Updates on Domestic Wastewater
Management in Nepal
Madhav Dev Acharya

Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS)Singhadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal

The 16th WEPA Annual Meeting (online)
1-2 March 2021

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Target Indicators and Achievements of Nepal:

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Water Supply ,2020

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Waste Water Production in major urban areas of Nepal 2011:
S.No.

Urban Centers

Waste Water Production (MLD)
DomesticIndustrial

Total

Collected for Treatment(million liter/day)

1Kathmanu

64.4974.515

69.01234.5062

Patan

15.6471.095

16.742

8.371

3

Bhaktapur

5.971

.418

6.389

3.195

4

Kirtipur3.92.274

4.194

2.097

5Madhyapur Thimi

3.069

.215

1.642

4

Pokhara

NA

NA

3.284
13.42

5

Biratnagar

NANA

12.15

NA

6Birgunj

NANA

8.68

NA

7

Bharatpur

NANA

6.84

NA

8Janakpur

NANA

5.41

NA

9Dhangadhi

NANA

5.37

NA

10Butwal

NANA

6.01

NA

Total

93.1046.517

157.50149.811

NAWastewater Management in Nepal
Waste Water Production in major urban areas of Nepal as of 2017:

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Water Supply and Ministry of Urban Development 2018

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Wastewater Treatment Status in Major Cities of Nepal:

Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Regulatory Framework for Wastewater Management in Nepal:
i. Water and Environment Related Provisions in The Constitution of Nepal 2072 (2015):
SN Articles & Schedules
1 Article 30 (1)2 Article (30 (2)3 Article 35 (4)4 Article 56 (2)5 Schedule 5: List of Federal Power
5.1 No. 11
6 Schedule 6: List of State Power6.1 No. 7
6.2 No. 19

Provisions
Every citizen shall have the right to live in a clean and healthy
environment.
Victim of environmental pollution shall be entitled the right tocompensation from the polluter.
Every citizen shall have the right to access to basic clean drinking
water and sanitation services.
The exercise of Nepal’s State power shall be used by Federation,
States and Local units.
Policies relating to conservation and multiple uses of water
resources
State level electricity, irrigation and water supply service,
Navigation
Use of forests and waters and management of environment withinthe State

7 Schedule 7: List of Concurrent Powers of Federation andState
7.1 No. 18
Tourism, water supply and sanitation
8 Schedule 8: List of Local Level Power
8.2 No. 9
Basic health and sanitation
8.3 No. 19
Water supply, small hydropower projects, alternative energy
9 Schedule 9: List of Concurrent Powers of Federation,
State and Local Level
9.1 No. 5Services such as electricity, water supply, irrigation
9.2 No. 14
Royalty from natural resourcesWastewater Management in Nepal

Regulatory Framework for Wastewater Management in Nepal:
ii. Policy and Legislative Frameworks:NameCategoryYear

PurposeWater Resources ActAct

1992

The umbrella Act governing water resource management and declares theorder of priority of water use.

Water Resources Rules

Rule

1993

The umbrella Rules governing water resource management, Sets out theprocedure to register a Water User Association and to obtain a license.

Drinking Water Service Charge
Rules

Rule

1994

Details the procedures for Tap connection and hole change and ownership ofTaps and its transfer.

National Solid Waste
Management Policy

Policy1996

Drinking Water Rules

Rules

1998

Drinking Water Quality Standards Standards

2005

Environment Protection Act

2019

ActWaste management by Local Bodies; mobilize wastes as resources and reduce
wastes at sources.
Regulates the use of drinking water; provides for the formation of Drinking
Water User Associations and sets out the procedure for registration.
Sets standards for water quality; Service Providers responsible for monitoring;
Local level offices.
The umbrella Act governing over all environmental protection of the country.
The policy was framed to guide the implementation of environment related
laws and other thematic laws, realize international commitment and enable
collaboration between all concerned government agencies and nongovernment organizations on environmental management actions.

National Environment Policy 2019

Policy2019

Integrated National Water
Resources Policy

Policy2020

Environment Protection RulesRule2020

Water Supply and Sanitation ActAct

Under
This Act governs all water supply and sanitation protection of the country.
Parliament

Integrated National Water
Resources Act (Draft)

Act

Under
drafting

The draft policy is aimed to cover all aspects of water resources development
and management based on the Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM) principle and newly restructured three tires of government.
This Rule is based on the new Environment Protection Act 2019

The draft Act will be the new water resources act for the execution of newpolicy which covers all aspects of water resources development andmanagement.

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Present Condition and Future Plans of Sewerage and On-site Sanitation Facilities in Major Cities of Nepal:

Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Projected Wastewater Production in Major Cities of Nepal:

Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Shortages of Sewerage Treatment Capacities in Major Cities of Nepal:

Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in NepalExisting and Proposed Wastewater Treatment and On-site Sanitation Facilities in Kathmandu Valley:

Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Guheshwori Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kathmandu Valley :Over view of newly upgraded Wastewater Treatment Plant (Capacity 32.8 Million liter)

Before Treatment
Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

After Treatment

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Status of Goals and Achievement situation of SDG-6 in Nepal:

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Goals of Wastewater Service Level (2030) of SDG-6 in Nepal:

Wastewater Management in Nepal

Achievement Situation of Overall SDG Goals in Nepal:Source: JICA Study Report, 2019

Wastewater Management in Nepal

Water Quality Monitoring Parameters and Monitoring Institutions

 Institutional Monitoring: Besides the monitoring by
the Water Supply Provider, the responsibility ofGovernment agencies lies with the concerned
ministries and line agencies under the ministries. The
monitoring and surveillance responsibility however lies
with the Ministry of Population and Health andconcerned offices under the ministry Execution of Monitoring and Surveillance Report: The
report with comments and suggestions provided by theMinistry of Population and Health and its line agencies
should be followed up/corrected by the concerned
ministries and line agencies depending upon the Water
Supply Provider”.

Wastewater Management in Nepal
Future plans/targets, issues and challenges of water environment governanceTargets and Planned Activities on Water and EnvironmentRehabilitation and expansion of sewerage network including property connections

Rehabilitation and construction of interceptors along the streams



Rehabilitation and construction of five wastewater treatment plants of 90.5 MLD capacity

Energy generation of approximately 910 KW through sludge digestion and gasification

Kathmandu
Metropolitan

Lalitpur Metropolitan

Bhaktapur
Municipality

Kirtipur Municipality• The cleaning ofexisting sewers• New sanitary sewer
and storm waterdrain•New laying replacing
brick sewer•The cleaning ofexisting sewers• Rehabilitation ofexisting combined
sewer• The separation bylaying new sanitarysewer• The cleaning ofexisting sewers• Rehabilitation ofexisting combined
sewer• New storm waterdrain in Bhaktapur
Industrial area

• Cleaning of existingsewers• Rehabilitation ofexisting combined
sewer• The separation bylaying new storm
water drain

Thank You