2011/9/22

Introduction
t oduct o to Wastewateraste ate
Treatment in P.R.China
XIE Yufeng
p ypkuyufeng@163.com
g@Nanjing Institute of Environmental
Sciences, MEP, P.R.China
2011‐9‐22Outline
 Ⅰ. State of Water Pollution in China
 Ⅱ. Development of Wastewater Treatment

in Urban Areas Ⅲ. Non
Non‐point
point Pollution Control in 12thFive‐year in Rural Area1

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Ⅰ. State of Water Pollution in China

1. seven major river systems were underslight pollution

From State of Environment 2010, China

2

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2. Eutrophication in lakes (reservoirs) wasprominent.
Among the 26 key lakes (reservoir) under national
monitoring program: 10 failed to meet Grade Ⅴ standard, taking up 38.5%
 14 under eutrophication, accounting for 53.8%

2. Eutrophication in lakes (reservoirs) wasprominent
The Three Lakes:
The overall water quality of Taihu Lake was worse than Grade V with
pollutants dominated by TN and TP.
Dianchi Lake was the same with Taihu Lake
Lake. (> VV, TN and TP)
Chaohu Lake was up to Grade Ⅴ standard ( TP, TN and petroleum)water quality of rivers
flowing into Chaohu Lakewater quality of rivers
flowing into Taihu Lakewater quality of rivers
flowing into Dianchi Lake3

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3. Water quality of major centralized drinking
water sources in key cities
 113 key cities
 395 centralizeddrinking
di ki watert
sources 245 surface sources 150 groundwater

sources total withdrawal of

21.76 billion ton
 substandard water
stood at 5.18 billion t,
taking up 23.5%

4、Discharge of waste water andmajor pollutants
70

15
14.5

65

14
13.5

55

12.5

131250

million ton

Billion ton

60

11.5114510.540102001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

wastewater

COD4

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Ⅱ. Development of Wastewater
Treatment in Urban Areas

1. Features of WW Discharge in Urban areas
 Huge amount —— ≈ 70% of total discharge
 Centralized Discharge
 Large population affected52011/9/22

2. Rapidly developed of WW Treatment
amount of STP
2832

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500

792
42702000

2005

2010

2. Rapidly developed of WW Treatment
Treatment Capacity (ten thousand t/d)
14000

12500

12000
10000
8000
5725

6000
4000
2000

2158

02000

2005

2010

6

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2. Rapidly developed of WW Treatment

Ratio of WWT（%）
908070605040302010077.4
51.95
34 25
34.25

2000

20052010

2. Rapidly developed of WW Treatment
 Till the end of 2010, more than 90％ cities andmore than 60％ counties have operated sewage
treatment plants.
 In 16 provinces (of 35), every county has one

Sewage Treatment Plant or more.

7

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Ⅲ. Non‐point Pollution Control in
12th Five‐year in Rural Areas

1. Non‐point pollution weighs
 The 1st National Census on Pollution Sources

2007 ～ 2010
Involved570,000 people
 Obtained 1.1billion pieces ofdata8

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1. Non‐point pollution weighs Agricultural and rural pollution has a big impact

on water environment.
 Its COD discharges totaled 13.24 million tons,43.7%
 main source of TN (total nitrogen), which were
measured 2
2.70
70 million tons , 57.2%
57 2% of the total
total.
 main source of TP (total phosphorus), 284,700
tons, 67.4%

2. Environmental Problems in Rural areas
 Heavy pollution
 Poor environmental infrastructure
construction
 Weak basis of environmentalmanagement
 The problems could hang over thesecurity of food and drinking water.

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2. Policy of Promoting Environment
Protection by Award
 National Teleconference on Rural Environmental

Protection (July, 2008)
 Put forward by Li Keqiang, the Vice Premier of theState Council.

2. Policy of Promoting Environment
Protection by Award Set up Central Financial Special Fund of Rural E P.
 Arranged 4 billion yuan from 2008 to 2010, and driven about 8billion regional investment.
 This year(2011), have arranged 4 billion yuan (equal to the past3 years)

money (billion yuan)
65.5

5It benefits
6600+ villages
with morethan 24 million
peasants .

443

2.5

210.5

10
2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

10

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3. National Major S&T Program for Water
Pollution Control and Treatment
 The largest science & technology program 2006~2020, 3 stages.
 MEP lead, together with other 9 Ministries (MoC,MoS&T, NDRC, MoF, MoA, MoWR, MoE, CAS, CAE)
 Arranged 3.2 billion yuan for the 1st stage, of which 0.4

billion was about rural water environ‐protection.
 Rural water pollution control will be emphasized in12th five‐year .

3. National Major S&T Program for Water
Pollution Control and Treatment
 Some achievements:

Anaerobic＋Anaerobic＋ConsCons--wetland

Anaerobic＋
Anaerobic＋multi
multi--Soil

Anaerobic＋Anaerobic＋Solar+wetland

Several technologies for treating household sewage

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3. National Major S&T Program for Water
Pollution Control and Treatment
 Some achievements:

Several technologies for reducing the pollutantsin the river

4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year National Working Conference on Rural

Environmental Protection (Mar, 2011)
Bringforward thetask on rural
environ‐environprotection of
12th five‐year122011/9/22

4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year
1
2
3
4
5

4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year 1 plan The 12th Five‐year Plan of National Rural

Environmental Protection13

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4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year 2 laws
 Pollution Prevention Regulations for

Livestock and Poultry Breeding Soil Environment p
protection law

4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year3

to the countryside

 Environmental Law Enforcement
 Environmental Monitoring Environmental Publicity & Education14

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4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year 4 ‐wheel promotion
 Promotion by award (Central fund) Promotion by founding (eco‐village) Promotion by reducing (pollutants discharge)
 Promotion by assessing (government performance)

4. Thinking and tasks in 12th Five‐year 5 key aspects
 Protecting Rural Drinking Water Source Domestic Sewage Treatment
 Domestic Refuse Disposal
 Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution Control
 Soil Environmental Protection15

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