23rd January, 2019
WEPA Workshop in Bandung

Institutional Approach to Spreading
Appropriate Decentralized Domestic
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Center for Material Cycles and Waste
Management Research,
National Institute for Environmental Studies

Dr. Yoshitaka Ebie

Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 6.3
Halving the proportion ofuntreated wastewater by2030
MDGs
Sanitary issues
Open defecation
Bucket/container
Pit latrine without slab
SharedNo tank/sewer pipe

SDGs
Environmental issues
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment

2

Coverage of centralized seweragetreatment systems

Source: WEPA

Decentralized treatment systems!!

3Decentralized treatment
facilities in Southeast Asia
MDGs

27gBOD
Gray water

13gBODBlack water

Sanitation
condition

SDGs

40gBODBlack & gray water(Domestic wastewater)

Environmental
condition
4

Background
UNIVERSAL ACCESS 2019
Wastewater treatment services
Urban Area: 100%

Rural Area: 100%Off-site system: 15%
On-site system: 85%

On-site system: 100%

• Increase in coverage ratio– More manufacturers• Secure the quality of treatment facilities– Reliable certification systems

5

Decentralized domesticwastewater treatment facilities

Septic tanks

BiofilIPAL

Are they all reliable?
septic tank?

• Regulation• Compliance
6Regulation• Ministry of Environment and Forestry has issued neweffluent standard for domestic wastewater (2016).
• This new and stringent regulation for domestic
wastewater is a major step forward to improve waterenvironment.

Parameters

Unit

pHBOD
COD
TSS
Oil and Grease
Ammonia
Total Coliform
Discharge

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
N/100 mL
L/person/dayOld
Regulation
6-9
100
100
10-NewRegulation
6-930
10030
5103,000
1007

Compliance to the regulation• However, compliance to the regulation may
not be ensured.
Our productis very good!!

How good?

We can achieve
BOD: >10 mg/L
NH4-N: >1 mg/L
E. coli: freeGreat! Butis it true?

Nobody knows...
8

The Stakeholders Meeting inIndonesia
To tackle this urgent problem, we have launched “theStakeholders Meeting on domestic wastewater
treatment” in 2015.
Industry-AcademiaGovernment Collaboration

Central gov.

Manufacturers
Univ.
Local gov.

9

Summary of discussion• We need more manufacturers todistribute domestic wastewater
facilities in all Indonesia.
• However, it’s easy to make a profit
if they produce poor performance
and/or weak tanks.
To eliminate low quality treatment facilities from the market

Performance testing method and Reliablecertification system are required!!

10

Major standards in the world
European Standard (EN)EN12566-3: Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PE

The United States
NSF/ANSI Standard 40: Residential Wastewater Treatment Systems
Australia
AS/NZS 1546 Part 3: Aerated wastewater treatment systems
JapanPerformance testing method for Johkasou

11Testing methods

P

Testingproduct

Domesticwastewater
1. Feed wastewater

Simple! But...

Sampler
2. Take a sample

12

Major standardized testing method is
not necessarily suitable for Indonesia.
Climate28.7˚CJakarta
4030

Sep‐2015

May‐2015

Jan‐2015

Sep‐2014

Jan‐2014

May‐2014

Low

Sep‐2013

High0May‐2013

Ave

10Jan‐201320

Diurnal inflow
pattern300

Influent volume (L)Temperature (˚C)

LifestyleSocialstructure

Wastewater quality
and quantity

250
200
150
100
50
04 11125 6 7
4 5 6 78 39 101112
1 2[ 93 101 8
2 93 101112
4 5 6 17 28 39 101112
1 2
4 5 6 78]ampm Timeam

Time13Field investigation

Wastewater volume was measured every hour.
14Development of the Performance Testing
Method in Indonesia

1st SHM

2nd SHM

3rd SHM

4th SHM

Precursor of SNI (NationalStandard of Indonesia)
5th SHM

Drafted based on the industryacademia-government
collaboration
15

Indonesian performance testing method
Treatment performance (removalefficiencies)
••
•
•
•
•
•

pH
BOD
CODTSS
Lemak dan Minyak
NH4-N
Total Coliform• MBAS (Deterjen)• Total nitrogen• Total phosphorus<Example>
BOD removal ratio: 80%
NH4-N removal ratio: 93%
etc16Feasibility of the testing method

PInfluent

From thepump station

15%
10%
5%0%

T

3 5 7 9 11131517192123 1Time

Pump station in Bandung

PTRaw wastewater tank(3-5 m3)• Ambient and water temperature• Water quality

Test productCollect all effluent• Total water volume
in a day• Average water
quality in a day

17

Trial of the testing method
Objectives• To confirm availability of the equipment
for the test
• To confirm feasibility of the testingprocedure• To sort out the problem
Improve and revise the testing method!!
18

Standardization of the testing method
SNI is the only standard nationally applicable in Indonesia.
The SNI standard is first drafted by the technical committee anddefined by the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN).
• Draft of the testing method (March 2017)• Proposal of the new SNI (November 2017)

Decision
Publication
Technical
Meeting

Consensus
Meeting

Hearing
Finalization
Voting19

Final goals• All the products in the market must have acertificate to improve water environment inIndonesia.
The certificate is based on the resultof performance test
 Treatment efficiency (Water quality) Robustness of the tank Material, design, Standard Operating
Procedure, workshop, etc.
20

When

Timing to take a test andto get certificate
Same design andmanufacturing processfrom the time of test.

Developmentof newproductTake atreatment
performance
test

Get
certificationof productsby type test

Manufacture
the productSell productsin the market

Before start manufacturing
product series

21

How

to use the certificate?

Building permission processes
Localgovernments

Application
Permission

Contractors/
manufacturers*Require the certificateof the product*Submit application withthe certificate of theproductto confirm appropriatenessto prove appropriatenessCompliance to the regulation would be sure!!
22

Step-wise implementation• At the beginning, enact the certification system
only for some area/buildings.
– Central government• shows first targets of this certification system
like “Sensitive area/tourist site, large building”– Local government• defines where is “Sensitive area/tourist site ”• defines size of the “large building”.

free vectors

Dario1crisafulli

free vector graphics

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Establishment of standardized performance testing
method for decentralized wastewater treatment facility
in Asian region and network building of its experts
Progress ofstandardization
 Capacity building of atesting body Qualification system forengineer• International WS (MOE)• WEPA (MOE)

Cambodia
VietnamThailand
Malaysia

Indonesia
Indonesian
test

Stakeholder’s meeting Raising awareness Drafting a testing method
 Considering strategies

Regionalstandard

Testing
methods
in Asiancountries

Propose testing standard
in ASEAN countries

Characteristics of
biological wastewater
treatment in eachcountry

Nation to region

Conclusions• Stringent effluent standard like Indonesia is amajor step forward to improve water
environment.
• We have drafted Indonesian performance
testing method to evaluate domestic
wastewater treatment facilities.
• We are conducting establishment of reliablecertification system for dissemination of
appropriate domestic wastewater treatment.
• These institutional approach would be helpful topromote appropriate domestic wastewater
facilities in Asia.
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