THE

ANNAI, SAND

MAGAZINE

OF NATURALHISTORY.

[NINTH SERIES.]

No. I04. AUGUST 1926.

X I X . - - N e w or little-known Tipulidm ( Diptera).--XXXII.
Australasian Species. By CHAItLES P. ALEXANDEr, Ph.D.,
F.E.S., Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
T~E species considered in the present instalmeat are from
Australia and Tasmania. The majority of the specimens
were collected by Dr. A. L. Tonnoir, to whom my sincere
thanks are extended for the privilege of examining thissplendid series. Other specimens were collected by myfriends Messrs. Ferguson, Hardy, and Hill, to all of whom
I express my deep thanks for kind co-operation in making
known the Australian Tipulid fauna. The Tonnoir material
has been returned to Dr. Tonnoir ; Dr. Ferguson's specimens
will be placed in the Australian Museum ; Mr. Hardy's in
the collection of the University of Queensland, Brisbane;
Mr. Hill's in the National Museum, Victoria.
TASIOCSaA, Skuse.
889. Tasiocera, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, (2) iv.
pp. 815, 816.
Tile genus Tasiocera was erected by Skuse to receive twoAustralian species (T. tenuicornis, Skuse, and T.gracilicornis,
Skuse). In 1920, the writer (Mere. Queensland Mus. vii.
p. 1) proposed tenuicornis as type.
Since this date, sixAnn. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. xviii.
12

170

Dr. (3. P. A l e x a n d e r

on

b~

Fig.
Fig. 2 B~ F j g .

[,s. ,,

Fig. Z

3A

ig. 4A~.

Fig. 4

5A
Sq

~

•

Fig. 5

Is| .~{:u, M,

Male genitalia and wing-venation of Australian species of
Tasiocera, Skuse.
Explanation of symbols :--Hypopygial. a----mdeagus ; b--basistyle ;d~-dististyle ; p-~phallosome ; 8 t ?----supposed ninth tergite. Ve'national.
Cu=Cubitus ; 1st A = l s t Anal ; M=-Media ; R = R a d i u s ; Sc=Subcosta.
Fig. 1.--Male hypopygium of T. unisetosa, sp. n.
FIE..
_ 1 A .--Di~tist~y le, enlarged ," lateral lobe of ninth terg lte."
Fig. 2.--Male hypopygium of T. axiUaris, sp. n.
Figs. 2 A, B.--Different views of dististyle of same, enlarged.
Fig. &--Male hvpopygium of T. caudifera, sp. n.
Fig. 3 A.--Dist~style, enlarged.
Fig. 4.--Male hypopyglnm of T. attenuata, sp. n.
Fig. 4 A.--Distist]le,. enlarged ; tip of dististyle of another specimen , still
more enlarged, to show variation in apical denticles.
Fig. 5.--Malo hypopygium of 2". angustistylus, sp. n.
Fig. 5 A.--Dististyle, enlarged.
Fig. 6 . - - W i n g of T. angustistylus.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

171

additional species have been described by the writer fromNew Zealand and five others are characterized below from
New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. The membersof the genus seem to be restricted to this general region *.
Two species described as members of the genus do notseem to belong here.
Tasioeera minutissima, Edwards(Trans. Linn. Soe. London, Zool. xv. pp. 210-211, 1912), of
the Seychelles Islaudu, is not a true member of the genus,
although closely allied thereto in the structure of the malehypopygium, especially the simple dististyles. The structureof the antennm and the wings is very different, however.
The second species, Tasiocera fragilicornis, l~iedel (Arch.
fiir Naturgeschichte, lxxxii. Abt. A, Heft 5, pp. 112, 113,
1916), was described from Formosa. The writer subsequently
examined material of this and found that it was referable
to the tribe Hexatomini rather than to the Eriopterini, thegenus Taiwanomyia, Alexander (Philippine 3ourn. Sei. xxii.
pp. 4 7 6 4 7 7 , 1923), being proposed to receive it.
The genus Tasiocera is well characterized by the great
length and structure of the male antenna, the cu~eiformly
narrowed wings with certain vcnational peculiarities (especially the lack ot" the anterior vorculus, the basal fusion of
Cu and M, and the extreme brevity of vein 2nd A), and thestructure of the male hypopygium (especially tile single
dististyles, and the varied structure of the phallosome, which
is sometimes asymmetrical).
The exact homologies of tile parts of the male hypopygiumof Tasiocera are still much in doubt, and certain structures
are herein interpreted with a question. The various species
have a pale fleshy plate that is tentatively homologized as
being the ninth tergite. This is not shown in tim accompanying figures (except a single lateral lobe or angle in
fig. 1 A). Its exact identity must be held in question, as
must that of the plate called " 8 t ? " in the figures. Morematerial is need~'d before the constituent parts of the phallosome can be homologizcd.
Tasiocera unisetosa, sp. n.
Size small (wing, c~, under 3 ram.) ; general coloration
dark brown ; vein 2 n d A extending some distance beyond
the origirl of M ; male hypopygium with the dististyleterminal in position, relatively slender, the apex extended
into a powerful apical seta.
** Since tile above was written, Mr. Edwards has infol~ned me that
he has seen aa Oriontal species of Tasiocera.
12 ~

172

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Male.--Length about 2"2 mm.; wing 2"8 mm.
Antennae with the flagel[ar segments elongate-cylindrical,
shortened distally, l~ear mid-length of the organ passing
into a generally elongate-f'usiform structure, the segments
shortened to the tip ; pedicels of the subterminal segments
bccome longer, but are still shorter titan the dilated portionsof the segments. Head dark brown.
Thorax uniformly dark brown. Halteres elongate, pale
brown, the extreme bases brighter. Legs uniformly darkbrown. Wings with a uniform pale brown tinge, the veins
and macrotrichi~e still darker brown. Venation: R2+3 about
equal to or a little shorter than the basal deflection of R4+s ;second anal vein extending some distance beyond the origin
of M.
Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium (fig. 1).
What seems to represent the eighth tergite (8 t ?) broad, theextreme lateral angles produced latcrad in small, obtuse,darkened points ; caudal margin transverse, ill-delimited, thedorsal surface with sparse elongate setm. Apices of ninth
tergite appear as fleshy lobes that are densely set with strong
flattened spines and setae. Basistyle cylindrical, with longsetae, longest near apex. Dististyle (fig. 1 A) terminal in
position, slender, broadest before mid-length, thence nat'rowed gradually to the apex, which is prolonged into a very
powerful curved seta; surface of the style with a few
microscopic setm, mostly subapical in position. Phallosome
trilobed.
Hab. Tasmania (West).
Holotype, c~ ~ King River, February 4, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Tasiocera axillaris, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the dististyle terminal in position,
ending in three conspicuous points or spines.
M a l e - - L e n g t h about 2-2'3 ram. ; wing 3"4.-4"2 mm.
Rostrum brownish ochrcous; palpi brown. Antennm
more than twice the length of the body, the basal three orfour flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, only a trifle
narrowed at apex; remaining segments slightly enlarged
basally, the apex produced into a pedicel, this becoming
lo~lger and more co~lspicuous on the subterminal segments,
where it nearly equals the dilated portion in length; allsegments with conspicuous erect verticils. Head darkgreyish brown.
Thorax uniformly dark brown. Halteres pale brown, then e w or llttle-known Tipulidae.

t73

knobs darker. Legs brown. Wings pale brown, the veinsslightly darker; macrolriehim dark brown. Venation : l/2+a
in alignment with Rs, about twice the length of the basal
deflection of R4+a ; vein 2nd A ending a very short distaticebeyond the origin of M.
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium testaceous brown.
Male hypopygium (fig. 2) with the basistyles relatively stout.
Dististyle terminal in position (figs. 2 A, B), produced into
three conspicuous points: a slightly curved flattened spine
on outer margin before mid-length, with a second, more
slender, acute spine in its axil; the main axis o[ the styleis further produced into a long slender rod that is weakly
toothed at apex, the distal half with scattered microscopic
setulae.
H a b . Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Wilmot~ January 8, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratypes~ c~, Burnie, January 31, 1923 (A. 1"onnoir);d', Adventure Bay, December 30, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).

Tasiocera caudifera, sp, n.
Male.--Lengtb about 3 mm. ; wi,g 4,'8 mnq.
Generally similar to T. gracilicornis, Sknse, differing conspicuously in the genitalie characters.
Vein 2nd A ending a short distance before tile originof Rs.
Male hypopygium (fig. 3/ with the dististyle (fig. 3 A )terminal in position, relatively large, flattened, just below
the apex extended into a pale flatte,ed blade with a few
additional smaller teeth at apex ; a small finger-like lobe onouter edge of style near mid-length. The phallosome isvery large and devel,~ped, appearing as very extensive pale
plates across tile genital chamber. -/gdeagns very long andslender for a member of this genus, nearly straight. What
seems to be tile eighth tergite (8 l?) is produecl mediallyinto a slender, curved, tail-like projection.
Hub. New South Wales.
Holotype, c~, Sydney, August 27, 1922 ( E. 147.Ferguson).
The type is in the writer's collection, other specimens
in Dr. Ferguson's material The fly was sent to me by
Dr. ~'ergus0n as f/: gracilicornis, Skuse, to which species it
is most closely allied, differing, however, in the structure of
the hypopygium. M. Tonnoir secured the true gracilicornis
in New South Wales, and the >enitalia conibrm closely tothe description and figure given by Skuse.

174

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Tasioeera atlenuata, sp. n.
Male hypopygium with the dististyle subterminal in
position; phallosome heavily chitinized, asymmetrical, thecaudal margin resembling the head and beak of a bird.
Male.--Length about 2"4--3 mm. ; wing 3"8-4"7 r))m.
Female.--Length about 3"8 ram. ; wing about 4"2 mm.
Antenme (d') elongate, approximately twice the lengthof the body ; basal segment of flagellum very long, approximately equal to the combined head and thorax; segments
beyond the first with short apical pedicels, the segments
becoming shorter, with longer pedicels, toward the end of
the organ ; scapal segments paler than the flagellum. Antennae ( ~ ) short, not extending to the wing-root; outer
flagellar segment oval
Head dark brown, the vertex
between the eyes narrow.
Thorax brown, the pleura paler.
Halteres elongate,
brown. Legs with the coxm pale brown, the remainde, r of
the legs darker brown. Wings tinged with pale brown,
somewhat darker brown adjoining the veins; veins darker
brown ; macrotrichim brownish black. Venation : R~+3
nearly twice as long as the basal deflection of R4+5, in alignment with Rs ; r on R~ about three times its length beyond
the origin; vein 2nd A extending to some distance beyond
the origin of M, lying nearer to the level of the origin of
Rs than to M.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites paler; malehypopygium large, pale ochreous. Male hypopygium (fig. 4)
with the basistyles unusually elongate, the apex slightly
produced and constricted immediately beyond the point ot"
insertion of the dististyle, this rounded apex provided withfrom two to four powerful spinous bristles, together withnumerous other smaller ones that extend down the outer faceof style. Dististyle (fig. 4A) slender, narrowed distally, themargin irregularly serrulate.
Phallosome asymmetrical,
heavily chitinized, and blackened, the apex resembling thehead and beak of a bird ; disk of phallosome produced into
a conspicuous chitinized spine. _/Edeagus small, curved.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~ Strahan, west coast, February 5, 1923
(A. Tonnoir).
AUotopotype, ?, February 192~ (G. H. Hardy) ; collector's number 406.
Paratopotypes, 1 g , 1 ? , with type; i ~ , with the allotype ; paratypes, 2 3' ~', 1 ~, Zeeha% west coast, February 7,

new or little-k~,owr~ Tipulidw.

175

1923 (A. 7bnnoir); 1 ~', Cradle Valley, nol'th-west, altitude
3500 feet, January 23, 1923 (A. Tonnoir); 1 d , Adventure
Itay~ southeast, December 28, 1922 (A. IOunoir).
Prof. Hardy's material is in the collection of the Unversityof Queensland. Tasiocera attenuata appears to be the commonest and most widely distributed species of the genus in
Tasmania. It is easily recognized by tim large pale hypopygium, the subterminal dististyle, and the massive asymmetrical phallosome.

Tasiocera angustistylus, sp. n.
Male hy popygium with dististyle subterminal, very slender;
phallosomc symmetrical.
Mah'.--Length about 2-2"2 mm.; wing 3"5 mm.
Female.--Length 1"8-1"9 ram. ; wing 3 ram.
Antcnnm moderately elongate, in the male with the basal
flagellar segment elongate-cylindrical, with scattered erectdelicate setm; the succeeding segments are shorter, moreenlarged basally, with short terminal pedicels that become
longer toward the end of the organ. In the female theantennse are a trifle longer than the combined head andthorax, the flagellar segments oval. Head dark brown.
Thorax dark brown, the pleura paler. Halteres elongate,
brown. Legs with the coxm and trochanters pale brown,
the remainder of the legs darker brown. Wings (fig. 6)
tinged with brown, the veins a little darker; macrotrichim
darker brown. Venation: R~+~ about equal to basal deflection of R4+5 ; vein 2nd.4 lies so close to the anal margin
as to be indistinguishable in the material at hand.
Male hypopygium (fig. 5) with the basistyles unusuallyelongate, each p,oduced caudad beyond the level of insertionof the dlstistyle into a stout obtuse lobe that is provided
along mesal face with a series of powerful spinous setm.
Dististyle (fig. 5 A) subterminal in position, placed on mesal
face of basistyle near mid-length, very slender~ narrowed tothe slightly curved, weakly toothed apex ; ventral margi~ ofstyle on distal half with two or three scparatet| denticles.
Phallosome symmetrical, complicated in structure. 2Edeagus
relatively small, curved.
Hab. New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania.
Hololype, ~, Eaglehawk :Neck, Tasman Peninsula, Tasmania, November 22, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Allotype, ?, Narar% New South Wales, November 3,
1921 (A. Tonnoir).
Parato~otype, 1 ~ , with type; paratypes, 2 ~ ~ , with

176

Dr. C. P. Alexa,der onallotype ; 2 ~ g , 1 ? , Sassafras, Mt. Dandenong, Victoria,
October 20-21, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).

CRYPTOLABIS,Osten-Sacken.
1859. Cryptolabis,Osten-Sacken,Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
p. 224 (1859).
This curious and isolated genus was erected by OstenSacken for the reception of C. paradoxa, Osten-Sacken~ ofNorth-eastern North America. Later, the genus was foundto occur in Western North America and to be more abundantly represented in number of species in tropical andtemperate South America. Up to the present time, Cryptolabis has been found only ill the New World, where it isrepresented by six known species, four in tile typical subgenus, with abundant macrotrichim in the distal cells of thewing (bisinuata, Doane, paradoxa, Osten-Sacken, sepulchralis,
Alexander, and tropicalis, Alexander), and two in Procryptolabis, Alexander, with the cells of the wing glabrous(ar#entiuensis, Alexander, and tenuicincta, Alexander). It istherefore a matter of great interest and importance to add
the genus to the Australasian fauna. M. Tonnoir discovered
two species in New South Wales and Tasmania.
The nearest affinities of the genus seem to be with
Tasiocera, Skuse, but there is a profound gap between thetwo genera. The structure of the male hypopygium is of avery peculiar nature. There is but a single dististyle, whichis small and simple, placed at the apex of the basistyle. The
phallosome is a stout, heavily chitinized, sinuous or convoluted tube extending far back into tile body, in the extreme
cases covering three abdominal segments. The caudal end
terminates in an acute point, the cephalic end usually with
two flattened rods. Thi~ structure is shortest in the genotype. In the Australian species there lies between the
dististyles a median, heavily chitinized structure that seems
to have no counterpart ill the genotype and which appears
to be a tergal structure, and is here tentatively designatedas such. The ovipositor is fleshy, the valves being very small
and blunt. The eggs are very large, relatively few in number,and with a heavy black chorion.
The two Australian species described at this time areclosely allied, but readily separable by the structure of themale hypopygium. The species are most closely allied to theParaguayan C. sepalchralis, Alexander.
Cryptolabis tonnoiri, ~p. n.
General coloration of praescutum reddish brown, thenew or little-known Tipulidm.

177

postnotum with a large obscure yellow mark on the suture;wings with macrotrichi~e extensively developed, including
cell M ; male hypopygium with the dististyle terminatiug
in a slender straight spine ; median tergal structure a broad
black spine.
M a l e . ~ L e n g t h about 3"2 mm. ; wing 4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennm of moderate
So,

Fig. 7Ist'A i;n, m -"Fig. 8

tI
t, i!
t,

Fig. 9Fig

Wing-venation and male genitalia of Australian species ofC~:~lptolabis,Osten-Sacken.
Explanation of symbols :--Hypopygial. b=basistyle ; d=dististyle ip= phallosome ; t ? = doubtful terg'al structure. Vemtti.nal. Cu~cub{tus;
1st A =lst Anal ; M=Media ; .R= Radius ; Sc=Subcosta.
Fig. 7.--Wing of C. tonnoiri, sp. n.
Fig. &--Wing of hypopy~ium of C. tasmanica, sp. n.
Fig. 9.--Male hypopygiunl of C. tonnoiri, sp. n.
Fig. 10.--Male hypopygium of C. tasmanica, sp. n.
length, if bent backward extending about to t],e wing-root,
dark brown t h r o u g h o u t ; second scapal segment enlarged;
flagellar segments oval, the more basal ones shorter, thesegments with relatively long dark verticils. Head lightbrown.
Pronotum light yellow, the broad lateral pretergites coneolorous. Mesonotal prmscutum light reddish brown, the178

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

humeral region brighter, darker antero-medially ; scutum
dark brown ; ucutellum more testaceous medially ; postnotum
dark with a conspicuous yellow mark occupying the anterolateral portion of the mediotergite and the anterior portionof the pleurotergite. Pleura dark brown, the dorso-pleural
membrane paler. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs large, thedistal half of the stem infuseated. Legs with the coxm
yellowish testaceous, the fore coxm darker; trochanters
yellow; femora and tlbim yellow, their tips narrowly infuscated ; tarsi yellowish testaceous, the segments gradually
passing into brown ; segments of legs with long erect setm.
Wings (fig. 7) with a faint brownish tinge, the stigmal
region vaguely darkened; anal angle infuscated ; a vague
ill-defined clouding along the cord; veins brown, darker
brown along the cord. Numerous macrotrichim in all thecells of the wing, except Sc and the basal portions of R,
1st R1, and M. Venation : Scl ending opposite the fork of
R:+~, Sc2 opposite the fork of Rs, the latter in alignment
with R4+5; m-cunear mid-length of M3+~, the petiole of cellM s a little longer than m-cu.
Abdomen brown, inchlding the hypopygium. Male hypopygium (fig. 9) with the basistyles stout, their bases nearly
glabrous, the outer lateral portions with set~e that become
long and conspicuous near the outer lateral augles. Dististyle (d) fleshy at base, the apex produced into a slender,
straight, black spine, the tip acute. From between the styli
juts a powerful median spine, whose homologies cannot be
stated, but which may represent the tergite (t?). The phallosome (p) is a stout, sinuous, or slightly convoluted blackened
tube that extends back into the abdomen to the seventh segment, the apex terminating into a long acute spine, the hasewith two bars that are broadly expanded at tips~ the notch
between very deep and narrowly U-shaped.
Hab. New South Wales.
Holotype, c~ , Narara, November 3, 1921 (A. 7bnnoir).
This interesting fly is named in honour of the collectov~
Dr. A. L. Tonnoir.
Cryptolabis tasmanica, sp. n.
General coloration o~ prsescutum dark brown, including
the postnotum; sternopleurite with an obscure yellow
marking ; wings with relatively sparse macrotrichim, cell M
and bases of cells RI~ R~, and Cu without them; malehypopygium with the dististyles entirely fleshy; median

new

or

littl,-known Tipulid~.

179

tergal structure massive, subquadrate, the caudal margin
truncate and microscopically serrulate.
/l~/a/e.--Length 2'8-3 ram. ; wing 4"2 ram.
Female.--Length 3"8-4"2 mm. ; wing 5-6 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennm short, dark brown
throughout, if bent b~ckward not atta%ing the wing-root ;flagellar segments oval. Head light brown.
Pronotum light yellow, the median area a little infuscated.
Lateral pretergites clear light yellow. Mesonotal prmscutumwith three approximated or confluent dark brown stripes,
the humeral region and lateral margins rather broadly andconspicuously paler brown ; seutal lobes dark brown, paler
behind, the median area pale; scutellum yellowish testaceous ; postnotum dark brown. Thoracic do[sum with rather
abundant short yellow setm. Pleura dark brown, sparsely
grey pruinose; sternopleurite with a large pale dorsal
marking; dorso-pleural membrane pale. Halteres pale.
Legs with the eox~c dark brown, the middle coxae paler;troehanters obscure yellow; femora yellowish testaceous,
the tips infuscated, more extensively so on tim fore femora;
tibim brownish testaceous, the tips narrowly darkened ; tarsi
passing into brown; setm of legs less conspicuous than in
C. tonnoiri. Wings (fig. 8) with a faint darker tinge, theanal angle still more infuscated ; veins light brown. Macrotriehim not so extensive as in C. tonnoiri, cell M and thebroad bases of cells R, R~, M~, M4, Cu, and 1st A being
glabrous. Venation : m-cu less than its length beyond thefork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium and ovipositor
pale,'. Mate hypopygium (fig. 10) very different in structurefrom C. tonnoiri. Dististyle (d) entirely fleshy, not at all
produced into a spine, provided with conspicuous setm thatare larger and more striki~,g at the apex. Basistyle (b) verybroad, the mesal apical angle with two dense groups of set~e.
The spinous structure in tonnoiri that was suggested as
possibly being tergal is here represented by a massive,roughly quadrate structure (t ?), the caudal margin truncatedand microscopically serrulate. The phallosome (p) is lesselongat% more bulbous at base, the apex not conspicuously
blackened, the basal bars slender arid widely divergent.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ~ , Burnie, Jammry 31, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Altotype, ? , (}eeveston, December 7, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotypes, 1 ~ , 1 ? ; paratype, ? ,Wilmot, January 8,
1923 (A. 7bnnoir).

180

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Amphineurus ( Amphineurus) flavoscutellatus, sp. n.
General coloration greyish brown, the pr~eseutum withthe 1,teral margins broadly whitish, narrowly margined internally with dark brown; scutellum yellow; pleura whitish
with two conspicuous dark brown stripes ; antennm yellow ;tips of femora broadly yellow.
Male.--Length 3"5-3"6 mm. ; wing 5-5"2 ram.
Female.--Lel~gth 4"3 ram. ; wing 5"8 ram.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae short~ clear
yellow, the terminal segments of the flagellum somewhat
darker ; flagellar segments oval with black verticils. Headgreyish brown, the orbits narrowly clearer grey.
1)ronotum pale, the lateral margins dark brown. Mesonotal pr~eseutum reddish brown, sparsely pruinose behind;humeral region and lateral margins broadly whitish, narrowly margined internally by a brownish-black line ; scutum
light brown, the broad median area more greyish, the posterior callosities of the scutal lobes in some cases conspicuously
sulphur-yellow; scutellum yellow; postnotum dark brown,
a little more reddish behind. Pleura pale yellow or white,with two conspicuous dark brown longitudinal stripes, one
dorsal, including the propleura and the dorsal mesopleurites,
passing above the root of the halteres, the second stripe including the sternopleurite and the moron, the pale stripe
between broad, silvery grey. Halteres brown, the base of thestem ochreous, the knobs conspicuously light yellow. Legs
with the cox~e light brownish testaceous, the bases narro~ly
infuscated ; trochanters light yellow ; femora pale with dark
set,e, the tips broadly and conspicuously light yellow; tibiae andtarsi dark brown. Wings ~ith a brown tinge~ the costa a~dstigmal region more yellowish, the latter bordered posterio, ly
with darker brown ; veins CUl and 2nd A more clouded withdusky; vague paler areas beyond the cord in the medial
field and in the ends of veins Cu and 1st A ; veins darkbrown, the macrotrichim still darker. In fresh unrubbed
sl~ecimens the wing is variegated with yellow and black
macrotrichim, the ground-colour being yellowish with black
patches, especially evident in the costal region and following
vein 2rid A ; the cells beyond the cord have small nebulous
darker areas. Venation : Rs only gently arcuated at origin ;m-cu immediately before the fork of M.
Abdomen reddish brown above, the lateral margins of
the tergites conspicuously velvety-black ; sternites ochreous
yellow; hypopygium brownish testaceous. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite narrowed apically, the caudal

new o~" little.known Tipulid~o.

181

margin with a V-shaped notch, the lobes formed rounded
and set with microscopic spicules. Ventral lobe of basistyle
very long and slender, extending caudad beyond the otherelements of the hypopygium. Two of tile three dististyles
are long needle-like rods, one straight, the other longer,
curved to the narrowly flattened apex. The third dististyleis a short flattened blade. Phallosome very flattened.
ltab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Ferntree Gully, Mt. Dandenong, February 22,
1924 ( G. F. Hill).
Allotopotype, ?.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ~ .
Types in the collection of the National Museum, Victoria.

Erioptera amabilis, sp. n.
Anterior mesonotum ochreous-yellow, the posterior sclerites dark brown ; pleura with a conspicuous brown longitudinal stripe; femora extensively blackened; wings witha heavy brown pattern that is iu part cross-banded; malehypopygium with the ninth tergite broad, the margin divided
into three regions, demarked by two powe ful spinous setae.
Male.--Length about 3"5 ram.; wing 5 mm.
Kostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae pale yellowish
brown, of moderate length, the flagellar segments fusitbrm,
each with a central verticil of erect silvery hairs. Head pale
huffy, the vertex between the eyes of moderate width.
Dorsum of pronotum pale brown. Mesonotal prmscutum
and seutum bright ochreous-yellow, unmarked; scutcllum
brown with a median pale line; postnotal mediotergite clarkbrown, paler posteriorly. Pleura traversed by a broad dorsolongitudinal dark brown stripe that extends from the propleura, broadening behind to include the entire postm)tal
pleurotergite ; ventral pleurites and sternites pale yellowish
testaceous, the meron a little infuscated. Halteres black, theextreme base of the stem pale yellow. Legs with the cox~eand trochanters pale yellowish testaceous ; femora black, thebases extensively pale, narrowest on fore legs where less thanthe basal third is included, broadest on the posterior legs
where about the basal half is pale ; tibiae brownish yellow, tim
tips darker, most conspicuously and extensively so on the fore
tibia; mid-tibiae with a sub-basal area of black hairs; posterior
tibim with only the extreme tip narrowly infuscated; tarsi
yellow, the terminal two segments dark brown. Wings subhyaline, the base and costal region and a seam between tile
branches of Cu pale yellow ; wing-membrane conspicuoualy

182

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

al~d extensively clouded with brown, this appearing as
irregular fasciee~ as follows: at arculus ; a Y-shaped crossband includes tile cord as the stem and distal arm, theproximal arm at or near the outer ends of cell R and 1st R~ ;a narrow but complete fascia crosses the wing at about middistance between the cord and wing-tip; small browl~
marginal spots at ends o[ all longitudiual veias~ larger on
the cubital and a~al vei~s; a small brown cloud at ibrk ofM~+4 and anott~er beyo~d raid-length of vein 2nd A ; thegeneral effect produced is thus of a relatively heavy crossbanded pattern ; veins pale, darker in the infuscated areas ;trichim long and black. Venation : R~+3 short ; M3+4 about
equal to m-cu; vein 2nd A moderately sinuous~ about intermediate between the conditions found in Erioptera andIlisia.
Abdomen uniformly dark brown, including the h),popygium, the styli a little paler. Male hypopygium with theninth tergite very broad, the caudal margin divided into
three regions, separated from one another by a powerful,gently curved, marginal seta, the lateral regions forming
broad diverging lobes, the broader median area ]ow and indisti~ctly trilobed. Basistyle produced into a long paleverltral lobe and a shorter darkened dorsal lobe. Dististyles
two, the more ventral one pale, deeply divided to appear
uomewhat like a tuning-ibrk, the second distinctly blackened.
Phallosome asymmetrical, the appare~Jt gonapophysis single,
narrowed into a slender, gently curve(t, sparsely setiferous
apical horn.
Hab. New South Wales.
Holotype, c~, Mt. Wilson, Blue Mts., November 19, 1921
(A. 2bnnoir).

Erioptera delectabilis, sp. n.
Male.--Length about 3"5 ram.; wing 5 ram.
Generally similar to E. amabilis, sp. n., differing in thecoloration of the wings and legs and in tile details of structureof the male hypopygium.
Legs with the dark colour much more restricted, thefemoral tips being rather narrowly dark brown, this colour
including less than the apical quarter, the amount a trifle
greater on the fore femora ; bases of the femora, especiallythe middle pair, with dusky setm to produce a faint infuscation on more than the basal h a l f ; fore tib~e rather
extel~sively infuseatcd, this including about the distal
fourth; tarsi pale, the terminal two segments abruptly

new or llttle-known Tipulidm.

183

blackened; fore legs elongat% the tibiae a trifle longer than
the t'emorzl, the tarsi much longer than the tibiae ; basitarsus
about on(.-third lol~ger than the remainder of tarsi taken
together; middle tarsi short, the basitarsus shorter than
the remai~der of the tarsi ; posterior tarsi shorter than thetibiae. Wings witl~tbe pattern much more restricted thani~l amabilis, the brow1~ p~,ttern being confiT,ed to spots andnarrow broken cross-ban(is, the latter continuous only along
the c(n'd. Male hypopygium much as in amabilis, the tergite very distinct, broad, large ; the median area with a small
obtuse triangular lobe, the caudal margin of tergite without
setae.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, c~, Sassafi'as, Mt. Dandcnong, October 19, 1922
( A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ~ , October 21~ 1922.

Erioptera ( Erioptera) funesta, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown, including the head androstrum; prmscutum with three delicate brown lines onanterior half, the lateral margin,s of the sclerite paler ; pleura
dark, with a paler stripe oil the sternopleurite ; knobs ofhalteres dark ; wings relatively narrow ; vein 2nd A strot~gly
sinuous, especially apically.
Female.--Lcngth about 4 mm. ; wing 5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. -~ntem)a] scape darkbrown ; flagellum broken. Head dark brown.
1)ronotum dark, the posterior notum slightly obscurebrownish yellow. Mesonotal prmscutum dark brown, thelateral margin fading into brownish yellow ; viewed dorsallytl~ere is a distinct darker brown line on either side of thebroad median area, this line extending caudad to the level ofpseudosutural fove~c ; a fainter and even narrower medianbrown line passes between the approximated tuberculate
pits; scutal lobes concolorous with the prmscutum, themedian area pale ; scutellum dark brown, shiny ; postnotum
dark brown, grey prninose. Pleura dark brownish greywith a broad paler longitudinal stripe on the dorsal portionof the sternopleurite ; dorso-pleural membrane dark. Halteres pale, the knobs infuscated. Legs with the coxm andtrochanters brownish testaceous ; remainder of legs broken.
"4ings relatively narrow, est~ecially the basal half, with apale brown tinge ; veins darker brown ; macrotrichim short,still darker.
Venation: R~+3 long, approximately threetimes the basal deflection of R4+s; m-cu a short distance184

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

before the fork of M ; distal section of Cul nearly straight,
the tips only vaguely deflected; apical sinuation of vein
2nd .4 longer than in E. simulans, n. n. ; all apical forks
deep.
Abdomen dark brown, with yellow setm. Ovipositor withthe valves horn-coloured; tergal values stout, relatively
broad, strongly upcurved to the acute tips.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, ?, Eag]ehawk Neck, Tasman Peninsula,
November 22, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).

Erioptera ( Erioptera) simulans~ n. n.
New name for .Erioptera ochracea, Skuse, Proe. Linn. Sec. New South
Wales, (2) iv. p. 819 (1889), nee ~. oehraeea, Meigen, Syst. Beschr.
i. p. 114 (1818).
I am greatly indebted to Dr. Ferguson for a male of thisspecies (Sydney, December 16, 1923, Ferguson coll.). M.
Tonnoir secured a female at Narara, November 3, 1921.
The male hypopygium is very different in structure fromthat of JE. lucerna, sp. n. Dististyles terminal in position,
the outer with conspicuous black microscopic serrulations
and spines before the acute apex ; inner style a conspicuous
flattened blade, the apex bent at a right angle into a long
slender point. Outer gonapophyses appearing as suboval
pale blades, each with a carina back from the apex.

Erioptera ( F~rioptera) lucerna, sp n.
General coloration ochreous, including the rostrum ; headdark brow% the vertical tubercle yellowish; mesonotal
prmscutum with three brown stripes; knobs of halteres
infuscated; male hypopygium with the dististyles subterminal in position.
Male.--Length about 4 ram. ; wing about 5 ram.
Rostrum ochreous; palpi dark brown. Antennae withthe scapal segments somewhat enlarged, ochreous ; flageltar
segments dark brown; flagellum broken beyond the base.
Head dark brown, the vertical tubercle yellowish.
Pronotum light brow~, the lateral pretergites pale.
Mesonotal prmscutum ochreous, with three distinct brown
stripes, the median stripe broader, not reaching the suture ;lateral stripes short, crossing the suture on to the scutal
lobes ; scutellum brownish testaeeous, paler caudally ; postnotum pale, the sides of the medio-tergite somewhat
darkened, pruinose. Pleura largely ochreous. Halteresnew or little-known Tipulid~e.

185

pale, the knobs infuscated. Legs with the eoxze and trochanters yellowish testaeeous ; remainder of legs brownish
yellow, the terminal tarsal segments passing into brown.
Wings with a brownish-yellow tinge, veins and macrotrichi~edark brown, the veins with long co~tspicuous maerotrichite.
Venation: r oil R~ about its own length beyond origin;
m-cu some distance before the fork of M, this about equal
to r - m ; vein Cut with the distal section approximately
straight ; vein 2rid A strongly sinuous, especially the distal
third.
Abdomen brown, including the hypopygium. Male
hypopygium with tile basistyles produced considerably
beyond the level of insertion of the dististyles into an elongate, conical, setiferous lobe. Mesal face of basistyle withtwo conspicuous short spines from enlarged bases, ttJe morebasal spine considerably larger than the distal one. Dististyles two, the outer one pale~ dilated at apex into a
triangular head that is slightly split, the tip obtuse. Innerdististyle lying close to the other, a pale, slender, simple
rod. Gonapophyses very large, chitinized, arcuated, slightly
dilated into narrow blades before the acute tips. Inner
gonapophysis a deeply bifurcated pale plate.
Hub. Queensland.
Holotype~ ¢~, Burpengary, July 1919.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) fuscohalterata, sp. n.
Rostrum black ; antennm black throughout ; head brownand yellow; scntellum yellowish brown; thoracic pleura
brown, with a broad whitish-yellow longitudinal stripe;
halteres long, dark brown, the knobs a trifle paler; wings
with a pale brown tinge, the stigma scarcely darker; Sc
long ; abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown.
Female.--Length about 4"5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm black throughout ;flagellar segments elongate-oval, the basal segments longer
and thicker, the terminal segments very slender; vertieils
of moderate length only. Head brown, the anterior vertex
and the oceiput conspicuously light yellow, separated by adusky spot on the disk of the vertex.
Pronotum and lateral pretergites conspicuously lightyellow, the latter vaguely darkened beyond the pseudosutural
fove~e, the tegular region similarly light yellow. Mesonotum
dark brown, the pseudosutural foveae shiny brownish black,the extreme lateral margins of the pr~escutum a little paler ;seutum dark brown, the posterior lateral angles of the lobes
Ann. & Mug..N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. xviii.
13

186

Dr. C. P. Alexal~der on

obscure yellow ; scutellum yellowish brown ; postuotum
dark brown. Pleura dark brown with a broad pale yellow
longitudinal stripe extending fJ'om behind the fore coxm tothe base of the abdomen, passing beneath the base of thehalteres, the stripe slightly whitish pruinose. Haltereselongate, dark brown, the knobs with a vague yellow tinge.
Legs with the coxm and trochanters brown ; femora lightbrown; tibim brown, the tarsi conspicuously pale yellowish
brown, only the two terminal segments dark brown. Wings
with a pale brown ting% the stigma scarcely darker ; veins
darker brown. Venation : Scl ending about opposite ol~ethird the length of Rs, See at about one-third of the distancebeyond the origin of Rs ; cell R3 strongly widened outwardly ;cell 1st Ms strongly narrowed at base ; m-cu shortly before
the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, tile sternites somewhat
paler brown. Ovipositor with the valves long arid slender,
the tergal valves gently upcurved ; basal shield and bases ofvalves darkened.
Hab. New South Wales.
Holotype, ?, Mt. Wilson, Blue IV[ts., November 19, 1921
(A. Tonnoir).

Rhabdomastix minima, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown ; legs pale brownish testaceous, including the tarsi ; wings with a pale brown tinge ;cell 1st M2 narrowed, the outer end pointed, m being much
longer than the outer deflection of M3; macrotrichire ofveins relatively sparse.
Female.--Length about 2"6 ram. ; wing 3 ram.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennm moderately
elongate, if bent backward extending to the wing-root orjust beyond, dark brown, the flagellar segments elongateoval. Head brown.
Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown. Pleura concolorous, the pleurotergite paler. Halteres broken beyond
the dark bases. Legs with the coxm and trochanters
yellowish testaeeous, the fore coxse darker; remainder oflegs pale brownish testaeeous, only the terminal tarsal segments darker; tile longer posterior legs are more infuscated,
including the tarsi. Wings with a pale brown tinge, theveins darker brown; stigma oval, darker brown than the
ground-colour. Macrotrichim relatively sparse, none orl Rs,
Rs+~, Re, or R,; a scattered series on R4+~ about to theorigin; others on outer half of distal sections of MI+~ andnew or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

187

M3 ; no triehi~e on M, M4, Cu, or the anal veins. Venation :Sc of moderate length, Scl ending just before mid-length of
R s ; cell 1st ~1~ relatively long and narrow, the outer end
pointed, m being much longer than the outer deflection of
Ma ; m-cu from one-tl,ird to one-half its le**gth beyond thefork of M ; vein 2nd A geutly sinuous.
Abdomen dark brown, the ovipositor brownish horn-colour,
the bases of the valves blackened ; tergal valves of ovipositor
nearly straight, deep, ~be tips acute.
/h&. New South Wales.
Holotype, ?, Waterfall, November 1921 (A. Tonnoir).
Rhabdomastix mi~dma is much smaller than the genotype,R. osten-sackeni, Skuse, differing, moreover, in the coloration()~ the tarsal segments, the wing-venation, a**d the number
and arrangement of the macrotrichim on the wing-veins.
The fly that was described by the writer as Rhabdomastix
generosa (Records South Australian Museum, ii. p. 238(1922)), based on a leglcss female, has since been received
in small numbers and pl'oves to be more correctly referable
to Ischnothrix, Bigot.
Ceratocheilus tasmaniensis, sp. n.
Mesonotai preescutum reddish brown, the lateral margins
broadly light grey, the disk with three conspicuous brown
stripes that do not tend to become confluent; halteresyellow; wings with a pale brown tinge; vein R~+a with
about fifteen macrotrichi~e; vein M~ with a central group of
about six macrotrichi~e ; abdomen bieolorous.
Male.--Length (excluding rostrum) 6"5 ram. ; wing
6"3 mm. ; rostrum 6 ram.
Rostrum oE~ly a little shorter than the b~dy, brownish
black throughout. Antennm brownish black, the scapal
segments paler. Head grey, darker oil the vertex, theanterior vertex and orbits paler grey ; corniculus depressed.
Vertex between tile eyes about equal in diameter to thesecond seapal segment.
Mesonotal prmscutum reddish brown, the lateral margins
broadly light grey, the disk with three conspicuous darkbrown stripes, the median stripe broader; the stripes all
widely separated~ the lateral stripes being straight and not
at all incurred towar(t tim median line; scutal lobes darkbrown, the median area grey in front, infuscated behind;scutellum brown, broadly reddish brown behind, the surface
sparsely pruinose; postnotum dark, the margins of themediotergite more reddish. Pleura dark brown with a
13"

188

Dr. C. P. Alexander onnarrow pale loHgitu(lhlal stripe occupying the dorsal portionof the sternot)leurite, passing eaudad to beneath the halteres.
Halteres yellow, the kuobs scarcely darkened. Legs withthe fore and middle coxm more or less infuscated basally, theposterior cox~e moz'e uniformly testaceous ; trochanters
yellowish testaceous; femora brown, paler basally; tibiae
and tarsi brow~lish black. Wings not so strongly titlged
with brown as in C. austra/asi~e~ Alex., the cord and outerend of cell 1st M2 vaguely but broadly seamed with darker.
Macrotrichim : vein R2+s with about fifteen (in australasi~eabout five) ; M~ with a central group of about six (australasiae with more than twenty-five setae, some paired, anddistributed the entire length of vein). Venation : Se~ somedistatlce before origin of Rs, SCl a short distance beyond thisorigin.
Abdominal tergites distinctly bicolorous, the caudal margins broadly, the lateral margins more narrowly infuscated,the disk obscure browlfish yellow ; seventh tergite uniformly
infuscated; eighth and ninth tergites obscure brownish
yellow, the hypopygium dark brown ; sternites almost liketergites.
Hab. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Strahan, February 5, 1923 (A. rlbnnoir).
The only regional species with which this fly may be
confused is C. auslralasice, Alexander (Lord Howe Island).
The two species are separable by the diagnostic charactersgiven above.

Orimarga joana, sp. n.
General coloration yellowish ochreous, the postnotum andpleura dark brown, tile latter with two longitudinal silvery
stripes; legs yellow, the tips of the femora and tibim
abruptly blackened; wings yellow with a dusky wash
extending the whole length of the wing at near mid-width ;cross-veins and deflections of veins with conspicuous darkbrown seams ; last section of M, 1]/3+4, and M~ all approximately equal in length.
_Female.--Length about 7"5 mm.; wing 6 ram.
l~ostrum relatively elongate, a little shorter than tim head,ochreous ; palpi brownish black. Antennae with basal segment of scape pale brown~ the second segment and basal halfof flagellum dark brown, the distal half of the flagellum
lading into yellow; flageltarsegments oval. Head brownish
yellow.

. e w or little-lcnown Tipulidm.

189

Mesonotal prmseutum light yellowish ochreous, the sublateral region infuseated, the lateral margin narrowly paler ;seutal lobes and seutetlum oehreous, the central region
weakly infuseated; postnotum dark brown. Pleura clarkbrown with two conspicuous longitudinal silvery stripe% theshorter one dorsal in position, exteudi~g to just beneath thetegul,-e ; the longer ventral stripe extends from the fore eox~eto the base of abdomen, passing beneath the halteres ; the dark
stripe separati~g these silvery areas about as wide as the dorsal
stripe, ttalteres pale yellow, the knobs vaguely darkm~ed.
Legs with the eoxee yellow, the bases broadly dark brown ;trochanters yellow, remainder of legs pale whitish yellow,
the tips of the femora broadly and abruptly blackened;ex(reme base of tibia blaek, the tips abruptly blackened ;tarsi yellow, the terminal segments passing into brown.
Wings with a light yellow ti.ge, brighter at the base andalong the costal margin, with conspicuous ])town spots, grey
clouds, and a longitudinal dusky wash at about mid-width of
the wiug, extendiug from the anal angle to the wing-tip;
the brown markings inehade the arcuius; origin of Rs(largest), Sc2, a large ovai stigmal area at r, aud smaller
clouds at tip of R2+:~ and on the vertical basal deflection of/~4+s ; somewhat paler clouds on r-m, m-cu, the fork of M
and of M3+¢; tiny darkened areas, appearing chiefly as discolorations of the vein-tips, on all the marginal longitudinalveins. Venation : Scl ending shortly before mid-length ofthe long areuated sector, Sc2 not far from its tip ; r at tipof R1, placed only about its own length beyond ttae tbrk of
Rs ; basal section of R~+5 anguiated and weakly spurred atorigin ; r - m placed near mid-length of the long distal sectionof R4+~ and far beyond the other transverse elements of thewing ; m - c u about opposite Sc~, oblique ; the last section of,l[, Ma+4, and M4 all approximately equal in length.
Abdomen elo~gate, as in the group; tergites reddish
yellow, the e~mdal margins of the segments narrowly infuseated; sternites more infnseatei, espeeially laterally. Ovipositor with the valves relatively short, with a flattened
circular expansion on ventral side just be/bre the tip ; thedetails of this cannot be more closely discerned in the unique
type.
Hub. New South Wales.
Holotype, ? , Wentworth Falls, Blue Mrs., November 18,
1921 ( A. 7bnnoir).
This charming fly is dedicated to Miss Joan Edwards,
elelest daughter of Fred W. Edwards. The presence of a

190

Dr. (]. P. Alexander o nspur at tile angulated bend of R4+5 near the normal positionof r - m in the genus might indicate that this vein has
atrophied in tile species, and the outlying element hereintreated as being r - m may be a supernumerary cross-vein.
TONNOIROMYIA, gen. nov.

Rostrum short ; palpi 4,-segmented, the terminal segment
a little longer and more slender than tile penultimate.
Antennm 15-segmented ill tile male, elongate, if bent backward extending to mid-length of the abdomen; flagellar
segments elongate-cylindrical, the verticils very small,scarcely longer than the dense erect pubescence that covers
the flagellar segments ; flagellar segments gradually narrowed
and shortened outwardly. In the female tile antennm areshorter and apparently 16-segmented, there being an
additional small terminal segment that seems to be distinct
from tile penultimate; basal flagellar segment nearly as
long as tim two following taken together, the segments
gradually decreasing in length to the tip (figs. 12, 13).
Pronotum very small, crowded. Pleura with the meronvery small. Legs long and slender; tibim without spurs;
claws (fig. 14) elongate, with a pale microscopic comb of
about five teeth on basal half; empodia distinct. Wings(fig. 11) with Sc elongate, Scl ending a short distance beyond
the fork of Rs, Sc: close to its tip; r at tip of R1, t)laeed
about three times its own length beyond the fork of /~s;basal section of /~4+5 elongate, about equal to the penultimate section of R~ ; r-m more than twice its length beyo~,dthe fork of M ; cell 1st M: open by atrophy of m; eell M3
about as long as its petiole; m-ca variable in position,
before, at, or some distance before the fork of M ; vein C'u~very faint and ill-defined, becoming obliterated some distance
before rn-cu ; vein 2nd A arcuated, connected with 1st A
only near the base of the large prearcular cell.
Male hypopygium (fig. 15) with the ninth tergite (tg)broadly transverse, the caudal margin with a deep U-shaped
median notch, the lateral lobes thus formed broadly truncate.
Basistyles (b) relatively small, the dorsal lateral angle produced caudad into a elavate fleshy lobe, the surface
setiferous, the setm large and conspicuous at apex, the longest
equalling the lobe itself. Ventro-mesal lobe of basistyleslightly produced. Dististyles borne at base of dorsal fleshy
lobe (d), two in number but closely united by membrane atbase ; outer arm a blackened curved spine, bearing a smaller

n e w or l i t t l e - k n o w n Tipulidm.

191

appressed spitm just beyoud mid-length on tim inner or concave face ; inner arm subequal in ]engt| b paler brown, thebasal half expanded and beariug a group of spinous set,e,the apex a flattened, gently curved rod, the tip obtuse, thesurface with abundant microscopic punctures. Gonapophyses (fig. 16, g) very powerfully developed, arising close to
the basistyle, thence bent mesad, the tips hanging pendant~J ,R,~4+S

Fig. II~

M,

iz

Fig. !~

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Male gonitati,%wing'-venation,~mdother structural details of
Tonno6"omyia, gem nov.
Explan~tiou of symbols:--Hypopygial, a=~edea.gus; b=basistyle;d=distisgyle ; .q=gonapophysis; t = tergite. Fenational. O~=Cubitus
1st A=lst Anal ; M=~Iedia ; R=Radius ; Sc=Subcosta.
Fig. ll.--Wit~g.
Fig. ]2.--AntennM flagellum, ~.
Fig. 13.--Antennal flagelhm, d.
Fig. ]4.--Claw, ~.
Fig. 15.--Hypopygium, c~.
Fig. ]6.--Gonapophysis ~nd 0edeagus,detached.
as powerful blades, near mid-length expanded, the lateral
margin with an extensive group of spines, the apex produced
into a long acute poiut. In a position of rest these spines
are direeted ventrad and eephalad. Ovipositor with thetergal valves long, slender, the bases straight, tlle tips
suddenly upeurved, acute.

192

On new or little-known Tipulil~e.

Genotype, Tonnoiromyia tasmaniensis, sp. n. (Australian
Subregion).
The new genus Tonnoiromyia is named in honour of myfriend and colleague, Dr. Andr~ L. Tonnoir, whose labours
in Australia and New Zealand have added vastly to ourknowledge of the Diptera of Australasia. I would place
this annectant form in the tribe Limoniini, probably as aseparate subtribe, the Tonnoiromyaria, pointing toward the
Hexatomini. The elongate antennm of the .male is analmost unknown feature in the Limoniini, but the otherfeatures point strongly toward this tribe. The structure of
the male hypopygium, especially the gonapophyses, is very
remarkable. In some respects the genus suggests .4mphilimnobia, Alexander (Ethiopian Region), but is not closely
allied.

Tonnoiromyia tasmaniensis, sp. m
General coloration shiny black, the thoracic pleurapruinose; subterminal tarsal segments eream-eoloured;wings with a dusky tinge, the stigma oval~ dark brown.
Male.--Length 6-6"5 mm. ; wing 7"8 ram. ; antenna
5 mm.

Female.--Length 6'5-7 ram. ; wing 7"5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antenu~e black throughout;flagellar segments of male with a dense erect microscopic
black pubescence and slightly longer black vertieils, thelongest about one-fourth the length of the segment. Headgrey, the centre of the vertex extensively blacke,ed. Eyesof male widely separatedj protuberant, with small ommatidia.
Pronotum black. Mesonotum shiny black, only sparsely
pruinose, the seutellum a little more so. 19r~eseutal setm
lacking.
Pleura with a conspicuous microscopic grey
pruinosity on the ventral pleurites and the anterior half ofthe pleurotergite, this pruinose area further interspersed withsmall appressed yellow setm. Halteres with the base andknobs dark brown, the central portion of stem paler. Legs
with the eoxm light brown, the fore eox~e darker ; troehantersdark; femora and tibi~ black, the bases of former
restrictedly paler ; apices of basitarsi and tarsal segments
2 and 3 pale brownish yellow, with pale setae, giving a
creamy hue to the tarsi; terminal two tarsal segments
brownish black. Wings with a strong dusky tinge ; stigmaoval, conspicuously dark brown; veins black with small
maerotriehiae. Venation (fig. 11): as described under the
genus ; in some eases R~+s is weakly spurred near origin ;On Ma~nnmls obtained betwee~ J*~juy a~d Bolivia.

193

r is angularly bent near mid-length and may be a composite
vein, the cephalic portion being true r, the caudal portion
the base of R~ with the distal section entirely atrophied ;vein M~ is more nearly in alignment with Ms+4 than is/]44.
Abdomen brownish black, the median region of thesternites paler. Male hypopygium as described under
the generic diagnosis. ()vipositor with the basal shield andbases of sternal valves black, the remainder of the valves
horn-coloured.
Hub. Tasmania.
Holotype, c~, Eag]chawk Neck, Tasman Peninsula,
November 23, 1922 (.,4. Tonnoir).
Allolype, ~, Burnie, October 27, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Paratopotype~ c~ ; paratypes, 1 ~ , 1 ~, ~.ith the allotype,
October 25-27, 1922 ; 2 ~ ? , Wilmot, January 8, 1923(-4. Tonnoir) ; 1 ~', National Park, December 15, 1922(.4. Tonnoir).

X X . - - T h e Spedan Lewis South American Ewploration.-IV. List of MammMs obta(ned by St. Budin on the
Boundary between dujuy and .Bolivia. By OLDFIELDTHOMAS. F.R.S.
S~fioR BUDI•'S next collecting-trip was to the highlandcountry just on the northern edge of Jujuy~ and across tile
bom~dary in Southern Bollvin, where he obtaizled about 120
ex~mlples, belonging to 15 species. Owing~ however, to thisbei,g in the near neighbourhood of localities where he had
previously collected, the species are in all eases referable toanimals already knows, thus showing how complete his work
has been.
Quite a large proportion of the species now recorded wereobtained in Sr. Budin's first collection of all--that at
Maimara, sear Humahuaca, Jujuy~--of which I gave an
account in 1.913, while others were found by him during hislater Jujuy explorations. Oar knowledge of the dujuy
mammalian faunais, in fact, almost wholly due to him. The
present list shows how the same fauna extends northwards,
and is of value as helping to map the exact ranges of thevarious species.
The localities now referred to are, in Northern Jujuy~
Santa Catalina, 4500 m.~ about 22 ° S., 66 ° W., and, inSouthern Bolivia, Lipez~ 4b00 m., about 60 kin. ~o the west