of the Environment…… Mr. KUNISADA Yuto .......... 16
Chair of RD20 (President of AIST) …………………………… Mr. ISHIMURA Kazuhiko ....18
2. Technical Session(1) Program ........................................................................................................................ 20(2) Executive Summary of Technical Session ..................................................................... 24
3. Leaders Session(1) Program......................................................................................................................... 26(2) RD20 Chair.................................................................................................................... 27(3) Keynote Speech
Dr. YOSHINO Akira ................................................................................................... 28
Ms. Maria DiGiulian ................................................................................................... 35(4) Reports of Technical Session and Workshop
Dr. OBARA Haruhiko ................................................................................................. 43
4. Summaries of RD20 Members’ Institutes ― R&D Activities and Collaboration(1) Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) .......................................... 49(2) Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) .... 55(3) Canada: National Research Council Canada (NRC) ...................................................... 64(4) China: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,

Chinese Academy of Sciences （DICP, CAS） ...................... 76(5) European Union: Joint Research Centre (JRC) .............................................................80(6) France: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) ........................................84(7) France: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) ............ 92(8) Germany: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fh-G) ......................................................................98(9) Germany: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fh-ISE) ............................... 116(10) India: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).......................................................127(11) Italy: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy andSustainable Economic Development (ENEA) ...........................136(12) Republic of Korea: Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) ...................................164(13) Mexico: Center for Research and Advanced Studies of
the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV) ......................172(14) Republic of South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) ..........179(15) Turkey: TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (MAM) ..................................................189(16) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:
UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) ................................. 202(17) United States of America: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ................207(18) Japan: National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) ................................................213(19) Japan: RIKEN ..............................................................................................................224(20) Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) .......229

PrefaceWhat is RD20?: Research and Development 20 for clean energy technologies
Breakthrough innovation is a key for realizing the Virtuous Cycle of Environment andEconomy by developing new technology solutions for energy transitions. For
breakthrough innovation, it is important to make the best use of world-leading expertiseand knowledge.
G20 members, which account for a major portion of the global CO2 emissions, areexpected to lead the innovative research for promoting energy transitions. In particular,
leading R&D institutes of G20 members, which carry out cutting-edge research on clean
energy, could play a significant role in maximizing global potential of innovation by
developing research alliances among the members, thereby accelerating international
collaborations including joint R&D activities.
In these circumstances, at the Davos meeting in January 2019, Former Prime Minister
ABE Shinzo invited top-class experts from G20 countries and regions to cooperate inaccelerating innovation from the perspective of addressing climate change and topromote international collaboration.
In line with the government initiative, the international conference “Research andDevelopment 20 for clean energy technologies (RD20)” has been held since 2019 bygathering the heads of leading R&D institutes from G20 members. It aims to strengtheninternational collaboration and promote innovation by key R&D institutes from G20
members which lead cutting-edge technology development to realize a carbon neutral
society. RD20 provides opportunities to exchange R&D and best practice of clean-energy
related technologies and opportunities to seek feasibility of international collaborative
study. RD20 also has a role to develop and deepen new partnership among relatedindustry- government-academia stakeholders.



What is Now & Future?
The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
summarized the abstracts submitted by participating institutes as “Now & Future”.
In addition, AIST conducted a questionnaire survey of participating research institutes
regarding focused area of R&D, and summarized the results by research areas, basic
research/demonstration, and timeline. (See section 4.2)
We hope that it will be utilized for creating and promoting new international collaboration
based on the framework of RD20.

1“Leaders Statement” and “Leaders Recommendations”
At the 3rd RD20 in 2021, the leaders of RD20 member institutes shared the urgency tosignificantly increase international collaboration of Research and Development to
mitigate climate change. Leaders Statement summarizes such common understandingsof the necessity to develop future technologies.

In order to actionize the Leaders Statement, the leaders discussed specific actions forfurther collaboration and adopted recommendations at the 4th RD20 in 2022. The
Leaders Recommendations contains general information such as the role and venue ofRD20 as well as specific collaboration areas like summer schools.

2

Leaders Statement
We, the leaders of the ” Research and Development 20 for Clean Energy Technologies” (RD20)
member institutes, met together virtually on 8 October 2021 to discuss the facilitation ofinternational collaboration towards achieving carbon neutrality, as part of the 3rd RD20
international conference hosted by Japan’s National Institute of Advanced Industrial Scienceand Technology (AIST).
This statement summarizes our shared understanding regarding the urgency to significantly
increase international collaboration, in order to accelerate Research and Development (R&D) toenable the clean energy transformation that is required to mitigate climate change. Members
recognize and support the need to accelerate the deployment of current technologies and thedevelopment of future technologies, as well as to increase fundamental research that addresses
critical challenges and important issues.
Definition of terms
In this Statement, the definition of terms is as follows:
Conference: RD20 conference.
Member: a member institute participating in the RD20 conference.
Framework
1) RD20 is an important framework for a global approach towards achieving carbon neutrality.
We will leverage the RD20 framework to strengthen, explore, and develop new partnerships
among stakeholders, including industry, government, and academia, to advance and support
the R&D of clean energy technologies. RD20 can build on, yet be distinct from, existing
international frameworks and mechanisms which include Mission Innovation.
2) There is a strong need for increased and sustained funding for international collaboration,
including joint funding for bilateral and multilateral collaboration.
3) Each Member may take various approaches toward its support for achieving carbon neutrality,
depending on natural, social, political, and economic environments. We will complement
regional approaches, particularly in emerging technology areas, by developing knowledge,
experience and technologies.
4) Capacity-building is essential to the sustainable development of technology and industry. This3

includes the development of both human resources and research facilities. We recognize theimportance of supporting capacity-building in emerging technology areas through education,
training, and exchanges of knowledge and expertise by researchers. This includes developing
joint workforce and training programs, engaging in personnel exchanges, and sharing clean
energy curricula to achieve broad inclusion and diversity in the workforce of the future.
5) We recognize the important role of intellectual property in technology development, and theneed for proper management within the framework of RD20.
Communication (Awareness)
6) To achieve global carbon neutrality, we will raise awareness of climate issues and solutions
among a broad range of economically, socially, and culturally diverse communities. We will
do this through dissemination of reliable information, new ideas and technologies for
decarbonization, and by establishing intellectual infrastructures such as consistent approaches
for measuring carbon impacts and climate issues.
7) To enhance mutual understanding among Members, we will utilize public relations andcommunication channels, including international forums, workshops, and knowledge sharing
on digital platforms..
Moving Forward8) We will pursue a number of mechanisms to enhance international collaboration as follows:-

Develop standards and common metrics for analysis and energy technology impacts,
including a common language for key concepts such as carbon footprint, life cycle,
and sustainability-

Support energy-focused summer schools and related forums-

Host joint workshops on key topics with impactful outcomes, such as position
papers, publications on status/needs, roadmaps, and common views-

Conduct roadmapping activities which include building on Mission Innovation andother roadmaps-

Collect and share information summarizing on-going projects and achievements,
existing collaborations, agreements, funding opportunities, collaborative researchfacilities and infrastructure, and lessons-learned from past collaborations.

9) To realize carbon neutrality, various approaches to utilizing clean energy technologies, andsystem changes by various sectors and regions should be considered. Technical sessions in4the Conference highlighted prioritized issues and approaches. A wide range of technology
options and systems will be needed, including but not limited to, renewable energy generation,
storage and integration; hydrogen; carbon capture, storage and utilization; and nextgeneration energy management systems.
10) More collaborative R&D projects are needed to enhance mutual understanding in specificresearch subjects. Institutions are encouraged to look for projects that can yield long-term
collaborations. We recognize that the Taskforce activity proposed in the 2nd Conference wasa good platform for creating, prioritizing and incubating joint projects among Members, andbelieve this could be expanded for broader participation and coordination in focused areas.
Additional Comments
This statement refers solely to discussions regarding the furthering of RD20 goals, and is notintended to be a contractual agreement for the exchange of proprietary information. Any specificissues derived from the cooperation within the RD20 framework, including appropriate details
concerning financial arrangements, treatment of confidential information, allocation andprotection of any rights, and establishment of obligations, should be separately agreed upon inwriting among relevant Members. We acknowledge that nothing contained in this statement islegally binding.
This statement will be updated and modified annually at the Conference.

5Overview of Leader Session

Overview of Leaders Recommended Actions
Adopted in the Leaders Session of
the 4th RD20 Conference on Oct 6, 2022

1

Overview of RD20‐IV Leaders Session..significantly increase international collaboration to accelerate Research, Development and
Demonstration to enable the clean energy transformation that is required to mitigate climatechange.

Overall Goals of the Leaders Session• Actionize the RD20 Leaders Statement• Finalize and adopt a set of recommendations for RD20 leaders‐ Specific actions for collaboration‐ Task International Advisory Board to create and lead the RD20 working group/action committee‐ Identify future RD20 meetings/venues• Gather input from RD20 leaders on additional actions/benefits for moving RD20 forward

2

6

Recommendations adopted by RD20 Leaders—2022
GENERAL• RD20 institutions are committed to the Leader Statement, and to enhancing international collaborations• RD20 can play important and distinct roles as a collection of research institutions• RD20 institutions are committed to coordinating with other international initiatives,
e.g. Mission Innovation, Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), IEA (International Energy Agency), and others
SPECIFIC ACTIONS• Japan/AIST will remain RD20 Secretariat—all RD20 members are very grateful.
• The RD20 International Advisory Board shall be tasked with convening, leading and coordinating an
RD20 action committee (working group) to develop an execution plan to facilitate and monitor
collaborations. They shall coordinate with the RD20 Secretariat• The venue of future RD20 annual meetings shall be rotated—odd years (2023, 25, …) in Japan ,even years (2024, 26, …) to be hosted by another RD20 institution in their country• The five collaboration areas serve as an excellent starting point for increased collaborations, beginningwith existing resources at RD20 institutions‐ Summer Schools‐ Communication/Knowledge sharing‐ Workshops‐ Taskforce
3‐ Researcher exchange

Task RD20 International Advisory Board to Create
RD20 Action Committee/Working Group
Task RD20 International Advisory Board to convene, lead andcoordinate an RD20 action committee (working group) to develop an
execution plan to facilitate and monitor collaborations to accelerate
the R&D needed for clean energy transformation• The Action Committee will be comprised of members from theAdvisory Board and a few additional representatives from RD20
institutions not on the advisory board (TBC).
• Each RD20 leader would appoint one representative to the
Action Committee.

Roles/Responsibilities for the Action Committee• Develop, assess, and prioritize recommendations and actions• Meet and communicate regularly (e.g. bi‐monthly)• Recommend effective tools for regular communication• Identify and assess distinguishing features of RD20 collaboration,• Identify knowledge sharing infrastructure/tools• Provide recommendations and progress to RD20 Secretariat
7

RD20 International Advisory Board(lead for Working Group/Action Committee)
Michio Kondo (AIST, Japan)
Bill Tumas (NREL, USA)
Christopher Hebling (Fh‐ ISE, Germany)
Florence Lefebvre‐Joud (CEA‐Liten, France)
Abdelilah Slaoui (CNRS, France)
Christian Thiel (JRC, EU)
David Harris (CSIRO, Australia)
Expand advisory board by a few members (TBC)
Adv board will work with Secretariat

Summer Schools
Communication/Knowledge sharing
Workshops
Taskforce
Researcher exchange
4Proposed Schedule/Venues for Future RD20 Meetings

Proposal: rotate venue for RD20 annual meeting with other countries, with Japan hosting every other year
• Odd years (2023, 2025, …)• Even years (2024, 2026 …) other RD20 institutions• Process for volunteering and selecting future venues to be developed• Secretariat will draft a process for selection ; Secretariat will coordinate with the RD20 members by Jan
2023.
• Future decisions will be made at the RD20 annual leaders meeting 2 years in advance.

5

High Level Recommendations/Actions for Collaboration• Summer school: Start with RD summer school in Grenoble, France, summer 2023
• Communication/Knowledge sharing: Task Advisory Board/Action Committee to propose
communication tools/mechanisms and infrastructure needs for collecting/sharing databases.
• Workshops: Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop; co‐led by NREL, AIST, Fh‐ISE. RD20 institutions canparticipate in the next Terawatt Workshop. Will also work to develop workshops for carbon
management focused on CCU (Carbon dioxide Capture and Utilization) value proposition andintegration themes.
• Taskforces: Expand PV(Photovoltaic power generation) taskforce. Create 2 new taskforces: Hydrogen
LCA(Life Cycle Assessment), and environmental assessment of large‐scale Photovoltaic deployment.
• Researcher exchange: Significant interest in starting with some short‐term visitor programs among
RD20 institutions. Will collect and communicate information on current exchange programs at RD20
institutions and in RD20 countries. Capacity‐building in emerging technology areas through education,
training, and exchanges of knowledge/expertise by researchers.
68Annex Summer School Outcome of Technical Session and Workshop for International
Collaboration (Workshop)•••

Taskforce on Hydrogen Life Cycle Assessment and Techno‐ Economic Analysis
Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop
New Taskforces on PV

7

Summer School
Objective: Disseminate a common culture & understanding of carbon
neutrality to young researchers within G20 countries (but not only)Outcome : recommendation by the students to the RD20 leaders meeting on the decarbonationof energy systems (presented by an invited student) and possibly presented also to G20; ‐creation of an “International Alumni Network”• When: 1 week June or July 2023
• Where: France / Grenoble• Attendance: ~up to 60 students from G20 countries selected by the RD20 committee (region,
expertise, gender  up to 5 students per country)• Next step: Application platform to open in January 2023  relay the summer school in eachcountry by RD20 members
Summer School 2024: proposal from Indonesia
89Outcome of Technical Session & Workshop
Hydrogen Life Cycle Assessment & & Techno‐Economic Analysis 1/2

Conclusions of the discussions:
Common expression of current needs :• For common metrics and harmonized methodologies to evaluate Carbon Content of H2 or H2 based
molecules, and also for evaluating risks/benefits other than economics,• For sharing assumptions and boundary conditions that determine the analysis with performancerequirements• For sharing data to increase LCA inventory

Additional consensual remarks:• Incorporate sustainability and social acceptance,• Incorporate safety aspects, recycling possibilities• Consider local specificities and environmental justice• Coordination with IPHE (International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy)
running taskforce (focused on C Content of H2 produced/transported) as well as other initiatives,and possibly expand their approaches to H2 based molecules & e‐fuels• Analyze any scenario or solution that could help, not only “ideal” cases
9

Outcome of Technical Session & Workshop
Hydrogen Life Cycle Assessment & & Techno‐Economic Analysis 2/2

Conclusions of the discussions and ideas for further cooperation :Consensus to form a Taskforce on broad area of LCSA (Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment)• propose priorities at an international level for R&D&I, demonstration or experimentation
at large scale• provide sound advice, with a common voice, to G20 countries
LEAD: Dr. Amgad Elgowainy (tbc)
Argonne National Lab, USA
CO‐LEAD: Dr. Nawshad Haque
CSIRO, Australia

Participants:
Dr. Myriam Merad ‐ CNRS, France
Dr. Yuki Kudoh ‐ AIST, Japan
Mr. Thomas Roos ‐ CSIR, South Africa
Dr. Souvik Bhattacharjya ‐ TERI, India
Dr. Eniya Listiani Dewi – BRIN, Indonesia
Dr. Monika Bosilj – Fraunhofer ISE – Germany+ Canada, Argentina, EU

+
LEAD

10

CO‐LEAD10

Outcome of Technical Session & Workshop
Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop

Conclusions of the discussions and ideas for further cooperation : Consensus to form Taskforce on Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop format• Focus on questions on how to scale up electrolyzer capacities to GW/TW.
• What is needed in terms of new catalysts, new or adopted production
technologies, safety research, recycling technologies, political framing andfinancial incentives ?
• Outcome: high impact scientific publications
Participants: Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling, Fraunhofer ISE, Germany
Dr. Yuki Kudoh, AIST, Japan
Dr. Bryan Pivovar, NREL, USA
Expression of Interest: CSIRO, Australia; CEA and CNRS, France; JRC, Europe;
BRIN, Indonesia+
11

Founding Members

Outcome of Technical Session & Workshop
Taskforce on PV

SCOPE:
1. Achieve advanced PV performance characterization techniques with high precision andconformity for high‐efficiency novel PV devices (cells and modules)
2. Improve PV performance characterization techniques for all devices by capacity building
for the world PV community.
New proposed sub‐topic: Environmental Assessment for large Scale PV

Participating Members+
LEAD

CO‐LEADFounding Members

1211

1. Messages

1. Messages
Yasutoshi NISHIMURA
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry

Good afternoon, everyone.
My name is NISHIMURA Yasutoshi, and I am the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
It is my great pleasure to tell you that the RD20 Leaders’ Session is taking place today aspart of the TOKYO GX WEEK.
With the aim of realizing a “virtuous circle of economy and environment,” the Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry is holding TOKYO GX WEEK from September 26th. This isa series of international conferences related to energy and the environment.
This event is the new and improved version of Tokyo Beyond-Zero Week, which was held
last year. We changed it to focus more on green transformation. There were eight
conferences in this event last year, which we have expanded to 10 this year.
We established the GX Executive Conference this past July with the goal of achievingcarbon neutrality in Japan by 2050. Since then, we have been discussing how to concretely
achieve green transformation.
In order to achieve green transformation, it is essential to generate innovation throughresearch and development, and the results should be shared across the world.
As we build on that concept, the RD20 Leaders’ Session is significant because leaders fromnational institutes overseas gather to discuss international collaborations that generate12technical innovations.
A Leaders Statement was adopted at last year’s RD20 that was the result of a three-year
discussion. To put this international agreement into practice, a concrete action plan must be
formulated, which is a big goal at today’s RD20.
I have been informed that at this year’s meeting, policies for achieving further international
collaboration will be discussed. This includes collaborative international research on solar
cells and hydrogen, and training for high-level research and development human resources.
In establishing a concrete action plan, I expect that RD20 will be transformed from being
an annual conference to being initiative which is active throughout the year.
As we build on that concept, the RD20 Leaders’ Session is significant because leaders fromnational institutes overseas gather to discuss international collaborations that generatetechnical innovations.
A Leaders Statement was adopted at last year’s RD20 that was the result of a three-year
discussion. To put this international agreement into practice, a concrete action plan must be
formulated, which is a big goal at today’s RD20.
I have been informed that at this year’s meeting, policies for achieving further international
collaboration will be discussed. This includes collaborative international research on solar
cells and hydrogen, and training for high-level research and development human resources.
In establishing a concrete action plan, I expect that RD20 will be transformed from being
an annual conference to being initiative which is active throughout the year.
I too will join you on the journey to achieve green transformation.
I am grateful for the tremendous contributions you have made thus far and wish you all thebest in your future endeavors. I hope today’s session will deliver major outcomes. Thankyou for listening.
October 6, 2022, NISHIMURA Yasutoshi, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.

13

Sakon Yamamoto
Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

I am Sakon Yamamoto, Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology.
On behalf of MEXT, a co-sponsor of this event, I would like to express mycongratulations to the organizers on the holding of this RD 20 Conference, where topmost
experts from research institutions representing the G20 member countries and regions
will discuss climate change issues.
As you all know, global warming, fueled by excessive carbon dioxide emissions incountries around the world, has been rapidly growing in severity in recent years. It has
become one of the major problems facing the international community.
In order to achieve carbon neutrality, it is incumbent on industries, academia andgovernments around the world to pool their capabilities to produce innovative solutions
through research and development.
Today I hope that the experts from research institutions gathered here from across theglobe will have active discussions on innovations in the environmental energy field andthat our international cooperation can be further advanced.
MEXT is enhancing its support for basic R&D and human resources development at
national research and development agencies and universities while collaborating with14

efforts by industry for producing innovative green transformation technologies.
Specifically, we are continuing our support for :
•

•
•
•

Research and development on hydrogen production and liquefaction and nextgeneration storage batteries, including solid-state batteries, at the National Institutefor Materials Science, NIMS;
R&D on the production of biofuels and bioplastics at RIKEN;
R&D on nuclear fusion energy at the National Institutes for Quantum Science andTechnology, QST;
Innovative technology development such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactor at
the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JAEA.

I wish to thank all of you for your great contributions and sincerely hope that today’s
meeting will be very fruitful. Thank you.

15

Yuto Kunisada
Parliamentary Secrertary of Ministry of the Environment

I would like to extend my greetings on the occasion of the 4th RD20.
Since 2019, the RD20 has invited top-class experts on clean energy from the G20 countries
to create a forum for information sharing on research development and joint international
research opportunities.
Discussions at this 3rd RD20 will provide an opportunity to expand research on clean energy
technologies. I sincerely hope that it contributes to Japan’s push toward global
decarbonization.
At COP26 last year, the international community agreed on the 1.5-degree target. To reachthe 1.5-degree target, the development of new technologies in addition to the existing ones
is essential. The G20 countries account for around 80% of global emissions, and, as aconsequence, we are expected to bear the corresponding responsibility. It can be said that
our contribution to the development of new technologies as discussed at the RD20 is aconcrete response to such expectation.
In this RD20, we will discuss in particular on the themes of “Hydrogen Lifecycle
Assessment and Techno Economic Analysis,” “Renewable Energy Generation andIntegration,” and “Carbon Management.” These important technologies will be key on ourpath toward decarbonization.
In Japan, the Ministry of the Environment has implemented pilot projects to establish the16

supply chain of decarbonized hydrogen, including hydrogen production and transportation
using local resources, in 11 regions to date. Toward the realization of a Hydrogen Society,Japan is working on establishing the whole supply chain from production to consumption
at the local level, which will lead to CO2 emission reduction.
Let me conclude by wishing that the discussions at the 4th RD20 will contribute to broaden
research in clean energy technologies and drive global decarbonization from the technicalperspective. Thank you very much.

17

ISHIMURA Kazuhiko
RD20 Chair (President of AIST)

Good morning, good afternoon, good evening to all Distinguished Guests, RD20 delegatesand participants.
It is my great honor and pleasure to welcome all of you to the 4th RD20 Leaders Session.
I am grateful to all RD20 delegates here today for coming to Japan despite COVID-19
difficulties. I know that some delegates flew over 20,000 km to be here. I am also grateful
to our online participants. It may be early morning or the middle of the night for some ofyou.
I believe our collective willpower and efforts shall lead to the realization of a carbon neutral
society.
I would also like to thank Mr. NISHIMURA, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, for
his video message.
“RD20,” is an international conference of clean energy research institutes of G20 members.
The purpose of RD20 is to realize a carbon-neutral society through international
collaboration on clean energy technologies.
The first RD20 conference was held in October, 2019. We welcomed delegates from 24
institutes in G20 countries to Tokyo. Because of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the 2nd
conference in 2020 and the 3rd conference in 2021 had to be held online.

18

The Leaders Statement was the key achievement of the 3rd conference. It summarizes ourshared understanding regarding the urgency to significantly increase international
collaboration, in order to accelerate Research and Development to enable the clean energy
transformation toward achieving carbon neutrality.
We are still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic in many areas around the world.
However, I am pleased that more than 58 % of the delegates are participating in-person in
the 4th RD20. The key objective this time is to actionize the 2021 Leaders Statement toenhance international collaboration. Development of organizational frameworks is also
necessary to implement RD20 initiatives.
The structure of the 4th RD20 is as follows.
The conference started with the Technical Sessions on Oct 4th. We had 4 plenary speakers
from ICEF, NEDO, CNRS and Fraunhofer Institute. A further 22 speakers from 11 institutes
were invited to present in the three technology areas, which are, hydrogen, renewableenergy, and carbon management. I appreciate the excellent presentations from the speakers
followed by valuable discussion concerning future international collaboration.
The aim of the Workshop for International Collaboration on Oct 5th was to specify andprioritize concrete technologies for establishing Taskforce activities and international
collaborations. Topics on photovoltaics, hydrogen and ammonia were selected for
discussion, based on presentations by task groups concerning their own practicalinternational collaboration activities.
The Leaders Session today addresses general and strategic viewpoints for international
collaboration. This session includes a Round Table Discussion to facilitate in-depth debate
among members. We will discuss general matters for organization management, andspecific topics on taskforces, capacity building, and common metrics, to implement the
Leaders Statement.
Carbon neutrality is not just a cost, but a powerful driver for sustainable growth in the next
generation. To that end, I hope this conference and the Leaders Session today will be fruitfulfor all, and that international collaboration will advance further toward achieving carbon
neutrality.
Thank you.

19

2. Technical Session

(1) Program■ Technical Session: Tuesday October 4th
9:30

Opening Addresses：Dr. Haruhiko Obara (AIST) /Dr. William Tumas (NREL, US)
Plenary Session

9:45

Dr. Akira Yabe (NEDO)“Research and Development Tasks Towards Carbon Neutrality of 2050 —NEDO’s Challenges—

10:15

Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling (Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)“Green molecules for a sustainable global energy system”

10:45 Dr. Abdelilah Slaoui (CNRS, France)
11:15

Break

Parallel Session

 Theme1: Hydrogen Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno Economic Analysis
(TEA)

12:45

12:50

Speaker

Job Title, Affiliation

Moderator: Dr.
Florence LefebvreJoud

CEA-Liten, France

Dr. Nawshad Haque CSIRO, Australia

Techno Economic Analysis ofRenewable Hydrogen andAmmonia supply chains

CNRS-Paris
Dauphine, France

Sustainability of territorialtransitions toward
Decarbonated Hydrogen: amultidisciplinary, multi-actors
and multi-criteria approach

Argonne NationalLab, USLife Cycle Analysis (LCA)
and Techno Economic
Analysis (TEA) of Hydrogen
Production Pathways andEnd Use Applications

AIST, Japan

Contribution of Capital
Goods on the “Life Cycle
CO2 Emissions of Hydrogen
Technology – A Case ofAmmonia Power Generation–

CSIR, South Africa

Economics of Green
Hydrogen production inSouth Africa

13:15
Dr. Myriam Merad

13:40
Dr. Amgad A.
Elgowainy
14:05
Dr. Yuki Kudoh

14:30

14:55

Presentation Title

Mr. Thomas RoosGroup１ Panel discussion20

15:20

Break

15:50

Dr. Monika Bosilj

Fraunhofer ISE,
Germany

Catalysis for Power-to-X
Processes

NREL, US

Reducing the Risk of
Deploying Hydrogen
Technologies through LargeScale R&D

TERI, India

Environmental Sustainability
Assessment of Different
Beverage Packaging
Substrates in India Using
LCA

Fraunhofer IEG,
Germany

Hydrogen infrastructures in
an integrated European
energy system –determinants and modelling
options

16:15
Dr. Jennifer Kurtz
16:40
Mr. Souvik
Bhattacharjya
17:05
Prof. Dr. Mario
Ragwitz
17:30
Dr. Farid Bensebaa NRC, Canada

Integrated and bottom-up
LCA /TEA framework and its
use to support research andpolicy – Hydrogen CaseStudy

17:55 –
Group2 Panel discussion
18:20
 Theme2: Renewable Energy Generation and Integration

12:45
12:50

13:15

13:40

Speaker

Job Title, Affiliation

Moderator: Dr.
Christian Thiel

JRC, EU

Dr. Nancy Haegel

NREL, USPV at Multi-Terawatt Scale:
Today’s Choices, Tomorrow’s
Role

Dr. Tetsuya Kogaki

AIST, Japan

Recent R&D activities in
AIST for Japan’s offshore
wind power deployment

Dr. Gareth Erfort

CSIR, South Africa

Offshore wind opportunities
for South Africa

14:05
Ms. Kate Cavanagh CSIRO, Australia
14:30

Break

14:55

Mr. Shirish S Garud TERI, India
21

Presentation Title

Accelerating thetransformation of theAustralian energy grid

Making India’s Renewable
Energy Targets a reality

15:20

INTI, Argentina

IOT for Integration of
Renewable Energy

Dr. Kenji Otani

AIST, Japan

Advanced R&D Platform for
Decarbonized Power Grid
with Inverter-based
Distributed Energy
Resources

Dr. Georgia
Kakoulaki

JRC, EU

Floating photovoltaics, asolution to combine hydroand solar power

Mr. Marcos Politi

15:45

16:10

16:35Panel discussion
17:30
 Theme3: Carbon Management

12:45

Speaker

Job Title, Affiliation

Moderator: Dr.
David Harris

CSIRO, Australia
NREL, US

Challenges andOpportunities for Carbon
Dioxide Capture andUtilization

NRC, Canada

Opportunities in Bioenergy
and Waste-to-Energy with
Carbon Capture Utilizationand Storage in Canada

AIST, Japan

Current review and activities
of LCA for carbon
mineralization

CSIR, South Africa

Carbon Capture andUtilisation (CCU) research
activities at the South Africa’s
Council for Scientific andIndustrial Research (CSIR)CSIRO, Australia

Emerging CO2 capture
technologies for DAC and‘hard to abate’ industry
sectors

Dr. Atul Sharma

AIST, Japan

Innovative application ofchemical-looping technology
for CO2 reduction, recycle
and removal

Dr. Valérie Keller

CNRS/University ofStrasbourg, France

Different approaches for CO2
reduction and valorisation

12:50
Dr. William Tumas
13:15

13:40

Dr. Jennifer
Littlejohns
Dr. Shinichirou
Morimoto

14:05
Dr. Nicholas
Musyoka
14:30

Break

14:55
Dr. Graeme Puxty
15:20

15:45

Presentation Title

22using Solar Energy within the
French Solar Fuels Network
16:10

Prof. Dr. Eniya
Listiani Dewi

BRIN, Indonesia

16:35Panel discussion
17:30

23

Get Carbon Neutral andEconomic Benefit in 2060

Executive Summary of Technical Session
4th RD20 conference, October 4th.
Technical session was held in-person and partly on-line for better communication on October 4th,2022. The session consists of a Plenary session in the morning, and Parallel sessions in the afternoon
for three themes followed by the panel discussion to identify collaborative areas among RD20
Members.
Conclusions of the discussion were reported in the Leaders Session on October 6th by moderators of
the three sessions.
Theme 1: Hydrogen LCA and TEA
Common expression of current needs:
 For common metrics and harmonized methodologies to evaluate Carbon Content of H2 or H2
based molecules and also for evaluating risks/benefits other than economics,
 For sharing assumptions and boundary conditions that determine the analysis,
 For sharing data to increase LCA inventory.
Additional consensual remarks:
 Incorporate sustainability and social acceptance, Consider local specificities and environmental justice, Coordination with IPHE running task force (focused on C Content of H2 produced/transported)
as well as other initiatives, and possibly expand their approaches to H2 based molecules & efuels,
 Analyze any scenario or solution that could help, not only “ideal” cases.
Based on these analysis RD20 will have the ability to: Propose priorities at international level for R&D&I, demonstration or experimentation at large
scale,
 Provide sound advice, with a common voice, to G20 countries.
 Consensus to form a task force on broad area of LCSA
Theme 2: Renewable Energy Generation and Integration
Conclusions of the discussions and ideas for further cooperation
 Continue further knowledge sharing on the topics to identify synergies, differences and gaps sothat possible avenues for cooperation can be identified.
 Multi- Terawatt Workshop, interested RD20 members can join and contribute, contact point
Nancy Haegel, NREL.

24

 Smart grids, interoperability, and artificial intelligence, exchange further on ongoing activities
in various regions.
 Offshore Wind power, methods for wind power estimation (for example through LiDAR) andcomparison with field data.
 Floating PV, interest to study situation for India and details for South Africa, contact point
Georgia Kakoulaki, JRC.
Theme 3: Carbon Management
Key Themes and Challenges
 Covered the CO2 ‘value’ chains and lifecycle systems
 CO2 capture, utilization and conversion, storage
 Scale of decarbonisation issues and meaningful impacts need to be understood(this is not a ‘cottage industry’) Decarbonisation of multiple industry sectors is complex and often highly interdependent acrosssectors.
 Integration is key
 Power, manufacturing, agriculture, mineral processing, metallurgical processes, transport…
 Carbon is integral to many industries – atmospheric CO2 is the issue Opportunities for industrial scale innovation
 Established industries – CO2 capture, recycle, storage,
 Integration in existing and new processes Learning across sectors from scale-up in power and oil/gas sector
 Sustainable fuels, fertilisers, products etc. where fossil derived CO2 can be replaced New synthesis and decarbonisation pathways
 Power to X, biological processes…

 Transparent Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) is key to ensuring ‘sensible’ pathways are explored Discussion around effective collaboration opportunities and First Steps for RD20
 Different perspectives and capabilities across the RD20 community enable entire energy andCO2 value chains to be addressed Renewable energy supply, storage, distribution and export, utilisation CO2 and environmental
impact management
 Collate and communicate major industrial and research scale initiatives across G20 countries(eg

HyResource,

HyResearchhttps://research.csiro.au/hyresearch)

25

inAustralia

https://research.csiro.au/hyresource,3. Leaders Session

(1) Program
October 6th 13:00 – 16:55 (JST), 4:00-7:55 (UTC)Time (JST)Item and speakers

13:00-13:10

Welcome Address

METI, MEXT, MOE

13:10-13:20

Opening Address

RD20 Chair: Mr. Kazuhiko Ishimura(AIST)

13:20-14:10

Key-note lectures

Dr. Akira Yoshino (AIST)
Ms. Maria DiGiulian (DOE, US)

14:10-14:25

Conference Report-Overview of Leaders Statement-ReportsofTechnical

SessionandWorkshopDr. Haruhiko Obara (AIST)
14:25-14:40

Break

14:40-14:55

Overview of Morning Leaders Overview of Morning Leaders Meeting

14:55-16:35

Meeting and Recommended

and Recommended Actions

Actions

Dr. Martin Keller (NREL, US)

Round Table Discussion

Round Table Discussion Framing (Keller)-Comments from Leaders (2 min. each, 1slide)-Open Discussion, include synergy withotheractivities (e.g. Mission Innovation)-Concluding remarks (Keller)-Adoption

oftheRecommendations(Ishimura)–Future meetings
16:35-16:45

Closing Remarks

Mr. Hiroshi Oikawa (NEDO)

26

LeadersName

ISHIMURA Kazuhiko

Title

President & CEO

Date of Birth

September 18, 1954

Education
M a r c h , 1979

M.Eng. The University of Tokyo
School of Engineering

CareerA p r i l , 2021

President & CEO, National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology. (AIST)A p r i l , 2020

President, AIST.

M a r c h , 2020

Director, AGC Inc. (-March 2021)

J a n u a r y , 2018

Chairman
Director, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (current AGC Inc.)J a n u a r y , 2015

Chairman ＆ Representative Director, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

J a n u a r y , 2010

Member of the Board
President & CEO, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

M a r c h , 2008

Member of the Board
President & COO, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

J a n u a r y , 2007

Senior Executive Officer
General Manager of Electronics & Energy General Division,
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

A p r i l , 2006

Executive Officer
General Manager of Electronics & Energy General Division,
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

J a n u a r y , 2006

Executive Officer, General Manager of Kansai Plant,
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

September, 2004

General Manager of Kansai Plant, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

O c t o b e r , 2000

President of Asahi Glass Fine Techno Co., Ltd.

J u l y , 1989

Senior Manager of Engineering Division, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

A p r i l , 1979

Joined Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

Awards and Honors
J u l y , 2018

Commander of the Order of the Crown Kingdom of Belgium

27

AIST-GZR’s Efforts to Realize
Zero Emission Society
Dr. YOSHINO Akira
Fellow and Director of Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR),
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)(2019 Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry)

Japan’s Green Growth Strategy

Image of Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050
(Source: Green Growth Strategy, June 18, 2021)
28
2

Overview of the Global Zero Emission Research Center
Purpose•To conduct basic research related to environmental innovation aiming at creating
innovations needed to strengthening measures to reduce CO2 emissions, inaccordance with the Japanese governmentʼs “Environment Innovation Strategy”

Philosophy•

Developing basic science and industrial technology and realizing the Environment
and Energy (ET) Revolution to solve the problem of global climate change

Backgrounds••

October 2019: The former Prime Minister ABE Shinzo statement to inauguration of aninternational joint research base for zero emission technologies at the Green
Innovation Summit
January 2020: Dr. YOSHINO Akira appointed as the Director of the Center

Establishment•

29th January 2020

3

Progress of the Global Zero Emission Research Center• Overview Video• Carbon Neutral
Scenario• Next generation PVPerovskite solar
cells• Negative Emission
Technology
29
4

Progress of the Global Zero Emission Research Center• Overview Video• Carbon Neutral
Scenario• Next generation PVPerovskite solar
cells• Negative Emission
Technology
6

An Example of Carbon Neutral Scenario
 Analyzed the energy transition scenarios for carbon neutrality in 2050 using theenergy model “AIST-MARKAL”
 Zero-emission electricity and negative emission technology are indispensable forachieving carbon neutrality

CO2 emissions transition

2013
Baseline

2030
- 46%
2050
Net CN30

Source: A. Ozawa et al. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2022, 169, 112943, 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112943

7

Progress of the Global Zero Emission Research Center• Overview Video• Carbon Neutral
Scenario• Next generation PVPerovskite solar
cells• Negative Emission
Technology
8

Solar Power’s R&D

Cost of solar electricity for industry（c /kWh）

To increase the capacity of solar power in future, we need a completely different
direction of R&D from the R&D chasing the efficiency and cost. We address the R&D tosolve the limitation of the installation site of solar power plants, for example PVs on thewall, on the car, and on the weak roof with Perovskite and Tandem-PV by their very
light weight and low cost.
40

The starting point of technological innovation
through international collaboration in perovskite
PV. (SCIENCE 2012)

Previous R&D for Solar Power◆c‐Si PV◆CIS

3530 c /kWh30
25
20

Dr. Murakami (GZR, AIST)

Prof. Snaith (Oxford Univ.)

Increase the solar power
plant with c‐Si and CIS PV
Overcoming location constrains

15
Home

10

Mega-solar on
the flat land

PV on the wall
（NEDO）

14 c /kWh

PV on thevehicle(Toyota)

Light and Flexible
Perovskite PV(Toshiba)

Existing cost‐level of electric power
7 c /kWh

5

7SYVGI)RZMVSRQ IRX-RRSZEXMSR7XVEXIK].ERYEV]
0

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

31

2030

2040

2050~
(Year)
9

Next Generation PV

Perovskite Solar Cells
New hole-transport materials (HTM)

Interface modification materials
HTL/PVK Interfaces

Interconnection
molecule
HTL/PVK Interfaces
Teatment

24% power
conversion efficiency(collaboration with Nippon Fine Chemical)•

18.7% power
conversion efficiency
with developed
Dopant-free HTM•

Over 1000 h Heat stability

Source: Funaki et al., JP patent: P2019-85378A

Source: Onozawa-Komatsuzaki, N et al. ACS Appl. Energ. Mater.
2022, 5, 6633, 10.1021/acsaem.2c00078
10Progress of the Global Zero Emission Research Center• Overview Video• Carbon Neutral
Scenario• Next generation PVPerovskite solar
cells• Negative Emission
Technology
32
11

Negative Emission Technology

Innovative Biomass Utilization Technology
Plant
modification

Gene edit

Wood production

Discovery and utilization of plant-microbe symbiosis systems
40
that promote growth

Microbial
symbiosis

20

20% up

n=12

CO2
CO2

0

CO2

Microbial
symbiosis

Dry matter

CO2

10% upIncreasing
carbon fixation〜1.3 times⇒29(domestic), 900(world-wide)Mt-CO2/year

12

Negative Emission Technology

CO2 Mineralization Technology
Chemical weathering of rocks dictates CO2
concentration on ancient Earth (Urey, 1952)① Structure andstratum trap

CaSiO3Mafic rock

Trap Rate ( %)CO2 is fixed in the sea floor as limestone
Weathering
Mi

+ CO2
Metamorphism

CaCO3+ SiO2② Residual
gas trap
Increased storage
security③Dissolution
trap

General CCS

Limestone→Mineralization issmall amount andtakes a long time

Pyrolysis in the Earth’s interior emits CO2④Mineral trap
Time from end of injection (year)

Accelerating mineralization by utilizing basalt
CCS into a basalt stratum(IPCC, 2005)• Basalt is widely and unevenly
distributed in Japan→ 95% mineralizationin 2 years(CarbFIX)• Basalt is abundant in the ocean
floor• Utilization of basalt on the
Enhanced weathering
ocean floor is expected to→Griding basalt topromote mineralization andenhance the reaction
expand the storage potential.
⽇本の苦質岩の分布
Distribution
map of Japanese mafic rock
(Lehmann and（産総研シームレス地質図）
AIST Seamless Geological Map
Possinger, 2020)
33

13

34

YOSHINO Akira
Director, Global Zero Emission Research Center(GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST)
Dr. Yoshino, a native of Japan, was born on
January 30, 1948, and earned a B.S. and M.S.
in engineering from the Department ofPetroleum Chemistry at Kyoto University in 1970
and 1972, respectively. In 1972, he joined theresearch organization of Asahi Kasei Corp. in
Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, where he engaged in research on functional polymers
and electronic materials. In 1981, he started a research effort on high-energy-density
secondary batteries. In 1985, he invented a new battery system of C/LiCoO2, which
would become known as the lithium-ion battery (LIB). He also developed a range ofbasic technologies required to make the LIB practical, such as methods to fabricate
electrodes using metal foil current collectors, microporous separators made ofpolyethylene, carbonate-based electrolytes, safety devices, and charging methods. In
1992 he moved to A&T Battery Corp., a joint venture between Asahi Kasei and Toshibafor commercial LIB manufacture. In 1996, he returned to Asahi Kasei and continued
further LIB research. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He iscurrently a director of the Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), AIST.

35

Introduction to
Mission Innovation

Mission Innovation

Mission Innovation is a global initiative catalysing a decade of action and investment inresearch, development and demonstration to make clean energy affordable, attractive andaccessible for all. This will accelerate progress towards the Paris Agreement goals andpathways to net zero.

36

What Mission Innovation does
A Forum for
Innovation Leaders

Launch Global
Missions

Build pathways
to deployment

Enhanceconfidence in net
zero solutions

We will be an actionorientated forum forgovernment leaders
who set out nationalinnovation pathways
and commit topioneer clean energy
solutions domesticallyand internationally.

We will launch missions
that catalyse global
action behind ambitious
and inspirationalinnovation goals that canlead to tipping points inthe cost and scale ofclean energy solutions,leading to more rapid
technology adoption.

We will work in active
partnerships with theprivate sector andother initiatives toboost demand for new
solutions and explore
ground-breaking
public-private
investments.

We will strengthen the
global analysis ofinnovation progress
and facilitate
knowledge sharing
and collaboration to
support all countries toplan ambitious clean
energy transitions.

ConveningConvening Innovation
Innovattion Leaders
Lead
ders
MissionMi
issio
i n Inno
Innovation
ova
vationamembemembers
b rs are cleanclle
ean energy
en
ne
erg
rgy
gy champions
cham
ch
mp
piio
on
ns wh
w
who
ho a
ar
are
re co
c
comm
committed
om
mmmitted tooppioneer
io
on
ne
eer
er clean
clean
le
ean
ne
energy
nerg
ne
gy so
s
solutionsluutionsdomestically and internationally.
Investment:
Investmementment: Each
nt:
Each
Ea
c Member willl s
seek
ee
e
ek ttoo sustain and wherever possible increase
incre
re
eas
ase iniinvestmentnve
vestmeen
ntt iinn clean energygygy rresearch,esesearch,development,
demonstrations
de
ev
ve
ello
op
pm
men
ent,
t, andnd
dd
e onstra
em
atiio
on
ns overov
ver thethe
he next
neexxt phasephas
ase ofasof Mission
Mis
ssi
sion
on Innovation
Innovatioon
National
al Innovation
al
Inn
nov
ovation Pathways:
Paththwaysthys: memember
ers
rs will
willll describewidescrib
ibe how
ib
ho
h
ow th
tthey
he
ey
yw
iilll eennhance aammbition to pioneer clean eneergy
memberswill
enhanceambitionenergyand/orover
next
climateandgoals.
tettechnologies
ech
chno
hn
no
olo
og
giies
es a
nd
n
d/o
/or sectors
sec o
se
sect
orrs oovve
err tthehe n
ext decade to meet national climat
te anand energy
e ergy g
en
oals.
oa
lls
s. EachEach memberEamem
e ber will report on
progressandreviewingand,pathway.
prro
p
og
gre
ress
ss a
nd commit
nd
com
omm
miit tto
o rev
evie
ew
wiing
ng a
nd
n
d, if applicable, updating their pat
thw
hway
ay.
Strengthened
cooperation,
Sttreng
S
reng
re
ngth
the
en
ned
ed Cooperation:
Co
oo
ope
peratie ioonn: Mission
Miiss
ssio
on Innovation
Inno
In
nova
v tiionon members will strengthen
stre
en
ng
gth
he
en
nc
oo
o
oope
op
pe
era
r tion, actively
actiivevely
y participatepara ticipate in
in at least one
major
demonstrable
eitherMission
ma
m
ajjo
or MI
MI initiative,inniittiiiat
attiivave,e, tthroughhroouugh a d
em
e
monst
sttra
s
ab
blle
le leadership
lea
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ad
der
e sh
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ip rolerolole inn eit
theher a M
Mi
is
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ion oro thee IInnovation
nn
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on Platform.
Plat
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atfo
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form
m.
contributeitsgovernancehigh-level
Activeve Participation:ve
Parti
artici
ar
tici
ti
cipa
pati
tion: members
ti
me
m
e
will actively contnttrriibu
n
ib
bu
utte
e tto
o it
ts go
g
ove
ernance functions
func
ctio
tio
ons
s iincluding
n lu
nc
udi
ding
ing
ng tthroughhrough
hr
hrou
ou
ugh h
ig
igh
gh-le
ev
ve
e participationelin the annual Ministerial, supporting
contributing
supppo
porting the Steering Committee,
Committee
e, c
co
on
nttributing to workstreams
wo
w
orrk
ksttre
eam
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nd resourcing
reso
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sour
our
urci
cing
cing
ng thehe Secretariat.
he37

MI Missions
MI missions set global ambition, provide political momentum and enable governments and the private sector to work together tomake sure more innovation happens, more rapidly over the next decade. Missions bring together dynamic and delivery-focusedhigh ambition alliances between countries, corporations, investors and research institutes that focus on the supply-push ofinnovation whilst building partnerships to build demand.

Solve a critical

Set a stretch goal

innovation challenge

Convene high-Develop Joint

ambition alliances

Roadmaps

Missions have bold,
Missions focus on a

inspirational, technicall

major clean energy

y feasible andchallenge relevant tomeasurable goals forseveral countries

2030 that stretch thewhich is dependent on

limits of ambition toresearch andunlock tipping points

innovation to achieve

towards the mass

net zero.

diffusion of net zero
solutions.

Missions engage a

Mission alliances will

critical mass ofdevelop a roadmap thatcountries,

defines the national andcompanies andinternational efforts

end-users whose

needed over the next

commitments candecade to achieve thedeliver material

goal.

progress towards thegoal.

Build demand

Missions have a laser

Missions will identify

focus on the key

the ‘demand-pull’

Missions will remainbarriers andefforts needed toagile, reviewing

challenges that needdiffuse and deploy

progress andto be targeted tosolutions andmodifying actions to

speed up innovation

partner withremain at the frontiers

towards the stretch

initiatives or actorsof innovation andgoal and stimulatethat can deliver

ambition.

more action either

those activities.

individually or incollaboration.

Mission Timelines

38

Review, reflect,

Accelerate Action

improveMissions set global ambition, provide political momentum and stimulate collaboration
between governments and the private sector to make sure more innovation happens more
rapidly over the next decade
Carbon Dioxide Removal
The Goal: Enable Carbon Dioxide Removal technologies to

Clean Hydrogen Mission

achieve a net reduction of 100 million metric tons of
CO2 per year globally by 2030.

The Goal: To increase the cost-competitivenessof clean hydrogen by reducing end-to-end costs

Urban Transitions

to USD 2 per kilogram by 2030.

The Goal: By 2030, deliver at least 50 large-scale,integrated

demonstration

projects

in

urban

environments around the world, providing a pathway for

Zero-Emission Shipping

all cities to adopt net-zero carbon solutions as thedefault option.

The Goal: For ships capable of running on zeroemission fuels to make up at least 5% of the

Net-Zero Industries

global deep-sea fleet by 2030.

The Goal: develop and demonstrate cost competitive
solutions for the efficient decarbonization of energy
intensive industries by 2030

Green Powered Future

Integrated Biorefineries

The Goal: To demonstrate that by 2030 powersystems in different geographies and climates
are able to effectively integrate up to 100%
variable renewable energies in their generation
mix and maintain a cost-efficient, secure andresilient system.

The Goal: Develop and demonstrate innovative solutions
to accelerate

the commercialization of integrated

biorefineries, with a target of replacing 10% of fossilbased fuels, chemicals and materials with bio-basedalternatives by 2030

Innovation Platform and Pathways to
Deployment
To enhance global confidence in emerging net zero solutions, the Innovation Platform provides a suite of activities that enable amore effective clean energy innovation strategy. Driven by members and supported by the Secretariat, activities can be one-off andlonger-term and fulfil three key objectives:

We provide access to key

We catalyse

We work with theand robust INSIGHTS to

COLLABORATION byinvestment community to

track innovation progressexchanging knowledge,

ACCELERATE solutions

and accelerate learning

identifying key R&D needs

towards the market.

on innovation policy.

and convening funders.

39Governance
Ministerial hosthas senior
rep on Steering
Committee

The Annual Gathering and Ministerial
Annual Gathering
2 day annual meeting of senior
officials to set strategy, shareknowledge, strengthen their
network and develop politicaldeliverables for the Ministerial

COP
Profile national andcollaborative innovationcommitments. Coordination
with Breakthrough Agenda

Led by MI Secretariat

Steering Committee
meetings every 6-8
weeks drive forward
progress and decisions

Ministerial
The global gathering for clean
energy innovation decisionmakers announcing action,
direction-setting and discussing
further efforts needed to closeinnovation gaps
Led by host, co-designed withMI Sec40

41

Maria DiGiulian
Director, International Science and Technology Collaboration, Office of International Affairs, U.S.
Department of Energy
Maria DiGiulian is the Director of the Office of International Science and Technology Collaboration at the
Department of Energy. In that role, she is responsible for managing the Department’s International S&T
collaborative programs. DOE engages in multiple international science and technology collaborations tomaintain the strength and global leadership of the U.S. innovation base and looks at the national andeconomic security issues associated with those programs. In this role, Ms. DiGiulian leads DOE efforts in
Mission Innovation, a 25-member global organization that drives forward global clean energy
innovation. She also leads the U.S. government’s Net Zero World Initiative, executed through aninteragency and national laboratory consortium. Through Net Zero World, the United States partners
with strategically important countries to develop tangible clean energy projects that meet energy needs
and decarbonize economies.
Prior to joining the Department of Energy, Ms. DiGiulian was a principal at a political risk consulting firm.
In that role she conducted political risk analysis for a variety of private sector clients, including
multinational energy firms. She also served as an adjunct professor at George Mason’s School of Public
Policy. Earlier in her career she worked at several major law firms, where she focused her practice oninternational government relations work, trade remedy litigation, and appellate litigation including
litigation before the Supreme Court.
Ms. DiGiulian was graduated from Hamilton College with a B.A. in English, and from George Washington
University’s Elliott School of International Affairs with an M.A. in East Asian Studies. She holds a J.D.
from George Mason University’s Antonin Scalia School of Law.
She lives in Arlington, VA with her husband and two daughters.

42

Reports of Technical Session
and Workshop
Dr. Haruhiko Obara
Executive Officer

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

1

Technical Session

Number of registrations: 936 (as of Oct. 2, 2022)

Program Chairs

Maximum number of viewers: 372• Held on October 4th, 2022
• General plenary session in the morning
Dr. Haruhiko Obara(AIST, Japan)• Three parallel sessions in the afternoon

Dr. William Tumas(NREL, US)) Theme 1: Hydrogen Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
and Techno Economic Analysis (TEA)

Moderators/ Chairs
Theme 1

Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)

Theme 2

Dr. Christian Thiel(JRC, EU)

 Theme 2: Renewable Energy Generation and
Theme 3

Dr. David Harris(CSIRO, Australia)

Integration

 Theme 3: Carbon Management
Co-Chairs
Plenary: Dr. Koji Matsubara (AIST, Japan)
Theme 1: Dr. Masaharu Motoshita (AIST, Japan) - Group 1
Dr. Kouji Sakaki (AIST, Japan) - Group 2
Theme 2: Dr. Jun Hashimoto (AIST, Japan)
Theme 3: Dr. Kinya Sakanishi (AIST, Japan)
243General Plenary Session
Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling(Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)

Dr. Akira Yabe (NEDO, Japan)
Talk 1: Research and Development
Tasks Towards Carbon Neutrality of2050 - NEDO’s Challenges -Talk 2: Green molecules for a sustainableglobal energy system
The author stated that “80% of energy is provided by molecules in gaseous,liquid or solid state form and it is required to produce these molecules in a
climate-neutral way and to use the established transport chains”.

The importance of the establishment of innovative technologies toreduce largely the total abatement cost was stated.
The author also stated that the importance to challenge many innovativetechnologies from various aspects of energy technology and contributeto the accumulation of the reduction amount of CO2 emission.

Dr. Abdelilah Slaoui (CNRS, France)
Talk 3: Research perspectives towards
carbon-neutrality in France
The author presented about research perspectives toward carbonneutrality in France. He introduced France 2030’ Initiative and the French
low carbon hydrogen plan 2020-2030.
He also pointed out the importance of circular economy and 7R’s (Reduce,
Reuse, Redesign, Repair, Renovate, Recycle, and Recover).
3

Theme 1: Hydrogen LCA and TEA
Dr. Nawshad Haque (CSIRO, Australia)

Dr. Monika Bosilj (Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)

Talk 1: Techno-Economic Analysis of Renewable
Hydrogen and Ammonia supply chains

Talk 6: Catalysis for Power-to-X Processes

Dr. Myriam Merad(CNRS-Paris Dauphine, France)

Dr. Jennifer Kurtz (NREL, US)

Dr. Amgad Elgowainy (ANL, US)

Mr. Souvik Bhattacharjya (TERI, India)
Dr. Trinayana Kaushik (TERI, India)

Talk 7: Reducing the Risk of Deploying Hydrogen
Technologies through Large-Scale R&D

Talk 2: Sustainability of territorial transitions toward
Decarbonated Hydrogen: a multidisciplinary, multi-actors
and multi-criteria approach”

Talk 3: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Techno Economic
Analysis (TEA) of Hydrogen Production Pathways andEnd Use Applications

Talk 8: Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Different
Beverage Packaging Substrates in India Using LCA

Prof. Dr. Mario Ragwitz (Fraunhofer IEG, Germany)

Dr. Yuki Kudoh (AIST, Japan)

Talk 9: Hydrogen infrastructures in an integrated European
energy system – determinants and modelling options

Talk 4: Contribution of Capital Goods on the Life Cycle CO2Emissions of Hydrogen Technology – A Case of Ammonia
Power Generation –Dr. Farid Bensebaa (NRC, Canada)

Mr. Thomas Roos (CSIR, South Africa)

Talk 10: Integrated and bottom-up LCA /TEA framework andits use to support research and policy – Hydrogen Case Study

Talk 5: Economics of Green Hydrogen production in South
Africa4

44

Theme 1: Conclusions of the discussions
Common expression of current needs :• For common metrics and harmonized methodologies to evaluate Carbon Content of

H2 or H2 based molecules and also for evaluating risks/benefits other than economics,• For sharing assumptions and boundary conditions that determine the analysis• For sharing data to increase LCA inventory
Additional consensual remarks:• Incorporate sustainability and social acceptance,• Consider local specificities and environmental justice• Coordination with IPHE running task force (focused on C Content of H2

produced/transported) as well as other initiatives, and possibly expand theirapproaches to H2 based molecules & e-fuels• Analyze any scenario or solution that could help, not only “ideal” cases
These slide materials are provided by Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud and Dr. Abdelilah Slaoui.
5

Theme 1: Conclusions of the discussions and ideas forfurther cooperation
Based on these analysis RD20 will have the ability to :• propose priorities at international level for R&D&I, demonstration or experimentation at large scale• provide sound advice, with a common voice, to G20 countries
 Consensus to form a task force on broad area of LCSA

Chair: Dr. Amgad Elgowainy
Argonne National Lab, US
Co-chair: Dr. Nawshad
Haque
CSIRO, Australia

Participants:
Dr. Myriam Merad - CNRS-Paris Dauphine, France
Dr. Yuki Kudoh - GZR, AIST, Japan
Mr. Thomas Roos - CSIR, South Africa
Dr. Souvik Bhattacharjya - TERI, India
Dr. Eniya Listiani Dewi – BRIN, Indonesia
Dr. Monica Bosilj – Fraunhofer ISE – Germany
And ?
These slide materials are provided by Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud and Dr. Abdelilah Slaoui.
645Theme 2: Renewable Energy Generation and Integration
Dr. Nancy M. Haegel (NREL, US)

Mr. Shirish S Garud (TERI, India)

Talk 1: PV at Multi-Terawatt Scale: Today’s Choices,
Tomorrow’s Role”

Talk 5: Making India’s Renewable Energy
Targets a reality

Dr. Tetsuya Kogaki (AIST, Japan)

Marcos Politi, Eng. (INTI, Argentina)

Talk 2: Recent R&D activities in AIST for Japan’s
offshore wind power deployment

Talk 6: IOT for Integration of Renewable Energy

Dr. Kenji Otani (AIST, Japan)

Dr. Gareth Erfort (CSIR, South Africa)

Talk 7: Advanced R&D Platform for DecarbonizedPower Grid with Inverter-based Distributed Energy
Resources

Talk 3: Offshore wind opportunities for South Africa

Ms. Kate Cavanagh (CSIRO, Australia)

Dr. Georgia Kakoulaki (Joint Research Centre, EU)

Talk 4: Accelerating the transformation of theAustralian energy grid

Talk 8: Floating photovoltaics, a solution to combinehydro- and solar power

7

Theme 2: Conclusions of the discussions and ideas for further cooperation- Continue further knowledge sharing on the topics to identify synergies, differences and gaps so thatpossible avenues for cooperation can be identified- Multi- Terawatt Workshop, interested RD20 members can join and contribute, contact point Nancy
Haegel, NREL
- Smart grids, interoperability, and artificial intelligence, exchange further on ongoing activities invarious regions- Offshore Wind power, methods for wind power estimation (for example through LiDAR) andcomparison with field data
- Floating PV, interest to study situation for India and details for South Africa, contact point Georgia
Kakoulaki, JRC.

This slide is provided by Dr. Christian Thiel (JRC, EU).
8

46

Theme 3: Carbon Management
Dr. William Tumas (NREL, US)

Dr. Graeme Puxty (CSIRO, Australia)

Talk 1: Challenges and Opportunities for Carbon
Dioxide Capture and Utilization

Talk 5: Emerging CO2 capture technologies for DAC
and ‘hard to abate’ industry Sectors

Dr. Jennifer V. Littlejohns (NRC, Canada)

Dr. Atul Sharma (AIST, Japan)

Talk 2: Opportunities in Bioenergy and Waste-toEnergy with Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage
in Canada

Talk 6: Innovative application of chemical-looping
technology for CO2 reduction, recycle and removal

Dr. Shinichirou Morimoto (AIST, Japan)
Talk 3: Current review and activities of LCA for
carbon mineralization

Dr. Valérie Keller (CNRS/University of Strasbourg,
France)Talk 7: Different approaches for CO2 reduction
and valorisation using Solar Energy within the
French Solar Fuels Network

Dr. Nicholas Musyoka (CSIR, South Africa)

Prof. Dr. Eniya Listiani Dewi (BRIN, Indonesia)

Talk 4: Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU)
research activities at the South Africa’s Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

Talk 8: Get Carbon Neutral and Economic Benefit
in 2060

9Theme 3: Key Themes and Challenges• Covered the CO2 ‘value’ chains and lifecycle systems••

CO2 capture, utilisation and conversion, storage
Scale of decarbonisation issues and meaningful impacts need to be understood (this is not a ‘cottage industry’)• Decarbonisation of multiple industry sectors is complex and often highly interdependent acrosssectors.
•••

Integration is key
Power, manufacturing, agriculture, mineral processing, metallurgical processes, transport…
Carbon is integral to many industries – atmospheric CO2 is the issue• Opportunities for industrial scale innovation•

Established industries – CO2 capture, recycle, storage,•••

Integration in existing and new processes
Learning across sectors from scale-up in power and oil/gas sector
Sustainable fuels, fertilisers, products etc where fossil derived CO2 can be replaced• New synthesis and decarbonisation pathways•

Power to X, biological processes…

• Transparent Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) is key to ensuring ‘sensible’ pathways are explored• Discussion around effective collaboration opportunities and First Steps for RD20•

Different perspectives and capabilities across the RD20 community enable entire energy and CO2 value chains to be addressed••

Renewable energy supply, storage, distribution and export, utilisation, CO2 and environmental impact management

Collate and communicate major industrial and research scale initiatives across G20 countries (eg HyResource, HyResearch in Australia

https://research.csiro.au/hyresource https://research.csiro.au/hyresearch)

These slide materials are provided by Dr. David Harris and Dr. William Tumas.

47

Workshop for International Collaboration
October 5, 2022 @AIST Tsukuba
Aims: To specify and prioritize technologies for international collaboration
as Taskforce activity••

The same 3 themes as Technical Session were selected for discussion
Report of corresponding Technical Session, Summary of Questionnaire, Presentation ofpractical example, discussion
Moderators

Chair

Dr. William Tumas(NREL, US))

Theme 1

Theme 2

Theme 3

Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)

Dr. Michio Kondo(AIST, Japan)

Dr. David Harris(CSIRO, Australia)

11

Workshop for International Collaboration
Theme (1): H2• The result of Questionnaire in RD20 members was explained to specify
research topics for international collaboration.
• It is necessary to work on common metrix to evaluate carbon intensity orcontent from many aspects, and the prioritize themes in the Taskforce Activity.
Theme (2): PV• Taskgroup of PV characterization and capacity building has already beenlaunched by AIST and JRC. Many institute show interests to join this activity.
• Status of environmental assessment of PV was also discussed.
Theme (3): Carbon Management• Key themes and challenges were explained based upon the Technical Session
discussion, including covering the CO2 ‘value’ chains and lifecycle system• There are a lot of aspects for integration, such as CCU, CO2 reduction withdownstream process, biomass for CO2 capture.
1248

4. Summaries of RD20
Members Institutes

3rd RD20, Oct 8 2021
Current Status and Future Perspectives (“Now and Future”)
of Clean Energy Technologies in INTI
MOLINA TIRADO Liliana Beatriz
Energy & Mobility Deputy – Innovation & Technological Development Management
National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI), Argentina
1. Introduction
Argentina represents less than 1% of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions within the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) countries and have signed theParis Agreement and ratified it by 27270 National Law. At the end of 2020, Argentina decreased
its Nationally Determined Contribution from 483 to 358.8 MtCO2 eq by 2030.
To achieve this objective, Argentina will take some mitigation action in Energy, Agriculture,
Livestock, Forests, Transport, Industry and Infrastructure areas.
A National Adaptation Plan for climate change damages will be also carried out.
The main contribution to GHG emissions is the generation and use of energy, mainly
combustion of fossil fuels to obtain electric and thermal power and transportation. In that order,
there were actions implemented in two fundamental axis: energy diversification, including theparticipation of renewable energy in the matrix and the promotion of rational and efficient useof energy.
Nowadays the maximum contribution of electrical energy from renewable sources reachedapproximately 12%. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic situation, renewable parks arecommercially enabled and can supply electricity to the grid.
Argentina is discussing in the present year other initiatives towards Energetic Transition that
promotes industrial production of green and blue Hydrogen, Lithium Batteries andelectromobility.
The National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI) is a public decentralized institution
created in 1957 that is part of the National Science and Technological System. Today under the
National Ministry of Production Development, its mission is to promote industrial development
through innovation and technological transfer. INTI is also the national reference in Metrology,
to strengthen the metrological capacities to spread industrial quality all over national industry.
INTI has technology centers across the country specialized in different industrial sectors.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
INTI Technological Development and Innovation Management through its Energy andMobility Department
works for strengthen the competitiveness andsustainability of companies, specially SMEs, through development and appropriation of
innovative products and processes that contributes to reduce the GHG emissions and collaborates
as technical reference with the Government in order to establish regulations.
The main technologies address are:
• BioEnergy, Solar Collectors for residential use, Photovoltaic panels, Low Power Wind
Turbines• Storage & Conversion of Energy• Smart Grid Integrations• Mobility• Energy Efficiency
3. Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,

49hydrogen etc.
a) Energy Storage• Fuel cells fed by low-carbon hydrogen produced by water electrolysis are a goodalternative for renewable energy storage. Alkaline electrolyzers are currently developed,
including liquid and zero gap devices.
• Nanostructured Materials for Energy. With the increase in energy consumption, newand more efficient materials for energy generation and storage are required. Moreover,the increasing use of portable electronic devices requires the development of new or more
efficient energy storage technologies. Solar, tidal and wind energy´s challenge is storing.
INTI has developed and characterized different nanostructured materials for storing.
• Mesoporous carbon (MC) with well-defined porous size distribution to assess its effectas electrode support for fuel cell catalysts and supercapacitors is obtained bypolycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) on silica nanoparticles as hard
template agents, and subsequent carbonization in an inert atmosphere. The obtained
mesoporous carbon products with a high specific surface area (> 400 m2g-1) were usedas support for Pt and PtRu catalysts nanoparticles. The modification of the surface allowed
30% reduction of the diameter of the metal particles deposited over the support and a 10%
increase of power density of membrane electrode assemblies compared with state of artof DMFC PtRu/carbon supported catalyst.
• Anion Exchange Membranes. Low carbon footprint hydrogen, a near-zero emission
energy carrier, plays a key role in many applications such as road transport, micro cogeneration and de-carbonization of several industrial processes. Hydrogen technologies
footprint depends on its method of production and the best option is electrochemical water
splitting. However, one of its main barriers is the current costs of fuel cells andelectrolyzers. Therefore, alkaline systems, which do not require precious metals aselectrocatalysts or demand corrosion-resistant components, are a good option for low
temperature, membrane-based devices. Consequently, anion exchange membrane fuelcells (AEMFCs) and zero-gap liquid alkaline water electrolyzers (LAWEs) have gainedinterest recently, particularly since 2010. INTI has prepared anion exchange polymer
membranes based in polybenzimidazole, including polymer synthesis, blend with PVA,
crosslinked with PVBC/quaternized, hybrid membranes with functionalized graphene
oxide and electrospun nanofibers. Actually new applications are explored for themembranes developed, like salinity gradient power or redox flow batteries. (Patent INPIARG: 180.100-013/2018: Preparation method of a polymeric proton exchange
membrane).
b) Renewable Energy• Biomass Gassification Technology. In Argentina, the bioenergetic sector is made up of
many agro industrial companies that generate waste, primary producers who waste crop
residues, and a sub sector of support that are the SMEs manufacturers of machines andequipment. To achieve the industrialization of these wasted resources, developments are
required in both physical and chemical processes as in the existing machinery to achieve
profitable industrialization processes (collection, pelletization, storage, conditioning,pre-treatment, etc.). INTI with the industry support seek to identify opportunities fordevelopment of new bioproducts including biofuels as well as innovation opportunities
in machines and equipment that allow reaching new and improved degrees of biomass
industrialization.
• Utilization of pellets of agricultural harvesting and forestal activities residues inbiomass combustors. Many of the agricultural crop residues are suitable into transformto solid biofuels with a correct management. This valorization technique for these mostly
unused residues can help the different agriculture industries to diversify theirconventional activities and to replace the natural gas for thermal energy. During the50

validation process, the previous data was compared with the newest standard approvedin Argentina for solid biofuels (IRAM-ISO 17225) to establish a quality basis for theindustrial process.
• Materials for the off Shore generation and storage of renewable energy. The
development of advanced materials and prototypes for sustainable energy production(solar, wind, wave and tidal) including energy storage through batteries and hydrogentechnology in off-shore platforms. This also include the salinity gradient energy
applications in argentine lagoons of high salt concentration (reverse electro dialysis) andin oil wells.
• Internet of Energy. Investors Interoperability. The interoperability system is aphotovoltaic inverter data acquisition system that takes the data and integrates them into
a dedicated IoT platform. This INTIˊs developed system solves the incompatibility ofdata that comes from multi-brand inverters. If all the photovoltaic systems were from thesame manufacturer, the communication protocols and the way in which the data is shared
would be homogeneous among all, with which it would be possible to observe them inthe same place; however, this situation is not in practice.
• Grid Network with Renewable Energy. In Amstrong, a 11.000 habitants city, a
integrated network of renewable energy (200 kW photovoltaic floor plant, 60 solar roofs
in homes and 10 small wind turbines located in the city) with conventional grid system
was established. With wireless equipment installed in a thousand homes in the city, they
can monitor the local electricity service and obtain information remotely to determine thequality of the service, the user load curve, and the different conditions of the network or
consumption characteristics of each residence.
• The Project named VERSU for their acronym in Spanish for Power Valorization for
Solid Urban Residues consists in a cycle-combined equipment with power generation
for solid urban residues. It is located in Sarmiento City, in San Juan Province, a 22000
habitant’s city. This industrial plant is a demonstrative project unique in Argentine.
• CCUS Technologies. As a national institute created to reinforce the national industry, we
assist companies to improve their technologies to achieve environmental objectives.
• Solar Thermal Collectors. A program of the Ministry of Production Development forthe performance improvement of national production companies in which INTI will assist
in technical production for increase productivity.
4. International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
INTI has three main strategies to promote international collaboration:
1. Industrial Technology Transfer
Productive knowledge, innovative technologies and transfer promotion to countries withequal or less industrial development, with the aim of contributing to strengthen theirproductive and industrial network.
2. Scientific and Technological Cooperation
For the improvement of technological knowledge, participation in joint innovation processes
and promotion of industrial competitiveness and productiveness.
3. SMEs Internationalization
Assistance for the incorporation of technological innovation that favors the generation of quality
employment and the increase and diversification of exports from SMEs.
4-2 International joint R&D activities

51

● JICA (Japan): Development program for Energy Efficiency technologies and best practices.
INTI proposed AIST to participate in a SARTREPS call.
● CENER (Spain): Renewable Energy Technology transfer program, including formation of our
professionals and consultancy services for infrastructure build up.
● TNO (The Netherlands): Biomass technology and services development.
● INTI has submitted a project called “Heavy Carbon Industries: A network to look forapproaches to low Carbon Sustainable Processes” for the MSCA-RISE 2020, EU call withthe following institutions: Surrey University (UK), Sevilla University (Spain), Politecnico di
Milano (Italy), Titan Cement Company (greek company), Mitchell Technical Services (UKcompany), GVG soltek (Arg company) and Danish Power System (DK Company).
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In accordance to the Argentinian´s Third National Communication on Climate Change, ournext challenges are aimed at the appropriation, generation and transfer of technology in orderto reduce GHG emissions in two different aspects:• Thermal Energy technologies for industrial activities:o Solar Concentrators for fluids heating or steam generation aimed at SMEs
located in regions appropriated for this technology
o BioGas - BioEnergy: energy recovery of the organic fraction of urban solid
waste• Biofuels obtained from agricultural and forestry industrial residues. The
generation of an industrial and public market is aimed through process
standarization.
• Electrical Transportationo Production and Reuse of Lithium Batteries: Technological assistance to battery
manufacturers in component development (separators, electrodes, cells). Spentbatteries disposal and recycling, engine testing laboratory for different fuels andelectricity.
o Green Hydrogen certification and metrological quantification of Hydrogen in a
mix of gases.
o Engine Testing Laboratory, for performance evaluation of different biofuels,
evaluation of biofuels proportion in gasoline cuts.
o Integration Energy Laboratory for R&D activities related to micro and off grid
systems.

52

Country

Institute

Category

Related programs(with short summary)Development of electrodes for the electrolytic production of H2 (2018 – 2021)

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

One lab electrode ready. Transfering an PhD. Graciela Abuin / INTI
electrode to a company

Partnership (if any)

（Domestic) INFIQC - CONICET National University of Córdoba National University of Catamarca

Related information

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/d
esarrollo-tecnologico-eCurrent
Production
innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de2018 - 2021 (R&D span)la-energIa
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/dDevelopment of mesoporous C material applied to fuel cell components and super capacitors (2017 - Results are part of the doctorate thesis of PhD Student Gonzalo Montiel （Domestic) CNEA-CAC
esarrollo-tecnologico-eCurrent
2020)
G. Montiel. Deep knowledge of the/ INTI(International) University of Ontario
Storageinnovacion/energia-ymaterial is attained.
Institute of Technology (UOIT)
movilidad/almacenamiento-de2017 - 2020 (R&D span)la-energIa
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/dDevelopment of low-cost hybrid membranes in PVA and chitosan materials cross linked with
One membrane is prepared and
Dr. Graciela Abuin / INTI
（Domestic) University of Buenos
esarrollo-tecnologico-egraphene oxide for electrolyzes and H2 cells (2017 – 2020) FINISHED
characterized, having low cost, good
Aires-Engineering (FIUBA).
oduction / Storainnovacion/energia-ystability and conductivity.
movilidad/almacenamiento-de2017 - 2020 (R&D span)la-energIa
Development of alkaline membranes based on polybenzimidazole for storage system (2016 – 2019) Results are part of the doctorate thesis of Dr. Roxana Coppola / INTI
(International）Autonomous University https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/d
esarrollo-tecnologico-eFINISHED
R. Coppola. Deep knowledge of theof Madrid, España
Storageinnovacion/energia-ymaterial is attained.
movilidad/almacenamiento-de2016 - 2019 (R&D span)la-energIa
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/dDevelopment of PBI - PVA membranes with fibers produced by electrospinning (2018 – 2021)
One membrane is prepared and
PhD Roxana Coppola / INTI （Domestic) PhD Student Fabrizio
esarrollo-tecnologico-echaracterized, having good stability and
Molinari / INTI-Material Design
Current
orage / Utilizati
innovacion/energia-yconductivity.
movilidad/almacenamiento-de2018 - 2021 (R&D span)la-energIa

53

Country

Institute

Category

Related programs(with short summary)

Grid Network with Renewable Energy (2016-2019).FINISHED

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Argentina

INTI

Target / Goal Outcome

Experience of a smart grid withrenewable energy working in a 11.000
habitants city

Lead person / Organization

Related information（Domestic) National Technologicalhttps://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/
Current
University, Electric Cooperative of the desarrollo-tecnologico-eSmart Grids
city (Cooperativa de Provision de Obras innovacion/energia-yy Servicios Publicos y Credito Lta.)
movilidad/gestion-del2016 - 2019 (R&D span)sistema-integrado-de-laInvestors Interoperability (2019 – 2021).
Results are part of the doctorate thesis of Marcos Politi, Eng / INTI
(Domestic) Environmental Protection
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/
Current
Eng. M. Politi. Experience of a
Agency of Buenos Aires City
desarrollo-tecnologico-eoE / Smart Grid
distributed and heterogeneus system will
innovacion/energia-y2019 - 2021 (R&D span)be attended.
movilidad/gestion-delsistema-integrado-de-laUtilization of pellets of sugar cane harvesting residues in biomass combustors (2018-2020). Delayed Pellets were done and characterized with Martín Rearte, Eng / INTI
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/for pandemic reason.
successfull results.
desarrollo-tecnologico-eCurrent
duction / Utilizainnovacion/energia-y2018 - 2020 (R span)
movilidad/gestion-delsistema integrado de laPower Valorization for Urban Solid Residues (2009-2019). Looking forward investors
Industrial plant for municipal urban
Juan Carlos Najul, Eng / INTI San Juan Province Government,
https://www.inti.gob.ar/noticia
Current
s/21-asistencia-regional/1491residues valorization
Agencia Nacional de Promocion
ower Valorizatio
en-pocos-meses-comenzara-aCientifica y Tecnologica
2009 - 2019 (R span)(https://www.argentina.gob.ar/ciencia/ag operar-la-planta-versu-en-sanencia) Energia Provincial Sociedad del juan
Performance Improvement of National Solar Thermal Collectors Industry (2020-2022)
Solar Thermal Collectors lab installed. Federico Pescio, Eng / INTI Ministry of Production Development
https://www.inti.gob.ar/noticia
Current;(https://www.argentina.gob.ar/produccio s/15-desarrollo-ear Thermal Ene
Alejandro Chiaravalloti, Eng n)innovacion/1286-crecio-el2020 - 2022 (R span)/INTI
179-la-instalacion-de-equiposde energia solar termica en

54

Marcos Politi, Eng / INTI

Partnership (if any)

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Dr Larry Marshall
Chief Executive
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
1. Introduction
Common features across various scenarios of the global energy future form a set of expectations
over the coming decades including 1) renewable energy and storage will be increasingly
important, 2) fossil fuels are needed in the interim but must decrease, and 3) societies will
redefine transport and other energy uses. These expectations imply that the energy system will
become more complex requiring greater integration to enable localised implementation aselectrification proceeds, a hydrogen industry emerges, and demands for decarbonised energy inthe heavy industry and mobility sectors increase.
The trajectory of Australia’s transition will need to align with these global trends and be
responsive to changes in the current global geopolitical landscape and global policy action onenergy and climate change. Reducing greenhouse emissions from energy generation and use,
while maintaining the affordability of energy and ensuring the security of supply, continues topresent complex, inter-related and systems oriented challenges that can only be resolved
through significant and sustained transition of the Australian energy sector.
Australia has substantial opportunities to grow the clean energy sector, however, realising theseopportunities will require national strategic alignment, innovation and regulation. 1 The
transition must be underpinned by coordinated, evidence-based technical and social solutions
and strategies that respond dynamically to the changing energy environment. As Australia’s
national science agency, CSIRO is well positioned to support Australia’s energy transition
towards net zero emissions in alignment with national strategies and guidelines illustrated asfollows (see ref. 1 for further notable sources):In November 2021, the Australian Government released the second Low Emissions
Technology Statement updating the five key priority targets and adding ultra-low cost
solar
as
a
sixth
prioritytarget.
https://www.dcceew.gov.au/climatechange/publications/technology-investment-roadmap-low-emissions-technologystatement-2021
ACOLA published the Australian Energy Research Plan in 2021. The AustralianCouncil of Learned Academies (ACOLA) is an independent, not-for-profit researchorganisation that brings together Australia’s Learned Academies and Associate
members to contribute expert advice to inform national policy and to develop innovative
solutions to complex global problems and emerging national needs. The Research Plan
aims to shift the current research paradigm by highlighting the Research Priorities thatneed to be addressed for Australia to transition successfully and rapidly on three themes:
energy system dynamics, social engagement dynamics and transition dynamics.
https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/acola-2021-australian-energy-transitionplan.pdf

Clarke, D., Baldwin, K., Baum, F., Godfrey, B., Richardson, S., and Robin, L. (2021). Australian Energy
Transition Research Plan. Report for the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA), www.acola.org.
https://acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/acola-2021-australian-energy-transition-plan.pdf
1

55





The updated Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) Integrated System Plan (ISP)
published in 2022 is a whole of system actionable roadmap to guide the efficientdevelopment of Australia’s NEM over the next 20 years. Its objective is to facilitate anenergy system that is low-cost, secure and reliable, and incorporates Australia’s ongoingemissions trajectory within an acceptable level of risk. It serves the regulatory purposeof identifying actionable and future ISP projects, as well as informing market
participants,
investors,
policydecisionmakersandconsumers.
https://aemo.com.au/en/energy-systems/major-publications/integrated-system-plan-isp
In 2022 the new Australian Government released its Powering Australia plan, which sets
new targets for emission reduction and is focused on creating jobs, cutting power bills
andreducing
emissionsbyboosting
renewableenergy.
https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/australias-energy-strategies-andframeworks/powering-australia

CSIRO considers science and innovation is critical in supporting the transition and contributing
to securing a resilient and prosperous future for us all, globally. CSIRO is collaboratinginternationally and in Australia to address the challenges associated with the transition of energy,
industry, manufacturing, agricultural and transport sectors through assessment, co-development,
and demonstration of priority low emission technologies, systems and solutions.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
CSIRO is creating solutions from applied science and research to address the challenges oftransitioning energy, transport and industrial technologies and infrastructure systems to support
large scale integration of renewable and low emissions energy pathways at a state, national andglobal scale.
In Australia, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute the largest share of aggregate
emissions at approximately 70% of total emissions, while methane (CH4) emissions contribute
approximately 26%, nitrous oxide emissions around 4% and other gases account for the balanceof the aggregate emissions. The electricity sector is the largest emitter (33%), followed bystationary energy (21%) and transport (19%) 2. Accordingly, CSIRO is focusing on sectors thatwill bring about the largest impact:•••

Electricity transition: building simulation and analysis tools and facilities, to inform
investments in electricity grid systems, and focussing on improving energy efficiency andleveraging energy use flexibility and thereby more efficiently utilising the existing
infrastructure. CSIRO is also developing renewable energy generation and energy storage
solutions to secure a reliable electricity network and reduce emissions in industrial andtransport sectors.
Industry and transport transition: Delivering technologies and solutions to enabledecarbonisation of these sectors through electrification and integration of renewable energy
resources at scale. This includes development of advanced low emissions energy storage,
distribution, and utilisation applications such as those that are possible through the use ofhydrogen and its carriers as a low emissions energy pathway.
Community and Environment: supporting communities successfully through thetransformation of Energy systems by integrating science for social acceptance, policy and

Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Dec 2021, see:https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/nggi-quarterly-update-december-2021.pdf

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development of new skills; and enabling the environmental sustainability of energy andrelated industries through transdisciplinary science and technologies tailored for monitoringand managing environmental performance and emissions.
3. Specific research activities
CSIRO connects industry with the research community to deliver expert advice, technology
innovation, engineering, and prototyping. CSIRO is supporting the energy transition andcommunities by integrating science for social acceptance, policy and development of new skills
while also enabling the environmental sustainability. Our key research projects are described inAppendix 1 and illustrated herein by selected examples.
Electricity transition
CSIRO’s research is focussing on enabling generation, use and storage of electricity andemission reduction towards government emissions targets by 2030. We anticipate achieving
this through the adoption of CSIRO’s innovative power generation technology systems andsupply networks, new storage solutions and systems driving energy efficiency in built
environments. Another goal we have is to improve utilisation of existing infrastructure by 50%
to enhance the national economic performance of Australia.
One of our key deliverables is the GenCost 3 report, which is a collaboration between CSIRO
and the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). GenCost provides an annual update ofelectricity generation and storage costs with a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement. The
2021-22 report continues to focus on system integration costs – moving beyond levelised costsof energy to consider how the mix of energy technologies integrate and require balancing
technologies such as energy storage.
Another example of electricity network transformation from the user end includes simulatingbuilding energy use to inform investments in electricity grid systems. CSIRO’s software isutilised under the energy efficiency provisions of the National Construction Code (NCC)
including its trajectory to future low-energy buildings. We support the development of thesoftware and curate a national repository of housing stock data that underpins national housing
policy research.
CSIRO is also leading national and international efforts to source flexible-demand resourcesfrom buildings. This work aims at unlocking capacity reserves in the wholesale electricity
market worth around $450 million/year. We have developed a building-services digitalplatform (the Data Clearing House) for hosting machine learning algorithms, and we lead aninternational collaboration of more than 50 research teams across 19 countries, developing
software tools for managing energy flows in buildings.
Industry and transport transition
CSIRO’s research on Advanced Solar Photovoltaics (PV) and Concentrated Solar Thermal(CST) Technologies aims to accelerate renewable energy at scale to support industry adoption
and drive forward industry transition. The aspirations are high: to change how and where solar
energy can be generated by developing low-cost, environmentally friendly production methods,
3

https://www.csiro.au/-/media/News-releases/2022/GenCost-2022/GenCost2021-22Final_20220708.pdf

57

flexible materials and systems. Hence, CSIRO’s research is targeting in commercialised,readily-available solar technologies ranging from developing printable solar cells toaccelerating the perovskite solar cell production and leading the Australian Solar Thermal
Research Institute (ASTRI) to facilitate commercial uptake of concentrated solar thermal
technologies and systems. ASTRI is providing a pathway to integrate solar thermal energy
collection, storage, and utilisation at scale in a range of applications including power generation,
manufacturing and process industries where process heat is a key energy requirement.
CSIRO is a core partner of the Collaborative Research Centre focussing on transforming theheavy industrial sector to a low-carbon future (HILT CRC). HILT CRC will enable Australian
heavy industry sector to compete in the low-carbon global economy for carbon-neutralmaterials such as ‘green’ iron, alumina, cement and other processed minerals. HILT CRC will
focus on developing technologies and methods that overcome barriers to the low-carbon
transition, which include the unacceptable risks of untested innovations that could jeopardise
equipment, production and/or worker safety. The partners will jointly develop and demonstrate
the technologies needed to grow Australia’s economy, unlocking potential value of $48.7
billion in annual revenue and $92 billion in investments, while mitigating CO2 emissions. The
industry transformation will proceed through regional hubs that have good local synergies andopportunities.
CSIRO’s research encompasses a broad spectrum of Thermal & Electrochemical Technologies
to increase efficiency, scale and uptake of low emission technologies and hydrogen energy
systems:--

Our research in hydrogen is benefitting from the significant ongoing commitment of
Fortescue; the $20 million venture is focussed on commercialising new hydrogentechnologies developed by CSIRO.
The Victorian Hydrogen Hub, led by Swinburne University of Technology, working in
partnership with CSIRO and Germany’s ARENA 2036, will bring together researchers,
industry partners and business to test, trial and demonstrate new and emerging hydrogentechnologies to support sustainable manufacturing practices and the ability to store clean
energy from renewable sources.
Endua - an Australian company, backed by Main Sequence Ventures, Ampol and
CSIRO - is building the next generation of clean energy storage solutions to power
communities, remote industries and off-grid infrastructure. Endua’s power banks are
standalone on-site units that generate electricity created from 100% renewables.
Renewable energy is stored as hydrogen and then converted back to electricity by fuelcells to deliver sustainable, reliable and affordable electricity on demand - like a diesel
generator, but without the emissions footprint.

Community and Environment
CSIRO’s Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA) is focussed on
the impacts of onshore gas developments across Australia, with a significant portfolio of
research on the social and environmental impacts of onshore gas development in Queensland,
New South Wales, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. This researchis publicly available to support development decisions in regions where natural gas
development is occurring or being proposed.

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CSIRO is also developing a portfolio of Sustainable Carbon Utilisation Technologies to support
industry transition to net zero emissions, to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of carbon
capture, storage and utilisation and ultimately to deliver viable options for Australia's low
emission energy future. For example, carbon capture research is focused on deploying largescale demonstration projects that enable substantial reductions in emissions and provide apathway for industry to adopt the technologies at full scale.
CSIRO is involved in the development, commissioning and operation of Post-combustion
Carbon Capture (PCC) pilot plants in Australia and overseas. In collaboration with industry,
CSIRO has developed a highly efficient and environmentally benign amine formulation that iswell-suited for CO2 capture from cement plants, aluminium refining and smelting and steam
methane reforming. The PCC technology has also been extended to direct air capture where thecollected CO2 can be placed to geological storage (producing negative emissions) or used forcarbon neutral products. CSIRO is also developing solid sorbent technology, CarbonAssist™
which is a proprietary technology that allows CO2 capture from different sources at low cost.
The capture units are designed to be modular which ensures versatility and scalability.
4. International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
CSIRO aims to connect Australia to the global science, technology, and innovation frontier aswell as access new markets for Australian innovation. CSIRO has an extensive number ofinternational activities and collaborations occurring around the world. These collaborations are
conducted under a variety of arrangements, which are not reflected, in many cases, in formal
Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs).
CSIRO has concluded MoUs in the field of energy and environment with National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST Japan), the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST
Korea), and more specific collaboration agreements with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL
USA); and in early stage research with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS China).
More significantly, CSIRO have and are collaborating with many institutions in the G20 country
members which include innovations in clean energy technologies, research exchanges andworkshops under a variety of arrangements, which are not reflected in formal MoUs.
Recent international collaboration examples include:•

Australia has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Singapore toadvance cooperation on low-emissions technologies and solutions. 4 This commitment
will extend our cooperation on the key technology priorities recently expressed in thegovernment’s first Low Emissions Technology Statement. Under the MoU, Australia
and Singapore will share technical knowledge and experience, and collaborate on thedevelopment of new technologies that reduce emissions. Priority cooperation areas
include:− hydrogenhttps://www.industry.gov.au/news/australia-and-singapore-to-work-together-to-accelerate-low-emissionstechnologies
4

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•

•

− carbon capture use and storage (CCUS)− renewable energy trade− measurement− reporting verification (MRV) of emissions.
CSIRO is engaged with the Global Power Systems Transformation Consortium (G-PST),
which is a collaborative initiative set by the founding system operators: National Grid
Electricity System Operator UK, California Independent System Operator (CAISO),
Australia Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Ireland’s System Operator (EirGrid), andDenmark’s System Operator (Energinet). This Consortium is partnering with several
emerging economy and developing country system operators from Africa, Asia, Latin
America and Eastern Europe who will also guide the G-PST vision and contribute toadvancing power system transformation with a focus on technical collaboration, peer
learning and exchange, and workforce development to support local power systemtransformation priorities 5.
CSIRO has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the US Departmentof Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a leader in clean energy
research, development, and deployment 6.

We believe such international activities together with strategic partnerships, alliances joint
projects, researcher exchanges, joint workshops and seminars are the best way to facilitate
international cooperation. For us, collaborations are a fundamental way of how we work andfind solutions to the greatest challenges we face on the planet.
4-2 Issues /themes for promoting international collaboration
In promoting international cooperation as part of RD20, CSIRO will build on existing
collaborations and seek to enhance co-operation in Australia’s priority technologies,
specifically:-energy management and integration of renewables with grids
hydrogen energy value chain
decarbonization of industry sectors including carbon capture, utilization and storagesocial license to operate and community engagement.

Effective measures for facilitating international cooperation could include:-

Government to government MoUs
Researcher exchanges
Development of young leaders with international perspectives
Joint project programs with matching funding between countries with similar challenges

CSIRO welcomes collaboration in the above areas as we see potential in bringing together
Australian and international perspectives to advance these areas, including leveraging existing
partnerships and development of roadmaps.

https://globalpst.org/wp-content/uploads/042921G-PST-Research-Agenda-Master-DocumentFINAL_updated.pdf
6
https://www.csiro.au/en/news/news-releases/2022/energy-partnership-to-strengthen-research-collaborationbetween-aust-and-us
560

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
CSIRO is focused on supporting the energy transition and drive towards net zero emissions,increasing capability in renewables and digital energy technologies, investing in more clean
energy growth areas and taking on big projects with strategic partners both in Australia andaround the world.
Electricity grid
CSIRO and the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) are Australian representatives in
the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium. Working together, we havebeen driving Australian research together with international research institutes to solve the mostpressing challenges to accelerate the decarbonisation of our electricity system. In 2022, CSIRO
and AEMO have produced the G-PST Research Roadmap 7 that incorporates research plans forthe nine most pressing research topics. The Roadmap shows how Australia could lead the way
in solving the global challenge of integrating renewable energy into electricity networks andaccelerating the decarbonisation of the energy sector.
Decarbonising through hydrogen
One of CSIRO’s main growth initiatives in energy research is through the CSIRO Hydrogen
Industry Mission, which aims to build the foundations for sustainable, export-focused
Australian hydrogen industry by 2030.
Through the Mission, CSIRO’s capabilities will be harnessed to deliver research, development
and demonstration through partnerships across the hydrogen value chain. The mission's priority
focus will be on delivering the technology investment portfolio to directly address production,
storage and transport cost competitiveness to achieve “H2 under $2” as part of a domestic clean
energy transition and a stepping stone to enabling Australia’s clean hydrogen export industry
and enabling capabilities.

7

https://www.csiro.au/en/research/technology-space/energy/g-pst-research-roadmap

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Dr Larry Marshall, Chief Executive, CSIRODr Larry Marshall is Chief Executive of CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency. CSIRO
solves the greatest challenges through innovative science and technology, and has played apivotal role in Australia’s response to recent challenges including catastrophic flooding andbushfires, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Larry was appointed Chief Executive of CSIRO in
2015. Under his leadership, CSIRO has delivered the highest industry revenue ever, a 70 per
cent increase in CSIRO’s customer base, the largest increase in diversity, a more than ten-foldincrease in CSIRO's equity portfolio, the largest increase in appropriation, and highcollaboration rates with universities and industry. Larry is a scientist, technology innovator andbusiness leader with a wealth of experience in creating new value and impact with science. He
has a PhD in Physics and has been honoured as a Federation Fellow, an AIP (Australian Instituteof Physics) Fellow, and an ATSE (Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering) Fellow,
and is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors (FAICD). He has led six
companies in biotechnology, telecommunications, semiconductors, and venture capital. He has
100 publications and conference papers, holds 20 patents, and has served on 20 boards of hightech companies operating in the US, Australia and China Larry is a Champion of Changecommitted to tackling gender equality. He is a passionate supporter of Australian innovation,and the power of science and technology to drive Australia’s economic recovery and resilience
to future challenges.

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作成課：○○課
保存期間：平成○○年○○月○○日まで保存（セット後は保存期間〇〇年）
性質/日付： 機密性○、平成○○年○○月○○日
未定稿 備考：個人文書

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Development of PEM electrolysis technology and kW class systems for distributed and off-grid applications
Current

2021 - 2023
Development of solid oxide electrolysis for steam / CO2 electrolysis for production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid fuels

2016 - 2021
Basic R&D for electrochemical ammonia synthesis using renewable sources of electricity.
Current

Production2019 - 2022
Enzymatic pathways for hydrogen and ammonia production

Current

2019 - 2023
Microbial hydrogen production from waste streams

Current

2019 - 2023

Development of low cost electrolysis cells,
stacks, BOP and control & safety system forbuilding 1-2 kW PEM electrolysers.

Dr Sarb Giddey / CSIRO

Australia

Current

Commercialisation of CSIRO's metal membrane technology. This project aims to scale up the production of CSIRO'shydrogen separation membranes and construct two pilot plants each capable of producing 200kg/day of fuel cell qualityhydrogen from decompossed ammonia.
Current

CSIRO

Related information

Endua, Australia

This technology is currently being commercialised through Endua (CEO Paul Sernia). https://www.endua.com/

Development of catalysts, materials, cell designs
for steam / CO2 electrolysis to build a prototype
Dr Gurpreet Kaur / CSIRO
reactor that consumes less than 40 kWh/kg
hydrogen for integration with liquid fuels
synthesis reactor

ARENA, Johnson Matthey, Ben Gurion Uni,,
Northwestern Uni, RayGen, ADME Fuels

An external consultant has been hired (with funding from Innovation Acceleration Fund) to work with the team on commercialisation roadmap for the best use cases of thehydrogen production from this technology.

Develop catalysts (graphine/CNT, biological),Dr Gurpreet Kaur / CSIRO
materials and cell design for ammonia synthesis.

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP / strategic areas ofresearch, RMIT University/ Korean research
institute of chemical technology

Using nitrogenase enzymes as athe basis of anew production technology that converts
sunlight, water, and air to hydrogen andammonia under ambient conditions.

Dr Craig Wood / CSIRO

ANU

Integrating waste management with hydrogenproduction using microorganisms

Dr Anna Kaksonen/CSIROUWADevelopment of metal membrane based reactor for ammonia production at low pressures by sourcing hydrogen directly Development of catalysts, membrane materials,
interfacial designs, and a prototype system tofrom a PEM electrolyser
Dr Sarb Giddey / CSIRO
produce ammonia at a kg scale from renewable2014 - 2021
electricity.
Development of solid state hydrogen compressor for domestic use (small scale re-fuelling of fuell cell electric vehicles) /Fundamental research into metal hydride materials capable of compressing H2 using low grade heat sources (2018 2021)
Current
Development of a prototype solid state H2
Dr Ashleigh Cousins / CSIRO
compressor designed to deliver 350 bar H22018 - 2023
Transportation / Storage

Partnership (if any)

Lead person / Organization

Demonstrate the viability of exporting hydrogen Dr. David Viano / CSIRO
in the form of ammonia and extracting ultra highpurity hydrogen at the point of use with aproduction rate of 200kg/day.

Relates to the development of solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) for steam / CO2 electrolysis for production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid fuels.

ARENA, Orica, GRDC

(Domestic) Griffith University

https://research.csiro.au/hydrogenfsp/(Domestic) Fortescue Metals Group Limited
https://www.csiro.au/en/News/News-releases/2018/CSIRO-tech-accelerates-hydrogen-vehicle-future2019 - 2022
Current

Basic R&D into new carriers and pathways for hydrogen storage and distribution
Current

2019 - 2023
Basic R&D for direct ammonia utilisation in a solid oxide fuel cell for power generation
Current

Utilisation

2019 - 2022
Ammonia combustion in modified diesel engines

Current

2019 - 2024
Development and demonstration of direct thermochemical reactors for production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid fuelsusing beam-down field configuration
Current

2019 - 2022

Production

Basic R&D for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation using perfect absorber materials
Current

2019 - 2022

Direct production technologies for methanol and Various - contact Dr Daniel Roberts / Various
ammonia, as well as increasing our
CSIRO
understanding of ortho-para conversion ofhydrogen during liquefaction and newconversion processes for LOHCs
Develop catalysts, materials and cell design for
CSIRO Hydrogen FSP / strategic areas ofammonia cracking and hydrogen oxidation in the Dr Sarb Giddey/ CSIRO
research, RMIT University
fuel cell.
Slow-speed ammonia engines allow distributed
power generation without the need for cracking
Dr Louis Wibberley / CSIRO
to H2, and also support decarbonisation of
global shipping

https://research.csiro.au/hydrogenfsp/

FMG

Field re-configuration underway. Optics commissioned by early 2021. Beam-down reactor can then be further configured for reserach into direct and indirect minerals
processing.
Will be infrastructure central to Newcastle Renewable Energy Demonstration Hub and input to the CSIRO Hydrogen Mission.

Development of catalysts, materials, cell designs
for direct steam / H2 reaction, to build a
Mike Collins / CSIRO
prototype reactor for 250kWth solar field withliquid fuels synthesis reactor

ARENA, Niigata University, Japan Institute ofApplied Energy (IAE)

Develop catalysts and semiconductor materials
Dr Noel Duffy / CSIRO+ cell design for hydrogen generation

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP / RMIT University

Next stage of projects will look at larger scale systems for increased generation.

ARENA, Sandia National Laboratories, ASTRI,US DoE

Field re-configuration underway. Receiver/storage commissioned by early 2021. System can then be further configured for reserach into indirect industrial heat processes.
Will be infrastructure central to Newcastle Renewable Energy Demonstration Hub and input to the CSIRO Hydrogen Mission.

https://arena.gov.au/projects/solar-thermochemical-hydrogen-research-and-development/

Development and demonstration of indirect production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid fuels using falling particle receiverand heat exchange technology
Development of falling particle receiver (light
Current
capture andheat storage) systems for electricity
and indirect steam / H2 reaction. A ~1MWth
Dr Jin-Soo Kim / CSIRO
solar field with integrated heat capture and2019 - 2022
storage for industrial heat applications includinghydrogen, ammonia and alternative liquid fuels.

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The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022

Activity Summary
Dr. Jean-François Houle

1. Introduction
Clean energy, low-carbon technologies, GHG emissions reduction and climate change are highpriorities for all levels of government in Canada. These priorities are reflected in a multitude of
specific policy actions including but not limited to Canada’s commitment to the Paris Accord,
Mission Innovation, the Sustainable Development Policy, the Pan-Canadian Framework on
Clean Growth and Climate Change and numerous clean energy programs administered bydepartments responsible for Environment and Climate Change (ECCC), Innovation, Science andEconomic Development (ISED) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).
As the federal government’s primary research and technology organization, the NRC mandate is
to provide R&D support to public policy formation, innovation in industry and knowledge
development. The NRC catalyzes technology development within its own research facilities andby working alongside university, provincial and other federal science-based departments andlaboratories.
The NRC is a collaboration focused science and research organization that supports partners
from government, industry, and academia with over 3700 scientists, engineers, and technicians
across 22 R&D sites across Canada covering a range of economically important sectors fromEngineering to Life Sciences. NRC researchers work along the entire technology readiness scale,from fundamental research, to technology development and scale-up, to prototyping and fieldtesting.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
NRC conducts R&D activities across a wide range of clean energy technologies and applications.
Key R&D activities dedicated to adjacent areas of clean energy, but not specifically on hydrogenand CCUS discussed in the next section, include:• Emissions reduction through electrification, concentrating on energy storage
technologies for both stationary and transportation applications, and integration of newtechnologies into grid and vehicle systems• Development of bioenergy resources through improvement of biomass and organic waste
conversion, biofuel upgrading, and certification and integration of sustainable fuels• Increasing fuel flexibility of conventional power generation technology such as gas
turbines• Increase energy efficiency, productivity and clean energy use in mines to reduce
emissions and environmental impact• Use of sustainable fuels and improving efficiency in aircraft, surface and marine vehicles• Electrification of heavy and long-distance transportation
Develop, deploy and validate the energy performance of retrofit technologies for commercial
and institutional buildings64

3. Specific research activities
Canada has plentiful emissions-free and dispatchable hydroelectricity resources, but cold climate,sparse population and long distances create a mix of energy demand that is not amenable toelectrification and bioenergy alone. While global energy sector developments focus onelectrification and biofuels, the implementation pathways for these technologies do not fully
address Canada’s unique needs and a gap remains. Canadian emissions remain dominated by theoil and gas, emissions-intensive chemical processing industries, and long distance and heavytransportation sectors. All these sectors rely on fossil fuels. Projections suggest that for Canada
to meet its COP 21 commitments, a new disruptive and economically viable technology thatoffers an additional option for GHG emissions reduction in these sectors will be required.
The NRC has a rich history in supporting hydrogen and CCUS technologies. Examples include
the Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation in Vancouver where significant advances in fuel cell
technologies were achieved with Canadian, European and Japanese collaborators. The Algal
Carbon Conversion Program worked with large industrial emitters in the fossil fuel and cement
industries to capture and convert emissions to fuels.
NRC is tackling some of the emissions reduction gaps identified above through activities undera number of programs:• Materials for Clean Fuels (MCF) Challenge Program
The MCF Challenge Program, launched in summer 2019, is a 7-year $57M
collaborative research program to create a cleaner, more sustainable Canadian energy
and chemical industry through materials innovation. In this program the NRC iscollaborating with national and international leaders in academia and industry tocatalyze the discovery and development of materials for early-stage exploratory
technologies to decarbonize Canada's oil and gas and petrochemical sectors. The
program aims to develop new materials for zero-emission transportation fuels andchemical feedstocks across the continuum from discovery to commercialization, with a
specific emphasis on the development of high-risk, high-reward technologies at a low
TRL (1-4). The program focuses primarily on three themes:o CO2 conversion (23 active projects)o Industrial H2 production (7 active projects 3 of which are with industry)o AI-accelerated materials discovery (4 active projects)• Clean and Energy Efficient Transportation (CEET) Program
The CEET Program was launched this year and has more than 50 active projects andtarget funding of C$ 6 million per year. The program hosts NRC R&D activities
aimed at assisting industry and policy development in vehicle electrification andclean transportation sectors by focusing on technology development needs related to:o Aerodynamics (6 active projects)
o Alternative Fuel Applications (1 active project)o Batteries (20 active projects)
o Electrical Machines (8 active projects)
o Fleet Energy Efficiency (9 active projects)
o Hydrogen Applications (7 active projects)•

Advanced Clean Energy (ACE) Program
The ACE Program, currently being launched and incorporating the activities of previous
NRC programs, is a 7-year program with a total budget of C$50 million and 30 to 40
staff at NRC. The program focuses on key enablers for electrification and alternative65

fuels to accelerate emissions reduction and the transition to a clean energy economy, tosupport Canada’s commitment to zero emissions by 2050. Alignment of these activities
with the global priorities identified by the IEA creates opportunities to work with
Canadian and international partners towards common goals. The ACE research
priorities are:o Energy Storage Materials and Devices (11 active projects)
o Low Carbon Fuels (34 active projects)
o Hydrogen (13 active projects)•

Green Aviation Research
Canada is a major global player in aviation with a strong supply chain ranging fromaircraft and engine OEMs to major international airlines. With an approximate total of
340 staff members and yearly budget of $55M, NRC’s Aerospace Research Centre
supports Canada’s aerospace sector through collaborations with industry
partners/academia, providing access to unique facilities and expertise related toaerospace product development. This also includes R&D activities to support the decarbonization of the sector through focused R&D in four main thematic areas under anewly launched Low Emission Aviation Program (LEAP):o Aircraft Technology Integration - Develop, optimize and integrate low-carbon
technologies safely into aviation applications.
o Electrical Systems – Addresses technological and economical barriers inelectrical systems and thermal management for the electrification of aircraft
propulsion systems.
o Hydrogen Applications - Develop lightweight and safe hydrogen storage
solutions, integration of fuel cells into aircraft propulsion systems, andtechnologies for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and for combustion in aircraft
gas turbines.
o Battery Safety - Develop battery safety technologies that are optimized to provide
the energy density requirements for aircraft applications.

4. International collaboration
NRC values international collaboration and actively works with international partners throughvarious mechanisms to advance clean technology R&D. The international partnerships are a key
aspect of building strategic platforms for future initiatives and opportunities, and NRC plays acentral role to connect the key stakeholders in domestic and international innovation ecosystems.
In 2019, NRC opened its first international offices in Japan and in Germany to facilitate closer
interactions and collaborations, and reflecting a growing commitment to facilitate broad,international exposure of its research and researchers. As we opened our Japan office at thesame time that the 2019 RD20 was held, NRC and AIST also signed an MOU on researchcooperation, with several opportunities for collaborative projects now being explored. Other
MOUs facilitate our work with key international partners such as UKRI in the U.K., RWTH
Aachen and DLR in Germany and KIAT in Korea.
Additionally, through delivering Canada’s associate membership in EUREKA, the NRC
provides funding to support Canadian firms and innovators to undertake co-innovation projects
with Europe and beyond. NRC worked with NEDO just recently in a EUREKA Globalstars(consortia) call for proposal to support collaborative R&D projects between Canadian SMEs andJapanese corporations.

66

As other examples of international collaboration, NRC represents Canada on technical working
groups at the IEA (TCPs on Energy Storage and Advanced Fuel Cells), and the World Bank
Energy Storage partnership. Relationships with the US Department of Energy researchlaboratories, particularly ARPA-E and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, aremaintained to coordinate NRC work towards clean energy solutions with those in the US.
International joint R&D activities
The following ongoing projects involve international collaborators (institutes taking part inRD20 marked in bold): Low-temperature ammonia electrosynthesis from N2 and water: Imperial College
London, UK High Performance Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Alkaline Solid Electrolyte Water
Electrolysis: Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Germany Artificial intelligence accelerated materials discovery for platinum-group-metal-freeacid-stable oxygen evolution reaction catalysts: Carnegie Mellon University, USA
 Materials assessment and quality control of fuel cell technologies for surface transportapplications: Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), NREL (USA), CEA (France), HySA
(South Africa) Energy Storage Model Development with IEA ECES Annex 32: IEA ECES Member
Countries
 Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries: AIST (Japan)
 Advanced manufacturing and design solutions for electric motors: Boeing (USA) Low Emission Burner development for turbine application: Korean Institute ofMachinery and Materials (Korea)
 Engine Inlet Velocity Profile Effects: GKN Aerospace Engine Systems (UK)
 Alternative Fuels to 100LL: Federal Aviation Administration (USA) National Jet Fuel Combustion Project: International consortium including FAA (USA),engine OEMs, more than 10 universities from USA and UK, and DLR (Germany) Thermal Runaway Initiation Methodology (TRIM) Evaluation of technology withseveral international clients: Germany (BRP-Rotax, TUV, Mercedes-Benz), Sweden(NorthVolt) Europe (Joint Research Commission), Japan (JARI), not to mention
receiving interest from the United States and China
Green Aviation Research
In the short-term (3-5 years), NRC is prioritizing research and technology development forelectrification of aircraft propulsion of up to 1-2MW class engines or smaller. Also in the shorter
term, the focus of our research on hydrogen is in realizing viable, hydrogen-fueled combustion
systems for aero gas turbines, and in aspects related to hydrogen safety, storage and distribution.
In the medium to longer-term, electrification initiatives for larger class of aircraft, and alsohydrogen employment with fuel cells are anticipated to be of greater relevance.
International joint projects at NRC have been primarily selected based on their alignment to NRC
research programs, relevancy of the anticipated research outputs for our clients and partners, aswell our ability to add unique value proposition to the overall collaboration.
One of the main best practices from the NRC has been the use of a “3+2” format for several
international calls for proposals. This format allows the NRC, Canadian industry and academia
to collaborate with industry and academia from a partner country (including research institutes).
Under this scheme, each country funds its own researchers and industry. We believe the 3+2
format to be a good model as it accelerates commercialization. NRC intends to pursue this model.

67

Funding is crucial to enabling research and international collaboration. When collaboratinginternationally, organizations in each country typically have to apply for funding independently.
Misalignment of calls’ timing in each country may prevent collaborations from taking place. Thisapproach may also lead to one organization securing funding while the other does not, resulting
in a limited project scope or the project not being pursued. Joint funding mechanisms would
therefore greatly facilitate international cooperation.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Canada is developing a plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and will set legally-binding,
five-year emissions reduction milestones. The government will increase clean electricity, invest
in greener buildings and communities, accelerate the electrification of transportation, and adopt
nature-based climate solutions.
A 2019 analysis shows that in 2030, Canada’s emissions are projected to be 227 million tons(Mt) below what was projected in 2015. This is a historic level of emissions reductions. Policies
and measures now in place, including those introduced in the last year, are projected to achievea level of emissions 28 million tons lower by 2030 than 2018’s projections.
The dependence on fossil fuel feedstocks of the energy and chemical industry presents animportant emissions challenge for Canada. Liquid fuels remain the densest form of consumableenergy and despite penetration of electric vehicles, will be required for freight, flight, and homeheating for the foreseeable future. The demand for emissions-heavy petrochemicals such as
ethane and naphtha continues to grow given the downstream use of these feedstocks to
manufacture consumer goods such as personal care items, food preservatives, fertilizers andfurnishings that will be needed in higher quantities to supply a growing worldwide middle class.
A less CO2 emissions intensive alternative to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks must be
found in order to mitigate future CO2 emissions.
There is a growing need for low-carbon technology alternatives to current CO2 emissions-heavy
processes that produce chemicals and fuels. Concurrently, global societal need for chemicals andfuels continues to grow, especially in developing economies.
The NRC will continue to develop hydrogen and CCUS technologies for uptake andimplementation by Canadian industry. In addition to the Materials for Clean Fuels Challenge
Program, the NRC is currently engaged in several other clean energy initiatives including thelaunch of the Advanced Clean Energy program in 2021 to address energy storage, bio-energy
and hydrogen applications.
Research Centres across the NRC continue to conduct further R&D on clean energy technologies,
integration and use in transportation, manufacturing and other end-use areas.

68Dr. Jean-François Houle
Dr. Jean-François Houle joined the NRC as Director of Research and Development for the
Medical Devices Research Centre in June 2014. In March 2017, he was named to the positionof General Manager. Since March 2020, he has been Vice-President of the Pandemic Response
Challenge program and became the Vice-President of the Engineering division in April 2022.
Prior to joining the NRC, Dr. Houle had spent 14 years leading business, corporate and productdevelopment activities in private and public biotechnology firms at various stages ofdevelopment, from university spin-offs to more established companies.
Most recently, as COO of Kapplex, he guided the company through its initial spin-out of theuniversity into a full-fledged funded start-up.
He rapidly struck collaborations with leading pharmaceutical, diagnostic and life sciencescompanies and leveraged this interest to raise additional funds to support co-development
projects and the start-up.
Prior to Kapplex, Dr. Houle held a leadership role in product and business development as wellas customer service at Axela, a company in the field of multiplexed protein and nucleic acidbiomarker detection.
He led cross-functional teams through the development and successful launch of several
products and authored several publications and patents.
Dr. Houle began his industrial career at SYNX Pharma, a proteomics and diagnostics company,
where he sought out, structured and fostered collaborations and alliances.
These activities led to a diagnostic development agreement with Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics
and the eventual merger of SYNX with Nanogen Inc in 2004.
Dr. Houle holds a Ph.D. in Experimental Medicine from McGill University.

69

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Emissions-free hydrogen production from natural gas decomposition combined with direct carbon fuel cell technology.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Current

2019 - 2021
Low-temperature ammonia electrosynthesis from N2 and water.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]

Current

2019 - 2021
Materials For
Clean Fuels
Challenge (H2High Performance Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Alkaline Solid Electrolyte Water Electrolysis (AEMWE).
Production[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Thrust)Current

Lead person / Organization

Demonstrate technology that utilizes natural gas Dr. Will Skrivan
to produce hydrogen and electricity within a costof 30% of the incumbent steam methane
reforming.

Partnership (if any)
（Domestic) Ekona Power / Prototype
demonstration

Related information
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Discover a catalyst for electrochemical N2
reduction to ammonia as a liquid transport
medium for H2.

Dr. Nima Shaigan & Dr. Claudie Roy （Domestic) University of British Columbia(International) Imperial College London, UK /Materials development

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

The development and investigation of highperformance membrane electrode assemblies
for AEMWE.

Mr. Wei Qu(International) Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Germany /Materials development

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

The development of novel boron-nintride
Dr. Kenneth Bosnick
nanotube catlysts for plasma-assisted
conversion of CO2 and methane into syngas andproduction of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier(Domestic) McGill University

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Investigation of defects in membrane electrodeassembly (MEA) for quality control

Zhiging Shi(Domestic) National Research Council Canada

Trade-off study for an hydrogen storage option
for airship

Natesa MacRae(Domestic) Canadian SME

2019 - 2021
Functionalized Boron-Nitride Nanotubes for Energy Applications[2019-2022]

Current

2019 - 2022
MEA Defects for Quality Control[2021-

Current

2021

Hydrogen storage trade-off study for airship [2020-2022]

Current

2020 - 2022

Development of CCM Book of Attributes[2019-2021]
Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation

National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaCurrent

2019 - 2021

Data Management and Analysis of Hydrogen Refueling Stations[2019-2021]
2019 - 2021

Develop core competencies in regard to theanalysis of Hydrogen refueling station data, gain
expertise in the applicable fueling protocols, andbuild data analysis template on the existing data

(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada,
Transport Canada, Measurement Canada,
HTEC

Risk Assessment of Hydrogen and Battery
Elton Toma
Power in Locomotives- Development of broad knowledge about therisks and hazards associated with hydrogen andbattery technologies- Application of Risk Mitigation Research to RealWorld Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rail Locomotive Inservice Use

Hydrail Risk Assessment, Codes & Standards [2021-2026]
Current

2021 - 2026

Development of H2 combustion technology.
[2018-2022](Domestic) National Research Council Canada(International) NREL (USA), Fraunhofer ISE(Germany), CEA (France), HySA (South
Africa)Cyrille Décès-Petit
Current

Hydrogen

Establish compendiums of attributes of key fuel Xiao-Zi Yuancell components for the Quality Control of proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells

Current

Supported development of a H2-fuelled gas
turbine combustion system for a multi-national
OEM through high-pressure rig testing.

2018 - 2022

70

Nanthan RamachandranNR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/towards-net-zero-emissionrailway-system-hydrogenpowered-trains
Transport Canada, University of British Columbia(Domestic) Multi-national Engine OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centreNext generation land-based gas turbine combustors[2018-2022]

Combustion
Technologies for
Stationary
Hydrogen enriched turbulent flame behaviour
Applications [2018-2023]

Current

Develop and optimize a novel gas turbine fuelinjection system for hydrogen-enriched fuels.

Dr. Patrizio Vena

(Domestic) Multi-national Engine OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Gain a fundamental understanding of physicalmechanisms that govern hydrogen-enrichedflamesDr. Patrizio Vena

(Domestic) McGill University, Multi-national
Engine OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Develop low emission combustion technologies
for turbine application of gaseous fuels with H2enriched blends

Dr. Sean Yun(International) Korean Institute of Machinery andMaterials

Development of an LCA-based methods toassess the carbon intensity of hydrogenproduction pathways relevant to Canada

Dr. Giovanna Gonzales-Calienes

2018- 2022

Current

2018- 2021
Current Current
Current

Low Emission Burner development for turbine application.
[2018-2021]

Current

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

2018- 2021
Current Current
Current

Life Cycle Based Methodology Development to Assess the Carbon Intensity of Hydroge Production Pathways (20222026)
Current(Domestic) NRCan, ECCC
Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

2022-2026
Advanced Clean
Current Current
Current
EnergyGap Analysis in Codes and Standards Across the Hydrogen Value Chain (2022-2026)

An analysis of existing codes and standards
Mr. Manuel Hernandez
across the hydrogen value chain, fromproduction to end use, will help identify gaps andaddress those to enable the deployment ofhydrogen technologies in Canada(Domestic) NRCan, Transport Canada, CSA

Develop ionomer materials to reduce theelectrical resistance and overpotential forelectrochemical CO2 reduction.

(Domestic) Simon Fraser University, Ionomr
Technologies

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Develop catalysts that convert CO2 to ethylene Dr. Claudie Roy
glycol at current densities >100 mA/cm2 using
gas diffusion electrodes(Domestic) University of Toronto

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Develop catalysts that convert CO2 to syngas
directly from a basic capture solution at current
densities >100 mA/cm2 using a bipolymer
membraneDr. Ken Shi(Domestic) University of British Columbia

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Dr. Robert Black(Domestic) McMaster University

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Current

Development of novel characterization
techniques for CO2 electroreduction catalysts(Domestic) Universite de Sherbrooke

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Current

Development of catalysts to directly convert flue Dr. Samira Lotfi
gas into syngas.

Current

2022-2026

Development of ion-exchange membranes tailored for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Current

Dr. Ken Shi

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

2019 - 2021
Electrochemical CO2 conversion to ethylene glycol using renewable electricity.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]

Current

2019 - 2021
Current
Current

CO2 conversion to syngas from bicarbonate solutions coupled with direct air capture.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]

Current

2019 - 2021
Current
Current
Current

In-situ/operando characterization of CO2 electrocatalysts under operating conditions.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
2019 - 2021

National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaCCUS

Materials For
Clean Fuels
Current
Current
Current
Challenge
Direct Conversion of CO2-rich Flue Gas to Syngas for Power-to-Liquids technologies
Program (CO2 [2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Conversion
Thrust)2019 - 2021
Current
Current
Current

71Current
Current
Current

CO2 to jet fuel technology platform[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]

Current

Development of new reverse-water gas shiftcatalysts and reactor designs for CO2
conversion to jet fuelCurrent

Current

Dr. Patrick Mercier(Domestic) Polytechnique Montreal

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Development of new plasmonic catalysts via
Dr. Yaser Abu-Lebdeh
ultra-fast laser texturing for photoelectrochemical
CO2 conversion.

(Domestic) University of Ottawa

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Development of new photocatalysts and pore
Dr. Dongfang Yang
structures for photochemical CO2 dry reforming
to syngas(Domestic) University of Toronto

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

Develop of technoeconomic and life cycle
analysis of new CO2 conversion technologies.

(Domestic) University of Calgary, University ofAlberta, University of Toronto

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

2019 - 2021
Current
Current
Current

Scalable Plasmonic Catalysts for CO2 Reduction[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
2019 - 2021
Current
Current
Current

Renewable Syngas from Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
2019 - 2021
Current
Current
Current

Development and Validation of an integrated LCA/TEA platform for CO2 conversion technologies evaluation[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Current

Dr. Farid Bensebaa

2019 - 2021

Fuel switching of waste-derived gaseous fuels[2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Low Quality Wet Feedstocks, its blends, and Characterization of Biocrude [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023
2022

Demonstration clean energy generation throughproduction of gaseous fuels via gasification andbioelectrochemical treatment of solid and liquid
Dr. James Butler
wastes, respectively, for the application of fuelswitching in dual-fuel internal combustion
engines.

(Domestic) Ecole Polytechnique, Tomlinson
Environmental Services, Natural Resources
CanadaNR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Conversion of food waste to biocrude in various
blends utilizing hydrothermal liquefaction and
Dr. Devinder Singhsubsequent utilization in internal combustion
engines.

(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada, Old
Dominion University

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Development and implementation of advanced
CI Natural Gas/Renewable Natural Gas-diesel
dual fuel technologies to reduce barriers to the Dr. Hongsheng Guo
adoption in HDVs and reduce CO2, PM and NOx
emissions compared to the stock HDVs.

(Domestic) Environment and Climate Change
Canada, Natural Gas Innovation Fund, Hiller
Truck Tech Inc., Innovative Fuel Systems

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Utilizing the emissions from the steel industry tobiochemically convert to natural gas to displace Ms. Ruxandra Albu Cimpoia
fossil energy and reduce emissions(Domestic) Canadian Steel Producers
Association, McMaster University, CTTEI,Natural Resources Canada

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Integration of lifecycle analysis andtechnoeconomic platforms as a comprehensive
decision making tool on the production of various Dr. Farid Bensebaa
gaseous and liquid biofuels from biomasssources, including residuals and MSW(Domestic) Queen's Unviersity, Agriculture
Canada, Environment and Climate Change
Canada, Natural Resources Canada

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Current

Demonstration and Further Development of Natural Gas/Renewable Natural Gas - Diesel Dual Fuel Vehicle Technology[2020-2023]
National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaCurrent

Advanced Clean
Energy Program
Renewable
Enegy2020 - 2023
2022
Current

Promising opportunity to reduce Iron and Steel industry energy/feedstock needs and CO2 emissions
utilizing residual CO-rich gases [2020-2023]
Current

2020 - 2023
An integrated TEA/LCA platform to evaluate bioenergy production from different biomass sources [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023
Current
Current

Aerospace
Research Centre

Metal fuel for energy carrier from renewable energy source[2020-2021]

Current

Validate the potential of using metal fuel as anenergy carrier for renewable energy sources

Dr. Sean Yun(Domestic) McGill University

2020 - 2021

Vehicle propulsion technologies: fully charged with innovation.:
NR16-203/2018E-PDF Government of Canada
Publications - Canada.ca

Current

Next Generation Materials for Solid-State Batteries [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023
2022

To design and synthesize composite electrolytematerials and fabrication processes with greater
Dr. Yaser Abu-Lebdeh
flexibility and chemical stability along withprocesses

Current

72

Domestic (University of British Columbia)

NR16-209-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Current

Improved Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Performance [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023

To understand and model phenomena occurringin the VRFB and their mechanisms from aDr. Roberto Neagu
fundamental perspective in order to improvespecific materials and components.

NR16-209-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

To develop testing standards and diagnostic
tools for the remanufacture/repurpose of end oflife batteries, investigate the potential for direct
anode regeneration, develop novel elemental
Ben Yuseparation techniques of anode and cathodematerials, and understand the economic andenvironmental impact of recycling.

NR16-209-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Current

End of Life Lithium Ion Battery Options – Remanufacturing, Repurposing and Recycling [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023
2022

Advanced Clean
Energy Program

Current

Energy Storage Model Development with IEA ECES Annex 32 [2019-2023]
Current

2019 - 2023
2022

Current

Current

2019 - 2023
EnergyManagement
Systems

Darren Jang

(Domestic) Carleton University, University ofVictoria(International) IEA ECES Member Countries

NR16-209-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Optimize and technology demonstration of a
micro gas turbine for CHP with power and heatstorages

Dr. Zekai Hong

(Domestic) OERD, University of Toronto

NR16-210-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

This project has the overall objective to unlock
the challenges related to the materials andmanufacturing processes of solid-state batteries
Dr. Alexis Laforgue
by investigating a number of innovativetechnologies to produce advanced SSEs fromboth inorganic and polymeric materials.

(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada, Blue
Solutions, University of Sherbrooke(International) AIST (TBC) (Japan)

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Develop the next generation of anode materials
to enable higher-energy density and lower cost
Li-ion batteries that will accelerate all-electric
Dr. Mathieu Toupin
vehicles mass market penetration and reduce
CO2 emissions from transportation.

(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada, Mason
Graphite, Nouveau Monde Graphite,
NanoXplore, Mercedes-Benz Research &Development North America, Tekna

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Test and evaluate the bi-directional charging
performance of a V2G-capable EV

Dr. Yeong Yoo(Domestic) Transport Canada

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

Evaulate the durability of battereis for electricvehiclesDr. Dean MacNeil(Domestic) Transport Canada

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

To evaluate the potential for thermal propagationof an unspecified thermal event with an electric
Dr. Dean MacNeil
vehcile and its effect on the vehicle and vehicle
occupants(Domestic) Transport Canada

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)

To design and develop an electric propulsion
system, a battery technology and a charging
infrastructure for a mining vehicle(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada, CanMET
Mines, Propulsion Québec, Nouveau-mondeGraphite, TM4-Dana, Adria, Fournier & Fils

Current

Combustion optimization and system optimization of a micro gas turbine for CHP with power and heat storages [2019Current
2023]

National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaThe development of standardized, scientifically
proven datasets / test cases and open-source
models for energy storage systems

Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries [2020-2023]
Current

2020 - 2023

Next generation Li-ion battery anode for electrical vehicles [2020-2023]
Current

2020-2023

Current

Test and Evaluation of the Bi-directional charging performance of a V2G-capable EV
Current

Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation2018 - 2021

Electric Vehicle Battery Cell Testing

Current

2018 - 2021
Electric Vehicle Diagnostics and Propagation Testing
Current

2018 - 2021
Electrification of a mining Vehicle

Current

2020-2022

Materials for
Clean Fuels
Challenge
Program (AI-Artificial intelligence accelerated materials discovery for platinum-group-metal-free acid-stable oxygen evolution reaction
catalysts.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Current

Frédéric Collin

Utilize high-throughput computational simulation Dr. Isaac Tambyln
and artificial intelligence to screen for new mixed
metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction2019 - 2021

73

(Domestic) University of Toronto
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616(International) Carnegie Mellon University (USA)/ algorithm and materials development

Program (AIAccelerated
Materails
Discovery)

Automated robotics and unsupervised learning for the discovery of oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. [2019-2021,
potential renewal to 2026]
Current

Automated robotics and deep-learning platform
to iteratively discover new materials for theoxygen evolution reaction

Dr. Isaac Tambyln(Domestic) University of Toronto(USA) / platform and materials development

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

2019 - 2021
Advanced manufacturing and design solutions for electric motors [2020-2022]

This project aims at developing electric motor
solutions for the automotive and aerospacesectors via the use of advanced manufacturing
and innovative designs.

Current

2020-2022
Electric Vehicle Life Cycle GHG Analysis [2018-2021]
Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation

Current

2018-2021
Devices for reduction of emissions from heavy duty automotive vehicles using conventional and renewable, low carbon
fuels [2020-2022]
Current

2020-2022

Dr. Jean-Michel Lamarre(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada, DanaTM4, Polycontrols(International) Boeing (USA)

Evaluate and compare life cycle GHG emissionsof electric (EVs) and conventional
Dr. Miyuru Kannangara
vehicles (CVs).

(Domestic) Transport Canada, Environment and NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)
Climate Change Canada

The project aims to support broad adoption of
low carbon and renewable fuels and advanced
ICE solutions in HDV and rail applications byimproving the exhaust treatment chain.

(Domestic) Natural Resources Canada

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)(Domestic) Carleton university, OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Dr. Roberto Neagu

Performance Improvement of small propulsor for UAV application [2021]
Current

2021 - 2021
E‎ngine Inlet Velocity Profile Effects [2018-2022]

Advanced
AircraftNational
Research
Council(NRC) /
Canada2018 - 2022
Morphing Intakes: MI6 (AFI project) [2018-2021]

Current

2018 - 2021
Other

Low Order Simulation of Flying Taxis [2020-2022]

Current

2020 - 2022
Current

National Jet Fuel Combustion Project [2016-2021]

Current

2016 - 2021
Hybrid Electric Aircraft Testbed [2019-2021]

Current
Current

Current
Current

2019 - 2021

Conceptual study of new hybrid electric propulsion system architecture [2021]
Current

2021 - 2021

Validate high altitude performance andimprovement of small propulsor for the UAV
application
Design, build and complete scaled testing ofdistortion-tolerant fan for a variety of flow
conditions to serve as a test bed/proof ofconcept for future full-scale engine BLI studies.

Current

Dr. Hamza Abo el ella

Dr. Faezeh Rasimarzabadi

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/resea
rch-development/research(Domestic) Bombardier Aerospacecollaboration/research(International) GKN Aerospace Engine Systems centres/aerospace-research(UK)centreClean Energy
Sources2020 - 2022

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Proof-of-concept of a morphing engine intake tooptimize the aerodynamic performance for an
Dr. Wajid Chishty
aircraft operating with boundary layer ingestion.

(Domestic) Royal Military College, University ofToronto, Queen's

Evaluation of key fuel properties for new
Sustainable Aviation Fuels (alternative fuels) to
Dr Francois Fortin
reduce its certification time through combustion
testing with international partners(Domestic) UTIAS

Evaluation of key fuel properties for new biofuels(alternative fuels) to reduce its certification time
Mr. Pervez Canteenwalla
through combustion testing with international
partners

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/resea(International) International consortium including rch-development/researchFAA (USA), engine OEMs, more than 10
collaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchuniversities from USA, UK and DLR
centre

NRC’s first electric aircraft project. Involves thedevelopment of an airborne electric propulsion
test-bed demonstrator that will be used toevaluate various hybrid-electric propulsion
systems, configurations, and component
technologies, as well as gather experimental
data to inform evolving certification

Dr. Daniel Booth(Domestic) Carleton University

Feasibility study of a new conceptual
Dr. Hamza Abo el ellaarchitecture of hybrid electric propulsion system

Build a research test platfrom for system
optimization of serial hybrid electric
aeropropulsion system

74

Dr. Osvaldo Arenas

Solving industry’s challenges :bioenergy systems for viable
stationary applications.: NR16210/2018E-PDF - Governmentof Canada Publications Canada.ca
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Research Platform for Serial Hybrid Electric Drvie Train for aeropropulsion [2020-2022]
Current

NR16-203-2018-eng.pdf(publications.gc.ca)(Domestic) Ryerson university

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

Alternative Fuels to 100LL [2014-2023]

Current

Evaluation of candidate unleaded fuels that will
replace 100 low-lead fuel that is currently usedby the piston-powered General Aviation fleet

2014 - 2023

Impact of Alternative Fuels on Afterburner Performance [2020-2022]

Evaluating the effects of Sustainable Aviation
Fuels on military aircraft engines with afterburner
Dr. Sean Yun
technology to enable their use in the Royal
Canadian Air Force fleet

Current

2020 - 2022
Impact of Alternative Fuels on Hot Section Life [2020-2021]
Current

2020 - 2021

Mr. Pervez Canteenwalla
Mr. Peter Earle

Evaluating the effects of Sustainable Aviation
Fuels on military aircraft engines turbine
component durability to enable their use in theRoyal Canadian Air Force fleet

75

Dr. Kuiying Chen

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research(Domestic) Transport Canada, Environment and development/researchClimate Change Canada, Canadian Owners and collaboration/researchPilot Association
centres/aerospace-research-centre(International) Federal Aviation Administration(USA)(Domestic) Department of National Defence(Domestic) Department of National Defence

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research-centre

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Clean Energy Technologies in DICPLI Xianfeng
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
1. Introduction
Addressing the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020, President Xi
Jinping pledged that China will peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutral
by 2060. Since then, President Xi has reiterated these goals and specified requirements of lowcarbon energy development in China.
Science and technology development will play an essential role in energy system transformation.
Together with dozens of universities, institutes and enterprises working on energy research in
China, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP, CAS) is
working as a leading institute to establish the CAS Innovation Center for Clean Energy in 2017,
exploring energy related technologies for establishing a multi-energy integration technology
system, which will support for the energy revolution and achieving the dual-carbon target.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
The main sources of carbon emission in China are coming from fossil energy utilizationand industrial process. Thus, a multi-energy integration technology system with four routes andfour platforms has been proposed. The four routes are: (1) clean and efficient utilization andcoupling substitution of fossil energy, to achieve energy security, (2) multi-energy
complementation and large-scale integration of non-fossil energy, to upgrade the energy system,(3) reengineering of hard-to-abate industries towards low-carbon and zero-carbon processes, (4)digital, intelligent, and multi-energy integration, for improved overall system optimization. And
the four platforms are Syngas / methanol, Energy storage, Hydrogen energy, Carbon dioxide.
A Strategic Priority Research Project (Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and
Demonstration) has been launched by Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is led by DICP,
aiming at providing cutting-edge theories and technologies in related energy technologies.
DICP has also set up Research Center for Energy Strategy, to investigate the progress ofthe development of energy technologies and their influence to society and economy, to evaluate
the technical maturity and their possibility in industrialization, which is willing to provide astrategic view for energy technology system development.
3. Specific research activities
Hydrogen is a clean secondary energy carrier. It could also play as an important role inclean utilization of fossil energy and utilization of CO2. With “green” hydrogen, it is possible torealize the zero carbon emission in fossil fuel utilization. Coupling with hydrogen, CO2 could be
converted to useful chemicals, such as methanol and so on.
Renewable sources with low carbon emission are expected to be applied in large scale,
however, renewable energy such as wind and solar are inherently volatile and have low energy
density. Energy storage technology can effectively mitigate the potential volatility caused bylarge-scale energy generation from renewable sources. This technology can balance power
supply and demand, and improve the safety, economic efficiency and flexibility of grid operation.

76

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Related programs/projects conducted by the instituteStrategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid fuelfrom renewable energy (2018-2023)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/Non-ElectricApplications of Nuclear Energy (2018-2023)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Large Scale Energy
Storage Demonstration (2018-2023)

4. International collaboration
DICP is an internationally well connected institution. Through academic communication,
personnel exchange, students cultivation, joint projects, symposium and conferences, DICP istightly cooperated with universities, institutions and companies around the world. In the past
several years, DICP has held the bilateral or multilateral symposium between CAS and Royal
Society (RS), Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAF), German National Academy of
Sciences Leopoldina (Leopoldina), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission (CEA), National Research Council of Science and Technology, South Korea (NST)in energy related aspects, such as energy storage, energy efficiency, carbon cycling.
DICP is willing to continue and develop international cooperation with partners with every
aspect in energy technology development, as well as policy making, economic evaluation, so as
to have had deep discussions on the pathway to energy future in an international perspective.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
To tackle the climate change is the common topic for human being. The Chinese
government has launched a series of policies, regulations and guidance to accelerate thetechnology development and industrial upgrading toward “dual carbon” target. To meet national
strategic goals, China encourages innovation in technology, in industry, and in business models,
and will pursue green and low-carbon energy development suited to national conditions andadapted to positive international trends in the energy technology revolution. As an institute withlong history of conducting energy research, DICP puts and will always put best efforts topromote the development of energy technology with international and domestic partners, tomeet national and international goals.

77Prof. Dr. LI Xianfeng, Deputy Director General
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP, CAS)
Prof. LI Xianfeng received a doctoral degree from Jilin University
in 2006, after 3 years’ postdoc in K. U. Leuven University, he wasappointed as associated professor in Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2012, he waspromoted as full professor. He serves as the head of Energy Storage
Division at DICP since 2015. In 2021, he becomes the Deputy
Director General of DICP, CAS. His research interest mainly
focused on electrochemical energy storage, eg. Flow battery, lithium
ion battery etc. Up to now, Dr. Li has authored more than 250 peerreviewed papers with more than 10000 citations. Additionally, he hasapplied for over 200 patents, and more than 150 patents have been
granted. At present, he serves as the editorial board member of“Science Bulletin”, “Sustainable Energy & Fuels” (RSC),"Journal of Energy Chemistry" (Elsevier), “Scientific Reports” (Nature publishing Group)and “Sustainability”.

78

作成課：○○課
保存期間：平成○○年○○月○○日まで保存（セット後は保存期間〇〇年）
性質/日付： 機密性○、平成○○年○○月○○日
未定稿 備考：個人文書

Institute/Country

Theme

Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Shanghai Advanced
Research
Institute(SARI), CAS

Hydrogen
EnergyShanghai Institute ofApplied Physics(SINAP), CAS

Hydrogen
EnergyDalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Shanghai Advanced
Research
Institute(SARI), CAS
Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Institute of Engineering
Thermophysics(IET), CAS

Sub Theme

Hydrogen
Production

Related programs(with short summary)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid fuel from renewable energy

CCUS

EnergyStorage

Development of high - temperature electrolysis
hydrogen production equipment.
Prof. Jianqiang Wang/ SINAP

2018- 2023 (R&D span)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid fuel from renewable energy

Carbon dioxide
utilization

Prof. Zhigang Shao/ DICP
Prof.Yuhan Sun/ SARI

20XX
2018-- 2023
20XX (R&D(R&D span)
span)

Current

Current

Pilot demonstration of direct convert CO2 to Fuelwith capability of kilotons/a.

2018- 2023 (R&D span)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Large Scale Energy Storage Demonstration (20182023)
Current

Energy Storage

Lead person / Organization

Development of SPE Water Electrolysis system.

Current

Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/Non-Electric Applications of Nuclear Energy
Hydrogen
Production

Target / Goal Outcome

Construct the 100 Megawatt Energy Storage
Station2018- 2023 (R&D span)

79

Prof. Zhigang Shao/ DICP
Prof.Yuhan Sun/ SARI

Prof. Xianfeng Li/ DICP
Prof.Haisheng Chen/ IET

Partnership (if any)

Related information

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022

Activity Summary
Stephen Quest
Director-General

1. Introduction
Research in energy, transport, and environment/climate is vital to ensure a sustainable futureof our planet in general and a low-carbon economy in particular. The aim of research in thesefields is to support the European Green Deal and REPowerEU, to achieve climate neutrality by
2050, to make our energy system more efficient, secure, affordable and sustainable, and foster
sustainable and efficient transport in Europe.
In order to face future challenges, JRC research includes experimental studies on ways tointegrate renewable energy sources into the power grid. It also investigates the gridinteroperability with, for example ICT and transport systems.
With its models and analyses, the JRC has contributed to the EU Climate and Energy Policy
Packages that help Europe reduce its dependency on imports of gas and oil, boost its green
technology industry and ensure sustainable growth.
For example our scientists analysed the broader economic impacts of the more ambitious EU
greenhouse gas emissions' reduction targets for 2030 and 2050, covering the interactions
between the economy, the energy system and the environment. Research on the transportsystem focuses on transport electrification and decarbonisation, transport networks andmobility patterns, including impacts at urban and regional level.
.
The JRC has dedicated laboratories that focus on performance characterization oftechnologies (photovoltaics, hydrogen, batteries), emission control and related impacts on
ecosystems, scientific tools that allow this research to be carried out efficiently and databases
including information relevant to all aspects of energy, climate and transport.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Please see: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/science-areas/energy-transport_en
3. Specific research activities
Please see: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/science-areas/energy-transport_en
4. International collaboration
The Joint Research Centre is active in many international collaborations on energy, transport,
and climate and many other fields.
Please describe your experience and concerns regarding the actual international joint project.

80

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

Topics: Renewables, energy system integration, hydrogen, batteries
Staff exchanges, joint papers, laboratory intercomparisons
Joint deliverables

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Please see: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/science-areas/energy-transport_en81Stephen QUESTNationality: French and British
Academic qualifications: Professional experience in 
the European Institutions:

09/1983 – 06/1986 BA (Hons) 2.1 in History
University of York - United Kingdom
Since 01/05/2020: Director-General of the "Joint Research Centre"
(JRC)



01/2016 – 04/2020: Director-General – Directorate-General for
Taxation and Customs Union (TAXUD)



03/2013 – 12/2015: Director-General of the Directorate-General for
Informatics (DIGIT)

04/2010 – 02/2013: Director of the Office for the Administration andPayment of Individual Entitlements (PMO)

04/2004 – 03/2010: Head of Cabinet, Commissioner for Financial
Programming and Budget



06/2000 – 04/2004: Assistant to the Secretary General of theCommission



09/1999 – 06/2000: Member of Cabinet, Commissioner for theEnvironment



05/1999 – 09/1999: Assistant to the Head of President-designate
Prodi's transition team

03/1999 – 05/1999: Assistant to the Director-General, DG XXII
(Education and Training)

01/1995 – 02/1999: Member of Cabinet, Commissioner for
Employment & Social Affairs

09/1993 – 12/1994: Administrator, DG V (Employment and Social
Affairs)

Professional experience
before joining theEuropean Institutions:
Language Skills: 

06/1987 – 09/1993: Administrator, then Head of Unit, UK Departmentof Employment
EnglishFrench82

作成課：○○課
保存期間：平成○○年○○月○○日まで保存（セット後は保存期間〇〇年）
性質/日付： 機密性○、平成○○年○○月○○日
未定稿 備考：個人文書

Institute/Country

JRC

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

For the JRC we would like to direct you to our science hub (https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en ) which always features the latest information on the status of our activities, including data and publication repositories

83

Related information

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Activity Summary
Advanced Research and Developmentof Clean Energy Technologies within CNRS
A. PETIT, A. SLAOUICNRS, France
1. Introduction
The prospects for sustainable development depend on a sustainable, secure and competitiveenergy supply with reduced environmental impact, both locally and globally. The energy
problem is part of a complex framework that must respond to several major challenges:
guaranteeing access to energy for all at an affordable cost, being part of climate change
mitigation and adaptation, preserving human health and the environment and providing asustainable energy mix. Thus, the strong growth of demand expected by 2030 at the global levelshould be satisfied by a wide diversification of energy sources, by increasing production andthe integration of non-fossil energy into the network, in particular to control greenhouse gas
emissions or to limit reliance on feedstocks that are irregularly distributed and inherently
limited. To meet the needs of diversification of supply and major climate issues, the 21st century
will therefore be that of the energy transition.
Since signature of Paris agreement of COP 21, France has adopted several policies to tackle
these challenges such as the energy transition for green growth (LTECV) 1 and the National
Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC), among others. The goal is to guide technological and societal
choices towards the objectives and to support the research and development effort (R & D)
which is necessary for the continuous improvement of existing offers and the development of
new options. This resulted in the launch in 2016 of a National Energy Research Strategy(SNRE), by the Ministries of research, Environment and Sustainability, and industry. This
SNRE act aims at identifying the R & D stakes and the scientific barriers to overcome atdifferent time scales and throughout the energy innovation chain to enable the achievement of
the objectives of the LTECV policy plan in France, while at the same time inscribing this R&D
in a broader international perspective.
France is also committed to several European R&D energy policies which focus on the systemic
issues posed by tomorrow's energy challenges related to new modes of production of energy(variable and distributed sources of renewable energy), consumption (energy efficiency at
industry and building levels...), transport (e-vehicule, smart grids…), and storage (batteries,hydrogen…).
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
CNRS, the National Centre for Scientific Research, is the largest research organization in
France and in Europe. Its mission is to develop fundamental and generic knowledge in all
Among the objectives: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by a factor 4 between 1990 and 2050 ; Reduce the primary energy consumption offossil fuels by 30% in 2030 compared to the 2012 reference; Increase the share of renewable energies to 23% and 32% of final energy
consumption in 2020 in 2030, respectively; Set the share of nuclear power in electricity production to 50% by 2025.
184

scientific disciplines, and to bring out concepts that are breaking down and can lead toinnovative products and services. CNRS has registered the Energy Transition among the six
societal challenges for the period 2019-2023.Thus, more than 4500 full time researchers
working within 280 CNRS-Universities joint labs over the whole country and abroad, arecurrently developing activities on topics related to energy. The main research themes of theresearchers concern development of renewable energies (mainly biomass, solar and marine),
flexibility of systems for the integration of renewable energies, energy storage including
production and utilization of hydrogen energy carriers, decentralization and multi-scale
governance of energy systems, improvement of nuclear energy production and safety, societal
and economical aspects related to energy production and use, etc.
As a matter of fact, since 2021, CNRS has been appointed by the government for the scientificand financial coordination of more than 20 National Research Programs (PEPR) dealing withseveral topics, including energy. These Programs are chosen within the top national priorities
for the coming ten years. Among those on energy, CNRS is coordinating the programs on
Decarbonated Hydrogen, Batteries, Decarbonation of the Industry, and Advanced Technologies
for Energy Systems (PV, wind, electric grid) as well as crosscutting ones such as Recycling and
DIADEME (materials by design).
CNRS has also established strong collaborations with industry through several joint labs, suchas with TOTAL, EDF, Air Liquide to mention some. The research topics concern photovoltaics,
grid network and hydrogen production, respectively.
3. Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen and others.
More than 4500 full time equivalent (FTE) staff are working in the field of energy, half are PhD
or postdocs. The research are carried out within more than 280 CNRS-universities joint labs,
all over France and abroad (CANADA, JAPAN…). All fields of energy are concerned, ranging
from nuclear to storage, distribution and transports, and also renewable energies (RE) topic
which is at the top since a quarter of the total FTE is involved in solar energy, biomass,
bioenergy and marines and wind. To cite some, activities at CNRS labs dealing with biomass(wood, dedicated crops, vegetable waste), are mainly focusing on 2nd et 3 generation of
biofuels produced by biological (ethanol) or thermochemical methods. As for solar energy, mostof the R&D is concentrated on photovoltaics to develop either new materials based on abundantelements (e.g. metallic oxides …), advanced solar cells concepts (e.g. hot carrier solar cells,
up/down shift converting layers…) or novel device architectures (e.g. 2T or 4T tandem cells).
The aim is to develop high-efficient solar cells at low cost.
On the other hand, the energy transition requires the development of efficient energy storage
and conversion technologies to manage the intermittent nature of the RES and ensure thematching between clean energy production and its consumption. Electricity and hydrogen areenergy vectors particularly adapted to this task. They can be stored by electrochemical (batteries,
supercapacitors) and physico-chemical (compressed gas and hydride materials) means,respectively. They have complementary discharge time-scales and energy densities and can beconverted from one into another using fuel cells. Some CNRS teams have great and worldwide
expertise in batteries and supercapacitors with the aim to develop new generation (Nabatteries…).
As for hydrogen, the challenges are the development of equipment for an efficient production85

of hydrogen by electrolysis (preferably at high temperature using “unused” heat), production ofcarbon-free hydrogen from renewable energy resources such as by electrolyzing water using
electricity generated from solar or wind power, a breakthrough for the 3rd generation of PEM
batteries for mobility and for innovative storage means (solid as well as organic liquids) andthe understanding of degradation and aging phenomena.
In the topic of grid integration, CNRS is working on how connected multi-scaled grids areenable effective development and utilization of renewable-based distributed energy resources
while optimizing quick energy transfer from distributed energy sources to variety of load
centres (fluctuating, local and regional). The rationale behind it is a potential reduction in theneed for investment in additional power generating stations.
Last but not least, CNRS has several researchers working on social, environmental andeconomic aspects of the energy transition. The topics range from life cycle analysis to safety
and looking carefully to the bottlenecks for social acceptance of current or new technologies
such as wind and hydrogen.
4. International collaboration
4-1 International alliance/networking development
CNRS has a clear and ambitious international collaboration strategy as witnessed by thenumerous international cooperation tools 2 (see picture below) that are offered to build and/or
strengthen high level collaborations with leading institutes laboratories or Universities over theworld. The most important and visible instrument for international cooperation of CNRS
worldwide is probably the International Research Laboratories (IRLs) such as LIMMS in Japan.
Such IRLs are located in a foreign country, and have facilities where researchers, students,
postdocs, and support staff from CNRS and the foreign partner’ institution are working together
on well-defined topics. The Director of the IRLs is jointly named by CNRS and the foreign
partner institution(s). The IRLs have a duration of five years and can be reconducted.
Other international cooperation tools are the International Research Projects (IRP) which arecollaborative research schemes between one or more CNRS laboratories and one or twolaboratories from foreign countries. The purpose is to strengthen previously-establishedcollaboration through short- and medium-term scientific exchange, in addition to organising
working meetings or seminars, developing joint research activity including field research, andsupervising students. These programmes have usually a duration of five years. Another tool is
the International Research Network (IRN) dedicated to structuring international research
networks with a focus on a common theme or research infrastructure. It promotes theorganisation of international workshops and seminars, as well as thematic schools organised by
the network partners in France and abroad. It lasts for five years. There is also the International
Emerging Actions (IEA) tool dedicated to exploring new topics and partnerships at theinternational level through PI-to-PI projects. The actions are usually short-term mobility ofscientists, the organisation of working meetings, and the initiation of early-stage joint researchworks for shared scientific projects. Such projects are funded for a duration of two years.

2

https://international.cnrs.fr/en/cooperer-a-l-international/86

It should be added that around 55,000 short visits (conferences, stays…) and secondments arealso carried out by the CNRS fellowships over the world each year. More important, over 200
researchers (including secondments) perform research in foreign institutions for durations of
one year or more. As a result, over half of the organization’s publications are joint publications
with international partners witnessing the CNRS’ international vitality.
CNRS is also a major player in the development of the European research area and thus an
important contributor to the European integration process. These last years, CNRS’ researchers
have participated to more than 1250 EU projects, and about the fourth of them are dealing withenergy. CNRS also took an active part in the International Cooperation projects (INCO)
launched by the EU commission. Last but not least, CNRS is participating to the European
Interest Group (EIG) CONCERT-Japan which is a multilateral joint funding initiative between
Japanese JST and European partners. In 2017, this program was focusing on “Efficient Energy
Storage and Distribution” ».
Finally, researchers from the Humanities and Social Sciences department of CNRS are also
involved in understanding and bringing solutions to issues which are emerging with the energy
transition. Besides the commitment issue to new technologies (hydrogen for instance), they
address the anthropological, sociological, political and economic aspects brought by thechanges during usages: new consumption trends (consum’actor’ citizens), new mobility, newmarkets, policies, multilevel managements, in addition to protection of privacy, availability ofenergy to all...
4-2 International joint R&D activities
It is worth saying that a high number of projects are carried out with European partners thanks
to the bilateral and European commission on Clean and Sustainable Energy programmes. Yet,CNRS has used the tools mentioned above to fund, totally or partially, several joints projects
dealing with the development of innovative clean energy technologies involving many foreign
partners originating from North and Western Africa, North America (USA, Canada), Asia
(Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Singapore), and Australia.
To mention some, there is IRP-ATLAS “Associated Trans-Mediterranean Laboratories forApplications in Solar Energy,” with Morocco (2017-2021), which is a formal structured
international laboratory collaboration created by CNRS, Georgia Tech, and Moroccan
education (MESRSFC) and research (CNRST) entities for international collaborations. This lab
will allow for scientific synergies in photovoltaics, energy efficiency, and provides resources
for the exchange of students and researchers, and a platform for building joint projects fundedby companies and by public sources. There is also IRP NEXTPV (2016-2024) is an
International Joint Laboratory on next generation of photovoltaic cells, operated by the French

87

CNRS, University of Bordeaux and the Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology(RCAST), The University of Tokyo. It aims at developing High efficiency solar cells concepts
and devices based on III-V heterostructures, hot carriers solar cells and intermediate bands solar
cells as well as Organic and Hybrid Solar cells. There also the French-SINgaporean networkon renewable enERGIEs (SINERGIE), an international research network (IRN) resulting froma CNRS - NTU joint initiative. It has been formally established in 2017 for 5 years and covers
a wide range of topics: Smart Grids and Power systems, Energy storage, Wind and Marine
Energies, Photovoltaics and Green and smart buildings. The last IRN under finale signature is
the French-Australian research network on Conversion and Energy Storage for stand-alone &maritime applications (FACES) which involves several CNRS labs, UNSW, University ofSouth Australia and Deakin University. The scientific program of this program is focusing in
two main research axes, namely electrochemical storage and hydrogen conversion. For theElectrochemical storage part, it is intended to design new electrode materials and electrolytes
for lithium-ion batteries to their upscale, taking into account the Australian local mining anddevelopment of new battery and supercapacitor chemistries for energy storage, and to work on
Prototyping, reliability, aging, management and safety tests. As for the hydrogen conversion
topic, the IRN will address the chemical hydrogen storage related to on-board hydrogenproduction, will study the reversible hydrogen storage aspect and End-use of hydrogen and fuelcells, and finally to set a plan for system integration which includes architecture, energy
management, design methodologies, etc.
As for nuclear, many international collaborations exist contributing to increase the safety ofcurrent reactors, to develop innovative reactors (SMR - "Small Modular Reactor", 4th
generation reactors) and knowledge in the field of storage and dismantling. These
collaborations are carried out with several countries (Russia, China, Japan, United States, ...),
as well as with many European Member States within the framework of the programs supportedby the European Commission. Last but not least, CNRS is involved in the international ITER
project to demonstrate the feasibility of using thermonuclear fusion in the longer term.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Mastering the energy mix by 2050 and beyond is an important international challenge that leads
to major research and specific equipment needs. The energy systems of the future, in whateverform, require large investments, major research and development (R & D) with a strong needfor dedicated research infrastructures. It also involves managing uncertainties (prices,geostrategic considerations, learning curves of different technologies, behaviour of actors, etc.)
to make the decisions that are the least costly in the long term.
In this context, CNRS will pursue its R&D activities in the field of clean and sustainable energy
by developing renewable energies (RES) and its storage, by mobilizing bio-sourced materials(for example wood in construction), by encouraging controlled and less polluting mobility, byoffering solutions for energy savings in all sectors, especially industry, buildings, transport, andby developing the circular economy, via ecodesign, reuse and recycling. Among the topics,
there is the development of new and efficient materials for energy for which many challenges
emerge (need for new generations of lighter, more insulating, more resistant materials, possibly
working in extreme conditions, to cover the needs of transport, building, storage and conversionof energy, etc.). storage of electricity in electrochemical form is an important axis of future
R&D at CNRS to examine the new technologies of high-performance batteries (stored energy
density, load / discharge cycles) and supercapacitors with opportunities for industrialization.

88

Other R & D topics related to storage will concern for example the production of hydrogen byelectrolysis but put in a broader perspective related to the multiple uses of hydrogen in several
sectors, and performing materials for thermal storage. The numerous existing international
collaborations in the different sectors of energy will be continued and strengthen and other areplanned (India on photovoltaics, Australia on solar energy…)
It should be noticed that the major scientific issues, and particularly for the energy sector, posethe challenge of having experimental means and research tools at the forefront of scientific andtechnological knowledge. Observation, measurement, storage and sharing of data imply large
instruments carrying technical capabilities beyond the existing and integrating interdisciplinary
porosity source of innovation. These tools are the conditions for future discoveries as well as
the product of the latest scientific and technological advances.
Antoine Petit, an exceptional grade university professor, was appointed Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of the CNRS on January 24, 2018. After earning a teaching degree and a PhD
in computer science from the Université Paris Diderot, he specialized in formal methods, mostly
based on transition systems, for the specification and verification of parallel systems in realtime. As for academic curricula, from 1984 to 2004, he served as an assistant professor at the
Université d'Orléans, a lecturer at the Université Paris-Sud and a professor at the ENS Cachan(near Paris) from 1994.
From 2001 to 2003, Antoine Petit was deputy director of the French Research Ministry's
Research Department, in charge of Mathematics and Information and Communication Sciences
and Technologies. In 2004, he was seconded to the CNRS, first as scientific director of theInformation and Communication Science and Technologies Department, before becominginter-regional director for South West France. In 2006, he joined the French National Institutefor Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (INRIA) as head of the Paris-Rocquencourt
research center. He was named Chairman and CEO of the INRIA in 2014, having been its
deputy CEO.
The existing very large infrastructures in the field of energy are five so far (ECCSEL, FR Solaris,
Sophira, Theorem and West), covering different themes and all are the "French nodes" of futureor existing European and international collaborations.
A. Petit is the Chairman and CEO of CNRS
A. Slaoui is Deputy Research Director, INSIS-CNRS and Coordinator of Research on Energy at
CNRS

89

Pr. Antoine PETIT,
Chairman and CEO
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , CNRS

90

Dr. Abdelilah SLAOUIDeputy Research Director
Head of Energy unit
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS
Abdelilah SLAOUI is presently Deputy Research Director in charge of Energy at the National
Scientific Research Centre, CNRS-HQ, in Paris.
He received his PhD in 1984 on laser crystallisation of implanted silicon at Laboratoire PHASE(CNRS) for optolecetronic devices. Thereafter, he continued his work on gas immersion laser
doping and oxidation of silicon, laser-induced ablation of materials and laser-induced
crystallisation of a-Si and a-SiGe. In 1989, he developed the activity based on lamp furnace
heating for processing of solar cells and transistors. In 1992, he joined the Oregon Graduate
Institute at Beaverton, Oregon, USA as a visiting scientist. His research interests include
MOSFET and TFT’s transistors as well as inorganic materials based solar cells. He served for
20 years as head of the photovoltaic group at PHASE, INESS and ICUBE institutes (CNRSlabs). He participated/coordinated about 15 National, 10 European and 6 International projects
on Energy in general and on photovoltaics in particular. He served as president of the European
Material Research Society. He chaired 6 international conferences and co-organized more than
12 international symposia dealing with materials for energy. He has authored or co-authoredmore than 260 papers and 10 chapters in specialized books.
Since 2017, he has been appointed as a deputy research director in charge of Energy at CNRS,
meaning managing all research activities on energy carried out in CNRS’ labs over France.
Since 2021, he is also coordinating the National Research Program on decarbonated hydrogen(PEPR-H2).
List of publications: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-2833

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The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Current Status and Perspectives of Clean Energy
Research Development and Innovation Activities in CEA
Dr. François LEGALLAND
CEO – CEA-LITEN Institute, France

1. Introduction
Global warming and climate change have become major threats for our society and make every
government to prioritize energy transition and to take another look at its political, economic,
industrial and technical choices. Tackling the issue might require a drastic reduction of fossil
fuels use and the development of a sustainable approach for energy production.
France, whose electricity production is already highly decarbonized thanks to massive nuclear
power generation, is firmly committed to such an energy transition approach.
With the Low Carbon National Strategy and the Multiannual Energy Plan adopted in April 2020,
France has set very ambitious targets, aiming to strongly reduce energy consumption in all
sectors and largely develop renewable energies. France is determined to achieve carbon
neutrality by 2050. This motivation to reduce energy consumption is particularly reinforced by
the current geopolitical context with tensions over Russian gas supplies, as well as by severe
climatic episodes (heat, drought) during the summer of 2022.
Moreover, French efforts for clean energy innovation are fully consistent with the European
Energy Strategy. France is for example actively involved in the European Battery Alliance andin the hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe.
The climate urgency and the uncertainty about gas supply are so high that all decarbonizedsolutions should be considered to replace fossil energies. In that respect, nuclear power andrenewable energies should not be opposed but jointly mobilized. It is the choice made by France
to continue on the nuclear path, while building a more balanced energy mix including a larger
share of renewable energy from 20% of the electricity mix today up to 40% in 2030.
Research & Development and disruptive innovations are essential to fulfil such objectives.
Therefore, France is implementing an ambitious roadmap for energy transition innovation. Last
year, within the frame of France’s recovery plan, the French Prime Minister announced massive
investments in future technologies including strong support for research. Public research bodies
such as CEA, CNRS and Universities are expected to work together with industry.
In that context, CEA has defined its R&D objectives for the next 5 years jointly with Frenchgovernment, fully aligned with the European and national strategies for supporting andaccelerating energy systems decarbonation.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
CEA is a public research agency, boasting €5.0 billion budget and 20,000 employees, involved

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in four major fields: defence and security, low-carbon energy transition, digital transformationand healthcare innovation.
To fulfil French energy transition objectives, the mandate of CEA has been confirmed towards
producing innovation activities in the field of low carbon energies. CEA develops an integrated
approach of energy. Electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources, combined with
deployments of energy storage and conversion systems and management of energy grids, cancontribute to the development of decarbonized electricity mixes, but also provide solutions forcarbon-free transport. Such an integrated approach will benefit from the rise of digitaltechnologies to ensure the real-time matching of supply and demand.
CEA R&D and innovation activities cover a large TRL scale from proof of concept tested in CEA
laboratories and analyzed operando in Large Scale Facilities together with national andinternational academic partners, up to real size demonstrators produced on pilot lines and tested
upon operation with industrial partners. For carrying out this ambitious approach, CEA builds
partnerships with both academic laboratories and industrial partners.
3. Specific research activities
High shares of variable renewable electricity will require new flexibility solutions to balance
demand and supply and thus ensure the stability of the grid. Various storage technologies are
currently studied with a special attention to batteries, thermal storage and power to gas
approaches including hydrogen. Convergence between electricity, gas and heat is strongly
investigated as well as digital interfaces. Increased management of the demand side is also
addressed for both individual consumers and industrials.
Storage technologies can be assessed by the quantity of energy stored, and by their charging anddischarging times. CEA is heavily involved in batteries research programs, for both transport andstationary applications, adapted to a few hours response, and to power to gas approaches, withmajor focus on hydrogen which is better suited for large capacities and longer-term storage. To
give a few examples, large R&D effort is dedicated to solid state battery towards reaching highenergy density, high power and high safety. Electric vehicles equipped with large batteries cancontribute to stabilize the electric system using vehicle-to-grid technology. Concerning hydrogen,
CEA is heavily involved in the development of high temperature steam electrolysis with thetarget of reaching a massive decarbonized and cost effective hydrogen production tool. CEA isalso developing and integrating PEMFC systems in various types of vehicles in order to combine
long ranges with zero emissions. To close carbon cycle, the conversion of CO2 into climate
neutral fuels or chemical such as methane or other high value chemical molecule such as
methanol also gets major attention from disruptive concepts up to large scale runningdemonstrations.
All these new technologies, developed for energy transition, are considered within a circular
economy approach, starting from eco-design, life cycle analysis, and sustainability criteria.
Major attention is given to recycling paths, to limitation or substitution of critical materials andto supporting processes with low energy consumption and limited materials waste such asadditive fabrication. In addition to recycling second life potentialities of components are alsostudied.
Related programs/projects conducted by the institute Development and scaling up of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis and CO2+Steam

93









co-electrolysis (2015-2026)
Development of a reversible Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis /Fuel cell system (r-SOC)
Hydrogen storage in hydrocarbon liquids
Development and integration of high compactness and low cost Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cells systems (PEMFC) for transportation with a special focus on heavytransportation systems. (2020-2030)
Research on high efficiency exchange-reactor design for producing various type of
biobased hydrocarbon molecules with thermal monitoring, reaction kinetics control andmodular scaling up (2020-2030)
High yield heterojunction PV cells and modules development / High yield tandem solar
cell development / Recycling of PV modules (2017-2030)
Development of next generation Li ion batteries & all solid-state batteries / Battery
recycling (2018-2026)
Development of new power electronics and new grid architecture to ensure grid stability(massive intermittent energy sources and lack of rotating machines) / Autoconsumption/ Grid flexibility and multi-vector grids / Real time simulation

4. International collaboration
CEA has established numerous international relationships in the field of renewable energy R&D.
Many of them are long lasting European collaborations that include joint research projects,
international workshop organizations and researcher exchanges. These are complemented by theregular contribution of CEA to various IEA tasks (especially on solar energy, hydrogen and fuelcells). International partnerships have also been established between CEA and several
governmental institutions for developing full size experimentations in the field of renewableenergies. In addition, CEA has also concluded several MoUs with overseas research institutes
for strengthening relationships with these international renowned partners and conducting jointly
research programs beneficial for both sides.
CEA is convinced that collaborations between G20 members in the field of clean energy
technology, and more specifically joint research programs on energy cutting-edge technologies
will constitute a major asset for implementing energy transition worldwide.
Under the umbrella of European Framework programs, CEA is actively involved in multilateralresearch projects concerning renewable energy and related topics such as hydrogen and circular
economy. In the last five years, CEA has coordinated and participated to about 150 projects incollaboration with main European Research and Technology Organization:







Main ongoing European H2020 programs coordinated by CEA: ASTRABAT - Strongly
improved, highly performant and safe all solid state batteries for electric vehicles (20202023)
INSTABAT - Sensing functionalities for smart battery cell chemistries (2023 – 2023)
MULTIPLHY - Multi megawatt high-temperature electrolyser for valorisation as energy
vector in energy intensive industry (2020- 2024)
FURTHER-FC - Towards a better understanding of charge, mass and heat transports in
new generation PEMFC MEA for automotive applications (2020-2024)
SHERLOCHK - Catalyst development for improved economic viability of LOHC
technology (2021-2023)
FRIENDSHIP - Solar Energy in Industrial Processes (2020–2024)

94

CEA is committed along European “Green Deal” strategy, relying on the 3 pillars of sustainable
development: environment, economy and social impact / societal issues. The European Green
deal encompasses proposals to “make the EU's climate, energy, transport and taxation policies
fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels”
Therefore, to broaden such ambition to the entire earth it is essential for all RTOs within the
RD20 framework to pave the way for efficient collaborations based on a shared vision ofchallenges & priorities. To build this joint vision the first prerequisite is to share the samelanguage to understand one another. In the short term, research institutes should define shared
metrics (on GES emissions measurement and carbon footprint assessment for instance) andshared criteria to qualify and quantify any local “carbon situation” based on life cycle, technoeconomic analysis and societal impact analysis. In addition, defining funding mechanisms
should be addressed to enhance and support efficiently broad international cooperation.
We need to use all possible means to limit climate change: renewable energies integration into
grids, electric mobility in various forms, all hydrogen-related technologies, efficient energy
management systems, etc. All these topics are covered by RTOs participating in the RD20 forum,
enabling collectively a global and mutual understanding of possible solutions or scenarios totackle climate change. Therefore, our priority is to define a joint vision and shared challenges &priorities based on mutually understood language and metrics.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Future challenges in clean energy technologies will essentially lie in their ability to massive
deployment in a sustainable way with economic relevance. A specific attention should be given
to source material needed for renewable energy infrastructures. In that respect, eco-conception
recycling methodologies and circular economy approaches should deserve major attention.
In addition, to increase the flexibility of energy grids and control high quality demand-response
services, technological and digital developments will be required jointly. Numerical interfaces
and digitalization of energy systems and grids will constitute a challenge for preparing the“smart cities” of tomorrow.
For such challenges, global approaches and international contributions could include
development of common benchmark protocols, definition of standards and characterization ofsustainable energy systems. International collaborations between international RTOs could bedone by specific mechanisms supported at national levels and should encourage researchers &students exchanges. Opening technological platforms could constitute one way to investigate,
and a particular effort could be directed to student and researchers training. It is crucial that our
young researchers could acquire a large and diverse experience on these topics. Being trainedin various RTOs for short term visits / courses could provide not only some additional scientificand technological knowledge, but also insights about different cultures and other environment
policies and strategies than those which are implemented in their country of origin.
Beyond technology development and policy strategy, at some point it might be interesting toconsider mixing societal approaches with the thinking process for new solutions. As underlinedin the introduction, carbon neutrality probably means drastic changes in our behaviors, which
need to be accepted to be effective. Our technological R&D programs will need to be designed
along a very global understanding of the issues to solve, taking into consideration societal stakes
as well as technology and industrial challenges.

95François Legalland began his career in 1997 at IBM (then ALTIS, a joint venture
between IBM and Infineon) after graduating from École Centrale de Lyon. First
Process Engineer and R&D project manager, he then became Engineering Service
Manager.
After spending two years in the field of telecommunications at Wavecom as Head of
the Test & Packaging division, he returned to ALTIS as Production Manager before
being promoted to Quality and Customer Relations Director then Director of the Test
Business Unit in 2008.
In 2011, François joined SOITEC as Vice-President of Electronics Operations andDirector of the Bernin site (38). He was notably in charge of the industrial strategy andits implementation as well as the performance management.
In 2014, he became Vice-President of Solar Operations still at SOITEC and Directorof the San Diego site in California.
It was in 2015 that François joined the world of research at CEA-Liten as Head of the
Photovoltaic Cells and Materials Department and Head of the "heterojunction"
program. Three years later, he joined the management team of CEA-Liten to be incharge of industrialization projects before being promoted to Operations Deputy
Director in 2019.
On November 1, 2020, François Legalland was appointed Director (CEO) of CEALiten.

96

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Production

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Hydrogen

Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA

Horizon Europe, French Local Institutions,
French ANR, Industrial partnerships (Genvia)

Development of a reversible Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis /Fuel cell system (r-SOC)

Proof of concept and evaluation of operation
conditions domain

Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA

Horizon Europe, French Local Institutions,
French ANR, Industrial partnerships (Sylfen)

Hydrogen storage in hydrocabon liquids

Feasability, proof of concept developement
life cycle and environmental impact analysis

Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA

Horizon Europe and French ANR

Development of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis

Transportation/Storage

Utilization

Development and integration of high compactness and low cost Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cells systems (PEMFC) for transportation with a special focus on either light or heavy transportation systems
2020 - 2030

CEA/France

CEA/France

CEA/France

CEA/France

CCUS

Developement of low cost fabrication processes,
research for reduction of Pt catalysts content (<10 or 30 g/100 kW for light or heavy
Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA
transportation), research for increasing PEMFC
lifetime (up to 8000 h or 30 000 h for light or
heavy transportation),

Research on high efficiency exchange-reactor design for producing various type of biobased hydrocarbon molecules with
Methanation and thermal monitoring, reaction kinetics control and modular scaling up
Increase reactions flexibility with relevant yields
Power to X
2020 - 2030

Co electrolysis

Development of high temperature CO2 + steam electrolysis

Renewable
EnergySolar PVHigh yield heterojunction PV cells and modules developement
High yield tandem solar cell developement
Recycling of PV modules

OthersBattery

2015 - 2030

Development of next generation Li ion batteries& all solid-state batteries
Battery recycling

2018 - 2026

Development of new power electronics and new grid architecture to ensure grid stability (massive intermittent energy
sources and lack of rotating machines)
Autoconsumption
Grid flexibility and multi-vector grids
2020 - 2030
Real time simultation

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships (Symbio)

Dr Thibault CANTAT / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ADEME, industrial
partnerships

Evaluation of high temperature co-electrolysis
potential for complementing methanation inindustrial processes

Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR

30% cell yield by 2030

Dr Stéphane GUILLEREZ / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships

Increase power, capacity and safety

Dr Thierry PRIEM / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships

Dr Philippe AZAIS / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships2017 - 2030

Grids, Energy
Smart Grids &Management
EMS
Systems

Partnership (if any)

Increase lifetime and robustness of SOE cells
stacks and systems (1 A/cm2 ; 0,7%/1000h)
Scaling up to100 MW capacity,

2015 - 2026

CEA/France

Lead person / Organization

Increase grid flexibility and robustness
Allow large renewable share in the mix

97

Related information

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Clean Energy Technologies at FraunhoferGesellschaft (Germany)

1. Introduction
In late 2010, Germany initiated the energy transition, in Germany known as “Energiewende”,
as a roadmap towards the transition to a low-carbon, nuclear-free economy, supplied mainly
by renewable energy sources. Germany's national climate targets aim at greenhouse gas
neutrality until 2045, making it one of only a few countries that have committed to the goal ofclimate neutrality before 2050 by national law. Thus, Germany’s goals are also more
ambitious than the overall targets of the European Union (EU) seeking climate neutrality by
2050, which serves as guideline for the EU member state’s legislation. The intermediateclimate targets for Germany include cutting carbon emissions by at least 65% until 2030 andby 88% until 2040 compared to 1990 levels. The large utilization of renewable energy sources
is regarded as a major key for achieving the targets of the “Energiewende”. Until 2038, oreven earlier, Germany plans to phase out coalbased energy generation. Nuclear phase out will
already take place by the end of 2022. Already more than 46% of Germany’s electricity
consumption was covered by renewable sources in 2020, making the legally binding goal of
65% by 2030 look achievable. In regard to overall gross final energy consumption, Germany
is targeting a share of 30% renewables by 2030. Increasing energy efficiency is also seen as
an essential enabler towards the goals in regard to renewable energy and greenhouse gas
neutrality. Therefore, energy efficiency is a major topic for R&D and technology
development in Germany, especially targeting industrial applications, housing, construction
and mobility. With the National Hydrogen Strategy, Germany will also massively support theacceleration of “green” hydrogen technologies. “Green” hydrogen from renewable sources
can serve as important pillar for achieving the “Energiewende” since it is a multi-purpose
energy carrier that can be used in fuel cells, as basis for low carbon or carbon-neutral
synthetic fuels, as coalsubstitute in steelmaking, as storage medium for renewable energies
and grid load balancing and it is an essential element for sector coupling and power-to-X
applications, thus opening up new paths to decarbonization.
Fraunhofer is strongly active in all R&D areas contributing to carbon-reduction, renewableenergy resources, hydrogen utilization, electrification of industries and mobility as well as
energy efficiency.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality“Energy transition Energiewende accomplished” is one of the five impact goals in which
Fraunhofer aims to significantly contribute to major social and cross-sectoral solutions inregard to global grand challenges. Nearly all Fraunhofer institutes are engaged in R&D totackle climate change: from intelligent renewable energy systems and new materials toresource efficiency and “green” information technologies.
Fraunhofer has established seven Fraunhofer Strategic Research Fields (FSF) that are
forming the core focus of our research portfolio for contributing to sustainable value creation
and addressing the needs and markets that will shape our future. Two of our FSF directly
address clean energy and carbon neutrality: the FSF “Resource Efficiency and Climate
Technologies” and the FSF “Hydrogen Technologies”.

98Within “Climate Technologies”, especially the Fraunhofer Energy Alliance isactive in all important fields around sustainable energy technologies. 20 Fraunhofer Institutes
are part of the Energy Alliance working on R&D that includes, among others, thedigitalization of the energy system, renewable energy sources, energy systems analyses andenergy storage technologies as well as energy efficiency technologies and components forbuildings, districts and cities.
Another future initiative in this area is the Research Fab Battery Cells (FBB). With fundingof 700 million Euro from the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the goal of the FBB isto ensure Germany’s competitiveness in the efficient production of state-of-the-art and novel
battery technologies, e.g. by transfering new battery concepts (<TRL5) into series production(TRL6, TRL7). The Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems (CINES)
brings together the competencies of the institutes dealing with applied energy research andaddresses the central technological and economic challenges of the “Energiewende”. The goalis the system and market integration of high shares of volatile renewable energies into theenergy grid. Some of the central R&D topics involve a comprehensive, cross-sectoral energy
system analyses, digital modelling for the system integration of new technologies anddecisive advances in electrolysis.
The FSF “Hydrogen Technologies” bundles Fraunhofer R&D competences for establishinga successful hydrogen economy in Germany that is also in the interest of policy and industry.
Besides its utilization in fuel cells, e.g., for mobility or heating applications, one promisingarea for hydrogen use lies in the decarbonization of production chains, especially in industries
that generate high amounts of carbon emissions, e.g. steelmaking.
But only the generation of hydrogen from renewable sources, i.e., green hydrogen, is the solereal viable solution for climate neutrality. Thus, green hydrogen production and respective
electrolysis technologies, including emerging technologies like Photo Electro-Catalytic (PEC)
Water Splitting, form R&D focus areas for Fraunhofer. In analogy to the mass production ofbatteries, the low cost mass production of fuels cell systems, fuel cell components andassemblage is also a featured goal within this FSF.
3. Specific research activities
The following depict some of the state-of-the-art clean energy technology R&D activities
conducted at Fraunhofer:• Battery technologies:
Electrical energy storage systems and batteries, regardless of their application, must
often fulfill a very broad, sometimes contradictory range of requirements, including
the consideration of parameters like costs, energy and power density, cycle stability,
temperature range, safety and operational reliability. All these areas are covered byvarious Fraunhofer institutes.
o Fraunhofer has a Battery Alliance with 20 of its institutes as members.
o Research Fab Battery Cells: Research and manufacturing infrastructure toenable industry to produce battery cells economically and ecologicallyo Battery cells based on new cathodes, electrolytes and anodes as well as higher
energy density using silicon anodeso Novel electrode materials, electrolytes and other cell components as well as
methods for their production and processing up to pilot plant scaleo Lithium-sulfur batterieso Magnesium sulfide rechargeable battery for energy storage99

o Battery recycling, life cycle and durability optimization and material recovery(e.g. lithium, cobalt and copper)o Safety testing, assessment and optimization
Related programs/projects conducted by institutes
o Systemic modelling for lifetime prediction of high energy lithium ion
batteries(Fraunhofer IFAM; 01.07.2020 - 30.06.2025)
Test system for the evaluation of battery electrodes with regard to structuraland electrical properties (Fraunhofer IWS; 01.07.2020 - 30.06.2023)
o Formation of metal clusters in carbon materials - Safe anodes for cycle-stablebattery cells with high energy density (Fraunhofer ICT; 01.01.2019 31.12.2022)•

HydrogenHydrogen Technologies is one of the seven Fraunhofer Strategic Research Fields(FSF) with several initiatives that bundle Fraunhofer R&D competences in relatedareas. Fraunhofer expertise includes materials and systems and their production anduse in the energy sector, in industry and in mobility as well as in interdisciplinary
topics such as security and service life.
o The Hydrogen Network consisting of members of 28 Fraunhofer institutes,
was founded to streamline the information exchange and cooperation among
the Fraunhofer institutes related to hydrogen R&D and technologies.
o National Fuel Cell Production Action Plano Green hydrogen production from renewables (especially solar and windenergy), with a special focus on electrolysis technologies and optimizationo Cost effective mass production of fuel cells and componentso Photo Electro-Catalytic (PEC) Water Splittingo Direct reduction of iron ore to iron through hydrogen; hydrogen utilization ascoal substitute for industrial processeso Bio-inspired new catalysts for PEM electrolyzers based on pentlanditeso Hydrogen fueling stationso Hydrogen infrastructure and safety assessmentso Ammonia production
Related programs/projects conducted by instituteso Novel, large-area tandem PEC modules with double Schottky junction forhydrogen production (Fraunhofer IKTS, IST IMWS; 01.01.2020 31.12.2022)
o Development of highly productive and cost-efficient roll-to-roll (R2R)
manufacturing methods for fuel cell stack components. (Fraunhofer IWU,
IPT, ISE, IWS; IKTS01.01.2020 - 31.12.2022)
o High-temperature electrolysis with SOE stacks (Fraunhofer IKTS; 2020 +)o high-temperature ammonia-powered fuel cell for shipping (Fraunhofer IMM;
2021 – 2023)
o POWERPASTE is an ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage substance for
PEM fuel cell applications invented and developed by Fraunhofer IFAM
(2021)o H2D focuses on four main areas: the overall systemic view, the production ofhydrogen by electrolysis, a secure infrastructure and technologies fortransport, storage, distribution and application, and H2DIGITAL - the modelbased mapping of key components. (Fraunhofer IEG, ICT, IEG, IFAM, IFF,

100

o
o
o
o

o

o
o

o

•

IGB, IKTS,IIS,IMM, IMW, IMWS, IPM, IPT, ISE, ISI, IST, ITWM, IWES,
IWM, IWS, IWU, IZFP, LBF, SCAI, UMSICHT; 2020 – 2024)
High-speed drive for fuel cell air compressors in commercial vehicle andaviation applications (Fraunhofer IISB, LBF, SCAI, IFAM; 01.02.2021 31.01.2024)
Development of a weldable PEM fuel cell with sheet-based bipolar plate forcommercial vehicles. (Fraunhofer UMSICHT; 01.07.2020 - 30.06.2023)
Platform economy in the H2 application context (Fraunhofer IMW, IAO, IIS,
ISST, IOSB-INA, IOSB-AST, IEE, IWES; 1.8.2020 - 1.2.2021)
StoRelH2 – Storage / Release H2: efficient and cost-effective hydrogenstorage and transport with liquid organic hydrogen carriers (01/2021-12/2023,
BMBF, ISE, Yeda Research and Development (technology transfer of the
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel))
Prometheus – New Concept of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Stack for Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (01/2021-12/2024, ISE,
Hoeller Electrolyzer GmbH; Element 22 GmbH; iChemAnalytics GmbH,
Aalberts Surface Treatment GmbH)NAMOSYN – Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels (04/2019-03/2022,
BMBF, 37 project partners from industry (e.g. BMW, BP, Clariant), large
research institutions, universities and Fraunhofer institutes (ISE, ICT))
Reference-factory.H2 – electrolyzer and fuel cell production oft he future:providing design for guidance and a modular system based on new andspecifically optimized technologies for the economically viable (and costlowering) production of electrolyzers and fuel cells (IWU, IPT, ENAS, IPA,
2022 - X)
Fraunhofer hydrogen labs (Leuna, Goerlitz, Bremerhaven): current
development of a digitally cross-linked infrastructure with state-of-the-art
capacities for testing and qualification of electrolyzer- and fuel cell systems in
the range of 27MW. Goal: bundling Fraunhofer hydrogen activities innorthern and eastern Germany to accelerate the necessary market scale up ofhydrogen technologies; digital connections across the whole process (fromCO2-neutral power generation with on- and offshore wind turbines tooptimization of electrolysis and manufacturing of electrolysers and finallystorage and transport of green hydrogen) (IWE, IWU, IMWS, CBP)

Renewable energy (PV)PV energy generation is an important topic for Germany and Fraunhofer R&D,
especially for the successful achievement of the “Energiewende”. Many Fraunhofer
institutes are contributing their respective R&D in many related areas, e.g. materials,(power) electronics and energy management. The Fraunhofer ISE is the largest solar
research institute in Europe, which focuses on materials, components, systems andprocesses. Fraunhofer ISE has also achieved several efficiency world records withvarious types of solar cells.
o Efficiency record of 68.9% for GaAs thin Fflm photovoltaic cell under Laserlight (Fraunhofer ISE, 2021)
o Fraunhofer ISE achieves 35.9% efficiency for III-V triple-junction solar cellbased on silicon (Fraunhofer ISE, 2021)
o Silicon Photovoltaics, III-V and Concentrator Photovoltaics, Emerging PV
Technologies and PV Modules and Power Plants.
o Floating-PV-plants

101

o
o
o
o
o
o

•

•

PV and thermal solar power plants
Smart grid technologies
Solar-based hydrogen production
Flexible / bendable solar panels
Integration of solar panels into windows and building facades
Manufacturing processes for solar technologies (PV and thermal)

Related programs/projects conducted by institutes
o Materials for sustainable tandem solar cells with highest conversion efficiency(Fraunhofer ISE, IMWS, ISC, IST, IWKS, IWM; 01.10.2019 - 30.09.2023)
o Novel, large-area tandem PEC modules with double Schottky junction forhydrogen production (Fraunhofer IKTS, IST, IMWS; 01.01.2020 31.12.2022)
Wind energy: e.g. Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES; Projects:
o Adler: development of an optimized LiDAR measuring device with a newverification concept for determining wind resources (Federal ministry BMWK,
InnovateUK, 03/2019-09/2022)
o AFLOWT: development of a floating offshore platform, which will be
developed and tested in an offshore trial at Ireland´s west coast. Goal:
demonstrate that the structure is survivable in a deep-water environment andalso cost-effective (Interreg North West Europe, 10/2018-12/2022)
o BladeFactory: development and test of production methods to reduce theproduction time for rotor blades. Parallelization of productions steps.
Additionally: test of 3D laser measurement system suitable for assuring qualityof blade production (10/2018-12/2022)
o Dy-Rex: development of control strategies for the load management of rolling
bearings in order to prevent damage to bearings through optimized operating
situations (02/2021-05/2023)
o HAPT2: identification of technical requirements on roller bearings for use as
rotor blade bearings in multi-megawatt wind turbines (07/2021-06/2024)
o H2Mare – offshore technology (BMBF, project partner: Siemens Energy(lead), 35 project partners, Fraunhofer Institutes: ICT, IMWS, IWM, IWU,
IWES): direct production of green hydrogen from wind energy in offshore
turbines without grid connection can lower the costs considerably comparedwith onshore generation (04/2021-03/2025)
Geothermal systems/Renewable heat sources: e.g. Fraunhofer Research Institution for
Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems IEG. Projects:o FernWP – District and heat supply by heat pumps as a replacement for coal
combustion (10/2021-09/2025, IEG, ISE, ISI, Johnson Controls, AGFW,GESMEX, Stadtwerke Cottbus)o GeoDRILL – novel and cost-effective drilling technology for geothermal
systems (04/2019-09/2022, extended to 07/2023; IEG, TWI Limited,
Commissariat à l´energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Flowphys AS,
Geolorn Limited, Gerosion EHF, Graphenea SA, Haskoli Islands, Jardboranir
HF, PVI – Precision varionic international limited, Rina consulting,technovative solutions LTD)o Heatstore: development of underground high-temperature heat storage facility
in combination with a heat pump for the integration into existing district
heating infrastructures (07/2018-05/2021, delta-h (Heatstore), Ruhr-Universität
Bochum (DGE), Geologischer Dienst NRW (DGE), DMT GmbH & Co KG(DGE), Unique Wärme GmbH & Co KG)

102

o Optidrill: innovative drilling advisory system based on a combination ofenhanced monitoring systems, multiple data-driven ML modules (IEG,
Geolorn, Gel, BGS-UKRI, BESTEC, TVS, RDE, PVI, EnBW, WG, ON)•

CCUS
CO2 utilization is of larger interest in the German context than only carbon storage.
This especially concerns solutions for the decarbonization of energy-intensive highemission industries like steelmaking, but also technologies for using CO2 for the
production of base chemicals, e.g., for syn-fuels, plastics or fertilizers.
o Related programs/projects conducted by institutes“Carbon2Chem” researches the use of steel mill gases for the production ofbase chemicals (Fraunhofer UMSICHT, ISE; 2016 – 2025)
SALCOS®: Decarbonizing the steel industry with hydrogen (Fraunhofer
IKTS, UMSICHT, ISI; 2015 – 20XX)
o Material utilization of CO2 for isocyanate-free polyurethanes. Tailor-madematerial properties for broad application (Fraunhofer IAP, UMSICHT, ICT,
IFAM; 01.03.2021 – 29.02.2024)•

Others: Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is regarded as key enabler for achieving carbon neutrality and the“Energiewende”. Therefore this is also a R&D topic prominently featured at
Fraunhofer, with special attention to industrial and manufacturing processes, ICT, IoT/ Industrie 4.0 applications, energy efficient Artificial Intelligence and improvements
for the building and construction sector.
Related programs/projects conducted by institutes
o The Fraunhofer lighthouse project “ZEPOWEL” is developing extremely
energyefficient and modular hardware for IoT applications, e. g., with
communication modules designed to be 1000 times more efficient thanexisting standard solutions. (Fraunhofer IZM, IAF, EMFT, ISIT, IISB, IPMS,
EAS, ESK, IIS; 2017 – 2021)
o Development of a wide-band current sensor with high dynamics for energy
efficient power switching by utilizing cost-effective silicon technology with
piezoelectric AlScN layering and combining powerful magnetostrictive
detection principles with a high frequency SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave)eesonator. (Fraunhofer ISIT, IAF; 2019 – 2022)
o A novel technology solution for racetrack memory scaling of ultra-dense andenergyefficient data storage based on the electromagnetic principle withnanostructured magnetic tunnel barriers for write and read elements.
(Fraunhofer IPMS in cooperation with Max Planck Gesellschaft; 2020 – 2022)
o ODH@Jülich: data-based methods for the development of a digital planningand simulation tool for energy supply in neighborhoods (2020-2025, BMBF,
Partners: IEG, IESE, UMSICHT, FIT, IOSB)o EnerPortII – construction of the largest European carbon-neutral containerterminal using a smart microgrid, fuel cells, hydrogen motors, battery-storage,
modular structure (12/2021 – 11/2025, UMSICHT, Port of Duisburg, Netze
Duisburg GmbH, Rolls-Royce Solutions GmbH (Friedrichshafen), Stadtwerke
Duisburg AG, Stadtwerke Duisburg Energie-handel GmbH, Westenergie
Netzservice GmbH)103

4. International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
In the area of climate, energy and hydrogen technologies, Fraunhofer has MoU agreementswith the following international institutions: Green School, Korea University KUGS, Korea,
H2Korea – Hydrogen Convergence Alliance, Korea, National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL), USA, POSCO, RIST Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology,
Korea, THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL –CONICET, Argentinien, University of Alberta, University of Capetown UCT, South Africa
and other forms of collaboration agreements with: AIST, Japan, Australian National
University ANU, University of new South Wales UNSW, Australia, CEA, Insti-tut LITEN,
France, Jeonnam Information & Culture Industry Promotion Agency u.a., Korea, Netherlands
Foun-dation of Scientific Research Institutes (AMOLF), TNO, Netherlands, University ofBirmingham, UK, University of Bologna, Italia, University of Stellenbosch SU, South Africa
In the area of battery technologies, UKBIC (UK Battery Industrialisation Centre) and the
Fraunhofer Research Institution for Battery Cell Production FFB signed an MoU for
intensified collaboration (May 4th, 2022).
4-2 Issues /themes for promoting international collaboration
Climate change, decarbonization and the wide-spread use of renewable energy technologies
is a topic that affects all countries and requires international collaboration.
Fraunhofer R&D related to energy, carbon neutrality and hydrogen technologies is closely
embedded in activities of member states of the European Union.
Also solar-intensive regions in south Europe, Africa and Middle Eastern countries belong topreferred regions for projects and collaboration, especially in the context of solar energy.
Due to its high maturity in the area of hydrogen technology as well as renewable energy
generation, Japan is of special interest for R&D collaboration in regard to state-of-the-art
solutions and emerging technologies.
Fraunhofer-ISE, AIST and NREL have co-organized a series of “the Gigaton Hydrogen
Workshop” and “the Terawatt Workshop” under the tri-lateral MOU. These workshops
provide opportunities to discuss global issues from a technological perspective well as torecognize the necessity of cross border initiatives toward solving the aforementioned global
issues. Based on our extensive collaboration experience, we can identify various impact
factors that foster the cooperation potential with partners. The first impact factor is theexcellence of an R&D institution, in complementary technological fields as well as humanresources, to enable mutual learning and identify interlinks for the sufficient use of capacities
and to handle similar challenges, such as the need for green hydrogen or to form jointlaboratories while maintaining the same infrastructure and researchers. But the goals cannot
be accomplished without integrating industry partners. Therefore, it might be an idea to bringinternational industry players into the RD20 format. A highly efficient tool for boosting
international cooperation in this respect are joint research initiatives within so-called “2+2programms” between 2 countries. Herein, from each country, a research institution and an
industry player join forces to promote common cross-border research.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Germany aims to become climate neutral having a share of at least 80% renewables in grosselectricity consumption even before 2050. Besides technological innovations in areas likerenewable energy generation, grid optimization, energy efficiency, hydrogen utilization and104

innovative energy storage, also social and economic efforts are necessary that allow
sustainable growth and prosperity.
Researchers from the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence "Integrated Energy Systems"(CINES) have derived 13 theses based on three energy system models implementing a
concept of carbon neutral energy system for Germany:
1. Renewable energies will be the most important source of energy for the power,
heat, and transportation sectors.
2. Additional potential can be found in biomass, solar thermal energy andgeothermal energy.
3. Efficient energy use covers the final energy demand.
4. Electricity demand for heat (buildings, industry), mobility and for chemical
processes will increase in the long term.
5. Volatile electricity dominates the system.
6. The protection against rare cold dark periods can be achieved cost-efficient withadditional power plant capacities.
7. Digitization is highly relevant for the successful transformation of the energy
System (concept of twin transition digital/energy)
8. In the heat supply sector, fundamental infrastructure decisions with regional andlocal relevance has to be made.
9. Sector coupling plays an important role for achieving the climate goals.
10. A harmonized European development has advantages in terms of utilizing thebest locations.
11. The electrolysis of hydrogen from renewable electricity plays an important role inachieving the climate goals.
12. The capture of CO2 from air can be an important technology for achieving theclimate goals.
13. Research and development are the backbone of the energy transition.

105

P R OF . D R . -I N G .
R E I M UN D N E UG E B A UE R
President of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

B I OG R A P HY

■ 1992 Director of Machine Tools and Automation

Born June 27, 1953 in the municipality of Esperstedt inThuringia, Germany

Technology at the Fraunhofer Institution for Forming
Technology and Machine Tools, the predecessor of■ Since 2012 President of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e.V.

Fraunhofer IWU■ 2010 – 2011 President of the German Academic■ 1991 Award of the academic degree of Doktor-Ingenieur

Society Production Engineering (WGP)

habilitatus; commissioned by the Fraunhofer
Executive Board to establish the Fraunhofer Research■ 2010 Initiator and spokesperson of the Fraunhofer

Institution for Forming Technology and Machine Tools

AutoMOBILE Production Alliance■ 1990 Executive Director at the Institute of Machine■ 2003 – 2006 Dean of the Faculty of MechanicalTools, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD)

Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology■ 1989 University Lecturer, Machine Tools and Tool Design,■ 2000 Founding President of Industrieverein Sachsen

TUD

1828 e. V., an association of approximately 130■ 1989 Doctorate in technical sciences (Dr. sc. techn.),companies (representing 15 billion euros in sales; 50,000
employees); Founder and Managing Director of the

TUD: “Development of flexible sheet metal molding

Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes

systems“(IWP), TU Chemnitz■ 1985 Employed in the field of design and development■ 1998 Initiator and Dean of Studies, Microtechnology/

by the company Kombinat Umformtechnik, Erfurt, rising

Mechatronics program, TU Chemnitz

to a senior position■ 1995 Full Professor and Department Chair of Machine■ 1984 Doctorate in engineering (Dr.-Ing.), TUD: “Com-Tools and Forming Technology, TU Chemnitz, while also

puter-assisted preparation of finite element calculation

serving as Director of the Fraunhofer Institute formodels for machine tool structures“Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU■ 1975 Degree in mechanical engineering (Dipl.-Ing.), TUD;

■ 1994 – 2012 Executive Director of Fraunhofer IWU

focus on machine tool design© Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e. V.

106Stand: Juni 2022

P R OF . D R . -I N G . R E I M UN D N E UG E B A UE R
PRESIDENT OF THE FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT

A WA R D S / HO N O R S ( S E L E C TI O N )M E M B E R S H I P S ( S E L E C TI O N )▪ Since 2022 Member of the German Chancellor’s Future▪ Since 2021 Chair of the University Council of Chemnitz

Council

University of Technology (TU Chemnitz)▪ 2022 International Brückepreis of the European City

▪ Since 2020 Member of the Supervisory Board of Charité

Görlitz/Zgorzelec▪ Since 2019 Member of the Innovationsbeirat Sachsen▪ 2021 Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Repub-(Innovation Advisory Council Saxony)lic of Hungary▪ Since 2017 Member of the Steering Committee of the▪ 2019 Honorary doctorate awarded by Michigan State

Plattform Lernende Systeme – a platform for AI andUniversity (MSU), USA

machine learning▪ 2018 Honorary doctorate awarded by Budapest Univer-▪ Since 2016 Member of the Executive Board of Plattform

sity of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary

Industrie 4.0▪ 2016 Honorary doctorate awarded by KU Leuven,▪ Since 2015 Member of the Senate of the Deutsche Na-

Belgiumtionalstiftung (German National Foundation)▪ 2015 Honorary doctorate awarded by the Wrocław▪ Since 2015 Member of the European Defence Agency’s

University of Science and Technology, Poland

High-level Group of Personalities on Defence Research▪ 2015 Honorary doctorate awarded by the University of▪ 2015 to 2021 Co-chair of the German federal govern-

Naples Federico II, Italy

ment’s High-Tech Forum▪ 2014 Erich Siebel Medal, bestowed by the European▪ Since 2014 Member of the Steering Committee of the

Research Association for Sheet Metal Working (EFB)

Innovation Dialogue between the German federal
government, science, industry and society, initiated by▪ 2014 Honorary doctorate awarded by the Czech

Chancellor Angela Merkel

Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czechia▪ 2014 Elected to the German National Academy of▪ 2013 Honorary doctorate awarded by Stellenbosch

Sciences Leopoldina

University, South Africa▪ Since 2011 Member of the supervisory board of Dörries▪ 2012 Honorary doctorate awarded by the Technical

Scharmann Technologie GmbH, a Starrag AG company

University of Munich (TUM), Germany▪ Since 2005 Fellow of the International Academy for▪ 2012 Order of Merit of the German State of Saxony

Production Engineering (CIRP)(Sächsischer Verdienstorden)▪ Since 1998 Member of acatech – National Academy of▪ 2012 Prize of Honor awarded by Initiative Südwest-

Science and Engineering in Germany

sachsen e. V., in the Science, Art and Culture category▪ Since 1998 Member of the German Academic Society▪ 2011 Medal of honor presented by Chemnitz University

for Production Engineering (WGP)of Technology (TU Chemnitz), Germany▪ 2007 Honorary doctorate awarded by Brno University ofTechnology, Czechia▪ 2005 Officer‘s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal
Republic of Germany▪ 2003 Professor Hýbl Medal bestowed by CTU in Prague,
Czechia▪ 2000 Education and Innovation Award bestowed by theGerman research association for automation and microelectronics DFAM

▪ Since 2021 Member of the advisory board of theTurkish-German University Consortium (K-TDU) e.V.
© Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e. V.

107Stand: Juni 2022

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft(Germany)
https://www.map.fraunhofer.de/fsk/

Research Fab Battery Cells
2019 - 20XX

Battery cell production

Current

2019 - 20XX

Li-Ion battery
Performance andlifetime assessment

Systemic modelling for lifetime prediction of high energy lithium ion batteries.01.07.2020 - 30.06.2025
Current

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

The Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the state government of North RhineWestphalia are jointly sponsoring the project "Research Fab Battery Cells" (also known as
the "FFB Project", shorthand for Forschungsfertigung Batteriezelle), which aims to provide
industrial manufacturers with a central research infrastructure and, ultimately, to help them Fraunhofer IPT
create economically efficient and ecologically sustainable battery cell production lines. The
project has been designed to accelerate the processes of innovating and commercializing
production technologies for existing and future battery cell formats.

Partnership (if any)

Fraunhofer Institutes: ICT, IFAM, IFF, IGCV,IKTS, IPA, ISE, ISI, ISIT;
Institute for Production Engineering of E-Mobility https://www.forschungsfertigun
gComponents (PEM) at the RWTH University atbatteriezelle.fraunhofer.de/en/pr
Aachen and the Münster Electrochemical Energy oject.html
Technology (MEET) Research Center of Münster’s WWU University.

Assessing the possibility to predict both battery performance and cycle life from cell
Fraunhofer IFAM
properties alone, i.e., without first knowing the chemistry of the individual cell. The goal of Prof. Fabio La Mantia, IFAM
this project is to predict the lifetime of next-generation high-energy LIBs based on a modelwith limited knowledge of the cell itself.

2020 - 2025
Current

Battery

Test system for the evaluation of battery electrodes with regard to structural and electrical properties
01.07.2020 - 30.06.2023
Current

Battery electrodes(research and testing)2020 - 2023

Demonstrator as prototype tester that can determine the following parameters:a) porosity of the electrodesb) Tortuosity of the electrode pore systemc) Accessible inner surface of the electrodesd) Transverse conductivity of the electrodes

Fraunhofer IWS
Holger Althues, IWS

Formation of metal clusters in carbon materials - Safe anodes for cycle-stable battery cells with high energy density
01.01.2019 - 31.12.2022

Carbon materials forbattery cells

Fraunhofer Institutes IWS, ICT
Prof. Dr. Jens Tübke, ICT

Current

2019 - 2022

Multilayer Ceramic Embedding of SiC Semiconductor Devices
01.03.2019 - 28.02.2022

SiC
semiconductors

Current

2019 - 2022

Alternative technologies with nanowire (NW) bumps (instead of conventionally deposited Cu bumps) for fine-pitchinterconnects at die/wafer level.
01.01.2021 31.12.2022
Power electronics /Semiconductors

Nanowires forwafer
interconnects

Current

2021 - 2022
Technology and methodology platform for the realization of highly integrated, extremely energy-efficient modules for the"Internet of Things" (IoT)
01.10.2017 - 30.09.2021

Energy efficient
IoT
Current

2017 - 2021

The new concept makes it possible for the first time to exploit the intrinsic advantages of
SiC semiconductors in high thermal stability and high switching frequencies.
The drastic size reduction of the SiC semiconductor area holds the potential for significant
cost reductions, thus eliminating a major competitive disadvantage of SiC devices
Fraunhofer IISB
compared to silicon technologies and significantly increasing the market potential for
Andreas Schletz, IISB
industrial applications. Due to its advantages both in functional properties, durability andcost reduction in manufacturing, the module concept represents a disruptive development
step compared to the state of the art.

In this project, the goal is to develop an alternative technology using nanowire (NW)bumps (instead of conventionally deposited Cu bumps) for die/wafer level fine pitchinterconnects.
In this project, the goal is to develop an alternative technology using nanowire (NW)bumps (instead of conventionally deposited Cu bumps) for die/wafer level fine pitchinterconnects.

108

Fraunhofer Institutes: IWM; IKTS; IMWS

Fraunhofer IZM
Iuliana Panchenko, IZM-ASSID

The module developed in the project is expected to be 1000 times more efficient thanexisting standard radio solutions. The receiver responds only to authorized andcryptographically secured signals that are actually relevant for it. In this way, the sensor
node can remain in standby mode with minimal power consumption and be activated
immediately by the WakeUp receiver as necessary.
Fraunhofer-Institutes: IAF; EMFT;
Whereas today’s sensors can deliver 5000 measurements at a power of 1250 microwatts ISIT; IISB; IPMS; EAS; ESK; IIS
per second, the developed sensor is expected to deliver twice as many readings per
second with a power of less than 10 microwatts.
to harvest 100 microwatts of power from its environment, it only needs a quarter of thearea, namely 5-by-5 square millimeters

Related information

https://www.izm.fraunhofer.de/en/news_ev
ents/tech_news/fraunhofer-solvesnetworked-sensors-energy-problems.html

Institute/Country

Theme

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft(Germany)
https://www.map.fraunhofer.de/fsk/

Sub Theme
Photo ElectroCatalytic (PEC) Water
SplittingRelated programs(with short summary)Novel, large-area tandem PEC modules with double Schottky junction for hydrogen production
01.01.2020 - 31.12.2022

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

2020 - 2022
Development of highly productive and cost-efficient R2R manufacturing methods for fuel cell stack components.
01.01.2020 - 31.12.2022

Production

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Demonstrator based on direct photocatalytic water splitting Fraunhofer IKTS
with at least 1 m2 of active surface, which is economically Dr. Michael Arnold, IKTS
superior to the combination of photovoltaic systems andelectrolyzers, taking into account life cycle costs and life
cycle assessment.

Fraunhofer Institutes: IST; IMWS

https://www.ikts.fraunhofer.de/de/abtei
lungen/elektronik_mikrosystem_biomedizi
ntechnik/hybride_mikrosysteme/funktio
nswerkstoffe_hybride_mikrosysteme/neo-pec_innovative_wasserstofftechnologie.html

Development of highly productive processes for the
Fraunhofer IWU
manufacture of the individual main components required for Sören Scheffler, IWU
a fuel cell stack.
Specifically, these include coated stainless steel sheets assemi-finished products for bipolar plate production, theformed and welded bipolar plate (BPP) and the membraneelectrode assembly (MEA). The project is developing
processes for their mass-production and cost-efficient
production.

Fraunhofer Institutes: IPT; ISE; IWS; IKTS

https://www.iwu.fraunhofer.de/de/press
e-undmedien/presseinformationen/PM_2020_
Bipolarplatte.html

Roll-to-roll (R2R) coating of the membrane electrodeassembly (MEA); Bipolar plate (BPP) made of 0.05 to 0.1
mm thin stainless steel foil
New forming concepts for hollow embossing rolling andparallel production; Continuous joining; Enables highproduction quantities;
Reduction of manufacturing costs: MEA: -20%, BPP: -50

Fuel cell mass
production

Current

2020 - 2022

High-temperature electrolysis with SOE stacks(2020 - 20XX)

High-temperature electrolysis has many advantages. In
Fraunhofer IKTS
contrast with established alkaline or PEM electrolyzers, it
Dr.-Ing. habil. Matthias Jahn, IKTS
does not require noble metal components. Integrating hightemperature electrolysis in processes where a lot of waste
heat is produced – as in steel production – efficiency can bequite significantly increased compared to competing
technologies. Additionally, high-temperature electrolysis
enables the direct production of syngas.

Current

High-temperatureelectrolysis
2020 - 20XX

https://www.ikts.fraunhofer.de/en/indus
trial_solutions/hydrogen_technologies/el
ectrolysis.html

National Fuel Cell Production Action Plan
(German: Nationaler Aktionsplan Brennstoffzellen-Produktion)

Current

Fuel cell production

2020 - 20XX

The development of technological solutions for highly
scalable fuel cell production is intended to enable an annual
output of 220000 fuel cell stacks. This is accompanied by a
Fraunhofer IWU
cost reduction from currently 1000 EUR/kW to 100 EUR/kW
Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Beyer
through implementation of novel solutions aiming at 32
EUR/kW (corresponding to comparable costs of
conventional propulsion) through economies of scale.

20 Fraunhofer-Institutes
A comprehensive research infrastructure for thetargeted development of production and testing
https://www.rokhy.de/processes for fuel cells is being set up in fiveclusters.
https://www.rokhy.de/de/cluster.html

Develop a new type of cell stack for PEM water electrolysis,able to work in an extended operating window (operation at Fraunhofer ISE
elevated temperatures up to 120°C and pressures up to 80 Dr. Sebastian Metz
bar)

Hoeller Electrolyzer GmbH (coordinator),
Element 22 GmbH; iChemAnalytics GmbH;
Aalberts Surface Treatment GmbHNew concept of a proton exchange membrane electrolysis stack for elevated temperatures and pressures

Proton Exchange
MembraneElectrolysis

Current

2021- 2024

109

Prometheus – New Concept of a Proton
Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Stackfor Elevated Temperatures andPressures- Fraunhofer ISE

high-temperature ammonia-powered fuel cell for shipping
small prototype by the end of 2021, to be followed by anactual-size prototype by the end of 2022. In the second halfof 2023, the first ship with an ammonia-powered fuel cell
Fraunhofer IMM
will put out to sea - the Viking Energy, a supply vessel
Dr. rer. nat. Stefan Kiesewalter, IMM
owned by the Norwegian shipping company Eidesvik. After
that, other types of vessels, such as cargo ships, will beequipped with ammonia-powered fuel cells.

Current

2021 - 2023

POWERPASTE is an ultra-high capacity hydrogen storage substance for PEM fuel cell applications invented anddeveloped by Fraunhofer IFAM.
TransportationHydrogen storage/Storagehttps://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2021/march2021/worlds-first-hightemperatureammonia-powered-fuel-cell-forshipping.html

Technical characteristics:
Fraunhofer IFAM
Dr. rer. nat. Marcus Vogt, IFAM
10 kg POWERPASTE = 1 kg hydrogenSpecific energy: 1600 Wh/kg
Energy density: 1900 Wh/liter (after conversion)
10 times capacity of Li-ion batteries
Advantages in range 100 W to 10 kW
Application: emergency power, drones, medical devices etc.

Current

https://www.ifam.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ifam/de/documents/dd/Infobl%C3%A4tter/POWERPASTE_energy_storage_
solution_fraunhofer_ifam_dresden.pdf

2021

Storage/Release

StoRelH2 - Storage/Release H2: efficient and cost-effective hydrogen storage and transport with liquid organic hydrogen Development of a new liquid organic hydrogen carrier
Fraunhofer ISE
carriers(LOHC) technology which offers safe, efficient, costDr. rer. nat. Monika Bosilj (ISE),
Current
effective and easy to handly hydrogen transport andRobert Szolak (ISE)storage. Focus: reduce the energy input (>25%) needed for
H2 uptake and release and demonstrate the potential for
reducing the H2 supply costs

Yeda Research and Development (Technology
transfer of the Weizmann Institute of Science
Israel)https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/
research-projects/storelh2.html

2021 - 2023
Current

Hydrigeninfrastructure andtransport

H2 D focuses on four main areas: the overall systemic view, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis, a secure
infrastructure and technologies for transport, storage, distribution and application, and H2DIGITAL - the model-based
mapping of key components.
2020 - 2024
Current

The project addresses all of the key elements of developing Fraunhofer IEG
a hydrogen economy in four focus areas: these include the Prof. Dr. Mario Ragwitz
Director of Fraunhofer IEG
production of hydrogen using electrolysis (focus 2) and asecure infrastructure and safe technologies (focus 3) for its
transport, storage, distribution and use. There are many
areas of application of hydrogen.

Fraunhofer Institutes: ICT, IEG, IFAM, IFF, IGB, https://www.ieg.fraunhofer.de/en/refere
IKTS,IIS,IMM, IMW, IMWS, IPM, IPT, ISE, ISI, nces/h2-d.html
IST, ITWM, IWES, IWM, IWS, IWU, IZFP, LBF,
SCAI, UMSICHT

Using new thermally conductive functional plastics andFraunhofer IISB
process-integrated cooling structures, temperature-sensitive Dr. Bernd Eckardt, IISB
regions of the motor (e.g. on the stator) are selectively
cooled and at the same time are lightweight and corrosionresistant. In addition, the rotor is made capable for high rpm
by further developing and prototyping innovative
combinations of bonding and casting processes for magnet
fixation.
The results are validated and demonstrated on a high-speed
motor prototype (speeds up to 150,000 rpm, thermally
critical rotor due to high electrical frequencies) for fuel cellturbocompressors.

Fraunhofer Institutes: LBF; SCAI; IFAM

Tests from ISe have determined that a fuel with a very small Fraunhofer ISE
carbon footprint can be produced via a Power-to-Liquid
Dr. Ouda Salem (ISE), Dr. Achim(PtL) pathway if the hydrogen generated from water
Schaadt (ISE)electrolysis is produced from renewable energy and usedwith carbon dioxide to yield oxymethylene ethers (OME3-5).
Developing processes for producing upt ot multiple millions
of tons of OMEs per year. Use and compatibility of these
OMEs with a combustion engine, bot hin a laboratory
setting and in the real world. Overarching assessment ofthese fuels, including ecological (life cycle asesessment,
LCA) and social aspects.

37 project partners from industry, large researchorganisationz, universities and Fraunhofer
institutes

2020 - 2024
High-speed drive for fuel cell air compressors in commercial vehicle and aviation applications
01.02.2021 - 31.01.2024

Propulsion for fuel cell
drive
Current

2021 - 2024
NAMOSYN - Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels

Sustainable Mobility

Current

Utilization
2019- 2022

110

NAMOSYN – Sustainable Mobility with
Synthetic Fuels - Fraunhofer ISE

Development of a weldable PEM fuel cell with sheet-based bipolar plate for commercial vehicles.
01.07.2020 - 30.06.2023
Fuel cell mass
prodution for vehicles

The objective of FoBiPEM is to develop a materially welded Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Michael Joemann, UMSICHT
NT-PEM FC with novel flexible plastic compound bipolar
plates for commercial vehicles. The development in
FoBiPEM includes 1) new material development, fabricationand characterization of unstructured bipolar half-plates, 3)
flow-field development and 4) structuring of the bipolar halfplates, 5) joining of the formed BPP, 6) fabrication ofsuitable, weldable catalyst membrane assemblies (MEA),
and 7) the stack design/sealing concept, and 8) the
Fraunhofer IMW

Current

2020 - 2023
Platform economy in the H2 application context
1.8.2020 - 1.2.2021

Project R&D focus:
Development of a digital platform for operational
data from wind energy generator and electrolyzer(“Energy Data Space”)
Pilot application for anomaly detection andpredictive maintenance of wind energy based
electrolyzer

Digitalization for
hydrigen generation

Assessment and formulation of chances andrequirements for a H2 based platform economy

Current

Development of Roadmaps and use cases.

2020 - 2021
Current

111

Fraunhofer Institutes: IAO, IIS, ISST, IOSB-INA,IOSB-AST, IEE, IWES

Institute/Country
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft(Germany)
https://www.map.fraunh
ofer.de/fsk/

Theme

Sub Theme
H2Mare - Offshore Technology

Wind energy

Related programs(with short summary)Current

offshore technology

2021- 2024
Adler: Development of an optimized LiDAR measuring device with a new verification concept
for determining wind resources
Current

Meauring
2019-2022

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Integration of the electrolyzer into the offshore wind turbine; nogrid connection needed, which saves time and expenses;
production of P-to-X products, which can be stored compressed;
process development high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) andseawater electrolysis; coupling of processes: redeploy the waste
heat from the electrolysis efficiently to desalinate seawater

Fraunhofer IWES
Dr. Klaus Litty (IWES)

Partnership (if any)
Siemens Energy (lead) , 35 project partners, Fraunhofer
Institutes: ICT, IMWS, IWM, IWU, IWES

Related information
https://www.iwes.fraunhofer.de/en/research-projects/currentprojects/h2mare---offshore-technology.html

Development of a cost-optimized wind LiDAR
device, which is specifically designed to meet wind measurement
Fraunhofer IWES
requirements. Approaches: laboratory and field tests as well as the
Dr. Julia Gottschallcalibration of individual LiDAR line-of-sight measurements in placeof the final, reconstructed, horizontal wind speed

Fraunhofer Center for Applied Photonics (CAP),
https://www.iwes.fraunhofer.de/en/research-projects/currentGEO-Net Umweltconsulting GmbH, Wideblue Ltd, Oldbaum
projects/adler.html
Services

Exploring scientifically the possibilities and limits forthe usage of large roller bearings in wind turbines and develop
corresponding test methods

Leibniz Univesity Hannover, Institute for Machine
Construction Technology (IMKT); Nordex GmbH;thyssenkrupp rothe erdeHighly Accelerted Pitch Bearing Test 2: roller bearings as pitch bearing
Current

Turbines
2021- 2024

112

Fraunhofer IWES
M. Sc. Matthis Graßmann

HAPT2 (fraunhofer.de)Institute/Country
FraunhoferGesellschaft(Germany)
https://www.map.fr
aunhofer.de/fsk/

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
FernWP - District and heat supply by heat pumps as a replacement for coal
combustion

Target / Goal Outcome

Adress the technical and economic barriers that
Fraunhofer IEG
currently still impede the widespread use of largeAnja Hanßke
scale heat pumps. Provide answers to importantquestions arising when integrating GWP () into district
and process heat supply.

Current

GeothermalenergyLead person / Organization

Heat supply

Partnership (if any)
ISE, ISI, Johnson Controls, AGFW GESMEX,
Stadtwerke Cottbus

Related information
https://www.ieg.fraunhofer.de/de/referenzprojekte/fernwp.html

2021- 2025
GeoDRILL: Development of novel and cost-effective drilling technology for Geothermal
Systems; optimising technology for geothermal extraction
Drilling
technologies
2019-2022

Heatstore: development of an underground high-temperature heat storage facility in
combination with a heat pump for the integration into existing district heating
infrastructure in the Ruhr region
Heat storage
2018-2021

Reduce drilling costs of geothermal plants throughdown-the-hole (DTH) hammer technology, improved Fraunhofer IEG
drilling monitoring through low-cost and robust 3DDr.-Ing. Volker Wittig (IEG); Philipp
printed sensors and increased component lifetime
Schroer (IEG)
through advanced materials and coatings

TWI LIMITED (coordinator), Commissariat à l´é
nergie atomique et aux energies alternatives;
Flowphys AS, Geolorn Limited, Gerosion EHF,
https://www.ieg.fraunhofer.de/en/references/geo-drill.html
Graphenea SA; Haskoli Islands, Jardboranir HF,
PVI - Precision Varionic International Limited, Rina
Consulting

Development of an underground high-temperatureC
heat storage facility in combination with an hat heatu
pump for the integration into existing district heatingr

infrastructures in the Ruhr region. The data obtained
Fraunhofer IEG
will be used for further development of deep
Florian Hahn (IEG)
underground heat storage facilities in the Ruhr region.
Concept idea: store seasonal excess heat within themine buildin in summer and use it for CO2-neutral
heat supply in the winter

113

Delta-h, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Geologischer
Dienst NRW, DMT GmbH & Co KG, Unique Wärme https://www.ieg.fraunhofer.de/en/references/heatstore.html
GmbH & Co KG

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft(Germany)
https://www.map.fraunhofer.de/fsk/
Photovoltaics GaAs Thin Film
Photovoltaic/ Devices
Cell

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Efficiency record of 68.9% for GaAs thin film photovoltaic cell under laser light(28.06.2021)

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

2021
Current

Fraunhofer ISE achieves 35.9% efficiency for III-V triple-junction solar cell based on silicon(23.04.2021)
Current

III-V triplejunction solar
cell

2021

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

At the 48th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference,researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy
Systems ISE recently presented how they were able toachieve a record conversion efficiency of 68.9% with a
Fraunhofer ISE
photovoltaic cell under monochromatic laser light. For this, Dr. Henning Helmers
the research team used a very thin photovoltaic cell madeof gallium arsenide and applied a highly reflective,
conductive mirror on the backside.

https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/pressreleases/2021/recordefficiency-68-9-percent-forgaas-thin-film-photovoltaiccell.html

The new monolithic triple-junction solar cell – or more
specifically, a III-V//Si tandem solar cell – converts 35.9 %of sunlight into electrical energy. This value measured
under the terrestrial AM1.5g spectrum, sets a new world
record and demonstrates the potential of silicon-based
Fraunhofer ISE
tandem photovoltaics. In the new record-breaking cell, the Dr. Frank Dimroth
III-V semiconductor layers are connected directly to thesilicon sub-cell on the atomic level. From the outside, therecord cell resembles a two-terminal conventional solar
cell.

https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/presse-undmedien/presseinformationen/20
21/tandem-photovoltaikermoeglicht-hoehenfluege-beiwirkungsgraden-35komma9prozent-fuer-iii-v-siliciumsolarzelle.html

Materials for sustainable tandem solar cells with highest conversion efficiency
01.10.2019 - 30.09.2023

Tandem solar
cell (matreial
R&D)

The innovative approach of treating absorbers and contact
layers collectively makes it possible to utilize interfacial
effects in a targeted manner for targeted functionalities. At Fraunhofer ISE
the end of the project, robustness and high efficiencies will Dr. Andreas Bettbe demonstrated at the module level, and the necessary
material combinations and manufacturing processes.

Current

2019 - 2023

Photo Electro-Catalytic Water Splitting (PEC)
Photocatalytic layer modules use sunlight to convert
water directly into H2 and O2 - without detour via
electricity.
Advantages:
No consumption of limited renewable electricity
Utilization is freely scalable and decentralized
Transparent and conductive contacts for tandem solar
cellsHigh quality semiconductor absorbers
Goal: 1 m² demonstrator with highly improved efficiency(status quo: 0,4 %)Novel, large-area tandem PEC modules with double Schottky junction for hydrogen production
01.01.2020 31.12.2022

Photo ElectroCatalytic
Water Splitting
Current

2020 - 2023

114

Fraunhofer IKTS
Dr. Michael Arnold, IKTS

Fraunhofer Institutes: IMWS; ISC; IST; IWKS;
IWM

https://manitu.fraunhofer.de/Fraunhofer Institute: IST; IMWS

https://www.ikts.fraunhofer.de/
en/departments/electronics_mi
crosystems_biomedicine/hybrid_
micro_systems/functional_materi
als_for_hybrid_microsystems/Ne
opec_innovative_hydrogen_technol
ogy.html

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Germany
https://www.map.fraunhofer.de/fsk/

Carbon utilization
for basechemicalproduction

Related programs(with short summary)“Carbon2Chem” researches the use of steel mill gases for the production of base chemicals
2016 - 2025

Target / Goal Outcome

The Carbon2Chem project is conducting
research into how metallurgical gases from steel
production can be turned into valuableintermediates for fuels, plastics or fertilizers.
Carbon2Chem aims to utilize 20 million metrictons of the steel industry's annual German CO2emissions in an economically viable way. The
second phase of Carbon2Chem will validate the Fraunhofer UMSICHT
processes for large-scale industrial application Dr.-Ing. Torsten Müller
and thus establish the basis for low-emission
processes.

Current

2016 - 2025

The second phase, "Synthesis gas" will focus
intensively on the composition, purification andtreatment of metallurgical gases at thethyssenkrupp plant in Duisburg / Germany

SALCOS®: Decarbonizing the Steel Industry with Hydrogen2015 --> 20XX
Carbonutilization

Direct reductionof iron ore to ironthroughhydrogen

SALCOS®: Replacing coal by “Green Hydrogen“and natural gas for the metallurgical reduction ofiron ore CO2-emission avoidance strategy forthe steel industry. First-of-a-kind implementationof proven technology. Technology integration
Fraunhofer-Institutes IKTS,
into existing steel mills. Replacement of carbon
UMSICHT, ISI
with “Green Hydrogen”
Dr. Ing. habil. Matthias Jahn, IKTS

Current

2015 - 20XX

Partnership (if any)

Current

The aim of the project is to produce isocyanatefree polyurethanes (NIPU = non-isocyanate
polyurethanes) based on carbon dioxide (CO2)for the first time and to demonstrate their use as
tubing material, foam and adhesive. The project
thus uniquely combines the material use of the
Fraunhofer IAP
greenhouse gas CO2 with the long-demanded
Dr. Christoph Herfurth, IAP
replacement of harmful isocyanates in the
production of polyurethanes (PU).
PUs are the fourth largest class of engineering
polymers with an extremely wide range ofapplications.

Current

2021 - 2024

Current

115

Related information

Fraunhofer ISE, Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Clariant Produkte(Deutschland) GmbH, Covestro Deutschland AG,
Evonik Industries AG, Evonik Resource
Efficiency GmbH, Linde AG, Nouryon Industrial https://www.umsicht.fraunhofer.
de/de/presseChemicals GmbH, Remondis SE & Co. KG,
medien/pressemitteilungen/202
Rheinkalk GmbH (Lhoist Germany), RWTH
0/carbon2chem-phase2.html
Aachen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB),
Siemens AG, Siemens Gas and Power GmbH &Co. KG, Thyssen Vermögensverwaltung GmbH,thyssenkrupp AG.

Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH, Salzgitter
Mannesmann Forschung GmbHDr. Ing. habil. Matthias Jahn, IKTS

Reduction of CO2 emissions up to 85% possible
Complete electrification of the steel production in
the Salzgitter steelworks by 2050

Material utilization of CO2 for isocyanate-free polyurethanes. Tailor-made material properties for broad application.
01.03.2021 - 29.02.2024
CO2 utilization
for isocyanatefree
polyurethanespro
ductionLead person / Organization

Fraunhofer Institutes: UMSICHT; ICT; IFAM

https://salcos.salzgitterag.com/

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022

Activity Summary
Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling

Fraunhofer ISE –Division Hydrogen Technologies
1. Introduction
Fraunhofer ISE, with a staff of like 1400, is the largest solar research institute in Europe. The
Institute creates the technological foundations for supplying energy efficiently and on anenvironmentally sound basis in industrialized, threshold and developing countries. Fraunhofer
ISE conducts application- oriented research and development for key technologies of the
future. To this purpose, the Institute addresses a wide range of subjects and pursues a holistic,
systemic approach. Its business areas extend from Photovoltaics, Energy-Efficient Buildings,
Hydrogen Technologies and Electrical Energy Storage, Solar Thermal Power Plants andIndustrial Processes, and Power Electronics to Grids and Smart Systems. These Business
Areas offer the potential to contribute to the expansion of renewable energy, targeted by the“Energiewende” which is a roadmap towards the transition to a low-carbon, nuclear- freeeconomy, supplied by renewable energy sources. The energy supply structure in Germany isundergoing a comprehensive transformation process towards ambitious renewable energy
and climate policy goals:
•
•
•
•
•

2023: Shutdown of the last nuclear power plant2030: 65% reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions compared to 1990
2038: Shutdown of the last coal-power plant
2040: 88% reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions compared to 1990
2045: Greenhouse-gas neutrality

Regarding the definition of clean energy, Fraunhofer is orienting itself on the rationale of theGerman government. “Clean energy are energy forms that do not harm the environment,
especially in regard to greenhouse-gases and other harmful emissions (e.g. radioactive
material). The vision of Fraunhofer is to shape the transformation towards an economically,
environmentally friendly, secure and socially accepted energy supply for electricity, heat andmobility.
Fraunhofer ISE also sees the opportunity in supporting several SDGs of the Agenda 2030,
e.g. goal 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy”, goal 13 “Climate Action”, goal 17 “Partnerships
for the Goals”, and more. The Institute’s division “Hydrogen Technologies” with its
departments “Fuel Cell Systems”, “Sustainable Synthesis Products”, and “Chemical Energy
Storage” enqueues in this context.
Fraunhofer is strongly active in all R&D areas contributing to carbon-reduction, renewableenergy resources, hydrogen utilization, electrification of industries and mobility as well as
energy efficiency.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Fraunhofer ISE conducts application-oriented research and development for key
technologies of the future. Materials, components, systems and processes are developed infive business areas:

116

•
•
•
•
•

Photovoltaics
Energy efficient buildings
Hydrogen technologies and electrical energy storage
Solar thermal power plants and industrial processes
Power electronics, grids and smart systems

In addition to its R&D, the institute offers testing and certification procedures.
Furthermore, it features an excellent laboratory infrastructure and is certified
according to the German quality management standard DIN EN ISO 9001:2015.
The “Hydrogen Technologies” division of Fraunhofer ISE undertakes research across theentire Hydrogen value chain from the production to conversion to further thermochemical
processing and finally bring it to application with respect to hydrogen production, theInstitute’s focus lies on the polymer-electrolyte membrane electrolysis (PEM). This
involves characterization of electrolysis from single cell to the complete system. The PEM
technology is also applied to develop fuel cell systems, particularly for the mobility sector.
Here, experts develop the production of membrane electrode unit and set focus on modeling.
Based on thermo-chemical processes, liquid fuels and chemicals are synthesized fromhydrogen and carbon dioxide (power-to-liquids). In the “Center for Fuel Cells, Electrolysis
and Synthetic Fuels”, components and sub-systems for hydrogen technology are tested andcharacterized with scientifically based methods for applications in the fields of PEM
electrolysis, PEM fuel cells (particularly for automotive applications), Power-to-Gas (PtG),
Power-to-Liquid (PtL) and Power-to-Chemicals (PtC). In addition, the division “Hydrogen
Technologies” conduct life cycle analyses (LCA) to determine the greenhouse gas
potentials of the complete hydrogen value chain and calculate the costs of hydrogenproducts via techno-economic assessment (TEA). Overall, hydrogen technologies andmarket trends are continuously analyzed, and research is adapted accordingly.
3. Other Specific research activities
Fraunhofer ISE has defined four strategic key topics beside Hydrogen Technologies:••

Tandem Photovoltaics – The Road to Higher Conversion Efficiencies:o The research aim is to increase the energy conversion efficiency ofphotovoltaics and bring down the costs. Tandem photovoltaics hold great
promise for achieving these goals and is among the fastest-developing solar
technologies today. The high efficiency of tandem solar cells allows for moreenergy output per surface area, thus creating potential savings in solar celland module materials – an important aspect in regard to the sustainability ofphotovoltaics.
o The wide-ranging in-house expertise in this area enables Fraunhofer ISE
to offer research services on all aspects of the technology and provide
customers with comprehensive expert solutions. Research in tandem
photovoltaics include: Solar cell development, production technology,
module technology as well as characterization and calibration.
Integrated Photovoltaics – Areas for the Energy Transformation:o Integrating PV technology into building envelopes, vehicles and roads, aswell as over agricultural fields and floating on water surfaces, capitalizes on
surface areas with a tremendous potential for generating solar power. In

117

•

•

Germany, building integrated solar technologies and agri-photovoltaics alone
offer a combined technical potential of several hundred gigawatts of power.
Integrated PV also creates synergies with other aspects, for instance byincreasing the range of electric vehicles or improving noise protection on
roads and railways. Generating solar power close to the consumer or directly
onboard vehicles also reduces reliance on the power grid.
o Fraunhofer is working on highly efficient photovoltaic technologies,
application optimized cell and module designs, production technology anddigital processes. This is supplemented by the development of the necessary
power electronics and analyses for potential, costs and profitability.
Heat Pumps – A Key Technology for the Energy Transition:o Heat pumps will be the dominant heating technology in the future energy
system. Scientific studies have shown they will play a key role in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector.
o Fraunhofer ISE is working to advance heat pump technology by optimizing
materials, components, and devices. For example, the ecological balance ofheat pumps is improved by reducing refrigerant charge and using natural orsynthetic low-GWP refrigerants. Additionally, the control and sensor
technology and safety concepts are optimized. Since the heat pump of the
future should be able to optimize itself using artificial intelligence,technologies are developed that enable the heat pump to automatically adapt
to building performance and user behavior.
Stationary Battery Storage – Necessary for a further expansion of renewable energies:o Stationary battery storage can be used for intermediate storage of renewableenergy, smoothing of load peaks, stabilization of the power grid and reduce
needed grid expansion. A large demand for stationary battery storage is
expected in Germany and internationally.
o Fraunhofer ISE focuses on battery technology, grid integration andapplication as well as test procedures and quality assurance. This issupplemented by market, system and ecological analyses.

Programs and projects conducted by Hydrogen division:
The department of Thermochemical Processes focuses on the topics Power-to-Liquids,
Sustainable Catalytic Materials, Sustainability Assessment, and Process Development.
A list of representative research projects follows below:••••

PICASO – Novel power-to-ammonia process for sustainable ammonia synthesis(2022-2025)
Carbon2Chem – Methanol Synthesis from Steel Mill Gases (2020-2024)
StoRelH2 – Storage / Release H2 - Efficient and cost-effective hydrogen storage andtransport with liquid organic hydrogen carriers (2021 – 2023)
NAMOSYN – Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels (2019 – 2022)

Researchers of the Fuel Cell Systems department work on the Characterization ofComponents, Cells and Stacks, on the Characterization of Systems and Peripheral
Components, on the Development of Stacks and Systems, on Production Research for Fuel
Cells, and on Modelling and Simulation Performed on the Microscale up to the System118

Level.
•••HyFab-BW - Research Factory for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (2019-2023)
FC-Cat - Fuel Cell CFD and Through-Plane Modeling 01/2016 - 11/2021
FC-Rat - Fuel Cell Realistic Aging Trend Modelling 01/2016 - 11/2021

The fields of work within the research topic Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis are
the Characterization of Materials and Components, the Development of PEM Water
Electrolysis Systems, Power to Gas, and Hydrogen Infrastructure.
••••

WESpe – Technical and Economic System Analysis for Power-to-gas Systems (2013 –2017)
Prometheus – New Concept of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Stack for
Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (2021 – 2024)
CINES – Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems (2019 – 2023)
H2Carsharing – Testing of FCEV in car sharing (2022– 2023) The following is a list of selected, more recent
research projects:•••

QIWY - Quality assurance for the industrialization of water electrolysis (2022-2026)
SAFARI - Production and testing of sustainably produced kerosene (Sustainable
Aviation Fuel, SAF) from methanol (2022-2025)
R2MEA - Upscaling and cost reduction of fuel cell production (2022-2025)

4. International collaboration
4.1. Status of international collaboration

The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft cooperates with legally independent Fraunhofer affiliates in
Europe, North and South America, India, Japan, and Singapore. Representative Offices andSenior Advisors worldwide form a bridge between the local markets and the Fraunhofer
Institutes Their activities are focused on marketing and business expansion. The Fraunhofer
Brussels office serves as a platform for dialog with European policy makers, with theadditional functions of issuing public/official statements and providing information services.
Fraunhofer holds Memoranda of Understanding with a broad range of research institutes,
companies, and organizations around the world.
Selected international collaborations of Fraunhofer ISE:••

Global Alliance for Solar Energy Institutes (GA-SERI): Together with AIST and the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL (USA), Fraunhofer is member of the
GASERI. It is an international group of scientific experts, which since 2016
discusses challenges related to the use of photovoltaics and other key technologies
such as hydrogen to achieve global climate goals.
Fraunhofer Innovation Platform for the Water-Energy-Food Nexus at Stellenbosch
University: Stellenbosch University and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft have stablisheda Fraunhofer Innovation Platform as part of a strategic partnership. The objective of
this long-term cooperation is to jointly develop tailored technological and crosssectoral solutions for water, energy, and food security – for the benefit of people andthe environment.

119

•

•

Fraunhofer Chile Research – Centro para Tecnologías en Energía Solar(FCRCSET), Santiago, Chile: Research in the field of solar generation ofelectricity, thermal solar energy, water purification and process heat.
Among other memberships, Fraunhofer is a member of the European Research
Alliance (EERA), the European Technology and Innovation platform (ETIP)
and the Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centers(EUREC)

Selected international collaborations of Fraunhofer ISE - Division Hydrogen -through Prof. Dr.
Christopher Hebling:
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Honorary professor at the University of Cape Town
Working Group Leader ‘Systems und Processes’ HySupply (GermanAustralian Study of Hydrogen Technologies, acatech, BDI)
Co-chair of the advisory board of NOW (National Organization for Hydrogen and Fuel
Cells)
Delegate on behalf of Germany in the Executive Committee of the Technology
Collaboration Program (TCP) for the Generation and Utilization of Hydrogen of theInternational Energy Agency, IEA
Scientific Advisory Board Member of Sasol, energy and chemical company, South
AfricaMember of the Expert Committee of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs
and Climate Action for the Transformation of the Automobile Industry
Vice Chair of the Board of the National Organization Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, NOW
Board member and previous Vice president of the German Hydrogen and
Fuel Cell Association, DWV
Spokesperson of the Fraunhofer Society for Network Hydrogen (36 Fraunhofer
Institutes)
Board Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems
Member of the Energy Systems of The Future, ESYS working group on Hydrogen
Economy 2030 – Transport Vectors for Green Hydrogen.
Member of the annual Jury meeting for the Green Tech Festival and Awards (since2007)

4.2. Issues/ themes for promoting international collaboration

AIST, NREL and Fraunhofer ISE co-organized a series of “the Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop”
and “the Terawatt Workshop” under the tri-lateral MOU. These workshops provide
opportunities to discuss global issues from a technological perspective well as to recognize
the necessity of cross border initiatives toward solving the a forementioned global issues.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In addition to the topics mentioned in chapter 3, hydrogen technologies play a central role in
the transformation of energy systems. These will become even more important as progress
towards climate neutrality continues, especially for applications that are difficult to electrify.
Additionally, hydrogen technologies offer solutions for the import of climate-neutral energy
and seasonal storage.

120

Curriculum Vitae – Christopher Hebling
Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling studied physics at the University of Freiburg and graduated in
1992. In his dissertation he worked on the simulation, realization, and characterization of
crystalline silicon thin film solar cells on insulating substrates. He received his doctorate
with “Summa Cum Laude” Award in 1998 from the Department of Physics at the Universityof Konstanz. Christopher Hebling worked in the field of photovoltaics for like ten years
before becoming head of the hydrogen technologies department at the Fraunhofer Institutefor Solar Energy Systems, with a staff of like 150 scientists, engineers, and students today.
He is spokesman for the Fraunhofer Society’s Hydrogen Network (36 member institutes) andboard member of the German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association. In 2019, he wasappointed honorary professor at the University of Cape Town.
Christopher Hebling is co-chair of the advisory board of NOW, the National Organizationfor Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. For Germany, he is a member of the Executive Committee of
the Technology Collaboration Program for Research and Development on the Production
and Utilization of Hydrogen (TCP) of the International Energy Agency.

121

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme
Research Fab Battery Cells [2019-2023]

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Energy Storage

Battery

Implementation of new battery cell concepts andthe development of advanced production
processes.

2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

122

Lead person / Organization
Prof. Dr. Jens Tübke
Fraunhofer ICT;
Dr. Daniel Biro
Fraunhofer ISE

Partnership (if any)
University of Münster;
FWTH Aachen University;
10 Fraunhofer Institutes;

Related information
https://www.forschungsfertigun
gbatteriezelle.fraunhofer.de/en.ht
mlInstitute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Fraunhofer Research Cluster Integrated Energy systems CINES

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Others

Cross-cutting topic

2019- 2023 (R&D span)

Lead person / Organization

This cluster addresses central technologicalProf. Dr. Hans-Martin Henningeconomic challenges of the energy revolution.
Fraunhofer ISE
This includes comprehensive, cross-sectoralenergy system analyses, digital solution models
for the system integration of new technologies
and decisive advances in electrolysis. Science
communication research is an additional focus of
the cluster.

123

Partnership (if any)
Fraunhofer ISE;
Fraunhofer IEE;
Fraunhofer ISI;
Fraunhofer IEG;

Related information
https://www.cines.fraunhofer.de/Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
AtaMoS-TeC: Photovoltaic Technologies for Harsh Conditions

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Solar Energy

PV

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

2017 - 2025 (R&D span)

Related programs(with short summary)
50Percent - Monolithic III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells with More than 50% Efficiency under Concentrated Irradiation
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Solar EnergyPV2020 - 2023 (R&D span)

Lead person / Organization

Develop photovoltaic technologies that adapt to Sophia Köhler
the exceptional conditions of the Atacama Desert Fraunhofer Chile Research(high radiaton; high average hours of sunshine, anarid climate; skies almost cloudless; low ambient
temperature). Energy cost will be reduced to atarget of 25 US$/MWh by the year 2025

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

The primary goal of the 50Percent project is to
Dr. Oliver Höhn
produce the first multi-junction solar cell with an Fraunhofer ISE
efficiency value of 50% and a concentrator modulewith 40% efficiency. The project also seeks todevelop measuring technology so that the cells
can be measured in accordance withinternationally recognized calibration standards.
The project aims to impressively demonstrate
German PV research excellence

124

Partnership (if any)
SERC Chile (Solar Energy Research Center)

Partnership (if any)

Related information
https://www.fraunhofer.cl/en/pr
ess/news/cset-news/atamostec-starts-construction-forapplied-research-outdoor.html

Related information
https://www.fraunhofer.ise.de/en/research-projects/50percent.html

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme
Kopernikus project Ariadne

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Others

Policy2020 - 2023 (R&D span)

Lead person / Organization

The aim of the project is to better understand the Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin Henning
impact of various policy instruments in order
Fraunhofer ISE
develop socially sustainable energy systemtransformation strategies. From the very
beginning, political decision-makers, business
representatives and citizens will be involved
through a large-scale dialogue process. Here,
Fraunhofer collaborates with many other R&D
institutes; the project is managed by the Potsdam
Institute for Climate Impact Research

125

Partnership (if any)

Related information
https://www.kopernikusprojekte.de/en/projects/ariadne

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme
Carbon2Chem

Fraunhofer ISE CO2 Reduction Steel Production

Target / Goal Outcome

The Carbon2Chem project explores how smelter gases from stel production can be used to create valuable primary products forfuels, plastics, or fertilizers. The Carbon2Chem approach is expected to make 20 million tons of the German steel industry's annual
CO2 emissions economically exploitable in future. This represents 10 percent of the annual CO2 emissions from German industrial
processes and the manufacturing industry. [2016-2024] Current

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Pilot plant for demonstrating the integration ofDr.-Ing. Torsten Müller
Fraunhofer UMSICHT
technology modules into a cross-industry
network with the smelter. Production of hydrogen Max HadrichFraunhofer ISE
by means of water electrolysis using volatilerenewable energies.

thyssenkrupp AG;
https://www.umsicht.fraunhofer.
BASF;
de/en/lines-ofMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy research/carbon-cycle.html
Conversion;
Other partners from research andindustry;

The goal of the project is to develop sustainable Dr. Ouda Salem
fuel synthesis processes for diesel and gasoline Fraunhofer ISE
engines and test them under real conditions in
combustion engines.

37 project partners: industrial companies, https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/researchmajor research institutions, universities
projects/namosyn.html
and Fraunhofer Institutes

Phase 2: 2020 - 2024 (R&D span)

NAMOSYN - Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Synthetic Fuels

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

HyFab-BW - HyFab-Baden-Württemberg:

Related programs(with short summary)

Research Factory for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Part 2

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Fuel Cells

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Part 2 2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

Related programs(with short summary)
FC-RAT - Fuel Cell Realistic Aging Trend Modelling
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Fuel Cells
2020 - 2024 (R&D span)

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
OREO ELECTROLYSIS & FUEL CELLS - Overall Research on Electrode Coating Processes
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

PEM-Electrolysis
PEM-Fuel Cells

Lead person / Organization

The "HyFab-BW" project is intended to create an Dr.-Ing. Matthias Klingele
open, flexible platform for companies in the plant Fraunhofer ISE
engineering, automotive and supplier industries
in which technologies for component production
and component qualification can be researched
and tested with regard to the fuel cell membraneelectrode assembly.

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

The shift to fuel cells in heavy-duty transport is Ulf Groos
Fraunhofer ISE
addressed by the FC-RAT research project
coordinated by Fraunhofer ISE. Experts fromscience and industry want to significantly expand
and deepen the understanding of the aging
processes in fuel cells. Based on this, thedevelopment of an aging model will enable anestimation of the lifetime under real load profiles.
At the same time, this modeling can serve to
ti i
ti
t t i
Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Aim is the production of catalyst coated
Ulf Groosmembranes (CCMs) that are used in bot, PEL
Fraunhofer ISE
electrolysis and PEM fuel cells. Special focus is
the printing process of the catalyst containing ink
and different techniques to achieve high quality
CCMs.

20X21- 2023 (R&D span)

126

Partnership (if any)
ZSW: Solar Energy and Hydorgen Research
Baden-Wuerttemberg;

Partnership (if any)
AVL Germany;
University of Freiburg;

Partnership (if any)
Audi;
Continental Benecke-Kaliko AG;
Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG;

Related information
https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/research-projects/hyfabbw.html

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The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Enabling India’s clean energy transition
Dr. Vibha Dhawan
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India
1. Introduction
The Hon’ble Prime Minister of India announced the target of achieving net-zero by 2070, at
COP26. India has committed to become energy self-reliant by 2047. By 2030, India aims toreach 500GW non-fossil based energy capacity, and meet 50% of its energy requirements
through renewable sources.
In February 2022, the Government of India notified the first phase of the National Hydrogen
Mission Policy. The Policy includes measures to boost the production of green hydrogen andgreen ammonia for both domestic use and exports. To improve industrial energy efficiency, theimplementation of the Perform Achieve and Trade Scheme across several industries has led tosignificant savings in emissions and energy. The Department of Science and Technology (DST),
has participated in multilateral Accelerating Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) Technologies
programme and will support four projects in CCS.
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has been actively working in the clean energy spacewith projects in renewable energy, energy efficiency and industry decarbonization and has
provided support in the research and development of clean energy technologies. The Institute’s
work covers the entire value-chain from early-stage laboratory testing and innovation to pilot
plants and facilitation of large-scale deployment of clean energy technologies, both on the
supply side and demand side. TERI has initiated a long-term studies focused on the
decarbonization of harder-to-abate sectors (Iron and steel, cement, petrochemicals, transport,etc.). TERI is working extensively on exploring the electricity supply mix scenarios to 2030
and 2050, which is contributing to building the knowledge base for India’s clean energy
transition. These studies aim to develop a deeper understanding and the role of policy measures
to facilitate decarbonization. TERI has been engaging with multiple stakeholders, academia,organizations, sector experts, and government officials to support this initiative and has brought
out several publications in recent years.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
In the field of clean energy technologies, TERI’s R&D activities cover various dimensions.
These encompass energy management and conservation in industry and building sectors(including aspects related green building design), solar and wind including battery energy
storage and grid integration, and in the area of bio-fuels (Liquid as well as Gaseous fuel). The
main focus of R&D in the area of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) comprises of pilot
projects, feasibility studies and laboratory scale R&D.

127

3. Specific research activities
Research and Development (R&D) in biofuels (Liquid as well as Gaseous fuel) is being
explored at the basic laboratory scale, pilot- stage and for large-scale deployment. TERI has
undertaken in-depth research explorations for production of algal biodiesel, bioethanol,
biohydrogen, biomethane, 2, 3 Butane Diol, 1, 3 propane Diol, pyrolytic bio-oil. In hydrogen,
R&D activities are primarily in the development of process for bio-hydrogen production from
1st and next generation feed.
TERI has undertaken in-depth research explorations for various applications of BESS in smart
distribution network. In this regard, a detailed study has been undertaken to assess the potentialof BESS under the distribution license of a public utility in West Bengal and Delhi. Work has
been done considering various dimensions of energy storage system from the perspective of
Indian power systems to develop an understanding regarding the suitability of a particularenergy storage technology to the local distribution grid, in line with geographical location andlagging areas in terms of distribution network operation, economic viability, and other local
conditions. Moreover, three pilots of real-time demonstration of BESS in smart distribution
network are set up in the region of distribution licensee in New Delhi. Smart grid lab for battery
performance parameter testing and designing its control logic for various applications is set-up
in TERI, to make a use case for future developments in its adoption.
On the economic and policy analysis side, TERI undertook in-depth research on the steel sector
and published a Consultation Document detailing potential measures for decarbonising theIndian steel sector using hydrogen as a reducing agent. A Roadmap for the decarbonisation of
the steel sector was also launched in 2022. TERI also recently came out with a first-of-its-kind,cross-sector assessment on the role hydrogen technologies can play in supporting India’stransition to a zero-carbon energy system. TERI also undertook research on existing BESS pilot
projects in India, various challenges related to deployment and operation, existing policies andschemes.
Related programs/selected projects conducted by the Institute ‘Dark fermentative hydrogen production from renewable sources’ (2010-2013).
(Funded by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology Govt. ofIndia).
‘An integrated approach for biohydrogen production through combined dark- andphoto-fermentation process’ (2011-2014). (Funded by Ministry of Petroleum and NaturalGas, Govt. of India).

‘Development of a pilot scale process for dark fermentative hydrogen Production byEnterobacter cloacae DT-1 from lignocellulosic biomass, a second-generation feedstock’ (2013-2017). (Funded by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science andTechnology Govt. of India).

128



‘Enhanced methane recovery from cattle manure through microbial community
dissection and bio stimulation approach’ (2017-2021). (Funded by Department of
Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology Govt. of India).

Hydrogen enrichment in SYNGAS through air- steam gasification of biomass for
power generation applications (2017-2020). (Funded by Petroleum Conservation
Research Association, Govt. of India)

Development and field demonstration of paddy based briquetting plant in Punjab(2019-2022). (Funded by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India)Design and development of biomass solar PV electricity and cooling solution for rural
India (2018-2022). (Funded by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India)



DBT-TERI Center of Excellence Project ‘Integrated Production of Advanced Biofuels
and Bio-commodities’ (2018-2022). (This centre is established at TERI by Department of
Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, and Government of India).

‘Pilot scale production of 2, 3 Butane Diol (2, 3-BD), a fuel additive: Employment ofEnterobacter as microbial cell factory’’ (2018-2022). (Funded by Department of
Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology Govt. of India).



Indo-U.S. Virtual Networked Center on ‘Advanced Bio-based Energy and value-added
Commodity Production: Moving towards next generation feed-based bio refineries’(2022-2024). (Funded under Indo-US Science and Technology Endowment fund).



Traffic and air quality in India: Technologies and attitudes (TAQIITA) (Indo-Finland
collaborative project) (2017-2020). (Funded by Department of Biotechnology, Ministryof Science and Technology Govt. of India and Business Finland, Finland)

Towards a low carbon steel sector: overview of the changing market, technology, andpolicy context for Indian steel (2019-2020). (Funded by Shakti Sustainable Energy
Foundation).



Make Hydrogen in India: Driving India towards the clean energy technology frontier(2020). (Funded by CIFF)The Potential Role of Hydrogen in India: A pathway for scaling-up low carbon hydrogenacross the economy (2019-2020) (Funded by CIFF).



Achieving green steel: Roadmap to a net zero steel sector in India (2020-2022) (Funded
by CIFF and SSEF).

129



Green steel through hydrogen direct reduction: A study on the role of hydrogen in the
Indian iron and steel sector (2020-2021). (Joint effort between TERI, Primetals
Technologies Austria GmbH, Austria and Siemens India)

‘A Stakeholder Forum for Key Actors in Electricity Distribution Sector’ (2020-2022).
(Funded by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation).
‘Preparation of roadmap for strengthening power distribution infrastructure in a
Smart City’ (2020-2021). (Funded by The John D and Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation)‘US-India collaborative for smart distribution System with Storage’ (2017-2023).
(Funded by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Indo-US
science and technology Forum)

4. International collaboration
TERI is working closely with international partners to further India’s transition to carbon
neutrality. The Institute has been collaborating with the International Energy Agency (IEA),
Energy Transition Commission (ETC), Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES),
Michigan State University (East Lansing, USA, Oregon University (Oregon, USA),
Washington State University (St. Louis, USA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Helsinki,
Finland), Helsinki Environmental research (Helsinki, Finland), Tampere University (Tampere,
Finland), York University (York, UK) among others. One of the major on-going projects is the
US India Joint Research Program in the Electricity Distribution Sector. Brief details are given
below:The US-India collaborative for smart distribution System with Storage (UI-ASSIST)
project is presently being implemented by a consortium of academia, research institutions,
utility, industry, etc. (15 from each side- US and India). The fundamental approach in thisproject is to bridge the gap between smart grid, storage, and renewable energy research andfacilitate its subsequent adoption by utilities around the world in their distribution system
operation and planning. Some of the major outcomes from our research include: 1) Open source
test feeders for urban, semi-urban and rural, in India and US; 2) Storage models with advanced
analytical techniques for optimal operation; 3) Operational and control algorithms as well as
analysis tools, to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DER) control with Advanced
Distribution Management System and Micro-grid Management System; 4) Cyber-PhysicalAnalysis tools and Cyber Security Measures for smart operations with high DER; 5) Lab scaletesting and real-world field demonstration; and 6) Recommendations to address socio-politicalissues for adopting these technologies and the needed workforce development.

130

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
At COP26 the Hon’ble Prime Minister announced India’s target of achieving net zero by 2070.
Hydrogen will play an essential role in this clean energy transition, particularly for the transitionof heavy industry sectors. India is committed to scaling up the production and export of greenhydrogen. The National Hydrogen Mission sets out India’s ambition to scale-up the hydrogenecosystem. Several industry stakeholders are also taking measures to develop India’s greenhydrogen ecosystem by undertaking projects across the hydrogen value-chain in hydrogenproduction, storage, and transportation. Industry has also set ambitious targets to reduce thecosts of hydrogen, particularly green hydrogen in the next decade. India is still at an early-stage
when it comes to the scaling up of research, development and deployment of hydrogenproduction, and storage technologies. In this context, international collaborations will benecessary to ensure rapid reductions in costs and scaling up of technologies. There is a need to
explore consortia-based projects that bring together existing private sector R&D activity totackle similar problems. At TERI, we look forward to working with global partners to scale-up
the hydrogen ecosystem.

131

Dr. Vibha Dhawan, Director General, TERIDr Vibha Dhawan is the Director General of India’s premier
research institution - The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) and has been associated with TERI since 1985. Dr
Dhawan is actively involved in research as well as policy
development at the national and international levels. Dr
Dhawan is a well-published researcher and has been
instrumental in the establishment of the highly successful
Micropropagation Technology Park at TERI. In the area ofadvanced biofuels, she guides the activities of the DBT-TERI
Centre on Integrated Production of Advanced Biofuels and Biocommodities.
She held several leadership positions such as being the Vice-Chancellor of TERI School of
Advanced Studies from 2005-2007. She is currently serving as Adjunct Professor, Consul
General of South Asia Partnership, Michigan State University. She is a Fellow of the National
Academy of Sciences, India. She is a task force member of a number of committees with entities
such as the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), the Biotechnology Industry Research
Assistance Council (BIRAC), and the Biotech Consortium India Limited (BCIL), among others.
She has served on the boards of prestigious organizations in India and overseas including
Jawaharlal Nehru University, Ambedkar University, Ayurvet Foundation and Centre for
Bioscience and Agriculture International (CABI). She has also successfully completed anumber of international assignments such as Coordinator for the Asia Pacific Consortium on
Agriculture Biotechnology (APCoAB); Advisor to Director General, The International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT); and Deputy Director, Research Partnerships &Co-ordination with the Borlaug Institute for South Asia. Her other contributions include
developing e-contents for the post-graduate programme in biotechnology for the University
Grants Commission. She was also an Advisor, Bioresources & Biotechnology, to the Late Tarun
Gogoi, the former Chief Minister of Assam.
She is the winner of Indian Women Achievers Sammaan 2017 by NRI Achievers; Women
Leadership Agriculture Award 2016 by the Indian Council of Food & Agriculture; First Biotech
Product and Process Development and Commercialization Award of the Department of
Biotechnology in 2000, the Kamal Kumari National Award for Science and Technology and thefirst All India Biotech Association (AIBA) award in 1998.

132

Institute/Country

India/TERI

TERI/India

TERI/India

Theme

Renewable
EnergyRenewable
EnergyRenewable
EnergySub Theme

Hydrogen enrichment in
Syngas (Bio Hydrogen)through air– steam/oxy–steam gasification

Biomass Solar PV

Solid Fuel

Related programs(with short summary)Hydrogen enrichment in SYNGAS through air-steam gasification of biomass for power generation applications(2017-2020)

Target / Goal Outcome
Key objectives are 1) Optimisation of operating parameters (thermochemical reactor), 2) IC
engine performance assesment and 3) Financial viability study

Lead person / Organization
Mr N K Ram / TERI

Partnership (if any)
TERI University

Current

2017 - 2020 (R&D span)
Design and development of biomass solar PV electricity and cooling solution for rural India (2018-2022)
The objective of the project isDr. Sukumar Mishra/ IIT Delhi
The project is funded by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under Mission Innovation Off Grid
1.Quantification of waste heat obtained from exhaust of 2 stage biomass gasifier andChallenge has the objective of provision of electricity and cooling solution to rural consumer in India. The project will oversee designing of heat exchanger
development of a microgrid comprising of hybrid power generation sources namely- a two stage biomass gasifier system
2. Installation and integration 2 stage gasifier with vapour adsorption system along withand a solar PV system integrated with a refrigeration system for storage of perishable produce of the village communities
performance evaluation and optimization.
3.
thereby allowing the produce to stay fresh longer and increase the income of community.
Integration od vapour compression system with solar PV and battery via variable frequency
drive to control initial inrush current
4. To demonstrate DC synchronization of hybrid sources
5. Control algorithms for seamless control of voltage source converters from voltage control tocurrent control modes.
Current
6. Demonstration of optimal PV-biomass Gasifier operation.
7. Incorporation of the DSM practices to control the integrated operation and provide reliable
electricity.
8.
2018 - 2022 (R&D span)
Demonstration of AC-DC system concepts for reduction in losses of the overall system.
9. Implementation of the PV-Biomass hybrid system for two villages. Village 1, AC side
Integration will be demonstrated while in Village 2 DC side Integration will be demonstrated(avoiding synchronization problems). The performance comparison between the two
configurations will be carried out.

1. Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 2. Delhi
Technical University

Development and field demonstration of paddy based briquetting plant in Punjab (2019-2022)
The objective of the project isRampant crop residue burning (mainly paddy stalks/stubble and to some extent others like wheat straw, sugarcane straw• To study physical chemical properties and flow characteristics of paddy straw residues.
etc) that occurs in the Indo-Gangetic Plains has been a major cause of concern given the potentially adverse consequences • To improve material life of ram, piston, hammer mill, shredder and baler blades by thefor the region with respect to air pollution, public health and soil health. Anywhere between 17-18 million tons (Mt) of paddy application of specialized coatings and to reduce the down-time of the machine.
straw residue are burnt in Punjab during October-November, and the crop residue burning in Punjab and Haryana accounts • To conduct detailed energy audit of the existing briquetting process and suggest
for 48% of the total residues burnt in India annually. One of the options, of paddy straw utilization, is to promote conversion improvements in the electrical efficiency of motors.
of paddy straw into briquettes fuel through biomass densification process. Densification of biomass under high pressure and • To develop market ready paddy straw briquetting machine.
temperature into briquettes by mechanical presses is one of the promising routes of effective utilization of agro and forestry
residues. The technology is also known as briquetting and it improves the handling characteristics of the materials fortransport, storing etc.This R&D project has been identified to overcome technological and operational problems withespecially the ram and piston press. The developmental work on this machine will focus on the optimization of briquetting
process and obtain performance data on paddy straw materials.

1. Dr. Krishna Valleti, ARCI: Research on
metallurgy improvement. 2. Mr. Pritpal Singh,
PSCST: Field Implementation

Current

2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

133

Mr N K Ram / TERI

Related information

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Dark fermentative hydrogen production from renewable sources (2010-2013).
TERI undertook extensive research on hydrogen production from spent organic discharge from sugar industries (blackstrap
molasses) through biological route (Dark fermentation process).
Current

TERI/India

TERI/India

HydrogenHydrogenBio-hydrogen

Bio-hydrogen

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

The study lead to the development of a clean technology for biohydrogen production fromblackstrap molasses in large scale (1 m3, TRL-5) using a select high H2 yielding microbe,
Clostridium butyricum strain TM-9A. This process has significant potential for further scaling
up in demonstration scale (TRL-6).
Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI

2010-2013

An integrated approach for biohydrogen production through combined dark- and photo-fermentation process (2011- This project resulted in overall enhancement of Hydrogen yield from molasses. The first2014).
TERI undertook research process was scaled up at TRL-5 scale, while the 2nd process was up scaled at TRL 4 scale.
studies to develop an integrated process for bio-hydrogen production from sugarcane and black strap molasses through darkfermentation process in 1st stage and photo fermentation process in the 2nd stage by using the spent effluent form darkfermentation process as feed.
Current

Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI

2011-2014

TERI/India

HydrogenBio-hydrogen

Development of a pilot scale process for dark fermentative hydrogen Production by Enterobacter cloacae DT-1 from This process was up scaled at TRL-4 scale (0.1 m3).
lignocellulosic biomass, a second-generation feed stock’ (2013-2017).
TERI undertook research studies for biohydrogen production from lignocellulose biomass (Rice straw, Wheat straw,
Sugarcane bagasse, Sorghum stover, sugarcane trash, Water hyacinth, Azolla) by using a select C5 and C6 sugar utilizing
microbe, “Enterobacter cloacae strain DT-1’’.

Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI

Current

2013-2017

TERI/India

HydrogenBio-fuels

Enhanced methane recovery from cattle manure through microbial community dissection and bio stimulation
This process resulted in lowering the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of the process withapproach (2017-2020).
increase in volumetric biogas production along with increase in methane production efficiency
The projects aimed to enhance energy recovery in the form of methane and to enhance rate of biomethane production, TERI (62-65% CH4 in the biogas).
undertook research explorations on development of efficient biomethane production by modulating the dynamics of complex
microbial consortia.
Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI
Current

2017-2020
DBT-TERI Center of Excellence Project ‘Integrated Production of Advanced Biofuels and Biocommodities’ (20182021).
This project envisages the development and demonstration of algal biofuels (e.g. pyrolytic fuel, green diesel, jet fuel range
products) and hydrogen from next-generation [2nd (aquatic plant) and 3rd (algae biomass) generation] feedstocks.
TERI/India

HydrogenBio-fuels

To develop and demonstrate algal biofuels and hydrogen from next-generation feedstocks.

Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI

Current

2018-2022

Pilot scale third generation biohydrogen production from deoiled marine algae biomass in 100 liter scale (under
DBT-TERI CoE project, 2018-2022).

TERI/India

HydrogenTo reduce the marine algal biofuel cost, the residual marine alage (after oil extraction) wasused as feed for biohydrogen production in an integrated biorefinery approach

Dr Vibha Dhawan (Center coordinator), Dr. Sanjukta Subudhi (PI) /TERI

Bio-hydrogen2018-2022

TERI/India

HydrogenBio-fuels

Pilot scale production of 2,3 Butane Diol (2,3-BD), a fuel additive: Employment of Enterobacter as microbial cell
The main goal of this project is to develop a clean technology for production of 2,3 Butane Diol,
factory (2018-2021).
(a precursor of bio-Jet fuel) from low-cost industrial grade sugar using a select Enterobacter
Under this Research project, TERI developed a clean technology for upstream production of 2,3 Butane Diol (TRL-3) fromstrain as microbial cell factory.
commercial grade sugar and subsequent downstream purification of 2,3 Butane Diol from fermentation broth. Scale up of thisDr. Sanjukta Subudhi/TERI
process is in progress (at TRL-4).
Current

2018-2021
Make Hydrogen in India: Driving India towards the clean energy technology frontier (2020).
The policy brief provides recommendations on pathways for collaborations between industry and government to work together
under an ambitious 'Hydrogen Mission' to maximize the benefits for India to accelerate the energy transition.
TERI/India

TERI/India

HydrogenHydrogen

Policy analysis ofhydrogen ecosystem

Current

Funded by The Children's Investment FundFoundation (CIFF)

The Policy brief was published in July 2020

Mr. Girish Sethi/TERI

2020-2020

The Potential Role of Hydrogen in India: A pathway for scaling-up low carbon hydrogen across the economy (20192020).
The report provides a cross-sector assessment of how hydrogen technologies can support the transition to a zero-carbon
Analysis of hydrogen energy system in India. It examines the role hydrogen could play in India and how Indian industry can seize the economic
opportunities arising.
ecosystem

Funded by CIFF

The report was published in December 2020.

Mr. Girish Sethi/TERI

Current

2019-2020

134

Related information

Institute/Country

TERI/India

Theme

Sectoral
Decarbonisation

Sub Theme

Steel sector
decarbonisation

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Towards a low carbon steel sector: overview of the changing market, technology, and policy context for Indian steel(2019-2020).
The
report provides a comprehensive package of measures that would keep the Indian steel sector competitive while reducing its
environmental impacts.
Current

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)
Funded by Shakti Sustainable Energy
Foundation (SSEF)

The Consultation document was published in January 2020.

Mr. Girish Sethi/TERI

2019-2020
Achieving green steel: Roadmap to a net zero steel sector in India (2020-2022).
The Roadmap will provide details on possible short-term (2020-2030) and the long-term (2030-2060) actions required by thesector to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060.
TERI/India

Sectoral
Decarbonisation

Steel sector
decarbonisation

Funded by CIFF and SSEF

A sectoral roadmap detailing cost-effective short-term and long-term actions required forachieving net-zero emissions in the steel sector by 2070. The Roadmap was published in July Mr. Girish Sethi/TERI
2022

Current

2020-2022

Current

TERI/India

Sectoral
Decarbonisation

Steel sector
decarbonisation

Green steel through hydrogen direct reduction: A study on the role of hydrogen in the Indian iron and steel sector(2020-2021).
The paper will include a techno-economic analysis of the direct reduction process based on hydrogen, outline of the potentialof green hydrogen technologies, and a discussion on the suitability of this technology in the Indian context. The paper will
also set out the scale of emission reductions possible, and recommendations for the next steps to advance this technology.

The Roadmap was published in August 2021

Mr. Girish Sethi/TERI

Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH, Austriaand Siemens India

Stakeholder discussions

Ms. Falti Teotia/TERI

Funded by SSEF

Preparation of Roadmap

Ms. Falti Teotia/TERI

Funded by The John D and Catherine T.
MacArthur Foundation

Current

A Stakeholder Forum for Key Actors in Electricity Distribution Sector
SectoralPower sector
Decarbonisation

Current

2020-2022
Preparation of roadmap for strengthening power distribution infrastructure in a Smart City’ (2020-2021)
TERI/India

SectoralPower sector
Decarbonisation

Current

2021-2021
US-India collaborative for smart distribution System with Storage’ (2017-2023).
Current

TERI/India

SectoralPower sector
Decarbonisation

2017-2023

Link to the document https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/202207/Technical%20Annex%20of%20Gr
een%20Steel%20Roadmap.pdf
Link to document https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/202207/Achieving%20Green%20Steel%2
0Roadmap%20to%20a%20Net%20
Zero%20Steel%20Sector%20in%20I
ndia%20updated.pdf

Link to document https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/policybrief-green-steel.pdf

2020-2022

TERI/India

Related information

1) Open source test feeders for urban, semi-urban and rural, in India and US; 2) Storage
models with advanced analytical techniques for optimal operation; 3) Operational and control
algorithms as well as analysis tools, to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DER) control
with Advanced Distribution Management System and Micro-grid Management System; 4)
Ms. Falti Teotia/TERI
Cyber-Physical Analysis tools and Cyber Security Measures for smart operations with high
DER; 5) Lab scale testing and real-world field demonstration; and 6) Recommendations toaddress socio-political issues for adopting these technologies and the needed workforce
development.

135

Funded by Department of Science andTechnology, Government of India and Indo-US
science and technology Forum4th RD20, Oct 4-6 2022
ABSTRACT - R&D activities in ENEA on the Clean Energy Technologies
Dr. Giorgio Graditi
Head of Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Energy Resources
ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies,
Energy and Sustainable Economic Development

1. Introduction
ENEA is a public body with the aim of pursuing research and technological innovation, as
well as providing enterprises, public administration and citizens with advanced services in the
sectors of energy, environment and sustainable economic development.
ENEA activities in the field of renewable energy sources are mainly centered upon research,innovation, and technology transfer. The Agency also provides advanced services contributing
to both decreasing CO2 emissions and the national energy dependence on fossil sources andincreasing Italy’s economic competitiveness.
ENEA is present with numerous Research Centers distributed throughout the Italian national
territory (Bologna, Brasimone, Brindisi, Casaccia, Frascati, Ispra, Portici, Trisaia and Brindisi);
has excellent instrumentation and a consolidated experience and capacity for technologicalinnovation and has gained a high degree of competence in the management of complex projects
at national, European and international level, providing tests, studies and measurements aimed
at increasing the quality of products, services and processes, promoting their sustainability andenhancement for production and competitiveness purposes.
ENEA, through the Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources (TERIN),
operates in the energy sector with particular reference to renewable sources (concentrated solar,
bioenergy and photovoltaic) and associated technologies (electrochemical storage, hydrogentechnologies, power to gas, smart grids, carbon capture, utilization and storage), as well assustainable mobility, in whose sectors it is a national and European reference point in appliedresearch; has excellent equipment and a consolidated experience and capacity for technologicalinnovation.
In such context, ENEA coordinates the National Technological Energy Cluster, which aims
to promote scientific and technological research to foster participation, coordination andlaunching of national and international initiatives and projects concerning the energy sector, bygiving particular attention to clean energy solutions.
With particular focus on Hydrogen, ENEA is member of the Board of Directors of the Italian
Association of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells and is serving as technical-scientific advisory to support
the Italian Ministry of Economic Development in the framework of the Important Projects ofCommon European Interest (IPCEI) on hydrogen. In this specific context, ENEA also covers
representative roles in National, European and International initiatives: member of IEAHydrogen and IEA-AFC Technology Collaborative Programmes; member of Hydrogen Europe
Research and the Clean Hydrogen Alliance and coordinator of the EERA Joint Programme on
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen.

136

2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
ENEA, through the Department for Energy Technologies and Renewables (500 researchers
and technicians organized in six Divisions), fosters innovation in the development of new energy
technologies in the sectors of: renewable energy (thermal and concentrated solar, bioenergy andphotovoltaic); energy storage/transportation (H2 production, H2 handling, storage anddistribution, batteries); energy final use and application (fuel cells, combustion), CCUS (carbon
capture, utilization and storage).
Additionally, ENEA activities focus on research in the field of energy management systems(smart grid, grid integration with variable renewable energy, HEMS/BEMS with H2, vehicle toX), also considering life cycle assessment and social acceptability aspects related to the energy
sector.
All the R&D activities in the field of clean energies, supported by testing and validation on
relevant scale experimental platforms (some examples in Fig. 1) are aimed at the reduction ofgreenhouse gas emissions and fossil-sourced energy dependency, development of a low-carbon
economy, also by optimizing energy use, medium-to-long-term diversification of energy sources,enhancement of the competitiveness of the Italian industry by reducing energy costs.

Fig. 1: ENEA Research Test Facilities

137

The priorities of research activities refer to the PNIEC (Integrated National Energy andClimate Plan) targets and to the Programme Agreements with the Italian Ministry of Economic
Development (Electric System Research) and the Ministry of Ecological Transition (Mission
Innovation). Moreover, research activities consider the vision embodied by the European SET
Plan, EERA (European Energy Research Alliance), IEA (International Energy Agency), BIC(Bio-based Industries Consortium), SERIT (Security Energy in Italy) and the Horizon 2020 and
Horizon Europe programs.
3. Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen and others
ENEA has been conducting experimental studies and field research on Concentrating Solar
Thermal (CST) technology for 20 years. The core of the innovation introduced during the past
years by ENEA consists in the use of molten salt mixtures both as heat transfer fluid and thermal
storage material, replacing the conventional diathermic oil, and in the development of highperformance selective coatings for the Parabolic Trough (PT) receiver, producing a series ofpatents whose licenses have been acquired by a national industry in the sector. Currently, main
activities, characterized by medium-high technological maturity, aim at the development andconstruction of new prototypes and demonstration systems. In particular, the research is mainly
focused on the development of new materials for reliable and costly effective components (highperformance spectrally selective coatings with reduced emissivity and enhanced stability up to
600°C, self-cleaning and smart coatings for low maintenance mirrors alternative molten salts
mixtures) and new system configurations for multipurpose CST plants, able to generateheat/power for distributed or centralized applications, and possibly integrated with different
renewable energy sources locally available (photovoltaic/wind or biomass) to reduce the costs
and increase the dispatchability of heat/electricity produced. In this respect, the development of
versatile thermal energy storages (TES), flexibly powered by heat and renewable electricity(wind/PV) is a key asset for ENEA, which is also considering and analyzing the transversal
application of thermal energy storage for the coupling of the power and heating sectors, beyond
the waste heat recovery in industrial processes. To this end, different heat storage systems(sensible/latent/ thermochemical) in the medium-high temperature range are currently being
developed by ENEA, with the realization of pilots and demonstrators to validate technicalsolutions and facilitate the technological transfer to the industry. A specific research activity isalso focused on the development of CST solutions for the provision of medium/high temperature
heat to the industrial processes (SHIP), whit the aim of promoting the decarbonization of theindustrial sector. Finally, a promising perspective for the application of CST technology is thethermal supply of "green" fuel production processes (in particular, hydrogen) starting frombiogas/biomass or water. In this regard, both the hydrogen generation processes that use water
as a primary source and those that use a carbon source (fossil or biological) can be powered byhigh-temperature heat and/or by the electricity produced by CST plants, depending on the typeof process considered. ENEA is actively involved in this field, with R&D activities ranging fromnew materials development to process design, realization, and testing.
Regarding the development of photovoltaics (PV) as key technology to build a secure andsustainable energy system for the future and to favor the energetic transition, ENEA isdeveloping materials and device architecture for highly efficient solar cells. In particular, theresearch is focused on tandem solar cells realized by a silicon heterojunction bottom cell and aperovskite front cell. Perovskite/Silicon solar cell mechanically stacked two terminal tandem
cells, having maximum efficiency of 27.1%, have been obtained with the research efforts incooperation with Rome University “Tor Vergata”, while efficiencies higher than 20% have beenobtained on perovskite single junction solar cells.

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ENEA is giving great boost to the development of Agri-PV, while finalizing its studies toseveral demonstration sites, to show how to convert simple agricultural sites into possible
resources of open space for communities, adding to the productive values (electricity and food)the recreational one, with maximum landscape integration to favor the social acceptability ofagrivoltaic systems. Recently ENEA has promoted the creation of the Italian network for
Sustainable Agrivoltaics and coordinates this network with the aim to provide guidelines tosupport decision makers, as well as methodologies for impact assessments. ENEA has also
designed new/renovated greenhouses with the roofs equipped with different customized
photovoltaic glasses and is also realizing spectrally selective solar cells in order to study theeffects on test species (plants and microalgae).
Furthermore, research activities on PV module eco-design have been started based on theutilization of new polymers alternative to conventional encapsulants and backsheets, looking
also to the possibility to recover valuable materials, such as glass, metals and polymers
introduced into the eco-designed panels.
ENEA is also implementing efforts on Digital-PV, a meeting place between artificial intelligence(AI) techniques and those characterizing the energy sector. Priority is being given to the needs
for monitoring, management and operation of photovoltaic systems. New methods for anomalies
detection, predictive O&M and the assessment of solar suitability, also with the creation of tools
for the public decision-makers aimed at optimal energy planning including photovoltaics, are theresearch targets.
Paying now attention to the topic of hydrogen, it is necessary to emphasize that the R&D
activities in ENEA began before the 2000s and have never stopped. Over the years, various
pathways and methods for the production of hydrogen have been explored, both thermochemicaland electrochemical, with carbonaceous matter and/or water as feedstock. Hydrogen conversion
and utilization have been investigated too.
Currently the research is mainly focused on advanced low temperature electrolysis andhigh temperature electrolysis. ENEA activities on low temperature electrolysis concern both
the development and optimization of the electrochemical aspects of polymeric devices, both thedesign and implementation of the complete systems (with the main objective to increase theelectrolysis operating pressure to reach values close to 70 bar). For what concerns the research
activities in the field of high temperature electrolysis ENEA expertise lays mainly in a structured
and well proven methodology for testing and characterization of solid oxide electrolysis (SOE)and molten carbonate electrolysis (MCE). Particularly advanced electrochemical diagnostic tools
have been developed and improved in years of activities, enabling not only a more accuratequality assessment of specific systems but also the development of ad hoc accelerated stress tests
able to predict the degradation phenomena occurring inside high temperature electrolysis in ashorter time.
The thermochemical processes of gasification and pyrolysis are also studied at ENEA,
being considered among the most viable processes for the valorization of residual biomass
feedstocks. Several gasification reactors, European Research Infrastructure (ZECOMIX) andplant configurations, have been developed in order to allow the highest performance in relation
to the feedstock to be exploited and the application to which address the producer gas (such as
H2 productions and liquid biofuels, as well as combined heat and power).
Thanks to the availability of a technological park provided with facility of different size,
from bench to pilot scale, based on different reactor technologies (e.g. fixed bed, rotary kiln,
fluidized bed and stage reactors) and the availability of well-equipped analytical labs forchemical characterizations, on this field it is possible to carry out studies focused on thechemistry and the technology of the conversion process of solid fuels into combustible gaseous
stream, as well as on its purification, subsequent conditioning and use. The overall aim is thedevelopment of the most effective solutions based on the chemical and physical characteristicsof the feedstocks, their availability and the potential final applications. The specific items regard:

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Gasification reactor design, with particular attention to fixed and fluidized bed reactor.
Process intensification for N2-free producer gas via steam/oxygen gasification agent tomake available a producer gaseous stream useful for H2 production or to be directed tochemical conversion.
- Simultaneous gas cleaning and conditioning via in-bed catalysts and sorbents.
- Producer gas exploitation for power production via ICE and SOFC.
- Producer gas exploitation for conversion in advanced energy carrier, with attention to
bioSNG, eventually integrated with use of H2 from water electrolysis for electrical RES
storage and grid stabilization, as well as for chemical storage of the hydrogen itself.
- Valorization of process by-product with particular attention to biochar and its possible
uses, including emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage andconversion.
About hydrogen utilization, different approaches are followed: fuel cell application and H2
combustion. ENEA attention gradually turned to the study and development of different types
of fuel cells, such as polymeric fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cells. In
the last years, from a research and development prospective, most of the efforts were focused on
two main topics regarding SOFC technology: extending systems lifetime and improving thereliability and automation of mass manufacturing. The main activity carried out in ENEA related
to SOC technology has always been the testing and characterization of solid oxide cells on alaboratory scale, conducted in the framework of European research projects.
Testing and characterization of solid oxide cells samples, supplied by the leading
manufacturers in Europe, are carried on at the level of button cells (1-10 cm2), single cells (up to
100 cm2) and laboratory scale power modules (short stacks, 5-6 single cells connected in series).
The main studies are focused on: (i) the evaluation and quantification of the electrochemical
performance by simulating the different operating conditions with respect to the scope of a
specific project, (ii) the study of the material degradation phenomena, induced by particular
operating conditions or by the presence of contaminants in the fuel gas, (iii) the definition ofexperimental procedures for the qualification of the performance of commercial cells andmodules.
Dealing with combustion applications, hydrogen will contribute to decarbonise the power
and transport sectors as well as the hard-to-abate industrial sector. Although in the power
generation sector most of the attention is focused on renewable energies, gas turbines still playa crucial role: they are asked to operate as a back-up service to sustain variable renewable energy
sources and stabilize the electric grid, with a contribution to the electric system flexibility. It isfundamental to have fuel-flexible gas turbines running with hydrogen blends as fuel (fromhydrogen-enriched natural gas, HENG, to ammonia, a promising H2-carrier) in a stable, safe andreliable way when the H2 content unpredictably varies in time due to intermittent production
from renewables.
ENEA is investigating combustion technologies for burning HENG with high hydrogencontent and low NOx emissions, mainly applicable for fuel-flexible gas turbines but also having
positive feedbacks for burners and furnaces in the hard-to-abate industry. Activities will aim toinvestigate flame topology (wrinkles, length) and burning rate changes while increasinghydrogen, to define strategies for real-time combustion stability monitoring, to develop new fuelflexible low-NOx combustors for micro-gas turbines.
Also, CCUS technologies represent a broad class of technological options for
decarbonisation of industries and power at large scale favouring a growing share of renewable
in energy and industrial processes. Technologies for CO2 capture, transport, and storage havebeen demonstrated and shown to be technological feasible. However, high priority research gaps
exist to address barriers such as investment and operating cost, robustness real and perceived
risks and flexibility.
ENEA is in charge of a 0.5MWt pilot plant ZECOMIX (Zero Emission of Carbon with Mixed140technologies) for decarbonisation of fuel gas (syngas) and flue gas. Different sustainable
technologies are being investigated in this plant. The key objective is the hydrogen production
from syngas and methane with simultaneous capture of CO2 via calcium based solid sorbents.
ZECOMIX is a European ECCSEL (European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory
Infrastructure) research infrastructure. Being a member of ECCSEL consortium is a label ofquality: it has been evaluated via a European process based on commonly agreed criteria andrecognized as being of the highest standards and relevance to research in Europe. As member of
ECCSEL consortium ZECOMIX offers: (i) top quality scientific and technological performanceand support recognized as being of European relevance; (ii) access visiting scientists from
Europe and beyond through a transparent selection and admission process on the basis ofscientific merit; (iii) training for PhD and Master students.
ENEA is, also, in charge of projects, programmes and research infrastructures whereoperational conditions will be provided along with the cost effectiveness of CCUS processes.
The activities of ENEA identify credible and clearly key performance indicators (KPIs) for the
reduction of the energy penalty, the capture rate and the related capital and operational costs of
the CO2 capture processes and thermochemical conversion of biogenic feedstocks and reformingof methane. The CO2 capturing materials used in the ENEA laboratories and infrastructures areadvanced solid sorbents that permits cheaper CO2 cost removal than state-of-the-art solutions
proposed for pre-combustion capture such as amines. Furthermore, ENEA promotes next
generation CO2 capture with higher efficiencies (8-10% increase in carbon removal efficiency),
lower energy consumption (20-30% decrease) and lower capture costs (20-40% decrease) thanconventional pre-commercialized and existing CO2 capture technologies (e.g., ammines). ENEA
is developing thermochemical conversion of methane and biomass residue feedstocks to couple
with CO2 capture and H2 production.
The use of the chemical process methanation - conceived by Sabatier in 1902 - chemicallyconverts CO2 into CH4 by reaction with a H2 flow electrically generated; it was proposed after
2010 as a solution for energy storage: the discontinuous nature of most renewable sources,
candidate to supply increasingly part of the world energy needs, could be remedied by anappropriate energetic high value storage medium. The ENEA MENHIR Plant (MEthaNe andHydrogen Infrastructured with Renewable) is an infrastructure dedicated to the study of Powerto Gas technologies. A modular, moveable and containerized facility composed by two shippable
containers equipped with an electrolyser and a methanation unit. The methanation unit iscomposed by a tubular fixed bed reactor with different stages of catalytic beds, able to work incooled or adiabatic conditions. The facility is suitable for evaluating the dynamic environmentof the individual units and of the integrated system start up, shut-down, stand-by e idle condition(plant able to work at load between 20 % and 100%); testing different methanation catalysts andintensified reactor; testing different process methanation configuration (e.g. cooled or adiabatic
reactor condition); testing methanation unit performance in different operating conditions oftemperature, pressure, inlet flows, typical of the implementation in Power To Gas (start up, shutdown, stand-by e idle); testing of upgrading methodologies (e.g. membranes); evaluating hybrid
systems of energy storage.
The energy storage will guarantee the balancing of the grid, a greater seasonal storage
capacity and, at the same time, will encourage the penetration of RES in energy-intensive sectors,
including transport and industrial sectors.
Batteries are a key enabler for renewable energy sources full deployment and for
decarbonization. Among all electrochemical energy storage technologies, Li-ion batteries are themore advanced and promising; they already have been a game changer in the portable electronic
market and they have a pivotal role in the “full-electrification revolution”. As European ETIP
Batteries Europe claims 1 : “within this decade, where it is technologically and economically1

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/technology-and-innovation/batteries-europe/news-articles-and-publications/sra_en141viable, everything that can be electrified will be electrified, thus making battery technology oneof the most important key enablers for the green energy transition facilitating existing and newtechnologies”
The main contributor to the rising demand for Li-ion batteries is the electric vehicle (EV)market. The stationary storage market is also expected to experience significant growth in thenext decades. The total global battery demand is expected to reach nearly 1,000 GWh per yearby 2025 and exceed 2,600 GWh by 2030. 2 In Europe, the demand for EV batteries is expected
to surpass 200 GWh per year by 2023 and reach around 400 GWh by 2028, creating at least 3-4
million jobs in the process. 3
Battery technologies have a wide range of solutions at different readiness level, often called“generations” enlisted in the following table.
Battery
Generation
Gen 1
Gen 2aGen 2bGen 3aGen 3b
Gen 4aGen 4b
Gen 4cGen 5

Electrodes active materials
•
•
•
•
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Cell Chemistry / Type

Cathode: LFP, NCA
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC111
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC523 to NMC 622
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC622 to NMC 811
Anode: carbon (graphite) + silicon content (5-10%)
Cathode: HE-NMC, HVS (high-voltage spinel)
Anode: silicon/carbon
Cathode NMC
Anode Si/C
Solid electrolyte
Cathode NMC
Anode: lithium metal
Solid electrolyte
Cathode: HE-NMC, HVS (high-voltage spinel)
Anode: lithium metal
Solid electrolyte
Li|O2 – lithium air / metal air
Conversion materials (primarily Li|S)
new ion-based systems (Na, Mg or Al)

Forecast market
deployment

Li-ion Cell

current

Li-ion Cell

current

Li-ion Cell

current

Optimised Li-ion

2020

Optimised Li-ion

2025

Solid state Li-ion

2025

Solid state Li metal>2025

Advanced solid state2030

New cell gen: metal-air/conversion chemistries / new
ion-based insertion chemistries>2030

R&D activities are carried out on all the different generations: from the next-to-market
generations to the already well positioned or the far in the future ones. Improvements can beaimed in many aspects of the battery value chain and on the sustainability or performances sides.
ENEA activities on storage systems are focused on innovative batteries development:
research program intends to pursue the entire battery value chain, from the development of newbattery materials to new battery systems, from cradle to grave. ENEA’s research on advanced
materials for batteries aims at having more sustainable, performing, and safer materials.
Throughout Italian and European funded projects, ENEA’s research laboratories work on parallel
topics:• Lithium-rich cathode materials• Intrinsically safer electrolytes, such as ionic liquid based or solid polymer electrolytes• More eco-friendly components as water-soluble binders• Fluorine-free separators• Nanostructured silicon-based and graphene-based anodes• Material synthesis optimization and scaling-up at a pre-industrial scale• New battery chemistries, such as Na-ion or Li|S or multivalent ion batteries.
• Smart sensors development and their integration within the battery system.
2
World Economic Forum, M. analysis. A Vision for a Sustainable Battery Value Chain in 2030 Unlocking the Full Potential to Power Sustainable Development and Climate
Change Mitigation. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Vision_for_a_Sustainable_Battery_Value_Chain_in_2030_Report.pdf (2019)3https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/our-work/opinions-information-reports/opinions/strategic-action-plan-batteries-report142In addition to the study and design of specific technologies (e.g., CSP, PV, etc.), ENEA is
involved in R&D activities related to the development of technological application forsupporting integration of RES into the energy systems and maximizing their penetration thanks
to an increased efficiency in energy resources use. In this scope, ENEA designs and implements
innovative Energy Management Systems (EMSs) in the context of local multi-carrier energy
systems - in presence of a variety of heat and power technologies as generation, conversion, andstorage systems, and/or in presence of plug-in EVs, which can operate in both G2V and V2Gmodes - with the aim of satisfying the multi-energy demand of a user or group of users indynamic conditions. Thanks to advanced programming techniques AI based, these EMSs may
not only smartly manage local assets, according to multi-objective functions aiming at enabling
the optimal operating conditions into a specific network (e.g., electrical, gas, etc.), but also
smartly coordinate, as a unique energy system, the several networks and multiple energy carriers
integrated into the system. Therefore, going beyond the smart grid concept, these new generationof EMSs enable the smart energy networks, complex energy infrastructures characterized by ahigh level of integration between all networks of energy carriers, coupling electrical networks
with gas networks, heating, and cooling, supported by energy storage and conversion processes.
In addition to EMSs solutions, ENEA is fully committed within research activities regarding
Smart Grids and Smart Energy Networks by designing and developing innovativetechnologies and applications for the smart management and control of power grids and energy
networks, and local and renewable energy communities. Besides EMSs, ENEA deals with theresearch on sustainability. In general, sustainability assessment is a field not strictly related tothe design of a specific technology, but it is rather a service provided to energy and transport
related technologies aimed at assessing their sustainability. In particular, the general goal of these
activities consists in verifying the potential contribution of the technologies developed inreaching the sustainability targets set by policies and research programs with the aim ofcontributing to their improvement with an eco-design approach. In this context, ENEA researchaims at developing a technology neutral methodology for the assessment of energy and transport
related technologies and setting up an integrated knowledge and data system. The most recent
technologies assessed in terms of sustainability are: agrivoltaic, CSP, biofuels, solid bioenergy,
biogas and biomethane, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, batteries, cement, and steel with a focus oncarbon capture.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the strength of ENEA stands in its ability to develop
technologies, processes, components, and systems for the safe and efficient exploitation of RES
by the view of carbon neutrality of the energy system. Within this framework ENEA can perform
in-depth analyses to uncover the technical, organizational, social, and financial barriers faced bydifferent stakeholders, helping to identify and strengthen energy programs. Moreover, ENEA is
involved in a series of crosscutting research activities concerning socio-technical aspects toward
carbon neutrality with particular attention on social impacts, social acceptability of RES andcollective prosumership initiatives.
4. Specific projects
Some of the main national and international programmes/projects conducted by ENEA on the
topics addressed in the previous sectionare reported below:• National Fund for Electric System Research (RdS) ENEA - Ministry of EcologicalTransition (2022-2024, National Project): development of innovative hydrogentechnologies with impact on the electric national grid (i.e. power to gas for network andmicro-gas turbine operated in blending H2/natural gas, for grid flexibility); renewable
technologies to increase the flexibility of the grid (CSP); technologies and system forenergy storage (electrochemical and thermal) focusing on advanced battery materials

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development; high-efficiency solar cells and innovative materials for PV applications;development of smart grids, CCUS, energy communities, Cyber Security, etc.. ENEA
funding 74 M€.
National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Hydrogen R&D - Ministry of EcologicalTransition (2022-2025, National Project): research activities on hydrogen to promoteinterdisciplinary and multidisciplinary interactions through the sharing of knowledge,
skills, experiences, infrastructures and networks of laboratories in order to contribute to
the increase of qualified critical mass and to the pursuit of objectives challenges.
This project is organized into the following thematic areas:- Production of green and clean hydrogen- Innovative technologies for the hydrogen storage and distribution and its
transformation into derivatives and e-fuels- Fuel Cells- Digitalization of Hydrogen-based infrastructures.
ENEA funding 75 M€
IPCEI Hy2Tech (2023-2028, EU Project) development of pilot lines and innovativelaboratories and experimental facilities to support research and innovation and firstindustrial deployment in the hydrogen technology value chain. ENEA funding 52 M€
VIBERLAB (2021-2024, EU project) "Fully connected virtual and physical perovskite
photovoltaics Lab". Best practices and actions for promoting the development of
perovskite PV technology in Europe and promote technology transfer to industry. Project
Funding: 5.5 M€ - ENEA Funding: 376.6 k€
CUSTOM-ART (2020-2024, EU Project): development of a new generation of flexible
thin film PV modules based on kesterites to be used for BIPV. - Project Funding: 7.0 M€- ENEA Funding: 216.0 k€.
MINERVA (2022-2023, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Economic
Development: this project is starting with the objective to optimize the performance ofsilicon-based PV modules by implementing non-conventional materials and innovative
processes in the production line. - Project Funding: 4.6 M€ - ENEA Funding: 551.0 k€.
NAUTILUS (2022-2023, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Economic
Development: this project is starting with the objective to implement new concept in the
production of silicon-heterojunction PV modules - Project Funding: 6.7 M€ - ENEA
Funding: 398.4 k€.
TANDEM (2022-2025 National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of EcologicalTransition: The target of the project is the creation of production systems for the
fabrication of tandem solar cells - Project Funding:1,745 M€ - ENEA 337.5 k€.
TANGO “ITaliAN PV Giga factOry” (2022-2025, National Project - Contratto di
Sviluppo Industriale – Innovation Found): supporting, with an R&D action, the Enel GP
factory for the implementation of module production up to 3 GW PV modules (siliconheterojuntion solar cell technology) and development of the tandem configuration toensure future competitiveness of the factory's products on the international marketProject Funding: 30 M€ - ENEA Funding: 2.1 M€.
PHOTORAMA (2021-2024, EU Project): project for photovoltaic waste management
and advanced technologies for recovery & recycling of secondary raw materials end-oflife module and for module ecodesign. Project Funding: 10.5 M€ - ENEA Funding:
400,133.75.
GoPV (2022-2025, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of EcologicalTransition: The project aims to study innovative materials that can contribute to thedevelopment of a high-efficiency, tandem PV technology, reliable over time and that uses
sustainable raw materials free from availability problems. Project Funding: 5 M€ - ENEA

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Funding: 1.6 M€.
SYMBIOSYST (2022-2025, EU Project): the project will fully exploit all the degrees of
freedom and potential provided by the synergy between land & crop and open or closed
agri-PV systems. The ambition is to create a fully integrated solution, from the design tothe implementation, a symbiosis where PV and agriculture can have a mutually beneficial
relationship. Project Funding: 5 M€ - ENEA Funding: 242 k€.
MARTA (2022-2025, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Economic
Development: The target of the project is the monitoring and advanced management ofphotovoltaic systems. Project Funding: M€ 7 - ENEA Funding: 2.1 M€.
EuroPaTMoS (2020-2023, EU project): developing, testing and qualifying criticalcomponents of Parabolic Trough/Molten Salts plants, with the aim of accelerating thetransfer from R&D to commercial deployment by reducing technology risks and costs –Project funding: 3.4 M€, ENEA funding:0.315 M€.
SolarGrid (2020-2022, National project): developing CSP and PV systems with storage
for cogeneration and network flexibility - Project funding: 9.2 M€, ENEA funding: 1.6
M€.
SALTOPower (2022-2025 EU Project): creation of a Reference European Facility forthe development and testing of molten salt based technologies solutions for the energy
storage and dispatchable power generation - Project funding 1,499 M€ - ENEA funding
447 k€.
Joint Cooperation ENI-ENEA (2022-2025 National Project): evaluation, on a pilot
scale, of the coupling of CSP/CSH systems with thermal storage systems and theiroperation; analysis of possible applications in the industrial sector - ENEA funding 600
k€.
CST4ALL (2022-2025 EU Project): supporting the creation of strong and sustainablenetworks between CSP and other relevant technology areas covered through the SET
Plan to enable efficient and direct cooperation among stakeholders. Project funding
559.529 k€, ENEA funding 50.625 k€.
SFERA III (2019-2022, EU project): supporting the European advanced Solar Facilities
to ensure their long-term sustainability through networking, transnational access andjoint research activities - Project funding: 9.10 M€ - ENEA funding: 0.85 M€).
BRISK II (2017-2022 EU Project): (2017-2022 EU Project): Biofuels Research
Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge. Project funding: 9.9 M€ - ENEA funding: 583 k€
PIBE (2019-2021 Regional Project): Integrated National Infrastructure for bioenergy,
biorefinery and green chemistry. PIBE is a project cofounded by Basilicata Region andaims at the development of innovative processes for the conversion of biomass into liquidand gaseous biofuels for transport, biolubrificants, green chemicals, power and heat.
Project funding: 10.0 M€ ENEA funding 10.0 M€, financial contribution from Basilicata
Region 5.0 M€.
EMERA (2022-2025, Regional project): development of an efficient micro energy
networks powered by only RES for the autonomy and independence of rural areas fromthe centralized system. Project funding 3.57 M€ – ENEA funding: 392 k€;
RECOVERY (2022-2025, National project): energy valorization of residual materials
coming from the agro-food industry (e.g., sewage sludge, digestate, and putrescible
surplus materials) through syngas from gasification for self-production and selfconsumption of electricity. Project funding € 1.38 M€ - ENEA funding: 570 k€;
WW-Green Fuel (2022-2025, National project): development of gasification process(dry and SCWG) for the exploitation of large-scale biomass and production of liquefied
SNG. Project funding € 8.8 M€ - ENEA funding: 1.62 M€;

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PROMETEO (2021-2023, EU project): producing green hydrogen from renewable heat
& power sources by high temperature electrolysis in areas of low electricity prices
associated to photovoltaic or wind. Project Funding: 2.5 M€ - ENEA Funding: 416 k€
WASTE2WATTS (2019-2021 EU Project): use of biogas for fuel cell supply;
WASTE2WATTS: Project Funding: 1.6 M€ - ENEA Funding: 155 k€;
BLAZE (2019-2023): development of a Low cost, Advanced and Zero Emission CHP
production based on an innovative gasification process of low grade biomass andbiowaste feedstocks, integrated with a high-performance HT fuel cells; Project Funding:
4.2 M€ - ENEA Funding: 210 k€;
SO-FREE (2021-2023 EU Project): development of a fully future-ready solid oxide fuelcell (SOFC)-based system for combined heat and power (CHP) generation for efficient,near-zero-emission, fuel-flexible and truly modular power and heat supply. Project
Funding: 2.7 - ENEA Funding: 324 k€;
REACTT (2021-2023, EU Project): realize a Monitoring, Diagnostic, Prognostic andControl Tool (MDPC) for Solid Oxide Electrolysers and Reversible SOC stacks andsystems - Project Funding: 2.7 M€ - ENEA Funding: 128 k€;
3BeLiEVe (2020-2022, EU Project) coordinated by AIT (Austrian Institute ofTechnology) with the scope of strengthen the position of the European battery andautomotive industry in the future xEV market by delivering the next generation of battery
cells, designed, and made in Europe, for the electrified vehicles market of 2025 andbeyond - Project Funding: 10.8 M€ - ENEA Funding: 298 k€;
BATTERY2030PLUS (2020-2022, EU Project): lays on the path started by the longterm research initiative “Battery 2030+” and the related roadmap. It is a CSA with theaim to coordinate and monitor the research activities contributing to the large-scale
research initiative on Future Battery Technologies, BATTERY 2030+. The project,
coordinated by University of Uppsala (Sweden) will update continuously the BATTERY
2030+ roadmap, contributing to competence building and strengthening the battery
community by facilitating communication, dialogue and cooperation on cross-cutting
topics. The consortium is built on the most active European research organizations anduniversities - Project Funding: 2 M€ - ENEA Funding: 21 k€.
StoRIES (2021-2025, EU Project): Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System: themain objectives of StoRIES are linked to the energy storage development by providing
access to world-class research infrastructures and services, with a focus on improving
materials for devices and optimizing hybrid energy systems with a view to make energy
technologies more competitive and reducing costs. Project funding: 7.0 M€, ENEA
funding: 0.3 M€.
EuBatIn – IPCEI on Batteries (2022-2027, EU Project) The “German leaded
Important project of Common European Interest” has many Member States involved and
ENEA is one of the Italian participants. ENEA role is to develop new-concept batteries
suitable of being transformed into an industrial product and optimize recycling in linewith circular economy approach. The aim is to fill the gap between the lab-scale and theinstallation and production problems at a pilot plant level to assist the industry upon thefirst industrial deployment stage. ENEA funding 27.0 M€.
GICO (2020-2024 EU Project). Gasification Integrated with carbon capture andcOnversion. ENEA is responsible for the H2 production and CO2 capturing processes
from gasification of biomass residues and valorization of carbon by means of plasma
catalysis. Project funding: 3.9 M€ - ENEA funding 532.7 k€.
ECCSELERATE (2020-2022 EU Project). Facility Owner in the H2020
ECCSELERATE project (Grant N. 871143). Scientific responsible for increasing the useof ZECOMIX research infrastructure and ensuring its long-term sustainable operation

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within industrial and scientific community. Project funding: 4.9 M€ - ENEA participates
as facility owner of the research infrastructure ZECOMIX and will be funded via
transnational access of industries or academia.
Sisal (2021-2023 EU Project). Within the European Project SISAL, that is funding by
the European Innovation Technology (EIT) Raw Material, ENEA is scientific responsible
for the design of a fluidized bed reactor for providing CO2 in a process for recovering
Silicon from industrial residues. Project funding: 4.8 M€ - ENEA funding 664 k€.
ChemPGM (2021-2025 EU Project). Reuse of platinum-group metals, recovered fromspent catalysts or from e-waste as catalysts for CO2 valorization processes (e.g., reverse
water gas shift, methanation, dry reforming of methane).
Project funding: 736 k€ ENEA funding 110 k€.
ECCSELENT (2022-2025, NextGenerationEU project) The goal of the project is thestrengthening of the ECCSEL-ERIC infrastructures in Italy to increase the ability of the
Italian Network and cover all the needs of the users for the successful deployment of
CCUS technologies in Italy and Europe. Project Funding: 20.167 M€ - ENEA Funding
2.0 M€.
ZEPHYRUS (2021-2023, Italian National Project): (Zero Emission Process for
Hydrogen production via Reversible Use of CO2 sorbents). The goal of the project is the
production of the green hydrogen from biomass gasification intensified with CO2 capture
by means of solid sorbents. Project Funding: 144.0 k€ - ENEA Funding: 6.6 k€.
eNeuron (2020-2023, EU Project): development of innovative tools for the optimal
design and operation of Local Energy Communities integrating distributed generationand multiple energy carriers at different scales - Project Funding: 5.7 M€ - ENEA
Funding: 487.0 k€.
AMBIENCE (2019-2022, EU Project): methodologies for extending the concept ofenergy performance contracting for active building and making the model available andattractive to a wider range of building typologies - Project Funding: 2.0 M€ - ENEA
Funding: 196.0 k€.
ComESto (2018-2022, National Project) funded by the Italian Ministry of Education,
University and Research: creation of an Energy Storage Community integrating
distributed generation and storage systems at different scales by managing all the
resources as a whole to increase the potential benefits for the different actors involved. Project Funding: 10.0 M€ - ENEA Funding: 1.0 M€.
COME RES (2020–2023, EU project): facilitate the market uptake of RE systems in theelectricity sector through the mainstreaming of community energy, particularly
renewable energy communities (REC) and thus to increase the share of renewable energy
in the European energy balance - Project funding: 3.0 M€, ENEA funding: 123.0 k€.
ENTRANCES (2020–2023, EU project): investigating the challenges facing carbonintensive regions in transition hinging on the idea that the transition to clean energy
should not be considered only as a technological change or an industrial shift but also asocio-economic-psychological process that affects the daily life of local communities Project funding: 3.0 M€, ENEA funding: 194.0 k€.
Three projects in the framework of Mission Innovation international initiative, funded by
Italian Ministry of Economic Development (2020 – 2024, National Fund).
1) Italian Energy Materials Acceleration Platform – IEMAP: The project aims tobuild an innovative platform dedicated to materials for energy with application inelectrochemical storage, electrolysers and photovoltaics. In particular, the project liesin the “Clean Energy Material Challenge” (Mission Innovation IC6). Project funding:
8,6 M€, ENEA funding: 4.6 M€.
2) Multivector Integrated Smart Systems and Intelligent Microgrids for147

accelerating the energy transitiON - MISSION. The project aims to develop two
smart grid demonstrators - microgrid size, full scale and multi-vector - located,
respectively, at the CR ENEA in Portici (Smart Energy Microgrid ENEA) and the RSE
offices in Milan and Piacenza (Extension multi-energy of the Distributed Energy
Resources Test Facility RSE). The project will also study, design and implement
technological solutions enabling the transition of networks towards integrated and smart
multi-energy distribution systems. Project funding: 9.7 M€, ENEA funding: 3.6 M€.
3) Hydrogen demo Valley. The project addresses the creation of an infrastructural hub
for testing and demonstration of hydrogen technologies covering production, storage,
distribution and utilisation of hydrogen and blends of natural gas and hydrogen, for theenergy, industrial and transport sectors. The multifunctional infrastructure would be
implemented in the Casaccia Research Centre of ENEA, to act as a breeding ground forhydrogen value chain technologies and services with the aim of accelerating theirdeployment in view of the energy transition and overall decarbonisation. Projectfunding: 17.5 M€, ENEA funding: 13.8 M€.
5. International collaboration
ENEA is present in the clean energy sector as a highly qualified player dealing with key national,
EU and international initiatives. Furthermore, ENEA has concluded several comprehensive andspecific cooperation agreements and MOUs with research institutes, universities and industrial
stakeholders to promote research and technology transfer to industry aimed at the energy systemde-carbonization.
As an example, within the EU-funded project SFERA III, ENEA is involved in: (i) networking
activities to develop the cooperation between research infrastructures, scientific community,
industries and other stakeholders in the field of CSP technology; (ii) transnational accessactivities aiming at providing access to all European researchers from both academia andindustry to singular scientific and technological solar research infrastructures; and (iii) joint
research activities whose purpose is to improve the integrated services provided by the
infrastructure.
The same approach is followed by the ECCSEL and StoRIES projects: ENEA is a full memberof the European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure (ECCSEL, theEuropean Research Infrastructure on CO2 Capture, Use and Storage). With the participation to
the ECCSEL (European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory) consortium, ENEA
will have the opportunity to access to (i) national and regional funds for building new researchfacilities on advanced CCUS technologies; (ii) transnational access activities aiming at providing
access to all European industry and academia to an ecosystem of CCUS technologies. Referringto the StoRIES (Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System) project, the main objectives arelinked to the energy storage development by providing access to world-class European research
infrastructures and services, with a focus on improving materials for devices and optimizing
hybrid energy systems.
ENEA covers a key role within the International Initiative of Mission Innovation (MI), which isa global initiative of 24 countries and the European Union aiming at dramatically accelerate
global clean energy innovation. As part of the initiative, participating countries have committed
to double their governments’ clean energy research and development investments over five years,
while encouraging greater levels of private sector investment in clean energy technologies. The
MI actions are based on eight Innovation Challenges (IC), which consist of a global network ofpolicymakers, scientists and innovators working towards a common objective, and cover theentire spectrum of R&D, from early-stage research to technology demonstration projects. Italy
has endorsed all the IC and ENEA received fund from the national government in the following

148sectors:- Smart Grid Innovation Challenge (#1) aiming at enabling future grids that are powered byaffordable, reliable, decentralised renewable electricity systems.
- Clean Energy Materials Innovation Challenge (#6) aiming at accelerating the advancedenergy materials discovery by integrating high-throughput methods with artificial
intelligence.
- Renewable and Clean Hydrogen Innovation Challenge (#8) aiming at accelerating thedevelopment of a global hydrogen market by identifying and overcoming key technology
barriers to the production, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen at gigawatt scale.
Mission Innovation 2.0, launched on 2 June 2021, is catalysing a decade of action and investment
in research, development and demonstration to make clean energy affordable, attractive andaccessible for all. This will accelerate progress towards the Paris Agreement goals and pathways
to net zero.
The challenge of "Clean Hydrogen Mission", under the umbrella of Mission Innovation 2.0, is
to demonstrate the clean hydrogen has the potential to decarbonise hard to abate sectors, such asindustry and heat, which are responsible for two thirds of global emissions and help unlock thefull potential of renewable energy. However, today it is up to three times more expensive thanhydrogen produced directly from fossil fuels.
The Goal is to increase the cost-competitiveness of clean hydrogen by reducing end-to-end costs
to USD 2 per kilogram by 2030.
The mission is focused on the goal to catalyse cost reductions by increasing research anddevelopment in hydrogen technologies and industrial processes and delivering at least 100
hydrogen valleys covering production, storage and end-use worldwide by 2030, to unleash a
global clean hydrogen economy.
ENEA is also present, as Italian representative, in numerous intergovernmental bodies,
regulatory bodies and international initiatives aimed at promoting the development of clean
energies.
Regarding the photovoltaic topic, ENEA is involved in:• Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) “Photovoltaic Power System” (PVPS) of IEA
with activities in several tasks (task 1 “Strategic PV analysis & outreach, task 15“Enabling framework for BIPV acceleration”, task 12 “PV sustainability”; Task 14 “Highpenetration of PV systems in electricity grids”.).
• European Energy Research Alliance Joint Programme Photovoltaic Solar Energy (EERA
JP PV) that has the objective to accelerate the development of Photovoltaic Solar Energy
towards an energy technology that can be implemented at a very large scale through Joint
Programming activities by key research institutes in Europe.
• All the working groups of the European Technology and Innovation Platform for
Photovoltaics (ETIP PV).
Regarding the Concentrated Solar Thermal topic ENEA participates in:• IEA-SolarPACES TCP (Task 1-6).
• IEA-SHC TCP (Solar Heating and Cooling), Task 64 “Solar Process Heat”.
• IEA-Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems.
• EERA JP on CSP (with coordination of the SP3 - Thermal Energy Storage for CSP plants).
• ESTELA (European Solar Thermal Electricity Association)•
In the context of hydrogen value chain ENEA:

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Is member of IEA-Hydrogen, IEA-FC and IEA-SolarPACES Technology
Collaborative Programmes;
Is member of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking(FCH JU);Coordinates the EERA Joint Programme on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen;
Contributes actively to the standardization of procedures in testing, installation, operationand life cycle assessment of fuel cell technologies within the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Technical Committee 105.

Regarding the Energy Storage topic ENEA participates to:• Joint Programme on Energy Storage (coordinating the Electrochemical Energy Storage
Sub-Programme) in EERA.
• Working groups of the European Technology and Innovation Platform (ETIP) Batteries
Europe, that covers holistically the entire battery value chain, with an important role astechnical expert within the management board and secretariat.
• Battery 2030+ initiative, in order to pave the way for the batteries of the future.
• Recently ENEA also joined BEPA, the Batteries European Partnership Association(BEPA), confirming its commitment to improve the competitiveness of the European
battery industry. Counting more than 160 members, BEPA is a leading association
dedicated to create a competitive, sustainable and circular European industrial battery
value chain for stationary applications and e-mobility. The BEPA goals are to prepare
Europe to manufacture and commercialize by 2030 the next-generation battery
technologies that will enable the rollout of the zero-emission mobility and renewableenergy storage. BEPA represents the private side association of the BATT4EU
Partnerships, the co-programmed partnership on batteries launched by the European
Commission under Horizon Europe. The partnership will mobilise more 925 million
euros, to boost European research and innovation in the battery sector.
• IEA-ES TCP (Energy Storage), Task 33 “Material and component development forthermal energy storage”, Task 34 “Energy storage with heat pumps - Comfort&Climatebox”, Task 36 “Carnot batteries”.
ENEA is also Italian representative in several international networks related to bioenergy andbioresources such as:• IEA Bioenergy Task 33 “Gasification of biomass and waste;• IEA Bioenergy Task 42 “Biorefining in a Circular Economy”;• The European Alliance for excellent research in sustainable bioenergy (EERA
Bioenergy)• Bio-based Industries Joint Technology Initiative (BBI-JTI).
In the context of CCUS, ENEA acts as Italian observer in IC3 (Carbon Capture that is focusedon the development of carbon capture technologies and negative CO2 emissions technologies)
and participates:••

In steering committee of the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel.
Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) of IEA on Industrial and Energy related
technologies and Systems (IETS) with activities on task 21 “Decarbonizing industrial
systems in a circular economy framework” and subtask C: “Industrial carbon
technologies and systems”.
Member of the Joint Programme of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) on
CCS technologies.

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ENEA is also involved in several European and International initiatives in the field of Smart
Grids:• IEA (International Energy Agency) Task 11 “PV Hybrid systems within mini-grids”• IEA Task 14 “High penetration of PV systems in electricity grids”.
• IEA Task 18 “Off-Grid and Edge-of-Grid Photovoltaic Systems”.
• IEC (International Electro-technical Commission), TC 82 “Solar photovoltaic energy
systems”.
• IEEE IES Industrial Energy Society TC on Smart Grids.
• Working Group (WG) EU PV Technology Platform (EUPVTP), Grid Integration(www.eupvplatform.org/about-pv-platform/ad-hoc-working-group-4.html).
• Joint Programme “Smart Grid” in EERA - European Energy Research Alliance. ENEA
is the vice coordinator of Joint Programme on Smart Grids within the European Energy
Research Alliance.
• Working Groups Mission Innovation 2.0 Power Mission (Pillar 1: Affordable andReliable VRE - Pillar 2: System Flexibility and Market Design - Pillar 3: System
Integration, Data and Digitalization).
• SET Plan Implementation Working Group (IWG) on HVDC
6. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
With specific reference to each technology within the range of main ENEA R&D activities, thefollowing key innovation challenges are identified to be addressed in the near future from an
R&D perspective:•••

CSP-TES systems can play a relevant role in supporting the penetration of nonprogrammable renewable sources in the energy system, thanks to the possibility ofefficiently and cost-effectively store thermal energy for long periods and in large scales.
In this regard, the use of hybridized CSP-PV technology can be considered as a strategic
solution both to i) provide low-cost electricity during the day while ensuring theelectricity generation also in absence of the solar source, ii) use the excess electricity
generated by photovoltaic systems to heat the storage systems of CSP plants, thus
contributing to the grid stability and obtaining cost savings thanks to the reduction ofancillary services. ENEA is actively involved in this field of research, with the aim ofidentifying technical solution to reduce installation and operation costs of the plants,
simplify operation and increase the components’ reliability and life-time. Anotherrelevant perspective for the consolidation of CST technology is the expected expansionof the SHIP market to address the decarbonisation of the industrial sector. In this regard,
the main challenge is the development of cost-effective, modular, compact CST solutions,
easily to install and integrate with the current industrial processes. In this field, ENEA is
working on the on the optimization, also through the hybridization at the thermal storagelevel with the photovoltaic system, of CST plants integrated with endothermic processes.
Photovoltaic: demonstration of very-high efficiency and large-scale manufacturing
technology for a PV system cost reduction of about 60% compared to the current cost.
Pervasive presence of PV System by means of smart integration and synergies requiring
innovative and collaborative efforts with building and agricultural industries. Deep
digitalization of PV module and systems providing both energy and environment control
facilitating the widening of PV applications. Completely and easily recyclable PV
modules through the innovative eco-design developments.
Energy and biofuel from biomass are expected to give an important contribution
towards the achievement of the carbon neutrality by 2050. On this regard ENEA activity
related to gasification will in particular concern the topic of hydrogen production and151

integration with discontinuous RES. Efforts will be directed to increase the TRLs value
towards the achievement of technological readiness for commercialization. Specificitems will be:o Development of processes for green hydrogen production from biomass andbiowaste at cost comparable with that from fossil fuel, i.e., steam reforming of
natural gas (around 5 €/kgH2).
o Electricity production cost below 0.10 €/kWh by exploiting feedstocks of lowgrade and using highly efficient chemical energy conversion systems, withpossible integration with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).
o Integration of gasification with intermittent RES, such as solar PV and wind, as a
key technology for energy storage and grid stabilization.
Within this subject, additional activity will concern the evaluation of integrating syngas
production with green hydrogen to produce light biofuels (e.g., SNG, MeOH, DME) as
a way for chemical storage of H2.
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Hydrogen: green hydrogen and electrolysis technologies will be the main drivers forenergy transition in Europe and most likely worldwide. This statement implies that the
integration between renewable energy sources (mainly solar and wind) and hydrogenproduction, distribution and storage systems will have to be more and more effective andreliable, this will be realized only with synchronized effort of research and industrial
compartments. ENEA research programs and activities aim to tackle these issues
providing suitable solutions to the industrial sectors involved, and the implementation of
the first Italian hydrogen valley in ENEA (in the context of Mission Innovation initiative,
Challenge # 8 – clean and Renewable Hydrogen) will represent the first step to a more
resilient and reliable energy system.
Hydrogen final use/Fuel Cell: the SOC is a high-temperature technology, operating at
600-800°C, and which is the reason for the high conversion efficiencies in both operating
modes. It is especially promising in industrial contexts, where steam or hydrogen can beavailable as a process stream and can be directed towards the generation or the use ofhydrogen for power production at unmatched efficiencies in an SOC.
With their working flexibly, the SOC can give rise to innovative business propositions
where price arbitrage of renewable power connected to the grid can provide adequate
revenue streams, or where energy communities want to progressively emancipate
themselves from grid connection.
ENEA is active on all these fronts, exploring technical feasibility, sustainability, system
integration and business opportunities. ENEA has built up a comprehensive network of
research and industrial partners in this process, articulated in a number of European
projects.
Hydrogen final use/gas turbine: the recent European roadmap on gas turbines,
developed within the Clean Hydrogen Energy association to be transferred into the“Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda” (SRIA 2020), has identified some goals that
require also low TRL activities:
o development of fuel-flexible retrofit solution for existing power plants;o research on combustion physics and dynamics for pure hydrogen and hydrogen
blends (ammonia included) at gas turbine relevant conditions (TRL 2-3);
o development and demonstration of highly flexible combustion systems (0-100%
H2);
o development and demonstration of innovative and advanced solutions up to theircommercialization.

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ENEA is going to develop the on-going fundamental studies on hydrogen blends
combustion especially adopting the EGR strategy, by performing accurate fluid-dynamic
numerical simulations and experiments at both laboratory and micro-gasturbine scale.
Ammonia/hydrogen blends will be also investigated by means of numerical simulations
and lab scale experimental diagnostics. Special attention will be given to NOx formationand how to limit it, and to real-time monitoring of combustion for instability precursor
identification. The topics will cover both the power generation and the aeronautic
transport sectors.
Batteries: ENEA has identified two main streams of key innovation challenges, from one
end the digitalization will be even more entangled to the batteries R&D, in many aspects
all over the value chain; on the other end, in order to foster the national and European
battery industry, it will be of capital importance to bridge the gap between fundamental
research and first industrial deployment. These to aspect will be covered in ENEA by the
new projects like IPCEI and Mission Innovation Challenge 6, but also will benefit fromthe long-lasting experience brought by the national and European projects so far.
Moreover, in ENEA the hybridization keyword will be of paramount interest for the
Department for Energy Technologies and Renewables on gather synergistically theenergy storage expertise in their wider declination, as in the StoRIES network.
CCUS: The perspective of ENEA is to enhance research capabilities in all fields of CCUS
covering both power generation and industrial processes (i.e., iron and steel, refining,chemicals, gas processing, biofuels) and establish a crucial link with industry, otherresearch organizations and SME. It will be crucial to increase the involvement in ongoing
industrial CCUS projects. The future perspectives of ENEA in the field of carbon
neutrality are: (i) to optimize services provided by research infrastructures to its
stakeholders and industrial and scientific user groups through planned dialogues withtargeted industrial sectors and the research community; (ii) to identify industrial researchneeds and select advanced solutions for CCUS to actively engage industry and researchorganizations.
CCUS/Methanation: the activities on PtG and on methanation for the conversion of
captured CO2, either from power plants or from carbon-intensive industries to awidespread marketable product, such as methane, are in line with the EU strategies
addressed to create new markets for innovative industrial sectors; diversify the economic
base in carbon-intensive regions; contribute to achieving a Circular Economy.
Future challenges in the technology are related to testing and developing of different
processes of hydrogen production in P2G application (Alkaline, PEM, SOEC, etc.), to
operation flexibility in terms of variable power supply and fast load variations keeping
high efficiencies. Also range-ability and stand-by behavior is a point of attention. About
methanation one direction of development focuses on the adaptability to various carbon
sources (dac, biogas, syngas, effluents from EII, etc.) while other sectors deal withcatalysts (different basis Ni, Ru…, different concepts bulk, monolith, foams, structure,etc.), new concepts for reactors (compactness, flexibility, range ability) and location: “insitu” and “ex situ” for biological reactors.
Smart Sector Integration: the perspective of ENEA is to enhance research capabilities
in the field of smart sector integration. More in detail, activities will focus on design,development, and testing of solutions for enabling smart sector integration in order toreach a more resilient energy system based on the diversification of primary energy
sources, a prevalent presence of renewables-based energy sources and digitalization ofenergy networks, thus addressing both decarbonization and digitalization needs.
Research activities will provide also prototypes of technologies for smart sector
integration (i.e., technologies for promoting smart energy flows exchange among

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different sectors or networks, considering the different and mutually exchangeable formsof energy supply and their final use, also through physical and cyber-physical systems
interconnected on the networks). Prototyping actions will be developed for thosetechnologies which slow down the decarbonization of energy networks due to an energy
market gap.
Energy Management/control systems for Smart Grid Operation must be capable ofcoordinating both the energy demand and consumption, by enhancing the use of
distributed and flexible resources in the energy intelligent systems at different scales andscenarios. The control strategy is a big issue to face when different prosumers arelinked/connected, especially when the energy flow has to be optimized according to theend users demand. For example, in the context of local integrated energy systems asenergy communities with multiple prosumers sharing energy to satisfy their needs,
management and control algorithms should be based on multi-agent approaches(centralized, decentralized, cooperative, non-cooperative) that would allow to consider
the perspective of prosumers in peer-to-peer energy sharing within the community.
However, the greater future challenges to be considered are interoperability issues, lackof standardization (several devices coordinated by each EMS use different
communication protocols) and difficulty to manage networks in charge of different
providers (e.g., gas network, electrical network, etc.).
The most important challenge to be faced in the environmental sustainability
assessment of energy and transport systems and technologies lays in the application in
full of the LCA principles of comprehensiveness (both in the life cycle stages and impact
categories analyzed) to avoid trade-offs among different areas of environmental concern
or life cycle stages. An additional challenge is the enlargement of the sustainability
assessment to the economic and social aspects, to fully grasp the impacts on the threepillars of sustainability. Expected international collaborations are on the sustainability
assessment methodological development, to the application of the methodologies tospecific case studies/technologies/ projects and the collaboration in defining standards,
developing tools and provide policy recommendations.
A common phenomenon among countries is the fact that the level of socio-politicalacceptability of RES is high, even where the government is not strongly supporting
renewable energy. However, at the same time, it is also common that opposition andprotest rise while these are often the only ways the public finds to give voice to its
concerns and needs. This phenomenon becomes particularly frequent at the local level
where place-identity implications come into play: the more space for public expressionof opinions get constrained by authorization procedures that do not include public spaceof information and participation, the more are RES projects and carbon neutrality
initiatives perceived as threats rather than opportunities. This leads to the following
research questions, which represent the future challenges for social acceptability issues:
to what extent are procedural justice, distributional justice and trust reflected andincorporated both in public and corporate governance, which concrete measures and tools
allow to effectively engage citizens, and overall, which are the main factors that improvesocial acceptability, according to this framework.

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Dr. Eng. Giorgio Graditi - PhD in Electrical Engineering / Director of the Departmentof Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources of ENEA (Italian National Agency
for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Italy.
He received the doctoral degree and the Laurea degree (cum laude) in ElectricalEngineering from the University of Palermo (Italy). From February 2022 is thecoordinator of ENEA activities and initiatives within National Recovery and Resilience
Plan, from April 2019, he is the President of MEDENER, Mediterranean Association of
National Agencies for Energy Management for energy efficiency and the development of
renewable energy sources, and from May 2019 is the Coordinator of the ScientificTechnical Committee of National Energy Technological Cluster under the Ministry of Education, University
and Research.
He is operating as Italian member for Mission Innovation Challenge 1 “Smart Grids” and Challenge 2 “Offgrid access to electricity”, and he is a member of the H2020 National Steering Board for the “Safe, Clean andEfficient Energy” Cluster, and member of the working group of the thematic area "Industrial Energy” for the“Climate, Energy and Sustainable Mobility” area set up by the Italian Ministry of University and Researchwithin the drafting of the national research plan 2020-2027.
He is the vice-coordinator of the Joint Programme on Smart Grid (JP SG) within European Energy Research
Alliance (EERA) and the responsible of many National and European (FP7, H2020) projects on the topics of
RES, integrated energy networks and smart grid. In 2017, he received the Italian National Scientific
Qualification as Full Professor in the sector of electrical energy engineering.
His main research interests are in: design, modelling and tools development for the control and managementof Smart Grids and microgrids in the presence of DER; energy conversion components and systems designand characterization; performance analysis of integrated energy networks by multi-objective techniques;design, modelling, and analysis of multi-energy hubs; management and operation optimization of local andrenewable energy communities; design, characterization and testing of concentrated solar power andphotovoltaic components and plants; technologies and uses of hydrogen; RES production and demand
forecasting based on artificial intelligence techniques.
He is also peer review, associated editor, member of editorial and advisory board of scientific journals, andchairman in international conference. He is also responsible of many R&D contract and agreement in theenergy sector with international and national stakeholders. He is author of scientific books and more than 250
scientific papers (with Scopus H-index 37) published in international journals and proceedings of international
conference most of them awarded as highly-cited papers.

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Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
European Project - VIBERLAB (Fully connected virtual and physical perovskite photovoltaics Lab)
The project wants to accelerate the development of perovskite PV technology in Europe and promote technology transfer to industry

Target / Goal Outcome- promote the collaboration between accademic and industrial researchers in order to favor the development of the next generation of solar cells
through facilitated access to various EU laboratories;- definition of the best practices in terms of fabrication and characterization of perovskite solar cells;- validate at lab and pre-industrial level the new PV technology.

Lead person / Organization

2021‐ 2024 (R&D span)
Renewable Energy

PV

H2020 Project - CUSTOM-ART (DISRUPTIVE KESTERITES-BASED THIN FILM TECHNOLOGIES CUSTOMISED FOR CHALLENGINGARCHITECTURAL AND ACTIVE URBAN FURNITURE APPLICATIONS) - Innovation Action- Efficiency > 20% on solar cell and 16% on modules;- Development of PV modules with lifetme oer 35 yars to be used in BIPV PIPV;- reduced production costs (< 75 euro /m2),

Alejandro Perez-Rodriguezl, IREC,
Spain/A. Mittiga (ENEA)

Renewable Energy-Implementation of materials and innovative processes in the production of silicon-based PV modules to optimize their performance.
-Development of bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells;-Development of Advanced Proces Control and Manufacturing Execution Systems.

Cosimo Gerardi, Enel (Italy)/ M. Tucci(ENEA)- ENEA - Research Institute.
- ENEL GP-Indusrty- RISE Technology - SME- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - Research Institute,1) Development of materials, processes, and architectures for the next generation of silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules;

Paola Delli Veneri and Mario Tucci/ENEA

2020‐ 2024(R&D span)

PV

Current

National Project -MINERVA (Materiali Innovativi, tecnologie e processi per prodotti a valore aggiunto) funded by Italian Ministry of Economic
Development
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

PV

ENEA - Research Institute, • ECOR, ECO RECYCLING SrL , SME, Italia（International）• IREC - FUNDACIÓ INSTITUT DE RECERCA EN ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA - Research Institute - Spain• TALT, TALLINNA TEHNIKAULIKOOL t - University - Estonia• IMEC, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM- Research Institute - Belgium• EMPA, EIDGENOESSISCHE MATERIALPRUEFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT- Research Institute - Switzerland• UOL, CARL VON OSSIETZKY UNIVERSITAET OLDENBURG - University- Germany• HZB, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FÜR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH - Research Institute - Germany;• OBU, OXFORD BROOKES , University, UK;• IPC, CENTRE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRIEL DE LA PLASTURGIE ET DES COMPOSITES - Research Institute- France;• UU, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET - University - Sweden:• CRYS, CRYSTALSOL OU -SME-Estonia;• IMRA, IMRA EUROPE SAS - SME-France;• AYESA, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SA- Industry-Spain;• SUN, SUNPLUGGED - SOLARE ENERGIESYSTEME GMBH - SME - Austria;• RESC, RESCOLL - SME- France;• KWS, Kunststoffverarbeitung Schiestl GesmbH -SME- Austria

Current

ENEA/Italy

Related information（International）:- CSEM - Research Institute -Switzerland- CEA: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - Research Institute - France- CENER -Research Institute-Spain- EPFL: Ecole Polytechnique Federalede Lausanne - University and Research Institute - Switzerland- HZB - Research Institute-Germany- Icares Consulting Becquerel Institute - Industry -Belgium- JONAS & REDMANN AUTOMATIONSTECHNIK GMBH - Indusry - Germany- TNO -Research Institute - The Netherland- FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.- Research Institute - Germany- IMEC - Research Institute - Belgium- FZJ - Research Institute - Germany-Swansea University Prifysgol Abertawe - United Kingdom

Current

ENEA/Italy

Partnership (if any)

Natalia Maticiuc (HZB- Germany)/ F.
Roca (ENEA)- ENEA - Research Institute,- University of Rome "Tor vegata"2021‐ 2023 (R&D span)

Current

National Project - Gigafactory funded by Italian Ministry of Economc Development.
This project is one of the actions that will support, with an R&D activity, the Enel GP factory for the production of 3 GW PV modules (silicon heterojuntion
solar cell technology). Other paralel projects, carried out by CNR, University of Catania, and IIT, will support the same industrial initiative.

2) Asses the potential of perovskite/slicon tandem solar cells as a possible approch for the next genaration of highly efficent slar cells.

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

PV2021 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

National Project - WOW-SUN (With or without sun) funded within P.O. FESR SICILIA 2014/2020 (national program).
The project aims to Increase the dispatchability of the electricity/heat produced from the solar source trough the integration of PV and CSP technologies.
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar Energy

The project aims at developing, testing and qualifying critical components of Parabolic Trough/Molten Salts plants.
Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar
Energyi) Development of a molten salts thermocline thermal storage unit powered both by CSP field and pre-existing PV plant (electricity from PV dissipatedinto the molten salts tank, in a Carnot Battery approach); the thermal storage unit has a capacity:of 22 MWth (storage duration: from 6 to 14 hours)).
Demostration at TRL 7ii) use of ternary molten salt mixtures to lower the minimum operating temperature of the storage unit

Campanella / C.&C. Consultingi ) Bridging the gap between research and commercial deployment in the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP); ii) Testing and evaluating critical plantcomponents (reliability of standard components).; iii) Demonstration of molten salt specific operations (availability of emergency operations); iv)
Development ofadvanced quality assurance and monitoring methods for optical accuracy of parabolic troughs

https://csp-eranet.eu/
Klaus Hennecke / DLR / W. Gaggioli(ENEA)- ENEA, (Research Institutes);（International）- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); CSP Services GmbH (Germany, Private Company); Ductolux (Spain, Private Company); Rioglass Solar (Spain,
Private Company); TSK Flagsol Engineering GmbH (Germany, Private Company); Universidad Compiutense de Madrid (Spain, University);
Universidad de Extremadura (Spain, University); University of Evora (Portugal, University); CSP Services espana (Spain, Private Company)i ) Individuation of improved technical solutions for materials and components for both CSP and CPV technologies; ii) development of advanced
strategies for the smart and efficient management of the conversion and utilization of the collected energy; iii) LCC and LCA analysis of theprocess/technolgies considered with the aim of defining the most promising solutions in terms of environmental efficiency.

Giorgio Graditi (ENEA)/Carmine
Cancro (ENEA)

Current(i) networking activities to further develop the cooperation between the research infrastructures, the scientific community, industries and otherstakeholders; (ii) transnational access activities aiming at providing access to all European researchers from both academia and industry to singularscientific and technological solar research infrastructures; and (iii) joint research activities whose sole purpose is to improve the integrated services
provided by the infrastructure.

Sanchez / CIEMAT / W. Gaggioli(ENEA)

2020 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

National Project - SolarGrid funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research
The project aims at developing CSP and CPV systems with storage for cogeneration and network flexibility
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar
EnergyRenewable energies

Concentrated Solar
Energy(ENEA)

web-site under realization- ENEA, IEMEST (Research Institutes);- Idronord s.r.l., CO.ED.IN. S.p.A., Ventus Art s.r.l., Aritec s.r.l., Ecoprime Italia s.r.l (Private Companies)

web-site under realization
ENEA - Research Institute;（International): ENI SpA (Private Company); ENI Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA (Private Company); Horizon srl (Private Company); IDEA srl(Private Company); Magaldi Power SpA (Private Company); Politecnique of Milan, University of Siena, University of Firenze, University of Palermo(Universities)

2020 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

H2020 Project - SFERA III The overall objective of this project is to carry on with the work done during the past 8 years in the SFERA 1 and SFERA 2
projects and reinforce the sustainability of the activities of the European advanced Concentrating Solar Power research infrastructures.
ENEA/Italy

Engineering s.r.l. / V. Russo

2021 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

CSP ERANET Joint EU project - EuroPaTMoS (European Parabolic Trough with Molten Salt)

ENEA/Italy

Different, but interconected, projects with the same final goal will be lead by:-- ENEA,Research Institute- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - Research Institute,- IIT - Italian Institute of Technology,Research Institute- University of Catania,

Current

Current

2019 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)156

https://sfera3.sollab.eu/- ENEA, (Research Institutes);（International）- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); CSP Services GmbH (Germany, Private Company); Ductolux (Spain, Private Company); Rioglass Solar (Spain,
Private Company); TSK Flagsol Engineering GmbH (Germany, Private Company); Universidad Compiutense de Madrid (Spain, University);
Universidad de Extremadura (Spain, University); University of Evora (Portugal, University); CSP Services espana (Spain, Private Company)

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
BRISK II - Biofuels Research Infrastructure for Sharing Knowledge II.

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

BRISK2’s main activity is to provide researchers from around the world with access to biological and thermal biomass conversion facilities across
A.Martin (Coordinator, KHT),
Europe by facilitating Transnational Access (TA). The project aims at establishing a centre of excellence in the field of 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels F.Zimbardi (ENEA)
via the uniting of leading European research infrastructures.

Related information

KTH (SE), ASTON UNIVERSITY (UK), BEST (AU), FUNDACION CENER (ES), CERTH (GR), WUR (NL), ECN (NL), ENEA (IT), KIT (DE), LNEG(PT), POLITO (IT), SINTEF (NO), TU Delft (NL), TU Graz (AU), VTT (FI), TNO (NL)2017 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Biomass

https://brisk2.eu/

COMETA - Colture autoctone mediterranee e loro valorizzazione con tecnologie avanzate di chimica verde - National Project.
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

M.Falce (Novamont, IT),
Develop and validate low-input, innovative non-food crop cultivation systems suitable for under-utilised, polluted and/or badly used marginal areas at
risk of erosion/desertification, to obtain fractions to convert by advanced, low-impact, green chemistry technologies into bio-based products of interest to I.DeBari/ENEA
the agricultural and industrial sectors (e.g. animal feed, bioplastics, biolubricants, cosmetics products, biostimulants and compost, bio-insecticides,
extracts for nutraceuticals and health.

Novamont S.p.A. (Private Company), ENEA (Research Institute), CREA (Research Institute), UNISS (University), CIHEAM (Risearch Institute),
Bioagritest s.r.l. (SME)2017 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

Biomass

https://www.novamont.com/cometaCurrent

European Project - Prometeo (Hydrogen PRO duction by MEans of solar heat and power in high TE mperature solid Oxide electrolysers), funded by i) Optimization of the coupling of the SOE with two intermittent sources: non-programmable renewable electricity and high-temperature solar heat from A.Giaconia/ENEA
FCH JU.
Concentrating Solar systems with Thermal Energy Storage; ii) design and realization of a fully-equipped modular prototype with at least 25 kWe SOE
The Project aims at producingf green hydrogen from renewable heat & power sources by high temperature electrolysis in areas of low electricity prices(about 15 kg/day hydrogen production) and TES (for 24 hours operation) connected to representative external power/heat sources and validated in realassociated to photovoltaic or wind
context (TRL 5).
ENEA/Italy

Energy storage/transport

Hydrogen Production

web-site under realization
ENEA (Research Insitutte); FBK (Research Insitutte); Snam S.p.A. (Private Company)); NextChem (Private Company);(International)
Capital Energy (Spain, Private Company); SOLIDPOWER SA (Switzerland, Private Company); IMDEA Energy (Spain, Research Institute); ECOLEPOLYTECHNIQUE
FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (Switzerland, University); STAMICARBON B.V.(Netherland, Private Company).

Current

2021 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)
National Project - Hydrogen demo Valley - Mission Innovation, funded by Italian Ministry of Economic Development.
The project purpose is to build a complete Hydrogen demo Valley at the ENEA Casaccia Research Centre

The project addresses the creation of an infrastructural hub for testing and demonstration of hydrogen technologies covering production, storage,
S. McPhail / P. Deiana ENEA
distribution and utilisation of hydrogen and blends of natural gas and hydrogen, for the energy, industrial and transport sectors. The multifunctional
infrastructure would be implemented in the Casaccia Research Centre of ENEA, to act as a breeding ground for hydrogen value chain technologies andservices with the aim of accelerating their deployment in view of the energy transition and overall decarbonisation. .

-- ENEA-- CNRi) Establishment of an enhanced, multidimensional Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) matrix for SOC stacks tested in the field.
ii) Development of AST protocols that address realistic failure modes of critical SOC stack components in 2 application profiles: power-to-X (P2X) andcombined heat and power (CHP). iii) Target AST durations should be under 3000 hours and represent real-world stack operations of up to 40,000h.
iv) Implementing degradation mechanisms stochastically into performance models, in order topredict Remaining Useful Life (RUL) ) in real-time.
v) Define a generalized methodology for the definition of ASTs and predictive models for any suitably selected fuel ll/electrolyser stackcomponent

Davide Pumiglia/ENEA

ENEA - Research Institute, University of Genova, University of Salerno, SOLIDpower - Industry（International）• CEA, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - Research Institute - France• DTU, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet - University - Denmark• EIFER, European Institute for Energy Research - Research Institute - Germany• EPFL, École Politechnique Federale de Lausanne - University - Switzerland• IEES, Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems - Research Institute - Bulgaria• SUNFIRE - Industry - Germany

https://www.ad-astra.eu/i) Consider 3 bio-waste sources (farms, local OFMSW, landfill) and establish their SOFC-CHP potential (kWe-size ranges, units).
ii) Select, develop and test adapted cleaning methods and sorbent materials to deliver a fuel such that SOFC SoA performance degradation is notaffected.
iii) Select catalysts specific for dry- (CO2) and mixed (CO2/H2O/air) CH4-reforming, and test them with relevant gas mixtures and potential residual
trace pollutants. Evaluate their ‘catalytic sorbent’ potential, i.e. protecting the SOFC stack from pollution at no added cost.
iv) Test SOFC cells and stacks performance from 2 SOFC manufacturers and suppliers on dilute and other relevant.
v) Study biogas-SOFC thermal integration Apply advanced system optimization tools .Target net system electrical efficiency is 55%.
vi) Cost and environmental assessment for a projected SOFC production line of 25 MWe/yr, against the target of <3500€/kWe. Perform a technoeconomic optimization, and a life cycle assessment (LCA). Evaluate the market potential for biogas-SOFC CHP.
vii) Run a Proof-of-Concept test with a SOLIDpower BlueGen-2 (6 kWe) with the project’s cleaning solution hardware on this site.

Jan Van Herle, EPFL (Switzerland).
S. McPhail/D.
Pumiglia (ENEA)

ENEA - Research Institute, SOLIDpower - Industry, BIOKOMP - Industry, Politecnico di Torino - University（International）- EPFL, École Politechnique Federale de Lausanne - Research Institute - Switzerland- CEA, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - Research Institute - France.
- SUNFIRE - Industry - Germany- Arol Energy - Indstry - France- Paul Scherrer Institut - Research Institute - Switzerland- EREP - Industry - Switzerland

https://waste2wattsproject.net/

ENEA - Research Institute, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi - University, Università degli studi de l’Aquila - University, Walter Tosto,
Industry.
（International）- HTCeramix, Industry - Switzerland- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne - University - Switzerland- HyGear, Industry - Netherlands- VERTECH GROUP - Industry - France- EUBIA, European Biomass Association - Non - Profit Association- EQTEC Iberia L.S. - Industry - Spain

https://www.blazeproject.eu/

Current

ENEA/Italy

HydrogenAll2021 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

Current

H2020 Project - AD ASTRA Definition and development of Accelerated Stress Testing (AST) protocols for Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) for Power to X (P2X)
and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) appllications. (FCH - Research and Innovation Action).

Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Fuel cells

2019 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

H2020 project - WASTE2WATTS / use of biogas and syngas (from biomass) for small SOFC CHP integrated modules (5-50 kW). (FCH2 - Research andInnovation Action)

Current

2019 ‐ 2021 (R&D span)

ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Fuel cells/Biomass

Current

Current

H2020 Project - BLAZE / coupling BFB gasifier with SOFC modules for CHP applications (RIA - Research and Innovation Action)

ENEA/Italy

Biomass/Fuel cells
Currenti) Improving the global reliability and system efficiency of a BFB gasifier combined with hot syngas cleaning & conditioning (exploiting UNIQUE andE.Bocci, Università degli Studi
UNIfHY technologies applied to the EQTEC gasifiers) in order to directly deliver a SOFC compatible syngas, avoiding inefficient cold gas cleaning and Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)
expensive Air Separation Unit.
Barisano - S.McPhail (ENEA)ii) Using an industrial SOFC system that will be safe and efficiently thermally and chemically integrated with the gasifier system.Achieve at the sametime the highest resource efficiency and the highest overall and electrical conversion performance of the small
to medium biomass CHP plant configurations, reducing overall costs of investments and operation.
iii) Operating in power modulation and with the possibility of leading only a portion of the product gas from the gasifier through the gas cleaning unit to
the SOFC system.
iv) Lab scale (few 100 W) and real scale (100 kWth) tests with a system prototype will achieve at the end of the project a TRL of 5.

2019 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

Current

157

D.

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)H2020 project - SO-FREE: development of a fully future-ready solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based system for
combined heat and power (CHP) generation. (FCH2 - Research and Innovation Action)

Current

2021 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Fuel cells

Current

H2020 project - REACTT: the projects aims at realizing a Monitoring, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Control Tool (MDPC) for SOE and rSOC stacks andsystems. (FCH2 - Research and Innovation Action)
Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Fuel cells

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organizationi) In-depth understanding of the effects of variable fuel compositions – considering mixtures of natural gas, biogas and hydrogen – on the operation of
SOFC stacks integrated in a combined heat and power (CHP) systemii) Optimisation of anode off-gas recirculation for the complete avoidance of fuel pre-reforming allowing to reach system CAPEX targeted by the 2024
FCH JU multi-annual work programme (MAWP) valuesiii) Development of a standardised stack module-system interface for full interchangeability of
SOFC stack modules in any application-ready systemiv) Demonstration of two 5-kWe-class systems for 9 months and >6000 operating hours each, proving efficient (>48% electrical), low-degradation(<1%/kh) and constant (>90% availability) operation in flexi-fuel conditions, each integrating both of two radically different SOFC stack technologiesv) Pre-certification of the developed prototype system according to applicable EU and international directives and regulationvi) Operation in actual, residential CHP-generating environment to demonstrate decrease of CO2
emissions through flexi-fuel operation.
vii) Assessment and quantification of the residential SOFC-CHP market at global level, after which a
detailed country-specific review will be carried out for the Netherlands, Italy, Poland and the UK

S.McPhail (ENEA)/Viviana Cigolotti(ENEA)i) Improved durability, reliability and maintainability of SOE and rSOC stacks by developing innovative algorithms for diagnostics and prognostics oftheir remaining useful life.
Ii) Advanced control strategy with self-optimizing and fault-tolerant featuresiii) Hardware module for implementation of the monitoring, diagnostics, prognostics and controliv) Characterization of stacks and systems in SOE and rSOC nominal and faulty conditions and validation of the product prototype

Đani Juričić, IJS (Slovenia).
S.McPhail (ENEA)/Davide - ENEA - Research Institute, Università degli Studi di Salerno - University, Bitron S.p.A. - Industry
Pumiglia (ENEA)（International) :- Institut Jožef Stefan - Research Institute - Slovenia- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives - Research Institute - France- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - University - Switzerland- SOLIDpower S.A. - Industry - Switzerland- VTT: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus - Research Institute - Finland- AVL List GmbH - Industry - Austria

2021 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)C

Current

Current

H2020 project -BATTERY2030PLUS (CSA - Coordination and supporting Action).

C

The project aims at coordinating and monitoring the research activities while contributing to the large-scale research initiative on Future Battery
Kristina Edstrom, Uppsala University
Technologies, BATTERY 2030+. The project, coordinated by University of Uppsala (Sweden) will update continuously the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap, (Sweden)
contributing to competence building and strengthening the battery community by facilitating communication, dialogue and cooperation on cross-cutting
M.Moreno (ENEA)
topics.

2020 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

Energy Storage

Batteries

C

Current

Current

H2020 project - StoRIES (Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System)
CurrentC

Tthe main objectives of StoRIES are linked to the energy storage development by providing access to world-class research infrastructures and services, Stefano Passerini, KIT-HIU
with a focus on improving materials for devices and optimizing hybrid energy systems with a view to make energy technologies more competitive and (Germany)
M.Moreno
reducing costs.
(ENEA)

2021 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

ENEA/Italy

Energy Storage

AllC

Current

Current

European project - EuBatIn (IPCEI on batteries - German leadership).

C

The “German leaded Important project of Common European Interest” has many Member States involved and ENEA is one of the Italian participants.
ENEA role is to develop new-concept batteries suitable of being transformed into an industrial product and optimize recycling in line with circular
economy approach. The aim is to fill the gap between the lab-scale and the installation and production problems at a pilot plant level to assist theindustry upon the first industrial deployment stage.

Current

2022 ‐ 2027 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Energy Storage

Batteries

C

Current

158

Related information- ENEA - Research Institute, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi - University, I.C.I CALDAIE SPA - Industry（International) :- AVL List GmbH - Industry - Austria- Elcogen OY - Industry - Finland- Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V. - Research Institute - Germany- Instytut Energetyki - Research Institute - Poland- Kiwa Nederland BV - Netherlands- PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA - Industry - Poland

Current

ENEA/Italy

Partnership (if any)

VDE-VDI (Germany)
P. Prosini (ENEA)（Domestic):- ENEA - Research Institute.
- Politecnic of Turin（International）:- Uppsala University - Sweden- RECHARGE Advanced Rechargeable and Lithium Batteries Association (represented by EC Consulting) – Belgium- CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS (also representing ALISTORE-ERI and RS2E) - France- CEA: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives - Research Institute – France- EMIRI Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative AISBL – Belgium- EASE European Association for Storage of Energy – Belgium- Forschungszentrum Juelich GMBH – Germany- FRAUNHOFER Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V. – Germany- KIT Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie – Germany- Kemijski Institut (also representing ALISTORE-ERI) – Slovenia- Sintef AS - Norway- DTU: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet - University – Denmark- VUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI Research Group – Belgium- Westfaelische Wilhelms Universitaet Muenster - Germany- Warsaw University of Technology – Poland- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH – Austria- CIC energiGUNE Energy cooperative research centre - Spain- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology - Switzerland- TUD: Technische Universiteit Delft -University - Netherlands- AALTO University - Finland

https://battery2030.eu（Domestic):•ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, RI, Italy•CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, RI, Italy•ENI, Eni SpA, industry, Italy（International）:•KIT,Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, RI, Germany•AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, RI, Austria•CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, RI, Spain•CLERENS, I.C. Belgium SCRL, SME, Belgium•CSICAgencia estatal consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas, RI, Spain•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, University, Denmark•EASE, European Association for the Storage of Energy, associazione, Belgiium•ECCSEL, European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, associazione, Norway•EDF, Electricité de France, industria, France•EERA, Alliance européenne de recherche dans le domaine de l'énergie, associazione, Belgiium•FZJ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, RI, Germany•SINTEF AS, SINTEF AS, RI, Norway•SINTEF EN, SINTEF Energi AS, RI, Norway

https://www.eeraenergystorage.eu/stories.html

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme
HEU-CSA project - BEST (Batteries Europe Segretariat)

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Current

2022 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

ENEA/Italy

Energy Storage

Main goal: H2 production and CO2 capturing

Current

CCUS

Biomass/Carbon capture

ENEA/Italy

CCUS

GICO allows H2-rich gaseous stream production, develops new materials (CO2 capture sorbents; membranes for oxygen separation and methanol
production) and technologies (HTC; Sorption Enhanced Gasification; HT Gas Conditioning; CCSU; Power To Gas via Plasma conversion) to: 1produce intermediate solid (5 vs 15 €/MWh) and gaseous (10 vs 30 €/MWh) bioenergy carriers;
2- capture CO2 (40 €/t vs 90 €/t) receiving waste high alkali content and producing bricks;
3- convert CO2 to CO and O2 (90 vs 10% efficiency) storing renewable electricity excess;4- produce methanol (35 vs 75 €/MWh) and electricity (100 vs 200 €/MWh).

S.Stendardo - D. Barisano/ENEA

1. University Degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi - Telematica (Usgm)
2. Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L'energia E Losviluppo Economico Sostenibile (Enea)
3. Fundacion Tecnalia Research & Innovation (Tecnalia)
4. I.C.I Caldaie Spa (Ici)
5. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (Tu/E)
6. Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior Deinvestigaciones Cientificas (Csic)
7. Marion Technologies S.A. (Mtec)
8. Calida Cleantech Gmbh (Calida)
9. Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh (Fzj)
10. Iris Srl (Iris Srl)

https://www.gicoproject.eu/

The goal is the enhancement of ECCSEL ERIC into a full advanced operational stage that will offer state of the art inclusive environment for research in Stefano Stendardo/ENEA
CCUS industrial communities

1. University Degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi - Telematica (Usgm)
2. Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L'energia E Losviluppo Economico Sostenibile (Enea)
3. Fundacion Tecnalia Research & Innovation (Tecnalia)
4. I.C.I Caldaie Spa (Ici)
5. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (Tu/E)
6. Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior Deinvestigaciones Cientificas (Csic)
7. Marion Technologies S.A. (Mtec)
8. Calida Cleantech Gmbh (Calida)
9. Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh (Fzj)
10. Iris Srl (Iris Srl)

https://www.eccsel.org/

The project aims to demonstrate a patented novel industrial process to produce silicon (Si, a critical raw material)

Stefano Stendardo/ENEA

1. Bnw Energy
2. Calef, Enea And Wto
3. Elkem As Technology
4. Enalos Research And Development
5. Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. (Fraunhofer)
6. Mytilineos Holdings S.A.
7. National Technical University Of Athens - Ntua
8. Norwegian University Of Science And Technology (Ntnu)
9. Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Rwth (Aachen)
10. Siqal

https://sisalslag.eu/

To create knowledge, provide expertise and educate the academic public and professionals regarding the chemistry of PGMs and its application in
CCUS technologies

Maria Luisa Grilli/ENEA

1 Monolithos Katalites Ke Anakiklosi Etaireia Periorismenis Evthinis Greece
2 Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L'energia E Lo Sviluppo Economico
Sostenibile It
3 Y.S. Cypriot Catalysts Limited Cy
4 Lomartov Sl Spain
5 Universite De Liege Be
6 University Of Cape Town Za
7 Institute Of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences Bg

tbc

The eNeuron consortium consists of 17 partners from 8 EU countries: Cyprus, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
In detail, the partners consist of 7 research organisations (ENEA, EPRI, IREC,IEN, DERLAB, SINTEF, TECNALIA) 3 universities (UNIVERSITY OFCYPRUS, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, UNIVERSITA' POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE) , 3 industries (ENEIDA, LEDE, ICONS), 1
non-profit organisation , 1 municipality (CITY OF BYDGOSZCZ) and the Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa)

https://eneuron.eu/

Current

Carbon capture2020 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

H2020 project - SISAL Within the European Project SISAL, that is funding by the European Innovation Technology (EIT) Raw Material, ENEA is scientificresponsible for the design of a fluidized bed reactor for providing CO2 in a process for recovering Silicon from industrial residues.

Current

ENEA/Italy

CCUS

Carbon capture
2021 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

H2020 Project - ChemPGM: MSCA-RISE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE). Reuse of platinum-group metals,
recovered from spent catalysts or from e-waste as catalysts for CO2 valorisation processes (e.g. reverse water gas shift, methanation, dry reforming of
methane).
ENEA/Italy

CCUS

Carbon capture

Current

2021 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)
Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy management
systemLocal energy
communties

Related information

The Project is coordinated by:• KIC SE, KIC INNOENERGY SE, the Netherlands
other partners:• ZABALA BRUSSELS, ZABALA BRUSSELS SPRL, Belgium• ZABALA INNOVATION CONSULTING SA, ZABALA INNOVATION CONSULTING SA, Spain• EERA, Alliance européenne de recherche dans le domaine de l'énergie, association, Belgium• INNOVATION VDI / VDE + TECHNIK GMBH, INNOVATION VDI / VDE + TECHNIK GMBH, Germany• SINTEF AS, SINTEF AS, RI, Norway• INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, RI, Italy• CICe, CIC ENERGIGUNE Centro de investigacion cooperativa de energias alternatives, RI, Spain• SINTEF EN, SINTEF Energi AS, RI, Norway• ENEA, National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, RI, Italy• CLERENS CONSULTING, I.C. BELGIUM SCRL, Belgium,• EASE, European Energy Storage Association, association, Belgium

2020 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

H2020 Project - ECCSELERATE Facility Owner in the H2020 ECCSELERATE project (Grant n ° 871143). Scientific responsible for increasing the use of
ZECOMIX research infrastructure and ensuring its long-term sustainable operation within industrial and scientific community.

Partnership (if any)

EIT InnoEnergy (Belgium) / M.
Moreno (ENEA)

Batteries

H2020 Project - GICO (Gasification Integrated with carbon capture and cOnversion)
processes from gasification of biomass residues and valorization of carbon by means of plasma catalysis.

ENEA/Italy

Lead person / Organization

The Batteries Europe ETIP is coordinated by BEST (Batteries Europe Secretariat) project, led by InnoEnergy with the participation of VDI-VDE-IT,
EASE, EERA, CLERENS, SINTEF (Industry and Energy), INSTM, CIC energiGUNE, ENEA and Zabala. The project would last 3 years under the
Horizon 2020 Programme for Research and Innovation. Batteries Europe aims to accelerate and support the establishment of a globally competitive
European battery industry and to strengthen the synergies and complementarities among EU initiatives. This will be done through different levels of
engagement at European, national and international level.

H2020 Project - eNeuron (greEN Energy hUbs for local integRated energy cOmmunities optimizatioN)
The ongoing energy transition brings new opportunities for distributed energy resources (DER) integration and deployment, and for the evolution in the Marialaura Di Somma/ENEA
The main goal of the eNeuron project is to develop innovative tools for the optimal design and operation of local energy communities (LECs) integratingrole of final users from passive consumers to active prosumers who both produce and consume energy. Local energy systems can potentially contributedistributed energy resources and multiple energy carriers at different scales. This goal will be achieved, by having in mind all the potential benefits achievable to the EU energy and climate objectives, by helping reverse energy consumption and emission trends, as also highlighted in the Clean Energy Package
for the different actors involved and by promoting the Energy Hub concept, as a conceptual model for controlling and managing multi-carrier and integrated for all Europeans where local energy communities (LECs) are recognised as an efficient and sustainable way of managing energy at a local community
energy systems in order to optimize their architecture and operation. In order to ensure both the short-term and the long-term sustainability of this new energy level – with or without a connection to distribution systems. The LEC concept refers to a set of energy users deciding to make common choices in terms
paradigm and thus support an effective implementation and deployment, economic and environmental aspects will be taken into account in the optimization of satisfying their energy needs, in order to maximize the benefits deriving from this collegial approach, thanks to the implementation of a variety oftools through a multi-objective approach. eNeuron’s proposed tools enable tangible sustainability and energy security benefits for all the stakeholders in the electricity and heat technologies and energy storages and the optimized management of energy flows. Indeed, LECs are well-placed to meet local
LEC. Local prosumers (households, commercial and industrial actors) stand to benefit through the reduction of energy costs while leveraging local, lowenergy needs, reduce the need for transmission infrastructure, and bring people together to achieve common goals for well-being. DERs within a LEC
carbon energy. Developers and solution providers will find new opportunities for technologies as part of an integrated, replicable operational business model. can also be employed to support the grid by providing ancillary services and flexibility through different products such as demand response (DR),Distribution system operators (DSOs) benefit from avoiding grid congestion and deferring network investments. Policy makers benefit from increasinglycongestion relief, local energy markets, etc.
sustainable and secure energy supply systems. eNeuron is a high TRL project in line with the Work Programme, by developing innovative approaches and By representing locally and collectively organised energy systems, LECs are able to effectively integrate energy systems through a variety of local
methodologies to optimally plan and operate integrated LECs through the optimal selection and use of multiple energy carriers and by considering both short- generation of electricity and heat, flexible demand, energy storages and electric mobility. As a result, LECs are able to fulfil the multi-energy demand ofand long-run priorities. Through optimally coordinating all energy carriers and vectors, cost-effective and low-carbon solutions will be provided for fostering
the communities’ users through the optimised operation of local DER, by exploiting synergies among the various energy carriers. LECs can also serve
the deployment and implementation of this new energy paradigm at European level.
as the centre of energy system decision making for the community while capturing the benefits locally. In addition, LECs aim not only to efficiently selfNovember 2020-October 2024
provide for the communities’ users - under the concept of energy islands - but also to provide system services to neighbouring systems such asbalancing and ancillary services. In addition, exploiting the interplay among different energy sources at local levels reduces RES curtailment, thereby
supporting decarbonisation.
Optimisation of the design and operation of a LEC is crucial to achieve all these benefits for the community. The wider range of potential actions by
developers, asset owners, operators, and final users make optimisation of such systems a complex task, given the degrees of freedom in the designand operation phases. From the design point of view, the planning of a LEC inherently involves multiple and conflicting objectives. For instance, theinterest of developers in achieving a system configuration with lowest costs might conflict with the interest of EU energy legislation in public welfare interms of sustainability of the energy supply. Overall economic operation of the system might conflict with the customer preference at the level.
Current
Operation and scheduling tasks pose a challenge when considering the interaction between energy carriers (e.g., electricity, heat, cooling, etc.), whichface different demand, technical, economic, and safety drivers. Novel approaches to identify equitable solutions are required to promote stakeholders’participation in the decision-making process and facilitate collective decisions.
2020 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)
In order to address these challenges, the main goal of eNeuron (GreEN Energy HUbs for Local IntegRated Energy COmmunities optimisatioN) is todevelop innovative tools for the optimal design and operation of LEC for use by such communities. These tools focus in particular on integrating
multiple energy carriers at different scales to identify the potential benefits achievable for the community and its stakeholders by adopting the Energy

159

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

H2020 Project - AmBIENCe (Active managed Buildings with Energy performaNce Contracting)
The AmBIENCe project aims at extending the concept of Energy Performance Contracting to Active Buildings and making it available and attractive to awider range of buildings. AmBIENCe provides new concepts and business models for performance guarantees of Active Buildings, combining savings fromenergy efficiency measures with additional savings and earnings resulting from the active control of assets leveraging for instance price based incentive
contracts (Implicit Demand Response). The willingness to invest in additional sensorisation, ICT an IoT are increased by offering adjacent otherthan-energy
services, e.g. related to comfort, security or maintenance.
June 2019-May 2022

ENEA/Italy

Energy end-use
efficiency and energy
services

Fexibility in buildings

Current

2019 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy management
systemLocal energy
communties

National Project - COMESTO (Community Energy Storage: Aggregated Management of Energy Storage Systems in Power Cloud)The project goal is to develop distributed energy storage systems in the context of local energy communities (consumers and prosumers). Proper
management systems will be defined for real-time control of distributed energy storage together with renewable power generation plants by also considering
DR programs, to foster the active role of final users in the managing of power grid, as well as the provision of ancillary services by the distributed energy
storage.
Current

2018 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

National Project - IEMAP (Italian Energy Materials Acceleration Platform) - Mission Innovation, funded by Italian Ministry of Economic Development.
The project purpose is to build an innovative platform for materials for energy with application in electrochemical storage, electrolysers and photovoltaics

ENEA/Italy

Energy management
systemLead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Hub (EH) concept.
The main KPIs are indicated below:- Self-consumption, energy efficiency and flexibility management >50%
- Energy savings for consumers = 30-35%- Reduction of levelised cost of energy for RES operators~30%- Reduction of O&M Costs for network operators, RES operators and facility managers ~30%
- Reduction of network losses 22%- Network and assets down-time reduction 40-50%- Regulated comfort and air quality in building environments 80%- Reduction in total annual cost for LEC (energy cost + annualised investment cost + O&M costs) as compared to conventional energy supply system(power grid, conventional boilers and electric chillers = 30-35%- Reduction in daily energy cost for LEC as compared to conventional energy supply system (power grid, conventional boilers and electric chillers) = 3040%- Reduction in daily and annual CO2 emissions as compared to conventional energy supply system (power grid, conventional boilers and electricchillers)= 30-48%
The key idea of the project is to accelerate the energy transition to a low-carbon system, placing the end users at the center of the energy system,
Chris Caerts, VITO (VLAAMSE
The AmBIENCe partners are: VITO, ENEA, INESC TEC, IK4, Energinvest, EDP CNET, BPIE, TEKNIKER, CEIT
promoting their active role and making their consumption responsible. The purpose is, in fact, to make the consumers aware and proactive actors in the INSTELLING VOOR
management of their consumption through demand response mechanisms, which allow the development of innovative energy services for the electricity TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK
system by exploiting the flexibility of buildings as a new resource to favor the energy efficiency. The issue of energy efficiency is closely connected to N.V.
M. Di Sommathat of EPC - Energy Performance Contracts - which represent a valid tool through which an energy service company, or an ESCO, undertakes to(ENEA)
complete a series of interventions and services aimed at the energy requalification of a building for a fee related to the amount of energy savings or thelevel of efficiency improvement.
The approach currently used in the context of EPCs only concerns "passive" buildings. The extension of this approach to the so-called "active"
buildings, i.e. buildings equipped with devices for the active and intelligent control of consumption, represents an interesting opportunity to enhance theactive role of end users. AmBIENCe thus introduces the concept of an active EPC, which allows buidling owners to reduce the cost of their bills, without
affecting their level of comfort. The innovative idea consists in encouraging buidling owners to assume the role of active consumers, providing themwith total transparency on energy consumption and the possibility of actively managing their own consumption, obtaining an improvement in thereliability of the service, energy efficiency and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. The project deals with defining a new EPC contract, with its
associated business model, providing the platform for calculating savings and associated incentives for property owners. This platform will be concretely
tested in two pilot buildings in Portugal and Belgium to assess the effectiveness of this contract.
The main KPIs associated to the project are indicated below:- Primary energy savings = 6.20 GWh/years- CO2 emissions avoided = 535 tCO2/year

The development of new innovative solutions of hybrid systems (renewable, fossil and storage), combined and distributed production of electricity andheat for scheduled delivery on the network as well as for the efficient and integrated management of energy vectors; The development of newtechnologies for the management of the conventional energetic storage (electrochemical, electrostatic) and non conventional (hydrogen, fuel cells,
biodiesel, water, and heat) for the benefit of end-users, and in particular consumer-citizen users, and for the provision of ancillary network and user
services; The definition and development of new intelligent and coordinated nanogrid management algorithms in the presence of distributed storage
systems; The development of a hardware and software platform capable of managing the resources distributed in a single way in order to achieve
optimization in the energy management of the Community Energy Storage and the participation in "markets for specific dispatching services for
distribution networks" provisioning of balancing / dispatching services to the DSO; Promote a new approach to network planning, exploiting theopportunities provided by digitization and supporting new patterns of consumption and production.

Related information

https://ambience-project.eu/

http://www.comesto.eu/
Simone Tegas / e-distribuzione S.p.a. E-DISTRIBUZIONE S.p.a. (E-dis), Large Enterprise; - AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO
Viviana Cigolotti (ENEA) ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE (ENEA), Public Research Body; - ENEL ITALIA S.r.l. (ENEL-IT), Large Enterprise; - EVOLVERE S.p.a. (EVOLVERE),
SME; - DISTRETTO TECNOLOGICO HIGH -TECH Scarl (DHITECH), SME; - FONDAZIONE BRUNO KESSLER (FBK), Research Institute; - GREEN
ENERGY STORAGE S.r.l. (GES), SME; - GREENENERGY S.p.a. (GREEN), SME; - OCIMA S.r.l. (OCIMA), SME; - SPINTEL S.r.l. (SPINTEL), SME;
- TEN PROJECT S.r.l. (TEN), SME; - TELECOM ITALIA S.p.a. (TIM), Large Enterprise; - UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DELLA CALABRIA (UNICAL),
University; - UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SIENA (UNISI), University; - UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE (UNIVPM), University.

1) Realization of a platform by developing a transversal computational infrastructure on which to build advanced ways to design materials with different Massimo Celino /ENEA
approaches and operating conditions, from the most traditional to the most innovative and complex ones. The infrestructure consists of a database anda workflow driven by machine learning (ML) and BigData technologies to learn from data and optimize the design of the new materials2) Application cases will cover three fundamental research areas in the energy sector to support the energy transition: storage, electrolysers andphotovoltaics (PV).

The project consortium consists of following partners: ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies (IT) , Energy and Sustainable Economic
Development, CNR National Research Council (IT), RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (IT).

Current

Production
2021 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

The project will study, design and implement technological solutions enabling the transition of networks towards integrated and smart multi-energy
National Project - MISSION (Multivector Integrated Smart Systems and Intelligent microgrids for accelerating the energy transitiON), funded by
distribution systems.
Italian Ministry of Economic Development The project aims to develop two smart grid demonstrators - microgrid size, full scale and multi-vector - located,
respectively, at the CR ENEA in Portici (Smart Energy Microgrid ENEA) and the RSE offices in Milan and Piacenza (Extension multi-energy of the Distributed
Energy Resources Test Facility RSE).

Maria Valenti/ENEA

The project consortium consists of following partners: ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies (IT) , Energy and Sustainable Economic
Development, Institute of Informatics and Telematics of CNR National Research Council (IT), RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (IT).

Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy management
systemEnergy networks

2021 ‐ 2024 (R&D span)

Current

H2020 Project - INTERPLAN (INTEgrated opeRation PLANning tool towards the pan-European network)
INTERPLAN is a project that aims Integrated Operation Planning tool for pan-European Network; interconnected EU grids, TSO-DSO interfaces; Grid Clustering; Grid Equivalents library, Giorgio Graditi/ENEA
to provide an INTEgrated opeRation PLANning tool towards the pan-European network, to support the EU in reaching the expected low-carbon targets, while cluster and interface controllers, flexibility sources.
maintaining network security. INTERPLAN will provide a methodology for a proper representation of a “clustered” model of the pan-European network, withthe aim to generate grid equivalents as a growing library able to cover all relevant system connectivity possibilities occurring in the real grid, by addressing
operational issues at all network levels (transmission, distribution and TSOs-DSOs interfaces).

ENEA/Italy

Energy management
system

ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) – Coordinator
AIT (Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH)
DERlab (European Distributed Energy Resources Laboratories e.V.)
University of Cyprus (UCY)
Fraunhofer IEE
Instytut Energetyki (IEn)

https://interplan-project.eu/(Coordinator) University of A Coruna (UDC) Spain

https://entrancesproject.eu/

Current

Power Systems and grid
integration2017 ‐ 2021 (R&D span)

Current

ENergyTRANsitions from Coal and carbon: Effects on Societies (ENTRANCES).
ENTRANCES is based multidisciplinary
1) Report on multi-dimensional key factors, dynamics and patterns
2) Gender Analysis Report to provide
Ricardo Garcia Mira/University of A
analytical framework based on 6 components: socio-economic, socio-technical, socio-ecological, socio-political, socio-cultural and socio-psychological ones. specific indicators on social impact evaluation
3) Survey on socio-psychological component4) Comparison between coal and Coruna (UDC) Spain Nadia Cerone
All these components are used to analyze different aspects of both the clean energy transition and de/re-territorialization processes. ENEA is involved incarbon regions case studies5)Guidlines and policy recomandations(ENEA)
elaborating specific indicators to address the socio-technical component of transition. ENEA is leading case studies on coal and carbon regions and is
responsible of stakeholder engagement in the investigated Italian territories.

ENEA/Italy

Energy transition

Social impacts evaluation
Current

2017 ‐ 2022 (R&D span)

Current

160

Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico (ENEA), Italy
Knowledge and Innovation (K&I) Italy
Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) Germany
Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) Germany
Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI) Austria
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Norway
European Association of Development Agencies (EURADA) Belgium
InstytutGospodarkiSurowcamiMineralnymi i Energią PAN (IGSMiE PAN) Poland
Faculty of Psychology and Education – University „AlexandruIoanCuza University‟ of Iasi (UAIC), Romania
SociedadePortuguesa de Inovaçao (SPI) Portugal
Women Engage for a common future France (WECF)
Center of Social and Psychological Sciences Slovakia (CSPS)
Cardiff University, United Kingdom (CU)Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs
Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)Current
Community Energy for the uptake of RES in the electricity sector: Connecting long-term visions with short-term actions (COME RES)
1)assessment of the potentials for RES community energy initiatives,
COME RES comprises manifold activities including an assessment of technical, legal, institutional and policy conditions, case-studies on drivers and barriers community energy good/best practice cases
for community energy in 5 selected target regions. An assessment of the potentials for RES community energy initiatives, a compilation of community energy 4)capacity development and transfer activities
good/best practice cases, an analysis of financing schemes and business models, as well as capacity development and transfer activities will be carried
out.The Stakeholder involvement and engagement plan is coordinated by ENEA. ENEA carries out analyses to improve the knowledge on technical, legal,
institutional and policy conditions, on the potentials community energy and also on the findings barriers and drivers.ENEA is also responsible of the National
Desk for renewables energy communities.

Lead person / Organization2)assessment and comarison of
3)analysis of financing schemes and business models(Coordinator) Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) – Environmental Policy Research Centre (FFU) Germany
Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) Belgium
Becker, Büttner & Held (bbh) Germany
REScoop.eu Belgium
Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico (ENEA), Italy
Ecoazioni (ECOA) Italy
Institute of Physical Energetics (IPE) Latvia
Latvian Environmental Investment Fund (LEIF) Latvia
Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) The Netherlands
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO) Norway
Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) Norway
Krajowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii S.A. (KAPE) Poland
Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Industrial (INEGI) Portugal
ECORYS españa (ECOR) Spain
Asociación Canaria de Energías Renovables (ACER) Spain
ICLEI European Secretariat GmbH (ICLEI) Germany

D. Barisano/ENEA

CMD S.p.A (Coordinator), DIGIMAT, EES srl, ESA srl, ENEA, CNR

Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy
Communities

Policy and capacity
building

2021 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

Regional Programme funding: COMPLEX RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS "CORES" - Thematic areas: Energy and Bioeconomy. EMERA
project is related to the topic Energy; it aima at developing an efficient micro energy networks powered by only RES for the autonomy and independence ofrural areas from the centralized system. In the project ENEA is involved in activity reletad to several aspect among which development of the gasification
reactor, technical and economic analysis of possible biomass-energy supply chains, and establishment of guidelines for the preparation of logistics andsupply plans.
ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy
production

Power production

1- Identification of components and processes to be integrated into a stand-alone demonstrator.
2- Enhancement of energy valorization of residual biomass by gasification.
3- Robust integration of production and storage systems.
4- Involvement of various stakeholders to recognize needs and expectations.

Partnership (if any)

Rosaria Di Nucci/Freie Universität
Berlin (FUB) – Environmental Policy
Research Centre (FFU)
Germany/Gilda Massa (ENEA)

Related information
https://come-res.eu/

https://www.cmdengine.com/gr
uppo-cmd/progetti-innovativi/

Current

2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Current

Call for funding of technology research projects - Three-year National Electricity System Research Plan 2019-2021 - MISE. The RECOVERY project aims at 1- Improvement of processes for converting residual materials into gaseous fuels usable for cogeneration purposes.
the energy valorization of residual materials coming from the agro-food industry (e.g., sewage sludge, digestate, and putrescible surplus materials) through 2- Energy and environmental performance optimization of internal combustion engines in cogeneration set-up running on bio-derived gaseous fuels
syngas from gasification for self-production and self-consumption of electricity.
only.
3- Analysis of techno-economic and permitting sustainability of the sludge processing chain.
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy
production

Power production

E. Fanelli/ENEA

CMD S.p.A (Coordinator), Giaguaro S.p.A, ENEA

To develop and validate on a pilot scale an integrated process of valorization of organic matrices (biomass, organic waste/reflluents, sludge, etc.) into
liquid biomethane (CH4) as an advanced biofuel.

E. Fanelli/ENEA

Consortium DITNE (Coordinator), CNR-ITAE, UNICAL, UNIBA, POLITO, SOTACARBO, Calabra maceri, TECHFEM, SOL spa.

H2Ports aims to boost the transition of the European port industry towards an effective lowcarbon/zero-emission and safe operative model, piloting,evaluating and demonstrating new FC technologies oriented to increase energy efficiency, decarbonisation and safety of port terminals. The main
objective is to deploy port equipment equipped with FC technologies and the use of hydrogen as zero-emission fuel through innovative market sided
solutions to be ready for market adoption by the end of the project.

Viviana Cigolotti (ENEA)

1.Fundación de la Comunidad Valenciana para la Investigación, Promoción y Estudios Comerciales de Valenciaport, Spain
2.Ballard Power Systems Europe, Denmark
3.Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia, Spain
4.Centro Nacional de Experimentación de Tecnologías de Hidrógeno y Pilas de Combustible Consorcio CNH2, Spain
5.Mediterranean Shipping Company Terminal Valencia, Spain
6.Hyster – Yale Nederland B.V., Netherlands
7.Grimaldi Euromed S.P.A, Italy
8.ATENA SCARL – Distretto Alta Tecnologia Energia Ambiente, Italy
9.ENAGÁS, Spain

2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Current

PON "Research and Innovation" 2014 - 2020 -MIUR. The Wet Waste to Green Fuel (WW-Green Fuel) project aims at the development of gasification
process (dry and SCWG) for the exploitation of large-scale biomass and production of liquefied SNG.
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy
production

Biofuels production
2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

H2020 project - H2Ports: Implementing Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies in Ports

Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

2019 ‐ 2023 (R&D span)

Fuel Cells/heavy duty

H2020 project - e-SHyIPS: Ecosystemic knowledge in Standards for Hydrogen Implementation on Passenger Shipe-SHyIPS is aimed to conduct a pre-normative research on hydrogen-based fuels solutions for passenger ships, based on risk and safe assessment
Viviana Cigolotti (ENEA)
design approach and theoretical best practices and unique experimental data. The resulting insights, models and correlations will be ready to be either
implemented or referred in maritime
international standards to close current gaps for hydrogen-based fuels vessels certifications.

1.Politecnico di Milano, Italy
2.Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione UNI, Italy
3.VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
4.CINECA – Consorzio Interuniversitario CINECA, Italy
5.ATENA SCARL – DISTRETTO ALTA TECNOLOGIA ENERGIA AMBIENTE ATENA, Italy
6.PROTON MOTOR Fuel Cell GembH, Germany
7.Levante Ferries LEVANTE, Greece
8.GHENOVA Ingenieria SLU GHENOVA, Spain
9.Danaos Shipping Co. Ltd. DANAOS, Cyprus
10.Oy Woikoski Ab WOIKOSKI, Finland
11.IDF - Ingegneria del fuoco srl IDF, Italy
12.Municipality of Andravida – Kyllini port KYLPORT, Greece
13.DNV GL Hellas SA DNV GL, Greece
14.DAMEN SHIPYARDS GORINCHEM DAMEN, Netherlands"FuelSOME" is aimed to develop and validate, up to TRL 4, a novel multifuel energy generation system based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
system which will be capable of operating on various fuels and fuel mixtures. The project will go beyond the current state of the art (SOTA), bydeveloping SOFC stacks which are for the
first time able to operate successfully on ammonia and methanol in addition to hydrogen. Green hydrogen(or hydrogen in general) will also be considered as it is in the focus and general interest of the EU.

1.AVL LIST GMBH AVL, AT
2.AEE - INSTITUT FUR NACHHALTIGE TECHNOLOGIEN, AT
3.ATENA SCARL - DISTRETTO ALTA TECNOLOGIA ENERGIA AMBIENTE, IT
4.EBOS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED EBOS, CY
5.ELCOGEN OY, FI
6.POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA, PL
7.TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY VTT, FI
8.ZURCHER HOCHSCHULE FUR ANGEWANDTEWISSENSCHAFTEN, CH

Current

2021 ‐ 2024(R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Maritime

Current

H2020 project - FuelSOME: MultifuelSOFC system with Maritime Energy vectors
Current

2022 ‐ 2026(R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

Fuel cell/Ammonia

Current

161

Viviana Cigolotti (ENEA)

https://www.cmdengine.com/gr
uppo-cmd/progetti-innovativi/

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)National Project - GreenH2-CFD (Italian research programme 2021-2023) funded by Regione Lazio

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Fundamental studies on hydrogen blends combustion by means of Direct Numerical Simulation to develop subgrid turbulent combustion models.

University of Rome "Sapienza"

ENEA + two Universities of Rome

-Implementation of snew concepts/materials in the production of silicon-heterojunction PV modules;-Development of Advanced Process Control and Manufacturing Execution Systems.

Cosimo Gerardi, Enel (Italy)/M. Tucci(ENEA)- ENEA - Research Institute- ENEL GP-Indusrty- RISE Technology - SME- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - Research Institute

Creation of production systems for the fabrication of tandem solar cells that perform individual process steps and are mechanically connected to eachother so that the substrates can be transferred from one system to the next remaining confined in a controlled environment in order to to avoid
contaminations.

OGT - OLIVOTTO GLASSTECHNOLOGIES - Italy/ P. Delliveneri (ENEA)

Development of: 1) Perovskite films with various chemical formulations (inorganic, without or with reduced lead content, low-dimensional perovskite)with different bandgaps to be used in PV devices;
2) Charge carriers, transparent contacts, and interfaces between the various layers of the cells;3) New generation of perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon tandem cells .

Paola Delli Veneri, ENEA (Italy)

SYMBIOSYST will fully exploit all the degrees of freedom and potential provided by the synergy between land & crop and open or closed agri-PV
systems.
The ambition of the project is to create a fully integrated solution, from the design to the implementation, a symbiosis where PV and agriculture canhave a mutually beneficial relationship.

EURAC (Italy)/A. Scognamiglio(ENEA)The target of the project is the monitoring and advanced management of photovoltaic systems.

T.E.A. TEK, SpA (Italy)/G. Di Francia T.E.A. TEK, SpA - PMI (Italy)(ENEA)ENEA - - Research Institute1) Development of materials, processes, and architectures for the next generation of silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules;

Paola Delli Veneri and Mario Tucci/ENEA

Current

ENEA/Italy

Energy use / application

2021‐ 2023 (R&D span)

Combustion

2021 Current
2023 (R&D span)
National Project -NAUTILUS (Nuovi e AUtomatizzati prodoTti e processI per celle soLari ad eterogiUnzioni in Silicio) funded by Italian Ministry of Economic
Development
Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

2022‐ 2023 (R&D span)

PV

Current

Current

National Project -TANDEM (Processi innovativi per una linea di produzione di celle solari TANDEM ad alta efficienza), founded by the Italian Ministry of
Ecological Transition
Current- ENEA - Research Institute- OGT - OLIVOTTO GLASS TECHNOLOGIES - Industry- RISE Technology - SME- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - Research Institute2022‐ 2025
2023 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

PV

Current

Current

National Project -GoPV (Materiali di nuova GeneraziOne Per celle fotoVoltaiche tandem) funded by Italian Ministry of Ecological Transition

2022‐ 2025
2023 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

PV

Current

Current

EU Project -SYMBIOSYST (From the design to the implementation, a symbiosys where PV and agriculture can have a mutually beneficial relationship)

ENEA/Italy

Renewable EnergyPV

2022‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

2022‐ 2025 (R&D span)

PV

Current

National Project - TANGO “ITaliAN PV Giga factOry” funded by Italian Ministry of Economc Development.
This project is one of the actions that will support, with an R&D activity, the Enel GP factory for the production of 3 GW PV modules (silicon heterojuntion
solar cell technology). Other paralel projects, carried out by CNR, University of Catania, and IIT, will support the same industrial initiative.

ENEA/Italy

Renewable Energy

PV• ENEA - Research Institute• EURAC, Research Institute, Italy（International）• TUD - Technische Univesiteit Delft - University - Netherlands• IMEC, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM- Research Institute - Belgium• ABOVE - Industry - United Kingdom• ALEO - Industry- Germany• Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University - Belgium• LAIMBURG, Research Institute, Italy• SBB - Association - Italy• ETA- Energia, Trasporti, Agricoltura SRL - Association - Italy• Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya -University - Spain• PHYSEE - Industryy - Netherlands• KUBO- Industry-Netherlands• CONVERT Italia S.p.a. - Industry - Italy• LUCISUN - Industry - Belgium• 3E - Industry - Belgium• ENGIE-Lab - Industry - Belgium• EF SOLARE Italia - Industry - Italy

Current

National Project - MARTA( Monitoraggio e gestione Avanzata in Rete di impianti fotovolTAici) funded by Italian Ministry of Economc Development.

- ENEA - Research Institute.
- University of Naples "Federico II"- University of Perugia- University of Pavia- University of Tor Vergata- University of Catania- IIT - Research Institute- BeDimensional - Industry

2) Asses the potential of perovskite/slicon tandem solar cells as a possible approch for the next genaration of highly efficent slar cells.

Current

2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

162

Different, but interconected, projects with the same final goal will be lead by:- ENEA,Research Institute- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - Research Institute,- IIT - Italian Institute of Technology,Research Institute- University of Catania,

Related information

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)National Project - Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico (Italian research programme 2022-2024) funded by the Italian Ministry of Ecological Transition. The
programme includes several projects focusing on: (i) renewable technologies to increase the flexibility of the grid (Concentrated Solar Thermal, ...); (ii) , (iii).

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Development of clean technologies to encourage the penetration of vRES in energy-intensive sectors supporting the increase in the flexibility of thenational grid.

Giorgio Graditi ENEAi) Creating the reference European facility for the development and testing of Molten Salt based technologies forenergy storage and dispatchable power production solutions, for the integration of different renewable energy sources, power andgas grids; ii) strengthening the research
management and administration skills of the Widening Research Infrastructures

Pedro Horta/ UNIVERSIDADE DE
EVORA / M. D'auria (ENEA)i) development and validation of innovative solutions for linear collectors and thermocline thermal storage units based on concrete; ii) identification of
application scenarios for the CSP / CST technologies coupled to thermal storageiii) definition of business plans for theenhancement of these technologies; iii) identification of partnerships with national and international organizations for thedesign of industrial solutions in the contexts of interest identified

Raffaele Liberatore / ENEA

Partnership (if any)

Related information

ENEA - numerous national Universities

Current

ENEA/Italy

ALL

2022‐ 2024 (R&D span)

ALL

Current

Horizon Europe Project - SALTOpower (Horizon CSA)
Ther projects aims aims at enhancing the scientific excellence and innovation capacity of the Consortium in the foregoing exploitation of their uniquereserche infrastructures on Molten Salt-Linear concentrated Solar Thermal systems, enabling the study and experimental test of e.g. materials, components
and O&M procedures.

web-site under realization- ENEA (Research Institute);（International）- DLR (Germany, Research Institute)- UEVORA (Portugal, University).

Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar
Energy2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

National Commercial Project - JCA Eni-ENEA. The project aims at developing, implementing and testing advanced technologies and solutions forconcentrating solar systems coupled to thermal storage for the generation of electricity and / or heat,

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar
EnergyCurrent- ENEA (Research Institute); Eni (Private company)

not available
2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Horizon Europe Project - CST4all (Horizon CSA)The CST4ALL project defines an array of hybridisation and cooperation initiatives at the interface between CST and other technologies for applications
relevant to the sectors of electricity, heat and fuelsi) bringing together and incentivising theinteraction of main stakeholders at key technology interfaces with the CSP sector building on combined technological and nontechnologicalimprovements; ii) organizing anintertwined set of workshops with respective industry and R&I focus

Marcel Bial / ESTELA/L. Turchetti(ENEA)The goal of the project is the production of the green hydrogen from biomass gasification intensified with CO2 capture by means of solid sorbent

Stefano Stendardo/ENEA

1. ENEA
2. Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi
3. INFN

The goal of the project is the strengthening of the ECCSEL-ERIC infrastructures in Italy to increase the ability of the Italian Network and cover all theneeds of the users for the successful deployment of CCUS technologies in Italy and Europe

Stefano Stendardo/ENEA

1. ENEA
2. OGS
3. University of Bologna
4. Polythecnic of Milan
5. CNR

Production of green and clean hydrogen
Innovative technologies for the hydrogen storage and distribution and its transformation into derivatives and e-fuels
Fuel Cells
Digitalization of Hydrogen-based infrastructures

Giulia Monteleone - ENEA

ENEA - numerous national Universities

Development of pilot lines and innovative laboratories and experimental facilities to support research and innovation and first industrial deployment in
the hydrogen technology value chain.

Giorgio Graditi - ENEA

ENEA - European Member States

web-site under realization- ENEA (Research Institute);（International）- EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY ASSOCIATION (Belgium, organzation)- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); Odtu Gunes Enerjisi Uygulama Ve Arastirma Merkezi (University, Turkey)

Current

ENEA/Italy

Renewable energies

Concentrated Solar
Energy2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Italian National Project - ZEPHYRUS Main goal: green H2 production from gasification of biomass residues intensified by CO2 capturing with solid sorbent
Current

ENEA/Italy

CCUS

Carbon capture2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

NextGenerationEU Project - ECCSELENT Main goal:
H production and CO2 capturing processes from gasification of biomass residues and valorization of
Current2
carbon by means of plasma catalysis.
Current

ENEA/Italy

CCUS

Carbon capture2022 ‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Current

National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Hydrogen R&D - Ministry of Ecological Transition - research activities on hydrogen to promote interdisciplinary andmultidisciplinary interactions through the sharing of knowledge, skills, experiences, infrastructures and networks of laboratories in order to contribute to theincrease of qualified critical mass and to the pursuit of objectives challenges

ENEA/Italy

H2

R&D all technologies

2022‐ 2025 (R&D span)

Current

IPCEI (Important Project of Common European Interest) Hy2Tech. Development of innovative hydrogen technologies up to te first Industrial Deplyment
phase
Current

2023‐ 2028 (R&D span)
ENEA/Italy

H2

Current

163

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Current Status of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies R&D in KIER
Jong-Nam Kim
Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Republic of Korea

1. Introduction
The Korean government is committed to advance the country’s energy transition by lowering
the dependence on fossil fuel imports to under 70% by 2030, compared with 81.1% in 2021. Last
year, the government published ‘2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy’ for a sustainable and green
society, and efforts to achieve carbon neutral goals will continue in the new government. Korea
has established a national strategy to develop low-carbon energy technologies such as solar, windand hydrogen, and provides efficient support to companies and research organizations.
In order to realize the carbon neutrality by 2050, MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT)
presented ‘Strategy for Technology Innovation for Carbon Neutrality’ consists of five main
action plans ; 1) developing 10 key innovation technologies for carbon-neutrality, 2) planningand promoting R&D projects engaging all ministries, 3) intensive support for creating new
industries, 4) private-led low-carbon technology innovations, 5) stronger and sustainable
research foundation for continued technology innovation.
KIER, as the only energy research institute and the national research hub for carbon neutrality,
aims to contribute to overcoming the climate crisis and enhancing the economic growth bydeveloping clean energy technology. In May of 2020, KIER has set the four strategic R&D
agenda to contribute to a cleaner planet and a stronger economic for all. The four strategies are- Innovative renewable energy technology for realizing the ‘Energy Transition 3020/4035’
plan which means increasing the percentage of renewable energy up to 20% by 2030 and
35% by 2040
- Advanced hydrogen supply and utilization technology for leading the hydrogen economy
and society- Smart energy technologies for a high-efficiency and low-carbon society- Clean fuel production and utilization for greenhouse gases reduction and clean air
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Renewable energy technology is at the heart of energy transition, a global trend to overcome
the climate crisis faced by mankind. Large-scale penetration of renewable energy makes us
confront different issues such as lack of installation site, public acceptance and energy
intermittency. KIER has been conducting important activities focusing on solar and wind energy
and energy storage to provide technological solutions to energy security and environmental aswell as the above-mentioned issues. High-efficiency low-cost tandem solar cells, andmultifunctional (light-weight, flexible, transparent, etc.) thin-film solar cells are the recent main
research topics in photovoltaics area for various application and high-added value. Innovative
research on next-generation secondary batteries are also ongoing with expertise for grid-scaleenergy storage system (ESS) and fast-charging electric vehicle (EV). 'Renewable-energy
resource map & integration platform’, and ‘operation and maintenance technology for offshore
wind farm’ are also key research fields where KIER tries to contribute to renewable energy

164dissemination through developing the government's policy-based public technologies incooperation with industries and academia.
 Prosumer-type next-generation solar cell technology for urban application (2017-, Highefficiency (>35%) Perovskite/Si tandem solar cell; Flexible perovskite/CIGS tandem
solar cell (> 30% by 2025); Light-weight (>100 W/kg) flexible CIGS compound thinfilm solar cell by 2025)
 Plus-energy community platform based on renewable energy for urban power generation(2020-, 100% energy self-sufficiency rate and 50% self-consumption rate throughoperation of a demonstration platform for a plus-energy community) Forecasting and nowcasting renewable energy variability based on satellite imagery(2018-, Low-error rate (<10%) integrated system performance model) Next-generation secondary batteries for fast-charging EV and grid-scale ESS (2020-,
High-energy density (400Wh/kg) all-solid state secondary battery; High-capacity (85Ah/L) Redox-flow couple material) Offshore-wind farm optimal design for high efficiency (2020-, LCOE reduction >10%
by low-cost O&M technology)
 Cyber physical system technologies to interconnect distributed energy resources for
RE3020 (2019-, distributed resource control achievement rate 95%)
Hydrogen and fuel cells are also KIER’s main R&D areas over the last few decades. For
hydrogen production R&D, natural gas reforming, low & high-temperature water electrolysis
are the sub-areas of KIER involved in the production of high purity hydrogen. Liquid hydrogenstorage materials using ammonia is also R&D area for hydrogen storage. For fuel cell R&D, thesub-areas are developing core materials and building all types of systems such as distributed
power generation, fuel cell vehicles, IT/portable power and APUs.







Design of pressurized modular high-purity hydrogen production unit (2017-,
reforming unit: 500kg/day, hydrogen production efficiency (HHV): 80%, purity:
99.999%)Development of large-scale alkaline water electrolysis cells and stack under dynamic
operation (2019-, H2 production rate: 3 Nm3/h, energy consumption (stack) < 49.25 kgH2, H2 production efficiency (HHV) > 80%, dynamic operating range: 5 ~ 150 %)Development of large-scale reversible-solid oxide electrolysis cell (r-SOEC) systemusing wastes-fueled boiler system (2016-, Ministry of Science and ICT, H2 production
rate: 15 Nm3/h, hydrogen production efficiency (HHV) > 95%, operating temperature:
700 °C)
Development of carbon emission-free ammonia synthesis technology (2017-, NH3
synthesis rate: 90 ℓ/m2h, Faradaic efficiency: 25%, NH3 synthesis: 0.5 kg/day)Development of low-cost high-performance core materials for building application fuelcells (2017-, development of core materials for fuel cells (PEMFC & SOFC) MEAs
including hydrocarbon-type electrolyte membrane, core-shell catalyst, electrodes, cellcomponents and also scale-up processes)

CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies have been in development ever since KIER
was established. KIER is also engaged in the development of fundamental technology for CO2
capture new materials as well as CO2 conversion technology for the production of valuable
chemicals and fuels from captured CO2. Currently, the development of the highly active andselective electrocatalysts and the world’s most efficient electrochemical CO2 conversion system(catholyte-free CO2 conversion system) are being conducted for the conversion of CO2 into
carbon monoxide (syngas), formic acid, and ethylene.

165






Development of the Fundamental Technology for CCU Project (2020-, Innovative CO2
capture sorbent (regeneration thermal energy ≤1.5 GJ/ton-CO2) and high yield CO2
conversion, MeOH yield ≥65%, Cyclic carbonate conversion ≥95%)
Development of Technologies for Co-electrolysis of CO2 and Low-grade By-products
for the Production of Valuable Chemicals Project (2021-, Development of large-area
membrane-electrode assembly technology and bench-scale (5kg/day) co-electrolysis
technology for the co-production of CO and organic acids)
Development of new absorbents for CO2 capture (Reboiler heat duty ≤2.0 GJ/tCO2, Feed
CO2 concentration 20~25 vol.%, 90% CO2 capture)

Each country is trying to develop clean coal technology (CCT) since it has become more
important to convert coal into clean energy and higher value-added products with lower
emissions of environmental pollutants. Coal gasification technology is one of the most important
platforms for CCT utilization. It provides an opportunity to add value to coal by converting it
into higher value-added materials (e.g., Hydrogen, electricity, chemicals, and liquid fuel).


Development of clean fuel and high value-added technology for coal syngas (2017-,
development of integrated chemical material design and operation technology usingsynthetic gas produced in gasification process)

Next generation energy management system, one of KIER’s main research area over theyears, is to integrate variable renewable energy resources into the power grid. This R&D area isbased on the convergence of renewable energy resources, big data information processing andartificial intelligence technologies. Main areas of research include intelligent control of
distributed energy resources, grid integration with variable energy resources, plus demand
response, prognosis and health management of DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) and energy
optimization based on the real time combined data monitoring.
 Development of core technologies to control the distribution networks including
distributed energy resources (2019-, distributed control success rate to meet thevoltage regulation > 95% ) Development of prognosis and health management platform for optimal operation of
distributed energy resources (2021-, energy utilization increase>15%, success rate offault detection >95% )3. International collaboration
KIER has developed a global R&D strategy process to enhance co-beneficial international
R&D projects. The fundamental approach for the process is to build up networks withinternational R&D institutions through collaborative agreements, workshops and personal
exchanges. The accumulated experiences, information, and lessons learned from thesecollaborations strengthen the strategic relationships between global communities and eventuallyenable KIER to develop the world’s best energy technologies.
With the help of the process, KIER has been successfully cooperating with global partners byconducting 41 joint R&D projects funded by KIER for the last 6 years. In order to investigate
the bottleneck issues or challenges conducting the international joint R&D projects, the expert
researchers were interviewed and answered the survey as below.
[Prioritized Issues/Themes]- IPR guidelines need to be clarified to avoid disputes and revitalize international joint
research. Moreover, under the RD20 framework, less intensive or flexible guidelines166have to be suggested.
Especially for hydrogen technology, standardization issues is very important to discuss
since hydrogen economy is getting realized earlier than expected. Along with the effortsof IEA, RD20 members also should play very important role in this issue immediately.
[Best Practice]- KIER has developed the global R&D process providing internal R&D fund forresearchers to proactively collaborate with foreign partners from workshop to matchingfund international projects. With the consistent operating and improvements of theprocess, KIER has been collaborating with RD20 members such as CSIRO Australia and
NRC Canada.
[Effective Measures]- In order to facilitate international collaboration, the appropriate R&D framework togather all the stakeholders and the efficient process to enable all the different thoughts toreach a consented topic, and consistent funding mechanism to successfully conduct the
project should be needed.
- For that matter, the RD20 framework is the best platform for the international
collaboration utilizing its members’ networks.
-<Fig. International Collaboration Snapshot of KIER>

167

<Fig. International Collaboration Snapshot of KIER (2017~2022>
4. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In line with ‘2050 Carbon Neutrality Strategy’ by government, KIER has provided the fivemega transitions towards 2050 carbon neutralization. In order to successfully transit the Koreanenergy system, the following areas can be future challenges and should be priority area forinternational collaboration.
Area 1. Production of carbon-free electricity
Area 2. Utilization of carbon neutral fuels and product (H2 and NH3, Biofuel)Area 3. Electrification of energy system
Area 4. Development of high-efficient low-carbon society combining existingenergy efficiency technology with DNA (Data, Network, AI)
Area 5. CCUS of Industrial GHG Emissions, especially for steel and cement
industry.

168

Profile of President of KIER
Dr. Jong-Nam Kim
Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)
Dr. Jong-Nam Kim is currently President of the Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), and Chairman of the Korea Carbon Neutral Technology
Innovation Strategy established by Ministry of Science & ICT. He is also amember of Presidential Committee on Carbon Neutrality 2050 andHydrogen Council of Korea.
Dr. Jong-Nam Kim has contributed to climate change mitigation by
conducting R&D activities as a researcher of the Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER) since 1985. He received his Ph. D in Chemical
Engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1994.
He has participated as principal investigator in chemical separation process R&D projects, andflourished KIER under his leadership as Chief of Separation Process Research Team, Chief ofChemical Process Research Center, and Director of Climate Change Research Division. He has
published a total of 74 paper and a total of 3 books during the research period.

169

Renewable Energy
Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Prosumer-Type Next-Generation Solar Cell Technology for Urban Application

KIER/Korea

PV2017 - 2021 (R&D span)

Partnership (if any)

1) High-efficiency Perovksite/Si tandem solar
cell/ conversion efficiency >35% by 2025
2) Flexible Perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell/
SeJin Ahn, Ph.D. / KIER
conversiion efficiency > 30% by 2025
3) Light-weight flexible CIGS compound thin-film
solar cell/ power-to-weight >100W/kg by 2025

(Domestic) KAIST, DGIST, UNIST, Korea Univ.,
Hanbat Natl. Univ., Ewha Womans Univ.,
Hanyang Univ., Chonnam Natl. Univ., KHNP,
Seoul Energy Corp., Shinsung E&G, Hanwha
Solutions, Hyundae Energy Solutions, etc.
(US) Univ. Delaware, etc.
(EU) EPFL, Frounhofer, imec, HZB, EMPA,
Julich etc.

LCOE reduction >10% by low-cost O&M
technology

Sung-jo Kwak, Ph. D. / KIER

(Domestic) Doosan Heavy Industries &Construction, Hyosung Heavy Industries, Unison
Co., Ltd, Hanjin Ind Co., Ltd

Kyoungho Lee, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) KOLON Global, GS Engineering &Construction, Korea Land and Housing (LH)
Corporation, Korea Water Resources
Corporation (K-water), Myongji University,
University of Seoul.
(US) FREE, Univ. Delaware, EMPA etc.

Hyun-goo Kim, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) Seoul Natl. Univ., Korea Univ.,
Chungnma Natl. Univ., Dongkuk Univ., KPX,
KMA(US) UCSD CER

Offshore-wind farm optimal design for high efficiency
KIER/Korea

Wind

C
u

Renewable
EnergyKIER/Korea

2020- 2021z

Plus-energy community platform with urban multi-energy (electricity, heat, and gas) system and urban building farm
Energy Integration

2020 - 2021 (R&D span)
2022 (R&D
Forecasting and Nowcasting Renewable Energy Variability based on Satellite Imagery

KIER/Korea

Utilization* 100% energy self-sufficiency rate and 50%
self-consumption rate through operation of ademonstration platform for a plus-energy
community* 30% energy saving by system ingtegration ofsolar hybrid lighting and radiative coolingtechnologies

Integrated System Performance Model Error
Rate < 10%2018- 2021

Current

EMS
Next-Generation Secondary Batteries for Fast-Charging EV and Grid-Scale ESS
KIER/Korea

2020 - 2021 (R&D span)

EMS

EMS

KIER/Korea

1) High-energy density (400Wh/kg) all-solid state
secondary battery by 2025
1) Jeong-gu Yeo, Ph.D./ KIER
2) High-capacity (85 Ah/L) Redox-flow couple
2) Kyoung-hee Shin, Ph.D./ KIER
material by 2025

(Domestic) Teratechnos, Schunk Carbon
Technology, Daeyoung Chaevi, Dpeco,
Misumsystech, Chungnam Nat'l Univ., KITECH(US) Harvard University

Distributed Resource Control Achievement Rate
Suyong Chae, Ph.D. / KIER
95%

Domestic) Semyung University, Polytechnic
University

Reforming unit : 500kg/day
Hydrogen production efficiency (HHV) : 80%
Purity : 99.999%

Wang Lai Yoon, Ph.D. / KIER

Domestic) Korea University, Chungnam
Universtiy, Yunsei Universtiy

Sang-Kyung Kim, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) Gwangju Institute of Science andTechonology, Pohang University of Science andTechnology, Dankook University, Korea Instituteof Industrial Technology, Inha University, Sejong
University(International) University of Notre Dame,
University of Scouth Carolina

Cyber Physical System Technologies to Interconnect Distributed Energy Resources for RE3020
C2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

Current

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Design of pressurized modular high-purity hydrogen production unit

KIER/Korea
2017 - 2022 (R&D span)
Current

Design of large-scale water electrolysis cells and stack under dynamic operation

KIER/Korea

Current

Production2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

Current

C

H2 production rate: 3 Nm3/henergy consumption (stack) < 49.25 kg-H2, H2
production efficiency (HHV) > 80%, dynamic
operating range: 5 ~ 150 %

C
u
C

170

Related information-

Institute/Country

KIER/Korea

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Development of large-scale reversible-solid oxide electrolysis cell (r-SOEC) system using wastes-fueled boiler system

HydrogenandFuel Cell

2016 - 2020 (R&D span)

Transportation/Storage

C

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

H2 production rate: 15 Nm3/h,hydrogen production efficiency (HHV) > 95%,
operating temperature: 700 °C

Ji-haeng Yu, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) Korea Institute of Machinery andMaterials

NH3 synthesis rate : 90 ℓ/m2h
Faradaic efficiency : 25%
NH3 synthesis : 0.5 kg/day

Hyung-chul Yoon, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) Chungnam National University

Current

Development of carbon emission-free ammonia synthesis technology
KIER/Korea

Current

2017 - 2020 (R&D span)CuDevelopment of low-cost high-performance core materials for building application fuel cells
KIER/Korea

Utilization

2017-2021(SOFC) & 2021- 2025 (HT-PEFC)

Development of core materials for solid oxide
fuel cells (2017-2021) & Development of Tri-Gen
Dr. Seung-Bok Lee / KIER &High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Dr. Gu-Gon Park / KIER
System to Maximize Operation Efficiency(20212025)(Domestic) Jung-ang University

CCUS
Development of the Fundamental Technology for CCU Project
KIER/Korea

Development of the Fundamental Technology for
CCU Project (2020-, Innovative CO2 capturesorbent (Regeneration thermal energy ≤ 1.5
Dr. Dong-Ho Lee, Dr. Hak Joo Kim /GJ/ton-CO2) and high yield CO2 conversion,
KIER
MeOH yield ≥ 65%, Cyclic carbonate
conversion ≥ 95%)

2020 -Development of Technologies for Co-electrolysis of CO2 and Low-grade By-products for the Production of Valuable
Chemicals
KIER/Korea

2021 - 2025
Development of absorbents for CO2 caputre

KIER/Korea

2022 - 2024

Development of large-area membrane-electrodeassembly technology and bench-scale (5kg/day)
Dr. Wonhee Lee / KIER
co-electrolysis technology for the co-productionof CO and organic acids.
Development of new absorbents for CO2 capture(Reboiler heat duty ≤2.0 GJ/tCO2, Feed CO2
Dr. Jong Kyun You / KIER
concentration 20~25 vol.%, 90% CO2 capture)

Current

ETC
Development of clean fuel and high value-added technology for coal syngas

KIER/Korea

ETC

Clean Coal
Technology

2017 - 2021 (R&D span)

Development of Integrated Chemical Material
Design and Operation Technology Using
Synthetic Gas Produced in Gasification Process

171

Prof. Gyeong S. Hwang
Univ. of Texas Austin

Related information

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Cinvestav efforts on Renewable Energy Research
Jose Mustre
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Mexico

1. Introduction
Mexico is still dependent to a large extent on fossil energy resources for its energy supply. The
use of fossil energy resources led to important pollution problems in the largest cities in the
country and important ecological accidents related to the oil extraction. Consequently, in the firsttwo decades of this century Mexico started a strategy to increase the use of renewable energy
achieving more than 20% of generation of electricity in 2018. In consistency with this strategy
Mexico became signee of the Kyoto protocol (1997), the Doha amendment (2012) and the Paris
agreement (2018). However, in the last 3 years, in part motivated by the world increase in oil
and gas prices, the Mexican Government has emphasized again the use of fossil sources, with
important investments in exploration and oil refineries. For this reason, R&D activities inrenewable energies are now performed in Research Centers with general research missions andUniversities, instead of being coordinated by the ministry of Energy. However, the US-MexicoCanada free trade agreement contains provisions that mandate that the country must emphasize
the use of renewable sources and accelerate a transition from fossil fuels energy consumption.
Currently there are consultation panels between the three countries to protect the investments inrenewable sources for electricity generation in Mexico. Consequently, we expect that in thefollowing years the country will retake a more aggressive approach to the use and research anddevelopment of clean energies.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Cinvestav is the largest research center in Mexico with ten campuses distributed along thecountry, managed by the Ministry of Education. As a research institution without non-specificsubject focus, it conducts research in the areas of physical sciences, life sciences, engineering,and education. Since its main activities are research and the generation of the scientificmanpower of the country it hosts 5000 graduate students, mentored by 650 faculty and 300
postdoctoral researchers, operating in a similar way as a research university. All research
programs, including those related to renewable energies have associated masters and doctoral
programs, which have served as the basis to form other research groups in Mexico and other
Latin American countries.
Cinvestav promotes new technologies, related to storage, use and conservation of clean
energies with the work of groups in four of our campuses. The main research themes are onmaterials and creation of devices related to more efficient utilization of solar power generationand production and utilization of hydrogen energy carriers and bio fuels.
Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, research activities in all areas, except Heath programs werehalt to a minimum, with minimal physical presence of personnel. Consequently, all research inother areas, including the work on clean energies, was delayed for over a year. In September
2021 partial activities were resumed and in March 2022, normal activities were fully resumed.
Therefore, the report of advances in the reported areas has been adjusted, with several activities,

172which were supposed to be concluded in 2021 being extended until the end of 2022.
3. Specific research activities
Green Hydrogen Production and Storage
Production of hydrogen in a CO2 free procedure is critical to achieve a process that does not havea carbon signature. Our Applied Physics Department in Cinvestav-Mérida (Southern Mexico),
Chemistry Department in Cinvestav-Mexico City and Cinvestav-Saltillo conduct research
focused on producing carbon-free hydrogen from renewable energy resources by electrolyzingwater using electricity generated with other renewable resources.
On the storage side, our Chemistry Department is working on the development of solid-state
hydrides as MgH2.
Fuel Cell Research
In the specific use of fuel cells, the research effort envelopes the process to create catalyst
nanoparticles, used in fuel cells to power small vehicles (Cinvestav-Saltillo and CinvestavMexico City). Specifically, one of the main efforts is directed at replacing traditional Carbon
supports as Vulcan, by novel materials as N-doped graphene or organic supports obtained frombio mass waste, for example garlic peel shells. In these cases finding comparable efficiencies forthe hydrogen oxidation reaction. See Figure 1:

Figure 1. Polarization curves of the HOR at replacing traditional Carbon supports as Vulcan,
by novel materials as N-doped graphene acquired at 5 mV s-1. Electrolyte: 0.5 mol L-1

173

H2SO4 saturated with H2 (figure provided by J. Rodriguez-Varela, Cinvestav-Saltillo).
Also, the development of Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), has emerged as a clean andefficient technology that convert the chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy.
The direct utilization of hydrocarbons without external reforming represents a key advantagethat makes SOFC potentially more competitive within the other fuel cell types. Hence, wehave current programs in Cinvestav-Saltillo aimed at increasing the efficiency of SOFC’s inthe middle temperature range. Specifically, we are studying fluorite structured different Ceria
based solid electrolytes, Ce0.8Y0.2O2-δ, Ce0.9Y0.1-xMxO2-δ (M = Ca, Mg) and perovskite
structured proton conducting oxides BaCe1-xZrxO3-δ, BaCe0.5Zr0.4Ln0.1O3-δ (Ln = La, Nd, Sm,
Gd).
Production of Prototype Vehicles
Vehicles have been built as prototypes in Cinvestav-Mexico City. (See Fig. 2), although these
prototypes are at a developmental phase with autonomy range up to 20 km. We are in theprocess of interfacing the technology developed for these prototypes with traditional electricvehicles produced by a Mexican-based company, aimed to achieved vehicles with speeds up
to 80 km/hr and autonomies of 60 km. (See Figure 2).

Figure 2. Prototype Fuel cell powered vehicle developed at Cinvestav-Mexico City,and commercial electric vehicle produced by Zagua Motor Vehicle Company in
Mexico.
Solar Cell Research
We continue the development of fourth-generation solar cells based on green materials, at
the Applied-Physics Department in Cinvestav-Mérida, in collaboration with Universidad
Marista in Mérida. We are currently focused on the understanding of the role of structuraldefects in increasing efficiencies in Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdS/CdSe based cells. To this end weuse synchrotron-based structural characterization techniques. Up to now the main results
found are the importance of defects and non-stoichiometry for achieving higher efficiencies(see figure 3).
We also have projects in increasing the efficiency of dye-sensitized ZnO and TiO2 cells. Withcurrent projects running until 2023.

174

Figure 3. Average crystalline structure of the semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 produced at
Universidad Marista de Mérida and Cinvestav-Mérida and X-ray absorption spectra of thiscompound, measurements performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Light Source.
Related programs/projects conducted by Cinvestav
Electrolysis of water using solar energy (2017-2023)
Nanoparticle based Catalysts with non-traditional support media (2019-2023)
Fourth Generation Solar cells (2018-2023)
Development of fuel-cell propelled prototype vehicles for use in Mexico City Project(2016-2023)
Study of the transformation of sewage sludge from Cinvestav-Saltillo wastewater (20192022)
Fourth Generation Solar cells based on green components (2018-2023)
The degree of progress in each of the projects has been described above.
4. International collaboration
Cinvestav holds more than 200 agreements with institutions outside Mexico. These
agreements include activities as joint projects, faculty exchange, student mobility and dual
degree granting. These collaborations are important for carrying out and accomplishing researchas 83% of the papers published by Cinvestav are done in collaboration with another institution.
Cinvestav has signed five comprehensive and specific MOUs with oversea institutes on the areaof clean energies. During the last year we signed agreements with University of Lemans, andUniversity Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, and University of Limoges in France for doubledegree thesis projects between México and France. Also, the presentation of different projects tointernational funding agencies requires the partnership with several institutions at the same time.
Such collaborations among the research institutes in G20 members are important for carryingout innovation in clean energy technologies.
4-2 International joint R&D activities
Although not directly in the field of green energy, Cinvestav has specific joint activities with
the CNRS in France, as we are the site of one of the International Units of Research of CNRS
outside France. Also, we have continued direct agreements with the CNR in Italy to support joint
Italy-Mexico research which is open to joint research groups.

175

Currently the pandemic closures and restrictions during the pandemic restricted several
cooperation initiatives. The most affected area was that of training and exchange of personnel.
This was compounded in Mexico by restrictions in funding by the Federal Government forinternational travel of researchers and students. We hope that the funding in these areas can returnto pre-pandemic levels and allows us to invigorate exchange opportunities. We think that
activities as workshops or summer schools would be very valuable as a mechanism to increase
joint research programs and capacity building.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Although the support for use of fossil fuels has been increased, this situation will have a shortspan, after which the country is expected to retake the growth if renewable energies to comply
with the commitments set in the Paris agreement for 2035. Hence it is important for Mexico toincrease the share of power generated by renewable energy such as solar and wind as both
sources have an unexploited potential due to the geographical and climate situation of the country.
Cinvestav is interested in creating research groups in CUC technologies, as is one of the areas
not currently represented in the whole country. As a representative Mexican research center
Cinvestav is kin in creating possible alliances to achieve this goal. An important strength of
Cinvestav is the presence of a large group of selected doctoral students, that are part of mobility
initiatives, that have help us in the past to consolidate research projects.

176Jose Mustre
2014 Director-General, Cinvestav-Mexico (current)
2012 Visiting Professor, University Nice-Sophia Antipolis University, France
2004-2007 Deputy Director for Research, Cinvestav-Mexico
2003 Visiting Scientist, Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotrón, Campinas, Brazil
2000-2001 Visiting Scientist Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
1997 Visiting Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
1992- Professor of Physics, Applied Physics Department Cinvestav-Merida (current)
1989-1992 Postdoctoral Fellow, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Research Biography
1983- 100 research articles, with over 5000 citations in the areas of semiconductors andsuperconductors.
2016- Quaternary semiconductors for solar cells
2010- Atomic structure and water ordering of ions in solution
1997-2002 –CdTe based solar cells
2008- Fe-based superconductors
1997-2002 – II-VI semiconductors for use in solar cells
1989-2017- High temperature Superconductivity in copper-oxides
1983-1989 Ab initio Methods of X-ray Absorption
Academic Background1989 Ph.D. in Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
1984 Master of Science, Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
1982 Master of Science, Cinvestav-Mexico City, Mexico

177

Solar Cells and Fuel Cells

nstitute/Country

Theme

Solar Cells and Fuel Cells

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Development of efficient green solar cells based on Cu-Zn compounds [2018-2023]

Target / Goal Outcomerole of structural defects in increasing efficiencies Prof. Dr. Javier Espinosa-Faller /Universidad Marista-Merida
in Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdS/CdSe based cells
Dr. Jose Mustre/ Cinvestav-Merida
Dr. Velumani Subramanian/
Cinvestav-Mexico-City

Current

Cinvestav-Mexic

2017-2023
Developmnet of Dye-based Solar Cells [2016-2022]

Current

2016 - 2023

Electrolysis of water using solar energy [2017-2022]

Development of high performanceElectrolysis of water using Biismuth Oxide thinfilms

Current

2017-2023

Development of fuel-cell propelled prototype vehicles for use in Mexico City

Current

2017 - 2022
Fuel Cell

Partnership (if any)
(Domestic) Universidad Marista Merid.,(International) Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
Lab (USA) (International) University of Limoges(France)This project has the overall objective to unlock
the challenges related to the materials andmanufacturing processes of solid-state batteries
Dr. Gerko Oskam/Cinvestav-Merida (International) Universidad de Valencia
by investigating a number of innovativetechnologies to produce advanced SSEs fromboth inorganic and polymeric materials.

Current

Solar Cells

Lead person / Organization

Dr. Gerko Oskam/Cinvestav-Merida(Domestic) Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
Small vehicles used for delivery and short range
Dr. Omar Solorza/Cinvestav-Merida City. (Domestic) Zagua Motor Vehicles, Mexicotransportation in Mexico CityCity

Use of sewage sludge from wastewater as a precursor for carbon support of nanocatalysts (2019-2022)
Current

Use of Biomass as support for nanocatalyts infuel cells

2019-2023

178

Dr Liliana Lemus / Cinvestav-Saltillo,
Dr. Javier Rodriguez/CinvestavSaltillo

Related information

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Current Status and Future Perspectives (“Now and Future”)
of Clean Energy Technologies at the CSIR
Dr. Thulani Dlamini
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa

1. Introduction
South African primary energy supply is heavily dependent on coal resulting in a high CO2
intensity. The transportation sector is heavily oil dependent with one third of local liquid fuels
derived from coal to liquid processes (Figure 1).

Figure 1: South African Energy Balance (2017)
The CSIR pioneered battery research in the 1970’s into the 1990’s to be later augmented by
the introduction of the Hydrogen South Africa (HySA) 2006 strategy. The South African energy
mix evolved to include renewable energy, mostly solar and wind. South Africa has a nuclear
capability as well.
The Paris Agreement became a catalyst for the introduction of renewable energy in the South
African energy mix. The country power sector generation plan (Figure 2) sees new build windand solar PV as the major new build energy supply technologies.

179

Figure 2: Integrated Resource Plan 2019 – Power generation plan
In addition to the above, the country has been suffering from persistent electricity shortages(“load shedding”) since 2007. This is due to historical lack of investment in new electricity
generation and transmission capacity, and underinvestment in maintenance of existing power
generation plant. Also, the national electricity utility Eskom has an unsustainable debt burden.
As a result of load shedding, the cap on new electricity generation capacity that can be built
without ministerial authorization by industry for their own was raised from 1 MW to 100 MW
in June 2021, and then the cap was eliminated altogether in July 2022. This has led to increased
appetite from private industry to commission private solar PV and wind contracts.
The combination of climate pressures, infrastructural difficulties and utility debt led to theJust Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) announced at COP26 in 2021. Under the JETP, a
combination of grants and concessionary finance totaling $8.5 billion would be provided by the
EU and the governments of USA, Germany, France and UK to support decarbonization(comprising the early retirement of coal-fired power stations, the addition of transmission
infrastructure and new renewable capacity), the Just Energy Transition (securing the livelihoodsof workers affected by early retirement of coal-fired power), electric vehicles and greenhydrogen.
In mid-2021, the German Federal Government made 200 million euro in grant andconcessionary financing available through KfW Development Bank for the support of greenhydrogen projects in South Africa. CSIR, together with Meridian Economics, were contracted tofind, evaluate and rank prospective candidate projects. The offer was greatly oversubscribed: of
55 initial applicants, between 7 and 12 projects have been shortlisted, depending upon the split
between grant and concessionary finance decided upon. KfW and the Industrial Development
Corporation (IDC) of South Africa are now performing due diligence on these shortlisted
projects. KfW is sponsoring the development of a hydrogen strategy for the national logistics
company Transnet, which manages SA’s ports, freight rail and Pipelines. CSIR contracted by
KfW to assist in this and other processes.
The Hydrogen Society Roadmap (HSRM), led by the Department of Science and Innovation,
was adopted by Cabinet in September 2021 and launched in February 2022. The HSRM outlines
roles and responsibilities of all relevant government departments in bringing the hydrogen180

ambitions of the SA government to fruition. The HSRM presents four proposed priority projects.
Mr. Ebrahim Patel (Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition) announced in April 2021
the IDC would lead green hydrogen commercialisation efforts, and in July 2021 theestablishment of a Green Hydrogen Panel with private and public stakeholders to advise
government on commercialisation opportunities and models and supporting catalytic projects.
This panel is developing Green Hydrogen Commercialization Strategy, which is undergoing
review.
Presidency and the Government of the Northern Cape Province, together with Sasol, areperforming a feasibility study into a green-field port at Boegoebaai close to the Namibian border,
to allow easier evacuation of product from nearby mines as well as export of green hydrogen andderivatives. This Boegoebaai project is one of the priority projects identified in the HSRM.
There are two Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel facilities in South Africa, the inland Sasol
160 000 bbl/day facility at Secunda and the coastal state-owned PetroSA 45 000 bbl/day facility
at Mossel Bay. Sasol has aggressively entered the green hydrogen economy, assisting Presidency
and the Northern Cape government in the Boegoebaai feasibility study and pursuing H2Global
and KfW support for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. SAF is one of the HSRM
priority projects.
The Northern Cape Economic Development Agency (NCEDA) and the Saldanha Bay
Industrial Development Zone (SBIDZ) in the Western Cape have launched a collaboration on
green hydrogen production and export, titled the “Western Corridor". While the Boegoebaai port
still needs to be developed, Saldanha Bay is South Africa’s deepest deep-water port at 21 meters,
and is located in a good solar and wind region, conducive to the production of green hydrogenand derivatives. A mothballed ArcelorMittal steel plant in Saldanha is performing a feasibility
study with IDC on converting its processes to develop green DRI iron and green steel, using
green hydrogen as the reductant of the iron ore. CSIR has an MoU with ArcelorMittal relating
to green hydrogen.
One of the outcomes of the Mid-Term Review of the Comprehensive Maritime Transport
Policy (CMTP) of the Department of Transport is the establishment of 6 Maritime Industry Task
Forces, with the aim to make progress on the objectives of the CMTP mid-term review by having
them led by Industry, not Government. CSIR is champion of Task 6: “Decarbonising Maritime
Transport through Renewable Energy”, which covers sustainable bunker fuels, decarbonizing
land-side port infrastructure, and decarbonizing shipbuilding and ship repair. The World Bankis assisting the Presidential Climate Commission by funding a study into the feasibility ofgenerating sustainable bunker fuels at 4 SA ports, currently focusing on Boegoebaai andSaldanha Bay. CSIR is contracted to assist World Bank.
This abstract presents an update of CSIR activities along the value chain with emphasis on
clean energy technologies in the areas of: Hydrogen, Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage(CCUS), Fuel Cells (FCs), Battery storage technologies and thermal energy storage.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
CSIR is a premier African Research Institute with an Energy Research Center (CSIR Energy
Centre) with several research groups covering energy supply and utilization, including socioeconomic aspects. The clean energy technologies R&D includes the areas of hydrogen storage

181

(Metal Organic Frameworks – MOFs and Composite Cylinders), Hydrogen production(electrolysis), H2 Safety Codes and Standards (development and customization), CCUS (biogas
upgrading, carbon capture and green methanol production), fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), supercapacitors and thermal energy storage as well as the newly established Energy
storage testbed (ESTB) for stationary applications. The innovation cycles move from materials
development to systems assembly and deployment.
The introduction of renewable energy and storage technologies in South Africa will lead tothe localisation of technology, creation of manufacturing jobs, as will directly support theobjective to ensure that the transition to sustainable energy resources is a “Just Energy
Transition”.
3. Specific research activities
The following are some of the state-of-the-art clean energy technology research activities
conducted at CSIR.
•

Optimisation of thermal energy systems Project title and topic•
Development of low temperature thermal laboratory•
Development of Zeolite thermal storage systems)•
Characterizing of magnetite thermal energy storage•

Green Hydrogen economics

SA possesses excellent solar and wind resources, enabling the production of green H2through electrolysis at low cost compared with other countries. A 2021 CSIR paper shows SA
can meet Japan’s target of $3/kg (€2.5/kg in 2018) for H2 delivered to Japan by 2030: if
reconverted to H2 from the carrier ammonia, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) cannot
exceed 3% (representing concessionary financing), but if kept as ammonia, a WACC of up to 6%
is possible (see Figure 3).

182

Figure 3: Expected cost ranges of large-scale H2 generation in SA, conversion to carriers,
shipping to Japan and reconversion to H2, as a function of year, electrolyser and carrier
Further development of the green H2 export opportunity is being developed with German
and European Union partners. As a co-benefit, large-scale desalination of water for electrolysis
can boost SA’s potable water supply rather than restrict it.
A 2022 CSIR study showed that that the production of sustainable maritime fuel (ammonia
or methanol from green H2) for ships calling at SA ports might even present a larger economic
opportunity than the export of green H2 and derivatives.
•

Green Hydrogen production and conversion

The Electro-Chemical Energy Technology Research Group also develops catalysts forhydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) for application in water electrolysis. Bi/Tri
functional electrocatalysts are synthesized to improve stability and to lower overpotentials of the
HER and OER. The catalysts are developed together with industry to accelerate thecommercialization of electrolyzers.
The Green H2 production research is very complementary to the Carbon Dioxide Utilisation
research discussed below.
•

Hydrogen Storage

Over the last 9 years, the CSIR has been involved in the development of high-pressurecomposite cylinders (Type IV) with the eventual goal of incorporating porous materials to deriveconditions for lightweight hydrogen storage systems.
•

Upgrading of raw biogas to produce biomethane and its cracking to produce turquoisehydrogenUpgrading of raw biogas to pure or more concentrated methane (biomethane) is known toincrease the biogas calorific value and thus expands its use to other high-value applications suchas transport fuel, in high efficiency gas turbines, among others. One of the strategies for lowering
the cost of a pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology is through the development andutilization of low-cost and high efficiency sorbents. It is on this basis that the CSIR is developing
low-cost sorbent materials through the application of a holistic strategy that utilises acid minedrainage, coal combustion by-products and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as
feedstock. Furthermore, this study lays foundation for development of customized/stand-alone
containerized PSA unit customizable for small-scale biogas producers. The recovered carbon
dioxide will be utilized in the production of clean synthetic fuels and chemicals. There are
ongoing studies to crack the upgraded biogas (biomethane) to turquoise hydrogen, which is acomplement to electrolysis hydrogen.
•

Thermal energy storage

South African industry has previously developed in a context of low energy prices for coaland electricity. This has resulted in a wide range of industrial processes that are inefficient andcarbon intensive. A technology demonstrator for waste heat recovery and heat storage using
zeolite has been developed to TRL 6 and tested at lab scale - further testing and piloting at anindustrial company are underway and due for completion this year with an aim for a TRL 7
submission.

183

In an externally funded project on solar thermal process heat for industry, a pilot plant isunder development at an industrial company. A thermal systems laboratory has been designed,
and a funding agreement with a government agency is in execution.
An ice storage system is being installed for the upgrade of the CSIR International
Conference Centre HVAC system. A free cooling system is also being considered for
implementation in the CSIR data centre.
•

Carbon dioxide utilization

Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce chemicals presents a highly
desirable means for recycling CO2 and thus combating the rising CO2 emissions. In this case,
the CSIR is involved in studies that are aimed at utilizing hydrogen (H2) that is produced from
Renewable Energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind energy, tidal energy,
among others. In particular, the utilization of this ‘green’ hydrogen together with the captured
CO2 in the production of methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl ether (DME) presents an attractive
pathway for renewable energy utilization in both power generation and in chemical industries
since they can be used as feedstocks for other value-added chemical products. Furthermore,methanol is an attractive route for the storage and transportation of hydrogen. Methanol is also
being considered as a vector for the production of sustainable aviation fuels.
Complementary to the methanol-based CO2 utilization process, there are ongoing studies
focused on the development and/or fine-tuning of catalysts to derive enhanced CO2/H2
conversion efficiencies as well as deal with the existing catalysts deficiencies.
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) offers an alternative route to convert
CO2 and hydrogen to useful liquid fuels such as methanol. These sources of energy can be used
in a fuel cell to produce electricity. The catalysts used are obtained via green synthetic methods
such as using pomegranate peels as reducing agents.
The CSIR is in the process of developing a dedicated CO2 conversion platform. The focus
will span the development of CO2 capture technologies and the conversion of CO2 to fuels andchemicals, as well as integration with other ongoing work that focuses on direct and biologicalCO2 use.
•Batteries and super capacitors

South Africa’s abundance of energy storage minerals influenced the CSIR to participate in
the national program of Energy Storage Research Development Innovation Plan (ES RDI).
South Africa has 80% of global manganese reserves and this is a huge contributor to energy
storage with technologies such as Batteries, Supercapacitors and Fuel cells. The CSIR’s focus ison the development of Manganese-rich/Nickel-rich cathode materials for stimulating the battery
manufacturing industries in South Africa and Africa to support the renewable energy, transportand portable sectors. Another focus is on developing supercapacitors for flexible and wearable
electronics. The activities are aimed at addressing the cost-performance ratio andenvironmentally friendly materials.
An Energy Storage Test Bed (ESTB) is being established at the CSIR in partnership with
VITO (Belgium) to support the local stationary storage market development and industrialisation.

184

Fuel cells•

Fuel cell activities are focused on developing ultra-low Platinum Group Metals (PGM) andnon-PGM based catalysts for the alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions to support
the fuel cell manufacturing and chemical industries. Polymer electrolyte membranes are also
developed for fuels cells, electrolysis and battery applications.
4. International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
CSIR with the financial support of the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the DSI
continues to establish bilateral collaborations. The South African research landscape is movingfrom applied research to deployment of energy storage solutions, which are to be done withcollaborators:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Royal Society
SA-China
SA-France
SA-Poland
European Union – Horizon Europe Programme
HySA International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE)
Regulations, Codes, Standards and Safety Working Group (RCSSWG).
• South Africa-South Korea: Developing energy materials for hydrolysis and fuel cell systems
through multiscale modeling coupled with experimental approaches.
• The CSIR and VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research - Dutch: Vlaamse
Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) to develop ESTB for stationary applications.
• Germany (through GIZ and KfW) and the European Union for the development of a greenhydrogen market and green hydrogen project development.
4-2 Issues /themes for promoting international collaboration
Key priorities from a South African perspective include green hydrogen markets, just energy
transition, renewable energy technology development, CCUS and advanced energy storage.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
The South African energy mix with its coal-based generation challenges has seen theincreased uptake of wind and solar. The intermittency of the renewables necessitates the uptakeof energy storage solutions.
South Africa has an excellent local renewable energy resource (solar and wind) as positions
the country as a potential international supplier of green hydrogen and related PtX products(Figure 4). The CSIR sees substantial opportunity for collaboration in the future hydrogenproduction, storage, transportation and utilisation markets and related technology development.

185

Figure 4: Conceptual future energy system186

Dr Thulani Dlamini
CSIR CEODr Thulani Dlamini is the Chief Executive Officer of the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). His previous roles include Vice President: Strategic Research andTechnology, General Manager: Research and Development and Chief Researcher at Sasol.
At the CSIR he previously held the positions of Centre Manager: National Laser Centre andGroup Executive: Research and Development.
Dr Dlamini graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand with a specialisation in
catalysis, and later completed a Master’s degree in Business Leadership at the University ofSouth Africa.
He has served on numerous Boards and national / international committees including thePresidential Commission on the Fourth Industrial Revolution, National Advisory Council on
Innovation and UNDP South African Programme Board. He is also a member of the South
African Academy of Science.

187

Institute/Country

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

South Africa

Theme

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

CSIR

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization
Dr Nicholas Musyoka, CSIR

(Domestic) - North West University, University of South Africa,
https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
Tshwane University of Technology, University of Pretoria
https://www.csir.co.za/smart-places(International) - University of Nottingham (UK), Lublin University ofTechnology (Poland)(Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan with expertise inmaterials-based hydrogen storage, methanol catalyst development
and field testing of composite cylinders

Development of high-pressure composite cylinders (Type IV) with theeventual goal of incorporating the porous materials to derive conditions wasdone with attractive properties for lightweight hydrogen storage systems.

Develop cylinders for natural gas and hydrogenstorage for pressures ranging from 350 bar to
700bar. This to be applied in cars, buses andUAVs

Ashton Swaartbooi, CSIR

(Domestic) - North West University, University of South Africa,
https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
Tshwane University of Technology, University of Pretoria
https://www.csir.co.za/smart-places(Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan with expertise inmaterials-based hydrogen storage, methanol catalyst development
and field testing of composite cylinders

Localisation of international Hydrogen standards for implementation ofhydrogen transportation and stationary solutions in South Africa

To have standards implemented in the
introduction of Hydrogen mobility by buses andcars in South Africa

Drs Brian North, CSIR

(Domestic) - North West University, University of South Africa,
https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
Tshwane University of Technology, University of Pretoria
https://www.csir.co.za/smart-places(International) - University of Nottingham (UK)
(Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan with expertise inmaterials-based hydrogen storage, methanol catalyst development
and field testing of composite cylinders

Hydrogen,Standards

CCUS

Carbon dioxide utilisation in the production of methanol, other liquid fuels and To produce lowered cost methanol and related
chemicals
products utilizing green hydrogen

Drs Nicholas Musyoka / Mmalewane (Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan with expertise inmaterials-based carbon dioxide utilization for production of
Modibedi, CSIR
chemicals

Carbon dioxide capture e.g from biogas upgrading process

To capture carbon dicoxide from non-fossil
sources and its utilisation in the production ofsynthetic fuels and chemicals

Dr Nicholas Musyoka, CSIR

(Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan with expertise in carbon https://www.csir.co.za/futuredioxide capture
production-chemicals

Turquoise hydrogen production from cracking of biogas and biomethane

To produce clewan hydrogen frombiogenic/sustainable feedstocks as acomplement to water electrolysis

Dr Nicholas Musyoka, CSIR

(Desired collaboration) - Institutes in Japan and other G20 countries https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

Development of electrocatalysts, membranes and membrane electrodeassemblies for fuel cells and electrolyzers

Production of lower cost materials solutions

Dr Mmalewane Modibedi, CSIR

（Domestic) ●Universities of Johannesburg and Western Cape
（International）● University of Georgia, KIER (South Korea)(Desired collaboration) ●Tokuyama for the anion exchange
membrane development

https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
https://www.csir.co.za/smart-places

Development of thermal research laboratory, strategy and technology
demonstrators

Thermal systems laboratory, whereby targeted
R&D will be used to develop novel waste heatrecovery, power-to-heat, solar thermal andthermal energy storage solutions in order tosupport the optimisation of thermal energy enduse in industry

Tobias van Reenen, CSIRSANEDI

https://www.csir.co.za/smart-places

CCUS

CCUS

Utilization

Thermal Energy
Research

Related information

Develop efficient and reliable hydrogen storage
technology for light-duty vehicles.
Hydrogen,
Storage

Hydrogen,
StoragePartnership (if any)

188

https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

The 4th RD20, Oct 6 2022
Türkiye’s Energy Profile and R&D Activities at TUBITAK MAM
Dr. Dogan Gezer
Research Group Leader at TUBITAK MAM
1. Introduction
Türkiye is geographically located between energy producing countries of its region withmore than 75% of the world’s proven oil and gas reserves and the well-developed European
energy consumer markets. This privileged natural position provides Türkiye with both
opportunities and responsibilities in terms of energy security. Türkiye remains convinced of theneed to strengthen this unique role given by its geostrategic location. In this regard, whiledeveloping its energy strategy, Türkiye aims to strengthen its position between East-West andSouth-North Energy Corridors. Türkiye’s demand for energy and natural resources has been
increasing due to economic and population growth. In recent years, Türkiye has recorded one of
the fastest growth in electricity demand among OECD members, that is the demand has been
increased 488% from 1990 to 2021 1 and reached 332 billion kWh 2 by the end of 2021. In 2021,
47% of total primary electrical energy supply has supplied by domestic energy production.
Electrical energy production from renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal
has more than doubled since 2009, while traditional bioenergy usage for residential heating has
decreased 3.
Economic expansion, rising per capita income, positive demographic trends, and the rapid
pace of urbanization have been the main drivers of energy demand, which is estimated toincrease by around 6 percent per annum through 2023. In order to satisfy the increasing demandin the country, the current installed electricity capacity has reached 101,5 GW 4 by the end of
December 2021 with the investments commissioned by the private sector. As part of its efforts toprovide sustainable and reliable energy to consumers, Türkiye offers investors favorable
incentives, such as feed-in-tariffs, purchase guarantees, connection priorities, license
exemptions, etc., depending on the type and capacity of the energy generation facility.
In addition to the growing energy demand, the other characteristic of the Turkish energy
markets is the dependency on imports. Recent energy data indicates that Türkiye is a net energy
importer country, depending on such imports for 69% of its energy needs. This high rate ofenergy dependence has been the main driving force behind the formulation and implementationof new policies to commission local and renewable energy resources. The recent energy trend
in Türkiye has paved the way in legislative and practical terms for increasing renewables’ sharein total installed capacity and electricity generation.
The main elements of Türkiye’s energy strategy can be summarized as follows:
1) Taking into account increasing energy demand and import dependency, prioritization
among energy supply security related activities
2) Within the context of sustainable development, giving due consideration toenvironmental concerns all along the energy chain
1

https://www.iea.org/countries/Türkiye
https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-enerji-elektrik
3
IEA Türkiye_2021_Energy_Policy_Review
4https://ytbs.teias.gov.tr/
21893) Increasing efficiency and productivity, establishing transparent and competitive market
conditions through reform and liberalization
4) Augmenting research and development on energy technologies.
Through application of these four basic principles, Türkiye aims for the following goals;
1) Diversification of supply routes and sources for imported oil and natural gas
2) Increasing the ratio of local and renewable energy in Turkish grid energy mix
3) Increasing energy efficiency
4) Adding nuclear to our energy mix.
Türkiye continues its efforts to increase the share of clean & renewable energy sources inand add the nuclear power to its energy mix for the purpose of reducing its energy importdependency, maximizing the use of domestic resources, and combating climate change.
Clean & Renewable Energy
Türkiye has a substantial amount of renewable energy potential, and the utilization of thispotential has been increasing over the last decade. The share of RE capacity is 51.6 % whenhydroelectric power plants with dam capacity is considered, and 27.7% when only the run-offhydroelectric river plants are considered among others, while the share of RE in the annual
generation of 305 TWh is 42.3 % by the end of 2020 5. As an indication of the importance given
to renewable energy, Türkiye also became a founding member of the International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA) on 26 January 2009. Moreover, solar, biomass/biogas, andgeothermal energy resources will also comprise a significant portion of the total capacity as
rapid growth in utilization of these resources will be experienced in the coming years. Türkiye
has made it a priority to increase the share of renewable sources in the country’s total installed
power to a remarkable 30 percent by 2023, and it was already achieved by end of 2020 when the42.3 % share is considered. This runs in parallel to the government’s commitment to energy
efficiency, whereby it is enacting laws that set principles for saving energy, at both individualand corporate levels, as well as providing incentives to energy efficiency investments. For
example, the Turkish government introduced the new Renewable Energy Resource Zone
(YEKA) model in 2016 in order to commission large-scale renewable energy projects throughutilization of locally-manufactured components in the renewable power plants. Under the model,
the largest-ever solar power auction in Türkiye's history took place on March 20, 2017, while asimilar tender for 1-GW wind power plants took place in August 2017 with local manufacturing
and R&D requirements. A second YEKA for wind is done in March 2019 for 1 GW, and asecond YEKA for solar PV is announced for January 2020 but cancelled. 1 GW of solar capacity
is divided into smaller capacities and the auction successfully took place in April-May 2021.
Türkiye's 11th Development Plan 6 (2019-2023) also mentions biomass and waste utilization,utilization of lignite through gasification for the production of valuable chemicals as areas oftechnology development. The plan includes the support for R&D projects on clean coaltechnologies.
TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK MAM)
TUBITAK MAM conducts project-based studies in the field of energy technologies. The
vision of TUBITAK MAM is "to be the pioneer and leading research center in the field ofenergy in Türkiye." The mission statement of TUBITAK MAM is "to contribute to the global
5
6

https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-enerji-elektrik
http://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/OnbirinciKalkinmaPlani.pdf

190

competitiveness and sustainable development of Türkiye by developing new, advanced energy
technologies and energy conservation measures." TUBITAK MAM provides and develops
technological knowledge into practical applications in advanced and innovative energy andtransportation technologies areas. It forms a bridge between fundamental research andcommercial & industrial applications.
TUBITAK MAM cooperates with national and international institutions on science andtechnology projects, constantly develops its infrastructure and capabilities.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
TUBITAK MAM’s research activities on clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
include areas such as Clean Coal and Biomass Technologies, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Technologies, Electrical Power Technologies and Power Systems and Renewable Energy
Technologies. All of these activities contribute to the development of clean energy technology
in Türkiye. The sub-divisions under these main areas are generally formed as research teams
comprised of experts.
3. Specific research activities
The research teams on coal combustion and gasification, coal gas cleaning, coal to liquid,utilizing coal with biomass and thermal power plant technologies conduct various laboratory
and pilot scale projects and applies technology in the site of customer. There are many projects
all of which have in common is the aim to apply Türkiye’s own technology to utilize from
Turkish coal resources. In this sense Liquid Fuel Production from Coal and Biomass Blends
Project (TRİJEN) aims to produce more economic, efficient and clean liquid fuels from coaland biomass and therefore to enhance the utilization of the widespread national resources forsustainable development and energy security. The pilot scale liquid fuel production plant has
been successfully established in Soma and another related project of pre-design of commercial
plant has been started. Another Project Tunçbilek Methanol production includes the study ofentrained flow gasification and synthesis of methanol. Development and Localization of
Thermal Power Plant Technologies (MILTES) Project, another one, aimed to work on thedevelopment of a 22 MWe thermal power plant based on circulating fluidized bed combustor
which is more suitable and more environmentally-friend for Türkiye’s coal. The design iscompleted.
TUBITAK MAM has more than 15 year-experience in hydrogen technologies especially inthe areas of hydrogen production and purification. A pilot scale hydrogen production system
has been constructed based on the gasification of biomass as a renewable energy source.
Moreover, TUBITAK MAM works on technology development for hydrogen production
through reforming of hydrocarbon based fuels. Fuel processors at several capacities(1kWe-5kWe) for PEM fuel cell applications are successfully established during last decades
supplied by both governmental and European projects. Moreover, a 300kWe demo-scale plant
based on diesel reforming has been also constructed and tested successfully for martial
applications. For both types of production technologies, gas conditioning and gas cleaning
become crucial since CO-free hydrogen is needed in almost all of the hydrogen applications.
Hence, highly experienced team in hydrogen purification have worked on water-gas shift
reactions, granular filter, ceramic filter, COS hydrolyze unit, H2S scrubbers, zinc oxide
columns, tar removal and so on. Hydrogen production from hydrocarbon results in CO2
production and hence the carbon capture in amine distillation and usage in chemical productionis also one of the strategic area of TUBITAK MAM as mentioned in the following. For the191decarbonization strategies, a project for the development of Türkiye’s hydrogen road map has
been completed. The approach of TUBITAK MAM has been based on determination of theconvenient strategies regarding to the energy sources of Türkiye, industrial infrastructure, andthe technology readiness level of several production, purification and storage methodologies.
In the carbondioxide utilization area; special catalyst systems and catalytic reactors for the
carbondioxide utilization to valuable chemicals are to be studied. For example; in a recent
project, CO2 hydrogenation is to be developed for environmental protection and to generate avalue-added chemical product (methanol). “Lab. scale” prototypes of catalysts, chemical
reactor systems, and know-how will be developed with the target of reaching “Technological
Readiness Level (TRL)” 4-5 from TRL 2. Provided that surplus H2 is used, there is no need toconsume other special chemicals, production of which brings additional CO2 emissions.
In the framework of fuel cell technologies; hydrogen production from sodium borohydrideand natural gas are being conducted in addition to development of fuel cell stack and system
sub-components, fuel cell system integration, power conditioning and control, fuel cellcomponent and stack tests, stationary and portable applications and transportation andintelligence applications. Sodium Borohydride Vehicle and Fuel Cell Based
Micro-cogeneration System are among successful projects.
Development of PEM Type Electrolyzer: It is aimed to develop an innovative, compact,
efficient, low cost, corrosion resistant PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) type electrolyzer.
It will have a capacity of 10 kW in power and a Technological Readiness Level (THS) of 6-7,
and will be ready for field application by operating it in a laboratory environment. PEM typeelectrolyzer has been preferred because of its high efficiency, ability to start H2 production in
milliseconds, robustness, reliability, ease of transportation and distribution, low maintenanceand repair costs, modular and flexible installation. The project consists of PEM electrolyzer
system design, component development, single cell preparation and testing, module (stack)component preparation, manufacture and testing, preparation of software of control systemcomponents, system integration and testing.
At the renewable energy side, Solar Power and Hydroelectric Power Plants are main
research areas. TUBITAK MAM has an expertise on photovoltaic inverter development andcommand and control systems for photovoltaic solar power plants. TUBITAK MAM took the
responsibilities of central inverter design and project management in the Development of
Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Technologies (MİLGES) Project which aims design,
manufacturing and installation of photovoltaic power plant equipment with 80% local
technology (for solar cells with 21% efficiency, solar panels, solar central inverters with 1
MVA capacity, a plant automation system, a solar power plant with 6 MW capacity) in order tomeet national needs. The PV power plant successfully commissioned in the beginning of 2021.
For hydropower the research teams work on control, protection, excitation andsynchronization systems, speed regulator and generator design. With the National Design and
Manufacturing of Hydroelectric Power Plant Components (MİLHES) Project, TUBITAK
MAM has worked on design/manufacture and installation of newly developed components(vertical francis turbine, 11 MVA synchronous generator, speed governor, excitation system,
power plant automation and prot. system, auxiliary systems) utilizing national engineering andmaterial resources. The manufactured items are successfully installed and commissioned at
Kepez-1 HEPP/Antalya. The project aims to build a foundation for the variable speed turbine
studies for medium/small HEPPs to increase the efficiency at different possible flow
conditions.

192

TUBITAK MAM successfully completed projects on wind power (RITM Project) andhydro basins water inflow (ATHOM Project) monitoring and forecasting systems. After thecompletion of initial projects, larger dissemination projects were started in 2020. River flow
forecast and basin optimization is performed for flood prevention in the short term periods
while energy maximization is the objective in the long run in the scope of the ATHOM Project.
The natural volumetric inflow forecast success varied between 85%-99% for the 15 months’
interval, and 89%-99.6 in the 3 months’ period. The RITM project, used for monitoring andforecast of wind energy is active at all of the licensed wind power plants in the country, and the
24h forecast error normalized with the installed capacity was realized to be below 4% in 2015.
The 24h forecast errors at the individual power plants varied between 8% and 15%.
Some of the related projects conducted by TUBITAK MAM:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

TUBITAK 1007 Program -Liquid Fuel Production from Coal and Biomass Blends(TRİJEN) (2009-2020)
Development and Localization of Thermal Power Plant Technologies (MİLTES)(2013-2017)
Development of a National Flue Gas Desulphurization System for Thermal Power
Plants (MİLKAS) (2014-2018)
Methanol Production in Tunçbilek (2013-2020)
Research and Development of Methods to Benefit from Thermal Power Plant Surplus
Heats and District Heating (TSAD) (2006-2013)
TUBITAK 1003 Program - Hydrogen Production (via Gasification) from Biomass(2010-2013)
Fuel Cell Based Micro-Cogeneration System (5 KWe/30 KWth) (2006-2010)
Fuel Cell Based Micro-Cogeneration System / Site Application (2 KWe) (2016-2022)
Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cell Vehicle (2009-2012)
Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cell Based Range Extender for Electric Vehicles(2014-2016)
TUBITAK 1007 Program -Development of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant
Technologies (2015-2020)
TUBITAK 1007 Program -National Design and Manufacturing of Hydroelectric Power
Plant Components (2015-2019)
Hydroelectric Power Plant Rehabilitation and Digitalization Projects (a package of 10hydro-power plants) (2012-2024)
Development of a Monitoring and Forecasting System for Wind Power in Türkiye(RITM) (2012-2022)
River Flow Forecast and Basin Optimization Model (ATHOM) Project (2016-2023)

4. International collaboration
International alliance/networking development
Under the coordination of TUBITAK Presidency, there are many bilateral cooperationagreements signed with various countries at intergovernmental or inter-institutional level in thefield of science and technology. Within the framework of these agreements, joint research
projects are supported and monitored and financial support is provided for joint scientificmeetings, expert exchanges, study visits and similar activities. The programs are two types:
permanent applications and calls for projects. Many of these programs support project
proposals on clean energy research and development studies. (For more information see:www.tubitak.gov.tr) TUBITAK MAM conducted projects within the framework of these193

programs.
There are also MoUs signed between TUBITAK MAM and research centers abroad whichis reflected as partnerships. Additionally, a partnership with King Abdulaziz City for Scienceand Technology (KACST)-Saudi Arabia is established in the fields of Solar Inverter Systems
and Power Quality Analyzers.
Moreover, TUBITAK MAM is officially a member of below international organizations:• EERA AIBSL- European Energy Research Allianceo EERA Bioenergyo EERA Smart Grids
o EERA Hydropower• N. ERGHY -Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative (FCH JTI)
• EUREC- The Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centers
International joint R&D activities
Joint R&D activities of TUBITAK MAM are mostly within EU Framework programme orbilateral cooperation programmes coordinated by TUBITAK Presidency.
Here is a list of the most recent international joint projects in which TUBITAK MAM hascontributions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

ERA-NET JPP SES – Digitalization of water supply infrastructure to optimize theWater-Energy Nexus (2022-2025)
COST Action - PEN@Hydropower (2022-2025)
Horizon Europe - HORIZON-CL5-2021-D3-03 – Hidden Hydropower – H-HOPE(2022-2026)
Horizon Europe - Highly durable, low-cost membrane electrode assemblies formaritime fuel cell applications – LOCOMOTION (2022-2025)
ERA-NET ACT – Low-Cost CO2 Capture by Chemical Looping Combustion ofWaste-Derived Fuels - LOUISE (2021-2024)
Twinning - Energy Storage Through Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Methanol(2022-2025)
COST Action - Waste biorefinery technologies for accelerating sustainable energy
processes - WIRE (2021-2025)

The international projects TUBITAK MAM has been involved mostly focus on three themes:•••

green energy production through hydropower
waste treatment technologieshydrogen related technologies

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
As important as the clean & renewable energy technologies are for Türkiye’s energy strategy
in the coming years, technologies in such fields as waste processing, greenhouse gas reduction,
green power generation and clean coal technologies are also as critically important
supplementary practices. Related measures and regulations that are either currently in effect, or
will soon be in effect. As TUBITAK Marmara Research Center R&D on the mentioned areas(clean coal & biomass, hydrogen & fuel cell, solar & hydro) will continue both at national level
and the international partnership level.

194Dr. Doğan GEZERName Surname: Doğan GEZER
Address: TUBITAK MAM Enerji Enstitusu, ODTU Kampusu, 06531
Çankaya/Ankara TURKEY
Phone Number:0090 312 210 1830 / 1610
GSM: 0090 505 374 8191
e-mail:1. EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION
PhD, Mechanical Engineering
TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi (TOBB ETU)
Ankara, TURKEY

Sep. 2012-Dec. 2018

MSc, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Middle East Technical University (METU)
Ankara, TURKEY

Sep.2007-Nov. 2009

BSc, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Middle East Technical University (METU)
Ankara, TURKEY

Sep.2003-June 2007
2. EXPERIENCETÜBİTAK MAM Energy InstituteAnkara, TURKEY
Chief Senior Researcher••

Apr. 2007-Till now

3. RESEARCH AREAS
Renewable Energy, Hydropower, Speed Governor, Power Systems, Hydroelectric
SCADA, SCADA systems, Control Systems, Automation Systems
4. PUBLICATIONSa) Peer-Reviewed Journals:
1. Bütüner, M.A., Koşalay, İ., Gezer, D., “Machine-Learning-Based Modeling of a Hydraulic Speed
Governor for Anomaly Detection in Hydropower Plants”, Energies 2022, 15, 7974.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217974
2. Gezer, D., Taşcıoğlu, Y., Çelebioğlu, K., “Frequency Containment Control of Hydropower Plants
Using
Different
Adaptive
Methods”,
Energies
2021,
14(8),
2082.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082082
3. Gezer D., Taşcıoğlu Y., Çelebioğlu K., “Speed control of hydraulic turbines for grid
synchronization using simple adaptive add-ons”, Measurement and Control, 51(7–8), 276–
284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294018786743
4. Altay A., Sahin C., İskender İ., Gezer D., Çakır C., “A compensator design for the agedhydroelectric power plant speed governors”, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 133,
2016, Pages 257-268, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.12.016.

195b) Peer-Reviewed Conference Publications :1. Küçük D., and Gezer D., “Enerji Alanındaki Tahmin Problemleri için Makine Öğrenmesi ve
Derin Öğrenme Yöntemlerinin Kullanılması”, Elektrik İletim ve Üretiminde Enerji Verimliliği
Sempozyumu, Ankara, TURKEY, Feb. 2020.
2. Gezer D., Bütüner M. A., Akbulut M. S., and Canayakın R., “Hidroelektrik Santrallerde MakineÖğrenmesi Kullanılarak Aktif Güç Çıkışında Anormallik Algılama”, Elektrik İletim ve Üretiminde
Enerji Verimliliği Sempozyumu, Ankara, TURKEY, Feb. 2020.
3. Gezer D., Tascioglu Y. ve Celebioglu K. “A Software-in-the-loop Simulation Setup for
Hydroelectrıc Power Plants”, ECRES’17, Sarajevo, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, Aug. 2017.
4. Ozkaya D., Gezer, D. et al. “Validation of Hydroelectric Power Plant Model for Speed Governor
Development Studies”, ICRERA’15, Palermo, ITALY, Nov.2015.
5. Gezer D., Unver H.O., Tascioglu Y., Celebioglu K. and Aradag S. “Design and Simulation of a
SCADA System using SysML and Simulink”, ICRERA’13, Madrid, SPAIN, Oct. 2013.
6. Gezer D. and Uludağ S. “An MV Distribution Automation System and Its Assessment in Light of
the Smart Grid Vision”, Power Eng2013, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE, May 2013.
7. Tursun F., Smaiai M., Sahin C. and Gezer D., “Impacts of PV installation on the low voltage
residential distribution networks: A case study of Yildiz”, Power Eng2013, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE,May 2013.
8. Gezer D., Altay A., Çakır C., Şahin C. and Nadar A. “A Test System for Developing Electronic
Speed Governor of a Hydropower Plant”, NURER’12, Istanbul, TÜRKİYE, May 2012.
9. Gezer D., Şahin C., Nadar A. and Altay A. “Implementation of a Test System based on OPC
Server for Development of Electronic Speed Governor in Gezende HEPP”, ELECO’11, Bursa,TÜRKİYE, Dec. 2011.
10. Gezer, D., Nadar, A. ve Şahin, C. and Prof. Dr. Özay, N. “Evaluation of Geographical
Distribution of Wind Power Plants”, ICCEP 2011, Ischia, ITALY, June 2011.
11. Şahin, C., Nadar, A., Gezer, D., Graditi, G. and Adinolfi, G. “Smart Distribution Automation
System” ICCEP 2011, Ischia, ITALY, June 2011.
12. Gezer, D., Nadar, A. and Prof. Dr. Özay, N. "IEC 61850 Standardı ve Hidroelektrik Santrallerin
Otomasyon Sistemlerine Uygulanması", ELECO’08, Bursa, TÜRKİYE, Nov. 2008.
13. Nadar, A., Şahin, C., Gezer, D. et al. “Design, Development and Prototype Production ofControl, Measurement and Protection System For Small and Medium Size HydroelectricPower Plant Project”, Powergen Europe 2008.
c) Books, Chapters and Other Publications:
1. Bindner H. W., Marinelli M., Gezer D., et al., Overview of Simulation Tools for Smart Grids,
Danish National Research Database, May 2013.
2. Gezer D., Şahin C., Nadar A., Altay A. and Çakır C., Gezende HES’teki Yeni Elektronik Hız
Regülatörünün Geliştirilmesi için OPC Sunucu Tabanlı Test Sisteminin Kurulumu, Türkiye’de ve
Dünyada Otomasyon Dergisi (Industrial Magazine), April 2012.
3. Gezer, D., Nadar, A. ve Prof. Dr. Özay, N., IEC 61850 Standardı ve Hidroelektrik Santrallerin
Otomasyon Sistemlerine Uygulanması, Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Otomasyon Dergisi (Industrial
Magazine), March 2009.
5. PROJECTS
1. Digitalization of water supply infrastructure to optimize the Water-Energy Nexus
Customer: ERA-NET Cofund
Duration: 2022/2025
Duty: Project Coordinator
2. Hidden Hydropower for Europe
Customer: HEU
Duration: 2022/2026
Duty: Partner

196

3. Unmanned Operated Machine Learning Supported Hydro Unit in Drinking Water Supply
Network-DESKI Pilot Plant
Customer: TENMAK-DESKI
Duration: 2022/2024
Duty: Project Manager
4. Batman HEPP Development of Control Systems Project (138 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2022/2024
Duty: Deputy Project Manager
5. Aslantas HEPP Development of Control Systems Project (138 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2020/2023
Duty: Deputy Project Manager
6. Keban HEPP Development of Control Systems Project (1440 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2017/2023
Duty: Project Manager
7. MILHES Project (10 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2014/2017
Duty: Lead Engineer of Design Work Package
8. Kadıncık I-II HEPP Refurbishment Project (126 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2013/2019
Duty: Project Manager
9. Seyhan I HEPP Refurbishment Project (60 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2013/2019
Duty: Deputy Project Manager
10. Karkamış HEPP SCADA Refurbishment and Communication Systems Project (196 MW)
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2012/2017
Duty: Lead Engineer of 3 different work packages
11. Gezende HEPP Refurbishment Project
Customer: Elektrik Üretim A. Ş. (EÜAŞ)Duration: 2010/2014
Duty: Lead Engineer of Speed Governor Work Package
12. Smart Grid Controller for Low Voltage Network
Customer: KACST /Saudi Arabia
Duration: 2010/2013
Duty: Researcher

197

13. European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) Studies
Customer: FP7
Duration: 2010/2016
Duty: Researcher
14. TEİAŞ (Turkish TSO) Consultancy for Electrical Quality Services
Customer: Türkiye Elektrik İletim A. Ş. (TEİAŞ)Duration: 2010/2011
Duty: Researcher
15. Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli Hidroelektrik Santraller için Kontrol, Kumanda ve Gözlem Sistemi
Tasarımı ve Prototip Kurulumu
Customer: Türkiye Elektromekanik A. Ş. (TEMSAN)
Duration: 2007/2009
Duty: Researcher
16. OTHER ACTIVITIES
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Low Carbon Energy-2020
Scientific Committee Member: World Bank Efficiency in Transmission and Generation in Turkey
Symposium - 2020
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Low Carbon Energy-2019-2
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Low Carbon Energy-2018-1
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Low Carbon Energy – 2015-1
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Digital Security – 2015-1
Expert Evaluator: H2020- Secure Societies – Low Carbon Energy – 2014-1
Advisory Committee Member: Smart Grid in Turkey Symposium - 2013

198

Institute/Country

Category

Hydrogen
TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /TürkiyeProduction /Storage

Subtheme

Related programs(with short summary)Technology development for hydrogen production through gasification of biomass as a renewable energy source.
Hydrogen purification and storage with related separation and purification techniques applied. Hydrogen can be useddirectly as fuel in fuel cells or as a chemical feedstock [2016-2020].
2016 - 2020 (R&D span)

A Field Application of a Fuel Cell Microcogeneration Unit . Technology development for hydrogen production throughautothermal reforming of natural gas and a low temperature PEM fuel cell system. Hydrogen purification with related
purification techniques has been applied. Hydrogen which is produced by the FPU (Fuel Processing Unit) will be useddirectly as fuel in fuel cell module to produce electricity (2 kWe) or as a chemical feedstock [2016-2020].
TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /TürkiyeProduction /Storage2015 - 2020 (R&D span)

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Design and validation of a novel two staged-fluidized bed gasifier for
terrestrial biomass. Development of catalytically active candle filter.
Application of pressure swing adsorption for hydrogen separation.
Dr. Yeliz Çetin
Hydrogen storage through pressurized cyllinders. Pilot scale field tests forhydrogen production.
Dr. Hakan Karataş

Design and integration of a microcogeneration unit using existing
conventional natural gas as a fuel feedstock. Development and applicationof a microcogeneration system including FPU and FCU (Fuel Cell Unit) ,where natural gas is used as a feedstock and integrated to a 2kWe PEM
fuel cell system for residential application. Novel and compact designed
PEM fuel cell for microcogeneration. Development of a real time
Dr. Cigdem KARADAG
embedded control system unit which is designed for both hydrogenreformer/fuel cell and data acquisition of the power converter. Design of anembedded data acquisition and control system to provide a self-regulated
process of the hydrogen reformer unit (FPU). Lab and pilot scale field
application & long term tests for two microcogeneration unit

Partnership (if any)

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en(Domestic) Yıldız Technical University forcatalyst development, Yalova University forprocess modellinghttps://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear andMineral Research Agency

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Related with hydrogen production project/(Development of PEM Type Electrolyzer): It is aimed to develop an innovative,
compact, efficient, low cost, corrosion resistant PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) type electrolyzer. It will have acapacity of 10 kW in power and a Technological Readiness Level (THS) of 6-7 and will be ready for field application by
operating it in a laboratory environment.
TÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Production
2021 - 2024

Consists of 1 Nm3/hr PEM electrolyzer system design, component
development, single cell preparation and testing, module (stack)component preparation, manufacture and testing, preparation of softwareof control system components, system integration and testing

Dr. Emin Okumus

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear andMineral Research Agency

Related with hydrogen storage project/(Blending of green hydrogen produced by surplus electricity into natural gas
pipeline, pilot application and dissemination): it is planned to produce green hydrogen by PEM electrolyzer from surplus
electricity of renewable energy.

TÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Storage2021 - 2024

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /Türkiyehttps://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Installation and performances analysis of a boiler, a patented burner and a
micro-cogeneration (mCHP) unit will be determined by using blended gas
mixture of green hydrogen and natural gas. Pilot application of blending of Dr. Emin Okumus
gas mixture into BOTA Ş Yaprac ı k facility pipeline will be done. Theinteraction analysis and characterization of materials in the pipelines will bealso determined and dissemination of project concept will be evaluatedRepublic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy andNatural Resources / BOTAŞ

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Related with hydrogen and CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) technologies: The projects have been carriedout under four main areas: production, storage, distribution and utilizations, with studies for the preparation of a technology In the project, a technology research agenda, technology roadmap andresearch agenda, roadmap and implementation plans.
implementation plans have been prepared in the fields of production,
Road Map

TUBITAK MAM
Hydrogen
Energyutilization (FuelTechnologies /Tcell)ürkiye2021 - 2022

Related information

Dr. Aslı Sayar
storage, distribution and utilization. Especially considering the energy,
industry and transportation sectors:
With ten-year definitions, projections have been made until 2053.
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Tahsin Bahar
The roadmap has included the role of hydrogen and CCUS in the specified
sectors for Türkiye and the recommendations on the vision, strategy andimplementation plans necessary for transformation and adaptation.

Highly durable, low-cost membrane electrode assemblies for maritime fuel cell applications (LOCOMOTION). The project
aims development of new fuel cell components with reduced cost and increased durability compared to commercial
In the project, inital development and screening of hydrocarbon
standard.
membranes and graphene based catalyst supports and graphene
supported PtCo catalysts will be performed. Catalyst ink optimization and2022 - 2025
fabrication of high quality catalyst coated membranes will be developed.
Single cell fuel cell performance and durability testing will be done.

CCUS

199

Dr. Çiğdem Karadağ

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear andMineral Research Agency

SINTEF (Norway); CealTech (Norway),
HyPlat (South Africa)

https://www.sintef.no/en/projects/2022/lo
comotion-highly-durable-low-costmembrane-electrode-assemblies-formaritime-fuel-cell-applications/Institute/Country

Category

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyCarbon CaptureTechnologies /TürkiyeSubtheme

Related programs(with short summary)
CO2 capture studies were conducted within a national project entitled “Liqued Fuel Production from Blends of Biomass
and Coal (TRIJEN)”. The aim of this project was to produce economical, efficient, and clean liquid fuels from biomass andcoal mixtures, two resources that are nationally widespread, develop new technologies for such plants, and finally todemonstrate the project outcome as a pilot scale plant.
Applied research and new technology development was conducted through the following key topics with this project;• Coal and biomass gasification technologies,• Gas cleaning technologies,• Gas conditioning technologies,• CO2 separation technologies,• Syngas to liquid fuels conversion systems• Usage of syngas for power generation technologies.

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

A lab-scale carbon dioxide capture test unit based on chemical absorption Ozgur Can Korkmaz
was designed; constructed and parametric tests were conducted. Later “apilot-scale CO2 capture system” was designed and constructed for TRIJEN
Dr. Ersin Üresin
pilot plant site in Manisa/Turkey closed to a coal reserve of TKI (Turkish
Coal Enterprises). This system was integrated with gas cleaning and liquid
fuel production systems and operated successfully.

Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI)

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Innovative, compact, highly efficient and flexible unit for the decentralised Assoc.Prof.Dr. Tahsin Bahar
conversion of captured CO2 into methanol using surpılus H2 will be
developed. This unit will be based on a catalytic reactor which contains
Dr. Gamze Behmenyar
catalysts with enhanced properties such as elevated heat and masstransfer, high surface to volume ratios and low-pressure drop. This design
strategy considers both reaction and transport issues related with theexothermic nature of carbon conversion process. The prototype will bevalidated at a relevant environment at bench/pilot scale.

1-Koruma Klor Alkali San. ve Tic. A.Ş
2-University of the Punjab (PUNJAB)
3-Nimir Industrial Chemicals Limited(NIMIR)

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Innovative, highly efficient and flexible pilot system for the conversion of
captured CO2 into sysnthetic natural gas using surplus H2 will be
developed. This unit will be based on a catalytic reactor which contains
developed catalysts with enhanced properties such as elevated heat andmass transfer, high surface to volume ratios and low-pressure drop. This
design strategy considers both reaction and transport issues related withthe exothermic nature of carbon conversion process.

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear andMineral Research Agency

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

2009 - 2020

Current

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyCarbon utilization
Technologies /TürkiyeEnergy storage through CO2 hydrogenation is to be developed for environmental protection and to generate a valueadded chemical product (methanol). “Lab. scale” prototypes of catalysts, chemical reactor systems, and know-how will be
developed with the target of reaching “Technological Readiness Level (TRL)” 4-5 from TRL 2. Provided that surplus H2 isused, there is no need to consume other special chemicals, production of which brings additional CO2 emissions.

2022 - 2025

Current

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyCarbon utilization
Technologies /TürkiyeUtilizing carbon dioxide to fuels (predominantly synthetic natural gas and other light (<C7) hydrocarbons) for use in theenergy sector by using thermo-chemical catalytic methods are studied currently. In this context, developing unique
catalysts and innovative processes are designed.Kinetic data extraction, modeling and simulation studies are carried out
to design the prototype reactor system.
2022 - 2025
Current

ACT-LOUISE – "Low-cost CO2 capture by chemical looping combustion of waste-derived fuels"
ACT (Accelerating CCS Technologies) is an ERA NET Cofund, which is a tool established by the European Commission
under the Horizon 2020 programme for research and innovation.
LOUISE aims to reduce the cost of CO2 capture by demonstrating an innovative method of generating power and heatfrom waste (and providing a concentrated stream of CO2 that can be used or permanently stored).

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyCarbon captureTechnologies /TürkiyeAssoc.Prof.Dr. Tahsin Bahar

In the scope of the project feasibility of using solid recovered waste-derived Dr. Ufuk Kayahan
fuel (SRF) in CLC and demonstrate the technology in a real environment
by conducting pilot tests at a scale of up to 1 MWth (TRL 6) will be
Dr. Berrin Engin
investigated. It will lay the foundation for a system prototype demonstrationin an operational environment by developing a basic design of a 10 MWthdemonstration plant (TRL 7). The successful operation of this 10 MWthplant will encourage the realisation of a commercial waste-to-energy plant
based on CLC technology around the year 2030.
Assuming that half of the 50 Mt/year of SRF/RDF anticipated in 2050 isused for CLC with 90% CO2 capture efficiency, the potential to avoid CO2
emissions in the EU is as high as 31 Mt/year. Further CO2 reductions are
possible if CLC is also applied to other kinds of waste, such as biogenic
residues or industrial wastes.

Technical University of Darmstadt (TUDA) https://www.sintef.no/en/projects/2021/lo
Doosan Lentjes GmbH (DL)uise-low-cost-co2-capture-by-chemicallooping-combustion-of-waste-derivedCheMin GmbH (CHEMIN)
fuels/
Provadis Hochschule (PHS)Infraserv GmbH & Co. Höchst KG (ISH)
EEW Energy from Waste GmbH (EEW)
SINTEF Energy Research (SINTEF-ER)
SINTEF AS (SINTEF)NORSUS (Norwegian Institute for
Sustainability Research)
Kvitebjørn Bio-El AS (BIO-EL)
Geminor AS (GEMINOR)
Kronos Titan AS (KRONOS)
Titania AS (TITANIA)
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas(CERTH)
Helector A.S. (HELECTOR)
Scientific and Technological ResearchCouncil of Turkey (TUBITAK)
SOCAR Türkiye Enerji A.Ş. (SOCAR)

The RITM project, used for monitoring and forecast of wind energy is active Dr. Mehmet Barış Özkan,
at all of the licensed wind power plants in the country, and the 24h forecast
error normalized with the installed capacity was realized to be below 4% in Dr. Serkan Buhan
2021. The 24h forecast errors at the individual power plants varied
between 8% and 15%. Ultimate goal is to integrate this forecast system in TUBİTAK MAM
an integrated Renewable Resources Forecast System

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and https://ritm.enerji.gov.tr/root/index_eng.p
Natural Resources - General Directorate of hp
Energy Affairs

2021 - 2024

WindTÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Wind resource

Forecasting power generated from the wind in Turkey for very short (0-6 hours) and short (6-72 hours) periods using
physical, statistical and hybrid methods, monitoring the forecasts with actual generation values. As of the end of 2022,
daily power forecsts are produced for 250 wind power plants with a total installed power of approximately 10.5 GW in thesystem, and the power quality parameters of the power plants can be monitored instantly from the system.
2007 - 2023 (R&D span)

PV

200

Institute/CountryTÜBİTAK MAM
Materials
Institute/Turkiye

Category

PV Module
Development

Subtheme

Related programs(with short summary)
The studies were started and partially supported by projects Development of Photovoltaıc Based Solar Power Plant
Technology - MİLGES and Development of Space Qualified Solar Panel for IMECE Satellite project. As part of MILGES
project solar modules out from 3BB and 4BB cells were developed with 1.7% CTM losses.

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization
Alp Osman Kodolbas

Design, manifacturing and testing of photovoltaic solar module

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Parla Solar, Denizlii Turkiye

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en
https://malzeme.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Middle East Technical University (METU)

http://ee.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Okan Yılmaz
Alper Seçgin2014 - 2022 (R&D span)

TUBITAK MAM

Power Electronics

TÜBİTAK MAM PV Micro, String
Energyand Central
Institute/Turkey
Inverters

PV inverter studies started with the development of micro inverter for harsh environment like desert climates. 24 units of Design, validation, manufacturing and commissioning of
300W inverters are operating safely since 2014 in Solar Village facilities at Riyadh / Saudi Arabia. Then, first national- Central Inverters for Solar PV Power Plant (1-2.5 MW)
central inverter has been developed under the Development of Photovoltaic Based Solar Power Plant Technologies- String Inverters for Multiple PV Panels (100-300 kW)(MILGES) Project. 1MW solar central inverter has modular 250kW two-level sub-inverters which are operated as needed - Micro Inverter for Single Panel (300-500 W)
to increase partial load efficiency and reliability. The inverter is designed to support battery storage interface and provide Technology transfer to engineering companies after successful
reactive support to the grid as well as solar inverter function. 6 MW PV power plant was successfully commisioned in 2020 demonstration.
at TİGEM Ceylanpinar facilities and it is mainly utilized for agricultural irrigation. Also, 2.5MW 3-level central inverter
designed for 1500V panels is in prototype stage. On the side of string inverters, a 125kW inverter is under development for
1500V panels in the scope of Turkish Photovoltaics Technology Platform (TFTP) project.

Ali Burhan Haliloğlu
Tülay Avcı
/ TÜBİTAK MAM

2014 - 2024 (R&D span)
CurrentTÜBİTAK MAM
Energy
FACTS Devices
Institute/TurkeyTÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

HVDC

Turnkey production of application specific & tailored systems and devices for various industry organizations and TSO is
Design, validation, manufacturing and commissioning ofcarried out. Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) based Static VAR compensator (SVC) systems, power quality regulator - SVC Systems (1-50 MVAr)
systems like Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Active Power Filters are being developed for reactive- STATCOM Systems (1-50 MVAr)
power compensation, terminal voltage regulation, damping of power oscillations and elimination of harmonics according to - Active Power Filters (350 - 3000 kVA)
the desired voltage level and power. In the implementation of these systems, 2 or multi-level converter structures can beapplied.

Ali Burhan Haliloğlu

To gain the technology for high voltage direct current systems that generate asynchronous interconnection between
Design, prototype development and validation ofalternating current networks or transmit high powers over long distances a prototype of 6kV-AC, 10MW system has been - MMC based Back-to-Back Connected HVDC prototype
developed under the Modular Multilevel Converter Based Back-to-Back High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) System
Development Project. 2 modular multilevel converters with 7 half-bridge topology submodules in each arm have been
implemented and connected back-to-back to form an 11kV DC busbar. Performance tests of the HVDC prototype werecarried out in a closed loop manner by connecting back-to-back converters to the same AC busbar and taking the power
produced by one converter to the other. Validation tests of the system will be carried out by series connection of thesystem to the grid in a suitable transformer substation.

Ali Burhan Haliloğlu

http://ee.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Tülay Avcı
/ TÜBİTAK MAM
http://ee.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Tülay Avcı
/ TÜBİTAK MAM

2014 - 2024 (R&D span)TÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Generator
Excitation
Systems

Rehabilitation of generator excitation systems of power plants is carried out with domestic resources. Static excitation
systems with thyristor based rectifiers up to 3000A DC and dynamic excitation systems with IGBT/MOSFET based
rectifiers up to 30A DC can be designed, manufactured and commissioned for hydroelectric and termal power plants forincreasing efficiency, availability and installed capacity.

Design, validation, manufacturing and commissioning of- ~3000Adc Static Excitation System- ~30Adc Dynamic Excitation System

Ali Burhan Haliloğlu
Tülay Avcı
/ TÜBİTAK MAM

2015 - 2026 (R&D span)201

http://ee.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

The Net Zero transition in the UK and the role of the UK Energy ResearchCentreProfessor Rob Gross
Director, UK Energy Research Centre
Professor of Energy Policy & Technology, Imperial College London

1. Introduction
In the last 12 months UKERC has focused on effectively responding to unprecedented andunanticipated changes. Following the period of COVID19 lockdowns and associated changes
in energy demand and patterns of consumption, and with the global economy rebounding in thesecond half of 2021, low energy prices gave way to record high prices. Gas prices soared sixfold to an all-time high, pushing up bills and driving some price-capped UK energy suppliers
out of business. Subsequently, following the war in Ukraine, and the very real risk of disruption
in gas supplies to Europe, high prices are expected throughout the coming winter and maysustain for some years. This is impacting the macro-economy through inflationary effects notexperienced for 40 years, as well as creating significant problems for affordability, fuel poverty
and businesses.
At the same time we have seen changes in energy and climate change policy. Policy
developments started with the increased ambition of the Climate Change Act as the UK adopted
Net Zero, leading to a new target for the Sixth Carbon Budget. We have also seen an Energy
White Paper, and interlinked global and national policies as the UK took leadership at COP26.
Decarbonisation plans and strategies were announced across many sectors, with an overarching
Net Zero Strategy. UKERC has engaged with government, industry and other stakeholders on
all of this. A key priority for us has been to adjust our research to respond to changing events,
and to operate flexibly so we stay relevant and deliver high levels of impact.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
UKERC does not conduct RD&D research on specific clean energy technologies. UKERC’s
research is by design interdisciplinary and follows a ‘whole systems’ approach. This includes:• research that covers multiple aspects of the energy system, for example such as networks
and demand• research that integrates different disciplinary perspectives, drawing together insights fromthe engineering, social and natural sciences communities, and•research that examines the interactions between energy and other systems, for example
exploring the links between the transition to net zero and ecosystem services.

UKERC is currently in the middle of its fourth five-year phase of funding. During this phase,

UKERC’s research programme will focus on seven main research themes:202

1. UK Energy in a Global Context. The shale revolution in North America, the Paris
Agreement, and the fall in the cost of renewable power and increasing emphasis on
demand management and electrification of transport has changed the global context ofUK’s low carbon energy transition. This theme explores this changing global context andthe potential implications of Brexit for the UK energy system.
2. Local and Regional Energy Systems. Many scenarios predict a future clean energy systemwith a high proportion of decentralised energy, locally-integrated multi-vector systems,
and diverse business structures including local ownership and control. This theme
explores the socio-technical parameters and potentials of this challenge, with the aim to
inform decisions that serve local and whole system goals.
3. Energy, Environment and Landscapes. The trend towards energy system decarbonisationand decentralisation has created a growing awareness of the potential interactions with theenvironment and land use. This theme applies ecosystem service and natural capital
approaches to understand the environmental implications of changes in the UK energy
system, and to provide new tools for decision-makers.
4. Energy Infrastructure Transitions. Energy system change requires decisions to be madeabout the transformation of existing energy infrastructures and the development of newones, all for a future in which the energy transition pathway remains uncertain. Researchin this theme focuses on infrastructure resilience, finance, governance and public attitudes
to change.
5. Energy for Mobility. The transport sector is responsible for 40% of UK final energy
consumption, 98% of which is fuelled by oil. This theme targets areas where transport
decarbonisation efforts are generating particularly acute technological and governancechallenges for the energy system, especially at the local level.
6. Energy Systems for Heat. With almost half of UK energy consumption being heat related,
net-zero by 2050 relies on drastic action. This theme analyses heat decarbonisation
pathways at national and local levels, characterises key uncertainties, and explores
challenges and opportunities.
7. Industrial Decarbonisation. This theme is exploring future pathways to thedecarbonisation of industry through detailed bottom-up analysis of current and newtechnologies, material and project outputs, trade patterns and infrastructure. Building on
previous research, the theme takes a whole-systems approach to industrial energy use andgoes beyond the major energy intensive sectors.
Additionally, we have recently started two cross-centre integrating projects that are focusing on
supporting the UK’s transition to net zero. The first one is focusing on energy security and net
zero and is comprised of a series of briefings that contribute to the ongoing debate by addressing
questions around geopolitics, the costs and benefits of energy system change and the actors that
could lead the implementation of the energy system transition. The second integrating project
explores infrastructure transformation and net zero, and aims to address issues such as theinterdependencies and critical paths in infrastructure transformation, flexibility, trade-offs withenvironmental policy and public acceptability.
3. Specific research activities
While UKERC does not conduct RD&D on specific energy technologies, many of our projects,
both completed and ongoing, are relevant and explore the broader technical, economic,

203environmental and policy implications of such technologies in the context of the transition to
net zero. Relevant projects are the following:
1. Resilience of the future energy system (2020-22)
2. Incumbents and new entrants: simulation modelling (2019-22)
3. Regional economic and industrial transitions (2021-24)
4. The impacts of renewables on ES & natural capital at the local to regional scale (2019-22)
5. Preparing the electricity network for EVs (2019-22)
6. Interactions between sectors in the delivery of low carbon aviation & shipping (2020-23)
7. Decarbonisation of heat in the UK (2019-2024)
8. Heating systems as a source of flexibility (2020-24)
9. Heat supply in local/ regional energy systems (2020-23)
10. A comparative analysis of heat decarbonization strategies in the UK and the Netherlands(2021-23)
11. Industrial decarbonisation (2019-22)
12. Energy security and net zero (2022-24)
13. Infrastructure and net zero (2022-24)
4. International collaboration
Part of UKERC’s role is to act as a focal point for UK energy research and a gateway between
the UK and the international energy research communities. Collaborations within Europe areprioritised due to their importance for the UK energy research community, and due to
UKERC’s official role within the European Energy Research Alliance (see below).
Collaborative activities outside the EU are assessed using specific criteria. These include
whether this a priority country for UK energy policies; whether there is an engagement gap
UKERC is well placed to fill; the extent to which there is a shared energy research agenda,
including a critical mass of research capacity on both sides.
UKERC’s international collaborations include frequent bilateral discussions with international
researchers, governments and companies; as well as more substantive partnerships. Further
information on key collaborative relationships is set out below:
International Energy Agency (IEA)
UKERC has long-standing links to the IEA. Particular areas of shared interest include energy
system modelling and the integration of renewables into power grids.
Low Carbon Societies Research Network (LCRS-Net)
UKERC also has a long-standing association with another Japan-hosted activity, LCRS-net,with UKERC representatives attending annual meetings either in person or online.
UK-SINUKERC has long-standing links to the Science and Innovation Network (UK-SIN) in overseas
consulates and embassies.
UK-Dutch exchange on Mapping public participation
UKERC members met with policymakers from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs andClimate Policy, to explore how UKERC’s societal energy participation mapping approach could204be applied in the Dutch climate policy setting. This was followed by further meetings andcorrespondence to advise on the use of this method to inform Dutch climate policy.

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
The need for whole system, interdisciplinary research in energy has never been greater.
Affordability and the economic impacts of much greater price volatility in fossil fuel markets
interplay in complex ways with issues related to the energy transition and decarbonisation
agenda. We do not yet know if we are now in a sustained period of high fossil fuel prices, but
we do now know that short run fluctuations in price of gas can be an order of magnitude larger
than the previous historical norm. Whereas a 30% price increase was once consideredsignificant, recent experience is that price can increase six-fold in a few months. The corollaryof this is that whereas an increase in household bills of £100 per year was once newsworthy weare now experiencing two doublings in under a year – taking the typical household bill fromaround £1000 over £2000,
with an increase to nearly £4000 widely anticipated by 2023. The social impacts have thepotential to be huge and macroeconomic consequences are already severe. Impacts of thisnature have not been experienced in developed countries since the oil-price shocks of the 1970s.
The interrelatedness of gas and electricity prices in most countries means that all energy prices
are increasing at once. This places analysis of energy policy in uncharted territory.
Preliminary thinking in identifying future research questions has led to the following key
themes:
The affordability challenge: New thinking is needed urgently if we are to rise to the challengeof sustained high energy prices. Energy efficiency improvements across homes and businesses
can help, but will take time and effort to deliver, and in any case are not a panacea.
The geopolitical challenge: The gas crisis is clearly highlighting the UK’s exposure to global
geopolitical and geoeconomics risks and the cost of relying entirely on market mechanisms toensure security of supply. The distinction between physical security and price security is also
now clear to see.
The flexibility challenge: If we are to continue to expand the roles of renewable energy andrelatively inflexible options such as nuclear power, whilst electrifying sectors traditionallyserved by the direct combustion of fossil fuels it will be essential to find new sources offlexibility. Without this, the decarbonisation of power, with associated gains for energy security
will not be realisable.
The delivery challenge: Reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the role of low carbon
energy creates a requirement for large amounts of capital investment, across the energy system.
Infrastructure renewal is an inherently capital-intensive process. New physical assets will need
to be created on a massive scale and mobilising the financial capital needed to deliver this isfundamental to the decarbonisation challenge.

205

Robert is the Director of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). He is Professor of Energy
Policy and Technology at Imperial College London. He has extensive teaching and post-graduate
training experience.
Robert is a Fellow and Council member of the Energy Institute. He is also Council member andformer Chair of the British Institute of Energy Economists (BIEE). Robert is currently a member ofthe Academic Advisory Panel for Ofgem (2018 to date). He has been a specialist advisor to 3
Parliamentary Select Committees, has experience of and engagement with UK policymaking, andhas published extensively on energy policy, economics and technological innovation.

206

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Clean Energy Technologies
at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Martin Keller, Ph.D.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA
1. Introduction
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) advances the science and engineering of energy
efficiency, sustainable transportation, and renewable power technologies and provides the knowledge tointegrate and optimize energy systems with the vision of a clean energy future for the world. NREL is a
U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) national laboratory managed by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy. We play a leading role in the transition to an advanced, sustainable, and lowcarbon emissions energy system for our nation and the world to meet DOE goals of reaching 100% carbon
pollution-free electricity by 2035 and achieving a net-zero emissions economy by 2050. NREL’s diverse
team is made up of nearly 3,000 researchers and staff from 70 countries dedicated to our energy transformation.
Our extensive partnerships ensure our work is relevant and provides deployable solutions to marketrelevant problems applicable to real-world energy problems.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
NREL has a long track record of leadership and success in clean energy research, development, anddeployment that spans basic sciences to systems engineering, analysis, and deployment. As climate change,
urbanization, economic development, electrification, cyberthreats, and resource competition all increase,the demand these developments place on the world’s energy sources will increase along with them. NREL
has developed three critical objectives to meet the challenges—Integrated Energy Pathways, Electrons to
Molecules, and Circular Economy for Energy Materials.
NREL’s Integrated Energy Pathways research is focused on developing foundational knowledge andtechnologies to integrate renewable energy, buildings, energy storage, and transportation, thereby
modernizing our energy systems and ensuring a secure and resilient electric grid and connected energy
system.
NREL’s research in Electrons to Molecules is focused on the efficient interconversion of electrical andchemical energy, including using electrolysis and other electrically driven processes for creatingchemicals, fuels, materials, and other products as well as developing pathways for energy storage.
Our Circular Economy for Energy Materials research seeks to achieve sustainability by developing newconcepts for reuse, recycling, and upcycling as well as designing new technologies and products with life
cycle and circularity considerations from the start. The goal is to reduce waste and to ameliorate any
materials limitations in the large-scale development and deployment of energy technologies required forour energy transformation. In addition, our work is contributing to the upcycling of plastics, helping toaddress the enormous challenge posed by waste plastics in our oceans and landfills.
NREL aims to accelerate the clean energy transition broadly, prioritizing equitable distribution of social,economic, and health benefits and burdens across all segments of society. Aligned with DOE’s vision ofenergy justice, NREL works to ensure an energy transition in which solutions are inclusively designed andbenefits are equitably distributed. NREL is a leader in applied clean energy practices, working withthousands of communities nationally and around the world, many of which have been historicallyunderserved in terms of access to clean energy or its benefits.

207

3. Specific research activities
Renewable Energy
Advanced scientific research in renewable power remains central to NREL’s mission with foundational
work in solar (photovoltaics and concentrated solar power), wind, water, and geothermal energy. Our
research couples innovation and discovery with analysis and systems integration to accelerate both the
deployment of current technologies and the development of new technologies. For example, our work on
photovoltaics spans from materials discovery and interfacial science, new cell architectures and device
fabrication, durable module materials device fabrication, reliability and accelerated testing, market
analysis, and grid integration to enable reliable, low-cost solar energy at scale—on the grid and beyond
the grid by:• Integrating large amounts of solar energy into the power grid while maintaining security andreliability, and enhancing resilience• Improving the efficiency, lifetimes, and manufacturability of photovoltaic materials• Developing technologies for a third generation of concentrating solar power plants to further reduce
costs and improve thermal storage capabilities• Capturing surplus solar energy to provide heat and produce fuels and clean water• Creating flexible, highly efficient solar cells that can make low-cost power available without wires
anywhere the sun shines• Making solar an even better investment through work on bankability,
reliability, and recyclability.
Our wind energy research includes distributed, land-based, and off-shore wind. Through our partnerships,
NREL helps reduce private-sector risk for early-stage technologies, enables adoption of wind energy
technologies, and increases U.S. industrial competitiveness. NREL also has programs in water-power(including traditional hydropower, pumped hydro, and marine energy), and geothermal energy (including
enhanced geothermal systems
Integrated Energy Pathways
A power sector free of carbon emissions in the near term will require tremendous advancement in:• Developing clean energy technologies• Integrating clean energy technologies into the grid
• Developing large amounts of energy storage• Electrifying transportation systems• Using smart building technologies• Maintaining system security and resilience against human and natural threats.
These advancements will involve millions of interconnected devices, multiple types of generation sources,more variable loads, and increased operational autonomy across all devices. The Integrated Energy
Pathways critical objective aims to modernize our grid to support a high level of renewable energy
integration, incorporates storage and advanced controls, and expands transportation electrification while
maintaining grid reliability and security. Research, development, analysis, and deployment will enable andaccelerate progress toward a carbon emissions-free power sector.
Three key goals drive most of NREL’s energy storage research: higher energy density, longer life, andgreater adoption. Our energy storage research includes basic and applied research, lifetime anddeployment models, grid integration, systems design, and collaborative research with partners in industry.
NREL’s work in this space includes electrochemical storage (both for stationary and transportation
applications), chemical storage, and thermal storage. This work includes storage applications that range
from several hours to several months in duration. NREL research also aims to develop and improve power

208electronics-based technologies which will be deployed in the future more than ever for the managementof energy grids. NREL’s work includes detailed modeling and analysis of energy storage deployment anddevelopment needs.
NREL also conducts energy management systems research including:• Renewable electricity-to-grid integration• Vehicle-to-grid integration• Renewable fuels-to-grid integration• High-performance computing, analytics, and visualization• Large-scale numerical simulation• Demand response in smart home and building systems• Microgrids.
NREL research will lead to future energy systems that are fully integrated and more complex, distributed,
and interdependent. In addition, NREL researchers are working to ensure that these energy management
systems will be secure (especially in cyberspace), efficient, resilient, and affordable.
In 2020, NREL launched Advanced Research in Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES), a unique researchplatform that can mirror the scale and complexity of the evolving energy system. ARIES addresses thefundamental challenges of variability in the physical size of the new energy technologies being added toenergy systems, control of tens of millions of interconnected devices, and integration of diverse
technologies.
Electrons to Molecules
Electrons to Molecules focuses on electricity-driven processes for future generation of renewable hydrogen,net-zero fuels, chemicals, and materials. Key research areas include:• Renewable hydrogen• Decarbonizing biofuels and bio-based routes to chemical and materials• Reactive capture and conversion of CO2• Generation of net-zero carbon fuels• Decarbonizing industry process and production of goods and materials.
NREL has a long history and broad portfolio of hydrogen production, storage, delivery, and utilization
research. Our scientists and engineers actively conduct research that contributes to the U.S. Departmentof Energy’s H2@Scale Initiative. NREL leads or plays a leading role in a number of R&D consortia inhydrogen production, storage, delivery, and utilization including:• H2NEW: Hydrogen from Next-Generation Electrolyzers of Water (https://h2new.energy.gov/)• HydroGEN: Advanced Water-Splitting Materials (https://h2awsm.org/)• HyMARC: Hydrogen Materials Advanced Research Consortium (https://www.hymarc.org/)• Hyblend:(https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hyblend-opportunities-hydrogen-blendingnatural-gas-pipelines)• M2FCT: Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (https://millionmilefuelcelltruck.org/)
This and other research advance affordable hydrogen production, transport, storage, and utilization toincrease opportunities in multiple energy sectors—including and beyond transportation. NREL has
decades of experience in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis and fuel cell science and technology,
including electrocatalysis, membranes, durability, and stack testing. Researchers at NREL are now
applying these capabilities to the electrolytic production of hydrogen from water splitting. NREL also
partners with a wide range of companies from start-ups to multi-nationals to ensure development,
translation, and deployment of hydrogen technologies.

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In NREL’s Electrons to Molecules initiative, we are developing the innovative science and technology forusing electricity and electrochemical processes to convert low-energy molecules such as water (H2O),
carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) to higher-value molecules. These molecules can be used as fuels,chemicals, material products, or chemical energy storage carriers. Using our capabilities inelectrochemistry, synthetic biology, nanoscience, catalysis, materials discovery,
biological/chemical/materials processing, interfacial science, advanced spectroscopy, and imaging, we are
exploring a number of electrocatalytic, biological, and hybrid approaches for CO2 utilization, such as:• Electrochemical splitting of water for the generation hydrogen and subsequent reduction of CO2• Oxidation of water, coupled with electrochemical reduction of CO2, to intermediates such as CO,
formate, methanol, methane, and/or higher carbon number compounds• Conversion of CO2-derived reactive intermediates via either catalytic or biological processes tohigher carbon number molecules (with or without hydrogen)• Generation of molecules that store electrons within easily accessible chemical bonds• Microbial electrosynthesis that uses either light or electrons to drive biological systems.
In collaboration with industry, we demonstrated the direct methanation of CO2 using bio-organisms andhydrogen from electrolytic water splitting. We are exploring the coupling of semiconductors withnitrogenase enzymes to efficiently reduce nitrogen to ammonia.
NREL’s research in bioenergy is focused on producing sustainable aviation fuels, diesel for heavy-duty
fleets, and marine fuels by exploring a broad portfolio of feedstocks and technologies. Feedstocks range
from woody biomass to corn stover, corn starch, municipal solid waste, wet waste (including sludge),
algae, and even CO2.
Circular Economy for Energy Materials
Decarbonization will require rapid deployment of clean energy technologies which will demand large
amounts of materials—currently including scarce or critical materials. Ensuring these materials areavailable in the necessary quantities and at their highest value and function will necessitate a robust circular
economy for energy materials. To reduce supply chain limitations across energy technologies, NREL is:• Developing novel, low-emissions materials• Creating design architectures to increase recyclability• Designing manufacturing processes that reduce material use• Increasing technology lifetimes• Conducting social, economic, and regulatory analyses that support a circular economy for energy
materials.
We are also developing end-of-life material recovery strategies to ensure these materials are not disposed ofin landfills (as is the common practice today) but continue to provide societal value. NREL is a partner inthe Argonne National Laboratory-led ReCell Center, a collaboration of researchers from industry,
academia, and national laboratories that will test new techniques to drive the development of the direct
recycling process as well as other areas that will increase the value of recycling (https://recellcenter.org/).
NREL also has research and analysis programs on circularity and recycling for wind and photovoltaics—
two areas where international collaboration can spur innovation.
4. International collaboration
Partnerships are core to NREL’s mission and to accelerate the clean energy transformation. Working
with industry, government, academia, nonprofit, and international partners, we can achieve our vision ofa clean energy future for the world far faster and more efficiently. NREL collaborates with partners
from over 80 countries. This includes international cooperation with technical institutes, companies,
government agencies, and community organizations from developing and developed countries in Africa,

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Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin American and the Caribbean, and North America. With AIST and
the Fraunhofer-ISE, NREL has led three Terawatt Workshops that bring together technical leaders froma number of countries to discuss the status, challenges and research needs for large-scale development
and deployment of photovoltaics.
NREL plays a leading role in supporting several multilateral initiatives and partnerships designed toadvance the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency in ways that increase economic andsustainable development and energy resilience and security Partnerships include Net Zero World
Initiative, USAID, Clean Energy Ministerials, and a wide range of international energy collaboration
programs ((https://www.nrel.gov/international/global-partnerships.html). NREL has provided analysis
and assessment for renewable energy deployment and many other energy scenarios for a wide numberof countries and regions. NREL also conducts in-country project work is made possible throughpartnerships with many organizations and sponsors.
The RD20 Leaders Statement codifies well the need for international collaboration to accelerate theneeded innovation for a clean energy transformation. It presents several excellent opportunities forenhancing collaboration among RD20 institutions. Workshops, summer schools, and clear standards foranalysis/assessment are all good starting points for enhancing interactions. NREL is keen to help launchthese concepts as well as other areas identified such as increased communication, taskforces, andresearcher exchange.
5. Future perspectives towards carbon neutrality
Securing a clean and equitable energy future will require accelerating both the deployment of current
technologies and development of new or improved concepts and technologies. A systems-based approach isessential to spur the entire innovation ecosystem from the discovery of new materials to the development
and deployment of integrated energy systems. We must develop and deliver solutions that enable all people
to participate in and benefit from the transition to sustainable energy. The urgency requires an “all-handson-deck” approach. International collaboration can accelerate the needed innovation and integration.
Clean electricity and deep electrification will play a vital role in the energy transformation. Energy storage
and the efficient interconversion of thermal, chemical, and electrical energy will be critical. Cross-sector
coupling and developing low-carbon fuels and materials are, crucial for the decarbonization of all energy
sectors: electricity, transportation, buildings, industry, and even agriculture. In addition to developing
scalable, lower capital cost manufacturing processes, there are also still major opportunities for cost
reductions and performance/reliability enhancements for renewable energy technologies, including wind,geothermal, photovoltaics, and concentrating solar power. Creating a circular energy economy remains animportant challenge, spanning CO2 capture and utilization to materials recycling and technology design.

211Martin Keller, Ph.D.
Director
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Martin Keller has served as Director of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Presidentof the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, the company that operates NREL for the U.S. Department ofEnergy, since 2015. Under his leadership, the number of full-time employees at NREL has increased bymore than 32%. Martin is a visionary leader who is committed to people, teams, and partnerships. He
innovatively and pragmatically applies private sector best practices at NREL to achieve game-changing
scientific outcomes. Working collaboratively with his leadership team, Martin developed a strategy for
NREL focused on three key initiatives: integrated energy pathways, circular economy, and electrons tomolecules. This strategy drives advanced scientific research, programs, projects, and partnerships at NREL.
For example, NREL’s partnership portfolio—which includes Eaton Corporation, Wells Fargo, Hewlett
Packard Enterprise, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, and more than 900
private and public sector organizations—has generated over $1 billion of research and development for the
Laboratory.
From 2006 to 2015, Martin led energy, biological, and environmental research programs at the Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL). His efforts culminated in his being promoted to serve as the Associate
Laboratory Director for the Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate during his last six years at
ORNL.
Earlier In his career, Martin’s dedicated work in a variety of research management positions at Diversa
Corporation enhanced and developed the microbiology expertise of this biotech company.
Currently, Martin is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement Science (AAAS), and herecently retired as chair of the AAAS Industrial Science and Technology Section. In addition, he is amember of the Scientific Advisory Council for Julich Forschungszentrum and serves on numerous otherscientific advisory boards.
Martin received his Ph.D. in Microbiology from the University of Regensburg, Germany212

4th RD20, Oct. 6, 2022-

Carbon Neutral Initiatives at NIMS
Materials science research toward “Carbon Neutrality in 2050” Kazuhiro Hono
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan

1. Introduction
In order to achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2050, technological innovation in the energy sector,
which accounts for more than 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, is essential. In particular, there
is a strong global demand for the development of high-performance energy storage devices thatwill provide significant energy-saving effects and for the social implementation of technologies
that position hydrogen as a new energy source.
The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) is a unique national institute specializing
in materials research. Recently, NIMS has been focusing on basic research on the materials thatplay critical role in carbon neutral: 1) battery related materials including all-solid-state batteries,
next-generation batteries, and 2) hydrogen-related materials and technologies toward therealization of hydrogen-based society. In the following section, the representative research results
on storage battery materials, hydrogen production catalysts, and water splitting electro-catalysts,
as well as the high-throughput material search and hydrogen liquefaction technologies that are
being carried out in the Research Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental
Materials (GREEN) at NIMS are reintroduced.
2 Battery related Materials
NIMS is also operating the NIMS Battery Research Platform, which is equipped withfacilities for battery fabrication and materials characterization, to support R&D of next
generation batteries in Japan in collaboration with ALCA-SPRING project, which is supported
by Japan Science and Technology agency (JST), since 2013. In January 2020, NIMS haslaunched Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration with two universities and five companies
under the program on open innovation platform for industry-academia co-creation (COI-NEXT),
which is aiming at establishing a protocol for next-generation battery research and development.
In addition, two projects are currently going on oxide-based solid-state batteries: one is“Materealize Project” supported by MEXT started in October 2019. And the other is “All-SolidState Battery MOP”, which is a “materials open platform” for joint collaborative research onoxide-based solid-state batteries with ten companies initiated in May 2020. The aim of the“Materealize Project” is establishing process science in powder joining technology, which isessential for realizing oxide-based solid-state batteries.
2.1 Li-Air Battery
Lithium-ion batteries have been supporting the development of modern society as the key
mobile power source for smart phones, personal computers, and electric vehicles (EVs), etc.;
however, they do not meet the new demands of our future sustainable society. For instance, EVs
require batteries with much higher energy density. Introduction of large-scale renewable energy,
in which temporal fluctuation is inevitable, must be associated with more highly durable
stationary batteries. Research on next-generation batteries in NIMS is focusing on establishingmaterials science to realize a variety of batteries that are required in the coming sustainable
society.
Usually, volumetric energy density has been much more important for rechargeable batteries

213than gravimetric energy density. On the other hand, flying objects, e.g., drone, need light weightbatteries. We have established a collaborative center with Soft Bank Corp. in April 2018. The
aim of this collaboration is to develop lithium/air batteries for high altitude platform stations(HAPS). Although the theoretical energy densities of lithium/air batteries is by far the larger thanthose of conventional lithium-ion batteries, there are only a limited number of experimental
results that demonstrate actual cells with high energy density.
Recently, Matsuda et al. have attained a high energy density of 500 Wh kg−1 by developing
a carbon-black-powder-based self-standing membrane for the cathode that exhibits a discharge
capacity of ca. 7000 mAh g−1 based on the electrode weight even under high current density
conditions (> 0.4 mA cm−2) [1] . The energy density is strongly correlated with the cycle life, as
shown in Fig. 1(a). In-situ measurements for investigating the material balance in the reactions
taking place in the porous carbon electrode have revealed considerable parasitic reactions
proceed during the battery operation: a fraction of the electric charge consumed for the parasitic
reactions is more than 50%. Since material imbalance consumes the electrolytes, the ratio ofelectrolyte weight to cell capacity (E/C), which governs the energy density, is a good parameter
closely correlating with the cycle life, as demonstrated in Fig. 1(b) [2] .
(a)

(b)

Fig. 1 Relationship between the gravimetric energy density and cycle life of lithium/air batteries (a) andcorrelation between the ratio of electrolyte weight to cell capacity (E/C) and the cycle life (b). Adopted
from [Ref.1 and 2].

2.2 Oxide Solid-State Battery
One of the advantages of solid-state batteries is high reliability. Replacement of combustibleorganic electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes is the fundamental solution to thesafety issues of lithium-ion batteries. Single-ion conduction in the solid electrolytes efficiently
suppresses side reactions that lead to the performance degradation. The high reliability anddurability are advantages for large-sized batteries that are required for the realizing a low-carbon
society. High performance has been attained in solid-state batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes,
and they are under development aiming at the application to electric vehicles. On the other hand,
performance of oxide-based batteries remains low, although the highest conductivities of oxidesolid electrolytes have reached the order of 10−3 S cm−1. Of course, they are lower than those of
sulfides by one order of magnitude but comparable to lithium-ionic conductivities of nonaqueous electrolytes used in current lithium-ion batteries. However, oxide solid electrolytes are
hard materials, and it is difficult to connect the battery materials through the interfaces showing
fast ion transport.
Materials in the batteries are connected to each other by sintering; however, the hightemperature sintering induces mutual diffusion between the electrode material and the solid214electrolyte to form impurity phases that block ionic conduction at the interface. Therefore, we
are investigating reactivities of solid-state battery materials to understand the formation
mechanism of the reaction phases during the sintering process. Simultaneously, we areinvestigating sintering process to find out a way to lower the sintering temperature forsuppressing the reactions during the battery assembly. We have successfully lowered thesintering temperature of a NASICON-type oxide solid electrolyte by Co doping, which forms a
low-melting-temperature phase in the NASICON-type electrolyte [3] .
2.3 Magnesium Batteries
Magnesium batteries are also studied in NIMS as a fascinating candidate for large-scaleenergy-storages owing to the high natural abundance, low cost, and high specific capacities ofmagnesium metal. They are anticipated to spread sustainable energy such as solar and wind
power by stabilizing power system interconnections and to effectively utilize surplus nighttime
electricity generated by power plants. However, salt-solvent combinations that allow stable
cycling of magnesium anodes have been quite limited. Mandai et al. have comprehensively
studied relationship between the bulk physicochemical properties, electrochemical
characteristics, and ion-transport behaviors of ethereal solutions of magnesium-fluorinatedalkoxyborates and alkoxyaluminates and revealed that salt–solvent combination of themagnesium-fluorinated alkoxyaluminate Mg[Al(HFIP)4]2 (HFIP = hexafluoro-iso-propoxyl
group) and diglyme (G2) offers outstanding electrochemical activity to magnesium anodes [4] .
The magnesium deposition/dissolution cycling proceeds quite stably for over 250 cycles with ahigh coulombic efficiency of 99.4% and an exceptionally low polarization (< 60 mV) in the
optimized electrolyte, as demonstrated in Fig. 2. The outstanding anode performance has been
attributed to the well-balanced solvation/desolvation of G2 toward Mg2+ ions, the remarkable
ion-transport and interfacial characteristics, and sufficient stability against electrochemical
reduction of the [Al(HFIP)4]− revealed by Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher fitting analysis, impedance
spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, respectively.

Fig.2 Galvanostatic magnesium deposition–dissolution cycling profile (a) and corresponding coulombic
efficiency measured for [Mg|Cu] cells fabricated using 0.3 mol dm−3 Mg[Z(HFIP)4]2/G2 electrolytes(b).Adopted from [Ref. 4].

2.4 High-throughput material search
Data-driven material discovery is effective method for accelerate the development of
new-material even in the field of rechargeable batteries. To obtaining huge amount of date set
for applying data-driven method, Matsuda et al. developed the automated robotic experimental
setup with combinatorial high-throughput techniques (Fig.3) [5, 6]. By utilizing developed
robotic system combined with machine-learning methodologies using Bayesian optimization,
they discovered an electrolyte suitable for realizing high reaction efficiencies in lithium-oxygen

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batteries. The specific electrolyte composition (1.5 M LiNO3, 0.1 M lithiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 0.1 M LiBr, 0.5 mM LiCl, and 10 mM lithiumbis(oxalate)borate in dimethylamide, with 5 vol.% 1,3-dioxolane) was found to enhance thedischarge/charge performance of the lithium-oxygen batteries, realizing stability over 100 cycles
with capacity of 0.5 mAh cm-2. The methodology demonstrated in our studies revealed theeffectiveness of data-driven high-throughput-screening techniques for developing nextgeneration rechargeable batteries.

Fig.3 Photographic image of automated high-throughput robotic experiments for electrolyte of nextgeneration rechargeable batteries. Adopted from [Ref. 5].

3 Advanced materials for hydrogen related technologies
3.1 Hydrogen production catalysts
Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been produced on an industrial scale from natural gas throughsteam methane reforming (SMR: CH4+2H2O=CO2+4H2). The huge CO2 emission from theconventional reaction is acknowledged as one of the major sources for the atmosphericgreenhouse gas. A rational alternative to SMR is highly desired to meet the increasing demandfor clean H2 that accompanies no CO2 emission throughout the supply chain. Electrolytic water
dissociation (Water electrolysis: H2O=1/2O2+H2) is one of the most promising routes to produce
clean H2, yet requires a fairly large supply of sustainable electricity. NIMS has successfully
developed an innovative material for a reaction process that comprises catalytic dry reformingof methane (DRM: CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2). The developed DRM catalyst, i.e., Ni#Y2O3,
demonstrates long-term stable DRM performance to stably produce a gas mixture of H2 andcarbon monoxide (CO) over 1000 hours because an entangled texture of nano-fibrous nickel(Ni)- and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) phases prevents the catalysis center from thermal/chemicaldegradations (Fig. 4) [7]. Pure H2 gas can be extracted from the CO-H2 gas mixture by different
methods such as pressure-swing adsorption (PSA).

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Fig.4 Compositional mapping image of an innovative catalyst, Ni#Y2O3, and the catalytic
performance of Ni#Y2O3 for the DRM (Dry Reforming of Methane). Adopted from [Ref. 7].
3.2 Water Splitting Electro-catalysts
The need for large-scale and efficient green-hydrogen (gH2) production by a
combination of water electrolysis and renewable energies has created considerable demand fornext-generation water electrolyzers (WE). WE consists of two half-reactions: the hydrogen
evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode.
The current elements of choice for the anode in WE are Ir or Co. The supply of these limited
elements will likely soon be a bottleneck for the large-scale production of gH2. However,
optimum electrode materials without these limited elements were found only at extremely acidic
or alkaline conditions. This issue is critical for the affordability of WE because these corrosive
and toxic conditions must be handled in expensive systems. In order to find affordable electrodematerials work in milder pH conditions, an active-data-mining approach was developed for
efficient discovery of promising electrode materials (Fig. 5) [8]. It was demonstrated a fast-Fig 5. Overview of the fast-decoding algorithm for efficient electrode material discovery. Adopted from
[Ref. 8].

decoding algorithm by employing a mean-field kinetic model and a statistical approach ofBayesian data assimilation. Here our aim is to extract key properties in the kinetics ofcomplicated electrode processes from current–potential diagrams in experimental and literarydata. Our work suggested that this algorithm is a promising data-driven approach to uncover key
microscopic features in complicated electrochemical reactions. Thus, this data-assimilationbased approach will be a promising data-driven method for the efficient search and discovery ofhigh-performance electrode materials for gH2 production.

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3.3 Low-cost liquid hydrogen production technology
For transportation, it is desirable that hydrogen be in a liquid form because the volume
of liquid hydrogen is 800 times less than that of gaseous hydrogen. There is an additional
important challenge to overcome for the widespread usage of liquid hydrogen as an energy
carrier, that of its high process cost. Liquid hydrogen is expensive because the conventionalliquefaction process using gas compression and the Joule-Thomson (J-T) effect typically reaches
only 25% efficiency. In order for liquid hydrogen to be competitive as an energy carrier, theefficiency of hydrogen liquefaction should be above 50%. To reach this goal, i.e. double the efficiencyof liquefaction. NIMS is spending significant effort for the development of an inexpensivehydrogen liquefier using an innovative magnetic refrigeration system.
Magnetic refrigeration uses the magneto-caloric effect, where the temperature of amagnetic material increases or decreases by applying or removing a magnetic field, respectively.
Magnetic refrigeration requires no compressors, instead being a combined system of magnetic
materials and a high field magnet.

Fig. 6 Top is a picture of the hydrogen liquefier ((a)-left), an internal structure ((a)-middle), and theenlargement of the AMRRs ((a)-right). Fig.6 (b) is demonstrated hydrogen liquefaction by magnetic
refrigeration system which is one of world-renowned technologies of NIMS.

Development of these systems depends on the synthesis of magnetic materials and system
optimization involving a superconducting magnet. Adopted from [Ref. 9].

Figure 6 shows an experimental apparatus of the hydrogen liquefier by the AMRR ((a))
and one example of liquefaction experiments with the hydrogen gas ((b)) [9]. After the onset of
the AMRR, the temperature of the liquefaction vessel decreases as the cold end temperature of
the AMRR decreases. Meanwhile, the voltages of the level sensors simultaneously increase as
the hydrogen “gas” is firstly cooled. 65 seconds after the onset of the AMRR experiment,218hydrogen gas is eventually liquefied and voltages of the level sensors, this time, increase one by
one in sequence from the bottom because the liquid accumulates from the bottom. NIMS aims
at doubling the efficiency of the hydrogen liquefaction process and reduce its production cost toless than one third of the current cost.
3.4 Search for New Magnetocaloric Materials for AMRR
In order to increase the efficiency of the hydrogen liquefier by AMRR, novel
magnetocaloric materials is needed which show a larger magnetocaloric effect (MCE) withrespect to the currently existing materials. Moreover, new magnetocaloric materials need to show
an excellent cyclic performance in AMRR. To satisfy this need, NIMS has been extensively
investigating novel magnetocaloric materials which show giant and reversible MCE at a broad
temperature range of 77 – 20 K required for H2 liquefactions using AMRR, Fig. 7(a). One
example is the Machine-learning-guided discovery of the large magnetic entropy change of
0.35 J cm−3 K−1 in HoB2 at 15 K, near the hydrogen liquefaction temperature [10]. However, for
AMRR hydrogen liquefaction, a series of magnetocaloric materials with varying transition
temperature in the range from 77 – 20 K is required. Er(Ho)Co2-based compounds have been
known to be effective in cooling hydrogen from 77 – 20 K. However, their cooling capability
was not reversible due to their poor cyclic performance and existence of so-called thermal
hysteresis. NIMS has solved this long standing problem in Er(Ho)Co2-based compounds byadding trace amounts of 3d transition metal elements, such as Fe and Ni, which make thecompounds resistant to deterioration caused by repeated magnetic field application andtemperature fluctuation. By adjusting the types and amounts of these additives, NIMS
successfully developed a series of materials with a giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) inmagnetic entropy change (-∆Sm > 0.2 J cm-3K-1) in the Er(Ho)Co2-based compounds, suitable for
operation in the full temperature range required for hydrogen liquefaction (77 – 20 K) (Fig. 7(b))[11]. NIMS demonstrated that the giant MCE becomes reversible, enabling sustainable use of
the MR materials, by eliminating the magneto-structural phase transition that leads todeterioration of the MCE. We are now testing the newly developed materials in AMRR expecting
to enhance its efficiency for the hydrogen liquefaction process.

219

Fig. 7 A series of Er(Ho)Co2-based alloys developed that can be used in combination to effectively coolhydrogen from 77 K to 20 K: its liquefaction temperature in AMRR. Adopted from [Ref. 11].

List of related programs/projects conducted by NIMS
 NIMS operating subsidy project "Basic Research on Energy-Conversion & Storage" /Research on materials maximizing energy efficiency in the new energy value chain (MEXT,
2016–2022)
 Promoted Research for Innovative Next Generation Batteries (ALCA-SPRING) /Acceleration of R&D of the next generation of the existing lithium-ion batteries (JSTproject, 2013–2022)
 SOLiD-EV project / Development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries for electricvehicles (NEDO project, 2018–2022)
 Materealize Project / Establishment of process science for realizing all-solid-state batteries(MEXT, 2019–2026)
 Materials Open Platform for All Solid-State Batteries / Development of oxide-type allsolid-state batteries (MEXT, 2020– ) Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration / Establishment of a protocol for nextgeneration battery research and development (JST project, 2020–2029)
 Innovative hydrogen liquefaction technologies desired in future society / Development ofadvanced hydrogen liquefaction system by using magnetic refrigeration technology (JSTproject, 2018–2027)
 Conversion of methane into hydrogen and solid carbon via closed reaction cycle of carbon
dioxide. (NEDO, 2021-2022) (Leading Project)
4. International collaboration and future prospective
20% of researchers at NIMS is from overseas. In the materials research, NIMS can offer

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well-equipped research environment in truly international environment. It is the key to assemble
active and ambitious young scientists internationally to solve materials issues to realize energy
efficient systems. NIMS is eager to conduct joint research toward the realization of the carbonneutral society by hiring excellent researchers and Ph.D. students from RD 20 member countries
to challenge material issues that are critical for realizing energy efficient devices and systems.
References
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Appl. Energy Mater., 5, 7515–7522 (2022).
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5. S. Matsuda, K. Nishioka and S. Nakanishi, High-throughput combinatorial screening of multicomponent electrolyte additives to improve the performance of Li metal secondary batteries,
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Kumazawa, K. Futatsuka, K. Matsunaga, T. Shirai, S. Takada and T. Iida, Active magnetic
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Adachi, Y. Saito, P. Song, H. Takeya and Y. Takano, Machine-learning-guided discovery of
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Kazuhiro Hono is currently the President of the National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan. He received BS and MS degrees inMaterials Science and Engineering at Tohoku University in 1982
and 1984, respectively and a Ph. D. degree at Penn State in 1988.
After working as a post doc at Carnegie Mellon University, hejoined Institute for Materials Research at Tohoku University as a
research associate in 2000, where he built atom probe facility.
Then, he moved to NIMS in 1995, where he had 27 years research
career including Director of Metallic Nanostructure Group,
Director of the Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic
Materials, NIMS Fellow, and Executive Vice President until he
was appointed as President in 2022. Since 2003, he has also been a professor in Materials Scienceand Engineering at the Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
His research interest includes nanostructure characterization of metallic materials using atom
probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy to understand the microstructureproperty relationships of materials. In the last 20 year, he focused on the development of rareearth permanent magnets, nanocrystalline soft magnets, nanogranular magnetic recording media
and other magnetic and spintronic materials and their devices based on basic studies on
microstructure/property relationships.

222

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
NIMS operating subsidy project "Basic Research on Energy-Conversion & Storage" / Research on
materials maximizing energy efficiency in the new energy value chain (MEXT, 2016–2022)
Current

2016 - 2022

Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program - Specially Promoted Research for
Innovative Next Generation Batteries (ALCA-SPRING) / Acceleration of R&D of the next generation of theexisting lithium-ion batteries [2013-2022]
Current

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Development of materials for nextDr. Kazunori Takada / NIMS
generation, low-cost and high-efficiency
solar cells; H2 production;
electrochemical energy storage; andthermoelectric conversion.
Development of all-solid-state, lithium- Prof. Kohei Uosaki / NIMS
sulfur, metal-air, and magnesium metal
batteries

Related information

https://www.nims.go.jp/eng/research/energyenvironment/index.html(Domestic) JST, Participation from
more than 40 universities and institutes
https://www.jst.go.jp/alca/alca-spring/en/index.html

2013 - 2022

SOLiD-EV project / Development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles [2018- Development of all-solid-state lithium- Dr. Yasuo Ishiguro / LIBTEC (Domestic) NEDO, 23 private
2022]
ion batteries with sulfide solid
companies including Toyota, Nissan,
Current
electrolytes
Honda, and Yamaha, 15 universities andEnergy density of battery pack: 600 Wh
institutes
2018 - 2022

Nextgeneration
battery

Materealize Project / Establishment of process science for realizing all-solid-state batteries[2019-2026]
Current

Establishment of process science forrealizing all-solid-state batteries

Dr. Kazunori Takada / NIMS Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Sumitomo
Chemical, Mitsubishi Chemical, Tokyo
Tech

Development of oxide-type all-solidstate batteries

Dr. Kazunori Takada / NIMS 10 private companies

2019 - 2026

NIMS/
Japan

Material Open Platform for All Solid State Batteries / Development of oxide-type all-solid-statebatteries[2020- ]Current

2020 -The program on open innovation platform for industry-academia co-creation (COI-NEXT) / Center Establishment of a protocol for nextfor Advanced Battery Collaboration [2020-2029]Current
generation battery research anddevelopment

Prof. Kiyoshi Kanamura /NIMS

5 private companies and 2 universities
https://www.jst.go.jp/pf/platform/2020 - 2029

Advancedmaterials forhydrogen andrelatedtechnologies

Innovative hydrogen liquefaction technologies desired in future society / Development of advanced Development of a high efficient
Dr. Nobuyuki Nishimiya /hydrogen liquefaction system by using magnetic refrigeration technology [2018-2027]
hydrogen liquefier to achieve a
NIMS
Current
liquefaction capacity of 100 kg/day with
FOM = 0.5 and a small and energy
2018 - 2027
saving re-condensation refrigerator to
realize zero boil-off in the liquidhydrogen storage.
Conversion of methane into hydrogen and solid carbon via closed reaction cycle of carbon dioxide. Development of catalyst materials and Dr. Hideki Abe / NIMS
Current[2021-2022] (Leading Project)systems for high-yield, long-term stablehydrogen production from differenthydrocarbon resources without
2021 - 2022
atmospheric emissions of carbon
dioxide.

223（Domestic) JST, NIMS, Kanazawa
University, NIT Oshima College, Kyoto
University, Kyushu University,
https://www.nims.go.jp/eng/reMayekawa MFG., Nippon Yttrium,
search/cryogenic-hydrogenCHUBU Electric Power, Sumitomo
and-materials/index.html
Heavy Industries, Iwatani(Domestic) NEDO, NIMS, Shidzuoka
University, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology, Kochi University ofTechnology, Ebara Corporation

The 4th RD20, Oct 6, 2022
Progress of research and development related to clean energy at RIKEN
Makiko Naka
Executive Director of RIKEN, Japan
1. Introduction
RIKEN is Japan's largest comprehensive research institution renowned for high-quality
research in a wide array of scientific areas spanning physics, engineering, chemistry,computational science, biology, and medicine. Founded in 1917 as a private researchfoundation, RIKEN has grown rapidly in size and scope, today encompassing a network ofworld-class research centers and institutes across Japan.
Now, as a national research and development institute, RIKEN’s mission is to maximize
research and development outcomes effectively and efficiently. We must at all times remain
keenly aware of our responsibility to society, while at the same time ensuring the autonomy
and creativity of our scientists. We will link our discoveries in science and technology to thecreation of new value, integrate the synergies that distinguish RIKEN, and strengthen ourcollaborations with partners inside and outside Japan. We will do this by continuing with basic
research, which is the source of knowledge, and by developing outstanding technologies. As aworld leader in science, RIKEN will strive to create a better life for the Japanese people andcontribute to the global community.
In 2015, two historic proposals—the Paris Agreement on global warming (COP21) andthe United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—were supported by more than
190 countries. Japan promised to work on realizing the Agenda’s 17 sustainable development
goals (SDGs) and to move toward a 26 per cent reduction of greenhouse gases from 2013 levels
by 2030. This reduction target was raised to 46% and declared at the Leaders' Climate Summit
hosted by the U.S in April 2021. To fulfill Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) of the SDGs
and to achieve the greenhouse gas emissions reduction target, Japan has undertaken andexpanded scientific initiatives in clean energy technology research and development as a partof its national science policy. As one of RIKEN’s missions is to advance R&D based on national
strategies, we have also strategically engaged in R&D in this field.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
The basic research promoted by RIKEN is not only scientifically valuable, but also has
the potential to break through the limitations of existing technology and create majorinnovations. In the face of climate change and other environmental crises, we emphasize thatscience is an enterprise that truly connects the world and has universality (from "The
Usefulness of Useless Knowledge"). The RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science(CSRS) plays a major role in research and development for clean energy technologies within
RIKEN. Since its establishment in 2013, CSRS has been a leader in creating a sustainable
society through transdisciplinary integration of plant science, chemical biology, and catalytic
chemistry. Using as guides the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United
Nations in 2015 and the agreement of the COP21 on achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions,
we are promoting five flagship projects. Each of these projects aims to further advance basic
research in the efficient creation, exploration, and use of beneficial substances from natural
resources, sustainable food production, and bioproduction that CSRS has been undertaking in
the past. In addition, the projects will move beyond the boundaries of research fields anddevelop manufacturing methods with less impact on the environment. In particular, advances
made in recent years in AI and data science can bring about a significant step forward. While224

actively nurturing the next generation of scientists with a strong background in information
science, CSRS will lead in creating a future world where people can live healthy andprosperous lives. As Center Director Saito, who was appointed to the position in April 2020,advocates for a new research field called “sustainable resource science” in the academic
community, CSRS will take the initiative in disseminating this new field while promotinginternational cooperation.
Specific efforts of CSRS are as follows.
- The RIKEN CSRS is aiming to establish a new field for the future called "Sustainable
Resource Science".
- A task force led by young researchers from CSRS was established in July 2021. They
discussed items and possible strategies and that CSRS and RIKEN could contribute to
the 169 targets of the SDGs. In November 2021, the young researchers presented toprincipal investigators their ideas for the future of science that CSRS should work on
based on the SDGs and held discussions.
- CSRS is also promoting research DX through the CSRS Program for the Promotion ofInformatics and Data Science and fostering young researchers through the CSRS Next
Generation Acceleration Research Program.
In addition to CSRS, other research centers are also involved in research and development
for element technologies that can help advance clean energy technologies. Research anddevelopment is conducted through the integration of research fields, the promotion of joint
research inside and outside of RIKEN, and the effective use of large-scale facilities such as
supercomputers and synchrotron radiation facilities.
3. Specific research activities
Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) is a technological solution that aims to use
CO2 as a source to produce useful substances, such as chemicals and fuels, by capturing andcompressing CO2 via chemical reactions (by using catalysts), biological reactions (by using
plants and algae), or a hybrid of the two.
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop alternative means to create energy,
RIKEN is currently advancing R&D projects related to hydrogen, CCU, and other relevant
technologies. Research topics include artificial photosynthesis, converting CO2 and H2O into
chemical fuels, and biological approaches that help plants and algae absorb CO2 and/or
produce useful substances. Supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization (NEDO), the RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP)
collaborates with CSRS and they jointly focus on hydrogen production by water electrolysis,
a candidate technology to master the use of natural energy sources that, while carbon-free,experience substantial fluctuations. Specifically, this technology R&D project is working todesign and control a hydrogen production system that uses a non-noble metal catalyst with anincorporated photosynthesis mechanism so that H2 can be produced efficiently from H2O at
a low cost.
RIKEN is also involved in a development project for a system that uses electricity
obtained from renewable energy and a non-noble metal catalyst to directly and efficiently
produce basic chemical compounds such as ethylene from CO2 and H2O under ordinary
temperatures and normal pressures. From 2020, RIKEN has been promoting research anddevelopment for comprehensive systems related to CCU, which is a research project adopted
by NEDO under the Moonshot Research and Development Program launched by the
Cabinet Office, by using cutting edge underlying technology developed by RIKEN andcollaborating with universities and research institutes in Japan and overseas.
Furthermore, RIKEN is conducting research on alternatives for fossil fuels. For example,
we are focusing on microalgae that can produce an abundant amount of oil. Through our225research on cellular metabolism and gene expressions of micro-algal species, we are working
on gene discovery to improve productivity of microalgal species beneficial to industry. Basedon our research facilities for life science and biotechnologies, we have continued matchingfund-based cooperative research with micro-algal industries through a joint research teamestablished inside RIKEN and a research consortium aiming to develop technologies for
microalgae biorefinery. In 2021, the partner company of our joint research team demonstrated
the use of bio-based jet fuel for commercial flights.
Degradation analysis and stabilization improvement of polymer membrane waterelectrolyzer with non-precious metal catalyst under fluctuating power source (NEDO,
109 million JPY for FY 2018-FY 2022）
Hybrid Electrocatalysts for C2 Production from CO2 and the Appropriate System (NEDO,
181 million JPY (including the budget for the other collaborative organizations) for FY
2018-FY 2019)
Develop an innovative system to turn CO2 into a valuable resource using electrochemical
reactions (NEDO, Moonshot Research and Development Program; the budget forthe confirmed part is 236 million JPY for FY 2020-2022.)
Development of innovative technology to increase biofuel of microalgae (the budget forthe project for FY 2018-FY 2023 is undisclosed)

4. International collaboration
Concerning the research activities on hydrogen and CCU by RAP and CSRS, RIKEN has
collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), National University ofSingapore, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Korea Institute for Advancementof Technology, Chonnam National University (Korea), Strasbourg University (France) andDalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (China).


Most prioritized issues / Key issues raised
1. In order to launch a new sustainable resource science, we are strategizing that basic
science is also important in addition to applied science.
2. Technologies for hydrogen production, energy management systems, and carbon
dioxide reduction using renewable energy- Are the devices and systems safe for the global environment and resource
consumption? (For example, the polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell, which isstrong in variable power sources, uses IrOx as a catalyst for oxygen generation, butwhen this polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell is used worldwide, Ir will be inshort supply.)- Globally, what are the targets and timeframes for achieving the required fossil fuelfree systems and their installation and use?
- What is the sentiment regarding the economic comparison with using fossil fuels andhow to promote their use?
3. Production of biofuel from Euglena- Human resource development with incentives to promote social acceptability ofBiomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS), and development of economicallyrational roadmap.

Best practices
1. CSRS established a task force led by young researchers from CSRS in order to226strengthen efforts toward more specific SDG indicators and green innovation.
2. Technologies for hydrogen production, energy management systems, and carbon
dioxide reduction using renewable energy:- A proposal for a feedback control method on green energy system based on
biomimetics.
- With regard to hydrogen technology, through RIKEN Innovation Co., Ltd. (anaffiliated company in which RIKEN has a stake) a technology study group has been
established with the participation of companies and local governments, with a view topractical application and social implementation.
3. Research and development that utilizes a matching fund with companies that develop
clean energy technologies and promote their social implementation through a systemthat promotes industrial collaboration.
Effective measure for facilitating international cooperation
1. Facilitate networking and matching using remote/online tools under the COVID-19
pandemic.
2. Create a mechanism to attract investment and human resources in international
cooperation.

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
To address global issues, including SDGs, not only science and technology but alsocollaboration among all governments, private sectors, and societies is important. Especiallywhen implementing large-scale clean energy projects, we must unify element technologies,
including conversion, transportation, and storage, into one system, and collaboration with avariety of sectors is essential for this unification. We will endeavor to engage in collaborative
research with other sectors to create problem-solving models as we continue to drive
innovation in the development of technology that can produce game-changing outcomes.

227

Makiko Naka
Executive Director of RIKEN

Makiko Naka currently serves as RIKEN's executive director in charge ofinternational affairs, communications, young researcher development, anddiversity. Before joining RIKEN she served for fourteen years as a professor at
Hokkaido University, and four years as a professor in the College ofComprehensive Psychology of Ritsumeikan University. Before joining Hokkaido
University, she served as an associate professor at Tokyo Metropolitan University
and an associate professor at Chiba University. She earned her Ph.D in psychology
from Ochanomizu University, where she received a Research Award from theJapanese Psychological Association in 2006 and from the Developmental
Psychology Association in 2022. She also received the International Award of
Merit from the Japanese Psychological Association in 2020.
As of July 2022

228

Current Status and Future Perspectives (“Now and Future”)
of Clean Energy Technologies in AISTOBARA HaruhikoDepartment of Energy and Environment,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
1. Introduction
Japan has a long history of research and development in energy technologies to ensure energy
security and independence. For example, Japan's long-term Sunshine Project to develop newenergy technologies such as renewable energy started in 1974, and the long-term Moonlight
Project to develop energy conservation technologies was begun in 1978. These projects achieved
their common objective for a world class R&D in ‘new energy’, and now serves as a solid
foundation of our present society that is advancing towards one based on renewable energy.
As a further challenge in response to the recent global environmental problems and changes
in the energy supply strategy after the “Fukushima disaster” in 2011, research and development
at the national level have accelerated whilst linking academic, public and private sectors. The
2018 “Fifth Strategic Energy Plan” gives an insight into Japan's energy policy toward 2030 and
2050, and aims for widespread renewable energy use. In view of the global momentum toward
decarbonization, a momentum which gained strength more than ever at the Paris Agreement, theJapanese Government made a declaration in October 2020 to realize a carbon neutral society by
2050, which aims toward a positive cycle of economic growth and environmental protection. To
that end, AIST explores and pursues all possible options for achieving this energy transition.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
The department of Energy & Environment at AIST is promoting green innovations to reducegreenhouse gas emissions by developing technologies for efficient and reliable renewable energy
production, hydrogen-based and high-density energy storage with safe, efficient thermoelectricelements, as well as evaluation and reduction of environmental risk.
AIST has established two research centers to emphasize its commitment to green innovation:
the Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, AIST (FREA), and the Global Zero
Emission Research Center (GZR). FREA, established in April 2014, focuses on renewableenergy technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, energy management technologies for smart
grid, and hydrogen-based energy storage/carriers, all from an application-oriented point of view.
GZR, established in January 2020, addresses fundamental technologies pertaining to solar power,
thermoelectric power, hydrogen related materials, carbon utilization, artificial photosynthesis
and assessments for decarbonation.
Both research centers will play a role as a global open innovation platform for
decarbonization, and ultimately for a zero-emission society, through collaboration with academia
and industry all over the world.
3. Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen etc.
The following are some of the state-of-the-art clean energy technology research activities
conducted at AIST.
 Next generation energy management system with batteries229

To achieve mass introduction of renewable energy into electrical systems, a new energy
management system (EMS) is required in addition to the individual elemental technology. We
are developing optimized operation technology for distributed energy resources (DERs) such as
solar photovoltaics and wind power, micro grid technology, and for the integration of multiple
DERs with energy storage. Development of individual technologies, including energy storage
with battery and power electronics, are also underway.
 Hydrogen
Ammonia is one of the high-density hydrogen carriers. However, ammonia synthesis fromvariable renewable energy and direct combustion for power generation are challenging research
topics. We have developed a new catalyst and process for producing ammonia from renewablehydrogen, and a low-NOx operation for a direct ammonia-fired turbine. The combination of thesetechnologies can contribute to the establishment of an entire value chain of ammonia energy
carrier systems.
 Renewable energy (PV)High-efficiency PVs are expected to promote new areas of application such as in vehicles,
aircrafts, etc. Tandem device configurations are promising in improving PV efficiency. We havedeveloped a brand-new wafer bonding method named, “smart stack”. based on this concept, wehave found that metal nanoparticles in between cells show good bonding characteristics with low
resistivity and high transparency. In addition, this allows for the significant device flexibility
combinations including all kinds of conventional PVs.
 CCUSWe are developing a methanation process as a CO2 utilization technology that produces
methane using hydrogen from renewable energies and CO2 retrieved from thermal power plants.
We study the catalyst activity and optimization method of the methanation process together withindustry, academia and the government.
 Others: Thermoelectrics
As about 60% of primary energy is wasted as unused heat, R&D of thermoelectric
conversion and thermal management technologies for waste heat recovery is crucial. We arecontributing to cutting-edge research in all aspects of thermoelectric technology, including its
practical application.
Related programs/projects conducted by the institute
Next generation energy management systems with batteries:
 “Analyzing the Reactions of Electrolyte and Cathode in a Lithium/Sulfur- andLithium/Metal Sulfide Battery (AReLiS)” (2019‐2020)“Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries” (2020-2022)
“International Joint Research for Metal-Free Redox Flow Battery” (2020-2023)
“Development of Innovative Solution Growth Technology That Improves Productivity
and Quality of SiC Crystals” (2020-2023)
 “International Joint Research on High Voltage Devices and Power Electronics Element
Technologies for the Effective Utilization of Renewable Energy” (2020-2023)
Hydrogen“Research and development of hydrogen production technology by thermal
decomposition of methane” (2019-2020)
“Advancement of alkaline and polymer-electrolyte water electrolysis” (2018-2022)“Development of efficient and durable catalyst for hydrogen production from formicacid” (2020-2022)
“International joint research for supply technology of high-pressure and purity ofhydrogen by chemical compressor using formic acid” (2021-2024)“Approach to the Development of P2G System Technology Aiming to Build a CO2Free Hydrogen Society in Yamanashi Prefecture” (2016-2021)

230

“Advanced Evaluation and Analysis Technology on Degradation of SOFC Stacks”(2020-2024)“Development of novel thermochemical hydrogen compressor using high pressure
metal hydride” (2020-2023)
Renewable energy (PV)“Research and Development of ultra-high efficiency solar cell modules using
multijunction technologies” (2020-2022)
“International collaborative R&D for low-cost and high-durability solar cells” (20202023)
“International collaboration on CIS-based tandem PVs” (2021-2024)
CCUS
“Production of useful chemicals using solar energy” (2017-2022)“Development of Basic Technology for Next Generation Thermal Power Generation(Development of CO2 Utilization Technology)” (2017-2020)
“Cutting-Edge Research for Development of CO2 Utilization Technology(Electrochemical Direct Decomposition of CO2)” (2019-2020)
Others: Thermoelectronics and thermal energy storage“International joint research for advanced thermoelectric devices and metrology” (20202023)
“International joint research and development of innovative high-temperature thermalenergy storage technology” (2021-2024)


4. International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
AIST has concluded comprehensive MOUs with the following eight RD20 members in thefield of energy and environment as of 6th June 2022: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization (CSIRO, Australia), National Research Council of Canada (NRC,
Canada), Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC, EC), Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA, France), Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS, France), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten
Forschung e. V. (FhG, Germany), and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA).
We hope we can enhance international collaborations with other RD20 members and institutes
worldwide for clean energy technology R&Ds.
4-2 Issues /themes for promoting international collaboration
AIST, NREL and FhG-ISE co-organized a series of “the Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop” and“the Terawatt Workshop” under the tri-lateral MOU. These workshops provide opportunities todiscuss global issues from a technological perspective well as to recognize the necessity of crossborder initiatives toward solving the aforementioned global issues.
One of the challenges in these symposia, taking into account differences in regional
circumstances, is identifying and prioritizing themes to be tackled globally. For example, aim ofGigaton Hydrogen Workshop is to identify barriers and pathways in order to accelerate
development and deployment of hydrogen technologies in the various social infrastructures, andto meet energy and resource demands on a gigaton scale. To disseminate its objective globally,
the Workshop co-organizers are planning to submit an article to a peer review journal, with thepotential for expanding international alliance among RD20 member institutes. Questionnaire
results from each RD 20 institute may be utilized as an indication of their current technologicalinterest, and to identify pivotal subjects for their international cooperation. At the same time, it
is also important to develop young leaders with international perspectives in this technologicalfield. Encouraging human resource exchanges among RD20 members can be suggested.

231

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In January 2020, Japan formulated the “Environment Innovation Strategy” to create
innovations in the energy and environment fields. This strategy aims to realize a feasible costlevel for innovation deployment, and to contribute to significant GHG reduction not only inJapan but also worldwide. The strategy includes “Innovation Action Plans,” which serve as“technology compasses” to establish innovative energy and environmental technologies by 2050.
There are five key sets of technologies outlined in the Plans: non-fossil energy, energy network,hydrogen, carbon recycling and CCUS, and zero-emission agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
Furthermore, “Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050”
formulated in December 2020 and updated in June 2021 makes explicit current challenges andfuture actions to achieve carbon neutrality. Since AIST is conducting progressive research inthese key sets of technologies, we will contribute to the realization of the “Innovation Action
Plans” by implementing full research, i.e., from fundamental to applied research, for clean
energy technologies with the ultimate goal of achieving a zero-emission society.

232Dr. OBARA Haruhiko, Executive Officer
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Dr. OBARA Haruhiko is currently Executive Officer of the National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), andDirector-General of the Department of Energy and Environment, AIST.
Dr. OBARA graduated from the Department of Applied Physics, theUniversity of Tokyo, and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory of the
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, a predecessor of thecurrent AIST, in 1987. He received his Ph. D in Applied Physics fromthe University of Tokyo in 1990. He began his career as a researchscientist in superconductivity, and e xpanded his research tothermoelectric energy conversion. He was a postdoctoral researcher in
DPMC, University of Geneva, from 1993 to 1994, and was a visiting professor in the faculty ofindustrial science and technology, Tokyo University of Science, from 2015 to 2019. He
participated in various energy conservation technology projects, and is now the project leader ofthe Research and Development Project for Innovative Thermal Management Materials andTechnologies, founded by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO).
Dr. OBARA was appointed Executive Officer of AIST and Director-General of the
Department of Energy and Environment in 2020. ORCID: 0000-0002-5683-1837

233

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

NG-EMS with Battery

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Analyzing the Reactions of Electrolyte and Cathode in a Lithium/Sulfur‐ andLithium/Metal Sulfide Battery [2019-2020]2019 - 2020

Understanding of the conversion reactions inlithium/sulfur (Li/S) and lithium/metal sulfide(Li/MxSy) batteries and to expand them.

AIST/Japan

Prof. Dr. Martin Winter /MEET Battery ResearchCenterProf. OSAKA Tetsuya /Waseda Univ.

Partnership (if any)

(Domestic) Waseda Univ., Tohoku
Univ. (Associate partner)(International) Münster
Electrochemical Energy
Technology (MEET), Dresden
Univ. Tech., Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHC

Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries
BatteryThis project has the overall objective to unlock
the challenges related to the materials andmanufacturing processes of solid-state
Dr. Alexis Laforgue /NRC
batteries by investigating a number of
Dr. AKIMOTO Junji /AIST
innovative technologies to produce advanced
SSEs from both inorganic and polymericmaterials.

2020 - 2022

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International Joint Research for C
Metal-free Redox Flow Battery [2020-2023]
uDevelopment of high performance and low
2020 - 2023
cost redox free batteries to provide large-scale
Dr. HOSONO Eiji / AIST
storage on the power supply side.

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / Development of innovative
solution growth technology that improves productivity and quality of SiC crystals[2020-2023]
2020 - 2023

HydrogenHydrogen

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International Joint Research on
High Voltage Devices and Power ElectronicsCurrent
Element Technologies for the Effective The energy-saving effect of this is expected to
be 135,000 kL / year (in 2030) in crude oil
Utilization of Renewable Energy [2020–2023]
equivalent, assuming that all high-voltage (6.6 Dr. YONEZAWA Yoshiyuki /2020 - 2023
kV/200 V) transformers were replaced with
AIST
SSTs
(Solid State Transformers) and a 30-years
service life for SSTs.

Advancement of Hydrogen Technologies and UtilizationCurrent
Project / Research anddevelopment of hydrogen production technology by thermal decomposition of
methane [2019-2020]

AIST/Japan

Novel SiC crystal growth technology thatsimultaneously achieve high growth speed (inDr. MITANI Takeshi / AIST
the order of mm/h) and suppression of surface
roughening and defect formation (high quality)

Feasibility study on production of hydrogenand solid carbon by methane decomposition(International) Natural Resources
Canada-NRC, Blue Solutions,
Univ. of Sherbrooke(Domestic) Kyushu Univ.
(International) CNR-ITAE(Domestic) Univ. Tokyo, Tohoku
Univ.
(France) CNRS-SIMaP(Domestic) Kyoto Univ.,
NITech,Tsukuba Univ.
(Intrnational) ETH Zurich(Switzerland), mi2-factory(Germany), Virginia Tech. (Center
forPower Electronics, CPES) (US)Dr. TAKAGI Hideyuki / AIST (Domestic) NEDO, IHI, Kyoto Univ.

2019- 2020
Production

Lead research and development project for hydrogen utilization technology /Formulation of guidelines and establishing the Prof. MITSUSHIMA
Research and development of basic technology for advanced water electrolysis
evaluation methods for electrolyte
Shigenori / Yokohama Natl.
technology for hydrogen production/Advancement of alkaline and polymer-electrolyte performance, durability characteristics andUniv..
water electrolysis [2018-2022]
hydrogen production system to deliverhydrogen at 30 yen/Nm3 at production end
2018 - 2022
Current

234

Related information(Domestic) Yokohama Natl. Univ.,
AIST, Kyoto Univ., Osaka Pref.
Univ., Tohoku Univ., Ritsumeikan
Univ., De Nora Permelec Ltd

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/researchdevelopment/researchcollaboration/programs/vehiclepropulsion-technologies-programInstitute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary) Current
NEDO Feasibility Study Program / Development of CO2 conversion based ontransition metal catalyst [2019-2023]
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research / Development of efficient and durable catalyst
for hydrogen production from formic acid--[2020-2022]

Target / Goal Outcome
Development of a catalyst for high-pressurehydrogen production from formic acid andmethanol production from CO2 at lower
temperature (< 100 °C).

2019- 2023

Current

Transportation/Storage

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research forsupply technology of high-pressure and purity of hydrogen by chemical compressor
using formic acid [2021-2024]
2021 - 2024

Current

Development of Technologies for Realizing a Hydrogen Society / Approach to theDevelopment of P2G System Technology Aiming to Build a CO2-Free Hydrogen
Society in Yamanashi Prefecture [2016-2021]

Lead person / Organization

Mr. SAKAMOTO Masaki /Yamanashi prefecture2016 - 2021
Current

Advanced Evaluation and Analysis Technology on Degradation
Current of SOFC Stacks[2020-2024]
2020- 2024
Utilization

Development of Technologies for Hydrogen Refueling Stations / Development ofnovel thermochemical hydrogen compressor using high pressure metal hydride[2020-2023](International) Delft University ofTechnology (Netherlands) / EastParis Institute of Chemistry andMaterials Science (France) / Korea
Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology (Korea) / King
Abdullah University of Science andTechnology (Saudi Arabia) / Queen
Mary University of London (UK)
（Domestic） Yamanashi
NEDO
prefecture,
Leader of AIST's project: Dr.
Subcontracting members: JSW,
NAKAMURA Yumiko
AIST

Development of Diagnostics for Long-term and Dr. HORITA Teruhisa / AIST (Domestic)NEDO, Kyocera,Morimura SOFC, Denso, AisinHigh efficient SOFC stacks for 130,000 hours
Cosmos Corp., Osaka Gas M.,
life time with 65% LHV Effciency
Toho Gas, Tokyo Gas, CRIEPI,
Univ. Tokyo, Kyoto Univ., Tohoku
Univ Kyushu Univ
Development of novel thermochemical
Dr. SAKAKI Kouji / AIST
(Domestic) JMC
hydrogen compressor pressurizing to 80MPa

2020- 2023

PV

Current

Development of Technologies to Promote Photovoltaic Power Generation as a
Primary Power Source / Research and Development of ultra high efficiency solar cell Cost reduction of modeule power generation
modules using multijunction technologies [2020-2022]
to 7 yen / kWh in 2030.
2020 - 2022

Dr. SUGYAYA Takeyoshi /Development of high efficiency solar cells withAIST
the conversion efficiency of over 35%.

(Domestic) Universities, Privatecompanies
The Univ. Tokyo, Toyota
Technological Institute, Univ.
Miyazaki, Taiyo Nippon Sanso
co.,Sharp co., Idemitsu Kosan

Development of (i) novel passivating contact
materials for Si, and (ii) quantum-dot hybrid
perovskites, enabling low-cost and highdurability perovskite/Si tandem solar cells.

(Domestic) Nagoya Univ.
(France) CEA-Liten

Current

AIST/Japan

Photovoltaics / Devices

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International collaborative R&D
for low-cost and high-durability solar cells [2020-2023]
2020 - 2023
Current

Dr. MATSUI Takuya / AIST

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International collaboration on CISAchievements of low cost and high efficiency
based tandem PVs [2021-2024]
CIS based lightweight and flexible tandem PVs
Dr. ISHIZUKA Shogo / AIST (Germany) HZB
are expected to lead to large scale usage of2021 - 2024
PVs in society

CCUS

235

Related information

Dr. HIMEDA Yuichiro / AIST （Domestic) JST, NEDO, Osaka
University,Tokyo Univ, TYTLABS（International）BNL, PNNL, EPFL,
KAUST, Leibniz Institute for
Catalysis, Dalian University ofTechnology

Development of (i) catalyst for high pressure Dr. KAWANAMI Hajime /AIST
H2 production, (ii) CO2 resistant hydrogenstorage materials to build up hydrogen
purification, storage and supply technologies,and (iii) material synthesis method under highpressure hydrogen.

Development of hydrogen storage materials
and tank system for power to gas system.

Partnership (if any)

NEDO

Institute/Country

Theme

AIST/Japan

Artificial Photosynthesis,
Solar Chemicals, Solar Fuels

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science / Production of useful chemicals using
solar energy [2017-2022]
2017 - 2022

Target / Goal Outcome
Proposal and demonstration of cost effective
artificial photosynthesis technologies using
solar energy

Methanation

Development of Technology for Next Generation Thermal Power Generation Project/ Development of Basic Technology for Next Generation Thermal Power Generation
Extraction of technical issues and providing(Development of CO2 Utilization Technology) [2017-2020]
possible solutions for realizing a 400 Nm3/hmethanation plant2017 - 2020

Power to X

Development of Technology for Next Generation Thermal Power Generation Project/ Cutting-Edge Research for Development of CO2 Utilization Technology
Deveropment of high efficiency advanced(Electrochemical Direct Decomposition of CO2)[2019-2020]
methane-base fuel systhesis technology withsolid oxide co-electrolysis cells
2019 - 2020

Current

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

(Domestic) Universities, Privatecompanies
Dr. SAYAMA Kazuhiro / AIST
(US) Brookhaven National
Laboratory

Dr. SAKANISHI Kinya / AIST

（Domestic) NEDO, INPEXCorporation, Hitachi Zosen
Corporation, Nagoya Univ.

Current

Dr. KISHIMOTO Haruo /GZR, AIST（Domestic) NEDO, Osaka gas
Corporation

Current

OthersThermoelectrics

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research foradvanced thermoelectric devices and metrology [2020-2023]

Development of high-efficacy thermoelectric
Dr. OHTA Michihiro / AIST
devices and high-accuracy evaluation systems

2020 - 2023
AIST/Japan

Thermal energy storage

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research anddevelopment of innovative high-temperature thermal energy storage technology[2021-2024]
2021 - 2024

236

Long duration, low cost, and large scaleenergy storage systems

Dr. NOMURA Takahiro /Hokkaido Univ.
Dr. SAITA Itoko / AIST

(Domestic) Kyushu University(France) CEA LITEN, CNRSLaboratory CRISMAT(Germany) German Aerospace
Center (DLR)(Korea) KERI

(Domestic) Hokkaido University(International) KTH (Sweden) / IITJ
(India)Related information