234

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

R/CIBORSKI, ~[. 1894. " F l o r a

K,Jpalna ()gniotrwuly(.h g l i n e k K r a k o w s k i c h . - - I . " P a m i e t . Mat. A k a d . Umiej. t o m . lS, p. 1 4 : ¢ .
SEWAI:D, A . C .
1898. ' Fossil P l a n t s . ' Vol. I. C a m b r i d g e .
--.
1900. " T h e J u r a s s i c F l o r a . - - l . The Y o r k s h i r e C o a s t . " :Brit.
Mns. Cat. Mesozoic P l a n t s .
---1907. " J u r a s s i c P l a n t s from Cau(.asia a n d T u r k e s t a n . " MSm.
Corn. G4ol. St. Pdt~rsbourg, N.S. Livr. 38.
SZE, H. C. 1931. " B e i t r i ~ g e zur L i a s s i s c h e n F l o r a y o n C h i n a . "A c a d e m i a Sinica, Mere. N a t . Rest,arch. I n s t . Geol. xii. S h a n g h a i .
• 193:L '" Mesozoi(. P l a n t s f r o m K a n s u . " A c a d e m i a Siniea.
Mere. N a t . R e s e a r c h I n s t . Geol. xiii. pp. 65-75.
WALKOM, A. 13. I.ql.5. " Mesozoic tqoras of Q u e e n s l a n d . - - P a r t I . "Q u e e n s l a n d ~'~,ol. Surv. P u b l . 252.
ZIGN(,, A. DE. IN,~S. " F l o r a Fossilis ()oiithi('w." Tom. 1, lS.56-lS67.

5'ew or little-known Tipuli&e (D@tera).--LXXIII.
Neotropical Species. Bv CHARLES P. A L E X A N D E R ,XXIII.

Ph.l)., F.R.E.S., Massachusetts State College. Amherst,
Mass~chuse~ ~s. U.8.A.
THE various novelties discussed herewith are from Peru,
where they were collected ehie!~y by Messrs. Pedro
Paprzycki and Felix Woytkowski, to whom our greatest
advance in knowledge of Peruvian crane-flies is due. The
types of the species are preserved in my per,~onal collection of Tipulidw.

Tipula (Eu'~icrotipula) con~'picillata, sp. n.
Belongs to the glaphyroptera group; mesonotM pr~escutum obscure yellow, with four brown stripes; posterior sclerites of mesonotum wi~ h wide central markings ;antennae (male) elongate, about one-half the body,
flagellar segments bicoloured: halteres yellow; fenmra
brownish yellow, each with two black subterminal rings
enclosing a subequal yellow ring, the actual tip again
narrowly yellow: wings broad, pale yellow, the costal
border more saturated; an unusually conspicuous andcontrasted brown pattern; male hypopygium with theninth tergite narrowly transverse, the produced central
portion with a very shallow U-shaped notch: eighthsternite with a flattened median lobe that is slightly morethan twice as long as its width across base.
Male.--Length about 14mm. ; wing 14ram. ; antenna
about 7.5 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure brownish yellow ;nasus long and conspicuous: palpi with first segment

n e w or little-knoum Tipulidee.

235

obscure yellow, the remainder broken. Antennae (male)elongate, approximately one-half the length of either bodyor wing ; scape brownish yellow, pedicel clearer yellow" ;flagellar segments conspicuously bicoloured, the basal
swelling black, the succeeding portions of the stems
infuscated, the outer portions becoming clear yellow, thisbicolourous nature continuing through the penultimate
segment ; flagellar segments elongate, gently incised, theouter portion of the stem a little expanded; longest
verticils a trifle shorter than the segments. Head brownish
fulvous; vertical tubercle simple but relatively conspicuous; front and anterior vertex yellow, the centreof the latter infuscated, with a narrow median vitta
immediately behind.
Prono~um obscure yellow, with three brown marks:
anterior pretergites opposite the fove~e conspicuously
blackened.
Mesonotal pr~seutum with the ground obscure yellow, with four brown stripes that are narrowly
and vaguely bordered by slightly darker brown; intermediate stripes vaguely separated on the cephalic third
only, confluent behind: lateral pr~escntal border behindthe fovea~ infuscated; prmscutal vestiture short andinconspicuous ; scutum obscure yellow', each lobe chiefly
covered bv two separate brown marks:
seutellum
obscure yel~low, its central portion extensively infuscated •mediotergite broadly darkened on central portion, especially behind, the lateral borders obscure yellow : pleurotergite with its anapleurotergite obscure yellow, more
infuscated in front, the katapleurotergite conspicuously
dark brown. Pleura obscure yellow, the propleura darkbrown. Halteres yellow'. Legs with eox~e obscure yellow,
narrowly more infuseated basally: trochanters yellow;
femora brownish yellow, clearer basally, with two conspieuous blackened subterminal rings that. enclose a subequal clear yellow one. the extreme tip very narrowly
yellow; remainder of legs pale vellowish brown, theouter tarsal segments darker. W{ngs broad; groundcolour pale yellow, conspicuously patterned and variegatedwith dark brown subeostal areas and very slightly paler
clouds in most of the cells : cells 6' and Sc more saturated
yellow ; the darker subeostal areas include a major basal
one extending from h across the bases of cells R and M
into Cu ; second and third areas in cell So. not involving

236

Dr. C. P. Alexander oncell Sc, behind extending about to mid-width of cell R,
interconnected by a narrow linear dark central streak;fourth dark area small, at outer end of cell Sc ; fifth andlast area at stigma ; the darkened clouds of remainder ofwing exceed in area the yellow ground except in thecentral portion of cells R and M ; post-stigmal groundare~ extending into cell R 5 ; a narrower pale area acrosscell 1st M 2 from the outer end of cell R to beyond midlength of cell M 3 ; cell M 1 with pale spot near base, cells
2nd M 4 to M4, inclusive, with similar pale marginal spots ;basad of cord, in cells Cu through 1st A, the dark pattern
becomes more irregular and zigzag ; veins brown, yellow
in the ground areas. Venation: RI~ ~ entire; Rs about
twice m - c u ; vein R 3 almost straight, not sinuous as injuventa ; petiole of cell M 1 subequal in length to the cell.
Basal abdominal tergites obscure brownish yellow, onsides narrowly patterned with dark brown, the outer segments becoming somewhat more uniformly darkened;sternites clear yellow ; hypopygium chiefly yellow. Male
hypopygium with the ninth tergite narrowly transverse,
its width exceeding twice the greatest length; central
portion produced, with a further shallow U-shaped mediannotch; laterial angles obtuse. Lobe of basistyle nearlycircular in outline, covered with short dense setulze. Outerdististyle long and slender, only a trifle expanded on
distal half. Inner dististyle elongate, slightly more dilated
across base, the outer surface and margin with unusually
few setse. Ninth sternite with the lobe suboval, withseveral very long setse, the longest exceeding the lobe
itself. Eighth sternite with the caudal margin truncate,with a conspicuous depressed median lobe that is slightly
more than twice as long as the width across base.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, (~, Monobamba, Tarma, altitude 6000 feet,
December 3, 1940 (Woytlcowslci).
Tipula (Eumicrotipula) conspicillata is generally similar
to species such as T. (E.) arecuna Alexander, T. (E.)
browniana Alexander, T. (E.) delectata Alexander, and T.
(E.) juventa Alexander, especially the latter. It differs
particularly in the elongate antennze of the male, thecoloration of the body, legs and wings, and in all details of
structure of the male hypopygium.

new or little-known Tipulidee.

237

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) huanca, sp. n.

Belongs to the glaphyroptera group; size large (wing,female, about 20 mm.) ; general coloration grey, patternedwith brown; antennze black, the pedicel a little more
reddened ; knobs of halteres blackened ; legs black, thebroad central portion of tibiae paler; wings relatively
narrow, whitish subhyaline, conspicuously clouded andmarbled with dark brown, pale brownish grey and burly ;cell 1st M 2 narrowed at its outer end; abdomen chiefly
reddish brown, more or less distinctly striped withblackish;posterior lateral borders of intermediate
tergites with conspicuous light grey areas.
Female.--Length about 22 mm. ; wing 20.5 ram. ;antenna about 3.4 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head dark grey above, darkbrown beneath, of moderate length, being about threefourths the remainder of head; nasus lacking; palpi
black. Antennae (female) black, the pedicel more reddened, scape slightly pruinose ; flagellar segments withfeebly-developed basal enlargements; longest verticils
unilaterally distributed. Head grey; posterior vertex
with a conspicuous dark brown median area that is narrowed in front ; vertical tubercle very low.
Pronotum grey, restrictedly darkened medially. Mesonotal praescutum light grey, with dark brown markings,
as follows :--The normal four stripes are much reduced,
the intermediate pair being represented by washes andindividual spots, separated b y a capillary dark brown
median Vitta ; sublateral stripes short and relatively small
but entire; interspaces with a few scattered setigerous
punctures that bear very inconspicuous set,e; scutum
clear light grey, each lobe with two small, disconnectedbrown spots, the median area weakly darkened ; scutellum
grey, with a conspicuous central darkening, parascutellaslightly darker; mediotergite grey, with a more or lessdistinct central infuscation on its cephalic portion ; pleurotergite variegated brown and light grey. Pleura patternedwith light and dark grey, the latter especially evident on
the ventral sternopleurite, the anepisternum even more
conspicuously patterned with blackish; anterior dorsopledral membrane surrounding the spiracle light yellow, theposterior membrane dark brown. Halteres relatively long,238

Dr. C. P. Alexander o nstem yellow, knob blackened. Legs with coxm g r e y :trochanters dark brown ; femora black, the bases narrowlyr e d d e n e d ; tibiae with both ends narrowly blackened,
the extensive central portion paler; tarsi black. Wings
with the ground whitish subhyaline, very heavily
clouded and marbled with dark brown, pale brownish
grey and buffv: prearcular field and cell C chiefly lightb r o w n ; cell ,~c yellow, with three dark brown clouds as
described below : a clear light yellow spot at arculus : thedarkest areas are subcostal in distribution, including one
at origin of Rs and a second just basad of it, both involving
cell Nc a, well as R but not reaching vein M b e h i n d :stigma and a confluent scant over anterior cord darkbrown : narrower dark brown seams over posterior cord.
outer end of cell 1.~t M~ and on the veins beyond cord ;restricted dark brown areas near areulus and over outerend of cell Sc ; paler brmvnish-grey washes in the centresof the outer cells to fi)rm a very zigzag pattern in cells M
to 2n.d A, inclusive, in cells M and M~ merging into bufl~
margins ; the subhyaline ground doe~ not form uninter-rupte<t bands either befbre or beyond the s t i g m a ; veinsdark brown, somewh~t pa.ler in the more brightened
costal field. Wings much narrower t,han in mocoa.
V e n a t i o n : E x t r e m e tip of R~+~ a t r o p h i e d ; vein R 2very short, eell R 2 pointed at base; Rs mmsuMly long,
about two-and-one-half times the long m c~ : cell 1st M~
narrowed at, its outer end ; petiole of cell M~ nearly twice,re ; vein 2nd A nearly strMgbt.
First abdominal tergite brownish g r e y ; succeeding tergiles with the ground reddish brown, with a more or lessdistinct, more blackened lateral stripe, the lateral marginof posterior half of each segment heavily and conspicuously
light grey pruinose, forming a series of six marks oneither side of abdomen ; sternites reddish brown, p a t t e r n e dlaterally and along the centre with darker ; genital shieldreddish b r o w n ; ovipositor with cerei long and straight,
reddish brown.
Hab. Peru (Ayacueho).
Holotyl)e, ~, Yamunonte, L a Mar, in fog forests, altitude
3000--4100 metres, September 26, 194I (Woytkows]ci);
in bushy thickets along brook-margin.
The specific name, huanca, is t h a t of a native Peruvian
tribe. From other approximately similar species having

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

239

marbled wings, including Tipula (Eumicrot@ula) mocoa
Alexander, of Colombia, the present fly differs in thecoloration of the body, legs and wings, and in the narrower
wings with distinct venational details.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) immorsa, sp.n.
Belongs to the monilifera group; general coloration ofnotum fulvous brown, the pr~escutal stripes poorly differentiated ; antennm (male) almost as long as body, basal
flagellar .segments weakly bicolored, the outer ones uniformly blackened; thoracic pleura uniform yellow:
femora obscure yellow, the tips blackened ; wings strongly
suffused with fulvous brown, very restrietedly patternedwith darker brown and wtfitish subhyaline : abdominal
tergites trivittate with brownish black, on the subterminal
segments forming a blackened ring • hypopygium yellow.
the ninth tergite with a broad caudal emargim~tiou,
bearing at its base a second narrower median notch : outerdististyle dilated on outer half : inner dististyle with a row
of strong bristles on distal half of outer margin: lobe ofeighth sternite unusually short and broad, only about aslong as the width across the base.
Male.-Length about 12-13 mm. : wing 16-17 ram. ;antenna about [0.5-11 mm.
Fernale.--Length about 18--19 mm. ; wing 17.5---lS ram.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow above, including
the long nasus, infuscated on sides, particularly justcephalad of the eyes ; palpi brownish black, the incisuresand apex of terminal segment a trifle brightened. Antennae(male) with the scape and pedicel yellow ; basal flagellar
segments brown, the basal knots black, the outer segments
becoming uniformly black ; segments beyond the abrupt
knot uniformly cylindrical. In female, antennae small andsimple. Head buffy yellow, with a capillary black
median vitta.
P r o n o t u m and mesonotum chiefly fulvous brown, thepr0eseutal stripes poorly differentiated from the ground:in eases, the stripes a little darker and more conspicuous,with a further dark capillary median vitta ; interspaces
with very conspicuous ])lack setigerous punctures : scutal
lobes again vaguely patterned with darker; scutethnn
with a linear black median dash on basal portion. Pleuraand pleurotergite, including the dorsopleural membrane,)40

Dr. C. P. Alexander onyellow. Halteres with stem brown, the base narrowly
light yellow, the knob blackened. Legs with the cox~eand trochanters yellow ; femora obscure yellow, the tips
blackened ; tibiae and basitarsi dark brown ; outer tarsal
segments black ; claws (male) with a very weak denticle.
Wings very strongly suffused with fulvous brown, very
restrictedly patterned with darker brown and whitish
subhyaline ; dark areas include the stigma and an adjoining cloud on the anterior cord, with restricted areas in
the prearcular field and vicinity of the arculus; thesubhyaline areas include a restricted, incomplete, poststigmal area across ~he bases of the outer radial cells ; asimilar, disconnected area in cell 1st M2, crossing into
cells R and M3; a very inconspicuous pale area nearouter end of cell R 5 ; very restricted pale marks beyond
mid-length of cells R and M and onbasal half of Cu, where
they alternate with darker clouds ; cell 1st A with twovague brightenings on proximal half, the remainder ofanal cells uniformly of the ground-colour; cells C and Sc
slightly darker than the remainder of ground, unpatterned;
veins dark brown. In the female, wing-pattern somewhat
better indicated. Venation : RI+ 2 entire ; m longer thanthe petiole of cell M 1.
Abdominal tergites yellow, heavily and conspicuously
trivittate with brownish black, increasing in amount on
the outer segments and here restricting the yellow ground ;segments six to eight, inclusive, chiefly blackened;sternites and hypopygium yellow. In cases, the mediantergal stripe poorly indicated on the more basal sclerites.
Male hypopygium (fig. l ) w i t h the tergite, 9t, broadlytransverse, the caudal margin with a very broad andshallow emargination, with a further deep and narrow
median notch: dorsal surface of tergite with a mediangroove for the entire length, much widened on more thanthe posterior half of sclerite ; lateral tergal lobes obtusely
rounded. Outer dististyle conspicuously dilated on its
outer half, where it is more than three times as wide as
it is across the stem. Inner dististyle with the beakunusually long, not heavily blackened; set~e of distal
half of outer margin forming a strong row, the more basal
ones becoming very small and delicate. Basistyle entire,without a lobe. Lobe of ninth sternite small, elongateoval, with apical setse that exceed it in length. Lobe

Tipulid~e.

new or little-known

")41

8s

3

d

z.~.

I

.

.d

b
'

t

5

b:

6

II-

7

g

Fig. 1 . - - T / p u t a (Eumicrotipula) i mmorsa, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 2.--Tipula (E.~mierotipula) yanamonteana, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o pygium.
Fig. 3.--Gonomyia (Lipophleps) mythica, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
F i g . 4.--Gonomyia (Lipop]~lep~,.) dotata, sp. n . ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 5.--Gonomyia (Lipophleps) scelerata, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 6.--Gonomyia (Lipophleps) philomela, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i m n .
Fig. 7.--Styringomyia ~nystiea, slo. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 8. Styringomyia america~a A l e x a n d e r ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
Fig. 9. Styringo~llyia simplex, sp. n. ; m a l e h y p o p y g i u m .
( S y m b o l s : b, b a s i s t y l e ; d, d i s t i s t y l e ; p, p h a l l o s o m e :8, s t e r n i t o ; t, tergite.)::4:¢

Dr. C. P. Alexander onof eighth :;ternite, 8s, unusually short and broad, its
length about equal to the width across base, provided
with numerous long yellow setoe ; remainder of sternite
with central portion without major set,e, these repr ~,ented
by about 15 to 18 on either side.
Nab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Carpapata, Tarma, altitude 2600 metres,
May 10, 1940 (Woytkowski). Allotopotype, '2, pinned
witil t.x't)e. Paratopotypes , ~jo, ] ~', M,~v 4-6, 1940 (Woyt-

ko,',~]:i!.
The present fly is readily told by the coloration of the
body and wings, in conjunction with the structure of themale hypopygium, especially the tergite, outer dististyleand eighth sternite.
In the small lobe of the latter the.~!v is most similar to species such as Tipula (Eumicroti))~da) armillata Alexander, of Colombia.

Tip~da (Eumicrot@ula) yanamonteana, sp. n.
Belongs to the moniIift~ra group : mesonotal prwscutum
yellow, heavily patterned with brown, including four~ne(lium brown stripes and an additional brownish-black
capillary median v i t t a ; antennze elongate, about twothirds the length of b o d y ; halteres blackened ; femora
pale brown, the tips brownish black; .wing~ whitish
subhyaline, with a very hea~-y contrasted (lark brownpattern; male hypopygium with the caudal nmrgin of
tergite having a small median notch, the very broadt'~teral lobes truncated ; lobe of eighth sternite [)road atbase, narrowed outwardly, provided with conspicuouss('t~e.

Mcde.--Length about 17 ram. : wing 19.5 mm. ;antemla about 12 ram.
Front'~l prolongation of head elongate, slightly exceeding C~e remainder of head, obscure brownish yellow,
sparsely pruinose above, including nasus, the sides(lark brown; palpi black. Antennae (male) elongate,approximately two-thirds as long as b o d y ; scape andpedicel light yellow" first flagellar segment pale brown,
succeeding segments weakly bicoloured, the abrupt basal
knot black, the pedicel medium brown, on the outer
segments the color almost uniformly blackened. Headhuffy, more yellowed on front, with a narrow black
median vitta on vertex.

n e w or little-known Tipuhdm.

243

Pronotum light grey, with three brown areas. Mesonotal pr~escutum with the ground-colour yellow, patternedwith brown, including four medium brown stripes andisolated blackened borders ; intermediate stripes separated
by a conspicuous brownish-black capillary median vitta, allthree stripes becoming confluent behind ; interspaces withvery conspicuous dark brown setigerous punctures that
become more or less confluent ; scutum brownish grey,
conspicuously patterned with brown, especially on thelobes ; seutellum medium brown, slightly darker mediallyat the base but not forming a stripe; mediotergite
browish grey, the central portion narrowly darkened, thesides less evidently so; posterior border with a pair ofcircular, more burly spots. Pleura and pleurotergite
chiefly greyish yellow, very vaguely and indistinctly
patterned with pale brown. Halteres elongate, blackened,
the base of stem restrictedly yellow. Legs with tile cox~egreyish yellow; trochanters pale yellow; femora pale
brown, narrowly clear yellow at bases, the tips rather
narrowly brownish black ; tibia3 pale b~'own, the tips morenarrowly blackened;proximal tarsal segments pale
brownish yellow, the outer ones blackened. Wings
whitish subhyaline, heavily patterned with dark brown,
the dark colour much exceeding the pale, the areas highly
contrasted; the white appears as a broad post-stigmal
stripe extending from C into the base of cell *'~/a ; anisolated longitudinal area near wing tip, including the
distal end of cell R 5, nearly the basal half of M ,and tiny droplets in 2nd M2; cell R~ largely white,
the area crossing Rs at near mid-length into cell R ; amajor oblique white area crosses both ceils R and M at,near mid-length of wing ; basad of this, cells R, M, Cu
and 1st A all with white areas, in the last-named irregularin outline and restricted to the proximal half of cell;
axillary third of cell 2rid A whitened; markings nearbase of cell M and outer part of C u more yellowed : cellC uniformly brown, cell S c only vaguely patterned by thedarker areas; veins brown, paler where the white areas
are traversed. Venation: R s a little less than twicem - c u ; cell 1st M e large ; petiole of cell M~ shorter than m.
Abdominal tergites fulvous yellow, trivittate withbrown, the lateral stripes becoming much darker andwider on the outer segments, though interrupted by the244

Dr. C. P. Alexander onpale posterior borders of the segments and partially b ythe more yellowed basal tergal rings; sternites yellow,,
the subterminal segments more extensively darkened,
including the broad basal portion of the ninth tergite,
the eighth sternite and most of the basistyles ; remainderof hypopygium yellow. Male hypopygium (fig. 2) withthe tergite, 9t, narrowed outwardly, the lobes truncatedand with both the outer and the inner angles a trifle
produced ; a small, narrow, median notch, with a further
dorsal groove extending the whole length of the sclerite,
broadest on the posterior half. Inner dististyle with setseof outer margin strong, those of proximal half much moredelicate. Basistyle and ninth sternite without developed
lobes. Gonapophyses appearing as broadly flattened pale
plates, the tips obtusely rounded. Eighth sternite, 8s,
with the lobe moderately long, broadest across basethence strongly narrowed, the length approximately twice
the width across base ; surface with abundant long coarse
setse.
Hab. Peru (Ayacucho).
Holotype, ~, Yanamonte, La Mar, in fog forests,.
altitude 3000-4100 metres, September 3, 1941 (Woyt-

kowski ).
The pattern of the wings of the present fly is almost
as in Tipula ((Eumicrotipula) woytkowskiana Alexander, of
Peru, but the structure of the male hypopygium is quitedistinct. This latter species is one of the few membersof the monilfera group having a median tooth on t h etergite of the male hypopygium instead of a notch, as in
the present fly.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) chanca, sp. n
General coloration of mesonotum almost unicolorous
brown, virtually unpatterned except for a blackened
U-shaped mark a t suture and paired brown areas on
posterior portion of mediotergite; posterior portion ofvertex dark brown, sending a median spur cephalad
onto the brownish-yellow anterior vertex; halteres
relatively long, dark brown ; femora obscure yellow, thetips blackened; wings whitish subhyaline, handsomely
patterned with dark brown and paler brownish g r e y ;abdominal tergites yellow, with three interrupted brown
stripes; subterminal segments blackened.

~ew or little-know~ Tipulidae.

245

Female.--Length about 17 ram. ; wing 18 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure brownish yellow,
darker outwardly, including the long conspicuous nasus ;palpi black. Antenna~ with scape and pedicel yellow, thebasal flagellar segments more obscure yellow, the outerones passing into brown; flagellar segments subeylindrical, beyond the second a trifle produced at base andhere provided with long setae ; terminal flagellar segment
elongate, a little exceeding the penultimate. Anteriorvertex rich brownish yellow, the posterior portion darkbrown, sending a median spur forward almost to thelevel of the antennae ; posterior orbits narrowly light gr~y ;no vertical tubercle.
Pronotum uniformly brown. Mesonotal praescutumalmost unicolorous brown, the surface with four stripesthat are scarcely differentiated from the slightly moreyellowish ground ; at the suture a conspicuous U-shaped
blackened mark ; no conspicuous setigerous punctures on
the interspaces, the setae exceedingly delicate; posteriorsclerites of notum similarly brown, the mediotergite conspicuously patterned with dark brown, appearing as amajor oval area on either side of a delicate yellow mid-line ;pleurotergite infuscated, its cephalic portion paling toy e l l o w . Pleura. yellow, the dorsopleural membrane atrifle darker. Halteres relatively long, dark brown, theextreme base of stem yellow. Legs with the cox~e yellow,
trochanters more greenish yellow ; femora obscure yellow,
the tips rather narrowly but conspicuously blackened,
the amount subequal on all legs; tibiee and basitarsi
obscure brownish yellow, the tips more narrowly darkened ;outer tarsal segments passing into black. Wings withthe ground-colour whitish subhyaline, with a very heavy
dark brown and paler brownish-grey pattern; the darkbrown arranged as follows :--A major area over h andthe bases of cells R and M, more extensive in R, interconnected with a second area about mid-distance to origin
of R s ; origin of Rs reaching M behind; stigma and aconfluent seam on anterior cord, the former darker,
without trichia; outer radial field and a backward
prolongation across m ; a major cloud at near midlength of cell M adjoining vein Cu; m-cu and broadadjoining portions of vein Cu, including all of the distal
section ; a smaller area near base of cell Cu ; the paler
Ann. & M a t . N. H':st. Ser. 11. Vol. xii.
18

246

Dr. C. P. Alexander onbrown washes include the outer medial, cubita~ and anal
fields, in cell 1st A enclosing a large whitish droplet ; thewhite pattern includes a broad post-stigmal band fromcosta to vein MI+ 2, there narrowly separated from thechiefly white cell 1st M 2 ; outer end of cell R 5 and subbasal
portions of cells M 1 to M 4 whitened ; before the cord an
irregular white pattern fills most of the area in cells R1,
R, M, the interspaces of Cu, and the broad axillary fieldof the anal cells; cell C brownish yellow, whitened at
distal e n d ; cell Sc light yellow, with the four brownareas above described; veins brown, paler brown in t h ebrightened costal interspaces. Venation : RI+ 2 entire but
pale and with trichia only on basal portion; m longer
than petiole of cell M1; vein 2nd A a little sinuous onits distal quarter.
Abdominal tergites yellow, with an interrupted darkbrown sublateral stripe, pale at base and apex of eachsegment; on the third and succeeding tergites with asimilar median brown v i t t a ; sternites light yellow, thecaudal margins of outer segments narrowly more darkened;
subterminal tergites and sternites, including the genital
shield, conspicuously blackened. OvipOsitor with thecerei long and slender, nearly straight, horn-yellow.
Hab. Peru (Ayacucho).
Holotype, ~, ¥anamonte, La Mar, in fog forests, a.ltitude
3000-4100 metres, September 29, 1941 (Woytkowski).
The specific name, chanca, is that of an aboriginal tribe
inhabiting Ayacucho. From the structure of the female
antennae, I am inclined to believe that this fly will befound to belong to the monififera group, where, also, thenature of the wing-pattern agrees well. The species isdistinguished by the almost unpatterned mesonotum andthe peculiar coloration o]~the dorsum of the head. Superficially it resembles species such as Tipula (Eumicrotipula)callisto Alexander, from the same general region, butthere is no close relationship.

Teucholabis (Paratropesa) prxnobilis, sp. n.
General coloration of body poIished black, the anterior
portion of pronotum yellow; all legs having a different
colour-pattern, as in h eteropoda; wings whitish, heavily
patterned with brown, appearing as three complete ornearly entire cross-bands ; Rs strongly arcuated : abdomennew or little-known Tipulidae.

247

black, narrowly ringed with yellow; male hypopygiumwith the apical spine of the outer dististyle short ; innerdististyle bilobed, simple in structure.
Male.--Length about 6.5 ram. ; wing 5.6 mm.
Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brownish black.
Antennae with scape yellow, pedicel brownish yellow,
flagellum black; flagellar segments oval. Head withfront and anterior portion of vertex yellow, the major
portion of vertex black, the extreme posterior border o fhead obscure yellow.
Pronotum yellow in front, black behind. Mesothorax
uniformly polished black, the scutal lobes with violaceousreflexions ; pleura weakly pruinose on mesepimeron andmetapleura ; dorsopleural membrane pale. Halteres withbase of stem narrowly yellow, the remainder blackened,knob pale yellow. Legs with fore coxae yellow, remaining
coxae black ; fore and middle trochanters obscure yellow,
posterior pair black ; fore legs black, the basal fourth offemora yellow; middle femora yellow, with about the
distal fifth blackened ; tibiae and proximal two segments oftarsi obscure brownish yellow, outer tarsal segments
blackened ; hind femora narrowly yellow at base, followedin turn b y a broad black ring, a subequal subterminal
yellow annulus and a slightly narrower black, almost
terminal band, the yellow annulus involving nearly onethird the total length of the segment; tibiae brown:basitarsi obscure yellow, the outer tarsal segments passing
into black; posterior basitarsi slightly dilated at base.
Wings whitish, heavily patterned with dark brown,
appearing as three bands ; basal dark area at and beyond
arculus, extending from C to vein 2nd A, widest in theuniformly darkened cells C and Sc, narrowed posteriorly,
the portion in cell 1st A slightly disconnected from themain area; second band at cord, extending from C tovein Cu, narrowed behin~l, slightly interrupted above thefork of M, in cells Cu and 1st A reaching the posteriorborder as a much paler wash ; third band involving thewing tip, extending basad to the general level of fork of
R3+ 4 and outer end of cell 1st Me, becoming paler andless evident in the outer medial cells ; origin of Rs very
narrowly seamed with brown; veins pale brown, somewhat darker in the patterned areas.
Venation: Rs
strongly arcuated ; R~ in alignment with r-m, about one] 8*

248

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

fourth its length beyond the fork of Rs; R3+4 a little
longer than R4; vein R 3 suberect; r-m elongate; cell
1st M 2 long and narrow, widened outwardly, subequal inlength to vein MI+ ~ beyond it; m-cu about one-fourth its
length before the fork of M ; cell 2nd A wide.
Abdomen with basal tergites black, the succeeding ones
more bicolored, black, with narrow, obscure yellow borders;outer segments and hypopygium more uniformly blackened. Male hypopygium much as in heteropoda b u t
differing in all details. Basistyle with a narrowly blackened flange on its face. Outer dististyle broader, theapical spine short. Inner dististyle very simple in structure, merely bilobed instead of the trilobed condition inheteropoda; outer lobe a simple rounded head provided
with a few powerful setse. _/Edeagus with the outerportion obtusely rounded.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, <~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
April 8, 1941 (Paprzycki).
The most similar described species is Teucholabis(Paratroj)esa) heteropda Alexander, likewise from Peru,
but from much higher altitudes in the Andes. Thislatter fly differs conspicuously in the coloration of thelegs and wings, in the venation, and in the details of
structure of the male hypopygium.

Teucholabis (Paratropesa) paracollaris, sp. n.
Belongs to the collaris group, allied to neocollaris ; size
large (wing, male, over 7 m m . ) ; all femora differently
patterned ; wings relatively narrow, conspicuously marked
with brown, including three more or less complete bands,
the last occupying the wing-apex; abdomen with themore proximal segments bicoloured, purplish black withyellow apices, the outer Segments, including the hypopygium, more uniformly blackened; mate hypopygiumwith the apical spine of the basistyle stout, with its
terminal point directed laterad ; outer dististyle slenderthroughout, with about nine strong setse ; inner dististylewith its outer lobe unusually slender, with about six
strong setse that are restricted to the distal third ; outercephalic angle of inner blade strongly produced into a spine.
Male.--Length about 8 mm. ; wing 7.2 mm.
Rostrum testaceous yellow; palpi brown. Front andanterior vertex testaceous yellow; palpi brown. Frontnew or littIe-t'nown Tipulidee.

249

and anterior vertex testaceous yellow, the posterior portionof head uniformly polished black ; anterior vertex broad,approximately six times the diameter of scape.
Pronotal scutum and cervical region light yellow, thescutellum black. Mesonotum uniformly polished black,with greenish reflexions ; pleura almost uniformly black,variegated by restricted silvery pruinose areas above the
mid-coxse and on the metapleura ; dorsopleural membrane
buffy yellow. Halteres with stem blackened, knob
abruptly pale yellow. Legs with the fore and middle
eoxse pale yellow, the posterior coxse and troehanters
purplish black ; relnaining trochanters deep yellow ; fore
legs black, the femoral bases obscure brownish yellow,
including about the proximal fourth; middle femora
obscure yellow, the remainder of this leg broken; posterior femora bicoloured, black at either end, the central
portion yellow, involving about two-fifths the total lengthof segment; remainder of posterior legs black; fore
femora conspicuously clavate, more so than the posterior
pair, with unusually long and abundant black set~e.
Wings relatively narrow, whitish subhyaline, conspicuously
patterned with brown, including three more or less complete bands; basal band incomplete, covering h andarculus, thence expanding into the subbasal portions ofcells C u and 1st A ; second band complete, beginning at
the darker triangular stigma, crossing the wing to the endof vein 1st A , lying almost entirely basad of cord, widest
at mid-length; third band including the entire broad
apex, extending basad almost to outer end of cell 1st M e ,the inner ends of cells R 5 to M~ restrictedh Tbrightened;veins brown, paler near extreme wing base. Venation:
Sc 1 ending just beyond origin of R s : R e immediately
before level of basal section of R 5 : vein R~ suberect ;vein R 5 extensively fused with M1+2, as in the collaris
group; m - c u shortly before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites purplish black, the more proximal
segments ringed with yellow on posterior borders, theouter segments, including hypopygium, uniformly blackened; the more proximal sternites with the incisureseven more extensively yellow. Sternal pocket on segment
five very conspicuously developed, with blackened lobes
in addition to the usual setse. Male hypopygium withgeneral structure of neocollaris but with important

250

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

differences. Spine at apex of basistyle very stout at base,the small acute apex directed laterad into a spine; in
neocollaris the spine slender throughout, erect. Outerdististyle long and slender, simple, the tip an elongate
spine ; surface of style with about nine strong setm, themost proximad almost at base of style; in neocollaris
the style much more dilated on basal half, the major
set~e fewer, about six in number. Inner dististyle withthe outer lobe even more slender, pale, with about six
strong setse that are restricted to the outer third or nearlyso ; inner blade with its cephalic angle with about eight
set~e that occupy the outer two-thirds ; inner blade withthe cephalic angle less produced.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
J a n u a r y 1943 (Paprzycki).
The nearest described ally of the present flyis Teucholabis(Paratropesa) neocollaris Alexander, which differs in thesmaller size and, especially, in the structure of the malehypopygium, as compared above.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) mythica, sp. n.
Belongs to the manca group; general coloration ofmesonotum dark brown; thoracic pleura striped longitudinally with brown and yellow; Sc 1 ending opposite
origin of Rs, the latter long, approximately six-sevenths
as long as its anterior branch ; male bypopygium with thepaired elements symmerical; outer lobe of basistylesmall ; dististyle bilobed, the outer arm bispinous ; innerarm with its outer surface densely set with microscopic
spiculse ; phallosome consisting of outer blackened rodsthat are incurved to the mid-line.
Ma!e.--Length about 3 mm. ; wing 3 ram.
H e a d broken.
Pronotum and pretergites chiefly pale yellow. Mesonotum chiefly dark brown, the region of the scutellum
destroyed. Pleura striped longitudinally with brown andyellow. Halteres broken. Legs beyond the trochanters
uniformly dark brown. Wings with a weak brownish
tinge, the prearcular and costal fields clear light yellow ;stigma scarcely indicated as a pale brown cloud; veinsbrown, more brownish yellow in the luteous fields. Venation: Sc I ending opposite the origin of Rs, S% a shortnew or little-known Tipulid~e.

25]

distance from its tip ; R s relatively long, approximately
six-sevenths as long as its anterior branch ; cell 1st M 2 alittle shorter than vein M 4 beyond it ; m - c u close to thefork of M ; cell 2nd A wide.
Abdomen dark brown, patterned with yellow; hypopygium chiefly yellow, the basistyles weakly infuscatedon their proximal halves. Male hypopygium (fig. 3) withthe outer lateral lobe of basistyle, b, unusually small,subequal in size to the mesal lobule of the dististyle,provided with long setze. Dististyle, d, alike on the twosides, of distinctive conformation, the outer lobe sinuous,
blackened, narrowed to a slender spinous point, before
apex with an even longer and more slender recurved spine ;mesal lobe with a single fasciculate or enlarged seta;
outer surface of lobule .with rows of microscopic spicules,
forming a dense covering over the entire surface. Phallosome, p, symmetrical, consisting of two outer blackened
rods that are incurved and decussate at mid-line; acentral pair of flattened blades that jut caudad beyond
the other elements of the phallosome.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype,-~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
March 21, 1941 (Paprzycki).
In its symmetrical hypopygium, the present fly suggests
species such as Gonomyia (Lipophleps) extensa Alexander
and numerous others. The shape and structure o$ thedististyle is distinctive of the present fly. Other speciesof the group having a bispinous dististyle, such as G. (L.)
ramus Alexander and G. (L.) vindex Alexander, have thephallosome asymmetrical and with all other structures of
the hypopygium quite distinct.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) philomela, sp. n.

Belongs to the manca group; general coloration ofthorax pale brown, the pleura more testaceous brown,
unpatterned ; legs brown ; wings with Sc 1 ending shortly
before origin of Rs, cell 1st M 2 shorter than vein M 4
beyond it ; male hypopygium with the dististyles of thetwo sides asymmetrical, one with a large erect inner spine,
the other with this spine reduced to a small cone;
phallosome asymmetrical, terminating in three points, allof which are acute at tips.

252

Dr. C. P. Alexander ot~

Male.--Length about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 ram.
Rostrum obscure yellow : palpi black. Antennae black ;flagellar segments elongate, with the usual very long
verticils of the male sex in this subgenus. Head brown.
somewhat brighter on the anterior vertex.
Pronotum pale brown; pretergites restrictedly paleyellow. Mesonotum almost uniformly pale brown, theposterior border of scutellum broadly paler. Pleura paletestaceous brown, unstriped. Halteres infuscated. Legs
with coxm and troehanters obscure yellow, the fore coxae
a little darker; remainder of legs uniformly brown.
Wings with a brownish tinge, the prearcular and costal
portions light yellow ; stigma large but barely indicated :veins brown. Venation: Sc I ending shortly before originof Rs, the latter about three-fifths as long as its anterior
branch ; cell 1st M 2 narrow, shorter than vein M 4 beyond
it ; m-cu close to the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites paler ; hypopygium
brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (fig. 6) with the dististyles and phallosome asymmetrical. Outer lobe of basistyle, b, elongate, extending caudad about to the outerlevel of the dististyles. Armature of the dististyles of
the two sides quite distinct, one, d, having the apex of
the'terminal spine directed basad and with the inner spine
very long and powerful, much exceeding in length theouter spine; the opposite style, d, has the outer spine acurved hook that is directed outwardly, the inner spine
reduced to a small blackened elongate-conical structure,both dististyles terminating in a small obtuse knob witha single very powerful fasciculate seta near the margin.
just back from the apex on the lower edge. Phallosome.
p, terminating in three points, of which two are blackened.
both ending in acute spines ; third arm directed eaudad.
paler, terminating in a long pale acute point.
Hab.. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
December 10, 1914 (Paprzyclci).
This is the first regional member of the subgenus to bediscovered in which the dististyles are unlike on the twosides of the body. Various other species showing thiscondition are found elsewhere in Tropical America, ineluding Gonomyia (LipophleI)s) carrerai Alexander. of southeastern Brazil. and G. (L.) mtlcs waiT~i Alexander, of north-new or little-known Tipulid~e.

253

ern Panama and southern Costa Rica, but all of these arequite different from the present fly.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) dotata, sp. n.

Belongs to the manca group; general coloration ofmesonotum dark b~ownish grey; thoracic pleura striped
longitudinally with brown and silvery white; antennae(male) relatively long, the flagellar segments with unusuallyabundant long erect set~e ; wings with a brownish tinge,
the prearcular and costal fields light yellow; malehypopygium with the outer lobe of basistyle elongate,
fleshy; dististyle a single, powerful, nearly straight
black spine from a dilated pale base; phallosome consisting of two short blackened spines and two elongate
pale blades, both of the latter obtuse at tips, the longer
ones very broadly so.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 3.8 mm. ; wing 4 ram.
Rostrum testaceous yellow; palpi black. Antennae
black throughout, unusually long for a member of thegroup ; flagellar segments long-cylindrical, with very abundant long erect set~e that are nearly as long as the segments
and are scattered over their entire length; a few still
longer scattered setse that are longer than the segments.
Head obscure yellow in front, more infuscated behind.
Pronotum above and the pretergites whitish yellow,
the sides of the former infuscated. Mesonotal przescutum
and scutal lobes dark brownish grey, the central portionof scutum and posterior borders of the scutal lobes
obscure yellow; scutellum infuscated medially at base,broadly obscure yellow on margin; mediotergite pale
brown, extensively yellow on sides. Pleura pale brown,with a conspicuous silvery-white longitudinal stripe
extending from behind the fore cox~e across the dorsal
sternopleurite, ventral pteropleurite and meral region to
the abdomen; dorsal pleurites more strongly darkened,
the dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres weakly
infuscated, knobs obscure yellow.
Legs with the coxee
and trochanters obscure brownish yellow; remainder oflegs dark brown. Wings with a brownish tinge, theprearcular and costal fields light yellow; stigmal region
very weakly darkened; veins brown, including thosein the brightened fields, only those at base a trifle brighter.
Venation: Sc 1 ending immediately before origin of R8,

254

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Sc 2 some distance from its t i p ; Rs nearly three-fourths
as long as its anterior branch ; cell 1st M e small, M3+4
varying from only a little more than one-half to about
three-fifths M 4 ; m - c u about one-fourth its length before
fork of M.
Abdominal tergites obscure brownish yellow, moredarkened on sides; sternites clearer yellow. Male
hypopygium (fig. 4) with the outer lobe of basistyle, b,
elongate, extended caudad beyond the extreme tip of the
dististyle and only a little shorter than the length of
the basistyle itself.
Dististyle, d, a single powerful,nearly s t r a i g h t black spine from the dilated pale base,the latter bearing a single enlarged seta and a slightly
smaller one, additional to the normal bristles ; on lateralface of style opposite the fasciculate set~e a strong conicalpoint or spine ; inner face at base of spine with a small
area of erect set~e. Phallosome, p, consisting of two
small blackened spines and two much longer, pale blades,
both of the latter obtuse at their tips ; one of the spines
longer and more curved than the other, one of the pale
blades longer and broader than the second, its apex
very obtuse.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
December 20, 1940 (Paprzycki).
Very different from other regional members of the
manca group. The nearest relative appears to be Gonomyia(Lipophleps) petronis Alexander, of south-eastern Brazil,
which has the antennae of the male very much the same
and with somewhat similar basic features of the malehypopygium, but with all details quite different.
Gonomyia (Lipophleps) scelerata, sp. n.

Belongs to the manca group; general coloration of
the mesonotum medium brown; thoracic pleura with awhitish longitudinal stripe ; wings with a weak brownish
tinge; Sc 1 ending a short distance before origin of R s ;male hypopygium with the dististyle fleshy, apical in
position, the entire outer surface with abundant erect
setuI~e additional to the two fasciculate setm and sparse
normal bristles; phallosome large, terminating in two
acute blackened points, one a slender curved sickle anda short pale blade.

new or little-known Tipulidse.

255

M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 3 mm. ; wing 3.2 mm.
l~ostrum and palpi black. Antennm with the scapeand pedicel brown, flagellum passing into black ; subbasal
flagellar segments with unusually tong verticils. Headyellow on anterior vertex, grey behind ; eyes large.
Pronotum above and the pretergites whitish. Mesonotum medium brown, pleurotergite paler. Pleura of
the unique type crushed, evidently pale with a moderately conspicuous yellowish white longitudinal stripe.
I-Ialteres with stem pale, knob weakly infuscated. Legs
with the cox~e and trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs
broken. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, theprearcular and costal fields pale yellow; stigma faintly
darker, its margins very poorly delimited ; veins brown,
paler in the more brightened fields. Venation: Sc 1
ending a distance before origin of R s equal to more than
one-third the length of the latter; anterior branch of
Rs strongly upcurved, on its outer portion nearlyparallel to R1; cell 1st M 2 pointed at its inner end;m - c u at fork of M.
Abdominal tergites brown, sternites more yellowish;
hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium (fig. 5)
with the basistyle, b, long and slender, the single dististyle,d, apical in position, fleshy; vestiture of dististyle,additional to the two enlarged or fasciculate setm, including
about six or seven weaker bristles from conspicuous punctures ; entire outer surface of style with abundant erectsetulm from very inconspicuous punctures. Phallosome,p, a large, compact, central mass that terminates in two
acute points and a short flattened pale blade; longest
element a strong curved glabrous sickle, its long acutetip blackened; second spine much shorter, the outermargin with abundant delicate setul~e; pale blade
obtuse at tip.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
March 1, 1941 (Paprzycki).
Although superficially resembling species allied toGonomyia (Lipophleps) inermis Alexander, the present
fly is quite distinct in all details of structure of the malehypopygium. The presence of abundant delidate setul~eon the outer face of the dististyle is a noteworthy
feature.

256

Dr. C. P. Alexauder o~t

Neognopho~yia sp~_trsiseta,sp. 11.
General coloration of mesonotum reddish yellow.
clearer yellow behind : a broad black dorsal longitudinal
stripe on thoracic pleura ; antennal flagellum dark brown :legs yellow, the tips of the tibiae and basitarsi darkened.
the fore basitarsi uniformly so ; wings subhyaline, with anarrow brown band extending from the stigma over theanterior cord; cell R 2 at margin very narrow; malehypopygium with the tergal spines pale, gently twisted,
the narrow spinous tips about one-half as long as themore expanded basal blades; both dististyles unusuallysimple in conformation, the outer one with three set~e ofwhich one is apical in position; inner style slender,
narrowed gradually to a blackened subacute point, theouter surface with unusually few setm.
Male.--Length about 5.5 ram. ; wing 5.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi yellow, the outer two segments of
the latter slightly infuscated. Antennae with the scapeyellow, pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum dark brown;
verticils long and conspicuous, especially on the basal
and intermediate flagellar segments. Head yellow.
Pronotum yellow abo~re, more infuscated on sides.
Mesonotal pra~scutum chiefly reddish yellow, the posteriorsclerites of notum clearer yellow; most of the notumwith a microscopic appressed white pruinosity. Pleurawith the dorsal portion occupied by a broad black
longitudinal stripe extending from the propleura to thebase of abdomen, including much of the pleurotergite,
very narrowly interrupted at the sutures between thevarious segments ; ventral pleurites more reddish yellow,
the meron pale yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob
infuscated. Legs with coxm and trochanters pale yellow :femora uniformly yellow; tibize and basitarsi yellow, thetips narrowly but conspicuously dark brown ; remainderof tarsi brownish black ; fore legs with the tarsi uniformly
blackened. Wings subhyaline, the extreme base moreyellowed: a narrow brown band extending from thestigma across the anterior cord; on the posterior cordand outer end of cell 1st M e nmch narrower and lessconspicuous ; veins brown, darker in the patterned areas,in the prearcular field more yellowed. Venation : Re+se t
subequal to Rs+ ~ ; vein R 3 short, cell R 2 at margin very
narrow, cell R:3 correspondingly wider; ~t c~¢ about its
own length beyond the for!,: M.

new or little-known Tipulidm.

257

Basal abdominal tergites yellow medially, darker
laterally, the intermediate segments more uniformly
darkened, the outer ones again bicoloured, pale basally~
with a darkened subterminal b a n d ; eighth segment
reduced in size, pale ; sternites chiefly yellow ; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the tergal
spines pale, appearing as moderately long, gently twisted
blades, the tips gradually narrowed into acute points
that are only about one-half as long as the expanded
portions. Both dististyles unusually simple in conformation, provided with very few set~e. Outer dististylewith three such set,e, one apical in position ; inner styleunusually slender, narrowed gradually to a blackened
subacute point, the outer surface with only three major
setae and a few additional paler ones. Phallosome narrow,obtusely rounded at the blackened tip.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
J u l y 17, 1940 (Paprzycki).
The most similar described SPecies is Neognophomyia
hostica Alexander, which differs particularly in the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the shape andvestiture of the two dististyles.

Neognophomyia citripes, sp. n.
General coloration orange or fulvous, the mesothorax
polished, variegated only by a large oval black spot on
the pleurotergite; knobs of halteres brownish black;legs deep orange, the tarsi and tips of tibise blackened ;wings relatively narrow, about three-and-one-half times
as long as wide, tinged with brown and with a narrow,darker brown cross-band at the cord ; Rs short, subequal
to R ; R2+~+4 very short, R 2 in alignment with r - m ;abdomen orange, the tergites with narrow black rings atbase of segment two and at the incisure between segments
four and five.
Female.--Length about 6.5 mm. ; wing 5.7 × 1.6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with scape andpedicel obscure yellow, flagellum black ; flagellar segments
elongate-oval to subcylindrical, with very long, conspicuous verticils. Front and anterior vertex brownish
yellow, the posterior vertex darker brown; anteriorvertex narrow, less than the diameter of scape, the eyescorrespondingly large.

258

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum and pleura deep fulvous yellow, the surface polished, the humeral and lateralborders of pr~escutum narrowly yellow; pleurotergite
concolorous, with a large oval black spot occupying
much of the sclerite ; remainder of thorax quite unmarked.
Halteres with stem yellow, knob brownish black. Legs
with the coxm and trochanters fulvous; femora andtibiae deep orange, the tips of the latter brownish black,the tarsi passing into black. Wings relatively narrow, asshown by the measurements;
ground-colour rather
strongly infuscated; prearcular field very restricted inarea, more or less darkened ; costal border a little moreyellowed; a narrow brown band at cord; outer end ofcell 1st M 2 less evidently darkened; veins brown, still
darker along cord, more yellowed in the prearcular andcostal fields. Venation: Rs unusually short, subequalin length to that portion of vein R beyond the arculus ;R2+3+4 very short, only about one-half the basal sectionof R s : R 2 in direct alignment with r - m : R3+4 a little
shorter than R3, Ra ending close to wing-tip ; cell 1st M 2
widened outwardly, basal section of M 3 angulated beyond
mid-length; m - c u approximately two-thirds its length
beyond fork of M ; vein 2nd A moderately long, the distal
half straight, the end of the cell pointed.
Abdomen obscure orange, yellow pollinose, the tergites
with an unusually restricted pattern of black, including anarrow transverse band at extreme base of second tergite
and a broader band involving the posterior border oftergite four and base of tergite five: ccrci compressedflattened, yellow.
Hab. Peru (Loreto).
Holotype. 9, Iquitos. March-April 192l (Shannon).
Neognophomyia citripes is most. similar to N . bisecta(Alexander), likewise from the Amazonian region, differing
most evidently in the coloration of the body, legs andwings, and in the narrow wings with distinctive venation,
especially the short Rs and position of R e.
Erioptera (Erioptera) susurra, sp. n.

Size very small (wing, male, 2.5 mm.); generalcoloration of thorax yellow, the dorsum slightly infuscated medially, the pleura weakly pruinose;legsslightly darkened; wings greyish yellow, unpatterned:

new or little-known Tipulidse.

259

male hypopygium with the outer dististyle profoundly
branched beyond base, the outer arm a strong curved
rod that bears a slender erect spine on its lower margin
beyond base ; gonapophyses appearing as long, decussate
rods, the tips produced into long-extended spines, with
abundant spinulose points on lower face back from tip.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 2.2 mm. ; wing 2-5 ram.
Head broken.
Thorax above chiefly obscure yellow, the mid-dorsal
portion weakly infuscated. Pleura obscure yellow, witha weak grey pruinosity. Halteres with stem pale, theknob a trifle infuscated. Legs with the cox~e pale yellow,
the fore pair a trifle darker; trochanters obscure yellow ;remainder of legs weakly darkened, the colour produced
chiefly by abundant dark-coloured set0e. Wings greyish
yellow, without pattern; veins brownish yellow: macrotrichia dark brown. Venation : Sc 1 ending shortly before
level of fork of Rs, See about opposite one-fifths thelength of the latter: r - m and m - c u almost in transverse alignment, the latter about one-third its length
beyond the fork of M ; tip of vein Cu 1 deflected slightly
cephalad; vein 2nd A gently sinuous, ending about
opposite one-fourths the length of Rs.
Abdominal tergite pale brown, sternites yellow ; hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with thecomplex outer distyle profoundly branched shortly
beyond base, one branch appearing as a straight duskyro(l that narrows to the obtuse tip; second arm amuch stronger and more powerful curved rod thatnarrows gradually to the pointed blackened tip; ohlower face of this arm, shortly beyond base, with aslender erect spine : distal third of arm, including all of
the blackened portion, with microscopic roughened points.
Inner dististyle a shorter pale flattened blade, weakly
sinuous and very gently curved, its tip with microscopic
punctures. Gonapophyses appearing as long powerfulrods that near their tips are decussate across the mid-line,
each longer than either of the dististyles, narrowed to
the long-extended acute tips; distal third of lower facewith abundant appressed spinulose points.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, c~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
J a n u a r y 6, 1941 (Paprzycki).

260

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

The most similar described species is (Erioptera)
micromyia Alexander, which differs in the entirely different
male hypopygium.

Erioptera (Mesocyphona) histrio, sp. n.
(~eneral coloration pale yellow; thoracic pleura with
two narrow brown longitudinal stripes, each only about
one-third as wide as the yellow enclosed area; apex ofknob of halteres infuscated; fore and middle cox0e
infuscated, posterior pair yellow; remainder of legs
yellow, the femora with a pale brown subterminal ring;wings whitish yellow, patterned with darker brown spots
and pale brown washes in many of the cells, to produce
a conspicuously variegated appearance ; S% ending about
opposite mid-length of Rs; abdomen yellow, with a narrowbrown lateral stripe.
Female.--Length about 3-3.2 mm. ; wing 3-2-3.5 mm.
Rostrum brownish yellow ; palpi black. Antennae
medium brown; flagellax segments oval, the verticils
long and conspicuous. Head obscure yellow, darker on
the more ventral portions.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum yellow, the prsescutumwith an intermediate pair of pale brown stripes, moreclearly indicated near the suture.
Pleura pale yellow,
with two narrow, longitudinal, pale brown stripes, themore dorsal including the fore coxm, ending beneath thewing-root ; ventral stripe including the mid-eox~e, reaching
the base of abdomen ; dark stripes only about one-third
as wide as the enclosed yellow area.
HMteres with stem
yellow, apex of knob infuscated. Legs with the fore andmiddle coxm darkened, as above deseribed, posterior
eoxm uniformly pale yellow; femora brownish yellow,
clearer yellow basally and as narrow apical and subapicalrings, the two latter enclosing a slightly broader pale
brown annulus; remainder of legs pale yellow; femorawith long darkened set~e. Wings whitish yellow, eonspicuously patterned with brown ; spots and paler brownwashes in most of the cells ; the darker areas include theorigin of Rs, S%, cord, fork of M1+2, and a marginal
series, lacking at tips of veins R4, MI+ 2 and 1st A, more
extensively seamed back from margin on veins Rs, C%
and 2nd A ; the dark area at tip of vein R a crosses cells
R a and R 4, becoming confluent with the seam on R 5 andnew or little-known Tipulidse.

261

thus forming a short cross-band ; the pale brown washes
include much of the outer medial field and all cells ofbasal third of wing; veins yellow, darker in the moreheavily infuscated fields; macrotrichia long and conspicuous. Venation: Sc 2 about opposite mid-length of
Rs ; R2+a+4 only a little longer than the basal section of
R~ ; tips of outer medial veins bent slightly caudad, ofCu 1 very slightly cephalad; m-cu nearly transverse,
approximately one-half its length before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, the sternites clearer
yellow; a narrow dark brown lateral stripe.
Hab. Peru, southern Ecuador.
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, Junin, Peru, altitude
800-900 metres, December 4, 1940 (Paprzyclci). Paratype,9, Zumbi, Rio Zamora, Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador,
altitude 700 metres, October 30, 1941 (David Laddey).
The present fly is very distinct from all other regionM
members of the subgenus, differing particularly in thecoloration of the body and wings. There is no species
with which the fly m a y profitably be compared.
Styringomyia mystica, sp. n.

General coloration pale yellow, the mesonotum more
reddish yellow, sparsely pruinose; wings pale yellow,
with a small brown cloud over r-m and adjoining veins ;male hypopygium with the apical lobe of basistyle
narrowed outwardly, terminating in two powerful flattened
black set,e, with a third strongly sinouus bristle morebasad ; dististyle complex in structure.
Male.--Length abou_t 7.5-8 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
Female.--Length about 6 mm. ; wing 4-5 mm.
Rostrum brownish yellow ; proximal segments of palpi
obscure yellow, the outer segments more infuscated,with narrow pale bases. Antennm with scape yellow
above, more infuscated beneath; pedicel infuscated;flagellum chiefly pale yellow, appearing weakly bicoloured
because of the ring of basal verticils. Head pale yellow,
the centre of vertex weakly d a r k e n e d ; vertical set~e
black, conspicuous, but not modified.
Pronotum. pale medially, sparsely pruinose. Mesonoturn chiefly pale reddish yellow, slightly pruinose, with amore or less distinct more testaceous median stripe overAnn. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 11. Vol. xii.
19

262

Dr. C. P. Alexander onmuch of the n o t u m ; setm black, erect, unmodified.
Pleura pale testaceous yellow throughout. Halteresyellow. Legs with the coxee and trochanters pale yellow ;remainder o~ legs yellow, the fore femora with a narrow
subterminal pale brown ring and vague indications of one
or two other annuli more proximad in position ; middle
femora likewise with a narrow subterminal ring, posterior
femora uniformly yellow; remainder of legs chiefly
yellow, the terminal tarsal segments blackened. Wings
pale yellow, with a small brown cloud over r - m ; veins
yellow, r-m and adjacent veins in the darkened area
infuscated. Venation: Cell 2nd M 2 sessile to shortpetiolate ; vein 2nd A simple.
Abdomen with tergites obscure yellow, their caudal
borders narrowly ringed with brown, the basal annuli ofthe outer segments with a paler brown central triangle,
wider posteriorly; sternites and hypopygium clearer
yellow. Male hypopygium (fig. 7) with the lobe ofbasistyle, b, narrowed outwardly, terminating in two
powerful flattened black set~e ; mesal edge of lobe with afurther smaller, very strongly sinuous bristle. Dististyle,d, of unusual conformation, approximately as illustrated ;at base on outer margin bearing a blackened clavate lobe
provided with a single powerful spinous bristle ; remainderof style narrowed basally, thence expanded into a relatively narrow spatulate blade that terminates in two
blackened points, the more basal a slender straight rod ;outer margin of blade before apex with a small lobe thatterminates in a very strong, powerful seta ; remainder of
blade with scattered set~e, the two on the inner margin
stronger than the group of about a dozen on lateral
portion of style. Ovipositor with apex of cercus slightly
longer and more attenuated than in dorsoIineata, its tip
truncate.
Hab. Peru (Junin).
Holotype, ~, Satipo, Jauja, altitude 800-900 metres,
February 5, 1940 (Paprzyclci). Allotopotype, ~, pinned
with type.
Paratopotypes, 4 ~ , J u l y 17-29, 1940

(Paprzycki).
Styringomyia mystica is quite distinct from all other
Neotropical members of the genus so far discovered. As
is usual in this genus, the chief specific characters lie innew or little-knoum Tipulid~e.

26~

the structure of the male hypopygium, particularly of
the basistyle and dis$istyle.

Styringomyia simplex, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, patterned with brown;mesonotum extensively infuscated, its central portion
obscure yellow ; legs yellow, the fore and middle femorawith a narrow brown subterminal ring, the posterior legs
uniformly yellow ; wings relatively long and narrow, themedial fields and adjoining veins infuscated, especiallythe veins ; basal third of wing with costal fringe of malelong and conspicuous ; abdominal tergites with the posterior borders broadly infuscated, more extensively so on
the outer segments; male hypopygium with basistyle
narrowed at apex, bearing three or four strong blackset~e ; dististyle simple, more or less resembling the headand beak of a bird.
Male.--Length about 7-8 mm. ; wing 4-5-5 mm.
Female.--Length about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with the more
proximal segments weakly infuscated, the outer ones
passing into clearer yellow; flagellar segments oval, theouter ones more elongated. Head above light brown,
more brownish yellow on sides ; set~e of head black, long
but not modified.
Pronotum dark brown, the median portion very
restrictedly paler. Mesonotum chiefly dark brown, thecentral portion, including the posterior half of pr~escutum,
central area of scutum, including part of the lobes andthe median region of scutellum, obscure yellow, the remainder of scutal lobes and most of the scutcllum brownish
black; postnotum infuscated; set~e of thoracic notum
erect, black, long 'and conspicuous but not modified.
Pleura and pleurotergite uniformly yellow. Halteresyellow. Legs with the coxm and trochanters yellow;
femora yellow, the fore and middle pairs with a narrowbrown subterminal ring, posterior femora uniformly
yellow; tibiae yellow, slightly more darkened at tips;
posterior tibim more uniformly yellow ; tarsi yellow, theterminal segment of anterior legs weakly darkened.
Wings relatively long and narrow, yellow, the prearcularfield clearer yellow; a brown seam over r-m ; medial
19"

264

On new or little-known Tipulidm.

veins beyond cord, R 3 and m-cu all vaguely bordered b ybrown, best indicated b y a darkening of the otherwise
yellow veins; Cu and bases of anal veins less evidently
darkened. Costal fringe on basal third of wing long andconspicuous, much shorter on the outer portion. Venation :Vein R 3 oblique; r-m subequal to R2+~+4 ; cell 1st M~
long and narrow, widened outwardly; cell 2nd M~
barely sessile; m-cu about one-and-one-half times its
own length beyond the fork of M ; vein 2nd A simple.
Abdominal tergites bicoloured, the bases of the segments
obscure yellow, the apices broadly infuscated, more
extensively so on the outer segments; sternites yellow,
weakly patterned with pale brown ; hypopygium brownish
yellow. Male hypopygium (fig. 9) quite different in construction from that of americana. Basistyle, b, narrowed
distally into a short, relatively slender lobe that bears
three or four long black powerful set~e, additional to thenormal ones. Dististyle, d, simple, a generally long oval
blade that narrows to a blackened spinous apical point;
on face of style ~ear apex with a small black spine, better
indicated in the paratypes ; before apex, style with aboutnine or ten long setm on one face, together with about two
smaller set,e, with a third more basal one of great length,
on the opposite face ; outer margi~ of style with a few
scattered additional setm, the entire style more or lessresembling the head and beak of a bird.
Hab. British Guiana, Peru.,
Holotype, ~, Bartica, British Guiana, J a n u a r y 28, 1913
(Par ish) ; confused in collections with americana. Allotype,~, Satipo, Jauja, Junin, Peru, altitude 800-900 metres,
November 10, 1940 (Paprzycki). Paratypes, 2 c~, 1 ~_,with the allotype, November 10, 1940-April 5, 1941
(Paprzycki).
Styringomyia simplex is entirely distinct from S.
americana Alexander, w i t h which it had been confusedin collections. The latter species has a very extensive
range in Central and northern South America, as now
known including British Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia,
Venezuela, British Guiana, Surinam and north-western
Ecuador. I am illustrating the male hypopyginm (fig. 8),
not previously figured.