_

trt

26?

RECORDSof theII{DIAN /VTUSEUM(

vol; xxlx, Partrll, pp. 16l-214,

rheo":itil,Imlft 'ection;Jl;:"rPart I.

By

C. P. ATEKANDER,

clrcuTrl:
SEPTEMBER,
1927.
a

THE ORIENTALTIPULIDAEIN THE COI.I.ECTIONOF THE
INDIAN MUSEUM.
PART I.
By cu*r,ns P. Ar,nxeuonn,amherst,Massaehrrcer,ts,(1. s.
(conlribution trorn tln DegnrtmentoJEntnmology,a,trtaceachusetk
agricatlural, ooyege.I(PlateXIII.)

unanessof Dt.-p. phopra,Assisranr
superintendenr^, ..TTglg^,h-!!e{.
ofr
havebu.op'i"il.g.d--iol""-iou
9*y:v .India,:jj-t:^f::logicaltap! and valuable
seriesof crane-flies(namily flp"fia".. Order
IgY
rtrptera)from yulo* p"tlu.of
rndia, Japan ;e;rh;
statesand' countriesof Eastein Asia. Eritish
rn the pt;;ipart, r have describedcertain of the novelties containedi" tni* ,."i.r'"od'[";;
addi_$;
tional notes on certain of the more uncommonof the previously
d.escribedforms. A{ tyrr and uniquesfrom tnis seriu,n"r6
u*.n ,*o*ua
tg-Dr. chopra and win be.placedin the r"air" iruseum.
f h";; hken
this oppo*-unity of descriii"s two ad.ditionaloriental
Tipulidae thatwete preservedio^--y own collection. I wish t" "*pr.*'-ydr.p;r;gratitude to Dr. Chopra,agd to the other collectors-of
this"material,
for their kind int-erestlnmakingknown the vast,Tipulid ia"""oinritirn
rndia. rt must be realizedthal oor koo*llaju of ti.t. nirq;#
exactggographicaland. seasonal_range,their ecoTogicalrelation,loa Uf.histories,and their inter-reletio"nships,#;rcely been touched,inso far as the fndian fauna is concernid,l*despiteiuu .1.r1a.tr1.J co[ec-membersof the slaff Jr irr. zoorogscar
surveyoflt-"tr"rndra :1d:rly--theend the voluminousreportson

the sameby the lale Mr.-Brunetti.
To obtain thiswill yquile tihebest efiorts oi -"oy{etai1ed,\Towiedge
gencrationsof -:"theprgsent
series'ofpapersmust be con^sidered19
asa humblecontributionto this ieiy involved uoll*t.
\ing:tly
Pract'it"uy all of the recent work on the fipurud"; "fHili'.h
rndia
,has
beendoneby- Brunetti, in a seriesof reports-that upp."r.d but*.uo

lell and tel8. Brunettit workyF ;*"Tprirn.a de;; ; h"ndicapof lackof literature and authenticallynam"J'-"t"tial from otn., partsof the Holarctic and oriental Regioor, "od thi, ,urious deficiencr
probably accountsin large .."rorJ f::'ry"r-ottn. ,rrorruoo, genericassignmentsthat have6eunrliscussed.
Uy.n..gr"tn,ii*"rlrlltl

writer and other studentsof the gtg"p, in virious papersthat f.*uot
neednot
be listed here. It may be affirdea iuat "o t"riioig;"rk ;;fris vastfauna can be done wiihout a knowledgeoi tn* putrearctic
and other*-eportionsof the Oriental Regions.
.
PnnoccuprnDNauns.
certain of the_:rames
usedby Brunetti in the-"i;ll-;;qd;#
Tipuridaeare primaryhomonymsof earlier nomes,aod by the r"r.,,odo
l 1 6 7 l

f68

Recorilsol the Inilian M,uswm.

I Vol. XXIX,

must be re-nametl. The writer informed Mr. Brunetti of this fact many
years_a_gobut since he did not deem it advisable to alter these preoccupiednames (Rec. IniI. Mus., XV, p. 274; l9l8), it has become
necessaryto make certain changesat this time.
Certain of these names were cbangetl in an earlier paper (Inseo.
Inscit. Mmst,,Ix, p. 180; 1921)and are listed here only fof completeness:Iti,m,oniugaroens,isAlex., for L. longiptmndsBrun., preoccupied.
L. brunettii Llex., !o, L. nigra Brun., preoccupied. Edwards believes this to be identical with L. bidentatoSkuse, which isthus the earliestname.
EriopterabengalmsisAlex., fot E. fl*ro Brun., preoccupied.
Brunettilaterstated t'hat flaaa 'w&sa srnonym of his E. lmlterate. If this is true, the latter name will be used but thewriter is _by no means convinced.of this identity, which canbe settled only by a detailed comparisonof the types.
Limnophil'a (Di,cranophragnry)Alex., for L. gtuhhri_aentrctipenmtc
pmnts Brun., preoccupied.
perel,egans
Alex., for T, el,egans
Td,pul,a
Brun., preoccupied.
The following namesproposedby Brunetti are likewise excludedas
being primary homonymsof earlier names:Ti,pula immsi, n.n., for T. splnnilmsBrun. (Fauna,p. Bl4; l9l2);
qec T. spl,endens
Doane (Jwrn. N. Y. Ent. So., IX, p. l0? ;1e01).
n.n., for I. rufiamtris Brun. (Rec.Ind,.
Tipuln rufoabilominalis,Mus., XV, p. 268; l9l8) nen T. ruf,wMris M""q, (Di,ptt.eaot.
suppl. l, p. 13; 18a6)
n.rr., for ?. fascieu,lataBrun. (Rec.Ind. Mw.,
Tdpuln subaernali.s,
XV, p. 269; tglS) necT.fa"sctailatnRied. (AbhaniLLehreraer.
1913,p. 103; l9l3).
Naturk. Crefeld,,reussfoo,'n.n., for L.,(D.) gracitis
Iim,nophile (Dicranopthragma\
gracil,is
nec
L.
Brun.
Wied. (Aussereu,r.
zwei,fl.Ins., T, p. 28 ;1928),nec,L. graci,lisMeun., (Ann. Sci. Nat., (9) IV, p. eZ6;1906). Edwards considersthat this species is not a true
Dimnophilobut may more possibly be referred to Clod,ura.
TnnurNor,ocy.

(The dates in parenthesesrefer to the Bibliography at tho end oI this discussion.)

The terminology of the various morphological structures of craneflies is similar to that adopted by me in recent pspers, with certain
mofifications in the venation. During the past quarter of a century,
a tremendousad.vancehas beenmadein the study of insect morphology
and our knowledgeof the strict homologiesof parts is much more exact
than wag formerly the case.. In order that the sourcesof the morphological terms adopted.in this paper may be more readily located,
a Bibliography of the papersstudied is appendedto this caption. Taxonomists owe I vast debt to the unselfishlabors of the men eited.

1e2t.l

169

Hearl,anil mouth-parts.
The scleritt^:9."uttlYtingthe head-capsulehavebeendiscussed
fully"
pf Peterson(lg16). The infortunate use of the term " paraslossae
for structuresthat
wirh tr,, i"li"r drpi[u, been?tr 1gl!r homorogous
conectedby Crampton(192-b).
Ihorastc sclerites
andwing_basas.
The cervi.?l.?ld- prgtlroqacicscreritesare discussedin detail bycramptonlL9?5.{b),1926(al t. Thescleritesof the mesonot"- icr"rlpl19]Q)andthepleuralregionsof the thora,xhave beenconsidered!on,in detailby crampronI rgzb_1i,;,
tszo (o) ] and snodgrassirgogj. The
Iast is a notewotthyp"per blud'qhehotoi"tir;of ce"rtainof the parts
have beenchanged-ala-resultof later studles. The report by yfung
specialattention to the lateral r"l"tiiu. "i Jnr
91? qiy,t,reglorurof the thorax and their attachmentto the abdomen. i,osterioi
Venation.
IL is peculiarly unfortunate that Brunetti found the Comstock",'|uggh"p. systemof venation objectionable to him (rauna of British
Ind'ie, oipte? Nematocera,
p. b63; rgtz). His adherance
to the cu*bersomeand antiq""!94 nomenclatureof the schinerianschool,even
as modified and amplified by o_stensacken, verrall and others,has
added vastly to the labors of all future Oipi.rologists in- rl"iri"g tl.
vast fauna of the Indian Empire. I would irrv -"u.h call in question
Brunetti'sstatement.(r.c., ib) that rhe srr,i",i'i"" ;^;oJ#o"tioo-p.
" to"it. oiptera.
hasbeen" almost.universairy
adoptecr
ThecomstockNeedhamsystep is basedon the rttirt no.oiogim of veinsfor all ordersof insectsand hjs b,eenacceptedb.vtl" m"joiity of th;y";Ctaxonomic workersin all orders-where
venatiooi, Lpplicable. The proofof its ahnostuniversaluseis shown-bythu t".t tirit au oLthe ieading
tert-booksthat,h*y appeared-t4tn"_rpl J.*a" h"oe *.rpt.i
tlilquestion(benerat'MoriiiWy:Comsro
ik, tsz+
Slyl"gf by{tho11!
Nchrrider,rrarllirsch, rg25; Imms,rg25';ualbiuiw^y, ts,ir; "od;of'venatio",* r"ilylirrorr.a"by colrto.L
lilly"tl, 19?q):.T'it system(venatian:lglS), hasbeenmaterially..i.""g"d i;r later discoveriesby(1919,
1926)These
discoveries
inv"olve
ihe
Tiltf"t4medialand cubital

rudimenrarvrru".nii'i"gurui"ac"uitr,?n.
irrrr,
f:ldr,oflh,uy**tl.
andru) that was considered

as beinga reducedlst Anal vein
|gs.^rby comstojk-(1918),Alexander(l_.9_19)
and ifacGillivray (tgz3), being
ghownlr-riut_uyd to be the secondbranchor C"uit* d";;.--il'should
be notedthat Wiltistonmuchearlierhad detectrJirtir .rlio "oacorrectly*j1! thecubitalvein. rhe veintharwasn"raf/ ctmstorr::T1?*:1il
andothersas beingcu,and cur, in.longitudinalarignment,"rr.tio"rlis considerrd

Jt;J\yLv T,l.vtt{-1s}elngtherwo",-i, oi tnr'orio
fi-gs.
The
branri.
rrJrJuycomstock
luaPl:.xLII,
andNeedham
ryto;.
to be the distal

sectiol-of cyr!s, uy .tn. iilj*ta modfficatioo, M n(P-1.
xul, figs.l-10). Thewrit6ris
convincedof ih, .or.r.tnessof these
Tillyard modificationsand hasadopredthem in ali "i hi-;;ip*pu*
on,theripulidae. There remains'ani;pil;";considerationof theradial field that has beendiscussed
in a'art"ilua paperby me (rgz7),
still in press. This modificationwas discumuat* ini cyri"arotJliou.
(Alexander,l9r9) and rhe pediciini (Ail;;i.r,'rgrg)
bur had never170

RenordsoJtheInd,idnMusatm,

I Vol. X'IX,

beenappliedthrougho_ut
the family until the study above cited. These
results are mentioned here becausethe changesinvolved have been
adoptedPy +g and it seetrrs
advisableto keeptli presentseriesof papers
irnifonn in this^respeg.t,rn brief, it may de staied that there are two
distinct lines of modification in the Tipulidae, one which has been
evolved from some ancestor not unliie the Architipulinae and has
lead to the recent Tipulinae, Cylindrotominae,and the Limoniine tribes
Lechriini and Limo+i"i (Pl. x[I,In all of thesegroupsthe_4gr.l-6).
crossvein,.
r,ispresentbut
hJs
in a l,ongituitinnlpositioi "oi thos
rydialsimulatesa section of the main longitudinai radial v^ein. The modifications of this field of the wing "r.-brooght about by the atrophy ofthe distal section
tJchriini (pf XIII,.9f.RLp. in_maiy Cylindrito-inae,ng.l) an$J,ipod"i (rt. xul, hg."4). i; th. Tipulinae,ih" disraldf
is persistentbut the distai sectionoi Rr^h", been entirely
i::jigo,Rilotl,bf, .a!ronl1,,*,-loy. generaand species(as the Doliehopezariai.
cylindrotominae,the distaf sectionsof both R, ani R, aie
ll_lh:trshergrving
tlg."ppgarance of a rong backward fus-ionof ieins*ropqieg,
Rt and Rz+s,a condition that is merelyapp?rent,as has beendiscussed------- branch of the rad.ial
9Jr_mern earlier papers (1919). The Ipoiterior
field in the groupsabovecitrd is Rn*r.
The remaininAtrib_esof the Limoniinae (the Ped,iciini,Hexatomini
aud Eriopterini, PL xul,,figs. z-10) ..pr.u"ot-;;-""tir"ly
distinct
branch of the family and have apparentty^di*o*.i u.r" evolved thriugh someancestor,as was
it ;. in an earli& paper
tg_lderitlku(1918). This is well shown by the remarkablecrane-fly, raq'gnina

proteaAlex,(Pl,,xIII,T),-wturut-hr;pt* L."orn of iire ueci6r,.Er,{g.
is shown as fusing backwardfrom the riig*rgo
witn ine- extremeofRt.
Thg.mosr
generalized
pudiciini
gloup
i.[n.
(pl. xlii;fi;r.
lip7-8), where this condition is retiined,_together rvith tle hairy eyes
9j.the Tanyderoidancestor. The braniA frn in ahnost all membersof
this group of tribes has shortenedinto a ti"*rr..re elementthat has
beeninterpreted bl.all students.asbeing the true radial (marginal)
srossvein,r, in the Diptera.. The,impossibilityof suchan int"fr"ti"tioohas beendiscussedin-detail in the fupr. citla-1rszzy. rhe ein4-result
9j tH: tendencyof cephalizationir i rlo.t to tinger fusion back from

Rr?l{ n2(pt.xIIi, ngi.z_ro). rt shoutd
gf,veins
l1'_1ry-Ii'q,"
be notedherethat thetrue radial.crossvein,,, h"Joever beendevelopedin this group of tribes, and that it has ".yu, "ppe"rud in the ord.er
Dip_tera as a tronsaerse
element,as washeretoforecinsidered. rn the hrghi'
tribes and subtribesof this division of tn" iip"uale, the anterior
branch9{ !h. posterior fork of the sector,R4, il ;;;hzed
forrrs held in adichotomous

fork nirh n6.(p1.xm, hg.?) n"i -"".a ..ph"l"a1rt.xrrr,
fig.8) andbecome
moreintimatery"[t"rn.J to-hr*,-r[ii 1ri. ii[, ngr. 9_l0), f-oping a short to longerfusion,iuod.r,ry'h"",b..r,
calledby Te _"tlu g."p.tfreof "ri".n.rr;;;.
if hr*r,, and i, Jt "o__oooccurlencein the pediciini,Hexatominianhnr"i6pturi"i. This cephaladmigrationof vein Rn leavesthe poste.i". ilr""rnof the radial field in
tlis, groupof tribes to consistof^Ru"1"*. fi; furthermodificationsin the group,the loss
fr 1t.9nhyoi the tranwersebasarsection of.R,
in many genere'and thefusi6noutwardt;i;'r"u., evento the *iog-

tezt.)

C. P, Ar,pxennnn: Uientol,Ti,pul,i,ilne.

171

margin, of veins R, and Rn h other groups, have been outlined in the
more detailed paper cited (L927)and need.not !e discussedhere.
As an aid in the correlation of the venationalsystemusedbyzBrunetti
and that adoptedby me,the followingtable of comparisonsis givln :Coup.e,nrsoNo[, rnn VnNATToNAL
Sysrpus or BnuNETrr AND
Ar,nx.nNonn.
Alexonder(Tipulinae, C$indrotominae,
Irchriini, Limoniini).

(Pediciini, Eoxotomini,
Eriopterini).

C
Bc*Bc,.Ba.8rir 1a.B, in Limoniini)Rcfft.a3, with .8, and B,

Bc*Bc,.81-.Bri.B,a,{sf Xz+r+r, witb.E,and.B..

Brunetti.

Vrrxs.
cost*
ouxiliary
lst longitudinol
2nd
,,
3d
,,
4th
,,

6rh
6rh
?rh

,,
,,
,,

pnefurco
humeral cmssvein
eubcostal,,costel,,anterior,,
discsl,,maqginal,,
posterior

,,

frt*s
.A with its brenches
Cu,
lst A

zndA

8s*8g+sc

rt6.t'lf with its branchos.
cut
lsCA

znd,A
&*Br*r*rhhBc,
distal eection.E,

Bcn
lrpkingr-m,nbasol section of .B,

t-mtn
lacking (Tipulini) or basal section of .Br.
tn-cu

,n-cu

Crr,r,s.
costslsubcogtel
lst basel
Znd ,,
let marginol
2nd ,,
lst eubmorginol
2nd ,,
let postorior
2nd ,,
Ard
,,
4th
,,
5th
,,
digcalanal
lst axillory
Znd ,,

cBc
R
M
le| B,

zndn,

n2
ns
85

Mr
znd M2
Ms
Mr
1& M2
Cu
l*t A
znd A

c
n

,9c

M
8r
Rz

xs

&r
n6
M,
znd M2
Mt-M1
Iat M,

Cu
let A
lnd A

(Erfionalinn of aenatianolegnbols: z{:Anal; C:Costa; Cz:Cubitus; ft:humerol
crpswein ; .&f:Med,ir ; r,?:Eedi&l crossveini n,-cu:mediol.cubitcl
crossvelt; B:
oros:voin ; r-za:ra'dial-modiol crossvoin; 8o:Rodbl
Radiue ; r:radid
soctor ; BcSubcoste.)

While discussi'g the Schinerian system of venation, it may not
fall amissat this point to call attention to the fact that Williston's versionof the same difiered in severalimportant respectsfrom Brunetti's, as
given above. Thus, Williston's 5th longitudinal included ag its first

t72

Rewrdsof theInilian Musatm,t Vol,. XXIX,

branchwhat Brunetti calls the last branchof the 4th longitudinal(M t\ ;Williston also included the rudimentary branch of Cubitus (Cur),ignoredby Brunetti, as a branch of his 5th longitldina! gitiog to thisimportant vein a three-branchedcondition. Similarly, Willisto_n's2nd
marginalcell was what Brunetti would call lst submarginal,his submarginalcell being Brunetti's 2nd submarginal.
the highly reduced
hasdiscussed
MacGillivray(1923,both references)anal veins in the axillary region of the *iog. It is unfortunatethat noonehasyet madea detailedstudy of the prearcularveinsin the Tipulidae.
Geninllta.
The funda,mentalpa,peron the Tipulid hypopygium of the maleis bySnodgrass(1904). IIis terminologyis in part slightly incorrect-thepossible
discussionof structures involved is of the greatest
but"
pleurites" byvalue. The homologizingof the structures termed"
as being tFlebaiistyles,and the so-called, api,calaprymdngu_"
Snodgrassis due to Crampton(1923).- The basis_tyl,es_&s ihe ilististyl,esof Sn-odgrassbasal
have bein termed by various authors the pl,eurites,s'i'il,e'pi'ues,
variously
have
been
and other terms ; the ilististyles
segmmtof thecl,asper,of t\e claspers,
clnspers,outeror ilistnt.segmmt
tennedpbu,ralappmilages,
and simil"rly. Since their true morphologicalhomologieshave been
demonstrated,I have adopted the new terms. The structure of thefemalegenitaliahas beenconsideredin detail by Snodgrass(1903).
BrgLrocnAPIrY.
GeneralMorplnl'ogy.
Comstock,J. H., 192+. An Inhoduction to Entomology,pp. 1-1044,
figs.1228.
Grampton,G. C., 1926. The external anatomyof the primitive Tanyderid Dipteran Ma,uochi,lnspentumLoew, preserved in Baltic
Amber. Bull. BrooHynEnt Soc, XXI, pp. 1-14, pls. l-2.
I{andlirsch, Anton. (In Schrtider,Chr.), 1925. Handbuch der Entomologie,III, pp. 1-1201, figs. 1040.
fmms, A.D., 1925. A GeneralText-bookof Entomology,pp. 1-698'
fig.607.
MacGfiliway, A. D., 1923. External Insect-Anatomy,PP. 1-388,
fig. r42.
Tillyaid, R. J., 1926. The Insects of Australia and New Zealand,
pp. l-560, 468figt., 44 pls.
H ead,mtil mouth-parts.
Crampton,G. G, 19U. d phylogeneticstudy-of the larval aud adulthead in Neuroptera,Micoptera, Diptera and Triehoptera. Ann.
figs. 1-14.
Errt. Soe.Amgrina,X, pp. 337-344,
Crampton,G. C., 192I. T[; scleritesof the head,"q4 !!" mouth-partsof certainimmatureand adult insects. Ibid., XIV, pP. 65-110'
pls. 2-8.
Chanipton,G. C., 1923. A phylogeneticcomparisonof the maxillpe
throughouttheorilersofinsects. Jaum, N, Y, En; Soc.,XXXft
pp. 77-f07,' pls. 12-77,

re27.l

C. P. Ar,oxernnn: A'i,mtalIipilidae.

u3

Crampton, G. C., 1925. A phylogeneticstudy of .the labium of holomet'abolousinsects,with particular referenpeto the Diptera. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Washington,XXVII, pp. 68-91, pls. 6-8. ,_t
X'rey,R., 1913. Uber die llundteile der i\fyr:etophilidenSciaridenund
Cecidonryiiden. Actn Soc. Fauna. et Flora Fenni,m, XXXYII,
Nr.2, pp. l-50, 4 pls.
X're.y,R., 1921. Studieniiber den Bau desMundesder niederenDiptere
Schizopbora. Ibid., XL\TII, Nr. 3, pp. f-247, 10 pls,
Peterson,Alvah, 1916. The head-capsuleand mouth-parts of Diptera.
Illinoi^sBinl. Mon.,III, pp. 7-111, 25 pls.
Tlnractc sclp,ritesa.nil wi,ng-bases.
Crampton, G. C., 1909. A contribution to the comparative morphologyof the thoracic sclerites of insects. Proc. Acad. Nu,t. 9ci. Philail,e,lphh,,1909,
pp. 3-54, pls. 1-4.
Crampton,G._C.,1914. The ground plan_ofa typical thoracic segment
in winged-G. insects. Zool. Anz., XLW, pp. 5G-.67, fig. I.
Crampton,C., 19i9. A phylogenetic s[udy of the mesothoracic
terga and wing bases in Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera,
Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Psyche,XXVI, pp. 58-64,
pl. 2.
Crampton, G.C., L925(al. A phylogeneticstudy of the thoracic scleritesof the non-Tipuloid NematocerousDiptera. Ann. Ent. Soc.Amnri,ca,
XVII, pp. 49-74, pls. 1-5.
Crampton, G. C., 1925 (b). Evidences of relationship indicated by thethoracic sclerites of certain Eriopterine Tipuloid Diptera. Insec.
Inscir. Menst., XUI, pp. f97-213, pls. 2-3.
Crampton, G. C., 1926(o). A phylogeneticstudy of the thoracic scleritesof the Psychodoid Diptera, with remarks on the inter-relationshipsof the Nematocera. Ent. News, XXXVII, pp. 33-39, 65-70,
pls. 3-4.
Crampton, G. C., 1926 (b). A comparisonof the neck and prothoracic. sclerites throughout the orders of insects from the standpoint ofphylogeny. Tia'ns.Amer. Ent. Soc.,LII, pp. f 99-248, pls.-1G-17.
Snodgrass,R. E., 1909. The thorax of insects and the articulation o[
the wings. Proa. U. ^9. Nat. fuIus., XXXVI, pp. 5l l-595, pls.
40-69.
Young, B. P., 1921. Attachment of the abdomen to the thorax inDiptera. Cornell Unia., Agr. ErpL Sta.Mew.,XLIV, pp. 255-306,
76 figs.
Legs.
Crampton, G. C., 1923. Preliminary note on the terminology applied tothe parts of an insect'sl.g. Ca,n.Ent., LV, pp. 126-132, pl. 3.
Crampton, G. C., and Hasey, W. I{., 1915. The basal scleritesof theleg in insects. Zool.Jurhb.,Annt.undOntog..XXXIX, pp. 1-26.
Grimshaw,P. 4,, 1905. On the terminology of the leg-bristlesof Diptera.
Ent. Mo. trIog., (2) XVI, pp. 173-176.
Vmation,'A
new interpretation of the wing-venationof
Alexander,C. P., f918;
the Pediciine crane-flies(Tipulidae, Diptera). Ent, News, XXIX,

Recorilsof theInilian Musaum.

L74

I Vor. XXIX,

of New York. Part l.-Distri
Alexander,C. P., 1919. The crane-flies
bution and taxonomy of the adult flies. ComellUnia., Agr. Erpt.
Sn. Mem.,XXV, pp. 860-869,fig. 128.
Alexander,C. P., 1927.-The interprelation of the radial fielil of thewing in the NematocerousDiptetL *lt!_ specialreferenceto the. Proc.Li'n'n.Soc.-l[. S. W., LII (in prqs)..
Tipuliclae
Comst6ck,J. H., tgl8. The \4ringsof Insects,pp. l-430, 427 figs.,
10 pls.
.MacGilliway, A. D., 1923. The anal veins in the wings of Diptera.
Ent. News,XXXIV, -Venation
PP.106-111.
of the wings of Tipulidae. 23rd
Needham,J. G., 1908.
Rept. StateEnt. for lg07 ; N. Y. St,Mus.Bull.,CXXIV, pp. 217.
238,figs. 11-'16, Pls.
- ll-32.
Comp-lex.Part 3.-The wingfr. J., lglg. The Panorp_o_id
Tillyard,
venation. Proc. Iinn. Soc. N. S. W., XLIV, pp. 533-718'
figs.35-112, Pls. 31-35.
underGeneralMorphal'ogy(F6r Venatian,consult alsothe references
1924; I\facGilliway,1923; Tillya'rd,1926.)
by Cornstock,
Geni,nlio.
of NewYork. Part l.*DistriAlexander,C. P., 1919. The crane-flies
bution and taxonomy of the adult flies. com,elluniv., agr. Erpt.
Sn. Mem.,XXV, pp.
- 87G-876,figs. 129-f31.
crampton, G. C., l}?3: The genitalia of male Diptera and Mecopterl
c-omparetlwith those of ielated insects,from the standpoint ofphylogeny. Trans.Anter. Ent. Soc.,XLVIII, pp. 207-225,pls.
&-10.
vorwiegendde Meijere,J. C. H., 1919-21. Studieniiber palaearktische,htiflandischeLimnobiiden, insbesondereiiber ihre Kopulations;organe. Tiiilschr. aoor Ent., LXII, P_Pj_g?-g?,Pll. 2_;.10,1919
pls.
&pp.
54-118,
LXIV,
1920;
pls.
2-10,
LXIII, pp. nO-S6,
10, 1921.
R. 8., 1903. The termiual abtlo.i""t segments-of_female
Snodgrass,10-11.
.
fipulidae. Jount,.lf. y. Ent. Soc.,XI, PP. 177---183:-P18.
Snodgiass,R. 8., 1904. The hypopygrumof the_Tipulidae. Irans.
pls. 8-18.
Amer.Ent. Soc.,XXX, pp: 17-9--236,
Phylogeny
Crampton,G. C., l.92a@1. The phylogenyand classificationof insects.
. Jwm. Ent. anil Zool,.,XVf. pp. 3&-47.
Crampton,G. C., 1924(b). Remaikson the phylogenyandintenelationXXXI, pp. 23&:242,frg.I,
Diptera. Psyche,
Jnipsof Nemat'ocerous
Diptera: a
Edwardl, F. W., 1926. The phylogenyof Nematocerous
critical reviewof somerecent suggestions.III. Inter%rf. nilamnl,
II, pp. 111-130.
Kongress.

'a:SubfamilyTIPULIN AD.
Tribe Trpur,lur.

:Britrhura phaedina, sp. noY.
'
Mesonotumdark slate grey with four narrow brownish black stripes,
scqtal lpbeg eec'hwith
the intennediate pair bordered by sl-bg-chreoup;re27.l

C. P. Ar,pxelvonn:Ortmtnl Tip,tidae.

175

two velvety brownishblack spots; femorawith a na,,ow
darl<brown
subterminalring, the extre*,r^tip. ,.aaiJi *ings
browry the caudal
half paler,the surfacevery,n"rr.fu "riug;ua *i$-y.ff9#T"h -i-"rt iog*;-r-ri
stigma brownish black_;at or befoie the forrl "i t;l "lao-r'
largelyfulvous-orange,
thelateral-argins."itrr.i-rgitu. urratn.lln rio"t
segments
darker.
Male.-Length about24 mm. ; wing,lg mm.
Femalp.-LengthaboutBBmm.; rndng,
20_21 rnn.
x'rontal
prolongationof the headdark brown,the nasusrepresented.
qoY !y a small o6tuseprotuberance;p_alpibrownishbrack. intennae
dark brown,thenarro;ty:trJ.J_apically with fulvous.second.iegment;
flagellar segm-ents.
pruinoJe,with conspicuousbasal verticils.
Headlight !t9*o, thlhigl ve-rticaltubercle" i.n linilh.
r"iir, ""a a Iine
extendedcaudadontothe posterior"&.;;;;;;'lroro,th;;;i_--v rsrL colo_ration extendedaroundth6 eye onto the ;;;i*,i[ii"'
Pronotumdark brown. Mesonotarpraescutum_darkslate-greywith
four conspicu-ous
brornrrishblack-striprr,th.;ilelongateintermediatepair borderedby-a paler subochreo^u;Ii";; inJ oo, dividing the two
stripesbeinga trifle the n'ider; intermedi;; ,tlipur.orrro_rved
gradualrybehind, attaining the suture as apoili;
laterarstripesreralurg*
tively shortandnarrow,eachsurroundedttdog ; inlerspaces
with denseerectbJT\ setae; scutnmgrer,fiqil-gTeyeachrobewith two circurar
velvety brownishblack spotethat are"olry ouooyt""a ioairiinctry
nnged with paler
thi posteriorspot-a'uiti"-.ut"u.
the"rarger, ,."i.Ur_gr!r,and postnotum d-ark gre.y,-with.
FIuu., "ni.ny
b1ow1,
vagueryvaiiegated ,*irpi*oo,$rksternopleurite;yirh pri*, Gu.i"uy'oo inu i.riirt.a

dorsop-leurailregion"l,.gr pG' l;';.
Halteres obscureyellow, the knobs infuscated.
;fth t[. .o*"" and trochantersgenerally.dark in-color; femora 5"o*o, -;;lelowish basally, theertremetiq ry''oy{r reddish,preceded_by;Jr{;;i.tii'airtl,-ritil=,iro*odog ; remainderof legsdark b^row'l. wings,.hoog_brown tinge,
especiallyon tle,cep$,lic harf, thl caud?rt "u p"r.r,the membrane
lnapgly variegatedrrith yelow, tle^u!ism"_];'*"i.r, ur"*-,].ucdark brown exceptat
end; .ull s, l"'[- ffi"r*tn,y.il"ri-outer**tings are as follows: the_rargesta semicircular"iu"
ruyo-oh-th;'#g"
in cellsZnil B.1,bas.eof
gr, thencedirected.Br,-ir.ors the b*fiilJot
basadas & n&rrowline inlhebaseof.ceiiA; !i; poio'"ril*ir.irniog
the cord; a smallyellowmark immedili.lt
ilrf*.in" ,tig-" aoiirrg.,
onesbeforeand,bgrond,the.originof";gil"*
spot arong veincu,{r r
in the outer ouarter of cel d; ';fir;;;;T;rween
smail;".gi""I yeilow spotsin ceils
2nd,
Mrt

\n;q;i4u,.!r,,.irr,
theveins: twosimilarspotsin
theouteieni of cell./sl,1,o"u".;; qffi ffi;",;
iuio ;
narrowdarkerbroynleamsalongqW ayab;ild;h-3t'o"",?-d;-,
one-thirdthe rengthof c_e[_
cu, iachendwith
a restrict;dt;il# ron _sion; prearcularregiondark; veinschieflyt;ril;mueh parerthan theground-aolor,the ewoleu'aicularregion_cd".ipi;;sryyelrow. veuation($g. lrl : !-m jusr beforethe fork"ofa";l'"r"rry t;gil.ai"rr'iJiori
tion; basalsection.of c,onspi-cuous,{z ress-than tnu airturutctionwithoutmi".o_trichiae; veinR, sinuate,
tfre i"il- h;ii with n urr"trirrri".
;r76

nxnud"sof theIndion Mtnanm,.IVor,.XXIX,

cell /sf Mu htgh-pentagonal;m shorter than the petiole of cell llft ;just beforethe fork of Mr*ntn-au,'f,n+,

6.
Tuxr-rrc. l.-Brithurd gttmildna,sp. noy.

a wing.t;rTjlll,TrS$f,,lvpop.vgium
Abdominal tergites bright fulvous orange, the sides of tergite one
skhtly infuscated; a narrow lateral line along the tergites and thehypopygrum dark brown; sternites fulvous or&ng€, the .intermediate
segmgptsnarrowly ringed caudally with darker, the teminal sternites
dark brown. Male hypopygium massive. Ninth tergrte (F'ig. lb)
small, the caudal marginlroduciid into a broad flattened lobe that is
profoundly split by a linear incision, the margins of the lateral lobes
thus formed obliquely truncated, glabrous or nearly so. The combined
ninth sternite and basistyle large, bearing the short, blunt dististyles
at apex; sternal region beneath mepbranous. Eighth stendte verylarge and conspicuous, extended caudad as a boat-s[aped structure
beyond the level of the other elenqentsof the hypopygrum, the caudal
margin with d.ensebrushes and tufts of long black setae and small lobules. Ovipositor with the tergal valves very long and slender, thetips obtuse, the margins smooth; sternal valves only about one-halfthe length of the tergal val.ves,straight, the tips subacute.
Hab.-West China ; North-west India.
Holpcypl d,_Shin Ksi Si, Mt. .Omej, Szechuen,China, altitude 4,400
feet (D. C, Graham,),in.the U. S. National Museum
Allntype, $, Simla, West€rn llimalayas, India, altitude 6,0007,000feet, Station l, August-SeptemberL925,at light (8. Clwpral,rs27.l

C. P. Alnxennnn: Orimtat T,i,pttlidae.

177

Paratopotype,Q, with the holotype.
The nearest ally
_ofthis beauiiful crane-fly would seeln to be B.
pulnlwtrinm-(BTo.),-despitethe rather striking difierence*1" tUu structure of the head,male hypop;'giumand venati6n.
Brithura pulcherrima (Brun.).
1912, Tipula, TrulchnrrimaBrun., tr'oantaB_rit.Irdia, Dipt. Nemar.,pp. Bl0-311,
pl. v,.fig..8 (wing), pl. vi, fig. t2 (thoracic a6r",i_y, nj.'fT[.rf" frl,]
popygium).

^ ^ Qne_iliured female, simla, western Himalayas, station l, altitude
6,000-7,000 feet, Aug'st-september tgzl, at lighi (8. chopia)t.
xerutlc.-Length about 86 mm.; wing, zz"mm.; abdornen alone
26 mm.
vertical tubercle scarcely indicated. Nasus virtually lacking, representedonly by a minute tubercle.
- Despite the lack of;the vertical tubriicle, there can be little question
but that tl-"- pt.:gnt speciesperta,insto Brithuro rather than to'Tipuln.
Thg fly exhibits the other esJentialcharactersof the genus: stout iairy
Pody; ,relatively small sternopleurite; shorbpowerfil legs, tne tiuae
Iongerthan the tarsi ; producedregion-of of the urghtn sternif,e-ofthe malehy,popygtum;_ elongate abdomen
female, iittr long ovipositor ofrather unusualform.
The virtual lack'of the nasus is exhibited by B. phn^eninet,
sp. n,,
which is certainly a Bri,tlaura. The retention or iors by "tr"ph; o'r sri
is not a fundamental character of the genus.
Mitopeza longicornis (Brun.).
1918. Ncsopezalnn4ilornis Brun., Bu. Irul. Mua., Xy,

pp. 27g-.27g.

Two femalesfr9- tle type-locality (Above Tura,'s.Garo Hills, Assam,
altitude 3,500-3,900 feet,-July_a1d August rgl7 ;w. Kernp). The
female sex has not been desciibedand ine of the above rpeci-eos is
describedas allotype.
Femaln,.-tu+St! about g.b mm. ; wing, l3-l3.b mm.
A.grgeingwith the description of the irale except in the following
particular+:
Antennae shorter, but still elongate; if bent backward.extending
about'to the root of the__halteres; flalellar segmentselongate-cylindricai
with elongateunilaterally s_11s.ged
ietae thit are a litile longer than
the segments. Halteres pale, t[e knobs dark brown. Legs iith tl.
femora brown to dark biown but scarcely blackened. Wlngs with astrong brownish tinge, s_tilldarker at the wing-tip, along the"cord and&s narrow seamsalong the^outer veins; the white pre-stigmal aud poststigmal'spots- very conspicu_ous.ovipositor with- the ialver "ofituly
fleshy, Iery- blunt, as in the genotfae, M. nitid,irostris Edw. Th;
spermathecalducts are relatively sho* and inconspicuous,not elongate
and tangled as t1r-thugenotype.
Allotype,Q, July f917.
--:-Edwerds(&eo.Irul: Mus., XXVI, p. 804 lg}4l failed to recognize
;
is
this
species
congqreric
withMitoprrn. The following obslrva!lt"ttious on the venationof the speciesmay 6e given:

178

Rnwrdsof theIn:ili,MbMttseum,

I Yor'. XXIX,

sc, ending just beyond the fork or I?s, s-c, nearly atroplied; Rselongaie,a fttte longer_than!r*r_; Rs in alig-nme{ wilh Rr*, andfully"one-halflonger; cell lst M; e!9nggte,qently-widenedoltwardly;
basalsectionof.Ili'rlongerthan zr-; distal sectionof.Mtstrongly-sinuous,
the basal sectionstraight, forming the entire lower face of cell lst Mr,
as statedby Brunetti; m-cuabout one-thirdits length beforethe fork
of.M; veinsMr*,'If[ andM"united for a short distancebeyondthe point
Cu, almostreachesthe -wingof departot. of n; lhe semi-atr-oqhi9d.
; cell 2nn e relatively *iilg. Conspicuous*"rgio, as in *"oy Tipulinae_
ob[ifrative areas'at dhe end of Rs and acrossthe veins constituting
the proximal end of cell ls-tMr.
by Rrunetti
Ot tt " three speciesdescribedin the genusN9'sopemt
an O!gpt?, b"qi(Rec.Inil. Mus., XV, pp.278-279; 1918),al,bilnrsis_isstatedby Edwards.
alrgrdya true Tipyltt,,ry
Lornisa Mitopezn,pi,Ai,oomTls
On the othei hand, the speciesdescribedby Brunetti as Dol'i,cho?e?a'allied to but distinct from
(1.c.,pp. 277-278)iJ a true Nasopeza,
nstal,,i,s
the JapaneseN. geniaulataAlex.
Nesopezaparvicorn is sP.nov.
Generalcoloration yellow, the praescutum\ rith _threeconspicuous
reddishbrown stripes; scutal lobesand postnotal-me$gtgrgitesimilarlycolored; antennautal short ; tarsi not evidently lrightened; vings
btowuiril yellow, thJoval stigma dark brown; Es longerthan Rz+si
malehypoPYgiumincrassated.
Aitn.-n ogtn about 7 mm. ; Fng' 9-mm.
fto"tut prolongation of the head short, shiny brownish yellow;o"toi-.loogat'e, darf brown, the incisuresa little paler. Antennaeshortil;Thir r&, ii bent baokward.not or scarc-eEattaining-th9 wing-root;*""pul segmentslightyellow, the flagellum dark brown, tle first sqgmenta trifle moreoJ[r-U"r]"Uy; fir;t flLgeilar seg-ent elongate-cylinclrical,
in;h;; t*ir. the se"ond;- secondto fifth segmentsgraduallydeoreasing
gmaller;
relatively
numerous',2;; the last abruptly-flagellarvertici\
airl.iu"ted the enf,ire-lengthof the segment,confinedto the outer faceof the segment. Head brownishyellow, the vertex broad.
Mesoiotum yellow, the praeicrfium with three colspicuous dark
reddish brown rttip.r, the froader median strip-egra-ilryllf narrowed;;ht"d" not quite attaining the suture ; scutumyellow,the lobesvirtually;;;;-t.d by i,ooflo"nt bro-wnmarks; scutellumbrownishyellory; postnotal mediotergite dark br-own,.the lat-eral +argry Tlto*.ly- pale'pil";ndple.irotergiteyellow, in*ensiblyvariegate**ft,h palebrown."rt , on thi ventral"potlioo of the anepister]1xq,the sternopleurite,-.ro" and lower half^of the pleurotergite. Haltereg_relatively long;; -1uot r, pale brown. Legs *itn the coxaeand trochantersobscureyellow; femora obscureyell6w, the tips_rather broadly infuscated;iil;; ""a t"tri darker brown, the terminal segmentsof the middletarsi
with the setaemore yellowish but scarcely affecting the general darktenph- and slendernessfor a memberof the;;I"r ; llgt of qOa.tate
t'Wings brow:ni$.iell-ow.subhyaline,
il;il;h"p3r"ti".
-$Sht{ iridesoent,areasattn" """i stigma dark-brown; veins dark brown; obliterativeofr-i "f n, ""'a oo ih. basalsectiouoLMrys, Vepatioq; 8s moderate1927.l

C. P. Ar,Exeronn: OrimtatTipulidne.

1?9length, polg tlan one-|1lf ]ong-erthan Rr*r,. arcuatedi Rz+s about
one-thirdof the lon-gstraight{e ; forksof me$ialcells(F'ig.zo; oimoderate
lengtl;_cellMta little lessthan twice its'petiole; rn-cagtorethan onohalf its Jgngthbeforethe fork of.M ; cell III n elongate,strongly narrowed
outwardly; cell Znil A relatively narrow.

".orollT\?*,1*{-t!#tr[w;fiffiygio..
Abdomen brownish 1e]loy, the basal tergites a little darker medially;subtermilsJ segments blackened.l-hypopyqrum very large, yellowish
brrown. Ninth tergite (rig._2b) with the cau-dalmargin proio""h caudad
into two heavily blackened.plates,_the tips'''"utyacutjly iointed ; viewed
laterally, ttrese-tips_aredirectid caudaa ot
gu"ttytu*;h.
I/ob.-South India.
palni Hi[s, altitude 6,700-7,000
feet,, Hohtyp_e.4 Kodaikanal,
August 1922 (S. W. Remp\.
. Nasypezgpanti'comasis another speciesof the Dolichopezariawhichmiqht be placed in either Doliclwped:r-Nesopeza. x'or tfre time beingat least, I am restricting the name Dolichnpemto those *pu"i.r whichhave Rs short and nearly transversg
ip position. Typical Neso?tem,
represlnts the opposite extreme and thenumerous biiental sD6cies
with Rs of an intermediate length furnish a problem as to their'exact
distribution. The presen! speciesis well-distinguisbeclby the coloration
and. short antennae in the male sex. Bruneiti is in i.ro* in statint(xauna, p. 354 ; 1912) that the obliterative areasare lacking in Dolichopezn.
Tipula styligera, sp. nov.
Maln.-Length about 14 mm. ; wing about ld mm.
_ Thg tlpe of tlls-species_was included in the tnre-series of ?. hima_lnyms'isRrun., which is a closeally.
n'rontal prolongation of_the held ycllow above, with a darker lateral{o.; nasus long a,'d slender; palpi browu Antennae with the basal
thjgr segmentsyellow, the flageUarsegmentsweakly bicolorour, yutto*,
with the basal enlargementweakly darkened; terminal segm.ot, *oru

1927.1

C.P.

181

..."th tgtglt. relatively small, the caudal rnargin u-shaped,the laterallobes of this emarginationproduced caudadI"1o lbnJ, ;;ry ,lender,
chitinized bars that are directedcaudadand lie'lenerily p*uU.f with
oneanother. Betweentheseto{g.,but slightly moreventra'clinposition,-oit*oua.
arise two shorter black, tooth-like spine"s,tieir tip,
-hori"r*,1ra"ie";iyBasistyle.complete,..thesubtiuncate,
the
angre
?pex
produc_ed
i1t9 a small angularpoint.
Hab.-Indra.
- H*rypt-, 6:^P."tl$o_g_,Eastern llimalayas, altitude 6,000-2,000
feet, June 12, lgl4 (r. H. Graaety)..sent io -. severalylu* ago in
ex.clanglwith Brunetti ; other ri*i-.os- are presumabtyi" it. car^michaelColleotionin the Indian ltor.u-.r
Tipula (Acutipula) firicornis mitocera, subsp.nov.
.-General coloration yellow, the meso4otumwith four ill-defined
r$dish.stlipeg ; antennae(d) longer'thant['e body, thr 1911g.Jverticils
afo.ut :ig!t times the diameter 6f the segm."t, i"rrioilffi; wiogs,^8,
small.;
male
hypopygrum
largJand.
comprrrJ.d,the sclerites
lit\c.ell
fused into a continuousri-ng,-tn" ni"thiergite g*oit-;;;rgi;".
__ Muk.-Length about L4 mm. ; wing," 16 mm. ; antenna about
l5 mm.
. Frontal prolongationof the head yellorv, the nasusdistinct. AntglnT.elongate, filiform, the verticils of gr?t- l-ength,the longestfullyeight liqes the diameterof the segmentind ily't*ic.
;,l;;"sthemore delicateerectsetae. Head yillow.
Mesonotalpraescutumye_llow-withfour ill-definedreddishstripes,
the intermediatepai-rTory distinct, strongly narrowedbrhi"al scutalflobes--yellow,_
very indistinctly marked rilin darker ,.aai.n yeilow;
scutellumand postnotumyellow.. pleura yellow, a very little piuinose.
Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown.- Legs with the c&ae andtrochanters-.yellow; femora and_tibiae brown,"the tarsi arr[.r; tarsi
leng and filiform, *o*.longer than the tibiae ; clawsor o,"iu 1oothed,.

wingsrth a fainr brownish
tinge,,ur b rrighrly
T_i1_th..1ubgenus'
darker, rsc nrore.stronglysuff-usedwith brown; stigia elongate-"ovai,
obliterativeareas
ratherrestricted; t"irr, 5ro*o. fenation:!"9*;
Cell Rr small, the distal sectionof R, entire but without macolrirniu"
elcept at base_-;cell Mu gu.p, more dhantwice its petiol" ; ..li irt a,relatively small_;rn-cu-aboutthree-fourthsthe dislal t""tioi iL Cir',pl"..r.d -onfuI n-shortlybeyondthe origin.
Abdomenbrownishoiange; rug.Jots six and sevenand the basesof .eight {l* b_rown
to form a sublermi-nal
ring ; nypolygio*jbr.or"
y-ellow. .Male hypopygium ({s. a) rerativelf i"rg; iod-"i"in'i.rgitu.orrrpressed,
the tergite and sternite fused.- Caudal -utgio "? tn.
(t) rathet g.-"!ly eTargrnate,the extreme laieral angles-toJilu, p.oducedcaudadinto flattbnedear-ri,lelobes,the mesat;;;gi", of which&re blackened and miqoscopicallyroughened. outer ;iJJ/,(o),viewedlaterally, appearingas-a yeilo* irbgl"brous rod, its -u"rul f"..
producedinto a point, the entire inner faceJf the style denselyset withr there is no specimenof this speciesin tho

rndian Muszum. [Ir. s. p.]

182

Rpnordsol the Inilim' Myseurn.

I Vor,,XXIX-

microscopicspinulae. X'rom the notch of the sternite (s) juts a small
medianlobe, bearingterminal bmshesof setae.

Tnxt-rro. 3.-Tipula fiIilnrnie milouro, subsp.nov. ; f, hypopygiumSymbols: o:outer dististyle; s:9th eternito; t:9th t€rglto.

Hob.-Indta.
Holntype,$, Sureil, Mangpu,Darjiling District, altitude 5,000feet,
April-May1917(S. l(. Kemp\.
I cannotindentify this fly with T.f,Ii,comasBrun. (Rtc. IniI. Mus.,
XV, pp. 267-268;1918)becauseof the entire lack of any gray colorationon the heador mesonotum. Edwards(Ibid,.,XXVI, p. 306; L920 gives
some supplementarynotes on, the type oL fi,licomis. The elongate
verticils of the antennaeare_describedas being only about fi.vetimes
as long as the diameterof th?'segmJntand thitip of the ninth tergite
as beingrounded.
tn""ny belongsto the subgenusAanipuln Alex., a subgenericgroupwhich is greatly developedin the Ethiopian Region, extend.ingeastward
into the Original Region,as far east as Northern Australia. It is probable that rather numerousspeciesof this groupwill be found in India
and that someof the speciesdescribedby Brunetti pertain here.
Nephrotoma pleuromaculata,sp. nov.
Generalcoloration sulphur-yellow,the praescutumwith three shiny
black stripes; scutal lobes,scutellumand posteriormargin of the postr
notal medjotergiteblack ; pteurayellow with a conspiouous
blaok triangle
yellowish;
wingssubhyaline,cell Bo and theon the anepisternum;legs.
7st
M2
very
small
brown
stigmadarkipell; cell.&/l petiolate; abdominalte27.1

C. P. Ar,nxeuoEn:Orimtal Iipul,idae.

183

tergites,orange,
lutgtgt gne-lofive with the caudal,marginof the segments
black ; tergite six entirely black ; terminal sggmentsfilvous-orange.
Xemale.-Lgngth about 18 mm. ; wing, I B-14 mm. _t$ontaf-prolongation of .th_ehead yeflow, dark brown dorso-mediallyand laterally at base.;,pafpi_obscureyellow, the terminal segmentdark
brown. Antennaewith the basal segment-yellow,the secoid segment
bloynigh yellgw.; flagellar segmentsbrownish black. Head lighio iellow'smallyth !h.. occipital -b_andsmall, triangular, inconspicuous; ^brownish area on sides of vertex o.ui thu narrowist point; vertical
tubercle moderately conspicuous, weakly bifid, paler'sulphur-yellow
than the d.isk of the vertei.
Pronotal scu-tumbro_adly_sulphur-yellowmedially, brownish black
laterally ; -scutellumr\fesonotal"praesr"t"* Iight-yellowish l-a1er_aliy..
sulphur-y_ellowwith three shiny bla4 jtripur, the lateial stripes a trifle
outcurved. but not pr_oducedtoward. -thq *rtgtn; scutu* ylullo*, thelobg: virtually concealed.
-by obiiq"" r$1r bdck marks thit converge
to th_esimilarly blackened
scutellum; sides of the scutal lobes and tf,eportionsoftheparascutella
yellow, the posterior margins of the
PgPl
latter black ; a narror black Iine &tunds from^the cephalic'portion of
the scutal lobes laterad to the rving-root; postnotoil light^ sulphuryellgw, with about the p_osteriorthird- or a litile less blackJ".d pt.*o;tergite yellow, variegated with black as a posterior and. dorsal iotdu".
P-leurayellow with ; large triangular blaik area that a[nost covers-the anepisternum,the apex-directeddorsad ; similar but smallerblackened
on the cephalic margin of the pteropleurite and the caudal margin?f?:ot, the anelisternum; ventral portions of sternopleurite and meron
fulvous. Halteres trown, the knobs yellow. tugr with the coxae
and trochanters fulvous; femora brownish yellow, the tips scarcely
darkened; tibiae yel!'wish brown, the tips narrowly infuicated, tb;
tarsi passingjntg dark brorvn ; (fore-legsbrqken). $riog. subhyaline,
cell sc entirely tl"r\ br-own; stigma siriilarly dark browi; in .i.ruu, "Iery v?gue brown cloud on anterior cord anrl a similar suffusion alongcy gnd rn-cu; veins dark brown. venation: ,sc, ending oppositethEo-lso^of Rs-; cell lst Mrvery small; cell lllrpetiolate, the p'#ole vari.
^foIr+nable, from shorterthan mto a little longertfan this vein ;fork"!
end
of
M,
m-eu,
some
distance
beyondtheorigin
of.
ffa-;
vein
Tg
Cu, alrnostreachingwing-margin.
Abd.omenorarge, telgrtgs one to five with the caudal margins broadly
ringgd wilh black, on th-efirst tergit-. pory_triangular and iot reachinithe lateral margins ;.tergite six entirely black ; iergite eight black ai
extreme base;lemalnin_gsegments of abdomen fulvouJorange, thevalves of ov.ipositor darker; sternites largely concealedby th6 overlqppi1q tergites, apparently obscure yetlow, with a subterriinal cbiefly
blackish ring, as above.
.
Hab.-In&a.
base of the Eastern__ Hol'otype,S, MahanandaRiver, near siliguri,
Himalayas, March L8, Ig24 (.B. lf. Chopra).
Paratopotype,Q..
By B_rynelti's.
key (rauna,.pp. 340-341 ; lg12), the presentspecies
runs to N. plnuri,notata(Brun.), a distinct species. It sliould be ioted

IB4

futnd,sof theInddm,Mvsatrn-.-

I Vsr.XXIX,

that lV. jaaens,is(Dot.) is not so variable as supposedby Brunetti andthat he had confused.more than a single species.
Subfamily LIMONIINAE.
Tribe LruoNrrNr.
Rhipifia (Rhipidia) choprai, sp. nov.
General coloration of the mesonotum rich reddish brown, darkened
behind; antennae (d) with flagellar segmentstwo to nine bipectinate;*iogr (dl) with a sp&rsecostal pattern, the remainder of the wings nearlyclear; wings (Q) with an abundant spotted and dotted brown and grey
pattern; male hypopy$um having but three spines on the rostrum of
the ventral tlististyle.
Mal,e.-Length about 6-6.5 mm. ; wing, 7-7.8 mm.
Eemaln.-Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing, 7.8-8 mm.
Mol,e.--Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae long-bipectinate;scapal segmentsdark brown; flagellar segmentsyellow, the basal enlargemen_tg
and pectinations dark browl ; first flagellar segmentstrongly
produced beneath but not bipectinate I flagellar segmentstwo to nineconspicuouslybipectinate, the branches shorter on the outer segmedts;
tenth flagellar segment with a single blunt pectination; terminal twosegmentssimple, the penultimate with apical glabrous pedicel. Headdark grey.
Pronotum dark. Mesonotalpraescutumrich reddish brown, brightest
laterally, more pruinose sublaterally and behind, the usual medianstripes remait'ing of the ppound-color; scutum and scutellum pale,more or less light pruinose; postnotum darker, sparsely pruinose.
Pleura largely blackened,the dorso-pleural region paler; sternbpleurite
paler, sparsely pruinose. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxae reddish brown, darker brown at base; trochantersobscure yellow; femora obscure brownish yellow, the tips vaguelydarker ; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. \4 ings greyish subhyaline; thecostal regionind.istinctly marked with five or six brown areas,the amount'more'extensivethag the pale interspaces; remainderof the wing virtually
uniformly grer, with very"spa$e-whitish dots in some of lhe cells;
veins dark brown, the outer costa more yellowish. Venation (X'ig. 4a) :Sc1 enfing opposite midlength of Rs,.Sc, closeto-its tip ; a weak supernumerary crossveinin cell Sc; m-cu just beforethe fork of M. Macrotrichiae of the veins beyond the cord Iong and conspicuous.
Abdominal tergites weakly bicolorous,dark brown, the basal portionsof the intetmediate segmentsbrighter reddish brown; basal Jternites
lright reddish brown, the posterior segmentswith the caudal margins
broadly blackened,the subterminal segmentsentirely so; male hypopy:
gium dark chestnut-brorvn. Male hypopygrum (X'ig. 46) with the mesal
face of the basistyle with a long slender lobe tipped with one long andone shorter bristle, and a much shorter and stouter lobe, tipped rritha fascjcle of about five powerful spinous bristles. Dorsal dististylelong, lently curved,--the tip suddenly narrowed into a long straightspike. Ventral dististyle (v) large and fleshy, the elongate rostralprolongation gently curved, relatively slend.er, provided wittr three1s27.1

C.P. Ar,rxarvunnz (himtal Tr,pulida'-.

is5near midlength; cephalicmargin-ofrostrum at base\rithstrong-gpines(g) short,and.
powerful,
I pencilof four_orfiv919,rysetae._Gonapopf,yses
darkened,the shorttip blickened.

'ft:xr-rrc. 4.-Rhdpklia (Rhipiiliol
clwprai,ip. nov.

symbor,
J:Hililrrr$,lt::V*Hidrstistyre.''tr'emal,e.-Muchlike the male but the antennaemerely subpectinate.
{ings ctistinctly spotted -and dotted with brown and grey. Bc ending
about oppositeor just before midlength of Rs.
I/c,b.-North-west India.
Holntype, S, Simla,'WesternHimalayas, Station l, altitude 6,0007,000feet, August-September1925,at light (8. Clwpra).
Allotopotype,Q, Paratopotypta,6 66, 7 ?9.
This interesting speciesis named in honor of the collector, Dr. B.
N. Chopra, to whom I am indebted for many favors. R, ahopra,iis
very distinct from the other Oriental members of the subgenus-inthe
nearly immaculate wingl of the male and the structure of the hypopygium. The Himalayan Region evidently supports a rich fauna in thegenus. The figure given by Brunetti (Xauna, pl. *i, fig. 17) of theantenna of the male of R. antennala (Brun.) is highly diagrammbtic
and it is very doubtful that all twelve of the flagellar segments ares2

-'186fu<mdsoI thnIndiannInseu,m,[1for;XXIX,

bipectinate, as both frgured and described. If this is really the caseit representsthe maximum of pectination in the entire family.
Rhipidia (Rhipidia) tetracantha, sp. nov.
Antennae (d) with seven bipectinate flagellar segments(flagellar
segmentstwo to eight) : segmenhnine and ten eachwith a singlebranch ;general coloration dark grey, the praescutumwith a dark brown medianstripe; pleura SeI, with two narrow blackish longitudinal stripes ;wings abundantly dotted with grey and with a few larger brown marksin the costal region; Sc ending about opposite one-third the length of
Rs ; male hypopygium with the rostral prolongation of the ventral
dististyle bearing a group of four short spines.
Maln,-Len$h a.bout5.5 mm. ; wing about 7 mm.
Rostntm and pa$i black, Antennae with flagellar segmentstWo
to eight bipectinati; flagellar segmentsnine and tei each with a single
branch, shorter and mote slend.eron seghent teh; flagellar segment
eleven enlat'ged, subglobular at base, with the apical pedicel about
one-half as long as the enlargement; terminal segmentelongate, fully
one-haH longer than the penultimate; flagellar segmentsyellow, withthe basal enlargementsand pectinations brownish blaek. Head dark
Breli the anterior vertex narrow.
Pronotum dark greyish brown, lVlesonotalpraescutum grey witha conspicuotrsdark biown median stripe andless evident lateral stripes ;temainder of mesonotumgrey, the seutellum and postnotal mediotergite"with a capillari blackish-med.ianline. Pleura gtey with two narrow
black longitudinal stripes, the shorter and more ventral stripe along
the sternopleurite,the longer dorsal stripe extendingfrom the propleur&,beneaththe baseof the halteresto the abd.omen. Halteres pale yellow,
the knobs infuscated, Legs with the fore coxae dark basally, yellow
apically; mitldle and hin& coxae obscure yellow ; trocha,ntersyellow ;femora obscurebrownish.yellow,the middle femora with a vaguedarker
sribterminal ring, the tips darker, the fore femora with the tips more[niformly though weakly infuscated; tibiae trrownish yellow, the tips
weakly darkened; tarsi light brown, the tips of segmentsone and two
rrafrcwly darkened; terminal tarsal segmentsuniformly darkenetl.
Wings with an abundant grey dotting on & subhyaline ground;darker brown &reas of the same size surround the supernumerary
Ctossveinin cell Sc, origin'of Rs, tip of .Rs; veins pale, a little darker
where traversed.by gtuy dots. Venation : Sc short, Sc, endingopposite
one-third the length of .Es,Sc, closeto its tip ; m-at,just beforethe forkoI M.
Abdomen dark brown; the caudal portions of the segmentssomewhat
darker than their bases; hypopygrum obscure yellow. Male hypopygium Fig. 5) with the basistyle (b) relatively small, the ventro-mesal
Iobe large, stout. Dorsal dististyle (.1)" long slenclerheavily chitinizedrod, the tip suddenly narrowed.into a long straight spine. Ventral
dististyle lqrge and fleshy, with a second.large fleshy lobule at the baseof tle ro#rirm; rostral prolongation large, ilender, at near midlengthon fhe outer marsq wiih a gioup of four short spines, the two morebasal a little recurved, the two outer straighter and more erect; epex

rg27.l

C. P. Ar.nx.r.Nnnn:OrtmtalIipulidae.

187

qf rostrum tipped with three larger and someadditional smallersetae.
$onaqophyses(g) large.,the cauldalmesallobe direct.d r"od"d, "r*tty
straight, the outer margin weakly roughenedi"
,

A

o ' .
a

Tnxr.na. 6.-Rhipiilia (Rhigiil,ia) tatrracantlw,
sp. nov. ; g hypopygium.
Symbols : b:basistylo ; d:donal dististyle ; g:gona,pophysis ; t:gth tergte.

//o6.-North-west India.
'Western
Himalayas, Station l, altitude 6,000_ Holotype,$, Simla,
7,0q0leet,August-September
L925,in jungle (8. Chapra).
I have tried in vain to reconcile this fly with the descdption ofn. (E.) subtesselata(Brun.)_ofceylon, of which R. zeylaninas.-W. is atynjn_Im, 1999lding to Edwards who has seenthe tnres of both (Rec.
In'il.,Mus., xx\rl, p. 296 ; 1924).- s9:dor-white's figure and descriptionof the male antenna__of.
znyl,oni,ca
indicate that flagellar segmentslhree
to eight-of th9 flagellum are bipectinat_e,only six segmentisbeing thus
brauched. Ed.wards'sobservationson the driLd and shrivelledanf,etrttaeof the type oj subtesselata
seemedto indicate that the last bipectinate
segmentwastheseventhflagellar. The essentialcharactersoflhe male
genitaliahavebeendiscussed
in the speciesmentioned. n. (R.l ilennrcata
Q"*.) is somewhatsimilar to tetramnthfrn color but the wings havethe da"]f grey pattern so abund.antas to restrict the pale ground-colour
t-o.small.spots and streaks,two larger ones lying albngihe costa. In
this species,Sc endsjust beforemidlength of Fs.
Libnotes klossi, sp. nov.
Generaloolorationred.dishyellow; femorabrownishblach the distal
half or a little less yello-rv,-encloginga broad subterminal black ring,
the apex conspicuouslylight yellow; _wingspale yellow, handso-.f
patterned with brown; ovipositqr yitb the tips of the tergal valves
weakly bifid.

- 188Rmrils of the Imdion Musatm-[ Vor' XXIX'

Iernal,e.-Length about 8 mm. ; wing, 9'3 mm'
Rostrum of moderatelength only, about one-half as long as the,r-"ioart of the head,dark-cotred,the palpi black. Antennaebrownish
black, the secondscapalsegmentabruptly light )'ellow' Ilead bufiy;;iG, darker behind,the ailterior vertex narrow; the posteriorportion;i th; head of the type is badly shrunken,but appearsto be brownish
grey laterallY.
Pronotumlonq,darkbrown.moreyellowish anteriorly. M_esonotum
r.d'dirh brown,the surfaceof the typg discolored; scutelconspicuouslv
extensively darkened, especiallyth" dorsal andil;'il;;.-"pl.or"""i.rl',i, portions. Haltereswith tUe baseof the stemyellow, the interbasessomewhat;Ji;;
iortion black; knobs dark brown with their;fi;.- Lees with the coxae and trochantersreddish brown; femora
Llack with the distal half or a little less yellow, enclosinga[i"*rirt;;;;t conspicuoussubterminalblack ring (about 1'5 Tm.), the epel
(about0'8-0'9 -ry.) ; tibiae andtarsi brownish
fightyellow;;;;pi.;#ty"*ittt" p"i. yellow linge, handsome5 npt-t.tned withwi"Lr;il;f:"elJC and Sc dark brown, the latter moreyellowishnear outer;;;;";
enl ; "ior., yellow spots befo:e the stigm-aand as a clear oval area
brown stigmalregion; tle !to*l patterSi" in" center6t tn. odherwise
as follows: An areain th; baseof cell E ; broad colspiil;;;;;dalong Rs and the remainderof the cor{, the seamof these"ams;;io*"t continuedloutward.along vein .Br*, for a distance and thenli"".tri"s cell E1 to the end of-vein S-c1,forming 1 Y;shapedfigure;"""tl*T-shaped'cloud at the stig a,_thestem-on the basal sectionof
one&rmeitend.ingbasad01 4t-, tle olher distad
R-.t, of earlier'workers),;ilg th; freedistal r."iioo 9f_Rrand R2,the fork of this cloud enclosing
the ?eilow oval mentionedbe?ore; conspicuolulbrown clouds on the;;;"i u"a or cel /sf Mratd,at the endsof all the veins,formingextensive
brown fascia; veins yellow,-Venation*rni""t cloudsin allihe cells; a subapical: Scq relatively long,in the infuscated areas.
I*11G"*;;di"g near midlen$h'of R21s, Scr.some,d.istancefrom its tip, Sct
ta"dvgly short ancl straight' more
"fol-t.ing loog.t [h"o *-rii"nrarcuated"irt iti outer end and thus resemblingltimonia; Yeinl beyondin Li,bnotas;basalsectionof .8, about
in. *ta a11greatly elongates,.asof ihe distal sectionof .Q SritlB, (in earlier-papers
iwo-thirilr th"utenb"bhconsideredas beiig the distal section_ofR, alone);_celllst M_, very
widened,,n-cu at_mid-le"glhand about-of.
.looq"t., the outer"endgently
il;thhas the ttistal reclioo Cur; rn arcuatedto weakly angulated,;il 6xil; deflectiot of.M" much shorter,str4g^ht-;cell /sf Mrlor.get
than M, beyondit but shorterthan Mr*u; cell znd A large.
Abdominal tergites dark reddish brown, tle caudal malgrJs of thb
paler; sternitesa little paler; genital segmentintermediatesegm-ents
a"1p. Oviposit6r with ihe terg.alvalves relatively long-,gently curved,;h; tipr-;eiHy ngtcled, the "fir"r thus foqped unequal; sternal valves
strqight',lhe tiPs a,cutePointed.
H ab.-$ ederatedMalaYStates.
Hol,otype,
Q, Ginting: Biqai, altitude 2,000 feet, Selangor-Pahang
Bounilarn Apdl 191?(C. Boden-Kl,ossl'

-,190

Recorilsof theInilian Museum.

t Yor,, XXIX,

lst Mr large, subquadrabe;m-cu at the fork of M, abou0equal to the
distal sectionof Au,r.

rsxr.uo.u.-rffii,gtllt,ffifrsp.nov.
; wing.
Abdominal tergites black, the caudal margins of segmentstwo toseven broadly and. conspicuouslypale, more or less silvery; sternites
largely yellowish; genital segment black, the vaives of the ovipositor
reddish horn-color, the tergal valves slender, only gently upcurved.
I/ab.-South India.
Holntypte,9, Kodaikanal, Palni llills, altitude 6,900-7,200 feet,
September1922(S. W. Kemp).
ParatoTtotype,9, altitude 6,700-7,000 feet, August 1922 (S. W,

K*Pl'

is very closely allied to L. f,aooci,rwta(B"uo.)Li,maniapol,niensi^s'Western
India, but I cannot reconcilethe descriptionsof the two.
ofIn the presentspeciesthere is no trace of yellow on the middle tarsi,
is describedby Edwards(Rfn. IniI. Mus., XXVI, p. 298; 1924). The
venation and coloration of the wings is very similar in both speciesbut
the thoracicpattern is very difierentfrom Bnrnetti's description. Neither
Brunetti, nor Edwards mention the beautiful silvery white anteriorvertex in their observationson L. fl,at:octnda.
Geranomyia (Geranomyia)poliophara,Bp.nov.
Generalcoloration light grel, the praescutumwith three brownish
black stripes; femora with a brownishblack subterminalring; wings
whitish subhyalinewith a heavy brown pattern, chiefly distributed in
the oostalregion; So relativdlf short, endingabout oppositeone-third
to two-fifths the length of .Bs.
Mal,e.-Length (exclutlingrostrum) about 5 mm. ; wing, 6.5 mm. i
rostrumalone,about2'6urm.
Rostrumelongate,black throughout,the pelpl concolorous.Antennae
brownish black throughout. Head dark brownish $ey behind, theanterior vertex apparently clearer grey but this region deformed byshrinkage.
tr[esonotalpraescutum[gAt grey with three brownish black stripes,
the nredianstripe moJediffuse,broadestin front, becomingpaler andmore attenuatedto broken behind; lateral stripesunusuallylongand
foveaenarxow,prolongedcephaladbeforethe levelof the pseud.osuturaland.here slightly more redd.ishbrown, diverginggently from the medianstripe ; sctrtumpalemedially,the lobesgrel, with a darkersemicircularregiop 9f prq,epcptum,
grarking; extlemepootero-metlial
mefian regloq

te27.l

C. P. Ar.,pxexonn: btentnl, Itpulidae.

191

of scutumand the ecutellumreddish-broqn;postnotumdark grey.the
mediotergitewith a weakly impressedmedjanfunow and brok6ntransverselidgeson the basalhalf of the sclerite,lbssibly not normal. Pleura
dark brownish grey, th9 sternopleulitean4 pteropleurit-evariegatedwitl pale_r. 4llt-ttes entirely light yellow. Leg-switi the coxaeobscureyellow, the middle coxaemore infuscatedbasa-lly;trochantersobscure
br-own,the basesnarrowly *oie yellowish; a narrow
yellow-;-fgrqor_abrownishblack su-bterminalring, the extrbmeapicesnarrowly reddish
brown-; tibiae yellowish brown, the tips conipicuously bLckened;tarsi dark brown, the basesof segmentsone "id t*o paler. wings
whi-tishsubhyaline,the baseand inierspacesof the subcosialcell brigf,tyellow; a -heavy-chiefly costal dark- brown pattern, distributed asfollows: A largestigmalarea; an elongatea"ra "ioriginof Rs,extending
from costaalmostto M; a smallareaat tip of Sc,io closeto the last?: to be practicallyconflggntalongthe costa,narrowly separatedbehind,the area not quite reachingq- hrg_earea surrioodiog the superi
numerarycrossvein!n cell 8c, this scarcelyreachingIrI; t}ie most b'asal
area_occupies
cells C and Sc immediatglybeyond-}, scarcelyinvading
g9T.n-;a largerpjt3t {ip of vein R, and anotherin cell Rr;mmediateli
behind r; a small cloud at end Rn*u; narrow but verf conspicuous
9f
brown seamsalong-the cord and outer end of cell lst i[r; exiensive
brown washesat ends of the anal feins; veins!ut- v-eryvague_-paled,"tk brown, yellow in the costalqlerSpaces. Venation: Sc reiatively
one-thirdlo two-fifths the length of Rs,
thort, ending abo^ut_opposite
sc,ugt tlr tip gt.B-cr; a supernumerarycrossveinnear miilength oi
cellBc; Rs angulatedandluukly spur-redatgrigrn; cell rst Mreloigate,
exceedingany vein beyondib; m-cashortly beforethe fork oi a.

Trxr-rrc, 1.-Gerarwrngioplbgtlnrq sp. nor. ; g hypopygium.
Symbols: b:6ssi8trtle ; g:gonapophysis ; v:voutral d.ististyle.

Abdominal tergites dark. brown, the caudal margins.more or lesslight yellow. l{"-tg hypopysrrl- (Iig. z) \ilirh the niith tergite dreply
medially,the lateral lobesprominent,setiferour,ihe urraiui,enoargtnate

192

nnwrd"sof tlw hdien Musatm,

I Vou XX'IX,

emargination glabrous, feebly chitinized. Basistyle (b) relatively small,the ventro-mesal lobe relatively stout, with long conspicuous setae.
Dorsal dististyle a strong curved sickle-shaped hook, the tip acute.
Ventral dististyle (") large and fleshy, the rostal prolongation small,yellow, with two relatively short spines situated on a common
papilla, the spines subequal, directed strongly basad. Gonapophyses(g) conspicuous,the mesal apical angle produced into & conspicuous
blackened.lobe. Aedeagusrelatively small.
Eob.-North-west India.
'Western
Himalayas, Station 1, altitude 6000Holotype.,$, Simla,?000 feet.August-September1925,in jungle (8. Chopra).
Geranomyia poli,opharais distinct from any of the numerous spotted
winged species of the genus in the combination of characters given
above.
Dicranomyia (Thrypticomyia) monocera' sP. noY.
Thorax uniformly reddish brown; basitarsi with proximal ends
darkened ; wings subhyaline,the stigma small, the wing-tip very vaguelydarker; male hypopygtum with a single elongate spine on the rostralof the ventral dististyle.prolongation
Mate.-Length about 4'5 mm. ; wing, 5'5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown; flagellar
segmentsas in the subgenus,short-petiolate, with elongate, unilaterally
arranged verticils. Head dark.
Thorax uniformly reddish brown. Halteres elongate,brown, including
the knobs. Legs rvith the coxaeand trochanters reddish brqwn ; femora
and tibiae dark brown ; tarsi white, the basitarsi darkened.at proximal
ends, on the posterior basitarsi including a little less than the basal
including approxithird, on the middle basitarsi a little more extensive,'\4ring9
subhyaline, themately the basal two-fifths; fore legs broken.
stigma small, oval, dark brown; wing-tip veTy v?gp_ely3_ndinsensibly
daiker than the remainder of the wing; veins dark. Yenation: 8c,ending only a short distance before the origin _9f &, 8c, n9t far fromits tip ; r elongate, a little exceeding na-str; Sttd spul _of E, short,about one-half the basal sect'ion; inner end of cel fsf M, moderately
arcuated ; fla-q, at midlength of cell 7stMr.
Abdomen brownish black, the sternites a little paler, especially thebasal segments. Male hypopygum with the rostral_prolongation of theventral dististyle short and stout, with a single very long, powerful spinethat is nearly twice as l<ingas the rostrum itself, the spine arising froman elevated papilla.
Hab.-Java.
Hol,otype,6f,Buitenzorg, March 1909 (Bryant and'Palmnr'1.
Typt in my own collection.
.

. . . -: - -'Dicranomyia abjuncta, Bp;nov.
Generat-'coloration dark; antennae dark brown throughout, theflagellar segmentswith v6ry long vertioils; wings wit_ha strong blown
Oufrwioo, the long oval stigma darkar I Sc relatively long, botb 8c

t927.J

C. P. Ar,nxr,Nonn; Odmtnl Tipulidnc.

193,-"4 S9, ending- shortly bgJ'ont{-tle orign of. Rs ; male hypopygiumwith the rostral prolongation-of th-e v9nt1;al dististyle with t*o ,rerylong wid.ely separatedspinesthat arise frorir swollen Lasesr,
Maln.-Length about 7 mm. ; wing, 8.3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi- d"* brown. Antennae relatively long, darkbrowl_throughout, _tlu flagellar segmentselongatewith long conspicuous
verticils that exceedin lutgt_hthe segmentsbearing them. Head brown,
the vertex of moderate width.
Mesonotum badly discoloredin the unique type and the coloration
is discussedin general terms only; the entiie nolum seemsto be brownrather than greI, the pleura likewise dark-colored. Halteres relatively
short,_yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the fore coxaedark,
concolorous with the pleura; middle cox&e with only the basal half
darkened, the hind coxae pa_lei trochanters obscure yellow ; legs longand slender; femo_rabrown, their b_as9s
more yellowish,'lVingsthe tips 5roacil|
darker brown; tibiae and tarsi dark brown.
witil a strong
brown suffusion, the long oval stigma darker brown;-veins still darkei
brown. Venation (Fig. 8o) : 80, ending distinctly beyond the origin

"

(."
o a
C

o
o

c

I*
Y

- : . 7j -".-:

._
.....

---

..

'-.

--

t

O.

' Trxr-rro.8.-Dilrommgiaabjunctt,Bp:
Symbols: t:9t4tergito

nov.

; v-vontrql dististyle.

of ]Ls, about oppositeone-fifth to one-sixththe length of the latter,Bc* not far from its tip and likewisebeyond.lhe origin of ^Bs;tip oftgn

necaills of theIndinn Museum,

I Yor,, XXIX,

Rl just basadof the level of the basalsectionof Rr, r thus beingpreserved
as a short setiferous element; Rs long, about twice the basal sectionof Rr+.s; cell 7st M, relatively large, subquadrate,subequalto or alittle shorter than vein Mnbeyond it m-cu near the fork of M, about
equalto the distal sectionol Cur.
Abdominal tergites dark brown or brownish black, the basal sternites
more bicolorous; hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium (X'ig. 8b)with the ninth tergite (t) rather deeply emarginate, each lobe withnumeroussetaeand with a ferv smallermedian setaein the emargination.
Basistyle relatively small, the ventro-mesallobe large and conspicuous.
Dorsal dististyle a very strongly arcuated, sickle-shaped,slender rod,the tip acute. Ventral dististyle (v) large and fleshy, much larger thanthe basistyle,with a small lateral lobule before the rostral prolongation;
the latter is large and broad, with two very elongate,widely-separated
spines,the outer spine longer and stouter than the other, arising froman elongateswollen base,placed shortly before the apex of the prolongation; the inner spine arises from a smaller swollen base, which,
together with the adjoining faceof the base of the outer spine, as wellas the entire intervening space,is densely set with short erect setae.
Gonapophyses(g) $'ith the meso-caudalanglelong and conspicuous.
Hab.-I:oidta.
Holntype,$, Sureil, Mangpu, Darjiling District, Eastern Himalayas,
altitude 5,000feet, April-May 1917(8. W. Kemp).
D,i,cranomyiaobjunct@appearsto come closestto the description of
D. fortis Brunetti, which, however,difiers in the coloration of the body,legs and wings.
Dicranomyia @icranomyia) slnclera, sp. nov.
General coloration pale fulvous yellow; antennae with the hagal
segmentspale; halteres relatively short, the knobs darkened; wings
pale yellowish subhyaline, entirely unmarked; Scr ending shortly
beyond the origin of Rs ; male hypopySum with the rostral prolongationof the ventral dististyle entirely blackened,bearing two long slenderspinesat base.
Maln.-Length about 4'8 mm. ; wing, 6-6'2 mm.
lemnln.-Length about 5 --i;- wing bbout 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi pale yellow. Antennae with the basal segments,
including the scape and basal three or four segmentsof the flagellum,
pale, the outer segmentsmore infuscated; antennae small, the basal
flagellar segmentssubglobular,crowded,the outer segmentsmore oval.
Head whitish yellow, the black eyes contrasting strongly; anteriorvertex nearly twice as wide as the diameter of the first scapalsegment.
Mesonotum uniformly fulvous yellow, subnitidous, the pleura ofapproximately the same color. Halteres relatively short, pale yellow,
the knobs darkened. Legs with the coxae and trochanters concolorouswith the pleura; femora and tibiae yellorv, the tips narrowly darkened;tarsi brownish yellow, the terminal cegmentspassinginto black. Wings
pale yellowishprrbhyaline,entirely unmarked.; veins pale brown. Venaiion: Sc, ending shortly beyond the origin of Rs, ,Sc, a correspond.ing
distaqoe before ffe origin, though these positions varI slightly in a.Lezt.lC. P. Arnxewonn: Or,i,mtnl,
Iiptl,idne.

195

yerieq;Scraloneis abouttwicethe basalsectionoL Rr; Rsof moderatel.?.gth,g-e,ntly-arguated,
approximatgtr
tti"9-tn, u"r"i sectionoinn*u ;talg?a littleroigu,.id;;J/,:6;J::::^:':Y,^,lll*i"'lyrnner end sughily arcuated,lying far

it, tnu

pioximad of cell ilu ;" *-r* close
to the fork of rlr'. Macrotrichi"r oo Rs and the rongid.di;;iveins
peyo-ndthe cord ; basadof the cord on the distal end. of.
fur
and thebasalsectionoI cu.r; none on 1sr A a f.w on tne aisiat-qor.t.*
;
ot
ZndA,

rnxt'*c'''-'r;ffiT'LYxHi;H;,il',.'gh'vpopvgium'r,,.ffiHilJ':#;:"il:Y:;",Y;:3r*lr**,lT::
3",Hli*li

narrow,the aper l-olg,_slender,
acuterypointed- lentral*.y,193!9nga!e,
dististyle(v) mod.erately
andfleshy,therostralproiongationheavily
blackenedthroughout,atfarget[e baseoo iL. outer pargn with two long,
slender,subergll,lptl.r,, arising from short rwonenil;;tl.ru-rpiou,
erect or bent slightly backwards,
Jonger_than
the rostrumfrt;;.I them.
Gonapophvses
as.veryb'oid flatteneilbl;d;r; a;;d;;i-b-lackened,
rpq?ring
mesal
lo.!9 vgry small,forming " r.ril stout hook. bvipositor''r_.ry,l.oJ;r,with the tergSl valves relatively;;l;,"u'plurved
3h6rt,
to the acutetips; sternalvalvesshort and slout.
.I/ob.-North-west Ind.ia.
'westernsimla,
rlimal,ayas,station r, altitude 6,0006,_ ^!^o!otypa,
7,009feet,August-September
lg25_,at tigUt'1A.Chopra).
D. syliglcroagreesbest with D. fl,aoibrunneaBiun and D. simplex
Brun.,.of Bengal,-Uut is distinct in tle d.etailsof coloration. The structure of the malehfpopygrumis distinctive.
Dicranomyia innocua, sp. nov.
General coloration of the hea$
-greyi rresonotum very high andgibbous,.brown,darkestmedi3lly; hafierls
y_ellow,
the knobs"iJoirut.a
dlgr with a pale brown sufiusion,-theoval stigma a little darker; gc;
endingabgut oppositethe origin of Rs, sc, lon[ ; cell t;;Gily theatrophy of.m.
Male.-Length about4.6 mm. i wing, 6.1 mm.

196
Rostrum light yellowish brown; palpi brownish black. Antennae
black, the basal segmentsa trifle paler ; flagellar segmentsoval, becoming
nore slender and elongate distally, the last segment one-half longer
than the penultimate ; flagellar verticils relatively'short and inconspicuous, not exceeding the segmentsin length. Head largely light grel,
the vertex apparently with a darker marking; anterior vertex relatively
wide.
Pronotum dark brown medially, obscure yellow laterally. Mesonotum very high and gibbous, dull brown, darkest medially,,the humeraland lateral regions brighter, the dark coloration produced_by_the con'fluent praescu[alstripes; Bc'rtnmpale medially, the lobes dark brown;
scutellum dark with a pale median spot; postnotum dark, sparsel.v
pruinose. Pleura reddish brown on the propleura and anepistemum,
lhe remainder of the pleura and the pleurotergite conspicuously lightgrey pruinose. Halteres yellow, the knobs infuscated. Legs with thecoxaebrown, the middle snfl hind coxaesparselypruinose; trochantersand slend.er,pale brown, the terminal tarsal
reddish yellow; legs long'Wings
with a pale brown sufiusion, the oval
segmenti dark brown.
stfuma slightly darker brown; veins pale brown. Venation (X'ig._104):
Sc-short, Sc, ending just beyond the origin of Es, Sc, fa1 remo-vedfrom
the tip of Scr, the-iatter alone approximately two-thi:ds_the length ofRs; tip of Rl very faint but presewed' lytog proximad of the basal
section of R2, r being present, setiferous; cell Mropen by_lhe "ltophl
of.m ; cell M ,longeitLan its petiole ; rn-ar at the fork of M, subequal
to the distal section of.Cur; vein Znil A relatively loog.

b.
Tnxr-rro. h}.-Dhtcrornyio imtmrn, Bp. Mv.
o. wing. 6. $ hypopygrum, details.

Male-hypoAbdominfitergites dark lrbwn, the sternitesbrighter.
-ventro-mesal
lobe
pygium with thJ basistylesrelatively_smal! theiiitio.ty elongate,setifeious. Dorsal dististyle a long, strongly curved'

198

Iniffan Musam.
Eecwilsof ihi,e-IYoi'TXIX;

Abdomenbrownishblack, the caudalmarginsof the segmentspaler ;basalsternitesobscurebrownishyellow,the remainingsternitesbrownish

rrxt'u;' r}'s!

T:ffieW#.'P'

no''paler. _M1lehypopygilm (Fis: 11b): Ninth tergite
black; hypopygium-eitatgi"ateonlv eent[."Basistyle medially, the caudal margin wit\ a sparyerow
relatively large,the ventro-mesallobelarge,-obtuse;of setie.
""-"aaiti"nal m'esallobe t[at iJ still larger, more obtuse and tipfued
with more abundant setae. Dorsal dististyle strongly cuwed', widest
near midlength, the apex obtuse. Ventral dististyle relatively small," titttu broaf,er than long, the restral polongatiol a,pperentlybea,rilga sinqte spine, with a weak line or furrow extending away from thei"r. 6t tn. tp*q; severaladditionalsetaeon the prolongation. Gonasmall,the 9ut9r margin-crenulate.
fophysesht!", the mesal_apical.lobe
i,h.igur l"t!", subtendedon either sideby broadwingsthat bear large
marginalsetae.
Eab.-PortugueseIndia.
1916(S.-.W.,Kemp)'
Hol,otype,$, Mormugao,-Goa,September
nUriio*{io g*r* would seem.to_bg.a generalizedand scarcely
modifiett*uitbuiof the subgenusldioglnchina.-The fly was mentioned
briefly by Brunetti (Rec.In'il'.Mus., XV, p. 286).
sp. nov.
Orinargull.sracitines'. :Legsand.fintennaelong qatt ilenaler; mesonotalpraescutumbrownish
bUcC the lateral -urgIo broadly reddishi pleura blackened'i ltgt;;ii";ty yellow ; wingstJla,tirn.lynarrow ; m-su far from the tip of Cut,re27.l

C. P. Ar,nxelronn: Orimtnl I'i7rul,tilae.

199

Femal'e.-Length about b mm...; wrng about 4.g mm._;hind leg,femur, b mm. ; tibia, b.b mm. ; basitarsur,"+.n.rp-. remaindlr
of tarsus,;
1.4 mm.
:,Rostrumtt*1,11"^y-1_lPnllni dark brown. Antennae

elongate,
filiform, iu the male sex pres'm"bry ur*g"t.;;loo. gr*irir";;;Edw.
and o. longcurnis Alex. ;-dark bro#n thdrth;,
thu rug,'ents elongatecylindrical. Headdark.
Mesonotal praescutum brownish black, the late?lmargins broadly

r3d$$ ; scut'm light yeilowish
Lrow",til rourrirrt

brown; scutenum
dark br-own,m".gi-oudqaudally*ith]*G. l- p*t""tum red.dishbrown.
Pleura blackenedl.Harteresrignt yeliow, tn[["ous infuscaiu,I.-'Lug,
with t'he co?ae ai1g"r"t.+t"r9r*"us with the pleura;
ffn"l:"tttremainderof legsyellow,in;lu,ti;gtle dapi.-;;;; very longandslender,
as shownby the measurementsj
the tibiae *rLtu"g thJ f;;;,thetarsi similarly exceedingrh_etirig
ivt"gr-;liativdy
na.,ow, Iights"y, the stigmanot ind.iiatet{; vei-nsrelativ?lyp*t, uro*o. venation:s:.:S"a abourppposiren".-ri*in, ;ili;,#ntot
straighr.Bs; basats6ctionof.R, a litile- ;h.t;'H;; tr. ,.l*tioutyuhorr,
auril;'l'l_ri
troyedin bothwings rh9u,gtp;";a-frr
oot
oo
Rn*u,
rhe
basal
sectionof the lattei at9f.
least!ryl

ffi.g timis i-;,*il ll,r" approximatelyits
petiole,thelatterabout!.*igujgual to i-*itslength beforethefork of M, abdut o"u-tniJas, m-cu nearly twice
rong as the distal
sectionof Cur.
Abdomendark brown,_thecaudal.margrns^o{
thg segments
narrowry
paler; genital segmen-tlggn-tty pruinosel-n"ip"rito.*ith d.-- - toog
slend.er
valveshorn-coror_ea,"tn" dgJ;;i;*op.oro.a.
6frly.Eob.-South-westIndia.
, ^ *t"Epe, 9, castle Rock, N. KanaraDistrict, october 1r-26, 1916
(5.W.
Kemp).
ordmarqulnoraci,Ii-pes.is
most closelyallied to o. graci,ti,comi^sEdw.

whicfil t' dt'ils,rtq*i uf th; di;s""sticfearures
above{lH*'ilrfroni
usred. J.hetvpeis not in goodandbroken.

"Tiu

Jooditioo,in,*i"fi uing raay-Llttua
g.oot o;ir,*rg;1";;;
ti,u?orruof British rndia.

Antochaindica Brun.
(PlateXIII, fig. 4.)- { male,from.Ahnogl,Kumaon,,artitude b,b00'it feet, June 16 rgrl
(c. Paiaa)hascel Isr M, open
uy in, "tr"pny* rnii. rii, ,n", ]*o-,R,
Tnxr'rro. r2.-Antoctn (anrncrw\irdioo Br,r1n. wing, abnormar;
venation
Symbol: R:Rad,rus.

ducingthe venationof an ori,margur,o.Therecanbe no questionof thespecificidentity.

900

ftweofttwlndian Musann,

I YouXXlX'

Orimarga horai, sp. nov.
(Plate XIII, fig. 5.)
Generalcoloration pale brown, the mesonotumunmarked; antenn:lflagellu dark brown-; legs pale, almost whitish, gny -tI.". terminal
tar"satsegmentsdarker ; ori"St gt.F h, the axillaly-region"-litt\ darker ;Sc relatrYvelyshort, Sc, .ofuig bpposite two-filths- the length of Rr,
opposite,tu-slt,;Rs longerthan Rr.
Iemak,-Length about 6'6 mm. ; wing, 5'4 mm'
Rostrum pale yellow, the palpi browq. _Antennaewith the scapal
eegmentsy.itowijn brown, the flageuum dark b-r-own-;{ag9ryr segments
rni*-o"ul, gradually decrea.singin size outwardly, the last the smallest.
Head grey.
llfesonotumuniformly pale brown. Pleura pale brown, try ventral
pleuritespaler. I{alteres ligh-tyellow, the knobi infuscatedr -L.gt -*thth. *"nJand trochantersteaaisn yelow, t]re fore coxaea little darker ;femora whitish, the tips very little darker; tibiae whitish, the tips notdarkened; tarsi similar, the third and succeedingsegment-sbrown.
Wings greyish, the axillary region a little d.arkeri veinl pale brown.
: Sc, -br" than its own length from tng ttp of {cr,Venatio"n(fig- lB)'aboudoppositetwo'fifths the-length-of the long Es ;the latter'uoliog
tip of R,'otclistincily p.."..tud ; r in direct {ignment with t}e penultimate
sdction n, "od ih" distal section of. Ru, the latter about twice theRr; basal section9I R_, aboutbasal section-of Rz; Rs long, exceed.ing
the fork of .Es; basal section
one and.one-half fr*ut its length beyond-angulated
neg,r midlength i M3++of Rr+, relatively short, weatly
about'equal to IlI" and about one-third longerthal Ma;_.m,at about
opposite'sc, and beiow two-fifths the length or ry j .cu, endinglPPosite
vein'Znill. ending before rn-ou,. Ilacrotrichiae- on- R, relativeEi)*;sparse, about 13 in ouib.r, crowd.edoutwardly, confined to the distalfi"U "i the vein; two macrotrichiae on the oot.t hall of the angulated
bassl sectionof &+r.

rrrr-ns. ,r;#r{";ff'ffsl.

noy.
; wins.

Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites paler; genital segment
obscure brownish yellow. Ovipositor with the small tergal vllves
slender,gently upcuived to the acutetips, the long sternalvalvesstraight.
I{ob.-North-west India.
Holatype,Q, Kollar Kahar, Salt Range, Punjab, July L922 (8' L'i''Horal.
Tire speciesis namedidhonor of Dr. S. t. Hora, {ssisQnt-Superintenclent il tht Tnolo$cal Sruvey of India, who collected tho tyPe.

2ot

Ie27.lO. lrcrai is most closely allied t'o O. perqrinn, Brun., of the Eastern
S.-W., of Ceylon. -$enior-'Whitestates that
Ilimalayas, and O. a"s'ignofo
his asignata agreesexactly in venation with Brunetti's description(but not his figure) of. perqri,na. This being so, the present species
difiers from both in the venation,especiallythe short Sc, the unusuallylong Rs, short cell M, and other details. The venationof peregri,naas
figured by Brunetti (Eau,no,pl. viii, fig. 11) is faulty in the length ofSc, which is shownas ending wherethe distal sectionof Rt shouldbe.
This mistake was later correctedby Brunetti (Rec. Ind,. Mw., XV,
p. 309; 1918).
Orimarga at nandalei, sp. nov.
1918. Orimorgo pregrinfr Brun., Ren.Ind. Mtu., XV, p. 3O9; nncO. pre'grimBrun., Iouna Brit. Ind,b, Nemnlacero,
p.424; 1912.

Femal,e.-Lengthabout 4.2 mm.-; wing,-4mm.
Rostrum reddishbrown, palpl dark. Antennaeuniformly brownish
black; flagellarsegmentssubglobularto short-oval. Head dark grey.
]\{sssnsf,rrmrelatively dark brown, without distinct markings.
Pleura apparently dark-colored,but not clearly evident, due to thepinning. Halteres pale, the knobs darker.
Legs chiefly dark brown,'Wingswith a strong $eylsh
the femoral basesnarrowly yellowish.
tinge, the veins brown. Venation (Fig. 14) : Scr endingabout opposite
three-fifthsthe length of R.s,r$c,a little morethan its own length fromthe tip of S:r, both lfr"g far beyond,m+u; tip of R, not evident ; .Ee

Trxr-rro.

L4.-4rimorga onnnndnlai,sp. nov. ; wing.
. Symbol: R:Rsditrs.

relativd long but shorter than Rr, gently arcuatedat origin; fistal
sectionof R, about one-halflongerthan the basalsection(r of previous
papers),the latter a little lessthan twice Rr+s; basalsectionof Raas
6longate,strongly arcuatedat origin, the straight apical portion bling
longer than the petioleof_cellI{r; r-mlyir'g opposite!h_etip of Rr;
Mrnt a trifle longerthan Maand' about three-fifthsof Mri tn'cu at'about one-fourth the length of Rs, oblique in position; vein Znd A
ending oppositethe posteriorend of m'-cuand just_beyond-the originof 8s. Macrotrichiaerelatively sparse; none on the distal sect'ionof
Ro ; on R, only about 9, well scatteredalongthe length basad.to opposite
the tip of the distal sectionof Er.
Abdomen dark reddish brown. Ovipositor with the tergal valvesvery small, the sternal valves much exceedingthe tergal valves, straightand powerful.
Hab.-Penk.
c2

202

--funrds of the Inili,anAfurcwrn.

I Vor; XXfX,

Hol,otype,;f,Hills near Taiping, December26-30, 1915(ly. Annandel").
AllnlopoWpe,?. Paratopotype,3. The type and paratype are in
the Indian Museum, the allotype in my collection.
As ind,icated.above, O. annnnd,ol,ei,
which is dedicatedto the memoryof the late l)irector of the ZoologicalSurvey of India, Dr. N. Annandale,
was earlier determined by Brunetti as being identical with his O. peregri,na, described from the Darjiling District, Eastern Himalayas. If
Brunetti's description of the latter is even approximately correct, thetwo species&re amply distinct. Tn peregri,nn,the basal section of Rr+s
is short, r-m and.the basal section of Rz in alignment, and cell M,
much deeper than its petiole. It should be noted that the types of thepresent speciesare the identical specimenstaken by Dr. Annandale
in Perak.
Helius fernrginosa (Brun.).
Numerous alcoholic specimens,from Kalimpong, Darjiling District,
Eastenr Himalayas, altitude 600-4,500 feet, April 24-NIay 10, 1915
(8. H. Graaely). Thesespecimensshow a considerable renge in size,
someof them being the largest specimensof Helfus known to the writer.
(Maln.--I'ength, 7.5--S mm. ; dog, 7.5-9 mm. Iemal,e.-Length9-11 mm. ; wing, 8.5-9.5 mm.). They were associated.in the vials
wilh Helius unicolor (Brun.), Eriaura aurant'i,aBmn., E. flaui,pesBrun.,E. graaelyiBrun., and other species.
Tribe Pnorcrnqr.
Nipponomyia trispinosa (Alex.).
Otsu, Japan, October 6, 1915 (lV. Anrnndaln). Small swams ofmales d.ancein the air a foot or two above the ground, emong undergrowth, at dusk. Bmnetti @pc. Inil. Mw., XY, p. 328 ; f9l8) failed
to recognize the Pediciine nature of these specimensand believed theymight represent & new genus of the Hexatomini (Limnophilini). It
should be noted that a representativeof this peculiar genus,N. noaungrunctoto(S.-W.), has bee'\ takenjn the S.hasi llills, Assam.
Tribe Hnx.e,rourlu.
Pseudolimnophila multipunctata (B"un.).
1912, Lirtunnphila rwllipwrlatt

Brun.,

Founa

Brit.

Ind,b,

Dipt.

Nemat.,

A bactlydamagedmale, MangaldaiDistrict, N. 8., Assam-Bhutan
frontier, December27, 1910 (S. W. Kernp). The most conspicuousof long,silkensetaeon the legs.
featureof the fly is the presence
Pseudolimnophilarenior-whitei, nom. nov.

re22'hnnunKY.6y'ry3"t-tT,:#)'l%y.T;*:f:;^!fm:tipnttipenni,s Brun., Ru. Ind. Mua,, XV, pp. 329-330,pl. viii, frg.17(wing); 1918.

t927.1

C. P. Ar,pxenonn: OrtmtalIiputidae.

203

Pseudoli'nnophilarhanterig rp. oorr.
Generalcolorationdark grey,wifh a bright b1_own
capilrarymedianvitta from the head to the"postnotum luE,;tn[-r.-oral tips
broadly, the tibiae more nrriowly, tr"l,r..i.d;_yellow,
wings
spotted and dotted with brown;-^Rsrerativery shorT, rlrlow, heavily
6rigi;;tiog iust
beforethemiddleofthewing-lorg
ti ; "aliii ar'r"rg-,"h;;lffi.
Il,Iale.-Leagth,g mm. ;"wio[, S.Znm.
Rostrum daik Brer, the palp"ib.o*oiril black. Antennae
relatively
short, if bent backwaidrc"r6uly^attai*"g tnu ""t.rior
end of tn, praescutum; antennnedark brown,ihe se"ondu"rp"Lrugm."i" tiin. trtghr;
colored; basal_segme'telg,nsate; flageqd-s'eggentssmall, short-oval,
deoeasingin sizJ outwardly] the vefticils u-#Jat.."lly"rr"ogud, only
a little longer than the.segments.Head r.ni-J-tn;y#;i;iarebut
not suddenlvnor strongry
posjeriorrn
blr;Gi;;ilnanow{arroy.ed
briq_htbrofr capillary"Jrdi";
vifta.
Pronotumrine. Mesonotarprael"*u, cuy, Tth I capilraryb_rown
scutumgrer, theusualmedians!r+6 reducedto.a capildilGht
b'rownmedianvitta, the lateral stripesbr^oader,U."o-r"g obsoleteposteriorly;
scutum and scutellumgrey, the centresof the scutal
lobessomewhat
darker, the medi"o ".r""*itl th. brdhtb;;;-capillaryvirta i posrnotum relativelv-oorhgd, Iight. gre,v. p"reuragr.y ;i;h ; ;"il; narrowdarker line
lh; ;gnr-tg.num; dorso-plLurarmembrioe dusky.
l.s-: wiih ttre coxaebroio, ,purr.ly fnrinose,the*lt:ycoxae
l:llg*
rore
paler apically-;
trochantersbrownishyJilow t6"oo y.ilo*,
the tips coispicuoircty6u"[uoua; tibiae "oa-turitarsi ;yerow,.thetips"brod;
more na,rrowly blackened; remaining
segments
pubei-tarsal

tengrhJubappres:r,?awt{; rff yelow,
9${,andff:T"""llisj$*oderatetne basebnghter;.1lT"y spotted
dotted.brownpattern,i"rgrrt
i"--th-ustigm"alrqgron; brown dots in alt the cells, least
abundant incell sc ; tt'e costaiceilhas"i;"t; l9;" ;".h""rpgh beyondh; thespors
are larger at arculus,
Rs,
tin
"t
Ar"i^a"t
endsof o.io, Crrr,.origin_of
lst A and znd,rl,; veinllreilow,
drrk., i" fi," ioroscated;*;lcostalshort. vination : sgr ."ai"g oppositethe end.of ^Bs,
H"*:t*li::tt
Dcs
at tts tip ; Rs of moderatelength-o.oly,i*oit.aat origin,-arisinj
iust beforemidlengthof the wing;"n, lorr b.ior" the basalsectionof
cephalad; bisal *dtio";in, very faint to scarcery*r^,t^t:::r*t{.3:.^""lJdat midlengthof the-pale_areab6yoodth, stigma, oneil$"i1!,_rl"gt::g.,T B.r*, and ibout one-f6urthas long as R_r*r; ,.iooR,-in*H ffrt gently divergrlg:-mor9
strongly ro at ooi., ."a2o!
oogh tb;
deflectionof Rr- towirilthe wing-adi .h,+,,*r short, about
equarr-m; inner endg-ofcells Rn,Ru and 1st arii straight"ligom'rottoo"nearly so ; cell Mr present,ihorler than its.p*iote "cell trl
tt, to,,g;and narrow, about chreetimes as lolg "r *ii", rn-cu at
midlength;
anterior arculuslacking but in one wiig of the type appearing
weaklypreserved
Abdominaltergit6sdark brown,the basalsegmentsna,rrowly
brightermedially,; trqn.sverse
impressrons
consprcuous,
black;
i"oi,t.rl,l*ruDesmore reddrghbrown, the tran:turr-..
formingalmostimpr_essions
com_pletetransve-rse,.rings; hypopygiumlighdr [bro*.
Hab.-South IndiaIlfi";Ah.
i7 ttt br,ili'*nn"norla,204

I Vor' xxrx'

feet,
Eol,otype,3, Koilaikanal, Palni IIilIs, albitu,ile6,700-7,000
August 1922(S. W. KemP). .
pseuil,olimoophi,Iorhniieria is most closely llli.ed bo P. senior-white'i"the very'Thelloot. oor,. (P. r;"i;ewnctipennis S. W', Pleoccupiecl)4ifieri"gvenation of thedifrerent coloration of the antennae"od thot"x'
is quite distinct in the shorberRs and the long, narrow;;il-rfu.i"rcell7stMu.
Pseudolimnophila costofimbriata' sp' nov'with three darker
Generalcoloration reddish brown, the praescutum-*"rt"l ,rJtti"il* ; wings strongly tinged
u[;t;"
brown srripes; dg.ll";-;A
margin of wings of male with awith browo, thu ,fig;-a"tkur;
conspicuousfri"89 of lonq setae'
i[ale.-L"oglh, 6'5-7 mm. ; *itg, 7 ^7'5^ym'
Xemnln.-t e"ngtn,8'5-9 m-m.; -wng, -hq'5 mm'with theMale. Rostrrim short, pale,-ifr" fr"tpi dark. Antennae antennae
dirker; remainder of
yuit&, il. tip^elonga19
basal segment ;;;;;
with long senspicuous
segments
brownish Uf".h h"!.ffit
in length'
verticils, as in th; ;;'"p, inu.Jrr"Ji"its excleding.tl" s-egmenls surface
the ventral
Ilead bro-wn,the front "nd port"rior orbits grelish,of the head more Yellowish.
redfish brown, not slriny, more dusted with
Mesonotal p;"';;;;
stripe nearly
grey in front, *iin tn "e darker bt"*" stripeS,the median
relatively inconreaching th. ,olor.; prr"aosutural foveaelarge but
lytog far cephalad;
spicuousUu."o* ol-titgl p"l. "olot f fob"ttolatJpits
with darker browu;
scutum Uro*o,i".t b# conspicuouslyvariegated-Pl"; testaceoug; - postnotum brown to dark brown'
scutellum pale reddish
sparsely pruinose. Halteres
rectclish'brow1,^;;gt;fh ;* tfU*."iJ
il;Awith the 6ot"u tight brown, sparsely
pale, the knobr
the legs lightpruinose; trochanters obscure'y.tto*; remainder-ofI

Tnxt.rro.|8._Psalitn|imnphila,oostof'mbrial@'8p.no..
'' c. Costal fringe of S' D' Venation'
Sf.mbol: R:Radius';
brown,the rermin"tt"lJiegments " iirrt" darker^11*it1lll""gregtona
the costal
tinge, kg:
ild rile"t.

Wi"gs with a Jttottg brownish

1927.1

C. P. Ar,nxrronx: hientat Tipuliitae.

206

trifle m91..yellowish; stigma distinct,
9var, darker brown; veins andmacrotrichiaedarker broin. costal i"i-"g"'(iig.
conspicuous.venatio: (Fig-.lbb) gc r-frtir[y _rfua)very long andshort, gndingopposite
Ior shortlv beforethe forl o"fRs,.',sc,"oil",;;;Ti,, tip-; Rs-reratively
long.,nei,rf rt*iglt;H;ir^r""s*,,arcuated,the basat
9f
sectionof R" closetoi.n;;;;th;i;rk, insomecasesat, in otherssomedistance
before,evento,a.di'h;;;;;J;C#; #sth, wh'e in orhercases
it li3s beyondthis fork, o, Rr., Rr ^i lr",jtitwice the basalseetions,,of Rr; veins8., and,fn-]o"g,'g;;gi'a"i*.u."t;shorter than r--m; cer-M, d;p, ablut t*iluli, basalduflu"ii* of Ru
petioreor a rittre less;rn'su not far from the fork oI-fu; ,oturio,"r.oio, erriduni bot onry
weakly_preserved
Abdominaltergitesdark brown, the lateral
marginsof the segments
restrictedlv oalerl sternites b_rown,the segmentl
broadry marginedlaterally and^caudluy-*itl' y-ir"*r -n -r;rr*f,.i" obscureyeilow.
xemate.-very similarto ttr. -;b.,[#'#thrh;;;;fft.i* short,
but etill a little iong_er_rhan
is usuari; th; ;;;;r.
ovipositor
with rhevalvesvery long and slender.
Hab.-South India.
Holotgpe,a, Kodaikanal, palni rlills, altitude
6,?00_?,000feet,
Septemberlg2? (5.W. Kernnl.
All,otopotype,J, August fSlZ.
t'_aratopotA?6,8
6 9.
Pseudolimnoyhii.la.
ustofmbrtata is readilv distinguishedfrom its
allies in the oriental.faol
The-b.ythe long-cortrl fringe Jr in1--"i-.
rather numerousspgclesof thisrestricte"dh"o-, s, oooro"jly short,sroup
the basalsectionof
4u closero rhe f";[ ;l ;;*n "od with the f,agellar
verticils of an unusual
lengtl: T_hegroup;#i"
termed theinconcuss'grouP, from one of the earlier desc"ribed
rjJ"iur (p. inconsussa
AIex.,of Japan).
l,imnophila (Dicranophragna) reverenda,sp. nov.
General coloration -blackish praescutumwith four dark brown'*iogr.
stripes; pleura largely49y,- -t!r ;gr.y*r, yellow, ;th " very
sparseb:o*l patt91n,there beingoo -i,rkffi n"ria of tiie
.ord .".upt
a spot at origin of Rs.
{aln.-Length about b.g mm. ; wing, 6.g mm.
Rostrumand palpi d-ark_brown.AnTroo"e*itrt the scapal
segments

dark reddishOfIi,
segm"p,aur\u1b;;;;-;fi;fi;
oval,wirh relatjvery,11._
long|"g,.]larvefricls. fi*a tr11"*ilh ;;;-t#;erfront, darker behind.

in. . Mesoaotal praescutum dull grey with four dark brown stripes, theintermediate pair narrower, lessdisiinct_in front i"trJ ,t.ro-r"#oader;"UUrt
but more Poorly defined; pseudosuturalfoveae ;h;il;;ffi;
Scutqm.darkgr-ey,eachlobe variegatedwith two brown areas; scutellum
broad, brownish grey; postl-otal mediotergite dark-"} blrrkirh'sr; witha med.ianu*uan abnoril"rity ln"'rJq"".""ryp.f.
.:::?j:,(p_"::11{
Pleur-alargelyblackish,rp?r*ry pruinose.Hirter*spale,iuu i.oor*

w91klr darkened, L-egswith th; coxaeweaklyiot"-ua, rh; i;"yuuo*,"o*"u"ru*1i"a;;'"fo little d4rker; troghantergobscureyellow ;i.g,

-knud&$-200

fhc Indi*n Mwanm.- ,{ You XX}Xr'-

the terminal tarsal segmentsand the incisurc but*..o tarsal segments
one and two darkened.. Wings with a strong greylsh yellow sufiusion,
the centersof most of the cells paler; a very sparsebrown pattern, distributed as follows: At origin of Rs ; stigma ; at Scr; along cord;
outer end of cell -Isl Mr; onsupernumerarycrossveinin cell R, ; marginal
cloudsat ends of veins Rr, Rn,M1, M2, Ms, fuILand,Curl a seriesof
pale brown clouds on veins M" and Mn and at the fork of Mr*r; nobrown marks basad of the cord except the spot at origin of .Bs; veinsbrownish yellow, darker in the infuscated areas. Venation (Fig. 16) :rnrcu nearly its own length beyond the fork of.M. One wing of thetype is badly deformedin the region of the medial field.

Tnxr-ua.

I6.-Limwphila(Dhramphragma) reaerendn,Bp. nor. ; wing.

Abdomendark brown, the hypopysum paler ; sternitesbrownishyellow,
marginedlaterally and lessdistinctly caudally with blackish,the subterminal _segments- uniformly blackened. uale hypopygium with theouter distiglyle_elongate,
slender, asymmetrically bind ai apex.
I/ob.-North-west India.
'Western
Himalayas, Station
lolntype, d, in poor condition; Simla,
1, altitude 6,000-7,000 feet, August-Septemberlgzl,at light (8. Clwpra).
Phyllolabis confluenta,sp. nov.
-rread grey i thoracic d.orsumbrownish black, the pleura obscureyellow; wings brownish yellow; cell II,I, confluentby tie atrophy of,n.
X emaln.-Length,5.8-6.2 mm. ; wing,G.7_7. L mm.
Rostrum light brown, the lalpi darker. Antennae with the firstscapal-segment_brownish_yelloifr,the'second segment darker, tippedwith obscureyellow; flag_ellumbrown, the flagellar-Headsegmentsgraduallyin length and diameter outwardly.
d.ecreasinggt"y.
Mesonotumshin_rbrgwnis\black, the lateral margins of the praescutum 1ryailp paler, the median area of the scutellum and the parescutellalikewise_pale. Pleura pale brownish yellow, a little variegatedwith vague darker & eas. Halteres short, yellow, the knobs biown,
Legs with the coxae and trochanters light yellow; femora brownish
yellow-, the _basal portions- clearer; tibiae brownish yellow, the tips
scarcely-d.arker; basitarsi brownish'Wings yellow, the tips and remainder bf
the tarsi brownish bl"r}.
with a strong biownish yellow sufiusion,tle baseand.colt_alregionsomewhatcleareiyellow ; stigma lacking;veins dark !,rown.- lenation,(x'ig. l7) : 8c ending about opposite onethfualthe leiigth oI \z+,s, 8c, no{ far irom its tip"; R2as..a^o-nly
gentlyabout
one-balf
Rs; e,ellfoI, confluent by the atrophy ot m;
arcuated.,Le27.l

C. P. Ar,nxrxonn Oilental,Iiputiilat.

rn-a, about two-thirdsits rengthbeforethe
forkv

opposite rn-at,.

rnrr'rrc'"-'#w:{:#:K'

207

of.Ms+e; cuzending

8p'nov'; wing'

Abdominal tergites dark brown,-the sternites pal9r.

Genitalsegment
enlarged;-valvesor
nearryrt*ignt,
ini
tip,
"ro1*
.Eab.-North-west9{no,1itor
India.
'w'este*- ^I*tqpe: 9, simla,-----" 6,00G"^S-lWas, starion r, artitude
7,009feet,A'gust september
rg25,
at right-ta. cmeii).

Parotopotype,Q.
some two yearsago Mr. Edwardswrote me that he was describing
a new.Phyllnlabi,sfrom the Himalayas,but to my knowluag.
;hi, hu,
not yet appearedS press. rt_ispossiblethat the aLoved.;i;d"rp.ci.,
will prove to be the sameand fall i"
synonymy, it i, *io oury
p_ossiblethat a considerablefau''a ofilgthe g."d, will_brqt
be found in the
Himalayan-Tibetan
w_hen
furthercollections
are made. In the
Tesoq
";i
far western mountainsof the united statesfour distio.i *p.Ji;'rhit
p@ilorabis_
have been discoveredand it is nilmy
,tiu
;;;i.
gjh"tj and Possiplyseveralotherswill be tooof;-tirur". rn, l"rt tn"tMr. Edwardsdid not mentionthe open cer fur, i" hi, ,p;;;;d.uces
me to risk the presentdescription.
Erioceraatrodorsalis,sp. nov.
Head and thoracic dorsum dun black; thoracic pleura brownish
yellow ; legs black, the femoral
orrto*ly "brg:l;- dl;;;il;,basescomparativelynarrow, the costal
marqin and ipex bl*rk6""J iLur a,present;abdomenshort,dark brown,lh, basal'half;i;ilil'tio,ttu
hyp-op1fum,and the basalsternitesyellowish.
(ale.-Length, ll mm.; FIS:
Ll.b mm.; abdomenalone,-black.
-lilrooghout,? mm.
Rost'r'm br:x1_
palpi
Antroo*_bracktlr
T-segmented,
the.flagellarg"aduauyl"-["iilugunq d-ecre_asing""adiameteroutwardly. Head dur black, the t".rT.* broJa.
Dorsum of thorax d*ll black, the plerua conspic"o"rry brownish
yellow,_thisincludingthe-prop_leura,dors^o-pleorui-"-brane and meso_"9!*l pleurotergite; smallltact markson tie sternopleuritean4 meron,$jgining- the Tid-c9xa ; a brown area immediately'b.i;; tn, iln.r..
Halteresbrownishblack, the basalportion of the ,t"* obscure*tto*.
b-la-ck,
with.
the
coxae
and-trochanters"f;;;;;;i#,lugu
rhefemoral basesr:lh*:yr::ytl
obscureyellow.
Joop"r"iirr"ty
Iiog,
narrow,thecostal",1d"pq

darkened; -.-ur"fu p;i;"y;iil*i;fr,:o3iq" the darkened
includingthe wing-base;"t." io.roduu;ft,7l"isr,--208

fumds oftheInilian1VIuseurn:--tVof,: XXfX,

especially outwardly, cells Rr, Rz: RU.an$ Ra being pul:t ,!1_own; allremaining veins narrowly seamed with brown; veins darker brown,
those inlhe yellowish b'asalarea more flavous. Venation (X'ig. l8) :Sc of moderate length only, Sc, ending shortly beyond the level of thefork of Rs, the exadt tip iil-defined, Sq a short distance from the end;
Rs long, about equal 6 n i h,+s+t a-Iittle shorter than &+g ;- Rr+-z
about t*ic. the basal sectionof R, ; r-rn a little lessthan its own length
beyond the fork of Rs ; inner end of cell /sl M, stron_glyarcuated;"ui| Mrpresent, shorter than its petiole; ftu-olt,near midlength of thelower fa6e of cell /sl M2, Ionger than the distal section of Cu't; vein
znd A straight.

Tnxt-rrc.

L8.-Eriocera atrdoraalds, sP. nov. ; wing.

Abilominal tergite one dark brown; tergite two with the basal half
light yellow, the losterior half and tergites three to six dark^Sren$
Uio*o, with the ci,udal and lateral margins narrowly but conspicuously
obscure yellow; tergites seven and eight similar but only the lateral
margins pale ; impreised areas on the posterior ring of tergite -two conspidous, separatddfrom one anoth"l by a d.istanceless than the lengthoi one; on the succeedingtergites these impressed&reasbecome moredifruse, on tergite six dar[-colored; lacking on tergites sevenand eigtrt;
basal sternite; yelow; sternites fi.ve to seven darker; hypo-pyg11m
reddish yellow. Abdomen relatively short, the segments_much wider
than long. Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a heavily chitinized bh]ckened to[, ""itiy straight, nanowed graduilly outwardly, thetip abruptly narrowed into a slender curved spine.
Eab.-South India.
Holotype,$, Marian Sholate.Vandaravu, Patni llills, altitude 7,000?,400feet, August 25, 1922(5.W. Kemp).
By Edward's key to the Olcl \Morfi speciesoL Eriooera (Ann. Map.
Nat. Hist, (9) vIIIipp- ?g-?81 l-921),tlepr-esent species.rursto.couplet
4!, disagreeing witfi-both of the includld species, ntgripmnfs Meij.
(Nias, Sumatra) and,sernilimpida Brun. (Assam).
Tribe Enroprnmnr.
Trentepohlia (Mongoma) choprai, sp. nov.
General coloration dark brown; antennae entirely dark ; legs clarkbrown, the tips of all the tibiae and the tarsi dirty white; wings SeI,
cells C and Sd a fittle darker ; ab<lomendark brown, the sternites a littlei'p/:- aler.
Mal'e.-Length abeut 5'ti--6 mm. ; *iog, 6'2-6'6 mm.
Femal,e.-Lengthabout 6'5-7 mm. ; *iog,6'8 mm.

re27.l

C. P. Ar,nxlxonn: Orimtnl Iipulidae.

209

Rostrumobscureyellowishbrown,the palpi brownishblack. Antennaebrownish-lt::I_Po_uqlout; flagbltiar^
segments
eJongare_oval.

Held dark ; anterior vertex veiy nu.row.
Mesonotum {ark brown, the- humeral region of the praescutum
o1Y ".ogugly paler;. median region of the rrlotum obscurJ jellow toy_ellowishbrown. Pleura shiny brown, a trifle paler than tlie notum.
Halteres dark brown.
.lgsr with the coxae ant trochanters b-*rr;
femora dark brown; tibiae
concolorous, the tips broadly *nilu"ua,
the amount sube.qu_al
on all the.legs and including app.o"i-"tuly thu
distal fi_fth; tarsi dirty qhjte, the terminal segmentsa little darker;
fore and middle femora with a row of short rpiiur at base; hind tibiae
vrith.? lglg black set_aat,tip, simulating a Jpine; basitarsi of middle
and hindlegs with a-basal depressiooroirooo^decl6y long dark-.otorua
setae. wings strongly t_i_"gudwith grey; cells c and ,5c darker, the.
stigmal rgFo-n verysmall; veins daikcoiored. Venation
1fig.-fSy ,Er*r-*r_ a little longer than Rs ; basal section of.R, at or rhortry'tefore
the fork of Rsaa; rn-qt,closeto the fork of.M.

Tnxr-rro.r9.-Trentaw&ia
iyffiy"t,sp.

nov.; wing.

Abdomen dark brown, the centresof the intermediate tergites somewha!_paler_qsternites paler ; hypopygium dark.
I/ab.-North-west India.
'westerngimal-1rps,st'ationr, altitude6,00G__ ^!!oPtypa,d, simla,
7,000.feet,
Augut-September
lg?5,at light (8. Chopra).
Allntopotype,Q.

66,2 ff, in jungle.
lg1atgnotvpes,5This interesting crane-fly is iamed in honor of the collector,
Dr.
B. N. lhopra, The occurrenceof this speciestogether with oJil..""r"".flies of undoubted Palaearcticaffinities is of unu"sualinterest.
Erioptera @mpeda)monosticta, sp. nov.
General coloration pale y9!-ow ;'abouta-legs.yith the femora dark, with
n3,rrow.p_al-ering -beyond_midlength; tiU;ae snowy_whit. wilil
the apical fourth darkened; wingJ nearly hyaline, ;"r^*n"t ; " ,irgi"
relatively small broro spot near the arcuius i s, Ioog, $, ;dilg*shortly
before the end of Rs, Sc, at its tip.
Femnl,e.-Lengthabout B.Tmm. ; wing, B.b mm.
Describedfrom a specimenpreservedin spirit.
General coloration of the entire
fale yellow, the head andlgdy-thep_ronot-umevgl paler. Antennae withscapal ,lg-u"i,d"rkurfhan the whitish flagellum. Eyes blapk.

-2|t---nwrkaftheM,ianMusa*m---IVor'-XXIX'Less broken; a single detachedleg i1 the vial, this pale brown,
subtertUul"T. ;i-thr f;ot" i"rtowly paler,irith e very n&rrow.pale
minal ring at near two-thirdsthe length-ojthe.lggment; setaeol-Iemora
fourth"l"G;;;iarkened ; tibiae pure snowi-*HF., witf,about the distal
darkened,the r.i"" roJotiti"g in cJlor with the region*\tl."o" located,
apex; tarsi pure whit'e, only the"" inr_ da-"rkened;"d;tq'.rp""i"ffydarkened.
segnrents
terminal-veins very-pale; a,single-t:tili::Y, small
Wilgt i""tff1y"fi"t,-theofbut conipicuousbrown spot at the arculirs,at the point .of forking.
vein Cu; a scarcelyevident small cloud at the end of 8c. Yenationa short distancebeforethe forkiF[ iO)', ,S, a""gitr, Sc, e.nilingjoly
Rr*t*n;l H";So, at th"'e*tr"*u qn oift_l; Rt ot,*oderate-lt"gtl i of cell
; 8i antl .drgrott"{y parallel; petiole
abouttwo-rhird;riC;
oneM, -oru than on"-huli thJ cel ; *'iu nearly transverse,about
haif its length beforethe fork of-M'

Tpxr-rrc.

Z}.-Erbptato(Empeda) monaslietn,Ep' nov' ; wing'

Hab.-Lsg&m.
3,500Holntype, (in alcohol) 9, Above Tura, Garo Hills, altitude
3,900feet' Ju!-August 1917(S.l7.Kemp'1.

Erioptera (Erioptera)paivai,sp. nov'
Mate.-Length about 2'8 mm' ;-ylng' a ry:
difieringeb;;;dly rifi"r 6'8.,(8.) "lbogiltnn Edw. (F'ormosa),
especiallyiri the genitaliccharacters'
pale' Head
Rostrum ""o'f"tpi dark brown. Antennal flagellum
pale reddishbrown, badly crumpled'dark brown. Halteres
Mesonotumd".[ greyishbr6wn, the -p,leu_radark ; trociantersp"f., inl tnobs " littlu"dutkened. lggt wi-ththe.cox&epareyellow, rhe terminal tarsal
d"r[;;; remainderof lJgs
-r"ith"" -rilir";;i;: lh" tips

5uffi"fridarkened.wiggs

a more yellowish,ground-the white spottedpatt'ernqq!..the same"tUogittq,tn,.but;;iil;;"
Wings a little broad'er
but with thu margioutrpot* somewhatJmaIIer.widened'tn. cellscorrespondingly*iiU"--l;e;-ro'M"L(Fig.21)with the outerdististylefiypopygiumd"tk.
-"t"""Lstrucf,ure,the apexmicroscoplcally(o) a somewhat itack"oua,pr* on mesarface with an acute erect lpine. Inner;iffil;f"r;-""r, sh'orterand more slender,strongly.9u1yed,the apex affiist,l;rpine ; at, about midlength of -the ttytu.with three tong erect;|-j[of ntrly the s&me.shape.asthe. inner dis;I. ;;7-do""polUyr.r
scabrousmuchioogutandinconspiouously
i,tJ;b but the *iilii'pof"tter; b;; u"^a"pui. Aedeagus(;) relatively inconspicuous,;;d;Ls27.l

C. P. Ar,nxr.rvonn:Orimtnl,Ii,putiilne.

ztilparaler decurved.blackehedpoints.
F*tt"gTn arboquttata
theouteril .t*q

dististvle
hasnospine,*hilr'th.il;; dir:;;tliu,;;;ffiffyr.,andaedeag,t*u.t -ti ;;;i;;;iy'Lr""gJ.airi" lilnoirr points.

jI

Trxr-rro. Zl._Erioptua (Erioptara) gniaai,
sp.
noy. ; f hypopygium.
-o:outerSymbols : a:aeflsegus ; b:basistyle;dististyle.

Hab.-India.

^rrf-!:'{:f6rfir3il,#,Easrern
rrimaravas,
artirude
2,000
reer,

This interesting$t-tle'fly is named in honor of the corlector,the rate
Mr. c. Paiva, who dia
so much to securethe materiars for
Brunetti,sdetailed studies.,
tnu u"iq"u typ; -ir; * poor condition,.lrthoyg!
there
is no question of the valiiity of the'speriu'r.
Erioptera (Baeoura) funebris, sp. nov.
General coloration of the body brownish black,the antennaeand
halteresdark brown; wings with"a r;;"g;.;;suffusion; abdomen
entirely brownishblack.
{alc. Length,-8.8-4 mm. ; dog, b.5 mm.
Xemaln.-fJngn about B.bmm. ; wing, b.l mm.
Head, rostrum and palpi brack. A"%;r;;"*itnrhe scape brack,
segments
dart

g;r3g:'ar

browp,ovar,i"-in. ;ui;- Jitl'".ioog",

Pronotum dark grey. Mesonotumdull. black,the scutellum s little
pale, the humeral iegion of theo-.ryrestrictedly-paler,_praescutum
dirtv brown. pleura

brack,*g".rry p*il"[;;"do;;;:pi;;j.:;""blackened,
a rittre variegateddtl iu""*.-y.u."** p"t"*thewing_root.
Halteresdarkbrown. Legswith thecoxaeandtrochantersa"rkE-no;remainderof regsbrowniJhy"lrow,_wiih;;"g*'.ergc! setae
as in thesubgenus.wings with a stiongbrownsufiuiion,with
streaks_cleareralongveinsM, Ms+randIst /; orio, d;*;;"..
M;;;;l;riiulotveins,and especiallythe costa,very long u"j J*rprcuons.
Venafion

- - -itZ- _==nkna&qiafu
ldie*41'usem;-J-\froL;*XIX,-(fig. 22o); Sc, ending shortly beyond the fork of the long straightRs, Sc, not far from its tip i Rz+sand basal section of.R, subequal;
rn-&t, at midlength oI Ms*1; vein znd A elongate,diverging fromIst A.

"
r^
i

a

6.

Trxr-rro. 22,-Erioptaro (fupurol funcbris, sp. no,'.

sym
bors
l; liHrj;u,'ll *,*,r*.
Abdomen entirely brownish black, including the hypopygium andovipositor. Male hypopygtum with the single dististyle (X'ig. 22b) as
figured. Ovipositor with short fleshy valvesas in the subgenus.
I/ob.-India.
Hohtype, J, Sureil, Mangpu, Darjiling District, Eastern lTimalayas,
eltitude 6,000feet, April-Muy 1917(S. W. Kem,p\.
Al,lnnpotype,Q,
Porarapotypes,266, one pinned with type.
E. (B.l funfiris difiers from n. @l distnnsBrun. in the larger size
and r'niformly darker coloration. The male of the latter specieshas
not been described,Bnrnetti's t;rye being a female and not a male, as
stated.
Ormosia takeuchii Alex.
weretaken at Otsu, nearKyoto, Japan, on October
A few specimens
9-10,1915,by the late Dr. Annandale. They wereassociatedin collec.
(Alex.),
tions with certain other JapaneseTipulidae,asDtmmui,amach'i,ilaiso (Alex.).
N ipponornyintrispirnso (Alex.) and,Pseudnlimnaphila,incnmrs
Molophilus kempi, sp. nov.
. :Brun. ; general
Belongsto.tne grrei,l,isglslrp ; allied tfr M.esso,m&nsrs
coloration of body, antennae,halteres and legsblaokish; wings tinged

re27.l

C. P. Ar,nXaivosh:Ofientol,Iip,Uiilne.

2r:iwith brown; vein z,nd a relativ-elyshort, epding
before the level of
rn-cu; male hvpopygrumwith rhe two.diriiriyr?,;;;h ,ilpl., both
blackeneduod icu-tJ"t tips.
_ Mal,e.-Length about-B.g mm. ; wing, 4.6 mm. ;--antennaabout
3.3mm.
Iemnle.-f,e$t\ u-bglt b mm. ; wing, b.6 mm.
Rostrtrm and-palpi black, the iatter"rulativeiy elongate.
Antennae.
(g) elong"lg, 6enc backward extending"u""[to didlengd-of the$abdomen,black throughout; flag_erJar_ffimt, .toog"tr-ilrf;rm,
with
abrurdant.long_erectsJtae. I{eat aarf g?"y.
Pronotum di*
a1lerior laierir pretergitesobscureorange.
ry_$,:lly ;Mesonotumd"tk, blackish*ith; ;;.t;^"rid."y, the.praescu-bud
Jb**uorange-spoton the humeralmargin, confluentwith theanteriorl"tur"l-pleurapretergites;_pseudosuturalfovJae' conspicuous,
blackened.
blackish. Halteres.relatively short, brofirish bi""k.- irgr-*iintn,coxae and trochanters bhc[; remaindu, of iugs brownisf,
ur""l, thefemoralbasesonly narrowlymorey.uoGril, tn" friaar" ruo'*"-ooilormly
darkened:
Itioqr with a_stroog6ro*" ,"-h.ri"q the veins and macrotriehiae darker
brown. venation: Rr+r, "l*f'ooe-third longerthan
rn-cu; basalsection.gJ shorr-bur'di.ti"ct.; ;;i;;t""T*r*,
Ip
aliglmg"tthM";
ce\M-,
m9.e,;h;;'twice
it*- f.li"r.; vein
Loog,in
I
Znil A relatively:ho$,ending rho*ly bJoi" the level'of.i-eu, thedistal fourth a liitre sinuous"o? d.flr.tla-rriglily toward
lst A.
Abdomenbrownish brack, includi-ng+h;.;ry;pygrum. Marehypoprsqum({ig. 23)with the basistyle(b)ieiaii#ry
r"ri., tnu"rolr"r r".u
producedinto a blunt fl,eshylobe; caudallaterai u"giu
iroao.La caudad
and slenderserifero* ,oa,-lhu .*tr.me
rip glabrous,
11o.,: :::I^
P"gobtuse; thegelt!'rsinuous,setaeare erect, coveringthe sriita8eof the
tod almostto the level of the tips of the dististyr",;"c"udo--.oi region

Tnxr-rrc. 2}.-Motaphihu kem2i,Bp.nov.
; J hypopygium.
Symbols: &:aodeagus; b:basietyle tioo"";
distislyle; o:outer dististyle.

producedcaudadinro_a small, finger-like,fl.eshylobe that*rB !::::tlte
pronded with long. unilateraily arranged setae.' outer dististyi;

214

Recoillsof the tqilian Museum,EYsl",t\IX,(o) a long slenderbalckenedhook, gradually narrowedto the long curved
blackenedapex. Inner dististyle (i) a little shorter, the baseflattened
and here with very sparsesetae,the distal third nanowedinto a gently
curved black spine,the outer margin just beforethe tip with microscopic
setulse. Aedeagus(a) elongate,yellow, the tip acute.
I/ab.-India.
Holotgpe,g, Sureil,Mangpu,Darjiling District, Easternllimdlayas,
altitude 5,000feet, April-May 1917(5. W. Kemp).
Al,Intnpotype,
J.
This
interesting
Molaphdlusis namedin honor of the collector,Dr. S.
'W.
Kemp, who, togetherwith Mrs. Kemp, has addedvery materiallyto our knowledgeof the Tipulidaeof India.

eor e 9.rrg!,.tr€--

15tE

',FF
iEg[ EHI TE
F:€ qi l i F $ $E' ,f E , FEE::; g - i F g ' t .g : F

sglri
T E S I ffirFrriFt
E
F
E
F
E
,
g
:
F
; , $F F T

FpFr3?

'EigtF
FFFe$$SFs;EFr
H: z
Fil$$f*F,d.H F

q
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
T
g
.
[
B
E*a
p

Rrc. INo. Mtrs.,Vor,. XXIX, 1927.

OnTnNTAL

Pr,arn XIII.