The Republic of The Union of Myanmar
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
Conservation

Current situation and issues of Industrial Wastewater
Management In Mandalay

Mr. Ko Ko Oo
Staff Officer
Environmental Conservation Department
Mandalay Region
1

OUTLINES OF MY PRESENTATION
 Introduction of Our Country

and My Department

 Environmental Policy of our country Impact of Industrial

wastewater discharge

 Some projects related to industrial wastewater

management
 Challenges in Industrial wastewater management
 Conclusion
2

COUNTRY PROFILE
Name-MYANMARArea-

676,578km2

Population
census)51,486,253( 2014Capital

Nay Pyi Taw

NeighborCountry-CHINALAOTHAILANDINDIA
BANGLADESH

3

Mandalay Region
37,945.6 Km2•Area( 14,650.878 sq mi)•District

7 Nos.

•Townships

31 Nos.

•Wards270 Nos.

•Population

6165728(2014 Census)•Density
Source:160 Km2 ( 61.77sq mi)
Mandalay - Wikipedia

4

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MINISTRY OF NATURALRESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Union Minister

Environmental
Conservation
Departmen
Dry Zone
Greening
Department

ForestResearchInstitute

ForestDepartment
Myanmar
TimberEnterprise
SurveyDepartment

University ofForestry

DepartmentofMine

No.1
MiningEnterprise

Myanmar
Gems
Enterprise

No.2
MiningEnterprise

Myanmar
PearlEnterprise

Departmentof Geological
Survey and Mineral
Exploxation
5ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT (ECD)

Environmental
Conservation
Department

Administra
tion

Policy, Int.
Relation,
Research andTraining Division

Pollution Control
Division

Natural Resources& EIA Division
State &Region

Admin

BudgetPolicy&Planning

Int.
Relation& Res &Ext.

Urban &Industries

Env.
Quality

NaturalRes.
Cons.

EIA

6ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT,MANDALAY REGION

DIRECTOR
DEPUTY
DIRECTORASSISTANTDIRECTORASSISTANTDIRECTOR

STAFFOFFICER

STAFF
OFFICER

Administration

Policy, Int.
Relation,
Research andTraining Division

Pollution
ControlDivision

NaturalResources &EIA Division
7

Policy guidance for mainstreaming (1994)
To harmony and balance between these through theintegration of environmental considerations into thedevelopment process to enhance the quality of the lifeof all its citizens.
It is the responsibility of the State and every citizen
to preserve its natural resources in the interest ofpresent and future generation.
Environmental protection should always be theprimary objective in seeking development."
8IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGE
 Most of industries have only primary treatment

facilities to remove large particles and solidwaste, such as screening and settling basins.
Industrial wastewater are discharged intowater body without any complete treatment

9

SOME PROJECTS RELATED TO INDUTRIAL WASTEWATERMANAGEMENT The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water

Environment Management and EIA System in Myanmar
 Installation of small scale wastewater treatment facilityfor dying industries in Wundwin Township (HORRIBA)

10

THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATERENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

Project Type
Project Period-Project Location-Supporting Agency -Technical Aid Project
3 years (from June, 2015 toJune 2018)
HlaingRiverinYangonand Doke Hta Waddy River inMandalay
Japan International
Cooperation Agency(JICA)

11

IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER DISCHARGEThe total number of enterprises is 1,189.

There are 187 large factories, 784 workshops/medium-scale
factories, and 288 domestic small-scale factories andbusinesses.

Most common products are cooking oil, wheat mill, and sugar
mill, and cardboard.

Water usage of most factories is limited, and 85% of thefactories use less than 10,000 gal/day (45 m3/day).

12

RESULTS OF POLLUTION SOURCE SURVEY

1. Outline of Pollution Source Survey
 Questionnaire Survey (200 Factories)
Each 100 Factories in Yangon and Mandalay
 Wastewater Sampling (50 Factories)Each 25Factories in Yangon and Mandalay
 Term: From August to November during project
period1000(Existing Factories)*Existing Factories: Approx. 1000 each
2. Results
 Result (Questionnaire Survey)
 Percentage of Sector for 100 Factories
 Number of Employees of Target Factories
 BOD and Water Usage Guideline Awareness Difficulties of Installation of WWTP
 Result (Wastewater Sampling) Water Quality (BOD, COD)
 Pollution Load

100(Questionnaire)

25(Wastewater Sampling)

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

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RESULTS OF POLLUTION SOURCE SURVEY IN 2016
(DOKE HTA WADDY RIVER BASIN)
Questionnaire Survey (100 factories in Mandalay) Wastewater Sampling and Analysis (25 factories in Mandalay)
Locations of Target Factories for Questionnaire Survey in 2016
14

PERCENTAGE OF SECTOR (100 FACTORIES) INMDY
16
Food and Beverages Manufacturing

11Garments, Textile and Leather Products
37

9Wood Mnufacturing
Chemicals Manufacturing
Manufacture of Glass and Ceramics

14

Manufacture of Construction Materials
22

Metal, Machinery and Electronics

 Percentage of Sector for Questionnaire Survey (100 Factories)
SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

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WATER USAGE OF INDUSTRIAL IN MANDALAY

21350 ‐ 1,000 gal/day1,000 ‐ 5,000 gal/day

18

5,000 ‐ 10,000 gal/day

62

10,000 ‐ 20,000 gal/day
20,000‐ gal/day

Water Usage for 100 Factories
12-15%: More than 5,000 gal/day-Most of Top water users are categorized
in “Food and Beverage”

Food and Beverages
Manufacturing

Sector of “Top Water Users (15 Factories)”

Garments, Textile and LeatherProducts

12

Chemicals Manufacturing

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

16EXISTING FACTORIES IN DOKE HTA WADDY RIVER BASIN

17514%

413%

18615%

Food and Beverage Manufacturing

534%

695%Garments, Textile and Leather Products
Mechanics and Welding Business

13110%

Car workshop (Car body/Frame/Painting)
Iron Smelting
151
12%

470
37%Construction (Steel Structure and Iron EntranceGates)
Metal/ Bronze Casting
OthersSOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

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CONNECTION TO 10” PIPELINE 37 out of 100 factories are connected to the pipeline.
 Reported volume of wastewater discharged to the pipeline is 1,142 m3/dayor 82% of wastewater discharged from the 100 factories investigated.
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AWARENESS OF GUIDELINE- 70 – 80% of Factories are not aware of“National Environment Quality (Emission) Guideline”
YangonMandalay
2329Yes

77

NoYes

No

71

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

19

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Existance of Wastewater Treatment
Facilities (%)

46

 Only 46% of thefactories
investigated thistime are equippedwith wastewater
treatment facilities.

54Yes

NoSOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

20PRIMARY/SECONDARY TREATMENT
Primary Treatment (%)
Yes

ScreenEqualization Tank

Yes

No199

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

496

UASB

199

OTHER BIOLOGICAL

0100

66

340100Chemical Coagulation

0100

1SEPTIC TANK

96

4Oil Separator

Other

No

78

22

Settling Basin

Secondary Treatment

9921

WASTEWATER SAMPLING (MDL)

BOD
COD

Guideline
Below
Above
Value (ppm) Guideline Guideline50316250316BOD

Total

No Data
191966COD
261120 ‐ 20 ppm

620 ‐ 100 ppm
420 ‐ 50 ppm
50 ‐ 100 ppm
68250 ‐ 1,000 ppm
1100 ‐ 1,000 ppm

1,000 ‐ 2,000 ppm
2,000 ‐ ppm

1,000 ‐ ppm
No Data

100 ‐ 250 ppm

11No Data

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR22

OUTLET BOD CONCENTRATIONS
Outlet BOD Concentration (mg/L)
12

Number of Factories

 Many factories in
Mandalaydischarge
concentrated
wastewaters.

10108642322122210

BOD (mg/L)

SOURCE. THE PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN BASIC WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND EIA SYSTEM IN MYANMAR

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Monitoring industrial wastewater Sampling

industrial wastewater and Measuring thequality of wastewater at some points and final
discharged point (at the end of 10 inch Pipe line near
Dotawady River) 10 parameters of wastewater quality

measured(pH,BOD,COD,DO,EC,TDS,Salinity,TSS,TN,TP)

24

24

Monitoring industrial wastewater Inspecting the discharge condition of factories thatdischarging industrial wastewater into Dotawady riverby 10 inches pipe line
 Making

public awareness activity related with industrialwastewater management at Industrial Zone

 Regular Monitoring water management of someindustries with cooperation of other relevant department

25

CHALLENGES OF SOME FACTORIES IN INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
 Absence of Internal and External Env. Expert
 High Cost comparing to Benefit
 Difficulties of obtaining Funding Limited Land
 Unclear Regulatory Requirement
 Unrealistic Environment Regulation

26

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CONCLUSION
 Water resource is essential for our daily life Industrial wastewater problem is main issueto be addressed Capacity development and technicalassistance are needed Active participation of all stakeholders isnecessary

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