On new or little-known Tipulidee.

275

XXIII.--lVew or little-known Tipulid~e (Diptera).--LVII.
Neotropical Species. By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER,
Ph.D., F.R.E.S., Massachusetts State College, Amherst,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
THE interesting series of crane-flies described at thistime were secured in various parts of eastern Ecuador
by Mr. William Clarke-Macintyre and native collectors.
I express m y very deep thanks to the collectors fortheir continued interest in saving these too often neglected
flies. The types are preserved in m y personal collection.
Ozodicera (Ozodicera) trispinifer, sp. n.
General coloration brownish grey, the pr~escutumwith four concolorous stripes that are narrowly borderedby more reddish brown; antennae with basal threesegments obscure brownish yellow, the remaining segments black; flagellar branches short; wings brownish
grey, the base and costal border more brownish yellow ;abdominal tergites reddish brown, trivittate with darkbrown; sternites yellow; male hypopygium with innerdististyle complex, its outer arm trispinous, the more
slender inner arm bifid at apex.
Male.--Length about 25 ram. ; wing 20 mm. ; antenna
about 5-8 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish black, subequalin length to remainder of h e a d ; nasus conspicuous;
palpi black. Antennae relatively long; basal threesegments obscure brownish yellow, the remaining segments
black; flagellar branches relatively short and stout,
simple, subequal in length to the segments; terminal
simple segments progressively elongate. Head brownish
g r e y ; anterior vertex narrow, a little more than onehalf the diameter ef the scape.
Mesonotal pr~escutum brownish grey, with four concolorous stripes that are narrowly bordered by more
reddish brown ; scutum reddish brown ; scutellum grey,parascutella more reddish; postnotum more yellowish
grey pruinose. Pleura chiefly light grey. t{alteres infuscated. Legs with coxm pale, dusted with g r e y ;trochanters yellow; femora reddish brown; tibiae
brown; tarsi black. Wings brownish grey, the prearcular and costal regions, with the stigma, brownish
18"

276

Dr. C. P. Alexander onyellow; veins brown. Venation: distal half of RI+ ~pale ; R~ short ; r-m reduced ; cell M 1 broadly sessile.
Abdominal tergites reddish brown, trivittate withdark brown, restricting the ground-colour to sublaterallines ; sternites yellow. Male hypopygium with the innerdististyle heavilysclerotized and very complex in structure ;outer arm short and broad, trispinous at apex, the medianspine short; inner arm longer than the outer, its stem
slender, at apex conspicuously bifid, the outer brancha curved flattened spine, the inner branch more expanded
at apex.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres
April 11, 1937 (Macintyre).
The most similar species is Ozodicera (Ozodicera)
bispinifer Alexander, of Amazonian Brazil, which issomewhat smaller and with the hypopygium, especiallythe inner dististyle, differently constructed.

Holorusia lassula, sp. n.
Size large (wing, ~, over 20 mm.) ; general coloration
dark brown, the preescutum and scutum variegated withmore reddish brown; pleura with a conspicuous longitudinal yellow stripe; antennae elongate, the segments
vaguely serrate; wings with a strong brown tinge,
sparsely patterned with darker brown and cream-coloured
areas ; male hypopyginm with the tergite small, its apex
trilobed; outer dististyle flattened, the apex truncate
and produced into about eight spinous points.
Male.--Length about 16-18 mm. ; wing 21-24 mm. ;antenna about 7-7.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head relatively long, subequalin length to remainder of head, brownish black ; nasus
long and conspicuous; palpi black, the incisures restrictedly paler. Antennm (male) elongate ; basal threeor four segments obscure yellow, the outer segments
passing into black ; flagellar segments elongate, withoutbasal swelling; each flagellar segment arises from theoblique apex of the preceding, so the latter is slightly
extended beyond the base of the next, producing a feebly
serrated appearance. Head deep cinnamon brown, thevertex with a more or less distinct paler median vitta ;posterior orbits more or less pruinose ; anterior vertex
about two-and-one-half times the diameter of the scape.

new or little-kr6own Tipulid~e.

277

Pronotum chiefly yellow, especially on sides. Mesonotum chiefly and almost uniformly dark brown, thepr~escutum with indications of four more reddish-brown
stripes, the centres of the scutal lobes similarly brightened.
Pleura with a broad, conspicuous, yellow stripe extending
from the pronotum to beneath the wing-root, involving
the dorsopleural membrane; ventral pleurotergite moresilvery, forming the posterior end of the yellow pleuralstripe ; a black longitudinal stripe lying ventrad of theyellow one; remainder of pleura greyish, vaguely
patterned with brown. Halteres dusky, base of stem
yellow. Legs with cox~e and trochanters pale brown;
femora brownish yellow, the tips more blackened, incases with a poorly indicated subterminal ring; tibiae
and tarsi brown, passing into black, the tibial bases
restrictedly yellow. Wings with a strong brown tinge,
the oval stigma darker brown ; restricted brown clouds atarculus, origin ef Rs and m - c u ; small cream-coloured
spots in outer cells, incmding cells R~, two in M1, one
in base of 2nd M2, and one in outer end of cell 1st A ;pale areas before and beyond origin of Rs and alongvein Cu in cell M ; veins brown. Venation: R a notstrongly arcuated, weakly angular at mid-length.
Abdomen relatively short; tergites dark brown,
more or less variegated with obscure yellow; sternites
yellow; apex of hypopygium paling to yellow. Male
hypopygium with the tergite small, its apex trilobed,
the median lobe broader than the laterals; lobes set
with strong blackened set~e. Outer dististyle flattened,
curved, the apex truncate, with about eight irregularpale teeth.
ttab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres,
September 21, 1937 (Macintyre). Paratopotype, ~, August
20, 1937 (Macintyre).
Holorusia lassula is quite distinct from all other regional
species of the genus in the elongate antennae of peculiar
structure, the pattern of the wings, and, especially, the:structure of the male hypopygium.
Tipula obirata, sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum obscure brownish
yellow, the pr~escutum with three black stripes, the median
one partly split by a pale line ; a conspicuous black spot

278

Dr. C. P. Alexander onon dorsopleural region ; scutellum pale ; postnotum
brownish black ; knobs of halteres dark brown ; femora
yellow, the tips narrowly black ; wings yellow, variegatedwith pale brown and dark brown; RI+ ~ atrophied;basal abdominal tergites yellow, blackened laterally :valves of ovipositor slender.
Female.--Length about 12 ram. ; wing 13 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow, including thenasus, the latter tufted with black setm; palpi black.
Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum black ;verticils (female) shorter than the segments. Headbuffy, scarcely darker medially; vertical tubercle low
and inconspicuous.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal pr~escutum nitidous, obscure brownish yellow, with three black stripes, themedian one partly split by a pale line; a conspicuous
black spot on dorsopleural region opposite the cephalicend of the lateral stripe ; scutal lobes brownish black,the median region testaceous; scutellum yellow, parascutella brownish black; postnotum, including both
mediotergite and pleurotergite, brownish black. Pleura
chiefly yellow, the anepisternum and sternopleurite
more variegated with brown. Halteres with stem yellow,
knob dark brown. Legs with the coxm and trochanters
yellow; femora yellow, the tips narrowly blackened,
the amount subequal on all legs, the tips preceded bya scarcely differentiated clearer yellow ring; tibimyellowish brown, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsi
black. Wings with the ground-colour cream-yellow,
variegated with dark and pale brown areas ; prearcularregion and interspaces of cell Sc brighter yellow ; darker
areas arranged as follows: postareular and stigmal,
with two further subcostal spots between, the secondat origin of Rs, these two areas interconnected posteriorly
in cells R and M ; paler brown areas extensive, subequalin extent to the yellow ground, the latter appearing
chiefly as an incomplete band beyond stigma, bases ofouter medial cells, and as two broad bands crossing
the wing before cord, one subbasal, the second before
cord and not quite reaching the posterior border ; veins
yellow in the ground, darker in the clouded areas.
Venation : RI+ , atrophied ; R s a n d R3 subequal in length ;petiole of cell M 1 subequal to m ; m-cu connecting with

new or little-know~ Tipulidm.

279vein M4, the basal section of the latter long and perpendicular.
Basal abdominal tergites yellow, blackened laterally,
the outer tergites more obscure brownish yellow, variegatedsublaterally with dark brown or brownish black, theextreme margins pale ; sternites obscure brownish yellow,
variegated with darker brown on either side; genital
shield yellow; cerci long and slender; hypovalwe andbases more blackened.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~_,Yunguilla, Rio Blanco, altitude 1900 metres,
August 3, 1937 (Macintyre).
In the wing-pattern and venation this fly is mostsimilar to Tipula fraudulenta Alexander, likewise from
Ecuador, differing conspicuously in the body-pattern,coloration of the antennal flagellum, pattern of the femora
and other characters. It is possible that both of these
species are better placed in the subgenus Microtipula
Alexander, despite the major size.

Tipula jubilans, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, the prsescutum with dark
spots at cephalic median portion and behind each pseudosutural fovea ; femora yellow, the tips narrowly black;tibiae and tarsi uniformly black ; wings yellow, handsomely
patterned with b r o ~ n ; vein R~+~ entire; abdomenyellow, the lateral margin of second tergite narrowly
blackened.
Female.--Length about 12 ram. ; wing 12 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head yellow ; nasus distinct ;palpi with basal two segments brown, the terminal
segments dark brown. Antennee with scape and pedicel
light yellow; first flagellar segment brownish yellow,
remaining segments black, with long verticils. Headfulvous brown, the anterior vertex yellow, about fourtimes as wide as the diameter of scape.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prsescutum fulvous yellow,
the usual stripes scarcely differentiated except by theirmore polished nature, the extreme cephalic end of
median stripe brownish black; a circular black spoton margin of prmscutum, immediately behind thepseudosutural fovese ; posterior sclerites of notum fulvous
yellow. Pleura, including the dorsopleural membrane,

280

Dr. C. P. Alexander onyellow. Halteres yellow, the base of knob weakly
darkened. I~egs with the eoxm and trochanters yellow;
femora obscure yellow, the tips rather narrowly but
conspicuously black, the amount subequal on all legs,
the ring preceded by a more or less distinct clearer yellow
annulus; tibiae and tarsi entirely black. Wings withthe ground-colour yellow, the prearcular and costal
portions more saturated yellow; a restricted brownpattern, as follows: a major blotch at h, extending
caudad and expanded, reaching vein Cu 2 behind; spota t origin of R8 and another before mid-length of vein R ;a larger darkening in cell M adjoining vein Cu at near
two-thirds its length; stigma darker brown, confluent
with a dark cloud on anterior cord ; all outer radial andmedial cells darkened, with conspicuous central areas ofthe pale ground-colour, the dark colour thus more or lessconfined to the veins ; more restricted brown washes inouter ends of anal cells; veins dark brown, yellow in
the ground areas. Squama naked. Venation: RI+ 2
entire, its basal half with trichia ; Rs more than twice
m-cu ; petiole of cell M1 subequal to m.
Abdominal tergites yellow, the lateral margin of second
tergite narrowly blackened; sternites light yellow.
Ovipositor with cerci nearly straight, horn-coloured.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, 9, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres,
September 20, 1937 (Macintyre).
Tipula jubilans is very different from the other specieso f the genus so far made known. The lack of darkclouding near the outer end of cell M distinguishes the
species from other regional forms that have t h e wingpattern generally similar.

Tipula (Microtipula) fatidica, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, variegated with black;~ntennal flagellum uniformly black; head dark g r e y ;pr~eseutum with a conspicuous black stripe on lateralborder; posterior selerites of notum and pleura chiefly
d a r k e n e d ; halteres yellow, the knob dark brown;
tibiae and tarsi black; wings whitish cream colour,heavily patterned with brown; cell C almost uniformly infuscated, cell Sc variegated alternately withbrown and yellow ; outer abdominal segments uniformly
blackened.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

281

Male.--Length about 10 mm. ; wing 10 mm. ; antenna
about 2-3 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head dark brown; nasus
scarcely developed ; palpi black. Antennae of moderate
length, if bent backward about reaching the wing-root;
scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum black ; flagellar segments nearly cylindrical, the basal enlargements notor scarcely developed; longest verticils a little shorter
than the segments. Front yellow; vertex dark g r e y ;vertical tubercle very small.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal prsescutum obscure yellow,
with three black stripes, the surface nitidous ; lateral
margin of pr~escutum opposite anterior ends of prsescutal stripes and partly involving the dorsopleural
membrane intensely black ; posterior sclerites of notum
chiefly darkened, the scutellum and central area of
mediotergite testaceous. Pleura obscure yellow, heavily
variegated with brown, the pleurotergite blackened ; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres yellow, the knob darkbrown. Legs with the fore and middle coxse dark brown,
posterior eoxse yellow; trochanters yellow; femora
yellow basally, passing into brown at near mid-length,
the tips broadly blackened, preceded by a clearly-defined
yellow ring of nearly equal w i d t h ; dark postmedial
ring less indicated on posterior than on other legs ; tibiae
a n d tarsi black. Wings with the ground-colour whitish
cream colour, very heavily patterned with brown;
prearcular field chiefly darkened ; cell C almost uniformly
infuscated, a little darker at h ; cell Sc chiefly dark,with alternating yellow areas, the two lying basad oforigin of Rs much reduced, the third outer area more
extensive ; remainder of disk with the brown and cream
areas nearly equal in extent, the latter including a broad
nicomplete cross-band beyond cord, bases of outer medial
cells and extensive areas in the basal and anal cells;,an extensive postareular darkening in bases of cells
R and M ; veins dark, pale in the ground areas.
Venation: Rs straight, Re+ 3 long, about one-half R s ;R 3 long and straight, subequal to Rs; basal section of
MI+ 2 long and nearly erect, cell 1st Me thus unusuMly
high, its greatest length about one-hMf more than thewidth ; cell 2nd A narrow.
Basal abdominal tergite yellow; segments two andthree extensively variegated with black; fourth and282

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

succeeding segments uniformly black; basal sternites
brownish yellow, the sixth and outer segments black.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, ~, Bafios, altitude 1900 metres, May 10,
1935 (Macintyre).
The nearest described relative is Tipula (Microtipula),
atrovelutina Alexander, of Paraguay, which differs innumerous details of coloration of the body, halteres,legs and wings.

Tipula (Eumicrotipula) petiolaris, sp. n.
General coloration brown, pr~escutal stripes scarcely
evident; frontal prolongation of head yellow above,
blackened on sides; antennal flagellum bicoloured;
pleura brownish black, variegated with yellow; legs
black, the femora with a narrow yellow subterminal
ring; wings cream-yellow, variegated with dark andlighter brown areas ; dark costal areas not interconnectedbehind ; macrotrichia in outer two-thirds of cells beyond
cord; petiole of cell M 1 exceeding vein m ; abdominal
segments dimidiate, brownish black to black, the posteriorborders broadly yellow.
Female.--Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 9 ram.
Frontal prolongation of head obscure yellow above,
blackened on sides; nasus very reduced; palpi black.
Antennae with scape and pedicel light yellow; flagellar
segments bicoloured, black basally, the distal ends
yellow, the bicolorous nature extending to the terminal
segment. Head dark brown behind, paler brown onanterior vertex ; front buffy.
Mesonotum brown, the prmscutal stripes scarcely
evident ; posterior selerites of notum dark brown. Pleura
brownish black, variegated with yellow on dorsopleural
membrane, on ventral pteropleurite and along suture
between sternopleurite and anepisternum. Halteres long,stem yellow, knob dark brown, Legs with the fore
coxse darkened, the remaining coxm testaceous yellow;
trochanters yellow; femora brownish black, restrictedly
obscure yellow at base, the tips black, preceded by aslightly narrower, clear yellow ring; tibiae and tarsi
black. Wings with the ground-colour cream-yellow,
heavily marbled with dark and lighter brown; cell C
pale brown, except at the ends; large darker brownnew or little-l~nown Tipulid~e.

283

areas at arculus, mid-length of cell Sc, origin of Its, andstigma, the areas not interconnected posteriorly, thecentre pair not invading cell C; beyond the cord, thecells brown, checkered with small ground spots, including
a nearly marginal series at ends of cells ; basad of cord,
the ground-colour exceeds the dark in amount, especiallyin cells R and M ; major dark areas in cell M at outerend and near mid-length; veins yellow in the groundareas, darker elsewhere. Macrotrichia in outer twothirds of cells beyond cord. Venation: cell M I longpetiolate, the petiole exceeding vein m ; m - c u on M ajust beyond origin; Ma+ 4 only about two-thirds thebasal section of MI+ e.
Abdomen with the segments dimidiate, brownish
black to black basally, the posterior borders broadly
yellow.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~_, Mapoto, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1400 metres,
September 28, 1938 (Macintyre).
The other species of Eumicrotipula are from southern
Brazil and northern Argentina, these including T. (E.)
hostifica Alexander, T. (E.) iguazuensis Alexander, thesubgenotype T. (E.) macrotrichiata Alexander, andT. (E.)perstudiosa Alexander. All of the above species,
having cell M1 petiolate, have the maerotrichia of thecells much more extensive and the wing-pattern quitedistinct, with the dark costal areas interconnected
posteriorly in cell R.
Limonia (Neolimnobia) interstitialis, sp. n.
General coloration yellow, the pronotum and anterior
third of pr~escutum with a median brown stripe ; legs
dark brown ; wings pale yellow, very sparsely patternedwith brown ; Sc short ; supernumeralT cross-vein incell Ra .in direct transverse alignment with vein R2;cell 1st M e longer than any of the veins beyond it ; m - c u
at fork of M ; ovipositor with small slender cerci.
Female.--Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7 ram.
Rostrum brown; palpi black. Antennae with scapeyellow, pedicel dark brown, flagellum black; basal
flagellar segments short and crowded, the outer ones
oval with well-marked incisures; terminal segment
longer than the penultimate. Head dark brown.

284

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Pronotum yellow, narrowly dark brown medially.
Mesonotum reddish yellow, the pr~escutum with a darkbrown median line on anterior t h i r d ; scutellum andmediotergite more broadly but less distinctly darkened
medially. Pleura yellow. Halteres with stem pale,knob dark brown. Legs with cox~e yellow ; trochantersgreenish; remainder of legs dark brown; claws witha major outer spine and about two smaller basal ones.
Wings with a very pale yellow tinge, sparsely patternedwith brown, appearing as seams at arculus, origin ofRs, fork of Sc, cord, R2, supernumerary cross-vein in cell
R 3 and along the outer end of cell 1st M~ ; veins brown.
Venation: Sc short, Sc I ending shortly beyond originof Rs, Sc~ at its t i p ; Rs long, angulated and shortspurred at origin ; a supernumerary cross-vein in cell Ra
in direct transverse alignment with R~; cell 1st M~
longer than any of the veins beyond it ; m-cu at forkof M, longer than distal section of Cu 1 ; cell 2nd A wide.
One wing of type has an adventitious cross-vein in cell Ra,
additional to the supernumerary.
Abdominal tergites obscure brownish yellow, the incisures a little darker, to produce a weak dimidiate
effect ; basal sternites more uniformly yellow. Ovipositor
with cerci slender, gently curved, much smaller andweaker than the strong hypovalv~e.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Mapoto, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1300 metres,
October 1, 1938 (Macintyre).
The general appearance of the present fly is more asin the repanda group of the typical subgenus Limonia.
I am referring it to Neolimnobia with much question andsolely on the basis of the presence of a supernumerarycross-vein in cell Ra of the wings. I t is very different
from all other species of Neolimnobia and the memberso f the repanda group.
Limonia (Geranomyia) rabula, sp. n.
General coloration pale brownish testaceous, thepr~eseutum unstriped; rostrum elongate; knobs ofhalteres infuscated ; legs brown ; wings with a brownish
tinge, the oval stigma darker brown ; Sc 1 ending shortly
before mid-length of Rs ; abdominal tergites dark brown,sternites yellow, male hypopygium with the ventral

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

285

dististyle large and fleshy; rostral prolongation small,with two long spines from a low common tubercle.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 ram. ;wing 7.5 ram. ; rostrum about 4.2 ram.
Rostrum long, brown; labial palpi slender; palpi
dark brown. Antennae about one-third the length ofrostrum, black ; flagellar segments oval, poorly delimited.
Head dark grey ; anterior vertex reduced, a little narrower
than the diameter of the scape.
Thoracic dorsum almost uniformly pale brownish
testaceous, pr~escutum unstriped; scutal lobes andscutellum a trifle darker. Pleura yellow, the anepisternum a little darker. Halteres short, stem yellow,
knob infuscated. Legs with the cox~e and trochanterspale yellow; remainder of legs brown, tibiae and tarsi
somewhat darker; claws almost simple. Wings witha brown tinge, unmarked except for the oval, darker
brown stigma ; veins dark brown. Venation : Sc
moderately long, Sc 1 ending shortly before mid-lengthof Rs, Sc 2 at its tip ; supernumerary cross-vein in cell Sc
at near mid-distance between arculus and origin of R s ;r-m reduced ; cell 1st M e a little shorter than vein MI+ 2
beyond it ; m-cu at fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, sternites yellow ;hypopygium brownish yellow. Male hypopygium withthe caudal margin of tergite subtransverse, feebly toscarcely notched. Basistyle small. Ventral dististyle
very large, with small rostral prolongation; rostralspines elongate, about one-half longer than the prolongation, arising from a low common tubercle, subequal
to one another in length. Gonapophyses with mesalapical lobes pale, at tips strongly curved into acute points.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Bafios, Tungurahua, altitude 2000 metres,
May 25, 1937 (Macintyre).
JLimonia (Geranomyia) radula somewhat resembles
L. (G.) turbida (Alexander) but is readily told by the
structure of the male hypopygium.
Limonia (Geranomyia ) inxquispinosa, sp. n.
General coloration ale reddish yellow, the pr~escutumP"dwith a single median brown stripe; pleura unmarKe ;femora pale brown, deepening to a darker ring before

286

Dr. C. P. Alexander o~the yellow tips ; wings ochreous, very sparsely patternedwith brown, including a common area at origin of R8
and fork of Sc ; cell l~t M 2 elongate, exceeding any ofthe veins beyond it ; male hypopygium with the rostralspines of the ventral dististyle arising from separate
tubercles, very unequal in size, the outer hair-like.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h , excluding rostrum, about 6 ram. ;wing 7 mm. ; rostrum about 3 ram.
Rostrum about one-haft the length of remainder ofbody, black, the labial palpi a little paler. Antennm
black throughout; flagellar segments suboval. Headgrey, darker behind.
Mesonotal prmscutum reddish yellow with a single,
darker brown, median stripe, the humeral region slightly
tinged with green; scutal lobes weakly infumed, themedian area pale; scutellum uniformly pale yellow;
mediotergite darkened. Pleura uniformly reddish yellow,
unmarked. Halteres with stem yellow, knob tinged
with greenish. Legs with the coxm and trochanterspale yellow; femora pale brown, deeper outwardly
to form a vague ring before the broad yellow apex;
tibim and tarsi brown. Wings tinged with ochreous,the prearcular field and cell Sc clearer yellow ; a restrictedbrown pattern, including the oval stigma ; a small cloudat the supernumerary crass-vein in cell S c ; a small
common area involving the origin of R s and fork of Sc ;vague to scarcely apparent seams along cord and outerend of cell 1st M 2 ; extensive but very pale brown clouds
at ends of Cu and both anal veins ; veins yellow, darker
in the clouded areas. Venation: Sc short, Sc 1 ending
shortly beyond origin of Rs, Sc 2 at its tip ; supernumerarycross-vein in cell Sc at near mid-length of cell ; cell 1st M 2elongate, exceeding any of the veins issuing from i t ;m - c u close to fork of M.
Abdomen light brown; hypopygium slightly paler.
Male hypopygium with the tergite moderately emarginate.
Ventral dististyle relatively extensive, its area about
twice that of the basistyle ; rostral prolongation relatively
slender, with two spines that are entirely separate arisingfrom small basal tubercles ; proximal spine much stouterand a little longer than the hair-like outer spine.
Gonapophyses with mesal-apical lobes long and slender,
pale.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).

new or little-known Tipulidm.

287

Holotype, ~, Bafios, Tungurahua, altitude 2000 metres,
May 25, I937 (Macintyre). Paratopotypes, 2 ~ .
Limonia (Geranomyia) inxquispinosa is quite distinct
from all allied regional species, having a single pr~escutal
stripe, yellow femoral tips and sparsely patterned wings,
with a common dark area at origin of Rs and fork of So.
The structure of the male hypopygium is distinctive.
Limonia (Geranomyia) destricta, sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum obscure yellow, withthree narrow brown discal stripes, together with more
broadly darkened lateral margins ; wings heavily patternedwith brown, including major areas at base, supernumerarycross-vein in cell Sc, stigma and cord, wing-apex andmarginal clouds at ends of anal veins; ground area
beyond cord broad; male hypopygium with the tworostral spines arising from a common tubercle; mesalapical lobes of gonapophyses slender, gently curved, thetips acute.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 6.5 ram. ;wing 8.8 ram. ; rostrum about 4 mm.
Rostrum relatively long, exceeding one-half the bodyin length ; both the labrum and labial palpi of unusual
length, brownish black, the tips of the palpi a littlebrightened. Antennae brownish black, with inconspicuous
verticils. Head black, the vertex with a capillary silvery
median vitta that is equal in width to the anterior vertex.
Pronotum ochreous, a little darker medially. Mesonotal pr~escutum obscure yellow, sparsely pruinose, withthree narrow brown stripes, the lateral borders of thesclerite more broadly darkened ; median area of scutum
yellow, lobes brownish grey, encircled by dark brown;
scutellum obscure yellow; mediotergite reddish brown,
the cephalic portion more darkened. Pleura reddish,the anepisternum conspicuously darkened, the pteropleurite and pleurotergite less evidently so. Halteresyellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxee
and troehanters obscure y e l l o w ; remainder of legs
broken. Wings with the ground colour yellow, the costal
border more saturated; an unusually heavy brownpattern, as follows: postarcular in cells Sc and R ; atsupernumerary cross-vein in cell Sc, involving cells C, Sc
and R, more extensive than the pale interspaces on eitherside; a major common area at origin of Rs and fork

288

Dr. C. P. Alexander onof Sc, interrupted by a tiny pale spot in cell Sc but
broadly continuous in cells R and R1; stigma, forkof Rs and cord, all interconnected; outer end of cell
1st M2, connected with an extensive apical clouding
in cells S% to M4 ; major dark clouds at ends of analveins ; vague pale brown washes in cells M, Cu and 1st A ;veins yellow, darker in the clouded areas. Venation:
Sc moderately long, Sc 1 ending about opposite one-third
the length of Rs, Sc 2 near its tip ; free tip of Sc~ longitudinal in position and a little longer than R~; cell
1st M S elongate, subequal to vein MI+ ~ beyond i t ;m-cu at fork of M, a little shorter than distal sectionof vein Cu r
Abdomen, including hypopygium, light brown, thecaudal borders of the segments vaguely paler. Male
hypopygium with the dorsal dististyle narrower than intatei. Ventral dististyle larger, the rostral prolongationand spines very similar, the latter arising from a common
tubercle at extreme base of prolongation. Gonapophyses
with mesal-apical lobes appearing as slender, gently
curved horns, with a very low flange on margin at near
mid-length, the tips acute.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Bafios, Tungurahua, altitude 2000 metres,
May 25, 1937 (Macintyre).
The nearest relative seems undoubtedly to be thesmaller Limonia (Geranomyia) tatei Alexander, of thesummit of Mount Roraima, which is distinguished by thewing-pattern and structure of the male hypopyginm.
Teucholabis (Paratropesa) subcoUaris, sp n.

General coloration black, without metallic reflections ;antennse black throughout; posterior femora yellow,
with narrow brown subbasal and subapical rings;
posterior tibise brownish yellow; wings whitish subhyaline, patterned with brown, including a darkened
area in bases of cells Cu and 1st A that does not involve
cells R or M ; abdominal tergites uniformly black ;apical spine of basistyle small and slender.
Male.--Length about 6 ram. ; wing 5.5 ram.
Rostrum yellow ; palpi dark brown. Antennm black ;flagellar segments oval. Head black, paler on front
and occiput.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

289

Pronotum pale yellow. Mesonotum and pleura black,
without blue or purple reflections, ttalteres with stem
brownish black, knob light yellow. Legs with fore andmiddle cox~e yellow, posterior cox~e darker; trochanters
yellow; fore femora black; middle femora yellow ;posterior femora yellow, with a narrow dark ring beyondbase and a similar narrow ring before apex, both baseand tip being narrowly pale ; fore tibiee and tarsi black ;middle tibiae pale brown, the tarsi darker outwardly;
posterior tibiae brownish yellow, tarsi black; posterior
basitarsi conspicuously dilated on more t h a n basal half.
Wings whitish or very pale yellowish subhyaline, patternedwith pale brown ; a dark cloud in bases of cells Cu and
1st A, not involving cells R or M ; a relatively narrow
band before and at cord, beginning at the darker brownstigma, completely traversing the wing; outer band
involving the broad apex, back to the level of outerend of cell 1st M S ; veins dark brown, pale in the whitenedprearcular field. Venation: Sc 1 ending just beyond
origin of the strongly arcuated R s ; R~ at fork of R s ;R3 present in the left wing of the holotype, entirely
atrophied in the right wing ; a long fusion of veins Rs
and MI+ ~ to beyond mid-length of cell 1st M s ; m-cu
shortly before fork of M.
Abdominal tergites black ; second sternite with a narrow
yellow ring ; hypopygium black. Male hypopygiumwith the apical spine of basistyle small and very slender.
2Edeagus terminating in a short, gently curved spine.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres
September 18, 1937 (Macintyre).
Teucholabis (Paratropesa) subcollaris is most similar t oT. (P.) collaris (Osten Sacken), of Amazonian Brazil,
differing in the diagnostic characters given above. I t
seems certain t h a t several species have been confused
under the comprehensive name collaris.
T eucholabi8 (T eucholabis ) atripennis , sp. n.
General coloration of thorax deep reddish brown,
abdomen black ; halteres black ; legs black, the femoral
bases pale, most extensively so on posterior legs; posterior tibiae dilated and pale yellow shortly before
tip ; wings strongly suffused with blackish, unpatterned ;Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 11. Vol. v.
19

290

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Sc ending beyond mid-length of R s ; branches of Rs
parallel to one another; male hypopygmm with apicalspine of basistyle short, provided with set~e and weakspines ; outer dististyle simple ; inner dististyle terminating in a simple cultrate blade.
Male.--Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7.5 ram.
Rostrum black, nearly equal in length to remainderof head; palpi black. Antennae black throughout;flagellar segments oval. Head dark.
Mesonotal pr~escutum deep reddish brown; scutum
and scutellum blackened; mediotergite dark, paler onposterior portion. Pleura chiefly deep reddish brown.
Halteres black throughout. Legs with coxm yellowish
testaceous; remainder of legs black, femoral bases
paler, widest on posterior legs where only the distal
fourth is blackened; posterior tibiae with a narrow,pale yellow, subterminal ring on the dilated portion;
posterior tibim near tip and basitarsi on proximal thirdvonspicuously dilated. Wings strongly suffused withblackish, the outer radial field somewhat darker;
stigma oval, darker brownish black; veins dark brown.
Venation: Sc I ending nearly' opposite three-fifths thelength of R s ; R2+8+4 about one-third the length of R , ;branches of Rs parallel to one another for their entire
length, cell R~ at margin thus very wide ; inner end ofcell 1st Ms lying slightly proximad of other elementsof cord, m-cu shortly beyond fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium with the apical spine of basistyle simple, shorta n d broad at base, terminating in an acute point, thesurface of spine with scattered appressed set~e that become
longer and more abundant at base of the apical point ;mesal edge of spine with a series of serrations. Outerdististyle simple, slightly dilated on basal two-thirds,
the apex narrowed ; long coarse set~e virtually to the very
short apical spine; distal third with a few microscopic
appressed denticles. Inner dististyle terminating in a
simple cultrate blade, bearing a conspicuous obtuse
lobe at base. ~Edeagus terminating in a long powerful
black spine.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altituae 1200 metres,
September 21, 1937 (Macintyre).

n~w or little-lcnown Tipulid~e.

291

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) atripennis is closest to species
such as T. (T.)flavithorax (Wiedemann) and T. (T.)
schineri Enderlein, differing conspicuously in the venation,coloration of legs, and structure of the male hypopygium.
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) biramosa, sp. n.
Size large (wing, ~, over 8 ram.} ; mesonotal pr~escutum
dark reddish brown, scutal lobes and scutellum more
blackened ; halteres dark ; legs black, the femoral bases
paler ; wings strongly suffused with blackish, variegatedby more whitish areas near wing-base and before andbeyond cord; stigma and a confluent seam on anterior
cord darker; male hypopygium with apex of basistyle
produced into a bispinous plate ; outer dististyle simple.
Male.---Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 8.5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm black throughout ;flagellar segments oval, the verticils much exceeding thesegments in length. Head black.
iVlesonotum almost uniformly dark reddish brown,
the scutal lobes and scutellum more blackened. Pleura
reddish brown. Halteres blackened. Legs with thecoxm and trochanters reddish brown; femora black,the femoral bases paler; remainder of legs black;posterior tibiae with dilation shortly before apex. Wings
almost uniformly suffused with blackish, the stigma
and a confluent seam on anterior cord darker brown;slightly paler areas at wing-base and before and beyond
cord ; veins black. Venation : Sc 1 ending about opposite
two-thirds the length of Rs, Sc 2 shortly before mid-lengthof Rs; R2+3+4 nearly one-half R 2 alone; cell 1st M2
nearly as long as vein M1+2 beyond it.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium with the basistyle relatively slender, at apex
produced into a flattened plate that bears an outerstraight spine and an inner, shorter, curved spine; faceof basistyle on mesal margin bearing a darkened lobe.
Outer dististyle a simple dark rod bearing relatively
few setm and scattered spines. Inner dististyle withthe outer apical spine very much larger than the inner.
Apex of zedeagus produced into a powerful spine.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude -1200 metres,
September 21, 1937 (Macintyre).
19"

292

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Teucholabis (Teucholabis) biramosa is most similar to
species such as T. (T.)flavithorax (Wiedemann) andT. (T.) schineri Enderlein, differing conspicuously inthe venation and the coloration of the legs. Very few
known species of the genus have the apical spine of thebasistyle bifid, as is the case in the present fly.
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) neoleridensis, sp. n.
Allied to leridensis ; general coloration of metathorax
polished black; prothorax yellow; knobs of halteresyellow ; fore femora chiefly blackened, remaining femora
yellow; wings with apical cells weakly infumed;a large oval brown cloud on vein Cu, occupying both
cells M and Cu; cell Sc chiefly d a r k ; stigma and anarrow seam on cord darkened; Sc short, Sc 1 ending
just beyond origin of Rs; abdomen polished black,the sternites variegated with yellow ; male hypopygiumwith apical spine of basistyle long and slender; outerdististyle with three strong marginal spines on basal
portion, the apex broad, terminating in three or four
irregular spines; inner dististyle with apical beakrelatively narrow, pendulous ; ~edeagus with apical lobe
truncate at apex.
Male.--Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5.5 ram.
Rostrum brown ; palpi black. Antennae with scape andpedicel brown, flagellum black ; flagellar segments oval,
relatively stout, the incisures between segments welldemarked. Head dark brown in front, more reddish
behind.
Prothorax uniformly yellow. Mesothorax almost uniformly polished black, the restricted humeral region ofpr~escutum and lateral ends of suture a trifle more piteous.
Pleura without silvery pubescence. Halteres with stem
hairy, dark brown, knob yellow. Legs with all cox~
and trochanters yellow; fore femora chiefly black, thebases restrictedly yellow, fore tibiae and tarsi black ;middle and posterior femora yellow, tibiae brown, tarsi
black. Wings with apical cells weakly infumed, thecolour extending posteriorly to the end of vein 1st A ;stigma darker brown, confluent with a narrow, somewhat
paler seam at cord ; cell Sc, except outer end, dark brown ;a large, oval, pale brown cloud on vein Cu, involving
cells M and Cu, extending from veins M to 1st A ;new or little-known Tipulid~e.

293

preareular field restrictedly light yellow; veins darkbrown, luteous in the basal portions. Venation: Sc
short, Sc 1 ending just beyond origin of Rs, Sc2 not far
from its tip and nearly opposite origin of Rs ; cell Ra
strongly widened at outer end by the eaudad deflectionof vein R5 ; m-cu just beyond fork of M.
Abdomen, including hypopyginm, polished black;sternites more variegated with yellow. Male hypopygiumwith apical spine of basistyle long and slender, subequal
in total length to the outer dististyle, gradually narrowed
to the acute point ; inner margin on basal portion fringed
with long delicate set~e. Outer dististyle enlarged on
basal half, the inner margin with three strong spinous
teeth ; apical portion narrower, the tip broad, terminatingin three or four irregular spines. Inner dististyle withapical beak relatively narrow, pendulous; a setiferous
lobe near base of style on outer face. iEdeagus withapical lobe moderately long, the apex truncated or
virtually so.
Hab. Ecuador (Tungurahua).
Holotype, 3, Bafos, altitude 2000 metres, May 25,
1937 (Macintyre). Paratopotypes, 1 c~, with the t y p e ;1 sex ?, altitude 1800 metres, J u n e 1936 (Macintyre).
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) neoleridensis is very similar
to T. (T.) leridensis Alexander, of northern Panama,
but hag the male hypopygium entirely distinct. I t isevident that there are several allied species confusedwith the typical form.
Erioptera (Empeda) longifurcata, sp. n.
General coloration dark brown to brownish black,
including the antennae, halteres and legs; wings verystrongly suffused with blackish; Sc 1 ending, about
opposite mid-length of Rs, Sc 2 far from its tip, close toorigin of Rs ; cell R a unusually deep, veins R 5 and R 4
lying parallel to one another, R a subequal to vein M4 andnearly one-half longer than Rs ; male hypopygium withthe outer dististyle slender, at beyond mid-length witha small, subacute, lateral branch that is about one-thirdas long as the apical blade.
Male.--Length about 2.8 mm. ; wing 3.5 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black. Head dull
brownish black.

294

Dr. C. P. Alexander onThorax uniformly dark brown to brownish black.
tIalteres blackened. Legs with the cox~e dark brown;
trochanters obscure yellow; remainder of legs darkbrown, provided with setm and long flattened scales.
Wings very strongly suffused with blackish; veins
bro~laish black. All veins beyond cord with complete
series of long trichia. Venation: Sc moderately long,
Sc I ending about opposite mid-length of Rs, Sc 2 far removed
from the tip of Scl, close to origin of Rs ; R~ oblique,a little shorter than R~+8+4 ; cell R 3 unusually deep fora member of this subgenus, veins R 3 and R 4 lying parallel
to one another, Ra subequal in length to vein Ma and nearly
one-half longer than Rs ; m-cu at fork of M.
Abdomen black, the hypopygium a trifle brighter.
Male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a slender
blade, at beyond mid-length bearing a small, subacute,lateral branch that is only about one-third as long as
the apical blade beyond its insertion. Inner dististylelong and slender, parallel-sided, the tip obtuse.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~,Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres,
September 21, 1937 (Macintyre).
Erioptera (Empeda) longifurcata much resembles E. (E.)
stygia Alexander, in the blackened body-coloration andstrongly darkened wings. It is readily told from otherregional species of the subgenus by the unusually deep
cell R 3 and long vein SCl, both characters approaching
those of the typical subgenus Erioptera to a high degree.
It may be noted here that two Argentinian Tipulid~e,originally described as being species of Rhabdomastix,
basalis Alexander and complicata Alexander, should bereferred to Empeda, though aberrant in the normallyclosed cell 1st M s.

Erioptera (Erioptera) celestis, sp. n.
General coloration yellow; thoracic pleura with anarrow, dark brown, longitudinal stripe; legs black,the femoral tips pale; legs with an abundant vestitureof flattened scales ; wings yellow, with a brown spotted
pattern ; some of the wing-trichia modified into slightly
flattened scales; male hypopygium with two simple
dististyles, the outer with two short curved spines.
Male.--Length about 2.5 mm. ; wing 3.2 mm.

new or 1.ittle-known Tipulidse.

295

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennm blach; basal
flagellar segments short and crowded, broader than long,
passing through cylindrical to long-cylindrical; basal
and intermediate flagellar segments with very long
verticils that are approximately one-fourth the lengthof the entire organ; outer three or four segments
attenuated, without verticils. Head dark.
Pronotum with a pendant of silvery hairs overlying
back of head. Mesonotum uniformly buffy yellow.
Pleura yellow, with a narrow but very conspicuous andwell-defined darker brown stripe extending from thepronotum to the base of abdomen, passing beneath theroot of halteres. Halteres yellow throughout. Legs withthe coxse pale; trochanters darkened; femora black,the tips narrowly pale, the dark colour produced b yabundant long flattened scales; tibise and basitarsi
similarly darkened by black scales, the extreme tips pale ;outer tarsal segments paling to yellow. Wings yellow,
with a conspicuous brown pattern consisting of small
brown spots, distributed as follows: Sc2; band along
cord from tip of Sc I to Cu ; marginal spots on all veinsfrom RI+ 2 to 2nd A, excepting R 4, much larger and more
conspicuous on RI+ ~ and Ra; a small spot at fork of
Ma+4 ; veins yellow, darkened in the clouded areas, thetriehia eoncolorous with the veins. Trichia of veinselongate, in the outer darkened areas more flattened andapproaching scales in appearance. Venation: cell M~
open by atrophy of m ; vein 2nd A relatively sinuous.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, yellow. Male hypopygium with two elongate, simple dististyles; outerstyle stouter, nearly straight, at distal end a little expanded
and provided with two short curved spines; inner dististyle subequal in length or a little longer, appearing
as a curved pale blade, at apex on lower margin with
about four small tuberlces.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, Rio Pastaza, altitude 1200 metres,
April 5, 1937 (Macintyre).
The only described near relative is Erioptera (Erioptera)l~tipleura Alexander, of southern Mexico, which differs
conspicuously in the unpatterned wings and in the structureof the male hypopygium, especially the outer dististyle.
The two species form a peculiar isolated group that is296

On new or little-known Tipulidm.

perhaps not strictly a member of the restricted subgenus

Erioptera.
Erioptera (M esocyphona ) caloptera subevanescens, subsp, n.
Characters as in typical caloptera Say, differing in thepattern of the legs. Femora with the dark rings very
reduced, especially the outer one, which is about one-half
as wide as the pale apex; subbasal ring variable inextent, present or lacking, when preserved much wider
than the subterminal ring, the space between the two
darkened annuli extensive, being four or five times thewidth of the outer ring.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, ~, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, April 7,1937 (Maclntyre).
Allotopotype, ~. Paratopotypes, 2 ~ , April 5-7, 1937.

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) laticostata, sp. n.
Size large (wing, 9, over 6 ram.) ; general colorationo f n o t u m black ; pleura yellow ; halteres pale throughout ;legs brown, the femoral bases paler; wings bicolorous,
strongly infumed, the prearcular field and broad costal
margin whitened; Rs long and sinuous; abundant
macrotrichia in distal haft of wing; abdomen dark
throughout.
Fema/e.--Length about 5.5 ram. ; wing 6.4 ram.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout ;flagellar segments oval, verticils elongate. Head dull
black.
Pronotum dark; anterior lateral pretergites yellow.
Mesonotum almost uniformly black, the humeral andposterior regions of pr~escutum and median area of scutum
more reddish brown. Pleura and pleurotergite yellow.
Halteres pale throughout. Legs with the cox~e andtrochanters yellow ; remainder of legs brown, the femoral
bases paler. Wings bicolorous, the ground-colour
strongly infumed, the broad costal border as far distad
as level of cord whitened; prearcular field similarly
white; anal cells slightly whitened, the axilla narrowly
clouded, connected with the outer ground-colour in cell
M ; veins brown, pale in the whitened areas. Macrotrichia
of cells abundant, occupying the distal half of wing.

On the Type-hosts of the Mallophaga.

297

Venation: Rs long and sinuous, exceeding in lengthvein R 8.
Abdomen dark brown throughout.
Hab. Ecuador (Oriente).
Holotype, 9, Abitagua, altitude 1200 metres, September
21, 1937 (Maeintyre).
CryTtolabi8 (Cryptolabis) laticostata is very distinct
from all previously-described species. It is closest to
C. (C.) schadei Alexander, of southern Brazil, but differs
conspicuously in the size, and in the pattern of the legs
and wings.

XXIV.--A List of the Type-hosts of the Mallophaga andthe Lice described from them *. By GORDON B. THOMPSON.
[Continued from p. 55.]

Order C~CO~¢~IFO~MES.
Suborder AR~..~'.
Family Ardeid~e.
Subfamily A~D~L~¢~.
148. Ardea einerea einerea Linn.
Colpoccphalum decimfasciatum Boisduval & Lacordairc, 1835. On Ardea cinerea from France.
Colpocephalum importunum Nitzsch in Denny, 1842.
On Ardea cinerea from Britain.
Ardeicola ardeze (Linn.), 1758. On Ardea cinerea,
no locality.
Ardeicola leucopyga (Nitzsch in Burmeister), 1838.
On Ardea cinerea, no locality.
Ardeicola phcenicoptcri (Macalister), 1871, nec Lipeurus phoenicopteri Coinde, 1859. True host,described from straggler on Ph~nicopterus tuber
Linn., no locality
149. Ardea purpurea purpurea Linn.

Ardeicola leucoprocta (Nitzsch in Giebcl), 1866.
On Ardea purpurea.
* N e t e . - - I t must be borne in mind when using this list t h a t the type~hosts of the various species of Mallophaga are not fixed but only lis~ed.