MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM
ADMINISTRATION OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT AND
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN VIETNAM

Yangon, 2017
Administration of technical infrastructure
Ministry of Construction

CONTENTS
I. Challenges and Difficulties
II. Solutions
III. Cooperation proposals in future

CHALLENGES, DIFFICULTIES
1. The capital:- With the rapid speed of urbanization at present, it is needed about 800 million to2 billion US dollars yearly to invest in the construction of wastewater treatment
system in Vietnam (Source: ADB).
- However, the investment capital for construction and rehabilitation of rain waterdrainage systems, wastewater connection & collection and WWTPs are mostly fromthe State budget and ODA capital, have not yet been met real demand.
2. Climate change and current technical infrastructure affects urban
drainage and flooding- Peak rainfall intensity (100 mm rainfall per 60 minutes)- Small sewer; hollow terrain; upstream flood.
- Drainage system is inadequate, embankment and tide control systems have notyet sufficiently invested.
- Relevant technical infrastructure system has not been fully and synchronouslyinvested.
- Design parameters of rainfall data have not been adjusted timely based on
climate change scenarios and available update data.

CHALLENGES, DIFFICULTIES
3. Management organization of drainage system- Organizational and operational structure of the drainage systems is notunited in localities: having 10 drainage enterprises, 20 water supply anddrainage enterprises, others include uban environment ones in the forms:
typically, drainage companies, water supply and drainage companies, urban
project companies, urban environmental companies,etc. They are authorized
to manage assets, as investor of projects of drainage and urban environmental
sanitation, are directly allocated or tendered for management and operation ofdrainage and wastewater facilities.
4. Human resource training- There are many training centers for management and operation of watersupply systems in Vietnam, but so far, regarding to wastewater sector, there
are almost no training institutions that have enough quality to systematicallytrain human resources with skill and high technologies in this fieldCHALLENGES, DIFFICULTIES
5. Technology- WWTPs operate less than 50% of designed capacity.
- 59% of WWTPs currently apply activated sludge technology for treatment.
- 84% of WWTPs in design or construction stage also apply the activatedsludge technology.
- Treatment of sludge and odor has not been thoroughly invested.
6. Drainage management and wastewater treatment and in industrialzones.
- Implementation of planning and investment in some industrial zones is
not uniform.
- Monitoring of overcoming consequences of environmental pollution inindustrial zones by Provincial People's Committee is not effective (According tothe Vietnam Environment Administration, 2014)

SOLUTIONS
1. Planning and development plan for drainage system:- Revising the specialized planning of drainage and wastewater treatment inurban center, considering factors related to impacts of climate change on
drainage systems.
- Developing and managing flood hazard maps.
- Identifying the role and location of Detention Basin in the priority ofrainwater drainage and reducing urban flooding.
- Provincial People's Committees issue and direct implementation of local
water drainage regulations.
2. Invest development of drainage systems- Investing the drainage systems and construction projects, developing thesynchronous drainage systems, including construction of a collection andtransfer networks and wastewater treatment plants to ensure that wastewater
treatment plants may operate with their designed capacity.
- Having a plan to develop and issue roadmaps to collect fee for appropriate
wastewater treatment services in order to improve quality of services andenough expense for management and operation of the drainage system inlocality and reduce burden on budget.

SOLUTIONS
3. Mechanisms and policies for drainage:- The priority is given to the allocation of capital sources from the central
budget (including ODA capital) for investment in the development of drainage
systems in large cities and urban in river basins affected by natural disaster(flood, tide, etc.), causing great impacts on the environment and people's life.
- Socialization of investment, construction, management and operation ofdrainage system, gradually change the subsidy mechanism to the form ofbusiness services according to the market mechanism under the control of theState, creating the attractive environment for investors involved in the drainage
sector to develop sustainable drainage system.
- Developing technologies, equipment and materials in drainage sector
following the direction of approaching new technologies with environmentfriendly.
- Developing human resource.
- Enhancing communication and education, international cooperation, andcommunity awareness.

MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF VIETNAM
ADMINISTRATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE

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