Species Diversity 22: 73–79
25 May 2017
DOI: 10.12782/sd.22_73

Records of Spottobrotula mahodadi (Ophidiiformes:
Ophidiidae) and Hapalogenys bengalensis (Perciformes:
Hapalogenyidae) from the Andaman Sea,
with a Note on the Fresh Coloration of S. mahodadi
Mizuki Matsunuma1,4, Tomohiro Yoshida2, and Hiroyuki Motomura3
1 Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan

E-mail: k1139853@kadai.jp

2 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
3 The Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
4 Corresponding author(Received 18 April 2016; Accepted 4 November 2016)
Two specimens of Spottobrotula mahodadi Cohen and Nielsen, 1978 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae), collected from theAndaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean, represent the second record of the species, previously known only from the holotype, also from the Andaman Sea. The fresh coloration of S. mahodadi is described for the first time. In addition, a single
specimen of Hapalogenys bengalensis Mohapatra, Ray, and Kumar, 2013 (Perciformes: Hapalogenyidae) previously known
only from its type locality off West Bengal, India (northern Bay of Bengal), was collected from the Andaman Sea and represents the first record of the species for that region.
Key Words: first record, distribution, morphology, Indian Ocean, Thailand.

Introduction
Records of Spottobrotula mahodadi Cohen and Nielsen,
1978 (Ophidiidae) have not been verified since the original description by Cohen and Nielsen (1978) on the basisof only the holotype collected off Barren Island (Andaman
Islands) in the Andaman Sea. The Arabian Sea specimen referred to that species by Cohen and Nielsen (1982) was subsequently described as a new species, Spottobrotula mossambica Nielsen, Schwarzhans, and Uiblein, 2014. Similarly, no
additional specimens of Hapalogenys bengalensis Mohapatra, Ray, and Kumar, 2013 [Hapalogenyidae; family placement following Mohapatra et al. (2013)] are known since
the original description based on 14 specimens collected off
West Bengal, India in the northern Bay of Bengal. Two specimens of S. mahodadi and a single specimen of H. bengalensis were collected from the Andaman Sea and are reported
herein as the second and first records, respectively, of thosespecies from that region.

Materials and Methods
Methods of counts and measurements generally followed
Nielsen et al. (1999, 2014) for Spottobrotula and Iwatsuki etal. (2000) for Hapalogenys. Counts of the median-fin raysand vertebrae were based on X-ray photographs. Otolithmorphology of Spottobrotula could not be checked because
the specimens were in poor condition. Standard length is

abbreviated as SL. The distribution map was prepared using
Quantum GIS 2.2 (Quantum GIS Development Team 2014),
with data from ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009) and
GSHHG (Wessel and Smith 1996). All specimens examinedin this study are deposited in the Kagoshima University Museum (KAUM), Kagoshima; and the Thailand Natural History Museum (THNHM), Pathum Thani, including a sample of Hapalogenys merguiensis Iwatsuki, Satapoomin, andAmaoka, 2000 [KAUM–I. 33394, 119.4 mm SL, Andaman
Sea (obtained at fishing port at Bang Rin, Mueang Ranong,
Ranong Province, Thailand), bottom trawl].
Spottobrotula mahodadi Cohen and Nielsen, 1978
(Figs 1, 2; Table 1)
Material examined. KAUM–I. 33115, 308.6 mm SL,
Andaman Sea (obtained at fish market at Mahachai, SamutPrakan Province, Thailand), bottom trawl; THNHM-F
13331, 267.6 mm SL, Andaman Sea (obtained at fishing port
at Bang Rin, Mueang Ranong, Ranong Province, Thailand),bottom trawl.
Description. Meristics and measurements expressedas percentages of SL shown in Table 1. Body robust andoblong, well compressed posteriorly, with pointed caudal
fin; lateral line slightly upwardly curved above pectoral fin,reaching caudal-fin base; anus just before anal-fin origin.
Head moderately large, its length 4.2–4.3 in SL; snout blunt,slightly protruding beyond upper jaw; mouth moderately
large, maxilla expanded posteriorly, with slightly concave
posterior margin, extending beyond vertical through pos© 2017 The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

74

Mizuki Matsunuma et al.

Fig. 1. Fresh specimens of Spottobrotula mahodadi from the Andaman Sea. A, THNHM-F 13331, 267.6 mm SL; and B, KAUM–I. 33155,
308.6 mm SL.

Fig. 2. Map showing previously known records of Spottobrotula
mahodadi (square) and Hapalogenys bengalensis (circle); and location of Bang Rin, Ranong Province, Thailand where the present
specimens of the two species were obtained without precise collection locality details (see Remarks for S. mahodadi) (star). Note: one
specimen of S. mahodadi was obtained at a fish market in Mahachai, near Bangkok without precise locality details, but it was considered to be from the Andaman Sea.

terior margin of orbit; lower jaw slightly protruding beyond
tip of upper jaw; lips with numerous papillae; eyes moderately large, orbit diameter smaller than snout length, snout
length 1.3 times orbit diameter; anterior nostril located at
approximate midpoint of straight line between anterior
margin of eye and snout tip, with very short raised rim andsmall skin flap; posterior nostril a simple pore just in frontof eye. Both jaws with narrow teeth bands of ca. 5–7 rows ofsmall, pointed conical teeth anteriorly, width of teeth banddecreasing posteriorly; palatine with moderately long teeth
band of ca. 7 irregular rows of small pointed teeth, width ofteeth band decreasing posteriorly; vomerine teeth band subtriangular with posterior margin deeply concaved, its anterior tip broad and rounded, with many small, conical teeth;
an elongate median tooth patch on basibranchial. Opercle
with a short strong spine, its tip not reaching posterior
margin of gill cover; no spines on preopercle. Anterior gillarch with a small knob and 3 short robust rakers on upper
limb, a long raker at angle, 6 or 7 long rakers on lower limb,
and 7 small knobs on hypobranchial segment; longest raker
slightly shorter than longest gill filament. Infraorbital pores
6, comprising 3 large slit-shaped anterior pores and 3 verysmall posterior pores; supraorbital pore single; mandibularpores 6; lower preopercular pore single. Head and body, including maxilla, covered with overlapping, elongate cycloid
scales; small cycloid basal scales extending onto almostNew fish records from the Andaman Sea

Table 1.

75

Meristics and morphometrics of Spottobrotula mahodadi from the Andaman Sea, expressed as percentages of SL.
Nielsen et al. (2014)

Present study
KAUM–I. 33115

THNHM-F13331

Holotype

Dorsal-fin rays
Caudal-fin rays
Anal-fin rays
Pectoral-fin rays
Pelvic-fin rays
Pseudobranchial filaments
Long rakers on anterior gill arch
Total gill rakers
Dorsal-fin rays before level of anal-fin origin
Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line
Precaudal vertebrae
Total vertebrae

107
9
81
30
2
40
10
18
27
18
16
58

105
9
81
30
2
29
10
17
27
18
16
58

104
8
78
30
2
35
11
16
30
18
15
56

SL (mm)Head length (% SL)
Body depth at anal-fin origin
Upper-jaw length
Posterior height of maxillary
Diameter of eye window
Interorbital width
Postorbital length
Pre-pelvic-fin lengthPre-anal-fin lengthPre-dorsal-fin length
Pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin
Pectoral-fin length
Pelvic-fin length

308.6
23.0
18.4
11.8
2.9
4.8
6.2
13.2
15.0
45.8
24.3
32.9
13.5
24.4

267.6
23.7
18.1
12.1
3.0
5.3
5.6
13.2
16.4
44.2
25.2
29.8
13.8
26.7

216
22.0
19.0
10.5
2.7
4.6
5.7
12.5
17.5
43.5
24.0
28.0
12.0
22.5

entire surface of dorsal and pectoral fins, and about basal
half of anal and caudal fins; lips, ventral surface of lower
jaw, pectoral axilla, and branchiostegal membrane withoutscales. Dorsal-fin origin above pectoral-fin base; anal-fin
origin clearly anterior to mid-body, situated below base of
28th or 31st dorsal-fin ray; caudal fin connected with dorsal and anal fins. Pectoral fin moderately large with rounded
contour; a prominent skin flap above its base. Pelvic-fin basesituated below preopercle, rays thick, extremely long, extending beyond a vertical through pectoral-fin tip but clearly not reaching anus when depressed, with numerous small
papillae distally.
Fresh coloration (Fig. 1). Head and body entirely greyish-white or pale brown (head silvery-white in THNHM-F
13331 due to missing scales); anterodorsal body and dorsal
head blackish; anus whitish; lateral line with blackish tinge.
Body with about 26 (THNHM-F 13331) or 10 (KAUM–I.
33115; partially faded due to missing scales) rounded darkbrown to black spots, their size slightly smaller than orbit
diameter, irregularly scattered on upper two-thirds of body,
including ca. 7 spots along dorsal-fin base in THNHM-F
13331 (condition unconfirmed in KAUM–I. 33115). Iris
dark yellow in KAUM–I. 33115, dark red in THNHM-F
13331 (most likely bloodied); orbit rim blackish marginally.
Ground color of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins greyish-whiteor pale brown. Dorsal fin with ca. 13 (THNHM-F 13331) or
7 (KAUM–I. 33115) dark brown to black spots, including alarge spot (slightly larger than orbit diameter) on anterior-most portion of fin close to fin origin, similar sized spot atlevel of mid-body, remaining smaller spots being scatteredirregularly. Posteriormost portion of dorsal fin, caudal fin
and entire anal fin with broad black margin, its width one
third of fin height on anterior portion of anal fin. Pectoral
fin black. Pelvic-fin rays white, with slight blackish tinge. In
preserved condition, head, body and fins becoming darker;
spot marking clearly retained.
Remarks. The present specimens are clearly identified
as Spottobrotula in having the following diagnostic characters proposed by Nielsen et al. (1999, 2014): dorsal-fin origin situated before the third vertebrae; the head and bodyfully scaled; the pelvic fins with two rays in each boundtogether with tough skin; no spines on the preopercle; an
opercular spine short, not reaching the posterior margin of
the opercle; a prominent skin flap above base of the pectoral fin; 10 prolonged gill rakers on the anterior gill arch; 29
or 40 pseudobranchial filaments; a single median basibranchial tooth patch; granular teeth present on the palatines; 16precaudal vertebrae; dorsal part of the head and body withrather large dark spots; and the dorsal fin with about twolarge black blotches.
In their review of Spottobrotula, Nielsen et al. (2014) recognized three species, S. mahodadi, S. mossambica, and S.
persica, describing the latter two as new. The present specimens were identical with S. mahodadi, having the following
diagnostic characters described by Nielsen et al. (2014): pelvic fins located below the preopercle (versus below the end

76

Mizuki Matsunuma et al.

of the upper jaw in S. mossambica and S. persica); pre-pelvic-fin length 15.0%–16.4% SL (17.5% SL in holotype) (versus 10.5%–13.0% SL in S. mossambica; 13.0%–14.0% SL in
S. persica); scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 18 (versus 14 or 15 in both species); and pectoralfin rays 30 (versus 23–26; 23 or 24, respectively). Moreover,
specific dark spots on the sides of the body extending onto
the dorsal fin of the present specimens matched that featureof the S. mahodadi holotype (versus a broad dark band fromthe eye to behind the pectoral fin and three black ocelli on
the dorsal fin in S. mossambica; and no black markings on
the head or body in S. persica) (Cohen and Nielsen 1978;
Nielsen et al. 2014). Some minor meristic and morphometric differences found between the present specimens and theholotype of S. mahodadi are simply due to limited material(Table 1). Nielsen et al. (2014) also regarded the numbers oflong rakers on the anterior gill arch and pseudobranchial filaments as diagnostic for the species of Spottobrotula, viz., 10(present specimens) or 11 (holotype) gill rakers, and 29 or
40 (present specimens) and 35 (holotype) pseudobranchialfilaments in S. mahodadi; 9–11 and 30–42, respectively, in
S. mossambica; and 10–12 and 32–35, respectively, in S. persica, but the ranges of these counts clearly overlap.
Differences of the numbers of fin rays, gill rakers, pseudobranchial filaments, and the vertebrae between the present specimens and the holotype of S. mahodadi (Table 1) aremost likely due to limited number of materials. These meristic characters, except for the caudal-fin rays, are considerably variable for the congener, S. mossambica (based on 14
specimens) (Nielsen et al. 2014). Differences of the numberof dark spots on the body and median fins among the present specimens and the holotype of S. mahodadi are tentatively regarded as the intraspecific variations. Examinationof more specimens is necessary to determine what factors(e.g., the body size and sex), if any may be related to suchmorphological differences in S. mahodadi.
Spottobrotula mahodadi was originally described by
Cohen and Nielsen (1978) on the basis of the holotype collected off Barren Island (Andaman Islands), Andaman Sea(Fig. 2). Cohen and Nielsen (1982) subsequently recorded
an additional specimen collected off Oman (Arabian Sea),
later followed by Manilo and Bogorodsky (2003), who listed
S. mahodadi in their checklist of fishes of the Arabian Sea.
However, Nielsen et al. (2014) recently re-identified the
Omani specimen as a new species, S. mossambica. Accordingly, the present specimens of S. mahodadi from the Andaman Sea represent only the second valid record of the species.
Color photographs of the present specimens taken prior
to preservation enabled the fresh coloration of S. mahodadi
to be described for the first time. The original description of
the species was based solely on the preserved holotype. In
fresh condition, with the exception of the above-mentioned
differences in dark markings, S. mahodadi is clearly distinguished from S. mossambica by its uniformly dark-brownish body and fins, whereas the latter species has yellowishbrown median fins and a light grey head with pale rose jaws
(Nielsen et al. 2014: fig. 7b). The fresh coloration of S. per-sica remains unknown.
The present specimen, THNHM-F 13331, collected bybottom trawl and obtained at a fish landing port in Mueang
Ranong, Ranong Province, Thailand, lacks precise locality
details (Fig. 2). The fishing boats from Ranong Province operate both in Thai and Thai-Myanmar boundary waters andsome of them can operate in Myanmar water concessions(Panjarat 2008). Although the other specimen, KAUM–I.
33155, was obtained at a local fish market at Mahachai near
Bangkok, also without precise collection locality details,
it was apparently of Andaman Sea origin, according to a
local fish seller. The holotype of S. mahodadi was collected at a depth of ca. 40 m (Nielsen et al. 2014). The present
specimens lack collection depth data, but the major fishinggrounds for demersal fishes are at depths of less than 100 m
along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand (Chullasorn
1998).
Hapalogenys bengalensis Mohapatra, Ray, and Kumar, 2013
(Figs 2, 3; Table 2)
Material examined. KAUM–I. 33393, 122.8 mm SL,
Andaman Sea (obtained at fishing port at Bang Rin, Mueang
Ranong, Ranong Province, Thailand), bottom trawl.
Description. Meristics and measurements expressed aspercentages of SL shown in Table 2. Body deep, moderately
compressed; caudal peduncle short, low; lateral line curved
upward above pectoral fin, extending slightly onto caudal
fin. Head moderately large, 2.4 in SL; orbit moderately large,slightly greater than interorbital width; nasal pores in frontof orbit, anterior nostril with low raised rim with posterior
flap, posterior nostril simple rounded pore; mouth relatively
small, posterior margin of maxilla reaching vertical throughanterior margin of orbit; lips fleshy with numerous minutepapillae, anterior portion of lower jaw with dense clusterof minute papillae; mandible with 5 pairs of small pores;
posterior margin of preopercle moderately serrated; upper
portion of opercle with 2 flattened spines, lower spine longer than upper spine; posterior tip of cleithrum exposed,with serrated margin possessing 3 minute spinous points;
posterior margin of posttemporal exposed, being semicircular bony crest, with serrated margin possessing 9 minutespinous points. Both jaws with narrow bands of ca. 5 rowsof large pointed conical teeth in anterior portion, bands becoming narrower posteriorly, teeth on outermost row generally about twice length of teeth on inner rows, but not forming canines; teeth absent on vomer and palatine; tongue
broad, rounded. Head and body, including snout, covered
with ctenoid scales, but maxilla, around nostrils, pectoral
axilla, and branchiostegal membrane naked; ventral surfaceof lower jaw covered with ctenoid scales, small patch of few
poorly developed ctenoid scales between two posteriormost
mandibular pores; dorsal, anal, pectoral, and caudal finswith high scaly sheath. Dorsal-fin origin above upper originof pectoral-fin base, with single notch between spinous andsoft-rayed portions; spines robust, first spine shortest, fourth
spine longest; membrane of spinous portion deeply incised;
all soft rays branched, soft-rayed portion with roundedNew fish records from the Andaman Sea

contour. Anal-fin origin below first dorsal-fin soft ray base;first spine short, second spine very robust, longest, clearly
longer than third spine (second spine length in 1.8 times
longer than third spine); soft rays all branched, contour ofsoft-rayed portion somewhat angular posteriorly. Pectoral
fin pointed, posterior tip of longest ray reaching verticalthrough last dorsal-fin spine base. Pelvic-fin spine robust,first soft ray long, filamentous, its tip just reaching first analfin spine base when depressed. Caudal fin rounded.
Table 2.

77

Fresh coloration (Fig. 3). Head and body dark silvery-grey,
paler ventrally. Iris dull yellow. Three broad, oblique, longitudinal bronze stripes on side of body; uppermost stripe
from nape (close to dorsal-fin origin) to upper caudal-finbase, through base of dorsal-fin soft-rayed portion anddorsal surface of caudal peduncle; middle stripe from nape
to mid caudal-fin base; lowermost stripe indistinct fromsnout, across lower orbit and opercle to lower caudal-finbase, broadest above anal-fin base; stripes broadly intercon-

Meristics and morphometrics of Hapalogenys bengalensis, expressed as percentages of SL.
Present study

Mohapatra et al. (2013)

Locality

KAUM–I. 33393
Andaman Sea

Type series (n = 14)
West Bengal, India

Dorsal-fin rays
Anal-fin rays
Pectoral-fin rays
Pored lateral-line scales
Scales above lateral line
Scales below lateral line
All gill rakers, including rudiments1
Developed gill rakes1

XI, 14
III, 8
18
43
7
19
7+15
7+13

XI, 14
III, 9
17–19
42–45
7–8
19–20
no data
7+11

122.8
51.2
42.4
20.0
41.0
12.5
12.4
8.8
6.3
14.7
46.7
73.5
43.5
5.5
broken
19.4
23.9
23.5
7.6
brokenbroken
6.7
20.1
11.4
16.8
14.8
25.0
19.0
31.3 (right side)
26.7
60.1
17.0
12.4
12.4

45.6–87.4
43.4–53.0
38.7–46.1
13.7–18.0
36.6–43.4
7.1–11.8
10.4–12.8
7.9–10.2
5.3–8.0
13.6–15.2
38.2–50.1
65.1–74.2
40.2–45.3
5.4–9.1
12.4–16.6
16.0–22.9
23.5–26.5
20.9–24.7
6.6–12.4
11.5–16.3
13.3–19.5
6.6–8.7
17.1–21.2
10.4–14.8
10.7–17.2
11.1–18.7
24.8–28.3
16.6–21.5
27.9–34.7
22.6–33.7
55.2–66.9
15.9–20.8
12.2–15.3
11.9–18.6

SL (mm)Body depth (% SL)
Body depth at anal-fin origin
Body width
Head length
Snout length
Eye diameter
Interorbital width
Suborbital depth
Upper-jaw lengthPre-dorsal-fin lengthPre-anal-fin length
Pre-pelvic-fin length
1st dorsal-fin spine length
2nd dorsal-fin spine length
3rd dorsal-fin spine length
4th dorsal-fin spine length
5th dorsal-fin spine length
Last dorsal-fin spine length
1st dorsal-fin soft ray length
2nd dorsal-fin soft ray length
1st anal-fin spine length
2nd anal-fin spine length
3rd anal-fin spine length
1st anal-fin soft ray length
2nd anal-fin soft ray length
Longest pectoral-fin ray length2Pelvic-fin spine length3
1st pelvic-fin soft ray length
Caudal-fin length
Dorsal-fin base length
Anal-fin base length
Caudal-peduncle depth
Caudal-peduncle length

1rakers on upper limb + lower limb; 2“Longest pect-fin ray lgth [sic]” in Mohapatra et al. (2013); 3“Pectoral fin spine length” in Mohapatra et al.

(2013).

78

Mizuki Matsunuma et al.

Fig. 3. Fresh specimen of Hapalogenys bengalensis from the Andaman Sea. KAUM–I. 33393, 122.8 mm SL.

nected near level with end of dorsal-fin base and narrowly
at caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin dark brownish, membrane between eighth spine and first soft ray tinged with black. Anal
fin dark brownish. Pectoral fin pale brownish. Pelvic fin
dark brownish, paler basally. Caudal fin pale grey, somewhat
dusky distally. In preserved condition, coloration becomedarker; dark markings clearly retained.
Remarks. The present specimen matches well theoriginal description and figure of H. bengalensis given by
Mohapatra et al. (2013) in having the following diagnostic
characters: anterior portion of lower jaw with dense clusterof numerous short papillae; 10 mandibular pores; 3 longitudinal stripes on side of body; first pelvic-fin soft ray filamentous, extremely long, its tip reaching the first anal fin spinebase when depressed; and 7 scale rows above lateral line, 19
below lateral line. Although the present specimen differedslightly from the original description of H. bengalensis in
having a fewer number of anal-fin soft rays, a greater number of gill rakers, and slightly greater body width and snout
length (Table 2), these most likely represent intraspecificvariations. Such variations especially for the body proportion are possibly represented size-related differences, since
the present specimen (122.8 mm SL) is clearly larger thanpreviously known specimens (45.6–87.4 mm SL).
Hapalogenys bengalensis is characterized in having threebroad, oblique, longitudinal stripes on the side of the body(Figs 3, 4), distinguishing the species from the following
members of the Hapalogenys kishinouyei complex, definedby having two to five longitudinal stripes on the body:
Hapalogenys kishinouyei Smith and Pope, 1906 (five stripes),
H. dampieriensis Iwatsuki and Russell, 2006 (four), and H.
filamentosus Iwatsuki and Russell, 2006 (two) (Iwatsuki and
Russell 2006; Mohapatra et al. 2013). Another congener, H.
merguiensis, co-occurring with H. bengalensis in the Andaman Sea, is readily distinguished from the latter by having
two oblique bands on the side of the body (Iwatsuki et al.
2000; Iwatsuki and Russell 2006; Fig. 4).
Hapalogenys bengalensis, originally described by Mohapatra et al. (2013) on the basis of 14 specimens collected off
West Bengal, India, in the northern Bay of Bengal (Fig. 2),
has not been recorded since the original description. The

Fig. 4. Fresh specimen of Hapalogenys merguiensis from the Andaman Sea. KAUM–I. 33394, 119.4 mm SL.

present specimen being the first record of the species fromthe Andaman Sea, in addition to being the largest known
sample of the species at 122.8 mm SL.

Acknowledgments
We are deeply grateful to P. Musikasinthorn, S. Ratmuangkhwang, P. Sreesamran, S. Arbsuwan, S. Ekajit, andN. Ngamtampong (Kasetsart University, Bangkok) for theirgenerous assistance; V. Vilasri (THNHM) and staff of the
Phuket Marine Biological Centre for donating and providing opportunities to examine the present specimens fromThailand; students and volunteers of KAUM for curatorialassistance; S. Chungthanawong (KAUM) for providing information on locality names in Thailand; T. Naito (BSKU)
for taking X-ray photographs; S. Bogorodsky (Station of
Naturalists, Omsk) and W. Schwarzhans (Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen) for providing valuable comments on the manuscript;
and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading themanuscript and providing help with English. This study
was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers
JP26241027, JP24370041, JP23580259, and JP26450265; a
JSPS Fellow grant (PD: 16J00047); the JSPS Core-to-Core
Program, “Research and Education Network on Southeast
Asian Coastal Ecosystems”; the “Coastal Area Capability Enhancement in Southeast Asia Project” of the ResearchInstitute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” projectof the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba,
Japan; and the “Establishment of Research and Education
Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted
by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, Japan.

New fish records from the Andaman Sea

References
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W. 2009. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. National GeophysicalData Center, NOAA. Available at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/
global/ (11 June 2014).
Chullasorn, S. 1998. Status of fishery resources in the Andaman Sea
coast of Thailand. Pp. 72–84. In: Nickerson, D. J. (Ed.) Community-based Fisheries Management in Phang-nga Bay, Thailand. Proceedings of the National Workshop on Community-based Fisheries
Management Organized by the Department of Fisheries of Thailand, FAO and the Bay of Bengal Programme, Phuket, Thailand,
14–16 February 1996. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
Cohen, D. M. and Nielsen, J. G. 1978. Guide to the identification ofgenera of the fish order Ophidiiformes with a tentative classification of the order. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 417:
1–72.
Cohen, D. M. and Nielsen, J. G. 1982. Spottobrotula amaculata, a new
ophidiid fish from the Philippines. Copeia 1982: 497–500.
Iwatsuki, Y. and Russell, B. C. 2006. Revision of the genus Hapalogenys(Teleostei: Perciformes) with two new species from the Indo-West
Pacific. Memoirs of Museum of Victoria 63: 29–46.
Iwatsuki, Y., Satapoomin, U., and Amaoka, K. 2000. New species: Hapalogenys merguiensis (Teleostei; Perciformes) from Andaman Sea.

79

Copeia 2000: 129–139.
Manilo, L. G. and Bogorodsky, S. V. 2003. Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology 43 (Supplement 1): S75–S149.
Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., and Kumar, V. 2013. A new fish species of thegenus Hapalogenys (Perciformes: Hapalogenyidae) from the Bayof Bengal, India. Zootaxa 3718: 367–377.
Nielsen, J. G., Cohen, D. M., Markle, D. F., and Robins, C. R. 1999. FAO
Species Catalogue. Volume 18. Ophidiiform Fishes of the World(Order Ophidiiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue
of Pearlfishes, Cusk-eels, Brotulas and Other Ophidiiform Fishes
Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol. 18. FAO,
Rome, 178 pp.
Nielsen, J. G., Schwarzhans, W., and Uiblein, F. 2014. Review of the Indo-West Pacific ophidiid genera Sirembo and Spottobrotula (Ophidiiformes, Ophidiidae), with descriptions of three new species.
Marine Biology Research DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2014.904885[also appeared in Marine Biology Research 11 (for 2015): 113–
134].
Panjarat, S. 2008. Sustainable Fisheries in the Andaman Sea Coast of
Thailand. Division for Ocean Affairs and the Laws of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations, New York, 107 pp.
Quantum GIS Development Team 2014. Quantum GIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.
Available at http://qgis.osgeo.org (11 June 2014).
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F. 1996. A global self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database. Journal of GeophysicalResearch 101 (B4): 8741–8743.