Perspectives on
Flight Operational
Efficiency and theEnvironment

Presented by:Nate Purdy
Senior FAA Representative,
Pacific Rim
U.S. Embassy, Tokyo

Date:

November 29, 2017Federal Aviation
Administration

Vision and Principles
Vision:Environmental protection thatallows sustained aviation growth
Guiding Principles:
1. Limit and reduce future aviation
environmental impacts to levels
that protect public health andwelfare.
2. Ensure energy availability andsustainability.
Want increased mobility with reduced environmental
impacts and enhanced energy availability and sustainability
Aviation E&E Policy Statement (Federal Register 77-141, 2012): http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/media/
FAA_EE_Policy_Statement.pdf

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FAA Office of Environment & Energy
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY GOALSNOISEReduce thenumber of people
exposed tosignificant noisearound U.S.
airports

AIR QUALITY
Reduce significant
air quality impacts
attributable toaviation

CLIMATE

ENERGY

Achieve carbon
neutral growth by
2020 relative to a2005 baseline

Develop anddeploy sustainable
alternative aviation
fuels

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Administration

Large Reduction in Population Exposure andSource Noise, but…
•A factor of 20 decrease in community
noise exposure has beenaccompanied by increased
community concerns• GAO Reports state environmental
issues can cause delay in projects1, 2•

Source:1. http://www.gao.gov/archive/2000/rc00153.pdf
2. http://www.gao.gov/assets/310/309622.pdf

The implementation ofprecision aircraft navigation
over the last few years has
been accompanied byincreased airport community
concerns regarding noise

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Community Noise from Aircraft
Aircraft NoiseAll noise sources contributeto acoustic signature – bothat takeoff and during landing

Engine & Jet Exhaust

Airframe
Undercarriage

Landing Takeoff Cycle

Distances for Takeoff and Approach Noise Analysis

Flyover:Cert.
6,500
ICAO/FAA
Pointm6,500
frombrakesm
from brakes
off off

Approach: 2,000 mfrom threshold
Approach: 2,000 m fromtouchdown

Community Exposure

Sideline:
Sideline:
450450mm fromrunway edge
from runway edge

Community exposure set byaircraft types and operational
tempo over day and nightFederal Aviation
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Addressing the Aircraft Noise Challenge• Understanding Impact of Noise– Noise impacts: annoyance, sleep, health and children’s learning– Improving modeling capabilities• Outreach– Increase public understanding– Community outreach

Aircraft Technology Requires Time to Enter the Fleet• Mitigation– Land use planning– Vehicle operations– Airframe and engine
technology– Aircraft architecture

Source: Hileman et al. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2013.07.003/

Diffusion of first generation jet aircraft into the airline fleet: 15
year diffusion dynamic1 (Data source: ATA Annual Reports
1958–1980)

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Noise Reduction through Technology• Noise improvements have come with fuel efficiency gains• Increased engine bypass ratio
DC-8

Boeing 787• Simplified high lift systems
Boeing 747-400

Images from airliners.net

Boeing 747-8

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Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions & Noise (CLEEN)•••

FAA led public-private partnership with 50-50 costshare from industry
Reducing fuel burn, emissions and noise via aircraft
and engine technologies and alternative jet fuels
Conducting ground and/or flight test demonstrations toaccelerate maturation of certifiable aircraft and engine
technologies
CLEEN ICLEEN IITime Frame

2010-20152016-2020

FAA Budget~$125M~$100M

Noise Reduction
Goal

32 dB cumulative
noise reduction

32 dB cumulative
noise reduction

NOX Emissions
Reduction Goal

60% landing/takeoff NOX emissions

75% landing/take-off
NOX emissions

Fuel Burn Goal

33% reduction

40% reduction

Entry into Service

20182026

For more information: http://www.faa.gov/go/cleen

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Efficiency through Precision Navigation• Precision navigationdelivering considerable
benefits (e.g., fuel burn,workload, efficiency),
but it is also concentrating
noise• Precision navigation isideal when you can utilize
compatible land use(water or industrial
Image Source: Massport
corridors), but few airports
have this• Need to consider opportunities for noise reduction
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Modeling Noise

AEDT

Aviation Environmental
Design Tool (AEDT)•Computes noise, fuel burnand emissions• Required for all regulatory
actions

Replaces NIRS, EDMS,SAGE, INM and MAGENTA

Applications• Computes noise, fuel burn, emissions, and air quality• Replaces NIRS, EDMS, SAGE, INM and MAGENTA• Airport, Regional, National, and Global level analyses

For more information on AEDT or to download it, please visit: https://aedt.faa.gov/

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Modeling Interdependencies

Noise-­‐
Sensitive	  Area	  Longer	  ﬂight	  path	  means	  more	  fuel	  consumption	  and	  emissions	  Further	  away	  means	  lower	  noise	  Federal Aviation
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Asia Pacific Initiative to Reduce Emissions• ASPIRE is a partnership of air navigation service providers
focused on environmental stewardship in the region.
• The ASPIRE Partnership is a comprehensive approach toenvironmental stewardship for a region where significant
disparities exist in the level of available service provision.
• Under ASPIRE, current and future partners pledge to adopt
and promote best practices that have demonstrated andproven success in the reduction of greenhouse gasses, aswell as to the development of work programs to promote
future gains for the environment
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Current ASPIRE-Daily City Pairs•www.aspire-green.com•*Not yet depicted on map 	

1. Auckland – San Francisco

17.

Bangkok – Sydney

2. Los Angeles – Singapore

18.

San Francisco – Auckland

3. Los Angeles – Melbourne

19.

Auckland – Los Angeles

4. Sydney – San Francisco

20.

Los Angeles – Auckland

5. Singapore – Melbourne

21.

Bangkok – Melbourne

6. Melbourne – Singapore

22.

Singapore – Brisbane

7. Singapore – Sydney

23.

Brisbane – Singapore

8. Sydney – Singapore

24.

Auckland – Honolulu*

9. Melbourne – Los Angeles

25.

Honolulu – Auckland*

10. Sydney – Los Angeles

26.

Wellington – Canberra*

11. Auckland – Singapore

27.

Canberra – Wellington*

12. Christchurch – Singapore

28.

Canberra – Singapore*

13. Singapore – Auckland

29.

Singapore – Canberra*

14. Singapore – Christchurch

30.

Honolulu – Brisbane*

15. Tokyo (HND) – San Francisco 31.

Brisbane – Honolulu*

16. San Francisco – Kansai (KIX)* 32.

Las Angeles – Narita*

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ASPIRE Successes

ASPIRE Challenges••••• Difficult to Quantify• Requires Crew Report• Lack of Data

New City Pairs Added
Industry Support
ANSP Engagement
Demonstration Flights

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Administration

Future of ASPIRE• Engaging additional Air Navigation Service Providers▫ The ASPIRE Environmental Stewardship Award (possiblyin association with CANSO) to recognize achievement byAsia/Pacific ANSPs for ATS environmental initiatives▫ Validate ASPIRE-Daily city pairs from non-partner ANSPs• Communications Program to update the ASPIRE brandrecognition▫ ASPIRE presence at regional events such as DGCA orthe CANSO conference (plus other key sustainableaviation events)▫ Seek input from Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) or
other industry lobby groups
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Closing Observations
••
•••

•

Despite considerable reductions, noise
remains a constraint on aviation growth
Utilizing a comprehensive approach toaddress aircraft noise challenge
Research program is being executed tobetter understand noise impacts
Advancing our modeling tools to improve ourability to model aircraft noise
Examining potential means to reduce noisefrom the current fleet through operational
procedure concepts
Technology advancements are needed toachieve aircraft noise reduction

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FAA Contact Information
Nate Purdy: Senior FAA
Representative, Pacific Rim, U.S.
Embassy, Tokyo
Nate.Purdy@faa.gov

Larry Arima: Civil Aviation
Specialist, U.S. Embassy, Tokyo
Larry.Arima@faa.gov

Yukari Suto: Administrative
Assistant, U.S. Embassy, Tokyo
Yukari.Suto@faa.gov

FAA Team Tokyo

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