( k , u. 2aaLa, L t1 h ., x tx , 3 ).

lA PLtu h

lt ht,br.

!,j4).

Recordsand Descriptions
ol tropical Alrican Crtrne-Flies(Tipulidae, Diptera).
B!

C u , \ n I , e sP . A L E XANDER.{gricuLtural{M4$8lh!fttt3

coleBc),PART IV.
The preceding part urder tlG getrela1 title was pubfshed in theRelue Zool,og;que Arkeinz,
volwne XIV, in 1926. The material
albcussed at this time is contained in extensive sedes ol Atrican
Tipdidae contahed in tle British Mtlse1ll3r, kiadly loaned Ior study
by l[' EDwaRDs, and ia tie Museum of tne B€lgian Corgo, tlroughtle kird interest of Dr ScEou.rEDEN. A single additioaa_1 sljecieswa^sirlduded itr lraterial lrom the Ml1seunr of Natura.l Eistory itr
Paris, received tirough M. Sr:Gv].. I {dsh to extend my deep thanks
to all of the above melltiotred etrtomologist's, as wel as to tle individualcollectots o{ tle qatedal metrtioned herehaiter. ?he location of
the tr?es is metrlioned in the case of tie individual species. Keys
to the Ethiop;an speeies ir tne ge\era. Ehlhantahryia afi Grclko'

TIPUI,INAE.
G€nus Tipula.Tipulanceladoptera,I,nINAEuS.

sp. q.

Subaptercus, at least ir1 tfte female sex; general colotation

clark

^
-. 136 brown; antennae and raxilary pa.lpi reduced j legs and halteles
black j wings black, about twice the rength of tle ha.ltercs.
Femala. - I-.eng$ about rr mm. ; widg 3:3 n1Irx.
Frontal prolorgation of head dark btoim; relatively short atrd stout,
ile rasus represented by a lew stout sEtae; maxillary palpi short,the basal tlree segments subbqtal, the last s€ment iedaced to asmal oval knob. Antennae (Fig. r) shorter thatr the head, apparently
bnly ro:segmetrted, the outer flagellat se$neats decreasirg itr size
iad becoming greatly crowded; scape obscure broe'4ish J..ellow,
the flageli]]xr passirg hto dark brc r1. Head obscure yeliow, polliros€
irurrourdirg. tlrc a]'€, tlle rcmahder of tle lead dark brcr,en ; vertical tuberde very large anal conspicllous, $afioweal in trcrt, entire.
Eead dosely applied to prothorax, the aouth ie an irferiot position.
Pronotu!
tra.rrovr, browlish black. M€sonotum unifomly dar!
browr1, tLe pleurotergite mote yellowish brown. Pleura yellowish
brown, tlrc reduced stemopleurite vari€gated wlth dark brom.
Ealteres black. I,egs witn tlrc fore coxae very large, all coxae darLbrowr; tloc}lanters obscure ye1low basaly, broadly dark brown attips ; remaiader of legs b1ack, short arld relatively stoul. Wings(9) rcduced ii size, somewhat steroptemus, nearly trvice the lengthoI tle halteres, uniiomly blacLe[ed ; costal margin greatly incnssated and densely setilerons ; nore oI veins behind R wit! macrotri&ia ;obliterative areas along the cod relatively distirct. Vsration gteatly
distorted but shovridg Rz rs longer than Rr ; a. large ce1l lst M' witl
m-cu belote midlengtn; vei:rs beyond tne cord in most part quite
atrophied.
AbdofteD of t1'1)e gravid vritb eggs, almost ertirely blackened,
including the o!'1posltor; extreme caldal tnargirc of segments pale.
Oyipositor 'lsith tle tergal valves relatively -short, nearly stiaight,
only slightly darrowed outwarauy to the obtose tips ; sternal valvesmuch shorter and deeper.
Aar. Cape Colony.
Holotyq,. 9, Port St. Joln, Poadoland, October 1923. (R. E.
T!'R.\4R).
t)ae in the British Museula, No rg23 - 54j.
This very curious fly is placed in the genus Zifuk only provisionally.
The otler Soutl A{rican subapterous Tipuline crane-tries belong
to t}.e getLl$ Lon gulia (chiofloidesLt exA\rD6R,rniclalr#lrAr8:aNDrR)
and it is possible that the present speci€s Fill likewise be lollnd to
bdot\g to Longario ot some gerus other tlan Tilrra. The species Gvery s/ell distitrguished in t.he I€male sex by tle combiaati6l oI featurcs aliagros€d above.

Jl)"

J,IMONIINAE.
tlenus Llmonia
Limonia

MErG!l{.

(Limonia) infausta, sp. n.

Belongs to the ntetaturscl,ba group; mesonotum shi{y browirish
black; pleura chiefly I'ellow; posterior tarsi exteDsively snowy
wlite; wirgs witl1 a strong browlr srffusion ; S, and ce1l ./st ,t{, long jmale h4opygium with the mediar region of the teryite only slighdy
M&le. - Ler]eth about 7 lnm. j wing 6.5 mm.
Roslrum and palpi .loall, black. AnlcnEae btack rbrouehour.
moniliJorm: basal nagelar segmeElssubglobular. wirh short;picat
necls that are chiefly dark-colorcd; out€r seSments more etongate
but smail. Eead polish€d black.
Mesonotrm shiny brovmish black. Pleura chiefly yellow, the propleura ard postnotal pleurotergit€ dad< ; do$o-pleural reAion du;ky.
Halteres relatively 1ong, brownish black, tle base of tne stem pa1e.
I,egs wit& the fore coxae dusLy, the remainder light yellow ; femora
browdsh bla&, the bases traftowiy obscure yeilow ; tibiae and ta$i
blac!, the posterior ta6i $rith segmerts one and two v,/hite, ircludhq
the setae : claws lon8 aDd simple. Wings wirh a stroDg broqm sutiusion,
the stigma rot indicated; veiru browaish black; costal {ringe (d)relatively long :!nd compicuods. Venatiotr: .S. retativdy long, Sc,
ending about opposite thre€-fourths tie long .Rs, Sr, at its tip ; cell
1s, ,41r relatively long and narrow, the lower face more tlan ore-lalf
Io\ger tha'n n cu.
Abdometr chi€fly brown, tle lateral margins of the teryit€s somewhat darke! i posterior margias oi the segmenrs naFowly ringed\fith pale. Male h}?opyglull(Fig. 2) v.ift the tergal region (9 t)large, the caudal median portioir protuberent but l1ot proddced
into an elongate fi1bercle, as i\ lilestonei AI.IXANDIR. Basistyle (r)with tlle ventro-mesal lobe narrowed to an ac1lt€ spinous point.
DGtistyle (d) single, as in the group, narrowed to a short chitinous
point; the fla.ttened rostlal exte$ion L€s the outer apical margin
blackened and s€rulate, the inner apicale angle produced ioto asharp chitirxized s?ine ; opposite iace of distGtyle with a iarge oval
pale area set v.it! two porrerful setae. conapophyses elongate,&uroreed to the subacute tips.
-AaD. Bdgiar Congo.
Holotyqe, &, Sts,rrleyville (Dr Moucrll1).
Type jn the British Museu$, Nd a92? -226.

:l.rrr

r1l

Fig'

FrS,
I

Closcly allied to L. (1,.) mztatarsalba(ATEXaNDER)o{ Cameroltn.
differing cbicfly in the details oI coloration of the body, the moreelongate Sc and the long cell lsl Ms. The structure of the male hlpopyginnr is distinct fron Z. (2.) lirestonei Lr.&xaxDER., of liberia in
tl1e reductiotr of tle tergal tubercle. The hnopygium of the t]?€ ofinfauala Is slightly it\i'jled in the tergal region but it lIlay b€ a-tJirmed
tlat tle median region ls rnerely protuberent, not proatuceal intoa long digititorm lobe, as ]n iirtstonai.. The details oI structure of tl1e
male hl,?opygium in tlis group oI Linobi.a are of unusual int€iest,
characterized especia.llyby the slendemess of the dististyle and ventromesal iobe of the basistyle, both of which ar€ narowed into acutechitinous points. Other pecrliarities are ia the flatteneal, $lbquadrateroskal prolongation of tie dististyle and the presence on the sameorgan of tvro modified enlarged s€tae, these latter possibly homoloBous$iLb the usuai rostral spiDes,but. iJ 'o. occupying a \ery uaiquepo€ition.

fe' I

Limonia

frC.{

frC.6
"

,-:"r:r-*

.

ij:
:::

:

il i

= i'ileagls;

b-1.,t,,.
L,monia-:'**,e,,LimMr.rbai,tvleid - disristyte;

i -i,r€ir*err-)lr.n. . her4.n.er1,turEd.

Inrau{a.!

u. Dare !rpopysim.

;.;;"J:"J}:'i,jJ;:"';,"::
tnT". u"*o'"',**'"''""
i.l::" "' ::::::i:1"'"*"" "'-'" "-#3:J':i?l[;;,;' ;Jjil;il:':,,,t;:;^:t,JI1'fJ'T;.n,",,_(Limonta) pondoensis, sp. n.

General coloration light ye11ow, the plaescut1rn wit! a medianbrown line; do$al tioracic pleurites ds-rkened; knobs of lalteresdark blown ; legs yellow ; wings yellowish Srey, witl a heaw darkbrowt pattem ; abdoraiaal segmerxts bicolorous.
t emak. - I,ength abonL T rurl j $rhg 6.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi bro$nish blac!. Antennae dark brov.n, the outei
flagellar segments paler, norc brownish yelow; basal four or five
Ilagellar segmerls large, subglobular, tl1e succe€ding segmerts more
elollgate. Fmnt ard arterior vert€x silve.y, the posterior portions
oI the head more yellowish grey.
Pronotum obscure yellow, darLer laterally and in front. Mesonotal
praescutlrm light yellow, v.ith a single median brown strip€ thatwid€tls slightly behind; scutal lobes light yellow, tbe :nedian area
apparently darker, but iDjured by the piir; scutelk& bronaisl
ydlow, bloadly darker brolm basally; postDotum light broy,n,the artero-lateial portions darker. Plellra witltr the dorsal hall broadly
if{uscated to form a lotrgitudirul stripe, the vertral piel]rites corxspicuotsly light yellow. Ha-lteres pale ye1low, the knobs dark brow:r.
I,egs l8ht ye[ow, t]e tendnal talsal segmeits a lit[e darkened;daws trearly simple, except at base. Wings (Fig. 15) yellovdsh grey,
the costal region clearer yellow ; a hear.rydark brown pattern a.rre$ged
as in tle {igure, i(duding major areas at origirl of Rs, JorL of Sc,
stigrna, outer edls of radfu.l cells, seams a1otrgcord and outer end ofcell .lsl Mr and as malgilla] seams,the latter in most instances restric.
ted to spots ; axitlary region darkened ; e3te$sive pale brorrr1 washes''in cells R, M ard basesoI Cr, I st A
2rjd A : veins da* brown.
^ndendirg about opposite
r. s, aDd R pale yellow Venation S,
mid,lergth of Rs, Sd, at its tip ; Rs strongty angulated at origin ; flee
tip ot Sc, in alignment v.ith Rr, bottr pate, witi a short +ur ol
Rl +, jutting beyond;,h-r& shortl-v beJore t]le fork of M;vein 2 lbent ratbe! strongly into tle dnal Inarsir.
Abdominal segmenls bicolorous, dark brov.,:x lateral1y and posteriorly except for a very nanow pate (audal nargin m each segment
beyond the first; median basal areas of segnoents browaGh yellow,
tle amourt decreasing on the outer segments ; basal stemites more
uniformly light yellow, the o$ter segnaents mar]<ed morc like thetergites. G€nital segmert yellow, the apex oI tle basal portion ol
tle tergal valves trarrowly darkened ; tergal valves slender, gently
upcurveal ; sternal valves powedld atrd nearly straight, hom-yelow,
the bases conspicnously blackered.
//ar. Cape Colon).
HolotyPe,9, Port St. John, pondoland, November r9z3 (R. n,
I'L'RNER),

T}.pe in tle Britisl Muselrm, No rq2.r - 6.
Limonia larlltoehsis is ve.y distirct 1rom at resional sDecies oI
rhe subgeDus.
Lihonia(Limorda) atrichoptera, sp. n.

General coloratio4 ye11ow,the pra€scutlllr with ti'o narlow darkbrowr intermediate stripes ; leqd dark-colored j proflotl1]]l brovrdsl
black, y€11owlateralll'; halteres black; legs b1ack, tlre Iemora wittr
narow. obscure yelow apical ard subapica.l rings; wings yellow,
heavily doud€d srith dark brown and greyish brora ; no macrotlichia
in ceus of whg.
Femate. - Lergth about ro iDIl. ; wiDg 9.5 mnl.
Rostrum and palpi black. Atrtenna€ (9) black, the base of the secondsegm€nt obscure yeflow; Iirct flage1la-r s€metrt er1at8ed, subequal
to the s€cond scapal ; renaiaing flage1lar segments abru?tiy snMller
the filth and sircceeding flagellar se8ments elongate'cyliDdrical :outer segmenLswit! very long, ul3ilat€raily-arranged biack verticils.
Head dar!, discotored.
Pronotulxr brownisl black, the sides abruptly yelow. Mes]onotalpra€sc'utum ye11ow,witi two narrcw darL brown inteffrediate stripesthat slightly widen before the suture, the space betweetr clearer
yetow at this poitrt ; posterior 1atera.1portioEs oI praesc[tu& Illore
geyis! but without distinct stdpes ; scutal lobes darLened, the mediatr
region yelow ; scutelum yeilow ; postaofim obscure yellor wit! abros.tr mark rear eitier side on basa.l hall. Pleura yellow, the pro-:i4] -

pleura brighter yellow, tJre pleurot€lgite and pteropleurite more
obscured. Halteres black, tie extreme base of stem testrictedly
bdghtened. I,egs with the coxae and ttochanten yellow; teEora
black, tJIe ertreme bases obscure ye1low, the tips add a 4arlow ringbe{ore the tips obscui€ yellow, the two e4closing a blac! aonullls
of approximately three times the width oI eit.her pale riry ; tibiae blacL,
the genua restrictedly pale j tarsi broLen. Wings with the Saoundcolor y€llow, the coloration broker hto scatt€red areas by a very
hea.vf brown and grel rsh brordn spothng and clouding ; fhe darker
aleas i[clsde the stiSma, a postarqrlat spot atrd odgin of ns, $ritl
an additional area midway between the la.tter two, tip qf S., cordand oder end of c€ll /s/ M,; tle paler areas il1dilde the vdtgs-ap€xand douds ir a{ the cel s, t"h€ latter il1 most cells more extensive
tlatl tle Brourd-co1ot; v'eins dark btowtr, C and Ss more yellowish.
No macrotrichia in cells of wil1g. Venation: Scr ending about oppo6ite
three-fiftlxs the length of Rs, Sc! at its tip ; Ir subequal to Rr + , ;z-4 about one half its length before tie fork oI M.
Abdominal tergit€s obscdr€ yeilow, the caudal margirls oI thesegmentu narrowly browa, the nediar reAiotr intuscated; sternites
yellow. Ovipositor relatively slort, the tergal valves ve1low, tJre
stemal valves stouter, their bases conspicuously blackened.
Hab. Congo,
HololryPe, ?, Kasai, December 15, 1925 (VAN IIEE{vErDl).
Type iD the Museutn of tle Belgiat Congo.
The wing-pattern oI L. allickoPlera is almost €xactlv as in I. (2.)
tichtltua\r.\x,qNDEr., the latter' differing colspicuously in theaburdant macrotrichia in the dista-l ce1ls oI the wilg.
Llmonia(Geratromyia) erraoa, sp. D.

Genetul coloration oI mesonotal praescutum tulvous yellow, represeniing the usual stripes, tie Atercpaces dark; thoyacit pleliavariegated obscure yellow and brown; wings with a hearT browa
pattem, the major areas costaf h position, alt€mating with $nate!
$eyisl areas ; rnale hypopygiurn s.it! the spitres of tlrc lostlal proloagatioa of the ventral dististyle vety long and slender, arisitrg
froa a shgl€ tub€rcl€.
Malr. - I,ergt.h (excluding rostrurn) about 5 lrlm. ; wing 6,5 r a. ;aostrdm about 2.5 ram.
Rostlsm long and poi'erful, approxlmately one-half the body,
black t-b.roughout ; i1axillary palpi 2" segmellted, s]ra[, black. Antetr
nae witl tlrc scapeblack ; flage1lum btoken ; first scapal segm€nt long,
Ilead dark grey, a lit4e bdghter ol1 1he anterior vertex, tle lattet

_ .it,l _Prorotum dark brown, the !'ostedor nofiil]l yel1ow. Mesonotal
praescutum with the ground color dark, the surlace almost cov€redby four fulvous-yellow stripes ; ground-color represented by a capillary median brorvar stripe tlat eEds far beJore the suture ; interspaces
narower, brofln, with a {ew small setae ; lateral Inargios of sderite
yellow, bordered iatemally witl dusky; scrtal lobes extetrsively
htuscated ; scrte u]xl chiefly pale, darkened baso-medialy; postnotal qtediote€ite dark brown. Pleura variegated obscure yel1ow
and bro}i1l, the latter a?pearing as a diiluse dark Iongiiudinal strip€ ;ventm] stemopleurite dari<ered. Ealtercs vaiegated, tha stem dusLy,
It'itl1 the base ar1d outer enai pale yellow, tle krobs conspic[ously
dark brown. Legs with the coxae aDd tiocharters pale yellow ; rernainder of legs broken. Wings almost
it\ omatrd$ (Ar.Exar.DER) il1 the^s non-ocellate, alternaiiag
costa.l patteft, the heaw dark areas
withmore gyeish ma.rks that are conlined to the costal and subcostal
cells ; mdial veins beyond origir of Rs morc elongate, the itrterspaces
beingwider, especially the area abo;e Rs which is wider tlar the darkmarling otr either side ; posterio. cord mor€ obtique; ,r-c& onty
shortly beiore the iork ot M ; pale arcas beyond stigma more extensive than the dark area beyond.
Abdominal segmeats bicolorous, biovvrrish black, the basal laterai
triangles oI the t€rgites conspicuously ye11ow; oa the second teryite
more than th€ basal halJ of the segment pate j stemites yellov.,, thecaudal margins of the s€Bments broadly darkeued. Mate hf'I)opygium{Fig. 3) with t$e ninth tergite transverse,. the caudal malgin gently
emarginate. Basistyle (6) small, the ventro-iesal lobe nearly te.minal,
large. Ventra.l disiistyle (rd) very large ard fleshy, much larger
tlaa tle basistyle, the rostEl prolongatiotr $nall, near base with asiaele long tubede tlal exceeds the relrlainder oI the prolorgatioD
ir letr8ft, this tubercle termirating in ttro very loDg, gently cffved
spines, the outer a trifle the longer. Dorsal dististyle a skorgly d1rved chitif,ized rod, the apex suddenly na1rotr€d intoaf acute spine.
Gonapophyses very small, darkened, tlie mesal-apicai lobe sleider.
Aedeagus (a) €lorgate, a little expanded just be{ore apex whichis agai[ const cted.
Hab. Congo.
Hatol,yi6, 6,May.smbe, VoundaBnku ; Au$$t r, r9i6 (A. CoLr,ARa).
T}?e in the Muserm of the BelAian Coago. :.
LirtuotL;a (Cala.nonLyia)enahe is allled, to L, (G.) on atl;t (AL&x.E\rDEB) oI t-he Ca:aeroua, dif{ering b1ost evidertly !{ the colorationof the thorax. In omatrix tle mesotrotulr1 is uniJormty bromdsh gey,
Y/it-hout pale nlarkings.

-

J45 -

L:€rus Pseudolimnophlla
Pseudollmnophila(Calolimaophila)

Ar,EeaNDER.
comes, sp. n.

General coloraiion of meso11otum rich brown, the head and thoracic pleura blue-grcy; lemora yellow with a narov'/ subteminal
brovm ring j wirgs greyish srbhyaline rrith a vagu€ but exte$ive
darker clouding.
Male. - I"e\gd\ about 6 mm. ; sring 6 m.n1.
Rost&m short, blackish grey ; palpi dark brcwu. Antennae wit!
the scape dalk brown, the basai s€gment of the flagellum obscure
brow:rish yel1ow, the remaining segmeds dark bro*.n j art€mae (d)of modeiate leryth, i{ bent backward etending about to the wing-root;
flagellu]n setaceous, the segments cylindrical, the outer ones moreelongate; outer v€rticils loager than the segmerts. Head light bluegrey, tI€ antedor vertex more infuscated, the occiput paler ; headstrof,gly narrowed b€hindPronofiiJn light grcy. Mesonotal praescutn& ard scutum richbrown, tLe extreme lateral margins ard restdcted humelal region o{pra€scutum greyish; a more or less distinct capillary dark bro\rn
vitta b€gins or the posterior proDotum, exteading onto the cephlicportion of tle praescutum ; pseudosutural {oveae elongate but paleand scarcely apparent ; scutelium darker brown ; postnotum heavily
pruinose- Pleura clea.r blue-grey, irdistinctly
stdped loagitr:dinallywith biackish, more evidently so on the ventml anepistemum, thesternopleurite and oeron less distilrctl_v darkened. Halteres obscureydlowish brown, the base and aper of ttre stem clearer yello\i., theknobs infusca:ed. I,egs with the coxae whitisb, the bases of the fore
and middl€ coxae narrowly darkened; trochanters pale yetlow;
Iemora yellow with a narrow and relatively i11-defined subtemirul
brown ring, this subequal i) or a little wider than the pale apex
beyord; tibiae obscure yellow, the tips narrowly darkened; talsi
dark bronn; tibial qurs stout, hairy, weakly bidentate at tips.
Wings iFig. ib) greyisl sub$aline, the costal margin somewbat
lxore yellowish; vaSue but el+ensive broll.n doEds at origin of Rs,
Sr!, along the cord, stigma, outer end of ce11rst Mr, suEounding thesupemumerary crossveirr itr cell R, and ttre fork ol Mr + !; paler
ad lness evialent ma.rginal clouds or the Iongitdlinal veins, more
extensive on the ana! veins j veins brownish black, $rore yellowis!
in the costal regiod. Costal ftinge of moderate length. Veiation;
Sc, ending shortly belote rm, Sc" shorHy removed fro$ its tip ;Rr*.rrlonga{d gently arcuated; Rr+ 3 subequalto Rr,:,a supem merary crossvein in ce1l R:r beyond midlength;iffier ends
of cels Ra and /s, M! lying {ar prorima-d of cell Ru aad uearly on a

- .J4ti _levcl wirhrnother i ceu .Vr smail. Iess than its petjole; m-c,.
-onc Lo one hatf irs lengtb
irom.one.third.
beyood tle fork of M; veir
2rl ,,t genlly siDuous.at apex b€Dt rather abrupfly ilro Lhe margin
antenor arculos Dreserved
Abdomiual tergites aad bypopygium dalk brown, t_b€basat s1e!.
nrtes extensively pale yellow.
- dar. Sie.ra I€one.
C€nde&a, rr-2-r925 (E. TtARoRray&s).
Iolaty?e, !,alpe in the Bdtish Musesm.
}ave adopted rbe nanuscripr o-aEe g;verl by jur EDwAxDs.
_I
t'ssud.ot{n aphila com"s is very distjtrct from rhe tso specjes ot
tlrejubBenuscalo/i,nkolh;k, pn$cps\Nr,rr and,e* a. er.,roer,^rqx tisted above (Compare.ize and diagostic fearuJes
keyl" g" "rr+to tbe ElliopjaD speciesot psewtotinnoy'r;la, AL!:ANDE;,
Arki;
tdr Zoologi. Bard
No L8 . 4 _ 7 : tq24).
'6.
Pseudolimnophtta (Pseudolimnophila) cornpta, sp. tr.
Ce4eral.colomtjor broR.tr.iDcludiag t"he thoracjc ple{ra i Iemoray€xow ml.ha ranow broeft subtentriDatring; sings yelowist g.rey,
the costal marg1n broadty brjsbrer yellow. rie"".ri* l.he"".i"i.t.aoy aound:urt bro?dxspotl ard ctouds;cel tsr Mrwrtlj
irnerend
strongly pornted ; ceil M, subequal ro its petiole: distal sectiorofL xl aDour as tong as cell /s, M".
- te"Fh about 0.5 mra. i ,e.i!8 / Iru.
lrti.
ano.nulpi dark bro*!1. Anteu$de of nodente lflgrh,,.
l' ,Kf')-,bett backward erding a stort d.istance before rhe witrs. roor; iirsr
xagelar segEent btact. :econd segmert dark brown. paler basaly;rrrcI- uageuar s,egrnell yejlow, the remaidng segftenls black flagellar;
segments graduallv decreasrng in lerqth a;d psssing into setacior.:s,
mrn robg coojprcLrousverticits. Head yelowish gey.
.rronoruln o[sclfe yellow. Mesoaotal pmes.utum light brown,
yd.:i*
pollen : a capilary brom meiiiaa vitta:'ar ohliqueIftbroq,n^ area be-hiod r_bepseudosutural fo.{,eae,e:rterldjrg lrom the tai€-.
tal ata gln of the sclerite dorsad aud slightly cep[ahd pseudo";
sutural foveae exiensive but lejatively isdjstinct becauseoI tie colo|
yeltowish $ey p,uirose: scutelluln and post_:itu.lii*T:.i,bolu-o biack, witb a grev pruinos;ty. pleura. extensively dark
brcm,
vagnelv marked Fjth paler. Halteres yelow, t.he base of tbe
k_oobsa utrle darkened.Legs with t-becoxaeand kocharte$ obscureyeilowilPora yeloyt with a narrow btom subtermiaal rlag ttrat is only
abo'it o_ne.balf as wide as the pale apcx beyond j tibia€ ad rarsi
yelow, Lbeterotna-l segmenlsot tie latler pa*singinto dark brown;
I-lor4r spurs stout, hairy, a! apex as).Ermetrically bifid, the
irue!

i47
st'irn Ix,w(.rtIl jlrxt I".nr Jr .r rigln rngte. \Vings{Fig. r71 yel]onisb
ur(v, L,( prrr\.ur.l' r",t coslal reglonsl,rigbt yeltoo, esp€cjaltv$ei.r.rcr. wtrerc thF cotur apnerrs as an increasingly
wirlened area toverD n4: tnc lral,'r drrk,.nedrreds indude tle following:arcular;,risma.dDd fork or R. . . sending a seatn to costa;{":lfi..iend ol,verns Rr and Ra: extensivehut "pate brownishgrey
cloudsatrd as Ea.rsiDarcrouds at ends or a iongitudinat:1,.1, :::'T"v€:ns:
vernsI u antJ ztd ,4 suftouDdedby yeUowmeobrane;
ceJlA
the a'iJta4 orargin ertensjveiy,"i*yjr.;.
c*v,
:"-J,
,**
oarker 1D the douded aDd iffuscated areas.
Costat frinSe rel;L\etv
long and conspicuous.Vetration. S,, ending justbeJo;e rbe fortot.,(s._\.! not iar irom its tip: Rs arcuatedat onFio| !e[ /rl ,,Uwll.b tne ,Dncr end strongtv pointed and tlng proRjnad
ot the"rhci
eremenls or lbe cord : first sectiotr of .l,tr. subequal or lonser
than tbc se,.oDdsection : ra_.r ar or near midtenglb
l"i ii]',rriile proxiDad oI rhe lelel of ,.a : ."1 ,lf, *U"q"*f "r'""[. fitti. Il"!.,, distat sectiotr of Cu, abo.a! equal -to cell ./sr ,#o;::ii,5
f.t:t"
antenor arcdus
preserved.
Ahdominal lcrgitesdar! brown, the dlsk ol rhe seqmenrs
vrsuelv.
ongbrcrc.l : .rerilites darL. the (audal margins tranowtl patel etiow-;
hypopygium dark.
H,tb. \lganda.
Holotvpe d. tr4enjo.rr-r rq2r /H. lIAxceEA\.rs).
r}])e ln the Brit jsh Museum..onfta is most.l(xejy arled ro p. .in,tiknut^!::pudotimrolkjk{Ar-E5-$'DER) oi Sourtem Nigena, diJfering in (otorarion and venarion.
cequs Elephantomyia

OsaEN SacKlN.

species_of l.his genus ia rhe Erhjopiar fauna mayb€
sepdrated by ttre folow;ns kev :"-"51T.i^

A KE\. to rnn rr.rnrJ,r,nsprcrEs oF TrrEcnNus.
t L E P HA.',tTO.v I t A OSTEN SACKEN.

i. Rs Dearly ii not qujre iE atignment wit-h jts poste,ior
branch,the basal dellection ot &e latter ertirelv obtrerated or
very
short
Ba-saldcflecliotr of n" distiaLt. subequal to or tosger than /ur,/(J being trearly ;n atigr1mertwir_bits anterior brarc! . .
. 4.
2. Mesonotal praescutum dusky. q.ith thee paler, browuish yeflow
dnpes /Fig. r8r. (Sierra Leo1e) haryftaves, sp. n.
- Mesonoralpraescutur pale. wuh one or more darker stripesJ,J19' I irJ }Ie"olord. praescurum_fFrbr " Dgle meJia! Jark brown rtripc:
ftoracic pleura yellow. conspi,.uously varjegated q"i!b dark
browo /Fig. lql. (BelAianCoogo: Katangal- Meso'otar lraescutue qr*h tiree r"n (f:{';&
thoracic pleura feffuginous.

":ni*,(IvoryCoast)
fldl)zola. PIE\R&.
Bothbranchesof
Rs extending gereraly parallet to one arother4.
to wing margin, cell _R, at ma€in th;s being very wide, i,most species much wider tian celt R, j in ,rra?si, the bratrcles
arc slightl-v nlore divergent a.nd cell R! is only abort one_half
at fiargin than R4 .
.wider5.
Anterior braDcb of Rs retarively short, diverein! stronstv
from tne poserior branch. cer R! ar marsi! G";"",,.;.-,
tbaa ce1l R.
5. Wings with a hea.vy browa pattem along cord and outer erd ofcell lst M, .
- Wirgs hyalhe or subhyalire, the cord not or scarcely seamed
wit,h darker
7\
6. rn-cu. shotJy beyotrd fork of M; i.irg-pattern very di{Ir:se, uo
dark clouds in th€ bas€s oI cells-R or M or in tle a.nalfield. .
(Seyclenes-Nyasaland)in srla/is EDWARDS.
- n.u abo'rt it"s oer'a length beyond the lork o{ M or about
opposite one-third the length of cell tst M2; \iriDg_pattem
more clearly detined, qrith dark dorlds in the post_arcr:iar
regror and in tie a'na.tfie1d. (Cap€ Colony)
ps?rrdos,"tlts ALE-&c:{D!R.
7. ,B_rancl'esof Rs divergent; ,r-r, before the Iork of M (Fig. S).
(Nyasaland),64r,r, ALEXaNDIR.
- Branches of Rs exterding nearty paraj.lel to r hg-margin;
tn-r?r at or beyoad the fort of M .
d.
8. Mesonotal plaescutum shiny b1ack, otrly the lumeral .egion
paler j {pl€ura with a biack dorsal spot; legs dark broin;a.bdorninal tergiles dull yellow, t}re bases and apices o{ tlesegments narrowly in{uscated, {Fig. 9), (Nigeriai,t .A hMNc A!EX-aNDER.
- Mesorot€l pmescrtum with the groand-color pale, yetlowish
or grey, witl distinct stdpes
9,
q. Mesoaotum yellow with a browt meclian tiEe extendilrg tothebas€ of abdomeD: pleura ]€llow: legs pale l€slaceous: (abdouunar tertrtes anEdated browo atrd yeIow, Lhe ba5al hau

or qk.lr
trrown, rheapic.rt haliyelow). Cape (Co1ony.;-{'il,,oll.
Caffriria)
uahJbergi, BE!:cI,c/.r.s.
Mcsonolal praescut m g!ey, wir}l thre€ brownish btack stripes;
postedor sclerites oi mesonotum blackened ; pleura piLrmbeous;
less black.(Fig. 2o). (Betgian Congo: Katanga)
schuetz;, sp. n.
ro. Antedor bEnch of Rs very short, gettly sitruous, ce11 R2 at
malglrr very flarrow, not q.rceeding one-fi{tl that of cetl Rr;,k-cu at or inst before tle fork oI M. (Fig. ro).
{sierra l.eon;). Anrenor
brarrcbof Rsronser.
9r']der.a littje less tban ce]] """,r,":#r:':;?t""r";^:;"
R,; ,r.",.
berearb cell /s1 Mh(Cape CiilonyJ

awqdiata

Ar.!:xli\rD1e,

Fis.l0Fjg, 8. - Elophutodyia@ayet llsetuER: wi!e.
Fig. 9, , E, ditidtthord
A!EaMEr;rins_
Fig. ro, , E. ceEtehetloides, sp. n,; wir\s,Elephatrtomyia hargreavesi, sp. n.
ce]1eral coloratiorl obscure y€llow, th€ praesqltal stripes pale_;
pleura ob€cure yeltow vrit! a darL brown gildle; loobs oi haiteres
intuscated ;iriownish yelloq' ; wings whitish sublyalile, stigma_legsnearly circular, dark brown ; elemmts of cord ir1 appro:imate align_
ment ; abdomen bjcolorous,bros.r, rhc apicesof tli segjlrenl^s
yelJw.
Mrk. - Leng&, exduding rostruja, about 5.8 mm. : wirg 6.: mm.
;
rostrum about 4 ml]r.
Fetnelz..-\eugth,
excluditrg rostru.m, about B mm. ; wing 6,2 Ir1m. ;lostrum about 4.2 mB.

!t5r_

n+*n***t*s***ffi
s**tNm*t*t*'r'"le+r:n*

M ul,a. I,engt|, cx.ludirg rostrum, about 6 mm.; $.ing 2.3 inin.
rostruxr ubout 4.5 m1Il.
Rostrum light brown. Antennae black tlroughout- Aaterior rert€xlight 8rey. tle posterior ponions of head apparently darker Irey.
Pronotum dark brown, obscure yellon laterally_ Anterior lateralpretergites light yeliow. Mesorotal ?ra€scutua obscure yellow witl
a median dark brown stdpe, very rarrow ill front, widened behind to
rnclude the interspaces just belore tle suture ; lsteral stdp€s dearyeliors; an oval dusky area on lateral portioas of praescutum justbehincl tle pseudosttural foveae ; scutllln chiefly ob6aure yelldw, themesal portion oI each lobe dark brown, coDfluerlt acro$s the nrid-line ;sqrt€llum paler brown ; postnota.l mediote€ite blacLened, nanowly
pa.ler gledially. Pleura obscure y.e11ow, conspicuo(dy variegated\idtl dark brow! or the anteiior sternopleurite, anepisternum andposterioi portion oI the pleurotergite, tie pteropleurite and posteriot
portion o{ tlxe stemopleurite remaining pale ; dorso-pleural regiotr
pale yellow. Halteres pa-1eyellow, the hobs drsky. I.egs with thecoxae and tro&anters pa.le yetlow ; remainder oI legs obscure yellow,
the teminal tarsal segrfleDts broken. Wings (Fig, r9) ereyGh whit€,iridescent, tle base and costal region slightly mor€ yelolwish ; stiSma
large, $bcircular; veins pale browlr. Venation: Scr erding about
opposite three-fourtls the lengti oI Rs, Sr, at its tip; basal sectionof Ru nearly lacking; cell R, at margin v.ide, exceedhg cel R";
ht-.u at totk of I1 : cell /s1 Mr subequal in lengt! to veb M"
beyond it.
Abdominal segEents conspicuously bicolorous, tie apices broadly
yellow, the bases more darrowly blackened ; a dark subterminal riag ;hypopyAiua yellow. Male hypopygirrr (Fig. 6) witn fte out€r dististyle (od) blackened, the apex conspiorous\ bidenta.te. Inaer dististyle subequal in length, but stod and fleshy, pa1e, witl conspicuous
setae. Aedeagls (a) of noderate lengti otly, not produced ijlto along coiled pereJilum as in many E)ecies of the genus. Idterbasal
plate (i) flatte{ed, pa1e, shaped abont as in the fiSure.
Fdr. BelAiar Coryo.
Hohtyfe, 3, Postie, Katatrga, aititude rToo meters, SepteEber 24,
r9z5 (Dr J. ScnwErz).
Trye in t-heBritish Museum, No 1926 - 73.
The udque t'ype em)ears to be sligbtly immature.

ilffif*fl.'ffi'tlruliffi;;fi,lir#:*,rfi$:
jh"hrtrertt'".l:;.J,,:."ffi

jli {.:1i!tf*'.:i

iqi*r'u***.--*i*mruru"#r!:i!"d' sembehun,
at 1isht,Nove,aberrs, 1924
(n. H^R-

i#3fi l.Tltt'il;1""0#"t t ro2.rE.HARcR.cAvEs,""::H:.T"?"tJTrT,Tna,"ins
Elephantomyia picdthorax,

rhisspecies
in hotror
or,t,c.osec(to,,sp. n.

;gg=ffi*r=ig*ffi*}rm.,"'ffi
il*ffi"ft
Elephautomyia

schwetzi, sp, r.
General coloration of l]xesonotirm grey, the praescutum with thieebro\irflish blac! stripes ; pleura chiefly plumbeous ; legs black ; wings

_.i5" .

","
m
*:H:
:l
r
;:i"*"*;j."r.:;#r_'3#i:;A$,r"
il -ilil ,*Hff.iff;Ht;,?H#""ile."jwitb a dusky Unge, th€ lons"r",r.

ovat lrostruix,about6.5mm. wing mm.
;
7;'*ff";;"i:l*ffcruditrg

u-l:1trunl .c.lonsateordy a rinle shoner rb"aEtbe body, blacl.

_,x:hiirj:;fr:il,*tri'"flftlr*L:rpr*,wbra'!
s'irip$i;:ilxii?"fTii;"
Hffi li+TT"*''fie

branch of Rs unusually short ;:t""r",cert R, at trnarsia being
very rafroq' ; male hnopyAium Icith a conspicuous coiled pene{ilrrn.
Ma.k. - Leng&, excludirg rcstftnl, about 3 - 3.6 mm. ; v.ing
3.2 - 4.2 r]],l1,; lostru$r 2.3 - 3 mm,
Fenole.
Leflg&, exd[ding rostru.a, about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 IIlm,
rostrula about 3.3 rnla.
Rostrrm stout, black, exceeding ialf the length of the body ia
both se\es. -A.ntentraewith the scapa.l segments pale, the outer segments darker; flage11ar segments short arld crowded, the eiongate
verticils very coNpicuous. E€ad greyish black, smooth.
Mesonotum shiny light castaneous, without distinct markings,
the pleu€ somewhat ixore yelowish; dor.so-p1eural legion dusly.
Halteres pale, the knobs iduscated. I,egs witi the coxae ard trocha.ntets yellowish testaceous ; femola yelowish brown, ttre tips darLer,
the fore fcmora trrore unifo.mly da.rlened, except at base; tibiae
obscure yefow, the tips narrolvly darkeded; talsi pale bownisl
yelow, the termibal se8ments darLer ; setae of legs simple, as in t&e
genus. V'iDgs (Fig. ro) Ii.it! a very faitrt browr tinge ; stig.na lacLing;
vehs light brown, the prearcriar vebs and costa more yefiowish.
Costal fdnge (al) ftletively conspicuous. Venaiior: Scr ending about
opposite midlength of the nearly steight Rs; anterior branch o{
Rs unusua-lly short, gently sinuous ; cell R. at margin very na.row,
rot exceeding one fiith ce11R{; c€ll tsl .l1, small, rectstrgula! tonearly square, mucl shorte! tJran any vein issuing irom it; rrl,cr.
at or just befole tie fo* ol ,4{.
Abdomen brown, with a co{spicuorls bla.ck subterminal dng in
tle n1ale; hypopygium yellow; basal stemites browrdsh ye. ow.
Male h}?opygium witl tlrc outer distGtyle (Fig. 5) short and blackened, broad-based, nanowed to a slender point, the lowe! or v€ntraJedge with a group of small acute spiru.lae j outer margid at near
midlength witl a conspicuous $bappress€d spine. Penefilum very
long a.nd conspicuous, extendiq as a. coil beyond the eenital chamber.
Va-lves of ovipositor very long and slender, nearb straight.
Ila6. Sieffa Leore.
Holoty,., J, C,endeEa,February r1, r9?5 F. HARGREA\,.ES).
AUotobotyba,9.
Parctolotyle,3.
Type in the British MuseBn.
The generat resemblance o{ the plesent specl€s to Centocheik!.s
is .rost strikirxg b11tthe structure of the hypopygium and the simpls
vestiture oI the legs indicate that tie present genedc rcterence is

ff:i:1",ilx11.,f:'.TJi51J:?:t*dt'""",:iHUl+Ti'r$.

j'.+H#,HT;;{,*:,.,*.*;{r,"lriT;T$t;i:.lr,

ilT;i=$,i.ii1'.'s;"T:[#];,{q:x#*l'{riff;:;T,'"::;""'t';":,*l:;."*lx1s:l-l+f"i:itri:-;,'"fji#t*t;"?H.:#L$;'#:rffi:#i;:""{.t#ffi:*Hffi#.;:t*i$;;fl"*';:n,ir'"tr*il'i'..1,1!
;r*;l*::rr"'l:f+"'::#*x#t:rmik$
Adr. Belgian Coaso.

*fi?#;:

lJ#,Katatrsa'

a.ltitude
rToo&eters.sept€mber
24.

TyTe.it.tle. Sritis} MuseuE. No
ta,D _ 73.
rlxs brerestjrg cratre-ny is named
in hono"rof t-hecolle(tor.
Elephaoromyia cerabchelloldes,

sp. u.

-sE',"*F',inff"Hr;*aT*.i*,,"TfiTi"X*?l*s."1

'(irros.i5,tClydonodozus

_355*

'
ENDTTRLETN_

btj'donodozus cinercithorax, sp. n.
cerleral coloration of head and thorax light ashy grey j basal
segment oi antennae yellow, the rcmainder black; lEgs black, Xhefemoral basesnairouly rnd dbruprty pa.le: wings whitisl subbyaline,
heavily jrromle with b-owr spots and dols or aI tje lotrEirudjnal
rerns; a series ol suoernumerary crossveins in ceX C; Rrr llong, about twice r?,r4; cell tst Ms long.
Female. - I"ength
r5 Irxm. ; wins rr mrEi
Rostrunr and pajpi^boutblack Aniennae ev.jrbrhe basal sesment ofscapeyeilow. slightjl pruinose above i second segment of scape aad
ihe flageJltm black; basal segments oI ttagettlrlx sl,o*, slrhva,
the outer segments more elongate-Iusifonn ; vedicils of tle Ilaeellar
segmenisbel ond tbe fitlh be.oming conwi.uous, oc r,he oute; see_me8ts ex\eed'ng the legneEts themselves. Head ligbt aslv ere;tbe anterior venex a linle darkened; anterior verleie/ide. - " "Pronohrm light ashy grey. Mesonota.l praescutum,late grey withfour vaguely darker brornish grey stripes; pseudoiuturi ioveae
reduced at a sublateral blac1r point, with a lunate impressed lire
extendiq cephalad &om it ; no hlberculate pils ; scutal lobes grey,
Ure central portions a trifle darker ; posterior scledtes of mesouo-turi
da* grey with a vague median brown vitta.. pleura. tight ashy gey,
yrith vagre indicatioG of darker toryit'rdinat sUpes on
tle'airJ
pleudtes and on the ventral stemopleu:rite. Halteres relatii/ely short,dirty wlite, the knobs darkened, the base of the stern paler. f,egi
with the coxae aad trochanf;$ asby grey j femo.a darl brow]1, tie
extreme. base_narrowiy and abrup y whiten€d i remaiDder of legs
bmnrnish black,.the lerminal ta$al seg::oentsbtacL. Wings (!.tg. 2;)
whitish srbhyaline, wit! an abundant brown spottinga."tti"!
in all the cells, mucl as in Coaosia ; m ce1lC lhe m"rUigs ""aar""arroiinand darl<er brown, surrot:rding tle supemumerary crossveinstne cej] ; the mejor darL areas include t&e foltowi:rg :tost arcolar ;ongin of Rs ; stigmal, ttre latter more or less coalluent as a broad
brokea crossba:rd wit! areas a.lorg tle cord and outer erd oj cell
lstM2trip of vein Rr:osjrg-apex: endof veii 2nd.A arrdthe a!:llary region : all of the veins have corspicuoris rows oI bro$.r:rdors,
mostly sepa€te, a few corlfluent ; veins pale, darkened itr tie iufus_
cated areas. Venation : a series oi abour rz ro 14 sitDemumerErv
crossveir:sand spurs in celt C: Rs retativety shorr. stroDgly arcuat;
at odgh, in alignment witl ftr + s + r, tl1e tatter elongate, about
twice m-cu; Rr about one-haf the arcuated R: . g; R- bent orly

sliglrtly c.ludld at ouier end; /m jr1st beyond on€-third the len8th
ot ccll /sl M!; cell 'Mr subequal to its petiole; cel1 7s, M! eiorgate,
its ;nner ead pohted.; m-cu less than its owr] length beyond thelork o{ M.
Abdominal tergite6 daJl< browl, the basal seSment cinereous exc-ept
on caualal margid; genital sigment dark; tergal valves dark hom
yelow, strongb' tpculed;
steflal valves blackdar. BelgiaE Congo.
HolotyPe, Q, Abimva, IIaut Ue16, 1925 (L. BuRcroN).
Type in t-heMuseum ol rhe Belgian Congo.
Clyd.onodozus cineretthora* is very distinct Irom a-lt described
specie of the gents. The ashy€rey coloration of the head aDd thorax,
crossvefis in theabrrdaDtiy spotted wings, witb supemuerary
the species from
qpl1,
1egs,
distinguishes
theblackeredandcostalcrossvei$,
thelly agtees withInthe$pemumetary
alied forms.
(Sieffaentirely distinctarlotherwGel,€one)Ar,!xA\t'!R
C. llLrLctitosla,
specres.
Clydo{odozus frmicoatata,sp. n.

General colorafion obscure bro*nish yelow; antemae beyond
the basal segmest black ; meso4otal praescutum vritl lour browrdsl
stdpes; pleura brownish yeilow, with two na.rrow but conspiclrous
black girdles; femora blackeneil beyond base, with a very va$re{ldvous subapical ring; wil1gs gteyish ye[ow, the costal margrn
corlspicuously dark brol9!; lodgitudinal veins behind Ra broaallv
seamed with greyish biowlr ; a.bdomhai stemites oartowly trivittate
q.iti black.
Fenala. - Lenglb about t4 mm.: witrg Io.2 mm.
Ro6trum black, red<1ishbeneatl; palpi b1ack. Artendae witlt thebasal segment obscure reddish basally and beneat!, black above;remainder of organ black. Head shiny browrdsh yellow. Anterior
veltel. naIrower tialt width of one eye.
Protrotum brownjsh yel1ow, a littie darkercd do$o-medially
Mesorotal praescutur4 obscne yellow, vdth indications oI fotr brown
stripes; postedor sderites o{ mesonotum a little more pruinose
Pleula brownisi ye11owwith two nanovr brcwnish black tansv€rse
girdles, the more arterior occupying the propleura, er.tending fromthe psetrdosutural foveae to the base of the Iorc coxae ; the second
trusve$e area indudes the posterior margin of the anepistemum
and stemopleurile, exterding {rom jsst in ftont oI the wing-root totle base oI the rniddle coxae; metapleura darLened ventrallv. Hal-

-

i50 -

rere5cheJly pale brown, LI( basc ol thc stem restricledly brighrer.
with the coxhe obscure ycllow, the fore coxae darkened basally ;-Legstrocha-Eters obscure yellow ; {emora black, th€ bas€s yelovrGh; avery vague fulvous ring just beiore tle iemoral tips; tibiae brown ;ta$i passing into black. Wings (Itig. 22) geyish yellow, the c(Istal
margitr broadly ard conspicuously dark brolvn ; a dearer yeitow area
behbd tftis dark margin in tle radial fieid j dark cqstai border includi4g ail of ce11sC and Sr, the prearcular region, beyord tle stigma
becoEing narrower and obsolete rt tie wing-apex j broa.d diflusegreyish bronm seams os all tle longitudirul veills bel'id Rs and R, I
veins dark brown, Rs and ,lia conspicuously pale ye11ow.Veaatiol1:
Rr + s perpendicular at origi!, tlansveIse, rcar1y itr alig$nent
with.R" and only a little longer; I?3 and R, iearly parallel lor mo6t
oI tlei! lengt!, thence divergent ; cdl Ml aboEt one--hal{loqger thanits petiole; cell ls, Ms relatively short*hexagona], the inller end
strorgly pointed, lying proiimad of the otfter €lemetrts o{ the cord ;t1-cz moie than its olen lellgt,h beyond tne folL of M.
Abdomhal terAiLesobs"ure yellow. more irfuscakd outwardly,
tle basal tergites mor€ hfuscated laterally ; stemiles obscure ye[on',clearer at base of abdomen, very narrowiy trivittate with b1a& 1ines,
the median line intempted at base atrd apex of each segmert, tle
lateral lines more continuo(s. Ovipositor with tie genital shieldbrownish Iulvous, tfu valves dark basa.lly, more yelowish outwardly,
the tips of the tergal valves narrowly blackerxed.
.qar: BelAiatr Congo.
Eototyla, ?, T*u, tlaut-Ue16, Malcb r9r9 (P. VAN DEN Pras).
1}pe in the Muse{m o{ tie Bdgian Congo.
By the author's key to the African spectes ot Cltrd,onodozss(Rev.
Zool. Aft., rr, fasc. r: to-r! ;1923), C. lvnicosrard runs to corplet 6,
disagreeing ffitl boti induded species, Pallidi.stigrna ATEXAND&R
aD] C. bftdceUul.a Lu&EA\DER, in the pattem of ttre body and wings
alrd m the vetrationGenus Gnophomyla

OsrlN SAC!.!N.

The species included in tie a.ccompanying key appear to be theonly ones described in the genus GnoPhomyia that actually pe{tainto tlis gellus.
A KlY

TO TH! AT'RICAN SPECIES OF TII!
GNOPEO}fVL{
OSTEN SACKEN.

r. No macrotrichia in cells of wing .
._ Maciotrichia preseexti4 distal cdls o{ s.iIlg . .

CDNUS

2,
4.

Ftg. 15. Fig'o. Fig, 17. Ftg.
'3,
Fie. 19, Fig, 20. Fig. r'.
Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Fig. ?r.
Flg. zt.

sr, !.i tn(
Llmonia (Limonta) pndoensis,
PsoudolituopftiLa comes, sp. n. sils
P. ohpta,
sp. n.: si!g.
lErgrErvosi, sp. !: sirr'Ll€phetomyia
E. ptcttJboEx' sp. a,; \rin8
E. achwetzi, sp. n.: wjng,!n. b: Fnc.
C\ydoddd@us cjDereittbra.
sp. n.t ring
C. fuicoatata.
s! t.i wils
Gephomyia tutu.ti
G. chilindmsrs, sp n; wlng
Teuchol.bis crikrlieeE, sP. o.. sir!.

.,5'.r-.15,) ?. Wings dark brown with three conspicuous white fasciae, incloding
a 4arrow arcuate band beyond cell lst Mr; prearcular region
rhieflv dark (cape colonv)
tutncrt, sp.n.
- Wiugs dark brown, the prearcular region bright yelow; acorspic{ous whitish crcssband before the cord but no closs,
band beyond cell st M, .
3.
3. Antenml flagellum annulated blacL and yelow ; tibiae wit! thebases broadly yelow; vrings vdth tbe pale band before tle
coial narrcw, entirely travelsing tle wing. (Soutl-easL{frica),kf'dns {WEDEMAN'N).
- Artebnal flagel1lm black ; tibiae entirely black ; s.irgs \pith
the pale band b€Iore the cord b.oad, not ind{djng cels C,
S' or /s, .1. (Southern Rhodesia)
cmrrkQensts,sp, n.
,1. Thora: and abdomen metanic greenish blue j legs ertilely black;ha.ltercs dark brolen, the knobs pale yeUow. (Nyasaland)
Perelegens Atr.x-eNDF'R.
base
ard
ol
abdomenorange- Thorax; pleura and tip of abdomen
bla&; legs witl the lerqoral bases yellow ; halteres oran€gthroughout. (Nyasaland)uer&m,en( AL&xaNDta.
Gnophomyla turnerl,

sp. n.

Geftral coloration black, the abdomen and parts of the tlora:r\rith violaceous reflexioff ; halteres brownish black; wings dart
browtr with three trarsverse white fasciae ; tro macrotrichia, in cellsof vl'irs.
Famal,e. I.ength abo6t ro mm. ; wing g mln.
Rostrum aad palpi black. !,ntennae black, the second scapal aadbase of filst flagella! segmedt paler. Ilead black, discolored in tiet)?e
Ihorax entirelt dull black, the pleura, especia.lly,wiiJl violac€ous
rellexions. Haiteres browdsh black. Legs witl the coxae and trochalxtels black, sparsely pminose j renai:lder o{ legs broken. Wings(Fig. 23) dalk brown, wit-h tbree transverse white fasciae, tbe basal
one broadesl and more irregnlar; outer band narrowest, arc[ate,lying beyond cell /sl Ms; additional whitish areas at outer ends ofcells /sr,4 anq zzl .4, tl1e latter in tlee axi1la; prearcular costal cellpale ; vehs brownish black, somewhat paler wlere traversed by t-!.epale {asciae. No macrotichia in ce1ls of wiag. Venation: Sc, endi::gshortly belore fork oI Rs, a little 1e*stiatr tv.ice m-cr, ; R, just beyond

tbaD its le4t'h
thciorkof ftr ' ], L;ccll /s, tI! elongate; "-'?r less
A
btoad
znd
ctll
bevond*ila".".' thc fork ol M ;inctua;ng the bases of tle oviPosiior ; te'gal
li"r^."."",
vrLves hom yelow, blacke'red dt base'flar. Cape Colony
1q2J (R E'
iotuypi, c. P.; St. John Pondoland. Noveflber:f!'a\ER).
TWe ilx tbe Btitish Museum No ro2r'-6!fT;L b€autiful crane flv is named irr hotror ol the 'ollector'
R. E. TurNER.
Gnophomyia chirindensis'sP n.

halteresGesenl colotation black; antennal flagelun1 blacL;vellow:
femoraorarse i leqs wilh tbe coxdeand trochantersor:rnge
brown
dark
: winSsv"ffo'*, t-h"-tto"a rip. und remainderoi legsbla"kIncomprereveuowFoihe prearcutar Iegion narrowlv vellow: a broa'1; no macrotrichia in ce s oJ wing ; abdomen*Uie ttaoa tt iore tne"ord,h" terminal Ioff sesments, wit! the h1popvsium' black';;;;".'
Length abour 8 5 ltlxl : wing 8 5 mm -M;k.
secoodRo<nrm black; maRilarv palPi pale brown Lbe first aDd
bert
iteloogate
see*"r't" p.l"r basallv. AtteBoae {dr t€lativelv
blacks€gm€nts.
to rb. halleres:scapal
I'f"..a"lrt*ai"e "bootobs(ureabore. veilow betreathi lirst flage ar s€gment nafio\{lysegmcnts
0agelarbas"iu"U.* rt U*"; r€mainder ot organ blac-ki
race a linle pioturerent i segments clorned wlt}
i..a,r' in"'f','.rpul. puUescenceand ven;cils oo tbe outer fa' e tbat areu O-..
"...1
ia'inl viola(eoussbortet than ti. s"e-.nt". H"ud poiished btack wilh
Irolrs $eY P i$ose
rellexions;"*P.dil;du[- bia&. Mesonotal praescutum polGhed black;of Inesonotum black, with vague -viola'ceots
oosterior"cLtit"stbtougbout'i"ll"rions. pl.-u bta"l, heavilv pruinose Halteres orange
femoraow;
velJowi-"r. *'U t,h" co:ae and trochirters orcngeve
Lhe
legs;
on
all
equal
about
iu?-.;o. Uro.av black' the amounl"
patter
tle
with
2lr
rFig
o"i eotirelv black wings
iit-i"" ?adark brown i}re pteatcdar regron
nrch a5 in slr{aas {W TEDEM-$'N"
i;eut veuow wit-h a broad nore whitisb fascia beJorel"i-i.""""ry
is much no'e restrictedl'berelv crosir'" J.'a, *. olu'"'r-t.''"g;""
not comsine tle arcul,ls; the dGca.lblolch i5 shorter and broader'a vague
dark:
r,
1
being
and
Sr
/sl
tru".t"llle th. *ing celsasa'ppearins"r"'.a"it* i" .t"i"l'
Me
eod
of
/s1
outet
t.lioa *'IJ"
pale area
4 streaks in ce11sRr to M, indosive; a vague
iJ"
in
"."t
browrr'dark
veins
Pale t'he y€l'i" *ff n ,""t t.f-" origin of Rs ;oI wile v€@tiotr : s'r e'tdi"gio
No r,u"'o*ai'
i;*iJ;;"'tts

-l0r*- Jho
nearly opposite the fork of Rs, Scr alore abort two ard one-hau
tifies h-cu : cell /sl M, small, m-cu at r.ear one-tiird to one-fourtl
its lengtt.
Abdom6[ 61sngs, segments six to nitre entirely black.
1140. Soutlern Rhodesia.
Holotype, &, Chirinda Forest, October 1926.
Typ€ in the Britislt Museua, ex Rhodesia Museuro, No 383.
Genus Teucholabis

OsiEN Sac<!N.

Teucholabis (TeucholabiB) clitelliger-a, sp. n.
Gineral coloration orange-yellow, the praescutum polished black;head black; halteres and legs black; wings dosky, nrittr a darker
pattern j abdorxeo bicolorous.
Mala. - l,elglh atolit 7-8 mla. ; wing 7-8 Em.
Rostrtm black, somewhat shorter tlar the remainder ol head j
palpi b1ack. Anternae black; flagellar segments ilecreasing in size
outwardly. Ifead bla&, the anterior vertex arld {roirt pruinose.
Pronotum orange'ye ow- Mesonotal praescrtum and the adjoinirg
cephalo-1ateral portiol1s of tie scutal lobes polilhed black, cortrastjng
with the ota.:rge-yellow remainder o{ tAe mesonotum ; bumeral regionof plaescutum orange-yelow ; poshotun with a median black vitta,
this b€coming nallowd
ard {inally obliterated at cephalic er1d.
Pleura orange-l,.ellow. Halteres black throughout. I,egs with theforc cqxae obscure yellow, the other coxae more darkened ; trmhanters ohscure brownGh .vellow ; rematuder of legs eatirely black. Wings(Fig- 25) with a dusky tinge, vb.dega.ted with darker areas; cell C
ard especially Sc inilrmed; clouds at odgin of Rs, alorg tle cordfrom the slightly darker stigmal ?Lrea,outer erd of cel] /sl M, al1d
tle narrow wing apex; paler brown clouds at €nds of aDal veins ;veins black. Veration: Srr ending about opposite one-tlird thel€n8th of Rs, Sc, slightly beyotrd thG origin; n! less tla-! it.s lellgt$
beyond the fork of Rs i ,tt-ctt
in aligment with the other'Jea1yelemerts o{ tle cord.
Abdominal tergites bicolorous, u1e basal ring oI the segme]rLs
brownish ye]]ow, th€ broaaler posterior portiotr black, the extreme
caudal malgin again pale; subtermhal segneits and hypopygrum
blacL; sternites more extensively yelow, the basa.l s€gee:rts witi
a subtenntual blackish ring. Stemal pouch on Ii{th segment very
distinct. Male hypopygit:n (Fig. 7) wit! the cadlal margir oJ the
terSrte (94 evenly rouaded. Basistyle (r) slightly produced into a
poirt. Dististyles subteminal, inserted oE besal f4ce oi basistyle,shtpcrl as in figure. Aedeagus(l.) broad, at and near apex with lo11'ft)ng s€tae, the do6al pair longest.
.qar. Southeast AIrica.
HololJtfe, 6, Eshowe, Zululand, May 631, \926 (R. E. TnRNER);
B. M. No a926 42.
Peratyqe, d, Port St. John, Pondoland, March 16-3r, 1924 (R. E.
TL'R\ER);8. M. Nd r9z4 rgr.
1'1pe in the British Museurn.
Teacholnbis c teuiEeru rs a very distinct species of the genus tlat
reqdrcs no compadson wit! tlle other klona Xthiopian species.
Gerlus Podoneura
Podoqeura brevifurcata,

BEReRo'lII.

sp. 11.

General coloration ochreous; head ocbreous, the vertex with alalge blackened area; mesonotal praescutum br:ffy, witl a shgie
narrow median black tine; pleura pale yelow, the ventral sclerites
more inJuscated; apical fork of veir znd I slott; ovipositor withthe valves hom-yeUow.
Famale. - I.eq\h abort 4 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
Rostrurn and palpi black. Ant€nnae \aith the second scapal segment
light honey-yel]ow; flagellum broken. He?Ld ochreous, the vettex'lsjth a large blacketr€d area.
Protrotum yellow, with a black median lire. Mesonotal praescutuE
bdly grcy, the latetal and humeral reAions more yelo\i.ish ; a single
narrow brownish black median lirc, broadest in front, rlallowed toa poitrt b€fore the srftlrei pseldosutural Joveae elongate, pale; scotal
lobes browdsh grey, each srith a marrow dusky line rear the middle ;scutellum pale yellow, the mediar rcgior at base rarowly irduscated ;postnotal nediotergite brorvnish grey, the cephalo-lateral portions
yetloi,. Pleura pa-le yeflovr, the vutral stemopleffite a1ld the meron
more inluscated. Ealtercs yelow, the knobs broken. I?egs q.itll thecoxae pale yellow ; trochaders darker; remairdet of legs brokeu.
Wings creamy white, vciti a sparse browr pattem tlat is airanged
as 1\ tvt bacogtcflrna b'ot rnorc rcsti'ctf.d and distinct ; washes^borJt tj}e dark spots only Iaintty indicated. yeuatiou as i\ tt Lthrd.
betweencogrdrn tls bltt veia zhl A more g€rxtly siquous, the apical hoof_like
Jork short, the cel1 at whg-Ir1argill less tialr cell C*.
Abdominal tergites yellow, with a broad meallan iatuscation;
stemites pale. Ovipositor with tbe valves hom-yellos, the tips ratler
strongly upcuffed, acute.
/1ar. Belgia.n Conto,--362Hol,oty,e, ,, broken 9, I,. Kivu, Cheff, N,cwese ICaRLlxRJ.
Tlpe in tle ltuseutr' of l,lheBeigiar Colgo.
G€Eerally sirniLar to Pod,on6 ra antkra.cograrnna BERGRoET,diffe_ring especialy in tie details of coloratiotr and the short apical fo*
oI vein 2nd A.
cedus Styrlnlpmyla
Styringofiyia

serrisrylata,

I,oErp.

sp. n.

G€neral coloration yellow, the anterior halJ oJ mesonot3l praes_
cutdm black ; wings yelloF, the dark pattern relatively extensive;vein 2rd I an$llated aod vaglety ,pu''ed : mate h)"opygium wirlthe mnth stemire de€ply bitid at ape,s: outer tob€ of disdstyle wit!
a sefles of peg-like spines alorg tie central ha.lJ.
Mdle. - Iaeryth aboirt 6.5 rxm. j wing 4.3 mm.
Ro,struir pale j basal two segme]lts of palpi yellow, the distal
haff dark broe'r; termhal two segmerts of palpi yellow. Antenna€
witl tie basal segment yellow, narrowly linid lateralty witn dart
browl ; secoad segment dark above, pa1€. beneati ; flage11umyellow.
Head pale broEnisl yellow, th€ anterior vertex 4atrowlv in{uscated.
the postcrior vertex a lit e greyish: occiput wirb two iusky spots.
Protrotun yellow, the anterior notum ia llont vadesat€d v.ith
browt. Mesoroial praesculum Mtb the cephalic half ah;st coveredby a black shield.shapedarea tbar sends lour poinls b€hind, two
repre6errirg the anterior ends oI tle taterd stnpes, the orhers tbe
Iateral margins of tle broatl median stripe: post*nor ponion ofpraescutum yellow; scutum yellow, each 1ob€ with two browdsh
black spots, the postedor pair more nesal in positioq atrd slightly
lager ; scutelum black, except medialy at base ; postnotum biack.
Pleura yellow, variegatld with browrish black or the anepisterl1ul!.
Halteres pale. I.egs with rle fernoral and rjbial datk rings retativety
naEow but distinci, esp€cially on ti.e dorsal surface. Wings wit! astrcng y€low ground-color; dark pattem conspicuous, hcludirga large discal blotch on rm and adjolniag veias, rlis alea extending
to near tlGthirds the lengtl of Rs ; other conspicuous spots onfork of M,
A ;, and .V,. lork of M. r { and at the bead of ,"d''r-drr,
otler sm3ler mar8ira] cloudsat e.ndsof medial, cubit€t ad arat veins ;veilrs yellow, darker il tle inJuscated are4s. Venation : R, nearlY oerperdictdar;cell ,nd M2 su&s€ssile ro very short petiolate: veia
2kd A wetkly an$ at€d aIId ,raguely spurred.
At)domen yellow, tle basal segments rcady irimacdate ; on outertergites, tle catrdal margiff of tle seAments with a bload dart tria.n.
gle. Male hryopyglqrn (Ftg. rr) lrith !-he lerFltr (9r) brcad at base,

3b:t -

Lhe setrlifcrors rpical lobc very long, narrowed to tie obtuse apcx,
lrr,tcr lhan widc. Ninth sternite (9s) deeply bifid at apex by a Ushaped notc)t, each lobe wilh a coospicuous apical seta. Ba-sistylewith the apical spitre relatively short and stoot. Outer lobe of dististvle tdr whh a conspicuousseriesol peg.like spines alonS jts cetrtlal
half, the subapical set3 very long ; second lobe of dististyl€ elongate,
the maryin bordered by a sedes of shoft peg-Jite sphes ; the smaller
lobes of the dGtistyle shaped 4s in figure.
I1a6. French Congo.
Ilolotype, 6, I,ibreville, 1898 (C. CsAr.or).

fig. 13
fig.ll[ir. l{(Symbols: b:
Fig. rr, |-iq. .:, Ftg. 13, Fl8, 14. -basttyl€ jd::ittstlsttle;!:phallosee;

3-

Styrirgohyia
srl3tyl.i.,st'. n.; msle hr?o!ygi@.
S. schouL6dui. .p. tr,: Eal€ bypoDyg@.
S. scrDutodoEi, sp. !,t matc hylopygi@,
detaib.
S, edvtudsimt!
sp. n,r 4ale lypopyglu.

sterrite it=-- -to4 Type ir the Naturaj ltislory Museum, pf,rjs.
.Sty.titgon\ia seft;stytats k very distinct from aU known specieso{ rlic difiiculr gerus in tfte series of peg.lile spires along rbe taceot l-he outer lobe oi t"hedjsristyle. By EDwAxos, key (r9r4j. I woutd
rnn th€ species to S. Mripgara EDwAlrDs.,vhjcb has a somewha!
similar biobed ubtb stemjte but a very difterenr tergire and djstistyle.
Styringomyia

schoutedenl,

sp_ n,

C'eneral cololation yelow, the lead and mesorotum chieflv alarl :atrtelrnal flagellu_olpate: pos-teriorlegs utriJorn:rlyvellow only tbe
tefmin.Ll taEal se8metrtdarkered : darL annul oI otler legs trarroF;
wrngs
the dark markings restricted; vein end "A sttoogly_yellow,
curved to tle margin, witlort sgrrs or aagutatiotr abdonen chi&y;yellow,.llrurrarked ; male h}?o?ygium s'iti fl1e trinth tergite tenni
nitrrq in.a simple setiferous kl1ob ; nirth stemite very uirow, ter_d:gFC
b b$o s€tae_;distisryle very complex. r,,rebasat arm bifid.
turarc.- LengtE aboltt o nrm. i w.jn8 4.5 mm.
Fenale. - l.elrgtrh about 6 me. ; wing 4.4 mm.
Rostrun alark; palpi dark, the hcisuies pa1er. Antenme witt
the scapal segrents darl, flagellum obscure yellow. Eead dark
greyrstr brolllr,
Promtum brownish blact<. Mesonotal praessltum tight bro*:n,th€ mediar stripe dark, conspicuous, divided tetore 6. sotur";lateral stripes narow, t-\ri!g close to the aedian area. sc1ltum chiefly;
alark browr, tire lobes a ljttte paler; scutefu& bta.ck, with a smail
iTdiarplellra chiefly_yelow Wot; postnotr.l mediotergite bla&.
yellowish testaceous. Ilalteres yellow, the kaobs weakly infumj.
I.egs q.ilh t-becoxae and trochaDtersyeljo#sh : midrLlefemora yelJow
yvrttr two narroq, brown rilgs on donaj suriace only
i tibiae yelton,with a aarlow brown premedial and an apical riag; tarci yelow,
the_ rermin.Li sesmert dark: posterior temora u"J titi*i"Uo*,
without annuli : l"erminal rarsat segmebl oi hind leg broken: fore
Iees lost. Wings yellow. dre dark patteft rcsrricred, hctudirg /_ua[d adioining veins, uarrow seaqs along ,,,.u.. oulet ead oi cen
Ft M, aJad .'pex oI zal. .4 ; remaining veins yellow. Venation: Cellznd M2 barely sessile j ,r-cn about ils owrx length beyond the forkof M; vein 2 !1. A sl':'o':Lgly curved hto the allal &argiD, witloutar€datioll or spurs.
Abdotren yellow, the incisures of the basa.l te€ites vaguely darker ;subler:nira1 tergites more extensively darkered ; hyaopygiir'n chieily
yelow. l,Iale hlpopvgi@ [Fig. r.?) wit.h rhe apef,.iti.
t."istyt ,a1
only r litlle produced, beariDg a sirgle stout set3 | mesal_cepba.tjc

3{)5

ongie of basistyle darkencd, stronglv setifeross. A single higl ycomplex dististyle (.r) with three al]as; outet arm the usdal very
beartug a very Ioog apical setr t]ral is apploxilontdrrishr'od, toog as t}re art! itsetf; inletrneJiate a'm produ(edU"rfr"Lrv ooi""
into a blackened poitrt, tne face with a dense cushion oI bla& setae,
the outer ones passirg into spines ; basal arm biJid, orc lobe a smoothpaddle-like blade, the secoEd lobe ?lovided witi srbapical spines
aail a.group of long setae nearer the base. Phallosome (l) terminati4g
ia two parallel blackened points- Ninth tergite (l) bfoadest at base,tle apex trarrower, terminating in a rounded knob, the basal portiotl
oI apex with a martie of long recurverl setae, tlle actral tip wit.h
more outspreading setae (Fig. 13). Ninth stertite (not shown h fi$rres)v.ry oar.o* apicaily, not emarginate, tipped i'itl two long setae.
Aar. Belsiar Colgo.
Hototyb?,9, Banana. August 2 loro (Dt }{. SCIJoUTEDF,N)
Al,btobotyte, d', Auglst 3, r92o.
Tv'De ir the Museum of the Belgiar Cotrgo.
I Gle great pleasffe in naming this interesting species in hoaor
scko$tade$i 1s disti{ct from allof Dt ScuourEDlN. Sly/iigonyiLof lhe male hnopvgium,ofsttuchte
detailsintle
species
described
the basal alm o{ theotratl1reandarmaturebfid
theespeciallydistjstyle.
Styring,orn)'ia

edwafdsiana,s?. n.

Size relatively large (win8, d, over 5 nrln.) ; getreBl cololstiotrof thoracrc alor$m pale; {emoral da.!k rings relatively narrow aad
ill-delimited; wirgs yetlow, q'ashed wit! darker, especialiv eYident
as seams on veras crar and 2nd A : var' znd A gently curved to mar_gh; maie hlTopygium with a long sl€nder lobe on ilo$al {ace o{basistyle neai base, tljs tenninating iu an ac{te blackened spi{e.
MdL.
I,ength about 7.5 mm ; wlng 5.3 - 5.5 txn.
Fetualc. I,engti aboot 6 nlm.;wing about 5 rDm.
Roskum yelLow; palpi browrxish black. Aatennal scape darkblown, tlle liIst s€gmert with a vellow dorsal line; flage1ltm pale
spoI.s l-he anterjoY)elow. I[ead yelow, the venex 'oith four btown
pair larger; postgenae somewhat alaikened.
Pronotum pale yellow, s1i8ht1y darkened laterally. Mesonotzl
Draescrtum chiefly occupied by thee obsclre yelow stdpes' t-]teoosterior lnterspaces conspicuously darkered provided with erect
LhcL scue, lateral margins darkened i scutal lobe! ci.ietlv vellow
daikeied posteriorly and laterally ; sct1tellum and Posttrotal lrledio_t€rgite chiefly darkened, witb a yellow median lir1e Dorsal thotacic

-

\(6

..

.\tiJ _-*$x1l#lirl;:'F;:fr# +;:l:rii:li?"*,,1,1-i#,I11:*!?ilii';til.jJ;lT*Jr*J"r#il r;#,j11";(l;slir!1(hirrr.1.er. 'lhc ll] is sonrcwhat similar to S. narshal,li F,hw^Rr)s rnd dlics ir the darkcned yr'ashin cell M over rc cubital
vcnr but djffcrs in nunerous regards from a[ krown species The
elongate lobe of the basist-r'le is qdte distitrct irom all other known
Ethiopian sFcies.
Th€ Zululand pamtype is cDnsidembly darkel thatr the oth€rtypes, this inclllding not onl_\,tle body and 1e8s,but also ttre wings
ard v'eins. The sttucture of the hypopygium is identical, howev'er,
and the specimens are undoubtedly conspecific.

g*i{_,**:,3;ljn".ffi,i,;*fu*!ffi
H"r::;::'-"r5'J:':1

l+ru*l*l*l':**1*t"f:"fl;L'-'"ilT:ii;";:';"1"'"-"o**u""*,:,'ii11J,r;fa-ffi$T*trT*#5s*i#il"x:,"li;,lH.."i.:::$:F**":;l=ir*,"tr;:i,iY*-{'#iiT,ilf
j,j,",#sHrlTj;:";rrl#:fi:1ili#";rTt*:.::Ti'ff;ft'":ldn}ii'",*#*',n**".
*mj
Ye1Xf".J:il*^ffiuau' eronsate-l'#;\r-*T*,[+-;:.,w'".",t','*'{f#;,*"'fK.,3-, i'ilt;

ti:t,r.1'

Isooreetseplpmber
r.,16:t""1",#ff?,':"1""'t":l,il*;u"*o'"'o' rulv'Io-rrro2rrRE.

',':,1,,:];
ru;i#,*y-''^Ti'l';[.#J/iJ;,1":,,tlf
IlS.'",:*i"S;?,..ls'if,T,T"j.$H*:ltriJ#ilT
ft:"FJrnxTs*
t*xq*"1'm*ffi"?:fft"t*T]"e in fie British rl4useum.