Industry Waste Water
Management In Lao PDR

By Pollution Control Department MONRE
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Content• Background• Legislation wastewater control;• National environmental standards• Current situation of industry waste water and technology existingin Lao PDR• Challenges in the management

2Background• The Lao government economic development policy is to industrialize and modernize
the country with promote several kinds of industries that would help to achieve theobjectives of the country’s industrialization and modernization strategies as• To develop small and medium enterprises (SME);• To promote and develop import substitution production of selected goods to reduce overdependence onimport goods; and• To promote and develop export-oriented industry, focusing on high value-added products;• Lao PDR developed the Special and Specific Economic Zones (SEZ) for Developers andinvestors can invest in all sectors in the SEZ. Government of Lao PDR promotion theIndustry sector in SEZ. Currently, the number of industrial factories are 10, 413
factories :1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Food and beverage 14;
Tabacco 7;
Textile and garments 281;
Cement factory 9;
Construction mate rials 502;Car and motorcycle assemble 25;
Plastics 10; and Others 9565 not included the household business
Source: Development of industry and handicraft development strategy, 2013.

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Legislation wastewater control
Legislation involve:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

National Environmental Standard, 2017;
Industry Processing Law, 2013;
Environment Protection Law, 2012;
Environment Impact Assessment Decree; 2010 and EIA instruction 2014;
Waste from Industry Processing Management Regulation 2012; andIndustry Wastewater Discharge Regulation 2005.

Monitoring system• For water quality inspection and monitoring:• PCD is compliance inspection with the end of the pipe;• ESIA is regular monitoring of project development;• NREI is researches and Lab service;• WRD is regular monitoring of surface and ground water quality monitoring in wholecountry.
4National environment standards (Standards for Water Pollution Control from General Industries)
Parameters

Symbols

potential of Hydrogen

pH

Total Dissolved Solid

TDS

Total Suspended Solid
Temperature
Color and Odor
Hydrogen Sulfide
CyanideFat, Oil and Grease
Formaldehyde
PhenolChlorineTSSt
H2S

Pesticide
Biological Oxygen Demand 5Days
Total Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen DemandZinc
Chromium Hexavalent
Chromium Trivalent
CopperCadmium
BariumLead
NickelManganese
Arsenic
Selenium
MercuryStandards values thatallows
6-8.5≤2,500

Unit
mg/L

≤50
≤40
None
≤1.0
≤0.2
≤5.0
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤1.0
None
≤30

mg/L
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

TKN
COD

≤ 100
≤120

Zn
Cr+6Cr+3Cu
CdBa
Pb
Ni
Mn
As
Se
Hg

≤5.0
≤0.25
≤0.75
≤2.0
≤0.03
≤1.0
≤0.2
≤1.0
≤5.0
≤0.25
≤0.02
≤0.005mg/L
mg/L
Heavy metals
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

CNFOG
CH2O
C6H5OHClBOD5mg/L

Analysis methodology
pH MeterDry evaporation at temperature103-105 °C, 1 hour
Glass Fiber Filter Disc
Temperature MeterGeneralTitration
Distillation and Pyridine Barbituric Acid
Solvent Extraction by Weight
Spectrophotometry
Distillation and Aminoantipyrine Method 4
Lodometric Method
GC
Azide Modification at 20 °C, 5 days
Kjeldahl
Potassium Dichromate Digestion ; Open Reflux or Closed Reflux

AA/AES; ICP

AA/AES; ICPAA-Hydride Generation or ICP
AA - Cold Vapour Techique5Current situation industry wastewater and technologies• Many factories in Lao PDR their industrial waste water directdischarged in to the pond , however, such pond does not to have
sheeting to prevent infiltration of untreated water to the ground;• The small factories in Lao PDR have ponds for their industrial effluent
disposal;• The larger scale of industries their have waste water treatment plant( Anaerobic+ Aerobic) such as Beer Lao company, Cocacola company ,mining sector and other industries.
For example picture in the next6

Ponds in many factories of Vientiane Capital Pain factory7

Lao’s Metal Resources Co,.LTD8

Waste Water Treatment Plant in Beer Lao Company

9Cocacola Company

10Challenges for Industry Wastewater Management
1. Policy and legislation:• Lack of Monitoring and Enforcement;• Lack of specific Law and Regulation to control of waster pollution control; and• Lack of criminal laws for pollution control.

2. Institutional Framework:• The absence of power leads to serious lack of compliance and major pollution issues;• Lack of technical skills and inadequate resources to support monitoring and enforcement;• Lack of cooperation and coordination of pollution control among the Center , Local
government and agencies concern.

3. Financial support• Lack of financial collection charges of pollutants released into the environment is still notable to perform as no specific legislation in force; and• National government’s annual budget is not sufficient.

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