Japan-US Aviation Environmental Workshop
Fukutake Hall University of Tokyo
29 November 2017	
Keiichi Tamura
All Nippon Airways
B787 Technical Pilot, Dr. Eng.	

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Fundamentals of PBN(RNAV / RNP)

Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

Kinds of Navigation●Conventionalü Route consists of Navigation Radio Station(VOR, DME, NDB, ILS and etc)
●PBN (Performance Based Navigation)
ü RNAV or RNPü Route consists of waypoints, which are

independent from Navigation Radio Station

3

Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

Conventional vs. PBN

4

Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

5RNAV defined in PBN
RNP (Required Navigation Perf)

RNAV (Area Navigation)

Onboard perf. monitoring and alerting system
required

Onboard perf. monitoring andalerting system NOT required

En-Route•RNP4•RNP2Terminal•RNP1Approach

En-Route

Terminal•RNP
APCH•RNP ARAPCH•RNAV10•RNAV5•RNAV2•RNAV1Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

6RNAV defined in PBN①	 ③①	②	
RNP

RNAV

① Terminal

RNP 1

RNAV 1RNAV 2② En-Route

RNP 2
RNP 4

RNAV 5RNAV 10③ Approach

RNP APCHRNP AR APCH

N/AFundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

What is RNP XX / RNAV XX

XX NM	XX NM	For RNP APCH, XX = 0.3 NM
For RNP AR APCH, XX ≦ 0.3 NM	

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Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

What is “Onboard perf. monitoring andalerting system”
For example:•ANP: 95% Navigation AccuracyInofcase
FMS GPSPosition.
signal•XTK Error: Deviation from theinvalid...
intended route
FMS Position

True Position

The ANP increases andexceeds the RNP, thenMessage(Alert) is shownin cockpit.

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Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

9Conventional vs. PBN (Odate Noshiro)
From Tokyo	
RNP ARApproach

OdateNoshiro
Airport	CirclingApproachFundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

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Conventional vs. PBN (Saga)
SagaAirport	Yanagawa
City

Fundamentals of PBN (RNAV / RNP)

11

Summary of PBNlImproves Flight Efficiency
üShortest route results in less CO2 emission
and shorten flight timelImproves Flying RateüInstrument approach for runways withoutnavaids, which allows to land with worse
weather conditionslImproves Air Traffic Control
üSeparations between aircrafts can be
reduced, which results in increment of flights

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Fundamentals of GLS(GBAS Landing System)

Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

13	

Fundamentalsof GBAS
Kindsof Approach

13

Non-Precision

Precision

VOR
LOC / LDAILS (LOC, G/S)

Circling
RNAV / RNP
RNP AR

GLS (GBAS)

Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

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ILS (LOC, G/S)

Localizer	
Glide Slope	GLS (GBAS)

GPS	GBAS	Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

ILS (LOC, G/S)
SPD

179
240

LOC

SPD

179

4000

A/PILS

220

GLS (GBAS)

G/S

IKN/335
DME 6.8

15240

2200

G/S

4000

G34B/335
RW34R 6.8

A/P

GLS

2206LOC

2200
62200

10102000

12200

1160

101020202000

1900
809801800

1160101020201 800

61600
L

12WA2A
1540.9z
0.8 NM

GS185 TAS180
341 o/ 15186MAG

ADF R
PWT

ADF L
220.0

WA2A
1540.9z
0.8 NM
18A

TFC

GPS

29.92 IN

1510KBFI450

SEL HDG 132

21A

SEL HDG 132

1299L

21

ADF L
220.0

29.92 IN

TERR

TFC

61 600450

1510TERR

1406GS185 TAS180
341 o/ 15122140

12018 01900

91012018 010KBFIMAGGPSADF RPWT

Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

16	

Fundamentals
GBASRNP
to xLS of(ILSvs. GLS)

16l CAT-III vs. CAT-I

Currently, GLS is only available for
CAT-I (DH≧200ft, 550m≦RVR)
while ILS is available for
CAT-III (DH=0ft, 50m≦RVR＜175m)
ü In future, CAT-III GLS will be availableül Flexible Final ApproachüFinal approach course for GLS can beshorten than one for ILS, which contributes toestablishment of flexible approach course withRNP

Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

17	

FundamentalsGBASAR vs. GLS)
RNP
to xLS of(RNP17l Non-Precision vs. Precision

RNP AR approach is non-precision approach,and can’t be used for bad weather conditions
such as CAT-I(-II,-III)ü GLS is precision approach, and autoland isavailableül No special training required for xLSüRNP AR approach requires special
authorization, which needs flight crew training
with simulator every year. On the other hand,
GLS doesn’t require additional simulator
training

glide	  slope

Fundamentals of GLS (GBAS Landing System)

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Summary of GLSlSimilar to ILSüFlight crew procedures and cockpit indications
are almost identical to ILSlWaiting for CAT-II/III Operation
üCAT-I is available, but hope to implement
CAT-II/III operation in near futurelImproves Flying RateüRunways, that can’t equip ILS, may be able toequip GLS, which improves possibility oflanding in bad weather conditions