Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP

Water Environment andWastewater Managementin Cambodia
Participants:
1. H.E HENG Rathpiseth

Director General of Public Works_MPWT

2. Mr. CHAO Sopheak Phibal

Director, Sewerage Management and Construction Dept_MPWT

3. Mr. LIM Say

Deputy Director, Water Quality Management Dept_MOE

December13, 2017, Yangon
City, Myanmar
Venue: Function Room5: (1st Floor,
Melia Yangoon,
Myanmar)
Chairperson: Dr. Taku Fujiwara, Prof. Kochi University

Dec 13 ,2017 @ Yangoon, Myanmar

Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaPI.

Country & Ministry Information

II. Current Issues
III. Future Challenges & Actions
IV. Opinion on Draft Action Items of
AWaP
V. Other Ideas & Expectations for theContact Address:
Ministry of Public Works and Transport
Norodom Blvd, Corner of Street 106
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Tel. (+855) 23 427 845/(+855) 12 877 866
E-mail: info@mpwt.gov.kh / rathpiseth_heng@yahoo.com/ phibal@gmail.com
Website:
WWW.mpwt.gov.kh/
https://www.facebook.com/mpwt.gov.kh/

Actions of AWaP2

I. COUNTRY & MINISTRY INFORMATION
Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy. The present King,
His Majesty NORODOM SIHAMONI,
acceded to the throne on 29th October 2004.
Coordinates : 13°00′N 105°00′E
Area
Ranked 90th
Total
: 181,035 km2
Land: 97.50%
Water: 2.50%
Coastline: 443 kmBorders: 2,530 km
Laos: 555 kmThailand : 817 km
Vietnam : 1,158 km
Highest point Phnom Aural : 1,810 m
Lowest point Gulf of Thailand : 0 m
Longest river Mekong river : 486 km
Largest lake Tonlé Sap: 16,000 km2
Capital City (01): Phnom Penh
(Population: 1.9 millions)
Total Provinces: 24
Total Districts: 165
Total Communes: 1,646
Annual Growth Rate
: 7.0% (2011-2016)
GDP per capita (2015): 1,215 USD
Nominal GDP (2015): 18,078 Mil.USD

Lao

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia
3Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP
I. COUNTRY & MINISTRY INFORMATIONa) Mission and Function of MPWTThe Ministry of Public Works and Transport, MPWT is decreed by theRoyal
Government of Cambodia to Lead and Manage the Public Works and Transport
Sector in The Kingdom of Cambodia.
Manage the Implementation of National Policy Concerning all Public Works
Construction by Establishing the Principles of Laws and Cooperate with Various
Organizations to Develop the Country.
Build, maintain manage all the transportation infrastructure such as roads, bridges,
ports.
Establish the regulations for the development of the roads, ports, railways and waterway
infrastructure. Establish the regulations and control the transport by road,railway
and waterway.
Participate and cooperate to establish laws, regulations, standard concerning theconstruction of Transport infrastructure.
Realize the other constructions that the Royal Government entrusts to it,
Cooperate with the Secretariat of Civil Aviation concerning all airport construction4
works. Please access to this LINK http://www.mpwt.gov.kh for more info.

I. COUNTRY & MINISTRY INFORMATIONb) MPWT Organization Chart 2017

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Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP
I. COUNTRY & MINISTRY INFORMATIONc) Sewerage Management and Construction Department,
SMCD Organizational StructureManage, monitor, control & evaluate wastewater treatment infrastructure/facilities
Prepare regulation, policies, strategies and development plan for wastewater treatment system
Develop annual plan for wastewater treatment system, rehabilitation, construction, repair andmaintenance and connection etc
Drainage and Sewerage Design and Planning for Sewerage Budgeting
6
Cross-provincial wastewater development
Public Private Partnership, PPPCountry Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaPII. Current Issues
Decades-old drainage system combined and most of open
drains are seriously clog
No sewerage and drainage sector master plan for the towns orcountry,
No WWTP/STP, Majority of wastewater is managed by on-site
system, Septic Tank
Limited land availability in urban area
Low awareness of hygiene and sanitation in community
Polluted water sources from wastewater/waste
Low efficient quality from on-site system
The present situation of sewerage and drainage is alarming,
flooding during the raining season, climate resilience andrequires urgent intervention to address the issues
A further deterioration is expected through rapid town
development, land use & zoning development and the basic
infrastructures (flood protection, water flow regulation system,
town center drain, diver channel…)
Not adequate human resources, empowerment and financial
resources for O&M and management of the sewer system.
7

Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaPII. Current Issues, Con’t
Technical Aspects• Deterioration of water quality (Influent BOD5, Max.200300mg/L, Effluent CODMin Max. 18mg/L), Standard CODMin
8mg/L• Lack of Septage Management (No Septage Disposal Site Yet)
Organizational and Institutional Aspects• Strengthening of implementation bodies responsible for sewage
management• Determination of scope of works for central and provincial
government• Securing technical level and human resources for sewage
management• Insufficient managing and monitoring of industrial wastewater• Lack of Guideline for Sewage Management in Large Scale
Development Area
Financial Aspects

STP @ Sihanoukville Province• Insufficient fund
• Establishment of autonomous sewerage authority• Collaboration with PPWSA (Water Supply Authorities)
8Concepts of Wastewater Management in Cambodia
1) Geographical Relief2) Treats to Wetland in Cambodia
3) The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve

4) The Coastal Zone
5) Development Plan
6) Target Plan

9Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP

Concept Sewerage Management (Reuse-Recycle-Treatment-Discharge)
Geographical Relief
The water network in Cambodia is divided into threesystems: The Mekong River system, the Tonle Sap Lakesystem and the Coastal Zone. The hydrological systems arecentral to life in Cambodia and Phnom Penh itself is locatedon the confluence of three important rivers; the Mekong,
the Tonle Sab and the Bassac.
The Tonle Sap System includes the Tonle Sap Lake, theTonle Sap River and their Tributaries. The Tonle Sap Lakeis the greatest source of fish in Cambodia and as a result
experiences the greatest population density as many people
rely on the lake as a form of income.
Treats to Wetlands in Cambodia
Point source of pollution to wetlands comes from industry
and urban sewerage. Regardless of the relatively small
amount of raw sewerage, its direct discharge into theenvironment without primary treatment raises concerns
over pollution loads in associated waters.

The Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve
Biosphere Reserves (BR) are areas of terrestrial coastal
ecosystems

promotingsolutionstoreconciletheconservation of biodiversity which it’s sustainable use. They
are intended to fulfill three basic functions including
conservation, development and logistic function. The Tonle
Sap Lake was designated a Biosphere Reserve upon approval
for its inclusion in the World Network of Biosphere Reservesby the International Coordinating Council for UNESCO’s
Man and Biosphere (MAB) reserve programmed in 1997.
The designation reflects the importance of the Tonle Sap
Lake ecosystem for its ecological function and forsupporting

socio-economic
10

development

maintenance of associated cultural values.

and

the

Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP

Concept Sewerage Management (Centralized vs Decentralized)
The Coastal Zone
The coastal zone (CZ) of Cambodia extends for
435km and consists of estuaries, bays and 64 islandsof various sizes. Most of the coastal population isconcentrated in Sihanoukville where urban services
and employment opportunities are available and in
Kampot, where good soil conditions and access towater enables rice culture. Cambodia does not yet acomplement of coastal and marine environmental
policies. As development pressures are rapidly
mounting there is an urgent need for safeguards to be
put in place that will allow economic development
while ensuring the sustained quality of coastal andmarine environments and the resources they provide.

Development Plan
1. Development strategy which contributes to the regional
development and poverty reduction. The long term plan todevelop the Multiple Economic Development Zones.
2. The priority wastewater management plan: Short term
plan: Sihanoukville and Siem Reap Town; Medium term
plan: Kampot, Kep, Poipet, Battambang, Bavet, Pursat,
Serei Sophon and Stueng Saen Town; Long term plan:
Phnom Penh City, Takhmao Town and some other towns
along the Mekong River and around the Tonle Sap Lake.
Target Plan
1. The National Program outlines priorities and projects foreach sector of the economy. Regarding the physicalinfrastructure, one main priority is said to be linking of thethree designated growth poles Phnom Penh, Coastal Zone
and Siem Reap. The CZ is a priority not only tourism andalso for industrial development, while the areas around11
Kampot and Sihanoukville
Town will be target for thewastewater management as a priority.

*TOOLS to Achieve the Wastewater Management*
1) National Strategic Development Plan,
NSDP 2014-2018
2) City Development Strategy, CDS
3) Rectangular Strategy Phase-III, the 5th Mandateof Govt, 2013-2018
4) Encourage PPP Scheme5) Sub-decree on Sewerage System and Wastewater
Treatment Plant Management
6) Work Programs with DPs
127) Master Plan and Guidelines

Relevant Environmental Laws and Regulations in Cambodia

Title

Objectives

Provisions

1993 Royal Decree on
Creation and
Designation ofProtected Areas

Protect the environment, manage natural
resources, conserve biological diversity
and ensure sustainable development in
the national system of protected areas.

Prescribes the responsibility for the national
protected areas system, which includes planning,development, and management; designation ofnational parks, wildlife sanctuaries, protected
landscape, and multiple use areas; amendment andapplication.

1996 Law on
Environmental
Protection andNatural Resource
Management

Protect, manage and enhance theenvironment, and to promotesocioeconomic development in asustainable way.

National and regional environmental plans;
environmental impact assessment; natural resourcesmanagement; environmental protection; monitoring,record-keeping and inspection; public participation
and access to information; environmental
endowment fund; and penalties.

1997 Sub-Decree
No. 57 on the
Organization
and Functioningof the Ministryof Environment

Supervise and manage the environment throughout
the Kingdom of Cambodia. In particular:
protect and promote environmental quality andpublic health through the prevention, reduction andcontrol of pollution; assess the environmental impactof all proposed projects prior to the issuance of adecision by the Royal Government; ensure therational and sustainable conservation, development,
management and use of the natural resources of theKingdom of Cambodia; encourage and enable thepublic to participate in environmental protection andnatural resources management; suppress acts thatcause harm to the environment.

A National Environmental Plan and Regional
Environmental Plans are required to be decided by
the Royal Government and reviewed and revised
once every five years.
Planning and management of protected areas,
supervision and coordination of protection andconservation of the environment are theresponsibility of the Dept. of Nature Conservation
and Protection.
Provincial department of environment is under the
direct control of the Ministry of Environment,
responsible for the supervision and management ofenvironment in its province/municipality.

1999 Sub-Decree No.
27 on Water Pollution
Control

Determine water pollution in order to prevent andmitigate water pollution in public waters, and thus
ensures human health and conservation of
biodiversity.

Prescribe disposal of waste and hazardous substance,
permit of effluent, pollution control, and proceduresof inspection; the standards of discharge/disposal ofwaste.

Relevant Environmental Laws and Regulations in Cambodia
Determine environmental impact assessment
1999 Subon private and public projects andDecree No.
activities, which are reviewed and
72 onassessed by the Ministry of Environment
Environme
before the Royal Government’s approval;
ntal Impact
determine type and size of proposed,
Assessment
existing projects and activities of bothprivate and public sectors which are
subjected to EIA; promote public
participation in EIA process and public
hearings in the process of projectapproval.

Prescribes institutions’ responsibility;
EIA requirements for proposed
project, procedures for the process ofreview and assessment of proposed
projects, and existing activities, andterms of project approval.
Note subsequent 2000 Prakas on
Guidelines for Conducting EIA
Report.

1999 SubDecree on
Solid
Waste
Manageme
nt

Regulate solid waste management toensure the protection of humanhealth and the conservation of
biodiversity.

Applies to all activities relating to the disposal,
storage, collection, transport, recycling,
dumping of garbage and hazardous waste,
and includes household waste
management, hazardous waste
management and monitoring andinspection of hazardous waste
management.

2007,29 June Water
Resources
Management
Law inKingdom of
Cambodia

For managing and monitor the useof Water Resources on Land,
under ground and in the
Climate.

Applies to all activities relating withwater resources in Cambodia.

ROLE AND FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERTREATMENTKey
Ministries

Key
Schemes

Ministry of
Economic and Finance- Allocating budgets- Environmental planning ; monitoringof effluent discharged to waterways / water drains- Involve in Master plans

Ministry ofEnvironment
Ministry of
Pubic Works andTransport- Developing scientific national policy concerning all public works
construction- Master plan.

Ministry ofInterior andmunicipalities- Involve in Master plans.
- Operation and maintenance wastewater treatment system

Multilaterals
involved in
Sanitation,
Wastewaterin Cambodia

Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaP
1

14

Potential STP
Built in these
Priority Towns
132

1.Poipet
2.Serei Sophorn
3.Battambang town
4.Sihanoukville
5.Kampot
6.Kep town
7.Phnom Penh
8.Takmao
9.Bavet10.Kampong Chhnang
11.Stung Sen
12.Kratie
13.Pursat
14.Siem Reap

12

3

11

4
10

5

6

7

8

16

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Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaPIII. Future Challenges & Actions
Establishment of legislation laws, policies, standards, specification, guidelines anddrawings for wastewater and sewerage system management institutions for theempowerment/ enforcement, capacity building and resources mobilization
Develop master plan for the wastewater management & related basic infrastructure ofeach urban area and towns throughout the country is urgently required
Raising Public Awareness and Educate People about wastewater and sewer system
Institutional Capacity Building and Strengthening Collaboration
Promote wastewater treatments to achieve the CMDGs by 2025 & SDGs by 2030
Challenge for financial supports
Encouragement of Private Sector Participation
Achieve the Work Programs and Implement the MOC & MOU with Partners
Develop wastewater management system
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Cambodian Strategy and Goals(Water Supply & Sanitation) by 2025 & 2030

18

IV. Opinion on Draft Action
Items of AWaP
Support the Actions
Fill the Gap and Achieve
the SDGs Target by 2030
Mainstreaming
Wastewater Management
E-GovernanceCollaborative Projects…
V.

Other Ideas &Expectations for the
Actions of AWaP
Information Sharing &Networking ThroughMeetings, Seminars,
Conference & Workshop
Expand and Strengthen
Networking
Opportunities
Joint Research andStudies
Knowledge &Technology Transfer
Provide Practical
Knowledge and Know
How ThroughInformation PlatformIV. Opinion on Draft Action
Items of AWaP
Support the Actions
Fill the Gap and Achieve
the SDGs Target by 2030
Mainstreaming
Wastewater Management
E-GovernanceCollaborative Projects…
V.

Other Ideas &Expectations for the
Actions of AWaP
Information Sharing &Networking ThroughMeetings, Seminars,
Conference & Workshop
Expand and Strengthen
Networking
Opportunities
Joint Research andStudies
Knowledge &Technology Transfer
Provide Practical
Knowledge and Know
How ThroughInformation Platform

Country Presentation:
Part 3: Establishment of the Asia Wastewater Management Partnership, AWaPTHANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!
Welcome to<<One of the World Heritage in Cambodia>>, the Angkor Wat Temple.

Gateway for Tourists'
Destination & Homestay
International Event Spots
WWTP
Fresh air
Plenty of Water sources
Relax, Holidays
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World Heritage…

Q&A
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