Now&Future2023
The 5th Research and Development 20 for
Clean Energy Technologies

October 4th–6th,2023

CONTENTS
Preface
What is RD20?・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １
What is Now & Future?・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ １“Leaders Statement” and Leaders Recommendations・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ ２

1. Messages・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ ４

2. Technical Session(1) Program・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 14

3. Leaders Session(1) Program・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 19

4. Summaries of RD20 Members' Institutes - R&D Activities and Collaboration(1) Argentina (INTI)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 76(2) Australia (CSIRO)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 84(3) Brazil Universidate Federal de Santa Maria INRI - Instituto de Redes Inteligentes・・・ 93(4) Canada (NRC)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 95(5) China (DICP)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 116
・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 124(6) EU（JRC）(7) France (CNRS)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 131(8) France (CEA)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 146(9) Germany (Fh-ISE)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 156(10) India (TERI)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 170(11) Italy (ENEA)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 175(12) Mexico (CINVESTAV)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 205
・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 210(13) Republic of Korea（KIER）
・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 222(14) Republic of South Africa（CSIR）
・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 234(15) Republic of Türkiye（MAM）
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 247(16) UK（UKERC）
・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 261(17) USA（NREL）

(18) Japan (NIMS)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 282(19) Japan (RIKEN)・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 291(20) Japan (AIST)・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 298

PrefacenWhat is RD20?: Research and Development 20 for Clean Energy
Technologies
Climate change is an issue that the whole world must urgently confront together. We
must realize worldwide carbon neutrality as soon as possible to achieve the targets laidout in the Paris Agreement.
However, the economic and geographical circumstances are different from country tocountry. In order to promote effective emissions mitigation, it is then essential toaccelerate the transitions of each country based on their diverse circumstances, byutilizing a wide range of technologies and energy sources, rather than adopting a uniform
approach. In addition to transitioning through various pathways, we must create
innovations that are not simple extensions of conventional technologies and engage with
developing countries to realize decarbonization.
G20 members, which account for a major portion of the global CO2 emissions, areexpected to lead the innovative research for promoting energy transitions. In particular,
leading R&D institutes of G20 members, which carry out cutting-edge research on clean
energy, could play a significant role in maximizing global potential of innovation by
developing research alliances among the members, thereby accelerating international
collaborations including joint R&D activities.
In these circumstances, launched in 2019, Research and Development 20 for Clean
Energy Technologies (RD20) is an international initiative aimed at accelerating
innovation by strengthening collaboration among leading research institutes from G20
countries and regions that pursue world-leading technological development towardachieving carbon neutrality. RD20 offers participants opportunities to share the researchand development efforts, experiences, best practices, and ideas relating to clean energy
technologies in their respective countries and regions, as well as to explore possibilities
for international collaboration among leading research institutes. It has also helped todeepen and evolve new partnerships among industry, academia, and government
stakeholders.

nWhat is Now & Future?
The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) compiled
the activity summary and project information of each RD20 members, as well as thepresentation materials of Leaders Session and Technical Session, as “Now & Future”.
We hope that it will be utilized for creating and promoting new international collaboration1

based on the framework of RD20.

n“Leaders Statement” and “Leaders Recommendations”
At the 3rd RD20 in 2021, the leaders of RD20 member institutes shared the urgency tosignificantly increase international collaboration of Research and Development to
mitigateclimatechange.

“Leaders

Statement”

summarizes

suchcommonunderstandings of the necessity to develop future technologies.

In order to actionize the Leaders Statement, the leaders discussed specific actions forfurther collaboration and adopted recommendations at the 4th RD20 in 2022. The“Leaders Recommendations” contains general information such as the role and venueof RD20 as well as specific collaboration areas like summer schools.

2

01
MessagesMessages

Kazuchika Iwata
State Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I am State Minister of Economy, Trade, andIndustry, Kazuchika Iwata. It is a great pleasure to co-host today, the 5th RD20 Leaders
Session as part of Tokyo GX Week. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all
the research institutions from various countries and regions who have participated in thisevent.
As we did last year, the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry is holding Tokyo GX
Week, a series of 10 international conferences on energy and environment from September
25th with the aim of realizing green transformation, a shift to a clean energy centeredeconomy, society and, industrial structure that will lead to decarbonization and economic
growth and development. RD20 will be the last main event of this year’s Tokyo GX Week.
The Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry is working to achieve carbon neutrality by
2050 through innovations such as next generation solar cells and hydrogen. To this end,
two bills, the GX Promotion Law and the GX Decarbonized Power Source Law wereenacted this year to accelerate domestic efforts to achieve this goal. This will allow thegovernment to issue GX economic transition bonds for the first time. The first transition
bonds by the government will be issued in the amount of ¥20 trillion. In order to provide
investment support, we will first work toward issuing ¥1.6 trillion worth of bonds within
this fiscal year to bring forward the social implementation of new technologies.
Specifically, we will strongly promote GX by promoting energy conservation, developing
floating offshore wind power, and perovskite solar cells, and developing innovativetechnologies for hydrogen reduction steel making, aiming for public-private investment ofover ¥150 trillion over the next 10 years. We will also introduce so-called “growthoriented carbon pricing,” in which the more a company engages in GX, the less burden it
will bear as a result.

4In order to realize the GX, it is important for each country to conduct activities such aspolicy and mechanism development, as well as create innovation through research anddevelopment etc., to achieve the common goal of net-zero emissions under various path,according to each energy situation. In delving into these ideas further, it is very importantto organize a Leaders Session at RD20, where leaders of research and development
organizations from G20 countries gather together to discuss specifically various methods
pertaining to international cooperation to create technological innovations for
decarbonization.
The previous four meetings were held in Tokyo, but this time around, the meeting is heldin Fukushima. Fukushima is home to the National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), and the
Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field, called FH2R in short, both of which areresearch centers for renewable energies. It is very significant that RD20 is held in
Fukushima, the pioneer of renewable energy in Japan, where such renewable energy
research institutes are located. We also hope that you will be able to see the current
situation in the earthquake-stricken areas such as Fukushima, which has steadily recoveredfrom the disaster, and deepen your understanding of the efforts and thoughts of the people
affected by the disaster once again.
At the fourth meeting last year, we discussed the expansion of RD20 activities, and as a
specific action plan to significantly strengthen international cooperation, we heard that the
Leaders Recommendation was formulated and that RD20 activities will be conducted
throughout the year. Specifically, we were told that the plan includes implementation ofsummer school to foster young human resources, and the holding of workshops, and theuse of task forces to further share information and knowledge.
This year’s event was held as a year-round activity and was related to solar-power
generating and hydrogen. The main goal of this year’s RD20 is to report on the results of
the activities of the task force on international collaboration, the summer school, andinternational workshop, which discussed the technologies and systems necessary for themass introduction of hydrogen, and to discuss ways to further strengthen international
cooperation while formulating concrete measures for the further realization of the Leaders
Recommendation toward GX.
It is difficult for a single country to promote innovation and accelerate social
implementation related to clean energy. Therefore, it is vital to promote international
cooperation. By further accelerating the full-year activities of the RD20, which aim torealize enhanced international collaboration, we expect the RD20 to play an important role
as a forearm for serving global scale issues.

5By hosting RD20 here in Fukushima, we hope to further boost the development of
renewable energy technologies in this region, which will in turn lead to the reconstructionof the industry. I will join you in taking challenges toward green transformation.
I would like to thank you all for your significant contributions and sincerely hope thattoday’s meeting will produce great results.
Thank you very much for your kind attention.

6

Messages

Taro Yamada
Parliamentary Vice-Minister at the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

I am Yamada Taro, Parliamentary Vice-Minister at the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT. On behalf of MEXT, one of
the conference co-sponsors, I wish to extend our congratulations on the holdingof this RD20 Conference, where the leaders of research organizations
representing the G20 members and regions are gathering to discuss climatechange issues.
The seriousness of global warming has dramatically increased in recent years,
becoming one of the international community’s greatest issues. In order toachieve carbon neutrality, it is essential for industry, academia, and governments
worldwide to harness their power to create innovation through research anddevelopment.
Today the top officials of research organizations from around the world aremeeting to discuss the creation of innovative approaches to decarbonization. We
expect that this conference will further advance international collaboration
among research organizations.
MEXT is supporting fundamental research and development at the National
Research and Development Agencies and universities for innovative green
transformation technologies in collaboration with the efforts of industry.

7

Specifically, MEXT will support R&D in cutting-edge green transformation
technologies such as for battery, hydrogen storage, biomanufacturing,semiconductors, and so on, towards the achieving of a carbon neutral future by
2050, a goal set by the Japanese Government.
I wish to thank all of you for your tremendous contributions and to express mysincere hope that this conference will promote greater international collaboration.
Thank you.

8

Messages
Kentaro Asahi
Parliamentary Vice-Minister of the Environment

Greetings everyone. My name is ASAHI Kentaro, Parliamentary Vice-Minister of theEnvironment, Japan.
This year, we hold RD20 in Fukushima, which pioneers renewable energy in Japan.
We are very pleased to host this event here as the Ministry of the Environment, whichis in charge of environmental recovery from the Fukushima nuclear power plant
accident is also making efforts to promote renewable energy in the prefecture.
Japan presided at the G7 Ministers' Meeting on Climate, Energy and Environment in
Sapporo this year. We shared recognition of the importance of realizing net-zero,
circular economies and nature-positive economies in an integrated manner. We also
reaffirmed at the G7 Summit that “while Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine
impacts energy markets and supply chains globally, our goal to achieve net-zerogreenhouse gas emissions by 2050 at the latest remains unchanged.”In yesterday's Technical Session, the application of hydrogen technologies, effective
utilization of CO2, and environmental impact assessment of photovoltaic power
plants were discussed. The Ministry of the Environment in Japan is carrying out
various initiatives related to these themes, some examples of which I will introduce
here.
With regard to hydrogen, a verification project is taking place in Namie Town,
- 1 -

9

Fukushima Prefecture, where the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field
supplies hydrogen produced using renewable energy to various facilities in the town,
serving as a model of local production for local consumption.
With regard to effective utilization of CO2, we are working on establishingtechnologies and building models for a decarbonized, circular society, for example
through a project verifying the production of chemical materials using CO2 emitted
from waste treatment facilities.
With regard to environmental impact assessment of photovoltaic power plants, weoperate a reliable EIA system to ensure that appropriate consideration is given to theenvironment when introducing large-scale photovoltaic power plants, which can havea concerning environmental impact. On the other hand, as further diffusion ofrenewable energy is necessary to achieve net-zero, local governments - under Act on
Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures and in consultation with thecommunity - have established zones promoting the introduction of renewable energy,
and are encouraging the use of renewable energy projects that give due consideration
to the environment and contribute to the community.
Through initiatives like these, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan is also
committed to contributing to net-zero. I would like to conclude my remarks byexpressing my hope that various initiatives and good practices will be brought
together for discussion at this RD20, and that they lead the world towards net zerofrom a technical perspective. Thank you very much.

- 2 10Messages

Kazuhiko Ishimura

RD20 Chair (President and CEO of AIST)To all distinguished guests, RD20 delegates and participants, it is my greathonor and pleasure to welcome all of you to the 5th RD20 Leaders Session.
I am grateful to all RD20 delegates, here in person, for coming to Fukushima.
Fukushima Prefecture is very important for Japan as the center of ourrenewable energy activities.
I also thank the online participants for joining us. It may be early morning or
the middle of the night for some of you. I believe all our collective efforts
and passion shall lead to the realization of a carbon neutral society.
As you know, RD20 is an initiative by leading research institutes of G20
countries. Our mission is to realize a carbon-neutral society throughinternational collaboration on clean energy technologies. This is our 5th
annual conference.
The first was in 2019, when we welcomed delegates from 24 institutes toTokyo. The following two conferences were held online due to the pandemic.
The key achievement of the 3rd conference was the Leaders Statement. Thissummarized our shared understanding regarding the urgency to achievecarbon neutrality.

11

Last year, in the 4th RD20, I was pleased that many delegates were able toparticipate in-person in Tokyo, where we created the Leaders
Recommendations. We summarized our commitment to the LeadersStatement, as well as our efforts to work with other international initiatives.
The Recommendations also identify specific actions to expand RD20
activities. Examples are summer school, knowledge sharing, workshops,
taskforces and researcher exchanges.
The purpose of the 5th RD20 is to confirm the progress of items in the Leaders
Recommendations. Also, we aim to discuss further specific actions toenhance international collaboration. Finally, we will share our conclusions
with the world.
The structure of the 5th RD20 is as follows.
The conference began yesterday with Technical Sessions with plenary
lectures from Fraunhofer, NREL, CSIRO, JRC and ANL. This was followedby talks on hydrogen, solar power energy, and carbon capture and utilization,
our three technology areas. The day concluded with Wrap-up Sessions tocreate new collaboration areas as Taskforce activities.
The Leaders Session today addresses general and strategic viewpoints
regarding international collaboration. This session includes a Round Table
Discussion to facilitate deep debate among members.
I hope this conference and the Leaders Session today will be fruitful for all,and that international collaboration will advance further toward achievingcarbon neutrality. Carbon neutrality is not just a cost, but a powerful driverfor sustainable growth in the next generation.
Thank you.

12

02
Technical Session

The 5th RD20 Conference
Conference of leading research institutes from G20 members
focusing on clean energy technologies
Date: October 4–6, 2023
Venue：Hotel Hamatsu (3-18 Toramaru-cho, Koriyama-City, Fukushima Pref.)(https://www.hotel-hamatsu.co.jp/ )Organizer: AIST (The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology）
Co-organizers:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)

Launched in 2019, the RD20 is a framework for international research and development aiming tostrengthen international collaboration and promote innovation by leading research institutes in G20
countries and regions that develop the world’s most advanced technologies for achieving carbon neutrality.
RD20 provides opportunities for participants to exchange R&D activities, experiences, and best practices
related to clean energy technologies across countries and regions, as well as to explore the potential forinternational joint research. It also serves to deepen and develop new partnerships among relevant
industry, academia, and government stakeholders.
The 5th RD20 conference will be held in Fukushima, the site of Japan's renewable energy frontier.
Several international actions, including task forces on PV and hydrogen, summer school in France, and
the Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop have been already launched. Leaders and experts of the institutes from
G20 members will gather to accelerate collaboration and release the outcome all over the world.
Session

Date

Time (in Japan)

Technical Session

Oct. 4

8:50 – 18:00

On-site and online

Leaders Session

Oct. 58:00 – 17:00

On-site and online

Panel Exhibition

Oct. 4–5

10:00 – 18:00

On-siteSite Visit

Oct. 6

8:30 – 17:00*Invitation-only event

14

AttendanceTechnical Session, 4th Wed October – On- site and Online
Contents

Time

Plenary Session(open)
Theme: High-level talk that frames one of the technical sessions
Moderator: Dr. William Tumas (NREL, US)

8:50-9:00

Introduction: RD20 goals, recommendations, progress, future plans
Dr. Haruhiko Obara (AIST, Japan)

Global perspective of H2, challenges/opportunities, applications of H2
9:00-9:25

for decarbonization of energy sectors
Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling (Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)

Large-scale PV deployment, challenges and opportunities
9:25-9:50(TW workshop overview and other concepts), bringing circularity to PV
Dr. Silvana Ovaitt (NREL, US)

CCUS challenge/opportunities/perspectives and opportunity for integration concepts,
9:50-10:15

include value proposition
Dr. Dietmar Tourbier (CSIRO, Australia)

10:15-10:45

Panel Discussion among the speakers

10:45-11:00

Coffee Break

11:00-11:15

Activity Report of PV Task Group (TG1-1)
Dr. Harald Muellejans (JRC, EU)

Presentation from the task forces (make the task force important
11:15-11:30-short talks from task force leader) H2 LCA
Dr. Amgad Elgowainy (ANL, US)

11:30-12:00

Panel discussion on RD20 collaborations, status and future
Advisory Board Members

15

12:00-13:30

13:30-13:55

Lunch BreakTS 1:
Applications and impacts of H2 fordecarbonization of energy sectors
and for power to X

TS 2:
LCA and environmental
impacts on large-scale
deployment of PV

TS 3:
CCU - with a focus on CCU
value proposition andintegration themes

Moderator
Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)

Moderator
Dr. Christian Thiel(JRC, EU)

Moderator
Dr. Dietmar Tourbier(CSIRO, Australia)

Overview –Decarbonization
by Sectors

Overview

Opportunities and Challenges
for Integrating CO2 Capture
and Conversion

Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)
13:55-14:20

Outbrief from Gigaton H2
Workshop

Dr. Bryan Pivovar(NREL, US)
14:20-14:45

14:45-15:10

Prof. Dr. Michio Kondo(Waseda University&AIST, Japan)
Environmental assessment oflarge-scale photovoltaic
deployment

Dr. Myriam Merad(CNRS-Paris Dauphine,
France)Dr. Joshua Schaidle(NREL, US)
Levelized cost of CO2
abatement (LCCA) framework
for Carbon Capture andUtilization (CCU)- Case studies and applications
for R&D and policy gaps.
Dr. Farid Bensebaa(NRC, Canada)

Reversible Solid Oxide Cells:
A Flexible Energy Device for
Both Power Generation andHydrogen Production(* NEDO Program)Chemical risk assessment on
photovoltaic (PV) panel

High-Temperature Solar
Thermal Usage for
Thermochemical Carbon
Dioxide Splitting and Its
Application to CCU(* NEDO Program)

Dr. Kazunari Sasaki(Kyushu University, Japan)

Dr. Kyoko Ono(AIST, Japan)

Dr. Koji Matsubara(Niigata University, Japan)

Current Status of Green
Ammonia Production andUtilization Researchin South Korea

Environmental assessment
due to high penetration of PV

An overview of the CSIR’s
research on biogenic carbon
capture and utilisation to lowcarbon, sustainable hydrogen

Dr. Hyung Chul Yoon
(KIER, Korea)

Prof. Dr. Leandro Michels(UFSM, Brazil)

Mr. Zama Duma
(CSIR, South Africa)

16

Contents

Time
15:10-15:35

15:35-16:00

16:00-16:25

The multivector integrated
India solar missions andsmart systems, microgrids and impacts as well as aspects ofhydrogen valley at ENEA, forlarge-scale PV deployment
accelerating the energy
transition
Dr. Giorgio Graditi(ENEA, Italy)

Dr. Anil Kottantharayil(IITB, India)

Dr. Florian Nestler(Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)

Decarbonizing Shipping
Industries

Overview of the potential andchallenges for Agrivoltaics

CCU technology for the
production of e-fuels ande-chemicals

Dr. Vibha Dhawan(TERI, India)

Ms. Anatoli Chatzipanagi(JRC, EU)

Dr. Dong Hyun Chun
(KIER, Korea)

Techno-economic prefeasibility French-Japanese International
analysis for zero-carbon
Collaboration in R&D of Next
maritime fuel at 2
Generation Solar Cells
South African ports
and Beyond(* NEDO Program)
Mr. Thomas Roos
(CSIR, South Africa)

Dr. Takaya Kubo
(The University of Tokyo,
Japan)

Materials for an effective
desfossilization

Prof. Dr. Joan Ramón
Morante Lleonart(IREC, Spain)(online)

Coffee Break

16:25-17:00
17:00-18:00

CCU in the Context ofHydrogen Storage andSynthetic Fuels

TS1: Wrap-up session(closed)TS2: Wrap-up session(closed)TS3: Wrap-up session(closed)Panel discussion—focus oninternational collaboration
opportunities, RD20 future
actions

Panel discussion—focus oninternational collaboration
opportunities, RD20 future
actions

Panel discussion—focus oninternational collaboration
opportunities, RD20 future
actions

Summary of potential
recommendations/actions
Speakers and leader

Summary of potential
recommendations/actions
Speakers and leader

Summary of potential
recommendations/actions
Speakers and leader* NEDO Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy Technologies Through International Collaboration

As of 29th Sept17

03
Leaders Session

Afternoon session: Open to public

MC: Ms. Yamada (AIST)

Hours

Item

14:00

Welcome address (METI, MOE, MEXT, F-REI)

14:10

Opening remarks from Chair (Mr. Ishimura)

14:15

Plenary lectures

14:15
14:45

1) Dr. Akira Yoshino (AIST, Japan) “ET Revolution:
Perspective towards a 2050 Zero-emission Society”
2) Dr. Eleanor Webster（Mission Innovation, UK）

15:15

3) Mr. Markus Exenberger and Mr. Timo Bollerhey(H2Global, Germany)

15:35

4) Dr. Akiko Iimura (NEDO, Japan) “NEDO’s Contribution
to Addressing Climate Change Issues ThroughInternational Collaboration”

15:45

RD20 Summer school: general report, presentation of"RD20 Early Career Researchers’ Declaration" (Dr. LefebreJoud)

16:00

Break

16:20

Overview of RD20 Task Forces

16:20

Reports of TS and wrap-up session in 5th RD20, Future topics
for collaboration (Dr. Obara)

16:30

LCA H2 Task force (Dr. Amgad Elgowainy)

16:40

PV Task force (Dr. Harald Muellejans)

16:50

WS…Report of Gigaton H2 workshop, next steps, future plan
(TBD)

17:00

Round Table Discussion: Chaired by Dr. Keller
Summary of morning discussion followed by Open
discussion on
1) Future meeting venues2) enhancing collaborations and furthering the RD20 value
proposition
3) recommendations for next year including researcher
exchange4) Key points for summary statement from Leaders

17:45

Closing remarks (Dr. Keller)

19

- Recommendations- Key elements for Leaders summary
18:00

Adjournment

18:30 Networking session at Hotel Hamatsu
JPN

USA

GER

AUS
FRA
IDN
IND
RSA
EU
BRA
CAN
GBR
KOR
MEX

AIST
RIKEN
NIMS
Waseda (Kondo)
Asahi Kasei
Chemours
ENEOS
Furukawa Electric
Hioki E.E.
Hitachi Zosen
KHI
Kobe steel
Mizuho R&T
NEDO
Sumitomo Corp.
Technova
IEEJ
TEPCO
Toray
Toshiba
Yamanashi Univ.
NREL
ANL
INL
Fh-ISE
Federal Ministry
Schaeffler AG
CSIRO
CEA
CNRS
BRIN
TERI
CSIR
JRC
UFSM
NRC
NZTC
KIER
Cinvestav

19
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
9
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
4
1

JPN
USA
GER
AUS
FRA
IDN
IND
RSA
EU
BRA
CAN
GBR
KOR
MEX
SAU
TUR
Total

20

43
11
4
1
3
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
5
1
84

President & CEO

ISHIMURA Kazuhiko,

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Mr. ISHIMURA Kazuhiko is currently President &CEO of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST).

He received his Master’s degree from the Universityof Tokyo in 1979, and that same year joined Asahi
Glass Co., Ltd., now known as “AGC Inc.”

He began his career at the company’s Kansai plant,

where he engaged in the design,development andmaintenance of equipment for glass production.

Following his tenure as President of a subsidiarycompany specializing in liquid crystal glass, he served as General Manager of theElectronics & Energy General Division at Asahi Glass Co.

In 2008, Mr. Ishimura was appointed President and COO of Asahi Glass Co. He

served as Chairman and Representative Director from 2015, and was appointed as

Chairman and Director in 2018. In 2020, he assumed his position both as Directorof AGC, and President of AIST. And he was appointed as CEO of AIST, in 2021.

In his tenure as Director of the Asahi Glass Foundation, Mr. Ishimura contributed

to the administration of the Blue Planet Prize, awarded to the outstanding
individuals or organizations whose work has contributed significantly to theimprovement of the global environment.

In 2017, Mr. Ishimura was awarded the “Order of the Crown” by the Kingdom of
Belgium for contributions to the nation’s economy and industries.

21

Argentina
National Institute of Industrial Technology
Energy & Mobility Deputy Management

5th Research & Development 20
For Clean Energy Technologies
October | 2023

Key Actions & Outcomes
Enhance RD20 Institutions Cooperation

22

Value proposition for RD20

MUCHASGRACIAS
THANK
Eng. Liliana Molina Tirado23

5th RD20 Leader’s Session
5th October 2023

ET Revolution:
Perspective towards a 2050
Zero-emission Society
Dr. YOSHINO Akira
Fellow and Director of Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR),
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)2019 Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry

Overview of the Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR)
Establishment• 29th January 2020

Purpose• To conduct basic research related to environmental innovation aiming at
creating innovations needed to strengthening measures to reduce CO2
emissions, in accordance with the Japanese government’s “Environment
Innovation Strategy”

Philosophy• Developing basic science and industrial technology and realizing theEnvironment and Energy Technology (ET) Revolution to solve theproblem of global climate change

Backgrounds• October 2019: The former Prime Minister ABE Shinzo statement toinauguration of an international joint research base for zero emission
technologies at the Green Innovation Summit• January 2020: Dr. YOSHINO Akira appointed as the Director of the Center

242

Development history of LIB and IT revolution
Number of patent applications/year

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

Environment & Energy Technology
ET revolution

Information Technology
IT revolution

LIB research beganCompletion ofpresent LIB principle

MarketgrowthCommercialization

1,000

1980
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
1990
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
2000
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11

0

Global Zero Emission Research Center

25

3

The Future World in the Movie
・Harmonization of Autonomous Driving and Ride Sharing→ AIEV, Robo-Taxi
・Maximize the use of renewable electricity by using Lithium
Ion Batteries (LIBs) mounted on EVs

626

Trends in Solar PV and BEV Deployment Linked• Integrating solar PV andbattery electric vehicles(BEVs), whose deployment
trends overlap, is worth
pursuing.

Source:• PV installation capacity: IEA
Snapshot of Global PV Markets- 2023, IEA PVPS
• EV battery capacity figured as
two-hour battery. Data of LIB
sales capacity from B3 Corp.
Report.

8

BMW, Ford and Honda Agree to Create ChargeScape,a New Company Focused on Optimizing Electric
Vehicle Grid Services• ChargeScape will aim to unlock the full potential of electric vehicle (EV)technology through conveniently managed energy services never before
possible with gasoline-powered vehicles – benefiting EV customers, electricutilities and automakers.
• BMW Group, Ford and Honda will leverage years of cross-industry researcharound the Open Vehicle-Grid Integration Platform (OVGIP) to create a single
platform that will seamlessly connect electric utilities, automakers and theirinterested EV customers to manage energy usage for a broad pool of EVs.
• ChargeScape will aim to provide EV customers financial benefits through EVenabled grid services, as well as reduce EV customers' personal carbon
footprints while supporting grid resiliency.
HONDA CORPORATE NEWS, September 12, 2023

27

9

The Key to Expanding Renewable Electricity• Expanding the use of renewable electricity requires an energy storage
system• The condition is “Without new investment, Without additional cost”.
• LIBs on EVs can contribute to this key.
• However, there is another significant issue to consider, which is“Inertia”.

1028

Importance of advanced inverters to improve grid flexibility
Smarter inverters with battery for eliminating the mismatch between demand and supply.
Advanced inverters with battery for eliminating frequency drop in case of accidental falure in grid.
Fluctuations in electricity supply
with variable renewables

Advanced inverters
Frequency(Hz)

Accidents
High inertia

Electricity Demand

Low inertia

Time variation of frequency during accident

12

Importance of advanced inverters to improve grid flexibility
Traditional Grid

Modernized Grid
advanced inverters

Grid

Grid

Synchronous
Generator

Inverterfor DER

29

Non-synchronous
Generator

13

Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)

30

YOSHINO Akira
Director, Global Zero Emission Research Center(GZR), National Institute of Advanced Industrial
Science and Technology (AIST)
Dr. Yoshino, a native of Japan, was born on
January 30, 1948, and earned a B.S. and M.S.
in engineering from the Department ofPetroleum Chemistry at Kyoto University in 1970
and 1972, respectively. In 1972, he joined theresearch organization of Asahi Kasei Corp. in
Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, where he engaged in research on functional polymers
and electronic materials. In 1981, he started a research effort on high-energy-density
secondary batteries. In 1985, he invented a new battery system of C/LiCoO2, which
would become known as the lithium-ion battery (LIB). He also developed a range ofbasic technologies required to make the LIB practical, such as methods to fabricate
electrodes using metal foil current collectors, microporous separators made ofpolyethylene, carbonate-based electrolytes, safety devices, and charging methods. In
1992 he moved to A&T Battery Corp., a joint venture between Asahi Kasei and Toshibafor commercial LIB manufacture. In 1996, he returned to Asahi Kasei and continued
further LIB research. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He iscurrently a director of the Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), AIST.

31

Introduction to Mission
Innovation

What Mission Innovation does
A Forum for
Innovation Leaders

Launch Global
Missions

Build pathways
to deployment

Enhanceconfidence in net
zero solutions

We will be an actionorientated forum forgovernment leaders
who set out nationalinnovation pathways
and commit topioneer clean energy
solutions domesticallyand internationally.

We will launch missions
that catalyse global
action behind ambitious
and inspirationalinnovation goals that canlead to tipping points inthe cost and scale ofclean energy solutions,leading to more rapid
technology adoption.

We will work in active
partnerships with theprivate sector andother initiatives toboost demand for new
solutions and explore
ground-breaking
public-private
investments.

We will strengthen the
global analysis ofinnovation progress
and facilitate
knowledge sharing
and collaboration to
support all countries toplan ambitious clean
energy transitions.

32

MI members & Collaborators
Mission Innovation is a global initiative of 23 countries and theEuropean Commission (on behalf of the European Union)

33

Mission Innovation has sevencollaborating organisations

Missions
CarbonDioxideRemovalClean
Hydrogen
MissionGreen
PoweredFutureIntegrated
Biorefineries

Net-Zero
Industries

Urban
Transitions

ZeroEmission
Shipping

Clean Hydrogen Mission
Co-Leads: Australia, Chile, European Union, United
Kingdom, United States
Members: Austria, Canada, China, Germany, India, Italy,
Republic of Korea, Morocco, Norway, Saudi Arabia
Mission will focus on three areas to achieve the goal:

1. Stimulating Research, Development and Innovation
2. Integration of Production, Storage, Distribution and
End-Use Applications in Hydrogen Valleys

3. Preparing the Ground for the Scale-Up of theHydrogen Economy

34

Goal: increase the costcompetitiveness of cleanhydrogen by reducing
end-to-end costs to atipping point of 2 USD/kg
by 2030

Innovation Platform
To enhance global confidence in emerging net zero solutions, the Innovation Platform provides a suiteof activities to strengthen the global innovation ecosystem and maximise the impact of innovation

investments.

We provide access to key
and robust INSIGHTS to

track innovation progress
and accelerate learning
on innovation policy.

We work with theWe catalyse

COLLABORATION byinvestment community toidentifying key R&D needs

towards the market.

exchanging knowledge,
and convening funders.

ACCELERATE solutions

Questions?
E:
W:

35

www.mission-innovation.net

Missions

CarbonDioxideRemovalClean
Hydrogen
MissionEnable Carbon

To increase the

GreenPoweredFutureTo demonstrate

Integrated
Biorefineries

Develop and

Net-Zero
Industries

Catalyse the

Urban
Transitions

By 2030, deliver at

ZeroEmission
Shipping

For ships

Dioxide Removal
technologies tocostcompetitivenessthat by 2030 powersystems in different

demonstrate
innovative solutions

development anddemonstration ofleast 50 large-scale,integrated

capable ofrunning on zero-

reduction of 100

hydrogen byclimates are able tocommercialization ofsolutions for the

projects in urban

make up at leastachieve a netof cleangeographies andmillion metrictons of CO2 per

reducing endto-end costs toeffectively integrate
up to 100% variable

2030.

kilogram byin their generation

year globally by

USD 2 per2030.

renewable energies
mix and maintain acost-efficient,secure and resilientsystem.

to accelerate thecost competitive

demonstration

integrated
biorefineries, with aefficient
decarbonization ofenvironments
around the world,

10% of fossil-basedenergy intensive

pathway for allmaterials with bio-worldwide by 2030.

target of replacing

fuels, chemicals andbased alternatives by
2030

36

hard to abate
industries

providing acities to adopt netzero carbon
solutions as thedefault option.

emission fuels to
5% of the global
deep-sea fleet
by 2030.

Dr. Eleanor Webster
Head of the Mission Innova7on Secretariat, Misson Innova7on, UK
Eleanor Webster has been the Head of the Mission Innova5on Secretariat since October 2022.
She has worked in climate change strategy for a variety of organisa5ons, in NGOs, academia andgovernment.
Eleanor is passionate about iden5fying opportuni5es and delivering solu5ons to tackle climatechange.
In her previous role as Head of Interna5onal Climate Science, her team covered UNFCCC and IPCC
work.

37

NEDO’s Contribution to Addressing
Climate Change Issues ThroughInternational Collaboration
Leaders Session, RD20
October 5, 2023
IIMURA Akiko
Executive Director,
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO), Japan

1

What is NEDO and its Missions?
Technology Strategy CenterTwo basic missions:

1. Addressing energy and global environmental problems
2. Enhancing industrial technology

FY2023 Budget: 1.1B USD

1000 companies/500 universities participating
100 projects underway domestically and internationally38

2For a Sustainable Society

Technology Strategy Center

Recent technological advances,
social environment changes

Technological advancement of energy
systems, such as AI and blockchain

Contribution to SDGs,
expansion of ESG investment

Progress of sharing economy

Prohibition of sale of ICE cars, mobility,
electrification

Ocean plastic pollution

CCU, CCS, EOR
ReduceReuse
RecycleCell-based material production
Cellulose nanofibers
Bioplastics
Biofuels
Biomass power generation

AI・IoT

Marine biodegradable plastics
Hydrogen reduction
ironmaking
Hydrogen-fueled
power generation
Energy management
Power electronics
Fuel cells
Batteries

Photovoltaic power generation
Wind power generation
Ocean energy
Geothermal power generation

3 Essential Social Systems
・Circular economy
・Bioeconomy
・Sustainable energy

Copyright NEDO

Technology Development Fields

3

Technology Strategy Center

Covers a wide range of technology fields that are necessary for the future
Industrial Fields

Energy and Environmental Fields
New energy

Clean coaltechnologies

Electronics, informationand telecommunication

New
manufacturing
technology

Energy conservation

Rechargeable batteries
and energy systems

Materials and nanotechnology

Globalwarming
mitigation
Environment andresource conservation

Support forinternational
expansion

Crossover andperipheral fields

Robotics

439

Addressing Energy andProject Achievements Global Environmental Problems

Technology Strategy Center

Fukushima Hydrogen Energy
Research Field (FH2R)

Barge-type floating offshore windturbine system demonstrator

Demonstration of a three-phasecoaxial superconducting cable

Tomakomai CCS
demonstration facilities

Project Achievements

5Enhancing

Industrial Technology

Technology Strategy Center

LSI prototype with efficient AI processing
Resin compound materials using
for smartphones and robotics
plant-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNF)

An industrial pulse laser device
with the world’s highest output

Demonstration of a delivery service
in a residential area
40

6

R&D Program for Promoting Innovative Energy and Environment
Technologies Through International Collaboration

Technology Strategy Center

Program Outline
The aim of this program is to develop and strengtheninternational joint research and development between Japanand other countries in order to create new and innovative
energy and environment technologies.

7

Promoting International R&D for Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies

Technology Strategy Center

NEDO has started a program to develop and strengthen international joint researchand development between Japan and other countries in order to create new andinnovative clean energy technologies.
Next-Generation Polylactate
from Biomass-Derived
Sugars (Finland: VTT)

Collaboration with 15
countries, 43 institutes
and universities

Solar Concentrating Reactor
for Carbon Dioxide
Decomposition (USA:
University of Colorado)

Solid Oxide
Reversible
Electrolyzer Cells(USA: MIT)

Multi-Junction Solar Cells (France:
CNRS, Bordeaux University)（テーマ例）

Innovative Thermoelectric
Devices and Advanced
Evaluation Technology (France:
CNRS, CEA, Germany: DLR,
Korea: KERI）

Metal-free Redox Flow
Battery (Italy: CNR-ITAE)

41

Innovative heat resistant materials(Advanced Ceramic Matrix
Composites) for aircraft engines(USA: University of California, UK:
University of Birmingham)

8

Summary

Technology Strategy Center• International collaboration is crucial to accelerating innovation to address

global climate change issues.
• NEDO will continue to promote international research and development
collaboration at the levels of academia (university and institute) and industry.
In addition, NEDO will accelerate international collaboration through global
network platforms, such as RD20 and ICEF, to meet social needs andachieve the sustainable development of our society.

Thank you for your attention.

http://www.nedo.go.jp/english/index.html

42Date: October 1, 2023

Akiko Iimura
Education
Doctor of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2018
Master of Arts, Law and Diplomacy, Fletcher School, Tufts University, 2001
Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 1993
Service Career
October 2023–present: Executive Director, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
July 2023–September 2023: Special Advisor, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
July 2021-July 2023: Director General, Technology Strategy Center, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
August 2019-June 2021: Professor and Head, Research Strategy Department, University Research Administration Center,
Tokyo University of Science
July 2018-July 2019: Counsellor, National Cyber Security Center, Cabinet Secretariat
July 2016-July 2018: Director, Industry-University Collaboration Office, METI
July 2014-June 2018: Director for Defense Industry, METI
July 2013-July 2014: Director of Technology Evaluation Office and Technology Research and Information Office, METI
April 1994: Joined in Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI, currently Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry; METI)
OutlineAfter joining the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI, currently Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry;
METI) in 1994, she worked on the global environment issue and international energy policy, including the Kyoto Protocol
negotiations at COP3 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the stabilization of
the international oil market after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States. In recent years, she has been widely involvedin science, technology, and innovation policy, such as strategy planning and evaluation for national R&D projects,
promotion of university startups, industry-academia-government collaboration, STEM human resource development,enhancement of research integrity and sensitive technology management.

43

French vision for RD20
Dr Stéphane SARRADE - CEA
Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI - CNRS

French vision for the Value proposition of RD20
• Major value proposition and originality of RD20:• Gathering top level academic and RTO institutions from G20 countries• Offering unique capability to build an international researcher community with common
culture, shared metrics and ability to collectively defined scientific and technical priorities
for reaching carbon neutrality,• Constituting a unique forum for preparing tomorrow’s scientists and decision makers with
common vision for energy transition
Action: Drafting RD20’ white papers that contains comprehensive/concise information andprospective on advanced technologies, social and environmental impacts, regulation’ needs…
The RD20’ white papers should be shared with G20 members and beyond.

Dr Stéphane SARRADE - CEA & Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI - CNRS

44

French vison of key actions and outcomes
expected from RD20
• Early significant & relevant achievements:• Several tasks forces successfully completed suchas H2 Gigaton Workshop, H2 LCSA review or
RD20 International Summer School 2023
• All actions already well aligned with theobjective to build an international knowledge
community sharing same vocabulary, metrics,
and analysis tools

Dr Stéphane SARRADE - CEA & Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI - CNRS

French vison of key actions and outcomes
expected from RD20
• How can we collectively strengthen / amplify existing actions and initiate additional
impacting ones?
• Pursuing task forces and workshops on key topics• Pursuing annual RD20 summer school• Encouraging researcher exchange: creation of an award for supporting around 5
mobility's each year
• Identifying all tools offered by academic and RTO institutions for international
collaborations and highlighting open positions for researchers’ mobilities (posting themon the RD20 website, with contacts)• Giving more visibility to these actions & achievements for increasing attractiveness andamplifying participation: contribution to major international event linked to climatechange such as “COP”

Dr Stéphane SARRADE - CEA & Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI - CNRS

45

RD20 Summer School 2023
• Topic: “Towards decarbonization of energy systems”• Location: Prapoutel – Grenoble area (France)• Duration: 6 days 2023 July 2 – 7• Program:− Overview presentation− Topical lectures (40’+ 15’ Q&A)
− Poster pitches (1 slide – 1’)− Posters sessions (evening)− Lab Tours (3 spots to visit)− Team working towards recommendation messages

Ambition of the Summer School• Gather early career researchers and experts in the field of Decarbonization ofEnergy Systems• Promote exchanges and discussions among all participants;• Contribute to build a network of international experts, including young researchers• Set and share a common vision on decarbonized energy solutions46

Program

The attendeesF
18 (36%)M
32 (64%)
Breakdown by gender

47

The Speakers
Mathilde Huismann - IEA
Philippe Gilbert - IFPEN
Anthony Burell - NREL
Sébastien Rosini - CEA
Eniya Listiani Dewi - BRIN
Anne Bouter - JRC
Hiroshi Kikusato - AIST

1. Energy cartography and perspectives
2. PV: from material to modules and grid connexion
3. Wind energy: development and deployment
4. Biomass and bio energies
5. Energy storage & batteries
6. H2 energy vector - production, transport & storage
7. H2 energy vector - conversion, use & safety
8. CCUS9. Decarbonation of industry
10.Raw materials for energy transition
11.LCA and carbon footprint calculations
12.Decarbonation and society (SHS)
13.Energy grids - Smart grids - EMS and Power electronics
14.Industry of clean energies – economical perspective

48

Nancy Haegel - NREL
Nicolae Scarlat - JRC
Julie Mougin - CEABill Tumas - NREL
Olivier Vidal -UGA
Myriam Merad - CNRSColin Nolden – Univ Bristol

Recommendation from Early Career Researchers
attending the 1st RD20 summer School

From a technological perspective, three priorities highlighted:
To ensure large-scale deployment of low-carbon technologies while avoiding critical resource, supply andenvironmental issues
è more investment in research and innovation for the development of innovative, cost-effective technologies using
eco-design and environment-friendly manufacturing and recycling processes.
To limit fossil fuels consumption and related greenhouse gases emissions in many economic sectors,èadopt a carbon capture, utilization, and storage framework (CCUS) associated with massive production ofrenewable energies and reducing agents (for example hydrogen) to convert or store CO2 in valuable materials andchemicals to create a circular carbon economy.
To meet society decarbonization goals while limiting soil and water contamination, and other environmental impacts
è monitoring and minimizing impacts of waste production, transportation, treatment and utilization, including
fostering local utilization and conversion of waste into low carbon footprint products.

Recommendation from Early Career Researchers
attending the 1st RD20 summer School

From societal perspectives:
Emphasis was given to energy sobriety and sustainability that should become part of ourcommon culture and to education that constitutes a main lever towards this objective:
Implementing a fair and efficient energy transition requires public awareness and acceptanceè drastically increasing education and outreach to decision makers and the general public on topics suchas climate change impacts, the role for innovation and the clean energy transition and the need formore environmental protection,
è developing and making easily available an “Energy and Sustainability Literacy” explaining information
sources, reformulating problems and adapting presentation layouts for various ages and cultures.

49

Recommendation from Early Career Researchers
attending the 1st RD20 summer School

From policy perspectives:
To promote a “Just Energy Transition” or a “World Inclusive Climate Transition” and overcoming the numerous
barriers existing such as differences between local policy frameworks or restricted movement of people, goods
and services,è G20 should promote a global energy justice and inclusion based on transparency, collective responsibility
and common actionable regulatory frameworks.
To facilitate accurate decision making,è develop and share at the international level:* an agreed and common set of parameters and methodologies for evaluating energy and technology
systems by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and energy payback time;* a large access to Harmonized or Universal Footprint Indicators incorporating greenhouse gas emissions,fossil carbon content and other indicators like land and water use or toxicity.

Recommendation from Early Career Researchers
attending the 1st RD20 summer School

From policy perspectives (2):A coordinated effort to make a global carbon trading system is mandatory to provide an economic environment
which incentivizes decarbonization. Such a system will only be effective so long as there is participation by large
carbon intensive economies. For ease of adoption, it could rely on an existing, well-respected infrastructure, whichmost countries already subscribe to, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Recommendations’ document

à to be publicly available on the RD20 Website
à to be shared with the RD20 partners
à to be forwarded to relevant decision makers / ministry50

Stephane Sarrade, Ph.D.
CEA - Energy Division - Direction of Energy Programs

Stephane Sarrade was graduated as food science and biotechnology Engineer in 1989. He got is
Ph. D in 1994 in Chemical Engineering applied to Supercritical fluids and Membranes processes.
He joined CEA in 1995 and was successively head of laboratory (1998), head of service (2004)
and head of department (2009) within the Nuclear Energy Division (DEN) of CEA. He managed
R & D programs in Chemical Engineering applied to decommissioning, decontamination,
reprocessing and nuclear wastes management.
Since 2020, Stephane Sarrade is director of the Energy Programs Direction port, a strategic
direction of the Energy Division (DES) within CEA, dedicated to low carbon energy R & D
programs (Nuclear and Renewable Energies). More than 2,200 CEA engineers / researchers andtechnicians are involved at CEA in this field with an annual research budget of around € 400
million.
He is also since 2011 research director of CEA in Chemical Engineering and Green Chemistry. In
parallel, he was chairman of the French Membranes Club (2000-2009) and he is since 2006
President of Supercritical Fluids Innovation (IFS), a non-profit organization devoted to green
processes. He is co-founder of a startup created in 2014, Inovalor, applied to new processes forhazardous waste management.

51

Message for RD20
In a technical and political point of view, RD20 is a unique forum and opportunity gathering
relevant R&D organisations from all over the world and recognized scientists sharing a common
ambition for the protection of our planet and the mitigation of global warming.
Our common goal, on all 5 continents, is to develop appropriate and industrially deployable
technological solutions to respond to the emergency of climate change.
As such, the RD20 aims to enable the exchanges necessary to accelerate our agenda and tocreate a community capable of uniting in the face of the challenge of net zero 2050.
My modest contribution is to carry this huge ambition and share what on the French side wehave put in place within this framework. My objective is also to learn from the experiences ofother countries, which each time have developed adaptation strategies. So, together we can act
with a tangible and permanent impact

52

Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI, PhD
CNRS Deputy Research Director
Head of Energy unit of CNRS
Coordinator of the National R&D program on low carbon Hydrogen
CNRS : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Paris, France

1984 Ph.D. University Louis Pasteur , Strasbourg
1984 - 1996 Physics and Application of Semiconductors laboratory (PHASE); Strasbourg
1996 Habilitation diploma, University of Strasbourg
1996 - 2000 Institute of Solid State and Electronics (InESS), Strasbourg2013 – Institute of Engineering, Computing and photonics (ICube), Strasbourg2017 - Deputy Research Director in charge of Energy at the National Scientific ResearchCentre, CNRS-HQ, Paris
2021 – Scientific director of National Program on low carbon hydrogen

Abdelilah SLAOUI is presently Deputy Research Director in charge of Energy at the
National Scientific Research Centre, CNRS-HQ, in Paris.; Scientific director of National
R&D Program on low carbon hydrogen
He received his PhD in 1984 on laser crystallisation of implanted silicon at Laboratoire
PHASE (CNRS) for optolecetronic devices. Thereafter, he continued his work on gas
immersion laser doping and oxidation of silicon, laser-induced ablation of materials andlaser-induced crystallisation of a-Si and a-SiGe. In 1989, he developed the activity basedon lamp furnace heating for processing of solar cells and transistors. In 1992, he joined
the Oregon Graduate Institute at Beaverton, Oregon, USA as a visiting scientist. His
research interests include MOSFET and TFT’s transistors as well as inorganic materials

53

based solar cells. He served for 20 years as head of the photovoltaic group at PHASE,INESS and ICUBE institutes (CNRS labs). He participated/coordinated about 15 National,
10 European and 6 International projects on Energy in general and on photovoltaics inparticular. He served as president of the European Material Research Society. He chaired
6 international conferences and co-organized more than 12 international symposia dealing
with materials for energy. He has authored or co-authored more than 260 papers and 10
chapters in specialized books.
Since 2017, he has been appointed as a deputy research director in charge of Energy at
CNRS, meaning managing all research activities on energy carried out in CNRS’ labs
over France. Since 2021, he is also coordinating the National Research Program on
decarbonated hydrogen (PEPR-H2).
List of publications: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-2833
Message for RD20
Mastering the energy mix by 2050 and beyond is an important international challengethat leads to major research and specific equipment needs. In this context, CNRS (France)wish to pursue its collaborative R&D activities in the field of clean and sustainable energy
by developing renewable energies (RES) and its storage, by generating new and efficientmaterials for emerging technologies such as advanced batteries, hydrogen and CO2
conversion. CNRS offers several international cooperation instruments(https://international.cnrs.fr/en/cooperer-a-l-international/) such as International
Research Projects (IRP) , International Research Network (IRN) and recently
International Research Centres, with the aim to strengthen collaborations through shortand medium-term scientific exchange, in addition to organising working meetings orseminars, developing joint research activity including field research, and supervising
students. The other R&D 20’ organisations should share similar cooperative tools for the
benefit of the energy transition, with a focus on the emerging technologies.

54

Florence Lefebvre-Joud, Ph.D., Hab.

CEA Research Director in the field of Materials for Energy & Hydrogen
In charge of National and International Academic Partnerships for Liten
Coordination of French research program on “Ceramic cells for High Temperature
Electrolysis”

1989
1989-1990
1991-1999
1997
20002018

PhD in Material Science, INSA Lyon
PECHINEY research Center in Voreppe France
CEA Grenoble: Nuclear Energy Division
Habilitation, Grenoble INP
CEA Grenoble: Renewable Energy Institute, LITEN
Validation of the annual cycle of the Institute for Advanced Studies inScience and Society (IHEST)

Message for RD20

55

Message for RD20

RD20 is a unique forum gathering R&D organisations from five continents andrecognized scientists sharing a common ambition for the protection of our planet andthe mitigation of global warming.
As each country is facing different geographical, political and economic conditions,climate change mitigation will never rely on one solution coming from one country but
rather on a portofolio of different solutions adapted to each local situation. And it isworth highlighting that a large proportion of these technological solutions are still
under development in research labs, which gives researchers a major responsibility anda leading role.
While social appropriation of these technologies constitutes an essential lever for the
success of society decarbonization, codes and standards together with the calculationof environmental impact need also to be updated and shared to support the
deployment of these technologies.
RD20 offers the possibility to scientific teams, from different disciplinary fields, to join
forces for learning about all local situations, for developing common understanding
and approaches, for training the next generation of researchers and contribute
together reaching carbon neutrality by 2050.

56

Report of Technical Session
Dr. Haruhiko Obara

Senior Executive Officer
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

1

Technical Session
Moderators/ Chairs
TS plenary

Number of registrations: 161 in-person,
697 online, 858 total (as of Oct. 4, 2023)

Maximum number of online viewers: 497• Held on October 4th, 2023
• General plenary session in the morning• Three parallel sessions in the afternoon

Dr. William Tumas(NREL, US)

Number of speakers: 28 from 14
countries and regions

ü TS 1: Applications and impacts of H2 for decarbonization of energy sectors and for power to X
ü TS 2: LCA and environmental impacts on large-scale deployment of PV
ü TS 3: CCU — with a focus on CCU value proposition and integration themes

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3
Co-Chairs
Plenary: Dr. Tetsuya Nanba (AIST, Japan)
TS1: Dr. Yuichi Manaka (AIST, Japan)
TS2: Dr. Takashi Oozeki (AIST, Japan)
TS3: Dr. Atul Sharma (AIST, Japan)

Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)

Dr. Christian Thiel(JRC, EU)

Dr. Dietmar Tourbier(CSIRO, Australia)

257Plenary Session

Theme: High-level talk that frames one of the technical sessions
Moderators
Dr. William Tumas (NREL, US)
Dr. Haruhiko Obara (AIST, Japan)
Introduction: RD20 goals, recommendations,progress, future plans

Dr. Dietmar Tourbier (CSIRO, Australia))
Talk 3: CCUS challenge/opportunities/perspectives
and opportunity for integration concepts, include
value proposition

Panel Discussion among the speakers
Dr. Harald Muellejans (JRC, EU)
Talk 4: Activity Report of PV Task Group (TG1-1)

Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling(Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)
Talk 1: Global perspective of H2,challenges/opportunities, applications of H2
for decarbonization of energy sectors

Dr. Amgad Elgowainy (ANL, US))
Talk 5: Presentation from the task forces (makethe task force important—short talks from task force leader) H2 LCA

Dr. Silvana Ovaitt (NREL, US)
Talk 2: Large-scale PV deployment, challenges andopportunities (TW workshop overview and otherconcepts), bringing circularity to PV

Panel discussion on RD20 collaborations, status
and future Advisory Board Members
3

TS plenary: panel discussion
Framed the afternoon technical sessions in H2, large-scale PV deployment
and CCU all important areas to realize decarbonization in the future.
- Provides excellent overviews of global perspective, challenges and opportunities- All three areas need to scale to terawatts of energy and gigatons of materials (andwaste avoidance)- Research, deployment and deployment important- International cooperation critical to solve global problems- Critical to build a win-win economic structure between upstream and downstream insupply chain- Establishment of circular economy considering environmental impact, equity andstakeholder/community engagement

458

TS1: Applications and impacts of H2 fordecarbonization of energy sectors and for power to X
Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud(CEA-Liten, France)

Dr. Giorgio Graditi(ENEA, Italy)

Talk 1: Overview – Decarbonization by Sectors

Talk 5: The multivector integrated smart
systems, microgrids and hydrogen valley at
ENEA, for accelerating the energy transition

Dr. Bryan Pivovar(NREL, US)

Dr. Vibha Dhawan(TERI, India)

Talk 2: Outbrief from Gigaton H2 Workshop
Dr. Kazunari Sasaki(Kyushu University, Japan)
Talk 3: Reversible Solid Oxide Cells: A Flexible
Energy Device for Both Power Generation andHydrogen Production (* NEDO Program)
Dr. Hyung Chul Yoon
(KIER, Korea)

Talk 6: Decarbonizing Shipping Industries

Mr. Thomas Roos
(CSIR, South Africa)
Talk 7: Techno-economic prefeasibility
analysis for zero-carbon maritime fuel at 2
South African ports

Talk 4: Current Status of Green Ammonia
Production and Utilization Research in South
Korea

5

Technical Session 1: Conclusions of the discussions
Common expression of current priorities for H2 deployment :1. Progress jointly towards codes and standards for electrolysis performance, durability,
reliability and finally bankability assessment (LT & HT technologies):• Get in contact with IEA, IPHE and ISO groups to share state of the art and avoid duplication• Share best practices, metrics, test guidance's, gaps….
• Organize round robin tests when relevant,

2. Share techno-economical methodologies and data sets, to crystallize common approach
3. Identify the tools and data sets to evaluate integration and infrastructure requirementsfor production, delivery and use for the hydrogen economy (e.g. are we moving electrons ormolecules? which molecule for which application? …..)Additional consensual remarks:- Common interest expressed for eco-design (material to systems)
These slide materials are provided by Dr. Florence Lefebvre-Joud (CEA-Liten, France)

659

TS2: LCA and environmental impacts on large-scale
deployment of PV
Dr. Michio Kondo(AIST, Japan)

Dr. Anil Kottantharayil(IITB, India)

Talk 1: Overview

Talk 5: India solar missions and impacts as wellas aspects of large-scale PV deployment

Dr. Myriam Merad(CNRS-Paris Dauphine, France)
Talk 2: Environmental assessment of large-scale
photovoltaic deployment

Ms. Anatoli Chatzipanagi(JRC, EU)

Dr. Kyoko Ono(AIST, Japan)
Talk 3: Chemical risk assessment on
photovoltaic (PV) panel and a case study of
CdTe PV panels

Talk 6: Overview of the potential and challenges
for Agrivoltaics
Dr. Takaya Kubo
(The University of Tokyo, Japan)

Prof. Dr. Leandro Michels(UFSM, Brazil)

Talk 7: French-Japanese International
Collaboration in R&D of Next Generation Solar
Cells and Beyond

Talk 4: Environmental assessment due to highpenetration of PV

7

Technical Session 2: Conclusions of the discussions
LCA and environmental impacts
on large-scale deployment of PV
New focus of TF: Accelerated sustainable and equitable large scale PV deployments• Topics: Community involvement and participation, equity aspects…….
• Task force members (tentative): CNRS(France) – Myriam Merad, JRC (EU), CSIR (South
Africa), NREL (US), Univ. of Tokyo (Japan), AIST (Japan), IITB (India)• Sharing experience and work on indicators, methodologies, best practices, guidelines.
Preparatory meetings for a potential TF in the field of Smart grids• Define scope for possible cooperation• Discussion partners (tentative): UFSM (Brazil) – Leandro Michels, AIST(Japan), IITB(India),
Ask other RD20 members

These slide materials are provided by Dr. Christian Thiel (JRC, EU)

860

TS 3: CCU - with a focus on CCU value proposition
and integration themes
Mr. Zama Duma
(CSIR, South Africa)

Dr. Joshua Schaidle(NREL, US)

Talk 4: An overview of the CSIR’s research on
biogenic carbon capture and utilisation to low-carbon,
sustainable hydrogen

Talk 1: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating
CO2 Capture and Conversion
Dr. Farid Bensebaa(NRC, Canada)
Talk 2: A bottom-up levelized cost of CO2 abatement(LCCA) framework for Carbon Capture and Utilization(CCU) - Case studies and applications for R&D andpolicy gaps

Dr. Florian Nestler(Fraunhofer ISE, Germany)
Talk 5: CCU in the Context of Hydrogen Storage andSynthetic Fuels
Dr. Dong Hyun Chun
(KIER, Korea)
Talk 6: CCU technology for the production of efuels and e-chemicals

Dr. Koji Matsubara(Niigata University, Japan)
Talk 3: High-Temperature Solar Thermal Usage for
Thermochemical Carbon Dioxide Splitting and Its
Application to CCU(* NEDO Program)

Dr. Joan Ramón Morante Lleonart(IREC, Spain)
Talk 7: Materials for an effective desfossilization
9

TS3: Discussion in the wrap-up session
Findings• Efforts in CCU are increasing globally across most RD20 member states – there is much synergy, butalso complimentary research capability• We need a global approach for CCU due to global markets driving the demand• We need to include biogenic feedstock in CCU, but limited supply of biogenic carbon for demandrequires to decrease cost of DAC

Recommendation• Establish a taskforce focused on “Carbon Utilisation” to address above issues using the following fourpillars:• Framing the role of utilisation for global decarbonisation• Identify and visualize the global diversification of utilisation strategies, opportunities and demand• Define key research needs to accelerate process intensification• Leveraging existing capabilities across member states to accelerate development of CCU
These slide materials are provided by Dr. Dietmar Tourbier (CSIRO, Australia)

1061Thank you for your kind attention.

11

62

Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

RD20 Task Force: Hydrogen Life Cycle andSustainability Analysis
Reporting on behalf of H2 LCA Task Force:
Dr. Amgad Elgowainy
Argonne National Laboratory
USA

October 4-5, 2023

Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

Motivation for a Life Cycle and Sustainability Analysis (LCSA) Task force:
Hydrogen is considered worldwide as an important energy carrier for decarbonization
Most countries have national H2 strategies••

industry decarbonization(petrochemical, steel, cement,
manufacturing….)
For transport sector via direct orindirect electrification

63

Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

à Consensus to form a task force on broad area of LCSA
• provide general overviews of national situations, priorities and roadmaps• propose priorities at international level for R&D, demonstration or
experimentation at large scale• provide sound advice, with a common voice, to G20 countries
Chair: Dr. Amgad Elgowainy
Argonne National Lab, USA
Co-chair: Dr. Nawshad Haque
CSIRO, Australia

Participants:
Dr. Myriam Merad - CNRS-Paris Dauphine, France
Dr. Laurent Antoni – CEA-Liten, France
Dr. Yuki Kudoh - GZR, AIST, Japan
Dr. William Stafford- CSIR, South Africa
Mr. Souvik Bhattacharjya - TERI, India
Dr. Eniya Listiani Dewi – BRIN, Indonesia
Dr. André Sternberg– Fraunhofer ISE, Germany
Dr. Farid Bensebaa – NRC, Canada
Dr. Pietro Moretto – JRC - EU

Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

Motivation for a Life Cycle and Sustainability Analysis Task force:
Common expression of current needs during 4th RD 20 Technical Workshop :• For common metrics and harmonized methodologies to evaluate Carbon Intensity of H2 or H2
carriers and also for evaluating other risks/benefits,• For sharing assumptions and boundary conditions that determine the analysis with performancerequirements• For sharing data to enhance LCA inventory

Additional consensual remarks:• Incorporate sustainability and social acceptance,• Incorporate safety aspects, recycling possibilities• Consider local specificities and environmental justice• Coordination with IPHE running task force (focused on C Content of H2 produced/transported) as
well as other initiatives, and possibly expand their approaches to H2 carriers & e-fuels• Analyze practical scenarios and solutions that could help, not only “ideal” cases

64Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

Outcomes of H2 LCSA Task Force• Shared information of national priorities, roadmaps, and policies forclean H2 deployment across participating countries• Discussed outstanding issues and gaps related to H2 LCSA with emphasis
on sustainability metrics broader than carbon emissions
v Including economic and societal impacts
v Enriched perspective to be considered by each countryü The goal is to develop consensus on sustainability evaluation for H2
deployment• Developed while papers documenting the RD20 national priorities andpolicies associated with large scale deployment of clean hydrogenproduction and end use applicationsv 8 papers provide national and regional perspectives of H2
deployment
v Will be collectively published in a special issue of peer-reviewed
academic journal

Hydrogen Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment
Outcome of the Task force 2023

65

Amgad Elgowainy, Ph.D.

Senior Scientist and Group Leader, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
1994
Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
2002Senior Scientist and Electrification & Infrastructure Group Leader, Argonne
1999-2002 Visiting Professor, Purdue Northwest University
1996-1999 Senior Project Engineer, Advanced R&D, Rheem Manufacturing Company
1994-1996 Postdoctoral Fellowship, University at Buffalo1987 -1993 Institute of Solid
Dr. Amgad Elgowainy is a Distinguished Fellow and Senior Scientist leading a team of
25 researchers covering engineering process modeling, environmental life cycle analysis
and techno-economic analysis of hydrogen technologies and end use applications. His
research projects support governmental agencies, OEMs, energy industries, and utility
and gas companies. He is serving as a technical expert on several Technical Teams of the
US DRIVE and the 21st Century Truck Partnerships. He also served as a technical expert
in several of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Technical Collaboration Programson electric vehicles, hydrogen, and fuel-cell vehicles, and is currently supporting thedevelopment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting methodology for theInternational Partnership of Hydrogen Economy (IPHE). Dr. Elgowainy has contributed
to the development of the environmental life cycle analysis models (GREET®) and has
led the development of hydrogen infrastructure technoeconomic suite of models(HDSAM and HDRSAM). Dr. Elgowainy authored and coauthored more than 200
technical publications, edited a volume on Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles, andauthored several book chapters. He developed several licensed patents related to fuelingmethods. Dr. Elgowainy received numerous government and industry awards andtaught
undergraduate and graduate engineering and environmental courses at University of
Chicago, Purdue University Northwest, Tennessee State University, and University at
Buffalo.

66

The Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop II
Outbrief – Leaders

Bryan Pivovar
RD20 Meeting, Koriyama, Japan
October 5, 2023

Photo by Werner Slocum/NREL, 62957

Overview ー
JPN
USA
GER
AUS
FRA
IDN
IND
RSA
EU
BRA
CAN
GBR
KOR
MEX
SAU
TUR
Total

43
11
4
1
3
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
5
1
84
NREL | 1

67

Workshop Structure–

Purposeful focus on Green Hydrogen Production (Electrolysis)• Other areas like infrastructure excluded by design/necessity– Morning Plenary Session
•
•
•
•
•

Overview presentation of the previous Workshop (TAKAGI Hideyuki, AIST)Plenary 1 – Japanese hydrogen strategy (YABE Akira, NEDO)Plenary 2 – Hydrogen environmental impacts (Amgad Elgowainy, ANL)
Hydrogen Perspectives Panel
Scenarios for large-scale hydrogen deployment (Alex Badgett, NREL)

Breakout Sessions
Track A: Impacts

Track B: Technology
Challenges

Environment
and GHG

Reliability/
Durability ofElectrolysis

(1-A)

(1-B)

– Afternoon Breakout Sessions•

Parallel Tracks:––•

A: Impacts
B: Technology Challenges

Have Plenaries that feed into them, but will go into greater depth/discussion

Electricity andsystems
integration

Materials andmanufacturing
scale-up

(2-A)

(2-B)

NREL | 2

Breakout Sessions
Impacts:
Environment
and GHG (1-A)•••

LCA (RD20) taskforce has
good traction.
On track for publication
Identified additionalquestions, needs andopportunities

Technology
Challenges:
Reliability/Durability ofElectrolysis (1B)

Impacts:
Electricity andsystems
integration(2-A)• Focused on 3 challenges:• H2 vs electricity
distribution• Non-Traditional
Rate-Limiting Steps• Ultimate goal vs.
near term
opportunity• Recommendations
identified••

Lots of outside work in •this area, limited
expertise at Gigaton•
Workshop
Cross-technology topics
identified•
Protocols (ASTs)•
Future integration
strategies•
BOP

Technology
Challenges:
Materials andmanufacturing
scale-up (2-B)
Broad interest andengagement
Focus areas identified
•
Ir
•
PFAS
•
Supply chain•
Circularity

NREL | 3

68

Target Workshop Outcome••

A high, impact journal publication illustrating global
consensus (multi-national authorship) over thebiggest issues, needs and risks for enabling gigaton
scale H2 production.
Key focus areas (Plenary and Breakout Session
focus)– Demand studies showing scale of H2 need
– Challenges of meeting this scale• Materials, policy and supply chain barriers• Electricity (renewable) generation– Techno-economics of hydrogen production– Quantify impacts of H2 at Gt-scale (status/gaps)

Environment
and GHG(1-A)

Reliability/
Durability ofElectrolysis(1-B)

Electricity andsystems
integration

Materials andmanufacturing
scale-up

(2-A)

(2-B)

NREL | 4

Framing Key Questions in thisWorkshop
Impacts:
Environment
and GHG (1-A)•

How to know whether new •hydrogen being produced ishaving a positive effect on
the environment, and what
are the tools and tracking
methodologies to ensure
this (additive and timesynchronized)?
•Technology
Challenges:
Reliability/Durability ofElectrolysis (1B)

Impacts:
Electricity andsystems
integration(2-A)
Are there ways to get to
low-carbon hydrogen more
quickly than a low-carbon
electrical grid, and what
could be done toeconomically accelerate
progress in this area?
What are the electrical gridand infrastructure impactsof scaling up low-carbonhydrogen markets?

•

R&D priorities forreliability, durability forelectrolyzers withdynamic operating
strategies

Technology
Challenges:
Materials andmanufacturing
scale-up (2-B)••

What are the resource
and materials impacts of
rapidly scaling up worldwide hydrogenproduction?
R&D priorities formaterial recycling andrecovery

NREL | 569

Bryan S. Pivovar, Ph.D.

Senior Research Fellow/Group Manager,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Education and Training:
B.S. Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994
Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 2000
Advisors: Edward L. Cussler and William H. Smyrl
Employment History
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Director H2NEW (10/20-present), Senior Research Fellow (9/19-present), Group Manager (1/10present), Senior Scientist (6/08-9/19)
Responsible for building and maintaining an R&D program based on fuel cells andelectrolyzers, and contributing to research in other areas of energy efficiency and renewableenergy. Responsible for establishing labs, research competencies, setting research direction,
staffing, budget oversight, and research oversight (technical staff members, technicians, postdocs and graduate students). Technical areas of contribution focused on novel
membranes/ionomers, extended surface electrocatalysts, novel electrode/MEA development
and advanced diagnostics in areas that include fuel cells, electrolyzers, and electrochemicalhydrogen compression, as well as leadership in membranes/separations.
Colorado School of Mines
Associate Research Professor (2/2011-present), Dept of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines
Served on thesis committee of several PhD candidates, co-advised PhD Students.
Los Alamos National Laboratory

70Fuel Cell Team Leader (2/05-5/08), Acting Program Manager Fuel Cells (2/08-5/08), TechnicalStaff Member (4/01-2/05), Post-doctoral Researcher (3/00-4/01)
Responsible for setting research direction, staffing, budget oversight, and research oversight(technical staff members, technicians, post-docs and graduate students). Projects werefocused at the MEA level and included: electrode supports, impurities, fundamental sciencefor cost and durability, freezing effects, non-precious catalysis, direct methanol fuel cells,
hydroxide conductors, non-Nafion MEAs and high temperature membranes.
University of Minnesota
Research/ Teaching Assistant (9/94-2/00)
Thesis research centered on direct methanol fuel cell electrolytes with emphasis on methanol
permeability, proton conductivity and electro-osmotic drag. Involved with the establishmentof a fuel cell test facility.
Honors and Appointments’22 Chair 3rd International Conference on Electrolysis (ICE 2021)’22 Co-Chair Advanced Materials for PEM Electrolysis Workshop (H2-AMP)’22 Co-Chair Liquid Alkaline Water Electrolysis Workshop (H2-LAWE)’21 US DOE Secretary’s Honor Award’21 Electrochemical Society Energy Technology Division Research Award’20 Director Hydrogen from Next-generation Electrolyzers of Water (H2NEW)
Consortium’19 NREL Senior Research Fellow’18 NREL Chairman’s Award’18 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Special Recognition Award (For exceptional
efforts and visionary leadership on the groundbreaking H2@Scale initiative)’16 NREL Presidents Award’16 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Special Recognition Award (for Outstanding
dedication and contributions to the Hydrogen at Scale National Lab-wide Big Idea)’16 Organizer DOE/FCTO Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Workshop’12 Charles Tobias Young Investigator Award (Electrochemical Society)‘11 Organizer/Chair DOE/ARO Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Workshop’09 RASEI Fellow (Founding) – Joint NREL-University of Colorado Energy Institute’17, ’12, ’10, ’08 International Science Steering Committee– Progress MEA (CARISMA)’17, Organizing Committee– International Conference on Electrolysis (ICE 2017)’15, ‘13, ’11. ’09 International Science Steering Committee – Advances in Materials
for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (ACS – Polymer Division)’07 co-Chair Gordon Research Conference – Fuel Cells’06 Organizer/Chair Army Research Office Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Workshop’04 Organizer DOE/LANL Workshop for Sub-Freezing Effects in Fuel Cells’02 Distinguished Performance Award – Los Alamos National Laboratory’01 Richard A. Glenn Award - American Chemical Society71

Leaders Statement/Summary

The RD20 Leaders:- restate the urgency for a clean energy transformation to mitigate climate change and the important rolefor international collaborations- reaffirm their commitment to RD20 as unique forum of 20 research institutes committed to working
together to accelerate the innovation needed to achieve a carbon-neutral world economy by:- collaborating, convening, sharing, assessing, co-developing, advocating- acknowledge significant progress has been made through the development of task forces focused on
specific issues, harmonization of life cycle assessment and metrics, workshops to address critical areas,
and a summer school for early career researcher professional development- recognize that RD20 is on a positive trajectory and can have significant impact by amplifying current
collaboration mechanisms, facilitating research exchange and collaborative projects, and increasing
coordination and visibility.

Leaders Session Recommendations- Action Committee to create a strategic roadmap by:- Creating a document describing current RD20 activities, achievements andtrajectory- Refining vision, mission, value proposition, and messaging- Ensuring accomplishment, collaboration and impact- Highlighting workforce development through summer schools- Developing a plan to expand the scope and impact for workshops where output
can provide guidance to policy makers,- Exploring a stakeholder and sponsor plan.
- 2024 RD20 meeting to be held in Delhi, India (TERI host)- 2024 RD20 summer school to be held in Indonesia (BRIN host)- Participate in the COP28 and other international forums with appropriate
messaging72

Recommendation: Increase current collaboration modalities• Summer School-

Create an alumni program so early career researchers can stay in touch-

Hold workshop (like Gigaton H2) same week as RD20, e.g. two days before or after RD20 meeting (host to provide
venue for workshop)
Additional workshops (virtual for planning purposes, hybrid). Action committee to identify other workshops
Publish impactful perspective(s)• Expand RD20 participation in current task forces (visibility and communication)• Create new task forces: RD-V Technical Sessions identified several task forces (andinterested institutions) in H2, PV, CCU• Workshops-• Develop tools and capabilities to assess, promote and ensure equity, energy justice,accessibility, and community/public engagement.

Recommendations: Researcher Exchange

Identify how RD20 can catalyze researcher exchange with value to both institutions• Create an RD20 researcher exchange program-

Proposal process for funding travel and lodging for researcher exchanges
Leverage current collaborations
Institutional and PI commitment to send, receive and engage
Encourage RD20 institutions to find and fund opportunities and to leverage current projects/funding towards
mutual benefit• Catalog and build upon current exchanges among RD20 institutions-

Identify and publicize existing programs for international exchange at RD20 institutions73

Recommendations: Coordination & Communication• Increase interactions among RD20 researchers- Webinars; Focused virtual workshops- Catalog current collaborations (especially multilateral collaborations, e.g. PVQAT (4 RD20
institutions)- Short-term visits to institutions (tours, discussions), include some researchers• Leverage large conferences- Mixer, task force meeting, short workshop or even additional day at large conferences where
RD20 researchers already participate- Create RD20-centric sessions at key conferences (to encourage RD20 researcher attendance)• Expand RD20 website and create a collaboration portal- Catalog past activities, e.g. Summer school presentations, posters, participants- Catalog info from data gathering (conferences, exchanges,…)- Create a members collaboration portal for RD20 institutions74

04
Summaries of RD20
Members' Institutes

3rd RD20, Oct 8 2022
Current Status and Future Perspectives (“Now and Future”)
of Clean Energy Technologies in INTI
MOLINA TIRADO Liliana Beatriz
Energy & Mobility Deputy – Innovation & Technological Development Management
National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI), Argentina

Introduction
Argentina represents less than 1% of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions within the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) countries andhave signed the Paris Agreement and ratified it by 27270 National Law. At the end of
2020, Argentina decreased its Nationally Determined Contribution from 483 to 358.8
MtCO2 eq by 2030.
To achieve this objective, Argentina will take some mitigation action in Energy,
Agriculture, Livestock, Forests, Transport, Industry and Infrastructure areas.
A National Adaptation Plan for climate change damages will be also carried out.
The main contribution to GHG emissions is the generation and use of energy, mainly
combustion of fossil fuels to obtain electric and thermal power and transportation. In thatorder, there were actions implemented in two fundamental axis: energy diversification,
including the participation of renewable energy in the matrix and the promotion ofrational and efficient use of energy.
Nowadays the maximum contribution of electrical energy from renewable sources
reached approximately 12%. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic situation, renewable parks
are commercially enabled and can supply electricity to the grid.
Argentina is discussing in the present year other initiatives towards Energetic
Transition that promotes industrial production of green and blue Hydrogen, Lithium
Batteries and electromobility.
The National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI) is a public decentralized
institution created in 1957 that is part of the National Science and Technological System.
Today under the National Ministry of Production Development, its mission is to promoteindustrial development through innovation and technological transfer. INTI is also thenational reference in Metrology, to strengthen the metrological capacities to spreadindustrial quality all over national industry. INTI has technology centers across the•76country specialized in different industrial sectors.
R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
INTI Technological Development and Innovation Management through its Energy andMobility Department
works for strengthen the competitiveness andsustainability of companies, specially SMEs, through development and appropriation of
innovative products and processes that contributes to reduce the GHG emissions andcollaborates as technical reference with the Government in order to establish regulations.
The main technologies address are:
• BioEnergy, Solar Collectors for residential use, Photovoltaic panels, Low PowerWind Turbines• Storage & Conversion of Energy• Smart Grid Integrations• Mobility• Energy Efficiency•• Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen etc.
• Energy Storage• Fuel cells fed by low-carbon hydrogen produced by water electrolysis are a goodalternative for renewable energy storage. Alkaline electrolyzers are currently
developed, including liquid and zero gap devices.
• Certificacion de hidrogeno: From INTI, the institution in charge of the study
related to certification, the main points included in the document are proposed toaddress the processes of certification of origin of green hydrogen and low carbonhydrogen. In addition, the life cycle analysis method is detailed, for the estimationof greenhouse gas emissions, which will be key when certifying the origin of lowcarbon hydrogen.
• Lithium Batteries: we work on the National Center for Lithium Batteries Project
within the framework of the FONARSEC fund with the aim of promoting the local
development of systems that use lithium batteries in the energy and electromobility
industry, in conjunction with the private sector/ industrial. . In addition, a lithium
battery evaluation laboratory for the urban mobility sector (PROCER Project).
Both lines of work include the development of an infrastructure of 182m2 for the
installation of the laboratories

77

Nanostructured Materials for Energy. With the increase in energy consumption,
new and more efficient materials for energy generation and storage are required.
Moreover, the increasing use of portable electronic devices requires thedevelopment of new or more efficient energy storage technologies. Solar, tidal andwind energy´s challenge is storing. INTI has developed and characterized different
nanostructured materials for storing.
• Mesoporous carbon (MC) with well-defined porous size distribution to assess its
effect as electrode support for fuel cell catalysts and supercapacitors is obtained bypolycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) on silica nanoparticles as
hard template agents, and subsequent carbonization in an inert atmosphere. The
obtained mesoporous carbon products with a high specific surface area (> 400
m2g-1) were used as support for Pt and PtRu catalysts nanoparticles. The
modification of the surface allowed 30% reduction of the diameter of the metal
particles deposited over the support and a 10% increase of power density ofmembrane electrode assemblies compared with state of art of DMFC PtRu/carbon
supported catalyst.
• Anion Exchange Membranes. Low carbon footprint hydrogen, a near-zeroemission energy carrier, plays a key role in many applications such as roadtransport, micro co-generation and de-carbonization of several industrial processes.
Hydrogen technologies footprint depends on its method of production and the best
option is electrochemical water splitting. However, one of its main barriers is thecurrent costs of fuel cells and electrolyzers. Therefore, alkaline systems, which do
not require precious metals as electrocatalysts or demand corrosion-resistantcomponents, are a good option for low temperature, membrane-based devices.
Actually new applications are explored for the membranes developed.
• Green hydrogen generation. We have a FOAR project for the cooperation
between Argentina and Mexico, financed by the Argentine Foreign Ministry andthe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, which aims to promote the use ofrenewable energies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, through theconstruction of an integrated photovoltaic-electrolyzer device for the productionof green H2. The institutions involved in this project are INTI and CINVESTAV.
• Renewable Energy• Biomass Gassification Technology. In Argentina, the bioenergetic sector is madeup of many agro industrial companies that generate waste, primary producers whowaste crop residues, and a sub sector of support that are the SMEs manufacturersof machines and equipment. To achieve the industrialization of these wasted
•

78

•

•

•

•

resources, developments are required in both physical and chemical processes asin the existing machinery to achieve profitable industrialization processes(collection, pelletization, storage, conditioning, pre-treatment, etc.). INTI with theindustry support seek to identify opportunities for development of new
bioproducts including biofuels as well as innovation opportunities in machines
and equipment that allow reaching new and improved degrees of biomass
industrialization.
Utilization of pellets of agricultural harvesting and forestal activities residues
in biomass combustors. Many of the agricultural crop residues are suitable intotransform to solid biofuels with a correct management. This valorization
technique for these mostly unused residues can help the different agricultureindustries to diversify their conventional activities and to replace the natural gas
for thermal energy. During the validation process, the previous data was comparedwith the newest standard approved in Argentina for solid biofuels (IRAM-ISO
17225) to establish a quality basis for the industrial process.
Materials for the off Shore generation and storage of renewable energy. The
development of advanced materials and prototypes for sustainable energy
production (solar, wind, wave and tidal) including energy storage throughbatteries and hydrogen technology in off-shore platforms. This also include thesalinity gradient energy applications in argentine lagoons of high salt
concentration (reverse electro dialysis) and in oil wells.
Internet of Energy. Investors Interoperability. The interoperability system is aphotovoltaic inverter data acquisition system that takes the data and integrates
them into a dedicated IoT platform. This INTIˊs developed system solves theincompatibility of data that comes from multi-brand inverters. If all thephotovoltaic systems were from the same manufacturer, the communication
protocols and the way in which the data is shared would be homogeneous among
all, with which it would be possible to observe them in the same place; however,this situation is not in practice.
Grid Network with Renewable Energy. In Amstrong, a 11.000 habitants city, a
integrated network of renewable energy (200 kW photovoltaic floor plant, 60 solar
roofs in homes and 10 small wind turbines located in the city) with conventional
grid system was established. With wireless equipment installed in a thousandhomes in the city, they can monitor the local electricity service and obtain
information remotely to determine the quality of the service, the user load curve,
and the different conditions of the network or consumption characteristics of each

79

•

•

•

residence.
The Project named VERSU for their acronym in Spanish for Power Valorizationfor Solid Urban Residues consists in a cycle-combined equipment with power
generation for solid urban residues. It is located in Sarmiento City, in San Juan
Province, a 22000 habitant’s city. This industrial plant is a demonstrative projectunique in Argentine.
CCUS Technologies. As a national institute created to reinforce the national
industry, we assist companies to improve their technologies to achieveenvironmental objectives.
Solar Thermal Collectors. A program of the Ministry of Production Development
for the performance improvement of national production companies in which INTI
will assist in technical production for increase productivity.

• International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
INTI has three main strategies to promote international collaboration:
1. Industrial Technology Transfer
Productive knowledge, innovative technologies and transfer promotion to countries
with equal or less industrial development, with the aim of contributing to strengthen
their productive and industrial network.
2. Scientific and Technological Cooperation
For the improvement of technological knowledge, participation in joint innovation
processes and promotion of industrial competitiveness and productiveness.
3. SMEs Internationalization
Assistance for the incorporation of technological innovation that favors the generation ofquality employment and the increase and diversification of exports from SMEs.
4-2 International joint R&D activities• JICA (Japan): Development program for Energy Efficiency technologies and bestpractices. INTI proposed AIST to participate in a SARTREPS call.
• INTI has submitted a project called “Heavy Carbon Industries: A network to look forapproaches to low Carbon Sustainable Processes” for the MSCA-RISE 2020, EU callwith the following institutions: Surrey University (UK), Sevilla University (Spain),80Politecnico di Milano (Italy), Titan Cement Company (greek company), MitchellTechnical Services (UK company), GVG soltek (Arg company) and Danish Power
System (DK Company).
Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In accordance to the Argentinian´s Third National Communication on Climate
Change, our next challenges are aimed at the appropriation, generation and transfer oftechnology in order to reduce GHG emissions in two different aspects:• Thermal Energy technologies for industrial activities:• Solar Concentrators for fluids heating or steam generation aimed at
SMEs located in regions appropriated for this technology• BioGas - BioEnergy: energy recovery of the organic fraction of urban
solid waste• Biofuels obtained from agricultural and forestry industrial residues. The
generation of an industrial and public market is aimed through process
standarization.
• Electrical Transportation• Production and Reuse of Lithium Batteries: Technological assistance tolocal battery manufacturers. Spent batteries disposal and recycling, engine
testing laboratory for different fuels and electricity.
• Green Hydrogen certification and metrological quantification of
Hydrogen in a mix of gases.
• Engine Testing Laboratory, for performance evaluation of different
biofuels, evaluation of biofuels proportion in gasoline cuts.
• Integration Energy Laboratory for R&D activities related to micro and
off grid systems.
•

81Msc Ing Liliana Beatriz Molina Tirado
National Institute of Industrial Technology (INTI)

Msc Ing Liliana Beatriz Molina Tirado is a chemical engineer graduated from the
National Technological University and has a Master degree in Wood, Cellulose and Paper
Science from National University of Misiones (Argentina), a Speciality in Innovation andTechnology Management.
She specializes in biorefinery and bioenergy from forest biomass. She has several paper
published in these topics.
She was Technical Director of the Renewable Energy Technological Center at INTI. At
the present she is in charge of the Energy and Mobility Deputy from the Technological
Development and Innovation Management. She represents INTI in Renewable Energy,
Storage Energy and Mobility issues.

82Institute/Country

Argentina

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Development of electrodes for the electrolytic production of H2 (2018 – 2021) FINISHED

Production

INTI

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

One lab electrode ready. Transfering an electrode PhD. Graciela Abuin / INTI
to a company（Domestic) INFIQC - CONICET - National University of Córdoba National University of Catamarca

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Results are part of the doctorate thesis of G.
Montiel. Deep knowledge of the material isattained.

PhD Student Gonzalo Montiel / INTIPhD José
Arroyo Gómez/ INTI

（Domestic) CONICET & UNSAM -CAC (International) University of
Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT)

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Dr. Graciela Abuin / INTI

（Domestic) University of Buenos Aires-Engineering (FIUBA).

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Results are part of the doctorate thesis of R.
Coppola. Deep knowledge of the material isattained.

Dr. Roxana Coppola / INTI

(International）Autonomous University of Madrid, España

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

One membrane is prepared and characterized,
having good stability and conductivity.

PhD Roxana Coppola / INTI

（Domestic) PhD Student Fabrizio Molinari / INTI-Material Design

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Nex materials are prepared and caratherized for
SOFC & SOECPhD Ana Larralde/ INTIPhD Gabriel
Magalhaes e Silva/INTI（Domestic) CONICET & INTI

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

2018 - 2021 (R&D span)

Development of mesoporous C material applied to fuel cell components and super capacitors (2017 - 2023)
Argentina

Current

Storage

INTI

2017 - 2023 (R&D span)

Argentina

INTI

Production /Storage

Development of low-cost hybrid membranes in PVA and chitosan materials cross linked with graphene oxide for electrolyzes One membrane is prepared and characterized,
and H2 cells (2017 – 2020) FINISHED
having low cost, good stability and conductivity.
2017 - 2020 (R&D span)

Development of alkaline membranes based on polybenzimidazole for storage system (2016 – 2019) FINISHED
Argentina

Storage

INTI

2016 - 2019 (R&D span)

Argentina

Storage /Utilization

INTI

Development of PBI - PVA membranes with fibers produced by electrospinning (2018 – 2021) FINISHED
2018 - 2021 (R&D span)

Development of new materials for solid oxide fuel cels and electrolyzers (2019 - 2023)
Argentina

Current

Storage

INTI

2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

Grid Network with Renewable Energy(2016-2019).FINISHED
Current
Argentina

INTI

Smart Grids

Experience of a smart grid with renewable energy Marcos Politi, Eng / INTI
working in a 11.000 habitants city

（Domestic) National Technological University, Electric Cooperative of https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ythe city (Cooperativa de Provision de Obras y Servicios Publicos ymovilidad/gestion-del-sistemaCredito Lta.)
integrado-de-la-energia

Results are part of the doctorate thesis of Eng. M. Marcos Politi, Eng / INTI
Politi. Experience of a distributed andheterogeneus system will be attended.

(Domestic) Environmental Protection Agency of Buenos Aires City

2016 - 2019 (R&D span)

Inverters Interoperability (2019 – 2023).
Argentina

INTI

IoE / Smart
Grids

Current

2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

Utilization of pellets of sugar cane harvesting residues in biomass combustors (2018-2022). Delayed for pandemic reason.
Argentina

INTI

Production /Utilization

Current

Argentina

INTI

Power
Valorization

INTI

Solar Thermal
EnergyCurrent

INTI

PV2021 - 2025 (R&D span)

Development a photovoltaic generation system and an electrolyser for the production of green hydrogen. (2022-2024)
Argentina

INTI

Production

2022 - 2024 (R&D span)

Development of a roadmap for certification of origin of green and blue hydrogen (2022-2023)
Argentina

INTI

Production

2022 - 2023 (R&D span)

Development of polymeric electrolyte anion exchange membranes (PEAEMs) (2023-2024)
Argentina

INTI

Production

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/gestion-del-sistemaintegrado-de-la-energia

Industrial plant for municipal urban residues
valorization

Juan Carlos Najul, Eng / INTISan Juan Province Government, Agencia Nacional de Promocion
https://www.inti.gob.ar/noticias/21Cientifica y Tecnologica (https://www.argentina.gob.ar/ciencia/agencia), asistencia-regional/1491-en-pocosEnergia Provincial Sociedad del Estado (www.epse.com.ar), Mega
meses-comenzara-a-operar-la-plantaIngenieria (www.ingenieriamega.com.ar), Thala S. A. Instalar DG
versu-en-san-juan(www.instalardg.com), State Secretary for Environment andSustainable Development

Solar Thermal Collectors lab installed.

Federico Pescio, Eng / INTI
Alejandro
Chiaravalloti, Eng /INTI

Ministry of Production Development(https://www.argentina.gob.ar/produccion)

Perform a systematic study with numericalsimulations in optoelectronic devices with multijunction structures based on silicon (Si)

Federico Pescio, Eng / INTI
National Atomic Energy Commision (CNEA)
Helena Ramirez
Jimenez Doc/INTIDevelopment of materials for electrodes andseparating membranes and integration andevaluation of the prototype photovoltaic panelrechargeable batteries-electrolyser

PhD Jose Arroyo / INTIThe main stages included in the roadmap are
proposed to address the certification of origin
processes for green hydrogen and low carbonhydrogen.

Johana Molina, Eng / INTI)

2020 - 2023 (R span)

Simulation and characterization of thin film optoelectronic devices with computational methods (2022 - 2025)
Argentina

Martín Rearte, Eng / INTI2009 - 2019 (R span)

PerformanceCurrent
Improvement of National Solar Thermal Collectors Industry (2020-2023)
Argentina

Pellets were done and characterized withsuccessfull results.

2018 - 2022 (R span)

Power Valorization for Urban Solid Residues (2009-2019). Looking forward investors

2023 - 2024 (R&D span)

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/gestion-del-sistemaintegrado-de-la-energia

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/gestion-del-sistemaintegrado-de-la-energia

Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic
Institute of Mexico (Cinvestav)
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Develop anion exchange membranes for hydrogen PhD Jose Arroyo / INTI
conversion technologies: fuel cells and)electrolyzers in alkaline medium.

83

https://www.inti.gob.ar/noticias/15desarrollo-e-innovacion/1286-crecio-el179-la-instalacion-de-equipos-deenergia-solar-termica-en-argentina

Y-TEC
https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

Technion Israel Institute of Technology

https://www.inti.gob.ar/areas/desarrollo-tecnologico-e-innovacion/energia-ymovilidad/almacenamiento-de-laenergIa

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
Dr Dietmar Tourbier
Director, Energy
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia•

Introduction

Common features across various scenarios of the global energy future form a set of expectations
over the coming decades including 1) renewable energy and storage will be increasingly
important, 2) fossil fuels are needed in the interim but must decrease, and 3) societies will
redefine transport and other energy uses. These expectations imply that the energy system will
become more complex requiring greater integration to enable localised implementation aselectrification proceeds, a hydrogen industry emerges, and demands for decarbonised energy inthe heavy industry and mobility sectors increase.
The trajectory of Australia’s transition will need to align with these global trends and be
responsive to changes in the current global geopolitical landscape and global policy action onenergy and climate change. Reducing greenhouse emissions from electricity generation and use,
while maintaining the affordability of energy and ensuring the security of supply, continues topresent complex, inter-related and systems-oriented challenges that can only be resolved throughsignificant and sustained transition of the Australian energy and industry sectors.
Australia has substantial opportunities to grow the clean energy sector, however, realising theseopportunities will require national strategic alignment, innovation and regulation. The transition
must be underpinned by coordinated, evidence-based technical and social solutions and strategies
that respond dynamically to the changing energy environment. As Australia’s national scienceagency, CSIRO is well positioned to support Australia’s energy transition towards net zero
emissions in alignment with national strategies and guidelines illustrated as follows:••

The updated Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) Integrated System Plan (ISP)
published in 2022 is a whole of system actionable roadmap to guide the efficientdevelopment of Australia’s NEM over the next 20 years. Its objective is to facilitate anenergy system that is low-cost, secure and reliable, and incorporates Australia’s ongoingemissions trajectory within an acceptable level of risk. It serves the regulatory purpose ofidentifying actionable and future ISP projects, as well as informing market participants,
investors, policy decision makers and consumers. https://aemo.com.au/en/energysystems/major-publications/integrated-system-plan-isp
In 2022 the new Australian Government released its Powering Australia plan, which sets
new targets for emission reduction and is focused on creating jobs, cutting power bills
andreducing
emissionsbyboosting
renewableenergy.
https://www.energy.gov.au/government-priorities/australias-energy-strategies-andframeworks/powering-australia

CSIRO considers science and innovation is critical in supporting the transition and contributing84

to securing a resilient and prosperous future for us all, globally. CSIRO is collaboratinginternationally and in Australia to address the challenges associated with the transition of energy,
industry, manufacturing, agricultural and transport sectors through assessment, co-development,
and demonstration of priority low emission technologies, systems and solutions.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

CSIRO is creating solutions from applied science and research to address the challenges oftransitioning energy, transport and industrial technologies and infrastructure systems to support
large scale integration of renewable and low emissions energy pathways at a state, national andglobal scale.
The CSIRO Energy business unit strategy is focusing on three key areas of Australia’s energy
transition: Electricity transition, Industry and Transport Transition, and Community andEnvironment. In addition to the Energy business unit strategy, CSIRO is leveraging capabilities
across multiple business units utilising the CSIRO Missions portfolio and Future Science
Platforms.
The CSIRO Missions portfolio aims to catalyse innovation investment to build Australia’s energy
security and build supply chain competitiveness, whilst lowering emissions. These Missions
include:• Hydrogen Industry Mission – underpinning development of a domestic and exporthydrogen market.
• Towards Net Zero Mission – developing transition pathways to embed low-emission
technology into Australian industry and agriculture, and partnering with industry to build
early demonstrators of low emissions technologies for critical industries.
• Renewable Energy Powerhouse Mission in development – unlocking new critical mineral
resources and creating Australian capability, technologies and new value-added partnerconnected supply chains for affordable renewable electricity generation and storage.
• Smart Energy Mission in development – enabling reliable, affordable, sustainable andequitable energy by building integrated systems intelligence into our energy
transformation.
CSIRO’s Future Science Platforms (FSPs) include:• Hydrogen Energy Systems FSP – developing new technologies to support a globallycompetitive future Australian hydrogen industry.
• CarbonLock FSP – developing new technologies to permanently remove carbon from theatmosphere.
• Revolutionary Energy Storage Systems FSP – developing new solutions to meet futureenergy storage needs.
•

Specific research activities

CSIRO connects industry with the research community to deliver expert advice, technology

85

innovation, engineering, and prototyping. CSIRO is supporting the energy transition andcommunities by integrating science for social acceptance, policy and development of new skills
while also enabling the environmental sustainability. Our key research projects are illustrated
herein by selected examples.
Electricity transition
CSIRO’s research is focussing on enabling generation, use and storage of electricity andemission reduction towards government emissions targets. We anticipate achieving this throughthe adoption of CSIRO’s innovative power generation technology systems and supply networks,
new storage solutions and systems driving energy efficiency in built environments. Another goal
we have is to improve utilisation of existing infrastructure by 50% to enhance the national
economic performance of Australia.
One of our key deliverables is the GenCost report, which is a collaboration between CSIRO andthe Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). GenCost provides an annual update ofelectricity generation and storage costs with a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement. It
considers a range of future scenarios to understand the mix of technologies that may be adopted
and project costs for each of these possible pathways.
Another example of electricity network transformation from the user end includes simulatingbuilding energy use to inform investments in electricity grid systems. CSIRO’s software isutilised under the energy efficiency provisions of the National Construction Code (NCC)
including its trajectory to future low-energy buildings. We support the development of thesoftware and curate a national repository of housing stock data that underpins national housing
policy research.
CSIRO is also leading national and international efforts to source flexible-demand resourcesfrom buildings. This work aims at unlocking capacity reserves in the wholesale electricity market
worth around $450 million/year. We have developed a building-services digital platform (theData Clearing House) for hosting machine learning algorithms, and we lead an international
collaboration of more than 50 research teams across 19 countries, developing software tools for
managing energy flows in buildings.
Industry and transport transition
CSIRO’s research on Advanced Solar Photovoltaics (PV) and Concentrated Solar Thermal(CST) Technologies aims to accelerate renewable energy at scale to support industry adoption
and drive forward industry transition. The aspirations are high: to change how and where solar
energy can be generated by developing ultra low-cost, environmentally friendly production
methods, flexible materials and systems, as well as new plant deployment and operation methods.
Hence, CSIRO’s research is targeting commercialised, readily-available solar technologies
ranging from developing printable solar cells to accelerating the perovskite solar cell production.
CSIRO is also leading the Australian Solar Thermal Research Institute (ASTRI) to facilitatecommercial uptake of concentrated solar thermal technologies and systems. ASTRI is providing
a pathway to integrate solar thermal energy collection, storage, and utilisation at scale in a range

86

of applications including power generation, manufacturing and process industries where process
heat is a key energy requirement.
CSIRO is a core partner of the Collaborative Research Centre focussing on transforming theheavy industrial sector to a low-carbon future (HILT CRC). HILT CRC will enable Australian
heavy industry sector to compete in the low-carbon global economy for carbon-neutral materials
such as ‘green’ iron, alumina, cement and other processed minerals. HILT CRC will focus ondeveloping technologies and methods that overcome barriers to the low-carbon transition, which
include the unacceptable risks of untested innovations that could jeopardise equipment,
production and/or worker safety. The partners will jointly develop and demonstrate thetechnologies needed to grow Australia’s economy, unlocking potential value of $48.7 billion in
annual revenue and $92 billion in investments, while mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. The
industry transformation will proceed through regional hubs that have good local synergies andopportunities.
CSIRO’s research encompasses a broad spectrum of Thermal & Electrochemical Technologies
to increase efficiency, scale and uptake of low emission technologies and hydrogen energy
systems:•••

Our research in hydrogen is benefitting from the significant ongoing commitment of
Fortescue; the $20 million venture is focussed on commercialising new hydrogentechnologies developed by CSIRO.
The Victorian Hydrogen Hub, led by Swinburne University of Technology, working in
partnership with CSIRO and Germany’s ARENA 2036, will bring together researchers,
industry partners and business to test, trial and demonstrate new and emerging hydrogentechnologies to support sustainable manufacturing practices and the ability to store clean
energy from renewable sources.
Endua - an Australian company, backed by Main Sequence Ventures, Ampol and CSIRO is building the next generation of clean energy storage solutions to power communities,
remote industries and off-grid infrastructure. Endua’s power banks are standalone on-siteunits that store energy created from 100% renewables. Renewable energy is stored ashydrogen and then converted back to electricity by fuel cells to deliver sustainable,
reliable and affordable electricity on demand – like a diesel generator, but without theemissions footprint.

Community and Environment
CSIRO’s Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA) is focussed on
the impacts of onshore gas developments across Australia, with a significant portfolio of researchon the social and environmental impacts of onshore gas development in Queensland, New South
Wales, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. This research is publicly
available to support development decisions in regions where natural gas development isoccurring or being proposed.
CSIRO is also developing a portfolio of Sustainable Carbon Utilisation Technologies to support
industry transition to net zero emissions, to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of carbon

87capture, storage and utilisation and ultimately to deliver viable options for Australia’s low
emission energy future. For example, carbon capture research is focused on deploying largescale demonstration projects that enable substantial reductions in emissions and provide apathway for industry to adopt the technologies at full scale.
CSIRO is involved in the development, commissioning and operation of Post-combustion
Carbon Capture (PCC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) pilot plants in Australia and overseas. In
collaboration with industry, CSIRO has developed a highly efficient and environmentally benign
amine formulation that is well-suited for CO2 capture from cement plants, aluminium refining
and smelting and steam methane reforming. The PCC technology has also been extended to
DAC where the collected CO2 can be placed to geological storage (producing negativeemissions) or used for carbon neutral products. CSIRO is also developing solid sorbent
technology, CarbonAssist™ which is a proprietary technology that allows CO2 capture fromdifferent sources at low cost. The capture units are designed to be modular which ensuresversatility and scalability.
•

International collaboration

CSIRO aims to connect Australia to the global science, technology, and innovation frontier aswell as access new markets for Australian innovation. CSIRO has an extensive number ofinternational activities and collaborations occurring around the world. These collaborations are
conducted under a variety of arrangements, which are not reflected, in many cases, in formal
Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs).
CSIRO has concluded MoUs in the field of energy and environment with National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST Japan), the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST
Korea), and more specific collaboration agreements with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL
USA); and in early stage research with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS China).
More significantly, CSIRO have and are collaborating with many institutions in the G20 country
members which include innovations in clean energy technologies, research exchanges andworkshops under a variety of arrangements, which are not reflected in formal MoUs.
Recent international collaboration examples include:•

Australia has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Singapore to advancecooperation on low-emissions technologies and solutions. This commitment will extend
our cooperation on the key technology priorities recently expressed by the AustralianGovernment. Under the MoU, Australia and Singapore will share technical knowledge
and experience, and collaborate on the development of new technologies that reduce
emissions. Priority cooperation areas include:• hydrogen• carbon capture use and storage (CCUS)• renewable energy trade

88

•

•

• measurement• reporting verification (MRV) of emissions.
CSIRO is engaged with the Global Power Systems Transformation Consortium (G-PST),
which is a collaborative initiative set by the founding system operators: National Grid
Electricity System Operator UK, California Independent System Operator (CAISO),
Australia Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Ireland’s System Operator (EirGrid), andDenmark’s System Operator (Energinet). This Consortium is partnering with several
emerging economy and developing country system operators from Africa, Asia, Latin
America and Eastern Europe who will also guide the G-PST vision and contribute toadvancing power system transformation with a focus on technical collaboration, peer
learning and exchange, and workforce development to support local power systemtransformation priorities.
CSIRO has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the US Department ofEnergy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a leader in clean energy
research, development, and deployment.

We believe such international activities together with strategic partnerships, alliances joint
projects, researcher exchanges, joint workshops and seminars are the best way to facilitate
international cooperation. For us, collaborations are a fundamental way of how we work and findsolutions to the greatest challenges we face on the planet.
•

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)

CSIRO is focused on supporting the energy transition and drive towards net zero emissions,increasing capability in renewables and digital energy technologies, investing in more clean
energy growth areas and taking on big projects with strategic partners both in Australia andaround the world.
Electricity grid
CSIRO and the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) are Australian representatives in the
Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium. Working together, we have been
driving Australian research together with international research institutes to solve the mostpressing challenges to accelerate the decarbonisation of our electricity system. In 2022, CSIRO
and AEMO have produced the G-PST Research Roadmap that incorporates research plans for thenine most pressing research topics. The Roadmap shows how Australia could lead the way insolving the global challenge of integrating renewable energy into electricity networks andaccelerating the decarbonisation of the energy sector.
Decarbonising through hydrogen
One of CSIRO’s main growth initiatives in energy research is through the CSIRO Hydrogen
Industry Mission, which aims to build the foundations for sustainable, export-focused Australianhydrogen industry by 2030.

89Through the Mission, CSIRO’s capabilities will be harnessed to deliver research, development
and demonstration through partnerships across the hydrogen value chain. The mission's priority
focus will be on delivering the technology investment portfolio to directly address production,
storage and transport cost competitiveness as part of a domestic clean energy transition and a
stepping stone to enabling Australia’s clean hydrogen export industry and enabling capabilities.

Dr Dietmar Tourbier, Director, Energy, CSIRODr Dietmar Tourbier, PhD, MBA
Dr Tourbier is the Director of the Energy Business Unit at the CSIRO. He is leading a
multidisciplinary team of scientists, engineers, economists and business professionals in solving
current and future energy challenges to enable the transition to lower emissions energy future.
Prior to this role Dr Tourbier served as the Science Director and Deputy Director of the Energy
Business Unit and as the Director of the Australian Solar Thermal Research Institute (ASTRI)
providing the vision, direction and strategic oversight for the delivery, adoption and impact of the
ASTRI objectives.
Prior to joining CSIRO, Dr Tourbier worked at General Electric (GE) for over 20 years and held
various leading positions in corporate research including the leadership roles of GE’s solidoxide fuel cell (SOFC) division in California, the global power electronics technology researchgroup and, most recently, GE’s European research division.
Dr Tourbier received his masters in aerospace engineering from the University of Stuttgart andhis PhD in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona. He also received his MBAfrom the UCLA Anderson School of Management.

90

性質

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Endua (CSIRO, Ampol,
Main Sequence Ventures)
Australia.

This technology is currently
being commercialised throughEndua (CEO Paul Sernia).
https://www.endua.com/

Hadean Energy

This technology is currently
being commercialised throughHadean Energy

Development of PEM electrolysis technology and kW class systems for distributed and off-grid applications
Development of low cost electrolysis cells,
stacks, BOP and control & safety system forbuilding 1-2 kW PEM electrolysers.

2021 - 2025

Development of solid oxide electrolysis for steam / CO2 electrolysis for production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid
fuels

Dr Sarb Giddey / CSIRO

Development of catalysts, materials, cell
designs for steam / CO2 electrolysis to build aprototype reactor that consumes less than 40 Dr Gurpreet Kaur / CSIRO
kWh/kg hydrogen for integration with liquid
fuels synthesis reactor

2016 - 2026

Basic R&D for novel pathways for electrochemical ammonia synthesis using renewable sources of electricity.
2019 - 2025
Develop various options for efficient modular
design ammonia synthesis.

Basic R&D for subsurface hydrogen exploration, including geogenic (natural) hydrogen, subsurface hydrogengeneration (orange hydrogen).
2019 - 2026

Production

Exploring the potential for ammonia recovery from wastewater with bipolar membrane electrodialysis.

2019 - 2023
Development and demonstration of direct thermochemical reactors for production of hydrogen, syngas and liquid fuelsusing beam-down field configuration
2019 - 2022

Various basic R&D work on elecrolysers, including inceasing the service life of polymer membranes and assessing theoption/feasibility
2022 - 2025

Dr Gurpreet Kaur / CSIRO

Relates to the development ofsolid oxide electrolysis (SOE) for
steam / CO2 electrolysis for
CSIRO Hydrogen FSP /strategic areas of research, production of hydrogen, syngas
and liquid fuels, as well as
RMIT University/ Korean
prworking on proof of concept
research institute offor modular ammonia synthesis
chemical technology
technologies

Understand geoscience to identify best
Dr Ema Frery, Dr Marina
locations for geogenic hydrogen exploration and
Pervukhina / CSIRO
potential for subsurface hydrogen production

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP

Develop catalysts (graphine/CNT, biological),materials and cell design for ammonia
synthesis.

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP,
Western Australia Water
corporation

Dr Sebastien Allard/ CSIRO

Geogenic hydrogen exploration
attract interest from some
Australian exploration companies

Relates to ammonia production
from wastewater

Development of catalysts, materials, cell
designs for direct steam / H2 reaction, to build
Jin-Soo Kim / CSIRO
a prototype reactor for 250kWth solar field withliquid fuels synthesis reactor

ARENA, Niigata University,
https://arena.gov.au/projects/sol
Japan Institute of Appliedar-thermochemical-hydrogenEnergy (IAE)
research-and-development/

Those projects relates to the incease of theservice life of polymer membranes, assessing
Various - contact Dr Nikolai
the option/feasibility of salt water electrolysis
Kinaev / CSIRO
and understanding the effects of intemittency
on electrolyser performance

Various

Integrating solar thermal into microbial
digestion of biological waste for hydrogen andammonia production

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP

Integrated hydrogen and ammonia production from organic wastes

2019 - 2024

Dr Andrew Beath /CSIRO

Basic R&D for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation using perfect photo-absorber materials
Australia

CSIRO

Develop catalysts and semiconductor materials
Dr Noel Duffy / CSIRO+ cell design for hydrogen generation

2019 - 2023

91

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP /RMIT University

Next stage of projects will lookat larger scale systems forincreased generation.

Australia
Institute/
Country

CSIRO
Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Development of metal membrane based reactor for ammonia production at low pressures by sourcing hydrogen
directly from a PEM electrolyser

Lead person / Organization

Development of catalysts, membranematerials, interfacial designs, and a prototype
Dr Sarb Giddey / CSIRO
system to produce ammonia at a kg scale fromrenewable electricity.

2014 - 2022

Development of solid state hydrogen compressor for domestic use (small scale re-fuelling of fuell cell electric vehicles)/ Fundamental research into metal hydride materials capable of compressing H2 using low grade heat sources (2018 Development of a prototype solid state H2
2021)
compressor designed to deliver 350 bar H22018 - 2025

Partnership (if any)

Related information

ARENA, Orica, GRDC

Moving into the next stage ofcommercialisation

Dr Ashleigh Cousins /CSIRO(Domestic) Griffith
University

https://research.csiro.au/hydrog
enfsp/

Various - contact Dr Nikolai
Kinaev / CSIRO

VariousDr. David Wong / CSIRO(Domestic) Fortescue
Future Industries

Various - contact Dr Nikolai
Kinaev / CSIRO

Various

Basic R&D in subsurface hydrogen storage
2018 - 2025

Understanding the hydrogen storage potential
in underground reservouirs and shale lenses

Current

Commercialisation of CSIRO's metal membrane technology. This project aims to scale up the production of CSIRO's
Transportation hydrogen separation membranes and construct two pilot plants each capable of producing 200kg/day of fuel cell quality Demonstrate the viability of exporting hydrogenhydrogen from decompossed ammonia.
in the form of ammonia and extracting ultra/Storagehigh purity hydrogen at the point of use with aproduction rate of 200kg/day.

2019 - 2022
Current

Basic R&D into new carriers and pathways for hydrogen storage and distribution
Direct production technologies for methanol
and ammonia, as well as increasing ourunderstanding of ortho-para conversion ofhydrogen during liquefaction and newconversion processes for LOHCs.

2019 - 2025

Basic R&D for direct ammonia utilisation in a solid oxide fuel cell for power generation
2019 - 2024
Ammonia Cracking using Catalytic Static Mixers
2021 - 2023

https://research.csiro.au/hydrog
enfsp/Develop catalysts, materials and cell design forammonia cracking and hydrogen oxidation in
Dr Sarb Giddey/ CSIRO
the fuel cell.

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP /strategic areas of research,
RMIT University

Developing modular small scale ammonia
cracker

Dr John Chiefari

CSIRO Hydrogen FSP

Thos work relates to thepotential on-line ammonia c

Developing technologies to address hydrogen
flame issues (stability, lack of radiant heat)

Dr Jim Patel/ CSIROCSIRO Hydrogen FSP

On the pathway for working withcommercial partners

Understand thermodynamics and kinetics of
direct reduction of Australian Iron ores withAmmonia

Dr Mark Pouncby /CSIROCSIRO Hydrogen
FSP,Swinburn University

HRS to support local mobility projects

Patrick Hartley/CSIRO

H2ES FSP Hydrogen Utilisation in Heat & Power Systems
2019 - 2024

Iron Production Using Ammonia as a Reductant
2022 - 2025
Hydrogen refuelling station
Utilisation
Ammonia combustion in modified diesel engines

Slow-speed ammonia engines allow distributed
power generation without the need for cracking
Dr Louis Wibberley / CSIRO FMG
to H2, and also support decarbonisation of
global shipping

2019 - 2025

92

Leandro Michels, Ph.D

•
•
•
•
•

Associate Professor at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
Director of Smart Grid Institute (INRI) - UFSM
Coordinator of the Unit of Brazilian Company of Research and Industrial Innovation(EMBRAPII) on Distributed Energy Resources
Coordinator of laboratory for testing photovoltaic inverters - accredited by
INMETRO-Brazil (National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial
Quality)
Coordinator of the IEC national commission for Photovoltaic Systems (TC82)

2007
2008-20092009-

Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering - Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil,
Adjunct professor - Santa Catarina State University, Brazil
Associate professor - Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil

93

Leandro Michels
EducationllExperience

l
l
l
l

l

Technical
Activities

l
l

l

l

Scientific
Activitieslll

Bachelors in electrical engineering (UFSM, 2002).
Doctor in electrical engineering (UFSM, 2007)
Associate Professor at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil
Director of Smart Grid Institute (INRI) - UFSM
Coordinator of the Unit of Brazilian Company of Research and Industrial
Innovation (EMBRAPII) on Distributed Energy Resources
Coordinator of main laboratory for testing photovoltaic inverters in Brazil accredited by INMETRO (National Institute of Metrology Standardization
and Industrial Quality)
Productivity Scholarship in Technological Development and Innovative
Extension from National Council for Scientific and Technological
Development (CNPq) - category 1B
Coordinator of the IEC national commission for Photovoltaic Systems(TC82)
Project leader of standards committee of Brazilian Association ofTechnical Standards (ABNT) related to grid connection of distributed
energy resources
Member of committees that provide technical support to Brazilian
Agencies (INMETRO, ONS, and ANEEL) related to technical requirements
for distributed generation in Brazil
Participation in more than 15 R&D projects with n
ation
al an
d
international companies (7 as coordinator)
Author of more than 200 scientific articles published in journals andconferences
Supervisor of 9 Ph.D dissertations and 19 master's theses
Applicant for 9 invention patents (2 licensed) and 3 software registrations(1 licensed)

94

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
Jean-François Houle, Ph.D.
Vice-President of Engineering, Executive Lead for Climate Action,
National Research Council of Canada /Conseil National de Recherches Canada(NRC / CNRC)
1. Introduction
Clean energy, low-carbon technologies, GHG emissions reduction and climate change are highpriorities for all levels of government in Canada. These priorities are reflected in a multitude of
specific policy actions including but not limited to Canada’s commitment to the Paris Accord,
Mission Innovation, the Sustainable Development Policy, the Pan-Canadian Framework on
Clean Growth and Climate Change and numerous clean energy programs administered bydepartments responsible for Environment and Climate Change (ECCC), Innovation, Science andEconomic Development (ISED) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).
As the federal government’s primary research and technology organization, the NRC mandate is
to provide R&D support to public policy formation, innovation in industry and knowledge
development. The NRC catalyzes technology development within its own research facilities andby working alongside university, provincial and other federal science-based departments andlaboratories.
The NRC is a collaboration focused science and research organization that supports partners
from government, industry, and academia with over 3700 scientists, engineers, and technicians
across 24 R&D sites across Canada covering a range of economically important sectors fromEngineering to Life Sciences. NRC researchers work along the entire technology readiness scale,from fundamental research, to technology development and scale-up, to prototyping and fieldtesting.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
NRC conducts R&D activities across a wide range of clean energy technologies and applications.
Key R&D activities dedicated to adjacent areas of clean energy, but not specifically on hydrogenand CCUS discussed in the next section, include: Emissions reduction through electrification, concentrating on energy storage
technologies for both stationary and transportation applications, and integration of newtechnologies into grid and vehicle systems
 Development of bioenergy resources through improvement of biomass and organic waste
conversion, biofuel upgrading, and certification and integration of sustainable fuels Increasing fuel flexibility of conventional power generation technology such as gas
turbines
 Increase energy efficiency, productivity and clean energy use in mines to reduce
emissions and environmental impact
 Use of sustainable fuels and improving efficiency in aircraft, surface and marine vehicles
 Electrification of heavy and long-distance transportation
Develop, deploy and validate the energy performance of retrofit technologies for commercial
and institutional buildings95

3. Specific research activities
Canada has plentiful emissions-free and dispatchable hydroelectricity resources, but cold climate,sparse population and long distances create a mix of energy demand that is not amenable toelectrification and bioenergy alone. While global energy sector developments focus onelectrification and biofuels, the implementation pathways for these technologies do not fully
address Canada’s unique needs and a gap remains. Canadian emissions remain dominated by theoil and gas, emissions-intensive chemical processing industries, and long distance and heavytransportation sectors. All these sectors rely on fossil fuels. Projections suggest that for Canada
to meet its COP 21 commitments, a new disruptive and economically viable technology thatoffers an additional option for GHG emissions reduction in these sectors will be required.
The NRC has a rich history in supporting hydrogen and CCUS technologies. Examples include
the Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation in Vancouver where significant advances in fuel cell
technologies were achieved with Canadian, European and Japanese collaborators. The Algal
Carbon Conversion Program worked with large industrial emitters in the fossil fuel and cement
industries to capture and convert emissions to fuels.
NRC is tackling some of the emissions reduction gaps identified above through activities undera number of programs:

Materials for Clean Fuels (MCF) Challenge Program
The MCF Challenge Program, launched in summer 2019, is a 7-year $57M
collaborative research program to create a cleaner, more sustainable Canadian energy
and chemical industry through materials innovation. In this program the NRC iscollaborating with national and international leaders in academia and industry tocatalyze the discovery and development of materials for early-stage exploratory
technologies to decarbonize Canada's oil and gas and petrochemical sectors. The
program aims to develop new materials for zero-emission transportation fuels andchemical feedstocks across the continuum from discovery to commercialization, with a
specific emphasis on the development of high-risk, high-reward technologies at a low
TRL (1-4). The program focuses primarily on three themes:o CO2 conversion
o Industrial H2 productiono AI-accelerated materials discovery
Clean and Energy Efficient Transportation (CEET) Program
The CEET Program was launched this year and has more than 50 active projects andtarget funding of C$ 6 million per year. The program hosts NRC R&D activities
aimed at assisting industry and policy development in vehicle electrification andclean transportation sectors by focusing on technology development needs related to:o Aerodynamics
o Alternative Fuel Applicationso Batterieso Electrical Machines
o Fleet Energy Efficiency
o Hydrogen Applications
Advanced Clean Energy (ACE) Program

96

The ACE Program, currently being launched and incorporating the activities of previous
NRC programs, is a 7-year program with a total budget of C$50 million and 30 to 40
staff at NRC. The program focuses on key enablers for electrification and alternative
fuels to accelerate emissions reduction and the transition to a clean energy economy, tosupport Canada’s commitment to zero emissions by 2050. Alignment of these activities
with the global priorities identified by the IEA creates opportunities to work with
Canadian and international partners towards common goals. The ACE research
priorities are:o Energy Storage Materials and Devices
o Low Carbon Fuels
o HydrogenGreen Aviation Research
Canada is a major global player in aviation with a strong supply chain ranging fromaircraft and engine OEMs to major international airlines. With an approximate total of
340 staff members and yearly budget of $55M, NRC’s Aerospace Research Centre
supports Canada’s aerospace sector through collaborations with industry
partners/academia, providing access to unique facilities and expertise related toaerospace product development. This also includes R&D activities to support the decarbonization of the sector through focused R&D in four main thematic areas under anewly launched Low Emission Aviation Program (LEAP):o Aircraft Technology Integration - Develop, optimize and integrate low-carbon
technologies safely into aviation applications.
o Electrical Systems – Addresses technological and economical barriers inelectrical systems and thermal management for the electrification of aircraft
propulsion systems.
o Hydrogen Applications - Develop lightweight and safe hydrogen storage
solutions, integration of fuel cells into aircraft propulsion systems, andtechnologies for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and for combustion in aircraft
gas turbines.
o Battery Safety - Develop battery safety technologies that are optimized to provide
the energy density requirements for aircraft applications.

 Low Carbon Built Environment Challenge Program
The program focuses on 4 key areas in the construction sector:
Low carbon materials, products and systems will support the development, testing anddeployment at scale of both structural and non-structural carbon construction materials with low
and net-zero embodied carbon. Scope includes building envelope and interior materials andassemblies, as well as infrastructure materials and structural systems. The recycling/reuse of
construction waste as well as construction processes also fall within this theme.
Low carbon operations and maintenance solutions will support the development and deployment
at scale of technologies and practices that significantly reduce the GHG emissions during theoperational phase of buildings and infrastructure in Canada. The topics relevant to this theme
include asset management, infrastructure rehabilitation, the impact of low carbon retrofit andmaintenance solutions on the operational performance of buildings and infrastructure and theirservice life durability.
Carbon accounting, life cycle assessment (LCA) and benchmarking tools will develop andharmonize LCA practices, tools, and databases to facilitate high-quality and comparable results
across whole asset (buildings and infrastructure) projects using data provided by the first twothemes. It will also provide frameworks and methodologies to develop and use performancebased carbon emission benchmarks for the same assets. This will include a Centre of Excellence97for Construction LCA to generate knowledge needed to advance LCA practices and develop highquality LCA/LCI data for modelling of life-cycle carbon emissions.
Low carbon decision support tools will use knowledge from the other three themes to inform,
support deployment at scale and update tools and guidance to enable the evaluation and selectionof low carbon and sustainable products, materials and systems for retrofit, design, maintenance,
procurement and new built decision-support solution
 Construction Sector Digitalization and Productivity Challenge Program
The recently launched $65.9 million Construction Sector Digitalization and Productivity (CSDP)
challenge program will support new solutions to increase innovation potential and productivity
in the construction sector through the use of digital technologies. These solutions will help
empower construction professionals to innovate and choose fit-for-purpose, low-carbon building
solutions as well as advance Canada's construction sector by implementing building information
management across the value chain and reduce construction times through the use of offsite
construction. CSDP will advance three key areas in the construction sector:o Accelerating innovation through performance-based regulation;o Digitalization of construction processes; ando Accelerating low-carbon solutions and retrofits through advanced construction
practices.
4. International collaboration
NRC values international collaboration and actively works with international partners throughvarious mechanisms to advance clean technology R&D. The international partnerships are a key
aspect of building strategic platforms for future initiatives and opportunities, and NRC plays acentral role to connect the key stakeholders in domestic and international innovation ecosystems.
In 2019, NRC opened its first international offices in Japan and in Germany to facilitate closer
interactions and collaborations, and reflecting a growing commitment to facilitate broad,international exposure of its research and researchers. As we opened our Japan office at thesame time that the 2019 RD20 was held, NRC and AIST also signed an MOU on researchcooperation, with several opportunities for collaborative projects now being explored. Other
MOUs facilitate our work with key international partners such as UKRI in the U.K., RWTH
Aachen and DLR in Germany and KIAT in Korea.
Additionally, through delivering Canada’s associate membership in EUREKA, the NRC
provides funding to support Canadian firms and innovators to undertake co-innovation projects
with Europe and beyond. NRC worked with NEDO just recently in a EUREKA Globalstars(consortia) call for proposal to support collaborative R&D projects between Canadian SMEs andJapanese corporations.
Relationships with the US Department of Energy research laboratories, particularly ARPA-E andthe National Renewable Energy Laboratory, are maintained to coordinate NRC work towards
clean energy solutions with those in the US.
International joint R&D activities
The following ongoing projects involve international: Materials assessment and quality control of fuel cell technologies for surface transportapplications: Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), NREL (USA), CEA (France), HySA (South
Africa) Energy Storage Model Development with IEA ECES Annex 32: IEA ECES Member
Countries

98Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries: AIST (Japan)
Advanced manufacturing and design solutions for electric motors: Boeing (USA)Low Emission Burner development for turbine application: Korean Institute ofMachinery and Materials (Korea)
 Engine Inlet Velocity Profile Effects: GKN Aerospace Engine Systems (UK)
 Alternative Fuels to 100LL: Federal Aviation Administration (USA) National Jet Fuel Combustion Project: International consortium including FAA (USA),engine OEMs, more than 10 universities from USA and UK, and DLR (Germany) Thermal Runaway Initiation Methodology (TRIM) Evaluation of technology withseveral international clients: Germany (BRP-Rotax, TUV, Mercedes-Benz), Sweden(NorthVolt) Europe (Joint Research Commission), Japan (JARI), not to mention
receiving interest from the United States and China

Green Aviation Research
In the short-term (3-5 years), NRC is prioritizing research and technology development forelectrification of aircraft propulsion of up to 1-2MW class engines or smaller. Also in the shorter
term, the focus of our research on hydrogen is in realizing viable, hydrogen-fueled combustion
systems for aero gas turbines, and in aspects related to hydrogen safety, storage and distribution.
In the medium to longer-term, electrification initiatives for larger class of aircraft, and alsohydrogen employment with fuel cells are anticipated to be of greater relevance.
International joint projects at NRC have been primarily selected based on their alignment to NRC
research programs, relevancy of the anticipated research outputs for our clients and partners, aswell our ability to add unique value proposition to the overall collaboration.
One of the main best practices from the NRC has been the use of a “3+2” format for several
international calls for proposals. This format allows the NRC, Canadian industry and academia
to collaborate with industry and academia from a partner country (including research institutes).
Under this scheme, each country funds its own researchers and industry. We believe the 3+2
format to be a good model as it accelerates commercialization. NRC intends to pursue this model.
Funding is crucial to enabling research and international collaboration. When collaboratinginternationally, organizations in each country typically have to apply for funding independently.
Misalignment of calls’ timing in each country may prevent collaborations from taking place. Thisapproach may also lead to one organization securing funding while the other does not, resulting
in a limited project scope or the project not being pursued. Joint funding mechanisms would
therefore greatly facilitate international cooperation.
5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Canada is developing a plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 and will set legally-binding,
five-year emissions reduction milestones. The government will increase clean electricity, invest
in greener buildings and communities, accelerate the electrification of transportation, and adopt
nature-based climate solutions.
A 2019 analysis shows that in 2030, Canada’s emissions are projected to be 227 million tons

99

(Mt) below what was projected in 2015. This is a historic level of emissions reductions. Policies
and measures now in place, including those introduced in the last year, are projected to achievea level of emissions 28 million tons lower by 2030 than 2018’s projections.
The dependence on fossil fuel feedstocks of the energy and chemical industry presents animportant emissions challenge for Canada. Liquid fuels remain the densest form of consumableenergy and despite penetration of electric vehicles, will be required for freight, flight, and homeheating for the foreseeable future. The demand for emissions-heavy petrochemicals such as
ethane and naphtha continues to grow given the downstream use of these feedstocks to
manufacture consumer goods such as personal care items, food preservatives, fertilizers andfurnishings that will be needed in higher quantities to supply a growing worldwide middle class.
A less CO2 emissions intensive alternative to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks must be
found in order to mitigate future CO2 emissions.
There is a growing need for low-carbon technology alternatives to current CO2 emissions-heavy
processes that produce chemicals and fuels. Concurrently, global societal need for chemicals andfuels continues to grow, especially in developing economies.
The NRC will continue to develop hydrogen and CCUS technologies for uptake andimplementation by Canadian industry. In addition to the Materials for Clean Fuels Challenge
Program, the NRC is currently engaged in several other clean energy initiatives including thelaunch of the Advanced Clean Energy program in 2021 to address energy storage, bio-energy
and hydrogen applications.
Research Centres across the NRC continue to conduct further R&D on clean energy technologies,
integration and use in transportation, manufacturing and other end-use areas

100Jean-François Houle, Ph.D.

.

Vice-President of Engineering, Executive Lead for Climate Action, National ResearchCouncil of Canada / Conseil National de Recherches Canada (NRC / CNRC)
1996 Ph.D. McGill University
1995-2000 UT Southwester Medical Centre, Dallas
2000-2004 SYNX Pharma
2004-2012 Axela Inc.
2012-2014 Kapplex Inc.
2014 National Research Council of Canada

101Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Hydrogen and Climate Partnership (H2CliP) - A new hydrogen network between Canada and Germany as a key component ofa climate-neutral energy system2022-2025

Autonomous Adaptive Design & Discovery of Acid-Stable OER Catalysts
2023-2026

HYER: Modeling of electrolysis plant2022-2025

Advanced non-precious metal oxide anodes for AEM and PEM water electrolyzers
2023-2026

Materials For Increasing the durability of oxygen evolution catalysts for green hydrogen and for CO2 utilization: Accelerated Testing and
Clean Fuels Modeling of Electrocatalysts at Industrially Relevant Conditions
Challenge (H2Production
2023-2026
Thrust)Stand-Alone Photoelectrochemical Tandem Devices for Overall-Water Splitting

2023-2026

102

Target / Goal Outcome
Material acceleration pipeline for the theoreticaland experimental design, synthesis, and testingof acid-stable OER catalysis. Infrastruture
development (automated powder synthesis,
electrode fabrication, andcharacterization/performance testing) andtheory/simulation integration into the accelerated
discovery pipeline.

Lead person /Organization
Black, RobertPartnership (if any)
University of Toronto

The objective of this project is to develop a
Fatih, Khalid
dynamic model of a renewable electrolysis plant
to inform optimal operating and design conditions
for improved electrolyser efficiencies

Pulsenics (Canada), The
Universite du Quebec a TroisRivieres (Canada), Segula
GhbH (Germany), Universityof Bayreuth (Germany), theUniversity of Victoria (Canada)

The main goal of this project is to reduce the cost Fatih, Khalidof hydrogen by enhancing the durability andperformance of the PEM electrolyzer. Specifically,
project will focus on identifying PEM electrolyzer
degradation mechanisms, material characteristics
and operating parameters that govern thisdegradation. This research will be carried out
through a combination of electrochemical testingand synchrotron spectromicroscopy imaging.

University of Toronto

This work aims at development of a novel
Fatih, Khalid
platform for development of advanced low-cost
non-precious metal oxide electrocatalysts andrigorous comparative testing from half-cells toelectrolysers for both PEM and AEM applications

University of British ColumbiaThis project will discover highly active and stable Fatih, Khalid
Ir-free acidic OER electrocatalysts with the aimof circumventing reliance on precious Ir-based
OER catalysts used in polymer electrolyte
membrane water electrolyzers

University of Toronto

Converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel by
Hui, Shiqiang
utilizing a tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC)
system with the main goal of generating a robust,
scalable, and low cost proccessing solution ofsolar energy technologies. The Contribution from
NRc will be delivery of feasible fabrication
process for MoS2 catalyst layer on the cathodeside.

University of British Columbia

Related information

Institute/
Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)2022-2025

Lead person /Organization
The goal of this project is to develop a reactor for Kim, Keun Su
sustainable cogeneration of hydrogen, heat andalumina from combustion of recycled aluminumwith water

2023-2024

This work aims to explore the acoustic
Kruger, Silvio
assistance to achieve higher efficiency in
Eltonelectrochemical reactions bringing down cost thatis necessary for energy transition.

Sub Theme
AL-H20-REAC: Germany Novel Al. Reactor

Target / Goal Outcome

External Field Assisted Hydrogen Production

INTEGRATE: Innovative alkaline membrane-electrode designs for low-cost green hydrogen at gigawatt scale

Hydrogen2022-2025

A self-driving laboratory for CO2 utilization
National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaThis project is designed to accelerate thedevelopment of a reactor that converts CO2
capture solutions into valuable commodity
chemicals

2023-2026

Hydrail Risk Assessment, Codes & Standards [2021-2026]

Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation

Risk Assessment of Hydrogen and Battery Powerin Locomotives- Development of broad knowledge about therisks and hazards associated with hydrogen andbattery technologies- Application of Risk Mitigation Research to RealWorld Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rail Locomotive Inservice Use

Current

2021 - 2026

Development of H2 combustion technology.
[2018-2022]

This project involves the design and optimization Qu, Weiof a novel AEM electrolyser designed for the GW
market to minimize the cost of hydrogenproduction through the development of highperformance, stable electrodes based on nonnoble catalysts
Song, Datong

Partnership (if any)
GH Power (Canada), Carleton
University (Canada), ParteQ
GmbH (Germany), RWTH
Aachen (Germany)

Ionomr (Canada), Simon
Fraser University (Canada),
Sunfire GmbH (Germany),
Fraunhofer IFAM (Germany)

University of British Columbia

Elton Toma

(Domestic) Transport Canada,
University of British Columbia,
Natural Resources Canada

Combustion
Technologies
for Stationary
Applications

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/towards-net-zeroemission-railway-systemhydrogen-powered-trains

Current

Supported development of a H2-fuelled gas
turbine combustion system for a multi-national
OEM through high-pressure rig testing.

NanthanRamachandran(Domestic) Multi-national
Engine OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

Dr. Patrizio Vena

Current

Develop and optimize a novel gas turbine fuelinjection system for hydrogen-enriched fuels.

(Domestic) Multi-national
Engine OEM

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

2018 - 2022

Next generation land-based gas turbine combustors[2018-2022]

Related information

2018- 2022

103

Institute/
Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Combustion
Sub Theme
Technologies
for Stationary Hydrogen enriched turbulent flame behaviour
Applications [2018-2023]

Target / Goal Outcome
Gain a fundamental understanding of physicalmechanisms that govern hydrogen-enrichedflamesCurrent

Lead person /Organization
Dr. Patrizio Vena

Partnership (if any)

(Domestic) McGill University, https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchMulti-national Engine OEM

collaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

2018- 2021
Current
Current Current

Low Emission Burner development for turbine application.
[2018-2021]

Current

Develop low emission combustion technologies
for turbine application of gaseous fuels with H2enriched blends

Dr. Sean Yun

Development of an LCA-based methods toassess the carbon intensity of hydrogenproduction pathways relevant to Canada

Dr. Giovanna
GonzalesCalienes(International) Korean Institutehttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/reseof Machinery and Materials

arch-development/researchcollaboration/programs/bioe
nergy-systems-viablestationary-applicationsprogram

2018- 2021
Current
Current Current

Life Cycle Based Methodology Development to Assess the Carbon Intensity of Hydroge Production Pathways (2022-2026)
Current(Domestic) NRCan, ECCC
Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

2022-2026
Current
Current Current

Gap Analysis in Codes and Standards Across the Hydrogen Value Chain (2022-2026)

An analysis of existing codes and standards
Mr. Manuelacross the hydrogen value chain, from production Hernandez
to end use, will help identify gaps and address
those to enable the deployment of hydrogentechnologies in Canada

Current

2022-2026
Hydrogen Distribution and Storage Infrastructure
Advanced
Clean Energy[2023-2028]

2019 - 2021
Data Management and Analysis of Hydrogen Refueling Stations[2019-2024]

Develop core competencies in regard to theanalysis of Hydrogen refueling station data, gain
expertise in the applicable fueling protocols, andbuild data analysis template on the existing data

Current

2019 - 2024
Advanced water electrolysis for hydrogen production[2023-2028](Domestic) NRCan, Transport
Canada, CSA

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

Aminul Islam
Investigation and testing of embrittlement of
NG/H2 blends in pipelines, as well as H2
detection and coating for embrittlement mitigation

Current

Related information

Office of Energy Researchand Development, Enbridge,
Dalhousie
Cyrille DécèsPetit

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada(Domestic) Natural Resources Advanced Clean Energy
program - National Research
Canada, Transport Canada,
Measurement Canada, HTEC Council Canada

Alison Platt
Development and investigation of various aspectsof water electrolyzers including porous transportlayer, PEM and AEM performance

Current

2019 - 2021

104

Office of Energy Researchand Development, Ionomr

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
ML-assisted discovery, optimization, and modeling of CO2 Conversion, from material innovation to system optimization,using high-throughput/automated platforms and AI-guided approaches
2023-2028

AI-guided High-Throughput Experimental Discovery of HEO/HEN Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

2023-2025

In Situ/Operando Characterization of Electrochemical CO2 Conversion Materials
22023-2026

Design, synthesis and characterization of organic molecules for carbon capture2023-2025

Advanced nanocomposite membranes for low-cost CO2 capture and conversion
2023-2028

Plasmon-enhanced CO2 Valorization for Scalable and Sustainable Electrolysis

This project seeks to develop a combined highthroughput experimental and density functional
theory workflow that is informed by artificial
intelligence to discover novel high entropy oxide
oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts.

105

Partnership (if any)
Natural Resources CanadaBlack, Robert

University of Toronto

This project will develop correlative operandoBlack, Robertspectroscopy and microscopy techniques toenable a comprehensive understanding ofmaterials that drive sustainable energy conversion
processes.

McMaster University

This project is to develop a new electrochemical
technology for carbon capture. We will design,and synthesize two catogries of redox materials
with high solubility and stability and high oxygen
torerance for electrochemical pH swing carbon
captureChen, Shuai

University of Toronto

The objective of this project is to developping
robust polymer nanocomposite membranes andcatalytic membrane for CO2 capture andconversion.

Cho, Jae-Young

Natural Resources CanadaThis work will combine high-speed manufacturing Houache,
processes and catalysis to produce opticallyMohamed
active surfaces for plasmon-enhanced catalysis.
Plasmon-enhanced CO2 reduction will beelectrochemically converted into value-added
products to provide a cost-effective and scalable
industrial solution for reducing CO2 levels

2023-2028

National

Lead person /Organization
This project will demonstrate materials
Aranguren vanacceleration principles as applied to the discovery Egmond, Derekand design of CO2R catalyst materials. A
combination of High Throughput Experimentation,
data analytics and AI-driven material optimization
will identify new candidate chemistries andprocess design.
Target / Goal Outcome

Natural Resources Canada

Related information

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Materials for In-situ Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Chemical Feedstocks

Target / Goal Outcome
The goal of this project is to develop innovative
multifunctional composites to capture and convert
CO2 to MeOH in situ. The two key objectives will
be met at laboratory-scale: 1) Design, synthesize
and characterize a multifunctional composite that
can achieve a CO2 adsorption capacity of at least
1 mmol/g in the temperature range of 180-240 ˚C(CO2 pressure 0 - 1 atm); 2) Convert CO2 to
MeOH in the temperature range of 180-240 ˚C.
The third key objective will be: scale-up synthesis
and demonstration of the multifunctional
composite for CO2 capture and conversion it to
MeOH at pilot-scale.

2023-2028

National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaRenewable electricity and Emissions direct Conversion to low-carbon energy

Lead person /Organization
Hui, Shiqiang

This project aims to mature a new Power-to-X
Lotfi, Samiratechnology for the one-step conversion of flue gas
into low-carbon syngas

2023-2026

In-situ studies of catalyst evolution duing thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2

The project involves combination of cost-effective Patarachao,
catalyst synthesis, advanced characterization, in- Bussaraporn
situ testing and capability development todetermine optimal thermal treatment condition andimprove catalyst activity/selectivity leading to
optimal methanol yield. This project aims toadvance the existing research on the
Thermocatalytic hydrogenation for CO2
conversion and foster transformative technologies
to sustainably transition Canada's energy andchemical industries to a low-carbon economy.

2023-2025

Development of harmonized CCU/H2 datasets and integration in NRC’s Data Hub

This project aims to identify and assess Carbon Shadbahr, Jalil
Dioxide Removal (CRD) pathways to enable
Canada to achieve its long-term climate change
mitigation targets. The platform to be developed
will enable a continuous/seamless 3-way
approach to connect laboratory data, LCI/LCCI
datasets, and sustainability assessment and help
refine research focus and accelerate timely
decision-making for policy development and future
R&D investments.

2023-2028

106

Partnership (if any)
Natural Resources Canada

University of Sherbrooke

Related information

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs
Lead person /Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)Organization
Development and demonstration of a microbial electrosynthesis platform for carbon dioxide conversion to medium chain fatty The goal of this project is to achieve CO2
Tartakovsky,
acids
conversion to medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), Boris
such as caproate, through microbial
2023-2028
electrosynthesis, which combines production ofshort chain fatty acids and chain elongation.
Project outcomes include this novel microbial
electrosynthesis platform and process scale-up
evaluation.

Upgrading CO2 To 1,3-Butanediol and Medium Chain Oleochemicals via Catalysis-Enhanced Microbial Electrosynthesis
2023-2025

Fundamental understanding and catalytic performance improvement of single-atom catalysts and electrode engineering for
direct conversion of carbon capture solutions using a bicarbonate electrolyzer
CCUS

2023-2028

3D Printed Sensors for CO2 Pipeline Damage Detection & Structural Health Monitoring2023-2026

Plasma-Modified Adsorbents for Carbon Capture (PlasMA 4 CO2)2023-2028

107

This collaboration is aimed at developing
microbial consortia (wild-type and engineered cocultures) for effective CO2 conversion to shortand medium chain fatty acids and butanediols.
Outcomes include microbial co-cultures suitablefor high rate CO2 conversion to high value
products in a microbial electrosynthesis system.

Tartakovsky,
Boris

Partnership (if any)
Natural Resources Canada

University of Toronto

This project will combine single-atom catalysis Zhang, Lei(SAC) synthesis and electrode fabrication into a
new, continuous, cost-effective manufacturing
process, which will produce highly efficient SACs
in a scalable electrode design, with continuous
pore structure and high utilization. The work will
generate new capabilities in cost-effective nonnoble metal SACs and advanced FSE technology
for directly converting carbon capture solutions
into value-added chemical compounds using abicarbonate electrolyzer.

Natural Resources CanadaThis project's objective is to demonstrate
Aranguren vanconformally 3D printed (non-planar) piezoelectric Egmond, Derek
ultrasound transducers, with novel architectures
directly patterned onto pipeline segments. The
sensor prototypes will be geared toward detectionof structural defects unique to CO2 transport
pipelines, and their 3D printed architectures will
be designed to match this application.

Natural Resources CanadaThis project aims at enhancing the adsorption
capacity and selectivity of carbon-based andmetal-oxide solid adsorbents using non-thermal
plasma treatments, followed by forming thesuper-adsorbents into filters via 3D printing or
densification routes.

Natural Resources Canada,
ArcelorMittal Dofasco(Canada)Asgarian, Ali

Related information

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
Smart Molecule Discovery and Process Optimization for Electrochemical Carbon Capture

Target / Goal Outcome
This project focuses on development of anelectrochemical pH-swing technique that capturesand releases CO2 by shifting the pH of a working
fluid between basic and acidic conditions with thegoal of reducing energy consumption via new
redox molecules as proton coupled electrontransfer (PCET) active agents.

2023-2028

Materials and System Development for Membrane-Based Direct Air Capture

Lead person /Organization
Chen, Shuai

Partnership (if any)
Natural Resources Canada

The goal of this work is to design and synthesize Du, Naiying
a series of novel polymeric materials, fabricate
polymeric nanocomposite membranes, anddevelop an efficient membrane-based direct air
capture (m-DAC) process from lab scale to a pilot
scale.

Natural Resources Canada

CarboGeoSensing: Development of real-time sensing methods at the pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases This work aims at filling the gaps between
El Haddad,of in-situ assessment of ex-situ carbon sequestration in geological matrices
mineralization processes and on-site sensing for Josettefast, accurate and low cost mineralization. The
objective is to develop a new and robust global
2023-2028
sensor solution built on an optimized combinationof new, efficient leading-edge laser, optical andultrasonic technologies.

Natural Resources Canada

Capture of low concentration CO2 by advanced MOFs materials

Natural Resources Canada

2023-2028

This project will improve the stability of MOF
Hui, Shiqiang
materials under operation conditions by designand selection of new MOFs with hydrophobic
properties and chemical stability towards moisture
to eliminate the adverse effect of H2O on theCO2 capture. The project will deliver enhanced
capture capacity of MOFs materials for low
concentration CO2-containing flue gas streams by
integration of novel functional materials such as
promoters and linkers into MOFs to compare withbenchmark materials commonly used, such asactivated carbon (AC) and MOFs without
functional components. This project also is also
exploring different scalable synthesis routes toreduce the cost of MOF materials.

2023-2028

Clean
production
Program (CO2
Capture ThrustHybrid biotechnology for mineral carbonation in mine tailings

This work aims to develop a biotechnology using Kaur, Kamalpreet Natural Resources Canada
microorganisms to catalyze CO2 carbonation inminerals and metallurgical wastes , forming stable
metal carbonates.

2023-2028

Physics Informed Machine Learning for Carbon Mineralization Prediction and Its Integrated Toolbox

The target is to use machine learning to predictthe carbon mineralization capacity in mine
wastes. The carbon minerilzation models will be
developed and integrated into the machinelearning toolbox to improve the prediction
accuracy and reliability.

2023-2028

108

Ma, Liang

Natural Resources Canada

Related information

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Accelerated ex-situ CO2 Mineralization using Industrial Solid Wastes for Production of Long-live Products

Lead person /Organization
The main objectives of this project are to develop Patarachao,
methodologies to accelerate the reaction rate for Bussaraporn
ex-situ CO2 mineralization using different types ofindustrial solid wastes available in Canada as wellas to estimate carbonation efficiency andcapacity, evaluate the improvement on physicaland chemical properties of the carbonated productas well as long-term stability of the captured CO2
and benchmark of the accelerated ex-situ CO2
mineralization technology based on scalability,
economic and environmental indicators.
Target / Goal Outcome

2023-2028

Decarbonization of pyrometallurgical routes through data-driven optimization provided by online LIBS

This work aims at helping decarbonizing hightemperature processes on heavy industry byproviding real-time chemical analysis of moltenmaterial by laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS).

2023-2028

Weld overlay coating and inspection/monitoring technologies for cost-effective CO2 transportation

Soares de Lima
Filho, E

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Natural Resources Canada

Natural Resources Canada

The potential will be investigated to use selective Wang, Sheng-Hui Natural Resources Canada
and adaptive weld overlay coatings of corrosionresistant alloys on carbon steels for localized
corrosion prevention, mechanical enhancement,
and/or weld repair to meet performancerequirements of CO2 pipelines and ancillaryequipment for safe transport of CO2. A laser
ultrasonic system will be developed for pipeline
hard coating inspection, and integrated ultrasonicsensors advanced for in-service monitoring of
CO2 transportation pipelines.

2023-2028

Integration of thermochemical and biological processes for enhanced conversion of challenging organic wastes into fungible fuels
Current

2019 - 2028
2023
2023

[2023-2028]

Low carbon fuel production through integrated
systems of thermochemical and biochemical
conversion technologies using food waste andplastic feedstocks

Dr. Laurent
Spreutals(Domestic) Ecole
Polytechnique, Natural
Resources Canada

Conversion of food waste to biocrude in various
blends utilizing hydrothermal liquefaction andsubsequent utilization for upgrading to SAF.

Dr. Devinder
Singh(Domestic) Natural Resources
program - National Research
CanadaAdvanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

Drop-in Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from Low Quality Waste Feedstocks [2023-2028]
Current

2019 - 2028
2023
2023
2022

Current

Advanced
Clean Energy
Program

109

Advanced Clean Energy
Council Canada

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Switching from Fossil Fuels to Hydrogen/Ammonia in Heavy Industry Power Generation Processes

Target / Goal Outcome

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Development and implementation of advanced CI
for hydrogen and/or ammonia utilization to
Dr. Hongsheng
understand emissions reduce barriers to theGuoadoption in HDVs and marine.

(Domestic) Environment andClimate Change Canada,
Natural Resources Canada,
Caterpillar Engines

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

Utilizing the emissions from the steel industry tobiochemically convert to natural gas to displacefossil energy and reduce emissions(Domestic) Canadian Steel
Advanced Clean Energy
Producers Association,
program - National Research
McMaster University, CTTEI,Council Canada
Natural Resources Canada[2023-2028]

Current

Advanced
Clean Energy
Program2020 - 2028
2023
2023
2022

Lead person /Organization

Current

Promising opportunity to reduce Iron and Steel industry energy/feedstock needs and CO2 emissions
utilizing residual CO-rich gases [2023-2028]
Current

2020 - 2028
2023
2023

Ms. Ruxandra
Albu Cimpoia

Harmonized and integrated data-driven LCA/TEA platform and case studies for carbon waste to fuels with carbon capture and storage [2023-2028]
Current

2019 - 2028
2023
2023

Current
Current

Metal fuel for energy carrier from renewable energy source[2020-2021]
Aerospace
Research
CentreCurrent

Integration of lifecycle analysis andtechnoeconomic platforms as a comprehensive
Dr. Farid
decision making tool on the production of various
Bensebaa
gaseous and liquid biofuels from biomasssources, including residuals and MSW(Domestic) Queen's
Unviersity, Agriculture
Canada, Environment andClimate Change Canada,
Natural Resources Canada

Validate the potential of using metal fuel as anenergy carrier for renewable energy sources

Dr. Sean Yun(Domestic) McGill University

Dr. Yaser AbuLebdeh

Domestic (University of British Advanced Clean Energy
Columbia), Korean Institute of program - National ResearchCouncil Canada
Energy Research2020 - 2021

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

Current
Current

Next Generation Materials for Solid-State Batteries [2023-2028]
To design and synthesize composite electrolytematerials and fabrication processes with greater
flexibility and chemical stability along withprocesses

Current
Current

20192023-- 2028
2023
2022

Current
Current

Improved Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Performance [2023-2028]
Current

To understand and model phenomena occurring inthe VRFB and their mechanisms from aDr. Roberto
fundamental perspective in order to improve
Neagu
specific materials and components.

2019 - 2028
2023
2023

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

Current
Current

Enhancing the End-Of-Life Recyclability of EV batteries [2023-2028]
To develop testing standards and diagnostic tools
for the remanufacture/repurpose of end of life
batteries, investigate the potential for direct anoderegeneration, develop novel elemental separation Andriy Plugatyr
techniques of anode and cathode materials, andunderstand the economic and environmental
impact of recycling.

Current

Advanced
Clean Energy
Program2019 - 2028
2023
2023
2022

Current

110

Advanced Clean Energy(Domestic) Natural Resources
program - National Research
Canada, Various recyclers
Council Canada

Clean Energy
ProgramInstitute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Detailed understanding and management of heat within a battery [2023-2028]

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person /Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Current

Investigation and development of novel methods
to manage heat within batteries

2019 - 2028
2023
2023
2022

Current

Dr. Dean MacNeil

Council Canada

Current

2nd Life EV batteries incorporating an optimized battery management system [2023-2028]

Current

Current

Investigation and development of novel diagnostic
tools for the repurposing of batteries at their end Dr. Yeong Yooof life2019 - 2028
2023
2023

Addressing the scaling challenges for Silicon Solid State Battery [2023-2028]
Current

Investigate different strategies to combine silicon
anodes with SSE in a battery in order to confirm Dr. Mathieu
if the improvements can be materialized andToupinscaled-up to the prototype level.

2023 - 2028

National
EnergyResearch
Manageme
Councilnt(NRC) /
Systems
CanadaAdvanced Clean Energy(Domestic) Natural Resources
program - National Research
CanadaQuasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for EV Li-metal batteries [2023-2028]

Study of QSSB by building on developments onpolymer and composite SSBs realized at NRC
during the last 12 years, as well as investigating Dr. Alexis
the manufacturability potential of such
Laforguetechnologies for scale up with NRC’s prototyping
line.

Current

2023 - 2028

Mitigating Non-uniform degradation in large format EV cells [2023-2028](Domestic) OERD,

Advanced Clean Energy
program - National ResearchCouncil Canada

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationprogram

Canadahttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationprogram
Canadahttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energyStudy non-uniform degradation in large-format EV(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationcells and propose new cell designs that will
Dr. Peter Kovacik
programCanadaCurrent

mitigate the issue.

2023 - 2028
Green Remanufacturing of Li-ion Battery Electrodes [2023-2028]
Current

Recover and remanufacture with green solvents,
sourced potentially from bio-feed, pristinematerials used during LiB manufacturing.

2023 - 2028
Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation Novel Thermal Management Strategies in EV Battery Systems [2023-2028]

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationDr. Régis Chenitz
programCanada, Novonix

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchExplore and characterize novel battery designs for(Domestic) Natural Resources collaboration/clean-energyelectric vehicles (EVs) focused on the reduction Richard Fréchette
efficient-transportationCanadaof the thermal management system complexity.
programCurrent

2023 - 2028

111

Transportation

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
Lithium Ion Battery Recycling - Graphite Regeneration Processing [2021-2024]

Target / Goal Outcome

2021 - 2024
Current

Evaulate the durability of battereis for electricvehicles2018 - 2024

Electric Vehicle Diagnostics and Propagation Testing [2018-2024]

To evaluate the potential for thermal propagationof an unspecified thermal event with an electricvehcile and its effect on the vehicle and vehicle
occupants

Current

2018 - 2024
Electrification of a mining Vehicle [2020-2024]

Related information
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/rese

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energyDr. Dean MacNeil (Domestic) Transport Canada efficient-transportationprogram
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energyDr. Dean MacNeil (Domestic) Transport Canada efficient-transportationprogram
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/rese

Current

To design and develop an electric propulsion
system, a battery technology and a charging
infrastructure for a mining vehicle

2020-2024

Materials for
Clean Fuels
Challenge
Program (AIAccelerated
Materails
Discovery)

Partnership (if any)

Development of a graphite recycling process that
arch-development/researchis industrially scalable and can play a significant(Domestic) Natural Resources collaboration/clean-energyDr. Régis Chenitz
role in future production of critical minerals in
Canadaefficient-transportationprogram
Canada.

Current

Electric Vehicle Battery Cell Testing [2018-2024]

Lead person /Organization

Artificial intelligence accelerated materials discovery for platinum-group-metal-free acid-stable oxygen evolution reaction
catalysts.
[2019-2021, potential renewal to 2026]
Current

Utilize high-throughput computational simulation
and artificial intelligence to screen for new mixed
metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction(Domestic) Natural Resources arch-development/researchCanada, CanMET Mines,
collaboration/clean-energyGuillaume Imbleau
Propulsion Québec, Nouveau- efficient-transportationChagnon
monde Graphite, TM4-Dana, program
Adria, Fournier & Fils, IVI
Dr. IsaacTambyln2019 - 2021
Automated robotics and unsupervised learning for the discovery of oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. [2019-2021, potential
renewal to 2026]
Current

Automated robotics and deep-learning platform to Dr. Isaac
iteratively discover new materials for the oxygen Tambyln
evolution reaction

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node(Domestic) University of/1616
Toronto(International) Carnegie Mellon
University (USA) / algorithm
and materials development(Domestic) University ofToronto(USA) / platform andmaterials development

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/node/1616

2019 - 2021
Devices for reduction of emissions from heavy duty automotive vehicles using conventional and renewable, low carbon fuels[2020-2022]
Current

2020-2022

The project aims to support broad adoption of low
carbon and renewable fuels and advanced ICE
Dr. Roberto
solutions in HDV and rail applications by
Neagu
improving the exhaust treatment chain.

Advanced manufacturing and design solutions for electric motors [2023-2028]
This project aims at developing electric motor
solutions for the automotive and aerospacesectors via the use of advanced manufacturing
and innovative designs.

Current

2023 - 2028

Clean andEnergy Efficient

112

Dr. Jean-Michel
Lamarrehttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationCanada
programhttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research(Domestic) Natural Resources collaboration/clean-energyCanada, Dana-TM4,
efficient-transportationPolycontrols, Rio Tinto Metal program

Powders

Institute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
Advanced manufacturing of NdFeB permanent magnets [2023-2028]

Target / Goal Outcome
Advanced manufacturing processes to produce
complex-shaped NdFeB magnets using Metal
Injection Moulding (MIM) and Laser Powder Bed
Fusion Additive-Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing(LPBF-ASHM) technologies.

Current

2023 - 2028

Clean andEnergy Efficient
Transportation

Lead person /Organization

Develop databases in support to public andgovernment users looking to evaluate andcompare of life cycle GHG emissions of electric(EVs) and conventional
vehicles (CVs).

2018-2024

Dr. Miyuru
Kannangara

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationCanada, Public Services and program

Procurement Canada

Aerodynamic Efficiency of Next-generation Zero-emission Heavy Duty Vehicles (ZEHDV) [2021-2024]
Drag-reduction, energy-savings and rangeextension potential using aerodynamicallyoptimized ZEHDV tractor concepts. Potentialchanges to the benefits of current trailer
aerodynamic technologies when paired withZEHDV shapes.

Current

2021-2024

Dr. Brian
McAuliffe

Energy savings from connected and autonomous vehicles [2023-2028]
Use vehicle-mounted perception sensors andinternet of vehicles (IoV) communication to obtain
situational awareness of evolving on-road traffic Dr. Brianso that the relative longitudinal and lateral
McAuliffe
positions of vehicles can be regulated to minimize
their collective energy consumption.

Current

2023 - 2028

(Domestic) Transport Canada

Validate high altitude performance andimprovement of small propulsor for the UAV
application

2021 - 2021
National
Research
Council(NRC) /
CanadaEngine Inlet Velocity Profile Effects [2018-2022]

Ontario Tech University

Current

Other

2018 - 2022
Advanced
Aircraft

Morphing Intakes: MI6 (AFI project) [2018-2021]

Dr. Hamza Abo el (Domestic) Carleton
ella
university, OEM

Design, build and complete scaled testing ofdistortion-tolerant fan for a variety of flow
Dr. Faezeh
conditions to serve as a test bed/proof of concept
Rasimarzabadi
for future full-scale engine BLI studies.

Current

Proof-of-concept of a morphing engine intake tooptimize the aerodynamic performance for anaircraft operating with boundary layer ingestion.

2018 - 2021

Current

113

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energyefficient-transportationprogram

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources efficient-transportationprogram
Canada, Transport Canada,

Performance Improvement of small propulsor for UAV application [2021]
Current

Related information

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/clean-energy(Domestic) Natural Resources
efficient-transportationDr. Roger Pelletier Canada
program

Electric Vehicle Life Cycle GHG Analysis [2018-2024]
Current

Partnership (if any)

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/research(Domestic) Bombardier
collaboration/researchAerospace(International) GKN Aerospace centres/aerospace-researchcentre

Engine Systems (UK)https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/research(Domestic) Royal Military
Dr. Wajid Chishty College, University of Toronto, centres/aerospace-researchcentre

Queen'sInstitute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme
Low Order Simulation of Flying Taxis [2020-2022]

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome
Current

Evaluation of key fuel properties for new
Sustainable Aviation Fuels (alternative fuels) to
reduce its certification time through combustion
testing with international partners

2020 - 2022

Lead person /Organization

Evaluation of key fuel properties for new biofuels(alternative fuels) to reduce its certification timethrough combustion testing with international
partners

Current

2016 - 2021
Hybrid Electric Aircraft Testbed [2019-2021]

Mr. Pervez
Canteenwalla

Current
Current
Current
Current

NRC’s first electric aircraft project. Involves thedevelopment of an airborne electric propulsion
test-bed demonstrator that will be used toevaluate various hybrid-electric propulsion
Dr. Daniel Boothsystems, configurations, and component
technologies, as well as gather experimental data
to inform evolving certification requirements.

2019 - 2021

(International) International
https://nrc.canada.ca/en/rese
consortium including FAA
arch-development/researchcollaboration/research(USA), engine OEMs, morethan 10 universities from USA, centres/aerospace-researchcentre
UK and DLR(Domestic) Carleton
University

Conceptual study of new hybrid electric propulsion system architecture [2021]
Feasibility study of a new conceptual architecture Dr. Hamza Abo elof hybrid electric propulsion systemella

Research Platform for Serial Hybrid Electric Drvie Train for aeropropulsion [2020-2022]
Current

Build a research test platfrom for system
optimization of serial hybrid electric
aeropropulsion system

2020 - 2022

Clean Energy
SourcesDr. Osvaldo
ArenasAlternative Fuels to 100LL [2014-2023]
Current

Evaluation of candidate unleaded fuels that will
Mr. Pervez
replace 100 low-lead fuel that is currently used by Canteenwalla
the piston-powered General Aviation fleet
Mr. Peter Earle

2014 - 2023

Impact of Alternative Fuels on Afterburner Performance [2020-2022]
Current

Evaluating the effects of Sustainable Aviation
Fuels on military aircraft engines with afterburner
Dr. Sean Yun
technology to enable their use in the Royal
Canadian Air Force fleet

2020 - 2022

114

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-researchcentre

Current

2021 - 2021

Related information

Dr Francois Fortin (Domestic) UTIASCurrent
Current

National Jet Fuel Combustion Project [2016-2021]

Partnership (if any)

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research(Domestic) Ryerson university
centrehttps://nrc.canada.ca/en/rese(Domestic) Transport Canada, arch-development/researchcollaboration/researchEnvironment and Climate
centres/aerospace-researchChange Canada, CanadiancentreOwners and Pilot Association(International) Federal Aviation
Administration (USA)https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research(Domestic) Department of National
Defence
centreInstitute/
Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)
Impact of Alternative Fuels on Hot Section Life [2020-2021]

Target / Goal Outcome

Evaluating the effects of Sustainable Aviation
Fuels on military aircraft engines turbine
component durability to enable their use in theRoyal Canadian Air Force fleet

Current

2020 - 2021

115

Lead person /Organization

Dr. Kuiying Chen

Partnership (if any)

Related information

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/researchcollaboration/researchcentres/aerospace-research(Domestic) Department of National
centreDefenceThe 5h RD20, Oct 4 2023
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Clean Energy Technologies in DICPLI Xianfeng
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences•

Introduction

The goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality involves the sustainable
development of China and the establishment of a shared and green future for mankind. It
has been considered as an extensive and profound systemic reform for Chinese economy
and society. And it also has been incorporated into the overall layout of building an
ecological civilization in China.
Science and technology revolution plays an essential role in energy systemtransformation. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(DICP, CAS) has been authorized as the leading institute by CAS, to initiate the CAS
Innovation Research Center for Clean Energy since 2017. The main goal is to explore
energy innovated technologies by coordinating institutes engaged in energy research in
CAS and collaborating with enterprises to establish a multi-energy integration technology
system, and to support energy revolution as well as “dual-carbon” target realization.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

The main sources of carbon emission in China are coming from fossil energy
utilization and industrial process. There are four main strategic route provided by
Innovation Research Center for Clean Energy to alleviate the carbon emission issue andrealize “dual-carbon” goals including (1) Clean and efficient development, utilization andcoupling substitution of fossil energy, (2) Multi-energy complementation and large-scale
application of renewable energy, (3) Innovation in industrial process towards low-carbon
and zero-carbon emission, (4) Low-carbon and intelligent multi-energy integration.
Essential technologies involved with CO2 conversion, energy storage, hydrogenenergy etc. are mainly developed and sponsored by Strategic Priority Research Project(Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration), which has been116

launched by Chinese Academy of Sciences, and led by DICP, aiming at providing cuttingedge theories and feasible technologies for clean energy since 2018.
•

Specific research activities

Hydrogen is a clean secondary energy carrier. It can play as an important role inclean utilization of fossil energy and conversion of CO2. Megawatt-level demonstration
station for the comprehensive utilization of hydrogen has been successfully put into
operation, including hydrogen production system by PEM water electrolysis andhydrogen fuel cell power generation system. Coupling with “green” hydrogen, conversion
of CO2 technologies has been demonstrated to produce a series of chemicals such as
methanol, gasoline and etc, which put forward the potential way to reduce carbon
emission during fossil fuel utilization.
Renewable sources with low carbon emission are expected to be applied in large
scale, however, renewable energy such as wind and solar are inherently volatile and have
low energy density. Energy storage technology can effectively mitigate the potential
volatility caused by large-scale energy generation from renewable sources, such as
100MW all vanadium flow battery energy storage station and 100MW advanced
compressed air energy storage system, which was successfully connected to the grid. This
technology can balance power supply and demand, and improve the safety, economic
efficiency and flexibility of grid operation.

•
•
•

•

Related programs/projects conducted by the instituteStrategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid
fuel from renewable energy (2018-2023)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/Non-ElectricApplications of Nuclear Energy (2018-2023)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Large Scale
Energy Storage Demonstration (2018-2023)

International collaboration

DICP is an internationally well connected institution and has tightly cooperated with
universities, institutions and companies from over 50 countries and regions by academic
communication, personnel exchange, students cultivation, joint projects, symposium and117

conferences.
In the past decade, DICP has held a series of international symposium and forum on
clean energy such as energy storage, carbon cycling and etc. to promote thecommunication between CAS and worldwide institutions such as Royal Society (RS),Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAF), German National Academy of Sciences
Leopoldina (Leopoldina), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission (CEA), National Research Council of Science and Technology, South Korea(NST).
DICP has been willing to have more closed relationship in the worldwide to have deep
discussions on the pathway to energy future in an international perspective.
•

Future perspectives

The energy and industrial revolution calls for scientific and technological revolution.
It is necessary to re-examine the traditional process with the new concept of carbon
peaking and carbon neutrality, actively respond to challenges, seize strategic
opportunities, and reconstruct the energy and industrial system. As an institute with long
history of engaging on energy research, DICP will always devote to promoting
development of clean energy technology and look forward to carrying out broader anddeeper worldwide cooperation, so as to jointly build a better, cleaner and more sustainable
future.

118

Prof. LI Xianfeng

Deputy Director General of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences (DICP, CAS)

2003-2006: Jilin University, PhD, Polymer Chemistry and Physics
2006-2009: K. U. Leuven University, Postdoc
2009-2012: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Associate Professor
2012-present: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Full Professor

Prof. Li’s research interest mainly focuses on electrochemical energy storage techniquessuch as flow battery, lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery etc. Up to now, Prof. Li has
authored more than 250 peer-reviewed papers with more than 10000 citations.
Additionally, he has applied for over 200 patents, and more than 150 patents have been
granted. At present, he serves as the editorial board member of “Science Bulletin”,“Sustainable Energy & Fuels” (RSC), "Journal of Energy Chemistry" (Elsevier),“Scientific Reports” (Nature publishing Group) and“Sustainability”.

119Prof. ZHANG Chen

Director of S&T Cooperation Department, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP, CAS)
2005-2010: Dalian University of Technology, PhD, Industrial Catalysis
2010-2012: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Assistant Professor
2012-2018: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Associate Professor
2018-present: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Full Professor

Prof. Zhang Chen, Director of S&T Cooperation Department, Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP, CAS), is mainly engaged in
the scientific and technological cooperation between the institute and governments,
enterprises, universities in the worldwide, and he is also responsible for intellectual
property management and technology transfer of DICP.

120

Prof. YU Hongmei

Director of High Efficiency Electrolysis Hydrogen Research Group, Dalian Instituteof Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP, CAS)
1995-1998: Dalian University of Technology, Ph.D, Chemical Engineering
1998-2001: Dalian University of Technology, Lecturer, Associate Professor
2001-2007: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Associate Professor
2003-2004: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System, Visiting Professor
2007-present: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Professor
Prof. YU Hongmei is the Director of High Efficiency Electrolysis Hydrogen ResearchGroup, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP,
CAS). She is also the Deputy Secretary General of National Fuel Cell and Flow
Battery Standard Committee, member of National Electric Energy Storage Standard
Committee, Vice Chairman of IEE PES China Hydrogen Energy Storage Branch,
editorial board member of Power Technology and Renewable Energy. Research
directions: (1) Key materials and technologies for electrolytic hydrogen production; (2)Key materials and technologies for novel fuel cells.
Publications
YI Baolian, YU Hongmei，HOU Zhongjun，Hydrogen Fuel Cell，Chemical
Engineering Press，2021.6，Beijing
2. Guang Jiang, Hongmei Yu,* Yonghuan Li, Dewei Yao, Jun Chi, Shucheng Sun,
and Zhigang Shao, Low-Loading and Highly Stable Membrane Electrode Based on an
Ir@WOxNR Ordered Array for PEM Water Electrolysis, ACS Appl. Mater.
Interfaces 2021, 13, 15073-15082
3. Bowen Qin, Hongmei Yu*, Xueqiang Gao, Dewei Yao, Xinye Sun, Wei Song,
Baolian Yi, Zhigang Shao*, Ultrathin IrRu nanowire networks with high performanceand durability for the hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline anion exchange
membrane fuel cells, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 20374-20382, 2018
4. Jun Chi, Hongmei Yu*, Guang Jiang, Jia Jia, Bowen Qin, Baolian Yi and Zhigang

121

Shao*, Construction of orderly hierarchical FeOOH/NiFe layered double hydroxides
supported on cobaltous carbonate hydroxide nanowire arrays for a highly efficient
oxygen evolution reaction, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 3397-3401, 2018
5. Yachao Zeng, Zhigang Shao*, Hongjie Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, Shaojing Hong,
Hongmei Yu*, Baolian Yi, Nanostructured ultrathin catalyst layer based on
open-walled PtCo bimetallic nanotube arrays for proton exchange membrane fuelcells, Nano Energy, 34, 344-355, 2017
6. Zhang, Changkun; Yu, Hongmei*; Li, Yongkun; Gao, Yuan; Zhao, Yun; Song,
Wei; Shao, Zhigang; Yi, Baolian, Supported Noble Metals on Hydrogen-Treated
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Highly Ordered Electrodes for Fuel Cells, Chemsuschem,
6(4), 659-666, 2013122

Institute/Country
Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Shanghai Advanced
Research
Institute(SARI), CAS

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid fuel from renewable energy

Target / Goal Outcome
Development of SPE Water Electrolysis system.

Current

Hydrogen
EnergyHydrogen
Production

Prof. Zhigang Shao/ DICP
Prof.Yuhan Sun/ SARI

20XX
2018-- 2023
20XX (R&D span)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/Non-Electric Applications of Nuclear Energy

Shanghai Institute ofApplied Physics(SINAP), CAS

Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Shanghai Advanced
Research
Institute(SARI), CAS
Dalian Institute ofChemical Physics(DICP), CAS
Institute of Engineering
Thermophysics(IET), CAS

Development of high - temperature electrolysis
hydrogen production equipment.

Current

Hydrogen
EnergyHydrogen
Production

Prof. Jianqiang Wang/ SINAP

2018- 2023 (R&D span)

Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Hydrogen/liquid fuel from renewable energy
CCUS

Carbon dioxide
utilization

Pilot demonstration of direct convert CO2 to Fuelwith capability of kilotons/a.

Current

Prof. Zhigang Shao/ DICP
Prof.Yuhan Sun/ SARI

2018- 2023 (R&D span)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science/ Large Scale Energy Storage Demonstration (2018-2023)

EnergyStorage

Lead person / Organization

Current

Construct the 100 Megawatt Energy Storage
StationProf. Xianfeng Li/ DICP
Prof.Haisheng Chen/ IET

Energy Storage
2018- 2023 (R&D span)

123

Partnership (if any)

Related information

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Stephen Quest
Director General of the Joint Research Centre•

Introduction

Research in energy, transport, and environment/climate is vital to ensure a sustainable
future of our planet in general and a low-carbon economy in particular. The aim ofresearch in these fields is to support the European Green Deal and REPowerEU, toachieve climate neutrality by 2050, to make our energy system more efficient, secure,affordable and sustainable, and foster sustainable and efficient transport in Europe.
We have organised our work in portfolios, which allow us to better integrate our work
across scientific and policy domains to provide coordinated support.
In order to face future challenges, JRC research includes experimental studies on ways
to integrate renewable energy sources into the power grid. It also investigates the gridinteroperability with, for example ICT and transport systems.
With its models and analyses, the JRC has contributed to the EU Climate and Energy
Policy Packages that help Europe reduce its dependency on imports of gas and oil, boost
its green technology industry and ensure sustainable growth.
For example, our scientists analysed the broader economic impacts of the more
ambitious EU greenhouse gas emissions' reduction targets for 2030 and 2050, covering
the interactions between the economy, the energy system and the environment. Researchon the transport system focuses on transport electrification and decarbonisation,transport networks and mobility patterns, including impacts at urban and regional level.
The JRC has dedicated laboratories that focus on performance characterization oftechnologies (photovoltaics, hydrogen, batteries), emission control and related impacts
on ecosystems, scientific tools that allow this research to be carried out efficiently anddatabases including information relevant to all aspects of energy, climate and transport.

124

•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

We have organised our work on science for policy in the areas climate, energy,
mobility, and environment in several portfolios.
You can find an overview here: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrcscience-and-knowledge-activities/science-european-green-deal_en•

Specific research activities

Please see here: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-science-andknowledge-activities/science-european-green-deal_en•

International collaboration
The Joint Research Centre is active in many international collaborations in thefield of energy, transport, and climate and many others. We embrace newpartnerships across Europe and internationally to broaden the knowledge baseand impact of our work to ensure that science delivers for EU policy andbeyond.
•Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Please see: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-science-and-knowledgeactivities/science-european-green-deal_en•

125

Stephen QUESTNationality: French and British
Academic qualifications: Professional experience in 
the European Institutions:

09/1983 – 06/1986 BA (Hons) 2.1 in History
University of York - United Kingdom
Since 01/05/2020: Director-General of the "Joint Research Centre"
(JRC)



01/2016 – 04/2020: Director-General – Directorate-General for
Taxation and Customs Union (TAXUD)



03/2013 – 12/2015: Director-General of the Directorate-General for
Informatics (DIGIT)

04/2010 – 02/2013: Director of the Office for the Administration andPayment of Individual Entitlements (PMO)

04/2004 – 03/2010: Head of Cabinet, Commissioner for Financial
Programming and Budget



06/2000 – 04/2004: Assistant to the Secretary General of theCommission



09/1999 – 06/2000: Member of Cabinet, Commissioner for theEnvironment



05/1999 – 09/1999: Assistant to the Head of President-designate
Prodi's transition team

03/1999 – 05/1999: Assistant to the Director-General, DG XXII
(Education and Training)

01/1995 – 02/1999: Member of Cabinet, Commissioner for
Employment & Social Affairs

09/1993 – 12/1994: Administrator, DG V (Employment and Social
Affairs)

Professional experience
before joining theEuropean Institutions:
Language Skills: 

06/1987 – 09/1993: Administrator, then Head of Unit, UK Departmentof Employment
EnglishFrench126

Dr. Christian Thiel
Head of the Energy Efficiency and Renewables Unit, Joint Research Centre of theEuropean Commission. (since February 2018)2015-2018, Project Leader electro-mobility modelling, Sustainable Transport Unit, Joint
Research Centre of the European Commission.
2009-2015, Project Leader energy system modelling, Energy Systems Evaluation Unit,
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.
1997-2009, Project Engineer and Manager, International Technical Development Centreof Adam Opel AG/ General Motors Europe.
Christian holds a Doctoral degree (Dr.nat.techn.) from the University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, a Master's degree in Environmental Science(Geooekologie) from the Technical University Braunschweig, a bachelor's degree in
Biology from Université Paris VI and an undergraduate degree in Economics from theGoethe University Frankfurt am Main. Christian has published several articles in peerreviewed journals in the fields of energy and transport.

127

Sabine Henzler

Director for Strategy and Impact, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Belgium
MA in Applied Linguistics; BA in Business Administration
1991-1996: Private Sector (International Trade in: textiles; digital/telecommunication),
Germany
Since 1996: European Commission - European Union, Brussels (Belgium)
1996-2000: Legal, economic and financial affairs, competition and information Translation
2000-2014: Taxation and Customs Union – International Trade and Tax matters(various positions; last: Head of Unit)
2014-2016: Informatics – Stakeholder Management, Process Optimisation –Head of Unit
2016-2021: Taxation and Customs Union
Director International & General Affairs
2021 : Joint Research Center - Science for policy
Director for Strategy & Impact

128

Message for RD20
The RD20 is an excellent platform for cooperation of like-minded partners to work
together on science for achieving a climate neutral future. I have witnessed in the past
years great first steps in the cooperation of our RD20 member organisations and I am
sure that more actions and tangible outcomes will follow now. For that to happen it isimportant that everyone contributing to the RD20 initiative brings in her or his positiveenergy, in fact lots of it, to pave the way for an even more successful RD20.

129

Institute/Country

JRC

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs (with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

For the JRC we would like to direct you to our science hub (https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/index_en ) which always features the latest information on the status of our activities, including data and publication repositories

130

Related information

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023

Advanced Research and Developmentof Clean Energy Technologies within CNRS••PETIT (CEO) and A. SLAOUI (Deputy Research Director – Energy)
National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS), France

Introduction

The prospects for sustainable development depend on a sustainable, secure andcompetitive energy supply with reduced environmental impact, both locally and globally.
The energy problem is part of a complex framework that must respond to several major
challenges: guaranteeing access to energy for all at an affordable cost, being part ofclimate change mitigation and adaptation, preserving human health and the environment
and providing a sustainable energy mix. Thus, the strong growth of demand expected by2030 at the global level should be satisfied by a wide diversification of energy sources,
by increasing production and the integration of non-fossil energy into the network, inparticular to control greenhouse gas emissions or to limit reliance on feedstocks that are
irregularly distributed and inherently limited. To meet the needs of diversification of
supply and major climate issues, the 21st century will therefore be that of the energy
transition.
Since signature of Paris agreement of COP 21, France has adopted several policies totackle these challenges such as the energy transition for green growth (LTECV) and the
National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC), among others. The goal is to guide technologicaland societal choices towards the objectives and to support the research and development
effort (R & D) which is necessary for the continuous improvement of existing offers andthe development of new options. This resulted in the launch in 2016 of a National Energy
Research Strategy (SNRE), by the Ministries of research, Environment and Sustainability,
and industry. This SNRE act aims at identifying the R & D stakes and the scientific131barriers to overcome at different time scales and throughout the energy innovation chain
to enable the achievement of the objectives of the LTECV policy plan in France, while atthe same time inscribing this R&D in a broader international perspective. CNRS is astrong contributor to the SNRE.
Furthermore, in the frame of France 2030 Initiative, the government has launched in 2020
more than 18 National “Accelerating” Strategies and more than 25 National“prospecting” Strategies to identify the main challenges of tomorrow’s socioeconomic transition and to invest in an exceptional and massive way in a global approach(funding, standards, taxation, etc.). Several of those strategies have specific R&D national
programs (PEPR) which are directed towards development of clean energy technologies
such as low carbon hydrogen, advanced batteries, novel energy systems including
photovoltaic, wind and electric networks, decarbonation of the industry and much more.
CNRS is co-leading almost all the R&D (PEPR) programs dealing directly or indirectly
to clean energy with a global funding of more than 800 M€.
CNRS is also involved in several European R&D energy programs and projects which
focus on the systemic issues posed by tomorrow's energy challenges related to new routes
of production of energy (variable and distributed sources of renewable energy),
consumption (energy efficiency at industry and building levels...), transport (e-vehicule,smart grids…), and storage (batteries, hydrogen…).

•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

CNRS, the National Centre for Scientific Research, is the largest research organization in
France and in Europe. Its mission is to develop fundamental and generic knowledge in all
scientific disciplines, and to bring out concepts that are breaking down and can lead toinnovative products and services. CNRS has registered the Energy Transition among thesix societal challenges for the period 2019-2023.Thus, more than 4500 full time
researchers working within 280 CNRS-Universities joint labs over the whole country andabroad, are currently developing activities on topics related to energy. The main research
themes of the researchers concern development of renewable energies (mainly biomass,solar and marine), flexibility of systems for the integration of renewable energies, energy
storage including production and utilization of hydrogen energy carriers, decentralizationand multi-scale governance of energy systems, improvement of nuclear energy

132

production and safety, societal and economical aspects related to energy production anduse, etc.
As a matter of fact, since 2021, CNRS has been appointed by the government for thescientific and financial coordination of more than 20 National Research Programs (PEPR)
dealing with several topics, including energy. These Programs are chosen within the top
national priorities for the coming ten years. Among those on energy, CNRS iscoordinating the programs on Decarbonated Hydrogen, Batteries, Decarbonation of theIndustry, and Advanced Technologies for Energy Systems (PV, wind, electric grid) as wellas crosscutting ones such as Recycling and DIADEME (materials by design).
CNRS has also established strong collaborations with industry through several joint labs
(200 in total), especially with some involved in the energy sector such as TOTAL Energies,
EDF, Schneider-electric, Air Liquide to mention some. The research topics concern
photovoltaics, grid network and hydrogen production and much more. The main purpose
is to develop new knowledge and advanced technologies and to accelerate the processfrom Lab to Fab.

•Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen and others.

More than 4500 full time equivalent (FTE) staff are working in the field of energy, half
are PhD or postdocs. The research are carried out within more than 280 CNRSuniversities joint labs, all over France and abroad (CANADA, JAPAN…). All fields ofenergy are concerned, ranging from nuclear to storage, distribution and transports, andalso renewable energies (RE) topic which is at the top since a quarter of the total FTE is
involved in solar energy, biomass, bioenergy and marines and wind. To cite some,
activities at CNRS labs dealing with biomass (wood, dedicated crops, vegetable waste),are mainly focusing on 2nd et 3 generation of biofuels produced by biological (ethanol)or thermochemical methods. As for solar energy, most of the R&D is concentrated on
photovoltaics to develop either new materials based on abundant elements (e.g. metallic
oxides …), advanced solar cells concepts (e.g. hot carrier solar cells, up/down shiftconverting layers…) or novel device architectures (e.g. 2T or 4T tandem cells). The aim
is to develop high-efficient solar cells at low cost.

133

On the other hand, the energy transition requires the development of efficient energy
storage and conversion technologies to manage the intermittent nature of the RES andensure the matching between clean energy production and its consumption. Electricity
and hydrogen are energy vectors particularly adapted to this task. They can be stored byelectrochemical (batteries, supercapacitors) and physico-chemical (compressed gas andhydride materials) means, respectively. They have complementary discharge time-scales
and energy densities and can be converted from one into another using fuel cells. SomeCNRS teams have great and worldwide expertise in batteries and supercapacitors withthe aim to develop new generation (Na batteries…).
As stated above, CNRS is coordinating several R&D national programs that involve mostof its research labs all over France. Some examples:• National R&D program on low Carbon Hydrogen (2021-2029)
As for hydrogen, the challenges are the development of equipment for an efficient
production of hydrogen by electrolysis (preferably at high temperature using “unused”heat) using renewable energy resources (solar or wind power), breakthrough of PEM fuelcells for mobility and the understanding of their degradation and aging phenomena,
innovative hydrogen storage means (hyperbare, solid as well as organic liquids), systems
for hydrogen and LCA/safety/regulation aspects. This program is lasting for 8 years.
• National R&D program on Decarbonisation of industry (2023-2028)
The research program "Supporting innovation to develop new largely decarbonizedindustrial processes" (SPLEEN) will last for 6.5 years. It aimed at designing industrial
systems that emit less greenhouse gases. Among the resaerch activities, it is worth
mentioning:• The introduction of carbon-free energy carriers, for heat production in particular.
• Process intensification: chemical reaction, catalytic conversion, capture andseparation of CO2.
• The treatment of residual CO2 by conversion into molecules of interest in fuels or forchemistry or by geological sequestration.
• The optimization of decarbonization, from processes to industrial sites (industrial
ecology), based on the acquisition of data and their processing in real time, in orderto feed back on the processes, in particular according to criteria based on the life cycle
analysis.

134• National R&D program on Batteries (2023-2029)
This program lasting for 7 years aims at the development of current and future batteries,
the supply and development of materials necessary for their manufacture, and the
management of their end of life by reconditioning or recycling. If the electrification of
the vehicles is the first targeted application, the development of batteries intended forother markets such as aeronautics, space, stationary and the Internet of Things is also
concerned.
•

National R&D program on advanced energy systems (2023-2028)

This national program aims to meet research challenges and bring out innovations in thefields of photovoltaic solar energy and flexible and resilient energy networks, while
ensuring a socially appropriate, environmentally sustainable transition that strengthens
national industrial sectors.
The objective is to remove the barriers associated with the two technological issues ofdeveloping energy networks and photovoltaic cells with high efficiency (tandem
structures) and minimized environmental impact. In addition, some projects study humanand social science issues related to these technologies.
In the topic of grid integration, CNRS is working on how connected multi-scaled grids
are enable effective development and utilization of renewable-based distributed energy
resources while optimizing quick energy transfer from distributed energy sources tovariety of load centres (fluctuating, local and regional). The rationale behind it is apotential reduction in the need for investment in additional power generating stations.

•International collaboration

4-1 International alliance/networking development
CNRS has a clear and ambitious international collaboration strategy as witnessed by thenumerous international cooperation tools (see picture below) that are offered to build
and/or strengthen high level collaborations with leading institutes laboratories or
Universities over the world. The most important and visible instrument for international
cooperation of CNRS worldwide is probably the International Research Laboratories

135

(IRLs) such as LIMMS in Japan. Such IRLs are located in a foreign country, and havefacilities where researchers, students, postdocs, and support staff from CNRS and theforeign partner’ institution are working together on well-defined topics. The Director of
the IRLs is jointly named by CNRS and the foreign partner institution(s). The IRLs havea duration of five years and can be reconducted.
Other international cooperation tools are the International Research Projects (IRP) which
are collaborative research schemes between one or more CNRS laboratories and one or
two laboratories from foreign countries. The purpose is to strengthen previouslyestablished collaboration through short- and medium-term scientific exchange, in
addition to organising working meetings or seminars, developing joint research activity
including field research, and supervising students. These programmes have usually aduration of five years. Another tool is the International Research Network (IRN)
dedicated to structuring international research networks with a focus on a common theme
or research infrastructure. It promotes the organisation of international workshops andseminars, as well as thematic schools organised by the network partners in France andabroad. It lasts for five years. There is also the International Emerging Actions (IEA) tool
dedicated to exploring new topics and partnerships at the international level through PIto-PI projects. The actions are usually short-term mobility of scientists, the organisationof working meetings, and the initiation of early-stage joint research works for sharedscientific projects. Such projects are funded for a duration of two years.

It should be added that around 55,000 short visits (conferences, stays…) and secondments
are also carried out by the CNRS fellowships over the world each year. More important,over 200 researchers (including secondments) perform research in foreign institutions fordurations of one year or more. As a result, over half of the organization’s publications
are joint publications with international partners witnessing the CNRS’ international
vitality.

136

CNRS is also a major player in the development of the European research area and thus
an important contributor to the European integration process. These last years, CNRS’
researchers have participated to more than 1250 EU projects, and about the fourth of them
are dealing with energy. CNRS also took an active part in the International Cooperation
projects (INCO) launched by the EU commission. Last but not least, CNRS isparticipating to the European Interest Group (EIG) CONCERT-Japan which is amultilateral joint funding initiative between Japanese JST and European partners. In 2017,
this program was focusing on “Efficient Energy Storage and Distribution” ».
Finally, researchers from the Humanities and Social Sciences department of CNRS arealso involved in understanding and bringing solutions to issues which are emerging withthe energy transition. Besides the commitment issue to new technologies (hydrogen for
instance), they address the anthropological, sociological, political and economic aspects
brought by the changes during usages: new consumption trends (consum’actor’citizens), new mobility, new markets, policies, multilevel managements, in addition toprotection of privacy, availability of energy to all...
4-2 International joint R&D activities
It is worth saying that a high number of projects are carried out with European partners
thanks to the bilateral and European commission on Clean and Sustainable Energy
programmes. Yet, CNRS has used the tools mentioned above to fund, totally or partially,
several joints projects dealing with the development of innovative clean energy
technologies involving many foreign partners originating from North and Western Africa,
North America (USA, Canada), Asia (Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Singapore), andAustralia. Please see https://international.cnrs.fr/en/un-acteur-mondial/

To mention some of the very recent international programs dealing with energy, which
are fully in line with RD20 framework:
With Japan, there is an IRP (International Joint Laboratory ) NEXTPV (2016-2024)
operated by the CNRS, University of Bordeaux and the Research Centre for Advanced
Science and Technology (RCAST) and the university of Toky. It aims which aims at
developing High efficiency solar cells concepts and devices based on III-V137

heterostructures, hot carriers solar cells and intermediate bands solar cells as well as
Organic and Hybrid Solar cells. The next program will be directed towards the couplingof photovoltaics and hydrogen production, storage and systems integration.
In 2022, an International Research Centre (IRC) was launched between CNRS andUniversity of Tokyo and clean energy transition is part of the topics to be developed.
With Singapore: there is the French-SINgaporean network on renewable enERGIEs(SINERGIE), an international research network (IRN) resulting from a CNRS - NTU
joint initiative. It has been formally established in 2017 for 5 years and now renewed till
2025, and covers a wide range of topics: Smart Grids and Power systems, Energy storage,
Wind and Marine Energies, Photovoltaics and Green and smart buildings.
With Australia, there is the IRN “French-Australian research network on Conversion andEnergy Storage for stand-alone & maritime applications (FACES)” which involves
several CNRS labs, UNSW, University of South Australia and Deakin University. The
scientific program of this program is focusing in two main research axes, namely
electrochemical storage and hydrogen conversion. For the Electrochemical storage part,
it is intended to design new electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
to their upscale, taking into account the Australian local mining and development of newbattery and supercapacitor chemistries for energy storage, and to work on Prototyping,reliability, aging, management and safety tests. As for the hydrogen conversion topic, theIRN will address the chemical hydrogen storage related to on-board hydrogen production,
will study the reversible hydrogen storage aspect and End-use of hydrogen and fuel cells,
and finally to set a plan for system integration which includes architecture, energy
management, design methodologies, etc.
With Africa, there is an IRP entitled ATLAS for “Associated Trans-Mediterranean
Laboratories for Applications in Solar Energy,” with Morocco (2017-2021), which is aformal structured international laboratory collaboration created by CNRS, Georgia Tech,and Moroccan education (MESRSFC) and research (CNRST) entities for international
collaborations. This lab will allow for scientific synergies in photovoltaics, energy
efficiency, and provides resources for the exchange of students and researchers, and aplatform for building joint projects funded by companies and by public sources.
CNRS has also organized on 17-20 October 2022 at University of Pretoria a CNRS-NRFDSI Workshop on “Energy for the future : Research for Impact” with the goal tostrengthen scientific collaboration between Europe and Africa in several topics dealing

138

with
renewables,hydrogen,storageandelectric(https://international.cnrs.fr/en/actualite/workshop-cooperation-afrique/).

gridWith India, an Indo-French Workshop on Clean and Sustainable Energy Technologies(INFINITE) was held between February 21 - 24, 2023, at CSIR – National PhysicalLaboratory (NPL), New Delhi. The event was jointly organized by CSIR – Central
Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad and the French National Centre
for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. The objective of the workshop was to bring
together experts from both countries to exchange knowledge, ideas and best practices on
the development and deployment of clean and sustainable energy technologies.
As far as seminars are concerned, CNRS has organized several meetings in 2023 withcolleagues from Chile (clean hydrogen), Brazil (renewables and electric grid) and Mexico(clean and sustainable energies).
To sum up this part, international cooperation What do you think is an effective measurefor facilitating international cooperation?
CNRS considers International Collaboration as a key element towards net zerocarbon emission. With its 80 years’ experience, CNRS suggest that the best measuresthat should be implemented at the organization levels for facilitating international
cooperation are the following:• Recruitment of outstanding researchers from all over the word,• Encouraging mobility to other prestigious institutes and organization using
specific and well identified tools (see 4.1)
• Developing strong networks on specific topics of energy (taskforces such as thosealready set in the frame of RD20 on LCA/H2 and photovoltaics)• Launching international labs linked to energy sector (e.g. Africa)•

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)

Mastering the energy mix by 2050 and beyond is an important international challengethat leads to major research and specific equipment needs. The energy systems of the
future, in whatever form, require large investments, major research and development (R& D) with a strong need for dedicated research infrastructures. It also involves managing

139

uncertainties (prices, geostrategic considerations, learning curves of different
technologies, behaviour of actors, etc.) to make the decisions that are the least costly inthe long term.
In this context, CNRS will pursue its R&D activities in the field of clean and sustainableenergy by developing renewable energies (RES) and its storage, by mobilizing biosourced materials (for example wood in construction), by encouraging controlled and lesspolluting mobility, by offering solutions for energy savings in all sectors, especiallyindustry, buildings, transport, and by developing the circular economy, via ecodesign,
reuse and recycling. Among the topics, there is the development of new and efficientmaterials for energy for which many challenges emerge (need for new generations oflighter, more insulating, more resistant materials, possibly working in extreme conditions,
to cover the needs of transport, building, storage and conversion of energy, etc.). storageof electricity in electrochemical form is an important axis of future R&D at CNRS to
examine the new technologies of high-performance batteries (stored energy density, load
/ discharge cycles) and supercapacitors with opportunities for industrialization. Other R& D topics related to storage will concern for example the production of hydrogen byelectrolysis but put in a broader perspective related to the multiple uses of hydrogen inseveral sectors, and performing materials for thermal storage. The numerous existing
international collaborations in the different sectors of energy will be continued andstrengthen and other are planned (India on photovoltaics, Australia on solar energy…)
It should be noticed that the major scientific issues, and particularly for the energy sector,
pose the challenge of having experimental means and research tools at the forefront ofscientific and technological knowledge. Observation, measurement, storage and sharingof data imply large instruments carrying technical capabilities beyond the existing andintegrating interdisciplinary porosity source of innovation. These tools are the conditions
for future discoveries as well as the product of the latest scientific and technologicaladvances.
The existing very large infrastructures in the field of energy are five so far (ECCSEL, FR
Solaris, Sophira, Theorem and West), covering different themes and all are the "French
nodes" of future or existing European and international collaborations.

140

A. Petit is the Chairman and CEO of CNRS
A. Slaoui is Deputy Research Director, INSIS-CNRS and Coordinator of Research on
Energy at CNRSPr Antoine PETIT, PhD
Chairman and CEO
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , CNRS
Antoine Petit, an exceptional grade university professor, was appointed Chairman andChief Executive Officer of the CNRS on January 24, 2018. After earning a teachingdegree and a PhD in computer science from the Université Paris Diderot, he specialized
in formal methods, mostly based on transition systems, for the specification andverification of parallel systems in real time. As for academic curricula, from 1984 to 2004,
he served as an assistant professor at the Université d'Orléans, a lecturer at the Université
Paris-Sud and a professor at the ENS Cachan (near Paris) from 1994.
From 2001 to 2003, Antoine Petit was deputy director of the French Research Ministry's
Research Department, in charge of Mathematics and Information and Communication
Sciences and Technologies. In 2004, he was seconded to the CNRS, first as scientificdirector of the Information and Communication Science and Technologies Department,
before becoming inter-regional director for South West France. In 2006, he joined theFrench National Institute for Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (INRIA) as
head of the Paris-Rocquencourt research center. He was named Chairman and CEO of the
INRIA in 2014, having been its deputy CEO.
Dr Abdelilah SLAOUI, PhD
CNRS Deputy Research Director
Head of Energy unit of CNRS
Coordinator of the National R&D program on low carbon Hydrogen
CNRS : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Paris, France141

1984 Ph.D. University Louis Pasteur , Strasbourg
1984 - 1996 Physics and Application of Semiconductors laboratory (PHASE); Strasbourg
1996 Habilitation diploma, University of Strasbourg
1996 - 2000 Institute of Solid State and Electronics (InESS), Strasbourg2013 – Institute of Engineering, Computing and photonics (ICube), Strasbourg2017 - Deputy Research Director in charge of Energy at the National Scientific ResearchCentre, CNRS-HQ, Paris
2021 – Scientific director of National Program on low carbon hydrogen

Abdelilah SLAOUI is presently Deputy Research Director in charge of Energy at the
National Scientific Research Centre, CNRS-HQ, in Paris.; Scientific director of National
R&D Program on low carbon hydrogen
He received his PhD in 1984 on laser crystallisation of implanted silicon at Laboratoire
PHASE (CNRS) for optolecetronic devices. Thereafter, he continued his work on gas
immersion laser doping and oxidation of silicon, laser-induced ablation of materials andlaser-induced crystallisation of a-Si and a-SiGe. In 1989, he developed the activity basedon lamp furnace heating for processing of solar cells and transistors. In 1992, he joined
the Oregon Graduate Institute at Beaverton, Oregon, USA as a visiting scientist. His
research interests include MOSFET and TFT’s transistors as well as inorganic materials
based solar cells. He served for 20 years as head of the photovoltaic group at PHASE,INESS and ICUBE institutes (CNRS labs). He participated/coordinated about 15 National,
10 European and 6 International projects on Energy in general and on photovoltaics inparticular. He served as president of the European Material Research Society. He chaired
6 international conferences and co-organized more than 12 international symposia dealing142

with materials for energy. He has authored or co-authored more than 260 papers and 10
chapters in specialized books.
Since 2017, he has been appointed as a deputy research director in charge of Energy at
CNRS, meaning managing all research activities on energy carried out in CNRS’ labs
over France. Since 2021, he is also coordinating the National Research Program on
decarbonated hydrogen (PEPR-H2).
List of publications: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-2833
Message for RD20
Mastering the energy mix by 2050 and beyond is an important international challengethat leads to major research and specific equipment needs. In this context, CNRS (France)wish to pursue its collaborative R&D activities in the field of clean and sustainable energy
by developing renewable energies (RES) and its storage, by generating new and efficientmaterials for emerging technologies such as advanced batteries, hydrogen and CO2
conversion. CNRS offers several international cooperation instruments(https://international.cnrs.fr/en/cooperer-a-l-international/) such as International
Research Projects (IRP) , International Research Network (IRN) and recently
International Research Centres, with the aim to strengthen collaborations through shortand medium-term scientific exchange, in addition to organising working meetings orseminars, developing joint research activity including field research, and supervising
students. The other R&D 20’ organisations should share similar cooperative tools for the
benefit of the energy transition, with a focus on the emerging technologies.

143

CNRS Project Information
CNRS collaborations:With Japan, there is an IRP (International Joint Laboratory ) NEXTPV (2016-2024) operated by the CNRS,
University of Bordeaux and the Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) andthe university of Tokyo. It aims which aims at developing High efficiency solar cells concepts anddevices based on III-V heterostructures, hot carriers solar cells and intermediate bands solar cells aswell as Organic and Hybrid Solar cells. The next program will be directed towards the coupling ofphotovoltaics and hydrogen production, storage and systems integration.
In 2022, an International Research Centre (IRC) was launched between CNRS and University of Tokyoand clean energy transition is part of the topics to be developed.
With Singapore: there is the French-SINgaporean network on renewable enERGIEs (SINERGIE), aninternational research network (IRN) resulting from a CNRS - NTU joint initiative. It has been formallyestablished in 2017 for 5 years and now renewed till 2025, and covers a wide range of topics: Smart
Grids and Power systems, Energy storage, Wind and Marine Energies, Photovoltaics and Green andsmart buildings.
With Australia, there is the IRN “French-Australian research network on Conversion and Energy
Storage for stand-alone & maritime applications (FACES)” which involves several CNRS labs, UNSW,
University of South Australia and Deakin University. The scientific program of this program is focusing
in two main research axes, namely electrochemical storage and hydrogen conversion. For theElectrochemical storage part, it is intended to design new electrode materials and electrolytes forlithium-ion batteries to their upscale, taking into account the Australian local mining and developmentof new battery and supercapacitor chemistries for energy storage, and to work on Prototyping,reliability, aging, management and safety tests. As for the hydrogen conversion topic, the IRN willaddress the chemical hydrogen storage related to on-board hydrogen production, will study thereversible hydrogen storage aspect and End-use of hydrogen and fuel cells, and finally to set a plan forsystem integration which includes architecture, energy management, design methodologies, etc.
With Africa, there is an IRP entitled ATLAS for “Associated Trans-Mediterranean Laboratories forApplications in Solar Energy,” with Morocco (2017-2021), which is a formal structured international
laboratory collaboration created by CNRS, Georgia Tech, and Moroccan education (MESRSFC) andresearch (CNRST) entities for international collaborations. This lab will allow for scientific synergies inphotovoltaics, energy efficiency, and provides resources for the exchange of students and researchers,
and a platform for building joint projects funded by companies and by public sources.
CNRS has also organized on 17-20 October 2022 at University of Pretoria a CNRS-NRF-DSI

144

Workshop on “Energy for the future: Research for Impact” with the goal to strengthen scientificcollaboration between Europe and Africa in several topics dealing with renewables, hydrogen,storage and electric grid (https://international.cnrs.fr/en/actualite/workshop-cooperationafrique/).

With India, an Indo-French Workshop on Clean and Sustainable Energy Technologies (INFINITE) was
held between February 21 - 24, 2023, at CSIR – National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi. The
event was jointly organized by CSIR – Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad
and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. The objective of the workshop
was to bring together experts from both countries to exchange knowledge, ideas and best practices
on the development and deployment of clean and sustainable energy technologies.
As far as seminars are concerned, CNRS has organized several meetings in 2023 with colleagues from
Chile (clean hydrogen), Brazil (renewables and electric grid) and Mexico (clean and sustainableenergies).

145

The 5th RD20, Oct 4 2023

Current Status and Perspectives of Clean Energy technologies
Research Development and Innovation Activities in CEA
Florence Lefebvre-Joud
CEA Liten – Research Director•

Introduction

Global warming and climate change have become major threats for our society and push every
government to give higher priority to energy transition in its political, economic, industrial andtechnical choices.
France, whose electricity production is already highly decarbonized thanks to massive nuclear
power generation, is firmly committed to such an energy transition approach and determined toachieve carbon neutrality by 2050. To complement the Low Carbon National Strategy and theMultiannual Energy Plan adopted in April 2020 with large Renewable Energy ambition, France
has launched in November 2021 the “France 2030” plan, which encompasses several
acceleration strategies focused on decarbonization actions. Massive production of low-carbonhydrogen, decarbonization of industry and of mobility’s are one of them. Recent geopoliticalcontext and severe climatic episodes (heat, drought) in 2022 and 2023 are reinforcing thismotivation to reduce fossil energy consumption.
French efforts for clean energy innovation are moreover fully aligned with the European “Green
Deal” Energy Strategy and the recent “REPowerEU” plan aiming at saving energy, producing
clean energy, and diversifying energy supplies. France is for example actively involved in theEuropean Battery Alliance and in the Hydrogen Europe Research association.
To reach carbon neutrality, France has made the choice to mobilize jointly nuclear power andrenewable energies. The target is to build a balanced energy mix with a larger share of
renewable energy from 25% of the electricity mix today up to 50% in 2050.
Research & Development and disruptive innovations are essential to fulfil such objectives.
Therefore, as part of France 2030 plan, strong support is dedicated to research through large“Priority Research Programmes and Equipment” initiatives. Several PEPR are ongoing on
decarbonized hydrogen, on battery’s, on energy system’s decarbonisation, etc. Public researchbodies such as CEA, CNRS and Universities are joining their forces within these programs toprepare next technology transfers to industry.
In that context, CEA has defined its R&D objectives for the next 5 years jointly with Frenchgovernment, fully aligned with the European and national strategies for supporting andaccelerating energy systems decarbonization.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

CEA is a public research agency, gathering €5.0 billion budget and 20,000 employees, involvedin four major fields: defence and security, low-carbon energy transition, digital transformationand healthcare innovation.

146

To fulfil French energy transition objectives, the mandate of CEA for conducting innovation
activities in the field of low carbon energies has been confirmed. CEA organizes its research
activities according to an integrated approach of energy. Energy generation from nuclear andrenewable sources is combined with deployments of energy storage and conversion systems
and with adapted management of energy grids. Such an integrated approach benefits from
inputs of digital technologies to ensure the real-time matching of supply and demand. As suchit can contribute to the development of fully decarbonized energy systems and provide solutions
for carbon-free transport.
CEA R&D and innovation activities cover a large TRL scale from the study of first proof ofconcept in CEA laboratories, their characterization operando in Large Scale Facilities together
with national and international academic partners, up to real size demonstrators production on
pilot lines and test upon operation with industrial partners. For carrying out this ambitious
approach, CEA builds partnerships with both academic laboratories and industrial partners.
•

Specific research activities

High shares of intermittent renewable electricity require new flexibility solutions to balance
power demand and supply and thus ensure the stability of the grid. Various storage technologies
are currently studied with a special attention to batteries, thermal storage and power to gas
approaches including hydrogen. Convergence between electricity, gas and heat grids is strongly
investigated as well as digital interfaces. Increased management of the demand side is also
addressed for both individual consumers and industrials.
Storage technologies differ in the quantity of energy they can store and in the charging anddischarging times they offer. CEA is heavily involved in batteries research programs, for bothtransport and stationary applications, adapted to a few hours response, and to power to gas
approaches, with major focus on hydrogen, which is better suited for large capacities andlonger-term storage. To give a few examples, large R&D effort is dedicated to solid-state battery
towards reaching high energy density, high power and high safety. Electric vehicles equippedwith large batteries can contribute to stabilize the electric system using vehicle-to-grid
technology. Concerning hydrogen, CEA is heavily involved in the development of hightemperature steam electrolysis with the target of reaching a massive decarbonized and costeffective hydrogen production tool. CEA is also developing and integrating PEMFC systems invarious types of vehicles in order to combine long ranges with zero emissions. To close carbon
cycle, the conversion of CO2 into climate neutral fuels or chemicals such as methane or otherhigh value chemical molecule such as methanol also gets major attention from disruptive
concepts up to large scale running demonstrations.
All these new technologies targeting decarbonization and sustainability are developed within acircular economy approach, starting from eco-design, life cycle analysis, and environmental
footprint criteria. Specific research activities concern batteries, catalysts or magnet recycling
paths, limitation or substitution of critical materials and processes with low energy consumption
and limited materials waste such as additive manufacturing.
Related ongoing project conducted by CEA:••High efficiency silicon PV cells and modules development, high efficiency tandem
solar cell development and recycling of PV modules
Development and scaling up of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis and CO2+Steamco-electrolysis,

147

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Development of a reversible Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis /Fuel cell system (r-SOC),
Hydrogen storage in compressed vessels, in cryogenic liquid, in organic liquids or inammonia,
Development and integration of high compactness and low cost Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cells systems (PEMFC) for transportation with a special focus on
heavy transportation systems,
Research on high efficiency exchange-reactor design for producing various types of
low-carbon fuels and chemicals,
Development of next generation Li ion batteries & all solid-state batteries and battery
recycling,
Development of new power electronics and new grid architecture to ensure gridstability with massive intermittent energy sources integration, real time simulation,
application to auto-consumption,
Research on multi-vector grids potential for grid flexibility and resilience.

International collaboration

CEA has established numerous international partnerships in the field of renewable energy R&D.
Many of them are long lasting European collaborations that include joint research projects,
international workshop organizations and researcher exchanges. International partnerships havealso been established between CEA and several governmental institutions for developing fullsize experimentations in the field of renewable energies. In addition, CEA has also concluded
several MoUs or collaboration agreements with overseas research institutes for strengthening
relationships with these international renowned partners and conducting jointly research
programs beneficial for both sides. These international partnerships are complemented by theregular contribution of CEA to various IEA tasks (especially on solar energy, hydrogen and fuelcells) and its strong involvement in IPHE (International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cellin the Economy).
CEA is convinced that collaborations between G20 members on sharing R&D priorities forenergy systems decarbonization and on conducting R&D activities for generating innovationsin the field of clean energy technology constitute a major asset for implementing andaccelerating energy transition worldwide.
Under the umbrella of European Framework programs, CEA is actively involved in multilateralresearch projects concerning renewable energy and related topics such as hydrogen and circular
economy. In the last five years, CEA has coordinated and participated to about 150 projects incollaboration with main European Research and Technology Organization:
Main ongoing European H2020 programs coordinated by CEA:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l

FRIENDSHIP - Solar Energy in Industrial Processes
NEXUS - Novel tandem, high efficiency Photovoltaic technologies targeting low costproduction with earth abundant materials
PHOTORAMA – Recycling of secondary raw materials from end-of-life modules
MULTIPLHY - Multi megawatt high-temperature electrolyser for valorization asenergy vector in energy intensive industry
PRESSHYOUS - Development and validation of pressurized high temperature steam
electrolysis stacks (Solid Oxide Electrolysis)
FURTHER-FC - Towards a better understanding of charge, mass and heat transports in
new generation PEMFC MEA for automotive applications
REALHY-FC - Development and optimization of reliable and versatile PEMFC stacks
for high power range applications

148

SHERLOCHK - Catalyst development for improved economic viability of LOHC
technology
l VERSAPRINT - Next generation technologies for High-performance and safe-bydesign battery systems for transport and mobile applications
l THOR - Digitalization of battery testing, from cell to system level, including lifetime
assessmentl NEMOSHIP - Exploiting and optimizing large battery electric power within fully
battery electric and hybrid shipsl HEATERNAL - Development of high temperature thermal storage for industrial
applicationsl

CEA is committed along European “Green Deal” strategy and “France2030” plan in supportingby R&D activities and in accelerating by innovations transfer to industry the energy systems
decarbonization for major reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions in Europe by at least 55%
by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
To broaden such ambition to the entire world it seems essential for all R&D institutions of
RD20 (universities, academic laboratories or RTOs) to pave the way for efficient collaborations
based on a shared vision of challenges & priorities. To build this joint vision the firstprerequisite is to share common language to understand one another. In that perspective, in the
short term, it seems highly desirable that RD20 institutions would define shared metrics onenvironmental footprint, carbon content or GHG emissions and shared criteria to qualify andquantify any local “carbon situation” based on life cycle, techno-economic analysis and societal
impact analysis.
In the last year, CEA has been extensively active together with CNRS in the RD20 task force
on Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment of Hydrogen that allowed several partners fromvarious part of the world to share a common vision on hydrogen environmental and societal
indicators. Sharing a common knowledge and common vision to define shared priorities has
also be the guiding principle of the first RD20 summer school organized in July 2023 in France.
Such tasks forces and the organization of an annual RD20 Summer School seem of most interest
to strengthen a common ambition and define common R&D priorities. Then, defining funding
mechanisms should be addressed to enhance and support efficiently broad international
cooperation.
•

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)

Future challenges in clean energy technologies essentially lie in their ability to massive
deployment in a sustainable way with economic relevance. A specific attention should be given
to raw materials needed for renewable energy infrastructures. In that respect, eco-design,
recycling methodologies and circular economy approaches deserve major attention.
To increase the flexibility of energy grids and control high quality demand-response services,
technological and digital developments are required jointly. Digital interfaces and digitalizationof energy systems and grids constitute a challenge for preparing the “smart cities” of tomorrow.
In addition, to make a responsible and “just” energy transition, its social and territorial
dimensions have also to be considered in order to involve citizens and local stakeholders andgain their support.

149

For such challenges, global approaches and international contributions could include
development of common benchmark protocols, definition of standards and characterization ofsustainable energy systems. International collaborations between international R&D
organizations could therefore be done by specific mechanisms supported at national levels andshould encourage researchers & students exchanges. Opening technological platforms could
constitute one way to investigate, and a particular effort could be directed to student andresearchers training. It is crucial that our young researchers could acquire a large and diverse
experience on these topics. Being trained in various R&D institutions for short term visits /courses could provide not only some additional scientific and technological knowledge, butalso insights about different cultures and other environment policies and strategies than thosewhich are implemented in their country of origin.

150

Florence Lefebvre-Joud, Ph.D., Hab.

CEA Research Director in the field of Materials for Energy & Hydrogen
In charge of National and International Academic Partnerships for Liten
Coordination of French research program on “Ceramic cells for High Temperature
Electrolysis”

1989
1989-1990
1991-1999
1997
20002018

PhD in Material Science, INSA Lyon
PECHINEY research Center in Voreppe France
CEA Grenoble: Nuclear Energy Division
Habilitation, Grenoble INP
CEA Grenoble: Renewable Energy Institute, LITEN
Validation of the annual cycle of the Institute for Advanced Studies inScience and Society (IHEST)

151

Message for RD20
RD20 is a unique forum gathering R&D organisations from five continents andrecognized scientists sharing a common ambition for the protection of our planet andthe mitigation of global warming.
As each country is facing different geographical, political and economic conditions,climate change mitigation will never rely on one solution coming from one country but
rather on a portofolio of different solutions adapted to each local situation. And it isworth highlighting that a large proportion of these technological solutions are still
under development in research labs, which gives researchers a major responsibility anda leading role.
While social appropriation of these technologies constitutes an essential lever for the
success of society decarbonization, codes and standards together with the calculationof environmental impact need also to be updated and shared to support the
deployment of these technologies.
RD20 offers the possibility to scientific teams, from different disciplinary fields, to join
forces for learning about all local situations, for developing common understanding
and approaches, for training the next generation of researchers and contribute
together reaching carbon neutrality by 2050.

152

Stephane Sarrade, Ph.D.
CEA - Energy Division - Direction of Energy Programs

Stephane Sarrade was graduated as food science and biotechnology Engineer in 1989. He got is
Ph. D in 1994 in Chemical Engineering applied to Supercritical fluids and Membranes processes.
He joined CEA in 1995 and was successively head of laboratory (1998), head of service (2004)
and head of department (2009) within the Nuclear Energy Division (DEN) of CEA. He managed
R & D programs in Chemical Engineering applied to decommissioning, decontamination,
reprocessing and nuclear wastes management.
Since 2020, Stephane Sarrade is director of the Energy Programs Direction port, a strategic
direction of the Energy Division (DES) within CEA, dedicated to low carbon energy R & D
programs (Nuclear and Renewable Energies). More than 2,200 CEA engineers / researchers andtechnicians are involved at CEA in this field with an annual research budget of around € 400
million.
He is also since 2011 research director of CEA in Chemical Engineering and Green Chemistry. In
parallel, he was chairman of the French Membranes Club (2000-2009) and he is since 2006
President of Supercritical Fluids Innovation (IFS), a non-profit organization devoted to green
processes. He is co-founder of a startup created in 2014, Inovalor, applied to new processes forhazardous waste management.

153

Message for RD20
In a technical and political point of view, RD20 is a unique forum and opportunity gathering
relevant R&D organisations from all over the world and recognized scientists sharing a common
ambition for the protection of our planet and the mitigation of global warming.
Our common goal, on all 5 continents, is to develop appropriate and industrially deployable
technological solutions to respond to the emergency of climate change.
As such, the RD20 aims to enable the exchanges necessary to accelerate our agenda and tocreate a community capable of uniting in the face of the challenge of net zero 2050.
My modest contribution is to carry this huge ambition and share what on the French side wehave put in place within this framework. My objective is also to learn from the experiences ofother countries, which each time have developed adaptation strategies. So, together we can act
with a tangible and permanent impact

154

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Production

Target / Goal Outcome

Hydrogen

Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA

Horizon Europe, French Local Institutions, French
ANR, Industrial partnerships (Genvia)

Development of a reversible Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis /Fuel cell system (r-SOC)

Proof of concept and evaluation of operation
conditions domain

Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA

Horizon Europe, French Local Institutions, French
ANR, Industrial partnerships (Sylfen)

Hydrogen storage in compressed vessels, in cryogenic liquid, in organic liquids or in ammonia

Feasability, proof of concept developement
life cycle and environmental impact analysis

Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA

Horizon Europe and French ANR

Transportation/Storage

Utilization

Development and integration of high compactness and low cost Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cells systems (PEMFC) for transportation with a special focus on either light or heavy transportation systems
2020 - 2030

Methanation andPower to X
CEA/France

Research on high efficiency exchange-reactor design for producing various types of low-carbon fuels and chemicals

Developement of low cost fabrication processes,
research for reduction of Pt catalysts content (< 10or 30 g/100 kW for light or heavy transportation),
Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA
research for increasing PEMFC lifetime (up to8000 h or 30 000 h for light or heavytransportation),

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships (Symbio)

Increase reactions flexibility with relevant yields

Dr Thibault CANTAT / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ADEME, industrial
partnerships

Evaluation of high temperature co-electrolysis
potential for complementing methanation inindustrial processes

Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR

30% cell efficiency by 2030

Dr Stéphane GUILLEREZ / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships

Increase power, capacity and safety

Dr Aymeric CANTON / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships

Dr Philippe AZAIS / CEA

Horizon Europe, French ANR, Industrial
partnerships

2020 - 2030

CCUS

2015 - 2030

Co electrolysis

Development of high temperature CO2 + steam electrolysis

Renewable
EnergySolar PVHigh efficiency silicon PV cells and modules development,
High efficiency tandem solar cell development andRecycling of PV modules

CEA/France

OthersBattery

Development of next generation Li ion batteries& all solid-state batteries
Battery recycling

CEA/France

Grids, Energy
Management
Systems

Smart Grids &EMS

Development of new power electronics and new grid architecture to ensure grid stability (massive intermittent energy sources)
Real time simultation
Autoconsumption
Grid flexibility and multi-vector grids
2020 - 2030

CEA/France

Partnership (if any)

Increase lifetime and robustness of SOE cells
stacks and systems (1 A/cm2 ; 0,7%/1000h)
Scaling up to100 MW capacity,

Development of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis
2015 - 2026

CEA/France

Lead person / Organization2017 - 2030

2018 - 2026

Increase grid flexibility and robustness
Allow large renewable share in the mix

155

Related information

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023

Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling
Fraunhofer ISE – Division Hydrogen Technologies•

Introduction

Fraunhofer ISE, with a staff of around 1400, is the largest solar research institute inEurope. The Institute creates the technological foundations for supplying energy
efficiently and on an environmentally sound basis in industrialized, threshold anddeveloping countries. Fraunhofer ISE conducts application-oriented research anddevelopment for key technologies of the future. To this purpose, the Institute addresses awide range of subjects and pursues a holistic, systemic approach. Its business areas
extend from Photovoltaics, Energy-Efficient Buildings, Hydrogen Technologies andElectrical Energy Storage, Solar Thermal Power Plants and Industrial Processes, andPower Electronics to Grids and Smart Systems. These Business Areas offer the potential
to contribute to the expansion of renewable energy, targeted by the “Energiewende”
which is a roadmap towards the transition to a low-carbon, nuclear-free economy,
supplied mainly by renewable energy sources. The energy supply structure in Germany
is undergoing a comprehensive transformation process towards ambitious renewableenergy and climate policy goals:• 2030: 65% reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions compared to 1990
• 2038: Shutdown of the last coal-power plant• 2040: 88% reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions compared to 1990
• 2045: Greenhouse-gas neutrality
Regarding the definition of clean energy, Fraunhofer is orienting itself on the rationaleof the German government. “Clean energy” are energy forms that do not harm theenvironment, especially in regard to greenhouse-gasses and other harmful emissions(e.g. radioactive material).
The vision of Fraunhofer is to shape the transformation towards an economically,
environmentally friendly, secure and socially accepted energy supply for electricity, heatand mobility.

156

Fraunhofer ISE also sees the opportunity in supporting several SDGs of the Agenda
2030, e.g. goal 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy”, goal 13 “Climate Action”, goal 17“Partnerships for the Goals”, and more. The Institute’s division “Hydrogen
Technologies” with its departments “Fuel Cell”, “Sustainable Synthesis Products”, and“Chemical Energy Storage” enqueues in this context.
Fraunhofer is strongly active in all R&D areas contributing to carbon-reduction,
renewable energy resources, hydrogen utilization, electrification of industries andmobility as well as energy efficiency.

•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

Fraunhofer ISE conducts application-oriented research and development for key
technologies of the future. Materials, components, systems and processes are developedin five business areas:• Photovoltaics• Energy efficient buildings• Hydrogen technologies and electrical energy storage• Solar thermal power plants and industrial processes• Power electronics, grids and smart systems
In addition to its R&D, the institute offers testing and certification procedures.
Furthermore,
it features an excellent laboratory infrastructure and is certified according to the German
quality
management standard DIN EN ISO 9001:2015.
The “Hydrogen Technologies” division of Fraunhofer ISE undertakes research on the
production, conversion, and further thermochemical processing of hydrogen. Inhydrogen production, the research focus lies on the polymer-electrolyte membraneelectrolysis (PEM). The PEM technology is also applied to develop fuel cell systems,
particularly for the mobility sector. Based on thermo-chemical processes, liquid fuels
and chemicals are synthesized from hydrogen and carbon dioxide (power-to-liquids). In
the research areas “Fuel Cells”, “Electrolysis” and “Synthetic Fuels”, components andsub-systems for hydrogen technology are tested and characterized with scientifically
based methods.

157

•

Specific research activities

Fraunhofer ISE has defined four strategic key topics:• Tandem Photovoltaics – The Road to Higher Conversion Efficiencies:• The research aim is to increase the energy conversion efficiency ofphotovoltaics and bring down the costs. Tandem photovoltaics hold great
promise for achieving these goals and is among the fastest-developing
solar technologies today. The high efficiency of tandem solar cells allows
for more energy output per surface area, thus creating potential savingsin solar cell and module materials – an important aspect in regard to thesustainability of photovoltaics.
• The wide-ranging in-house expertise in this area enables Fraunhofer ISE
to offer research services on all aspects of the technology and provide
customers with comprehensive expert solutions. Research in tandem
photovoltaics include: Solar cell development, production technology,
module technology as well as characterization and calibration.
• Integrated Photovoltaics – Areas for the Energy Transformation:• Integrating PV technology into building envelopes, vehicles and roads,
as well as over agricultural fields and floating on water surfaces,
capitalizes on surface areas with a tremendous potential for generating
solar power. In Germany, building-integrated solar technologies andagrophotovoltaics alone offer a combined technical potential of several
hundred gigawatts of power. Integrated PV also creates synergies withother aspects, for instance by increasing the range of electric vehicles or
improving noise protection on roads and railways. Generating solar
power close to the consumer or directly onboard vehicles also reduces
reliance on the power grid.
• Fraunhofer is working on highly efficient photovoltaic technologies,
application-optimized cell and module designs, production technology
and digital processes. This is supplemented by the development of thenecessary power electronics and analyses for potential, costs andprofitability.
• Heat Pumps – A Key Technology for the Energy Transition:• Heat pumps will be the dominant heating technology in the future energy

158

•

system. Scientific studies have shown they will play a key role in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector.
• Fraunhofer ISE is working to advance heat pump technology by
optimizing materials, components and devices. For example, theecological balance of heat pumps is improved by reducing refrigerant
charge and using natural or synthetic low-GWP refrigerants. Additionally,
also the control and sensor technology and safety concepts are optimized.
Since the heat pump of the future should be able to optimize itself using
artificial intelligence, technologies are developed that enable the heatpump to automatically adapt to building performance and user behavior.
Stationary Battery Storage – Necessary for a further expansion ofrenewable energies:• Stationary battery storage can be used for intermediate storage of
renewable energy, smoothing of load peaks, stabilization of the power
grid and reduce needed grid expansion. A large demand for stationary
battery storage is expected in Germany and internationally.
• Fraunhofer ISE focuses on battery technology, grid integration andapplication as well as test procedures and quality assurance. This issupplemented by market, system and ecological analyses.

Programs and projects conducted by Hydrogen division:
The department of Sustainable Synthesis Products focuses on the topics Power-toLiquids, Sustainable Catalytic Materials, Sustainability Assessment, and Process
Development. A list of representative research projects follows below:• SAFari - Sustainable Aviation Fuels based on Advanced Reaction and Process
Intensification (2022-2028)• Carbon2Chem® Phase 2 - Dynamic Methanol Synthesis from Steel Mill Gases(2020-2024)• StoRelH2 – Storage / Release H2 (2021 – 2023)• NAMOSYN – Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels (2019 – 2022)• HyCO2 – Liquid Energy Storage, Chemicals, and Fuels from CO2 and H2(2015 – 2018)
Researchers of the Fuel Cells department work on the Characterization of Components,
Cells and Stacks, on the Characterization of Systems and Peripheral Components, on

159

the Development of Stacks and Systems, on Production Research for Fuel Cells, and on
Modelling and Simulation Performed on the Microscale up to the System Level.
• FC-CAT – Fuel Cell CFD and Through-Plane Modeling (2019-2024)• FC-RAT - Fuel cell degradation modelling (2021-2024)• HyFab-BW – HyFab-Baden-Württemberg (2019 – 2023)• BI-FIT – Break-In for Fuel Cells Initializing and Testing (2022-2024)• HAlMa – H2 and Cation Contamination: Ageing Effects, Material and Sensor
Development (2016 – 2020)• QuBK – Qualification of Fuel Cell Components (2017 – 2020)• DEKADE – German Canadian Fuel Cell Cooperation: Diagnosis andDevelopment of Components for Automotive Fuel cells (2017 – 2019)• BEPPEL – Bipolar Plates for Fuel Cells and Electrolysers (2017 – 2020)
The fields of work within the research topic Hydrogen Production by Water
Electrolysis are the Characterization of Materials and Components, the Development of
PEM Water Electrolysis Systems, Power to Gas, and Hydrogen Infrastructure.
• H2Carsharing – Testing of FCEV in car sharing (2022 - 2023)• CINES – Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems (2019 –2023)• Copernicus-Ariadne – Evidence-Based Assessment to Map Out the German
Energy Transformation (2020 – 2023)• Prometheus – New Concept of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Stackfor Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (2021 – 2024)• WESpe – Technical and Economic System Analysis for Power-to-gas Systems(2013 – 2017)•

International collaboration

4.1
Status of international collaboration
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft cooperates with legally independent Fraunhoferaffiliates in Europe, North and South America and Singapore. Representative Offices
and Senior Advisors worldwide form a bridge between the local markets and the160

Fraunhofer Institutes Their activities are focused on marketing and business expansion.
The Fraunhofer Brussels office serves as a platform for dialog with European policy
makers, with the additional functions of issuing public/ official statements andproviding information services.
Fraunhofer holds Memoranda of Understanding with a broad range of research institutes,
companies and organizations around the world.
Selected international collaborations of Fraunhofer ISE:
• Global Alliance for Solar Energy Institutes (GA-SERI): Together with AIST
and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL (USA), Fraunhofer ismember of the GA-SERI. It is an international group of scientific experts, which
since 2016 discusses challenges related to the use of photovoltaics and other key
technologies such as hydrogen to achieve global climate goals.
• Fraunhofer Innovation Platform for the Water-Energy-Food Nexus at
Stellenbosch University: Stellenbosch University and the FraunhoferGesellschaft have stablished a Fraunhofer Innovation Platform as part of astrategic partnership. The objective of this long-term cooperation is to jointly
develop tailored technological and cross-sectoral solutions for water, energy andfood security – for the benefit of people and the environment.
• Fraunhofer Chile Research – Centro para Tecnologías en Energía Solar(FCR-CSET), Santiago, Chile: Research in the field of solar generation ofelectricity, thermal solar energy, water purification and process heat.
• Among other memberships, Fraunhofer is a member of the European Research
Alliance (EERA), the European Technology and Innovation platform(ETIP) and the Association of European Renewable Energy ResearchCenters (EUREC)

Selected international collaborations of Fraunhofer ISE - Division Hydrogen through Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling:• Honorary professor at the University of Cape Town
• Co-chairof
theadvisory
board
of
NOW
(National Organization for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells)• Delegate on behalf of Germany in the Executive Committee of the Technology
Collaboration Program for Research and Development on the Production andUtilization of Hydrogen (TCP) of the International Energy Agency IEA• Member of the Governance Board of the Centre for Hydrogen Innovations of the

161

•
•
•

•

National University of Singapore, NUS
Vice President of the German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association, DWV
Sherpa in the Round Table Industry of the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance
Member of the HySupply Platform on Sustainable Hydrogen between Germany
and Australia performed by acatech (National Academy of Science andEngineering) and BDI (The Federation of German Industries)
Member of the Energy Systems of The Future, ESYS working group on
Hydrogen Economy 2030 – Transport Vectors for Green Hydrogen.

•Issues/ themes for promoting international collaboration
AIST, NREL and Fraunhofer ISE co-organized a series of “the Gigaton
Hydrogen Workshop” and “the Terawatt Workshop” under the tri-lateral MOU.
These workshops provide opportunities to discuss global issues from a technologicalperspective well as to recognize the necessity of cross border initiatives toward
solving the aforementioned global issues.

•

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In addition to the topics mentioned in chapter 3, hydrogen technologies play acentral role in the transformation of energy systems. These will become even more
important as progress towards climate neutrality continues, especially for
applications that are difficult to electrify. Additionally, hydrogen technologies offer
solutions for the import of climate-neutral energy and seasonal storage.

162

Curriculum Vitae
Prof. Dr. Christopher Hebling

Personal Details
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Physics Christopher Hebling
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, ISE
Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
Director Business Division Hydrogen Technologies
Co-Director Division Energy Technologies and Systems,
Date of birth: 26. April 1963 in Weinheim, Germany
E-mail:Cell: +49 175 2966752

Professional Career
Since 05/2019
Since 04/2011
Since 01/2018
01/2001 – 03/2011
10/1999 – 12/2005
01/1992 – 10/1999

Honorary Professorship at the University of Cape Town, South Africa
Director Business Division Hydrogen Technologies(150 staff, scientists, engineers and students, 95% external project funds)
Co-Director Division Energy Technologies and Systems at Fraunhofer ISE(approx. 500 staff, scientists, engineers and students)
Head of department Energy Technologies
Founder and Head of the group ‘Micro Energy Technology’(Approx. 40 staff)
Scientist in the silicon solar cell department at Fraunhofer ISE

Education
05/2019
11/1998
04/1993 - 10/1998

04/1992
04/1991 – 09/1992

10/1985 – 12/1991
06/1982
08/1973 – 06/1982

Honorary Professorship at the University of Cape Town, South Africa
Ph.D. in Physics, University Konstanz with “Summa Cum Laude” award
Ph.D. Thesis ‚Die kristalline Silicium-Dünnschichtsolarzelle auf isolierenden
Substraten‘ (‚Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Insulataing
Substrates‘), University Konstanz / Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg
Diploma in Physics“Untersuchungen von Defekten an Solarzellenmaterial mittels
Fourierspektroskopie”, („Investigations of Defects in Solar Cell Materials by
Means of Fourier Spectroscopy“) Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Faculty of Physics
High school graduation (Abitur)High school (Heissenberg Gymnasium Weinheim)

163

Publications
Publication of more than 150 journal and conference papers(Main topics: Integrated Energy Systems, Hydrogen in a Renewable Energy System, Sustainable
Mobility, PEM fuel cells, PEM Electrolysis, Power-to-Liquid, Life Cycle Analysis, Crystalline SiliconThin-Film Solar Cells, Micro Energy Technology, Power MEMS)- 6432 citations- h-index = 32 (Mai 2023)- www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/geschaeftsfelder/wasserstofftechnologien.html#conference-paper

Associations/Engagements- Member of the Governance Board of the Centre for Hydrogen Innovations of the National
University of Singapore, NUS- Member of the expert committee of the German Government on the Future Fund for theTransformation of the Automobile Industry- Vice Chair of the Board of the National Organization Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, NOW- Vice President of the German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association, DWV- Delegate on behalf of Germany in the Executive Committee of the Technology Collaboration
Program for Research and Development on the Production and Utilization of Hydrogen(TCP) of the International Energy Agency IEA- Sherpa in the Round Table Industry of the European Clean Hydrogen Alliance- Co-Speaker of the Strategic Research Topic Hydrogen Technologies of the Fraunhofer Society- Spokesperson of the Fraunhofer Society for Network Hydrogen (33 Fraunhofer Institutes)- Board Member of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems- Member of the HySupply Platform on Sustainable Hydrogen between Germany andAustralia performed by acatech (National Academy of Science and Engineering) and BDI (TheFederation of German Industries)- Member of the Energy Systems of The Future, ESYS working group on Hydrogen Economy
2030 – Transport Vectors for Green Hydrogen.
- Member of the annual Jury meeting for the Green Tech Awards (since 2009)- International Advisory Board Member of the Hydrogen South Africa HySA, Flagship Programof the Department of Science and Innovation, Government of South Africa (2015-2019)- Member of the organization committee of Energy Storage Europe conference (since 2014)- Member of the advisory board of f-cell / World of Energy Solutions conference (since 2001)- Venture Advisor - EARLYBIRD Venture Capital (2010-2015)- Founder and coordinator of Fraunhofer Future Theme Micro Energy Technology (2003-2007)- Conference Chair of the:- Internat. Workshop 'Perspectives on Power-to-Liquids and Power-to-Chemicals' (2016/18/21)- Internat. Workshop on PEM Electrolysis (2016)- Solar Summits 2010 (2010)- Fraunhofer Symposium on Micro Energy Technology (2006, 2007)- PowerMEMS 20072

164

- European Fuel Cell Forum, Lucerne (2005)- TPV6 (Thermophotovoltaic) (2005)- Co-Chair of the Indo-German Frontiers of Engineering Symposium (INDOGFOE) of theAlexander von Humboldt Foundation AvH, (2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012).
- Participant at the German-American Frontiers of Engineering Symposium of AvH (2008)- Member of Intern. Steering Committee PowerMEMS’ Series - ‘International Workshop on
Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion (until 2010)- f-cell Award in bronze (2002)- Reviewer of national and international project proposals in the field of fuel cell /electrolysis
technology, hydrogen model regions, integrated renewable energy systems, LCA.
- Three years of education in the field of Gestalt Therapy:
Degree as a Gestalt Supervisor, Gestalt Therapist, Gestalt Group Leader.

Most cited papers
1. Photovoltaic Materials, History, Status and Outlook
A. Goetzberger, C. Hebling, H.-W. SchockMaterials, Science and Engineering, Vol. R40 (1), pp. 1-46 (2003)
1421 citations
2. Visualization of Water Buildup in Cathode of a Transparent PEM Fuel Cell
K. Tüber, D. Pócza, C. Hebling,
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 124, pp. 403-414 (2003)
761 citations
3. Photovoltaic Materials, Past, Present, Future
A. Goetzberger, C. Hebling
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 62, pp. 1-19 (20487 citations
4. A PEM Fuel Cell for Combined Measurement of Current Temperature Distribution
and Flow Field Flooding
A. Hakenjos, H. Münter, U. Wittstadt, C. Hebling
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 131, pp. 213-216 (2004)
398 citations
5. Fuel Cells for Low Power Applications
A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda, C. Müller
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 105, pp. 148-153 (2002)
281 citations
6. Planar Self-Breathing Fuel Cells
A. Schmitz, M. Tranitz, S. Wagner, R. Hahn, C. Hebling
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 118, pp. 162-171 (2003)
171 citations
7. Investigation of Fractal Flow Fields in Portable PEMFC and DMFC
K. Tüber, A. Oedegaard, C. Hebling, M. Hermann
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 131/1-2, pp. 175-181 (2004)
147 citations
8. Influence of Diffusion Layer Properties on Low Temperature DMFC
A. Oedegaard, R. Tunold, C. Hebling, A. Schmitz, S. Moller-Holst
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 127, pp. 187-196 (2004)
116 citations
9. Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity Study of Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cells
H.M. Yu, C. Ziegler, C. Hebling, M. Oszcipok, M. Zobel
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 51, pp. 1199-1207 (2006)
134 citations
10. A polymer electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System for Powering Portable
Computers
K. Tüber, M. Zobel, H. Schmidt, C. Hebling
Journal of Power Sources Vol. 122, pp. 1-8 (2003)
105 citations
3165

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

SAFariIn the research project »Sustainable Aviation Fuels based on Advanced Reaction and Process Intensification« (SAFari), a consortiumof research institutes and industrial partners under the project leadership of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE willproduce and test sustainable kerosene from methanol in a pilot plant. The project is expected to contribute to the full market approvalof this methanol-based process route by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). [2022-2028]
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Synthetic Fuels

Lead person /Organization

This pilot plant for the production of
Dr. Ouda Salem
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) will be
Fraunhofer ISE
designed and operated with all functionalities
required for the eventual engineered process.
It will be equipped to demonstrate feasibilityof high yield methanol-based SAF production
in an industrially relevant area.

2022 - 2028 (R&D span)

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

StoRelH2

Fraunhofer ISE

HydrogenHydrogenstorage andtransportation

Hydrogen is a clean and versatile energy carrier, which will allow to achieve the strategic targets of zero-emission mobility,
decarbonisation of the key energy and industry sectors and integration of renewable energy sources. However, the nature ofhydrogen (explosive, volumetric low energy density) makes its storage and transport technically challenging and expensive form an
economic point of view. In this context the StoRelH2 project develops a new Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) technology,
which offers safe, efficient, cost-effective and easy to handle hydrogen transport and storage. Our focus is to reduce the energy input(≥ 25%) needed for H2 uptake and release and thereby to demonstrate the potential for reducing the H2 supply costs.). [2021-2023)
Current

Lead person /Organization

The StoRelH2 project aims to reduce theDr. Monika Bosilj
temperature level (≤ 150 °C) of
Fraunhofer ISE
dehydrogenation (H2 release process)and energy requirements and todemonstrate it at a technically relevant
scale. The new liquid to liquid LOHC
technology, researched at Fraunhofer
ISE, is based on N-heterocycles with awide liquid range.

Partnership (if any)

Related information

ASG Analytik-Service https://www.ise.fra
AGunhofer.de/en/res
earchBP Europe SE
projects/safari.html
Clariant Produkte(Deutschland) GmbH
Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft- und Raumfahrte.V. DLR
Südzucker AG
Bundesverband derDeutschen
Luftverkehrswirtschaft(BDL) e.V.
Partnership (if any)

Related information

Yeda Research andDevelopment(Technologietransfer
des Weizmann Instituteof Science, Israel)

https://www.ise.fra
unhofer.de/en/res
earchprojects/storelh2.h
tml

Partnership (if any)

Related information

2021 - 2023 (R&D span)

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Carbon2Chem

Fraunhofer ISE

CO2 Reduction

Steel
Production

The Carbon2Chem project explores how smelter gases from stel production can be used to create valuable primary products forfuels, plastics, or fertilizers. The Carbon2Chem approach is expected to make 20 million tons of the German steel industry's annual
CO2 emissions economically exploitable in future. This represents 10 percent of the annual CO2 emissions from German industrial
processes and the manufacturing industry. [2016-2024]
Current

Lead person /Organization

Pilot plant for demonstrating the integration of Dr.-Ing. Torsten Mü thyssenkrupp AG;
https://www.umsic
technology modules into a cross-industry
ller
ht.fraunhofer.de/en
BASF;
network with the smelter. Production of
Fraunhofer UMSICHT Max Planck Institute for /lines-ofresearch/carbonhydrogen by means of water electrolysis
Max Hadrich
Chemical Energy
cycle.html
using volatile renewable energies.
Fraunhofer ISE
Conversion;
Other partners fromresearch and industry;Phase 2: 2020 - 2024 (R&D span)

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

NAMOSYN - Sustainable Mobility with Synthetic Fuels
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Synthetic Fuels

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

Related programs(with short summary)
HyFab-BW - HyFab-Baden-Württemberg:

The goal of the project is to develop
Dr. Ouda Salem
sustainable fuel synthesis processes for
Fraunhofer ISE
diesel and gasoline engines and test themunder real conditions in combustion engines.

Partnership (if any)

Related information

37 project partners:
https://www.ise.fra
industrial companies,
unhofer.de/en/res
earchmajor research
institutions, universities projects/namosyn.html
and Fraunhofer
Institutes

Lead person /Organization

Partnership (if any)

Related information

The "HyFab-BW" project is intended to create Dr.-Ing. Matthias

ZSW: Solar Energy andhttps://www.ise.fra

Target / Goal Outcome
166

Lead person /Organization

Institutes

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

HyFab-BW - HyFab-Baden-Württemberg:

Research Factory for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Part 2

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Fuel Cells

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Current

Part 2 2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

Related programs(with short summary)Hydrogen

Fuel Cells

2020 - 2024 (R&D span)

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

OREO ELECTROLYSIS & FUEL CELLS - Overall Research on Electrode Coating Processes
Current

Fraunhofer ISE

Hydrogen

Lead person /Organization

The shift to fuel cells in heavy-duty transport Ulf Groosis addressed by the FC-RAT research project Fraunhofer ISE
coordinated by Fraunhofer ISE. Experts fromscience and industry want to significantly
expand and deepen the understanding of theaging processes in fuel cells. Based on this,the development of an aging model will
enable an estimation of the lifetime under realload profiles. At the same time, this modelingcan serve to optimize operating strategies.

Current

Fraunhofer ISE

The "HyFab-BW" project is intended to create Dr.-Ing. Matthias
an open, flexible platform for companies inKlingele
the plant engineering, automotive andFraunhofer ISE
supplier industries in which technologies forcomponent production and component
qualification can be researched and tested
with regard to the fuel cell membraneelectrode assembly.

Target / Goal Outcome

FC-RAT - Fuel Cell Realistic Aging Trend Modelling

Lead person /Organization

PEMElectrolysis
PEM-Fuel Cells
2021- 2023 (R&D span)

167

Aim is the production of catalyst coatedmembranes (CCMs) that are used in bot,PEL electrolysis and PEM fuel cells. Special
focus is the printing process of the catalyst
containing ink and different techniques toachieve high quality CCMs.

Lead person /Organization
Ulf GroosFraunhofer ISE

Partnership (if any)

Related information

ZSW: Solar Energy andHydorgen Research
Baden-Wuerttemberg;

https://www.ise.fra
unhofer.de/en/res
earchprojects/hyfabbw.html

Partnership (if any)

Related information

AVL Germany;
University of Freiburg;https://www.fona.de/de/massnahmen/foerdermassnahm
en/grundlagenforsc
hung-gruenerwasserstoff/fc-ratfuel-cellmodelling.php

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Audi;
Continental BeneckeKaliko AG;
Heraeus DeutschlandGmbH & Co. KG;

https://www.nowgmbh.de/projektfind
er/oreo/Institute/Country
Institute/Country

Theme
Theme

RelatedRelated programs
programs(with(with short
short summary)summary)Sub
Sub Theme
Theme

TargetTarget // Goal
Goal Outcome
Outcome

Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer Research
Research Cluster
Cluster Integrated
Integrated Energy
Energy systems
systems CINES
CINES
Current
Current

Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISE
ISE

OthersOthers

Cross-cutting
Cross-cutting
topic
topic

Institute/Country
Institute/Country

Theme
Theme

Sub
Sub Theme
Theme

20192023 (R&D
(R&D span)
span)
2019- 2023

RelatedRelated programs
programs(with(with short
short summary)summary)

TargetTarget // Goal
Goal Outcome
OutcomeResearchResearch Fab
Fab Battery
Battery Cells
Cells [2019-2023][2019-2023]

Fraunhofer ISE
ISE Energy
Fraunhofer
Energy Storage
Storage

Institute/Country
Institute/Country

Theme
Theme

Current
Current

RelatedRelated programs
programs(with(with short
short summary)summary)Sub
Sub Theme
Theme

AtaMoS-TeC:
AtaMoS-TeC: Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic Technologies
Technologies forfor Harsh
Harsh Conditions
Conditions

Solar Energy
Energy
Solar

PV
PV

Institute/Country
Institute/Country

Theme
Theme

Sub Theme
Theme
Sub

TargetTarget // Goal
Goal Outcome
OutcomeDevelop
Develop photovoltaic
photovoltaic technologies
technologies thatthat adapt
adapt
to
the
exceptional
conditionsoftheto the exceptional conditions of the Atacama
AtacamaDesertDesert (high(high radiaton;
radiaton; highhigh average
average hours
hours ofofsunshine,anaridclimate;skies
almostsunshine, an arid climate; skies almost
cloudless;cloudless; low
low ambient
ambient temperature).
temperature). Energy
Energycost
willbereducedtoacost will be reduced to a target
target ofof 25
25
US$/MWh byby thethe yearyear 2025
2025
US$/MWh

Current
Current

20172025 (R&D(R&D span)
span)
2017 -- 2025

Related programs
programs
Related(withshortsummary)(with short summary)Target // Goal
Goal Outcome
OutcomeTarget50Percent - Monolithic III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells with More than 50% Efficiency under Concentrated Irradiation
Current

2020 - 2023 (R&D span)
Fraunhofer ISE

Solar Energy

PV

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Implementation
Implementation ofof new
new battery
battery cell
cell concepts
concepts
andthedevelopmentofadvanced
and the development of advanced production
production
processes.
processes.

20192023 (R&D(R&D span)
span)
2019 -- 2023

Battery
Battery

Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISE
ISE

This
This cluster
cluster addresses
addresses central
central technological
technologicaleconomicchallengesofeconomic challenges of thethe energy
energyrevolution.
revolution. This
This includes
includes comprehensive,
comprehensive,
cross-sectoralenergycross-sectoral energy systemsystem analyses,
analyses,digitaldigital solution
solution models
models forfor thethe systemsystemintegration
integration ofof new
new technologies
technologies andand decisivedecisiveadvances inin electrolysis.
electrolysis. Science
Scienceadvances
communication
communication researchresearch isis anan additional
additional
focus
of
the
cluster.
focus of the cluster.

Related programs(with short summary)
Kopernikus project Ariadne

Prof.
Prof. Dr.
Dr. Hans-Martin
Hans-Martin
HenningHenning
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISE
ISE

Lead
Lead person
person //Organization
Organization
Prof.
Prof. Dr.
Dr. Jens
Jens Tübke
Tübke
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ICT;ICT;Dr.
Dr. Daniel
Daniel Biro
Biro
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISE
ISE

Lead
Lead person
person //Organization
Organization
SophiaSophia Köhler
KöhlerFraunhofer
Fraunhofer Chile
Chile
ResearchResearch

Lead person
person //LeadOrganization
Organization

Partnership (if(if any)any)Partnership
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISE;
ISE;
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer IEE;
IEE;
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer ISI;
ISI;
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer IEG;
IEG;

Partnership (if(if any)any)Partnership

Lead person /Organization

The aim of the project is to better understand Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin
the impact of various policy instruments in
Henning

Related information
information
Relatedhttps://www.cines.f
https://www.cines.f
raunhofer.de/
raunhofer.de/

Related information
information
Related

University
https://www.forsch
University ofof Münster;
Münster;
https://www.forsch
FWTH
AachenUniversity;
FWTH Aachen University; ungsfertigungungsfertigung10
10 Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer Institutes;
Institutes; batteriezelle.fraunh
batteriezelle.fraunh
ofer.de/en.html
ofer.de/en.html

Partnership (if(if any)any)Partnership

Related information
information
RelatedSERC
SERC Chile
Chile (Solar(Solar Energy
Energy https://www.fraunh
https://www.fraunh
ResearchCenter)ofer.cl/en/press/n
Research Center)
ofer.cl/en/press/n
ews/csetews/csetnews/atamos-tecnews/atamos-tecstartsstartsconstruction-forconstruction-forapplied-researchapplied-researchoutdoor.html
outdoor.html

Partnership
Partnership (if(if any)any)

The primary goal of the 50Percent project is Dr. Oliver Höhn
to produce the first multi-junction solar cell
Fraunhofer ISE
with an efficiency value of 50% and aconcentrator module with 40% efficiency.
The project also seeks to develop measuring
technology so that the cells can be measuredin accordance with internationally recognizedcalibration standards. The project aims toimpressively demonstrate German PV
research excellenceTarget / Goal Outcome
168

Lead
Lead person
person //Organization
Organization

RelatedRelated information
information
https://www.fraunh
ofer.ise.de/en/research-projects/50percent.html

Partnership (if any)

Related information
https://www.kopern
ikus-Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Kopernikus project Ariadne
Current

2020 - 2023 (R&D span)
Fraunhofer ISE

Others

Policy169

Lead person /Organization

The aim of the project is to better understand Prof. Dr. Hans-Martin
the impact of various policy instruments in
Henningorder develop socially sustainable energy
Fraunhofer ISE
system transformation strategies. From thevery beginning, political decision-makers,
business representatives and citizens will be
involved through a large-scale dialogue
process. Here, Fraunhofer collaborates withmany other R&D institutes; the project ismanaged by the Potsdam Institute for
Climate Impact Research.

Partnership (if any)

Related information
https://www.kopern
ikusprojekte.de/en/proj
ects/ariadne

Research and Development 20 for clean energy technologies (RD20)
Message from TERI

Director General
The Energy and resources Institute, India

With an aim to achieve carbon neutrality, RD20 (Research and Development 20),
the international framework was launched in 2019 by National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. This frameworkaims at development of clean energy technologies including Green Hydrogen.
Since the inception of this framework, RD20 international conferences are beingorganized annually to provide common forum the research leaders from G20
countries. Through this global platform, the G20 research leaders exchange theiridea, knowledge and identify potential collaboration opportunities to address theunderlying challenges through joint research explorations, knowledge exchange.
TERI is associated with this RD 20 framework since 2019 as RD20 member from
India and has been contributing in following domains, Green hydrogen, Renewableenergy, Sustainable Biofuels and Life Cycle Analysis through Knowledge
exchange of R&D activities, presentation of research leads, sharing best practices.
Through this RD20 platform, TERI is actively looking forward to extend
collaboration with all the RD20 member institutes including other institutes fromG20 countries in various domain; Sustainable infrstructure, Green Hydrogen,
Biofuelanddecarbonizing

industries,

Greenshipping

throughjoint

discussion/interaction.

4170

VIBHA DHAWAN

Director General
The Energy and resources Institute, India
Education
1.

Ph.D. (Botany), University of Delhi, 1985

2.

M. Phil. (Botany), University of Delhi, 1982

3.

M. Sc. (Botany), University of Delhi, 1981

4.

B.Sc. (Botany), University of Delhi, 1979

Work Experience
Director General, TERIMarch, 2021 – till date

Distinguished Fellow and Senior Director, TERI

Dec. 2015 – Feb. 2021

Adjunct Faculty– TERI University

1999 – till date

Deputy Director – Research Partnerships &Co-ordination
Borlaug Institute for South Asia

Sept. 2011 – Nov. 2015

Executive Director(Planning and Coordination) TERI

April 2010 – Sept. 2011

Executive Director(Advanced Biotechnology Development) TERI

July 2008 – March 2010

Vice-Chancellor
TERI University, New Delhi(on deputation)

May 2005 – June 2008

1
171

Executive Director(while on sabbatical)

January 2004 – April 2005

Director, Bioresources & Biotechnology Division

April 2001 – December 2004

Dean, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
TERI University, New Delhi

July 2001– April 2005

Senior Fellow

March 1997 – April 2005

Dean, Bioresources & Biotechnology Division

January 1996 - March 2001

Scientist In-charge, Tissue Culture Pilot Plant/
Micropropagation Technology Park

December 1993– April 2005

Fellow

March 1989 - March 1997

Research Associate

December 1985 - March 1989

Advisor, Bioresources & Biotechnology to theChief Minister of Assam

January 2007 – May 2016

Adjunct Professor & Consul General for college

July 2009 – till date

Of Agriculture and National Resources (CANR)South Asia Partnership (SAP),

Michigan State University, USA

Non-Executive Director, CABI Board

November 2010 – September 2016

Member, CGIAR Independent Science &Partnership Council

January 2011 – December 2013

Experience with International Organization
Consultant USAID for setting up of Tissue Culture Lab
in Afghanistan

May 2016 – August 2016

Deputy Director – Research Partnerships &Co-ordination
Borlaug Institute for South Asia

Sept. 2011 – Nov. 2015

Coordinator, Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural
May 2004 – April 2005
Biotechnology (APCoAB), an initiative of APAARI(Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural ResearchInstitutions, FAO, Bangkok)
World Bank: Appointed as Consultant to do a report on Biosafety Regulations in India in 2005
CGIAR CAS-IP – Appointed as Consultant in 2008 for “Strategies study on stewardship andliability in the context of IPR” along with Dr Rebecca Bratspies and Prof. Michael Blakeney.

2
172

Honours
Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, India
Awardsa.
First All India Biotech Association (AIBA) award for 1998. The award is given by All
India Biotech Association to the best individual scientist for the year in the area ofplant tissue culture.
b.
Kamal Kumari National Award for Science and Technology for the year 1998. The
award is given by Kamal Kumari Foundation for outstanding contribution to scienceand technology.
c.
First Biotech Product and Process Development and Commercialization Award of the
Department of Biotechnology for the year 2000. The award is presented for thedevelopment of new technology and commercialization with intense research efforts.
d.
Women Leadership Agriculture Award 2016 by Agriculture Today. This award is given
for showing exemplary leadership for agricultural research and extension.
e.
Indian Women Achievers Sammaan 2017, Bahrain by NRI Achievers

3173

Institute/Country

India/TERI

Theme

Renewable
EnergySub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)•Setting up of National Center of Excellence in Green Port and Shipping (NCoEGPS) at TERI GRAM, Gurugram

Current

Green Shipping
2022 - 2027 (R&D span)

Mission Innovation India Unit (2023-2028)

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

NCoEPSW will focus on five broad areas:ü Policy, regulatory and Researchü Human resource Development
ü Network Key partners and strategic collaborators
ü Explore area of work, outcomes, projects and resourcesü Engage past events, upcoming events, dissemination

Dr Vibha Dhawan (Coordinator) / TERI Ministry of Shpping& wand Waterways, Cochin
Shipyard LtD, Kochi,. Den Dayal Port authority
Kandla, Paradip Port authority Paradip, V.O.
Chadambaran Port, Thoothukudi,

Department of Science and Technology established Mission Innovation (MI) secretariat at TERI
for undertaking joint MI activities

Dr Vibha Dhawan (Coordinator) / TERI Department of Science and Technology

The objective is to demonstrate end to end technologies for industry platform biochemical/
biomaterial production from 1st and next generation feed stock at TRL 7 scale.

Dr Sanjukta Subudhi (Coordinator) /TERITata Chemcilas LtD.

To develop advanced Biofuel technologies at large scale through joint networksing with domain
experts from USA

Dr Vibha Dhawan (PI), Dr Sanjukta
Subuhdi (Co-PI) / TERI

Michigan State University, Washington state
university, Oregon State University

Current

TERI/India

Clean Energy

Clean energy

2023 - 2028 (R&D span)

Tata Chemiclas Ltd.-TERI Center of Excellence on Biochemiclas (2022-2025)

TERI/India

Biomaterials

Current

Biomaterials/Biochemical
2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

Indo-U.S. Virtual Networked Center on ‘Advanced Bio-based Energy and value-added Commodity Production:
Moving towards next generation feed-based biorefineries’ (2022-2024).
Current

TERI/India

Clean Energy

advanced Biofuel2022 - 2024 (R&D span)

Current

174

Related information

The 5th RD20, Oct. 5 2023
R&D activities in ENEA on the Clean Energy Technologies
Dr. Giorgio Graditi
General Director
ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies,
Energy and Sustainable Economic Development

1. Introduction
ENEA is a public body with the aim of pursuing research and technological innovation, as
well as providing enterprises, public administration, and citizens with advanced services in the
sectors of energy, environment and sustainable economic development.
ENEA activities in the field of renewable energy sources are mainly centered upon research,innovation, and technology transfer. The Agency also provides advanced services contributing
to both decreasing CO2 emissions and the national energy dependence on fossil sources andincreasing Italy’s economic competitiveness.
ENEA is present with numerous Research Centers distributed throughout the Italian national
territory (Bologna, Brasimone, Brindisi, Casaccia, Frascati, Ispra, Portici, Santa Teresa,
Salluggia, Trisaia); has excellent instrumentation and a consolidated experience and capacity fortechnological innovation and has gained a high degree of competence in the management ofcomplex projects at national, European and international level, providing tests, studies andmeasurements aimed at increasing the quality of products, services and processes, promoting
their sustainability and enhancement for production and competitiveness purposes.
ENEA, through the Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources (TERIN),
operates in the energy sector with particular reference to energy renewable sources and vectors(photovoltaic and agrivoltaic, concentrated solar, biomass and biofuels, hydrogen and e-fuels),
to technologies and systems for energy storage, transport and distribution (Smart Grid, power togas/liquid, electrochemical and thermal storage), to technologies and new models to decarbonize
energy final uses (Renewable Energy Communities, smart industry, smart cities, smart
communities, sustainable mobility, fuel cells, heat pumps, advanced thermal cycles), to enabling
technologies and for digital transition (Cloud Computing, Big Data, Blockchain, IoT, AI, HPC,
machine learning, etc.), in whose sectors it is a national and European reference point in appliedresearch; has excellent equipment and a consolidated experience and capacity for technologicalinnovation.
In such context, ENEA coordinates the National Technological Energy Cluster, which aims
to promote scientific and technological research to foster participation, coordination andlaunching of national and international initiatives and projects concerning the energy sector, bygiving particular attention to clean energy solutions.
With particular focus on Hydrogen, ENEA is member of the Board of Directors of the Italian
Association of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, is serving as technical-scientific advisory to support
the Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy in the framework of the Important Projectsof Common European Interest (IPCEI) on hydrogen and is member of the Board of the Hydrogen
Europe Research. In this specific context, ENEA also covers representative roles in National,
European and International initiatives: Italian delegate of IEA-Hydrogen and IEA-AFC
Technology Collaborative Programmes; member of Hydrogen Europe Research and the Clean
Hydrogen Alliance and coordinator of the EERA Joint Programme on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen.
1

175

The priorities of ENEA activities take into account the National Resilience and Recovery
Plan (PNRR) and the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC).
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
ENEA, through the Department for Energy Technologies and Renewables Sources (500
researchers and technicians organized in six Divisions), fosters innovation in the developmentof new technologies, devices, and systems in the sectors of energy and renewable energy.
Additionally, ENEA activities focus on research in the field of energy management systems(smart grid, grid integration with variable renewable energy, HEMS/BEMS with hydrogen,vehicle to X), also considering life cycle assessment and social acceptability aspects related tothe energy sector.
All the R&D activities in the field of clean energies, supported by testing and validation on
relevant scale experimental platforms (some examples in Fig. 1) are aimed at the reduction ofgreenhouse gas emissions and fossil-sourced energy dependency, development of a low-carbon
economy, also by optimizing energy use, medium-to-long-term diversification of energy sources,enhancement of the competitiveness of the Italian industry by reducing energy costs.

Fig. 1: ENEA Research Test Facilities
2

176

The priorities of research activities refer to the National Resilience and Recovery Plan(PNRR), Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC) targets and to the Program
Agreements with the Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security (Electric System
Research and Mission Innovation). Moreover, research activities consider the vision embodied
by the European SET Plan, EERA (European Energy Research Alliance), IEA (International
Energy Agency), BIC (Bio-based Industries Consortium), SERIT (Security Energy in Italy) andthe Horizon Europe programs.
3. Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen and others
ENEA has been conducting experimental studies and field research on Concentrating Solar
Thermal (CST) technology for 20 years. The core of the innovation introduced during the past
years by ENEA consists in the use of molten salt mixtures both as heat transfer fluid and thermal
storage material, replacing the conventional diathermic oil, and in the development of highperformance selective coatings for the Parabolic Trough (PT) receiver, producing a series ofpatents whose licenses have been acquired by a national industry in the sector. Currently, main
activities, characterized by medium-high technological maturity, aim at the development andconstruction of new prototypes and demonstration systems. In particular, the research is mainly
focused on the development of new materials for reliable and costly effective components (highperformance spectrally selective coatings with reduced emissivity and enhanced stability up to
600°C, self-cleaning and smart coatings for low maintenance mirrors alternative molten salts
mixtures) and new system configurations for multipurpose CST plants, able to generateheat/power for distributed or centralized applications, and possibly integrated with different
renewable energy sources locally available (photovoltaic/wind or biomass) to reduce the costs
and increase the dispatchability of heat/electricity produced. In this respect, the development of
versatile thermal energy storages (TES), flexibly powered by heat and renewable electricity(wind/PV) is a key asset for ENEA, which is also considering and analyzing the transversal
application of thermal energy storage for the coupling of the power and heating sectors, beyond
the waste heat recovery in industrial processes. To this end, different heat storage systems(sensible/latent/ thermochemical) in the medium-high temperature range are currently being
developed by ENEA, with the realization of pilots and demonstrators to validate technicalsolutions and facilitate the technological transfer to the industry. A specific research activity isalso focused on the development of CST solutions for the provision of medium/high temperature
heat to the industrial processes (SHIP), whit the aim of promoting the decarbonization of theindustrial sector. Finally, a promising perspective for the application of CST technology is thethermal supply of "green" fuel production processes (in particular, hydrogen) starting frombiogas/biomass or water. In this regard, both the hydrogen generation processes that use water
as a primary source and those that use a carbon source (fossil or biological) can be powered byhigh-temperature heat and/or by the electricity produced by CST plants, depending on the typeof process considered. ENEA is actively involved in this field, with R&D activities ranging fromnew materials development to process design, realization, and testing.
Regarding the development of photovoltaics (PV) as key technology to build a secure andsustainable energy system for the future and to favor the energetic transition, ENEA isdeveloping materials and device architecture for highly efficient solar cells. In particular, theresearch is focused on tandem solar cells realized by a silicon heterojunction bottom cell and aperovskite front cell. Perovskite/Silicon solar cell mechanically stacked two terminal tandem
cells, having maximum efficiency of 31%, have been obtained with the research efforts incooperation with Rome University “Tor Vergata”, while efficiencies higher than 20% have beenobtained on perovskite single junction solar cells.
3

177

ENEA is giving great boost to the development of Agri-PV, while finalizing its studies toseveral demonstration sites, to show how to convert simple agricultural sites into possible
resources of open space for communities, adding to the productive values (electricity and food)the recreational one, with maximum landscape integration to favor the social acceptability ofagrivoltaic systems. Recently ENEA has promoted the creation of the Italian network forsustainable agrivoltaic and coordinates this network with the aim to provide guidelines to support
decision makers, as well as methodologies for impact assessments. ENEA has also designed
new/renovated greenhouses with the roofs equipped with different customized photovoltaic
glasses and is also realizing spectrally selective solar cells in order to study the effects on test
species (plants and microalgae).
Furthermore, research activities on PV module eco-design have been started based on theutilization of new polymers alternative to conventional encapsulants and backsheets, looking
also to the possibility to recover valuable materials, such as glass, metals and polymers
introduced into the eco-designed panels.
ENEA is also implementing efforts on Digital-PV, a meeting place between artificial intelligence(AI) techniques and those characterizing the energy sector. Priority is being given to the needs
for monitoring, management, and operation of photovoltaic systems. New methods for anomalies
detection, predictive O&M and the assessment of solar suitability, also with the creation of tools
for the public decision-makers aimed at optimal energy planning including photovoltaics, are theresearch targets.
Paying now attention to the topic of hydrogen, it is necessary to emphasize that the R&D
activities in ENEA began before the 2000s and have never stopped. Over the years, various
pathways and methods for the production of hydrogen have been explored, both thermochemicaland electrochemical, with carbonaceous matter and/or water as feedstock. Hydrogen conversion
and utilization have been investigated too.
Currently the research is mainly focused on advanced low temperature electrolysis andhigh temperature electrolysis. ENEA activities on low temperature electrolysis concern both
the development and optimization of the electrochemical aspects of polymeric devices, both thedesign and implementation of the complete systems (with the main objective to increase theelectrolysis operating pressure to reach values close to 70 bar). For what concerns the research
activities in the field of high temperature electrolysis ENEA expertise lays mainly in a structured
and well proven methodology for testing and characterization of solid oxide electrolysis (SOE)and molten carbonate electrolysis (MCE). Particularly advanced electrochemical diagnostic tools
have been developed and improved in years of activities, enabling not only a more accuratequality assessment of specific systems but also the development of ad hoc accelerated stress tests
able to predict the degradation phenomena occurring inside high temperature electrolysis in ashorter time.
The thermochemical processes of gasification and pyrolysis are also studied at ENEA,
being considered among the most viable processes for the valorization of residual biomass
feedstocks. Several gasification reactors, European Research Infrastructure (ZECOMIX) andplant configurations, have been developed in order to allow the highest performance in relation
to the feedstock to be exploited and the application to which address the producer gas (such as
H2 productions and liquid biofuels, as well as combined heat and power).
Thanks to the availability of a technological park provided with facility of different size,
from bench to pilot scale, based on different reactor technologies (e.g. fixed bed, rotary kiln,
fluidized bed and stage reactors) and the availability of well-equipped analytical labs forchemical characterizations, on this field it is possible to carry out studies focused on thechemistry and the technology of the conversion process of solid fuels into combustible gaseous
stream, as well as on its purification, subsequent conditioning and use. The overall aim is thedevelopment of the most effective solutions based on the chemical and physical characteristics
4178

of the feedstocks, their availability, and the potential final applications. The specific items regard:- Gasification reactor design, with particular attention to fixed and fluidized bed reactor.
- Process intensification for N2-free producer gas via steam/oxygen gasification agent tomake available a producer gaseous stream useful for hydrogen production or to be
directed to chemical conversion.
- Simultaneous gas cleaning and conditioning via in-bed catalysts and sorbents.
- Producer gas exploitation for power production via ICE and SOFC.
- Producer gas exploitation for conversion in advanced energy carrier, with attention to
bioSNG, eventually integrated with use of hydrogen from water electrolysis for electrical
RES storage and grid stabilization, as well as for chemical storage of the hydrogen itself.
- Valorization of process by-product with particular attention to biochar and its possible
uses, including emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage andconversion.
About hydrogen utilization, different approaches are followed: fuel cell application andhydrogen combustion. ENEA attention gradually turned to the study and development ofdifferent types of fuel cells, such as polymeric fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells or solidoxide fuel cells. In the last years, from a research and development prospective, most of theefforts were focused on two main topics regarding SOFC technology: extending systems lifetime
and improving the reliability and automation of mass manufacturing. The main activity carriedout in ENEA related to SOC technology has always been the testing and characterization of solidoxide cells on a laboratory scale, conducted in the framework of European research projects.
Testing and characterization of solid oxide cells samples, supplied by the leading
manufacturers in Europe, are carried on at the level of button cells (1-10 cm2), single cells (up to
100 cm2) and laboratory scale power modules (short stacks, 5-6 single cells connected in series).
The main studies are focused on: (i) the evaluation and quantification of the electrochemical
performance by simulating the different operating conditions with respect to the scope of a
specific project, (ii) the study of the material degradation phenomena, induced by particular
operating conditions or by the presence of contaminants in the fuel gas, (iii) the definition ofexperimental procedures for the qualification of the performance of commercial cells andmodules.
Dealing with combustion applications, hydrogen will contribute to decarbonise the power
and transport sectors as well as the hard-to-abate industrial sector. Although in the power
generation sector most of the attention is focused on renewable energies, gas turbines still playa crucial role: they are asked to operate as a back-up service to sustain variable renewable energy
sources and stabilize the electric grid, with a contribution to the electric system flexibility. It isfundamental to have fuel-flexible gas turbines running with hydrogen blends as fuel (fromhydrogen-enriched natural gas, HENG, to ammonia, a promising H2-carrier) in a stable, safe andreliable way when the hydrogen content unpredictably varies in time due to intermittent
production from renewables.
ENEA is investigating combustion technologies for burning HENG with high hydrogencontent and low NOx emissions, mainly applicable for fuel-flexible gas turbines but also having
positive feedbacks for burners and furnaces in the hard-to-abate industry. Activities will aim toinvestigate flame topology (wrinkles, length) and burning rate changes while increasinghydrogen, to define strategies for real-time combustion stability monitoring, to develop new fuelflexible low-NOx combustors for micro-gas turbines.
Also, CCUS technologies represent a broad class of technological options for
decarbonisation of industries and power at large scale favouring a growing share of renewable
in energy and industrial processes. Technologies for CO2 capture, transport, and storage havebeen demonstrated and shown to be technological feasible. However, high priority research gaps
exist to address barriers such as investment and operating cost, robustness real and perceived
5179

risks and flexibility.
ENEA is in charge of a 0.5MWt pilot plant ZECOMIX (Zero Emission of Carbon with Mixed
technologies) for decarbonisation of fuel gas (syngas) and flue gas. Different sustainable
technologies are being investigated in this plant. The key objective is the hydrogen production
from syngas and methane with simultaneous capture of CO2 via calcium based solid sorbents.
ZECOMIX is a European ECCSEL (European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory
Infrastructure) research infrastructure. Being a member of ECCSEL consortium is a label ofquality: it has been evaluated via a European process based on commonly agreed criteria andrecognized as being of the highest standards and relevance to research in Europe. As member of
ECCSEL consortium ZECOMIX offers: (i) top quality scientific and technological performanceand support recognized as being of European relevance; (ii) access visiting scientists from
Europe and beyond through a transparent selection and admission process on the basis ofscientific merit; (iii) training for PhD and Master students.
ENEA is, also, in charge of projects, programmes and research infrastructures whereoperational conditions will be provided along with the cost effectiveness of CCUS processes.
The activities of ENEA identify credible and clearly key performance indicators (KPIs) for the
reduction of the energy penalty, the capture rate and the related capital and operational costs of
the CO2 capture processes and thermochemical conversion of biogenic feedstocks and reformingof methane. The CO2 capturing materials used in the ENEA laboratories and infrastructures areadvanced solid sorbents that permits cheaper CO2 cost removal than state-of-the-art solutions
proposed for pre-combustion capture such as amines. Furthermore, ENEA promotes next
generation CO2 capture with higher efficiencies (8-10% increase in carbon removal efficiency),
lower energy consumption (20-30% decrease) and lower capture costs (20-40% decrease) thanconventional pre-commercialized and existing CO2 capture technologies (e.g., ammines). ENEA
is developing thermochemical conversion of methane and biomass residue feedstocks to couple
with CO2 capture and hydrogen production.
The use of the chemical process methanation - conceived by Sabatier in 1902 - chemicallyconverts CO2 into CH4 by reaction with a hydrogen flow electrically generated; it was proposed
after 2010 as a solution for energy storage: the discontinuous nature of most renewable sources,
candidate to supply increasingly part of the world energy needs, could be remedied by anappropriate energetic high value storage medium. The ENEA MENHIR Plant (MEthaNe andHydrogen Infrastructured with Renewable) is an infrastructure dedicated to the study of Powerto Gas technologies. A modular, moveable and containerized facility composed by two shippable
containers equipped with an electrolyser and a methanation unit. The methanation unit iscomposed by a tubular fixed bed reactor with different stages of catalytic beds, able to work incooled or adiabatic conditions. The facility is suitable for evaluating the dynamic environmentof the individual units and of the integrated system start up, shut-down, stand-by e idle condition(plant able to work at load between 20 % and 100%); testing different methanation catalysts andintensified reactor; testing different process methanation configuration (e.g. cooled or adiabatic
reactor condition); testing methanation unit performance in different operating conditions oftemperature, pressure, inlet flows, typical of the implementation in Power To Gas (start up, shutdown, stand-by e idle); testing of upgrading methodologies (e.g. membranes); evaluating hybrid
systems of energy storage.
The energy storage will guarantee the balancing of the grid, a greater seasonal storage
capacity and, at the same time, will encourage the penetration of RES in energy-intensive sectors,
including transport and industrial sectors.
Batteries are a key enabler for renewable energy sources full deployment and for
decarbonization. Among all electrochemical energy storage technologies, Li-ion batteries are themore advanced and promising; they already have been a game changer in the portable electronic
market and they have a pivotal role in the “full-electrification revolution”. As European ETIP
6

180

Batteries Europe claims 1 : “within this decade, where it is technologically and economically
viable, everything that can be electrified will be electrified, thus making battery technology oneof the most important key enablers for the green energy transition facilitating existing and newtechnologies”.
The main contributor to the rising demand for Li-ion batteries is the electric vehicle (EV)market. The stationary storage market is also expected to experience significant growth in thenext decades. The total global battery demand is expected to reach nearly 1,000 GWh per yearby 2025 and exceed 2,600 GWh by 2030. 2 In Europe, the demand for EV batteries is expected
to surpass 200 GWh per year by 2023 and reach around 400 GWh by 2028, creating at least 3-4
million jobs in the process. 3
Battery technologies have a wide range of solutions at different readiness level, often called“generations” enlisted in the following table.
Battery
Generation
Gen 1
Gen 2aGen 2bGen 3aGen 3b
Gen 4aGen 4b
Gen 4cGen 5

Electrodes active materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Cell Chemistry / Type

Cathode: LFP, NCA
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC111
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC523 to NMC 622
Anode: 100% carbon
Cathode: NMC622 to NMC 811
Anode: carbon (graphite) + silicon content (5-10%)
Cathode: HE-NMC, HVS (high-voltage spinel)
Anode: silicon/carbon
Cathode NMC
Anode Si/C
Solid electrolyte
Cathode NMC
Anode: lithium metal
Solid electrolyte
Cathode: HE-NMC, HVS (high-voltage spinel)
Anode: lithium metal
Solid electrolyte
Li|O2 – lithium air / metal air
Conversion materials (primarily Li|S)
new ion-based systems (Na, Mg or Al)

Forecast market
deployment

Li-ion Cell

current

Li-ion Cell

current

Li-ion Cell

current

Optimised Li-ion

2020

Optimised Li-ion

2025

Solid state Li-ion

2025

Solid state Li metal>2025

Advanced solid state2030

New cell gen: metal-air/conversion chemistries / new
ion-based insertion chemistries>2030

R&D activities are carried out on all the different generations: from the next-to-market
generations to the already well positioned or the far in the future ones. Improvements can beaimed in many aspects of the battery value chain and on the sustainability or performances sides.
ENEA activities on storage systems are focused on innovative batteries development:
research program intends to pursue the entire battery value chain, from the development of newbattery materials to new battery systems, from cradle to grave. ENEA’s research on advanced
materials for batteries aims at having more sustainable, performing, and safer materials.
Throughout Italian and European funded projects, ENEA’s research laboratories work on parallel
topics:• Lithium-rich cathode materials• Intrinsically safer electrolytes, such as ionic liquid based or solid polymer electrolytes• More eco-friendly components as water-soluble binders• Fluorine-free separators• Nanostructured silicon-based and graphene-based anodes• Material synthesis optimization and scaling-up at a pre-industrial scale
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/technology-and-innovation/batteries-europe/news-articles-and-publications/sra_en
World Economic Forum, M. analysis. A Vision for a Sustainable Battery Value Chain in 2030 Unlocking the Full Potential to Power Sustainable Development and Climate
Change Mitigation. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Vision_for_a_Sustainable_Battery_Value_Chain_in_2030_Report.pdf (2019)3https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/our-work/opinions-information-reports/opinions/strategic-action-plan-batteries-report
1
2

7

181

•
•

New battery chemistries, such as Na-ion or Li|S or multivalent ion batteries.
Smart sensors development and their integration within the battery system.

In addition to the study and design of specific technologies (e.g., CSP, PV, etc.), ENEA is
involved in R&D activities related to the development of technological application forsupporting integration of RES into the energy systems and maximizing their penetration thanks
to an increased efficiency in energy resources use. In this scope, ENEA designs and implements
innovative Energy Management Systems (EMSs) in the context of local multi-carrier energy
systems - in presence of a variety of heat and power technologies as generation, conversion, andstorage systems, and/or in presence of plug-in EVs, which can operate in both G2V and V2Gmodes - with the aim of satisfying the multi-energy demand of a user or group of users indynamic conditions. Thanks to advanced programming techniques AI based, these EMSs may
not only smartly manage local assets, according to multi-objective functions aiming at enabling
the optimal operating conditions into a specific network (e.g., electrical, gas, etc.), but also
smartly coordinate, as a unique energy system, the several networks and multiple energy carriers
integrated into the system. Therefore, going beyond the smart grid concept, these new generationof EMSs enable the smart energy networks, complex energy infrastructures characterized by ahigh level of integration between all networks of energy carriers, coupling electrical networks
with gas networks, heating, and cooling, supported by energy storage and conversion processes.
In addition to EMSs solutions, ENEA is fully committed within research activities regarding
Smart Grids and Smart Energy Networks by designing and developing innovativetechnologies and applications for the smart management and control of power grids and energy
networks, and local and renewable energy communities. Besides EMSs, ENEA deals with theresearch on sustainability. In general, sustainability assessment is a field not strictly related tothe design of a specific technology, but it is rather a service provided to energy and transport
related technologies aimed at assessing their sustainability. In particular, the general goal of these
activities consists in verifying the potential contribution of the technologies developed inreaching the sustainability targets set by policies and research programs with the aim ofcontributing to their improvement with an eco-design approach. In this context, ENEA researchaims at developing a technology neutral methodology for the assessment of energy and transport
related technologies and setting up an integrated knowledge and data system. The most recent
technologies assessed in terms of sustainability are: agrivoltaic, CSP, biofuels, solid bioenergy,
biogas and biomethane, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, batteries, cement, and steel with a focus oncarbon capture.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the strength of ENEA stands in its ability to develop
technologies, processes, components, and systems for the safe and efficient exploitation of RES
by the view of carbon neutrality of the energy system. Within this framework ENEA can perform
in-depth analyses to uncover the technical, organizational, social, and financial barriers faced bydifferent stakeholders, helping to identify and strengthen energy programs. Moreover, ENEA is
involved in a series of crosscutting research activities concerning socio-technical aspects toward
carbon neutrality with particular attention on social impacts, social acceptability of RES andcollective prosumer initiatives.
4. Specific projects
Some of the main national and international programs/projects conducted by ENEA on the topics
addressed in the previous section are reported below:• National Recovery and Resilience Plan (2023-2025), From research to business –Italian Ministry of University and Research: aims to strengthen the conditions for thedevelopment of an economy with a high intensity of knowledge, competitiveness and
8

182

•

•

•

•

•

•
•
•

resilience, starting from the recognition of the criticalities of our education, training andresearch system. ENEA is involved in several project for a total funding of about 94.0
M€. The main topics of the projects are: energy transition, climate, sustainable mobility,
advanced materials, artificial intelligence and smart energy systems, smart agriculture,
critical infrastructure security and resilience.
National Fund for Electric System Research (RdS) ENEA - Ministry ofEnvironment and Energy Security (2022-2024, National Project): development ofinnovative hydrogen technologies with impact on the electric national grid (i.e. power togas for network and micro-gas turbine operated in blending H2/natural gas, for grid
flexibility); renewable technologies to increase the flexibility of the grid (CSP);
technologies and system for energy storage (electrochemical and thermal) focusing on
advanced battery materials development; high-efficiency solar cells and innovative
materials for PV applications; energy efficiency; sustainable mobility; renewable energy
communities; development of smart grids, CCUS, energy communities, Cyber Security,
etc.. ENEA funding 74.0 M€.
National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Hydrogen R&D - Ministry of Environment
and Energy Security (2022-2025, National Project): research activities on hydrogen to
promote interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary interactions through the sharing of
knowledge, skills, experiences, infrastructures and networks of laboratories in order tocontribute to the increase of qualified critical mass and to the pursuit of objectives
challenges.
This project is organized into the following thematic areas:- Production of green and clean hydrogen- Innovative technologies for the hydrogen storage and distribution and its
transformation into derivatives and e-fuels- Fuel Cells- Digitalization of hydrogen-based infrastructures.
ENEA funding 75.0 M€.
HYSELECT (2022-2026, Horizon Europe Project) “Efficient water splitting via a
flexible solar-powered Hybrid thermochemical-Sulphur dioxide depolarized Electrolysis
Cycle”. The project will demonstrate the production of hydrogen by splitting water via
concentrated solar technologies (CST) with an attractive efficiency and cost, through thehybrid sulphur cycle (HyS).
Project funding: 3.9 M€ - ENEA funding: 314.06 k€.
IPCEI Hy2Tech (2023-2028, EU Project) development of four pilot lines (electrolizers,
fuel cells, hydrogen storage and system for mobility sector) and innovative laboratories
and experimental facilities to support research and innovation and first industrial
deployment in the hydrogen technology value chain. ENEA funding 52.0 M€.
VIBERLAB (2021-2024, EU project) “Fully connected virtual and physical perovskite
photovoltaics Lab”. Best practices and actions for promoting the development of
perovskite PV technology in Europe and promote technology transfer to industry. Projectfunding: 5.5 M€ - ENEA funding: 376.6 k€.
CUSTOM-ART (2020-2024, EU Project): Development of a new generation of flexible
thin film PV modules based on kesterites to be used for BIPV. Project funding: 7.0 M€ ENEA funding: 216.0 k€.
TANDEM (2023-2025 National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Environment andEnergy Security. The target of the project is the creation of production systems for the
fabrication of tandem solar cells. Project Funding:1.745 M€ - ENEA funding 337.5 k€.
PHOTORAMA (2021-2024, EU Project). Project for photovoltaic waste management
and advanced technologies for recovery & recycling of secondary raw materials end-of9

183

•

•

•
•

•

•

•
•

•

•

•

life module and for module ecodesign. Project funding: 10.5 M€ - ENEA funding: 400.14k€.
GoPV (2023-2026, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Environment andEnergy Security: The project aims to study innovative materials that can contribute to thedevelopment of a high-efficiency, tandem PV technology, reliable over time and that uses
sustainable raw materials free from availability problems. Project funding: 5.0 M€ ENEA funding: 1.6 M€.
SYMBIOSYST (2023-2025, EU Project). The project will fully exploit all the degrees
of freedom and potential provided by the synergy between land & crop and open or closed
agri-PV systems. The ambition is to create a fully integrated solution, from the design tothe implementation, a symbiosis where PV and agriculture can have a mutually beneficial
relationship. Project funding: 5.0 M€ - ENEA funding: 242.0 k€.
MARTA (2023-2025, National Project), funded by Italian Ministry of Environment andEnergy Security. The target of the project is the monitoring and advanced managementof photovoltaic systems. Project funding: 7.0M€ - ENEA funding: 2.1 M€.
MSA-Trough (2023-2027, EU project): developing and demonstrating a novel parabolic
trough collector which is by far more efficient, more cost-reduced (CAPEX, OPEX),
more reliable and more sustainable than currently commercially used trough collectors
and which is optimized to generate cheap dispatchable electrical energy from megawatt
up to the gigawatt range in order to stabilize electrical grids and enable higher shares ofvariable output renewables in the energy systems. Project funding: 6.54 M€ - ENEA
funding:0.47 k€.
SUlLPHURREAL (2023-2025, EU project): demonstrating and validating a
breakthrough approach for next generation, carbon-free, direct conversion of solar energy
into chemicals storable for a virtually unlimited time, based on elemental sulphur
produced and consumed on-demand via a solar-aided thermochemical cycle- Project.
Project Funding: 3.98 M€ - ENEA Funding:0.53 k€.
EuroPaTMoS (2020-2023, EU project): developing, testing and qualifying criticalcomponents of Parabolic Trough/Molten Salts plants, with the aim of accelerating thetransfer from R&D to commercial deployment by reducing technology risks and costs.
Project funding: 3.4 M€ - ENEA funding:0.315 M€.
SolarGrid (2020-2023, National project): developing CSP and PV systems with storage
for cogeneration and network flexibility. Project funding: 9.2 M€ - ENEA funding: 1.6
M€.
SALTOPower (2022-2025 EU Project): creation of a Reference European Facility forthe development and testing of molten salt based technologies solutions for the energy
storage and dispatchable power generation. Project funding 1.5 M€ - ENEA funding
447.0 k€.
Joint Cooperation ENI-ENEA (2022-2025, National Project): evaluation, on a pilot
scale, of the coupling of CSP/CSH systems with thermal storage systems and theiroperation; analysis of possible applications in the industrial sector. ENEA funding 600
k€.
CST4ALL (2022-2025, EU Project): supporting the creation of strong and sustainablenetworks between CSP and other relevant technology areas covered through the SET
Plan to enable efficient and direct cooperation among stakeholders. Project funding:559.5 k€ - ENEA funding 50.6 k€.
SFERA III (2019-2023, EU project): supporting the European advanced Solar Facilities
to ensure their long-term sustainability through networking, transnational access andjoint research activities. Project funding: 9.10 M€ - ENEA funding: 0.85 M€.
10

184

•
•

•
•
•

•

•
•

•

•

•

•

•

EMERA (2022-2025, Regional project): development of an efficient micro energy
networks powered by only RES for the autonomy and independence of rural areas fromthe centralized system. Project funding: 3.57 M€ - ENEA funding: 392.0 k€.
RECOVERY (2022-2025, National project): energy valorization of residual materials
coming from the agro-food industry (e.g., sewage sludge, digestate, and putrescible
surplus materials) through syngas from gasification for self-production and selfconsumption of electricity. Project funding 1.38 M€ - ENEA funding: 570.0 k€.
WW-Green Fuel (2022-2025, National project): development of gasification process(dry and SCWG) for the exploitation of large-scale biomass and production of liquefied
SNG. Project funding: 8.8 M€ - ENEA funding: 1.62 M€.
PROMETEO (2021-2023, EU project): producing green hydrogen from renewable heat
& power sources by high temperature electrolysis in areas of low electricity prices
associated to photovoltaic or wind. Project funding: 2.5 M€ - ENEA funding: 416.0 k€.
BLAZE (2019-2023, EU project): development of a Low cost, Advanced and Zero
Emission CHP production based on an innovative gasification process of low grade
biomass and biowaste feedstocks, integrated with a high-performance HT fuel cells;
Project funding: 4.2 M€ - ENEA funding: 210.0 k€.
SO-FREE (2021-2023, EU Project): development of a fully future-ready solid oxide fuelcell (SOFC)-based system for combined heat and power (CHP) generation for efficient,near-zero-emission, fuel-flexible and truly modular power and heat supply. Projectfunding: 2.7 M€ - ENEA funding: 324.0 k€.
REACTT (2021-2023, EU Project): realize a Monitoring, Diagnostic, Prognostic andControl Tool (MDPC) for Solid Oxide Electrolysers and Reversible SOC stacks andsystems. Project funding: 2.7 M€ - ENEA funding: 128.0 k€.
StoRIES (2021-2025, EU Project): Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System: themain objectives of StoRIES are linked to the energy storage development by providing
access to world-class research infrastructures and services, with a focus on improving
materials for devices and optimizing hybrid energy systems with a view to make energy
technologies more competitive and reducing costs. Project funding: 7.0 M€ - ENEA
funding: 0.3 M€.
EuBatIn - IPCEI on Batteries (2022-2027, EU Project): The “Important project ofCommon European Interest” has many Member States involved and ENEA is one of the
Italian participants. ENEA role is to develop new-concept batteries suitable of beingtransformed into an industrial product and optimize recycling in line with circular
economy approach. The aim is to fill the gap between the lab-scale and the installationand production problems at a pilot plant level to assist the industry upon the firstindustrial deployment stage. ENEA funding 27.0 M€.
GICO (2020-2024 EU Project). Gasification Integrated with carbon capture andcOnversion. ENEA is responsible for the H2 production and CO2 capturing processes
from gasification of biomass residues and valorization of carbon by means of plasma
catalysis. Project funding: 3.9 M€ - ENEA funding 532.7 k€.
Sisal (2021-2023 EU Project). Within the European Project SISAL, that is funding by
the European Innovation Technology (EIT) Raw Material, ENEA is scientific responsible
for the design of a fluidized bed reactor for providing CO2 in a process for recovering
Silicon from industrial residues. Project funding: 4.8 M€ - ENEA funding 664.0 k€.
ChemPGM (2021-2025 EU Project). Reuse of platinum-group metals, recovered fromspent catalysts or from e-waste as catalysts for CO2 valorization processes (e.g., reverse
water gas shift, methanation, dry reforming of methane). Project funding: 736.0 k€ ENEA funding 110.0 k€.
ECCSELENT (2022-2025, NextGenerationEU project) The goal of the project is the
11

185

•

•

•

•

•

strengthening of the ECCSEL-ERIC infrastructures in Italy to increase the ability of the
Italian Network and cover all the needs of the users for the successful deployment of
CCUS technologies in Italy and Europe. Project funding: 20.17 M€ - ENEA funding 2.0
M€.
ZEPHYRUS (2021-2023, Italian National Project): (Zero Emission Process for
Hydrogen production via Reversible Use of CO2 sorbents). The goal of the project is the
production of the green hydrogen from biomass gasification intensified with CO2 capture
by means of solid sorbents. Project funding: 144.0 k€ - ENEA funding: 6.6 k€.
eNeuron (2020-2024, EU Project): development of innovative tools for the optimal
design and operation of Local Energy Communities integrating distributed generationand multiple energy carriers at different scales. Project funding: 5.7 M€ - ENEA funding:
487.0 k€.
COME RES (2020-2023, EU project): facilitate the market uptake of RE systems in theelectricity sector through the mainstreaming of community energy, particularly
renewable energy communities (REC) and thus to increase the share of renewable energy
in the European energy balance. Project funding: 3.0 M€ - ENEA funding: 123.0 k€.
ENTRANCES (2020-2023, EU project): investigating the challenges facing carbonintensive regions in transition hinging on the idea that the transition to clean energy
should not be considered only as a technological change or an industrial shift but also asocio-economic-psychological process that affects the daily life of local communities.
Project funding: 3.0 M€ - ENEA funding: 194.0 k€.
Three projects in the framework of Mission Innovation international initiative, fundedby Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy (2020 - 2024, National Fund).
1) Italian Energy Materials Acceleration Platform - IEMAP: The project aims tobuild an innovative platform dedicated to materials for energy with application inelectrochemical storage, electrolysers and photovoltaics. In particular, the project liesin the “Clean Energy Material Challenge” (Mission Innovation IC6). Project funding:
8.6 M€ - ENEA funding: 4.6 M€.
2) Multivector Integrated Smart Systems and Intelligent Microgrids foraccelerating the energy transition. The project aims to develop two smart griddemonstrators - microgrid size, full scale and multi-vector - located, respectively, at thePortici Research Centre of ENEA (Smart Energy Microgrid ENEA) and the RSE officesin Milan and Piacenza (Extension multi-energy of the Distributed Energy Resources
Test Facility RSE). The project will also study, design and implement technologicalsolutions enabling the transition of networks towards integrated and smart multi-energy
distribution systems. Project funding: 9.7 M€ - ENEA funding: 3.6 M€.
3) Hydrogen demo Valley. The project addresses the creation of an infrastructural hub
for testing and demonstration of hydrogen technologies covering production, storage,
distribution and utilisation of hydrogen and blends of natural gas and hydrogen, for theenergy, industrial and transport sectors. The multifunctional infrastructure would be
implemented in the Casaccia Research Centre of ENEA, to act as a breeding ground forhydrogen value chain technologies and services with the aim of accelerating theirdeployment in view of the energy transition and overall decarbonisation. Projectfunding: 17.5 M€ - ENEA funding: 13.8 M€.

5. International collaboration
ENEA is present in the clean energy sector as a highly qualified player dealing with key national,
EU and international initiatives. Furthermore, ENEA has concluded several comprehensive andspecific cooperation agreements and MOUs with research institutes, universities and industrial
12

186

stakeholders to promote research and technology transfer to industry aimed at the energy systemde-carbonization.
As an example, within the EU-funded project SFERA III, ENEA is involved in: (i) networking
activities to develop the cooperation between research infrastructures, scientific community,
industries and other stakeholders in the field of CSP technology; (ii) transnational accessactivities aiming at providing access to all European researchers from both academia andindustry to singular scientific and technological solar research infrastructures; and (iii) joint
research activities whose purpose is to improve the integrated services provided by the
infrastructure.
The same approach is followed by the ECCSEL and StoRIES projects: ENEA is a full memberof the European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure (ECCSEL, theEuropean Research Infrastructure on CO2 Capture, Use and Storage). With the participation to
the ECCSEL (European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory) consortium, ENEA
will have the opportunity to access to (i) national and regional funds for building new researchfacilities on advanced CCUS technologies; (ii) transnational access activities aiming at providing
access to all European industry and academia to an ecosystem of CCUS technologies. Referringto the StoRIES (Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System) project, the main objectives arelinked to the energy storage development by providing access to world-class European research
infrastructures and services, with a focus on improving materials for devices and optimizing
hybrid energy systems.
ENEA covers a key role within the International Initiative of Mission Innovation (MI), which
is a global initiative of 24 countries and the European Union aiming at dramatically accelerate
global clean energy innovation. As part of the initiative, participating countries have committed
to double their governments’ clean energy research and development investments over five years,
while encouraging greater levels of private sector investment in clean energy technologies. The
MI actions are based on eight Innovation Challenges (IC), which consist of a global network ofpolicymakers, scientists and innovators working towards a common objective, and cover theentire spectrum of R&D, from early-stage research to technology demonstration projects. Italy
has endorsed all the IC and ENEA received fund from the national government in the following
sectors:- Smart Grid Innovation Challenge (#1) aiming at enabling future grids that are powered byaffordable, reliable, decentralised renewable electricity systems.
- Clean Energy Materials Innovation Challenge (#6) aiming at accelerating the advancedenergy materials discovery by integrating high-throughput methods with artificial
intelligence.
- Renewable and Clean Hydrogen Innovation Challenge (#8) aiming at accelerating thedevelopment of a global hydrogen market by identifying and overcoming key technology
barriers to the production, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen at gigawatt scale.
Mission Innovation 2.0, launched on 2 June 2021, is catalysing a decade of action and investment
in research, development and demonstration to make clean energy affordable, attractive andaccessible for all. This will accelerate progress towards the Paris Agreement goals and pathways
to net zero.
The challenge of “Clean Hydrogen Mission”, under the umbrella of Mission Innovation 2.0, is
to demonstrate the clean hydrogen has the potential to decarbonise several sectors, industrial andresidential districts, logistics and mobility hubs such as ports and airports, responsible of highpercentage of global emissions and help unlock the full potential of renewable energy.
The Goal is to increase the cost-competitiveness of clean hydrogen by reducing end-to-end costs
to USD 2 per kilogram by 2030.
13

187

The mission is focused on the goal to catalyse cost reductions by increasing research anddevelopment in hydrogen technologies and industrial processes and delivering at least 100
hydrogen valleys covering production, storage and end-use worldwide by 2030, to unleash a
global clean hydrogen economy.
The goal of the challenge of “Green Powered Future Mission”, under the umbrella of Mission
Innovation 2.0, is to demonstrate that by 2030 power systems in different geographies andclimates are able to effectively integrate up to 100% Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) in theirgeneration mix while maintaining a cost-efficient, secure and resilient system.
ENEA is also present, as Italian representative, in numerous intergovernmental bodies,
regulatory bodies and international initiatives aimed at promoting the development of clean
energies.
Regarding the photovoltaic topic, ENEA is involved in:• Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) “Photovoltaic Power System” (PVPS) of IEA
with activities in several tasks (task 1 “Strategic PV analysis & outreach, Task 15“Enabling framework for BIPV acceleration”, Task 12 “PV sustainability”; Task 14“High penetration of PV systems in electricity grids”).
• European Energy Research Alliance Joint Programme Photovoltaic Solar Energy (EERA
JP PV) that has the objective to accelerate the development of Photovoltaic Solar Energy
towards an energy technology that can be implemented at a very large scale through Joint
Programming activities by key research institutes in Europe.
• All the working groups of the European Technology and Innovation Platform for
Photovoltaics (ETIP PV).
Regarding the Concentrated Solar Thermal topic ENEA participates in:• IEA-SolarPACES TCP (Task 1-6).
• IEA-SHC TCP (Solar Heating and Cooling), Task 64 “Solar Process Heat”.
• IEA-Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems.
• EERA JP on CSP (with coordination of the SP3 - Thermal Energy Storage for CSP plants).
• ESTELA (European Solar Thermal Electricity Association).
In the context of hydrogen value chain ENEA:• Is member of IEA-Hydrogen, IEA-FC and IEA-SolarPACES Technology Collaborative
Programmes.
• Is member of the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU).
• Coordinates the EERA Joint Programme on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen.
• Contributes actively to the standardization of procedures in testing, installation, operationand life cycle assessment of fuel cell technologies within the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Technical Committee 105.
• Is member of the Board of Hydrogen Europe Research.
Regarding the Energy Storage topic ENEA participates to:• Joint Programme on Energy Storage (coordinating the Electrochemical Energy Storage
Sub-Programme) in EERA.
• Working groups of the European Technology and Innovation Platform (ETIP) Batteries
Europe, that covers holistically the entire battery value chain, with an important role astechnical expert within the management board and secretariat.
• Battery 2030+ initiative, in order to pave the way for the batteries of the future.
• Recently ENEA also joined BEPA, the Batteries European Partnership Association
14

188

•

(BEPA), confirming its commitment to improve the competitiveness of the European
battery industry. Counting more than 160 members, BEPA is a leading association
dedicated to creating a competitive, sustainable and circular European industrial battery
value chain for stationary applications and e-mobility. The BEPA goals are to prepare
Europe to manufacture and commercialize by 2030 the next-generation battery
technologies that will enable the rollout of the zero-emission mobility and renewableenergy storage. BEPA represents the private side association of the BATT4EU
Partnerships, the co-programmed partnership on batteries launched by the European
Commission under Horizon Europe. The partnership will mobilise more 925 million
euros, to boost European research and innovation in the battery sector.
IEA-ES TCP (Energy Storage), Task 33 “Material and component development forthermal energy storage”, Task 34 “Energy storage with heat pumps - Comfort&Climatebox”, Task 36 “Carnot batteries”.

ENEA is also Italian representative in several international networks related to bioenergy andbioresources such as:• IEA Bioenergy Task 33 “Gasification of biomass and waste.
• IEA Bioenergy Task 42 “Biorefining in a Circular Economy”.
• The European Alliance for excellent research in sustainable bioenergy (EERA
Bioenergy).
• Bio-based Industries Joint Technology Initiative (BBI-JTI).
In the context of CCUS, ENEA acts as Italian observer in IC3 (Carbon Capture that is focusedon the development of carbon capture technologies and negative CO2 emissions technologies)
and participates:••

In steering committee of the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel.
Technology Collaboration Program (TCP) of IEA on Industrial and Energy related
technologies and Systems (IETS) with activities on task 21 “Decarbonizing industrial
systems in a circular economy framework” and subtask C: “Industrial carbon
technologies and systems”.
Member of the Joint Programme of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) on
CCS technologies.

ENEA is also involved in several European and International initiatives in the field of Smart
Grids:• IEA (International Energy Agency) Task 11 “PV Hybrid systems within mini-grids”.
• IEA Task 14 “High penetration of PV systems in electricity grids”.
• IEA Task 18 “Off-Grid and Edge-of-Grid Photovoltaic Systems”.
• IEC (International Electro-technical Commission), TC 82 “Solar photovoltaic energy
systems”.
• IEEE IES Industrial Energy Society TC on Smart Grids.
• Working Group (WG) EU PV Technology Platform (EUPVTP), Grid Integration(www.eupvplatform.org/about-pv-platform/ad-hoc-working-group-4.html).
• Joint Programme “Smart Grid” in EERA - European Energy Research Alliance. ENEA
is the vice coordinator of Joint Programme on Smart Grids within the European Energy
Research Alliance.
• Working Groups Mission Innovation 2.0 Power Mission (Pillar 1: Affordable andReliable VRE - Pillar 2: System Flexibility and Market Design - Pillar 3: System
15

189

•

Integration, Data and Digitalization).
SET Plan Implementation Working Group (IWG) on HVDC.

6. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
With specific reference to each technology within the range of main ENEA R&D activities, thefollowing key innovation challenges are identified to be addressed in the near future from an
R&D perspective:•••

CSP-TES systems can play a relevant role in supporting the penetration of nonprogrammable renewable sources in the energy system, thanks to the possibility ofefficiently and cost-effectively store thermal energy for long periods and in large scales.
In this regard, the use of hybridized CSP-PV technology can be considered as a strategic
solution both to i) provide low-cost electricity during the day while ensuring theelectricity generation also in absence of the solar source, ii) use the excess electricity
generated by photovoltaic systems to heat the storage systems of CSP plants, thus
contributing to the grid stability and obtaining cost savings thanks to the reduction ofancillary services. ENEA is actively involved in this field of research, with the aim ofidentifying technical solution to reduce installation and operation costs of the plants,
simplify operation and increase the components’ reliability and life-time. Anotherrelevant perspective for the consolidation of CST technology is the expected expansionof the SHIP market to address the decarbonisation of the industrial sector. In this regard,
the main challenge is the development of cost-effective, modular, compact CST solutions,
easily to install and integrate with the current industrial processes. In this field, ENEA is
working on the optimization, also through the hybridization at the thermal storage levelwith the photovoltaic system, of CST plants integrated with endothermic processes.
Photovoltaic: demonstration of very-high efficiency and large-scale manufacturing
technology for a PV system cost reduction of about 60% compared to the current cost.
Pervasive presence of PV System by means of smart integration and synergies requiring
innovative and collaborative efforts with building and agricultural industries. Deep
digitalization of PV module and systems providing both energy and environment control
facilitating the widening of PV applications. Completely and easily recyclable PV
modules through the innovative eco-design developments.
Energy and biofuel from biomass are expected to give an important contribution
towards the achievement of the carbon neutrality by 2050. On this regard ENEA activity
related to gasification will in particular concern the topic of hydrogen production andintegration with discontinuous RES. Efforts will be directed to increase the TRLs value
towards the achievement of technological readiness for commercialization. Specificitems will be:o Development of processes for green hydrogen production from biomass andbiowaste at cost comparable with that from fossil fuel, i.e., steam reforming of
natural gas (around 5.0 €/kgH2).
o Electricity production cost below 0.10 €/kWh by exploiting feedstocks of lowgrade and using highly efficient chemical energy conversion systems, withpossible integration with carbon capture and storage (BECCS).
o Integration of gasification with intermittent RES, such as solar PV and wind, as a
key technology for energy storage and grid stabilization.
Within this subject, additional activity will concern the evaluation of integrating syngas
production with green hydrogen to produce light biofuels (e.g., SNG, MeOH, DME) as
a way for chemical storage of hydrogen.
16

190

•

•

•

•

Hydrogen: green hydrogen and electrolysis technologies will be the main drivers forenergy transition in Europe and most likely worldwide. This statement implies that the
integration between renewable energy sources (mainly solar and wind) and hydrogenproduction, distribution and storage systems will have to be more and more effective andreliable, this will be realized only with synchronized effort of research and industrial
compartments. ENEA research programs and activities aim to tackle these issues
providing suitable solutions to the industrial sectors involved, and the implementation of
the first Italian hydrogen valley in ENEA (in the context of Mission Innovation initiative,
Challenge # 8 - clean and Renewable Hydrogen and “Clean Hydrogen Mission” under
the umbrella of Mission Innovation 2.0) will represent the first step to a more resilient
and reliable energy system.
Hydrogen final use/Fuel Cell: the SOC is a high-temperature technology, operating at
600-800°C, and which is the reason for the high conversion efficiencies in both operating
modes. It is especially promising in industrial contexts, where steam or hydrogen can beavailable as a process stream and can be directed towards the generation or the use ofhydrogen for power production at unmatched efficiencies in an SOC.
With their working flexibly, the SOC can give rise to innovative business propositions
where price arbitrage of renewable power connected to the grid can provide adequate
revenue streams, or where energy communities want to progressively emancipate
themselves from grid connection.
ENEA is active on all these fronts, exploring technical feasibility, sustainability, system
integration and business opportunities. ENEA has built up a comprehensive network of
research and industrial partners in this process, articulated in a number of European
projects.
Hydrogen final use/gas turbine: the recent European roadmap on gas turbines,
developed within the Clean Hydrogen Energy association to be transferred into the“Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda” (SRIA 2020), has identified some goals that
require also low TRL activities:
o development of fuel-flexible retrofit solution for existing power plants;o research on combustion physics and dynamics for pure hydrogen and hydrogen
blends (ammonia included) at gas turbine relevant conditions (TRL 2-3);
o development and demonstration of highly flexible combustion systems (0-100%
H2);
o development and demonstration of innovative and advanced solutions up to theircommercialization.
ENEA is going to develop the on-going fundamental studies on hydrogen blends
combustion especially adopting the EGR strategy, by performing accurate fluid-dynamic
numerical simulations and experiments at both laboratory and micro-gasturbine scale.
Ammonia/hydrogen blends will be also investigated by means of numerical simulations
and lab scale experimental diagnostics. Special attention will be given to NOx formationand how to limit it, and to real-time monitoring of combustion for instability precursor
identification. The topics will cover both the power generation and the aeronautic
transport sectors.
Batteries: ENEA has identified two main streams of key innovation challenges, from one
end the digitalization will be even more entangled to the batteries R&D, in many aspects
all over the value chain; on the other end, in order to foster the national and European
battery industry, it will be of capital importance to bridge the gap between fundamental
research and first industrial deployment. These to aspect will be covered in ENEA by the
new projects like IPCEI and Mission Innovation Challenge 6, but also will benefit fromthe long-lasting experience brought by the national and European projects so far.
17

191

•

•

•

•

Moreover, in ENEA the hybridization keyword will be of paramount interest for the
Department for Energy Technologies and Renewables on gather synergistically theenergy storage expertise in their wider declination, as in the StoRIES network.
CCUS: The perspective of ENEA is to enhance research capabilities in all fields of CCUS
covering both power generation and industrial processes (i.e., iron and steel, refining,chemicals, gas processing, biofuels) and establish a crucial link with industry, otherresearch organizations and SME. It will be crucial to increase the involvement in ongoing
industrial CCUS projects. The future perspectives of ENEA in the field of carbon
neutrality are: (i) to optimize services provided by research infrastructures to its
stakeholders and industrial and scientific user groups through planned dialogues withtargeted industrial sectors and the research community; (ii) to identify industrial researchneeds and select advanced solutions for CCUS to actively engage industry and researchorganizations.
CCUS/Methanation: the activities on PtG and on methanation for the conversion of
captured CO2, either from power plants or from carbon-intensive industries to awidespread marketable product, such as methane, are in line with the EU strategies
addressed to create new markets for innovative industrial sectors; diversify the economic
base in carbon-intensive regions; contribute to achieving a Circular Economy.
Future challenges in the technology are related to testing and developing of different
processes of hydrogen production in P2G application (Alkaline, PEM, SOEC, etc.), to
operation flexibility in terms of variable power supply and fast load variations keeping
high efficiencies. Also range-ability and stand-by behavior is a point of attention. About
methanation one direction of development focuses on the adaptability to various carbon
sources (dac, biogas, syngas, effluents from EII, etc.) while other sectors deal withcatalysts (different basis Ni, Ru…, different concepts bulk, monolith, foams, structure,etc.), new concepts for reactors (compactness, flexibility, range ability) and location: “insitu” and “ex situ” for biological reactors.
Smart Sector Integration: the perspective of ENEA is to enhance research capabilities
in the field of smart sector integration. More in detail, activities will focus on design,development, and testing of solutions for enabling smart sector integration in order toreach a more resilient energy system based on the diversification of primary energy
sources, a prevalent presence of renewables-based energy sources and digitalization ofenergy networks, thus addressing both decarbonization and digitalization needs.
Research activities will provide also prototypes of technologies for smart sector
integration (i.e., technologies for promoting smart energy flows exchange among
different sectors or networks, considering the different and mutually exchangeable formsof energy supply and their final use, also through physical and cyber-physical systems
interconnected on the networks). Prototyping actions will be developed for thosetechnologies which slow down the decarbonization of energy networks due to an energy
market gap.
Energy Management/control systems for Smart Grid Operation must be capable ofcoordinating both the energy demand and consumption, by enhancing the use of
distributed and flexible resources in the energy intelligent systems at different scales andscenarios. The control strategy is a big issue to face when different prosumers arelinked/connected, especially when the energy flow has to be optimized according to theend users demand. For example, in the context of local integrated energy systems asenergy communities with multiple prosumers sharing energy to satisfy their needs,
management and control algorithms should be based on multi-agent approaches(centralized, decentralized, cooperative, non-cooperative) that would allow to consider
the perspective of prosumers in peer-to-peer energy sharing within the community.
18

192

•

•

However, the greater future challenges to be considered are interoperability issues, lackof standardization (several devices coordinated by each EMS use different
communication protocols) and difficulty to manage networks in charge of different
providers (e.g., gas network, electrical network, etc.).
The most important challenge to be faced in the environmental sustainability
assessment of energy and transport systems and technologies lays in the application in
full of the LCA principles of comprehensiveness (both in the life cycle stages and impact
categories analyzed) to avoid trade-offs among different areas of environmental concern
or life cycle stages. An additional challenge is the enlargement of the sustainability
assessment to the economic and social aspects, to fully grasp the impacts on the threepillars of sustainability. Expected international collaborations are on the sustainability
assessment methodological development, to the application of the methodologies tospecific case studies/technologies/ projects and the collaboration in defining standards,
developing tools and provide policy recommendations.
A common phenomenon among countries is the fact that the level of socio-politicalacceptability of RES is high, even where the government is not strongly supporting
renewable energy. However, at the same time, it is also common that opposition andprotest rise while these are often the only ways the public finds to give voice to its
concerns and needs. This phenomenon becomes particularly frequent at the local level
where place-identity implications come into play: the more space for public expressionof opinions get constrained by authorization procedures that do not include public spaceof information and participation, the more are RES projects and carbon neutrality
initiatives perceived as threats rather than opportunities. This leads to the following
research questions, which represent the future challenges for social acceptability issues:
to what extent are procedural justice, distributional justice and trust reflected andincorporated both in public and corporate governance, which concrete measures and tools
allow to effectively engage citizens, and overall, which are the main factors that improvesocial acceptability, according to this framework.

19

193

Giorgio Graditi, Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering

General Director of ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable
Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
He received the doctoral degree and the Laurea degree (cum laude) in Electrical Engineering from the
University of Palermo (Italy). Since 2000, he is a Researcher at ENEA. Since July 2020, he is the Director of
the Department of Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources of ENEA. From 2011 to 2017, he was thehead of the Photovoltaic Systems and Smart Grid Unit of ENEA, whereas from 2018 to 2019 he was thehead of Solar Thermal and Smart Network Division of ENEA. He is the responsible of ENEA initiatives andactivities for the National recovery and Resilience Plan.
From April 2019, he is the President of MEDENER, Mediterranean Association of National Agencies forEnergy Management for energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources, and from May
2019 is the Coordinator of the Scientific Technical Committee of National Energy Technological Cluster
under the Ministry of Education, University and Research. He is a member of IEA task 11 “PV Hybrid
systems within mini-grids” and task 14 “High penetration of PV systems in electricity grids” and of ItalianElectrotechnical Committee (CEI) CT 82 “Solar photovoltaic”, CT 316 “Connection to LV, MV and HV
distribution networks” and CT 313 “Smart grids”.
In 2017, he received the Italian National Scientific Qualification as Full Professor in the sector of electricalenergy engineering. He is operating as Italian member for Mission Innovation Challenge 1 “Smart Grids”
and Challenge 2 “Off-grid access to electricity”, and he was a member of the H2020 National Steering Boardfor the “Safe, Clean and Efficient Energy” Cluster, and member of the working group of the thematic area
“Industrial Energy” for the “Climate, Energy and Sustainable Mobility” area set up by the Italian Ministry of
University and Research within the drafting of the national research plan 2020-2027. He is the vicecoordinator of the Joint Programme on Smart Grid (JP SG) within European Energy Research Alliance(EERA) and the responsible of many National and European (FP7, H2020) projects on the topics of RES,
integrated energy networks and smart grid.
His main research interests are in: design, modelling and tools development for the control and managementof Smart Grids and microgrids in the presence of DER; energy conversion components and systems designand characterization; performance analysis of integrated energy networks by multi-objective techniques;design, modelling, and analysis of multi-energy hubs; management and operation optimization of local andrenewable energy communities; design, characterization and testing of concentrated solar power andphotovoltaic components and plants; technologies and uses of hydrogen; RES production and demand
forecasting based on artificial intelligence techniques.
He has supervised several MSc and PhD theses. He is also peer review, associated editor, member ofeditorial and advisory board of scientific journals, and chairman in international conference. He is also
responsible of many R&D contract and agreement in the energy sector with international and national
stakeholders. He is author of scientific books, of more than 250 scientific papers (with Scopus H-index 39)
published in international journals and proceedings of international conference some of them awarded ashighly-cited papers.

194

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

European Project - VIBERLAB (Fully connected virtual and physical perovskite photovoltaics Lab)
The project wants to accelerate the development of perovskite PV technologyCurrent
in Europe and promote technology transfer toindustry- promote the collaboration between accademic and industrial researchers in order to favor thedevelopment of the next generation of solar cells
through facilitated access to various EU laboratories;- definition of the best practices in terms of fabrication and characterization of perovskite solar cells;- validate at lab and pre-industrial level the new PV technology.

Current

ENEA/ItalyRenewable
EnergyPV2021- 2024 (R&D span)

H2020 Project - PHOTORAMA (PHOTOvoltaic waste management – Advanced technologies for recovery & recycling of
secondary RAw Materials End-of-Life module) - Innovation Action

2020- 2024(R&D span)

Renewable
Energy（International）:- CSEM - Research Institute -Switzerland- CEA: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies
Alternatives - Research Institute - France- CENER -Research Institute-Spain- EPFL: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne - University andResearch Institute - Switzerland- HZB - Research Institute-Germany- Icares Consulting Becquerel Institute - Industry -Belgium- JONAS & REDMANN AUTOMATIONSTECHNIK GMBH - Indusry Germany- TNO -Research Institute - The Netherland- FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER
ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.- Research Institute - Germany- IMEC - Research Institute - Belgium- FZJ - Research Institute - Germany-Swansea University Prifysgol Abertawe - United Kingdom

https://www.viper
lab.eu/Alejandro Perez- ENEA - Research Institute,
Rodriguezl, IREC, • ECOR, ECO RECYCLING SrL , SME, Italia （International）
Spain• IREC - FUNDACIÓ INSTITUT DE RECERCA EN ENERGIA DE
CATALUNYA - Research Institute - Spain• TALT, TALLINNA TEHNIKAULIKOOL t - University - Estonia• IMEC, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUMResearch Institute - Belgium• EMPA, EIDGENOESSISCHE MATERIALPRUEFUNGS- UND
FORSCHUNGSANSTALT- Research Institute - Switzerland• UOL, CARL VON OSSIETZKY UNIVERSITAET OLDENBURG University- Germany• HZB, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FÜR MATERIALIEN UND
ENERGIE GMBH - Research Institute - Germany;• OBU, OXFORD BROOKES , University, UK;linkedin.com/in/• IPC, CENTRE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRIEL DE LA PLASTURGIE ET custom-artDES COMPOSITES - Research Institute- France;
project• UU, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET - University - Sweden:• CRYS, CRYSTALSOL OU -SME-Estonia;• IMRA, IMRA EUROPE SAS - SME-France;• AYESA, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SA- Industry-Spain;• SUN, SUNPLUGGED - SOLARE ENERGIESYSTEME GMBH - SME Austria;• RESC, RESCOLL - SME- France;• KWS, Kunststoffverarbeitung Schiestl GesmbH -SME- Austria

Current

ENEA/Italy- ENEA - Research Institute,- University of Rome "Tor vegata"- Efficiency > 20% on solar cell and 16% on modules;- Development of PV modules with lifetme oer 35 yars to be used in BIPV PIPV;- reduced production costs (< 75 euro /m2),

PV

H2020 Project - CUSTOM-ART (DISRUPTIVE KESTERITES-BASED THIN FILM TECHNOLOGIES CUSTOMISED FOR
CHALLENGING ARCHITECTURAL AND ACTIVE URBAN FURNITURE APPLICATIONS) - Innovation Action

Relatedinformation

Claire• ENEA - Research Institute
AGRAFFEIL, CEA • ENEL GP-Indusrty （International）- France• CEA: Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies
Alternatives - Research Institute - France• MASS - Mondragon Assembly S. COOP, Industry, Spain• PVCYC, PV Cycle France, SME - France• LUX, Luxchemtec GmbH - SME - Germany• RHP - RHP Technology GmbH, SME - Austria• MALTHA, MALTHA Glassrecyclage Belgie - Industry - Belgium;https://www.phot• SINTEF, Research Institute, Norway;• DFD, DENSE FLUID DEGREASING SA, Research Institute, France; orama• IDEN, IDENER (Optimización Orientada a la Sostenibilidad) -SME- project.eu/
Spain• BIFA, BIFA UMWELTINSTITUT GmbH -Research Institute- Germany• ZSI,ZENTRUM FUR SOZIALE INNOVATION GmbH -ResearchInstitute- Germany

2021- 2024(R&D span)
Renewable
EnergyNatalia Maticiuc(HZB- Germany)

Partnership (if any)

Purpose of the project is the realization and implementation of a pilot line for the recovery of precious
materials from panels photovoltaic with the intention of using non-polluting materials from a chemical
point of view in the future industrialization and a eco-design with low energy-intensive impact.

Current

ENEA/ItalyLead person/Organization

PV

Current

195

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

National Project -TANDEM (Processi innovativi per una linea di produzione di celle solari TANDEM ad alta efficienza), founded Creation of production systems for the fabrication of tandem solar cells that perform individual processby the Italian Ministry of Ecological Transition
steps and are mechanically connected to each other so that the substrates can be transferred from one
system to the next remaining confined in a controlled environment in order to to avoid contaminations.

Current

ENEA/ItalyRenewable
EnergyPV

Lead person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

OGT OLIVOTTO- ENEA - Research Institute
GLASS- OGT - OLIVOTTO GLASS TECHNOLOGIES - Industry
TECHNOLOGIES - RISE Technology - SME- Italy- CNR - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - ResearchInstitute2022- 2025
20232023 (R&D span)
Current

National Project -GoPV (Materiali di nuova GeneraziOne Per celle fotoVoltaiche tandem) funded by Italian Ministry of
Ecological Transition

Current

ENEA/Ital RenewableyEnergyDevelopment of: 1) Perovskite films with various chemical formulations (inorganic, without or with
reduced lead content, low-dimensional perovskite) with different bandgaps to be used in PV devices;
2) Charge carriers, transparent contacts, and interfaces between the various layers of the cells;3) New generation of perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon tandem cells .

20222023 2026
2023 (R&D span)

PV

Current

Current

EU Project -SYMBIOSYST (From the design to the implementation, a symbiosys where PV and agriculture can have amutually beneficial relationship)

Current

Paola Delli Veneri,
ENEA (Italy)- ENEA - Research Institute.
- University of Naples "Federico II"- University of Perugia- University of Pavia- University of Tor Vergata- University of Catania- IIT - Research Institute- BeDimensional - Industry

SYMBIOSYST will fully exploit all the degrees of freedom and potential provided by the synergy between EURAC (Italy)
land & crop and open or closed agri-PV systems.
The ambition of the project is to create a fully integrated solution, from the design to the implementation,a symbiosis where PV and agriculture can have a mutually beneficial relationship.

2022- 2025
20232023 (R&D span)

ENEA/ItalyRenewable
EnergyPV

National Project - MARTA( Monitoraggio e gestione Avanzata in Rete di impianti fotovolTAici) funded by Italian Ministry ofEnvironment and Energy Security

The target of the project is the monitoring and advanced management of photovoltaic systems.

Current

ENEA/ItalyRenewable
EnergyPV

The project aims at developing, testing and qualifying critical components of Parabolic Trough/Molten Salts plants.

Current
Renewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energy

2020 - 2023 (R&D span)

National Project - SolarGrid funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research
The project aims at developing CSP and CPV systems with storage for cogeneration and network flexibility

Current
ENEA/ItalyRenewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energy（International）• TUD - Technische Univesiteit Delft - University - Netherlands• IMEC, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUMResearch Institute - Belgium• ABOVE - Industry - United Kingdom• ALEO - Industry- Germany• Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University - Belgium• LAIMBURG, Research Institute, Italy• SBB - Association - Italy• ETA- Energia, Trasporti, Agricoltura SRL - Association - Italy• Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya -University - Spain• PHYSEE - Industryy - Netherlands• KUBO- Industry-Netherlands• CONVERT Italia S.p.a. - Industry - Italy• LUCISUN - Industry - Belgium• 3E - Industry - Belgium• ENGIE-Lab - Industry - Belgium• EF SOLARE Italia - Industry - Italy

T.E.A. TEK, SpA T.E.A. TEK, SpA - PMI (Italy)(Italy)ENEA - - Research Institute2023- 2025 (R&D span)

CSP ERANET Joint EU project - EuroPaTMoS (European Parabolic Trough with Molten Salt)

ENEA/Italy• ENEA - Research Institute• EURAC, Research Institute, Italyi ) Bridging the gap between research and commercial deployment in the Concentrated Solar Power
Klaus Hennecke / - ENEA, (Research Institutes);
https://csp(CSP); ii) Testing and evaluating critical plant components (reliability of standard components).; iii)
DLR / W. Gaggioli （International）
eranet.eu/
Demonstration of molten salt specific operations (availability of emergency operations); iv) Development (ENEA)- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); CSP Services GmbH (Germany,of
Private Company); Ductolux (Spain, Private Company); Rioglass Solaradvanced quality assurance and monitoring methods for optical accuracy of parabolic troughs(Spain, Private Company); TSK Flagsol Engineering GmbH (Germany,
Private Company); Universidad Compiutense de Madrid (Spain,
University); Universidad de Extremadura (Spain, University); University
of Evora (Portugal, University); CSP Services espana (Spain, Private
Company)i ) Individuation of improved technical solutions for materials and components for both CSP and CPV
technologies; ii) development of advanced strategies for the smart and efficient management of theconversion and utilization of the collected energy; iii) LCC and LCA analysis of the process/technolgies
considered with the aim of defining the most promising solutions in terms of environmental efficiency.

2020 - 2023 (R&D span)

196

Giorgio Graditi(ENEA)/Carmine
Cancro (ENEA)

ENEA - Research Institute;（International): ENI SpA (Private Company); ENI Mediterranea
Idrocarburi SpA (Private Company); Horizon srl (Private Company);
IDEA srl (Private Company); Magaldi Power SpA (Private Company);
Politecnique of Milan, University of Siena, University of Firenze,
University of Palermo (Universities)

web-site underrealization

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

European Project MSA-Trough (Development of a parabolic Trough concentrator system for Molten Salt Application) funded by i) increasing in CSP Plant efficiency trough the optimization of the mirror reflectivity, improved tracking,
HORIZON EU.The Poject aims to develop and demonstrate a new parabolic trough collector with molten salt as heat transfer heat loss decreasing, new mechanical design. ii) development of more cost-effective and more reliable
CSP components. iii) reduction of operation and maintenance costs of the plant. iv) achievement of thefluid more efficient and more cost-reduced than currently commercial used trough collector and optimized in order to stabilize
target of the SET Plan Initiative for Global leadership in CSP. v) Higher shares of variable output
electrical grids.
renewables in the energy system

Lead person/Organization
Pedro Horta/
UNIVERSIDADE
DE EVORA / V.
Russo (ENEA)

Current

ENEA/ItalyRenewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energy

2023 - 2027(R&D span)

SULPHURREAL (An innovative thermochemical cycle based on solid sulphur for integrated long-term storage of solar thermalenergy) funded by HORIZON-EIC. The project aims at developing a novel technology for direct conversion of solar energy into
chemicals, storable for a virtually unlimited time.

Current
ENEA/ItalyConcentrated
Renewable
Solarenergies energy/Energy Storagei) demonstrating and validating a breakthrough approach for next generation, carbon-free, directconversion of solar energy into chemicals storable for a virtually unlimited time, based on elemental
sulphur produced and consumed on-demand via a solar-aided thermochemical cycle ii) implementing
new technical solutions to optimize the three major process steps, namely the H2SO4 decomposition,
SO2 disproportionation and elemental sulphur combustion

2023 - 2025 (R&D span)

European Project HySelect (Efficient water splitting via a flexible solar-powered Hybrid thermochemical-Sulphur dioxidei) Closing the technical gaps and providing the missing links in the overall, complete
depolarized Electrolysis Cycle) funded by HORIZON EU. The project aims at demonstrating the production of hydrogen by
HyS cycle technology concept, for a realistic overall evaluation of the technology and its scale-up; ii)
water splitting via concentrated solar technologies (CST) with an attractive efficiency and cost, through the hybrid sulphur cycle realization of a complete demo plant in Julich (Germany)
(HyS)
ENEA
/ItalyHydrogenHydrogen
Production

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

web-site under- ENEA, (Research Institutes);
realization（International）- UNIVERSIDADE DE EVORA (Portugal, University); FERRUMTECNOINDUSTRIAL S.L. (Spain, Private Company); SOLARLITE CSPTECHNOLOGY GMBH (Germany, Private Company); DLR (Germany,
Research Institute); OME (France, Research Institute); RODAMAMAQUINARIA S.L. (Spain, Private Company)

Christos Agrafiotis
web-site under(DLR)/ Salvatore - ENEA, (Research Institutes);
realization
Sau (ENEA)（International）- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); CERTH(Greecey, Research
Intitute); KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE (Germany,
Research Institute);UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS (Greece, University);
Trinity College Dublin (Ireland, University); Reserarch Insituttes of
Sweden (Sweden, Research Institute); ExoMatter GmbH (Germany,
Private Company); SAINT-GOBAIN CREE (France, Private Company);

Dennis Thomey(DLR)/ Michela
Lanchi (ENEA)

ENEA (Research Insitutte); DLR (Germany, Research Institute); CERTH(Greece, Research Insitutte); AALTO University (Finland, University),
FEN Research (Austria, Private Company), GRILLO (Germany, Private
Company));

Current

https://www.hyse
lect.eu/

2023 - 2026 (R&D span)
Curre

European Project - Prometeo (Hydrogen PRO duction by MEans of solar heat and power in high TE mperature solid i) Optimization of the coupling of the SOE with two intermittent sources: non-programmable renewable
A.Giaconia
Oxide electrolysers), funded by FCH JU.
electricity and high-temperature solar heat from Concentrating Solar systems with Thermal Energy/ENEA
The Project aims at producingf green hydrogen from renewable heat & power sources by high temperature electrolysis in areas Storage; ii) design and realization of a fully-equipped modular prototype with at least 25 kWe SOE (about
15 kg/day hydrogen production) and TES (for 24 hours operation) connected to representative externalof low electricity prices associated to photovoltaic or wind
power/heat sources and validated in real context (TRL 5).
ENEA/ItalyEnergystorage/transport

Hydrogen
Production

Current

2021 - 2024 (R&D span)

National Project - Hydrogen demo Valley - Mission Innovation, funded by Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy
Security
The project purpose is to build a complete Hydrogen demo Valley at the ENEA Casaccia Research Centre

ENEA/ItalyHydrogenAll

The project addresses the creation of an infrastructural hub for testing and demonstration of hydrogen
P. Deiana ENEA
technologies covering production, storage, distribution and utilisation of hydrogen and blends of natural
gas and hydrogen, for the energy, industrial and transport sectors. The multifunctional infrastructure would
be implemented in the Casaccia Research Centre of ENEA, to act as a breeding ground for hydrogenvalue chain technologies and services with the aim of accelerating their deployment in view of the energy
transition and overall decarbonisation. .

Current

2021 - 2024 (R&D span)

Current

197

ENEA (Research Insitutte); FBK (Research Insitutte); Snam S.p.A.
(Private Company)); NextChem (Private Company);(International)
Capital Energy (Spain, Private Company); SOLIDPOWER SA(Switzerland, Private Company); IMDEA Energy (Spain, ResearchInstitute); ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE
FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (Switzerland, University); STAMICARBON
B.V.(Netherland, Private Company).

web-site underrealization

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

H2020 project - SO-FREE: development of a fully future-ready solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based system for
combined heat and power (CHP) generation. (FCH2 - Research and Innovation Action)

Current

Current
ENEA/ItalyEnergy use /application

Fuel cells

2021 - 2023 (R&D span)i) In-depth understanding of the effects of variable fuel compositions – considering mixtures of natural
Viviana Cigolotti
gas, biogas and hydrogen – on the operation of SOFC stacks integrated in a combined heat and power (ENEA)(CHP) systemii) Optimisation of anode off-gas recirculation for the complete avoidance of fuel pre-reforming allowing toreach system CAPEX targeted by the 2024 FCH JU multi-annual work programme (MAWP) valuesiii) Development of a standardised stack module-system interface for full interchangeability of
SOFC stack modules in any application-ready systemiv) Demonstration of two 5-kWe-class systems for 9 months and >6000 operating hours each, proving
efficient (>48% electrical), low-degradation (<1%/kh) and constant (>90% availability) operation in flexifuel conditions, each integrating both of two radically different SOFC stack technologiesv) Pre-certification of the developed prototype system according to applicable EU and international
directives and regulationvi) Operation in actual, residential CHP-generating environment to demonstrate decrease of CO2
emissions through flexi-fuel operation.
vii) Assessment and quantification of the residential SOFC-CHP market at global level, after which a
detailed country-specific review will be carried out for the Netherlands, Italy, Poland and the UK

Current

H2020 project - REACTT: the projects aims at realizing a Monitoring, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Control Tool (MDPC) for SOE i) Improved durability, reliability and maintainability of SOE and rSOC stacks by developing innovativeand rSOC stacks and systems. (FCH2 - Research and Innovation Action)
algorithms for diagnostics and prognostics of their remaining useful life.
Ii) Advanced control strategy with self-optimizing and fault-tolerant featuresiii) Hardware module for implementation of the monitoring, diagnostics, prognostics and control
Currentiv) Characterization of stacks and systems in SOE and rSOC nominal and faulty conditions andvalidation of the product prototype
ENEA/ItalyEnergy use /application

C

Current

Current

CurrentC

Tthe main objectives of StoRIES are linked to the energy storage development by providing access toworld-class research infrastructures and services, with a focus on improving materials for devices andoptimizing hybrid energy systems with a view to make energy technologies more competitive andreducing costs.

2021 - 2025 (R&D span)

EnergyStorageAll

C

Current

European project - EuBatIn (IPCEI on batteries - German leadership).

ENEA/ItalyEnergyStorageĐani Juričić, IJS(Slovenia).
Davide Pumiglia(ENEA)

2021 - 2023 (R&D span)

Fuel cells

H2020 project - StoRIES (Storage Research Infrastructure Eco-System)

ENEA/ItalyLead person/Organization

Batteries

Current

C

2022 - 2027 (R&D span)C

Current

Current

198

Relatedinformation- ENEA - Research Institute, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi University, I.C.I CALDAIE SPA - Industry（International) :- AVL List GmbH - Industry - Austria- Elcogen OY - Industry - Finland- Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung
E.V. - Research Institute - Germany- Instytut Energetyki - Research Institute - Poland- Kiwa Nederland BV - Netherlands- PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA - Industry - Poland- ENEA - Research Institute, Università degli Studi di Salerno University, Bitron S.p.A. - Industry（International) :- Institut Jožef Stefan - Research Institute - Slovenia- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Research Institute - France- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - University - Switzerland- SOLIDpower S.A. - Industry - Switzerland- VTT: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus - Research Institute - Finland- AVL List GmbH - Industry - Austria

Stefano Passerini, （Domestic):
https://www.eeraKIT-HIU• ENEA, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e loenergystorage.e
u/stories.html(Germany)sviluppo economico sostenibile, RI, Italy
M.Moreno• CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, RI, Italy(ENEA)• ENI, Eni SpA, industry, Italy（International）:• KIT,Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, RI, Germany• AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, RI, Austria• CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientalesy Tecnológicas, RI, Spain• CLERENS, I.C. Belgium SCRL, SME, Belgium• CSICAgencia estatal consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas,
RI, Spain• DTU, Technical University of Denmark, University, Denmark• EASE, European Association for the Storage of Energy,
associazione, Belgiium• ECCSEL, European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory
Infrastructure, associazione, Norway• EDF, Electricité de France, industria, France• EERA, Alliance européenne de recherche dans le domaine de l'é
nergie, associazione, Belgiium• FZJ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, RI, Germany• SINTEF AS, SINTEF AS, RI, Norway• SINTEF EN, SINTEF Energi AS, RI, Norway

The “German leaded Important project of Common European Interest” has many Member States involved VDEand ENEA is one of the Italian participants. ENEA role is to develop new-concept batteries suitable of
VDI(Germany)
being transformed into an industrial product and optimize recycling in line with circular economy
P. Prosini (ENEA)
approach. The aim is to fill the gap between the lab-scale and the installation and production problems ata pilot plant level to assist the industry upon the first industrial deployment stage.

Current

Partnership (if any)

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

C

Current

HEU-CSA project - BEST (Batteries Europe Segretariat)

Target / Goal Outcome

Current

Current

2022 - 2024 (R&D span)

ENEA/ItalyEnergyStorage

CCUS

Current

Biomass/Carbon capture2020 - 2024 (R&D span)

H2020 project - SISAL Within the European Project SISAL, that is funding by the European Innovation Technology (EIT) Raw
Material, ENEA is scientific responsible for the design of a fluidized bed reactor for providing CO2 in a process for recovering
Silicon from industrial residues.

ENEA/ItalyCCUS

EIT InnoEnergy(Belgium) / M.
Moreno (ENEA)

Batteries

H2020 Project - GICO (Gasification Integrated with carbon capture and cOnversion) Main goal: H2 production and CO 2
capturing processes from gasification of biomass residues and valorization of carbon by means of plasma catalysis.

ENEA/ItalyThe Batteries Europe ETIP is coordinated by BEST (Batteries Europe Secretariat) project, led by
InnoEnergy with the participation of VDI-VDE-IT, EASE, EERA, CLERENS, SINTEF (Industry andEnergy), INSTM, CIC energiGUNE, ENEA and Zabala. The project would last 3 years under the Horizon
2020 Programme for Research and Innovation. Batteries Europe aims to accelerate and support theestablishment of a globally competitive European battery industry and to strengthen the synergies andcomplementarities among EU initiatives. This will be done through different levels of engagement at
European, national and international level.

Lead person/Organization

CarboncaptureThe project aims to demonstrate a patented novel industrial process to produce silicon (Si, a critical raw ENEA
material)

Current

H2020 Project - ChemPGM: MSCA-RISE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE). Reuse of To create knowledge, provide expertise and educate the academic public and professionals regarding the Maria Luisa
platinum-group metals, recovered from spent catalysts or from e-waste as catalysts for CO2 valorisation processes (e.g. reverse chemistry of PGMs and its application in CCUS technologies
Grilli/ENEA
water gas shift, methanation, dry reforming of methane).

Current

CCUS

Carboncapture2021 - 2025 (R&D span)

Current

199

Relatedinformation

The Project is coordinated by:• KIC SE, KIC INNOENERGY SE, the Netherlands
other partners:• ZABALA BRUSSELS, ZABALA BRUSSELS SPRL, Belgium• ZABALA INNOVATION CONSULTING SA, ZABALA INNOVATIONCONSULTING SA, Spain• EERA, Alliance européenne de recherche dans le domaine de l'é
nergie, association, Belgium• INNOVATION VDI / VDE + TECHNIK GMBH, INNOVATION VDI /VDE + TECHNIK GMBH, Germany• SINTEF AS, SINTEF AS, RI, Norway• INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science andTechnology, RI, Italy• CICe, CIC ENERGIGUNE Centro de investigacion cooperativa deenergias alternatives, RI, Spain• SINTEF EN, SINTEF Energi AS, RI, Norway• ENEA, National Agency for New Technologies, Energy andSustainable Economic Development, RI, Italy• CLERENS CONSULTING, I.C. BELGIUM SCRL, Belgium,• EASE, European Energy Storage Association, association, Belgium

GICO allows H2-rich gaseous stream production, develops new materials (CO2 capture sorbents;
D. Barisano/ENEA 1. University Degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi - Telematica (Usgm)
membranes for oxygen separation and methanol production) and technologies (HTC; Sorption Enhanced
2. Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L'energia E
Gasification; HT Gas Conditioning; CCSU; Power To Gas via Plasma conversion) to:
Losviluppo Economico Sostenibile (Enea)
1- produce intermediate solid (5 vs 15 €/MWh) and gaseous (10 vs 30 €/MWh) bioenergy carriers;
3. Fundacion Tecnalia Research & Innovation (Tecnalia)
2- capture CO2 (40 €/t vs 90 €/t) receiving waste high alkali content and producing bricks;
4. I.C.I Caldaie Spa (Ici)
3- convert CO2 to CO and O2 (90 vs 10% efficiency) storing renewable electricity excess;5. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (Tu/E)
4- produce methanol (35 vs 75 €/MWh) and electricity (100 vs 200 €/MWh).
6. Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior Deinvestigaciones Cientificas(Csic)
7. Marion Technologies S.A. (Mtec)
8. Calida Cleantech Gmbh (Calida)
9. Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh (Fzj)
10. Iris Srl (Iris Srl)

2021 - 2023 (R&D span)

ENEA/ItalyPartnership (if any)

https://www.gico
project.eu/

1. Bnw Energy
https://sisalslag.
2. Calef, Enea And Wtoeu/
3. Elkem As Technology
4. Enalos Research And Development
5. Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung
E.V. (Fraunhofer)
6. Mytilineos Holdings S.A.
7. National Technical University Of Athens - Ntua
8. Norwegian University Of Science And Technology (Ntnu)
9. Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Rwth
(Aachen)
10. Siqal

1 Monolithos Katalites Ke Anakiklosi Etaireia Periorismenis Evthinis
Greece2 Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L'energia E Lo
Sviluppo Economico
Sostenibile It
3 Y.S. Cypriot Catalysts Limited Cy
4 Lomartov Sl Spain
5 Universite De Liege Be
6 University Of Cape Town Za
7 Institute Of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences Bg

tbc

Institute/Country

ENEA/ItalyTheme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current

H2020 Project - eNeuron (greEN Energy hUbs for local integRated energy cOmmunities optimizatioN)
The ongoing energy transition brings new opportunities for distributed energy resources (DER) integration
The main goal of the eNeuron project is to develop innovative tools for the optimal design and operation of local energy
and deployment, and for the evolution in the role of final users from passive consumers to active
communities (LECs) integrating distributed energy resources and multiple energy carriers at different scales. This goal will be prosumers who both produce and consume energy. Local energy systems can potentially contribute toachieved, by having in mind all the potential benefits achievable for the different actors involved and by promoting the Energy the EU energy and climate objectives, by helping reverse energy consumption and emission trends, as
Hub concept, as a conceptual model for controlling and managing multi-carrier and integrated energy systems in order toalso highlighted in the Clean Energy Package for all Europeans where local energy communities (LECs)
optimize their architecture and operation. In order to ensure both the short-term and the long-term sustainability of this new
are recognised as an efficient and sustainable way of managing energy at a local community level – withenergy paradigm and thus support an effective implementation and deployment, economic and environmental aspects will be or without a connection to distribution systems. The LEC concept refers to a set of energy users deciding
taken into account in the optimization tools through a multi-objective approach. eNeuron’s proposed tools enable tangible
to make common choices in terms of satisfying their energy needs, in order to maximize the benefits
sustainability and energy security benefits for all the stakeholders in the LEC. Local prosumers (households, commercial and deriving from this collegial approach, thanks to the implementation of a variety of electricity and heatindustrial actors) stand to benefit through the reduction of energy costs while leveraging local, low carbon energy. Developers technologies and energy storages and the optimized management of energy flows. Indeed, LECs are welland solution providers will find new opportunities for technologies as part of an integrated, replicable operational businessplaced to meet local energy needs, reduce the need for transmission infrastructure, and bring people
model. Distribution system operators (DSOs) benefit from avoiding grid congestion and deferring network investments. Policy together to achieve common goals for well-being. DERs within a LEC can also be employed to support
makers benefit from increasingly sustainable and secure energy supply systems. eNeuron is a high TRL project in line with the the grid by providing ancillary services and flexibility through different products such as demand
response (DR), congestion relief, local energy markets, etc.
Work Programme, by developing innovative approaches and methodologies to optimally plan and operate integrated LECs
through the optimal selection and use of multiple energy carriers and by considering both short- and long-run priorities. Through By representing locally and collectively organised energy systems, LECs are able to effectively integrate
optimally coordinating all energy carriers and vectors, cost-effective and low-carbon solutions will be provided for fostering the energy systems through a variety of local generation of electricity and heat, flexible demand, energy
deployment and implementation of this new energy paradigm at European level.
storages and electric mobility. As a result, LECs are able to fulfil the multi-energy demand of theNovember 2020-October 2024
communities’ users through the optimised operation of local DER, by exploiting synergies among thevarious energy carriers. LECs can also serve as the centre of energy system decision making for thecommunity while capturing the benefits locally. In addition, LECs aim not only to efficiently self-provide
for the communities’ users - under the concept of energy islands - but also to provide system services toCurrent
neighbouring systems such as balancing and ancillary services. In addition, exploiting the interplay
among different energy sources at local levels reduces RES curtailment, thereby supporting
decarbonisation.
2020 - 2024 (R&D span)
Optimisation of the design and operation of a LEC is crucial to achieve all these benefits for thecommunity. The wider range of potential actions by developers, asset owners, operators, and final users
make optimisation of such systems a complex task, given the degrees of freedom in the design andoperation phases. From the design point of view, the planning of a LEC inherently involves multiple andconflicting objectives. For instance, the interest of developers in achieving a system configuration withlowest costs might conflict with the interest of EU energy legislation in public welfare in terms ofsustainability of the energy supply. Overall economic operation of the system might conflict with theEnergyLocal energy
customer preference at the level. Operation and scheduling tasks pose a challenge when considering
management
communties
the interaction between energy carriers (e.g., electricity, heat, cooling, etc.), which face different demand,systemtechnical, economic, and safety drivers. Novel approaches to identify equitable solutions are required topromote stakeholders’ participation in the decision-making process and facilitate collective decisions.
In order to address these challenges, the main goal of eNeuron (GreEN Energy HUbs for Local IntegRated
Energy COmmunities optimisatioN) is to develop innovative tools for the optimal design and operation of
LEC for use by such communities. These tools focus in particular on integrating multiple energy carriers
at different scales to identify the potential benefits achievable for the community and its stakeholders byadopting the Energy Hub (EH) concept.
The main KPIs are indicated below:- Self-consumption, energy efficiency and flexibility management >50%
- Energy savings for consumers = 30-35%- Reduction of levelised cost of energy for RES operators~30%- Reduction of O&M Costs for network operators, RES operators and facility managers ~30%
- Reduction of network losses 22%- Network and assets down-time reduction 40-50%- Regulated comfort and air quality in building environments 80%- Reduction in total annual cost for LEC (energy cost + annualised investment cost + O&M costs) as
compared to conventional energy supply system (power grid, conventional boilers and electric chillers =30-35%- Reduction in daily energy cost for LEC as compared to conventional energy supply system (power grid,conventional boilers and electric chillers) = 30-40%- Reduction in daily and annual CO2 emissions as compared to conventional energy supply system(power grid, conventional boilers and electric chillers)= 30-48%

National Project - IEMAP (Italian Energy Materials Acceleration Platform) - Mission Innovation, funded by Italian Ministry ofEnvironment and Energy Security.
The project purpose is to build an innovative platform for materials for energy with application in electrochemical storage,electrolysers and photovoltaics

ENEA/ItalyTarget / Goal Outcome

Energymanagement
systemProduction

Current

1) Realization of a platform by developing a transversal computational infrastructure on which to build
advanced ways to design materials with different approaches and operating conditions, from the mosttraditional to the most innovative and complex ones. The infrestructure consists of a database and aworkflow driven by machine learning (ML) and BigData technologies to learn from data and optimize thedesign of the new materials2) Application cases will cover three fundamental research areas in the energy sector to support theenergy transition: storage, electrolysers and photovoltaics (PV).

2021 - 2024 (R&D span)

200

Lead person/Organization
Marialaura Di
Somma/ENEA

Massimo Celino/ENEA

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

The eNeuron consortium consists of 17 partners from 8 EU countries: https://eneuron.e
Cyprus, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal and Spain. u/
In detail, the partners consist of 7 research organisations (ENEA, EPRI,
IREC,IEN, DERLAB, SINTEF, TECNALIA) 3 universities (UNIVERSITYOF CYPRUS, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID,
UNIVERSITA' POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE) , 3 industries(ENEIDA, LEDE, ICONS), 1 non-profit organisation , 1 municipality(CITY OF BYDGOSZCZ) and the Portuguese Navy (Marinha
Portuguesa)

The project consortium consists of following partners: ENEA Italian
National Agency for New Technologies (IT) , Energy and Sustainable
Economic Development, CNR National Research Council (IT), RSE Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (IT).

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person/Organization

National Project - MISSION (Multivector Integrated Smart Systems and Intelligent microgrids for accelerating the
The project will study, design and implement technological solutions enabling the transition of networks Mariaenergy transitiON), funded by Italian Ministry of Environment and Energy Security. The project aims to develop two smart grid towards integrated and smart multi-energy distribution systems.
Valenti/ENEA
demonstrators - microgrid size, full scale and multi-vector - located, respectively, at the CR ENEA in Portici (Smart Energy
Microgrid ENEA) and the RSE offices in Milan and Piacenza (Extension multi-energy of the Distributed Energy Resources Test
Facility RSE).
ENEA/ItalyEnergymanagement
systemEnergynetworks

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

The project consortium consists of following partners: ENEA Italian
National Agency for New Technologies (IT) , Energy and Sustainable
Economic Development, Institute of Informatics and Telematics of CNR
National Research Council (IT), RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico(IT).

Current

2021 - 2024 (R&D span)

Current

ENergyTRANsitions from Coal and carbon: Effects on Societies (ENTRANCES).

1) Report on multi-dimensional key factors, dynamics and patterns
2) Gender Analysis Report to provide specific indicators on social impact evaluation
3) Survey on socio-psychological component4) Comparison between coal and carbon regions case studies5)Guidlines and policy recomandations

Ricardo Garcia
Mira/University of A
Coruna (UDC)
Spain Nadia
Cerone (ENEA)(Coordinator) University of A Coruna (UDC) Spain

Rosaria Di
Nucci/Freie
Universität Berlin(FUB) –
Environmental
Policy ResearchCentre (FFU)
Germany/Gilda
Massa (ENEA)(Coordinator) Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) – Environmental Policy
https://comeResearch Centre (FFU) Germany
res.eu/Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) Belgium
Becker, Büttner & Held (bbh) Germany
REScoop.eu Belgium
Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo
economico (ENEA), Italy
Ecoazioni (ECOA) Italy
Institute of Physical Energetics (IPE) Latvia
Latvian Environmental Investment Fund (LEIF) Latvia
Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) The Netherlands
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO)
NorwayNorwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) Norway
Krajowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii S.A. (KAPE) Poland
Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Industrial (INEGI)
Portugal
ECORYS españa (ECOR) Spain
Asociación Canaria de Energías Renovables (ACER) Spain
ICLEI European Secretariat GmbH (ICLEI) Germany

Current

ENEA/ItalyEnergytransition

Socialimpacts
evaluation2017 - 2022 (R&D span)

Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo
economico (ENEA), Italy
Knowledge and Innovation (K&I) Italy
Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) Germany
Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER)
Germany
Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI) Austria
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Norway
European Association of Development Agencies (EURADA) Belgium
InstytutGospodarkiSurowcamiMineralnymi i Energią PAN (IGSMiE
PAN) Poland
Faculty of Psychology and Education – University „AlexandruIoanCuza
University‟ of Iasi (UAIC), Romania
SociedadePortuguesa de Inovaçao (SPI) Portugal
Women Engage for a common future France (WECF)
Center of Social and Psychological Sciences Slovakia (CSPS)
Cardiff University, United Kingdom (CU)https://entrances
project.eu/

ENTRANCES is based multidisciplinary analytical framework based on 6 components: socio-economic, socio-technical, socioecological, socio-political, socio-cultural and socio-psychological ones. All these components are used to analyze different
aspects of both the clean energy transition and de/re-territorialization processes. ENEA is involved in elaborating specificindicators to address the socio-technical component of transition. ENEA is leading case studies on coal and carbon regions
and is responsible of stakeholder engagement in the investigated Italian territories.

Current

C

Community Energy for the uptake of RES in the electricity sector: Connecting long-term visions with short-term
1) assessment of the potentials for RES community energy initiatives,
actions (COME RES)
2) assessment and comarison of community energy good/best practice cases3) analysis of financing schemes and business models
COME RES comprises manifold activities including an assessment of technical, legal, institutional and policy conditions,case-studies on drivers and barriers for community energy in 5 selected target regions. An assessment of the potentials for RES 4)capacity development and transfer activities
community energy initiatives, a compilation of community energy good/best practice cases, an analysis of financing schemes
and business models, as well as capacity development and transfer activities will be carried out.The Stakeholder involvement
and engagement plan is coordinated by ENEA. ENEA carries out analyses to improve the knowledge on technical, legal,
institutional and policy conditions, on the potentials community energy and also on the findings barriers and drivers.ENEA isalso responsible of the National Desk for renewables energy communities.

ENEA/ItalyRenewable Policy andEnergycapacitybuilding
Communities

Current

2021 - 2023 (R&D span)

201

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Regional Programme funding: COMPLEX RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS "CORES" - Thematic areas: Energy
and Bioeconomy. EMERA project is related to the topic Energy; it aima at developing an efficient micro energy networks
powered by only RES for the autonomy and independence of rural areas from the centralized system. In the project ENEA is
involved in activity reletad to several aspect among which development of the gasification reactor, technical and economic
analysis of possible biomass-energy supply chains, and establishment of guidelines for the preparation of logistics and supply
plans.
ENEA/ItalyRenewable
Energyproduction

Target / Goal Outcome
1- Identification of components and processes to be integrated into a stand-alone demonstrator.
2- Enhancement of energy valorization of residual biomass by gasification.
3- Robust integration of production and storage systems.
4- Involvement of various stakeholders to recognize needs and expectations.

Lead person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

D. Barisano/ENEA CMD S.p.A (Coordinator), DIGIMAT, EES srl, ESA srl, ENEA, CNR

https://www.cmd
engine.com/grup
po-cmd/progettiinnovativi/Powerproduction

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

Call for funding of technology research projects - Three-year National Electricity System Research Plan 2019-2021 - Ministry ofEnvironment and Energy Security. The RECOVERY project aims at the energy valorization of residual materials coming fromthe agro-food industry (e.g., sewage sludge, digestate, and putrescible surplus materials) through syngas from gasification for
self-production and self-consumption of electricity.
ENEA/ItalyRenewable
EnergyproductionC

1- Improvement of processes for converting residual materials into gaseous fuels usable for cogeneration E. Fanelli/ENEA
purposes.
2- Energy and environmental performance optimization of internal combustion engines in cogeneration
set-up running on bio-derived gaseous fuels only.
3- Analysis of techno-economic and permitting sustainability of the sludge processing chain.

CMD S.p.A (Coordinator), Giaguaro S.p.A, ENEA

Power
production

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

PON "Research and Innovation" 2014 - 2020 -MIUR. The West Waste to Green Fuel (WW-Green Fuel) project aims at thedevelopment of gasification process (dry and SCWG) for the exploitation of large-scale biomass and production of liquefied
SNG.
ENEA
/ItalyRenewable
Energyproduction

Biofuels
production

To develop and validate on a pilot scale an integrated process of valorization of organic matrices(biomass, organic waste/reflluents, sludge, etc.) into liquid biomethane (CH4) as an advanced biofuel.

E. Fanelli/ENEA

Consortium DITNE (Coordinator), CNR-ITAE, UNICAL, UNIBA, POLITO,
SOTACARBO, Calabra maceri, TECHFEM, SOL spa.

H2Ports aims to boost the transition of the European port industry towards an effective lowcarbon/zero- Viviana Cigolotti
emission and safe operative model, piloting, evaluating and demonstrating new FC technologies oriented (ENEA)
to increase energy efficiency, decarbonisation and safety of port terminals. The main objective is todeploy port equipment equipped with FC technologies and the use of hydrogen as zero-emission fuelthrough innovative market sided solutions to be ready for market adoption by the end of the project.

1. Fundación de la Comunidad Valenciana para la Investigación,
Promoción y Estudios Comerciales de Valenciaport, Spain
2. Ballard Power Systems Europe, Denmark
3. Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia, Spain
4. Centro Nacional de Experimentación de Tecnologías de Hidrógeno y
Pilas de Combustible Consorcio CNH2, Spain
5. Mediterranean Shipping Company Terminal Valencia, Spain
6. Hyster – Yale Nederland B.V., Netherlands
7. Grimaldi Euromed S.P.A, Italy
8. ATENA SCARL – Distretto Alta Tecnologia Energia Ambiente, Italy
9. ENAGÁS, Spaine-SHyIPS is aimed to conduct a pre-normative research on hydrogen-based fuels solutions for passenger Viviana Cigolotti
ships, based on risk and safe assessment design approach and theoretical best practices and unique(ENEA)
experimental data. The resulting insights, models and correlations will be ready to be either implemented
or referred in maritime
international standards to close current gaps for hydrogen-based fuels vessels certifications.

1. Politecnico di Milano, Italy
2. Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione UNI, Italy
3. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
4. CINECA – Consorzio Interuniversitario CINECA, Italy
5. ATENA SCARL – DISTRETTO ALTA TECNOLOGIA ENERGIAAMBIENTE ATENA, Italy
6. PROTON MOTOR Fuel Cell GembH, Germany
7. Levante Ferries LEVANTE, Greece
8. GHENOVA Ingenieria SLU GHENOVA, Spain
9. Danaos Shipping Co. Ltd. DANAOS, Cyprus
10. Oy Woikoski Ab WOIKOSKI, Finland
11. IDF - Ingegneria del fuoco srl IDF, Italy
12. Municipality of Andravida – Kyllini port KYLPORT, Greece
13. DNV GL Hellas SA DNV GL, Greece
14. DAMEN SHIPYARDS GORINCHEM DAMEN, Netherlands

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

H2020 project - H2Ports: Implementing Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies in Ports

ENEA/ItalyC

Current

Fuel
Energy use /Cells/heavy
application
duty

2019 - 2023 (R&D span)

H2020 project - e-SHyIPS: Ecosystemic knowledge in Standards for Hydrogen Implementation on Passenger Ship

Current
ENEA/ItalyEnergy use /application

Maritime

2021 - 2024(R&D span)

Current

202

https://www.cmd
engine.com/grup
po-cmd/progettiinnovativi/

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Current

Target / Goal Outcome

H2020 project - FuelSOME: MultifuelSOFC system with Maritime�Energy vectors"FuelSOME" is aimed to develop and validate, up to TRL 4, a novel multifuel energy generation system Viviana Cigolotti
based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology system which will be capable of operating on various fuels (ENEA)
and fuel mixtures. The project will go beyond the current state of the art (SOTA), by developing SOFC
stacks which are for the
first time able to operate successfully on ammonia and methanol in addition to hydrogen. Green hydrogen(or hydrogen in general) will also be considered as it is in the focus and general interest of the EU.

2022 - 2026(R&D span)
ENEA/ItalyEnergy use /Fuelapplication cell/Ammonia

National Project - GreenH2-CFD (Italian research programme 2021-2023) funded by Regione Lazio

ENEA/ItalyCurrent

ALL

Partnership (if any)

Relatedinformation

1. AVL LIST GMBH AVL, AT
2. AEE - INSTITUT FUR NACHHALTIGE TECHNOLOGIEN, AT
3. ATENA SCARL - DISTRETTO ALTA TECNOLOGIA ENERGIAAMBIENTE, IT
4. EBOS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED EBOS, CY
5. ELCOGEN OY, FI
6. POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA, PL
7. TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY VTT, FI
8. ZURCHER HOCHSCHULE FUR
ANGEWANDTEWISSENSCHAFTEN, CH

Fundamental studies on hydrogen blends combustion by means of Direct Numerical Simulation todevelop subgrid turbulent combustion models.

University of
ENEA + two Universities of Rome
Rome "Sapienza"

Development of clean technologies to encourage the penetration of vRES in energy-intensive sectors
supporting the increase in the flexibility of the national grid.

Giorgio Graditi
ENEAi) Creating the reference European facility for the development and testing of Molten Salt based
technologies forenergy storage and dispatchable power production solutions, for the integration of different renewableenergy sources, power andgas grids; ii) strengthening the research
management and administration skills of the Widening Research Infrastructures

Pedro Horta/
UNIVERSIDADE
DE EVORA / M.
D'auria (ENEA)

Current

Energy use /Combustion
application

2021- 2023 (R&D span)

National Project - Ricerca di Sistema Elettrico (Italian research programme 2022-2024) funded by the Italian Ministry ofEnvironment and Energy Security. The programme includes several projects focusing on: hydrogen, storage technologies,
CSP, cybersecurity, photovoltaic, etc

ENEA/ItalyLead person/Organization

ENEA - numerous national Universities

ALL

Current

2022- 2024 (R&D span)
Current

Horizon Europe Project - SALTOpower (Horizon CSA)
Ther projects aims aims at enhancing the scientific excellence and innovation capacity of the Consortium in the foregoing
exploitation of their unique reserche infrastructures on Molten Salt-Linear concentrated Solar Thermal systems, enabling thestudy and experimental test of e.g. materials, components and O&M procedures.

ENEA/ItalyRenewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energy

Current- ENEA (Research Institute);（International）- DLR (Germany, Research Institute)- UEVORA (Portugal, University).

web-site underrealization

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

National Commercial Project - JCA Eni-ENEA. The project aims at developing, implementing and testing advanced
technologies and solutions for concentrating solar systems coupled to thermal storage for the generation of electricity and / orheat,

Current
ENEA/ItalyRenewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energyi) development and validation of innovative solutions for linear collectors and thermocline thermal storage Raffaele Liberatore
units based on concrete; ii) identification of application scenarios for the CSP / CST technologies/ ENEA- ENEA (Research Institute); Eni (Private company)
coupled to thermal storageiii) definition of business plans for theenhancement of these technologies; iii) identification of partnerships with national and internationalorganizations for thedesign of industrial solutions in the contexts of interest identified
not available

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

203

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Horizon Europe Project - CST4all (Horizon CSA)The CST4ALL project defines an array of hybridisation and cooperation initiatives at the interface between CST and othertechnologies for applications relevant to the sectors of electricity, heat and fuels

ENEA/ItalyRenewable Concentrated
energies Solar Energy

Target / Goal Outcomei) bringing together and incentivising theinteraction of main stakeholders at key technology interfaces with the CSP sector building on combined
technological and nontechnologicalimprovements; ii) organizing anintertwined set of workshops with respective industry and R&I focus

Current

Lead person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

Marcel Bial /ESTELA/L.
- ENEA (Research Institute);
Turchetti (ENEA) （International）- EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY ASSOCIATION(Belgium, organzation)- DLR (Germany, Research Institute); Odtu Gunes Enerjisi Uygulama
Ve Arastirma Merkezi (University, Turkey)

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

Italian National Project - ZEPHYRUS Main goal: green H2 production from gasification of biomass residues intensified by CO2 The goal of the project is the production of the green hydrogen from biomass gasification intensified with Giulia
1. ENEA
capturing with solid sorbent
CO2 capture by means of solid sorbent
Monteleone/ENEA 2. Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi
3. INFN

Current
ENEA/ItalyENEA/Italy

CCUS

CCUS

CarboncaptureCarboncapture2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

NextGenerationEU Project - ECCSELENT Main goal: H2 production and CO 2 capturing processes from gasification of biomass The goal of the project is the strengthening of the ECCSEL-ERIC infrastructures in Italy to increase the Giulia
1. ENEA
Current
residues and valorization of carbon by means of plasma catalysis.
ability of the Italian Network and cover all the needs of the users for the successful deployment of CCUS Monteleone/ENEA 2. OGS
technologies in Italy and Europe
3. University of Bologna
4. Polythecnic of Milan
Current
5. CNR

2022 - 2025 (R&D span)

Current

National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Hydrogen R&D - Ministry of Environment and Energy Security - research activities onhydrogen to promote interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary interactions through the sharing of knowledge, skills, experiences,infrastructures and networks of laboratories in order to contribute to the increase of qualified critical mass and to the pursuit ofobjectives challenges

ENEA/ItalyHydrogen

R&D alltechnologies

Production of green and clean hydrogen
Innovative technologies for the hydrogen storage and distribution and its transformation into derivatives
and e-fuels
Fuel Cells
Digitalization of Hydrogen-based infrastructures

GiuliaENEA - numerous national Universities
Monteleone/ENEA

Current

2022- 2025 (R&D span)

Current

IPCEI (Important Project of Common European Interest) Hy2Tech. Development of innovative hydrogen technologies up to te
first Industrial Deplyment phase

ENEA/ItalyHydrogen

R&D H2technologies

2023- 2028 (R&D span)

Current

National Recovery and Resilience Plan, research on innovative technologies, education and training - Ministry of University
and Research - aims to strengthen the conditions for the development of an economy with a high intensity of knowledge,
competitiveness and resilience, starting from the recognition of the criticalities of our education, training and research system.

ENEA/ItalyALL

R&D alltechnologies

Development of pilot lines and innovative laboratories and experimental facilities to support research and Giulia
ENEA - European Member States
innovation and first industrial deployment in the hydrogen technology value chain.
Monteleone/ENEA

The main topics of the projects are energy transition, climate, sustainable mobility, advanced material,
artificial intelligence2023- 2025 (R&D span)

204

Giorgio
Graditi/ENEA

ENEA - numerous national Universities

Relatedinformation
web-site underrealization

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023

Research activities on Renewable Energies
Alberto Sanchez-Hernandez
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Mexico

1. Introduction
To this day, Mexico still depends mainly on fossil, non-renewable energy resources, rendering
ecological accidents at the sites of oil extraction and major industrial pollution and environmental
degradation in the main cities of the country. Even though Mexico initiated a strategy to increase
the use of clean energy and signed the agreements of The Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Doha
Amendment (2012), as well as the Paris Agreement (2018), the trend substantially changed
between 2018 and 2022, causing a serious delay on the progress that had been achieved so far.
Since then, Research Centers and Universities have led most R&D efforts on renewable energy.
Nevertheless, a new turnaround began last year with the launching of the Sonora Plan by the
Mexican government, aimed at constructing up to 5 photovoltaic parks of 1 GW capacity by 2027,
of which 120 MW are already in operation. In addition, by 2027 the Marengo 1 project intends to
produce 170 thousand tons of green ammonia, through the production of green Hydrogen. Bothprojects are expected to contribute to vital decarbonization for the country and the world.

2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Four Cinvestav campuses (Mexico City, Merida, Queretaro and Saltillo) promote scientificadvances and new technologies related to the storage, use and conservation of clean energy. The
main research topics are focused on the creation of new materials and devices for a more efficientuse of solar energy generation, and for the production and use of hydrogen and biofuels.

3. Specific research activities
The following are some of the Projects developed at Cinvestav around clean energy● Electrolysis of water using solar energy (2017-2026)● Development of efficient green Solar Cells based on Cu-Zn compounds (2018-2026)● Green Hydrogen development (2021-2027)

205

● Development of Dye-based Solar Cells (2016-2025)● Development of fuel-cells propelled prototype vehicles for use in Mexico City (2017-2026)
Advances on each of these projects are variable.

4. International collaboration
In recent years, Cinvestav has established collaboration agreements on the area of clean energy
with University of Lemans, the Polytechnic University of Hauts-de-France and the University of
Limoges in France. It has also submitted several joint research proposals to international funding
agencies, in partnership with other institutions. Such collaborations between research institutes of
G20 members are important for driving innovation in clean energy technologies. In recent weeks,
the possibility of opening new lines of collaboration with Indian institutions has opened within aframework of international cooperation where, among other issues, those related to clean energy
are addressed.

5. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
During the last year, the Government of Mexico has changed its policy regarding the use of clean
energy, beginning the Sonora Plan, which aims at constructing up to five 1 GW capacity
photovoltaic parks on an area of 2,000 hectares by 2027, on the Puerto Peñasco desert, Sonora,
expecting to be the largest photovoltaic park in Latin America and the seventh in the world when
it reaches its peak capacity. The project contemplates the construction of distribution lines to theneighboring states of Sinaloa and Chihuahua. Sonora is a state in the northern part of the country
with high solar exposure throughout the year. 120 MW of this project are already in operation.
In addition, the Marengo I project was recently announced, which consists of the construction ofa green ammonia production plant using hydrogen obtained through the electrolysis of water. Theenergy needed to move this plant will come from the installation of the second largest solar parkin Mexico, with 63 wind turbines offering a capacity of 415 MW, added to a solar park with acapacity of 208 MW, making a total generation of 623 MW. This project will produce 170
thousand tons of green ammonia for export. The project began in 2022 and its completion isplanned for 2027 in the Champotón Campeche region, in an extension of 12 thousand hectares thatwill benefit the local population with the desalination of 2 thousand cubic meters of water per day
for agricultural and public use.
For its part, Cinvestav will continue working on clean technology research projects and will seek
alliances to achieve this goal. An important strength of Cinvestav is the presence of a large group206

of experienced researchers who are part of initiatives that have helped in the past to consolidate
large research projects.

Fig 1. On the left is the photovoltaic park in Puerto Peñasco Sonora, which is currently operatingwith a capacity of 120 MW. On the right is a "render" of the Marengo I project in Champotón
Campeche.

207

Alberto Sanchez Hernandez, Ph. D.

General Director of the Center for Research at Advance Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico
1994-2015 Dzero experiment at Fermilab, USA
1997

PhD in Physics, Cinvestav

1997-1999 Associate Researcher at CBPF, Brazil
1999-

Research at Physics Department, Cinvestav

2001-2011 Leader of the Mexican group in the Focus-Fermilab experiment, USA
2003-2004 Visiting researcher, Fermilab, USA
2005-

CMS experiment at LHC, Switzerland

2017-2019 Management Board of CMS experiment al LHC
2019-2022 Head of the Physics Department

208

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Related programs (with short summary)Development of efficient green Solar Cells based on Cu-Zn compounds (2018-2026)

Development of Dye-based Solar Cells (2016-2025)

Partnership (if any)

Dr. Jose Mustre / CinvestavMerida,
Dr.
Velumani Subramanian /Cinvestav-Mexico-City(Domestic)
Universidad Marista
Merida,(International)
Stanford Synchroton
Radiation Lab,
(International)
University of

Unlock thechallenges related tothe materials andmanufacturing
processes of solidstate batteries by
Dr. Gerko Oskam / Cinvestavinvestigating a
Meridanumber of innovativetechnologies to
produce advanced
SSEs from both
inorganic andpolymeric materials

Solar Cells

Cinvestav/Mexico

Role of structuraldefects in increasing
efficiencies in
Cu2ZnSnS4 andCdS/CdSe based
cells

Lead person / Organization

Electrolysis of water using solar energy (2017-2026)(International)
Universidad de
Valencia

Development of highperformance
Dr. Gerko Oskam / CinvestavElectrolysis of water
Meridausing Bismuth Oxide
thin films

Development of fuel-cells propelled prototype vehicle for use in Mexico City (2017-2026)

Fuel Cells

Green Hydrogen development (2021-2027)

209

Small vehicles used
for delivery and short Dr. Omar Solorza / Cinvestavrange transportation Mexico-City
in Mexico City

(Domestic) Instituto
Politecnico Nacional,
MéxicoDra. Lilana Lemus / CinvestavSaltillo,Dr.
Use of Bi-Pb-oxides
Javier Rodriguez / Cinvestavin water electrolysis
Saltillo,
Dr. Joseto obtain hydrogen
Mustre / Cinvestav-Merida,using clean energies
Dr. Geonel Rodriguez /Cinvestav-Merida(Domestic) University
of Yucatan,(Domestic) Instituo
Politecnico Nacional,
MexicoRelated information

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
Current Status of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies R&D in KIER
Chang-Keun Yi
Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Republic of Korea
1. Introduction
The Korean government’s carbon-neutral energy policy aims to transform the country intoa low-carbon and sustainable energy system by 2050, focusing on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions by maximizing the proportion of carbon-free energy sources such as renewable andnuclear power in the energy mix. Korea will provide sufficient financial support to companies
and research institutes related to carbon-free power sources such as hydrogen, ESS, and CCUS
and will lead the implementation of carbon neutrality in the global community through active
international cooperation.
To realize the achievement of carbon neutrality in 2050, MIST(Ministry of Science andICT) confirmed ‘100 technologies for Carbon-free in Korea’ and presented a blueprint for fullscale technology development. 1) In the energy conversion sector, select high-efficiency large
scale technologies such as solar power, wind power, hydrogen
supply, and ESS 2) industrial sector promotes decarbonization through process innovation in
main industries such as steel and petrochemicals 3) transportation sectors focus on developing
clean automobiles and carbon-free ship technologies.

KIER, as the only energy research institute and the national research hub for carbon
neutrality, aims to contribute to overcoming the climate crisis and enhancing economic growthby developing clean energy technology. KIER’s main strategies are:
- Creating new markets: KIER aims to create new markets in areas such as Energy Storage
Systems (ESS), Hydrogen production, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and energy
digitalization.
- Promoting international cooperation projects: KIER is planning large-scale international
projects in cooperation with companies and research institutes. International projectseeks to promote cooperation and collaboration among countries to address energy
challenges and facilitate the efficient and sustainable utilization of energy resources.
- Inducing disruptive innovation and technological convergence: KIER supports creative
research and development (R&D) efforts to induce disruptive innovation and promote
the convergence of technologies.
These strategies highlight KIER's commitment to advancing energy technologies, fosteringinternational collaboration, and driving innovation in the energy sector.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Hydrogen and fuel cells are also KIER’s main R&D areas over the last few decades. For
hydrogen production R&D, natural gas reforming, low & high-temperature water electrolysis
are the sub-areas of KIER involved in the production of high purity hydrogen. Liquid hydrogenstorage materials using ammonia is also R&D area for hydrogen storage. For fuel cell R&D,
the sub-areas are developing core materials and building all types of systems such as distributed
power generation, fuel cell vehicles, IT/portable power and APUs.

210

l
l
l
l
l

Design of pressurized modular high-purity hydrogen production unit (2017-, reforming
unit: 500kg/day, hydrogen production efficiency (HHV): 80%, purity: 99.999%)
Development of large-scale alkaline water electrolysis cells and stack under dynamic
operation (2019-, H2 production rate: 3 Nm3/h, energy consumption (stack) < 48.64 kgH2, H2 production efficiency (HHV) > 83.9%, dynamic operating range: 10 ~ 155 %)Development of Planar Type of SOC stack module for green hydrogen production anddistributed power generation (2019-, 10kW SOFC & SOEC module, H2 production rate:
4 Nm3/h, degradation rate < 1%/kh)
Development of low-cost high-performance core materials for building application fuelcells (2022-, The use of precious metals: ≤2 g/kW (@650℃, 10 × 10 cm2, ammonia
conversion rate > 99%, power density> 500 mW/cm2, durability < 0.5%/kh)
Reliability evaluation of fresh and re-used PEMFC stacks for vehicle and stationary
applications (2019-, 100 kW PEMFC stack performance and reliability evaluation,
long-term cycle life evalution of reused PEMFC stack)Renewable energy technology is at the heart of energy transition, a global trend to overcome
the climate crisis faced by mankind. Large-scale penetration of renewable energy makes us
confront different issues such as lack of installation site, public acceptance and energy
intermittency. KIER has been conducting important activities focusing on solar and windenergy and energy storage to provide technological solutions to energy security andenvironmental as well as the above-mentioned issues. High-efficiency low-cost tandem solar
cells, and multifunctional (light-weight, flexible, transparent, etc.) thin-film solar cells are therecent main research topics in photovoltaics area for various application and high-added value.
Innovative research on next-generation secondary batteries are also ongoing with expertise forgrid-scale energy storage system (ESS) and fast-charging electric vehicle (EV). 'Renewableenergy resource map & integration platform’, and ‘operation and maintenance technology foroffshore wind farm’ are also key research fields where KIER tries to contribute to renewableenergy dissemination through developing the government's policy-based public technologies incooperation with industries and academia.
l Prosumer-type next-generation solar cell technology for urban application (2017-,
High-efficiency (>35%) Perovskite/Si tandem solar cell; Flexible perovskite/CIGS
tandem solar cell (> 30% by 2025); Light-weight (>100 W/kg) flexible CIGS
compound thin-film solar cell by 2025)l Plus-energy community platform based on renewable energy for urban power
generation (2020-, 100% energy self-sufficiency rate and 50% self-consumption rate
through operation of a demonstration platform for a plus-energy community)l Forecasting and nowcasting renewable energy variability based on satellite imagery
and climate numerical weather prediction (2018-, Low-error rate (<8%) integrated
system performance model)l Next-generation secondary batteries for fast-charging EV and grid-scale ESS (2020-,
High-energy density (400Wh/kg) all-solid state secondary battery; High-capacity (85Ah/L) Redox-flow couple material)l Offshore-wind farm optimal design for high efficiency (2020-, LCOE reduction >10%
by low-cost O&M technology)
l Cyber physical system technologies to interconnect distributed energy resources for
RE3020 (2019-, distributed resource control achievement rate 95%)
CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies have been in development ever since KIER

211

was established. KIER is also engaged in the development of fundamental technology for CO2
capture new materials as well as CO2 conversion technology for the production of valuable
chemicals and fuels from captured CO2. Currently, the development of the highly active andselective electrocatalysts and the world’s most efficient electrochemical CO2 conversion system(catholyte-free CO2 conversion system) are being conducted for the conversion of CO2 into
carbon monoxide (syngas), formic acid, and ethylene.
l

l

l
l

Development of the Fundamental Technology for CCU Project (2020-, Innovative CO2
capture sorbent (regeneration heat ≤3.5 GJ/ton-CO2), Development of CO2 captureadsorbents for coal-fired power generation from 2020 to 2023, and targeted
development for LNG power generation from 2024.
Development of Technologies for Co-electrolysis of CO2 and Low-grade By-products
for the Production of Valuable Chemicals Project (2021-, Development of large-area
membrane-electrode assembly technology and bench-scale (5kg/day) co-electrolysis
technology for the co-production of CO and organic acids)
Development of new absorbents for CO2 capture (Reboiler heat duty ≤2.0 GJ/tCO2,
Feed CO2 concentration 20~25 vol.%, 90% CO2 capture)
Development of sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF) production technology from CO2 andH2 (2023-, Integrated process development of RWGS-FTS-Cracking reaction (CO210kg/d scale), Development of highly active RWGS catalytic system at 400°C(CO/CO2 yield (RWGS): 52%, Development of highly selective FTS-Cracking tandem
catalyst (Selectivity for C8-C16 in HCs: 60%)

Each country is trying to develop clean coal technology (CCT) since it has become more
important to convert coal into clean energy and higher value-added products with lower
emissions of environmental pollutants. Coal gasification technology is one of the mostimportant platforms for CCT utilization. It provides an opportunity to add value to coal by
converting it into higher value-added materials (e.g., Hydrogen, electricity, chemicals, andliquid fuel).
lDevelopment of clean fuel and high value-added technology for coal syngas (2017-,
development of integrated chemical material design and operation technology usingsynthetic gas produced in gasification process)

Next generation energy management system, one of KIER’s main research area over theyears, is to integrate variable renewable energy resources into the power grid. This R&D area
is based on the convergence of renewable energy resources, big data information processing
and artificial intelligence technologies. Main areas of research include intelligent control of
distributed energy resources, grid integration with variable energy resources, plus demand
response, prognosis and health management of DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) andenergy optimization based on the real time combined data monitoring.
l Development of core technologies to control the distribution networks including
distributed energy resources (2019-, distributed control success rate to meet thevoltage regulation > 95% )l Development of prognosis and health management platform for optimal operation of
distributed energy resources (2021-, energy utilization increase>15%, success rate offault detection >95% )212

3. International collaboration
KIER has developed a global R&D strategy process to enhance co-beneficial international
R&D projects. The fundamental approach for the process is to build up networks withinternational R&D institutions through collaborative agreements, workshops and personal
exchanges. The accumulated experiences, information, and lessons learned from thesecollaborations strengthen the strategic relationships between global communities andeventually enable KIER to develop the world’s best energy technologies.
With the help of the process, KIER has been successfully cooperating with global partners
by conducting 41 joint R&D projects funded by KIER for the last 7 years. In order to investigate
the bottleneck issues or challenges conducting the international joint R&D projects, the expert
researchers were interviewed and answered the survey as below.
[Prioritized Issues/Themes]- IPR guidelines need to be clarified to avoid disputes and revitalize international joint
research. Moreover, under the RD20 framework, less intensive or flexible guidelines
have to be suggested.
- Especially for hydrogen technology, standardization issues is very important to discuss
since hydrogen economy is getting realized earlier than expected. Along with the effortsof IEA, RD20 members also should play very important role in this issue immediately.
[Best Practice]- KIER has developed the global R&D process providing internal R&D fund forresearchers to proactively collaborate with foreign partners from workshop to matchingfund international projects. With the consistent operating and improvements of theprocess, KIER has been collaborating with RD20 members such as CSIRO Australia
and NRC Canada, TUBITAK MAM Turkey, CSIR South Africa, and NIMS Japan.
[Effective Measures]- In order to facilitate international collaboration, the appropriate R&D framework togather all the stakeholders and the efficient process to enable all the different thoughts
to reach a consented topic, and consistent funding mechanism to successfully conduct
the project should be needed.
- For that matter, the RD20 framework is the best platform for the international
collaboration utilizing its members’ networks.

213

<Fig. International Collaboration Snapshot of KIER (2017~2023)

4. Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In line with ‘2050 Carbon Neutrality Strategy’ by government, KIER has provided the fivemega transitions towards 2050 carbon neutralization. In order to successfully transit the Koreanenergy system, the following areas can be future challenges and should be priority area forinternational collaboration.
Area 1. Production of carbon-free electricity
Area 2. Utilization of carbon neutral fuels and product (H2 and NH3, Biofuel)Area 3. Electrification of energy system
Area 4. Development of high-efficient low-carbon society combining existingenergy efficiency technology with DNA (Data, Network, AI)
Area 5. CCUS of Industrial GHG Emissions, especially for steel and cement industry.

214

Pr o fil e o f Pre s iden t of K IE R

Dr. Chang-Keun Yi,
Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)
Dr. Chang-Keun Yi is currently the president of the Korea Institute ofEnergy Research (KIER), and the president of the Korean Society for New
and Renewable Energy.
Dr. Chang-Keun Yi has contributed to climate change mitigation
through R&D activities as a researcher at the Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER) since 1985. He received his Ph.D. in Chemical
Engineering from Lehigh University, USA, in 1994. He has participated asa principal investigator in CO2 capture R&D projects and prospered KIER
under his leadership as the director of the fossil energy environment research division, the highefficiency clean energy research division, the climate change research division, and the vicepresident of KIER.
Since becoming the president of KIER in June 2023, he has facilitated the use of alltechnologies that KIER develops to eventually achieve energy security and carbon neutrality
under the title “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,” a key to a sustainable future. He has been doing
his utmost to create the driving force for global economic growth with KIER’s technologies bycontributing to the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) as the Korean
representative since 2005 and awarded by the Minister of Trade, Industry, and Energy for his
outstanding international organization activities.

215

Chang-Keun Yi, Ph.D.
President, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Republic of Korea
1994 Ph.D. Lehigh University
1985- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)
2005-2017 Korean representative, Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum(CSLF)
2023- President, KIER
2023- President, the Korean Society for New and Renewable Energy

Sangjin Choi, Ph.D.
Chief of Global Strategy Team, Korea Institute of Energy Research,
Republic of Korea
2000 Ph.D. Pusan National University
2021 Post Doc., University of Calgary
2002- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)
2015 Visiting researcher at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Mr. Woonho Baek
Senior Administrator, Global Strategy Team, Korea Institute of Energy
Research, Republic of Korea
2014 Master, Kyung Hee University
2013- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER)

216

Dr. Chang-Keun Yi
President of Korea Institute of Energy Research
Dr. Chang-Keun Yi is currently the president of the Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), and the president of the Korean Society for New and Renewable
Energy. Dr. Chang-Keun Yi has contributed to climate change mitigation throughR&D activities as a researcher at the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) since1985. He received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Lehigh University, USA,in 1994. He has participated as a principal investigator in CO2 capture R&D projects
and prospered KIER under his leadership as the director of the fossil energy
environment research division, the high-efficiency clean energy research division,
the climate change research division, and the vice president of KIER.
Since becoming the president of KIER in June 2023, he has facilitated the use of alltechnologies that KIER develops to eventually achieve energy security and carbon neutrality under thetitle “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,” a key to a sustainable future. He has been doing his utmost to
create the driving force for global economic growth with KIER’s technologies by contributing to the
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) as the Korean representative since 2005 and awarded by
the Minister of Trade, Industry, and Energy for his outstanding international organization activities.
Dr. Sangjin Choi
Chief of Global Strategy Team of Korea Institute of Energy Research
Dr. Choi earned his Ph.D. from the Dept. of Industrial Engineering at Pusan National
University (2000). Before he joined the Korea Institute of Energy Researchin 2002, he had his postdoctoral course in the Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering
at the University of Calgary. In 2015, he was a visiting researcher at Brookhaven
National Laboratory to study R&D quality assurance in the national laboratory of theUSA. His research interests are Energy System Modeling and Analysis, R&D Quality
Assurance, and Global R&D Strategy. As chief of the R&D Strategy Team for the last
6 years, he has developed a global R&D strategic process and enhanced thecompetitiveness of energy technology through collaboration.
E-mail:217

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Prosumer-Type Next-Generation Solar Cell Technology for Urban Application-2017 - 2021 (R&D span)

KIER/
Korea

PV

1) High-efficiency Perovksite/Si tandem solar
cell/ conversion efficiency >35% by 2025
2) Flexible Perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cell/conversiion efficiency > 30% by 2025
SeJin Ahn, Ph.D. / KIER
3) Light-weight flexible CIGS compound thinfilm solar cell/ power-to-weight >100W/kg by
2025(Domestic) KAIST, DGIST,
UNIST, Korea Univ., Hanbat
Natl. Univ., Ewha Womans
Univ., Hanyang Univ., Chonnam
Natl. Univ., KHNP, Seoul Energy
Corp., Shinsung E&G, Hanwha
Solutions, Hyundae Energy
Solutions, etc.
(US) Univ. Delaware, etc.
(EU) EPFL, Frounhofer, imec,
HZB, EMPA, Julich etc.

LCOE reduction >10% by low-cost O&M
technology

Sung-jo Kwak, Ph. D. /KIER

(Domestic) Doosan Heavy
Industries & Construction,
Hyosung Heavy Industries,
Unison Co., Ltd, Hanjin Ind Co.,Ltd

* 100% energy self-sufficiency rate and 50%
self-consumption rate through operation of ademonstration platform for a plus-energy
Kyoungho Lee, Ph.D. /community
KIER* 30% energy saving by system ingtegrationof solar hybrid lighting and radiative coolingtechnologies(Domestic) KOLON Global, GS
Engineering & Construction,
Korea Land and Housing (LH)
Corporation, Korea Water
Resources Corporation (K-water),
Myongji University, University ofSeoul.
(US) FREE, Univ. Delaware,
EMPA etc.

Integrated System Performance Model Error
Rate < 8%(Domestic) Seoul Natl. Univ.,
Korea Univ., Chungnma Natl.
Univ., Dongkuk Univ., KPX, KMA(US) UCSD CER

Offshore-wind farm optimal design for high efficiency

KIER/
Korea

Wind

2020- 2021

Renewable
EnergyPlus-energy community platform with urban multi-energy (electricity, heat, and gas) system and urban building farm2020 - 2021 (R&D
2022
span)
(R&D span)
KIER/
Korea

EnergyIntegration

Current

Forecasting and Nowcasting Renewable Energy Variability based on Satellite Imagery

KIER/
Korea

Utilization

Related information

2018- 2021

218

Hyun-goo Kim, Ph.D. /KIER

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

Design of pressurized modular high-purity hydrogen production unit

KIER/
Korea

Reforming unit : 500kg/day
Hydrogen production efficiency (HHV) : 80%
Purity : 99.999%

2017 - 2026 (R&D span)

Dong Joo Seo, Ph.D. /KIER

Domestic) Korea University,
Chungnam Universtiy, Yunsei
Universtiy

Sang-Kyung Kim, Ph.D. /KIER(Domestic) Seoul National
University, Pohang University of
Science and Technology,
Dankook University, Korea
Institute of Industrial Technology,
Inha University, Sejong
University(International) University of Notre
Dame, University of Scouth
Carolina

10kW SOFC module
10kW SOEC module (H2 production rate > 4
Nm3/h, degradation rate < 1%/kh)

Ji-haeng Yu, Ph.D. / KIER

(Domestic) Bumhan Fuel Cell,
Korea Institute of Ceramic Eng. &Tech. (KICET), SAMSUNG
ELECTRO-MECHANICS

The use of precious metals: ≤2 g/kW(@650℃, 10×10 cm2)
Ammonia conversion rate >99%
Power density> 500 mW/cm2 Durability <0.5%/khDr. Seung-Bok Lee / KIER

(Domestic) KAISTCurrent

Current

Design of large-scale water electrolysis cells and stack under dynamic operation

2019 - 2022 (R&D span)
KIER/
Korea

HydrogenandFuel Cell

Production

Development of Planar Type of SOC Stack Module for Green Hydrogen Production and Distributed Power Generation

2019 - 2025 (R&D span)

KIER/
Korea

Current

C

Development of low-cost high-performance core materials for building application fuel cells

2022-2026 (R&D span)
KIER/
Korea

C
u
r
r
e
n
C

H2 production rate: 3 Nm3/henergy consumption (stack) < 48.64 kg-H2,
H2 production efficiency (HHV) > 83.9%,
dynamic operating range: 10 ~ 155 %Utilization
Current

219

Related information

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

C

Reliability evaluation of fresh and re-used PEMFC stacks for vehicle and stationary applications
2019-2026 (PEMFC reliability evaluation)

KIER/
Korea

Partnership (if any)

Utilization
Current(Domestic) Gwangju Institute of
Science and Techonology, Ewha
Womans University, Hanyang
University, Kunsan National
University, Korea Automotive
Technology Institute, Korea
construction equipment
technology institute100 kW PEMFC stack performance andreliability evaluation (2019-2023) & Long-term
cyclelife evaluation of reused PEMFC stack(2021-2026)

Chi-Young Jung, Ph.D. /KIER

1) High-energy density (400Wh/kg) all-solidstate secondary battery by 2025
2) High-capacity (85 Ah/L) Redox-flow couple
material by 2025

(Domestic) Teratechnos, Schunk1) Jeong-gu Yeo, Ph.D./
Carbon Technology, Daeyoung
KIER
Chaevi, Dpeco, Misumsystech,2) Kyoung-hee Shin, Ph.D./
Chungnam Nat'l Univ., KITECH
KIER(US) Harvard University

Distributed Resource Control Achievement
Rate 95%

Suyong Chae, Ph.D. / KIER

Next-Generation Secondary Batteries for Fast-Charging EV and Grid-Scale ESS

2020 - 2021 (R&D span)

KIER/
Korea

EMS

EMS

Cyber Physical System Technologies to Interconnect Distributed Energy Resources for RE3020
C

KIER/
Korea

2019 - 2022 (R&D span)

Development of the Fundamental Technology for CCU ProjectCurrent

Development of the Fundamental Technology
for CCU Project (2020-, Innovative CO2
capture sorbent (Regeneration heat ≤ 3.5
GJ/ton-CO2), Development of CO2 capture
Dr. Dong-Ho Lee / KIER
adsorbers for coal-fired power generation from2020 to 2023, and targeted development for
LNG power generation from 2024.

2020 KIER/K
orea

Development of Technologies for Co-electrolysis of CO2 and Low-grade By-products for the Production of Valuable
Chemicals
KIER/K
orea

Development of large-area membraneelectrode assembly technology and benchDr. Wonhee Lee / KIER
scale (5kg/day) co-electrolysis technology forthe co-production of CO and organic acids.

Current

2021 - 2025

220

Domestic) Semyung University,
Polytechnic University

Related information

Institute/Country

Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Development of new absorbents for CO2
capture (Reboiler heat duty ≤2.0 GJ/tCO2,
Feed CO2 concentration 20~25 vol.%, 90%
CO2 capture)

Dr. Jong Kyun You / KIER

Development and demonstration of RWGSFTS-Cracking integrated process for CO2derived sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF)
production (CO2 10kg/d scale, CO/CO2 yield(RWGS): 52% (T<400°C), Selectivity for C8C16 in HCs (FTS): 60%

Dr. Min Hye Youn / KIER

Development of absorbents for CO2 caputre
Current

KIER/K
orea

2022 - 2024

Development of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (e-SAF) Production Technology from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
Current

2023 -2025

KIER/
Korea

Development of clean fuel and high value-added technology for coal syngas

2017 - 2021 (R&D span)
KIER/
Korea

Partnership (if any)

ETC

Development of Integrated Chemical Material
Design and Operation Technology Using
Synthetic Gas Produced in Gasification
Process

Clean Coal
Technology

221

Prof. Gyeong S. Hwang
Univ. of Texas Austin

Related information

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
CSIR Clean Energy Research & Development
Activities in hydrogen and renewable energy
Dr Thulani Dlamini
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)•

Introduction

South Africa is in the process of transitioning to low carbon economy which entails thefast adoption of clean energy technologies across the energy value chain. The CSIR is
actively involved in research, development and innovation of renewable energy sources,and hydrogen.
Compared to conventional thermal generation, renewable energy technologies such as
wind and solar PV have five concerns to grid operators: variability, uncertainty, location
specificity, non-synchronous generation, and capacity factor limitations. The National
Development Plan (NDP) calls for 20GW of renewable energy deployment by 2030
coupled with decommissioning of 11GW of thermal power plants to achieve thecountry’s nationally determined contributions (NDC) of reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emission by 350-420 MtCO2-eq.
R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
Hydrogen technology activities:
The CSIR is intensively involved in the development of technologies that are apt for thecircular economy. The Hydrogen South Africa & carbon Capture and Utilisation(HySA&CCU) research group of the CSIR currently develops sustainable technologies
such as: Conversion of biomethane to low-carbon, sustainable hydrogen; biogas cleaning,
upgrading and conversion to value-added chemicals; development of high surface area,•

porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) derived from waste materials for the storageof CO2 and sustainable H2;
and the conversion of CO2 to green methanol as well as industry collaborations to
produce synthesis gas, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis(FTS). The clean energy technology value chain of the HySA&CCU group of the CSIR
is shown in the schematic in Figure 1. Furthermore, the group is also involved in the222development of light weight, composite cylinders for the storage and transportation ofsustainable hydrogen adsorbed in microporous, high surface area materials.

Hydrogen techno-economic activities
CSIR is involved in three location-based prefeasibility projects:• The prefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Gauteng Province, and usage•

in to decarbonise Heavy Transport, andPrefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Limpopo Province, to decarbonise
mining and smelting•

Prefeasibility of generation, storage, bunkering and possibly export of sustainablemaritime bunker fuels from the ports of Saldanha Bay and Boegoebaai

In addition, CSIR is involved in two policy-based projects in consortium with GFA• Recommendations of modifications to existing South African national policies
and strategies• Environmental screening and techno-economics in support of Lighthouse greenhydrogen projects in South Africa

Renewable energy activities:••

The CSIR has a proven track record for supplying unbiased and quality-controlled
data and analyses, and this extends to the RE sector, specifically the Wind Atlasof South Africa (WASA) measurement masts and LiDAR measurement
campaigns.
The CSIR Energy Centre currently has:
• Two LiDAR wind measurement devices•

Eighteen wind measurement masts currently deployed in five provinces•

CSIR has a well-established team of four engineers and technicians available whohave been providing LiDAR resource measurement and data analyses since 2016.
The team is qualified and certified to work at heights and in Fall Arrest & Basic
Rescue.

•CSIR also has the skills for met ocean studies and coupled with the resource

223

assessment (RA) skills within the CSIR Energy Centre, provides the core••requirements for offshore wind farm investigations.
The team has access to wind resource analyses software such as the state-of-theart Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) with staff trained &experienced in the use of the software.
Energy Systems research group provides clients with system level integration
studies for wind farms and distributed solar PV plants, supported by the CSIR’s
resource assessment capabilities.

•

The group works closely with CSIR's Environmental Management Services(EMS) to provide environmental impact assessments (EIAs), including bird andbat monitoring to identify suitable areas for RE development.

•

CSIR has a long history of coastal research and coastal infrastructure assessment
experience embedded in the Smart Mobility cluster, which can assist in thedevelopment and assessment opportunities for offshore wind development.

•

•

•

•

CSIR’s coastal engineering group has the largest hydraulic modelling facility in
Africa, which can perform numerical and scale testing of offshore windtechnologies.
The CSIR has the capability and expertise to model the impact of climate change
on future renewable resources, and how these resources may change over time,
including extreme weather event modelling.
The Energy Centre has established strong professional relationships:• Internally: with Coastal Engineering & Ports (Smart Mobility) team withstrong experience in renewable resource measurement, and• Externally: with the Danish Technical University (DTU), the South
African Weather Service (SAWS) and the South African Wind Energy
Association (SAWEA)Specific research activities

Hydrogen activities:
Biogas cleaning and upgrading (2021-Present)
The HySA&CCU research group of the CSIR is also involved in the R&D of biogas
cleaning and upgrading to pure streams of CO2 and biomethane. The latter is used to
produce low-carbon, sustainable hydrogen where CO2 is hydrogenated to value-added
products that can act as hydrogen carrier such as green methanol and dimethyl ether. The

224

raw biogas from local wastewater treatment plants is firstly cleaned from trace impurities,
mainly H2S which exists at levels of up to 3%. The cleaned biogas, which consists ofapproximately 60% biomethane and 27.4% CO2, will then be upgraded using a Pressure
Swing Adsorption (PSA) Unit to streams of 100% biomethane and 100% CO2. As
highlighted, the upgraded gases are then beneficiated to value-added compounds.
Biogas-to-hydrogen (2022-Present)
The CSIR is presently involved in research and development of technologies for the
production of carbon oxides-free hydrogen from biomethane. Contrary to the current
commercially available and widely utilised technologies for the reforming of natural gas,
primarily methane, such as: steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming
which are energy intensive processes are associated with CO2 emissions. The Hydrogen
South Africa & carbon Capture and Utilisation (HySA&CCU) research group of the CSIR
is therefore pursuing the R&D of the development of novel catalysts for thethermocatalytic decomposition of biomethane to low-carbon, sustainable hydrogen. The
research is well in line with the proposed national “Just Energy Transition”, Green
Hydrogen Society Roadmap and the United Nation’s 2050 net zero emissions target.
Green Methanol (2018-Present)
The CSIR is also involved in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The latter is used acarrier of green hydrogen. The source of CO2 will be from upgraded biogas whereas
turquoise hydrogen from methane thermocatalytic cracking will be the source of low
carbon, sustainable hydrogen. As such, the CSIR has been pursuing the R&D ofheterogenous, copper-based catalysts supported on high surface area, porous MOFs. The
production of green methanol has multiple benefits such as the sequestration of CO2 tonegate climate change as well the utilisation of sustainable, low carbon hydrogen.
Renewable energy•

Wind mast maintenance (2022-2023)• The upgrading and maintenance of wind resource measurement masts, andthe data collection, QA/QC and analyses resulting in updated
Observational Wind Atlases.

•

Offshore roadmap for South Africa (2023-2024)

225

•
•

•

work packages
WASA4 (2023-2024)• Responsible for erection of additional meteorological masts in the NorthEastern part of the country and collection and processing of measured data
Extreme Weather Scenarios (2023-2024)••

Providing key inputs to the roadmap and leading four of the ten project

Partner with local power utility to investigate and predict the effects ofclimate change on renewable energy production in expected climate

scenarios.
LEAP-RE OASES (2023-2024)•

Downscaling of renewable energy data as input to modelling software;
provision of input data to national energy model using the IRENA
FlexTool.

•International collaboration

Hydrogen technology activities
The CSIR has established multiple collaboration in the international scientificcommunity. Through the Republic of South Africa’s (RSA) Department of Science andInnovation and the National Research Foundation, the following international
collaborations:•••

RSA and France via the CSIR and The National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS) strategic collaboration for green methanol production
RSA and the European Union (EU) via the Horizon Europe Consortia for thedevelopment of MOFs for hydrogen storage at high pressure.
RSA and German BMBF via the GreenQuest project which involves thedevelopment of composite cylinders for green-LPG storage

Hydrogen techno-economic activities
CSIR is in a partnership agreement with GIZ as part of a three-country project (South
Africa, Argentina and Morocco) to create enabling conditions for PtX generation and226uptake. The South African component involves the development of GH2 and PtX
allocation scenarios; determination of South African PtX demand; economics ofgeneration (per site), storage and transport of PtX products; impact on jobs andemployment; certification, safety, codes and standards, infrastructure requirements, andapplications for decarbonising maritime transport.
The CSIR is part of a consortium with GFA (German development consultants)
developing a hydrogen strategy for the Oil and Gas Sector in Viet Nam, including
assessment of local PtX demand PtX and PtX export potential.
Renewable energy
CSIR is one of the Danish Technical University’s (DTU) local partners for the Wind
Atlas of South Africa (WASA 3 and WASA 4) programmes.
It is also the World Bank Group’s preferred local partner to assist with development ofoffshore wind road map for South Africa.
The wind energy team is currently participating in the LEAP-RE OASES project todevelop freely available tools for incorporating renewable energy in energy systems.
• Research institutions in South Africa should focus on developing local
expertise to assist a move towards renewable energy.
•••

The wind research team is actively working on developing the offshore
wind energy market and assisting special economic zones (SEZs) totransition to a more significant reliance on renewable energy.
International cooperation can be facilitated effectively through joint
research programmes, webinars by international experts hosted by local
industry associations and research organisations and targeted skills
transfer.

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)

Hydrogen
The CSIR currently has a memorandum of understanding with a domestic industrial
petrochemical company aimed at sustainable aviation fuel production. The conversion of
bio-alcohol to sustainable aviation fuel (Alcohol-to-Jet fuel, ATJ) is of strategic

227

importance nationally and internationally to decarbonise the fossil fuel-intensive aviationindustry. The alcohol feed, ethanol, or butanol is often obtained through fermentation of
biomass using engineered microbes such as yeasts. The alcohols are typically dehydrated,oligomerized, hydrogenated, and distilled to jet fuel. The process requires the usage ofbiogenic sources to produce bio-alcohols which are further upgraded to industry
compliant jet-fuel or kerosene. As proposed previously, green methanol may be integrated
to process, however, light alcohols when compared to heavier alcohol like butanol or
isobutanol, requires additional operational costs in the oligomerisation step. Furthermore,
the conversion of CO2 to olefins using High-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch iron-based
catalysts is an opportunity for the CSIR to further establish the sustainable catalysis
research area.

Renewable energy•••

Grid capacity:• South Africa has challenges in providing grid capacity to absorb additional
supply. This has resulted in all the wind energy projects in the latest bid
window not being accommodated. Upgrading of grid infrastructure is also
required to accommodate fluctuations in supply typically associated withrenewable energy technologies.
Policy and Regulation:• Implementing consistent and supportive policies that encourage
investment in clean energy technologies will be essential for further
progress. This aspect is currently a challenge in the South African context,
especially as regards new technologies (for the country) such as offshorewind.
Public Acceptance:• Individuals and companies are still uncertain about the benefits of clean
energy and addressing concerns will be essential for a successful transition.

228

Thulani Dlamini, Ph.D., MBL

Chief Executive Officer, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South
AfricaUniversity of the Witwatersrand1990 – 1998
BSc - Chemistry
BSc (Hon) – Applied Chemistry
Ph.D. – Catalysis
University of South Africa
1999 – 2003
Program in Business Leadership
Master of Business Leadership

229

•

Message for RD20
RD20 has created a platform for strategic engagements about our collective
responsibility to create sustainable energy future. The key to this future is innovationand collaboration. We share a common destiny when it comes to matters of climatechange and we have to work together to reduce the pace of climate change and evenreverse the deleterious effect of climate change.
I hope that through these deliberations, we will collectively come up with tangible
and implementable solutions to this global problem.

230

Institute/Country

Theme

CSIR/South
AfricaCarbon Captureand Utilisation(CCU)

Sub Theme

Biogenic CCU

Related programs(with short summary)
Biogas cleaning and upgrading
Summary of the project:
Biogas is a sustainable Removal of trace contaminants in biogas such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia
and siloxanes. The cleaned biogas is then upgraded using pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) to 100%carbon dioxide and biomethane in order to increase the calorific value of the former and permit for
beneficiation to value-added compounds.

Target / Goal Outcome
Removal of trace contaminants
to ppm/ppb levels, generation ofpure streams of carbon dioxideand biomethane

Lead person /Organization
Mr. Zama Duma

Partnership (if any)

Related information（Domestic) Johannesburg
https://www.hysainfrastructure
Wastewater treatment plant.org/;
https://www.csir.co.za/future(Desired collaboration) : RD20
production-chemicals
members in the biogenic CCU Space

Current

2022 -Development of high-pressure composite cylinders (Type IV) with theeventual goal of incorporating the porous materials to derive conditions wasdone with attractive properties for lightweight hydrogen storage systems.
CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaCurrent

Hydrogen Storage

2021 -Develop cylinders for natural gas
and hydrogenstorage for pressures ranging
from 350 bar to
700bar. This to be applied incars, buses and
UAVs

Mr. Ashton
Swaartboi

Mr. Ashton
Swaartboi

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaHydrogen Production

Large scale production of
Biogas-to-hydrogen: Production of low carbon, sustainable hydrogen from biogas via the thermocatalytichydrogen (4,5kg/day) to power adecomposition of biomethane.
3 kW fuel cell
Current

Mr. Zama Duma
Carbon Captureand Utilisation(CCU)

Catalysis

Production of green methanol from green hydrogen and biogenic/anthropogenic carbon dioxide2018 -2022

231

Localisation and diffusion ofcarbon dioxide valorisation
technologies（Domestic)University of Cape
Town
(Desired collaboration) Japaneseinstitutions in the hydrogen economy https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/;
https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

2021 -

CSIR/South
AfricaDomestic) - North West University, https://www.hysainfrastructure
University of South Africa,.org/;
Tshwane University of Technology, https://www.csir.co.za/futureUniversity of Pretoria
production-chemicals(Desired collaboration) - Institutes inJapan with expertise inmaterials-based hydrogen storage,
methanol catalyst development
and field testing of composite
cylinders（Domestic) University of Pretoria（International）University ofStrasbourg(Desired collaboration) Carbon
dioxide valorisation R&D intensive
institutions

https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/;
https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

Institute/Country

Theme

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaSub Theme

Hydrogen Storage

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Horizon Europe: Production of metal-organic frameworks derived from waste materials for the storage ofhydrogen at 100 bar.

High pressure storage ofhydrogenCurrent

Lead person /Organization
Dr. Mike MasukumePartnership (if any)
（Domestic) University of Pretoria（International）University of
Nottingham(Desired collaboration) Institution
involved in hydrogen storage from
RD20

Related information

https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

2022-

CSIR/South
AfricaCarbon Captureand Utilisation(CCU)

EnergyCurProfessor Suprakash
Sinha Roy

Sustainable aviation fuel production from bio-alcohols and anthropogenic carbon dioxide.

Prodution of sustainable aviation
fuelCurrent（Domestic) PetroSA(Desired collaboration) Petrochemical
https://www.csir.co.za/futurecompanies
production-chemicals;
https://www.petrosa.co.za/Pag
es/Home.aspx

2020Offshore roadmap forSouth Africa (2023-2024):
South Africa is one ofseven countries earmarked
by the WBG fordevelopment of an offshore
Help facilitate the establishment of an offshore wind industry in South Africa
wind roadmap

Jan-Hendrik Grobler/ CSIR

https://documents1.worldbank.
org/curated/en/3375315868942
29468/pdf/Technical-Potentialfor-Offshore-Wind-in-SouthAfrica-Map.pdf(International): World Bank Groupwww.wasa.csir.co.za/
WASA4 (2016-2026):
Establishment andmaintenance of a Wind
Atlas of South Africa

CSIR/South
AfricaRenewable energy
generation and
Extreme Weather
integration
Scenarios (2021-2024):
Partner with local power
utility to investigate andpredict the effects ofclimate change on
renewable energy
production in expectedclimate scenarios

Provide up to date wind speed and direction data to South African industry

Jan-Hendrik Grobler? CSIR(International): Danish Technical
University

Provide resilience to national utility in the light of climate change effects

Mohau Mateyisi /CSIR(Domestic): National ultility

232

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

LEAP-RE OASES (20232026): Provision of free
Provide a free energy systems modelling tool to promote inclusion of renewable energy
energy modelling software(IRENA FlexTool)

Lead person /Organization

Partnership (if any)

Renee Koen / CSIR

(International): EU

Policy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Development of GH 2 and PtX allocation scenarios; determination of South African PtX demand;
economics of PtX generation (per site), storage and transport; jobs and employment; infrastructure
requirements

Influencing South African policy

Mr. Thomas Roos

GIZ, Agora Energiewende,
Dechema, North West University.

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPtX techno-economics

Prefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Gauteng Province, and usage in to decarbonise Heavy
Transport

Prefeasibility of hydrogengeneration plant in Gauteng
Province

Thomas Roos /CSIRTransport Authority of Gauteng

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPtX techno-economics

Prefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Limpopo Province, to decarbonise mining andsmeltingHeavy Transport

Prefeasibility of hydrogengeneration plant in Limpopo
Province

Thomas Roos /CSIR

Limpopo Economic Development
Agency

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPolicy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Prefeasibility of generation, storage, bunkering and possibly export of sustainable maritime bunker fuels

Investigating policy options tostimulate sustainable maritime
bunker fuel generation anduptakeThomas Roos /CSIRWorld Bank, PRDW (port engineers),
MTBS (finance and strategy
consultant), Saldandha Bay SEZ,
Northern Cape Economic
Deevelopment Agency

Environmental; impact
CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy assessment and technoAfrica
economics

Environmental screening and techno-economics in support of Lighthouse green hydrogen projects inSouth Africa

Support to green hydrogenproject developers

Henrik Uehlecke /GFA consultants

GFA, GIZ, Saldandha Bay SEZ,
Northern Cape Economic
Deevelopment Agency

Policy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Determination of Vietnamese PtX potential demand and potential export volumes; economics of PtX
generation (per site), storage and transport; infrastructure requirements

Hydrogen strategy for Oil and
Gas Sector in Viet Nam

Théoneste
Uhorakeye / GFA
consultants

GFA, GIZ, IE (Vietnamese company)

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaCSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
Africa233

Related information
https://www.leapre.eu/2022/09/05/oasestowards-a-carbon-neutralelectrification-of-africa/

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023

Türkiye’s Energy Profile and R&D Activities at TUBITAK MAM
Dr. Dogan Gezer
Research Group Leader at TUBITAK MAM•

Introduction

Türkiye is geographically located between energy producing countries of its region
with more than 75% of the world’s proven oil and gas reserves and the well-developed
European energy consumer markets. This privileged natural position provides Türkiye
with both opportunities and responsibilities in terms of energy security. Türkiye remains
convinced of the need to strengthen this unique role given by its geostrategic location.
In this regard, while developing its energy strategy, Türkiye aims to strengthen its
position between East-West and South-North Energy Corridors. Türkiye’s demand forenergy and natural resources has been increasing due to economic and population
growth. In recent years, Türkiye has recorded one of the fastest growth in electricity
demand among OECD members, that is the demand has been increased 488% from1990 to 2021 and reached 332 billion kWh by the end of 2021. In 2021, 47% of total
primary electrical energy supply has supplied by domestic energy production. Electricalenergy production from renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal
has more than doubled since 2009, while traditional bioenergy usage for residential
heating has decreased.
Economic expansion, rising per capita income, positive demographic trends, and therapid pace of urbanization have been the main drivers of energy demand, which isestimated to increase by around 6 percent per annum through 2023. In order to satisfy
the increasing demand in the country, the current installed electricity capacity hasreached 101,5 GW by the end of December 2021 with the investments commissioned by
the private sector. As part of its efforts to provide sustainable and reliable energy toconsumers, Türkiye offers investors favorable incentives, such as feed-in-tariffs,
purchase guarantees, connection priorities, license exemptions, etc., depending on thetype and capacity of the energy generation facility.

234

In addition to the growing energy demand, the other characteristic of the Turkishenergy markets is the dependency on imports. Recent energy data indicates that Türkiye
is a net energy importer country, depending on such imports for 69% of its energy needs.
This high rate of energy dependence has been the main driving force behind theformulation and implementation of new policies to commission local and renewableenergy resources. The recent energy trend in Türkiye has paved the way in legislativeand practical terms for increasing renewables’ share in total installed capacity andelectricity generation.
The main elements of Türkiye’s energy strategy can be summarized as follows:
1) Taking into account increasing energy demand and import dependency,
prioritization among energy supply security related activities
2) Within the context of sustainable development, giving due consideration toenvironmental concerns all along the energy chain3) Increasing efficiency and productivity, establishing transparent and competitivemarket conditions through reform and liberalization
4) Augmenting research and development on energy technologies.
Through application of these four basic principles, Türkiye aims for the following
goals;
1) Diversification of supply routes and sources for imported oil and natural gas
2) Increasing the ratio of local and renewable energy in Turkish grid energy mix
3) Increasing energy efficiency
4) Adding nuclear to our energy mix.
Türkiye continues its efforts to increase the share of clean & renewable energy
sources in and add the nuclear power to its energy mix for the purpose of reducing its
energy import dependency, maximizing the use of domestic resources, and combatingclimate change.
Clean & Renewable Energy
Türkiye has a substantial amount of renewable energy potential, and the utilizationof this potential has been increasing over the last decade. The share of RE capacity is51.6 % when hydroelectric power plants with dam capacity is considered, and 27.7%
when only the run-off hydroelectric river plants are considered among others, while the235share of RE in the annual generation of 305 TWh is 42.3 % by the end of 2020. As an
indication of the importance given to renewable energy, Türkiye also became afounding member of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) on 26
January 2009. Moreover, solar, biomass/biogas, and geothermal energy resources will
also comprise a significant portion of the total capacity as rapid growth in utilization ofthese resources will be experienced in the coming years. Türkiye has made it a priority
to increase the share of renewable sources in the country’s total installed power to aremarkable 30 percent by 2023, and it was already achieved by end of 2020 when the42.3 % share is considered. This runs in parallel to the government’s commitment toenergy efficiency, whereby it is enacting laws that set principles for saving energy, atboth individual and corporate levels, as well as providing incentives to energy efficiency
investments. For example, the Turkish government introduced the new Renewable
Energy Resource Zone (YEKA) model in 2016 in order to commission large-scale
renewable energy projects through utilization of locally-manufactured components in
the renewable power plants. Under the model, the largest-ever solar power auction in
Türkiye's history took place on March 20, 2017, while a similar tender for 1-GW wind
power plants took place in August 2017 with local manufacturing and R&D
requirements. A second YEKA for wind is done in March 2019 for 1 GW, and a second
YEKA for solar PV is announced for January 2020 but cancelled. 1 GW of solar
capacity is divided into smaller capacities and the auction successfully took place inApril-May 2021.
Türkiye's 11th Development Plan (2019-2023) also mentions biomass and waste
utilization, utilization of lignite through gasification for the production of valuable
chemicals as areas of technology development. The plan includes the support for R&D
projects on clean coal technologies.
TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK MAM)
TUBITAK MAM conducts project-based studies in the field of energy technologies.
The vision of TUBITAK MAM is "to be the pioneer and leading research center in thefield of energy in Türkiye." The mission statement of TUBITAK MAM is "to contributeto the global competitiveness and sustainable development of Türkiye by developing
new, advanced energy technologies and energy conservation measures." TUBITAK
MAM provides and develops technological knowledge into practical applications inadvanced and innovative energy and transportation technologies areas. It forms a bridge
between fundamental research and commercial & industrial applications.

236

TUBITAK MAM cooperates with national and international institutions on scienceand technology projects, constantly develops its infrastructure and capabilities.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

TUBITAK MAM’s research activities on clean energy technology for carbon
neutrality include areas such as Clean Coal and Biomass Technologies, Hydrogen and
Fuel Cell Technologies, Electrical Power Technologies and Power Systems andRenewable Energy Technologies. All of these activities contribute to the development ofclean energy technology in Türkiye. The sub-divisions under these main areas are
generally formed as research teams comprised of experts.

•

Specific research activities

The research teams on coal combustion and gasification, coal gas cleaning, coal toliquid, utilizing coal with biomass and thermal power plant technologies conductvarious laboratory and pilot scale projects and applies technology in the site of customer.
There are many projects all of which have in common is the aim to apply Türkiye’s own
technology to utilize from Turkish coal resources. In this sense Liquid Fuel Production
from Coal and Biomass Blends Project (TRİJEN) aims to produce more economic,
efficient and clean liquid fuels from coal and biomass and therefore to enhance theutilization of the widespread national resources for sustainable development and energy
security. The pilot scale liquid fuel production plant has been successfully established in
Soma and another related project of pre-design of commercial plant has been started.
Another Project Tunçbilek Methanol production includes the study of entrained flow
gasification and synthesis of methanol. Development and Localization of Thermal
Power Plant Technologies (MILTES) Project, another one, aimed to work on thedevelopment of a 22 MWe thermal power plant based on circulating fluidized bed
combustor which is more suitable and more environmentally-friend for Türkiye’s coal.
The design is completed.
TUBITAK MAM has more than 15 year-experience in hydrogen technologies
especially in the areas of hydrogen production and purification. A pilot scale hydrogenproduction system has been constructed based on the gasification of biomass as arenewable energy source. Moreover, TUBITAK MAM works on technology

237

development for hydrogen production through reforming of hydrocarbon based fuels.
Fuel processors at several capacities (1kWe-5kWe) for PEM fuel cell applications are
successfully established during last decades supplied by both governmental andEuropean projects. Moreover, a 300kWe demo-scale plant based on diesel reforming has
been also constructed and tested successfully for martial applications. For both types of
production technologies, gas conditioning and gas cleaning become crucial since COfree hydrogen is needed in almost all of the hydrogen applications. Hence, highly
experienced team in hydrogen purification have worked on water-gas shift reactions,
granular filter, ceramic filter, COS hydrolyze unit, H2S scrubbers, zinc oxide columns,
tar removal and so on. Hydrogen production from hydrocarbon results in CO2
production and hence the carbon capture in amine distillation and usage in chemical
production is also one of the strategic area of TUBITAK MAM as mentioned in thefollowing. For the decarbonization strategies, a project for the development of Türkiye’shydrogen road map has been completed. The approach of TUBITAK MAM has been
based on determination of the convenient strategies regarding to the energy sources ofTürkiye, industrial infrastructure, and the technology readiness level of several
production, purification and storage methodologies.
In the carbon dioxide utilization area; special catalyst systems and catalytic reactors
for the carbon dioxide utilization to valuable chemicals are to be studied. For example;
in a recent project, CO2 hydrogenation is to be developed for environmental protection
and to generate a value-added chemical product (methanol). “Lab. scale” prototypes ofcatalysts, chemical reactor systems, and know-how will be developed with the target ofreaching “Technological Readiness Level (TRL)” 4-5 from TRL 2. Provided thatsurplus H2 is used, there is no need to consume other special chemicals, production ofwhich brings additional CO2 emissions.
In the framework of fuel cell technologies; hydrogen production from sodium
borohydride and natural gas are being conducted in addition to development of fuel cellstack and system sub-components, fuel cell system integration, power conditioning andcontrol, fuel cell component and stack tests, stationary and portable applications andtransportation and intelligence applications. Sodium Borohydride Vehicle and Fuel Cell
Based Micro-cogeneration System are among successful projects.
Development of PEM Type Electrolyzer: It is aimed to develop an innovative,
compact, efficient, low cost, corrosion resistant PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane)238

type electrolyzer. It will have a capacity of 10 kW in power and a Technological
Readiness Level (THS) of 6-7, and will be ready for field application by operating it ina laboratory environment. PEM type electrolyzer has been preferred because of its highefficiency, ability to start H2 production in milliseconds, robustness, reliability, ease oftransportation and distribution, low maintenance and repair costs, modular and flexible
installation. The project consists of PEM electrolyzer system design, component
development, single cell preparation and testing, module (stack) component preparation,
manufacture and testing, preparation of software of control system components, system
integration and testing.
At the renewable energy side, Solar Power and Hydroelectric Power Plants are main
research areas. TUBITAK MAM has an expertise on photovoltaic inverter development
and command and control systems for photovoltaic solar power plants. TUBITAK
MAM took the responsibilities of central inverter design and project management in theDevelopment of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Technologies (MİLGES) Project whichaims design, manufacturing and installation of photovoltaic power plant equipment with
80% local technology (for solar cells with 21% efficiency, solar panels, solar central
inverters with 1 MVA capacity, a plant automation system, a solar power plant with 6
MW capacity) in order to meet national needs. The PV power plant successfullycommissioned in the beginning of 2021.
For hydropower the research teams work on control, protection, excitation andsynchronization systems, speed regulator and generator design. With the National
Design and Manufacturing of Hydroelectric Power Plant Components (MİLHES)
Project, TUBITAK MAM has worked on design/manufacture and installation of newly
developed components (vertical francis turbine, 11 MVA synchronous generator, speed
governor, excitation system, power plant automation and prot. system, auxiliary
systems) utilizing national engineering and material resources. The manufactured items
are successfully installed and commissioned at Kepez-1 HEPP/Antalya. The project
aims to build a foundation for the variable speed turbine studies for medium/small
HEPPs to increase the efficiency at different possible flow conditions.
TUBITAK MAM successfully completed projects on wind power (RITM Project)and hydro basins water inflow (ATHOM Project) monitoring and forecasting systems.
After the completion of initial projects, larger dissemination projects were started in2020. River flow forecast and basin optimization is performed for flood prevention in239

the short term periods while energy maximization is the objective in the long run in thescope of the ATHOM Project. The natural volumetric inflow forecast success varied
between 85%-99% for the 15 months’ interval, and 89%-99.6 in the 3 months’ period.
The RITM project, used for monitoring and forecast of wind energy is active at all of
the licensed wind power plants in the country, and the 24h forecast error normalizedwith the installed capacity was realized to be below 4% in 2015. The 24h forecast errors
at the individual power plants varied between 8% and 15%.
Some of the related projects conducted by TUBITAK MAM:
•
•
•
•
•
•

TUBITAK 1007 Program -Liquid Fuel Production from Coal and Biomass
Blends (TRİJEN) (2009-2020)
Development and Localization of Thermal Power Plant Technologies (MİLTES)(2013-2017)
Development of a National Flue Gas Desulphurization System for Thermal
Power Plants (MİLKAS) (2014-2018)
Methanol Production in Tunçbilek (2013-2020)
Research and Development of Methods to Benefit from Thermal Power Plant
Surplus Heats and District Heating (TSAD) (2006-2013)
TUBITAK 1003 Program - Hydrogen Production (via Gasification) from
Biomass (2010-2013)••

Fuel Cell Based Micro-Cogeneration System (5 KWe/30 KWth) (2006-2010)
Fuel Cell Based Micro-Cogeneration System / Site Application (2 KWe)
(2016-2022)••

Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cell Vehicle (2009-2012)
Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cell Based Range Extender for Electric Vehicles(2014-2016)
TUBITAK 1007 Program -Development of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant
Technologies (2015-2020)
TUBITAK 1007 Program -National Design and Manufacturing of HydroelectricPower Plant Components (2015-2019)
Hydroelectric Power Plant Rehabilitation and Digitalization Projects (a packageof 10 hydro-power plants) (2012-2024)
Development of a Monitoring and Forecasting System for Wind Power in
Türkiye (RITM) (2012-2022)

•
•
•
•
•

River Flow Forecast and Basin Optimization Model (ATHOM) Project(2016-2023)

240

• International collaboration
International alliance/networking development
Under the coordination of TUBITAK Presidency, there are many bilateral
cooperation agreements signed with various countries at intergovernmental or interinstitutional level in the field of science and technology. Within the framework of these
agreements, joint research projects are supported and monitored and financial support isprovided for joint scientific meetings, expert exchanges, study visits and similar
activities. The programs are two types: permanent applications and calls for projects.
Many of these programs support project proposals on clean energy research anddevelopment studies. (For more information see: www.tubitak.gov.tr) TUBITAK MAM
conducted projects within the framework of these programs.
There are also MoUs signed between TUBITAK MAM and research centers abroad
which is reflected as partnerships. Additionally, a partnership with King Abdulaziz City
for Science and Technology (KACST)-Saudi Arabia is established in the fields of Solar
Inverter Systems and Power Quality Analyzers.
Moreover, TUBITAK MAM is officially a member of below internationalorganizations:• EERA AIBSL- European Energy Research Alliance• EERA Bioenergy• EERA Smart Grids• EERA Hydropower• N. ERGHY -Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative (FCH JTI)
• EUREC- The Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centers
International joint R&D activities
Joint R&D activities of TUBITAK MAM are mostly within EU Frameworkprogramme or bilateral cooperation programmes coordinated by TUBITAK Presidency.
Here is a list of the most recent international joint projects in which TUBITAK
MAM has contributions:••

Horizon Europe - HORIZON-JTI-CLEANH2-2022-06-02: H2 Valley (small
scale) - South Marmara Hydrogen Shore (HYSouthMarmara) – (2023-2027)
Horizon Europe – Decentralized Pyrolic Conversion of Agriculture and Forestry
Wastes Towards Local Circular Value Chains and Sustainability – PYRAGRAF

241

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

– (2023-2027)
ERA-NET JPP SES – Digitalization of water supply infrastructure to optimize
the Water-Energy Nexus (2022-2025)
COST Action - PEN@Hydropower (2022-2025)
Horizon Europe - HORIZON-CL5-2021-D3-03 – Hidden Hydropower – HHOPE (2022-2026)
Horizon Europe - Highly durable, low-cost membrane electrode assemblies formaritime fuel cell applications – LOCOMOTION (2022-2025)
ERA-NET ACT – Low-Cost CO2 Capture by Chemical Looping Combustionof Waste-Derived Fuels - LOUISE (2021-2024)
Twinning - Energy Storage Through Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Methanol(2022-2025)
COST Action - Waste biorefinery technologies for accelerating sustainableenergy processes - WIRE (2021-2025)

The international projects TUBITAK MAM has been involved mostly focus on threethemes:•••green energy production through hydropower
waste treatment technologieshydrogen related technologies• Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
As important as the clean & renewable energy technologies are for Türkiye’s energy
strategy in the coming years, technologies in such fields as waste processing,greenhouse gas reduction, green power generation and clean coal technologies are also
as critically important supplementary practices. Related measures and regulations thatare either currently in effect, or will soon be in effect. As TUBITAK Marmara ResearchCenter R&D on the mentioned areas (clean coal & biomass, hydrogen & fuel cell, solar& hydro) will continue both at national level and the international partnership level.

242

Dr. Dogan Gezer

2017 Group Leader, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center2007 Researcher, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center

Academic Background2018 Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, TOBB-ETU, Ankara.
2009, M.Sc. of Electrical Engineering, ODTU, Ankara.
2007 Bachelor of Electrical Engineering, ODTU, Ankara.
Dr. Dogan Gezer is a researcher at Turkish Scientific and Technological ResearchCouncil, Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK MAM) and is the head of researchgroup which is mainly focused on hydropower refurbishment. He is the leader of“Technological Evolution through Innovation & Digitalization“ working group as a partof the Pen@Hydropower COST action. He is the project coordinator of “Digitalizationof water supply infrastructure to optimize the Water-Energy Nexus” project under ERANET SES. Also, he leads a refurbishment project related with the control systems
involving SCADA system, speed governor system, excitation system, protection systemand some electrical and mechanical auxiliaries in Keban Hydropower Plant with an
installed capacity of 1.4 GW.

243

Institute/Country

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /Türkiye

Category

Subtheme

Related programs(with short summary)Technology development for hydrogen production through gasification of biomass as a renewable energy source. Hydrogen
purification and storage with related separation and purification techniques applied. Hydrogen can be used directly as fuel infuel cells or as a chemical feedstock [2016-2020].

Production /Storage2016 - 2020 (R&D span)

A Field Application of a Fuel Cell Microcogeneration Unit . Technology development for hydrogen production throughautothermal reforming of natural gas and a low temperature PEM fuel cell system. Hydrogen purification with related
purification techniques has been applied. Hydrogen which is produced by the FPU (Fuel Processing Unit) will be used directly
as fuel in fuel cell module to produce electricity (2 kWe) or as a chemical feedstock [2016-2020].
TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /Tü
rkiye

Production /Storage2015 - 2020 (R&D span)

Related with hydrogen production project/(Development of PEM Type Electrolyzer): It is aimed to develop an innovative,
compact, efficient, low cost, corrosion resistant PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) type electrolyzer. It will have a capacityof 10 kW in power and a Technological Readiness Level (THS) of 6-7 and will be ready for field application by operating it in alaboratory environment.
TÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Current

Production
2021 - 2024

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Design and validation of a novel two staged-fluidized bed
gasifier for terrestrial biomass. Development of
catalytically active candle filter. Application of pressure Dr. Yeliz Çetin
swing adsorption for hydrogen separation. Hydrogenstorage through pressurized cyllinders. Pilot scale field Dr. Hakan Karataş
tests for hydrogen production.

Partnership (if any)

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en(Domestic) Yıldız Technical University for catalyst
development, Yalova University for processmodelling

Design and integration of a microcogeneration unit using
existing conventional natural gas as a fuel feedstock.
Development and application of a microcogeneration
system including FPU and FCU (Fuel Cell Unit) , where
natural gas is used as a feedstock and integrated to a
2kWe PEM fuel cell system for residential application.
Dr. Cigdem KARADAG
Novel and compact designed PEM fuel cell for
microcogeneration. Development of a real timeembedded control system unit which is designed forboth hydrogen reformer/fuel cell and data acquisition of
the power converter. Design of an embedded dataacquisition and control system to provide a selfregulated process of the hydrogen reformer unit (FPU).

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral
Research Agency

Consists of 1 Nm3/hr PEM electrolyzer system design,
component development, single cell preparation andtesting, module (stack) component preparation,
manufacture and testing, preparation of software ofcontrol system components, system integration andtesting

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral
Research Agency

Dr. Emin Okumus

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Related with hydrogen storage project/(Blending of green hydrogen produced by surplus electricity into natural gas pipeline, pilot
application and dissemination): it is planned to produce green hydrogen by PEM electrolyzer from surplus electricity of
renewable energy.

TÜBİTAK MAM
EnergyInstitute/Turkey

Current

Storage2021 - 2024

Related with hydrogen and CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) technologies: The projects have been carried out
under four main areas: production, storage, distribution and utilizations, with studies for the preparation of a technology
research agenda, roadmap and implementation plans.

TUBITAK MAM
EnergyTechnologies /Türkiye

Road Map

2021 - 2022

Related information

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en

Installation and performances analysis of a boiler, apatented burner and a micro-cogeneration (mCHP) unit
will be determined by using blended gas mixture of greenhydrogen and natural gas. Pilot application of blending of Dr. Emin Okumus
gas mixture into BOTAŞ Yaprac ık facility pipeline will be
done. The interaction analysis and characterization ofmaterials in the pipelines will be also determined anddissemination of project concept will be evaluatedRepublic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural
Resources / BOTAŞ

https://enerji.mam.tubitak.gov.tr/en
In the project, a technology research agenda, technology
roadmap and implementation plans have been preparedin the fields of production, storage, distribution andutilization. Especially considering the energy, industry
Dr. Aslı Sayar
and transportation sectors:
With ten-year definitions, projections have been madeuntil 2053.
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Tahsin Bahar
The roadmap has included the role of hydrogen and
CCUS in the specified sectors for T ü rkiye and therecommendations on the vision, strategy andimplementation plans necessary for transformation andadaptation.

244

TENMAK- Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral
Research Agency

Institute/Country

Theme

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaSub Theme

Hydrogen Storage

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Horizon Europe: Production of metal-organic frameworks derived from waste materials for the storage ofhydrogen at 100 bar.

High pressure storage ofhydrogenCurrent

Lead person /Organization
Dr. Mike MasukumePartnership (if any)
（Domestic) University of Pretoria（International）University of
Nottingham(Desired collaboration) Institution
involved in hydrogen storage from
RD20

Related information

https://www.hysainfrastructure.org/
https://www.csir.co.za/futureproduction-chemicals

2022-

CSIR/South
AfricaCarbon Captureand Utilisation(CCU)

EnergyCurProfessor Suprakash
Sinha Roy

Sustainable aviation fuel production from bio-alcohols and anthropogenic carbon dioxide.

Prodution of sustainable aviation
fuelCurrent（Domestic) PetroSA(Desired collaboration) Petrochemical
https://www.csir.co.za/futurecompanies
production-chemicals;
https://www.petrosa.co.za/Pag
es/Home.aspx

2020Offshore roadmap forSouth Africa (2023-2024):
South Africa is one ofseven countries earmarked
by the WBG fordevelopment of an offshore
Help facilitate the establishment of an offshore wind industry in South Africa
wind roadmap

Jan-Hendrik Grobler/ CSIR

https://documents1.worldbank.
org/curated/en/3375315868942
29468/pdf/Technical-Potentialfor-Offshore-Wind-in-SouthAfrica-Map.pdf(International): World Bank Groupwww.wasa.csir.co.za/
WASA4 (2016-2026):
Establishment andmaintenance of a Wind
Atlas of South Africa

CSIR/South
AfricaRenewable energy
generation and
Extreme Weather
integration
Scenarios (2021-2024):
Partner with local power
utility to investigate andpredict the effects ofclimate change on
renewable energy
production in expectedclimate scenarios

Provide up to date wind speed and direction data to South African industry

Jan-Hendrik Grobler? CSIR(International): Danish Technical
University

Provide resilience to national utility in the light of climate change effects

Mohau Mateyisi /CSIR(Domestic): National ultility

245

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

LEAP-RE OASES (20232026): Provision of free
Provide a free energy systems modelling tool to promote inclusion of renewable energy
energy modelling software(IRENA FlexTool)

Lead person /Organization

Partnership (if any)

Renee Koen / CSIR

(International): EU

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPolicy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Development of GH 2 and PtX allocation scenarios; determination of South African PtX demand;
economics of PtX generation (per site), storage and transport; jobs and employment; infrastructure
requirements

Influencing South African policy

Mr. Thomas Roos

GIZ, Agora Energiewende,
Dechema, North West University.

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPtX techno-economics

Prefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Gauteng Province, and usage in to decarbonise Heavy
Transport

Prefeasibility of hydrogengeneration plant in Gauteng
Province

Thomas Roos /CSIRTransport Authority of Gauteng

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPtX techno-economics

Prefeasibility of green hydrogen generation in Limpopo Province, to decarbonise mining andsmeltingHeavy Transport

Prefeasibility of hydrogengeneration plant in Limpopo
Province

Thomas Roos /CSIR

Limpopo Economic Development
Agency

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
AfricaPolicy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Prefeasibility of generation, storage, bunkering and possibly export of sustainable maritime bunker fuels

Investigating policy options tostimulate sustainable maritime
bunker fuel generation anduptakeThomas Roos /CSIRWorld Bank, PRDW (port engineers),
MTBS (finance and strategy
consultant), Saldandha Bay SEZ,
Northern Cape Economic
Deevelopment Agency

Environmental; impact
CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy assessment and technoAfrica
economics

Environmental screening and techno-economics in support of Lighthouse green hydrogen projects inSouth Africa

Support to green hydrogenproject developers

Henrik Uehlecke /GFA consultants

GFA, GIZ, Saldandha Bay SEZ,
Northern Cape Economic
Deevelopment Agency

Policy support,market
creation, technoeconomics

Determination of Vietnamese PtX potential demand and potential export volumes; economics of PtX
generation (per site), storage and transport; infrastructure requirements

Hydrogen strategy for Oil and
Gas Sector in Viet Nam

Théoneste
Uhorakeye / GFA
consultants

GFA, GIZ, IE (Vietnamese company)

CSIR/South
Hydrogen Economy
Africa246

Related information
https://www.leapre.eu/2022/09/05/oasestowards-a-carbon-neutralelectrification-of-africa/

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
The UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)
Director, Professor Robert Gross

Introduction
UKERC is an interdisciplinary research consortium that involves more than 20 of the UK’s
leading universities. This focus reflects the increasingly complex landscape for energy
research and innovation and draws on UKERC’s pioneering interdisciplinary whole systems
approach. Our research addresses three questions:
1. How will global, national and local developments influence the shape and pace of the
UK’s transition towards a low carbon energy system?
2. What are the potential economic, political, social and environmental costs and benefits ofenergy system change, and how can they be distributed equitably?
3. Which actors could take the lead in implementing the next stage of the UK’s energy
transition, and what are the implications for policy and governance?
To address these questions UKERC is organised into seven research themes, four national
capabilities and a central secretariat or HQ function.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality

Research Programme Highlights
UKERC has seven interdisciplinary research themes, that span global issues to local scaleenergy system change. Our research has led to 95 journal articles and numerous working
papers, consultation responses, blogs and media appearances. Our research on the geopolitics
of transformation is now directly informing a conversation about gas system security thatdraws upon UKERC analysis going back to 2016, attracting significant media interest andengagement with the UK Parliament and government departments.
Our theme on local and regional energy includes analysis of network regulation that has
directly informed innovation funding and argues that network operators should be
incentivised to demonstrate positive social value throughout business plans.
A new multi-regional version of the model, UK TIMES, underpinned the UK Government’s
response to UK Climate Change Committee advice on Carbon Budget 6, and the UK Net
Zero Strategy.
Work on the environment is informing the development of the regional net zero hubs andassesses the environmental implications of global energy scenarios. Our infrastructure theme
has informed analysis of policy design for net zero and extensive engagement with UK
government in their Review of Electricity Market Arrangements.
Our theme on energy and mobility provides a unique approach to the interface of energy
system and transport. This work is closely interrelated with our theme on the decarbonisationof heat, which has published an open-source model and a publicly available database for half-247hourly heat demand profiles across England and Wales. Research on the quantification offlexibility from the domestic heat sector across England and Wales is currently underway. A
flexible fund project is generating critical evidence on how heat decarbonisation actions willaffect lives and livelihoods across the UK.
Finally, our work on industrial decarbonisation is providing new insights on the impact ofhigh gas prices, given the reliance on CCS and blue hydrogen in many industrial
decarbonisation plans.
National Capabilities
The Modelling Hub, Energy Data Centre (EDC), Public Engagement Observatory andTechnology and Policy Assessment (TPA) capabilities play a central role in UKERC activity.
The Modelling Hub aims to ensure that energy modelling can deliver the insights needed bypolicy and industrial decision makers, and that drive towards increasing levels oftransparency. A ground-breaking survey across the landscape of UK energy models, waswidely disseminated, collating 76 models, and receiving plaudits from BEIS, the National
Infrastructure Commission and others.
The EDC provides a comprehensive showcase of UK energy research and is an invaluable
tool for researchers and other stakeholders. EDC datasets have been accessed nearly 80,000
times in the three years of Phase 4. The Public Engagement Observatory is pioneering a new
approach to the challenges of public engagement with energy and climate change. It has
undertaken an unprecedented analysis of over 500 cases of public engagement, launched an
online database and dedicated website, published on methodology and undertaken
collaborative experiments with the public and private sector in the UK and internationally.
The TPA undertakes evidence reviews. Projects are ongoing on materials scarcity and heatpump cost reductions. A review of ‘green jobs’ highlights job creation from renewable energy
and energy efficiency and is cited in the UK Government Green Jobs Taskforce andEnvironmental Audit Committee inquiry intogreen jobs.
Impact
UKERC has a strong track record in achieving impact, ensuring the delivery of research thathas real and measurable impact on the UK energy landscape and beyond. These are wide
ranging and include high level impact on UK level policies to respond to the energy crisis,
direct input to UK government COP26 campaign that helped secure the ‘phase down coal’commitment, and ongoing work on gas security and electricity market design. Our impact
stories also include matters as diverse as the biodiversity impacts of solar farms, supporting
open data, EDI and network innovation funding. UKERC has made a significant contribution
to the analytical base, through access to and development of models, and through theirapplication to heat and industrial decarbonization.
•

International collaboration

European Energy Research Alliance
UKERC was a founder member of EERA, the largest community of energy researchorganisations in Europe. Its main purpose is to bring together European energy research248

organisations, and to contribute to European Commission objectives. UKERC has been
represented on EERA’s Executive Committee since it was founded. UKERC’s current
representative is former Director, Jim Watson. UKERC is an ‘umbrella organisation’ within
the EERA, which means that we support involvement in EERA activities from researchers
throughout the UK. We liaise with BEIS and Innovate UK regarding UK membership of
Horizon Europe and try to identify other ways in which UK energy researchers can engage.
A major focus of UKERC’s activity has been to ensure continued UK membershipand participation within EERA. Despite a commitment in principle, there is still noagreement between the UK government and the European Commission. Our work with
EERA includes participation in a series of task forces established by EERA to strengthen its
contributions to European debates about the energy transition, designed to ensure more direct
influence on European Commission strategies.
International Energy Agency (IEA)
UKERC has long-standing links to the IEA. Particular areas of shared interest include energy
system modelling and the integration of renewables into power grids, with IEA represented
on the expert group for the Phase 3 report on Variable Renewables, other examples include
the IEA work on industrial decarbonisation and has provided peer-review for IEA
publications including “The Future of Hydrogen” and “Energy Technology Perspectives
2020”.
CIGRE
UKERC is active in CIGRE – the Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques.
Low Carbon Societies Research Network (LCRS-Net)
UKERC also has a long-standing association with another Japan-hosted activity, LCRS-net.
Jim Watson attended their last in-person meeting in 2019. During 2020 and 2021 UKERC
participated in online events.
UK-SINUKERC has long-standing links to the Science and Innovation Network (UK-SIN) inoverseas consulates and embassies. Overseas visits have been constrained during Covid, withthe last in-person UK-embassy event being a ‘skill share’ delegation Rob Gross and other
UKERC contributors took part in Bogota in December 2019. We are keen to reinvigorate
these links and in late February and early March 2022, Peter Taylor participated in a virtual
UK Hydrogen Delegation to California and Texas, organised by the Consulates in San
Francisco and Houston through UK-SIN. The activity has established new contacts with arange of public and private organisations involved in developing hydrogen projects in the US
across industry and transport.
UK-international exchange on mapping public participation
The Public Engagement Observatory attended meetings with policymakers from the Dutch
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, to explore how the Observatory mapping
approach could be applied in the Dutch climate policy setting. This was followed by further
meetings and correspondence to advise on the use of this method to inform Dutch climate
policy, this collaboration and associated impact is ongoing. The application of the mapping
approach has changed how public participation is viewed and perceived by representatives inthe Dutch Ministry, leading to a change in how public participation is practiced.

249

• Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
Transforming the energy system will require cars, appliances and many consumables to alsochange, along with the behaviours of households and businesses. But in many instances the
low carbon end-use alternatives will only be viable if the infrastructure associated with theiruse is transformed. Behaviour changes can often only be enabled if new infrastructures
provide alternative means to travel (or reduce the need to travel) or ways of delivering energy
services in homes or businesses.
For these reasons, UKERC has embarked upon a series of linked projects under the headingof ‘infrastructural transformation – the first 10 years of net zero’. This interdisciplinary work
will cut across the wide-ranging themes that UKERC already encompasses and bring insights
to bear from all of the disciplinary backgrounds represented in the consortium.
Creating new sources of flexibility: The energy infrastructure of the future needs to replace
the flexibility of operation provided by the inherent ease of storage and dispatch associatedwith fossil fuel. Flexibility can be created whenever there is an opportunity to move energy
consumption patterns in time or space, or to store energy. Dedicated storage andinterconnection offer particular opportunities, but flexibility is also a function of building
fabric, heat sources and stores, appliance and vehicle design, accompanied by consumer
behaviour, information and pricing. The project combines an engineering-based assessmentof the need for flexibility and a TPA review of the options for providing it.
Going beyond societal acceptance: Much of the thinking within contemporary discussionsof infrastructure deployment and net zero still assumes an implicit ‘deficit model’ of theindividual and science communication – by framing publics narrowly as ‘consumers’ in theenergy system and emphasising the need to ‘bring people on board’ with expert-defined
visions of change. Critical work within technology studies since the mid-1990s has however
challenged the view that any simple relationship exists between such expedient engagement
and the public(s) acceptance of technologies or risk. Increasing evidence suggests that going
beyond a narrow acceptance framing of the public is crucial to realising net zero transitions inpractice. Studies have shown that infrastructure developments in the energy system can bedelayed, prevented, or fail to operate as intended without public buy in and institutional
responsiveness to public values and concerns. The research will take stock thinking aboutpublic engagement and acceptability.
Understanding environmental trade-offs: This project will assess the environmental risks
and impacts, including potential co-benefits, associated with decarbonisation, focusing on thetensions and trade-offs between net zero and environmental policies. It will draw upon andintegrate environmental, local energy systems and governance expertise within the UKERC
consortium. The evidence demonstrates that whilst renewable energy generation can have
many different trade-offs and synergies with other aspects of natural capital, this interface isonly weakly recognised in current policy instruments in different UK jurisdictions. Theintersections between these policy fields are particularly valuable for research on synergies
and conflicts, with the promise of insights into improving policy effectiveness, throughcapturing co-benefits and minimising perverse consequences.
Critical paths and interdependencies: Current energy infrastructures, end use devices,
rules, regulations and consumer expectations have co-evolved over more than two centuries.
Switching to non-fossil and more efficient systems, devices and practices creates a multitude250

of ‘chicken and egg’ conundrums. The need to coordinate electric vehicle roll out and EV
charge points, or heat pump installers and distribution network upgrades being obvious
examples. This also creates a whole set of path dependent choices that have the potential toshape the direction of subsequent changes for decades and/or to strand assets and investments.
The integrating research work will provide a flagship for our efforts. It has a particularly
important temporality in that it looks a few years beyond the very short term and is explicitly
focused on the challenges of transition.
Over the coming months, UKERC will prepare a proposal to UK Research and Innovation,
the government agency that funds academic research, for a further phase of` funding. This
will focus on delivering the energy transition, the challenge of operating energy systems withhigh renewable shares, on resilience and security, and on affordability and societal acceptance.
We welcome international collaboration in this exciting new phase.

251

Professor Robert Gross
Director, the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)

Robert is the Director of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). He is Professor of Energy
Policy and Technology at Imperial College London, where he was the Director for the Centre
for Energy Policy and Technology (ICEPT) and Director of Policy at the Energy Futures Lab.
He has extensive teaching and post-graduate training experience.
Robert is a Fellow and Council member of the Energy Institute. He is also Council member
and former Chair of the British Institute of Energy Economists (BIEE). Robert is currently amember of the Academic Advisory Panel for Ofgem (2018 to date). He has been a specialist
advisor to 3 Parliamentary Select Committees, has experience of and engagement with UK
policymaking, and has published extensively on energy policy, economics and technologicalinnovation.

252

ThemeInfrastructureand net zero

Sub
Theme

Related programs
Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)Infrastructure and net zero, the next 10 years
The project focuses on the following areas:
Net zero is an infrastructure challenge. In parallel with large scale societal, behavioural and economic- flexibilitychange, all infrastructure that surrounds human societies will need to change if we are to get even close- environmental risks
to the UK target of net zero emissions in 2050. This interdisciplinary project will explore different aspects - societal acceptanceof infrastructural transformation in order to determine which actions needs to be prioritised in the next ten - critical paths and interdependencies
years.

Brexit and zero carbon energy policy
This project, which is being delivered jointly by Chatham House and the University of Warwick, seeks tounravel and explore Brexit so that we can better understand it, what it means for energy policy andpolitics.

1. UK Energy ina Global Context

Lead person /Organization
Prof Rob Gross, Imperial
College London-Combine conceptual insights from (IPE, climate change, and energy
Prof Mike Bradshaw,
policy) scholarship in order to frame Brexit and how it relates to zero
University of Warwick
carbon energy policy;-Map the immediate implications of de-integration from the EU for current
UK energy policy, and for net zero energy policy based on documented
analysis and stakeholder engagement;-Analyse how UK energy policy is being re-oriented, as a result of Brexit,in the medium term (2020-2022) in three strategic areas: carbon andemissions trading; gas and electricity trade and interconnection between
the UK and European markets; and demand management;-Application of scenario planning methods to explore different longer-term
trajectories (2023-2030) for the UK’s net zero energy policies, as the UK reconfigures itself domestically and globally.

Related information

https://ukerc.ac.uk/research/global/
journal article: Russia’s war on Ukraine,
European energy policy responses &implications for sustainabletransformations, Energy Research &Social Science 93 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.10284
2
Briefing paper: After Brexit: Scenarios for
Clean and Secure Energy in a New World
Briefing paper: Brexit and
Decarbonisation, One Year On: Friction,
fish and fine tuning

Geopolitical economy of energy system transformation
The project explores the political consequences of patterns of supply and demand, and inter-state andmarket relations. The project is divided into five over-lapping work packages that together will provide acomprehensive assessment of the global context for the UK’s transition to net-zero.
1. UK Energy ina Global Context- Developing a theoretical framework
Prof Mike Bradshaw,- Case studies: 1. emerging global production networks that are
University of Warwick
underpinning the development of low-carbon energy technologies, 2. thechanging role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in meeting the UK gas demand- evaluation of existing ‘global energy futures’ and creation of a set of
typical decarbonisation scenarios- assessing the potential impact of energy system transformation on global
ecosystems

253

Theme2: Local andRegional Energy
Systems

2: Local andRegional Energy
Systems

2: Local andRegional Energy
Systems

Sub
Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Modelling synergies and tensions between transitions
The UK TIMES model is used by the UK Government to identify decarbonisation strategies for the UK. It
represents the UK as a single region, which means that the impacts of divergent regional and local
decision-making cannot be explored. This project focuses on the creation of a new set of scenarios.

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person /Organization

Related information
https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/modellingsynergies-tensions/

Creation of a new version of UK TIMES that splits the UK into politicalregions. This will, for the first time, enable us to explore the consequencesof divergent policy decisions made by the various UK administrations. The Prof Paul Dodds, UCL
scenarios will examine how local, regional and national energy system
contributions and costs affect energy system transitions.

Economic and industrial transitions
This project will examine how these LISs can contribute to delivering on the UK’s low carbon agenda. We
will draw-on and extend previous qualitative and quantitative analysis in England and Wales and compare
this with the results of similar research that is being undertaken in Germany, Japan and China. The
research will involve close collaboration with MCAs, LEPs and companies and will involve interviews,
Reflection on the usefulness of a variety of models or tools to inform anddeliberative workshops and pathways/scenarios informed by a range of tools and modelling techniques.
enhance local industrial partenrships.

Regulatory governance and decentralisation
This project examines how regulatory governance is being reshaped through new interactions between theenergy regulator, network companies, and key regional and local energy actors. The overall aim of the
project is to improve regulatory outcomes in terms of finding innovative solutions to the challenge of
integrating low carbon technologies whilst achieving an equitable distribution of costs between different
users of the networks.
- An analysis of OFGEM’s existing and evolving approach to stakeholder
engagement with key decentralised energy actors, including the devolved
institutions (Scotland, Wales), mayoral combined authorities (MCAs) andlocal enterprise partnerships (LEPs).
- A study of regulatory governance across the utility industries
internationally, focusing on processes of structured engagement withdecentralised actors.

254

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/economicindustrial-transitions/

Prof Peter Taylor,
University of Leeds

Blog: A local lens on industrial
decarbonisation
https://ukerc.ac.uk/news/a-local-lens-onindustrial-decarbonisation/

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/regulatorygovernance-and-decentralisation/

Dr Ronan Bolton,
Edinburgh

Journal article: Embedding Broader
Values in the Regulatory Model: An
analysis of Ofgem’s consumer value
proposition for the natural gas distributionsector
Journal article: Remaking the regulatorymodel? Taking stock of ten years ofcustomer engagement in Britain’s energy
networks

Theme2: Local andRegional Energy
Systems

Sub
Theme

Related programs
Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)
Devolution and local energ ysystem development
This project studies the institutions used to build technical, financial and governance capacities in different
UK regions, including cross sector collaboration. The research will look at case studies of regional andlocal energy system planning and development, selected to maximise inter-disciplinary insights andknowledge by working closely with the Economic & industrial transitions and Modelling synergies andCase studies of regional and local energy system planning andtensions between transitions projects.
development

The impact of renewables on ecosystem services and natural capitalThis project aims to address key knowledge gaps regarding the relationship between low carbon energy
and ecosystem services and natural capital

3: Energy
Environment andLandscapes

Lead person /Organization

Prof Jan Webb, Edinburgh

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/renewablesecosystem-services/
The focus is on the following areas:- solar, to develop an understanding of ecosystem responses to solarparks, developing a typology of solar park response, dependent on
management and location.
Prof Nicola Beaumont,- the cumulative impacts of renewable energy in Scotland, to consider the
Plymouth Marine
electrification of transport, exploring impacts from the installation ofLaboratory
electricity supply infrastructure, road building and railway extensions as ameans to decarbonize transport infrastructure.
- offshore wind farms, considering the environmental and social costs oftransitioning to 40GW of offshore wind

Data and output resolution when modelling at spatial scale
The project explores two complimetary spatial scales, the UK and the global scale, to improve theincorporation of environmental implications in energy system models
3: Energy
Environment andLandscapes

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/resolutionmodelling-scale/-Development of global models representing the interactions between
energy system, biodiversity and natural capital

Dr Rob Holland,
University ofSouthampton

National scale spatial modelling
The project aims to improve national scale spatial modelling by incorporating considerations surface water
availability and quality, air quality and renewable connection to the transmission and distribution networks.
3: Energy
Environment andLandscapes

Related information

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/national-scalespatial-modelling/

Further development of a modelling tool

255

Prof Brett Day, Universityof Exeter

Theme3: Energy
Environment andLandscapes

Sub
Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person /Organization

Related information

Tools to support decision making
https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/decisionThe trend towards decarbonisation and decentralisation of energy systems has created growing
making-tools/
awareness of the potential interactions with other land uses and the need to give greater consideration to Modelling tools will be co-developed to enable the assessment of trade-offs
the spatial dimension of energy supply and demand. This project is developing spatial modelling tools that between objectives and identify investment priorities. This will allow
can sit with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software.
customised modelling to address issues such as the impacts on energy
Prof Andrew Lovett, UEA
systems of new housing developments, constraints on land use and tradeoffs between objectives.

Incumbents and new entrants
The project explores the role of different actors, incumbent and new entrants to assess the effect ofdifferent commercial and regulatory encironments.
This project is developing novel agent-based simulation to assess the
choices that different investors are likely to make under different
commercial and regulatory environments. It will identify key decision points Prof Neil Strachan, UCL
and compare the infrastructure that emerges with that suggested byidealised, whole energy system models such as UK-TIMES

4: Energy
Infrastructure
Transitions

Resilience of the future energy system
This project is focusing on a combination of sectoral modelling and case studies to explore a futureenergy system which is likely to be characterised by more variable renewable resources which will be lesscontrollable than current fossil electricity generation.

4: Energy
Infrastructure
Transitions

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/incumbentsand-new-entrants/

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/resiliencefuture-system/
Journal article: Social vulnerability andresilience to urban energy disruptions in adigital society in Scotland
The project aims to:-examine the engineering risks, and assess the need for new industry
standards to drive appropriate action;-conduct a systematic assessment of impacts on consumers and criticalservices, such as heating, water, communications, health and transport.

256

Consultation response: JCNSSI Inquiry:
Critical national infrastructure and climate
Prof Keith Bell, University
adaptationof Strathclyde
Working paper: The impacts of energy
disruptions on society

Theme4: Energy
Infrastructure
Transitions

4: Energy
Infrastructure
Transitions

4: Energy
Infrastructure
Transitions

Sub
Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person /Organization

Related information

Infrastructure investment
This project looks at the role of government policy and regulation as a driver of private investment in theenergy transition. The starting point for this research is that financial returns, together with risk and
The research is exploring:
uncertainty are key elements in private decisions to invest in long-term energy supply and infrastructure- views from the finance sector on the risk profiles and uncertainties in the
projects. In turn, government policies and regulations, as well as market designs, can play a decisive partenergy sector, and how these are assessed and managed; and the role ofin shaping the risk profile of projects.
market and regulatory frameworks, and implications for policy design;- views from policy makers on how a deeper understanding of finance and
Dr Will Blyth, Oxford
investor perspectives could help reduce delivery risk against policy goals;
Energy Associates
and an assessment of future market & policy design options across theenergy system.
While the focus of the research will be based on UK examples, theintention is for the research to also be applicable to a wider international
context and have impact beyond the UK.

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/infrastructureinvestment/

Governance of continuity and changeThis project investigates how infrastructure governance in the UK may need to change for net-zero.
Governance approaches consider not just specific policies and regulations, but also encompass the rulesof how policy and regulation are developed and managed. With the transformational speed and scale ofinfrastructural change that net-zero requires, it’s not clear that the current system of UK energy
infrastructure governance can support the transition.

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/governancecontinuity-change/

The project examines three case studies where considerable change isrequired:- buildings as infrastructure- offshore wind
- networks

Working paper: Energy Transition
Investment Confidence: Mapping UK
Government Decision-Making andTracking Delivery

Working paper: Models of governance forenergy infrastructure
Dr Peter Conor,
University of Exeter

Public attitudes and decarbonised heat
https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/publicIntroducing low carbon, sustainable heat systems will involve changes to both energy supply and demand,
attitudes-heat/including energy efficiency measures and new technologies such as heat pumps, low carbon gas(hydrogen), and district heating systems. This project aims to generate new knowledge on public
The project is comprised of two parts:
acceptance of future heating changes.
- a review of previous studies of public engagement with decarbonised
heat, drawing upon UK and international experience as well as exploratory
qualitative data analysis across some existing datasets;
Prof Nick Pidgeon, Cardiff- a quantitative survey of the UK general public in the UK. We will include University
a decision pathway element in this survey(ref 1), exploring how different
people choose between different options that are relevant to their heat‘needs’ and ‘circumstances’.

257

Theme5: Energy for
Mobility

Sub
Theme

Related programs
Lead person /Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)Organization
International supply chains for vehicles and batteries
In collaboration with the Industrial Decarbonisation research activity and a Prof Jilian Anable,
This project examines the energy, environmental and trade implications of the emerging global production Leeds PhD studentship, the project is using detailed Multi Region Input
University of Leeds
networks for vehicles and batteries.
Output models to track supply chain implications, state of the art life-cycle
techniques to examine environmental consequences and macroeconomic
modelling to examine potential impacts on the wider economy.

Related information
https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/vehiclesupply-chains/

5: Energy for
Mobility

Interactions between sectors in the delivery of low carbon aviation and shippingThis project examines competition for alternative fuels, with an emphasis on the social, political andeconomic interests involved and the international nature of the aviation and shipping industries.

By examining how technical and infrastructure requirements, legal &Dr Christian Brand,
governance regimes and economic processes influence supply chains, this University of Oxford
project will identify opportunities and constraints for decarbonization inchallenging sectors of the economy .
Prospective alternative fuel pathways will be modelled using UKERC’s‘TEAM’ model, and a roadmap of feedstock availability for aviation andshipping will be produced. The project will build on the Shipping in Changing
Climates consortium and longitudinal data on demand for long distancetravel from CREDS.

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/low-carbonaviation-and-shipping/

5: Energy for
Mobility

Energy pathways for emerging mobility systems
This project maps the critical interdependencies between three principal innovations that dominate
versions of future personal mobility and energy pathways for combined transitions:- Electric propulsion (EV)- Automated and connected vehicles (ACV)- New mobility services (NMS) including models of ICT-enabled shared ownership/accessUsing established local transport system models and the ‘Activity Level,
Prof Jilian Anable,
Modal Share, Energy Intensity, Fuel Carbon Content’ (ASIF) framework
University of Leeds
adopted by the UN, the potential synergies and conflicts between EV, ACV
and NMS are being tested under a range of future scenarios. Decision
Theatres are being used in two case study locations to enable stakeholders
from transport, planning and technology to develop visualisations of futurescenarios and analyse options to mitigate potential impacts on energy
demand.

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/emergingmobility/

5: Energy for
Mobility

Ecosystem service outcomes of transport electrification
This project explores the environmental implications of transport electrification using ecosystem service
and natural capital approaches.

Together with the Energy, Environment and Landscapes activity, we areassessing the environmental, health and economic costs and benefits ofroad transport electrification over time and space. The analysis is using
GIS tools to support decision making, developing and quantifying energy
and transport scenarios, and performing environmental LCA and economic
valuations.
Using ‘real world’ emissions testing data we are also developing indices of
the health costs from air pollution from thousands of vehicle makes andmodels on a ‘vehicle lifetime’ basis.

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/ecosystemtransport/

258

Prof Brett Day, Exeter
University

Theme5: Energy for
Mobility

Sub
Theme

Related programs
Lead person /Related information
Target / Goal Outcome(with short summary)Organization
Sustainable Transpor tand Planning Electric (STAPLE)
The commission process is a series of deliberative workshops bringing
Dr Gavin Killip, University https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/sustainableThe STAPLE project is holding a commission to investigate the governance of EV charging in new housing together different stakeholders to explore:of Oxford
transport-and-planning-electric/
developments in England.
1) the complex interactions, challenges and opportunities presented by theThis inter-disciplinary project brings together expertise in transport studies, electricity network
new regulation
management, house-building and the spatial Planning system. The commission will consider the2) the importance of productive coordination across these sectors forgovernance of all these different systems, taking account of the rules, norms and technologies involved. delivering positive outcomes and workable allocations of risks and rewards
for different stakeholders (from spatial planning, electricity network supply
and operation, EV charge point provision, and housing development).

5: Energy for
Mobility

Preparing the power network for electric vehicles
A spatial assessment of EV uptake, depot and home charging capacity and Prof Jilian Anable,
This project explores the geography of vehicle electrification, interactions with the electrification of
temporal rhythms of use will be compared to scenarios of uptake for heat Universiy of Leeds
buildings, and the associated infrastructure implications.
pumps and PV generation in domestic and commercial settings.
Who will buy EVs and where they will be used and recharged is still uncertain. In this project we are using In case study locations across the UK we are assessing the ‘headroom’ ofa UK dataset of all cars and vans, covering mileage, use patterns and location to assess the ‘energy
network capacity, diversity of electrical loads, and the costs of adding
budget’ of vehicle fleets in time and space.
more capacity. In particular this will explore interactions between
centralised charging (e.g. at workplaces and forecourts), ‘at home’ charging
and options for ‘smart’ networks.

6: Energy
Systems for
Heat

Heat supply in local systems
This project will assess and quantify the different low carbon heat options at a local scale, includinginterdependencies between heat and other energy vectors and the potential contribution from industrial
waste/residual heat.

Cost-benefit and risk analysis will be used to understand synergies andtrade-offs between singular and diverse heat solutions in specific areas.
This will include assessment of the performance of heat pump clusters
under average and extreme weather conditions using high resolution heatpump data.

6: Energy
Systems for
Heat

Heat as a source of flexibility
This project will investigate the flexibility implications of low carbon heat, building on detailed dynamic
models of heating systems.

The project will quantify flexibility from individual heating assets and coProf Jianzong Wu, Cardiff https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/heat-systemsordination of multiple assets, in terms of energy flows, rates of change,
University
flexibility/
durations and costs. Centralised co-ordination methods will be comparedwith decentralised solutions, especially independent local control and Peerto-Peer energy trading based co-ordination. This will include analysis of thepotential role of low-temperature district heating systems (e.g. abstraction
from rivers or the use of disused mines).

259

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/preparing-forevs/

Prof Jianzong Wu, Cardiff https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/heat-supplyUniversity
local-systems/

Theme6: Energy
Systems forHeat

7: Industrial
Decarbonisation

Sub
Theme

Related programs(with short summary)

Decarbonisation of heat
This project will review the international status of the full range of low-carbon heat technologies andinfrastructures including electrification and hydrogen, and how policies have driven their deployment.

Lead person /Related information
Organization
A novel set of diverse, whole systems scenarios for heat will be developed, Prof Jianzong Wu, Cardiff https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/decarbonisatio
including narratives of policy, behavioural and market changes, and be
University
n-of-heat/refined through stakeholder engagement.
Journal article: Energy demand reduction
The project will also investigate the aggregation and scaling up of local
options for meeting national zerodiversity within these scenarios, and the potential UK-wide impacts. Thisemission targets in the United Kingdom:
will provide a new capability to quantify the impact of different heat
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022scenarios on physical network constraints. Techno-economic long-term
01057-yperformance (in terms of costs, emissions and security) of the wholeenergy system will be evaluated to understand impacts of local heating
Working paper - Seasonal Storage ofchoices on national energy infrastructure.
Heat in Boreholes:
https://ukerc.ac.uk/publications/seasonalstorage-of-heat-in-boreholes-a-key-todecarbonise-the-heat-sector/
Target / Goal Outcome

Industry model development
This theme uses the Net-Zero Industry Pathways (N-ZIP) model, developed by Element Energy to informthe work of the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and the UK Government, to explore the impact ofchanging key input parameters on the industrial decarbonisation pathways to 2050.

Working paper: Sensitivity analysis of net
zero pathways for UK industry https://ukerc.ac.uk/publications/sensitivit
y-nzip/The deep decarbonisation of industry is vital if the UK is to reach net zero
emissions by 2050. This project analyses the robustness of the N-ZIP
model results that are being used to inform policy decisions.

7: Industrial
Decarbonisation

Prof Peter Taylor,
University of Leeds

Sustainable Food Cold-Chains
This project will update and add to current information on energy and carbon emissions from the cold
chain. It will assess future cold chain emissions, based on business as usual and identify routes the cold
The project provides comprehensive evidence-driven roadmaps for the UK
chain can follow to become zero carbon by 2050.
food cold chain to help them achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050 whilestill:
Prof Judith Evans,-nutritiously and resiliently feeding the UK,
London South Bank
-protecting the livelihoods and well-being of our farmers, fishers and food
University
producers, and-supporting the transition to new renewables energy resources andassociated energy vectors, in a warming world.

260

Article: Will electricity network
constraints hamper the decarbonisationof UK industry? https://ukerc.ac.uk/news/will-electricitynetwork-constraints-hamper-thedecarbonisation-of-uk-industry/

https://ukerc.ac.uk/project/sustainablefood-cold-chains/
Journal article: Baseline Refrigeration
Emissions in the UK https://ukerc.ac.uk/publications/baselinerefrigeration-emissions-in-theuk/download

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Clean Energy Technologies
at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

Martin Keller, Ph.D.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA• Introduction

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) advances the science and engineering ofenergy efficiency, sustainable transportation, and renewable power technologies and provides
the knowledge to integrate and optimize energy systems with the vision of a clean energy future
for the world. NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory.
NREL plays a leading role in the transition to an advanced, sustainable, and low-carbon energy
system for our nation and the world, helping meet DOE’s goals of 100% carbon-pollution-freeelectricity by 2035 and a net-zero-emissions economy by 2050. NREL has a diverse team ofover 3,000 researchers and staff from 70 countries dedicated to the energy transformation.

• Clean Energy Technology R&D for Carbon Neutrality

To meet the growing challenges and opportunities associated with climate change, urbanization,
economic development, electrification, cyberthreats, and resource competition, NREL has
developed three critical objectives to guide the lab’s work—Integrated Energy Pathways,
Electrons to Molecules, and Circular Economy for Energy Materials(https://www.nrel.gov/about/vision.html).

261

NREL’s three critical objectives guide the lab’s research at a strategic level.

NREL’s Integrated Energy Pathways research focuses on developing foundational
knowledge and technologies to integrate renewable energy, buildings, energy storage, andtransportation, thereby modernizing our energy systems and ensuring a secure and resilientelectric grid.
NREL’s Electrons to Molecules research is focused on the efficient interconversion ofelectrical and chemical energy, including using electrolysis and other electrically driven
processes to create chemicals, fuels, materials, and other products as well as developing
pathways for energy storage.
NREL’s Circular Economy for Energy Materials research seeks to achieve sustainability by
developing new concepts for reuse, recycling, and upcycling as well as by designing newtechnologies and products with life cycle and circularity considerations from the start. The goal
is to reduce waste and ameliorate any materials limitations in the large-scale development anddeployment of energy technologies required for our energy transformation. In addition, NREL’s
work in this area is contributing to the upcycling of plastics, helping to address the enormous
challenge posed by waste plastics in our oceans and landfills.

262

• Specific Research Activities
Renewable Energy

Advanced scientific research in renewable power remains central to NREL’s mission, withfoundational work taking place in solar (photovoltaics and concentrating solar power), wind,
water, and geothermal energy. Our research couples innovation and discovery with analysis
and systems integration to accelerate both the deployment of current technologies and thedevelopment of new technologies.
For example, our work on photovoltaics spans materials discovery, interfacial science, newcell architectures, device fabrication, durable module materials, reliability, accelerated
testing, market analysis, and grid integration. This work enables reliable, low-cost solar
energy at scale, both on the grid and beyond the grid, by:•Integrating large amounts of solar energy into the power grid while maintaining security
and reliability and enhancing resilience•

Improving the efficiency, lifetime, and manufacturability of photovoltaic materials•

Developing technologies for a third generation of concentrating solar power plants tofurther reduce costs and improve thermal storage capabilities•

Capturing surplus solar energy to provide heat and produce fuels and clean water•

Creating flexible, highly efficient solar cells that can make low-cost power available
without wires anywhere the sun shines•

Making solar an even better investment through work on bankability, reliability, andrecyclability.

Integrated Energy Pathways

A power sector free of carbon emissions in the near term will require tremendous advancementin:•

Developing clean energy technologies

263

•

Integrating clean energy technologies into the grid•

Developing large amounts of energy storage•

Electrifying transportation systems•

Using smart building technologies•

Maintaining system security and resilience against human and natural threats.

These advancements will involve millions of interconnected devices, multiple types ofgeneration sources, more variable loads, and increased operational autonomy across all devices.
The Integrated Energy Pathways critical objective aims to modernize our grid to support a highlevel of renewable energy integration, incorporates storage and advanced controls, and expands
transportation electrification while maintaining grid reliability and security. Research,development, analysis, and deployment will accelerate progress toward a carbon-emission-free
power sector.
Three key goals drive most of NREL’s energy storage research: higher energy density,
longer life, and greater adoption. Our energy storage research includes basic and appliedresearch, lifetime and deployment models, grid integration, system design, and collaborative
research with partners in industry. NREL’s work in this space includes electrochemicalstorage (both for stationary and transportation applications), chemical storage, and thermal
storage. NREL’s research also aims to develop and improve power-electronics-based
technologies, which will be increasingly deployed in the future for the management ofenergy grids. NREL’s work includes detailed modeling and analysis of energy storage
deployment and development needs.
NREL also conducts energy management systems research, including:•Renewable electricity-to-grid integration•

Vehicle-to-grid integration•

Renewable fuels-to-grid integration•

High-performance computing, analytics, and visualization•

Large-scale numerical simulation•

Demand response in smart home and building systems•

Microgrids.

264

NREL recently launched Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES), a uniqueresearch platform that can mirror the scale and complexity of the evolving energy system.
ARIES addresses the fundamental challenges of variability in the physical size of the newenergy technologies being added to energy systems, control of tens of millions ofinterconnected devices, and integration of diverse technologies.
Electrons to Molecules

Electrons to Molecules focuses on electricity-driven processes for the future generation ofrenewable hydrogen, net-zero fuels, chemicals, and materials. Key research areas include:•

Renewable hydrogen•

Decarbonization of biofuels and bio-based routes to chemicals and materials•

Reactive capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2)•Generation of net-zero carbon fuels•

Decarbonization of industry processes and production of goods and materials.

Our scientists and engineers actively conduct research that contributes to DOE’s H2@Scaleinitiative. NREL leads or plays a leading role in a number of R&D consortia in hydrogenproduction, storage, delivery, and utilization, including:•

H2NEW:

Hydrogenfrom

Next-Generation

Electrolyzers

of

Water

(https://h2new.energy.gov/)•

HydroGEN: Advanced Water Splitting Materials (https://h2awsm.org/)•

HyMARC:

HydrogenMaterials

Advanced

Research

Consortium(https://www.hymarc.org/)•

HyBlend: Opportunities for Hydrogen Blending in Natural Gas Pipelines(https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hyblend-opportunities-hydrogen-blendingnatural-gas-pipelines)•

M2FCT: Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (https://millionmilefuelcelltruck.org/).

265

NREL has decades of experience in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis and fuel cellscience and technology, including electrocatalysis, membranes, durability, and stack testing.
Researchers at NREL are now applying these capabilities to the electrolytic production ofhydrogen from water splitting.
In NREL’s Electrons to Molecules initiative, researchers are using electricity andelectrochemical processes to convert low-energy molecules such as water (H2O), carbon dioxide(CO2), and nitrogen (N2) to higher-value molecules.
For example, NREL is exploring a number of electrocatalytic, biological, and hybrid approaches
for CO2 utilization, such as:•

Electrochemical splitting of water for the generation of hydrogen and subsequent
reduction of CO2•

Oxidation of water, coupled with electrochemical reduction of CO2, to intermediates suchas CO, formate, methanol, methane, and/or higher-carbon-number compounds•

Conversion of CO2-derived reactive intermediates to higher-carbon-number molecules(with or without hydrogen) via either catalytic or biological processes•

Generation of molecules that store electrons within easily accessible chemical bonds•

Microbial electrosynthesis that uses either light or electrons to drive biological systems.

In collaboration with industry, NREL demonstrated the direct methanation of CO2 using bioorganisms and hydrogen from electrolytic water splitting. We are also exploring the couplingof semiconductors with nitrogenase enzymes to efficiently reduce nitrogen to ammonia.
NREL’s bioenergy research is focused on producing sustainable aviation fuels, diesel forheavy-duty fleets, and marine fuels by exploring a broad portfolio of feedstocks andtechnologies. Feedstocks range from woody biomass to corn stover, corn starch, municipal
solid waste, wet waste (including sludge), algae, and even CO2.

266

Circular Economy for Energy Materials

Decarbonization will require rapid deployment of clean energy technologies, which will demandlarge amounts of materials—currently including scarce or critical materials. Ensuring thesematerials are available in the necessary quantities and at their highest value and function will
necessitate a robust circular economy for energy materials. To reduce supply chain limitations
across energy technologies, NREL is:•

Developing novel, low-emissions materials•

Creating design architectures to increase recyclability•

Designing manufacturing processes that reduce material use•

Increasing technology lifetimes•

Conducting social, economic, and regulatory analyses that support a circular economy
for energy materials.

We are also developing end-of-life material recovery strategies to ensure these materials are notdisposed of in landfills (as is the common practice today) but continue to provide societal value.
NREL is a partner in the Argonne National Laboratory-led ReCell Center, a collaboration ofresearchers from industry, academia, and national laboratories that is working to develop direct
recycling processes and increase the value of recycling (https://recellcenter.org/). NREL also has
research and analysis programs on circularity and recycling for wind and photovoltaics(https://www.nrel.gov/pv/sustainability.html)—two areas where international collaboration canspur innovation.
Energy Justice
NREL aims to accelerate the clean energy transition broadly, prioritizing equitable distributionof social, economic, and health benefits and burdens across all segments of society. In alignment
with DOE’s vision of energy justice, NREL works to ensure an energy transition in which
solutions are inclusively designed and benefits are equitably distributed(https://www.nrel.gov/about/energy-justice.html). NREL is a leader in applied clean energy
practices, working with thousands of communities nationally and around the world, many of267

which have been historically underserved in terms of access to clean energy or its benefits.
NREL’s Clean Energy to Communities program (https://www.nrel.gov/state-local-tribal/cleanenergy-to-communities.html) connects local governments, tribes, electric utilities, andcommunity-based organizations with national laboratory experts and customized, cutting-edge
analysis to achieve clean energy systems that reflect local and regional priorities.

The Clean Energy to Communities program provides tailored support
to transform community clean energy ambitions into tangible results.

The Solar Energy Innovation Network (https://www.nrel.gov/solar/market-researchanalysis/solar-energy-innovation-network.html) seeks to overcome barriers to solar adoption byconnecting teams of stakeholders from underserved communities that are pioneering new ideas
with the resources they need to succeed. Teams develop their ideas in real-world contexts,
yielding results that can unlock tomorrow’s solar markets.

• International Collaboration

NREL collaborates with partners from over 80 countries. Much of this collaboration iscentered around partnerships, including the Net Zero World Initiative, the U.S. Agency forInternational Development (USAID), Clean Energy Ministerial, and a wide range of268

international energy collaboration programs (https://www.nrel.gov/international/globalpartnerships.html).
For example, the Net Zero World Initiative is a whole-of-government approach that helps
interested countries by providing:•Access to expert technical, deployment, and investment assistance•

Financial support to in-country technical institutions•

Deep collaboration to develop technical and investment plans and support
implementation.

NREL also works with international research partners to discuss and set research goals. In
partnership with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, NREL has led three Terawatt
Workshops (https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2023/news-release-next-decade-decisive-forpv-growth-on-the-path-to-2050.html) that bring together technical leaders from a number ofcountries to discuss the status, challenges, and research needs for the large-scale
development and deployment of photovoltaics.
NREL has provided analyses and assessments of renewable energy deployment and manyother energy scenarios for a wide number of countries and regions. NREL also conducts incountry project work that is made possible through partnerships with many organizations
and sponsors.
The RD20 Leaders Statement codifies the need for international collaboration to accelerateinnovation for a clean energy transformation. Workshops, summer schools, and clear
standards for analysis/assessment are all good starting points for enhancing interactions.
NREL is keen to help launch these concepts as well as other areas identified, such asincreased communication, task forces, and researcher exchange.

• Future Perspectives Toward Carbon Neutrality

Securing a clean and equitable energy future will require accelerating both the deployment of
current technologies and the development of new or improved concepts and technologies. A
systems-based approach is essential to spur the entire innovation ecosystem from the discoveryof new materials to the development and deployment of integrated energy systems. We must
develop and deliver solutions that enable all people to participate in and benefit from thetransition to sustainable energy. The urgency requires an “all-hands-on-deck” approach.
International collaboration can accelerate the needed innovation and integration.

269

Martin Keller, Ph.D.
Director, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Martin Keller has served as director of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) andpresident of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy (the company that operates NREL for the U.S.
Department of Energy) since 2015. Under his leadership, the number of full-time employees at
NREL has increased by more than 32%. Martin is a visionary leader who is committed to people,
teams, and partnerships. He innovatively and pragmatically applies private sector best practices
at NREL to achieve game-changing scientific outcomes. Working collaboratively with hisleadership team, Martin developed a strategy for NREL focused on three key initiatives:
Integrated Energy Pathways, Circular Economy for Energy Materials, and Electrons to
Molecules. This strategy drives advanced scientific research, programs, projects, andpartnerships at NREL. For example, NREL’s partnership portfolio—which includes Eaton
Corporation, Wells Fargo, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, the New York State Energy Research andDevelopment Authority, and more than 900 private and public sector organizations—has
generated over $1 billion of research and development for the laboratory.
From 2006 to 2015, Martin led energy, biological, and environmental research programs at Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). His efforts culminated in being promoted to serve as theassociate laboratory director for the Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate during hislast six years at ORNL.
Earlier in his career, Martin’s dedicated work in a variety of research management positions atDiversa Corporation enhanced and developed the microbiology expertise of this biotech

270

company.
Currently, Martin is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement Science(AAAS), and he recently retired as chair of the AAAS Industrial Science and Technology
Section. In addition, he is a member of the Scientific Advisory Council for Jülich
Forschungszentrum and serves on numerous other scientific advisory boards.
Martin received his Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Regensburg in Germany.

271

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Energy Analysis

NREL conducts credible, objective
analysis; develops tools; and builds data
resources that inform our transition to asecure, clean, and affordable energy
future.

Current

ongoing

Net Zero World Initiative leverages expertise across U.S. government agencies and Department of Energy(DOE) national laboratories, in partnership with other governments and philanthropies, to accelerate thedecarbonization of global energy systems.

EnergyAnalysisCurrent

2022- present

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
https://www.nr
industry, academia,
el.gov/analysi
Dan Bilello/NREL
national labs,s/index.html
international, …

Uses a whole-of-government approach toaddress energy-systemwide and specificdecarbonization measures andapproaches for the following sectors:
buildings, transport, power, industry,
storage, nuclear, carbon capture andgeologic storage, and energy use inagriculture.

Ron Benioff,
Caroline
Uriarte/NREL

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
industry, academia,
national labs,
international, …

NREL's Energy Systems Integration
Facility (ESIF) accelerates the efficienttransition to future energy systems thatare secure, resilient, reliable, affordable,
and clean.

Juan
Torres/NREL

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
https://www.nr
industry, academia,
el.gov/esif/ind
national labs,
ex.htmlinternational, …

NREL advances critical science andtechnology through innovative researchand development to improve the nation's
electrical grid infrastructure, making it
more flexible, reliable, resilient, secure,and sustainable.

Juan
Torres/NREL

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
https://www.nr
industry, academia,
el.gov/grid/ind
national labs,
ex.htmlinternational, …

NREL accelerates energy transitions
through a system-of-systems approachthat considers technology, policy, social,
and market systems. We inform
technology and policy research at NREL
through mission-driven work to assist
partners at home and around the world in
meeting ambitious energy goals.

Juan
Torres/NRELJohneyGreen/NREL

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
industry, academia,
national labs,
international, …

https://www.nr
el.gov/internati
onal/net-zeroworld.html

NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility

Energy Systems
Integration Facility

Current

2011 -

Grid Modernization
Current

2011 Grid Modernization
EnergySystems
Integration
NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility
Current

ongoing
Integrated Energy
Solutions272

https://www.nr
el.gov/energysolutions/inde
x.htmlThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

Silicon Consortium Project, funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Tackle the barriers associated with thedevelopment of advanced lithium-ion
negative electrodes based on silicon as
the active material, with a specific focus
on understanding the formation andevolution of the solid-electrolyte
interphase to solve the calendar life
challenge currently limiting thedevelopment of silicon anodes.

Current

2019 - 2025
Battery Materials andDurability

Anthony
Burrell/NREL

NREL and other
U.S. national labs
(Argonne, Sandia,
Oak Ridge, PacificNorthwest, andLawrence Berkeley)

Current

ReCell, VTO's advanced battery recycling R&D center to advance recycling technologies along the entire
battery life cycle for current and future battery chemistries
Current

2020 - 2025

Battery Recycling

Make battery recycling profitable byrecovering high-value materials; design
processes to optimize yield, productivity,and cost; ensure future supplies ofenergy storage critical materials forincreased national security.

RelatedInformation
https://www.nr
el.gov/transpo
rtation/siliconanodeconsortium.ht
mlhttps://recellc
enter.org
Argonne, NREL, andJeffrey
other national
Spangenberger/
laboratories,
Argonne National
universities, andLaboratorycompanies

Energy Systems Integration
Current

Energy systems research, development,
and demonstration, where newtechnologies are evaluated using state-ofthe-art equipment and resources.

2011 -

Grid Storage andIntegration

Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES), a research platform that can match thecomplexity of the modern energy system and conduct integrated research to support the development ofgroundbreaking new energy technologies
Current

Large-Scale Testing

EnergyStorage2020 -ARIES unites research capabilities atmultiple scales and across sectors tocreate a platform for understanding the full
impact of energy systems integration.

Juan
Torres/NRELJohneyGreen/NREL
Jennifer
Kurtz/NREL.
Jerry
Davis/NREL

Industry, academia,
national laboratories,
https://www.nr
consortia
https://www.nrel.gov el.gov/esif//esif/work-withus.html

Industry, industrial
consortia, academia, https://www.nr
el.gov/aries/
NGOs, othernational labs

Energy Storage R&D, Analysis, and Modeling
Energy Storage forTransportation andMobility

NREL innovations accelerate thedevelopment of high-performance, costeffective, and safe energy storage
systems to power the next generation ofelectric-drive vehicles (EDVs).

Current

ongoing273

JohneyGreen/NREL
Matt
Keyser/NRELJohn
Farrell/NREL

Wide range ofpartners

https://www.nr
el.gov/transpo
rtation/energy-storage.html

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

U.S. DOE nationallab consortium

https://www.nr
el.gov/transpo
rtation/behindthe-meterstorageconsortium.ht
mlBehind-the-Meter Storage
Current

Develop energy storage technologies forstationary applications below 10
megawatt-hours. Target the developmentof innovative critical-material-free energy
storage technologies to minimize the needfor significant upgrades to the electricgrid. Such technologies could also
eliminate excess demand charges thatelectric vehicle fast charging would incurusing current technologies.

2019-

Behind-the-Meter
Storage

Anthony
Burrell/NRELThis work leverages battery storage
solutions that can discharge at high power
but recharge at standard lower-powerrates—essentially acting as power
reservoirs bridging the gap between thegrid and on-site energy generation
technologies such as photovoltaics.

Energy Storage R&D, Analysis, and Modeling
Advance the viability of thermal energy
storage (TES) as a building
Roderickdecarbonization resource for a highly
Jackson/NREL Wide range of
renewable energy future. Thermal storage
Judithpartners
from CSP work for long-duration energy
Vidal/NREL
storage.

Current

Thermal Energy
Storageongoing

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Development
Hydrogen and Fuel
Cells

NREL's hydrogen and fuel cell research islowering the cost and increasing the scaleof technologies to make, store, move, anduse hydrogen across multiple energy
sectors.

Current

ongoing

Hydrogen From Next-Generation Electrolyzers of Water (H2NEW), a consortium of nine DOE national
laboratories focused on making large-scale electrolyzers—which produce hydrogen from electricity andwater—more durable, efficient, and affordable
Current

2021- 2026

Production274

Address components, materials
integration, and manufacturing R&D to
overcome technical barriers and enable
manufacturable electrolyzers that meetrequired cost, durability, and performancetargets, simultaneously, to enable $2/kg
hydrogen by 2026.

https://www.nr
el.gov/buildings/storage.html

Keith
Wipke/NREL

Industry, academia,
https://www.nr
national laboratories,
el.gov/hydrog
consortia,
en/index.html
international

Bryan
Pivovar/NRELDOE national lab
consortium led by
NREL, Idaho
National Laboratory, https://h2new.
energy.gov/
and Lawrence
Berkeley National
Laboratory with six
other national labs

ThemeSubtheme

Related Programs(with short summary)

Lead Person/Organization

Target/Goal Outcome

HydroGEN Consortium for Advanced Water Splitting Materials, a consortium that facilitates collaborations
between federal laboratories, academia, and industry for photoelectrochemical, high- and low-temperatureelectrolysis, and solar thermochemical processes

Accelerate research, development, anddeployment of advanced water splitting
technologies for clean, sustainablehydrogen production.

Current

2016 - 2026

Huyen
Dinh/NREL

Current

Hydrogen2021- 2026
Storage

Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (M2FCT), a DOE-funded consortium formed by five primary national labs
Current

2020- 2026

Utilization

Current

Led by the NREL
and includes
Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory,
Sandia National
Laboratories, Idaho
National Laboratory,
and Lawrence
Livermore National
Laboratory.
HydroGEN is fundedby DOE’s Hydrogenand Fuel Cell
Technologies Officein the Office ofEnergy Efficiency
and Renewable
Energy.

https://www.hymarc.org
Mark
Sandia National
Allendorf/Sandia Laboratories, NREL,
Provide foundational understanding,National
Pacific Northwest
synthetic protocols, new characterization
Laboratories
National Laboratory,
tools, and validated computational models(Co-Director) Lawrence Livermore
to accelerate discovery of solid-phaseTom
National Laboratory,
and liquid materials that meet industry
Gennett/NREL and Lawrence
requirements.
(Co-Director and Berkeley National
Task Lead)
Laboratory

https://million
Rod Borup/Los Los Alamos National milefuelcelltru
ck.org/Alamos National Laboratory,
Overcome durability and efficiency
Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley
challenges in proton exchange membrane
AdamNational Laboratory,
fuel cells (PEMFCs) for heavy-duty
Weber/Lawrence Argonne National
applications with an initial focus on longBerkeley
Laboratory, NREL,
haul trucks.
National
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Laboratory
C

275

RelatedInformation
https://h2aws
m.org

Production

Hydrogen Materials Advanced Research Consortium (HyMARC), a consortium that addresses gaps infoundational knowledge needed to accelerate materials discovery and performs synthesis andcharacterization of advanced storage material concepts

Partnership (if any)

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme
DOE H2@Scale Initiative

Current

ongoing
Hydrogenongoing

Analysisongoing

Solar Energy RD&D

SunitaSatyapal/DOE
Bring together stakeholders to advance
EERE Hydrogenaffordable hydrogen production, transport,
National labs,
and Fuel Cellstorage, and utilization to enable
universities, andTechnologies
decarbonization and revenue
industry
Officeopportunities across multiple sectors.
Keith
Wipke/NREL

https://www.energy.gov/eer
e/fuelcells/h2s
cale

Renewable electrolysis demonstration
testing at multiple scales; large-scaledemonstration testing;performance/reliability/durability.

Kevin
Harrison/NREL
Industry
Jennifer
Kurtz/NREL

https://www.nr
el.gov/hydrog
en/renewableelectrolysis.ht
mlEnergy analysis tools, models, and otherresources for researchers, developers,
investors, and others interested in theviability, analysis, and development ofhydrogen and fuel cell technologies andsystems.

Keith
Wipke/NRELCurrent
Current

Analysis

RelatedInformation

Current
Current

Demonstrations

Partnership (if any)C

Current

Demonstration Testing at Multiple Scales

Lead Person/Organization

Target/Goal Outcome

NGOs, U.S. DOE,
industry, academia,
national labs,
international, …

https://www.nr
el.gov/hydrog
en/datatools.html

Current
Current

Solar

NREL's solar research strives to enable
reliable, low-cost solar energy at scale—on the grid and beyond the grid. PV, CSP,
grid and systems integration, market
research and analysis, tech to market.

ongoing

Current
Current

276

Mary
Werner/NREL

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

https://www.nr
el.gov/solar/

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme
Solar Energy RD&D

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

Current
Current

Conduct RD&D spanning fundamental
and applied research and development,
including theory and modeling, materials
deposition, device design, engineering,and measurements and characterizationon concepts, devices, modules, andrelability to accelerate the development of
PV technologies to meet DOE goals. This
area includes thin films, tandems,
advanced processing, and reliability.

Current

ongoing

Photovoltaics (PV)/
Devices

Nancy
Haegel/NREL

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

https://www.nr
el.gov/solar/index.html

Develop high-efficiency solar cells with aconversion efficiency of over 35%.

Solar Energy RD&D

Current
Current

Nancy
Develop polycrystalline thin-film
Haegel/NREL
photovoltaics, including cadmium telluride
Lorelleand copper indium gallium diselenide solar Mansfield/NREL
cells.
Matt
Reese/NREL

ongoing

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

https://www.nr
el.gov/pv/poly
crystallinethin-filmphotovoltaics.
html

Thin-Film PV
Cadmium Telluride Accelerator Consortium
2021 - 2024

https://www.nr
el.gov/pv/cad
miumtelluridephotovoltaicsacceleratorconsortiumsolicitation.ht
mlAccelerate the development of cheaper,
more efficient cadmium telluride (CdTe)
solar cells.

University of
LorelleToledo (lead), First
Mansfield/NREL Solar, Colorado
Mike
State University,
Heben/Universit Toledo Solar Inc.,y of Toledo
Sivananthan
Laboratories

Make perovskite solar cells a viable
technology by removing barriers tocommercialization by increasing
efficiency, controlling stability, andenabling scaling.

NREL, University ofToledo, University of https://www.nr
el.gov/pv/pero
Washington Clean
vskiteEnergy Testbed,
University of Toledo organicJoe Berry/NREL
photovoltaics.
Energy Testbeds,
Laura
University of North html
Schelhas/NREL
https://www.u
Carolina at Chapel
Hill, and leading U.S. sacompanies pursuing perovskites.org/perovskite
technologies

Current

Perovskite Photovoltaics - U.S. Manufacturing of Advanced Perovskites (US-MAP) Consortium
Current

Solar
EnergyPerovskite PV

2020 -

277

Energy

Theme

Related Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

RelatedInformation

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

Discover, develop, de-risk, and enable
the commercialization of new materials
and designs for PV modules—with thepotential for a levelized cost of electricityof less than 3 cents per kilowatt-hour.

TeresaBarnes/NREL

NREL, Sandia
National
Laboratories,
Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory,
SLAC. Brings
https://www.dtogether the nationaluramat.org/
lab and university
research
infrastructure withthe photovoltaic andsupply-chain
industries.

Lead global efforts to craft quality andreliability standards for solar energy
technologies to assess causes of PV
failures in the field and determine how
best to conduct quick, inexpensive, andaccurate screenings.

IngridRepins/NRELGlobal collaboration

Target/Goal Outcome

Durable Module Materials Consortium (DuraMAT)

Current

2020 - 2025
PV Modules

International Photovoltaic Quality Assurance Task Force (PVQAT)
Current

PV Reliability
ongoing

https://www.pvqat.org/

Concentrating Solar Power
Provide scientific, engineering, andanalytical expertise to advance innovationin concentrating solar power (CSP)
technologies for electricity and fuels.

Current

ongoing

Craig
Turchi/NREL

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

https://www.nr
el.gov/csp/

Heliostat Consortium
Current

Concentrating Solar
Power (CSP)

2022 - 2024
Support research, development,
validation, commercialization, anddeployment of low-cost and highperformance heliostats with optimized
operations and maintenance for CSP andconcentrating solar-thermal applications.

278

Guangdong
Zhu/NREL

NREL, Sandia
National
Laboratories, and
the Australian Solar
Thermal ResearchInstitute workhttps://www.nr
closely with the U.S.
el.gov/csp/heli
Department ofocon.html
Energy (DOE) and
CSP developers,
component
suppliers, utilities,
and international
experts.

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

Wind
Current

Wind

N/A

ongoing

NREL continues to pioneer many of thecomponents and systems that have taken
wind energy technologies to new heights,
providing global leadership in fundamental
wind energy science research,development, and validation activities.

Brian
Smith/NREL

Advance the use of geothermal energy asa clean, renewable, domestic powersource for the United States.

AmandaKolker/NRELCreate solar fuels systems of the futurewith unprecedented catalytic selectivity,
energy efficiency, and durability using codesign principles to realize assemblies ofcoupled chemical microenvironments,
with inspiration from nature, to form
complex chemical products.

Caltech, Lawrence
Berkeley National
Laboratory, NREL, https://www.liq
Harry
SLAC, University of uidsunlightallia
Atwater/Caltech
California (Irvine and nce.org/
San Diego),
University of Oregon

Conduct fundamental R&D on solar
photoconversion in molecular, nanoscale,and semiconductor systems to capture,control, and convert high-efficiency solar
radiation into electrochemical potential forelectricity, chemicals, or fuels.

https://www.nr
el.gov/chemist
ryGarry
NREL and university
nanoscience/
Rumbles/NREL
professors
solarphotochemistr
y.htmlElectrons to molecules and carbon
capture, utilization, and storage spanning
TRLs for industrial decarbonization, lowcarbon fuels/chemicals/materials.

Randy
Cortright/NRELJosh
Schaidle/NRELMikeResch/NREL

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

https://www.nr
el.gov/wind/

Geothermal
GeothermalCurrent

N/A
ongoing
The Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), a DOE Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Energy Innovation Hub devoted toadvancing the science of liquid solar fuels
Current

2020 - 2025

Solar Fuels

NREL Core DOE BES Program in Solar Photochemistry

CarbonCapture,Utilization,
andStorage(CCUS)

Solar Fuels

Current

ongoing

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies

CCUS RD&D
Current

CCUS

2017-

Current

279

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international,
research consortia

https://www.nr
el.gov/geothermal/

https://www.energy.gov/eer
e/bioenergy/co2-reductionandupgrading-efuelsconsortium

ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

Current

Renewable Hydrogen Electrolysis Coupled With CO2 Conversion
Current

Renewable MethaneElectrolyzer/bioreactor integration usingnovel organisms to reduce CO2 tomethane using renewable hydrogen.

ongoing

NREL, Southern
Kevinhttps://www.nr
California Gas
el.gov/bioener
Harrison/NREL
Company,
gy/biogasNancy
Electrochaea
upgrading.htm
Dowe/NREL
GmbH, University oflChicagoBioenergy and Biofuels
Develop biochemical, enzymatic, andthermochemical processes to convert
biomass and wastes into sustainable fuels
and performance-advantaged
bioproducts. Biofuels researchers
innovate, integrate, and scale up process
steps across conversion pathways while
facilitating deployment andcommercialization.

Current

Biofuelsongoing
Bioenergy
andBiofuels
Current

Biomass-, waste-, and carbon dioxidebased conversion processes to makedrop-in sustainable aviation fuels that areless carbon intensive than conventional
jet fuel.

2021 -

Sustainable Aviation
Fuels

https://www.nr
el.gov/bioener
gy/Research consortia,
Zia
universities, national
https://www.nr
Abdullah/NREL
labs, industry
el.gov/transpo
partners
rtation/sustain
able-aviationfuels.html

Transform energy through building
Universities, U.S.
science and integration. Our research
DOE national labs,
significantly enhances the resiliency,
Roderickcompanies,
efficiency, and affordability of energy
Jackson/NREL
international
systems across the United States and theworld.

Current

N/A

https://www.nr
el.gov/bioenergy/Current

Buildings RD&D

Buildings

Adam
Bratis/NREL

Universities, U.S.
DOE national labs,
companies,
international

ongoing

Current

280

https://www.nr
el.gov/buildings/ThemeRelated Programs(with short summary)

Subtheme

Target/Goal Outcome

Lead Person/Organization

Partnership (if any)

RelatedInformation

Current

Fundamental Chemical, Biological, and Materials Research
Conduct use-inspired and discovery R&D
to provide underpinning knowledge andunderstanding for energy conversion andtechnologies. Develop solutions for
Academia andrenewable energy conversion andnational labs;
storage and related technologies. We
Bill Tumas/NREL international: solar
utilize NREL's strong capabilities infuels, degradation
semiconductors and materials science,sciencenanomaterials synthesis and modification,
synthesis and fabrication, photochemistry
and advanced spectroscopy, andbioscience.

Current

ongoing

N/A

https://www.nr
el.gov/research/basicenergyscience.html

Center for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy
Basic
EnergySciences

Form a cohesive centerwide effort toaccelerate discovery and elucidate designprinciples for unprecedented control overemergent properties involving spin,
charge, and light-matter interactions,leading to new energy-efficient advanced
technologies.

Current

N/A

2018-2026

Computational Science

Current
Current

Computational science, high-performancecomputing, applied mathematics, andadvanced computer science,visualization, and data drive
Universities, U.S.
advancements in energy efficiency,
DOE national labs,
sustainable transportation, renewable
Ray Grout/NREL companies,
power, and energy systems integrationinternational
research. Data analysis and visualization,
AI/ML, complex systems simulation andoptimization, advanced theory, energysystems efficienct operation, highperformance algorithms, complex fluids.

ongoing

Computatio
nal Science

Matthew
Beard/NREL

DOE-funded Energy
Frontier ResearchCenter, NREL-led;
University ofColorado, Boulder;
Duke University; theUniversity of Northhttps://www.c
Carolina, Chapel Hill;
hoiseSan Diego State
efrc.org/index.
University; thehtml
University of Toledo;
the University of
Utah; the Universityof California, Santa
Cruz; and North
Carolina State
University

N/A

281

https://www.nr
el.gov/comput
ationalscience/

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023-

Carbon Neutral Initiatives at NIMS
Materials science research toward “Carbon Neutrality in 2050” Kazuhiro Hono
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan

1. Introduction
To realize a "hydrogen-based society" by 2030 and achieve "carbon neutrality" by 2050, it isessential to promote technological innovation in the energy field and international collaborative
research that combines the research capabilities of multiple research institutions.
The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) is Japan's leading national research
institute specializing in both of advanced and basic materials research. Recently, NIMS has been
focusing on 1) battery materials for all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries and nextgeneration magnesium-ion secondary batteries with high performance (high breakdown voltage
and excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics), and 2) research and social implementationof world-class hydrogen liquefaction technology and suitable materials that meet both economic
efficiency and material reliability, which are essential for realizing a hydrogen-based society.
2. R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
In this section, some of the new research results on battery materials, hydrogenproduction catalysts, water splitting electrocatalysts, high-throughput materials exploration, andhydrogen liquefaction technology conducted at the Research Center for Energy andEnvironmental Materials at NIMS are reintroduced, as reference information for starting newinternational collaborative research projects with members of RD20 international conference
framework in the near future.
2.1 Li-Air Battery
Lithium-ion batteries helped establish the information society as the power source forsmart phones and laptops an important feature for such applications is high volumetric energy
density. On the other hand, a new demand has recently emerged for rechargeable batteries topower flying objects such as drones and high-altitude platform stations, where high gravimetricenergy densities are required. NIMS is developing lithium-air batteries to meet this demand. We
have achieved a high gravimetric energy density of 500 Wh kg−1 [1], but the cycle life is not
sufficient for the applications.
We have shown that the cycle life of a lithium-air battery is determined by the lithium anode,and the reaction efficiency of the lithium anode decreases significantly due to the chemical
crossover of H2O and CO2 from the positive electrode. In order to prevent the chemical crossover
without reducing the energy density, we used an ultra-light flexible separator made of ceramicsolid electrolyte with a thickness of 6 µm. It effectively protects the lithium electrode fromchemical crossover to achieve stable charge-discharge cycles more than 20 cycles [2], as shownin Fig. 1.

282

Figure 1 Improvement of cycle life by inserting the ceramic separator (left) and a photograph ofthe ceramic separator. Adopted from [Ref. 2].
2.2 Oxide Solid-State Battery
Rechargeable batteries are expected to power vehicles and store renewable energy toachieve carbon neutrality. The large-scale batteries used in these applications require highreliability, such as high safety and long life. Solid-state batteries are considered as the best
candidate to meet these requirements due to the non-flammability of the solid electrolytes andthe single-ion conduction in the solid electrolytes, which suppresses the side reactions that leadto performance degradation. High performance has already been achieved in solid-state batteries
with sulfide-based solid electrolytes; however, their applications may be limited due to thechemical instability of sulfide electrolytes. Therefore, we focus our study on solid-state batteries
with oxide-based solid electrolytes.
One of the difficulties in realizing oxide-based solid-state batteries is the bonding
between the battery materials. High-temperature sintering is necessary to bond the oxide-basedmaterials together in the battery assembly. However, it also promotes mutual diffusion between
the battery materials to form resistive impurity phases at the interfaces. We have establishedcharacterization techniques to identify quantitatively the impurities in order to understand theformation mechanism and find a way to suppress the impurity formation. We use X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) to quantitatively identify
the crystalline products by Rietveld analysis and those containing amorphous phases by linear
combination fitting of the spectra, respectively.

Figure 2 Quantified reaction products formed during co-sintering of LiCoO2 andLi1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 at various temperatures. Adopted from [Ref. 3].

283

Figure 2 shows an example of the results. Reaction products including amorphous phases duringco-sintering of LiCoO2 and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3, as cathode and NASICON-type solid electrolyte,
respectively, are quantified in the figure [3].
2.3 Magnesium Batteries
Magnesium batteries are also being studied at NIMS as an intriguing candidate for nextgeneration energy-storages due to many advantageous properties of magnesium over lithium
metals. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes those compatible with magnesium metal
anodes and prospect cathodes has hampered the understanding of the chemistry and developmentof materials for magnesium batteries. Mandai et al. have found one promising electrolyte solution,
namely Mg[Al(HFIP)4]2/G2 (HFIP = hexafluoro-iso-propoxyl group; G2 = diglyme) throughextensive comparative studies based on the experimental and computational methods [4]. This
optimal electrolyte enables highly stable magnesium deposition/dissolution cycling for over 250
cycles with an excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.4%, as shown in Fig. 3a. We have alsoachieved the artificial interface to maintain sufficient electrochemical activities of magnesium
under a dry air atmosphere, as shown in Fig. 3b [5]. This innovation will facilitate theconstruction of manufacturing systems for practical magnesium batteries.

Figure 3 (a) Galvanostatic magnesium deposition–dissolution cycling efficiency measured for[Mg|Cu] cells fabricated using 0.3 mol dm−3 Mg[Z(HFIP)4]2/G2 electrolytes. (b) Cyclic
voltammograms of Zn-coated and uncoated magnesium electrodes under a dry air atmosphere.
Adopted from [Ref. 4 and 5, respectively].
2.4 High-throughput material search
Data-driven automated robotic experiments are an effective method to accelerate thedevelopment of new-materials even in the field of rechargeable batteries. Matsuda et al.
developed the robotic experimental setup for searching electrochemical materials discovery
using high-throughput combinatorial techniques [6-8]. By using the developed robotic system incombination with machine-learning methods, they discovered an electrolyte suitable forrealizing high reaction efficiency in next-generation rechargeable batteries. In addition, they arealso developing an original robotic system to search for electrocatalytic materials for hydrogenproduction by water electrolysis.
2.5 Hydrogen production catalysts
Large-scale production of pure hydrogen (100 L/h; 99.9999 %) has been achieved witha newly developed, innovative catalyst that consisting of an entangled network of nanofibroustextures of nickel (Ni) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3), i.e., Ni#Y2O3 (nickel-hash-yttria). The Ni#Y2O3
catalyst promotes carbon dioxide (CO2) reforming of methane (CH4) to produce a gas mixture284

of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO) with high efficiency over a long period of time. Highpurity hydrogen is extracted from the gas mixtures by another innovative device, i.e., vanadiumalloy-based hydrogen separation membranes.
2.6 Water Splitting Electro-catalysts
The need for large-scale and efficient production of green-hydrogen (gH2), achieved through thesynergistic combination of water electrolysis and renewable energy has created an urgent
demand for the next-generation water electrolyzers (WE). WE requires two pivotal halfreactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which takes place at the cathode, and theoxygen evolution reaction (OER), which takes place at the anode. Currently, the preferredchoices for anode materials in WE are either Ir or Co. However, the limited supply of theseelements may soon become a bottleneck for the widespread production of gH2. An additional
concern is that optimal anode materials free of these scarce elements have only been identified
under extremely acidic or alkaline conditions. This raises a critical issue regarding theaffordability of WE, as these corrosive and toxic conditions require the implementation of costly
systems. To address this challenge, we are actively engaged in developing data-driven
approaches to discover high-performance anode materials that are both cost-effective andfunctional under milder pH conditions. In our endeavors, we have devised an innovative datadriven approach, adept at efficiently uncovering promising electrode materials [9]. Thisalgorithm demonstrates an exceptional ability to extract key kinetic properties related to intricate
electrode processes with increased reliability. By using this data, we gain deeper insights into theintricacies of materials and their interactions. In addition, our data-driven technology can be
integrated with operando spectrometry (Figure 4) [10]to provide better feature values. Thesefeature values are expected to accelerate the search and discovery of materials with enhanced
electrochemical properties. By taking a comprehensive approach based on data-driven
technology, we are confident that these methods hold immense promise in the search, discovery,
and understanding of the complexities of electrochemical materials. As such, these approaches
hold great potential as a powerful and effective means of sourcing high-performance electrodematerials that are essential for the efficient production of gH2.

Figure 4 Overview of the operando electrochemical spectrometry. Adopted from Ref. [10].
2.7 Low-cost liquid hydrogen production technology
To realize a hydrogen-based energy society, it is necessary to build a hydrogen infrastructure.
Hydrogen infrastructure mainly consists of four aspects: production, storage, transportation, andutilization. Among these, liquid hydrogen is advantageous in terms of energy density forhydrogen storage and transportation. However, to liquefy hydrogen, it must be cooled to as low
as -250°C at one atmosphere, which requires a significant amount of energy.

285

The most common method of hydrogen liquefaction uses a gas-cycle refrigerator, also known
as a gas liquefier. However, the liquefaction efficiency (i.e., minimum liquefaction work/inputwork) of gas liquefiers is said to have an upper limit of about 25%. There are ambitious ideas toimprove liquefaction efficiency, but they are still in the conceptual stage. Another approach to
improving liquefaction efficiency is magnetic refrigeration. Magnetic refrigeration uses themagnetocaloric effect, where the temperature of a magnetic working material is controlled by an
external magnetic field to achieve a theoretically high efficiency.
NIMS is developing a hydrogen liquefaction machine using Active Magnetic Refrigeration(AMR), one of the magnetic refrigeration methods and has successfully liquefied hydrogen in
2022 (Fig. 5) [11]. Currently, efforts are underway to scale up the prototype liquefier and produce
a large-scale magnetic refrigeration system (Fig. 6).

Figure 5 Demonstration data for hydrogen liquefaction by magnetic refrigeration system which
is one of world-renowned technologies of NIMS. Adopted from Ref. [11].

Figure 6 External view of a scaled-up model of the in-development AMR for hydrogenliquefaction compared to the demonstration AMR used for demonstration of the liquefaction.
2.8 Search for New Magnetocaloric Materials for AMRR
Continuing from last year, a remaining problem was a magnetocaloric performance ofthe developed materials at the temperatures above 40 K compared to the materials developed at
the temperatures below 40 K. NIMS has recently solved this problem by material design ofEr(Ho)Co2 based compounds and successfully increased the magnetic entropy change (-ΔSm > 0.22
J cm-3K-1) in the Er(Ho)Co2-based compounds in the full temperature range of 20-77 K. [12].

286

3. Specific research activities
The programs/projects related to the theme of the RD20 International Conference being
conducted by NIMS are as follows.
• Materealize Project / Establishment of process science for realizing all-solid-state batteries(MEXT, 2019–2026)• Materials Open Platform for All Solid-State Batteries / Development of oxide-type allsolid-state batteries (MEXT, 2020– )• Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration/ Establishment of a protocol for nextgeneration battery research and development (JST project, 2020–2029)• Innovative hydrogen liquefaction technologies desired in future society / Development ofadvanced hydrogen liquefaction system by using magnetic refrigeration technology (JSTproject, 2018–2027)
4. International collaboration
NIMS has established the International Cooperative Graduate Program (ICGP) as acomprehensive inter-institutional agreement to efficiently promote international collaborative
research, with 33 universities in 19 countries (breakdown: 4 universities in North America, 11
universities in Europe, 17 universities in Asia, and one university in Oceania). Under the NIMS
ICGP, Ph.D. students are generally hosted for six months to one year, and these students canconduct their graduate research while using NIMS' state-of-the-art facilities and participating in
NIMS's research projects. Since it is obvious that international collaborative research in the fieldof energy and environment in necessary in the long-term to realize a carbon-neutral society,
NIMS is willing to consider concluding new ICGP agreements with participating institutions
within the framework of the RD20 International Conference.
As already described in this abstract, the most effective and important way to promoteinternational collaborative research is to invite young researchers and Ph.D. course students to
NIMS to conduct the cutting-edge research together with NIMS researchers. Therefore, NIMS
expects the active participation of the member countries in the RD20 International Conferencein the ICGP of NIMS.
5 Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
To realize a carbon-neutral society, it is important to combine the research capabilities
of experienced senior researchers with the novel ideas and challenging spirit of young
researchers and Ph.D. course students. From this perspective, NIMS would like to invite theyoung researchers and Ph.D. course students who are highly motivated to research and develop
the innovative clean energy technologies from RD20 international conference framework
member countries to NIMS to promote international collaborative research that will be truly
useful to the international community.
References[1] S. Matsuda, M. Ono, S. Yamaguchi and K. Uosaki, Criteria for evaluating lithium–air
batteries in academia to correctly predict their practical performance in industry, Mater. Horiz.
9, 856-863 (2022).
[2] S. Matsuda, M. Ono, H. Asahina, S. Kimura, E. Mizuki, E. Yasukawa, S. Yamaguchi,
Y. Kubo and K. Uosaki. Chemical crossover accelerates degradation of lithium electrode in highenergy density rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries, Advanced Energy Materials. 13, (2023)
article number: 2203062.
[3] F. Ichihara, S. Miyoshi and T. Masuda, Co-sintering process of LiCoO2 cathodes and
NASICON-type LATP solid electrolytes studied by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption nearedge structure, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 24, 25878-25884 (2022).

287

[4] T. Mandai, Y. Youn and Y. Tateyama, Remarkable electrochemical and ion-transportcharacteristics of magnesium-fluorinated alkoxyaluminate–diglyme electrolytes for magnesium
batteries, Mater. Adv., 2, 6283-6296 (2021).
[5] T. Mandai and M. Watanabe, Oxygen – a fatal impurity for reversible magnesium
deposition/dissolution, J. Mater. Chem. A, 11, 9755-9761 (2023).
[6] S. Matsuda, K. Nishioka and S. Nakanishi, High-throughput combinatorial screening ofmulticomponent electrolyte additives to improve the performance of Li metal secondary batteries,
Sci. Rep., 9 (2019) article number: 6211.
[7] S. Matsuda, G. Lambard and K. Sodeyama, Data-driven automated robotic experiments
accelerate discovery of multi-component electrolyte for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries, Cell Rep.
Phys. Sci., 3 (2022) article number: 100832.
[8] R. Tamura, K. Tsuda, S. Matsuda, NIMS-OS: An automation software to implement a closed
loop between artificial intelligence and robotic experiments in materials science, Sci. Technol.
Adv. Mater.: Methods, doi.org/10.1080/27660400.2023.2232297.
[9] K Sakaushi, A Watanabe, T Kumeda, Y Shibuta, Fast-decoding algorithm for electrodeprocesses at electrified interfaces by mean-field kinetic model and bayesian data assimilation:an active-data-mining approach for the efficient search and discovery of electrocatalysts, ACS
Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 22889–22902 (2022).
[10] T Kumeda, K Sakaushi, Joint kinetic/in situ spectrometric investigation of themultielectron/multiproton-transfer-based adsorption electrode process of phosphate anions on
the Ir(111) surface across a comprehensive pH range, J. Phys. Chem. C 127, 10341–10354(2023).
[11] K. Kamiya, K. Matsumoto, T. Numazawa, S. Masuyama, H. Takeya, A. T. Saito, N.
Kumazawa, K. Futatsuka, K. Matsunaga, T. Shirai, S. Takada and T. Iida, Active magnetic
regenerative refrigeration using superconducting solenoid for hydrogen liquefaction, Appl. Phys.
Express, 15, (2022) article number: 053001.
[12] X. Tang, H. Sepehri-Amin, N. Terada, A. Martin-Cid, I. Kurniawan, S. Kobayashi, Y. Kotani,
H. Takeya, J. Lai, Y. Matsushita, T. Ohkubo, Y. Miura, T. Nakamura and K. Hono, Magnetic
refrigeration material operating at a full temperature range required for hydrogen liquefaction,
Nature Comm. 13, 1817 (2022).

288

Kazuhiro Hono is currently the President of the National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan. He received BS and MS degrees inMaterials Science and Engineering at Tohoku University in 1982
and 1984, respectively and a Ph. D. degree at Penn State in 1988.
After working as a post doc at Carnegie Mellon University, hejoined Institute for Materials Research at Tohoku University as a
research associate in 2000, where he built atom probe facility.
Then, he moved to NIMS in 1995, where he had 27 years research
career including Director of Metallic Nanostructure Group,
Director of the Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic
Materials, NIMS Fellow, and Executive Vice President until he
was appointed as President in 2022. Since 2003, he has also been a professor in Materials Scienceand Engineering at the Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
His research interest includes nanostructure characterization of metallic materials using atom
probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy to understand the microstructureproperty relationships of materials. In the last 20 year, he focused on the development of rareearth permanent magnets, nanocrystalline soft magnets, nanogranular magnetic recording media
and other magnetic and spintronic materials and their devices based on basic studies on
microstructure/property relationships.

289

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Materealize Project / Establishment of process science for realizing all-solid-state batteries[2019-2026]

Target / Goal Outcome
Establishment of process science for realizing allsolid-state batteries

Lead person / Organization
Dr. Kazunori Takada / NIMS

Partnership (if any)

Related information

Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Sumitomo Chemical,
Mitsubishi Chemical, Tokyo Tech

Current

2019 - 2026
Material Open Platform for All Solid State Batteries / Development of oxide-type all-solid-state batteries [2020- ]Nextgeneration
battery

NIMS/ Japan

Development of oxide-type all-solid-state batteries Dr. Kazunori Takada / NIMS

10 private companies

Current

2020 -The program on open innovation platform for industry-academia co-creation (COI-NEXT) / Center for Advanced Battery
Collaboration [2020-2029]
Current

Establishment of a protocol for next-generation
battery research and development

Prof. Kiyoshi Kanamura / NIMS

5 private companies and 2 universities

https://www.jst.go.jp/pf/platform/（Domestic) JST, NIMS, Kanazawa University,
NIT Oshima College, Kyoto University, Kyushu
University, Mayekawa MFG., Nippon Yttrium,
CHUBU Electric Power, Sumitomo Heavy
Industries, Iwatani

https://www.nims.go.jp/eng/research/cryogenic-hydrogen-andmaterials/index.html

2020 - 2029

Advancedmaterials forhydrogen andrelatedtechnologies

Innovative hydrogen liquefaction technologies desired in future society / Development of advanced hydrogen liquefaction
system by using magnetic refrigeration technology [2018-2027]
Current

Development of a high efficient hydrogen liquefier Dr. Nobuyuki Nishimiya / NIMS
to achieve a liquefaction capacity of 100 kg/day
with FOM = 0.5 and a small and energy saving recondensation refrigerator to realize zero boil-off in
the liquid hydrogen storage.

2018 - 2027

290

The 5th RD20, Oct 5 2023
Progress of research and development related to clean energy at RIKEN
Makiko Naka
Executive Director of RIKEN, Japan•

Introduction
RIKEN is Japan's largest comprehensive research institution renowned for highquality research in a wide array of scientific areas spanning physics, engineering,chemistry, computational science, biology, and medicine. Founded in 1917 as a private
research foundation, RIKEN has grown rapidly in size and scope, today encompassing
a network of world-class research centers and institutes across Japan.
Now, as a national research and development institute, RIKEN’s mission is tomaximize research and development outcomes effectively and efficiently. We must at
all times remain keenly aware of our responsibility to society, while at the same timeensuring the autonomy and creativity of our scientists. We will link our discoveries inscience and technology to the creation of new value, integrate the synergies that
distinguish RIKEN, and strengthen our collaborations with partners inside and outside
Japan. We will do this by continuing with basic research, which is the source ofknowledge, and by developing outstanding technologies. As a world leader in science,
RIKEN will strive to create a better life for the Japanese people and contribute to theglobal community.
In 2015, two historic proposals—the Paris Agreement on global warming(COP21) and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—were
supported by more than 190 countries. Japan promised to work on realizing theAgenda’s 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and to move toward a 26 per centreduction of greenhouse gases from 2013 levels by 2030. This reduction target was
raised to 46% and declared at the Leaders' Climate Summit hosted by the U.S in April
2021. To fulfill Goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) of the SDGs and to achieve thegreenhouse gas emissions reduction target, Japan has undertaken and expanded
scientific initiatives in clean energy technology research and development as a part ofits national science policy. As one of RIKEN’s missions is to advance R&D based onnational strategies, we have also strategically engaged in R&D in this field.

291

•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
The basic research promoted by RIKEN is not only scientifically valuable, butalso has the potential to break through the limitations of existing technology and create
major innovations. In the face of climate change and other environmental crises, weemphasize that science is an enterprise that truly connects the world and has
universality (from "The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge"). The RIKEN Center for
Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) plays a major role in research and development
for clean energy technologies within RIKEN. Since its establishment in 2013, CSRS
has been a leader in creating a sustainable society through transdisciplinary integrationof plant science, chemical biology, and catalytic chemistry. Using as guides theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 andthe agreement of the COP21 on achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions, we arepromoting five flagship projects. Each of these projects aims to further advance basic
research in the efficient creation, exploration, and use of beneficial substances fromnatural resources, sustainable food production, and bioproduction that CSRS has been
undertaking in the past. In addition, the projects will move beyond the boundaries ofresearch fields and develop manufacturing methods with less impact on theenvironment. In particular, advances made in recent years in AI and data science canbring about a significant step forward. While actively nurturing the next generation ofscientists with a strong background in information science, CSRS will lead in creating
a future world where people can live healthy and prosperous lives. As Center Director
Saito, who was appointed to the position in April 2020, advocates for a new research
field called “sustainable resource science” in the academic community, CSRS will takethe initiative in disseminating this new field while promoting international cooperation.
Specific efforts of CSRS are as follows.
• The RIKEN CSRS is aiming to establish a new field for the future called"Sustainable Resource Science".
• A task force led by young researchers from CSRS was established in July 2021.
They discussed items and possible strategies and that CSRS and RIKEN could
contribute to the 169 targets of the SDGs. In November 2021, the young
researchers presented to principal investigators their ideas for the future of sciencethat CSRS should work on based on the SDGs and held discussions.
•

Following the activities of the task force led by young researchers, the next
generation PIs have begun discussion on the next mid- and long-term CSRS
activities in 2022.

•

CSRS is also promoting research DX through the CSRS Program for the Promotion292

of Informatics and Data Science and fostering young researchers through the CSRS
Next Generation Acceleration Research Program.
In addition to CSRS, other research centers are also involved in research anddevelopment for element technologies that can help advance clean energy technologies.
Research and development is conducted through the integration of research fields, thepromotion of joint research inside and outside of RIKEN, and the effective use oflarge-scale facilities such as supercomputers and synchrotron radiation facilities.
•

Specific research activities
Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) is a technological solution that aims
to use CO2 as a source to produce useful substances, such as chemicals and fuels, by
capturing and compressing CO2 via chemical reactions (by using catalysts), biologicalreactions (by using plants and algae), or a hybrid of the two.
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop alternative means to create
energy, RIKEN is currently advancing R&D projects related to hydrogen, CCU, andother relevant technologies. Research topics include artificial photosynthesis,
converting CO2 and H2O into chemical fuels, and biological approaches that help
plants and algae absorb CO2 and/or produce useful substances. Supported by the New
Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), the RIKEN
Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP) collaborates with CSRS and they jointly focus
on hydrogen production by water electrolysis, a candidate technology to master theuse of natural energy sources that, while carbon-free, experience substantial
fluctuations. Specifically, this technology R&D project is working to design andcontrol a hydrogen production system that uses a non-noble metal catalyst with anincorporated photosynthesis mechanism so that H2 can be produced efficiently from
H2O at a low cost.
RIKEN is also involved in a development project for a system that uses electricity
obtained from renewable energy and a non-noble metal catalyst to directly andefficiently produce basic chemical compounds such as ethylene from CO2 and H2O
under ordinary temperatures and normal pressures. From 2020, RIKEN has beenpromoting research and development for comprehensive systems related to CCU,
which is a research project adopted by NEDO under the Moonshot Research andDevelopment Program launched by the Cabinet Office, by using cutting edge
underlying technology developed by RIKEN and collaborating with universities andresearch institutes in Japan and overseas.

293

Furthermore, RIKEN is conducting research on alternatives for fossil fuels. For
example, we are focusing on microalgae that can produce an abundant amount of oil.
Through our research on cellular metabolism and gene expressions of micro-algal
species, we are working on gene discovery to improve productivity of microalgal
species beneficial to industry. Based on our research facilities for life science andbiotechnologies, we have continued matching fund-based cooperative research withmicro-algal industries through a joint research team established inside RIKEN and a
research consortium aiming to develop technologies for microalgae biorefinery. In
2021, the partner company of our joint research team demonstrated the use of biobased jet fuel for commercial flights.
•

Degradation analysis and stabilization improvement of polymer membrane waterelectrolyzer with non-precious metal catalyst under fluctuating power source(NEDO, 109 million JPY for FY 2018-FY 2022）•

Hybrid Electrocatalysts for C2 Production from CO2 and the Appropriate System•(NEDO, 181 million JPY (including the budget for the other collaborative
organizations) for FY 2018-FY 2019)
Develop an innovative system to turn CO2 into a valuable resource using
electrochemical reactions (NEDO, Moonshot Research and Development••

Program; the budget for the confirmed part is 236 million JPY for FY 20202022.)
Development of innovative technology to increase biofuel of microalgae (thebudget for the project for FY 2018-FY 2023 is undisclosed)

International collaboration
Concerning the research activities on hydrogen and CCU by RAP and CSRS,RIKEN has collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), National
University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), Korea
Institute for Advancement of Technology, Chonnam National University (Korea),
Strasbourg University (France) and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(China).
•Most prioritized issues / Key issues raised
1. In order to launch a new sustainable resource science, we are strategizing thatbasic science is also important in addition to applied science.

294

2. Technologies for hydrogen production, energy management systems, andcarbon dioxide reduction using renewable energy- Are the devices and systems safe for the global environment and resource
consumption? (For example, the polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell,which is strong in variable power sources, uses IrOx as a catalyst for oxygen
generation, but when this polymer electrolyte water electrolysis cell is usedworldwide, Ir will be in short supply.)- Globally, what are the targets and timeframes for achieving the required fossil
fuel-free systems and their installation and use?
- What is the sentiment regarding the economic comparison with using fossil
fuels and how to promote their use?
3. Production of biofuel from Euglena- Human resource development with incentives to promote social acceptabilityof Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS), and development of
economically rational roadmap.
•

Best practices
1. CSRS established a task force led by young researchers from CSRS in orderto strengthen efforts toward more specific SDG indicators and green
innovation. In 2022, following the activities of the task force led by young
researchers, the next generation PIs have begun discussion on the next midand long-term CSRS activities.
2. Technologies for hydrogen production, energy management systems, andcarbon dioxide reduction using renewable energy:- A proposal for a feedback control method on green energy system based on
biomimetics.
- With regard to hydrogen technology, through RIKEN Innovation Co., Ltd. (anaffiliated company in which RIKEN has a stake) a technology study group has
been established with the participation of companies and local governments,
with a view to practical application and social implementation.
3. Research and development that utilizes a matching fund with companies thatdevelop clean energy technologies and promote their social implementation
through a system that promotes industrial collaboration.

295

•

•

Effective measure for facilitating international cooperation
Create a mechanism to attract investment and human resources in international
cooperation.

Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
To address global issues, including SDGs, not only science and technology but alsocollaboration among all governments, private sectors, and societies is important.
Especially when implementing large-scale clean energy projects, we must unify
element technologies, including conversion, transportation, and storage, into one
system, and collaboration with a variety of sectors is essential for this unification. We
will endeavor to engage in collaborative research with other sectors to create problemsolving models as we continue to drive innovation in the development of technologythat can produce game-changing outcomes.

296

Makiko Naka
Executive Director of RIKEN
Makiko Naka currently serves as RIKEN's executive director in charge ofinternational affairs, early career researcher development, and diversity. She
majored in psychology and earned her Ph.D. at Ochanomizu University. She
served as an associate professor at Chiba University and Tokyo Metropolitan
University, and then as a professor at Hokkaido University and Ritsumeikan
University. Her research area is investigative interviews for child witnesses.
She has published more than 100 articles, book chapters and books. She wasawarded Awards for Excellent Research Publication from the Japanese
Psychological Association in 2006 and from the Developmental Psychology
Association in 2022. She also received the International Award of Merit fromthe Japanese Psychological Association in 2020.
As of July 2023

297

Current Status and Future Perspectives (“Now and Future”)
of Clean Energy Technologies in AISTOBARA HaruhikoDepartment of Energy and Environment,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

Introduction
Japan has a long history of research and development in energy technologies toensure energy security and independence. For example, Japan's long-term Sunshine
Project to develop new energy technologies such as renewable energy started in 1974,
and the long-term Moonlight Project to develop energy conservation technologies was
begun in 1978. These projects achieved their common objective of a world class R&D
in ‘new energy’, and now serve as a solid foundation of our present society that is
advancing towards one based on renewable energy.
As a further challenge in response to the recent global environmental problems andchanges in the energy supply strategy after the “Fukushima disaster” in 2011, researchand development at the national level have accelerated whilst linking academic, public
and private sectors. The 2021 “Sixth Strategic Energy Plan” gives an insight into Japan's
energy policy toward 2030 and 2050, and aims for widespread renewable energy use. Inview of the global momentum toward decarbonization, which gained strength more thanever at the Paris Agreement, the Japanese Government declared in October 2020 torealize a carbon-neutral society by 2050, which aims toward a positive cycle ofeconomic growth and environmental protection. To that end, AIST explores and pursues
all possible options for achieving this energy transition.
•

R&D activities related to clean energy technology for carbon neutrality
The Department of Energy & Environment at AIST is promoting green innovations
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developing technologies for efficient andreliable renewable energy production, hydrogen-based and high-density energy storage
with safe, efficient thermoelectric elements, as well as evaluation and reduction ofenvironmental risk.
•

298

AIST has established two research centers to emphasize its commitment to green
innovation: the Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute (FREA), and the
Global Zero Emission Research Center (GZR). FREA, established in April 2014,
focuses on renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, energy
management technologies for smart grid, and hydrogen-based energy storage/carriers,
all from an application-oriented point of view. GZR, established in January 2020,
addresses fundamental technologies pertaining to solar power, thermoelectric power,hydrogen-related materials, carbon utilization, artificial photosynthesis and assessments
for decarbonisation.
Both research centers will play a vital role as a global open innovation platform for
decarbonization, and ultimately for a zero-emission society, through collaboration withacademia and industry all over the world.

• Specific research activities in the next generation energy management systems,
hydrogen etc.
The following are some of the state-of-the-art clean energy technology research
activities conducted at AIST.
• Next generation energy management system with batteries
A new energy management system (EMS) is required in addition to the individual
elemental technology to achieve mass introduction of renewable energy into electricalsystems. We are developing optimized operation technology for distributed energy
resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaics and wind power, microgrid technology,
and for the integration of multiple DERs with energy storage. Development of
individual technologies, including energy storage with battery and power electronics, isalso underway.
• Hydrogen
Ammonia is one of the high-density hydrogen carriers. However, ammonia
synthesis from variable renewable energy and direct combustion for power generation
are challenging research topics. We have developed a new catalyst and process for
producing ammonia from renewable hydrogen, and a low-NOx operation for a directammonia-fired turbine. The combination of these technologies can contribute to theestablishment of an entire value chain of ammonia energy carrier systems.
• Renewable energy (PV)High-efficiency PVs are expected to promote new application areas such as
vehicles, aircrafts, etc. Tandem device configurations are promising in improving PV

299

efficiency. We have developed a brand-new wafer bonding method named, “smart
stack”. based on this concept, we have found that metal nanoparticles in between cells
show good bonding characteristics with low resistivity and high transparency. In
addition, this allows for significant device flexibility combinations including all kindsof conventional PVs.
• CCUSWe are developing a methanation process as a CO2 utilization technology that
produces methane using hydrogen from renewable energies and CO2 retrieved fromthermal power plants. We study the catalyst activity and optimization method of themethanation process together with industry, academia and the government.
• Others: Thermoelectrics
As about 60% of primary energy is wasted as unused heat, R&D of thermoelectric
conversion and thermal management technologies for waste heat recovery is crucial. We
are contributing to cutting-edge research in all aspects of thermoelectric technology,
including its practical application.
Related programs/projects conducted by the institute
Next generation energy management systems with batteries:• “Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteries” (2020-2022)•“International Joint Research for Metal-Free Redox Flow Battery” (20202023)•“Development of Innovative Solution Growth Technology That Improves
Productivity and Quality of SiC Crystals” (2021-2024)• “International Joint Research on High Voltage Devices and Power Electronics
Element Technologies for the Effective Utilization of Renewable Energy” (20202023)
Hydrogen•“Research and development of hydrogen production technology by thermal
decomposition of methane” (2019-2020)•“Advancement of alkaline and polymer-electrolyte water electrolysis” (20182022)•“Development of efficient and durable catalyst for hydrogen production fromformic acid” (2020-2022)•“International joint research for supply technology of high-pressure and purityof hydrogen by chemical compressor using formic acid” (2021-2024)•“Approach to the Development of P2G System Technology Aiming to Build a300

CO2-Free Hydrogen Society in Yamanashi Prefecture” (2016-2021)•“Advanced Evaluation and Analysis Technology on Degradation of SOFC
Stacks” (2020-2024)•“Development of novel thermochemical hydrogen compressor using highpressure metal hydride” (2020-2023)
Renewable energy (PV)•“Research and Development of ultra-high efficiency solar cell modules using
multijunction technologies” (2020-2024)•“International collaborative R&D for low-cost and high-durability solar cells”(2020-2023)•“International collaboration on CIS-based tandem PVs” (2021-2024)
CCUS•“Production of useful chemicals using solar energy” (2016-2022)•“Development of Technologies for Carbon Recycling and Next-Generation
Thermal Power Generation (Research on Development of Synthetic
Technologies for Carbon Recycling LP Gas )” (2022-2024)•“Development of Technology for Producing Fuel Using CO2, etc.
(Development of inovative technology for SOEC methanation)” (2022-2024)
Others: Thermoelectronics and thermal energy storage•“International joint research for advanced thermoelectric devices andmetrology” (2020-2023)•“International joint research and development of innovative high-temperaturethermal energy storage technology” (2021-2024)• “Feasibility study of enhanced mineralization based on LCA/TEA platform”(2022-2024)• “Development of next-generation CO2-fixing plant through the gene
optimization, distant hybrid, and microbial symbiosis” (2022-2024)• International collaboration
4-1 Status of international collaboration
AIST has concluded comprehensive MOUs with the following eight RD20 membersin the field of energy and environment as of 16th June 2023: Commonwealth Scientificand Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO, Australia), National Research Council of
Canada (NRC, Canada), Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC, EC),
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA, France), Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur

301

Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. (FhG, Germany), and National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA). We hope we can enhance international collaborations
with other RD20 members and institutes worldwide for clean energy technology R&Ds.
4-2 Issues /themes for promoting international collaboration
AIST, NREL and FhG-ISE co-organized a series of “the Gigaton Hydrogen
Workshop” and “the Terawatt Workshop” under the tri-lateral MOU. These workshops
provide opportunities to discuss global issues from a technological perspective well as
to recognize the necessity of cross border initiatives toward solving the aforementioned
global issues.
One of the challenges in these symposia, taking into account differences in regional
circumstances, is identifying and prioritizing themes to be tackled globally. For example,
the aim of Gigaton Hydrogen Workshop is to identify barriers and pathways in order toaccelerate development and deployment of hydrogen technologies in the various social
infrastructures, and to meet energy and resource demands on a gigaton scale. To
disseminate its objective globally, the Workshop co-organizers are planning to submit anarticle to a peer review journal, with the potential for expanding international allianceamong RD20 member institutes. Questionnaire results from each RD 20 institute may
be utilized as an indication of their current technological interest, and to identify pivotal
subjects for their international cooperation. At the same time, it is also important todevelop young leaders with international perspectives in this technological field.
Encouraging human resource exchanges among RD20 members was suggested, and“Summer School” program started in 2023.
Future perspectives (towards carbon neutrality)
In January 2020, Japan formulated the “Environment Innovation Strategy” tocreate innovations in the energy and environment fields. This strategy aims to realize a
feasible cost level for innovation deployment, and to contribute to significant GHG
reduction not only in Japan but also worldwide. The strategy includes “Innovation
Action Plans,” which serve as “technology compasses” to establish innovative
energy and environmental technologies by 2050. There are five key sets of technologies
outlined in the Plans: non-fossil energy, energy network, hydrogen, carbon recycling
and CCUS, and zero-emission agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Furthermore, “Green
Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050” formulated in
December 2020 and updated in June 2021 makes explicit current challenges and future
actions to achieve carbon neutrality. Since AIST is conducting progressive research in•302

these key sets of technologies, we will contribute to the realization of the “Innovation
Action Plans” by implementing full research, i.e., from fundamental to applied research,
for clean energy technologies with the ultimate goal of achieving a zero-emission
society.
Dr. OBARA Haruhiko, Senior Executive Officer
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Dr. OBARA Haruhiko is currently Senior Executive Officer of the National Instituteof Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Director-General of the
Department of Energy and Environment, AIST.
Dr. OBARA graduated from the Department of Applied Physics, the University ofTokyo, and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory of the Agency of Industrial Scienceand Technology, a predecessor of the current AIST, in 1987. He received his Ph. D in
Applied Physics from the University of Tokyo in 1990. He began his career as a
research scientist in superconductivity, and expanded his research to thermoelectricenergy conversion. He was a postdoctoral researcher in DPMC, University of Geneva,
from 1993 to 1994, and was a visiting professor in the faculty of industrial science andtechnology, Tokyo University of Science, from 2015 to 2019. He participated in various
energy conservation technology projects.
Dr. OBARA was appointed Executive Officer of AIST and Director-General of the
Department of Energy and Environment in 2020. ORCID: 0000-0002-5683-1837

303

Institute/Country

Theme

NG-EMS with Battery

Related programs(with short summary)

Sub Theme

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Partnership (if any)

C

Enabling the manufacturing of advanced solid-state batteriesThis project has the overall objective to unlock
the challenges related to the materials and
Dr. Alexis Laforgue /NRC
manufacturing processes of solid-state batteries
Dr. Asmae Mokrini /NRC
by investigating a number of innovative
Dr. AKIMOTO Junji /AIST
technologies to produce advanced SSEs fromboth inorganic and polymeric materials.

2020 - 2022

Battery

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International Joint Research for Metalfree Redox Flow Battery [2020-2023]
Development of high performance and low cost2020 - 2023
redox free batteries to provide large-scalestorage on the power supply side.

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / Development of innovative solution
growth technology that improves productivity and quality of SiC crystals [2021-2024]

AIST/Japan

2021 - 2024

Innovative device

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International Joint Research on High
Voltage Devices and Power Electronics Element Technologies for the Effective
Utilization of Renewable Energy [2020–2023]
2020 - 2023

Novel SiC crystal growth technology thatsimultaneously achieve high growth speed (inthe order of mm/h) and suppression of surface
roughening and defect formation (high quality)

The energy-saving effect of this is expected to
be 135,000 kL / year (in 2030) in crude oil
equivalent, assuming that all high-voltage (6.6
kV/200 V) transformers were replaced with
SSTs
(Solid State Transformers) and a 30-years
service life for SSTs.

(International) Natural Resources
Canada-NRC, Blue Solutions, Univ.
of Sherbrooke

Dr. HOSONO Eiji / AIST

(Domestic) Kyushu Univ.
(International) CNR-ITAE

Dr. MITANI Takeshi / AIST

(Domestic) Univ. Tokyo, Tohoku
Univ.
(France) CNRS-SIMaPDr. YONEZAWA Yoshiyuki /AIST(Domestic) Kyoto Univ.,
NITech,Tsukuba Univ.
(Intrnational) ETH Zurich(Switzerland), mi2-factory(Germany), Virginia Tech. (Center
forPower Electronics, CPES) (US)Hydrogen
Advancement of Hydrogen Technologies and Utilization
Project / Research andCurrent
development of hydrogen production technology by thermal decomposition of methane[2019-2020]

Feasibility study on production of hydrogen andsolid carbon by methane decomposition

Dr. TAKAGI Hideyuki / AIST

(Domestic) NEDO, IHI, Kyoto Univ.

2019- 2020
Production

AIST/Japan

Lead research and development project for hydrogen utilization technology / Researchand development of basic technology for advanced water electrolysis technology forhydrogen production/Advancement of alkaline and polymer-electrolyte water electrolysis[2018-2022]

Formulation of guidelines and establishing theProf. MITSUSHIMA Shigenori (Domestic) Yokohama Natl. Univ.,
evaluation methods for electrolyte performance, / Yokohama Natl. Univ..
AIST, Kyoto Univ., Osaka Pref.
durability characteristics and hydrogen
Univ., Tohoku Univ., Ritsumeikan
production system to deliver hydrogen at 30
Univ., De Nora Permelec Ltd
yen/Nm3 at production end

2018 - 2022
Current

Transportation/Storage

NEDO Feasibility Study Program / Development of CO2 conversion based on transition Development of a catalyst for high-pressure
metal catalyst [2019-2023]
hydrogen production from formic acid andGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research / Development of efficient and durable catalyst for methanol production from CO2 at lower
hydrogen production from formic acid--[2020-2022]
temperature (< 100 °C).
2019- 2023

Current

304

Dr. HIMEDA Yuichiro / AIST

（Domestic) JST, NEDO, Osaka
University,Tokyo Univ, TYTLABS（International）BNL, PNNL, EPFL,
KAUST, Leibniz Institute for
Catalysis, Dalian University ofTechnology

Related information

Institute/Country

Theme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research for supply
technology of high-pressure and purity of hydrogen by chemical compressor using
formic acid [2021-2024]
2021 - 2024

Transportation/Storage

Target / Goal Outcome

Lead person / Organization

Development of (i) catalyst for high pressure H2 Dr. KAWANAMI Hajime /production, (ii) CO2 resistant hydrogen storage AIST
materials to build up hydrogen purification,
storage and supply technologies, and (iii)material synthesis method under high pressurehydrogen.

Current

Development of Technologies for Realizing a Hydrogen Society / Approach to theDevelopment of hydrogen storage materials and Mr. SAKAMOTO Masaki /Development of P2G System Technology Aiming to Build a CO2-Free Hydrogen Society tank system for power to gas system.
Yamanashi prefecture
in Yamanashi Prefecture [2016-2021]
AIST/Japan

Partnership (if any)(International) Delft University ofTechnology (Netherlands) / EastParis Institute of Chemistry andMaterials Science (France) / Korea
Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology (Korea) / King Abdullah
University of Science andTechnology (Saudi Arabia) / Queen
Mary University of London (UK)

（Domestic） Yamanashi prefecture, NEDO
Subcontracting members: JSW,
Leader of AIST's project: Dr.
AIST
NAKAMURA Yumiko

2016 - 2021
Current

Advanced Evaluation and Analysis Technology on Degradationof SOFC Stacks [2020Current
2024]

Development of Diagnostics for Long-term andHigh efficient SOFC stacks for 130,000 hours
life time with 65% LHV Effciency

2020- 2024
Utilization

Development of Technologies for Hydrogen Refueling Stations / Development of novel
thermochemical hydrogen compressor using high pressure metal hydride [2020-2023]

Dr. HORITA Teruhisa / AIST (Domestic)NEDO, Kyocera,Morimura SOFC, Denso, AisinCosmos Corp., Osaka Gas M.,
Toho Gas, Tokyo Gas, CRIEPI,
Univ. Tokyo, Kyoto Univ., Tohoku
Univ., Kyushu Univ.

Development of novel thermochemical hydrogen Dr. SAKAKI Kouji / AIST
compressor pressurizing to 80MPa(Domestic) JMC

2020- 2023

PV

Current

Development of Technologies to Promote Photovoltaic Power Generation as a PrimaryPower Source / Research and Development of ultra high efficiency solar cell modules
using multijunction technologies [2020-2024]2020 - 2024

AIST/Japan

Related information

Photovoltaics / Devices

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International collaborative R&D for
low-cost and high-durability solar cells [2020-2023]
2020 - 2023
Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International collaboration on CISbased tandem PVs [2021-2024]
2021 - 2024

Cost reduction of modeule power generation to 7
yen / kWh in 2030.
Dr. SUGAYA Takeyoshi /Development of high efficiency solar cells withAIST
the conversion efficiency of over 35%.

Development of (i) novel passivating contact
materials for Si, and (ii) quantum-dot hybrid
perovskites, enabling low-cost and highdurability perovskite/Si tandem solar cells.

Dr. MATSUI Takuya / AIST

Achievements of low cost and high efficiency
CIS based lightweight and flexible tandem PVs
Dr. ISHIZUKA Shogo / AIST
are expected to lead to large scale usage of PVs
in society(Domestic) Universities, Privatecompanies
The Univ. Tokyo, Toyota
Technological Institute, Univ.
Miyazaki, Taiyo Nippon Sanso
co.,Sharp co., Idemitsu Kosan(Domestic) Nagoya Univ.
(France) CEA-Liten(UK) Oxford Univ.

(Germany) HZB

CCUS
Artificial Photosynthesis,
Solar Chemicals, Solar Fuels
AIST/Japan

Carbon Recycling

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science / Production of useful chemicals using solar
energy [2016-2022]
2016 - 2022

(Domestic) Universities, Private
Proposal and demonstration of cost effective
companies
artificial photosynthesis technologies using solar Dr. SAYAMA Kazuhiro / AIST
(US) Brookhaven NationalenergyLaboratory

Development of Technologies for Carbon Recycling and Next-Generation Thermal
Power Generation/ Project for Promotion of Next Generation Thermal Power Generation/ This research development is aimed to provide
Development of Common Fundamental Technologies for Carbon Recycling / Research Propane and Butane to customers through sorts Dr. OGUMA Mitsuharu / AIST （Domestic) The Institute of Japan
Green LP Gas Promotion,
on Development of Synthetic Technologies for Carbon Recycling LP Gas [2022-2024] of catalytic reaction and synthetic processes ofintermediate DME (Di-methyl Ether) produced
N.E.Chemcat Corporationfrom CO2 and H 2.
2022 - 2024
Current

305

NEDO

Institute/Country

AIST/JapanTheme

Sub Theme

Related programs(with short summary)Current
Green Innovation Fund Project / Development of Technology for Producing Fuel Using
CO2, etc. (Development of inovative technology for SOEC methanation)[2022-2024]

Power to X
2022 - 2024

Target / Goal Outcome

Deveropment of high efficiency advanced
methane-base fuel systhesis technology withsolid oxide co-electrolysis cells

Lead person / Organization
Dr. OBARA Haruhiko / AIST
Dr. YAMAGUCHI Toshiaki /AISTPartnership (if any)

（Domestic) Osaka gas Corporation NEDO

Current

OthersResearch and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research foradvanced thermoelectric devices and metrology [2020-2023]
Thermoelectrics
2020 - 2023

Thermal energy storage

Research and Development Program for Promoting Innovative Clean Energy
Technologies Though International Collaboration / International joint research anddevelopment of innovative high-temperature thermal energy storage technology [20212024]

Development of high-efficacy thermoelectric
devices and high-accuracy evaluation systems

Dr. OHTA Michihiro / AISTLong duration, low cost, and large scaleenergy storage systems

Dr. NOMURA Takahiro /Hokkaido Univ.
Dr. SAITA Itoko / AIST

2021 - 2024

AIST/Japan

Moonshhot Research and Development Program / Realization of sustainable resource
circulation to recover the global environment by 2050/ Feasibility study of enhanced
mineralization based on LCA/TEA platform [2022-2024]

CO2 storage

2022 - 2024
Moonshhot Research and Development Program / Realization of sustainable resource
circulation to recover the global environment by 2050/ Development of next-generation
CO2-fixing plant through the gene optimization, distant hybrid, and microbial symbiosis[2022-2024]
2022 - 2024

306

This project aims to produce carbonate byweathring of Mg, Ca and Fe contained mafic
rocks. The purpos of this project is to evaluate
the feasibility of the total system.

This project aims to develop plants that can fix
CO2 gas effectively and produce highperformance woody biomass(Domestic) Kyushu University(France) CEA LITEN, CNRSLaboratory CRISMAT(Germany) German Aerospace
Center (DLR)(Korea) KERI

(Domestic) Hokkaido University(International) KTH (Sweden) / IITJ
(India)(Domestic) RIKEN, University of
Dr. MORIMOTO Shinichirou / Tsukuba, Tokyo University of
AIST
Agriculture

Dr. MISTUDA Nobutaka /AIST(Domestic) Tokyo Metropolitan
Univ., Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd.

Related information