Summary of Country Reports―Current Status of
11 FNCA Member States*―
9th Workshop on Nuclear Security and Safeguards Projectof Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)

November 27, 2019*For ROK, data remained as of
October 2016.

Regulatory Authority
Independence of Regulatory Agencies
 Independent: China (CAEA), Indonesia (BAPETEN), Japan (NRA), ROK (NSSC),
Mongolia (Executive office of the NEC and General Agency for Specialized
Inspections (GASI)) Semi‐Independent*: Bangladesh (BAERA), Kazakhstan (NNC), Malaysia (AELB),
Thailand (OAP), Vietnam (VARANS)*The regulatory agency is under a governmental body or ministry towhich a nuclear promotion agency belongs
 No Independent: Philippines (PNRI)
Recent Development
Philippines: The Comprehensive Nuclear Regulation Act, creating and independent
regulatory body, “Philippine Nuclear Regulatory Commission” re‐filed in
House of Representatives in July 20192

Safeguards (1)Implementation of International Treaties and Agreements
 Member of NPT (Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty): 11/11 states
 CSA (Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement) in Force: 11/11 states (VOA isin force in China)
 AP (Additional Protocol) in Force: 10/11 states
 IS (Integrated Safeguards): 5/11 states
NPT Member

CSA in Force

AP in Force

Integrated
safeguards

Bangladesh
China
Indonesia
Japan
Kazakhstan

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

✓
VOA in force✓✓✓

30 Mar. 2001
28 Mar. 2002
29 Sep. 1999
16 Dec. 1999
9 May 2007

✓
n/a
✓
✓
✓

ROK

✓

✓

19 Feb. 2004✓

Malaysia✓✓(Signed: 22 Nov. 2005)

Mongolia
Philippines

✓
✓

✓
✓

12 May 2003
26 Feb. 2010

Thailand✓✓17 Nov. 2017

Vietnam✓✓

17 Sep. 2012

＊1 Philippines got Broader Conclusion from IAEA in May 2013 and implementing IS in 2017.
＊2 Vietnam got Broader Conclusion from IAEA in May 2015.

✓＊1

＊2

3

Safeguards (2)Updates on Safeguards Implementation of 2018‐2019
 Bangladesh: Nuclear material accounting reports and AP declarations are submitted
in a timely manner. One routine safeguards inspection was conducted by the IAEA
Inspectors in April 2019 for AERE (Atomic Energy Research Establishment) and two
LOF (Location Outside Facilities) sites. Submitted DIQ for Rooppur Nuclear Power
Plant which is now under construction.
 China (as of 2018): Submits safeguards reports annually to the IAEA by December
each year for the two civilian nuclear facilities, the Shandong Shidao Bay 200MWe
High‐Temperature Gas‐Cooled Reactor Pebble‐Bed Module Demonstration Power
Plant and Shaanxi Uranium Enrichment Plant that are placed voluntarily under IAEA
safeguards.
 Indonesia: Routine safeguards inspection 2 times for each MBA (Pre PIV & AP, PIV);
Received 2 CAs and 1 Short Notice Inspection; BAPETEN conducted Workshop on
implementation of AP software (2019); numbers of training completed and plannedfor 2018‐2019.
4

Safeguards (3)Updates on Safeguards Implementation of 2017‐2018
 Japan: As a result of cooperation between the Government of Japan and the IAEA,
the successful implementation of safeguards has enabled the broader conclusion
for 2018, first reached for the 2003 calendar year; For Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant, additional safeguards measures such as remote monitoring by
surveillance cameras and radiation monitor were applied to confirm no removal of
nuclear material.
 Kazakhstan: State Level Safeguards Approach for Kazakhstan was introduced;
Installed noble gas radionuclide monitoring station, which will contribute tostrengthening the WMD non‐proliferation regime; Nuclear fuel for research
nuclear reactors was converted to low‐enriched fuel.
 ROK (as of 2016): started Unannounced Inspection since May 2016; “Updated
SLA “has been applied since 1 Sep 2015; revised implementation procedures; 7
Sector approaches are applied based on the types and status of facilities

5Safeguards (4)Updates on Safeguards Implementation of 2017‐2018
 Malaysia: New Atomic Energy bill contained basic requirements for safeguards
elements as well as systems for accounting for and control nuclear materials,
Additional Protocol information and prohibition of nuclear weapon development;
Malaysia has signed the Additional Protocol agreement on 2005, but has yet to
ratify it. Rescission of Malaysia’s Small Quantities Protocol of The Comprehensive
Safeguards Agreement on 14 September 2018; Pre‐ISSAS mission meeting done in
Sept 2018 and ISSAS Mission conducted on 25 February until 01 March 2019.
 Mongolia: Continuous AP activities based on the Safeguards Agreement signed in
May 2003; Yearly and quarterly declaration to IAEA by NEC; received CA from IAEA
and CA to Central geology laboratory in September 2018; Mongolia is participatedthe International Nuclear Safeguards Engagement Program (US DoE, NNSA) in2019 and the technical capacity building has been undertaken under the program.
Drafted regulation on accountancy and control of nuclear material under EU
project.
 Philippines: With the implementation of Integrated Safeguards, the frequency ofinspection will vary. Nuclear material accounting reports are submitted annually
through the Secure Communication. AP reports will be sent as per AP Agreement.

6

Safeguards (5)Updates on Safeguards Implementation of 2017‐2018
 Thailand: AP ratification on 17 November 2017 and 2 Complementary Access in
2018; 1 Complementary Access in 2019. There is a Broader Conclusion Workshop in
2019. The AP declaration and CSA reports were submitted through secure system.
 Vietnam: 108 reports of nuclear research reactor, 74 LOF reports under CSA (2018);
6th year of AP implementation (2019); Workshop on radiation safety for safeguards
inspectorate Q3 (2018).

7

Nuclear Security (1)Implementation of International Treaties and Conventions
 CPPNM (Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material): 10/12 states
 CPPNM Amendment*: 7/12 states*IAEA Recommendation INFCIRC 225/Rev5 consistent with the Amendment
 Nuclear Terrorism Convention (International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of
Nuclear Terrorism):
Ratification: 6 states, Accession: 2 state, Acceptance: 1 state, Signature: 3 states
CPPNM

CPPNM Amendment

Nuclear Terrorism Convention

Bangladesh

10 Jun 2005 in force

Entry into force
since 04 Jul 2017

Accession 07 Jul 2007

China

09 Feb 1989 in force

Ratification 14 Se. 2009

Ratification 08 Nov 2010

Indonesia

08 Feb 1987 in force

Ratification 27 May 2010

Ratification 19 March 2014

Japan

27 Nov 1988 in force

Ratification 17 Jun 2014

Acceptance 02 Oct 2007

Kazakhstan

02 Oct 2005 in force

Ratification 26 Apr 2011

Ratification 31 Jul 2008

ROK

08 Feb 1987 in force

Ratification 29 May 2014

Ratification 29 May 2014

Malaysia

Signature 16 Sep 2005

Mongolia

08 Feb 1987 in force

Preparing to join

Ratification 06 Oct 2006

Philippines

08 Feb 1987 in force

Re‐submitted for ratification
since it wasth not acted uponin 17 Congress

Signature 15 Sep 2005

Thailand

27 Mar 2018 in Force

Ratification 27 Mar 2018

Signature 14 Sep 2005

Vietnam

03 Nov 2012 in force

Ratification 03 Nov 2012

Accession Sept 20168

Nuclear Security (2)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
 Bangladesh:• A National‐level event Expert Mission on Nuclear Security Detection Architecture’in Dhaka, 1st Q 2020 under the Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plan (INSSP).
Formation of Nuclear Security Force as Response Force for the NPP is underway(current response force: led by Bangladesh Army).
• Sep 2018: a protocol was signed with Russia to bring amendments to the 2011 IGA
on the construction of a NPP at Rooppur site.
• IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP): 'Factors that can influence culture forsafety, organizational culture and human performance at nuclear and otherfacilities in Bangladesh'9

Nuclear Security (3)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
 China (as of 2018): Cyber Security Law released in Nov 2016; Nuclear Safety Law
released in Aug 2017; Atomic Energy Law (draft) as a direct upper‐level legislation of
nuclear security, is in the process of review and approval; Regulations on Nuclear
Security under development; Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security (COE) came into
operation in Mar 2016, to provide all‐around support to the nuclear security
governmental management and capacity building in China; successful completion ofhe Ghana MNSR HEU conversion Project in Aug. 2017; Completed IAEA IPPAS mission
in Sep. 2017.

10

Nuclear Security (4)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
 Indonesia: BAPETEN Physical Protection regulation is under revision to comply withINFCIRC/225/Rev.5), BAPETEN, BATAN and security authorities conducted Tabletop
Analysis to evaluate PPS implementation in Serpong Nuclear Research Center 2019 ;number of trainings completed and planned. BATAN conducted Security Risk
Assessment in 2019 based on BATAN Chairman Regulation / BATAN Standard; In 2019BATAN and BAPETEN conducted cyber security WS supported by U.S.DOE. In 2018,
submitted INSSP to the IAEA. In 2019, BATAN Established Design Laboratory of PhysicalProtection System under Nuclear Security Support Center (NSSC) in Serpong site.
 Japan: The trustworthiness determination program was introduced into Japan by
March 2019 with revision of related Ordinances and the issuance of the Notificationand the Operational Guidelines; Act on the Regulation of Radioisotopes, etc., andEnforcement Regulation of the Act on the Regulation of Radioisotopes, etc. which tookeffect in September 2019, established a national framework in Japan for RI security.

11

Nuclear Security (5)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
 Kazakhstan: Delivering of the first batch of low enriched uranium to the LEU Bank;
Physical Protection Systems (PPS) modernization.
 ROK (as of 2016): revised DBT considering newly emerged threats such as cyberand drone attack; conducted 4 IAEA‐ROK Regional Workshops on physicalprotection inspection, nuclear forensics, cyber security and 3 INSA International
Training Courses.
 Malaysia: Conducted the Trilateral Exercise for Malaysia, Indonesia and thePhilippines (organized by Malaysia, IAEA) in August 2018; 12 Training to Front Line
Officer (FLO) on Nuclear Security To Royal Malaysia Police and Royal Malaysia
Customs, Conducted several nuclear security training in Malaysia, Receive theTechnical Visit of Senior Officers on National Nuclear Security Implementations
from Oman, Lebanon, Bostwana and Iran; Produce the Security Plan Guideline (forCat. 1, 2 & 3 Radioactive Sources) in Oct; Completed the establishment of PhysicalProtection (PP) Laboratory in 2018, supported by Canada.
12

Nuclear Security (6)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
 Mongolia: Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs) installed at new international airport
in cooperation with U.S.DOE; Organized “Train the trainer” course on bordercontrol in cooperation with DOE; participated in the United States and China jointly
hosted a regional workshop on Counter Nuclear Smuggling from July 10 ‐ 12, 2018.

 Philippines: Review and updated the INSSP in June 2019 to include Nuclear Energy.
Establishing NSSC under the supervision of the Nuclear Safeguards and Security
Section coordinating with the different stakeholders (PNP, AFP, BoC). PNRI mobile
expert support team participated in the 2 Major Public Event in an Urbanized area
this 2019 and to the 30th SEA GAMES this November 2019 (Loan of radioactive
detection equipment in the SEA GAMES). Bureau of Customs will take over the
maintenance of the radiation portal monitors at Port of Manila after the MOA
signed by stakeholders concern, PNRI will provide training and reachback support.

13

Nuclear Security (7)Updates on Nuclear Security Implementation of 2018‐2019
Thailand: INSSP approved in 2018. CPPNM and its Amendment was in force in 2019.
Practical Arrangement with IAEA in nuclear forensics science signed in 2019,
followed by Agency Mission to Enhance Nuclear Forensics Capabilities in Thailand.
National Workshop on Nuclear Security Information Management System (NUSIMS)
in January 2019. Security in the Transport of Radioactive Material for Operators
Training Course and National Workshop on Threat Assessment and Development ofa Design Basis Threat (DBT) conducted in 2018.
Vietnam: International Response Training Course on Nuclear Plan for Radiation
facility in Apr. 2018, Workshop Security Plan for Radiation facility in May. 2018;
Cyber Security in May 2018; Contingency Plan, Workshop on Site Security Plan
Development in Jul. 2018. INSSP updated in June 2018, New Regulatory of securityof rad source in May 2019.

14

Nuclear Security Culture (1)Methods and Plans to Foster Nuclear Security Culture Bangladesh: participation of national/international training courses/workshops/
meetings in collaboration with FNCA, IAEA, U.S.DOE, Russia; undertaken nuclear
safety and security culture awareness programs through poster display; participationin IAEA CRPs in safety and security culture.
 China (as of 2018): organize/ participate in the national/regional/international
training courses/workshops in collaboration with IAEA, U.S.DOE; publish magazine
titled “China Nuclear Security”; develop curriculums on nuclear security culture to
improve the awareness of nuclear security culture for domestic nuclear‐related
personals.
 Indonesia: CSCA/BATAN: conducting self‐assessment on nuclear security culture forradioactive source facility in Pasar Jumat (2018‐2019); develop nuclear security
culture guidance (in progress), universities to develop curriculum on nuclear
security culture (UNHAN’s programe in 2018); Indonesia shared experience on self
assessment of nuclear security culture at research reactor to IAEA member States,in 2018 the report submitted to the IAEA‐TECDOC CRP on nuclear security culture
enhancement solutions.
15

Nuclear Security Culture (2)Methods and Plans to Foster Nuclear Security Culture Japan: NRA Commissioner holds nuclear security culture briefings for executives ofoperators and conducts interviews to executives of operators individually.
Continued efforts by operators to promote nuclear security culture with the support
from ISCN.
 Kazakhstan: Continues efforts to strengthen nuclear security.
 ROK (as of 2016): developed the self‐assessment framework for nuclear security
culture based on IAEA guideline, and would conduct a pilot program at a nuclear
facility in 2016; has conducted an annual survey on Nuclear Security Awarenesssince 2010.
 Malaysia: shared experience on self assessment of nuclear security culture at
Ampang hospital in kuala Lumpur, the report submitted to the TECDOC CRP on
nuclear security culture enhancement solutions; expert mission to support nuclear
security culture self assessment in March 2018. Malaysia has also received
assistance from the King’s College London‐led BEIS‐Sponsored Nuclear Security
Culture Consortium and the Nuclear Security Culture Programme (NSCP).
16

Nuclear Security Culture (3)Methods and Plans to Foster Nuclear Security Culture Mongolia: Cooperation with Executive office of the NEC and US department ofEnergy jointly organized the “International response training course” in April
2018. Exercise on preventing crimes and violations in the radiation facility andimproving the knowledge and skills of government authorities. “Site securityplan” workshop, in May 2019. Draft site security plan has been developed in linewith the Mongolian legal system based on IAEA recommendation.
 Philippines: Continue trainings with nuclear security culture module. Futureplans for a nuclear security culture awareness training for Nuclear Power.
 Thailand: Continuous training, stakeholder communications, and revision ofregulations and guidelines under the Nuclear Energy for Peace Act.

17

Nuclear Security Culture (4)Methods and Plans to Foster Nuclear Security Culture Vietnam: Conducted a Project “Nuclear security foundation and self‐assessment
methodology” in 2016, at nuclear and radiation facilities. Under the project,
questionnaires (68 questions) distributed to facilities: 4 groups of questions(Attitudes and belief, Facility operational and management systems relating to
nuclear security, Management activities, Nuclear security officer actions).

18

Capacity Building (1)Nuclear Security (and Safeguards) Training Centers
This chart identifies the existing training centers in the FNCA member countries, which provide
trainings to practitioners in the areas of nuclear security and safeguards, and training functions of
the centers. Educational programs are not included on the chart.
Training Topics

Training Center/
Training
ProviderStatus ofTraining
CenterTargetBangladesh

TBD / BAEC,BAERA

PlannedChina

SNSTC(COE)/
SNSTC(COE)

In operation

Indonesia*1

BAPETEN ETC,BATAN CET /BAPETEN,
BATAN

ISCN / ISCNJapan

Cooperation with

Security

SG

OthersInternational/
Domestic✓✓

Border control

IAEA, US/DOE,
Russia, JAEA, FNCA

International/
Domestic✓✓

Border control

IAEA, US/DOE

In operation IAEA courses✓✓

IAEA, US/DOE,
APSN, PNTR, JAEAInternational
In operation /Domestic/
IAEA courses✓✓

IAEA, US/DOE,
EC/JRCInternational/International
TC of INP/ TC of
Kazakhstan
In operation /Domestic/
INP
IAEA courses✓✓*1 Gajamada University in Indonesia launched master course on nuclear security in 2017.
*2 BAPETEN ETC will be hosted 3rd regional school on nuclear security in October 2018.

Radiation Safety andRadiation Monitoring
Information Security

US/DOE, Japan19

Capacity Building (2)Cont.

Nuclear Security (and Safeguards) Training Centers
Training Center/
Training
ProviderStatus ofTraining
CenterTargetINSA /INSA

In operation

International/Domestic/
IAEA courses

Malaysia

NSSC / AELB

Training classand Testing Lab
in operation

Mongolia

TBD / NECROK

Philippines

PNRI

Licensee, FLO
NSSC‐ training and othergovernment
modulesagencies

Thailand

TBD / OAP,
CU*1

Domestic
Under
Consideration Competence
Authorities

Vietnam

TSCNSS /VARANS

PlannedTraining Topics

Cooperation with

Security

SG

Others✓✓Export control

IAEA, US/DOE✓

Border control

IAEA, ANSTO,
US/DOE✓

Border control

US/DOE, IAEA✓

Border control

IAEA, US/DOE✓✓

Border control

IAEA, ASNO,
US/DOE, JAEA, EC✓✓

Rad Detection

IAEA, US/DOE, JAEA

*1 Chulalongkorn University in Thailand has master course on nuclear security and safeguards for international/domestic students.

20Capacity Building (3)Nuclear Security (and Safeguards) Training Centers

Cont.

List of the Training Centers
Bangladesh: TBD
China: State Nuclear Security Technology Center (Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security)
China Customs Training Center for Radiation Detection (border control)
Nuclear Safeguards Technical Research Laboratory (Safeguards)
Indonesia: Nuclear Energy Regulatory Authority Education and Training Center (BAPETEN ETC)
National Nuclear Energy Agency Center for Education and Training (BATAN CET)Japan: Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN)
Kazakhstan: Nuclear Security Training Center
ROK: International Nuclear Security Academy (INSA)
Malaysia: Nuclear Security Support Center (NSSC)
Mongolia: TBD (Executive Office of the NEC is responsible to strengthening human resourcesin a nuclear and radiation field.)
Philippines: Philippine Nuclear Security Support Center is underway. Developing modules forthe target stakeholders, National Training Center
Thailand: Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), Chulalongkorn University.
Vietnam: Technical Support Centre for Nuclear Security and Safeguards (TSCNSS)
21