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4th International Workshop and 8th Annual Meeting
Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
Systems (DEWATS) in Cambodia
Presented by: Nuth Makara (Technical Coordinator)
18-19.Feb.2013

Youtube Links: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbD52wUQyrE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcrf115vyuI (websites: www.borda-sea.org and www.escambodia.org

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Bremen Overseas Research andDevelopment Association (BORDA)
••
•
•
•

•

•

F
Foundedd d iin1977,1977 Bremen
BG
GermanyWorks in 3 regions – SEA, SA, Sth Africa
Supported directly by the German Government(BMZ)
Established in Cambodia in 2008
Objective - To improve public health, hygiene andliving conditions in urban/peri-urban low-income
areas
Focus on promotion of Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment Systems (DEWATS) for SME, public
institutions & communities
Cambodian Partner Organization: Environmental
Sanitation Cambodia (ESC)1

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Regional Cooperation Project
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in South‐East Asia (SEA)
Indonesia (Bali Fokus, BEST, LPTP)
since 1997, 900 DEWATS projects
CBS, SME, SBS, Public Institutions
Philippines (BNS‐Inc)since 2006, 20 DEWATS projects
CBS, SME, Public Institutions
Vietnam (VWAR)
since 2006, 12 DEWATS projects
CBS, SME, Public Institutions
Cambodia (ESC)
since 2008, 13 DEWATS projects
SBS, SME, Public Institutions

Cooperation OfficeRegional Office

Laos (LIRE)
since 2008, 7 DEWATS projectCBS, SBS, Public Institutions

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4The
DEWATS Systemsystem
The DEWATS
 Sedimentation(25% to 40% pollution reduction)

 Anaerobic digestion-1st(ABR)(65% to 75% pollution reduction)

 Anaerobic digestion-2nd(AF)(75% to 90% pollution reduction)

 Aerobic and Facultative
decomposition(HGF) Aerobic Pond218/02/56

Types and Sources of Wastewater• Types of wastewater DEWATS can treat:– Domestic wastewater;
Schools, Hospitals, Communities, hotels, orphanages,temples……
– Organic Industrial wastewater;
Food factories, Slaughter houses, Animal farms, Tofu,markets……
markets– DEWATS can treat mixed gray-water and black-water– DEWATS can treat only black-water with Biogas option– DEWATS does not treat rain/stormwater
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Type and Source of Wastewater• DEWATS pipelines (collection systems):- PVC pipes (8.5) dia. 60cm/100cm/150cm- Shallow installation depth 20cm to 150cm- In Cambodia pipeline slope is from 0.5% to 1% (Effluent pump an option)- Manhole installed every 12m of pipeline and at turning points

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DEWATS - Key Benefits• Treats 1 to 1000 m3 of organic wastewater per day,domestic or industrial, reducing pollution by up to 90%• Low primary investment and minimal
operational/maintenance costs• Reliable, modular and sustainable design built withlocal materials• Minimal land requirements• No external energy inputs required and can produceenergy from the biogas digester option

The DEWATS Option
DEWATS Fills
the Gap!

Conventional
centralized&highg costs systems
yCommon onon-site
Sanitation Systems

Common DEWATSDEWATS-options
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Cost Overview (construction and operation)
School Based Sanitation(SBS)
Treatment Capacity:
5m3/day (WW)
Users: 835 students & teacher
Cost: US$14,000 (OAV/Borda)(DEWATS: US$5,000//Pipeline:US$1,000)$
Operation Cost: US$72/mth
Year: 2011
CODin = 500mg/L
BODin = 270mg/L

CODout = 91mg/L
BODout = 42mg/L
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Cost Overview (construction and operation)

9cont.

HospitalpProjectj(SME)()
Treatment Capacity:
40m3/day (WW)
Users: 600 patents & staffs
Cost: US$105,000 (Lien AID)
(DEWATS: US$26,000/Pipeline: US$13,000)
US$13 000)
Operation Cost: NA
Year: 2011
CODin = 750mg/L
BODin = 500mg/L

CODout = 88mg/L
BODout = 42mg/L
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Management and Institutional Aspects
ESC-BORDAESC
BORDA Services
ESC-BORDA provides comprehensive DEWATS services:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
5.

DEWATS Promotion
DEWATS Planning
DEWATS Design
DEWATS Construction Supervision
DEWATS Training
T i i &M
Monitoring
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Management and Institutional Aspects
O&M – SBS Examplep(cont.)• Estimated O&M costs (BK School)– $62 / mth daily O&M costs (soap, water, electricity,towels, cleaning materials etc)
– $10 / mth hardware repairs/maintenance– Total = $72 x 12 mths = $864/year– Total per person (834) / per mth = 345 riel/mth• Funding Sources:– Bicycle parking– PB (Government Budget)– School shops– Growing/Selling vegetables– Parents
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Management and Institutional Aspects(cont.)

O&M – SBS Example
 School WASH Committee (SWC) In-charge of O&M:
Supervision

Implementation

Scheduling

Budgeting2013‐02‐18

Management and Institutional Aspects
O&M – SBS Example

13(cont.)

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Monitoring & Evaluation
 When do we do it?
6 months, 12 months, 24 months(after start operation)
 What do we do?
Facilities/DEWATS structure checking,Inflow, outflow wastewater flowing in pipeline Wastewater Sampling(min. 2 times per project)
National Effluent Quality Standards:(Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control – No:27 ANRK.BK, 1999)
Public Water Area & Sewer: COD <100, BOD <80
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Monitoring & Evaluation

15(cont.)

 Samplingp g Activities
 Inlet of DEWATS taking sample
 Outlet of DEWATS taking sample
 Temperature measurement of Wastewater inside DEWATS system
 Wastewater level measurement inside DEWATS Plant
 Sludge measurement in DEWATS Plant

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Mr. Nuth Makara, Technical Coordinator , ESC-BORDA Cambodia, Telephone: 012 -888 447
Email: bordacam.s.eng@gmail.comYoutube Links: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbD52wUQyrE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcrf115vyuI (websites: www.borda-sea.org and www.escambodia.org)

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