Current situation ofLivestock industry andLivestock waste water inThailand
Maytawee Tamprateep, DVM.
Department of Livestock Development , Thailand

Topics Outline of pig industry
 Current situation of pig wastewater and its impact to water environment.
 Technology in Thailand applying for pig wastewater treatment.
 Issues/problem in pig wastewater treatment
 Technological needs for improvement of pig wastewater management inThailand.

2

Population statistic in Thailand

3

2026

2021

2017

2011

1997

Thailand’s Gross National Income4Background of Livestock sector : Pig industry
Livestockspecies

Quantity 2017
(million head)*
4.88
0.58
1.03
10.19
429.98
26.29
0.65
0.05

Beef Cattle
Dairy Cattle
Buffalo
Pig
Chicken
DuckGoat
Sheep
Total

Import2016(Million Bht)**
1,489.8
10,641.7
2,528.4
156.9 (0.96%)
240.1
70.5
27.9
1,263.8
16,366.1

Export2016(Million Bht)**
991.6
1,928.1
268.5
6,960.7(8.3%)
89,137.1
62,968.9
18.9
36.2
181,690.2

Source:Data from
* DLD, ** OAE

5Import & Export value of Pork and Swine Product(2007-2016)
250,000,000
209,094,136

200,000,000

4,967,077

2014

2015

4,713,404

3,022,460

2010

107,820,809

2,747,102

2009

137,450,034

2,833,495

1,239,168

2008

2,119,968

1,195,752

50,000,000 32,798,732

1,064,942

100,000,000

116,419,159
103,586,325
88,275,496
85,962,372

1,533,763

USD

158,739,138
142,439,574

150,000,000

02007

Export Value (USD)

2011

2012

2013

Import Value (USD)

2016

6

Import & Export value of live pig (2007-2016)
5,000,000,000.00

4,603,398,156.00

4,500,000,000.00
4,000,000,000.00

3,000,000,000.00

2,538,725,209.00

2,500,000,000.00

2,018,791,545.00

00

0

0

2,007.00925,676,017.00

0500,000,000.0091,147,382.00

1,765,355,876.00

1,579,755,327.00

1,036,040,967.00

01,012,431,395.00

1,000,000,000.00

01,500,000,000.00

1,683,198,859.00

02,000,000,000.00
2,977,783.00

USD

3,500,000,000.00

0.00
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Export Value (USD)

2012

2013

2014

Import Value (USD)

2015

2016

7

Pig population statistic in Thailand

Trends of pig population
12000000
The statistic of pig number
records from 2010-2017
showed that the number ofpig varies from 8-11 million
pigs/year

10000000
8000000
6000000Ⴁ

4000000
2000000Source : Department of0

Livestock Development (DLD)2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
8Pig population in Thailand 2017

categories

No. of Pigs

No. of Farmers

Native Pigs

650,972

72,138Boars

73,493

Sows

861,553

Fattening Pigs

6,671,290

Piglets

1,934,476

total

10,191,784

76,25774,877
180,606

9

Waste water producing rate & Organic Loading

Categories

Average waste water(Liter/head/day)Average BOD(mg/liter)

Average COD(mg/liter)

Average SS(mg/liter)

Average TKN(mg/liter)

Nursery20 (16-21)

2,500(2,433-2,842)

5,400(4,907-6,279)

3,000(2,511-3474)

700(574-759)

Fattening

24 (23-26)

3,500(2,763-3,875)

7,400(5,589-8,022)

4,700(5,597-7,400)

700(574-759)

Breeder64 (50-82)

800(756-845)

1,700(1,638-1,906)

900(824-1,101)

350(266-536)

Research from Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE)

10

Swine density in Thailand

1,934,476
935,04620.3%

6,671,290

9.8%

69.9%

Fattening
Breeders
Nursery

11

Situation of pig wastewater in Thailand

Songkhla
Lake

Tha-ChinRiverBang PakongRiverChaoo PhrayaRiverRive12

Impact of livestock waste

Ⴁ Environmental impact(Water pollution/ offensive odor/Disease transmission/GHG emission)Ⴁ Social conflict(community area - livestock farm)
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Impact of pig wastewater to water environmentႡ Water degradation : color/taste/odor
Ⴁ Eutrophication : excessive algae and aquatic plants decreased oxygen disslove affectplants and other livings.
Ⴁ Water resource including ground water contamination(chemical cpd. ,microorganism)Ⴁ Unable to use and consumption
Ⴁ Leads to Socio-Economic and Environmental issue14

Issues/Problem in Pig wastewater• June 2016, Nakorn-Nayok province• Water pollution result from pig farm waste water discharged toirrigation canal effect fish and other livings.
• July 2016, waste water discharge from pig farm to Mae-Ing river.

15

Issues/Problem in Pig wastewater• November 2016, Udonthani province.
• Waste water form a large scale pig farm contaminatedto irrigation canal in rainy season.

16

Situation of pig wastewater in Thailand : Pig farm complaint20181614121086420Odor
Waste water
Source: Ministry of Natural Resourceand Environment (MONRE)
Updated: Nov 2017

2014

2015

2016

2017

17

Law and Regulations control : pig farm

Waste water quality standards
Parameters

Units

Maximum permitted value
Large

SmallpH-

5.5-9.0

5.5-9.0BOD

mg/liter

60

100

COD

mg/liter

300

400

SS

mg/liter

150

200

TKN

mg/liter

120

200

Announced from Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE); 1992

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Livestock Wastewater treatment system:
Biogas system in Thailand

1.

Fixed Dome System

2.

Package Biogas System (Bag Digester)3.

Covered Lagoon System (CL)/(MCL)

4.

Channel Digester System (CD)19

Fix dome
Source: http://www.kplworldtrading.com/product/biogas-bag/

Bag digester

20

Channel Digester
Covered Lagoon
21

Biogas System
Collecting & Pre-treatment
SystemTreatment System(Biogas)

Biogas utilization
Sludge Management

Post treatment system(lagoon/open pond)22Non-Biogas System Open pond )series* Manure management (manure to cropland/ fish feeding)23

BIG CONCEPTƈZZERO WASTEƉ
“Good waste management practice and utilization.”24

Issues/problem in pig wastewater treatment• Inadequate and inappropriate livestock waste management.
• Insufficient local biogas constructor.
• Lack of understanding how to maintain water treatment System.
• Financial issue

25

Green Agricultural City and Biogas Construction
Promotion Project (2014-- 2017)

Ⴁ Promote the development of wastewater treatment systems inlivestock by subsidizing farmers for the construction of a biogas
wastewater treatment system up to 700,000 baht / farm
Ⴁ 90 farms in 25 provinces

2626

Modified Cover Lagoon System

27

Economic ReturnFarm

12

34
567Type

Survey 16 farms in 2016
Energy cost
reduction

Income fromsolid waste

Baht%

Fattening
2,400
Boar4/sow500/nursery100

456,000

4530,000

144,000

22-Fattening 900
Fattening
1,200Fattening
1,800
Fattening
1,800
Boar90/sow3,000/Fattening
20,00049,00088

30,00070,40075

54,043408,000

74

50,400280,000

70

48,6002,400,000

33

96,000

FarmType

Energy cost
reduction
Baht

89

10
11
1213

1415
16

Incomefrom solid
waste%

19,200100

36,00096,00040

162,000

3,000,000

50

216,000

48,00057-

84,000Boar 2/Sow 240
Boar38,4007/Sow80/Fattening
400/nursery60
45,000
Fattening650

58

10,800100

21,60062

96,00028,80060

80,00012,000100

31,500

Fattening 1,500
Boar60/Sow1,300/
Fattening1,000/
nursery3,600
Boar160/Sow4,000Fattening 900

Fattening2,200
Boar7/Sow80/
Fattening400/
nursery60

50 – 80% Energy cost reduction

28

Zero waste ProjectႡ Promote using pig farm waste in agricultural field as
bio-fertilizer.
Ⴁ Aim to reduce production cost and environmental
impact.
Ⴁ Received awards from OCSC
- Outstanding Integrated Service Award in 2013
- Continuously Qualified Service Award in 2016

29

Project’s Concept

Agriculturalalliance

Conference

How to apply manure andwaste water effectively inagricultural field.
(Chai-nat province)•••••

Farmer – Pig farmDLD
Dpt.of land development
Ministry of national resourceand environment
Kasetsart university

Demonstration

Smart farmer

30

Zero waste ProjectႡ

31

Concentrated bio-fertilizer & How to use
The mixture of- Pig manure- Effective microorganism(Dpt. Of land development)- Yoghurt- Compressed Yeast powder- Molasses- Water

25 kg.
2 pack2 cups2 tablet
10 kg.
50 Liter

30 days

Apply in rice field- Mix with water 1 : 200 Liter- Spray : 10-15 Liter/ha, every 7-10 days
Other crops and Vegetable- Mix 60 ml. with water 20 Liter- Spray/ via root , every 7-10 days

Pig wastewater : 30 – 60 Liter/ha( improve soil fertility)

Concentrated bio-fertilizer

32

81. : 1%%Reduce
Chemical fertilization

41. 51%Increase
Productivity

100%
Total success!
33

Technological needs for improvement of pig
wastewater management• Innovation&Technology• Organic Farming• Precision agriculture• Mixed-Farming Agriculture• Research & Development
Digital Platform technologyof alternative energy(sensor /AI/Computer program)(biogas)• Feeding precision andcontrol• Sufficient Economy• Environmental condition(Temp,humidity.)34

Acknowledgement

Ⴁ Dr. Sansak Nakavisut; DLD
Ⴁ Dr. Ninthapan Kulpredarat; DLD
Ⴁ Dr. Sangthong Prombaingoen; DLD
Ⴁ Mr. Somboon Mangklala; DLDႡ Ms. Atcharaphan Sukpom; DLD
Ⴁ Mr. Thana Rattanachumroon; DLD
Ⴁ Dr. Chao Nokyoo – Mr. Saichol; PCD
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THANK YOU!
Any questions?
Email: maytawee.tamprateep@gmail.com
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