Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Chapter 2: Natural Disasters and Sustainable Development
This chapter addresses the importance of the link between disaster reduction frameworks anddevelopment initiatives, based on the disaster trends in 2005. As we know, various UN agencies,
international institutions, and governments have placed high priority on natural disasters andsustainable development. Hence, it is of paramount importance that efforts be made to analyze disaster
trends in relation to variables of sustainable development, primarily the Human Development Indexand other economic factors, especially in countries that are affected by disasters. These trends are
discussed below.

2.1 Human Development and Natural Disasters

The human development level (HDL) is a measure of factors that express a country's level ofdevelopment, including its literacy rate, gross school enrollment rate, per capita income, and life
expectancy. These variables are significant in terms of disaster mitigation, preparedness planning, anddisaster reduction and management strategies. Higher HDLs will make planning and management
strategies and follow-up activities easier in post-disaster periods. A country's HDL is categorized ashigh (HHD: 0.8 or higher), medium (MHD: .5 to 0.79) or low (LHD: lower than 0.5), in accordancewith UNDP specifications. This section presents disaster data according to the HDL.
Income levels are also categorized as high (annual per capita income US$9,266 and above),upper middle (annual per capita income $2,996-$9,265), lower middle (annual per capita income$756-$2,995) and low (annual per capita income less than $755) according to the World Bank
definitions. The figures below show the disaster characteristics by income level, both globally andregionally.
Figures 12, 13A, 13B, 14, 15A, 15B, 16, 17A, and 17B show the relationship between the
HDL and the impacts that disaster-related human suffering and economic losses have on societies andeconomies. Figures 12, 14, and 16 show the number of people killed, the number of total affected
people, and the amount of damage, respectively, by HDL for the period 1975 to 2005. Figures marked
as A and B show the ratio of people killed to population, total affected people per million population,and the ratio of damage to GNI for the world (A) and for Asia (B). Disaster trends for 2005 clearlyshow that human loss and suffering were considerably higher in countries with low humandevelopment (LHD), as the ratios of people killed and people affected to the total population wereconsiderably higher in LHD countries than in medium human development (MHD) or high humandevelopment (HHD) countries.
In 2003, however, a major shift occurred around the world. An unexpected heat wave caused
tremendous human suffering in the HHD countries of Europe in 2003. The 2004 disaster trends once

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ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

again stressed the importance of disaster reduction in the developing countries. The trends in 2005
further indicate that countries with low and medium human development levels tend to suffer more
serious human and economic losses. The figures for the year 2005, as shown below, clearly illustrate
this important point. Since the human development index reflects a country's literacy rate, life
expectancy, and per capita income, improving these variables could contribute immensely to reducing
the impact of natural disasters. Although considerable disaster damage was sustained in the HHD
countries, the impact of disasters, in terms of human and economic losses, were more severe in the
MHD and LHD countries. Since developing and least developed countries (LDCs) tend to have low
and medium HDLs, and thus tend to have elevated levels of human and economic losses, theirdevelopment efforts and ability to compete within a scenario of global development are limited. Better
disaster management approaches are therefore needed in these regions.
It is also quite evident from the following figures that the ratios of people killed and total affected
people to the total population are high in the LHD and MHD countries, stressing the importance ofincorporating disaster reduction approaches into mainstream national policies. Although the real valueof damage is high in higher income countries, the ratio of damage to GNI is higher in the low andmiddle income countries. Likewise, although the actual human losses are higher in the MHD countries,
the LHD countries are shown to suffer more when the human loss and suffering are expressed as theratio to the total population.

Figure 12 Number of People Killed (Thousands) by Human Development Level, 1975-2005(World)Number of Killed (Thousands)- 1975- 2005- World(Human Development Level)

LHD

M HD

HHD

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３０

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 13A Ratio of People Killed to Population by Human Development Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Killed People to Population(Human Developmen t Level) (World Summary) (2005 )

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

( per million people)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 13B

Ratio of People Killed to Population by Human Development Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Kille d People to Popu lation(Human Development Level) (Asia Su mmary) (2005)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

(pe r million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

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These figures clearly show that the majority of human losses were reported in countries with a low
level of human development (due to the South Asian Earthquake). This is consistent for figures both in
Asia and worldwide.

Figure 14

Total Affected People (Millions) by Human Development Level, 1975-2005 (World)

Total Affected People (Millions)-1975-2005-World(Human Development Level)
LHD

MHD

HHD
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 15A Total Affected People Per Million Population by Human Development Level, 2005
(World)Ratio of Total Affec ted People to Population(Human Developme nt Le vel) (World Su mmary) (20 05)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

(per million pe ople)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３２

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 15B Total Affected People Per Million Population by Human Development Level, 2005
(Asia)

Ratio of Total Affected People to Population(Human Developmen t Le vel) (Asia Summary) (2005)

LHD

MHD

HHD
0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

(per million people)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 16

Amount of Damage (US$ Billions) by Human Development Level, 1975-2005(World)Amount of Damage (BnUS$s)-1975-2005-World(Human Development Level)
LHD

MHD

HHD
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３３

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 17A

Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Human Development Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Amoun t of Damage to GNI(Hu man De ve lopmen t Le vel) (World Summary) (2 00 5)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

(perc entage)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 17B

Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Human Development Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Amount of Damage to G NI
(Human Development L evel) (Asia Summary ) (2005)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

(perc en tage )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３４

3

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

2.2 Gender Issues and Natural Disaster Impacts

In addition to what we have seen above with respect to overall human development and theimpact of natural disasters, it is also of paramount importance that efforts be made to examine therelationship between gender and natural disasters. Here we examine the Female Human Development
Index, which was extracted from the general Human Development Index, in relation to disasters.
Generally speaking, countries with lower female human development (LFHD) report the most humansuffering, and tend to have higher ratios of people killed and total affected people to the total
population than countries with higher female human development levels (HFHD). The trend is very
similar to the trend in general human development.
Accordingly, in 2005, both the ratios of the people killed and total affected people to the total
population were high in countries with low and medium Female Human Development indicators dueto the earthquakes, floods, and wind storms that struck many countries in Asia, especially the South
Asian Earthquake, and floods in China, India, and Bangladesh (Figures 18, 19A, and 19B). Moreover,
the ratio of total affected people to the total population was high in countries with low female humandevelopment, as shown in Figures 20, 21A, and 21B. Further, Figures 22, 23A, and 23B indicate thatdamage as a proportion of GNI is also relatively high in the low and medium female humandevelopment countries, although the amounts of actual damage are higher in high female humandevelopment countries. These figures highlight the importance of gender-related planning andmitigation strategies and approaches in the field of disaster management, especially in countries withlow and medium female human development levels.
Gender powerfully shapes the human response to disasters, both directly and indirectly. Studies
have shown that women are hit hard by the social impacts of disasters, suggesting that women shouldplay a major role in post-disaster activities if proper integration of gender issues and disastermanagement is achieved. The reality is that women are always identified as active and resourcefuldisaster respondents, but are often regarded as helpless victims. Since disaster mitigation and risk
management activities should be incorporated into development strategies, it is imperative to prevent
gender bias and ensure women's participation in the field of development.

３５Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 18

Number of People Killed (Thousands) by Female Human Development Level,

1975-2005 (World)

Nu mbe r of Killed (Thou san ds)- 19 75- 20 05- World(Fe male Human Developme nt Le vel))
Low

Medium

High
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 19A

Ratio of People Killed to Population by Female Human Development Level, 2005

(World)Rat io of Killed People t o Populat ion(Female Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2005)

Low

Medium

High

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

(pe r million people)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 19B

Ratio of People Killed to Population by Female Human Development Level, 2005

(Asia)

Ratio of Killed People to Popu lation(Female Human Developme nt Le vel) (Asia Su mmary) (2 0 05 )Low

Medium

High
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(per million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

The above figures also indicate that the majority of human losses, both on a global andregional level, were sustained in countries with low and medium levels of female human development.
This is attributed to the impact of the South Asian Earthquake.

Figure 20

Total Affected People (Millions) by Female Human Development Level, 1975-2005(World)Total Affe cte d People (Milion s)-1 97 5- 20 05 -World(Fe male Human Deve lopme nt Leve l)
Low

Medium

High
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３７

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 21A

Total Affected People Per Million Population by Female Human Development

Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Total Af fecte d People to Popu lation(Female Human De velopment Level) (World Summary) (2005 )Low

Medium

High
0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

(per million people)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 21B

Total Affected People Per Million Population by Female Human Development

Level, 2005 (Asia)

Rat io of Tot al Affect ed People t o Populat ion(Female Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2005)

Low

Medium

High

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

(pe r million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３８

50000

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 22

Amount of Damage (US$ Billions) by Female Human Development Level, 1975-2005(World)Amount of Damage (BnUS$ s)-19 75- 20 05- World(Female Hu man Deve lopmen t Level)
Low

Medium

High
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

Figure 23A

Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Female Human Development Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Amoun t of Damage to GNI(Female Hu man De ve lopme n t Le ve l) (World Summary) (2 00 5)

Low

Medium

High

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

(pe rce ntage )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

３９

1.2

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 23B Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Female Human Development Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Amou nt of Damage to GNI(Fe male Human De velopmen t Le vel) (Asia Su mmary) (20 05 )Low

Medium

High
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

(pe rce ntage )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2005

４０

1.4

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

2.3 The Economics of Natural Disasters
This section focuses on income levels as they relate to disaster impacts, based on the disaster
trends in 2005. A country’s income level is determined by its per capita GNI and is analyzed here in
relation to the disaster statistics. The figures below (24 to 29B) show this relationship and once again
indicate that the majority of human losses and affected people are reported in low and lower middle
income countries. Although this could be attributed to the impacts of the South Asian Earthquake andflooding in the low-income and least developed Asian countries in 2005, the statistics are consistent
with the longer-term trends. Figures 24, 26, and 28 show the global trends in the number of people
killed, the total affected, and the amount of damage sustained, respectively, by income level for theperiod 1975-2005. Further, figures marked A and B show the ratio of these characteristics to the total
population for the world (A) and Asia (B) in 2005.
Generally, though the real economic losses from disasters are higher in high-income
countries due to their developed infrastructural framework and economic establishments that haveaccumulated social capital, disaster-related losses are more substantial in developing andlower-income countries, especially when viewed as a proportion of the GNIs of those countries. Whenhuman losses and suffering are considered, the low and lower middle income countries suffer greatly,as is further shown in the figures below. This firmly emphasizes the need for a holistic disastermanagement approach that gives due consideration to a country’s disaster vulnerability, the impact andextent of disaster-related damage, and the impact of disasters on human development and the economy.
This is clearly shown in Figures 28, 29A, and 29B.
The socio-economic impacts of disasters vary by the type of disaster, the disaster period(length), and the post-disaster recovery period. A country’s income level plays a crucial role indetermining how long it will take for a community to recover from a disaster. In addition, the national
income leveland magnitude of the socio-economic impacts of a disaster are proportionally related,

and the ratio of such impacts to the country’s GNI demonstrates the negative effects of disasters upon
low and lower middle income countries. This explains the shapes of Figures 24 to 29B, as the ratio of
human and economic losses to the total population and income level (GNI) is high in the low-income
countries and low in the high-income countries. The disasters that have occurred in the Asian countries
of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and China, and in some countries in Africa, have contributed
significantly to this trend. The disasters that occurred in the US (hurricanes) and the extreme
temperatures experienced in Europe contributed to the heavy damage sustained in the high-income
countries, in proportion to their high GNIs. The figures below show these trends for the world and the
Asian region.
Note: LI: Lower Income, LMI: Lower Middle Income, UMI: Upper Middle Income and UI:Upper Income.

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 24

Number of People Killed (Thousands) by Income Classification, 1975-2005 (World)

Number of Killed (Thousands)-1975-2005-World(Income Classification)
LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

Figure 25A

Ratio of People Killed to Population by Income Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Killed Pe ople to Population(Inc ome Classific ation ) (World Su mmary) (20 05 )

LI
LMI
UMI
HI
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

(per million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

４２

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 25B Ratio of People Killed to Population by Income Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Killed People to Population(Income Classification) (Asia Summary) (2005)
LI
LMI
UMI
HI
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

(pe r million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

It is clearly known from above Figures that the majority of the human loss was in the low
and lower middle income countries in the World as well as in Asia and these are due to the Souh Asianearthquake disaster.

Figure 26

Total Affected People (Millions) by Income Level, 1975-2005 (World)

Totally Affe cted Pe ople (Million s)- 19 75 - 20 05 -World(In come Classification )
LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

500

1000

1500

４３

2000

2500

3000

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

Figure 27A

Total Affected People Per Million Population by Income Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Totally Affected People to Population(Income Classific ation) (World Summary) (2005)
LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

(pe r million pe ople)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

Figure 27B Total Affected People Per Million Population by Income Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Totally Affe c te d Pe ople to Popu lation(In c ome Classific ation ) (Asia Su mmary) (2 0 0 5)
LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

( pe r million pe ople )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

４４

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 28

Amount of Damage (US$ Billions) by Income Level, 1975-2005 (World)Amou n t of Damage (Bn US$ s)- 19 7 5 -2 0 0 5- World(In come Classific ation )
LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

Figure 29A

Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Income Level, 2005 (World)

Ratio of Amou nt of Damage to GNI(In come Classific ation ) (World Su mmary) (20 0 5)

LI
LMI
UMI
HI
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

(pe rc en tage )Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

４５

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Figure 29B

Ratio of Damage to GNI (%) by Income Level, 2005 (Asia)

Ratio of Amoun t of Damage to GNI(Income Classification) (Asia Summary) (2005)
LI
LMI
UMI
HI
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

(percen tage)
Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2005

Figure 28 shows the actual amount of damage sustained by countries with different income
levels. Figures 29A and 29B depict the ratio of damage to GNI by income level. Clearly, the ratio of
damage to GNI is high in the low income countries, mainly due to the various disasters that haveoccurred in the most vulnerable countries. In Asia, this ratio is high in the low income countries,
primarily due to the earthquakes, typhoons, and floods experienced by India, Pakistan, China, andBangladesh.

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

2.4 Disaster Classifications and the Impact of Development Characteristics

We have classified disasters into geo-physical, hydro-meteorological, and other disasters.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, earthquake-induced tsunamis, and landslides are categorized as
geo-physical disasters, while wind storms, floods, extreme temperatures, droughts, and heavy
rain-induced landslides are categorized as hydro-meteorological disasters. All other disasters,
including famines and epidemics, are included in the "other" category. The tables below show thedisaster classifications and their impact on development for the period 1975-2005. Tables 10A, 10B,
11A, and 11B show the disaster classifications by region and vice versa. Similarly, Tables 12A, 12B,
13A, and 13B show the disaster classification by income classification and vice versa. Finally, Tables
14A, 14B, 15A, and 15B show the disaster patterns by human development level.
These tables make it clear that hydro-meteorological disasters produce the largest numbers of total
affected people in Asia, while geo-physical disasters produce the largest numbers of people killed. The
region is vulnerable to both types of disasters due to its geographical position and socio-economic
characteristics. Africa is more vulnerable to hydro-meteorological disasters, as it is prone to prolonged
droughts. The Americas, Asia, and Europe sustain most of their economic damage fromhydro-meteorological disasters, with high-income countries like the US, Japan, and the EU countries
facing heavy losses caused by wind storms, floods, and extreme temperatures. The heaviest damage in
Asia was caused by Japan’s 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the 2004 Indian Ocean
Tsunami.
Similarly, low income and lower middle income countries tend to be most vulnerable tohydro-meteorological disasters, but also moderately vulnerable to geo-physical disasters. Low andmedium human development countries follow the same trend. Since hydro-meteorological disasters
tend to be annual events, they cause much more damage to the low and medium human development
countries than geo-physical disasters. The following tables clearly show these trends by region, humandevelopment level, and income level. Once again, the facts underscore the need to integrate disaster
reduction strategies and human development efforts, and the need for governments to take note of thisimportant concept and ensure its inclusion in their policy frameworks.

４７

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Table 10A: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Region
DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
Ot hers

Continent
AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOc eania
AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOc eania
AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOc eania

Others Total
Grand Total

Count of
DisNo

Sum of Killed

Sum of TotAff

Sum of DamageUS('000s)

69
205
464
173
100
1,011
944
1,551
2,337
832
404

9,175
66,590784,5218,724
2,976
871,986
578,751
99,515421,30741,472
1,524

2,085,894
12,949,330
75,158,386
2,836,768
317,655
93,348,033
342,482,272
141,399,236
4,654,039,361
23,974,358
19,480,782

8,755,608
58,526,032
256,459,233
34,369,376
2,907,400
361,017,649
9,931,189
385,185,187
274,930,538
170,036,326
20,434,267

6,068
618
169
306
109
38
1,240
8,319

1,142,569
112,812
14,49646,083
768
402
174,561
2,189,116

5,181,376,009
42,372,907
2,989,617
18,627,876
3,528,539
80,79967,599,738
5,342,323,780

860,517,507
102,430
5,670,700
19,240,824
3,118,249
1,162,006
29,294,209
1,250,829,365

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 10B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Region (Percentages)
DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
Ot hers

Others Total
Grand Total

Continent

Count of
DisNo

Sum of Killed

Sum of TotAff

Sum of DamageUS('000s)AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOceania

0.83%
2.46%
5.58%
2.08%
1.20%

0.42%
3.04%
35.84%
0.40%
0.14%

0.04%
0.24%
1.41%
0.05%
0.01%

0.70%
4.68%
20.50%
2.75%
0.23%

12.15%
11.35%
18.64%
28.09%
10.00%
4.86%
72.94%
7.43%
2.03%
3.68%
1.31%
0.46%
14.91%
100.00%39.83%
26.44%
4.55%
19.25%
1.89%
0.07%
52.19%
5.15%
0.66%
2.11%
0.04%
0.02%
7.97%
100.00%

1.75%
6.41%
2.65%
87.12%
0.45%
0.36%
96.99%
0.79%
0.06%
0.35%
0.07%
0.00%
1.27%
100.00%28.86%
0.79%
30.79%
21.98%
13.59%
1.63%
68.80%
0.01%
0.45%
1.54%
0.25%
0.09%
2.34%
100.00%AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOceania
AfricaAmericas
Asia
EuropeOceania４８Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 11A: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Region and Disaster Classification
C ont ine nt

D is C lassific at ion

C ount of
D isN oS um of Kille d

S um of T ot A ff

S um of D amage U S('0 0 0 s)

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t her s

69
944
618

9,175
578,751
112,8122,085,894
342,482,272
42,372,907

8,755,608
9,931,189
102,430

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t her s

1 ,6 3 1
205
1,551
169

7 0 0 ,7 3 866,59099,515
14,4963 8 6 ,9 4 1 ,0 7 3
12,949,330
141,399,236
2,989,617

1 8 ,7 8 9 ,2 2 758,526,032
385,185,187
5,670,700

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t her s

1 ,9 2 5
464
2,337
306

1 8 0 ,6 0 1
784,521421,30746,083

1 5 7 ,3 3 8 ,1 8 375,158,386
4,654,039,361
18,627,876

4 4 9 ,3 8 1 ,9 1 9
256,459,233
274,930,538
19,240,824

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t her s

3 ,1 0 7
173
832
109

1 ,2 5 1 ,9 1 1
8,724
41,472768

4 ,7 4 7 ,8 2 5 ,6 2 32,836,768
23,974,358
3,528,539

5 5 0 ,6 3 0 ,5 9 534,369,376
170,036,326
3,118,249

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t her s

1 ,1 1 4
100
404
38

5 0 ,9 6 4
2,976
1,524
402

3 0 ,3 3 9 ,6 6 5317,655
19,480,782
80,7992 0 7 ,5 2 3 ,9 5 1
2,907,400
20,434,267
1,162,006

542
8 ,3 1 9

4 ,9 0 2
2 ,1 8 9 ,1 1 6

1 9 ,8 7 9 ,2 3 6
5 ,3 4 2 ,3 2 3 ,7 8 0

2 4 ,5 0 3 ,6 7 3
1 ,2 5 0 ,8 2 9 ,3 6 5

A f r ic a

A fric a T ot al
A m er ic as

A me ric as T ot al
A sia

A sia T ot al
Eur ope

Europe T ot al
O c eania

O c e ania T ot al
G rand T ot al

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 11B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Region and Disaster Classification (Percentages)
C ont ine nt

D is C lassific at ion

A f ric a

A fric a T ot al
A meric as

A me ric as T ot al
A sia

A sia T ot al
EuropeEurope T ot al
O c eania

O c e ania T ot alGrand T ot al

Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t hers
Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t hers
Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t hers
Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t hers
Geo P hy D is
Hyd M et D is
O t hers

C ount of
D isN oS um of Kille d

S um of T ot A ff

S um of D amage US('0 0 0 s)

0.83%
11.35%
7.43%
1 9 .6 1 %2.46%
18.64%
2.03%
2 3 .1 4 %5.58%
28.09%
3.68%
3 7 .3 5 %2.08%
10.00%
1.31%
1 3 .3 9 %
1.20%
4.86%
0.46%
6 .5 2 %1 0 0 .0 0 %0.42%
26.44%
5.15%
3 2 .0 1 %
3.04%
4.55%
0.66%
8 .2 5 %35.84%
19.25%
2.11%
5 7 .1 9 %
0.40%
1.89%
0.04%
2 .3 3 %
0.14%
0.07%
0.02%
0 .2 2 %1 0 0 .0 0 %

0.04%
6.41%
0.79%
7 .2 4 %
0.24%
2.65%
0.06%
2 .9 5 %1.41%
87.12%
0.35%
8 8 .8 7 %
0.05%
0.45%
0.07%
0 .5 7 %
0.01%
0.36%
0.00%
0 .3 7 %1 0 0 .0 0 %

0.70%
0.79%
0.01%
1 .5 0 %4.68%
30.79%
0.45%
3 5 .9 3 %20.50%
21.98%
1.54%
4 4 .0 2 %2.75%
13.59%
0.25%
1 6 .5 9 %
0.23%
1.63%
0.09%
1 .9 6 %1 0 0 .0 0 %Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

４９

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

５０Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Table 12A: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Income Level
DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
OthersIncome classCount of DisNo Sum of Killed

Sum of TotAff

Sum ofDamageUS ('000s)

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

173
268
440
130

10,604
340,791
484,486
36,105

6,052,601
51,180,173
31,263,278
4,851,981

247,796,421
41,360,509
46,641,159
25,219,560

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

1,011
1,464
1,941
1,883
780

871,986
48,824910,485
130,152
53,10893,348,033
44,754,726
2,731,168,032
2,317,587,367
87,865,884

361,017,649
482,092,329
67,715,267
255,310,850
55,399,061

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

6,068
154
791
211
84

1,142,569
604
155,225
16,8601,872

5,181,376,009
2,685,217
58,459,222
5,530,802
924,497

860,517,507
8,795,056
19,263,829
618,074
617,250

1,240
8,319

174,561
2,189,116

67,599,738
5,342,323,780

29,294,209
1,250,829,365

Others Total
Grand Total

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 12B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Income Level(Percentages)
DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
OthersOthers Total
Grand Total

Income classCount of DisNo Sum of Killed

Sum of TotAff

Sum ofDamageUS ('000s)

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

2.08%
3.22%
5.29%
1.56%

0.48%
15.57%
22.13%
1.65%

0.11%
0.96%
0.59%
0.09%

19.81%
3.31%
3.73%
2.02%

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

12.15%
17.60%
23.33%
22.63%
9.38%

39.83%
2.23%
41.59%
5.95%
2.43%

1.75%
0.84%
51.12%
43.38%
1.64%

28.86%
38.54%
5.41%
20.41%
4.43%

HI
LI
LMI
UMI

72.94%
1.85%
9.51%
2.54%
1.01%

52.19%
0.03%
7.09%
0.77%
0.09%

96.99%
0.05%
1.09%
0.10%
0.02%

68.80%
0.70%
1.54%
0.05%
0.05%

14.91%
100.00%7.97%
100.00%1.27%
100.00%2.34%
100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

５１

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Table 13A: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Income Level and Disaster Classification
Income class Disaster Classification Count of DisNo Sum of KilledHI

HI TotalLI

LI Total
LMI

LMI Total
UMI

Sum of TotAff

Sum of DamageUS('000s)Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

173
1,464
154

10,604
48,824604

6,052,601
44,754,726
2,685,217

247,796,421
482,092,329
8,795,056

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

1,791
268
1,941
791

60,032
340,791
910,485
155,225

53,492,544
51,180,173
2,731,168,032
58,459,222

738,683,806
41,360,509
67,715,267
19,263,829

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

3,000
440
1,883
211

1,406,501
484,486
130,152
16,8602,840,807,427
31,263,278
2,317,587,367
5,530,802

128,339,605
46,641,159
255,310,850
618,074

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

2,534
130
780
84

631,498
36,105
53,1081,872

2,354,381,447
4,851,981
87,865,884
924,497

302,570,083
25,219,560
55,399,061
617,250

994
8,319

91,0852,189,116

93,642,362
5,342,323,780

81,235,871
1,250,829,365

UMI Total
Grand Total

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 13B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Income Level and Disaster Classification(Percentages)
Income class Disaster Classification Count of DisNo Sum of KilledHI

HI TotalLI

LI Total
LMI

LMI Total
UMI

UMI Total
Grand Total

Sum of TotAff

Sum of DamageUS('000s)Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others2.08%
17.60%
1.85%

0.48%
2.23%
0.03%

0.11%
0.84%
0.05%

19.81%
38.54%
0.70%

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

21.53%
3.22%
23.33%
9.51%

2.74%
15.57%
41.59%
7.09%

1.00%
0.96%
51.12%
1.09%

59.06%
3.31%
5.41%
1.54%

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others36.06%
5.29%
22.63%
2.54%

64.25%
22.13%
5.95%
0.77%

53.18%
0.59%
43.38%
0.10%

10.26%
3.73%
20.41%
0.05%

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others30.46%
1.56%
9.38%
1.01%

28.85%
1.65%
2.43%
0.09%

44.07%
0.09%
1.64%
0.02%

24.19%
2.02%
4.43%
0.05%

11.95%
100.00%4.16%
100.00%1.75%
100.00%6.49%
100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

５２

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Table 14A: 1975-2005 World Disaster Classification and Impact Characteristics by DisasterClassification and Human Development Level

DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
Ot hers

Humandevelopment

Count of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamageUS('000s)

HHD
LHD
MHD

213
79
719

10,96288,433
772,591

7,944,521
6,737,499
78,666,013

249,983,581
5,564,000
105,470,068

HHD
LHD
MHD

1,011
1,748
1,113
3,207

871,986
55,890781,851
304,828

93,348,033
64,130,864
709,221,031
4,408,024,114

361,017,649
513,439,004
24,383,318
322,695,185

HHD
LHD
MHD

6,068
181
569
490

1,142,569
875
117,524
56,1625,181,376,009
2,892,354
37,884,934
26,822,450

860,517,507
9,372,806
106,930
19,814,473

1,240
8,319

174,561
2,189,116

67,599,738
5,342,323,780

29,294,209
1,250,829,365

Others Total
Grand Total

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 14B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Human Development
Level (Percentages)

DisasterClassification
Geo Phy Dis

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
OthersOthers Total
Grand Total

Humandevelopment

Count of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamageUS('000s)

HHD
LHD
MHD

2.56%
0.95%
8.64%

0.50%
4.04%
35.29%

0.15%
0.13%
1.47%

19.99%
0.44%
8.43%

HHD
LHD
MHD

12.15%
21.01%
13.38%
38.55%

39.83%
2.55%
35.72%
13.92%

1.75%
1.20%
13.28%
82.51%

28.86%
41.05%
1.95%
25.80%

HHD
LHD
MHD

72.94%
2.18%
6.84%
5.89%

52.19%
0.04%
5.37%
2.57%

96.99%
0.05%
0.71%
0.50%

68.80%
0.75%
0.01%
1.58%

14.91%
100.00%7.97%
100.00%1.27%
100.00%2.34%
100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

５３

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

Table 15A: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Human Development Level and DisasterClassification

DisasterClassification

HHD

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

213
1,748
181

10,96255,890875

7,944,521
64,130,864
2,892,354

249,983,581
513,439,004
9,372,806

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

2,142
79
1,113
569

67,72788,433781,851
117,524

74,967,739
6,737,499
709,221,031
37,884,934

772,795,391
5,564,000
24,383,318
106,930

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

1,761
719
3,207
490

987,808
772,591
304,828
56,162753,843,464
78,666,013
4,408,024,114
26,822,450

30,054,248
105,470,068
322,695,185
19,814,473

4,416
8,319

1,133,581
2,189,116

4,513,512,577
5,342,323,780

447,979,726
1,250,829,365

HHD Total
LHD

LHD Total
MHD

MHD Total
Grand Total

Count ofSum of Killed Sum of TotAff
DisNo

Sum ofDamageUS('000s)Humandevelopment

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

Table 15B: 1975-2005 Disasters and Impacts by Human Development Level and DisasterClassification (Percentages)

Humandevelopment

DisasterClassification

Count of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamageUS('000s)HHD

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others

2.56%
21.01%
2.18%

0.50%
2.55%
0.04%

0.15%
1.20%
0.05%

19.99%
41.05%
0.75%

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others25.75%
0.95%
13.38%
6.84%

3.09%
4.04%
35.72%
5.37%

1.40%
0.13%
13.28%
0.71%

61.78%
0.44%
1.95%
0.01%

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis
Others21.17%
8.64%
38.55%
5.89%

45.12%
35.29%
13.92%
2.57%

14.11%
1.47%
82.51%
0.50%

2.40%
8.43%
25.80%
1.58%

53.08%
100.00%51.78%
100.00%84.49%
100.00%35.81%
100.00%

HHD Total
LHD

LHD Total
MHD

MHD Total
Grand Total

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

５４

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005

The extent of damage caused by natural disasters is clearly connected to a country’ssocio-economic level. As in previous years, the disaster statistics and trends for 2005 show thatdisaster management and post-disaster activities are crucial to sustainable development. In 2005, as inmany previous years, the impacts of natural disasters were closely related to poverty, education,
quality of health, gender related issues, and changing policy scenarios in relation to global
socio-economic characteristics. Hence, disaster mitigation and management strategies must
incorporate these components to create a holistic disaster management approach that includes
strategies for sustainable development.

５５