tft

UNDffICRIBED SPECIESIOF JAPANESIETIPULIDAE(DIPTERA). PART IV
By Charles P. Alexander
Amherst,Massachusetts,
U. S.A.

Revrinted fron,
the Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological SoeietyVol. 11, No. 1, July, 1971

Trans.ShikokuEnt. Soc.Vol. 11,No. 1, pp. 1-13,July, 19?1.

UNDESCRIBEDSPECIESOF JAPANESE TIPULIDAE(DIPTERA). PART IV')
By CharlesP. Alexander
Amherst,Massachusetts.
U. S. A.
The precedingpaper under this generaltitle was publishedin the Transactionsof the ShikokuEntomologicalSociety,Vol. 10,Nos.3-4,November1970.The species
discussedat this time were included in extensiveseries of crane flies that were
presentedto me by Dr. Kintaro Baba,collectedby himself and by Messrs.H. Koike
and Y. Maruyama,in various stationsin Echigo,Honshu. Onefurther speciesfrom
Kyushu was takenby my long time friends,Sy0ti Issiki and SyusiroIto. I am deeply
indebtedto all of the abovefor their co-operationin making known the rich andvaried crane fly fauna of Japan.
Tipulaf Emodotipula)tenuiloba sp. nov.

Belongs to the nariculi.te,'group; characters much as in rzoljculi./er, differing
especiallyin the male hypopygium, especiallythe tergite and inner dististyle.
8.- Length about 1f)mm ; wing 21 mm ; antenna about -1.4mm.
Frontal prolongation of head subequal in length to the remainder, dark brownish gray ; nasus distinct; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel
yellow, flagellum black, the extreme proximal ends of basal segments yellowed;
basal enlargements small, verticils slightly longer than the segments. Head light
grdr, front and anterior vertex very pale yellow, the latter with a small rounded
lobule immediately behind each antennal fossa.
Pronotal scutum gray, scurellum yellowed. Mesonotal praescutum light brownwith four darker gray stripes ; scutum similarly gray, each lobe with two separate
darker gray areas; scutellum gray with a capillary dark brown vitta, parascutellanacreous yellow; mediotergite and part of pleurotergite gray, dorsal half of the
katapleurotergite elevated, pale yellow. Pleura light gray, very slightly darker grayon ventral anepisternum, sternopleurite and meron. Halteres yellow, basal half ofknob light brown. Legs with coxae gray, the extreme tips yellowed; trochanters
yellow; femora yellow basally, gradually darkened outwardly, tips dark brown tobrownish black; tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Wings (Fig. 3) with the groundwhitened, prearcular field and cell C pale yellow, cell Sc deeper yellow; stigma
brown, the proximal end more yellowed; a restricted brown pattern that includes
the anterior cord and m-cu", with extensions over vein Cz; wing apex in outerradial cells broadly darkened ; more restricted to scarccely evident darkened seams
at origin of Bs and over most of vein 2nd A ; veins dark brown, yellowed in thebrightened fields. Macrotrichia on Rz*a, frr+s &nd more sparsely on base of Bs.
1) Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massaehusetts.

Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological SocietyVol. 11, No. 1

Venation: .Rs long, nearly equal to -Rr*s; petiole of cell Mr and zr, subequal.
Basal abdominal tergites orange yellow, havily patterned with gray, sternites
more uniformly brown; outer segmentsbark brown, outer parts of hypopygium,
especially the sternum, paler. Male hypopygium (Fig. 4) much as in nau'iculifer,differing especiallyin the very slender lobes of the ninth tergite, f. Dististyles, d,
as figured. Appendegeof eighth sternite, 8 s, shown diagrammatically becauseof
condition of the holotype ; the actual breadth acrossbase is more extensive thanshown and the central darkening is elongate,shapedlike a spear-head.
Holotype $, Mount Amakazari, Echigo, Honshu, June 3, 1955 (Baba), Baba
No. AM 20.
As presently recognized,the naaiculife?,'group of the subgenusEmodotipula
Alexander includesfive species,all from Japan and easternSiberia. Tiytula (Emodotipula) holotelesAlexander (Fig. 5D) is quite distinct from the other specieswhich
include, in addition to ?. (8.) naui,culifer Alexander (Fig. 5A), also f . @.) breuiscapha Alexander (Fig. 5B), T. (8.) sltogun.Alexander (Fig. 5C), and the present
fly (Fig. .1).All are most readily distinguishedby hypopygial characters,particularly
the ninth tergite and the dististyles.The present fly has the tergal lobes,l, longer
and more slender than in either breuiscaythaor naui,culi.fer, where they are subequal in length and breadth, being lowest in breuiscaplm.The figures provided are
based on holotype specimenswith the exception of shoglu,tt,rvhere the type is afemale specimen.The specimenillustrated is from Kurashir, environs of Tretjakovo,
U. S. S. R., collected by Savchenkoand appearsto be correctly determined by mycomparison with the type specimen. A male specimenKunimidake, K1'ushu,12(X)1500meters, collected May 27, 1952,by Ito and Issiki, is very similar to the typeof. tenuiloba but the tergal lobes are somewhat longer and broader and there areslight differencesin the outline of the outer dististyle. Until more materials became
available I would consider this specimento pertain to the present species.
Sa v c h e n ko(F a u n a S . S . S . R ., No.89, Dipter a II, No. l:25( j- 2ti,- t;ltXil) had
placed these speciesin the sagi,natagroup of the subgenusLtrttrttiltultt Edwards.
Alexander (Philippine Jour. Sci., 94 ; 244-Zt5; 1965)likewise referred these species
to LunatiTtula but it now seemspreferrableto place them in I')nttxlrttiltulaAlexander. as there defined.
Tipula(Sinotipula)babai sp. nov.

Size large (iving of male about 20 mm); general coloration of head and thorax
gr&y, praescutum with three darker gray stripes; halteres yellorv ; femora yellow
with brown apices,most extensive on fore pair; wings pale yello\\',prearcular andcostal fields deeper yellow; an extensive light brown pattern that includes thebroad apex; abdomenwith proximal segmentsyellowed,outer onesgray with yellow
borders; male hypopygium with posterior border of tergite nearly truncate, lateralangles produced; outer dististyle bilobed,inner style longer, its apex very obtuse;aedeagusstout.
A.- Length about 18-20mm ; wing 20-21.5mm ; antenna about ti-6.5 mm.
$.- Length about 26 mm; wing 22.5mm.

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C. P. Alexander:JapaneseTipulidae(Dip1.)

2:.-jK" 5

Figs. 1-7. 1-3, venation: I 7, male hypopygium. l and 6, Ti'pulu (Sin,:lipula)bahai sp. nov.; 2 and,i, Tiltulu (Yamatotipula) bitumidosn sp. nov.; 3 and 4,
Ti ltttla(Em.odotiptLla)tenuilobrtsp. nov.; 54, Tipula (Emodotipula)nariculifer
Alexander ; 5 B, Tipula (Emodotipula) breuiscapha Alexander; 5 C, Tipu,Ia(Emodotiptila)shog1un.
Alexander; 5D, Tipula (Emodotipula)holotelesAlexander.
n, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d, dististyle; g, gonapophysis; s, eighth sternite;t, ninth tergite.

Transaetions of the Shikoku Entomological SoeietyVol. 11, No. 1

Frontal prolongation of head subequal to the remainder, without nasus,chestnut brown on sides,gtdy above;palpi with proximal two segmentsbrown, remainder
black. Antennae with scape, pedicel and base of first flagellar segment yellow,
remainder black; flagellar segmentsstrongly incised,the basal enlargementsa little
shorter than the remainder; verticils long and conspicuous,the longest subequal
to the segment. Head light gray, anterior vertex and sides of front light yellow;
no developedvertical tubercle.
Pronotal scutum Et&V,scutellum yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumlight gray withthree darker gray stripes, the broader central stripe with a capillary central line
on anterior half ; scutum gr&y, each lobe with two contiguousdarker areas; scutellum gray, vaguely more infuscated posteriorly; postnotum gray, katapleurotergite
more whitened. Pleura gray ; dorsopleuralmembranelight yellow. Halteres yellow.
Legs with coxae gray, paler posteriorly ; trochanters yellow; fore femora yellow,
outer third brown, middle femora yellow with about the outer fourth darkened,
posterior femora with tips narrowly brown, remainder of legs black; claws of malewith a small tooth before midlength. Wings (Fig. 1) with the ground pale yellow,
prearcular and costal fields deeperyellow; stigma bark brotvn ; an extensive lightbrown pattern that includes the broad wing apex, seams over posterior cord andlessevidently in outer ends of the anal and cubital cells; the yellow ground includes
especiallythe basal feurth of wing and a broad band beyond cord in radial field,
paler in cell lst Mz and adjoining areas; small yellow spots at ends of the medial
and more posterior cells, larger in the anal field, in some specimensthese marginal
brightened marks small or lacking; veins brown. Veins beyond cord chiefly witli
trichia, lacking on r?.s;holotypewith a few stigmal trichia. Venation: .R.srelatively
long, more than twice Rz*s;m-cu long, oblique.
Abdomenwith proximal four segmentsyellowed,the first slightly darker;outer
segments gray, lateral borders broadly yellowed, posterior margins of both tergites
and sternites yellow; hypopygium brown. Ovipositor with cerci straight, slender,
hypovalvae broader, tips rounded. Male hypopygium (Fig. 6) with tergite, t, transverse, very slightly wider at base, posterior border nearly truncate, the lateralangles more produced; border narrowly blackened, fringed with delicate setae.
Setal brushes of ninth sternite, ,9s, conspicuous.Dististyles, d, with outer stylebilobed, inner lobe larger, oval ; inner style larger, angularly bent at near twothirds the length, apex very obtuse, basal lobe with sparsecoarsesetae. Aedeagus,o, very stout, one element at apex extended into an acute spine. Eighth sternite
unarmed, widest posteriorly, outer margin subtruncate to very slightly convex.
Holotype $, Mount Amakazari, Echigo, Honshu, 900 meters, June 25, 19;;(Baba); Baba No. AM 1. Allotopotype 9, pinned with type. Paratopotypes,$, ir00
meters, June 3, 1955,Baba AM 20 ; $, 1000meters, June 25, 1955,Baba AM 1.
The speciesis dedicatedto Dr. Kintaro Baba, to whom we owe much of ourpresent knowledge of the crane flies of Honshu. The most similar regional species
is T'ipula (Sinoti,ltula) tsioceni,caAlexander,of northern Korea, well distinguishedfrom the present fly by the coloration of the legs and wings and especially inhypopygial structure.

July, 1971

C. P. Alexander: JapaneseTipulidaeOipt.)

Tipula(Yamatotipula) biturnidosc sp. nov.

Belongs to the sempiterna (iroquois) group; general coloration of head andthorax light gt&y, mesonotalpraescubirmand scutum with a slightly darker patternthat is narrowly bordered by pale brown; frontal prolongation of head elongate,
without a nasus; halteres light yellow; wings brownish yellow, prearcular andcostal fields clear light yellow, including the veins, a restricted darkenedpatternthat includesespeciallythe stigma and broad wing apex; a small g'roup of macrotrichia in outer end of cell r?s; male hypopygium with apex of tergite flattened,shallowly notched; each basistyle on ventral face with a conspicuouslobe, outerdististyle long and narrow.
6 . - L en g th a b o u t 1 4mm; w i ng 1- 1.5m m ; antennaabout 5m m .
Frontal prolongation of head light gray, darker on sides, elongate, subequal
to the remainder, without nasus; palpi brewnish black. Antennae relatively long,
pedicel obscureyellow, remainder dark brown; flagellar segmentsexceedingtheir
verticils, basalenlargementssmall,terminal segmentvery reduced.Head clear lightgray ; vertical tubercle very small, anterior vertex broad, about six times the diameter of scape.
Pronotal scutum light Era.y,scutellum and pretergites buffy yellow. Mesonotal
praescutumlight gray with slightly darker gray stripes that are narrowly borderedby light byorvn; scutum groy, each lobe with two confluent darker gray areas,
with a continuouslight brown border; posterior scleritesof notum light EtzV,
parascutellamore buffy, mediotergiteswith vague indicationsof a capillary darker
central vitta, with scatteredlong pale setae.Pleura clear light gr&V,including the
katapleurotergite; dorsopleuralmembranebuffy yellow. Halteres light yellow. Legs
with coxae light gray, trochanters yellow; femora yellow, clearest basally, outerends darkened,slightly more extensiveon fore legs where about the distal half isincluded; tibiae dark brown ; tarsi brownish black, claws small, with a short subbasal point. Wings (Fig.2) brownish yellow, prearcular and costal fields clear lightyellow, including the veins; stigma oval, brown, wing tip extensivelydarkened,
involving about the outer half of the radial cells, much narrower in tha medial
field : a narrow but eonspicuousdarkening on anterior cord; outer two-thirds ofvein Cu and the narrow cell Cu behind vaguely darkened.Longitudinal veins beyond general level of origin of Es with trichia, including also the outer half ofvein 2nd, A, lacking on .lsf A; a group of about 20 trichia in outer end of cell -Et(position shown in figure by stippling). Venation: CelLM' about twice its petiole;nt.-cu long, on vein Mo beyond the short transverse base.
Basal abdominalsegmentsbrownish yellow, the third and succeedingtergites
brownish black,their posteriorbordersnarrowly paler,lateral margins more broadly
so, sternites chiefly more yellowed. Male hypopygium(Fig. 7) with tergite, f, long,gradually narrowed outwardly, terminating in a more yellowed plate without spinous points, apex shallowly notched to from two short lobes, the apieesobliquely
truncated and slightly produced.Each basistyle,b, on ventral face with a conspicuous lobe that is tufted with long black setae, apex of inner margin with a smallbilobed projeetion. Outer dististyle, d, long and narrow, yellowed; inner style asTransactionsof the Shikoku EntomologicalSocietyVol. 11. No. 1

figured, beak small, with a more darkenedrounded basal lobe; body of style witha slenderspine and a stouter outer lobe, the blackenedapex obtuse.Phallosome,p,with gonapophysis,g, pale, apicesbroadly expanded,subequalto or longer than thestem. Eighth sternite narrowly transverse,posterior border nearly truncate; surfaceof outer half with abundant small pale setae, the lateral ones smaller, without
tufts or other setal concentrations.
Holotype 6, Kitakanbara, Sugatani, Echi.go,Honshu, May 8, 1955(H. Koike);
Baba No. 467.
The sempiterna group in the genus Tipula was proposedby Savchenko in
1961(Fauna S. S. S. R., No. ?9, Diptera II, No. 3: 263-268,figs. 153-156)to inclulde
five speciesof the subgenus Yamatoti'pula from Korea and Japan. Mannheims(Notulae Entomologice,43: 69-71,fig; 1963)later added a new speciesof the groupfrom Finland as fendleri Mannheims.It may be noted that membersof this group
likewise occur in eastern North America and the term iroquois group had earlier
been proposedby the writer (Amer. Midl. Nat., 21: 611; 1910).There are four suchspeciespresentlymade known, occurring chiefly in the southern Appalachianmountains of Tennesseeand North Carolina. In 19.12(Diptera of Connecticut, Diptera,
I had applied similar paired specificnames for the variFirst Fascicle,pp. 26.1-281)
ous groups in the genus Ti,pula where both Nearctic and Palaearctic representatives occurred, as in the present case.In this instance I am designating these as
being in the sempiterna (iroquols) group. The membersof the group are generally
similar in coloration, including the darkenedwing apex. In the presentfly the long
frontal prolongationof the head, without a nasus, differs from the conditionfoundin sempiterna Alexanderbut is identical with mi.sakanaAlexander and tsurugiana
Alexander in eastern Asia, as well as in the Nearctic iroquois Alexander. In
sempiternn the prolongation is shorber and is provided with a distinct nasus.
Tipula(Yamatotipula) koikei sp. nov.

Belongsto the sempitertta('iroquofs)group; nasusdistinct; thorax chiefly Et&Y,
conspieuouslyvariegated by light yellow; knob of halteres yellow ; legs black,femoral basesyellowed; wings brownish yellow, prearcular and costal fields conspicuously light yellow, wing apex infuscated, remainder of disk with restricteddarkenings;abdominaltergites black,lateral bordersbroadly yellow, outer segments
darkened; male hypopygium with tergite produced into two relatively small lobes
provided with numerous small spinoid setae; gonapophysisa very large flattened
dark-coloredblade, longer than the small straight aedeagus.
6.- Length about 16mm ; wing 17.5 ; antennaabout 5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head dark gtzy, nasus elongate;palpi black. Antennae
black, pedicel obscure brownish yellow; flagellar segments moderately incised,slightly exceedingtheir longest verticils; terminal segment about two-thirds thepenultimate,narrowed gradually to the tip. Head clear light gtay; posterior vertex
with abundant small black setae; vertical tubercle very low and obtuse.
Pronotal scutum broadly brownish yellow medially, sublaterally with large
blackenedareas:scutellumand pretergites clear light yellow. Mesonotalpraescutum

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C. P. Alexander: JapaneseTipulidae(Dip1.1

clear light yellow on sides,disk with three light gray stripes,the blackenedinterspacesvery narrow, not reaching the suture behind; scutum medially very light
EtdV,each lobe with two confluent light gray areasthat are narrowly borderedby
blackish near the suture;scutellum gray basally,broadly yellow behind,parascutella
yellowed; mediotergite with anterior two-thirds yellow, vaguely patterned withclearer yellow, posterior border with two confluent light gray areas,pleurotergite
yellow, the katapleurotergite lighter yellow, narrowly darkened below. Pleura
chiefly light gray, bases of meron and metapleura more yellowed; dorsopleuralllaFigs.8-12. li-10, venation; 11 and 12, male hypopygium.8and l1., Ttpula( Y a m a t o t i t t u . I a ) k o i l ; esip . n o v . ; 9 a n d 1 2 , T i p u l a ( Y a m a t o t t p u l a ) l a t e m a r g i n a t aplatyspatha subsp. nov.; 10, Ttpula nocticostatcr,sp. nov. a, aedeagus; b,basistyle; d, dististyle; 9, gonapophysis; 7r, phallosome; .s, ninth sternite;t, ninth tergite.

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Yol. 11, No. 1

Transactionsof the Shikoku EntomologicalSociety

membrane extensively clear light yellow, extended ventrad behind the fore coxae.
Halteres with stem whitened, knob clear yellow. Legs with coxae chiefly Br&y, paler
apically, especially the posterior pairs; trochanters yellow ; femora black, yellowedbasally, narrowest on fore pair where about one-fourth is included, on the otherfemora nearly the basal half ; tibiae and tarsi black; terminal tarsal segment beneath before apex conspicuouslyproduced; claw with a single small erect point.
Wings (Fig. 8) brownish yellow, prearcular and costal fields conspicuouslybrightyellow; stigma dark brown; wing tip, including cells Rzto Mr strongly infuscated;
restricted brown seamsat cord and over vein Cu; veins brown, Sc, .R and prearcularveins yellowed. Venation : Petiole of cell M r about one-half m.
Abdomen with second tergite brownish yellow, succeeding tergites dull black,posterior borders narrowly pale yellow, lateral margins broadly yellow; basal
sternites yellow, outer segments dark brown, hypopygium brownish black. Male
hypopygium (Fig. 11) with tergite, t, narrowed on posterior half, apex with two
relatively small lobes that are separated by a norrow V-shaped notch, lobes withnumerous minute blackened spinoid setae. Basistyle unmodified. Dististyles, d, as
shown; outer style short, only slightly more than twice as long as the width atbase,apex very obtuse; inner style with beak slender,above its base with a powerfulstraight black spine. Aedeagus small, straight, the subtending gonapophyses,Q,
appearing as very large flattened dark-colored sessile blades, the apices obtuse.
Eighth sternite narrowly transverse,posterior border nearly straight, with numerous
seteae that are not concentrated into groups.
Holotype 6, Kitakanbara, Sugatani, Echigo, Honshu, May 8, 1955(H. Koike) ;Baba No. 468.
The speciesis nemed for the collector, Mr. H. Koike, who securedmany interesting crane flies for Dr. Baba. It is readily distinguished from other membersof thesempiterna group of the subgenus by the details of body coloration and by hypopygial structure, such regional species including bitumidoso sp. nov., nr,isa,kanaAlexander, sempiterna Alexander, and tsurugiana Alexander. The conspicuous
gonapophysesare somewhat as in the otherwise very different nigrolamina Alexander, of northern Korea.
Tipula(Yamatotipula)latemarginata

platgspaffto

subsp. nov.

'6.- Length about 15 mm; wing 18 mm; antenna about 6 mm.
Differs from typical Latemarg'inata Alexander chiefly in slight distinctions in
the hypopygium, especiallythe ninth tergite, and is best consideredas representing
a southern race.
Male hypopygium (Fig. 12) with the lobe of tergite, l, broad, apex virtuallytruncate, the median emargination scarcely evident; spinoid setae virtually lacking,representedonly by scattered microscopicpoints. Gonapophysis,g, with the spatulate
apex very broad and conspicuous,transversely oval in outline. Other hypopygial
details as shown, the inner and outer dististyles in separate subfigures.
Holotype $, Mount Amakazari, Echigo, Honshu, 500 meters, June 3, 1955(Y.
Maruyama); Baba No. AM 21.

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C. P. Alexander: JapaneseTipulidae (Dipt.)

9

Synonymies in this speciesinclude the following:
Tipula latemarg'inata Alexander; Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 14: \Zf,'-I2g;7g21.
Types from Sapporo,Japan; a pest of rice, as disussedby Kuwayama, 1946.
Tipula coerulescensLackschewitz;Arbeit. Naturforscher-Ver. Riga, Neue Folge
Heft 15: 9-10 ; 1923. Savchenko,Fauna S. S. S. R., No. 79, Diptera II, No. B : 27027| ; 1961,as T i'pula (Yamatoti.pula) latemar g'inata coerulescens. T y pes f rom various stations in Kurland (Courland, western Latvia, U. S. S. R.).
Tipulanocticostafo sp. nov.

General coloration of head and thorax light gre1, restrictedly patterned withslightly darker areas; legs black, femoral bases yellow; wings brownish yellow,
cells C and Sc, with the stigma, dark brown, with further restricted darkenings
beyond the cord ; prearcular field and vein Cuz light yellow; abdominal tergites
brownish black, lateral margins broadly pale, basal sternites yellowed, outer segments blackened.
9.- Length about 17 mm; wing 16 mm; antenna about 3 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head obscureyellow on sides,narrowly light gray above,slightly shorter than remainder of head, nasus distinct; palpi brown. Antennae
brownish yellow basally,about the outer half passinginto brown; flagellar segments
subcylindrical,basal enlargementsscarcelydeveloped;first segmentelongate,nearly
equal to the succeedingtu'o combined. Head light gray, rvith a very faint capillary
central brorvn line.
Pronotum gray. Mesonotal praescutum light gray with three very faintly indicated more brownish gray stripes, the median one faintly divided by a ground line
before suture ; scutum light gray, each lobe with two vaguely darker areas; posterior sclerites light pr&y, parascutellamore nacreous,the elevated posterior border
light yellow; katapleurotergite slightly paler gray. Pleura light gt&y, paler posteriorly, dorsopleural region yellow. Halteres with stem brownish yellow, knob darker
brown. Legs with coxae light gray, trochanters yellow; remainder of legs brownish
black, femoral besesyellowed, on fore pair including about one-third, on hind legs
about one-half of segment. Wings (Fig. 10) faintly brownish yellow, cells C and Sc
distad of crossveinh, together with the stigma, dark brown; extreme distal margins
of outer radial cells and a spot in bases of cells /& and ^Ilsadjoining the cord darkbrown; prearcular field and vein Cuz (immediately behind vein Cur) clear lightyellow, including the veins; obliterative areas before stigms and across bese of cell
1st Mz whitened ; less evident whitened longitudinal streaks in cells E, M and theAnals; veins brown except as described.Most longitudinal veins beyond cord, as
well as outer ends of M and 1 st A, with trichia. Venation: .Rr*zoblique, cell Bz
at margin extensive; petiole of cell Mr subequal to or shorter than m.
Abdominal tergites brownish black, lateral margins broadly, posterior borders
very narrowly pale, second tergite chiefly more yellowed; basal sternites yellowed,
fifth and succeedingsegments blackened, sparsely pruinose. Ovipositor with cerci
slender, the membranous tips very slightly decurved.
Holotype $, Mount Amakazari,Echigo, Honshu,900meters,June 26,1955(Baba);10Transactionsof the Shikoku EntomologicalSocietyVol. 11, No. 1

Baba No. AM 6.
In the absenceof the male I cannot place the present fly in any subgenus.
The only regional members of the genus with somewhatcomparablewing pattern
are Tipula (Yamatotiputa) patagiata Alexander and Tipula nigrocostata AIexander, the latter being most similar in the yellowed prearcular field and vein Cuz
differing evidently in the wing pattern, ineluding the broad darkened apex andmarkings in cell M. Savchenko(Fauna S. S. S. R., No. 89, Diptera II, No' 4: 153:
1964)placesthe last named speciesin the subgenusVestiplerBezzibut to me suchan assignment appears questionablesince the male hypopygium is very different
from that of any other speciesknown to me.
Limonia (Atu pophthalm'us) stglacantha sp' nov'
Size small (wing of male 4.3mm); mesonotumbrown, sides yellowed, pleura
yellow with a conspicuouslongitudinal brown stripe; legs light brown, claws
simpte; wings subhyaline,with certain veinsbroadly seamedwith pale brown; malehypopygiumwith dististyle single but complex in structure, including two major
lobes,each divided into two smaller lobules,inner lobe with the smaller arm terminating in two powerful spinoid setae; gonapophysiswith mesal-apicallobe long,
beyondmidlength with an obtuse lateral expansion'
6 . - L e n g t h a b o u t3 . 5 m m ; w i n g 4 . 3 m m ; a n t e n n aa b o u t1 . 3 m m .
Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel dark brown,
flagellum paler brown ; flagellar segmentslong-oval,the outer ones more slender,
terminal segmentabout one-halflonger than the penultimate,segmentslonger thantheir verticils. Head dark (discoloredin type).
pronotum light brown. Mesonotalpraescutumwith disk light brown, the area
widened posteriorly, sublaterally broadly yellow, the margin behind the humeri
very narrowly darkened; posterior scleritesof notum darker brown, especiallythe
scuiellum, the parascutellaand much of pleurotergite light yellow' Pleura clear
light yellorv with a conspicuousbrown dorsal longitudinal stripe extending fromcervical region to the abdomen,passingbeneaththe halteres. Halteres with stem
yellow, knob brown. Legs with coxae and trochanterslight yellorv; remainderoflegs brown, including the tarsi ; claws Iong and slender, rvithout teeth. Wings(Fig. 13) with centersof cells subhyaline,with broad very pale brown seamsoverthe outer veins to appearvaguelypatterned;stigma oval, very pale brown, scarcely
general level
darker than the remainder; veins brown. Longitudinal veins beyondof origin of -r?swith trichia, lacking on both Anal veins. Venation: Sc long, Sc'
Scz shortly removed;basal sectionof 'Rr*s
ending shortly beyondmidlength of 1?'s,
long, nearly in alignment with r?s, exceedingone-half Rz*a;nx-cu at fork of M,
slightly longer than distal sectionof Cm.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, basal sternites vaguely bicolored, brownish
yellow, the apicesdarker brown, outer segmentsand hypopygiummore uniformly
brown. Male hypopygium(Fig. 15)with tergite, t,large, the Iateral ends produced,
posterior margin convex, anterior border more strongly producedmedially; setae
concentratedalong posterior border. Basistyle about one-half larger than dististyle

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C. P. Alexander: JapaneseTipulidae(Dipt.)

11

t6

Figs. 13-17. 13 and 14, venation; 15-17, male hypopygium. 13 andl.5, Limonia (Atypophthalmus)stylacantha sp. nov.; 14 and L6, Pedtcia(Tricypltona) orophila trtchophorosubsp.nov.; 17,Molophilus(Molophilus)
m,env.non
sp. nov. a, aedeagus; b, basistyle; d,,dististyle ; g, gonapophysis;
i, interbase ; p, phallosome; l, ninth tergite.

Transactionsof the Shikoku EntomologicalSocietyVol. 11, No. 1

and its appendages, ventromesal lobe short, rounded. Dististyle, d, single but eomplex in structure, body oval, outer end bilobed, each lobe with long setae; rostralprolongation long, base widened, outer half narrowed and curved to the acute tip,on inner margin below the prolongation with a large lobe that is nearly as large
as body of style, conspicuously bilobed, the outer part larger, with a few long setae
on inner margin, before midlength with a smaller lobe that terminates in two
powerful spinoid setae (on one side of type with a further rudimentary spine); thetwo elements of the style, as described,shown separately and enlarged in subfigures.
Gonapophysis,g, with mesal-apical lobe beyond midiength with an obtuse lateralexpansion. Aedeagus, a, bilobed at apex.
Holotype 6, Kurokawa, Echigo, Honshu, July 2, \9551Baba); Baba No' 371.
In its general appearancethe present fly is similar to Limonia (Atgpophtha|mus)inusta (Meigen), syn. angustistria (Alexander), in eastern Asia, differing evidently
in hypopygial structure. Edwards (Trans. Soc.British Ent.,5, part 1: 32; 1938)was
the first to indicate that this group of crane flies was referrable to the subgenus
AtyXtophthalmus Brunetti, with many speciespresently known in the Oriental andEthiopian regions. In hypopygial structure the new species is very different fromthe other Japanesemember of the subgenus,umhrata (de Meijere), syn. subumbrata
Alexander.
Pedieia (Tricaphona)orophilatriehophorasubsp. nov.

6 . - L e n g t h a b o u t 1 2 m m ; w i n g l 0 m m ; a n t e n n aa b o u t 1 . t i m m .
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae 17-segmented;scape and pedicel
Iight brown, flagellum brownish black, segmentslong-oval.Head black, gray pruinose,
vertical tubercle darker, small, simple.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal praescutum with three dark chestnut brown
stripes that are narrowly separated by gray interspaces; scutal lobes similarly
chestnut brown, central region brownish yellow, posterior lateral angles of lobes
strongly produced, yellow; scutellum plumbeous, parascutella yellow; postnotumand pleura dark brown. Halteres yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellowed;
femora yellow, tips brown, tibiae chiefly yellow, extreme tips darkened; tarsi black.
Wings (Fig. 1a) almost uniformly suffused rvith light brown, stigma and a vague
clouding over anterior cord slightly darker; rving base not as evidently yellowed
as in typical oroythila. Venation: ,Rz subequal to Rr+z; Er+s short, with r-m atmidlength; nt about its own length beyond fork of Mr*2, nl.-cu on Ms*n shortly
before fork. In typical orophi,la, .Ez is about twice Rr+z; .Rr*s elongate, with r-m
shortly beyond origin, the outer section long; m at fork oI Mt*2, nl,cu on vein Mo.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, basal segment darker; sternites yellowed,
outer two segments dark brown. Male hypopygium (Fig. 16) with characters generally as in orophilo. Interbase, i, Iarge, sinuous, terminating in an oval lobe with asingle decurved point at its outer end and with two recurved spines at base, theapex and lower surface of lobe with abundant setae, the former longer; stem with
scattered bristles on the convex face, as shown.
Holotype $, Inaodake, Kyushu, 600 meters, May 16, 1952 (Issiki and Ito).

July, 1971

Tipulidae(Dipt.)
C. P. Alexander:Japanese13

The present subspeciesis close to typical orophila Alexander (type, Noko,
Formosa,9000feet, June 26,t927,collectedby Issiki; Philippine Jour. Sci., 36:463464,pl. 1, fig. 5 (venation),pl. 2, fig.9 (malehypopygium),differing chiefly in detailsof venation and in the conformationof the interbaseof the male hypopygium, as
described.
Molophilus(Molophilus)

rrlerrt'non sp. nov.

Belongsto the gracilis group and subgroup; size small (wing less than 3.5 mm);general coloration of entire body black; knobs of halteres clear light yellow; legs
brown; wings tinged with brown, prearcular freld yellowed; male hypopygium withbasistyle trilobed, ventral lobe terminating in a glabrous yellow paddle; dististyles
subequal in length, both terminating in acute spines.
6 .- Length about 2.8-3 mm ; wing 3-3. 3 mm ; antenna about 0. 9 mm.
? . - L e n g th a b o u t 3 . I mm; w i ng 3.3 mm .
Head and appendagesbrownish black; antennal segmentsoval, ends truncated,verticils much longer than segments except outwardly.
Thorax black. Halteres pale, knobs clear light yellow. Legs with coxae andtrochanters brorvnish black; remainder of legs brown. Wings tinged with brown,
prearcular field yellowed; veins light brown, trichia dark brown. Venation: ,Rzsome
distance before level of r-m, about one-half Rz+z;Ms*+ about three to three andone-half times nl.-c'tl,the latter opposite or shortly before tip of vein 2 nd A.
Abdomen black, in female more brownish black. Male hypopygium (Fig. 17)
with basistyle, b, produced into three lobes, the dorsal one rvith very long setae,
ventral lobe longest, its outer end a glabrous yellorv paddle, mesal lobe large' oval,
with very abundant long delicate setae. Dististl'les. r/. shorvn in separate figures
for clarity; outer st1'le rvith more than basal half broad. outrvardly narrowed intoa long nearll. straight spine that narro\\'s verl' gradualll- to the acute tip; inner
st1-lesubequalin length. slender.gentlr- curved at near trvo-thirds the length, thence
narrowed to the acute alle\. r'entral surface at the curve rvith two acute denticles.
Phallosomic plate broad. ape\ verl' obtuse.
Holotl'pe $, Kurokawa. Echigo. Honshu, NIay 31, 1955(Baba); Baba No.365.
Paratollotl'pes, 66, May 6,7 and 31' 1955.
Allotopotype ?, April fT. 11f.-r.1.
In its general black coloration the llresent fly is most similar to speciessuch as
Motoph.ilus(Molopltilus) tttx'tit'rtlttt'Alexander and some others, differing especiallyin the hypopygial structure. This suggests the condition in M. (M.) polacanthus
Alexander where the basistyle is more evidently armed and modified.