On new or little-known Tipulidse.

521

The gemts Crenosoma clearly belongs to Lhe family lV[etastrong'ylidm, the members of which are all parasit~es of therespiratory passages or circulatory system of mammals~ andshow a gradual reduction of l~he male bm'sa and its rays,
eulmi~mting in the extremely modified forms (Pseudalias,
Sfen.urus, Tor~jnurus, and Halocercus) me~ with ia the
Cetacea. Crenosomc~ i~self, however, does not show a very
advanced degree of modification in this respect. The genot.ype is C. striatttm (Zeder, 1800)~ which occurs in thebrouchi of the hedgehog (Erlnaeeus europceus).
REFERENCES.
Cm,zeLI~, F. 1847. "Zweiter Nachtr. za Gurlt's Verzeiehnisse der
Ph~ere, etc. Arch. f. Naturg. xm. 1, pp. 289-300.
DvJAm)~ F 1846. ' Hist.)ire naturelle des Helminthes.' Paris.
~¢IOLl:N~R. 1861. " Il Sottordine degli Acrofalli, etc." Mere. r. Ist.
Veneto~ ix. pp. 427-633, pls. xxv.-xxxiii.
MffLI~E/~, A. 1897. "Helminthologische Mittheilungen." Arch. f.
Naturg. lxiii. 1, pp. 1-26, pls, i. iii.
RUDOLPJ~I,C. A. t819. ~Entozoort~m Synopsis.' Berlin.
SIF,noL1), C. vonr. 1848. ' Lehrbuch der vergl. Anat. tier wirb'el]osen
Thiere.' BeNin.
STOSSlC~L M. ]89(i. "Ricerche elmintologiche." Boll. Soc. Adriat.
Sci. nat, Triest% xvii. pp. 121-137, pls. iii., iv.
r

,

~

--.

L X I V . - - N e w or little-known Tipulidm (Diptera).--XXXI.
Australasian Species. By C~ARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D.,
F.E.S., Massachusetts
Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Agricultural

College, Amherst,

THE species herein described as new are all f r o m N e w
Zealand, most of them being included in the very extensive
collections of' Dr. A. L. Tonnoir.
Additional material
discussed at this time was secured by Messrs. Campbell~
Gourlay, Harris, and Philpott. I express my deep thanks
to all of these gentlemen for their tireless efforts inmaking known the crane-fly f a u n a of New Zealand. Tile
Tonnoir material has been returned to the collector for redistribution in New Zealand collections. The other types
are preserved in the collection of the writer through thekindness ~of Messrs. Campbell and Harris.

Limnophila mira, sp. n.
Head black, grey pruinose ; thoracic notum rich reddishb r o w n ; wings tinged with greyish yellow, spotted with
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. xvii.
34

522

Dr. 0. P. Aloxander onbrown ; cell 1st M~ elongate, widened distally, m-cu far out
toward the distal end of cell; abdominal segments weakly
bicolorous ; male hypopygium with tile mdeagus elongate.
Male.--Length about 6-6"5 ram. ; wing 6-7 ram.
Female.--Length about 7 ram. ; wing about 7 mm.
Rostrum short, dark brown; palpi brownish black.
Antennae of moderate length, in the male, if bent backward extending approximately to the base of the abdomen ;antennae brown throughout; flagellar segments elongateoval to fusiform, provided with abundant erect setae thatare shorter than the segment. Head black, heavily dustedwith grey, becoming more whitish anteriorly.
Pronotum brownish testaceous. Mesonotal praescutumrich reddish brown, subshiny, without markings, the lateral
margins a little darker ; no tuberculate pits ; pseudosutural
foveae shallow, moderately large, triangular in outline;
remainder of mesonotum a trifle darker, especially the postnotum. Pleura obscure brownish yello% the anepisternum,
sternopleurite, and pteropleurite darker. HMteres pale, theknobs a trifle darker. Legs with the coxae yellow, subshiny ;trochanters yellow ; femora and tibae pale brown ; tarsi
passing into darker. Wings with a pale greyish-yellbw
tinge, cells C and Sc and the wing-base a little moreyellowish ; a conspicuous brown spotted pattern distributed
as follows: Postarcular spot in cell R ; a large blotch atorigin of Rs, not quite reaching M ; a small spot at tip ofSc; stigma oval, dark brown; broad diffuse brown clouds
and seams along cord, outer end of cell ]st M~ and as a spot
at fork of Ml+~; a large pale spot at tip of vein 2 n d A ;cells M and Cu sometimes with a pale dusky wash; veinspale, darker in the infuseated areas. Veins with unusuallylong macrotrichiae, longest and most conspicuous beyo~d thecord but persisting as gradually smaller triebiae on all theveins almost to the arculus. Venation: Sc2 at tip of Sci,
ending just before the fork of Rs, the latter long, strm~gly
bent at the origin, in alignment with R~+ a ; R~ angulated atbase ; R2+a one-llalf longer than the basal deflection of R~+~ ;cell M~ a little longer than its petiole; cell lsl M~ long,
widened distally, m-c~, from a little le.~s than to its own
length from the outer end of the cell ; anterior arculus rather
weakly preserved.
Abdominal segments weakly bicolorous, dark l~rown, thesegments narrowly ringed caudally with paler, the basal
sternites more conspicuously so; hypopygium obscureochreous. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite quadrate, the caudal margin with a very deep and narrownew or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

523

parallel-sided notch, the lobes thus formed broadly subtruncate. Basistyles relatively elongate, the apex produced
into a small, obtuse, glabrous lobe. Outer dististyle slender,
narrowed gradually to the apex which is split into two
divergent teeth, the outer one broader ; surface of style with
abundant setiferous tubercles extending virtually to thebase, these tubercles with conspicuous erect set,e; innerstyle a trifle longer, much broader, the apex obtusely
rounded, the base markedly expanded and excavated.
-/TEdeagus very elongate, slender~ jutting caudad beyond thelevel of the basistyles, the apex microscopically fimbriate ;phallosome at the base of ~edeagus massive, the sides strongly
angular.
ltab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~, Waiho, Westland, altitude 600 feet~ January
16, 1922 (A. 7bnnoir) ; collector's number 55.
Atlolopotype, ?, January 30, 1922.
Paratopotype, injured g , January 28, 1922.
The reference of this species to Limnophila is iu the broad
usage of the name only. I cannot indicate any close
relatives.

Limnophila scitula, sp. n.
General coloration brown ; halteres yellow ; wings faintly
tinged with grey~ conspicuously spotted and clouded withbrown, this including a series of marginal clouds at theends of all the longitudinal veins, smallest at the wing-tip,largest in the anal field.
Male.--Lengtti about 4"6 mm.; wing 6"5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennm short, black
throughout; flagellar segments oval, with moderately long
verticils. Head broad, black~ heavily dusted with yellow
pollen.
Pronotum dark. Mesonotum brown, the prmscutum withthree scarcely evident slightly darker stripes ; pseudosutural
fovem very conspicuous, black; notum very sparsely dustedwith yellow pollen. Pleura and sternum brown, the former
with a slightly darker dorsal longitudinal s{ripe extending
from the cervical sclerites across the dorsal pleurites, surrounding the base of the halteres. Halteres relatively
elongat% pale yellow, the extreme base dusky. Legs withthe eoxm testaceous, the extreme bases in~uscated ; trochanters yellow, the mesal £ace of each with a black spot ;femora light brown, with relatively long, subappressed setm ;tibia~ and tarsi brown. Wings with a faint grey tinge, the
34*

524:

Dr. C. P. Alexander onbase and cells C and Sc slightly more yellowish; membrane with numerous brown and grey spots and clouds ; thebrown areas include a postarcular spot in cells Sc, R, and M ;a large spot at origin of Rs in cells Sc and R, not reachingvein M ; a triangular area at tip of Scl extending acrosscell 1st R1 to Rs; the extensive stigma sends a seam overthe fork of R~+3; seams along cord and outer end of cell
1st M2; slightly paler, more greyish clouds at tips of all
longitudinal veins, largest on R e and R~, abruptly smaller
on R~+~,that on vein 2nd A very large ; anal angle extensively
clouded i a large circular cloud at fork of Ml+: ; veins darkbrown. Venation : Scl ending just before the fork of Rs,
Sc~ some distance from its tip ; r close to tip of R1 ; R2+3
longer than the basal section of R.~ ; cell M~ a little shorter
than its petiole ; m-eu about one-half its length beyond thefork of M ; anterior arculus weakly preserved.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites paler. Male
hypopygium of the general structure of L. nebulifera. Basistyle relatively slender, the apical lobe stout, setiferous.
Outer dististy]e a blackened clavate struc~ure~ enlarged outwardly, the tip a conspicuous spine; apical third withnumerous smaller appressed spinulm and setm. Inner
style subequal in length to the apical prolongation of thebasistylc, slender, narrowed to the subacute apex. Gonapophyses appearing as narrow, elongate, flattened blades, theapex with a small black spine that is directed laterad andcephalad. _ZEdcagusslender, subtended by a hood-like ring,that leaves a lacuna on either side, as in nebulifera.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, a damaged ~', Maitai Valley, Nelson, March ]6,
1922 (.4. Tonuoir) ; collector's number 57.
Limnophila scituta is placed in this genus in the broad
usage only. It belongs to the nebulifera group, which includes, besides these two species, the very distinct L. tonnoiri,
Alexander. L. scitula has a hypopygium that is very similar
to that of nebulifera, but differs conspicuously in the handsome restricted wing-pattern.

Metalimnophila montivaga, sp. n.
General coloration grey; wings tinged with yetlo% thestigma only faintly darker ; male hypopygium with theouter dististyle greatly expanded ; ninth sternite produced
medially into a conspicuous lobe.
Male.--Length about 4-4"2 ram. ; wing 5"4-5"5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennm elongate, dark

new or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

525

brown throughout, the basal segment slightly pruinose;
antennae extending to beyond mid-length of the abdomen.
Head light grey, in some cases weakly infuscated.
Mesonotum grey, the prsescutum with ill-defined brown
stripes. Pleura clear grey. Halteres pale, the knobs vaguelydarkened. Legs with the coxae heavily grey pruinose; trochanters obscure brownish yellow ; femora dark brown, thebases obscure yellow, more extensive on the elongate posterior legs where a little less than the proximal half isincluded; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings tinged with yellow,
the stigma very pale, brownish yellow; veins darker brown.
Venation : SCl and Sc2 subequal or the latter a little longer,ending some distance before the end of Rs; Rs relatively
short, strongly areuated at origin; veins R~ and Ra divergent ; medial field of wing unusually plastic~ in one specimenof the type-series with cell 1st M: open by the atrophy ofm; in another with the outer deflection of M s very long,
obliquely subsinuate, obliterating m~ the cell 1st M~ in thiscase being pointed at its outer end; cell M 1 is likewise veryvariable in length and m-cu variable in its position.
Abdomen dark, heavily grey pruinose, the hypopygium
reddish oehreous. Male hypopygium with the basistyles
stout~ the mesal apical angle produced caudad and slightly
mesad into a moderately long, blunt lobe, the basal portion
witil two very long aud several smaller setm, the pale apex
set .with abundant recurred microscopic spiuul~e and a few
small apical setm. Outer dististyle a flattened blade, at theapex greatly expanded, pale, the mesal margin before apex
with a small pale tooth ; inner style very slender, about twothirds the length of the outer style, narrowed to the obtusely
rounded apex, which terminates in a powerful seta. Gonapophyses appearing as a slender chitinized horn on either side,
the tips bent laterad. 2Edeagus expanded at apex, rather
deeply cut into three subequal lobes. Ninth sternite produced medially into a conspicuous obtuse dusky Iobe that isunarmed with spines.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, (~, Mt. Arthur Tableland, Nelson, altitude4500 feet, December 1921 (A. Tonnoir); collector's
number 64.
Paratopotypes~ 3 d' ~ , altitude ~500-5000 feet, December
23-27, 1921 (A. Tonnoir).
I strongly suspect that this species may prove to be theunknown male of the fly described in the preceding instalment as Limnophila spissigrada. However, there is no proofof this association and Dr. Tonnoir~ the collector, did not

526

Dr. C. P. Alexander onfind the flies in copula. Until the insects are definitely
associated, they must be held as distinct.

Metalimnophila alpina, sp. n.
General coloration dull grey, the prmscutum with four
narrow brown stripes ; dorsal pleural stripe narrow and illdelimited; stigma distinct; male hypopygium with theouter dististyle parallel-sided, the apex subtruncate; gonapophyses acute, decussate across the median line ; mdeagus
profoundly trifid.
Male.--Length about 5"5 mm. ; wing 7-7"3 ram.
Female.--Length about 7 mm. ; wing 8"5 ram.
gostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennm elongate,
iu the male, if bent backward, extending to about opposite
one-third the length of the abdomen; scapal segments a
trifle paler than the black flagellum. In the female theantennse about attain the wing-root. Head grey, the vertex
weakly infuseated.
Mesonotal prsescutum dull grey, with four distinct brown
stripes, these relatively narrow, of approximately equal
width~ the intermediate pair separated from one another by
a space about equal to one-half the width of a single stripe ;intermediate stripes becoming obsolete far be[ore the suture ;lateral stripes interrupted by the suture ; scutal lobes darkgrey with slightly darker centres; scutellum and postnotum light grey. Pleura light grey with a narrow andrelatively ill-defined dorsal longitudinal stripe extel~dingfrom the ventral cervical sclerites to the postnotum, passing
above the base of the halteres ; sternopleurite slightly more
infuscated ventrally. Halteres pale, the extreme base o[ thestem brighter, the knobs obscure brownish yellow. Legs
with the coxm and trochanters obscure yellow; femora
brown, tile bases more yellowizh, the tips narrowly infuscared; tibim brown, passing into dark brown outwardly;
tarsi brownish black. Wings with a yellowish-grey tinge,
the base and cells C and Sc more yellowish ; stigma conspicuous, oval, brown; veins dark brown, the costal andprearcular veins more yellowish. Venation: Scl a trifle
longer than Sc~, ending opposite the fork of Rs ; cell M1
relatively short, from one-half to one-third its petiole ; m-cu
varying in position from a trifle less than to fully its own
length beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites obscure brownish
yellow ; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium with the caudal
margin of the ninth tergite bearing a small blunt tubercle

new or l(ttZe-known Tipulid~.

527

on either end of a broad IJ-shaped median notch. Basistyles
stout, the mesal apical portion produced into three lobes, a
slender curved lobe that is blackened at tip ; a pale fleshy
flattened setiferous lobe that lies in close connection witha deeply bifid glabrous lobe. Outer dististyle elongate,
flattened, the sides generally parallel, very slightly expanded
to the subtruncate darkened apex ; lateral margins of stylewith several long powerful setm, the restricted flattened
apex densely covered with microscopic setiferous punctures.
hmer dististyle unusually slender with a pale setiferous
cushion at base. Gonapophyses appearing as long needlelike points directed mesad and slightly cephalad, decussate
across the median line of the genital chamber. _~ldeagus
deeply split into three narrow chitinized blades, the median
one broader, weakly expanded at tip, the lateral blades subequal in length, the tips subacute.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Mt. Arthur Tableland, Nelson, altitude4,500 feet, December 22, 192I (A. Tonnoir); collector's
number 66.
Allotopolype, ?.
Paratopotype, c~, December 26, 1921 (A. Tonnoir).

Metalimnophila integra, sp. n.
Male.--Length about 7 mm.; wing 7"6 ram. ; antenna
about 5 ram.
Generally similar to M. greyana, Alexander, differing in
the more elongate antennm of the mule and the details of
structure of the hypopygium.
Antennae fully two-thirds the length of the entire body,the flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical with short verticils and a delicate erect microscopic pubescence. Ventral
thoracic pleurites largely pale, the usual dorso-pleural stripe
including only the dorsal pleurites. Wings with the stigma
better defined. Venation: R1 beyond r short, subequal toR~+~. Male hypopygium having the general structure ofgreyana, the mesal apical angle of the basistyle produced
into a small, entire, darkened lobe, the apex broadly obtuse ;the opposite mesat angle is produced into an extensive pale
lobe that is much broader and more extensive than the one
in greyana. Outer dististyle with two nearly apical spines,
one a little stouter than the other. Inner dististyle of thegeneral structure of greyana, but much shorter and stouter.
Gonapophyses short, only a trifle longer than the mdeagus,+.lie apices feebly expanded and hyaline. In M. howesi,

258

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Alexander, the gonaloophyses are elongate, sinuous, together
appearing lyriform.
Hab. :New Zealan~t (South Island).
HoIotype, ~ , Kaituna, Canterbury, February 19~ 1922

( A. Tonnoir).
GYNOPLISTIA,Westwood.
1835. Gynoplistia~ Westwood, London & .Edinburgh Phil. Mug. &Journ. of Sci. vi. p. 280.
]835. Cerozodia~Westwood, ibid. vi. p. 281.
1835. Gynoflistes (Anoplistes), Westwood, Zool. Journ. v. p. 447.
1835. Ozocera,Westwood, ibid. v. p. 449.
1854. Variegate, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, (3) ii. p. 456.
1854. Yariptera, Bigot, ibid. (3) ii. p. 471.
1865. Ctedonia, Philippi, Verh. zoo].-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 602.
1866. Cloniophora~ Schiner, ibid. xvi. p. 932; 1868. Reise Novara,p. 40.
1869. C~enarthria~Thomson, Eugenics Resa, Dipt. p. 445.
1917. Dirhipis, Enderlein, Zool. Anzeig. xlix. p. 58.
1917. Scepasma~Enderlein, ibid. xlix. p. 60.
During the past decade there has been a ~remendous
increase in our knowledge of the species of Gynoplistia,
especially of the Maorian Subregion where the genus apparently reaches its greatest specific development. I n thepast an attempt has been made to recognize as valid tim
three genera Gynoplistia, Cerozodia, and Ctedonia, andbefore the great accession of new types was made it had
seemed possible that these generic groups might be mainrained. I t has now become apparent to the writer, however,that any serious attempt to divide the Hexatomine crane.,flies with branched antennm into valid generic groups is an
impossibility~ and all of the species described to date, considerably in excess of one hundred in number, should bereferred to the oldest genus Gynoplistia.
Until this recent date, it had appeared that Gynoplistia
might be defined as including those species with a moderate
number of antennal segments (16 to 20) having relatively
short branches ; Cerozodia with a much greater number ofsegments (29 to g9), with the branches so long and slenderas to give the organ a flabellate appearance; and Cledonia
with an intermediate number of segments (15 to 24)~ in most
species with long slender branches and with seven or eight
simple terminal segments.
The distinctions between thetwo former groups were greatly weakened by the discovery of
three remarkable Australian and Tasmanian species that thewriter referred to Cerozodia, in which all the branches ofthe flagellum are of considerable length and all lie in a single

new or little-know~t Tipulidm.

529

plane. Of these species, Gynoplistia flavipes has 25 antennal
segments, the formula being 2 + 2 1 + 2 , while G. minuscuta
has only 16 segments with a formula of 2 + 1 2 + 2 .
Asregards the number and arrangemel~t of the unbranchedterminal segme~ts, Ctedonia is closely approached by two
species of Gynoplistia from Ceiebes, G. jucunda, OstenSacken, and G. octo-fasciata, Brun~'tti, which have eightterminal unbranched segments as in the genotype of Ctedonia(bicolor, Philippi). The structure of the branched segments
and the arrangement of set~e upon them that is found in
Ctedonia is closely approached by the Queensland G. doddi~
Alexander, which has a 24~-segmented ante~na having theformula 2 + 3 + 1 7 + 2 .
The aberrant Ctedonia bipuuctata,
Philippi, which was made the type of a supposed new genus,
Seepasma, by Enderlein, has a 15-segmented antenna with theformula 2 + 2 + 7 + 4, this being exactly duplicated by a seriesof New Zealand Gynoplistite (G. aurantiopyga, Alexander,
G. dimidiala, Alexander, G. luteibasls, Alexander, G. nigrobimbo, Alexander). As long a~<o as 1888, Reed (' Anales dela Universidad de Chile,' lxxiii, p. 4) referred the Chilian
species of Ctedonia to the gem,s GynoT[islia, and the writer
now has no doubt but that such a reference is correct.
The tremendous recent development in our knowledge of
the New Zealand Tiputid fauna has now brought the listof Gynoplisti~e {'or the Maorian Subregion to approximately
90 species, and this number is certain to be considerably
added to. h t this great complex of species we find a range
in number of antennal segments that is quite unparalleled inany other group of crane-flies so far made known. In size,
the species range l'rom tiny files (G. hyalinata, Alexander,
G.pygmcea, Al~:xand('r) that rank among the smallest of the
Hextomi~ri, to ~ei;itabte gizmts that are among the largest of
the tribe ( G. hiematis, Alexandt~r, G. pa'radisea, Edwards,
G. plumosa~ Osten-~;acken, etc.). The antelmal structure,
the proportiol~s of branched to unbranched segments andthe direction~ taken by the various branches, attains a w~st
range and complexity. In the 3New Zealand fauna alone wefind ill the genus Gynoylistia a range i~ the number ofantennal segme~ts that is virtually as extensive as is found
ill the entire family Tiputida~, excluding the aberrant Hexatomaria. This rm:ge is indicated as follows :--13 segments(albicincta, Edwards, dispiloides, sp. n.); 1-~ (nematomera~
sp. n., trifasciata, Edwards) ; 15 (aarantiopyga, Alexander.,bidentata, Alexander, bucera, Alexander, campbell], Alexander,
clavipes, Edwards, dimidiata, Alexander, dispila, Alexander,
flavohalterata, Alexander, hirtamera, Alexander, lute]basis,

530

Dr. C. P. Alexander o~Alexander, nigrobimbo, Alexander, pygmoea, Alexander, recurvata, Alexander, subclavipes, Alexander); 16 (ambulalor,
Alexander, bituberculata, Alexander, cladophora, Alexandcr~
conjuncta, Edwards, dactylophora, sp. n., inconjuncta, sp. n.,myersoe, Alexander, nebulipennis, Alexander, nigronitida,
Edwards, pedestris, Edwards, pleuralis, Alexander, and variety
plutonis, subsp, n., wakefieldi, Westwood) ; 17 (aculeata,
Alexander, arlhuriana, Edwards, bona, Alexander, concava,
Alexander, eluta, Alexander, firnbriata, Alexander, fuscoplumbea, Edwards, generosa, sp. n., glauca, Edwards, hirsuticauda, Alexander, ineisa, Edwards, infiata, sp. n.,pallidistigma,
Alexander, saclreni, Alexander, spinigera, Alexander, subfasciata, Walker); 18 (magnifica, Edwards, nebulosa, Ed wards,
notata, Edwards, violacea, Edwards); 19 (hamiltoni, Alexander); 20 (cuprea, tIutton, fulgens, Hutton, hiemalis,
Alexander, niveicincta, Alexander, ocellifera, Alexander,subobsoleta, Alexander, tridactyla~ Edwards); 21 (subforrnosa,
Alexander, trispinosa, Alexander); 22 (/brmosa, Hutton,luteicincta, Alexander) ; 23 (princeps, Alexander) ; 29 (paradisea, Edwards); 31 (pulverulenta, Edwards); 33 (hudsoni,
Edwards) ; 39 (typical plumosa, Osten-Sacken).
The placing of Ctedonia in the synonymy of Gynoplistia
has rendered it necessary to re-name Gynoplistiaflavipennis~
Skuse (Proe. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, (2) iv. pp. 877878, pl. xxiii, fig. 38, 1889), which is preoccnpied by G. flavipennis, Philippi (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wicn, xv. p. 602(Ctedonia); 1865). The name Gynoplistia skusei, non]. nov.,
is herewith proposed to replace this preoccupied term.

Gynoplistia nigripennis, nom. nov.
1923. Gynoptistiafumipennis, Alexander, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. v.
~. 253~ preoccupied by Gynoplistiafumipennis~ Walker~ Ins.
auudersiana, Dipt. p. 448 (1856).
Gynoplistia cuprea pereara, subsp, n.
Male.--Length about 12 mm. ; wing 11"5-11"8 mm.
Generally similar to typical cuprea, Hutton, differing asfollows :-Antennm of male 21-segmented (2 + 2 + 13 + 4) or 22-segmented ( 2 + 2 + 1 4 + ~ ) .
Spots behind the antennal fossa
and the occipital region reddish. Tubercle on postnotal
pleurotergite larger a~d more eonspieuous. Pubescent area
on pleura more golden-yellow. Wings very conspicuously
yellow, much brighter-eoloured than in the typical form,
with a dark brown pattern that is arranged about the same,with minor exceptions: yellow area enclosed between the~tew or little-known Tipulid~e.

531

cord and wing-a, pex smatl ; brown area at origin of Rs conspicuous, connected with the cord by a seam aIong M ; anal
margin with a conspicuous dark triangular marking extending
as far basad as the distal end of cell 2nd A, but the base ofthis cell and all the other cells of the wing almost to thelevel of the origin of Rs clear yellow ; veins brown, all theveins in the flavous basal area clear yellow, concolorous withor but slightly darker than the ground-colour. Male hypopygium having the tergite with a small but conspicuous
median triangular lobe. Gonapophyses shorter, stouter,heavily chitinized almost to their bases.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~, Aniseed Valley, Nelson, December 1-4, 1923
(A. Tounoir) ; collector's number 31.

Paratopotype, ~.
Gynoplistia violacea persimilis, subsp, n.
Vcrv similar to the typical violacea, Edwards, differing
as foll~ows: Legs generally similar, the posterior tarsi considerably
longer ( g , posterior basitarsus, 2"5 ram.; in violacea, (~,2 ram.). The wing-pattern of tile type-series is very pale,in a few cases virtually obsolete with the exception of' thedark stigma which is always well-indicated; cell 2nd R1
virtualiy alI clear, only the extreme base darkened. Vein
R~ has a course that is very different from the typical form,
being much longer and running generally parallel to R~
to opposite r, thence diverging very gently. In violacea,
vein R~ is unusually short and straight, diverging verystrongly from R3 so it lies close to R1 at the wing-margin,
cell 2rid R1 being reduced to a tiny area that is entirely
infuscatcd.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ¢~, Mt. Arthur Tableland, Nelson, altitude4500 feet, December 22, 1921 (A. Tonnoir); collector's
number 83.
Allotopotype, ? , December 27, 192i.
Paratopotypes, 2 ~ ~ , 1 ~, altitude 4000-4500 feet,
December 21-24, 1921 (A. Tonnoir); 1 (~, 4500 fee¢~
December 12, 1922 (A. Philpott).

Gynoplistia notabilis, sp. n.
Allied to G. magnifica, Edwards; antennae with 8 longbranched flagellar segments ; vertex with a n-shaped brown

532

Dr. C. P. Alexander onmarking ; wings greyish subhyaline, spotted and dotted withbrown ; cell M not conspicuously infumed.
Sex ?--Wing 12"5 ram.
l~ostrum pale brown, the pa]pi dark brown. Autennm
17-segmented, the formula being 2 + 8 + 7 ; basal segmentof scape elongate, dark above, obscure yellow beneath;flagellar segments 2-4 with the tips narrowly yellowish, theremainder of the organ dark brown ; first flagellar segmentwith a broad-based spur that is about as long as the segment ;longest branches (flagellar segments 3 to 6) a little less than
three times tile length of the segment; terminal segment
elongate, one-half longer than tile penultimate. Head light
grey, the vertex with two conspicuous brown lines that unite
anteriorly to form a N-shaped marking.
Pronotum variegated pale and darker brown. Mesonotal
przescutum extensively striped with dark brown, thesemarkings almost covering the notum except for a pale
capillary vitta on either side of a narrow median stripe;
extreme anterior and lateral margins ()f sclerite restrietedly
light grey ; pseudosutural fovem conspicuous, reddish brown ;seutum grey, the mesal edges and anterior margins of thelobes ringed with brown; seutellum grey, the paraseutelladarker; postnotum brown, more reddish brown behind,pruinose. Pleura heavily light grey pruinose. Halteresyellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the eoxze heavily
dusted with light grey; troebanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings greyish subhyaline, with apattern that is approximately as in magnifica, but even morebroken up; dusky clouding in distal cells of wing more
extensive ; several small dots and spots in cells M and Cu ;ocelliform markings at fork of MI+:, surrounding cell 1st M~
and in cells 1st A and 2nd A ; no conspicumls dusky wash incells M and M4 as in magnifica. Venation: cell R2 very
short-petiolate to subsessile.
Abdomen broken near mid-length ; basal tergite with thelateral angles dark grey; remaining tergites brownish
yellow.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, Sex ?, Aniseed Valley, Nelson, December 1-4,
1923 (A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 28 b.
" I n spider's web."
From the structure of the antennae, the unique broken
type would certainly appear to be a female, there being only
eight branched segments. In this ease, the flagellar branches
are of a length that is quite unusual in the magnifica group.

new or little-known Tipulida~.

533

Gynoplistia generosa, sp. n.
General coloration chestnut-brown, the pleura pruinose ;antennes 17-segmented, with 11 branched segments ; halteresorange-yellow ; femora unhanded; wings rich yellow, theusual brown pattern very diffuse, many of the cells withlongitudinal hyaline streaks; male hypopygium with thecaudal margin of the tergite deeply LLshaped, densely hairy ;outer dististyle terminating in a long acute point.
Male.--Length about 11 ram. ; wiHg 12 ram.
Rostrum reddish, sparsely pruhmse ; palpi brownish black.
Antennes 17-segmented, the formula being 2 - t - 2 + 9 + 4 ;scapal segments brownish yellow; incisures of basal two
flagellar segments pale brown ; remainder of antennes black ;longest branch approximately one-third the flagellum. Headbrownish grey.
Mesonotum chestnut-brown, very vaguely dusted ; prsescutum with the antero-median portion restrictedly darkened.
Pleura light brown, the anepisternum, sternopleurit% meron,and katepisternnm dusted with light grey. Postnotal plcurotcrgite more sparsely dusted. Halteres orange-yellow~ theknobs very faintly infuscated. Legs with the coxes reddish
brown, very sparsely pruinose ; trochat~ters obscure yellow ;femora light brown, the bases paler ; tibies and tarsi somewhat darker brown. Wings with a rich yellow ground-colour,
the usual markings diffuse and ill-delimited, pale brown,
consisting of u slightly darker stigmal spot; seam along
cord ; spot at origin of Rs and another opposite this in cell
1st A ; cells C and Sc somewhat more saturated; linear
hyaline streaks in cells R, M, 1st M2, Ms, R~, R3, and lessdistinctly in the base of cell 1st A ; wing-apex vaguelydarkened ; veins brownish yellow. Venation : Rs long,strougly angulated at origin ; r close to tip of R l ; Rs+~ alittle shorter than the arcuated basal deflection of R~+.s;cell M~ from once and one-half to twice its petiole ; m-cu ator beyond two-thirds the length of the lower faec of cell
1st Ms.
Abdomen with the bas~tl tergite infuscated ; remaining
tergites brownish yellow with an indistinct dorso-medianbrown line ; hypopygium scarcely darker. Male hypopygiumwith the ni~,th tergite large, the caudal margin with a very
conspicuous 0-shaped notch, the sublateral h~bes thus formed
slender, the tips subacute; dorsal surface of tergite with
dense long yellow seres. Basistyle relatively stout, thecaudo-mesal angle produced mesad into a blunt irregularlobe, the extreme apex of which is still further produced into

534

Dr. C. P. Alexander ona narrow m a r g i n ; lateral face of basistyle with numerous
setm that become very long and dense on the candaMateral
portions of' the style. Outer dististyle slender, the apex along oblique blade that runs out into a slender acute black
point, ~his blade cut off by a U-shai~ed notch on the outer edgeof the style at just beyond two-thirds the length, the proximal
angle of the notch an acute spinous lobe ; surface of stylesurrounding this latter spine with a group of more than ascore of long setm. Inner dis~istyle more slender, before theapex on outer margin with a linear row of five powerfulsetm ; remainder of style with numerous additional smaller
set~e. Gonopophyses very strongly sinuous.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~, geefton, Nelson, January 13, 1922 (A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 26.
Gynoplist,ia generosa bears a general superficial resemblance to a small G. princeps, Alexander.

Gynoplistia infiata, sp. n.
General eolour grey; antennae 17-segmented, in the c~with ten branched segments; femora with a conspicuous
subterminM orange ring ; male hypopygium with the outerdististy]e broadly dilated apically, the surface weakly serrulate.
Male.--Length about 11 ram.; wing 10"5-10"8 mm.
Female.--Length about 11"5-13 ram. ; wing 10"2-11 ram.
Rostrum grey; palpi brownish black. Antennm ]7-segmented, the formula being 2 + 5 + 5 + 5 or 2 + ~ + 6 + 5inthe c~ ; antennve black, the basal segment pruinose ; extreme
base of first flagellar segment a trifle paler ; branch of firstflagellar segment about two-thirds the length of that of thesecond segment; longest branch (about flagellar segment 7)
a little less than four times the length of the segment;
branch of flagellar segment 10 about one-half ]o,Jger thal,
the segment; flagellar segment 11 with a slight basal
lobe; terminal segment about one-half longer than the
penultimate. In the ? the ibrmula is 2 ÷ 8 + 7 , the longest
branches about equal in length to the segments bearingt h e m ; scat)al segments a trifle paler than the flagellum.
The allotype shows but sixteen antennal segments and may
not be conspecific with the type. Head light grey~ the diskof the vertex more or less suffused with brown, the marki~g
usually trifoliate in appearance.
Prothorax and mesothorax grey, the pr~scutnm with threebrown stripes, the median one further split by a slightlynew or little-lcnown Tipuli&e.

535

darker capillary vitta that extends cephalad to the margin of
the sclerite ; remainder of median stripe narrowly replacedby grey in front, more extensively so behind ; lateral stripes
beginning behind the conspicuous transverse black pseudosutural fove~e; cephalic portions of scutal lobes a little
infi~seatcd; seutellum and postnotum dark grey. Pleura clear
grey. Halteres yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs withthe cox~e light reddish brown, very sparsely pruinose; trochanters concolorous; femora obscure brownish yellow
basalty, soon passing into dark brown or blaek~ the palebases more extensive on the fore legs; all femora with aconspicuous orange ring a little more than its own lengthfrom the tips ; ~ibi~e brown, the tips a little darkened ; tarsi
dark brown. Wings somewhat variable in colour, in fullycoloured specimens with cells C and Sc darkened ; wing-tip
strongly though narrowly infumed; distinct brown clouds
in base of cell/~, at mid-length.of cell C~,,and near outer endof cell 1st A ; all specimens have the stigma, a more or lessdistinct seam along the cord, and a spot of various sizes atorigin of R s ; veins brown to dark brown. Venation: Sc
long, Sct and Sc~ subequal, both ending just beyond thefork of Rs ; Rs long ; g~+3 and' basal deflection of R4+5 subequal ; cell 1st M~ of moderate size, varying from subquadrate to rectangular; cell M1 from one-half to one-third
longer than its petiole; m-cu beyond mid-length of cell
1st M:.

Abdomen dark brown, the tergites faintly dark grey
pruinose; sternites eoncolorous, the caudal margins of thesegments somewhat paler; subterminal segments darker;
hypopygium orange. Male hypopygium with the tergite
broadly truncated apieally, in cases even feebly concave,with a low tubercle on either side at the margin of the concavity. Basistyles narrowed apically, the mesal face andmesal apical angle with abundm~t setm; no evident interbasal lobe. Outer dististyle very broad, pale, just beyond
mid-length with a low ehitinized tooth on the outer margin,
beyond this point the blade very deep, flattened, the surface,and especially the margi% microscopically serrulate ; surfaceof style back from this tooth with a group of about fore'teenlong setm. Inner dististyle arcuate, narrowed gradually tothe obtuse apex, the surface with four long setm in a single
row and an abundance of more delicate erect setm on thebasal portions. Gonapophyses elosety subtending the shortcurved mdeagus, lying parallel to one another, virtuallycontiguous, separated apieally by a V-shaped notch, these

536

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

divergent tips with their mesal edges with two or threeserrations ; from the basal lateral angles of each apophysis
a long, very slender, sinuous lateral arm directed eaudad.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Hololype, c~ Mr. Arthur Tableland, altitude 4000 feet,
December 2.'~, I921 (A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 25.
Allotopotype, ~ altitude 4500 feet, December 27, 1921

( A. Tonnoir ) .
Paratopotypes, 2 (~ c~, 1 ?, altitude 4000-~/500 feet~
December 24~-27, 1921 (A. 7bnnoir) ; 1 ? , January 192-t(A. Philpott).
Gynoplistia inconjuncta, sp. n.
Closely allied to G. conjuncta, Edwards~ antennae 16segmented, with ten branched segments; praescutal stripes
cinnamon- brown ; pseudosutural fove~e black; wings
relatively l o n g and narrow, the markings confined to thestigma and small spots at origin of Rs and al~)ng the basal
deflection of .R,+~ ; r - m distinct.
Male.--Length about 12 ram. ; willg 9"2 ram., its greatest
width 1"9 ram.
gostrum light grey ; palpi dark brown. Antenme black
throughout ; basal segment of scape prninose i antenna~ 16segmented, the formula being 2 + 5 + 5 + ~ ; branch of first
segment a trifle more than the length of the segment,strongly curved; longest branch (about flagellar segmeier 6 or 7) a trifle more than twice the length of thesegment ; flagellar segment I0 with a branch that is about
one-half the segment; the left anteuna of the type isabnormal in having only fifteen segments, the formula being
2+5+~+4,.
Head grey, the disk of the vertex infuseated.
Pronotum grey. Mesonotat prmscutum grey with fourcinnamon-brown stripes, the intermediate pair narrow andindicated only behind, the anterior half obliterated ; lateral
stripes broader ; lateral margin of prmsentum light brown ;pseudosutural fovem black; seutal lobes grey, only theextreme sutural portion brown; postnotum reddish brown,
sparsely pruinose. Pleura grey pruinose. Halteres obscureyellow, the knobs weakly darkened. Legs with the eox~elarge, reddish brown, sparsely pruinose ; trochanters obseureyellow ; femora dark brown, the bases a little paler; vague
indications of a paler subterminal annulus ; tibim and tarsi
dark brown. Wings relatively long and narrow, subhyaline,
the base and cells C and Sc more yellowish ; stigma pale
brownish yellow ; very small brown clouds at origin of Rs

new or little-known Tipulidm.

537

and on the basal deflection of /~4+~; remainder of wingvirtually clear ; veins brownish black, those in the costal andprearcular region yellowish, veins M, Cu, and ,4 almost black.
Yenation : Bs long, angulated and weakly spurred at origin ;r only a little more titan its own length from the tip of R1 ;R~+~ and basal deflection of R4+ 5 subequal ; r-m present,
longer than m; cell M1 one-third longer than its petiole;cell 1st M2 elongate-rectangular, m-cu nero- mid-length.
Abdominal tergites dark grey, with an interrupted dorsomedian brown stripe, the areas interrupted basally andmore narrowly at the caudal margins of the segments, more
expanded at their posterior ends ; lateral margins of tergites
narrowly ochreous ; sternites grey, the posterior marginsof the segments narrowly ochreous ; hypopygium oehreous.
Male hypopygium very similar in structure to G. conjuncta.
Lobe on ninth tergite roughened, but not blackened. Baststyles with the blackened interbasal lobe a little shorter, thecephalic beak straighter. Outer dististyle more slender,
more heavily chitinized apieally, the subterminal spine notextending beyond the apex; some distance before themargin at near two-thirds the length of the style a very low
blackened tubercle; apex of style weakly serrulate; subterminal spine acute, blackened ; surface of style with sevenor eight long set~e.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, (~, Gordon Pyramid~ Mr. Arthur, Nelson, January 1924 (A. Philpott) ; Tonnoir's number 25 b.

Gynoplistia dactylophora, sp. n.
Allied to G. aurantiopyga, Alexander; antennae 16segmented~ with twelve branched segments ; halteres orange ;wings broad, whitish, with a sparse brown pattern, the apex
almost clear; male hypopygium with the end of the baststyle produced into a long slender lobe that runs out into aslender chitinized point.
Female.--Length about 7 ram. ; wing 8"1 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm 16-segmented, theformula being 2 + 2 + 1 0 + 2 ;antennae black throughout;longest branch about two-fifths the length of the flagellum ;branch of twelfth flagellar segment about one-half longer
than the segment, tlead black, sparsely dusted with grey ;vertex between the eyes broad.
Thorax black, the pleura more dusted with grey. Halteresorange, only the extreme base of the stem darkened. Legs
with the coxze dark brown; trochanters obscure yellow;
Ann. & ll/iag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. xvii.
35

538

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

femora yellow, the tips rather narrowly but conspicuously
brownish black, the amount proportionately subequal on all
the legs; posterior femora conspicuously longer than theothers; tibim yellow, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsal
segments 1 and 2 yellowish brown, tile tips narrowly
blackened; terminal tarsal segme~ts black. Wings broad,whitish subhyaline, with a sparse brown pattern; base andcells C and Sc yellowish brown ; stigma brown ; brownmarks at base of cell R, beneath the origin of Rs, in baseof cell Cu, and a spot in distal half of each anal cell; cordand outer end of ceil 1st M~ very narrowly seamed withdarker; wing-apex clear; veins brown. Veuation: Rs
strongly angulated at origin ; R~+~ in alignment with Rs,
shorter than r ; cell 3/1 longer than its petiole ; m-cu near
mid-length of cell 1st My
Abdomen black, the hypopygium obscure orange. Male
hypopygium with the tergite produced into a long madianspine, the apex of which is glabrous ; basal portion of tergite
with long conspicuous setze, especially at the caudo-lateralangles. Basistyle relatively stout, the dorso-caudal angle
produced mesad and slightly eephalad into a long, slender,
straight rod that is longer than either dististyle, tapering
gradually to the acute chitinized apex, the basal threefourths or more with long conspicuous setm that are larger
and more powerful at the base ; ventro-mesal face of basistyle with a conspicuous feshy setiferous lobe; a still
smaller, densely setiferous lobe on dorso-mesal face of basistyle. Dististyles two, the outer a flattened glabrous bladethat terminates in two acute points, the more dorsal one
subtended by a broad flatteYmd wing; inner style provided
with small setse, the inner margin with a tJ-shaped notch
before the apex, cutting off a flattened, sparsely setiferous,
darkened apex. Each gonapophysis appearing as a relatively
stout rod that gradually narrows to the subacute apex.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Mr. Arthur Tableland, Nelson, altitude5000 feet, December 23, 1921 (A. 2bnnoir); collector's
number 34.

Gynoplistia pleuralis plutoni~, subsp, n.
Male.--Length about 8'4 ram. ; wing 8 ram.
Differs from typical pleuralis, Alexander, as follows :-Pronotum and mesonotum entirely black.
Pleuraentirely black, very sparsely pruiztose. Legs with all thecoxm black, the trochanters dark brown ; femora black, onlynew o~' little.~nown Tipulid~.

539

the basal third or less obscure brownish yellow ; remainderof legs black. Wings with the black marking at origin ofRs very extensive, wider than the band at the cord, crossing
vein M and occupying an even longer space in cell M, thebaud virtually crossing the wing, being interrupted only inthe costal cell and ~or a short space behind vein Cu ; a small
postarcular cloud in cell R. Abdomen entirely black,
including the hypopygium, only the styli of the latterobscure yellow. M[alehypopygium very similar in structure,
the inner dististyle with a linear series of five or six powerfulbristles along the outer margin, the distal two being muchsmaller.
The antennae are quite as in the typical form, bei~g]6-segmented witi~ the terminal two segments simple.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~;, Aniseed Valley, Nelson, December 1-4, 1923
(A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number ~0b.
The general appearance of this fly is very different fromtypical pleuralis, but the differences are chiefly colorational
and it is better to consider this as being a subspecies.

Gynoplistia serrulata, sp. n.
Thorax chestnut-brown; head shiny black; antennae 15segmented, in the ? simply serrulate; posterior tibiae
with a broad white annulus; wings whitish subhyaline,
heavily marked with dark brown; abdomen blue-black, thegenital segment and very long terebra orange.
ffemale.--Length about 9-9"5 ram. ; wing 7"7-7"9 mm.
Rostrum black; palpi dark brown. Antennm 15-segmented, the formula ( ? ) being 2 + 6 + 7 ; the scrrations of
the basal five flagellar segments are very short, the longest(flageilar segment 3) only about two-thirds the segment;
all serrations very broad-based, being united with the segment for all except a slight apical portion ; pectination offlagellar segment 6 reduced to a tiny subapical tubercle;
terminal segments oval, the ultimate about one-half lo,,gerthan the penultimate; scapal segments obscure brownish
yellow ; flagellum black, the axis of tile basal two segments
brownish yellow. Head broad, siliny black ; a low tubercle
immediately caudad of each anten,al fossa.
Pronotum shiny dark brown to brownish black. Mesonotum shiny chestnut-brown, witil vague indications of adarker median area on the pr~escutum. Pleura darker
chestnut-brown ; a conspicuous transverse area of appressed
silvery-white pubescence on the anepisternum, extending
35 ~

540

Dr. C. P. Alexander onventrad on to the dorsal edge of the uternopleurite. Halteres
obscure yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxse
and trochanters obscure yellow, shiny; femora clavate, yellow,
the apices conspicuously dark brown, more extensive on thefore legs where more than the outer half is darkened ; on theposterior femora the tips are narrower, but black and welldelimited; tibim black, the posterior tibim with a broad
obscure white annulus beyond mid-length, the setse on thisring dark-coloured; tarsi black. Wings wbitish subhya]ine,with a conspicuous dark brown pattern; cell Sc dark; aquadrate area at origin of Rs, completely traversing cell R ;a conspicuous wash beginning as a tiny spot near the base ofcell M~ occupying all of the space behind vein Cu and crossing
the semi-atrophied Cu~ to occupy more than the basal halfof cell Cu. finally crossing vein 1st A and occupying the
distal end of the cell ; a broad band completely traverses
the wing at the cord, including the slightly darker oval
stigma; this band is narrowest at r-m, thence broadeningout to encircle cell 1st M~ and almost completely fillingcell Me ; wing-apex slightly paler brown, but this relatively
broad and well-defined; veins black. Venation: Rs long,feebly angulated at origin, R~+a very short ; cell M 1 a little
longer than its petiole; m-cu near mid-length of the lower
face of cell 1st Me; vein 2nd A unusually sinuous, at apex
perpendicular to margin.
Abdomen blue-black, the sternites somewhat paler ; genital
segment and ovipositor orange, the valves of the latterexceedingly long and slender, almost straight.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, Nelson (Glen), Nelson, October 22, 1923 (E. S.
Gourlay) ; collector's number 35 b.
Paratypes, 2 ? ?, Aniseed Valley, Nelson, December 14, 1923 (A. Tonnoir).
Gynoplistia serrulata would appear to be most closely
related to G. clavipes, Edwards, from which it differs in the
broad white annulus on each posterior tibia.

Gynoplistia flavohalterata, sp. n.
General coloration shiny black ; antennm 15-segmented,
in the d' with eight branched segments ; haltercs uniformly
yellow ; wings subhyaline with a very sparse brown pattern ;abdomen blue-black, the genital segment in both sexes
fulvous ; male hypopygium with the gonapophyses expanded
at tips into small blades ; mdeagus short, with a conspicuous
shoulder on either side.

new or llttle-known Tipulidae.

541

M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 6"5 ram. ; wing 7"5-8"2 ram.
_~'emale.--Length 8"7-9 ram. ; wing 8 ram.

Rostrum shiny black; palpi brownish black. Antennm
black throughout, 15-segmented, the formula in the ¢ being
2+2+6+5,
in tile ? 2 + 7 + 6 ;branches in d~ very
elongate, the longest fully half the length of the flagellum ;terminal flagellar segment only a trifle longer than the
penultimate; in the ? the branches are reduced to mere
serrations as in G. serrulata, sp. n. ; branches of flagellar
segments 6 and 7 being merely indicated as a protuberance
near the apex of each. Head shiny coal-black.
Prothorax and mesothorax shiny greenish black. Pleura
black with an extensive patch of appressed silvery-whitepubescence, occupying the anepisternum and encroaching
posteriorly on the pteropleurite. Halteres uniformly yellow.
Legs with the coxze shiny yellowish brown to brownish
yellow, the fore cox~e a trifle darker ; legs long and slender ;f~mora yellow, the tips broadly blackened, on the fore legs
the black including tim distal three-fifths, on the posteriorlegs less than the distal half; tibim black, the posteriortibiee brown, passing into black only at the narrow tips;
tarsi black. Wings subhyaline with a very sparse brownpattern ; cell Sc dark ; stigma oval, brown ; narrow brown
seams along cord and outer end of cell 1st M~ ; a small spotat origin of Rs and another of subequal size in alignment
with it in the outer end of cell 1st .4 ; wing-apex broadly
but rather vaguely darkened, tile amount of darkening
variable; veins black. Venation: R s strongly angulated
at origin; r close to tip of R1; cell Ml subequal to or
shorter than its petiole; m-cu before mid-length of cell
1st M2 ; vein 2nd .4 rather strongly sinuous.
Abdomen blue-black, the hypopygium conspicuously
brownish fulvous. Male hypopygium somewhat similar to
G. clavipes, Edwards, in structure, differing notably in thedetails. Basistyle produced apically into a single ithttencd
blade that is directed strongly mesad as well as caudad, its
apex very obtuse, the tip glabrous for more than one-half
its length ; interbasal process a flattened blade that is directedcaudad, broadly expanded at base, thence narrowed into aneck, the apex finally dilated into a flattened head. Gonapophyses long and slender, narrowed basally, expanded atapices into a small spatula. _TEdeagus short with a very
conspicuous angular shoulder on either side. Ovipositor
with the basal segment dull fulvous, the valves yellowish
horn-colou 5 very long and slender, nearly straight.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

542

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Holotype, d', Mr. Arthur Tableland, Nelson~ altitude4500 feet, December 27, 1921 (A. Tonnoir); collector's
number 36.
Allotopotype, ?.
Paratopotypes~ 2 ~ (~, 2 ? ? , December 25-27, 1921.
Gynoplistia flavohalterata is allied to both G. clavipes~
Edwards, and G. serrulata, sp. n., differing in the diagnostic
characters given above.

Gynoplistia campbelli bicornis, subsp, n.
Male.--Length about 6"5 ram. ; wing 6"7 ram.
Female.--Length about 7"6 ram. ; wing 8 ram.
Generally similar to typical campbelli~ Alexander, differing
as follows :-c~. Legs with the femora less extensively blackened, on
the posterior legs including only a little more than theenlarged distal third. Wings with Scl ending a shortdistance before the fork of the long Rs; distal end of outer
section of vein R: upeurved; cell 1st ~ elongate-rectangular,
m-cu before mid-le~lgth. Male hypopygium much as i~1 thetypical form ; interbasal process bispi~lous~ the lateral apicalangle with an acute spine that is directed caudad, the mesal
apical angle with a slightly larger spine that is directed
mesad as in the typical form. The gonapophyses have theapical spine a prolongation of the mesal edge.
? . The female differs rather conspicuously from the male,but seems to be correctly associated despite the differencesin coloration. Since no females of the campbelligroup havebeen described, more details of this sex are given :--Headshiny black. A~,tenn~e with about the basal eight segments
serrulate~ the longest serration fully equal in length tothe segment ; terminal segments broken. The conspicuous
paired tubercles on the ventroQateral portions of the cervicalsclerites are very conspicuous, directed ventrad. Pronotum
black. Mesonotum shiny brown~ the centres of the scutellum and postnotum narrowly darkened ; postnotal pleurotergite blackened.
Pleura shiny chestnut-brown, thepubescence as in the real% but nearly eoncolorous with the
integument and correspondingly inconspicuous. Legs withthe femoral tips restrictedly darkened. Wings with the
apex but failltly and restrictedly infumed. Abdomen shiny
blue-black, the gtmital segment and ovipositor orange.
Ovipositor with the tergal valves elongate, very slender, thetips gently upearved.
Hub. New Zealand (South Island).

new or llttle-known Tipulidse.

543

Holotype, ~ , Waiho, Westland, altitude 600 feet, January
25, 1922 (A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 35.
Allotopolype, ?, January 21, 1922 (A. Tonnoir).
Gynoplistia dispiloides, sp. n.
Allied to G. hyalinata, Alexander; antennae only 13segmented, with nine branched segments; no silvery pubescence on thoracic pleura ; halteres with dark knobs ; posterior
tibiae with an obscure whitish ring; vein R~ long andsinuous.
Male.--Length about 4"3-4"5 mm. ; wing 5"5-6 ram.
Rostrum black; palpi clark brown. Antennm 13-segmented, the formula being 2 ÷ 2 + 7 + 2 ; branch of thefirst flagellar segment about three and one-half times thesegment, that of the second segment fully four times;
longest branch (flagellar segments 4 and 5) a little morethan one-half the flagellum ; branch o[ flagella,' segment 9
nearly twice the segment; terminal segment much larger
than the penultimate. Head shiny coal-black.
Thorax entirely shiny coal-black, the pleura without
evident pubescence. Halteres brownish yeliow to brown,
the knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxm obscurebrownish yellow, the fore coxae more darkened basally;trochanters obscure yellow; trichim of legs long and conspicuous ; femora yellow, the enlarged tips blackened, more
extensively and conspicuously oil the posterior femora ; tibiae
dark brown, the tips blackened, the posterior tibiae pale
brown basally, with a broad dirty white ring beyond midlength, the tips black ; tarsi black. Wings subbyaline, thecells beyond the cord distinctly darker ; stigma and a broad
seam extending to r-m darker brown, very narrow andindistinct seams along cord and outer end of cell 1st M2;cell Sc a little infumed; veins dark brown. Venation:
Sc~ longer than Scl, extcndil~g to opposite or beyond threetburths Rs, the latter short, arcuated to weakly angulated
and spurred at origin; r more than twice its length fromtip ol R1; cell 2nd R1 constricted near mid-length; R~+3
variable, from about two-thirds to a little longer than thebasal deflection of B~+5; vein R~ long and sinuous, i}om
four to five times Rs+s alone ; cell M1 varying from subequal
to nearly three times its petiole; m-cu before mid-lengthof cell 1st M 2 ; vein 2nd A unusually straight.
Abdomen black, including the hypopygium. Male hypopygium very similar in its general structure to that ofG. hyalinata. Basistyles with the mesal face produced

544

Dr. O. P. Alexander on

eephalad and less evidently caudad into obtuse lobes, theentire face with conspicuous setm. Outer dististyle withthe apical third much narrowed, the apex weakly serru]ate.
Gonapophyses appearing as very long narrow blades, the tips
very narrow and subacute. 2Edeagus with three strong
setm along each lateral margin, the outermost very long andpowerful, the middle one about one-half this length, thethird seta basal in position, smallest. In hyalinata there
are two setm of nearly equal size.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, ~ , Aniseed Valley, Nelson, December 1-4,
1923 (A. Tonnoir); collector's number 42.
Paratypes, 2 (~ (~, Nelson, Nelson, December 8-15, 1921

(A. 7bnnoir).

Despite its general appearance, G. dispiloides seems to be
more closely related to G. hyalinata, Alexander, than tothe other members of the dimidiata group, which includes
G. dimidiata, Alexander, dispila, Alexander, hyalinata, Alexander, lobulifera~ &lexander, and very probably G. albicincta,
Edwards.

Gynoplistia nematomera, sp. n.
General coloration shiny black; antennm 14-segmented,
with only eight branched segments; knobs of halteres yellow ;legs long and slender ; wings with a very broad cross-bandat the cord ; male hypopygium with the basistyle produced
into a long slender apical point; gonapophyses very long,
filiform.
Male.--Length about 4"4 mm. ; wing 4"8 ram.
Rostrum black; palpi dark brown. Antennm relatively
elongate, if bent backward extending approximately to thebase of the abdomen, 14-segmented, the formula being
2 + 2 + 6 + 4 ; longest branch about two-fifths the flagellum ;scapal segments brown ; flagellar segments beyond the basal
two or three, including the branches, brownish black.
Head shiny black.
Pronotum and mesonotum shiny black. Pleura andsternum shiny black, without evident pubescence. Halteresbrownish yellow, the knobs clear yellow. Legs unusuallylong and slender, the femora enlarged at apices ; coxm paleyellow, the fore cox~e blackened, except at the tips; trochanters yellow; femora obscure brownish yellow, theenlarged apices conspicuously brownish black; tibim andtarsi brownish black. Wings subhyaline, the apex very
indistinctly but rather broadly infuscated; a very broadcross-band completely traverses the wing at the cord, mostnew or llttle-known Tipuli&e.

545

of it lying beyond the cord-level and including the stigma ;this band is nearly parallel-sided, encircling the pale cell
1st M~; a conspicuous quadrate area at origin of Rs incell R, and another slightly larger one in alignment with itin cells Cu and 1st A, near the tip of vein 2nd A ; cells C
and Sc scarcely darkened; veins dark brown. Venation:
Scl and See ending opposite the fork of Rs; Rs long, angulated at origin ; r about its own length from tip of R1, cell
2nd R1 being long ; celt M~ about equal to its petiole; m-cu
just before mid-length of cell 1st ~ ; vein 2rid A unusuallystraight.
Abdomen black, including the hypopygium ; sternites atrifle paler. M a l e hypopygium with the caudal margin of
the ninth tergite produced into a broad, obtusely rounded
median lobe, its caudal margin with a minute U-shaped
notch. Basistyle relatively stout, the apex produced caudad
and slightly mesad into a long slender rod that is only alittle shorter than the inner dististyle, tile base of this prolongation with a few powerful setm, the apical half or atrifle less narrowed to a slender glabrous point, the tip
subacute ; outer face of basistyle with relatively few set,e,tile mesal face with a dense cushion of long yellow bristles ;interbasal plate appearing as a flattened beak-like portion
near the caudal mesal angle of basistyle. Outer dististylean unusually broad-based flattened blade that narrows to aslender slightly curved point, this style without setm. Innerdististyle a little shorter, the apex a slightly dilated obtusely
rounded lobe, the style with two long sets3 and several
microscopic spinul~ on the distal third. Gouapophyses
very long and slender, the base broader, the distal third
narrowed into a filamentous portion that is weakly sinuous.
_~deagus broad-based, the apex unusually short and broad.
Anal tube densely covered with short set~e.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Hololyy, ~ , Day's Bay, Wellington, November 29~ 1921
(A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 38.
G~/noplistia nematomera superficially resembles G. trifasciata, Edwards, but is a very different fly.

Molophilus abruptus semiermis, subsp, n.
Male.--Length about 3"2 ram. ; wing 4"6 mm.
Closely allied to tile typical abru~vtus, Alexander, differingin the structure of the male hypopygium.
The basal dististyle is formed generally as in abru~vtus,
with a dense group of spines near mid-length on mesal face ;here the spines are not distributed over so great an area andDr. C. P. Alexander on546

are more crowded, the most distal one larger and more
powerful than the others, the most basal spine short, from aslightly enlarged base. Beyond this armed portion the style
narrows gradually to an acute tip that is not further armed
with spines.
Hab. New Zealand (South Island).
Holotype, c~, Lake ]3runner, Westland, February 3,
1922 (A. Tonnoir) ; collector's number 179.

Macromastix tenuifrons, sp. n.
General coloration orange-fulvous; antennm short ill
both sexes; frontal prolongation of the head long andslender ; wings subhyaliue, the costal region more yellowish ;stigma conspicuous, brown; cell 1st M2 unusually sm,1],
pentagonal.
Male.--Len~th about 9 ram. ; wing 12-12"8 mm.
Femal,.--Length about 12 mm. ; wing 1~ ram.
Frontal prolongation of the head very long and sle~lder,
equal ill length to the remainder of the head ; nasus lacki,g ;frontal prolongation orange-yellow, more or less sufl'usedwith brown ; palpi dark brown. Antennae relatively short,
not inuch longer than the frontal prolongatlou of the head ;scapal segments obscure t'ulvous ; flagellum brow~l ; flagellar
segments gradually decreasing in size and length. Headclear fulvo,ls-yellow.
Thorax orange-fulvous, the interspaces paler; pleura
more yellow. Halteres pale brown, passing into darker on
the knobs. Legs with the coxm and trochanters orangefulvous ; femora brown, the tips narrowly blackened ; tibiae
brown, darker apically; tarsi dark brown. Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc more saturated yellow, especially thelatter cell; wing-apex a very little darker; stigma conspicuous, brown ; veins brownish black. Ye,~ation: Rs
approximately equal to R:+a; r faint but evident, near theextreme tip of R1, so cell 2nd R 1 is very small ; cell 1st M~
unusually small, pentagonal ; m a little shorter than petioleof cell M1 ; cell 2nd A moderately narrow.
Abdomen yellowish brown; central portions of tergites atbase darktmed to form an interrupted vitta ; subterminal
segmet~ts and hypopygium passing into uniform dark brow,.
Hab. New Zealand (North Island).
Holotype, ~ , Whangarie, 1North Auckland, February 22,
1924 (7'. R. Harris).

Allotopolype, ?.

new or llttle-known Tipulid~e.

547

Paratopotypes, 12 ~' ? ; paratypes, 5 d' ? , :Nihotapu,
Auckland, February 24-25, 1923 (,4. Tonnoir).
Maeromastix tenuifrons is very distinct from all otherdescribed species of the genus in the long slender frontal
prolongation of the head and the small cell lsl M~.
Macromastix subobsoleta, sp. n.
Male.--Length 9"5 ram. ; wing 12 mm. ; antenna about
5'3 ram.
Closely related to M. mesocera, Alexander, differing asfollows :-Antennm proportionately a little longer and more slender.
Mesonotal pr~escutum with the usual three stripes conspicuous, dark brown, the median stripe very indistinctly
divided bv a pale capillary vitta, the surface of these stripes
shiny. I:Ialteres with the knobs largely dark. Wings withthe distal section of vein R2 subobsolete and nearly inalignment with the basal section; cell 2nd R, thus being
very small and irregularly rectangular ; distal section of R~
shorter than r ; vein R3 shorter ; veins M~, M3, and M+ at
wing-margin but little weaker and paler than at base ; veinm about two-thirds the basal deflection of M~ ; m-cu shorter
than the distal section of Cul.
Hab. New Zealand (South Islmld).
Holotype, ~ , Mt. Grey, Canterbury, in beech forest,
February 23, 1924 (J. I4z. Campbell).
Hudsonia ~zigmatica, sp. n.
Female sex fully-winged ; antennae 9-segmented; thorax
brownish testaceous, without distinct markings; wings
brownish grey, the stigma oval, darker brown.
Female.--Length 18 ram. ; wing ]5"5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively short, arched,brownish testaceous ; nasus stout, hairy ; palpi dark brown.
Autenum 9-segmented; basal segment of scape elongate,second segment small, cyathiform ; basal four flagellar segments larger, gradually decreasing ill length and diameteroutwardly, the basal two with conspicuous powerful se~m
distributed over the entire length; flagellar segments 5
aud 6 small, with long setm; terminal segment elongate,equal to the preceding two segments taken together andpresumably the result of fusion of two segments, transversely
wrinkled, provided with powerful set~e; besides the powertul
bristles and delicate setm ch)thing the flagellar segments,
there are intermediate pale spinous setm, broad-based, from548

On new or llttle-known Tipulila~.

distinct punctures. Head brownish yellow, brighter on theorbits and the conspicuous vertical tubercle.
Mesonotum brown, more yellowish brown on the anteromedian region of the praescutum, but without distinct stripes;
pseudosutural fovem conspicuous, blackened, shiny, themargins of the prmscutum immediately cephalad of the fove~elikewise blackened; remainder of mesonotum shiny testaceous-brown without markings. :Pleura brown, moretestaceous below; dorso-pleural membrane dull ochreousbrown; ventral portion of the postnotal pleurotergite protuberant, sparsely pubescent, the apex weakly blackened.
Halteres relatively elongat% pale, the knobs brown. Legs
with the coxm and trochanters testaceous-brown ; femora
dull yellow, the extreme tips very vaguely and indistinctly
darkened ; tibim and basal two segments of tarsi dull yellow,
the extreme tips darkened ; terminal tarsal segments passing
into dark brown. Wings fully-developed, brownish grey,
the base and costal region somewhat darker; stigma oval,
brown ; veins darker brown. Venation : Scl preserved ;Rs subequal to Re+e, gently arcuated ; tip of R~ preserved
but pale; R3 gently sinuate, not produced and bent toward
the wing-tip as in the subgenus Chlorotipula of Macromastix;
petiole of cell M, nearly twice m, the base of the cell pointed ;cell 1st Me pentagonal, the proximal end one-half longer
than m ; basal section of 314 (m-ca of Comstoek-Needhamsystem) short, but present ; cell 2nd A of moderate width.
Abdomen relativoly elongate; tergites obscure brownish
yellow, with a large but ill-defined median brown area at thebase of each segment; impressed basal areas close together;sternites more or less darkened at the incisures. Ovipositor
elongate, chitinized ; tergal valves long and straight, more
slender than the slightly higher sternal valves; tergal valves
not hairy ; basal shield of ovipositor large and shiny.
Hub. New Zealand (:North Island).
Holotype, ~, Ohakune, Wellington, altitude 2060 feet,
January 31, 1924 (T. R. Harris).
Hudsonia cenigmatica is a species whose strict generic
position is still in doubt. The long, chitinized, non-hairy
ovipositor is almost identical in structure with that of the
genotype of Hudsonia (heterogama, Hudson). The antennm
are reduced to a condition about equal to that of the malesex of 1t. heterogama. If the generic reference is correct, as
certainly seems to be the case, the species is of greatinterest in being fully winged in the female sex.