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No.

ENGLISH(Please print your full name,underlining your family name)

Marks

Name

I
1

Alice had to (A clear out

2

B figure out

C make up withD

suffer from

We should emphasize that our skin cream contains only natural (A aspects3) how to solve her financial problems.

B flavors

C genetics

D).

ingredients

As my son and I journeyed down the path to our car, I was () aware of

the dangers of the icy path.
A earnestly
4

B inadvertently

C keenlyD

If you have a smartphone, you can check in well (slowly), long before youreach the airport.
A at first5

B for now

With the (Cin advanceD

on time) of genetic engineering, the time required for the evolutionof new species may literally collapse.
A advent
6

B departureDprime time

It is important to know whether there is a cancellation charge in order to() heavy penalties.

A accept
7

C heydayB avoid

C requestD

risk

The boy was caught stealing food from the store, but seeing his (storeowner decided not to call the police.
A arrogance

B impudenceC
E 1

moralityDremorse) the8You should protect your wireless network with an encryption or password to() unauthorized access.

A deter9

B disputeCnegotiateDrevealUsing this video conference system, our students can get answers from experts
who, because of time and distance, would otherwise be (A impossible

B inaccessible

C inappropriate).
D

incapable

10 In this brainstorming session you are encouraged to share your ideas with other1

participants; the chairperson is the leader and () of the session.

A contenderD terminator

Ten days (B dictator

C facilitator) the disaster, the local government released a preliminary

report on the situation.
A after2

B forward

C later

The foliage emerges purple in the spring but (Don) green as the season

progresses.
A adjusts
3

(

(

B May

D

turns

C ShouldDWill) you are leaving so early? It s only six o clock. Have dinner with us!

A How about
5

C takes) you be unable to attend the meeting, please let us know by tomorrow.

A Could
4

B signals

The professor (B How come

C Why

D

Why not) as a founder of modern chemistry in this country, andher research and theories changed the way we think about ourselves.
A has refers

B is referred

C is referred to

6 All sea salts are produced in shallow beds (D refers to) salt is deposited by theebbing tide and most of the remaining moisture is evaporated by sun and wind.
A that

B whereC which
E 2

D whose7

8

9

I think () you to let him stay on here.

A it s so generous for

B it s so generous of

C there s so generous forD

I expect you (there s so generous of) this assignment by next week.

A remembering finishing

B remembering to finish

C to remember finishingD

to remember to finish

Excuse me, I have a traveler s check. Is it possible to (A caused it cashed

B got it cashing

C have it cashedD) here?

made it cashing

10 Switzerland has lots of mountains, but they are now less densely equipped withskiers dormitories than ().

A France and Austria

B of France and Austria

C that of France and Austria

D

those of France and AustriaIII

1 A touch of red in the cheeks can give you an appealing healthy glow. A But a facesthat s too rosy is perceived by many as unhealthy

B a common belief being it s asign your blood pressure s up. C Is this really the case? D Cardiologist Professor
Garry Jennings says there are dozens of causes of red faces, but high bloodpressure s not really on the list.
2 Schools participating in a surf therapy program say taking to the waves is
producing significant improvements in students anxiety levels. A The program is
aimed at students who struggle to engagement in schooling. B School Principal
Melanie Clarke said she had seen a marked change in the students mental
well-being. C We ve noticed a greater focus in the classroom, D and we ve noticed
resilience in situations which previously would have affected students, she said.

E 3

3

A A researcher has been awarded one of science s highest honors for his work on

needle-free vaccines. B Professor Mark Kendall recently win the award for his
nanopatch technology. C The nanopatch will revolutionize immunization,delivering vaccines through the upper layers of the skin. D Professor Kendall said
the nanopatch was pain free and could relegate the 160-year-old needle andsyringe to history.
4

A If you stop to tie your shoe on a corner in Camden, New Jersey, B there s a chance

the city s police force can see exactly what you are doing. C With surveillancecameras everywhere, the police are relying on technology to fight crime more thanever before. D And one tool in particular is exploding in popularity: robot.
5AA

supermoon occurs when the moon becomes full on the same night as its perigee,

B which is the point in the moon s orbit when it is closest to Earth. C The term isborrow from the pseudoscience of astrology but has been adopted by popular culture
and astronomers. D Supermoons generally appear to be 14% bigger and 30%
brighter than other full moons.
6

A It is not uncommon to come home after a long day at work or school and relax

while reading an e-book or watching television. B Lately, however, scientists havebeen cautioning against using light-emitting devices before bed. Why? C The lightfrom our devices has a higher concentration of blue light to natural light

D andblue light affects levels of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin more than any
other color in the spectrum.
7

A The market for wrist-worn fitness devices, known as

wearables, is cooling. With

recent reports of profits dipping and sales numbers not being great, B a narrative
has emerged over the last few weeks that wearables will soon be died. C There ssome truth to that, though in reality, D it just means that the industry is changing tomeet new consumer demands.
8

A If you are experiencing despair or grief, get out of the house. B Go for the walk. C

Surround yourself with the people you love. D Pause, if you can, to take stock of thegood things in your life. Doing so will lessen some of the overwhelmingness that you
are feeling.

E 4

9

A There is only one predictable thing about Paul Mehta s day

B its

unpredictability. C Mehta is a senior research scientist in the front lines ofcybersecurity, D facing a daily battle on a constantly shifting landscape against theworld s best hackers.
10 A It wasn t all that long ago that classical music was fun. B People went to concerts
for a variety of reasons: to be moved emotionally, to be entertained, and as a social
event, to name a few. C Performances were a chance for artists and audiences toconnect on a level unattainable in other media. D But all of that changed in the 20th
century when rules of concert etiquette began incorporating themselves over
performances.

English grammar, beloved by sticklers, is feared by non-native speakers ofEnglish. Many of its idiosyncrasies can turn into traps even for the most (1)

speakers.
But some of the most binding rules in English are things that native speakers
know but don t know they know, ((32) they use them every day. When someone) one out, it s like a magical little shock.

According to a book calledby Mark Forsyth, adjectives absolutely have to be in this order:
opinion-size-age-shape-color-origin-material-purpose noun. So you can have a lovely
little old rectangular green French silver whittling knife. But if you mess with thatorder (

4) you ll sound like a maniac.

Mixing up the above phrase does, as Forsyth writes, feel inexplicably wrong (arectangular silver French old little lovely whittling green knife ), though (5)

can say why. It s almost like secret knowledge we all share.
Learn the language in a non-English-speaking country, however, (6) suchsecrets are taught in meticulous detail.
Many English grammar textbooks that are regularly used to teach English to
non-native speakers usually (7) the adjective order in the same way as

Forsyth s surprising illumination. Non-native speakers learning English work very
E 5

hard over the rule, committing it to memory and thinking through the order whencalled upon to describe something using more than one adjective.
The fact is, a lot of English grammar rules only (8) as a surprise to those

who know them most intimately.
Learning rules doesn t always work, however. Forsyth also takes (9) withthe rules we think we know, but which don t actually hold true. In a lecture about
grammar, he dismantles the commonly held English spelling mantra I before E except
after C. It s used to help people remember how to spell words like piece or receive,
but, Forsyth says, there are only 44 words that (don t. His prime examples? Their,

10) the rule, and 923 thatbeing, and eight.

1A

adequateB

assuringC

confidentD2AbecauseB

even thoughC

however

D only if

3A

mentions

B

points

C

shows

D

tells

4

A

at the mostBby a noseCin the slightest

D

on end5

A

anybodyBeverybodyC

nobodyD

somebody

6

A

and

B

but

C

or

D

whether7

A

arrange forB

fit intoC

go on

D lay out

8A

appear

B

come

C

occur

D spring

9A

disagreement B

issue

C

objectD

opposition

10

A

admit

break

C

controlD

followB

E 6

intellectualIf you think your oral health is perfect because of your choice of having sugar-free
products then you are highly mistaken, warn dental health experts. Sugar-free drinks
and foods are as damaging to teeth as the ones that contain sugar.
Researchers at the Oral Health Cooperative Research Center (Oral Health CRC)
reached this startling revelation after testing as many as 23 different types ofsugar-free drinks, including soft drinks.
These drinks were found to have acidic additives and low pH levels, which areharmful to tooth enamel. The researchers said that we all know sugar is not good forour teeth, but not many know that drinks that are acidic, whether or not they containsugar, can also be bad for our teeth.
The presence of sugar leads to tooth decay by forming plaque on the tooth surface
and converting to acid. The acid in turn attacks teeth by dissolving the tooth enamel souter layer. Therefore, acidic drinks can erode teeth in the same way.
Many people are not aware that while reducing your sugar intake does reduce
your risk of dental decay, the chemical mix of acids in some foods and drinks can cause
the equally damaging condition of dental erosion, affirmed Professor Eric Reynolds.
Firstly, the acid will dissolve the tooth enamel s surface and has the potential toreach the level where it can expose the soft pulp inside the tooth. There are manysugar-free alternatives available on the market but Professor Reynolds and colleagues
have clearly mentioned in their research paper that many sugar-free products remain
harmful to teeth owing to their chemical composition.
The researchers have gone through the studies in the Oral Health CRC in which
dental enamel softening and tooth surface loss was measured after teeth were exposed
to different drinks. Most of the drinks led to the softening of dental enamel.
No significant difference was found between sugary and non-sugary drinks when
it came to which causes more loss of tooth enamel. The Academy of General Dentistry
said that the worst time to drink a high-acid beverage is when one is thirsty becausethat is when the mouth s saliva levels are at their lowest. Saliva helps neutralize acids.
The Oral Health CRC has suggested labels that have detailed information should
be present on sugar-free products so consumers can assess them with regard to their
tooth health.
Regular checkups with a dentist can help detect dental erosion at an early stage.
In light of its studies, the Oral Health CRC is of the view that current product testing
E 7and labeling regulations for foods and drinks are not sufficient to enable consumers tomake informed choices in order to avoid the risk of dental erosion, concluded Professor
Reynolds and colleagues.
1 According to the new research, sugar-free drinks can ______________
A

be as bad to your teeth as drinks containing sugar.

Bbe good alternatives to sugar-rich drinks.

C be more damaging than sugar-free foods.
D be ideal for your teeth.
2

According to the new research, sugar-free soft drinks ______________
A

contain additives that are not found in soft drinks containing sugar.

B

have low pH levels because they contain no sugar.

C

may be acidic because of some their ingredients.

D are not known to be acidic and have low pH levels.
3

Plaque on the tooth surface is harmful because ______________
A

it is formed by sugar present in drinks and foods.

B

it will turn into something that will erode teeth.

C

it directly attacks the tooth s outer layer.

D it reduces the risk of dental decay.
4

According to the new research, dental enamel was softened ______________
Aby most drinks that are not acidic.

Bmostly by non-sugary soft drinks.

Cmostly by sugary drinks having low pH levels.

D by most of the soft drinks.
5

The Oral Health CRC seems to recommend that ______________A

there be less emphasis placed on product tests.

B

non-sugar products have detailed information on their labels.

C

consumers know that high acidity leads to dental decay.

D consumers avoid sugar-rich products.

E 8

Language and thought are quite closely related. Language helps us to represent
thought explicitly in our minds. It helps us reason, plan, remember, and communicate.
Communication with others gets most of the press when people talk about language.
But could it be that the language we use actually causes us toin certain ways?

Could the language we speak make our internal representations of ideas different fromthose of people who speak a different language?
It s true that different languages phrase things differently. But does that mean it ispossible to have thoughts in one language that can t be translated into another?
Unfortunately most of the people who answer yes to this question turn out to havenothing in mind other than single basic word meanings.
It is pretty easy to find words in one language that don t have exact single-wordequivalents in another.

in German is a famous example. It refers to akind of malicious pleasure some people find in other people s misfortunes. But does thelack of an exact single-word English equivalent mean that English speakers aren t able
to experience that feeling themselves or recognize it in others? Surely not. I believe I
means.

just explained in English what

Another familiar example concerns color. Some languages have far fewer words
than English for naming fairly basic colors. While some (like Greek and Russian) havemore than one basic word for shades of blue, quite a few others use the same word forboth green and blue. Some languages have hardly any color-name words. Does thismean their speakers can t physically distinguish multiple colors? Apparently not. An
experiment in the 1960s found that members of a New Guinea tribe (the Dani) whose
language named only two colors were just as good at matching a full spectrum of color
chips as English speakers.
And lest we forget, I d better mention the tired old claim that the Yup ik and Inuit
peoples (of arctic Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland) see the world differently
because they have some huge number of words for different varieties of snow. You may
be disappointed to learn that there s hardly any truth to the linguistic claim: the familyof eight languages of these peoples have only a modest number of snow terms. Fourwere mentioned in a 1911 description of a Canadian language by the great
anthropologist Franz Boas: a general word for snow on the ground; and words roughly
corresponding to snowflake,blizzard, and (snow)drift. That was it.

Boas was making a point that had nothing to do with numbers of words or their
E 9influence on thinking. It was about the way different languages draw slightly different
distinctions when naming things. But years of exaggeration and embellishment led to aseductive myth that people with no knowledge of the languages of the Yup ik and Inuit
peoples repeat over and over in magazines and newspapers. They report with wonderthat the Yup ik and Inuit peoples have some amazing number of words for snow, anumber that differs wildly from writer to writer: some say dozens or scores while others
say hundreds or thousands. They offer no evidence, and they usually ignore the factthat English, too, has plenty of words for snow

words like slush,

sleet,

avalanche,

blizzard, and flurry.

1

How are we most likely to translate the German word

into English?

A By using a famous quote
B By using a phrase or a sentence
C By using exact single-word equivalentsD
2

By using internal representations of ideas

What do we know about speakers of the Dani language?
A They can differentiate basic colors as easily as English speakers.
B They can t physically distinguish multiple colors.
C They do not use the same word for green and blue.
D

3

They name various colors whenever they see a new one.

What is most likely to be one of the main arguments in the book by Franz Boas?
A When naming things, different languages draw slightly different distinctions.
B Some languages of the Yup ik and Inuit peoples have a modest number of snow
terms.
C The Yup ik and Inuit peoples have an amazing number of words for snow.
D

The way of thinking is influenced by the numbers of color words in a language.

E 10

4

Why is the misunderstanding of the number of words for snow in the languages of
the Yup ik and Inuit peoples so widespread?
A

Because Yup ik and Inuit languages have far more words for snow thanEnglish.

B Because it was introduced by the great anthropologist Franz Boas.
C Because it is repeatedly reported in various media.
D
5

Because people come to know that English has plenty of words for snow as well.

Based on the information provided, which is the following statements is TRUE?
A Language and thought are indeed independent of each other.
B Most Yup ik and Inuit languages have hundreds or thousands of words for
snow.
C There are some languages that have very few color-name words.
D

Thoughts in one language cannot usually be translated into another.

E11