'I'IIE

A NNALS
AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL

1t IS'I'OP Y.

[TEN'tit SEnIE8.]
No. 38. IeEBRUARY 1931.

X I . - - N e w or little-known Tipulid~e (Diptera).--XLVlII.
Australasian Species. By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,
Ph.D., F.E.S., Massachusetts Agricultural College,
Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Tm~ crane-flies described at this time are all Australian
members of the vast genus Molophilus. The majority ofthe species are from South Australia and Victoria, where
they were taken by Mr. F. Erasmus Wilson, to whom
all types have been returned. A few additional species
were taken in Tasmania and New South Wales by
Dr. Andr6 L. Tonnoir, such material having been returnedto the collector. One further species was taken in
Dorrigo, New South Wales, by Mr. W. Heron, the typebeing in my own collection. I wish to express my deep
thanks to the above-mentioned gentlemen for theirkindly interest in collecting these fragile flies.

Molophilus militaris, sp. n.
Belongs to the plagiatus group; general colorationof thorax yellow, the chief prmseutum with three brown
stripes ; halteres infuscated; legs chiefly dark brown ;wings cream-eoloured, with a heavy brown pattern,cell 2nd A being uniformly darkened ; male hypopygium
Anm & Mag. ~¥. Hi~t. •er. 10. Vol, vii.
11

154

Dr, C. P. Alexander onwith the basal dististyle a long sinuous black rod, narrowed
to the acute tip, the surface with abundant microscopic
spines.
Male.--Length about 3.5-3.8 ram. ; wing 4.5--4.8 mm.
Female.--Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5-5-2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae short,dark b r o w n ; flagellar segments oval, with conspicuous
verticils. H e a d obscure yellow, the centre of the vertex
infuscated.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal pr~escutum yellow, withthree distinct dark brown stripes; scutal lobes darkbrown, the median region more yellowish; scutellum
conspicuously yellow ; postnotat mediotergite dark brown.
Pleura dark brown, the ventral portions somewhat paler.
Halteres infuscated, the base of the stem obscure yellow.
Legs with the coxse and trochanters obscure yellow;
femora brownish yellow, with dark setm, the remainderof the legs passing into brown. Wings cream-coloured,tlle costal portion more yellowish, the disk with a heavy
brown pattern, chiefly appearing as conspicuous seams
along the cord, vein/~s, outer ends of veins 211a and M4,
and as a broad seam the entire length of vein Cu; cell
2nd A uniformly infumed ; maerotriehia dark, the costal
fringe paler; veins pale, darker in the infuseated areas.
Venation:]~e+a at origin perpendicular or nearly so;vein 2nd A relatively short, ending opposite or before m-cu.
Abdomendark brown, the hypopygium
yellow. Male
hypopygiumwith the apical beak of basistyle relatively
slender, in cases with a basal shoulder. Basal dististylea very long sinuous blackened rod, gradually narrowed
to an acute point, the entire surface set with microseepic
spines, one of which on outer margin is sometimes long
and well developed.
Outer dististyle with the arms
appressed, the outer with abundant microscopic setul~e.
.~Edeagus long and slender. Phallosomic structure anoval setiferous cushion.
Hab. Victoria.
Ho[etype, c~, Belgrave, in fern gulley, J u l y 14, 1929

(liL E. Wilson).
Alloto1~vtype, o..
Paratopotypes, 3 c~- ; ,paratypes, 2 ~ , Kinglake, altitude
about 2500 feet, June 23, 1929 (F. E. Wilso~t); 4 (~,Warragul, June 30, 1929 (F. E. IFilson).
This late autumn and winter crane-fly is very distinct
h'om all described ~l)eeies of the genus.

new

or

little-known Tipulid~e.

155

Molophilus bunyipensis, sp. n.
Belongs to the plagiatus group; a n t e n n a (~) short;
general coloration yellow; male hypopygium with theventral lobe of basistyle very long, armed subapicallywith a group of spines, in addition to the usual beak-likespine which is placed more basad; inner dististylea flattened blade, the oblique apex with a series of about
ten spines, the more basal longest; near apex of stylewith two or three pencils of elongate seta.
Male.--Length about 4.2 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
Rostrum b r o w n ; palpi black. A n t e n n a (~) short,
if bent backward extending about to mid-distance
between wings and halteres; scapal segments yellow,
the flagellum darker; flagellar segments subcyHndrical,
the verticils exceeding the segments in length. H e a doehreous, the centre of the vertex darkened.
Mesonotal praescutum brownish yellow, shiny, withvague indications of a capillary darker line near the
suture; anterior lateral pretergites and humeral regionof p r a s c u t u m even paler ; posterior sclerites of mesonotum
chiefly testaceous-yellow.
Pleura testaceous-yellow.
Halteres yellow, the knobs passing into pale brown.
Legs with the e o x a and troehanters yellow ; legs broken ;a single detached leg mounted on the card-point is ofunusual length for the size of the fly and may not belong
here; it is yellow, the outer tarsal segments passing
into brownish black. Wings eream-coloured, the veins
pale yellow ; maerotrichia brown. Venation : R 2 lying
some distance distad of level of r-m ; vein 2nd A ending
about opposite the level of m-cu.
Abdomen yellowish brown, the hypopygium chiefly
yellow. Male hypopygium with the ventral lobe ofbasistyle very long and narrow, the apex armed witha group of spines placed just before tip, these directedc a u d a d ; more basatly a small chitinized beak that is
simple to weakly bifid; extending cephalad from thisregion down the mesal face of the lobe is a narrow chitinizedstrip that is suggestive of the condition found in the2erva.gatus group. Both dististyles placed close together
at base of ventral lobe ; outer dististyle elongate, a sinuous
blackened rod, the apex unequally bifid, the short innerarm a blunt blackened spine or lobe, the long sinuous
outer arm a flattened blade. Inner dististyle a shortflattened blade, a little expanded outwardly, the oblique
I[*

156

Dr, C. P. Alexamler on

apex with a row of about ten spines or teeth, the mostbasal largest; two or three pencil-like groups of longsetm near outer end of style. Phallosomie structure
a depressed glabrous plate, a little wider at outer end,
the caudal margin straight or very gently emarginate.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Beenak, near head of the B u n y i p River,in beech gully, March 9, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
Paratolgotype, ~.
Molophilus bunyipensis is remarkably distinct from allother known species of the genus.
Molophilus distinctissimus, sp. n.
Belongs to the plagiatus g r o u p ; allied to M. perdistinctus; antennm (~) elongate, head-like; generalcoloration of thorax light reddish brown ; wings greyish
subhyaline; R e lying far before level of r - m ; vein
2nd A unusually short; male hypopygium with thephallosomic structure powerful, blackened, median inposition, the tips of the arms weakly bidentate ; mdeagus
confluent with the phallosome, jutting beyond it asa median point.
Male.--Length about 2.8 ram. ; wing 3-6-3-7 mm.
Female.--Length about 2-8 mm. ; wing 3 ram.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennm (~) elongate,bead-like, when entire only a trifle shorter than theentire body, brownish black throughout; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement conspicuous, slightly
exceeding the apical pedicel. H e a d brown.
Posterior pronotum and anterior lateral pretergites
whitish. Mesonotal prmscutum light reddish brown,
the lateral portions brighter; posterior sclerites ofmesonotum uniformly reddish brown. Pleura testaceous-brown,tIalteres relatively elongate, pale, theknobs dark brown. Legs with the coxm and trochanterstcstaceous; remainder of legs pale yellowish brown,
the outer tarsal segments darkened; fore tibim (~)
without an enlarged darker subbasal ring. Wings greyish
subhyaline, the base and costal region more yellowish;
veins and macrotriehia darker. Venation ; Sc relatively
short, Sc I ending just beyond R e ; R~ lying far before
level of r - m ; m-cu strongly arcuated ; vein 2nd A short,ending some distance before proximal end of m-cu.

new or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

157

Abdomen brown, the hypopygium more brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium with the apical beak of thebasistyle small and slender. Outer dististyle heavily
blackened, the arms short and stout, the outer more
slender, smooth, the inner widely expanded, the truncatedapex microscopically denticulate. Basal dististyle a verysmall straight rod. Phallosomie structure generally as
in perdistinctus, appeal~ng as a heavily blackened medianstructure, the caudal-lateral angles produced laterad into
powerful arms that curve inwards at tips, these apices
much paler and unequally bidentate; mdeagus confluent
with this structure, jutting beyond it as a short medianpoint ; in addition to this powerfully constructed
blackened phallosome there is a superimposed flattenedplate, the caudal margin of which is deeply em~rginate.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Ben Cairn, near Millgrove, in beech gully,
altitude 2900-3200 feet, February 9, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).

Allotopotype, ~_.
Paratopotype, ~ ; paratype, ~, Seville, November 24,
1929 (F. E. Wilson).
Despite the very different general appearance, therelationship of Molophilus distinctissimus to M. perdistinctus, Alexander, is certain.

Molophilus obliteratus, sp. n.
Male.---Length about 4-5 mm. ; wing 5.3 mm.
_Female.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.
Belongs to the plagiatus group, annulipes subgroup;
most closely allied to M. persimilis, Alexander (NewSouth Wales), differing especially in the details of coloration and structure of the male hypopygium.
Mesonotal prmseutum light fulvous, the lateral margins
broadly china-white. Pleura pale, with a distinct brown
dorso-longitudinal stripe. Legs with the femoral rings
very narrow, paler in the male than in the female, thepale ring between extensive, from two to three times
as wide as the darkened ring. Dark wing-spot very
conspicuous. Male hypopygium about as in persimilis,
with the following differences : Basistyle with the dorsal
lobe small, the spine very thin and only weakly chitinized ;apex of ventral lobe of basistyle evenly rounded to thevery deep and stout ehitinized beak, not at all conicallyI.~

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

produced. Outer dististyle even longer and more slenderstemmed than in persimilis. Basal dististyle with thetwo apical spines subequal in length, but one much stouter
than the other; subapical spine very small and morenearly apical in position.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, c~, Ben Cairn, near Millgrove, in beech gully,
altitude 2900-3200 feet, February 9, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).

Allotopotype, 9-.
Molophilus elatus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup ; mesonotal
prmscutum reddish brown, with a darker median stripe ;postnotum and pleura darker greyish b r o w n ; knobs ofhalteres light yellow; legs yellow, the femoral tips
broadly brownish black; wings suffused with greyish
brown, the prearcular and costal regions more yellowish ;male hypopygium with all lobes of basistyle obtuse;
both dististyles narrowed to acute points.
Male.---Length about 3-5 mm. ; wing 4.4 mm.
Rostrum yellowish brown; palpi black. Antennm
relatively long, if bent backward extending about t o thewing-root or just beyond ; scapal segments dark ; basal
segment of flagellum pale brown, the remaining segments
brownish black, long-oval, with very long verticils.
Head grey, the vertex broad.
Mesonotal prmscutum reddish brown, with a darker
greyi:h-brown median stripe; scutum and scutellum
light brown, the centres of the scutal lobes slightly darker ;postnotum and pleura dark greyish brown. Halterespale, the knobs light yellow. Legs with the fore and hindcoxm dark brown, the middle coxm and all troehanters
more yellowish ; femora obscure yellow, the tips broadly
brownish black; tibim brownish yellow, the tips morenarrowly blackened; fore tibim (c~) with an unusuallylarge black subbasal ring, swollen and with a distinct
tympaniform area ; basitarsi yellow, the outer half andremainder of tarsi brown. Wings with a strong greyishbrown suffusion, especially evident as seams along theveins; stigmal region more suffused with brown; prearcular and costal regions broadly light yellow, theincluded veins luteous; remaining veins brown, themacrotrichia dark brown. Venation : R~ opposite or just

new

or

liitle-known Tipulid~e.

159

proximad of the basal section of R~ ; vein 2rid A gently
sinuous, ending about opposite one-fourth the lengthof the petiole of cell M 8.
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium scarcely brighter.
Male hypopygium with the basistyle produced into three
distinct lobes, none of which is spinous; dorsal lobs
slender, provided with long coarse set~e to apex ; ventral
lobe with coarse retrorse set,e; mesal lobe glabrous,
flattened, the margin at apex microscopically denticulate.
Outer dististylc a slender flattened blade that graduallywidens outwardly, at beyond mid-length further produced
into a curved blackened spine, the surface of style at thispoint with microscopic tubercles and abundant delicate
setuke. Inner di'stistyle nearly as long but more slender,
gradnally narrowed to the gently curved blackened
apex, before tip on concave side, with microscopic
appressed roughenings. 2Edeagus long, exceeding either
dististyle in length. • Phallosomic structure oval, apparently with fine setm except at apex.
Hab. South Australia.
Holotype, ~, Aldgate, Mr. Lofty Ranges, October i929

(F. E. Wilson).
Molophilus elatus is a very distinct species in its group.
Molophilus subhorridus, sp. n.
Male.--Length about 3-3-3.8 mm. ; wing 4.2-4.8 mm.
Female.--Length about 4.8-5 mm. ; wing 5.2-5-4 mm.
Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; closely
allied to M. horridus, Alexander (Victoria-Tasmania),
differing especially in the smaller size, details of coloration,and structure of the male hypopygium.
General coloration of mesonotal pr~escutum, scutum,
and postnotum light reddish brown, much paler than in
horridus, not contrasting so strongly with the yellow
scuteUum. Pleura similarly pale brown. Venation andwing-pattern much as in horridus, the veins beyond thecord shorter. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium
conspicuously yellow. Male hypopygium with the outerdististyle proportionately wider than in horridua, theapical spine shorter and nearly straight; spine of thecaudal-lateral angle nearly straight and paralleling the
major spine, the apex of the style between these points
truncate and provided with a series of needle-like denticles.

160

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Ben Cairn, near Millgrove, in beech gully,
altitude 2900-3200 feet, February 9, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).
Allotopotype, 9.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ; paratype, 1 ~, Mr. Donna Buang,
altitude 3000-3800 feet, March 2, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
Molophilus bawbawiensis, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group and subgroup; generalcoloration brownish g r e y ; scutellum yellow; knobs ofhalteres light yellow; wings greyish, the preareularregion light yellow ; male hypopygium with the terminal
spine of dorsal lobe of basistyle and the ventral lobe ofbasistyIe both unusually long and slender ; inner dististylelong and narrow, unequally bifid, the inner arm a very
pale delicate rod.
Male.--Length about 4 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
2'emale.--Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5-2 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm (~) moderately
long, if bent backward extending about to the wing-root,
black, the fiagellar segments with a dense white pubescence. Head grey.
Anterior lateral pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotal
pr~escutum brown, sparsely pruinose; pscudosutural
fovem and tuberculate pits black ; scutum brownish grey ;scutellum yellow; postnotum and pleura plumbcous.
I-Ialteres pale, the knobs light yellow. Legs dark brown,
the femoral bases extensively paler; fore tibiae (~)
with a slightly dilated but concolorous subbasal ring.
Wings greyish, the prearcular region light yellow;
a scarcely apparent darker clouding along the cord ; veins
pale brown, the macrotrichia darker brown. Venation:/ ~ lying shortly beyond the level of r - m ; vein 2nd A
ending just beyond the origin of the petiole of cell M a.
Abdomen brownish black, the hypopygium paler brown.
Male hypopygium with the terminal spine of the dorsal
lobe of basistyle unusually long and slender ; ventral lobeof basistyle unusually long and slender; mesal lobe
broad, terminating in a small spine. Outer dististyle
relatively narrow, blade-like, at apex with a few microscopic denticles; surface of style on apical half withmicroscopic appressed spines that pass into microscopic
setulm. Inner dististyle very long and slender, very
unequally bifid, the outer arm a small glabrous lobe,

nero or liltle-know~ Tipulidee.

l ~;lthe inner arm very long and slender, subequal in length
to the basal portion of the style, almost transparent,
provided with set~e.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, (~, Walhalla, foot of Bawbaw Mrs., April 18-22,
1930 (F. E. Wilson).

Allotopotype, ~_.
Paratopotypes, 2 (~c~.
Molophilus bawbawiensis is most closely allied to
M. tenuiclavus, Alexander, in the nature of the dorsal
and ventral lobes of the basistyle of the male hypopygium,
differing conspicuously in the other details of this organ,
such as both dististyles and the mesM lobe of thebasistyle.

Molophilus sublyratus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis subgroup;
allied to M. lyratus ; general coloration brownish black,the humeral region of the pr~escutum more reddish ; legs
chiefly blackened; wings with a brown tinge; malehypopygium with the basal dististyle an arcuated rodthat terminates in a subacute blackened point bearing
conspicuous setm ; lateral arms of phallosomic structurewith microscopic teeth.
Male.--Length about 4.4-4.6 ram. ; wing 5.2-5.6 ram.
Female.--Length about 5 ram. ; wing 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout,relatively short (c~), if bent backward extending to slightly
beyond the wing-root; flagellar segments long-oval,
the verticils much exceeding the segments. H e a d brown,
the centre of the vertex darker.
Pronotum dark brown, the anterior lateral pretergites
yellowish white. Mesonotum brownish black, the humeral
region of the pr~escutum more reddish; pseudosutural
fove~e blackened. Pleura plumbeous-black, the dorsopleural region obscure yellow ; in cases, the pleura vaguely
marked with paler, especially the pleurotergite. Halteresyellow, the stem a little more obscure. Legs with thecoxm brown, the trochanters more brownish yellow;
femora brown, their bases narrowly paler, the fore andmiddle femora somewhat more blackened; tibim andtarsi b l a c k ; fore tibiae (~) with a dilated subbasal ring.
Wings with a brownish tinge, the veins and macrotriehia
darker. Venation: R2 lying just beyond the level of1(;2Dr. C. P. Alexander onr - m ; vein 2nd A elongate, extending to about opposite
one-fourth the length of the petiole of cell M~.
Abdomen, including the hypopygium, black. Male
hypopygium with the basistyle elongate, terminating ina small fleshy lobe. Both dististyles placed far distad
on face of basistyle. Outer dististyle with the stem very
short to almost lacking, the two arms conspicuous,separated b y a narrow notch. Basal dististyle a longarcuated rod, the tip blackened, subacute, clothed with
abundant conspicuous set,e; inner margin of style
expanded into a flange. Phaltosomie structure conspicuously lyriform, the arms long and nearly straight,
narrowed to acute points, the mesal margin of each arm
at near mid-length with a series of acute, nearly appressed
teeth. 2Edeagus long and slender, a little longer thaneither arm of the phallosome.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ¢~, Ben Cairn, near Millgrove, in beech gully,
altitude 2900-3200 feet, February 9, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).
Allotype, ~, Healesville, April 21, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).
Paratopotype, c~; paratypes, 1 c~, with the allotype;
1 ~, 1 ~, Beenak, near head of the Bunyip River, in beech
gully, March 9, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
Molophilus sublyratus is amply distinct from therelated M. lyratus, Alexander.

Molophilus permutatus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis subgroup;
allied to immutatus; general coloration b l a c k ; anterior
lateral pretergites, dorsopleural region, and knobs ofhalteres yellow; male hypopygium without a spine
on mesal lobe of basistyle ; outer dististyle an elongate
simple sinuous rod, the apex entire, c u r v e d ; innerdisti'style an elongate blackened structure, the outermargin on distal half with microscopic serrations ; phallosomic structure with the arms weakly bidentate at tips,
the crown of the structure with a dense tuft of setm.
Male.--Length about 4-4.2 mm. ; wing 5-5.2 ram.
Female.--Length about 5 ram. ; wing 5.4 mm.
Rostrum, palpi, and antennm black, the last short inboth sexes. H e a d grey.
Anterior lateral pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum
black, sparsely dusted with grey, especially on the interspaces, the ground-colour most evident as four prmseuta[

new or llttle-known Tipulidm.
stripes. Pleura black, sparsely dusted with grey, thedorsopleural region obscure yellow. Halteres dusky,
the knobs light yellow. Legs black throughout. Wings
with a strong blackish tinge, the prearcular region moreyellowish ; veins and macrotrichia darker brown. Venation: R 2 lying shortly distad of level of r - m ; vein
2rid A ending just beyond the base of the petiole of cell M a.
Abdomen black, very sparsely pruinose. Male hypopygium without a spine on mesal lobe of basistyle.
Outer dististyle an elongate simple sinuous black rod,the extreme tip curved. Inner dististyle a powerful
black areuate to feebly angulate structure, the outermargin on distal half with a series of small serrations.
Phallosomic structure almost as in immutatus, a blackened
median structure with divergent arms, these weakly
bidentate at tips; crown of the structure with a dense
tuft of setm. Ovipositor with the tergal valves horncolour, very long and slender, gently upcurved ; sternalvalves black, straight.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, c~, Mr. Donna Buang, above Warburton,
altitude 3000-3800 feet, March 2, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
Allotopotype, 9.
Paratopotypes, 2 (~~).
Motophilus permutatus requires comparison only with
M. immutatus, Alexander, differing in the almost uniformly blackened coloration of the body and legs, andin the details of the male hypopygium, especially of thebasistyle, the dististyles, and the phallosomic structure.

Molophilus vividus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis subgroup ; mesonotal prmscutum reddish, with a broad central brown
stripe; pleura yellow, with a transverse brown girdle;
halteres yellow; legs black, the genua narrowly paleyellow; wings cream-coloured, the long costal fringe
and three or four hair-patches on the disk black; malehypopygium with the apical lobe of the basistyle abruptly
narrowed; outer dististyle a sinuous simple black r o d ;inner dististyle long and sinuous, expanded at apex into
a triangular pale blade.
Male.--Length about 3.8-4 mm. ; wing 4.8-5 ram.
Rostrum b r o w n ; palpi black. Antennee of moderate
length, ii bent backward ending some distance beforelf14

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the wing-root ; scapal segments obscure yellow ; flagellum
black. Head brownish grey, obscure yellow behind.
Pronotum and anterior lateral pretergites yellow.
Mesonotal prmscutum reddish, the broad central portion
dark brown, in cases extended as a conspicuous medianstripe almost to suture; humeral triangles yellow;
scutal lobes reddish brown, the mesal portions darker;
scutellum black ; postnotal mediotergite brown to reddish
brown, more darkened posteriorly, paling to yellow onsides. Pleura reddish brown, with a dark brown girdle,
involving the anepisternum and ventral sternopleurite.
Halteres pale, the knobs light yellow. Legs with thecoxm and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs black,the genua narrowly but conspicuously pale yellow,
this involving both the extreme tip of femur and baseof tibia. Wings whitish cream-colour, the prearcularand costal regions more yellowish ; veins light yellowishb r o w n ; macrotrichia brown, the costal fringe long andconspicuous, b l a c k ; three or four conspicuous areas of
black trichia, located on anterior cord, fork of M, nearbase of M 4 and on M, near base. Venation : vein 2nd A
relatively short, ending about opposite m-cu.
Abdomen brownish black, the hypopygium obscureyellow. Male hypopygium with the apical lobe ofbasistyle very slender, abruptly narrowed. Outer dististyle entirely black, appearing as a simple black sinuousrod, very gradually narrowed to the acute tip. Innerdististyle arising from an expanded bladder-shaped base,the long stem very long and sinuous, widely expanded
into a triangular pale blade that is split b y a linear notch
into two unequal lobes.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, (~, Mr. Donna Buang, above Warburton,
altitude 3000-3800 feet, March 2, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).

Paratopotypes, 3 ~ (~.
Molophilus vividus is very different from all hitherto
described species of the genus.

Molophilus trigonalis, sp. n.
M a / e . ~ L e n g t h about 4.5-4-7 mm. ; wing 5-2-5.8 mm. ;antenna about 2.7-2.8 ram.
F e m a / e . ~ L e n g t h about 5 mm. ; wing 6-6.2 mm.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis subgroup;
closely allied to M. expansus, Alexander (Tasmania),
differing most conspicuously in the shorter antennae

~zew or little-k~wwn Tipnlid~e.

165

and details of structure of the male hypopygium, notably
the basal dististyle.
Antennae (~) about four-fifths the length of that ofexpansus, the individual flagellar segments maintaining
this general proportion. Coloration of thoracic dorsum
reddish brown, the dorsopleural region somewhat darker.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites darker. Generalfeatures of the male hypopygium as in expansus, the outerdististyle in both species conspicuously trilobed. Basal
dististyle a large, nearly straight rod, the apex a little
expanded into a triangular head that is further produced laterad into a powerful spine; in addition, theapex of the head is provided with one or two smaller
spines.
H ~ . Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Mr. Donna Buang, above Warburton,
altitude 3000-3800 feet, March 2, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
AUotyp£, ~, Beenak, head of Bunyip River, in beech
gully, March 9, 1930 (F. E. Wi~on).
Paratopotype, 1 ~ ; paratypes, 4 ~ , with the allotype.

Molophilus subalpicola, sp. n.
Male.~Length about 4.6-5 mm. ; wing 5.5-6.3 ram.
_Female.--Length about 6 mm. ; wing 7 ram.
Belongs to the gracilis group, ruficollis s u b g r o u p ;closely allied to M. alpicola, Alexander, differing especiallyin the details of structure of the male hypopygium.
Mesonotal postnotum not conspicuously darkened.
Femora not darkened at tips. Wings broad, the brownpattern more extensive than in alpicoh~, appearing asa conspicuous seam along the cord, in cases as a broad
seam along the outer section of vein Cu 1 and occupying
most of cell 2nd A in the axillary region. Venation : R~some distance beyond the level of r-re. Male hyFopygiumwith the basal dististyle a stout blackened structure,
the basal two-thirds stout, beyond this point angularly
bent into a slender terminal spine, the point of angulationon outer margin with a group of three or more stout
spines ; style at base with a stout blackened lobe.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Mt. Donna Buang, above Warburton,
altitude 3000-3800 feet, :March 2, 1930 (F. E. Wilson).
AUotype, ~, Ben Cairn, above Millgrove, December 22,
1929 (F. E. Wilson).

Paratopotypes, 4 ~ (~.

166

Dr. C. P. Alexander o n

Molophilus congregatus, sp. n.
Belongs to the gracili8 group, ruficollis subgroup ; size
relatively large (wing, ~, over 4-5 ram.) ; general coloration
grey, the posterior pronotum obscure orange; anterior
lateral pretergites and knobs of halteres yellow ; scutellum
orange-yellow ; antennee and legs black ; wings strongly
tinged with blackish; male hypopygium with the basal
dististyle a small simple rod, gently sinuous to the blunt
tip.
Male.--Length about 4-4-5 mm. ; wing 4-7-5.3 mm.
Female.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.3-5-5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennm shortin both sexes, black throughout ; flagellar segments oval,
the verticils exceeding the segments. Head yellowish
grey, the orbits clearer grey.
Posterior pronotum obscure orange; anterior lateralpretergites yellow. Mesonotal prmscutum grey, with twointermediate dark brown stripes, the usual lateral
stripes not or b u t slightly indicated; scutum g r e y ;scutellum orange-yellow, in cases more or less obscured ;postnotum dark grey. Pleura dark grey. H~lteresdusky, the knobs conspicuously light yellow. Legs withthe cox~e g r e y ; trochanters b r o w n ; remainder of legs
black ; fore tibiae (~) without an evident modified basal
ring. Wings with a strong blackish tinge, the prearcularregion yellow; veins brownish black, darker than the
ground-colour. Venation : R 2 lying some distance distadof level of r - m ; m-cu strongly sinuous; vein 2nd A
ending about opposite the cephalic end of m-cu.
Abdomen dark grey, the hypopygium dark reddish
brown. Male hypopygium with the ventral lobe ofbasistyte stout. Both dististyles small, the outer black,weakly bifid at apex. BasM dististyle a paler simple rod,
subequal in length to the outer style b u t more slender,
gently sinuous to the blunt tip. Phallosomic structure
longer than broad, the entire surface with many microscopic punctures, together with a small apical tuft ofsetm.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype,(~, Thompson
River,
near Walhalla,
April 18-22, 1930 (_F. E. Wilson).
Allotopotype, ~.
]'ar~ttoTotypes , sevcral c~.

new or httle-known Tipulid~e.

167

Molophilus congregatus is very different from all allied
members of the subgroup. The following observations
on the occurrence of this species by Mr. Wilson are very
interesting :-" Thompson River, about two miles from the township,
is a typical shallow rocky-bottomed trout stream. At
a point where the stream-bed widened out, leaving wide
exposed stretches, this species occurs. About t w e n t ysquare yards of the dry bed were absolutely covered withthese crane-flies, so thick, indeed, t h a t a person could
not place another between any two. A number were
hiding beneath debris and stones. The m~jority of thespecimens were males, but a certain number of females
were. present, m a n y in copula. The flies rarely took wing,
contenting themselves with crawling about. A minuteexamination of the ground failed to show a single pupal
skin, either on the surface or beneath debris. A further
search of the water's edge and partly submerged stones
yielded nothing and it would seem t h a t the species might
be aquatic, leaving the cast pupal skin in the water
following emergence. No similar groups of these flies
were found elsewhere along the river-bed."~tIolophilus chloris inquirendus, subsp, n.
Very similar to typical chloris, Alexander, differing
especially in the details of structure of the male hypopygium.
Outer dististyle with the outer arm long and slender,
narrowed to an acute point ; inner arm narrowed at base,gently widened distally, the tip broadly obtuse. Basal
dististyle more blackened. Phallosomic structure a broad
flattened plate, the apex obtuse, gently crenulate.
Hab. Victoria.
Holoty23e, o~, Healesville, April 21, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).

Allc, tcpotype, o..
1)aratopotypes, 5 ~ .
Molophilus tersus, sp. n.
Male.---Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3.7-3.8 mm.
Female.--Length about 3.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.
Belongs to the pervagatus group ; allied to M. exquisitus,
Alexander, differing especially in the structure of themale hypopygium.

168

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Vertex obscure yellow, the central portion extensively
darkened. Mesonotal prmscutum ranging from lightbrown to reddish brown, the posterior sclerites of thenotum and the pleura dark b r o w n ; in cases, a vague
yellow spot between the sternopleurite and anepisternum.
Halteres bright yellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters yellow; femora yellow, with two black rings,
the apical ring broad, the subterminal ring narrow, subequal to the subterminal yellow ring ; tibim yellow, thetips blackened ; fore tibiae (~) with a very narrow black
subbasal ring; tarsi yellow, the tips of the individual
segments darker, the outer segments uniformly so.
Wings yellow, the basal and costal portions clearer yellow ;three conspicuous greyish cross-bands that are more orless complete, the outer including the wing-apex ; bandat cord broken on M ; basal band broader, extending
from M to axillary margin. Macrotrichia brown, forming
darker patches on the basal two cross-bands. Venation:vein 2nd A relatively short, Sc 1 ending just before thecaudal end of m-cu. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little brighter. Male hypopygium having thegeneral structure of exquisitws, but the outer basal
dististyle very distinct, appearing as a long slenderchitinized rod, broadest on basal half, thence gradually
narrowed to a long needle-like point; outer surface on
basal two-thirds with a series of conspicuous spines, theouter ones larger and more erect; from this point outwards there are numerous small appressed spines ; outersurface of style near the outer erect spine with conspicuous
erect setm.
Hab. New South Wales.
Holotype, ~, Eastern Dorrigo, altitude 2000-3000 feet,February 27, 1929 (W. Heron).
AUotopotype, 9.
Parato1~otypes , 2 ~ ~.
Molophilus subasper, sp. n.
Belongs to the pervagatus group ; allied to exquisitus ;mesonotum light brownish yellow, the posterior sclerites
and pleura dark b r o w n ; femora with two brown rings;
tibim tipped with brown, in male the fore tibim witha subbasal dark ring; wings yellow, clouded with palegreyish b r o w n ; male hypopygium with the outer disti-

new or little.known Tipulidm.

169

style terminating in a large simple h e a d ; outer basal
dististyle expanded outwardly, each angle produced intoa spinous point.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 3.3 ram. ; wing 4-1 ram.
Rostrum dark brown ; palpi brownish black. Antennae
with the scapal segments light yellow; basal segmentsof flagellum yellow, the outer segments more darkened4
outer flagellar segments fusiform, with very long conspicuous verticils. Head brownish grey, the centre of
the vertex somewhat darkened.
Mesonotal prmscutum light brownish yellow, narrowly
darkened laterally; posteriorly sclerites of mesonotum,
including the scutellum, darker brown. Pleura darkbrown, very vaguely marked with paler on the dorsal
sternopleurite ; dorsopleural region chiefly pale. Halteres
pale yellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters yellow ;femora yellow, with two dark rings, the outermost broad,darker brown, the inner ring subequal in width but muchpaler, both rings subequal to the pale yellow annulus
enclosed; tibim yellow, the tips narrowly dark brown;fore tibiae (c~) with a narrow darkened subbasal ring;tarsi brownish black, the proximal ends of basitarsi
narrowly yellowish. Wings yellowish, handsomely cloudedwith pale greyish brown, including an interrupted band
along the cord; an extensive diffuse washing across thedisk beyond the cord ; a broken band at the level of originof Rs, most evident in the anal field ; veins pale yellow,
darker in the clouded areas. Macrotrichia dark brown.
Venation: R2+a and R4+5 subequal ; petiole of cell M z
relatively short, about one-third longer than m - c u ;vein 2nd A ending just before to nearly opposite thecaudal end of m--cu.
Abdomen brown, the hypopygium more yellowish.
Male hypopygium with the apex of the basistyle broadly
truncate, the outer angle a little further produced, thecephalic portion similarly produced. Outer dististylewith an unusually large, simple, nearly circular head.
Outer basal dististyle a straight rod, narrowed at near
mid-length, expanded outwardly, the lateral angle with
two small chitinized teeth, the inner angle drawn out into
one or two long spines, with progressively smaller spinesat base ; apex of style between these angles with a conspicuous fringe of set~e. Inner basal dististyle a very
slender, nearly straight rod, shorter than the outer basal
Ann. & Ma~./. IV. Hist. Set. 10. Vol. vii.
12

170

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

dististyle. Phallosomic structure a more or less rectangular chitinized plate, the apex truncated to weakly
concave.
Hab. Victoria.
Holotype, ~, Healesville, April 21, 1929 (F. E. Wilson).
Molophilus subasper is readily told from M. exquisitus,
Alexander, and M. gracillimus, Alexander, by the structureof the male hypopygium.

Molophilus subhaztatus, sp. n.
Belongs to the pervagatus group; allied to haztatus;
general coloration of mesonotum brown, without a reddish
tinge ; pleura dark brown, the dorsal sternopleurite moreyellowish; femora obscure yellow, the tips narrowly
blackened; wings greyish brown, vaguely marked with
subhyafine and darker b r o w n ; male hypopygium withthe outer basal dististyle a long, nearly straight rod, acuteat apex, before tip with numerous weak setul~e ; innerbasal dististyle a small rod that is expanded at apex
into a small unarmed spatulate head.
Male.--Length about 2.5 mm. ; wing 3-3.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae moderately
elongate, if bent backward extending about to the wingroot ; first segment of scape fight yellow ; remainder oforgan dark brown. Head yellow, the centre of vertex
extensively infuscated.
Anterior lateral pretergites sulphur-yellow. Mesonotal
pr~escutum moderately dark brown, without reddish
tints; pseudosutural fove~e and tuberculate pits blackened;
posterior sclerites of mesonotum stiff darker. Pleura
dark brown, the dorsal sternopleurite with a yellowish
area. Halteres fight sulphur-yellow. Legs with theeoxm and trochanters testaceous-yellow ; femora obscureyellow, the tips narrowly blackened; tibim yellowish
brown, the tips darkened ; fore tibiae (~) with a conspicuous blackened subbasal ring; tarsi dark brown.
Wings tinged with greyish brown, the base more yellowish ;somewhat more hyaline areas before and beyond the cord,
which is lightly seamed with darker ; veins pale brown, theprearcular veins more yellowish. Macrotrichia darkbrown. Venation: vein 2nd A ending about opposite
the caudal end of m-cu.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with theeuter dististyle trilobed at apex. Outer basal dististylenew or little-known Tipulid~.

171

a long, nearly straight or gently sinuous rod, the tip
acute, on distal third with scattered erect to subappressed
setula~. Inner basal dististyle nearly two-thirds thelength of the outer, appearing as a gently sinuous rod,at apex dilated into a small unarmed spatula.
Hab. Victoria, Tasmania.
Holotype, ~, Monbulk, Victoria, J a n u a r y 28, 1929
(F. E. Wilson).
Paratypes, c~, Ben Cairn, near MiUgrove, Victoria,
in beech gully, altitude 2900-3200 feet, February 9, 1929
(F. E. Wilson) ; c~, Wilmot, Tasmania, J a n u a r y 8, 1923
(A. Tonnoir).
There has been an unfortunate confusion between thepresent species and M. hastatus, Alexander.
In theoriginal description of the latter (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(9) xx. pp. 359-361, 1927) the Wflmot specimen there
mentioned pertains to M. subhastatus and is herewith
made a paratype. Similarly, the description of the malehypopygium is that of M. subhastatus. The hypopygiumof true hastatus is very similar to that of pulchripes,
Skuse. The three species mentioned are readily separable
by the coloration and details of structure of the malehypopygium. M. pulchripes and M. subhastatus aredarker species, with the mesonotum brown to dark brown ;M. hastatus has the mesonotum rich reddish brown tofulvous.

Molophilus ea~tellum, sp. n.
Belongs to the pervagatus group ; similar to tmlchripe,$in the length of the antennae and general coloration;
male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a simple,
narrowly triangular head ; outer basal dististyle long andslender, the spinous distal third with microscopic setul~e.
Mede.--Length about 3 ram. ; wing about 3 ram.
Antennae relatively elongate, if bent backward extending
about to the halteres; scapal segmonts yellow, theflagellum brownish black ; in trianguliferus the antennae
are much shorter, not or scarcely attaining the wing-root.
Mesonotal prmscutum reddish brown, the lateralpretergites conspicuously light sulphur-yellow ; posteriorselerites of mesonotum dark brown. Pleura dark brown,with a narrow pale longitudinal stripe on dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres with the knobs more or less covered
with dark setee. Legs with the femora yellow, the tips
12 *

172

Prof. H. B. Hungerford on a

narrowly darkened. Male hypopygium with the outerdististyle a simple, narrowly triangular head, much as
in trianguliferus b u t narrower, the greatest width of
the head being about two-thirds the length, narrowed
gradually to a blunt point. Outer basal dististylea long slender curved rod, the distal third narrowed
into a blackened spine, its outer margin with microscopic
setul~e. Inner basal dististyle a stouter, more nearlystraight rod, the distal fourth with microscopic appressed
serrations, the style much as in pervagatus.
Hab. New South Wales.
Holotype, c~, Murrumbidgee River, Federal Capitol
Territory, October 5, 1929 (A. Tonnoir).
Mololohilus capitellum much resembles species such as
M. pulchripes, Skuse, and M. pusio, Alexander, differingfrom all such forms in the simple outer dististyle of themale hypopygium. The latter structure is narrower,b u t generally similar in form to that found in M. triangulifetus, Alexander, an otherwise very different species.
X I I . - - A new Velia from Trinidad (Hemiptera, Veliid~e).
By Prof. H. ]3. HU~OV,RrORD, Department of Entomology, Kansas University, Lawrence.
THE British Museum received recently from Dr. andMrs. J. G. Myers a series of sixteen specimens of a handsome new Velia which they captured in Trinidad * This
species belongs to the Velia inver~glas, Kirkaldy, group,
which I designated in the 'Annals of the EntomologicalSociety of America,' vol. xxii. p. 761 (1929). It resembles
Velia albotrimaculata, Kirkaldy, the type of which I haveseen in the Royal Museum at Brussels, but differs both instructure and certain colour-markings from that species ~.

Velia myersi, sp. n.
Size.--Length 7.2 mm. to 8.7 ram. ; width of head
1-2 mm. to 1.3 ram. ; width across humeri 2.35 mm. to
2.75 ram.
* [While visiting the M u s e u m , Dr. Myers told us t h a t this species
i n h a b i t e d t h e surface of water a c c u m u l a t e d in holes in tree-trunks, a n dt h a t in t h e s e m i - d a r k n e s s of s u c h s i t u a t i o n s only the white spots werevisible, m o v i n g about in a ghost-like m a n n e r . - - W . E. CHI~CA.]t Vide Hungerford, H. B., " Concerning Velia inveruglas, Kirkaldy,
a n d related F o r m s , " A n n a l s E n t . Soc. America, vol. xxiii, p. 120.