SDGs&Organic Cycle
2019.8.20

2019 International Forum inSolo
Civic Engagement 4.0 Justice~ Dignity ~ Sustainability
Taisho University
Tomoko Okayama

United Nations DPI2

Three Dimensions of SustainableDevelopment• Sustainable development has been defined as development that meetsthe needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
• For sustainable development to be achieved, it is crucial to harmonize
three core elements: economic growth, social inclusion andenvironmental protection.

United Nations DPI

Another Way to Look at SDGs – The Five PsUnited Nations DPI

4

Food Security and SDGs
• Food security is required for local sustainability
SDG 2 Food Security・14 Marine・15 Land・6 Water・
7 Energy・13 Climate
11 Resilient Cities• Basis for foodproduction
12 resource use
8 decent work
9 innovation"economic goals"
出典： Stockholm Resilience CenterSustainable region :city,municipality, country, etc.
Hardware: Infrastructure

conservationof nature,
ecosystem
protection

Self-sustainability of Region

Software:HumanSociety

Example:Regional general plan

Example:Environmental
basic plan
T. Okayama, Akane Shobo,（2019）SDG12: sustainable society
and material cycles - "3R"
Re-use
RResources

production

consumption<secondary resources>

Waste

society
prevention(Reduce)

Recycle<non-renewable
resources>(depletion)<renewables><Env. Burden>

natural cycle=ecosystemservices(accumulation)

solar radiation

natureGoal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption andproduction patterns
Sustainable consumption andproduction＝Sound material cycle society＝3R

Local cycle of resources

SDG12.3• By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at
the retail and consumer levels and reduce foodlosses along production and supply chains,
including post-harvest losses

Food waste treatment in Japan
unit: 1,000 metric tons (2013)

Business-based MSW
Industrial waste

Food
manufacturingindustry
16,580Food loss
6,000

Municipal Waste
Wholesale , Restaurants
Retail 1,490
1,880Household9,000-10,000

Composting 80%
AD (Biogas) 17%
Feed 78%
Compost 17%

Recycling

Incineration

Food waste: avoidable andexpiry dates are just an
unavoidable parts
Avoidable - "could havebeen eaten"• a lot of unopened food
could be found inhousehold waste,e.g."expired" food• some wasted food waseven before "expiry" date
Unavoidable - peels, bones,shells, usually removed oruneaten.

indication. Many items could
still be eaten safely (andtasty) after the expiry date

Avoidable food waste discharged
from households

3R of food waste* Reduction is most important, especially for avoidable
food waste* Reuse is not effective (e.g. donate to poor people)- very limited capacity (does not solve waste disposalproblem)- does not solve fundamental problem of poverty* Recycling is appropriate for unavoidable food waste(e.g. composting)- Cooperation (e.g. sorted waste disposal) of citizen,farmers, and business is necessary. Change mindset

Important to make the system "visible” to get citizens’
awareness

3 Factors to make society 3R(Okayama,2007)

1. Trigger,
Crisis situation or some topic,Problems Waste Management on policy,
processing skill, economy and cost, etc.
Opportunities of getting attention about
waste by citizens, actors

2. Leadership,

2.

1.

Leadership

Trigger

Top management of the leaders onmunicipality, NGO, businesses, schools,etc.

3. Social CapacityParticipation and partnership
Citizens’ participation and partnership isthe engine to change the society

They should be needed to establish
and keep 3R system of municipality

3.
Social Capacity of waste& material management

Trigger: Nagoya City
Waste Crisis andPreservation ofFujimae Wetland• 1990's:Continuous increase of waste• 1997: waste exceeds 1 million t/year• 1998: shutdown of 1 incinerator• 2000: predicted finished capacity of landfill• Project of landfill construction at Fujimae
Wetland → Fierce opposition of citizens (e.g.
birdwatching group)★debate on "birds or waste"?
• 1999 Jan: Nagoya mayor turns down landfill plan
at Fujimae wetland★the wetland was saved• 2002 Nov. Registration of Fujimae Wetland asRamsar site

• How to deal with the waste? -> REDUCE!!

Fujimaewetland

"Okaeri Yasai" Project:creation of local material cycle in Nagoya• 2008 Feb Project start• By naming the system andthe products as "Okaeri
Yasai", the loop becomes
more visible to the citizens
and stakeholders - raisingawareness↑• Not only composting thefood waste, but also
connecting consumers,
retailers and farmers
through the use ofcompost, thus completingthe loop→Circular Economy

CitizenSupermarket
Restaurant
School canteen
Food Waste
Vegetable
Consumers

Farmers

Composting
Compost"Okaeri Yasai is growing in this field"("Okaeri Yasai" means "Welcome back, vegetable!")Sale of
Okaeri Yasai ata supermarket

(From the menu list of Nagoya City primary school)
Item with this mark uses rice produced in Minato-ward, and Broccoli produced inMidori-ward.
Broccoli is produced with compost made from waste of shops and homes inNagoya. This is called "Okaeri Yasai". It also contributes to reducing waste inNagoya City

Pupils eating
Okaeri Yasai at school

Cooking class using
Okaeri Yasai

Consumers visiting
farmers growing
Okaeri Yasai

Thank you for your attention!