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KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
Nation Religion KingThe 3rd International Workshop and 7th Annual Meeting of Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA), Manila, Philippines 21‐23 September 2011

P het PICHHARA

Wastewater Treatment Facilities inShihanouk and Siem Reap Province

Ministry of Environment
Dept. of Environmental Pollution Control

Outline1.

Introduction

2.

Legislation Relating to Wastewater Management(WWM).

3.

Wastewater Treatment Facility in SH and SR
P iProvince.
Note :‐ SH = Shihanouk Province‐ SR = Siemreap Province1

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1. Introduction ‐1 / 55‐‐
• Rapid population growth leading to highdemand for water use for domestic such as
household, business center, hotel, guesthouseand restaurant, ..etc other development
process.
• As a result, a lot of treated and untreatedwastewater discharge into public water source,
retention wetland, and combined sewage .

1. Introduction – 1 / 55‐‐
• In order to protect water quality and water
environment, the RG has its policy by seeking
fund and investor to build wastewater
treatment plant in some potential areas.
• Several provinces and cities are at a glance of
the RGC toward the proper environment andsanitation, especially the ESM of wastewater.

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1. Introduction – 2 / 5 ‐• According to limit operational budget, up tonow onlyy two main provinces
phas urban
wastewater treatment plant are : SH and SR
province, due to :– Rapid growth of population,– Fast developing,– Tourist region/areas.

1. Introduction – 3 / 55‐‐
• Problem identification– Rapid population growth,– Fast developing,– Tourist area,– Frequent flooding ,– Negative impact on public safety3

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1. Introduction – 4 / 5 ‐• Problem identification ‐contcont‐‐– Inundation of properties by combined storm waterrun off and wastewater,– Negative impact on public safety, access, publichealth, and the aesthetic quality of the urban
environment significantly diminish the amenity of
the area for the support tourism.

1. Introduction – 5 / 5 ‐• Purpose– Preserve tourism resource by preventing
environmental pollution , and enhance thedistrict’s natural scenery ,– Improve hygienic and sanitary condition byexpending wastewater treatment plants,– Improve environmental friendliness byimplementing sludge composition to recycle
resource.

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2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 1 / 6 ‐• With the application of encouragement
principle to investors who aimed atd ldeveloping
wastewater treatment facility
f lsome specific laws were approved such as :– Law on Environmental Protection and natural
Resource management,– Sub
Sub‐‐Decree on Water Pollution Control (April 6,1999) :• Guideline on boosting sub
sub‐‐decree on water pollution
control, and• Declaration on water pollution control monitoring at
pollution source.

2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 2 /6 ‐• Law on Environmental Protection and natural
Resource management ‐contcont‐‐
Purpose of the law– The law, in common, addressed the summarized on
Environmental field,– The law has identified to set up related subsub‐‐decrees
as required,59/22/2011

2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 3 / 66‐‐
• Law on Environmental Protection and natural
Resource management ‐contcont‐‐
Feature of the law– Water quality protection and conservation issignificantly mentioned in the Chapter (iii) and (vi) :• These Chapters indicate the initiatives inmanagement and protection water environment
against all kinds of point and nonnon‐‐point sources ofpollution.

2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 4 / 66‐‐• Sub
Sub‐‐decree on WPC
Purpose of the subsub‐‐decree– To minimize and phase out various activities that
tend to pollute and/or polluted public water areas,including :• Improve wastewater management for sustaining goodwater quality suitable to human desires.
• Another key point of the Sub
Sub‐‐Decree was mentioned theresponsibilities and obligation of owner/master ofpollution sources in water environment management.

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2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 5 /6 ‐• Sub
Sub‐‐decree on WPC ‐contcont‐‐
Feature of the sub‐sub‐decree– The Sub‐
Sub‐Decree commonly focuses on:• The routine monitoring of water quality at public water
areas and effluent, which discharged from industrial andother pollution sectors.
• Clearly mentioned about proper treated wastewater,
based on the effluent standard, can be discharged into
receiving water, otherwise, the MoE will take action tofine who violated the legal tool.

2. Legislation Relating to WWM – 6 /6 ‐• Sub
Sub‐‐decree on WPC ‐contcont‐‐
Feature of the sub‐sub‐decree– Additionally,Additionally the Sub‐
Sub‐Decree include standard for:
• The public water areas and effluent standard.
• The type of pollution sources required having a permission
from MoE before discharging or transporting theirwastewater.
• Water Quality Standard in public water areas for bio
bio‐‐diversity conservation.
• Water Quality Standard in public water areas for publichealth protection.

– Law on Water Resource Management, and– Other relating legislations.

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3.WWT Plant in SH Province

3. WWT Facilities in SH and SR province
WWT Plant in SH province ‐ 1 / 9 ‐• Design background– Project : Sihanouk Province Development Project(Part C : WW Management ),– ADB Loan No.1725/2013
No.1725/2013‐‐CAM (SF): 11.9 Mil‐
Mil‐USD ,– Consultant : Nippon Jogesuido Sekkei Co. Ltd (Japan)
cooperated with Sheladia (USA) and SAWAC (Cambodia)– Constractor
Constractor:: Hyudai Engineering cooperated with Seng
Enterprise ( Cambodia),8

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3. WWT Facilities in SH and SR province
WWT Plant in SH Province – 2 / 9 ‐• Design background ‐contcont‐‐– Duration : 2 year (2003‐(2003‐2005).
2005)– Station site : covers 16.2000 m2.
– The designed capacity : 5700m3/day of WW,– The actual capacity: 5000m3/day of WWT– Cover area : Mettapheap district ( 1/3 of total
households in Mettapheap district)

3. WWT Facilities in SH and SR province
WWT Plant in SH Province – 3 / 9 ‐• WWT Tank
– WWT tank consisted of 8 ponds including:• 4 anaerobic pond,• 2 facultative pond, and• 2 maturation pond.

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3. WWT Facilities in SH and SR province
WWT Plant in SH Province – 4 / 9 ‐Flowchart of WWT ProcessAP‐‐1AP
FP‐‐1FP

FP‐‐1FP

FP‐‐2FP

FP‐‐2FPAP‐‐2APAP‐‐3APAP‐‐4AP

Raw Effluent

Treated Effluent

WWT Plant in SH Province ‐ 5 / 9 ‐Lesson learned
Best Practice
Production of Campaigningp g g Materials• T‐shirt printing,• Information booklet,• Posters,• Bill boards installed along TCD channel
and in public areas,• Bill boards printed on TUK‐TUK‐TUK.

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WWT Plant in SH Province ‐ 6 / 9 ‐Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐• Best practice– Implementation of sewer service fees payment:• The collection fees base on the InterInter‐‐Ministerial
PROKAS No. 2881 SK dated of 17 November 2006,• The procedure for fees collection include:– Service charge for connection,– Monthly user fees for sewer collection andtreatment and maintenance.

WWT Plant in SH Province ‐ 7 / 9 ‐Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐• Best practice– Implementation of sewer service fees payment:• The fees collection as classified, with respect tothe type of user:– Residential,– Hotels,– Guesthouses,– Restaurants, ..
– Other type of customers,…..etc11

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WWT Plant in SH Province ‐ 8 / 9 ‐Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐Best practice• Category of fees collection ‐Service Payment
No
1

Type of Customers
Residential

Service Network
Connection Fee $Monthly Service Fees $from 10$ to 40$

from 1 $ to 3.5$

2Hotelss
Hotelfrom 50$ to 15$

from 8.5$ to 52$

3

G thGuesthouses
Guesthousesffrom20$ tot 60$

f
from3.5$
3 5$ tot 9$4

Restaurantss
Restaurant

from 30$ to 80$

from 4$ to 37$

5

Other type of customers

from 10$ to 72$

from 20$ to 53$

WWT Plant in SH Province ‐ 9 / 9 ‐Learned –cont‐cont‐• Best practice– Monitoring:• There is a LAB but few TWW quality monitoringhas been conducted per year,• MoE
M E regularlyl l ttakes
k TWW samples
l tto analyzel1 time for 3 months.

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3.WWT Plant in SR Province

WWT Plant in SR province ‐ 1 / 9 ‐• Design background– Project : Mekong Tourism Development Project(Part A1 : SR WW Management ),– ADB Loan No.1969
No.1969‐‐CAM (SF)– Consultant : NJS Co. , Ltd (Japan),– Contractor: China National Aero‐Aero‐Technology
International Engineering Cooperation (CATIC).

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WWT Plant in SR Province – 2 / 9 ‐• Design background ‐contcont‐‐– Duration : 2 year (2007‐(2007‐2009).
2009)– Station site : covers 203,000 m2.
– Designed capacity: 14,000m3/day– Actual capacity : 3000m3/day– Cover area : 2 communes and western part of SRriver.

WWT Plant in SR Province – 3 / 9 ‐Existing Flow Condition
ManholeBuilding
Sewer

Existing Sewer
SystemTown Center Drain (TCD)

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WWT Plant in SR Province – 4 / 99‐‐
Flow Condition After Project
Flowchart

Rice Field

Building
Sewer
Flap Valve

Inceptor Chamber forWW

Town Center Drain

Pumping Station
TreatmentWWT Plant in SR Province ‐ 5 / 99‐‐
Lesson Learned• Best practicep– Awareness campaigning program:• Production and implementation for behavior changes
and childhood,• Production of media and dissemination for sewer
service fees payment base on InterInter‐‐Ministerial PRAKAS .

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WWT Plant in SR Province ‐ 6 / 9 ‐Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐Best Practice
Production of Campaigningp g g Materials• T‐shirt printing,• Information booklet,• Posters,• Bill boards installed along TCD channel
and in public areas,• Bill boards printed on TUK‐TUK‐TUK.

WWT Plant in SR Province ‐ 7 / 9 ‐Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐Best PracticeCampaigning workshop and training• Project site visit,• Campaigning workshop on Operation andManagement of SR WW system (local,government officers and customers,..etc),• Dissemination programs for communities
of sewer service user of WWT.

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WWT Plant in SR Province ‐ 8 / 99‐‐
Lesson learned –cont‐cont‐Best practice• Categoryg y of fees collection ‐Service PaymentNo

Type of Customers

Service NetworkConnection Fee $Monthly Service Fees $1Private Residentialfrom 20.5$ to 52$

from 1 $ to 9.5$

2Hotelss
Hotelfrom 41$ to 225$

from 8.5$ to 52$

3Guesthousess
Guesthousefrom 20.5$ to 72$

from 7.5$ to 36$

4

Restaurantss
Restaurant

from 41$ to 62$

from 9.5$ to 47$

5

Other type of customers

from 10$ to 72$

from 10$ to 23$

WWT Plant in SR Province ‐ 9 /9 ‐Lesson learned –contcont‐‐
Best practicei– Environmental monitoring:• Installed own LAB• Sample taken ( 1 time/ month, )• Parameter for analysis BOD, COD, pH, temperature,nutrient, DO, coliform
coliform,, TSS, TDS, ..etc• MoE is also conducted monitoring on TWW for
3 time per year.

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Gaps for WWT Application and ServicePROVINCE

GAPS• Limit understanding and some of them reluctant topay ffor TWW ffrom th
theiri hhouse,• Limit capacity to monitoring ands test on wastewater
after treated that require more skillful officers for
quality monitoring and testing,

Shihanouk• Insufficiency of LAB facilities including reagents,reagents,• In practical,
practical only 3,800m3
3 800m3 is collected (total volume=5,700m3) that require more connection to further
households and other areas,
areas,

Gaps for WWT Application and Service –cont‐cont‐PROVINCE

GAPS• Limit understanding and some of them reluctant topay for TWW from their house,• Lack of participation (only 40% are interested),interested),

Siemreap• Only 70 % for network connection has been done,•There is no plan to extend capacity for WWT tank,•Lack or resource.

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Opportunities• Lesson learned for government to set up any kind of effective

mechanism to the future,‐ To gain the increasing public participation,‐ Encourage private partner/ investor, supporting by existing legislations• Improve hygienic and sanitary condition by expending
wastewater treatment plants,• Maintain and pprotect the environmental and natural resource,
including aesthetic‐
aesthetic‐ those are basic of the development of green
tourist (one main pillar addressing in the rectangular strategy,
second phase of the RGC) .

Thank you for your attention!

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