9/22/2011

AN OVERVIEW OF
MALAYSIA’s
SEWERAGE
MANAGEMENT

Presenter
WAN ABD RAHIM WAN ABDULLAH
Deputy Director General
Sewerage Services Department
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology And Water

BACKGROUND OF SEWERAGE
MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA

Indah waterprovidessewerage
Sewerage
services in 88
Services
Indah Water
out of the 144
Sewerage
A new
Department took over
Local
Services
sewerage(SSD) wassewerage
Authorities in
were
Act 1993
formed as
management
Malaysia
managed by (Act 508)
regulator
(O
&
M)
in
Urban bythe 144
was passed Agency for most states in (however not
Municipals,
on holistic
Individual
by theSewerage
Peninsular
Rural bymanner)) Rest
Local
parliament under the
MostlyM l
Malaysiai
Ministry ofof the areas is
Authorities
Managednew Act
Healthstill managed
by localon Ad-Hoc
Sanitary
basic
Board

AFTER BEFORE PRE-1994
1957
INDEPENDENCE
INDEPENDENCE

June 1993

Dec 1993

April 1994
ONWARDS

Up to 2008

Indah Water& Maajari as
Servicelicenseeunder WSIA
regime.

CURRENTLY

1

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EVOLUTION OF SANITATION IN MALAYSIA

Prior to 1950-s

Technology

Septic Tank

OP/AL

Pour Flush

Early Days in
Malaya1950-sImhoff Tank

1960-s1970-sPrimitive / Primary Treatment(Address Public Health)Activated Sludge/ Fully Mechanised
Biological Filters
Plant

1980-s1990-sPartial / Full Secondary Treatment(Address River Pollution)

2000

Year

Future Tertiary
Treatment(Address Environment)

Governance Structure of Sewerage Services

Ministry of Energy,
Green Technology &Water

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Natural
Resources &Environment• 100% Equity• Govt. Support
Loan & Subsidy

Regulator ofSewerage Services
1.

2.
3.

Policy & Controlof National
Sewerage
AgendaCapital projects(CAPEX)
Refurbishment/upgrading
projects.

1. Sewerage
Services
2. Operator in 102
Local Authority
Areas.
3. Sewerage
Services Billing &Collection.
4. Refurbishment/
upgrading
projects fundedby government.

Regulator of
Effluent
Standards
Control of
Pollution andEnvironment2

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THERE IS A NEED FOR COORDINATED FINANCIAL INVESTMENT TO
FURTHER IMPROVE QUALITY

SEWERAGE CAPITAL WORKS

GOVERNMENT FUNDEDCONCESSIONAIRE FUNDED

DEVELOPER FUNDED• Every 5 years
National Plans• Soft Loan andCapital Markets• Part of Land andProperty
Development• Sewerage Capital
Contribution• Built into Tariff
Structure• Major Contributorof Sewerage Capex

SPAN and Water Services Industry Act

SPAN



Provide policy direction,
goals & targets in line with
National needs

Economic regulation toprotect customers andensure sustainability

Policy&regulation

Government
Capital Projects

Assetprovision

Sewerage
services

Facilty LicenseeAssess asset needs of SL

Determine funding andprocurement strategies

Provide assets & lease

Service LicenseeIn line with policy direction,
goals & targets determine
asset needs

Provide service to meetstakeholder expectation3

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Areas of Sewerage Services Coverage• Operations (under IWK) only
cover 88 of 144 local
authorities in M’sia.
• The entire states of Kelantan(under Maajari), Sabah,
Sarawak, Johor Bahru &Pasir Gudang not taken overalthough provided inConcession Agreement.
• Regional development
authority areas such as
KETENGAH &KEJORA are
excluded• TOTAL OPERATIONAL AREA AND POPULATION SERVED•AREA•(Sq. Km)•%•POPULATION
EQUIVALENT (PE)

•%

•IWK

•68,505.88•51.79•19,333,568*•72.42•NON-IWK•63,769.54•48.21•7,361,729•27.58•TOTAL•132,275.42•100.00•26,695,297•100.00* Exclusive of 2.96 million population utilising primitive (pour flush) systems

Profile of Public Sewage Treatment Plants(August 2011)
4,369 no.

4,547 no.

422 no.

15,154 km

Mechanical plants
Cl SepticS
i T
k & IImhoff
h ff TkCommunal
Tanks
Tank

M h i l Pl
Mechanical
Plant

Oxidation Ponds

Pipe Network

825 no.

Pump Stations

Individual Septic Tanks

Approx. 1.2 million Individual Septic Tanks but
only 35% are accepting Scheduled Desludging
servicesi
Total Population Equivalent Served via connected
PE (public plants excluding CSTs) is 19.17 million
Sewerage Asset (Aug 2011)
No of STPs (excludes CST)

5,706 units

No of Pumping Station

825 units

Length Of Sewerage Pipes

15,154 km

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Sewerage Service Customers & Tariff
Type of Premises

Type of Customers

Basis of Billings

Domesitc
No.of Accounts:
2.5 million

Once Every 6 Months
From RM 2 , RM 3, RM 6 &RM 8 per monthCommercial
No.of Accounts:
220k

Monthly
21 bands Based on
Annual Value &Excess Charge >100 m

Industrial
No. of Accounts:
4k

Monthly
Head Count Between
RM 2 (IST) or RM 2.50 (Conn)per head & per month
Minimum Charges RM20/
RM 25 per month

Government
Quarters
No.of Accounts:
105k

Once Everyy 6 Months
RM6 (IST) or RM8 (Conn)per month

Government
PremisesNo. of Accounts:
11k

Monthly
Basic Charge RM 25 (IST)or RM 40 (Conn)
Excess Charge >100m 3

TOTAL

3

2.8 million
9What is a Fair & Equitable Sewerage Charging
Mechanism?
Who Benefits fromSewerage Services?

How Do They
Benefit?

USER

Remove wastes from
Premises

COMMUNITYp
Public- Improved
Health- Enhance Land /Property ValueWATER
RESOURCE

Social and Economic
Activities Associatedto Waterways

ENVIRONMENT

Healthier & PleasantPlace to LiveECONOMY /INDUSTRY

Development ofCommercial /Industrial Enterpriseg tourism,,e.g:businesses, etc.

CITY / STATE

Overall Benefits for
Progression

Type of Beneficiary?
PrivateGood

PublicGood

X

Beneficiary
Pay **

X

Possible Method
for Charging

User Charge

X

Community Tax/Property tax

X

X

Cess Tax

X

X

Environmental
Tax

X

Industry Tax

XGovernment Tax(Quit Rent)

X•Pay for damages caused to environment** Pay for benefits gained from clean environment

Who Should Pay?
Polluter
Pay *X( Pollution Control Costs )THE CURRENT THOUGHTS OF FULL COST RECOVERY FROM USERS MAY NEED TO BE REVIEWED TO
INTRODUCE A FAIR AND EQUITABLE CHARGING FOR SEWERAGE SERVICES

5

9/22/2011

Communications Programmes To Increase
Willingness to Pay
Communications Programs through the
APPEAL APPROACH by:
1.
2.
2
3.
4.
5.

Educating users (present &future)Environmental
Health
E i
t l&H
lth
Awareness Campaigns
Customer Friendly
Community Support
Corporate Social Responsibility

Tools/Avenues Employed :
1.
2
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Community EventsMedia Outreach(TV/Radio/News Print
Educational Avertorials)
Briefing/Dialogues
Display Materials
Educational Materials
Schools Program
Homepage/Website

Sustainable Sewerage Planning & Development
Planning Strategy
 Sewerage Catchment Strategy(SCS) toprovidesystematicandintegrated
development of sewerage infrastructure andsludge management facilities
 Strategies based on drainage basin or by
Local Authorities
 Long term regionalization concept coupledwith interim strategies to address current
issues Prioritization based on availability
y of funds
and affordability

TAM A NT U N D R I S M A IL
TAM A NB U K ITK IAR AT U N D R IS M A IL

 Application of Integrated GIS system withcomprehensive asset database for effective
development planning

TA M ANT U N D R IS M A IL

B AN DA R
U TA M A
D AM AN SA RA

B U K ITDA M AN SA

B U K ITK IA R A

5 049060 00

T AM ANT UN D R
IS M AILTAM ANBU KITDAMANSARA

6 00 00

600 00S S 21SS
21

B U K I T K IA R A

B U K I T K IA R A

SS
2 2A

E A S T IN H O TE L &PH IL E O D A M A N SA R A
C O M M E R C IA L A R E A

SS
22

SS
23
SS
2

6

9/22/2011

Example of Improvement After Effective
Planning & Development Controls
Jelutong Sewage Outfall

Before: Sewage discharged direct tocoastal waters

Jelutong Sewage Treatment Plant

After: New STP (design PE:1.2 million)

Bayan Baru STP

Upgraded Bayan Baru STP

Before: Undersized Lagoons (design
PE: 20,000) was grossly overloaded

After: New STP (design PE: 200,000)
meets environmental requirementswith higher efficiency

Planned Refurbishment Works to Improve Public
Sewerage Facilities•

Refurbishment and upgrading of existing
public treatment plants and sewers toensure acceptable performance•

Refurbishment is prioritised according toseveral categories as follows:- Refurbishment of STPs:a)
Safety & aestheticsb)
Mechanical worksc)Electrical worksd)Civil workse)
Major Treatment Performance((process))- Refurbishment of Sewer network:a)
CCTV investigationsb)
Rehabilitation

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9/22/2011

Before and After Refurbishment
After

BeforeTaman Bunga Raya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical Plant

Taman Semenyih Jaya (Semenyih) - Biosoil to Mechanical Plant
15

Sewerage Development Controls & Guidelines

Development Controls-National Guidelines Nationwide standardization of sewerage
infrastructure requirements. Developer
G id li
Guidelines
ensures new plants
l t are built
b ilt totcomply with Department of Environment
Standard.

Development Controls -Certification Services
 Instituted certification process for take over ofsewerage assets from private developers.
Since 1994, processed approximately 15,000
submissions per year.
 Established system to ensure sewage
treatment plants are designed & built torequired quality to meet Health & Safety,
Environmental and Operational requirements.

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9/22/2011

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems

Operate & Maintain Sewage Treatment Plants:-

Expertise in wide range of treatment technologies andsystems-

Monitoring of treatment process performance & plant
optimisation-

Scheduled equipments & instrumentations maintenanceworks (Preventive maintenance)-

Manage automated control systems (e.g. SCADA forlarge plants)-

Repair works : structures, fences, internal road-

Housekeeping, cleaning, aesthetic, safety-

Laboratory analysis of effluent and sludge quality as
required by Department of Environment Malaysia

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge Management••
PUBLIC SEWER BLOCKAGES
105.0%
98.0%

99.1%
97.0%

95.0%

96.0%

100.0%
96.0%

95.0%

20,00090.0%
15,00085.0%
10,000

80.0%

5,000

75.0%
22,50023,87525,00026,50024,76324,173

20,89820,54423,099

22184

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

70.0%
YEAR
No of Enquiries% attended within LOS• On the average, 22,610 cases of blockages
were received in a year or 1,884 cases permonth.

• About 97% of the cases were resolved

within the Level of Service of within 48
hours. From 2006, the Level of Service
improved from 48 hrs to 24 hrs.

DESLUDGING SERVICES
180,000

250,000

160,000

200,000

140,000
120,000

150,000

100,000
80,000100 000
100,000

60,00040,00050,00020,000
0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

T o t a l D e s lu d g i n g S e r v ic e s F u l f il le d

95.0%

N o . o f D e s lu d g in g S e r v i c e s F u lf i lle d

T o ta l E n q u iries

97.5%

96.0%
94.0%

% A tten d ed w ith in L O S

30,00025,000

Systematic program for
septic tank desludging
services were put in place
by Operator
Dedicated sludge
treatment facilities withEnvironmental
Assessment approval
nationwide

Schedule, Demand & Repeat 93,583 116,311 136,368 153,468 160,933 151,455 158,946 54,829 57,550 70,877
Pour Flush & Responsive

33,022 31,366 32,156 32,213 32,500 32,350 38,427 41,665 37,887 40,306

Total Desludged

126,605 147,677 168,524 185,681 193,433 183,805 197,373 96,494 95,437 111,183* Note : Numbers from Customer Operation Enquiries* Note : With
implementation
2008, IWK
is not responsible
andWSIA
Desludging
Systemin(COEDs)(Averages
about
for providing schedule
desludging
of septictank and CSTs
100,000
IST/yearservices
in manual
records)

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9/22/2011

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Sewer Blockages, Desludging Services & Sludge Management Cont’
Dedicated sludge treatment facilities with Department of Environment approval nationwide
CURRENT SLUDGE FACILITIESTrenching System
Completed : 25 Nos

Dedicated Sludge Drying Beds
Completed : 3 Nos

Sludge Lagoon System
Completed : 1 Nos

Integrated Sludge
Reception Facility
Completed : 6 Nos

Mechanical Dewatering
Unit
Completed : 23 Nos

Dedicated Centralised
Sludge Treatment
Completed : 8 Nos

Filter Press
83 units

Belt Press
58 units

Centrifuge
19 units

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Improvements to the Environment

Public STPs Compliance against Effluent Standard• % compliance to EQA

standard (based on 12
months average) has
increased from 65.6% to72.7% over the years.

% Meeting Standard

on 12 months average haveshownhmarkedk d increase.
i

100%
90%

90.4%

92.3%

93.9%

65.6%

67.6%

67.6%

95.3% 6,000

95.9%

5 000
5,000

80%
70%

94.8%

72.7%

70.4%

4,000

60%
50%

3,000

40%
2,000

30%
20%

Nos. of Public STPs

• Effluent compliance based

1,000

10%
0%

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Total nos. of Public STPs
% EQ (Sewage & Industrial Effluent) RegReg. 1979 Compliance% EQ (Sewage) Reg. 2009 Compliance10

9/22/2011

Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage Systems- Improvements to the River Water Quality

•
•
•
•
•

The number of river basins monitored
iincrease fromf
90 (in(i 1990) tto 143 (i(in 2008)
The number of clean rivers increase from28% (1993) to 53% (2008)
The number of slightly polluted rivers has
reduced in the last few years
The number of polluted rivers has been
consistent
There has been significant improvements
since 1997 (after Federalization of Sewerage
Services)• The number of clean rivers decrease from 334
nos. in 2008 to 306 nos. in 2009
• The number of polluted rivers increase from 48
nos. in 2008 to 54 nos. in 2009
• Water quality trend shows a depreciation in
2008-2009. This is partly contributed by the
stoppage of scheduled desludging carried out
by Operator pursuant to the enforcement of
SPAN/WSIA Laws effective from 1st January
2008.

Creating Value for Sewerage Developments- R&D Findings for Operational, Environmental & Socio-Economic Benefits

Treatment
Technology

Environmental
Solutions

Socio-Economic
Evaluation(e.g: Sewerage system
improvement, Energy Efficiency& Savings)(e.g: Sewage by-products
recycling & environmental
assessment)(e.g: Social study, economic
evaluation of treatment
system-Technical Training, Certification & R&D

O&M Operators Training(e.g. O&M of sewer network, STP
equipment MaintenanceConstruction
Contractors Training(e.g: M&E of STP construction, Health& Safety)

Specialized Training(e.g: Planning & Design Sewerage
System, Nutrient Removal Process,
CCTV Training, )11

9/22/2011

Summary of Key Achievements
Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Achievements• O&M expertise for varied sewerage systems.
• Efficient desludging services and septage management.
• Effluent Compliances that contributes to improved water quality
Sustainable Sewerage Planning & Development for Infrastructure
Improvements• Develop Guidelines and Standards • Nationwide Catchments Strategy• Integrated Financing strategy for Sewerage development
Customer Service & Awareness Program for Sustainable Services• Efficiently address operational complaints• Communications andpublic outreach and• Improved
Level of Service for customerspeducation• Comprehensive Billing & Collection systems
Creating Value For The Sewerage Industry• R&D for operational improvements & sustainable services• Training & Accreditation services to develop skilled and knowledgeable
workforce

COMPONENTS OF NSDP
 Refurbishment works
 Upgrading and consolidation of sewage treatment plants to meet standards
 includes network rehabilitation for critical sewer networks experiencing poor
structural , hydraulic or operational conditions.
 Sludge Provision of a total of sludge facilities for all priority Local Authority areas tohandle sludge from desludging of ISTs and multipoint plants.
 Regionalisation
 expansion of sewer networks. construction of new STPs and networks to enableregionalisation of all key urban areas.
 Sub‐components include acquisition of land for siting of facilities.
 Property connection
 maximise benefits of new projects.
 Pour flush system conversion
 convert all of pour flush/sub‐standard septic tanks to a basic septic tank system.
 Sullage connection
 program of replumbing of such properties to intercept sullage wastes intosewerage systems.

12

9/22/2011

MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER
RM3,209
million

RMK9(2006‐2010)

1200.00

1000.00
RM
million991.61 m

RMK8(2001‐2005)

800.00

RM1,164
million795.75 m
702.10 m

600.00

RM375
million

RMK10
377.33 m(2011‐2012)

426.82 m

408.68 m

NKEA

400.00310.99m (2011‐2015)

RM 5,616
million180.19 m

200.00135.27 m

132.84m

44.38 m

0.00
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ON SEWERAGE PROJECTS 2001-2011

MINISTRY OF ENERGY, GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND WATER

SEWERAGE PROJECT UNDER
NKEA
21 projects
Project cost– RM 5,616,686,000

GREATER KL – RIVER OF
LIFE

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY –SEWERAGE NON RIVER

9 projects

12 projects

Project cost– RM 2,233,262,000

Project cost– RM 3,383,424,00026

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9/22/2011

12 LOCATION PROJECT UNDER SEWERAGE‐NON RIVER

6. SEWER REHABILITATION PROJECTSAT KELANG, SHAH ALAM, SUBANGJAYA DAN PETALING JAYA

7. RASIONALISATION 27 STP AT OLD
KLANG ROAD
8. RATIONALISATION 33 STP AT
PUCHONG
9. SEWER REHABILITION AT
SELANGOR (G08)

1. LAYING OF SEWER NETWORK AT
JALAN KLANG LAMA, PETALING JAYA& SEPUTEH
2. CHERAS BATU 11 STP & SEWER
LINES
3. CHERAS JAYA STP AND SEWER
LINES

10 LOT 130 STP AND SEWER LINES
10.
11. REFURBISHMENT, & UPGRADING
70 STP

4. KAJANG 2 STP AND SEWER LINES
5. KAJANG 1 & 3 STP AND SEWER
LINES

12. RESEARCH ON GREENTECHNOLOGY APLICATON TO THE
EXISTING STP

9 LOCATION RIVER OF LIFE PROJECTS
9. RESEARCH ON STP
1. RASIONALISATION 17 STP
8. UPGRADING 16 STP AT
SELAYANG

7. SEWER REHABILITATION

2. RASIONALISATION AND
UPGRADING STP AT BUKITANTARABANGSA

3. PREMIS CONNECTIONS

6. RASIONALISATION 19 STP ATDAMANSARA

4. JINJANG KEPONG STP AND
SEWERLINES

5. BUNUS STP AND SEWER LINES

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9/22/2011

Conclusion
 Malaysia has seen spectacular sewerage development over the last 20

years through public – private partnership.
partnership.
 Conflicts in water management needs to be resolved via social,environmental and economic balancesbalances..
 Moving towards full cost recovery is tough but a share from beneficiaries

may make the sewerage services sustainable
sustainable..
 There are potential of resource recovery in the sewerage sector -bioeffluent, biosolids and biogas – plus others than canmove theindustry from utility to new ventures.
ventures.
 There is a need for structured capacity development programmes in thesewerage industry to lift the standard of the sector in the future.
future.

29

Pantai STP

Jelutong STP

15