Multistage Hybrid
Wetland Systems for
Pig Wastewater
Treatment
WEPA Group Workshop on Pig
Wastewater Management in Asia
Chiang Mai, Thailand

21 February 2017
Hayama Kazuyuki/ K.K. Satisfactory

Introduction
Tusk Co., Ltd., The National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization (NARO) and K.K.
Satisfactory are jointly conducting a feasibility study“Dissemination of hybrid subsurface flow
constructed wetland systems in Vietnam” under“Model Project for Improvement of Water
Environment in Asia” commissioned by Ministry ofthe Environment, Japan.

2Overview3Newly Constructed Wetland before operation4

Wetland in operation after a few years

5Types of constructed wetlands
Free water surface (FWS)
Sedge, cat-tail etc.

Vertical subsurface flow
Aerobic (oxidative)
Reeds, reed canary grass etc.

Horizontal subsurface flow
Anaerobic (reductive)
Reeds, reed canary grass etc.

6Types of constructed wetlands and reed beds

Reed beds

Surfaceflow
Subsurfaceflow

VerticalHybrid
Horizontal

7

Hybrid System/ Vertical and Horizontal subsurface flow

Vertical subsurface flow
Aerobic (oxidative)

Horizontal subsurface flow
Anaerobic (reductive)

Corganic  CO2
Norganic -> NH4+ -> NO3NO3-  N28

Schematic diagram of a multi-stage hybrid wetland system
Floating cover material (Supersol)

Pig
Wastewater

1st V bed
Aerobic

2nd V bed
Aerobic

２

１

3rd H bed
Anaerobic

4th V bed
Aerobic

４

３

PMixingTank

５

gravelgravelP

Safety Bypass

recirculation

PPｎ Sampling and flow measuring point

gravelgravelP

Siphoneffluent

P Pump9

Influent and Effluent

10Effluent11

Safety bypass and floating material to avoid clogging

Floating material (Supersol etc.）

Surface partition
for alternate
dryingDensity 0.4 g cm-3

Reinforced
safetybypass

12

Main design innovation

Bypass structure for safety treatment
Floating cover material on the bed surface
Advantages
Able to increase organic load per area without clogging
Available just after construction while growing reed andearthworm

Minimize the area and cost !
13

Multistage Hybrid
Wetland Systems inJapan14

Subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Japan as of August 2016
10th Mar. 2010 Secondary & nonpoint

20th Aug. 2016 Dairy Biogas liquid

12th May 2011 Dairy G

4th Nov. 2007 Agr. Canal (nonpoint)

6th Aug. 2008 – Nov. 2012
Potato starch P

2nd Nov. 2006 Dairy S
7th 2008 Pig liquid food
9th Nov. 2009 Pig urine
13th June 2011 Dairy E

19th Nov. 2015 Dairy Biogas liquid
17th Dec. 2014 Dairy AF

5th May 2008 Dairy N
1st Nov. 2005 Dairy K
14th Aug. 2011 Cheese R

11th Dec. 2010 Chicken egg

8th 2009 Dairy
18th June 2015 Household

3rd Aug. 2007 Acid mine

16th Jul. 2012 Domestic secondary

15th Jan. 2012 plastic bottle recycle

Low

High15

Multistage Hybrid Wetland Systems at Pig Farm O in Hokkaido
Pig farm OOct. 2009-Hokkaido

Daily Mean Temp. in Hokkaido
Annual : 5 to 7 °C.
Winter months : – 8 to – 6 °C.
Summer months : 18 to 21 °C.

Tokyo

16

Pig Farm O in Hokkaido
Total bed area : 1,472m2
Inflow rate : 12.2 m3/d
Influent: BOD 2,299 mg/L
NH4-N 1,157 mg/l

150 - 180 sows
2,000 - 2,500 pigs

Since 200917

1st summer (July 2010) at Pig farm O2nd summer (July 2011) at Pig Farm O

Schematic diagram at Pig Farm O

Piggeryslurry1st Vr572m2

2nd Vr446m2

Solid – liquid
separation

Lagoonreservoir≈700m3

3rd V
184m2

3Reed

Reed

Pumice L
10-50mm

Pumice M
5- 10mm

Pumice S
1- 5 mm

ALC

Pumice L
10-50mm

Pumice M
5- 10mm
Pumice L

1In50mm～PPrecirculation 2recirculationｎ Sampling point

Siphon

５th V
75m2

Floating cover (Supersol)
Reed

LiquidP

４th H
195m2

PP Pump

54PP
Pout

Pumice M
5- 10mm
Pumice S
1- 5 mm

Reed

Pumice S
1- 5 mm

PPumice M
5- 10mm
Pumice LP
6

P Recirculation pump

Vr: Vertical flow with recirculation, V: Vertical flow, H: Horizontal flow

20Samples taken from Pig Farm OIn
1Item
BOD
CODSS
TN
TP
Coliform

Out
2unit
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
i/L

3

4Pig farm O
Influent Effluent rate %
1859
36
98.1%
6116
362
94.1%
1693
3797.8%
1374
398
71.0%
155.1
14.3
90.8%
30004
102
99.7%

56

21

Cost comparison between activated sludge*
CAPEX

OPEX
US$/year

70,000
Activated sludge

1,000

Hybrid WS

800

600
400

3/4

200

Operating costs

Capital costs 1,000 US$

1,200

60,000

Activated sludge

50,000Hybrid WS

40,00030,00020,000

1/20

10,000
000

2,000

4,000

Pigs

6,0008,000

02,000 4,000 6,000 8,000Pigs*swine wastewater treatment, under the condition that the influent and effluent BOD conc. is thesame.
*From the open database of Livestock Indusrtry’s Environmental Improvement Organization (LEIO),Japan*1US$ = 108JPY
22

Multistage Hybrid
Wetland Systems inVietnam

23

Multistage Hybrid Wetland Systems in Vietnam

Thai Nguyen
Province/
May 2015～

Hai Duong
Province/
May 2013～

24

Phuoc Tien Pig Farm in Thai Nguyen Province
Total bed area : 1,868m2
Inflow rate : 180 m3/d

4,000 pigs/year

Since 201525Layout of MSHWS at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm

1st Bed (V)

2nd Bed (V)26

Influent and Effluent sampled at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm/TSSQCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT
A: wastewater as being discharged into water resources used for the purpose of domestic water supply
B:wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply

27

Influent and Effluent sampled at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm/BOD5

QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT
A: wastewater as being discharged into water resources used for the purpose of domestic water supply
B:wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply

28

Influent and Effluent sampled at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm/COD

QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT
A: wastewater as being discharged into water resources used for the purpose of domestic water supply
B:wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply

29

Influent and Effluent sampled at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm/T-N

QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT
A: wastewater as being discharged into water resources used for the purpose of domestic water supply
B:wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply

30

Influent and Effluent sampled at Phuoc Tien Pig Farm/Coliforms

QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT
A: wastewater as being discharged into water resources used for the purpose of domestic water supply
B:wastewater as being discharged into water resources not used for the purpose of domestic water supply

31

Advantages of subsurface flow constructed wetland Inexpensive (esp. in terms ofoperation cost) Labor-saving
 High flexibility in response tochanges in wastewater leveland amount Purification capability with asmaller area than that for thesurface flow type
 All-year-round purificationeven in cold regions duringwinter Fewer pests, mosquitoes,
flies, etc.
32

h_ietsugu@tusk-net.com

Thank you very much!
Contact:
Tusk Co., Ltd./Mr. Ietsugu/ h_ietsugu@tusk-net.com
The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization(NARO) /Mr. Kato/ katokuni@affrc.go.jp

K.K. Satisfactory/Mr. Hayama/ hayama@sfinter.com

33