o".
Rer'. de Entornologie,vol. 12, fasc. [-2, iulho t94f

l+q7

.g
rl

-1
,

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.I
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' I

(

Recordsand descriptionsof Tipulidaefrom
tropicalAmerica(Diptera)Parte lV

C u .l R I,E S P. AlnxANr ) ER

Rio tle Janeiro -BrasilfromtropicalAmcrica(Diptera)and descriptions
Recordsof Tipulidae
Part lV.
by Charles P. Alexander
Massachusetts
State College,Amherst, ilIns.s.
(With ? figures)

In the present report, I am discussing various spccies
of crane-flies from MiCdle America and f rom Trinidad. Thc
majoritr' of the new forms were includ.edin very extensive
series of these flies taken at and near Potrerillos, ()hiriqui,
P a n a m ai,n M a y 1 9 3 5b y M a c S r v a i n . A s m a l l e rn u r n b ew
r ere
included in large collections of Neotropical Tipulidae subm i t t e d t o r n e f o r d e t e r m i n a t i o nb y D r . H a n s Z e r r y ,containeclin the Vienna Museum. A few oth'er sourcts ofmaterial arc mentioned under the respectivespecies in the
text. Except where specifically indicated to the contrar\', thc
types of the noveltiesare preservedin my personalcollectionof these flies.

Ilev. de Entornologia,vol. 12, fasc. t-2, julho tg4t

323

Recordsof distribution
Tanypremna (Tan.vpremna) opilio osten sacken.
costa Rica:
Turrialba, Saptember26, lg2} (A. Alfaro); U.S.N.M.
Brach.l,premnudispellens (walker).
costa Rica: orotina, Seppanama:
tember 2, 1920 (A. Alfaro); u.s.N.M.
Barro coloraco, Decenrber22, 1928
February 14, lg2g (C. H. Curran); A.M.N.H.
Brachypremna candida Alexander. [)anama: Barro colorado,
December22, 1928 -- January 4, lg2g (C. H. Curran); A.M.N.H.
Brachyprennasimilis Williston. - I)ananra:Barro Colorarlo,January
9 , 1 9 2 9 ( C . I-i . C u rra n ); A .M.N.H.
pananra: France Field,
Brachypremna willtamsoni Alexantler.
Canal Zone, January 18, lg2g (C. H. Curran); A.M.N.I{.
Tipula macrosternaAlexan'.ler.- Honduras: La Libertacl,comay,
altitude 2500 feet, June t92B (J. B. Edward); M.C.Z.
Polymera (l'olymera) niveitarsls Alexan,Cer.- Costa Rica: Turrialba,
September 26, 1920 (A. Alfaro); U.S.N.M.
Polymera (Polymsyr) obsarra Macquart.
Panama: Gatun, December l2-11, 1912 (Zetek); U.S.N.M. Cabima, May 23, 191I (Busck);
U . S. N . M .
Polymera (l'olymerodes) coniuncta Alexander. - panama: Gatun,I)ecember 12, 1912, at light (Zetek); U.S.N.M.
panama: Barro co,
Lecteria ( I.ecteria) armillaris (Fabricius).
forado, July 1924 (Nathan Banks); M.C.z. water ca_v,Bocasdel Toro,
A u g u s t 2 7, 1 9 1 7 (A rcl Ol sso n) .
Teucholabis(Teucholabis) pleuralis AlexanCer. - Ciuatemala:Bananera, 1928 (J. l. white). costa Rica: Turrialba, SeptemberGlg,
1920; San Jose,September23, 1920; Tiribi, October 9, lg20 (A. Alfaro);
U.S.NJr{.
Toxorhina (Ceratocheilus)niveitarsls (Alexander). - Panama: Barro
Colorado, January ll, 1929 (C. H. Curran); A.M.N.H.
Toxorhina (Totorhina) centralis Alexander. - cuatemala: Bananera, 1928 (J. J. u(/hite).
The museumabbreviationsgiven above are standard for the major
institutionsin the Unitec States: AMNH, American Museum of Natural
History, New York; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambrirlge, Mass.; tJSNM, United States National Museum,lVashington.

D e s c r i p t i o n so f n e w s p e c i e s'li p u l a o r i z a b e n s i s , S p .n .
Belongs to the monilit'era group; antennae (male) about
trvo-thirds the length of the wing, the flagellum bicolored;
flagellar segments rvith stem long and slender, lvith longdelicate setae additional to the strong verticils; rvings pale
brown, variegated s'ith dark brown and rvhitish subhyaiine;
prearcular region not brightened; Rs relatively short, about
tu'ice Rr+r; abdominal tergites yellorv, rvith dark brorvn, sub-324

A l e xa n d e r,

Tipulidaefr or n tr opical Ar ner ica.IV.

latcral stripes; male hypopygium with the median area of
tergite slightly produced, deeply notched.
M a I e.
Length,about 14-15mm.; rving, 15-16lnm.;
ant€nna,about 10-10.5 mm.
F e m a l e . - - L e n g t h a, b o u t2 0 - 2 1m m . ; r v i n g ,1 9 - 2 0m m .
Frontal prolongationof head yellow above,dark brownon sides and beneath; nasus distinct; palpi black, the tipsof the second and third segmentsbroadly pale. Antennae(male) about trvo-thirdsthe length of rving; scapeand pedicel
pale yellovr';flagellar segmentsbicolored,the stem yellorv,
the large knob brorvnishblack; on the outer segmentscntirel_y
brownish black; stemsof intermediateflagellar segmentsmuch
longer and more slender than in zotzil; stems rvith lorg,mone delicate setae, much longer and more conspicuousthanpunctures. Head brownish gra)';in zotzil, from conspicu<.rus
front broad, more buffy; a capill,ary,dark brorvn vitta o,ll
vertex, more expanded in front.
Mesonotal praescutum rvith the capillary brorvn meCianlin.e and the setigerouspunctures of thc interspacesdistinct;
humeral and lateral portions of praescutumbrown; scutum
gray, the median region and each lobe patterned with brorvn;
scutellurn brownish testaceous,the parascutella dark brorvn,
this color continued caudad on sides of mediotergite,Ieaving
a pale central triangle, its point behind.Pleura yellou'. Haltereswith basc of stem yellorv, the remainder brownish black. Lcgs
with the femora yellow, the tips dark brown, the posterit-rr
femora somervhat darker; tibiae and tarsi passing throughbrown to black. Wings (Fig. 1) u'ith the ground color pale
brotvn, variegated rvith dark brorvn and u'hitish subhvaline;
pnearcular region narrower than in zotzil, not suffused rvithyellorv; cells C and Sc dark brown; white pattern :rbout asin zotzil but basal half of cell ,M more rvhitened,and thezigzag brightening at midlength of cell I st ,4 much reduced;
dark brown seams on m-cu and distal half of Ctt broad andconspicuous.Venation: Rs relatively short, about trvice thelength of R rr:r
Abdominal tergites yellow, with dark brorvn sublateral
stripes; hypopl'gium more irniformly dark brown. Male hypnpyglum rvith th,e median arca of the ninth tergite slightl.y
produced,divided by a lincar notch.

Habitat: Mexico.

Rev. de Entomologia, vol. 12, fasc. 1-2, julho 1941

Holotype,6, Orizaba,November1871 (D. Bilimek);
ViennaMuseum.

I 6, 1 ?,Allotopotype,?, June 1871.Paratopotypes,
with the holotype.

Tipultt bilimelci, sp.n., Yen_ation.Fig. l. Tipu.la orizabcseisr Bp.n., venation. - Fig.2.
Fi-. 3. Tipula trinitatin, sp.n.,
venation. - Flg. a. Teueholabis (Paratropesal- placabilie_,-Tcubhol,abis
spln.. venition. - Fic. 6.
lTeuehol-abisl hondurcncdr, ep.n., venation - Fig. 6.
Iipuia srinitatin, sp.i., male hypopygium. - Fig. 7.'I'eueholabie lTcueholabbl honduarri;r, lp.n', mal6 irypbpygium.-iEl-planetion of iymbole: c, aedeagus; b' baeistyle; il ,dististyle; od, outer dististyle , c' eternite i ,, tergite).

7'iputu orizabensis is the most northerly member of the moni'
lifera group yet discovered. It differs from the other Mexican speciesof the group, T. zotzit Alexander, in the charactersindicated throughout
the description. It is nrore distantly related to the Costa Rican T.
halloui Alexander.

Tiputabilimelei.,sp.n.

General coloration brownish gray, the praescutumrvithout

Stri

Alexander,

Tipulidaefrom tropiealAnrerica.
IV.

distinct stripes; .antennalflagellum brownish black; f,emora
brown,the tips narrorvlyand graduallybrownishblack; wings
brownish gray, cells c and sc abruptly dark bron,n; outerradial field and seamson anteriorand posteriorcor.lsconspicuously brown; narrow brorvnseamselsewhereon ..r,itlgl,eins;
Rr+, entirely atrophied; ovipositor with fleshy hair.v cerci.
Female.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 5 m m . ; r v i n g ,1 5 r n r n .
Frontal prolongationof head of moderatelength, gra],
above, brown on sides; nasus distinct; palpi brou,n. Antennae with scape and pedicel brownish yellorv, flagellurn
brorvnistrblack. Head with front and anterior vertex light
Eray, rvith a capillary dusky line on the latter; posteriorv€rtexdarker gray, with two large,subcircular,more brou'nishar€as on posteriorportion.
Pronotum brownish gra)'. Mesonotal praescuturnu.ith
disk virtuall-vcoveredby grayish brorvn,rvithout el'identdifferentiationof stripes,the lateral portions narron,lv lighter
gray; scutum and scutellumgrayish brou'n, the postnotum
clearer gray. Pleura gray, the dorsopleuralregion somelvhat
mone yellorvish.Halteres u'ith stem light brou'n, the knob
dark. Legs with th,e coxae gray; fore trochantersyellow,
remaining trochanterssomeu'hatdarker; femora brown, thetips narrowly and gradually brou,nishblack; tibiae and tarsi
brorvnishblack.Wings (Fig. 2) u'ith the groundcolorbrou'nishgray, somewhatbrightenedbeforethe cord and stigma; cells
C and Sc, together with the prearcularfield, abruptll' darkbrown; u'ing tip in outer radial field brou,n; stigma darkbrown; narrow brown seams and clouds at rrrigin of R.s
and on anterior and posteriorcords, interruptedat the forkof ful; still narro!\'erseamsat outer encl of cell t st M r,outer medial veins, and distal sectionof Cur; r'eins palebtown, darker in the clouded areas. Squamau'ithout setac.
Venation: Rr 2 entir,el_r'
atrophied; R1 in alignmerrt rvith theshort, lnearlj punctiform Rz; Rs of moderate length, subequal to the long m-cu; Mr-n \tery short, only aborrt onethird the basal sectionof Mr-r; cell 2nd A of moderateu'idth.
Basal abdominal tergite with central portions bro\\,n;beyond the secondtergite much darker, the extreme posteriorborders paler, the lateral margins broadly so; outer sternites
dark brou'n; subterminalsegmentsblackened;ovipositor reddish brown. Ovipositor fleshy, the cerci very reduced; hypovalvae longer, appearing as fleshy, denselv hair,v lobes.

Rer'. de Entomologia, vol. 1.2,fasc. t-2r julho 1941

:12?

Habitat: Mexico.

H o l o t y p e?, , O r i z a b aJ, u n e 1 8 7 1( D . B i l i m e k ) ; O l dcrllectionof the ViennaMuseum.
I am pleaseCto derlicatethis fly to the memory of the collector,
with ear lyD. B i l i me k,
w h o se n a me is intim ately associateC
Mr.
work on the entomology of Mexico. The speciesis very distinct in theand the structure of the opivositor.
combination of atrophied R r-z
parishigroup yet the relationshipdoes not
It appearsto be allied to theappear to be particularly close.

7'ipula trinitati.s, sp.n.
Allied to urophora; general coloratiottof thorax yellorv,
the pra€scutumwith scarcelydifferentiatedstripes; antennae(male) elongate,exceedingone-half the l'ength of the body,the flagellum bicolored; I'egsyellow; rvings yellowish brown,
the costal border darker, this coloration continuedto thewing tip; abdominaltergites brorvnishyellow, th'e sternites
clearer yellow; male hypopygiumrvith the caudal margin of
tergite transverse,r,vith two narrow submedianlobes; dististyles irregular in outline; lobes of notch of ninth sternite
pal,espatula.
a depressed
12 mm.: u'ing, 12.3 mm.; anLength, ab<-rut
M a I e.
tenna, about 7 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head polished yellorv; nasus
distinct; palpi rvith basal three segmentsbrownish y,ellow,
the terminal segment clear yellow with its apex ,narrowly
darkened. Antenna,e(male) elongate; basal three segments
yellow; succeedingsegmentsbicolored,the small basal enlargement brorvnishblack, the remainderyellorv; r)r outer
segmentsthe stem of segmentis a little darken'edbut still
the segmentis bicolorous;verticils much shorter than thesegments.Head brorvnishyellorv, the posterior orbits narrorvly gray.
Pronotum jellou'. Mesonotumalmost uniformly yello.u'
or buffy vellorv, the praescutumwith scarcelyCifferentilt'ed
stripes. Pleura uniformly pale yellorv. Halteres rvith stem
yellow, knob weakly darken'ed.Legs with coxae and trochanterspale yellorv; femora anC tibiae yellorv,the tarsi passing into brorvn.Wings (Fig.3) rvith the ground color yellowislt brorvn, the prearcularfield and costal border to therving tip darker brown, the latter involving the distal ,endsof all outer radial cells; stigma scarcely differentiatedin

328

A le x a n d e r, Tipulidae from tropical -{nrerica.ry.

color from the adjacentcells; cell sc a trifle more yellow thanctll C; outer branchesof Media very narrowly bordered bybrown; veins brownish yellow, darker in the clouded ar€as.
venation: R.s strongly arcuated; c€ll /w1 slightly longer thanits petiole; cell Mr at base nearly twice as wid,eur "irargin.
Abdominal tergites and hypopygium brou'nish vellow;
sternitesclearer yellow. Male hypopygium (Fig. 6) with flrecaudal margin of tergite, et, virtually transverse,q,ith tryc_rnArrorvsubmedianlobesthat are separatedfrom one anotherby a narrow median notch; lobes with conspicuous
blackened
setae,their puncturescontinuedbasad to opposite bottorrrof
notch. Dististyle, d, irregular in ouiline, of peculiar confonnation, as shorvn.Lobe of notch of ninth sternite,gs, a depress€d pale spatula.
. Habitat: Trinidad.
Holotyp€,6, Fyzabad,June 10, 1929 (N. A. U/.): throughParish.
The most sirnilar species is lipula uroTthoru Ale.xanrler,of golombia and Ecuador, which differs conspicuously in the details of
structure of the rnale hypopygium, and less eviclentlv in the colorationof the body ancl wings.

Orimarga( O r i m a r g u )n i g r o a p i c a l i s ,sp. n.

Belongs to the pattidibasisgroup; mesonotallrraescuttrm
gray, paling to rvhitish on margins; pleura palc ventrally,
with a conspicuous
blacken,eddorsal stripe; halteresunitornrly
pal'e; femora brou,nishyellorv, the tips broaclll' black: ribiae
dirty white to brorvnishwhite, the extrcme bases 'arrorvly
whit'e,the tips black; wings brownishy,ellow,rreinslrrorvnish
yellow, poorly visible against the groundi R:-: \'ery rong,
exceedingRz-ri m-cu about its own length before fork ,:fi M;
abdom'en dark brown, the caudal bordcrs ,f segments,
cspeciallyth,e sternites,more yellow.
F em a I c .
Length, about 10 tnm.; rving, 7.2 tnm.
Rostrum and palpi btack. Antennae w,ith scape [rlack,pedicel obscureyellorv; flagellum broken. Head iight grir.t/,
the posterior vertex a very little darker; anterior verrcx
narrow, lessthan the diam,eterof scape.
Pronotum pale gray above, dark on sides; pretergites
rvh-tc.Mesonotal
praescutumgro)'rpa.ilg to whitish ou rnargi.s;
posteriorscleritesof notum light gray, the mediotergitedarkcn'ecl.Pl€[ra rvith a conspicuous
black dorsolongitu.clinal
stripell.ev.de; Ilntomologia, vol. [2, fasc. L-2,julho l94l

329

rxtending from the cervical sclerites, across the propl'eura,toand including the anepisternum;beyondthis point paler and illdelimited; ventral pleural areas and dorsal pleuro-tergitepaler.
Halteres uniformll' pale yellou'. Legs rvith th'efore,coxaedarkctted, the others pale; trochantersobscure yellolv; fernora obscure y'ellorv basally',passing into brolvnish yellorv, the tips
black; tibiae dirty rvhite to bror'vnish
broadly and conspicuousl_v
white, the basesnarro\\'l.vclear white, the tips broadly black,inamount subequal to the darkened femoral tips; posterior
tibia,e and all tarsi clearer rvhite. Wings rvith a brownish
1'ellow tinge, slightly clearer on basal portions but not
abruptly rvhitened,as in pallidibasis; veins brorvnish yellorv,
poorly visible against the ground. Venation: Rs relatively
short, subequal to R.--, i Rr-r verv long, exceedingRr-,rj
m-cu. about its o\r'n length befor'e fork of ,M.
Abdomen dark brown, the caudal borders of the segrnents, especiallyof the sternites, mor,e yellow.
Habitat: Panama (Chiriqui).
Holotyp€, ?, Potrerillos,altitud,e3,000 feet, May 14, l9'3t(MacSwain).
Orimargu (Orimargal nigroapicalis is alliei to O. (O.) e.vccssivc
Alexan<ler,of Venezuela.and O. (O.) pallidittasis Alexander, of Antazonian I)eru, dif fering f ronr both in the coloration of the bod.-vand
rvings. In excessii,rt,the rvings are trniforrnly suffused with brorvn,
u'ith the veins conspicuousand rvell-delimitedagainst the ground; inpallidibasis, the cells be1'ond the arculus arc w'eakh' clarkencd. thc
p r e a r c u la r fi e kl i s .rh ru p tl y r vhite.
t, pi phragma

lEpiphrugma) oiltpltileuca,

sp. n.

Generai coloration of ntesonotum reddish brou'll, thelrorders broadly and conspicuouslyblack; antennae yellowo
t-ith four subterminalsegmentsblackened,the tn'o <luterscgrnents long. rvhite; pleura black, rvith a conspicuous,dorsoIonsitudinal palc stripe; haltcres rvith knobs infuscated;legs
yellou'; u,ings brolvnish yellou', u'ith a darker brorvn ocelliform pattern; abdomenbrou'nishblack; male hypopygiumri'ith
the interbasesvery strongly recurveCat their apices;.retleagus
narrorvedoutu'ardl,v,the apr]\ cleeplysplit into trvo slenderlobes that are separate:iby a long-oval notch.
Length, about 7.5 mm.; n'ing, 8 nlnl.; ,rLtlM aI c.
t c n n a ,a b o u t l . b m m .
Rostrum and palpi brorvn.Antennaeshort, l4-segmented,
of flagellum short; basal segments.r'ellorv,
thc fusir)n-segment

33o

A l e x a n d e r , ' I i p u l i d a e f r o r n t r o p i c a l A r n e r i c aI.V .

th'e terminal two flagellar segm.entswhite, with the preoeding
four segments (nine to twelve, inclusive) bron'nish black;flagellar segmentselongate, with long conspicuousverticils;
hvo outermost segm,entslonger than the others. Heal buffy
bron'n, rvith a capillary, mor'J or less impresseddusk_ymedianvitta.
Pronotum narrorvly black in front, broadly olrscurervhite
behind, this color continuedcaudadonto the lateral pretergites
and dorsopleuralregion as a conspicuous,pale, dorsolongitudinal stripe. Mesonotalpraescutumreddish brorvn,the cephalicand lateral margins broadly and conspicuouslvblack; a capillarv median dark vitta on praescutumand less evident shorter
lateral lines before suture; scutal lobes reddish llrou'n; scutellum dark, a littlc brightened at base, parascutellablackenecl:
mediotergitedark, rvith a pale v-shaped pattern, this beirrg a
post'eriorextensionof the pale dorsal stripes. Pieura abruptlv
black, the color including all but the narro\!' apices of all
coxae. Halteres with stem pale, apices of knobs infuscated.
Legs u'ith coxae as described; trochanters rvhitish; femora
obscureyellorv, virtually unpatterned,the extreme tips a littl,emore rvhitish; remainder of legs light yellon,. Wings withthe ground color brorvnish vellorv, the prearcular and costal
portions someu'hat clearer yellou'; cul:ital and outer radial
fields rvith the ground morc washed with brown; a conspicuous, darker brolvn, ocelliform pattern, rvith rings centelingof Rs, anteriorand posteriorcords,fork of M, 11ard llrokcnh'
at arculus;stigma soliClydarkened;longitudinalvcins bevondA41rvith a brorvn marginal spot borderecllly palc, the latter
delimitectby a more or less complete brorvn semicircle;asingl'edark cloud in cell cu be.yondmidlength, cxclu'Jingthe
outer darkening"; cell 2ni A rvith about six linear marginal
dashes; veins obscure yellow, darker in the clouded areas.
Venationi m-ilt. at near one-third the length r-rfcell Ist M-.
AMomen brou'nish black; hypopygium somervhatbrightened. Male hypopygium with the tergal lobes conspicuous,separated bl, a broad V-shaped notch. Outer dististyle withapical spinc strongl.yrecurved, before apex on outer rnar.q'in
rvith a low rough'enedflange, rvith additionaltubercles.Inncr
dististyl'elonger, appearingas a conspicuousllattened bladeu'ith apex obtusely rounCed.Interbaservith till ver-\'strongly
recurveclinto an apical spine, res,emblinga sh:phcrd's crook.
A'edeagusnarrowed outu'ardly, at apex split into tivo slenderRev. de lJntotnulogia, vol. 12, fasc. L-2,julho 19-11

3ill,

lobes, separatedby a long-oval incision, thc tips of lobes
contiguous.
Habitat: Panama (Chiriqui).
H o l o t y p e , 6 , P o t r e r i l l o s a, l t i t u d e 3 , 0 0 0 f e e t , M a . l ' 2 0 ,1 9 3 5( M a c S r v a i n ) .
I.piphragma (ETtiphrugma) anphileuca is verv distinct from thenumerousother Neotropicalmembersof tlte genus.The antennalpattern,
unmarke:l legs, and structure of the male hypopygitrm, especiall-yof
the interbase and aedeagus,furnish the rnost significant charactersfor
differentiation of the species.

E pi phragma( E p i p h r a g m . ian)n q t t i c i n c t u ,sp. Ir-Oeneral coloration of mesottotal praescutllm reddish
brown; antennae black, the basal and apical segrnentsof
flagellum pale; pleura brou'nishblack; halteresdusky; fore
coxaepale at baseand apex,narrorvlyringed rvith dark brownat rnidlength;middle and posteriorc()xaedark brorvn,theirtips y€llou'; femora obscure lrrou'nish yellotr', beyo^rd'mid'length darkening to an illdefined ring; a broad black subterminal ring, precededand follorvedby much narroweryeilow;
annuli; tibiae anC tarsi _vellow;u'ings pale brown, variegatedby dark brorvn areas that are narrowly borderedby yellowish white; abdominaltergites black; malc hypopygiumwith
the tergal lobes triangular, their tips pointed.
Length, about 9-10 mm.; rving, 8-q.5 mm-i
M a I e.
antenna,about 2-'2.2mm.
Rostrum brou'n; palpi black. Antennae relatively short,
black; basal fusion segment of flagellum light yellorv; terminal segmentpaling to rvhitc; flagellar segmentselongatecvlinclrical,rvith long verticils.Head reddishbrorn'fl,the vertex
u'ith a narrow dark llrown median line that is expandedon
the posterior t,t'rtex anC occiput.
Pronotum reddish hrorvn, rvith a capillar,vdark vitta.
Mesonotalpraescutumchiefl.vcoveredby reddishbrorvnstrip'es,
th,e broad lateral margins and a capillary median line dark
broq,n;scutallobesand scutellumdark reddishfurorvn;mediotergitc dark, pruinose.Pleura brorvnishblack, variegatedb.v
sparsc patchesof gray pruinositv. Halter'esdusky, tire bascof stenr restrictedlypaler. Legs with the fore coxae pale atbase anciapex,rvith a n,arrowdark ring at midlength; rnidclle
and posterior coxae dark brorvn, the tips pale yellow; troChantersobscureyellou'; femora obscurebrownish yellorv on

332

Alerander,

tipulidae front tropical Aurerica.IV.

more than basal half, a little darker outwardly to form avague dark ring beyond riridlengthof segment;iruter portionof femora clear yellorv, including the apex and an €qual
subterminalring, these latter enclosingan unusually broad
black annulus; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the former a trifle
darker. wings with the ground color pale brorvn, variegatedby dark brorvn areasthat are narrowly border,edby yellou,ishrvhite; dark areas appearingchiefly as more or less complete
cross-bands,the first postarcular,extending from c to veln
I st A; second band virtually traversing the wing, rvith .rrl
ocellifornrring at origin of Rs,. thir.c band at cord; in theparatype,the dark marginal areas are broken into spots: inholotype,these more extensiveand continuousin cells flear
wing-tip; r.einsbrown,a little paler in the grounclareas.Venation: nt-cu more or less oblique, more than its ()wn length
beyond fork of M.
Abdominaltergitesblack; sternitespaler, r'ariegatednear
outer lateral portions by paler. Male hypopygium u.ith thelobes of tergite triangular, rvith pointed tips, separatedby ^V-shapednotch. Inner dististylebroad,the apex obtuse.Interbasc with tips recurvedinto acute points.
Habitat: Panama,Costa Rica.
Holotype.6, Potrerillos,chiriqui, Panama,altitude300()
f t ' e t ,M u ) ' 2 0 , 1 9 3 5( M a c S u , a i n ) . P a r a t y p e6, , C a h u i t a ,( - o s t aR i c a a, t s e a - l e v e[ )l e
, c e m h e1r1 , t g 2 0( A r c l ( ) l s s o n ) .
( ) t h e r s p c c l c s o f I p i l h r a g m , t r v i t l r t h e I r ( ) i l nI c o l o r t . , f t l r c w ' i n q
p a l e b r o r v n . t h e d a r k a r e a s b o r d e r e t l b v p a l c . r c l l o s . r n c l u r l i n g|,r,iphragna(Lpiphragmul labricii Alexarv.lerand I. /t.t'ttckeni \\'illiston. arereadil-v told bv the coloration of the mesonolal praescutunr and legs,.
antl b-r' thc unbrigfrtened terminal iLymcnt of tlrc flagcllurn.
E Jti Jtli ru gma/Ep.;phrugnla)i r t r t r tu c u l i

1ies,

sp.

n.

Mesonotum reddish brorvn, the latcral rnargins clarkcr;
antennaerrvith fusion segment of f lagellum orange--ycllow,
the remainderof flagelluni black; a triinsverse,obscure,r,c-llow,
band across anterior half of scutum and extreme postc-rior
portion of praescutum; pleura variegated dark brow'n andgray; halteres dusky; legs brou'nish yellorv, the fenrora notr)r scarcely brightened at tips; rvings grayish subhy'aline,
heavily patterned rvith brown; areas in costal cell soliclly
darkened, u'ith narrow, darker brown borders; trvo trrownareas in cell 2ntl A, additional to the one ert end of theRev. de Entomologia, vol. 12, fasc. l.-2,julho t94L

333

vein; abdorninaltergitesdark brorvn,the caudalmarginsnarrou'ly grayish.
Length,about 10-10.5mm.; rving, 12 mm.;
M a I e.
antenna,about 3 mm.
Rostrumgray pruinose;palpi brownish black. Antennae
rvith scapebrownish black, gray pruinose;pedicel brorvnish
black; fusion segmentof flagellum orangeyellow, remainderof flagellum brownishblack.Head reddishbrorvn,variegatedon' vertexby dark brorvn,forming a median,linethat is moreor less dilated at anterior end and again at midlength to form
cr()ssareas.
Pronotum buffy, narrowly dark brown on central portionof anterior notum. Mesonotal praescutum chiefly covered byreddish brown stripes that become mone grayish lrrown on
posterior half of sclerite, the lateral borders and humeral
region blackish brorvn; a narrowly transvers,eobscure yellow
band across the anterior half of scutum, likewise involr,'ing
the extr,eme posterior portion of praescutum before sutur'e;scutellumdark brorvn,the posterior border paler; rnediotergitev,er)' narrowlv dark brown on anterior border, the posterior
third similarly darkened,the broad intermediatesection moregray pruinose. Pleura variegated dark brown and Eray, thedorsal half chiefly brorvn, the ventral portion more grayish,
each variegated by the opposite color. Halteres dusky, thebase of stem yellolv. Legs rvith th,e coxae gray, the outerends dark brown; trochantersobscureyellow; f,emorabrownish yellow, darker outwardly, in cases rvith the extreme tips
a little brightened; tibiae obscur'eyellorv, th,e extreme base*'hitened; tarsi yellow, th,e outer segnrentsa little dark.er.
Vings grayish subhyaline, heavily patterned with brown, theaneas very insensibly bordened by clearer subhyaline; darkmarkings in costal fied narrorvly bordered by still darker
brorvn; dark ar'eas in cell C without pale centers, as in.solairix; pattern of rving much as in solatrix but u'ith two
hrou'n areas in cell 2nd A, additional to the cloud at the tipof v'ein 2nd A; veins brou'n, a little paler in the groundar€as. Venation: Sr., unusually long; vein R3 extended,cells
R" and Rr at margin subequal in extent or the latter a ver-ylittle longer; m-cu at near basal fifth of cell lst ,W,.
Abdominal tergites dark bron'n, the caudal rnargins narrorvly grayish: sternitestestaceousy,ellow,the outer segments
darkened laterally; hypopygium brownish yellorv. Male hypo-ll31,l 'l e xa n d e r,

T ipulidae fr onr tr opical Ar ner ica.IV.

pygium with the lobes of tergite pointed at apex. Interbases
sinuous,the tips recurvedinto spines.
Habitat: Panama (Chiriqui).
Holotype,$, Potrerillos,altitud'e3,000feet, Ma_y14, 1935
(MacSwain).
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) inmaculipes somervhat resernbles E.
(8.) solatrix (Osten Sacken), in the general pattern of the legs andwings but is a distinct species.The pattern of the mesonotum,pleuraand abdoriren,as rvell as the details of distribution of rving markings,
readily separate the two flies.

t , P o [ . y m e r a ( P o l y m e r ac) h i r i q u i e n s i s ,sp. n.

Mesonotumre:ldish brorvn,the dorsal pleuritesabruptly
black; antennaeof male black,approximatelytrvicethe lengthof body; femora pale brorvn, a little more darkenedbefore
thc extremetips rvhich are vaguely brightened;tarsi obscure
1'ellorv;lvings rvith a brown tinge; Sr relatively short, 5?t
ending before fork of R ,- , -r, the latter short, about onethird the length of either R.s or R, s; m-cu beyond forkof M.

L e n g t h ,a b o u t 1 m m . ; r v i n g ,5 m m . ; a n t e n n a ,Male.
about 8 mm.
L e n g t h ,a b o u t 5 m m . ; w i n g , 5 . 5 t n r n .
Female.
Rostrumand palpi black.Ant'ennae(male) black throughont, approximatelytwice the length of body; flagellar segments binodose.In female,antennaemuch shorter,as usualin genus. Head dark gray.
Mesonotumrich re:ldish brou'n, r'irtualll' unmarked,thepretergitesobscureyellorv.Pleura on dorsal llortion occupiedb) , broadblack longitudinalstripe extendingfrom the cervicalregion to the abdomen,passingbeneaththe root of halteres;
ventral pleura and sternum abruply light y'ellorv.Halteres
rvith stem pale, knob weakly darkened.Legs with the coxae
ancl trochantcrs pale yellow; femora Pale brown, a little
darker immediatelybefore the vaguely brightened extreme
tips; tibiae pale brorvn, the tips narrowly darkened;tarsi
obscureyellorv,the outer segmentsdarkened.Wings rvith abrorvnishtinge; veins anC macrotrichiadarker. Venation:Sc
relativelyshort, Sr,. ending before fork of R r-,-r, the latter
short, about one-third the length of either R.s or Rg-;i rn ctr

distinctlvbevondfork of M.

Rev. tle Entornologia,vol. 12, flase.l-2, julho 1941

335

Abdominal tergites bro\,\'nishblack; stcrnitesmore bror,vnish yellorv; hypopygiumblack.
Habitat: Panama (Chiriqui).
Holotype, $, Potrerillos,altitude 3,000 feet, Ma-r,15, 1935
( M a c S r v a i n ) . A l l o t o p o t y p eq, )Polymera (lrolymera) chiriqutensis is rnost sinrilar to P. ( P.)inornata Alexander and P. (P.) pulchricornis Alexancler, both of British()uiana. lt is distinguished from the former by the conspicuousblackp l e r r r a l s t r i p e a n d b y t h e v e n a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l _tyh e v e r y s h o r t R : ? ,- 4 ;the latter species ltas the tarsi llro,vvn an'.l vein R r-:l*+ is relativel;rlong, approxirnately one-half the length of Rs.

'l'eucholabis( P a r a t r o p c s np )l u c a b i l i s , s p . n .

General coloration black, u'ith strong purplish reflexions;pronotum-yellorv;pteropleuraland meral rcgionspale; knobsof halteres yellorv; fore femora rvith more than outer third
black, the remaindcr of femora yellorv; rvings subhyaiine,
banded rvith brown, including a broad apical fascia and anarrower one at cord; r'cin R,' erect; cell lst -14,long andnarrow; a long fusion of veins R; and Mr_., ; abdorninal
segmcntsblack,the caudalrnarginsof tergitesnarros'ly vellow,of the sternitesmore broadly so.
Length, about 6.5 mm.; rving 5.7-5.Emm.
Fem aI e.
Rostrum dark brou'n; palpi black. Antennac u'ith scapeand pedicel brownish yeilou', fiagellum black; ilagellar segmt:nts long-oval. HeaC black, the front and anterior vertex
mor,e reddish brown to yellou'.
Pronotum light yellow, its scutellum black. Mesonotum
black, rvith strong purplish reflexions, the posterior ,lateralanglesof the scutal lobes pale yellorv.Pleura purplish black,the dorsopleuralmembrane pale; pteropleuritc rvhitish, rvith
pale setae; meral region palc yellow. Halteres black, theknobs rvhite. Legs rvith the fore and middle coxae yellorv,
posteriot'coxae black; trochantersyellorv; [ore femora yelloiv
on more than basal half, the dilated apical portion black;tibiae anci tarsi black; middle and hind femora and tibiae
yellow; basitarsibrorvnishyellorv at proximal enC, the remainderof tarsi h'ack. Wings (Fig. 4) rvith the ground coiorsubhvaline,bandedrvith palc brorvn,including a narrotffband
at cord, beginning at the darker brorvn stigma, together withln apical fascia u'hose inner eJge lies at m and R:r; a rveak
tlarkening at arculus and in basal portion of cell Cu,,;

386

AIexander,

T i p u l i r l r e f r o m t r . l p i e a lA m e r i c a .I V .

veins pale bron'n, darker brown in the cloudedportions,Sc
more yellorv. Venation: Sc, ending opposite origin of Rs,'
R2 rr€ry close to fork of Rs, in cases,slightly b.efonethe
fork; vein Ri1er'ect;a long fusion of veins R5 and ,Mt-z; L\ell
I st fuln long and narrow, nearly as long as cell R; beyond
it; m-cu at fork oI tl(.
Abdomen black, the tergites rvith their caudal borders
narrowly pal'e yellow, much more extensiveon the sternites
r*'heremore than the distal half is included;genital segment
yellorv.
Habitat: Costa Rica.
Valley of thc General,altitude
Holotype, ?, Pedr,egoso,
2 . , 0 7 5f e e t , J a n u a r y1 9 3 9 ( R n u n d s ) . P a r a t o p o t l ' p tL' , a l titud'e 2,300 feet.
Alliecl to'feuchol.ubis (Parotropesa) col[uris (()stcn Sackcn) antl
sirnilar forms, differing in the coloration of the bod-r',legs and wings,
the long narrorv cell /sl .lI, and the erectand in the venation,especiall._v
v e i n R r.
Teuthotu bis( ' l - e u c l t o l u b : sh1 o n d u r e n s i s ,sp. n.

General coloration reddish, heavilt' patterned with black:antennae black throughout; head dark gray; mesonotal praescutum almost covered by' black stripes; scutellum and postnotum black; halteres with apex of knob pale vellow; legsu'ith the femora obscure J'ellorv,blackenedat tips: llosterior
su'ollen black ring at near miCtibiae (male) u'ith a slightl_1'
length; u'ings palc vcllorv, slightl-r'patternedu'ith pale brorvn,
appearing as ill-defined bands: Sr: long; altdomett u'ith tergites and hypop-ygiumblack, the sternitesmore reddi;h; malea strong curved
hypopygium rvith the apical lobe of basist_vle
spine clothedwith abundantsetae; aedeagttsbearing a slend'er
curv,edblack spine.
Lengtha, bout 7 rnnl.: u'ing, 7.5 lnm.
Male.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughottt;
flagellar segmentsoval to long-oval.Head dark gray; anteriorvertex relativelv narro\\'.
Pronotum and pr,etergit'esobscure orange yellou. Mesonotal pracscutumchiefly polished black, the humeral regiort
obscure .vellou',prolonged into poorly indicated interspacts
that separatethe ground areas except near the suture; scutal
lobes black, the median afea deep reddish brorvn; scutellum
black, parasctttellabrorvnishblack; postnotumblack. Propleura

Rev. d.e Entomologia, vol. 12, fasc. l'2, julho 1941337

recldish.Mesopleurablack, the meral and adjoining regions
more recldish;ventral pleuriteswith a poorly indicatedgrayish longitudinalstripe, comprisedof appressedsetae.Halteresbrown, the apex of knob pale yellow. L;egswith coxael,v'eakly
blackenedon outer face, mone reddish behind and beneath;yellorv,the tips blackened;trochantersyellorv; femora obscur,etibiae obscur,ey,ellow,the tips passing into black; posterior
tibiae with a slightly swollen blackenedring at and justbeyonclmidlength; tarsi black. Wings (Fig. 5) rvith a very
pal,eyellorv ground color, slightly patterned with pale [rrown,
including a narrow, more or less broken band at level oforigin o{ Rs, one at the cord, and a third band that includes
the narrowly darkened wing-tip in the outer radial field;
outer encl of cell I st M, and veins beyondit more narrorvly
scamedwith pale brown; stigma oval, darker brown; veinsbrown, more brighten,eCat extr'eme rving-base.Venation:
Sr long, Scl ending nearly opposite three-fifths the lengthof ,(s, Sr, a short distancefrom the tip of Sc1; R2 subetlual to R r-r-r; anterior branch of Rs generally parallel
to posterior branch until outer end; m-cu about one-thirtl
its length beyond fork of M.
Abclominaltergites black, the caudal borders of internediate segmentsvaguely more reddish; basal sternitesmorc
reddish; hypopygiumblack. Male hypopygium(Fig. 7) withapical lobe of basistyle,b, a porverful, broad-basedspinethat is very strongly bent upoil itself, the apex acute andblackened;surfaceof lobe with abundantlong delicatesetae.
Outer dististyle, od, a long gently curved rod that llarrows
to a short black point, on outer margin at near one-third
lhe length with a stout black'enedspine or spinous flange'
tnner dististyl,ewith outer blade bidentate,the teeth widely
separated.Aedeagrs,,s, bearinga rvide flagge that is produced
outwardly into a long curved black spine, more basally bearing three very long anJ one smallersetae'
Habitat: Honduras.
H o l o t y p €6, , M i n a sd e O r o ( J . 8 . E d w a r d s ) ; M u s e u mof ComparativeZoology, Cambridge.
feucholabis ('i auchot.abis)hond.urensisis allied to T. (1.) oteroi
Alexander, ancl reiatec forms, differing conspicuouslyin the coloratio:rlegs and rvings,and in the structureof the male hypopl'gium'of the bocl-y,a