WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN VIETNAM
MR. NGUYEN MINH CUONG, DEPUTY DIRECTOR,DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY (ISD)
VIETNAM ENVIRONMENT ADMINISTRATION (VEA)

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CONTENT
Situation of industrial wastewater
management

Treatment Technological Needs

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Status of discharging
Industrial zones: Total wastewater is 450.000
m3/day/night, projected 600.000m3. Treatment
capacity: 630.000m3
Industrial complexes: 610/660 operatingcomplexes.
Craft villages: ~ 500 villages, no data of wastewater
discharging
3
Environmental Science Institute - ESI

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Status of treatment
Industrial zones: 75% of operating industrial zones(212/283) completed centralised wastewater treatment
system (treated 60% of total wastewater discharged by
212 industrial zones)
Industrial complexes: 5% of operating industrial
complexes have centralised wastewater treatment system
Craft villages: few have wastewater treatment systeminstalled
Environmental Science Institute - ESI

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Automatic monitoring system
Industrial zones: 38,6% of industrial zones haveautomatic monitoring system
Industrial complexes: No automatic monitoring
system installed
Craft villages: No automatic monitoring systeminstalled
Environmental Science Institute - ESI55SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

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SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT77

SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDSThis Regulation QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT provides forthe maximum values of pollution
parameters of industrial
wastewater being discharged intoreceiving waters. Consists of 2columns of limit values and 33parameters.
88SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS99SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENTINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS1010SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT2) INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STANDARDS: OTHER QCVN ON WWNo1234567Waste water quality standards
National Technical Regulation on waste water of ethanol fuelproduction
National Technical Regulation on Textile dyeing industrial
wastewater
National Technical Regulation on Paper and pulp industrial
wastewater
National Technical Regulation on seafood processing industrialwastewater
National Technical Regulation on natural rubber processing
industrial wastewater
National Technical Regulation on Steel processing industrial
wastewater
National Technical Regulation on medical wastewater

8 National Technical Regulation on petrol warehouse and stores
wastewater

NationalScience
TechnicalRegulation on offshore oil and gas works
9 Environmental
Institute - ESI

10 National Technical Regulation on the effluent from livestock

No of standards
QCVN 60MT:2015/BTNMTQCVN 13MT:2015/BTNMTQCVN 12MT:2015/BTNMTQCVN 11MT:2015/BTNMTQCVN 01MT:2015/BTNMT
QCVN
52:2013/BTNMT
QCVN
28:2010/BTNMT
QCVN
29:2010/BTNMT
QCVN
1135:2010/BTNMTQCVN 62- 11
MT:2016/BTNMTTREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
1. Wastewater treatment technology dealing with low
C/N ratio in the incoming wastewater flow

 92% OF WW CONVEYED BY USE OF COMBINEDSEWERAGE SYSTEMS (CSS) CHALLENGES: LOW INFLUENT BOD (31 – 135 mg/l: Range of annual
average flows, vs. 50 mg/l – NATIONAL CLASS “B”
STANDARD FOR EFFLUENT BOD)

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
2. Removal of organic matters from surface water- Coagulation – Flocculation – Sedimentation –Rapid sand filtration is a conventional watertreatment technology.
- Conventional treatment process can remove 3050% of organics. Powered activated carbon,
Granular activated carbon seem not suitable interms of cost. Biological carbon filtration (BCF) pretreatment does not give good results.
- Inexpensive technology for retrofitting/upgrading existing treatment plant is needed.
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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
3. Equipment to control incoming wastewater lowfeatures for CETPs- Operator of CETP required factories to treat their ownwastewater to avoid overloading of CETP treatment
processes.
- Number of CETPs is facing problem of shock loading ofhazards. Failure of CETP operation leads to damage ofsystem, exceeding effluent standard limit, and possible
fines.
- On-line monitoring of wastewater flows discharged fromfactories seems expensive.
- Adequate control measures are needed.
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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
4. Technology for decentralized wastewater treatment
with small foot-print reactor and shallow reaction zone
Decentralized wastewater treatment stations built for hospitals,
hotels, apartments, commercial points in urban areas and resorts
Installed in the basement or ground floor of the building.
Limited foot print, and limited height of floor (around 2.4-2.8m).

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
6. Technology to improve treatment performance of existing
biological CETPs receiving non-degradable substances in incomingflowsNon-degradable or slowly
degradable substances appearing inincoming wastewater flows from suchindustries as printing ink, traditional
medicine materials, cosmetics, paperand pulp, textile, etc.
Chemically enhanced clarification Biological treatment processes?
Measures to remove those
substances before, during or after
biological treatment steps are needed
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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
7. Pre-treatment of organic fractions of municipal
waste, industrial waste and agro-waste before
anaerobic digester for biogas recovery
Pre-treat of waste fractions to convert them into
easily degradable substrates before anaerobic
digestion.
Various materials, forms, sizes, shapes, andcharacteristics of different wastes make their pretreatment processes like separation, sorting, chopping,maceration, etc. difficult

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
8. Energy efficient technology for sludge dewateringfrom water treatment plants- Conventional methods for sludge treatment aresludge thickening in a gravity thickener, followed by
dewatering in sludge drying beds, or mechanicaldewatering in machines such as centrifuge, filter press,belt press, etc.
- Energy efficient sludge dewatering technology isneeded in most of water treatment plants in Vietnam
treating both ground and surface waters

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TREATMENT TECHNOLOGICAL NEEDS
9. TREATMENT OFSLUDGE GENERATED FROMCOMBINED SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM DREGDED SLUDGE FROM SEWERAGE AND
DRAINAGE NETWORK SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM WWTP
 Dumping is a most common method.
 Composting Anaerobic Digestion

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