Progress of Water Environment
Governance in Viet Nam
Nguyen Minh Cuong,
Deputy Director, Department of Science,
Technology and International Co-operation
The 14th WEPA Annual Meeting
22 February 2019
Tokyo1

Facts and statistics of water quality
Table No 1: Water quality to be calculated using WQI according to Decision 879/QĐ-TCMT,2011 by Viet Nam Environment Administration are shown in values from 0-100
WQI value

Explanation

Color code

91 - 100

Good for drinking water supplyBlue

76 - 90

Good for drinking water supply with special treatment options

Green51 - 75

Good for agricultural activities

Yellow

26 - 50

Good for waterway transportation

Orange0 - 25

Heavily polluted water needs treatment before usageRed2

Facts and statistics of water quality
Rất tốtTốt

Trung bìnhRất kém

Kém

LVS Mê Công (VN), 91.4
LVHTS Đồng Nai, 24.7
LVS Sêsan - Sêrêpok, 6.7

Trung bình, LVHTS Đồng Nai,Kém, LVHTS Đồng Nai, 4.6
36.0

Tốt, LVHTS Đồng Nai, 33.5
Tốt, LVS Sêsan - Sêrêpok, 93.3

LVS Vu Gia - Thu Bồn, 39.3

Trung bình, LVS Vu Gia - ThuBồn, 14.7

Tốt, LVS Vu Gia - Thu Bồn, 46.0

LVS Cả - La, 0.0

Trung bình, LVS Cả - La, 57.1
LVS Mã, 31.6

Tốt, LVS Mã, 55.8

Trung bình, LVS Mã, 10.5

LVS Hồng - Thái Bình, 83.6
LVS Nhuệ - Đáy, Tốt,5.3 LVS Nhuệ - Đáy, 17.8

Tốt, LVS Hồng - Thái Bình, 16.4

Trung bình, LVS Nhuệ - Đáy,38.5Kém, LVS Nhuệ - Đáy, 15.9 Rất kém, LVS Nhuệ - Đáy, 22.6

LVS Cầu, 37.6

Tốt, LVS Cầu, 37.6

Tổng quan, 41.4

Tốt, Tổng quan, 30.9

Trung bình, LVS Cầu,Kém,
19.5 LVS Cầu, 5.2
Trung bình, Tổng quan,Kém,
19.3 Tổng quan, 4.4Chart No 1: WQI values for 10 main river basins in Viet Nam from 2013-20173

Facts and statistics of domestic wastewater
management

Chart No 2: Generation of domestic waste water in 6 regions in Viet Nam

4Facts and statistics of domestic wastewater
management

Chart No 3: Ratio of meet-the-standard waste water treatment plant in 5 types ofcities in Viet Nam

5Facts and statistics of domestic wastewater
management
Generation of waste water(m3/day night)

PROVINCE/CITIESRuralUrban
1

Tp. Hồ Chí Minh2

1.750.000-Bình Dương

133.884

2.692

3

Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu

128.960-4Nghệ An

74.352

195.913

5An Giang

75.000175.000

6

Phú Thọ

30.63089.2307

Bắc Ninh

50.00040.0008Đồng Tháp

30.35857.801

9Khánh Hòa

22.0002.606

10Hậu Giang

14.92046.707

11

Hà Giang

2.719

6.943

Table No 2: Generation of domestic waste water in several provinces in Viet Nam

6Facts and statistics of Industrial wastewater
management
PROVINCE/CITIESGeneration of waste wate (m3/day night)

1

Tp. Hồ Chí Minh143.7012Bình Dương136.700

3

Hà Nội75.0004

Bắc Ninh

65.0005

Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu

56.8806Nghệ An26.578

7Ninh Bình13.0008Đồng Tháp

12.477

9Khánh Hòa

10.000

10Thanh Hóa

2.800

Table No 3: Generation of industrial waste water in several provinces in Viet Nam

7Facts and statistics of Industrial wastewater
management
250

200

150

100500Số KCN đi vào hoạt độngTỷ lệ % KCN, KCX đang hoạt động có hệ thống xử lýnước thải tập trung2014
2092015
212

2016
220

75.5

84.4

86

Chart No 4: Ratio in percentage of waste water treatment plants in industrial parks inViet Nam

8

Legislative framework for water environmental
governance
LAW ON ENV. PROTECTION2014
20 chapters, 179 articles

1. Water quality management
and control of discharge tothe water environment
2.
Management
wastewaterof

3. Supportive tools tomanagement
ofwaterenvironment

LAW ON WATERRESOURCES 20121.
Prevention
ofwater
pollution, degradation andshortage
2. Monitoring
resourcesofwater

3. Water resources protection
corridor
9Institutional framework for water environmental
governance
MONRE
&MOC

MONRE
&MOC

MONRE,
MPI &MOF

Policy andLegal
Development

Programs&Projects

Bugdetallocations &management

Investment

Operations&Maintenance

DONRE
&DOC

DONRE
&DOC

Investors

Companies

Provicial
PC

Water supplyand SewageCo.

MONRE&MOC

Supervision&Control

10Water quality monitoring framework• Legal framework for monitoring:• Decree 127/2014/ND-CP, 2014 providing regulation on conditions andrequirements of monitoring services• Decree 38/2015/ND-CP on the management of waste and secondary
materials• Monitoring activities• MONRE maintaining annual monitoring programs for surface water at 360
locations with frequency of 4-5 round per year; at 100 locations in urban andindustrial areas with frequency of 3-6 round per year.
• Provincial DONREs maintaining annual monitoring programs for surface waterat 5 – 30 locations with frequency of 2-6 round per year varies by provinces.
• There are 23 central government-operated automatic monitoring station and80 provincial government-operated stations.
• There are 420 automatic monitoring stations operated by industry
11

Enforcement instruments for water environment
management• Legal framework for inspection:• Decree 155/2016/ND-CP on the administrative penalties in the field ofenvironmental protection• Decree 142/2013/ND-CP on the administrative penalties in the field of water
resources and minerals• Enforcement activities• 2013 – 2018, MONRE has implemented inspection at more than 3,000entities. 1,400 entities among those had violations and paid the penalties
equivalent to 200 bil. VND.
• Provincial DONREs also organised more than 2,300 inspections at 9,300
entities including companies, industrial parks, 4,100 entities among those got
the administrative penalties.
12

Enforcement instruments for water environment
management
Provinces
I
1
2
3
4
5
II
1
2
3
45
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
78
91011LVS Cầu năm 2016
Bắc KạnThái NguyênBắc GiangBắc NinhHải DươngLVS Nhuệ - Đáy năm 2016
Hà NamHòa BìnhNam ĐịnhNinh BìnhHà Nội
LVHTS Đồng Nai năm 2017
Tp. Hồ Chí MinhĐồng NaiBình DươngBình PhướcBà Rịa Vũng Tàu
Long AnTây Ninh
Lâm ĐồngĐắc NôngNinh ThuậnBình Thuận

Number of entities

No of violations

Penalties total (in VND)

14104
155
48
181

06
27
90
08
13

358.880.000
330.000.000
9.500.000.000
1.058.000.000
2.121.500.000

2462
22
46
1.667

14
12
494

1.199.500.000
374.760.000
245.000.000
9.651.750.000

91
453
80
216
08
15
39207
4226-

>10.000.000.000
2.262.660.000
1.208.070.000>600.000.000-

Table No 4: Enforcement results of 2016, 2017 in water environment compliance three main river basins in Viet Nam

13Future targets/plans, issues and challenges ofwater environment governance
1. Review Law on Environmental Protection and under-law legal
documents
2. Strengthening the capacity of the institutional framework to
avoid overlapping areas in water governance at the central andlocal level
3. Issue policy and regulation to promote the development ofenvironmental technology for waste water treatment
4. Development of policies that promote cooperation between
government agencies, private sectors and civil society; policies
to promote privatization and investment to wastewater
treatment and management
14

Thank you for your attention!

Nguyen Minh Cuong, Deputy Director,
Department of Science, Technology and International Co-operation,
Viet Nam Environment Administration, MONRE, Viet Nam
Email: nmcuong68@gmail.com. Tel: +84903406458

15