F:'

KHITMBU HIMAL, Bd. 3, Lfg. f. S. 82-100, UniversitiitsverlagWagoer, Innsbruok-Mtinchen 1968

T H E C B A N EF I I E S ( T R I C E O C E R I D AA
EN D T I P U T I D A E :D I P T E R A )By Cumr,nsP. Ar,nxeronn, Amherst(Massachusetts,
U. S. A.)
With 2 plates

THE CRANEFLIES( T R I C H O C E R I D A EA N D T I P U L I D A E : D I P T E R A )By
OHARLESP. ALEXANDER,Anunnsr (MessecHusnrrs,
u. s. A.)
With 2 plates

I am indebted to ProfessorDoctor HprNz J.txnrscHnK, of the Institut ffu Zoologieat the
University of Innsbruck, Austria, for the privilege of studying the craneflies that he haclcollectecl
while serving as leader of the second team of the ForschungsunternehmenNepal Hinralava(ResearchSchemeNepal Himalaya - R S N H) during May and June 1961. The nurrrber of
specimensavailable in this particular group of the Diptera is slightly in excessof 100,the nraterials
having been preserveddry in paper triangles and in alcohol, a small proportion of the latter
having beenpinned later for safer preservation.From thesematerials I have beenable to identifv
33 speciestogether with a few further specimensthatweredeterminableonly to the ger)us.Becauseof the great difficulties in collecting and preservation many of the specimensu'er,ein \-er\- poor
condition and severalwere mounted on microscopeslidesfor study. Eight speciesare rlescribecl
as new, the types being returned to Professor JexntscHEK for presen'ation in the Institut
collections,together with representativesof the previously describedspecies.
Paratypes, and duplicates of the previously described specieshave been forrvarded on by
Prof. J.qNETSCHEKto the Zoologische Staatssammlung Miinchen. for preservation in theMuseum collections.
Duplicates and parts of specimensof certain of thesespecieshave beenretained in nry personalcollection of theseflies. I express nry sincerethanks to Professor Jnxl:rs('Hnti for the opportunity of studying this unusually interestingseriesof Himalayan craneflies. A prelinrinary accountof theitineraryandworkof the expedition has been published (Jexnrscunx. 1962t referencesat conclusionof this introductory statement) and the various reports that consiclerthe scientificresults presently are appearing in a seriesof papers in Khumbu Hinral.
During the Nineteenth Century only a few speciesof Tipulidaehad beentlescribedfronr Nepal,
the earliest being Heratomn (Eriocera) nepalensis(WnsrwooD, 1835). rvhich rvas included in
the present collection. Other early materials from Nepal included Tipuh (Forntotipuia) melanomeraWALKER,,1848, Tipula (Ind,otipula) lulaipennis War,rpn. 1848 (pre-occupied and renamed T.(1.) walkeri Bnuxnrrr, 19ll), and Tipula (Vestiqtler)reposita Wer,rnn,, 1848.
At the beginning of the present century a few further specieswere described,including Xipholimnobia nepalensis (Bnuxnru,
1918, as Lechria), Styringomyitr,obscura Bnurcnrrr, 1911,
and S. nepalensisDpwanos, 1914.The first collections of importance from Nepal were made by
Doctor Eowenl I. CoHnn and assistantsin 1956 and 1957 rvhile membersof the World HealthOrganization,the majority of the specimenshaving been taken in the Mahabharat Range at andnear Simbhanjang Pass,8200 to 8800 feet. Descriptions of the numerous new specieshave been
includedin papersby the writer (AlnxeNlER, 1956, 1957, 1958and 1959,in list of references).
The highest altitude at which Professor Jeuprscnnr found these flies was at 5250 meters(17,060feet) where a speciesof Tri,clt,ocero,probably uersicolorLoEw, was captured. as discussed
later under that name. This altitude is slightly higher than the station in Sikkim where the typeof Tipula (Sinotipuln) hypsistosAr,nxaxlnR, was captured (at Gurudongmar Cho. 17.000feer,82THE ORA\E FLIES (TRICHOCERIDAE AND TIPULIDAD: DIPTERA)

by FunxeND SCHMTI)but lower than the type locality for Limonia (Dicranomyia) perencelsiorAlnxeuoER, in the Bolivian Andes(Illimani, 5600meters- 18,200feet, taken in May
1950by Wer,rnn n'onsrnn) whichis the highestaltitudeat whichthesefliesareknown to occur(seeAr,nxANDEI,",
1962,Veriiff.ZooI.Staatssamml.
Miinchen,T: 100-102).
T RICHOCENIDAE
The small family Trichocerid,ae,
commonlvknorvnas the winter craneflies, is u'ell represented
in the Himalayasat high altitudes,six speciesbeingrepresented
in the presentmaterials.Attention is calledto a recent paper by Dr. Custsrrxn Danl on the Swedishspeciesof the family(1966:OpusculaEntomologica
31: 93-118,72 figs.)DaHL has proposeda new genericgroup,
Metatrichocera,
to receivethosespecies
formerlyplacedin TrichoceraMl:1cnN that have complicatedoutgrowthson the outer portion of the dististyleof the male hypopygium.Sincethe twogroupsobviouslyarevery closelyrelatedI wouldpreferto recognize
the newnameasrepresenting
a subgenusof the older group. Severalspeciesof Metatri,chocera
are found in the Himalayasbut
nonewasincludedin the presentmaterials.
P araclad,ura kunxaonensis AlnxexonR
lcumaonensis
ALEXANDER. 1959.Bull. BrooklynEnt. Soc.54: 129-130.
Paraclad,ura
The types were from various stations in Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon, in the western Himalayas,
between 6400 and 10,000feet. Known also from Sikkim, between 12,000and 14,100feet, taken
by Scnurl.
NEPAJ-,:Basecamp, (Yaral)near Pangpoche,about 3900meters,May 13, 1961;an alcoholicJ;

61155.
T richocera r eticulata LrnxtNDER
Trichocern,retiailata ALEXANDER.

1933: Philippine Jour. Sci. 50: 129-130, pl. l, fig. I (venation).

Described frorn Mount Omei, Szechwan,China. In the Himalaya as far west as Sikkim and
Nepal.
In the present materials, preservedin alcohol, the knobs of the halteres appear yellowed whereasthose in the type are infuscated.Despite this differenceI regard the identity as being correct.
NEPAL: Base camp, (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters, at light, May29, 1961;
alcoholic ??; 6L172; same station at 4100 meters, in formalin trap in highest woods of Rhoilod,endron, Betula, and conifers,in operationApril-May 1961; alcoholic?9;6L1262.

nov.spec.
TRICHOCERATRIAI{GUIARIS
General coloration in alcohol brorvnish yellow to light brown; halteres pale; legs brownish
yellow; wings whitish hyaline with a faint darkened cloud over the anterior cord and adjoining
veins; r-m long, slightly oblique, inner end of cell lst 1\I,pointed; basal abdominal segmentspale,seven and eight light brown; cerci pale, triangular in lateral aspect, shaped like an arrowhead,the dorsal and ventral margins straight.
Female. -Length about 8 mm; wing 9 mm; antenna about 4 mm.

83

CEARLES P. AIEXANDEIiKEUMBU EIMAL 3

Describedfrom the alcoholictype specimen.Rostrum brown; palpi beyondthe first segment
whitened, especiallythe terminal one. Antennae with scapeand pedicellight brown, flagellum
pale.Head brown, summit of the tubercledarker.
Pronotum obscrureyellow. Generalcoloration of mesonotumand pleura brownish yellow,
lateral and humeralareasof praescutumcleareryellow.Haltereselongate,pale,the knob not or
scarcelydarker.Legswith coxaeand trochanterslight brown,remainderof legsbrownishyellow.
Wings (Plate l, fig. 1) broad, whitish hyaline, with a faint darkenedcloud over anterior cord,
fork of Rs and Rr*r*n, best indicatedby the darker brown veins; a barely evident very pale
brown cloudin cell R beneaththe origin of Rs;veins pale brown,exceptas indicated.Venation:
Rr*, longerthan Rrf ?,ir-m long, slightly oblique;cell l"t M, large,widenedoutwardly, basal
sectionof Mr1, oblique,the cell pointedat base;cell 2od.4relatively narrow.
Abdomenwith proximal six segmentspale, the posteriorbordersof tergitesvery narrowly tobarely darker,segmentssevenand eight light brown; cercipale. Ovipositorwith cerci (Plate 1,
fig. 5) as viewedlaterally triangular in outline, shapedlike an anowhead,both the dorsalandventral marginsstraight, apex narrowly obtuse.
Holotype, alcoholict, in poor condition,at BaseCamp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900
meters,May 25, 1961(JeNErscHEK); 61 1206.
Trichoceratriangularis is quite distinct from other membersof the genusin the conformation
Bnuxnrtr.
of the ovipositorwherethe outlineof the cercusis almostas in the genusParaclad,ur,aThereis no questionof the genericassignment.Two speciesof the genusdescribedfrom Kashmir
at high altitudes still are known only from the male sex but are distinct from the presentfly inbody coloration and venational details. The speciesin questionarc TrichoceraabieticolaAt sxANDERand ?. glncialisAr,pxeNoER(1935:PhilippineJour. Sci.58: 386-389).
T richocera uariata Ar,nxexnglt
Tri,chocera
aarintaALEXANDER, 196l: Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 56: I25-126.

The types werefrom high altitudesin the westernHimalayas,7000-12,000feet, in Kumaon,
India, collectedby X'nnxeNDScHMrD.
about 3900meters,May 13, 1961;alcoholic;
NEPAI: Basecamp, (Yaral) near Pangpoche,
61155.
T richocera aersicolor Lonw
Tri,choceraaersicolorLOEW, l87l: Beschr. Europ. Dipt., 2: 17.
Trich<tcerapunctipenni,s BRUNETTI, 1912. Fauna British India, Diptera, Nematocera- p. 5ll, pl. 10,
fig. l3 (wing).
Trichoc,ern aersicolor EDWARDS, 1928: Genera Insectorurn (\\Ivtsman). Diptera. Fam. Protorhypldil'ae,Fasc. 190 : 35.
A nisopodiilae, Pachgneuriilae, T ri,choee'r'iilae.

wasfrom Central Europe. Bnuxorrls types of.punctipenniswete
Lotiws type of aers'i,color
from Simla in the westernHimalayas.The speciesis not uncommonin the westernand central
Himalayas.
NEPAL: MingboValley,in dwarf heathof old moraine,4530meters,in formalintrap setduring
May and June; alcoholict; 61/268.This is belowthe basecamp of Sir E. Hrlr,env on the
Makalu Expedition 1961.
Above base camp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 4100 meters,in woodscomprisedof low
Betulmand conifers; in formalin trap set April 5th, removed May 30, 196l;
Rhododendron,alcoholic99;611262.
84

TII.[) LTRANE l'LlllS (TIIICHOLIF)RIDAE AND TIPULII)Ats: DIPTERA)

A badly damagedspecimenprobably of this species,taken on the highest grassheath of the
Mingbo Yalley, on the route to the GreenHut of the Hrr,r,anv Expedition, 5250 meters(17,060
feet), in formalin trap set during May and June 1961;611287. As was indicatedin the introductory
statement this was the highest altitude where crane flies were taken in Nepal.
Trichocera species
NEPAL: Basecamp, (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900meters,at light May 12,13 and 29,
1961; QQin poor condition, 61154,55,72.
This speciessuggestsaariata but evidently is distinct. The extreme tips of the femora are pale
and there is faint darkenedcloud on wings over the r-m crossvein.
TI PA LIDAE
This family is the largest in the order Diptera, with approximately 13,000speciesdescribedor
in press at this time. It includes the subfamrlies Tipulinae, Cylindrotominae and Limoniinae,
all but the secondbeing well representedin the collection. The Limoniinae includes five tribes,
the Limoniini, Lechriini, Peiliciini, Heratomini and Eriopterini, all being in the present materials.
TIPALINAE
C tenacr oscel'is cr essid,a Lt'nxANDER
BRUNETTI. 19l2: Fauna Rritish India,, Diptera Nematocera,pp. 309-310 (preoccuTipula semi.cornis
pied by Tipula .serricornisZETTERSTEDT, 1838, and, Tipula serri,cornisMACQUART, 1846).
serricornisEDWARDS, 1932: Stylops, l: 149.
Ctenacroscelis
ALEXANDER, 1952: Rec. Indian Mus.,50:325 (new name for Tipula serricorn'iscres.siil,aCtenacroseelis
BRUNETTI).

The types of serricornis were from Naini Tal, in the western Himalayas. The speciesis widelydistributed in the westernand central Himalayas.
NEPAL: Return march near Bhandar (: Changma),beforeChyangmaDeorali, about 2200meters, June 13, 1961; one badly damagedpinned specimenand one alcoholicfemale; 61/118.
ExtrnLErN (1912) includes the largest known Tipuliilae and are
The genus Ctenacroscelis
among the largest of existing Diyttera.Edwards (1932: Stylops, 1:145-150) from the Indian
subregionrecognized17 speciesdistributed in five speciesgroups,the presentfly belongingto theserratus group. At present about 35 speciesare known to me from this subregion with several
others still undescribedin my personalcollection.
NEPHR0TOMA BREYISTEIINATAnov. spee.
Generalcoloration of thorax yellorv,the praescutumwith three dark brown stripes,the lateralpair straight, scutellum,postnotum and pleura pale yellow; legsyellowed,tips of femora blackened, most extensive on fore legs where the outer three-fifths is included, claws simple; wings
subhyaline,stigma barely indicated; abdomenyellow, the eighth sternite and pleural membranedarker; male hypopygium with ninth sternite producedinto a stout lobe; gonapophysiselongate,outer half scabrous,the two together appearing lyriform; posterior margin of eighth sternite
with a small semicircularpale lobe with microscopicpunctures.
UDCHARLES P. ALEXA\DER

K H U M B T TH I M A L 3

Male. - Length about 9-10 mm; wing 9-11 mm; antennaabout 3-3,2 mm.
Describedfrom alcoholic specimens.Frontal prolongation of head yellow, nasus dark brown,
tufted with long setae; palpi with proximal three segmentslight brown, the incisures paler,terminal segmentelongate,pale, the extreme tip darkened. Antennae rvith scapeand pedicelyellow, flagellum brownish black, the outer segmentssomervhatpaler; flagellar segmentswith basal
enlargementssmall, verticils unusually short. Head yellow with a small brown spot on orbits at
narrowest part of vertex; occipital brand brownish black, triangular.
Pronotum pale yellow. Mesonotal praescutum yellow with three brown stripes, the broader
median one divided by a capillary pale vitta, lateral stripes straight, not bent outward or witha pale brorvn cloud, lateral ends of suture faintly darkened; scutum yellow, each lobe with two
dark brown spots, the anterior one larger, scutellum and postnotum pale yellow. Pleura yellow,
unpatterned. Halteres yellow. Legs with coxaeand trochantersyellow; baseof fore femora yellow,
outer three-fifths brownish black, middle femora with the brown tips including the outer twofifths, posterior legs the outer seventh; tibiae yellowed basally, darker outwardly; tarsi darkbrown; claws simple. Wings (Plate 1, fig.2) subhyaline, stigma barely indicated; veins brown.
Venation: Cell M, barely sessileto short-petiolate.
Abdomen yellow, the eighth sternite and pleural membrane darkened. Male hypopygium(Plate 1, fig. 6) with posterior border of tergite, t, U-shaped,with a microscopicV-shapedcentral
notch; margins of lobes with the usual blackenedspinoid setaethat are aranged in three groups
on either side,as shown,the smallestnear the midline on outer border of a triangular point. Ninthsternite, 9 s, producedcaudadinto a stout lobe, as inlongisternatcr,,
but shorter, with shorter setae.
Outer dististyle, d, with setaeunusually small; inner style with beak slightly decurved,tip obtuse,lower beak small; region of outer basal lobe bearing a blackenedconvoluted structure. Phallosome,p, including the narrorv aedeagusand long conspicuousgonapophyses,the two latter taken
together appearing lyriform, outer half of each with abundant microscopicpoints. Eighth sternite, 8 s, with posterior extensionvery small, its length lessthan the diameter acrossbase,surface
with about 15 microscopicpale punctures.
Holotype, alcoholic 6i, return trip, Jiri-Jarsa, about 2200 meters, Jnne 17. 196l (J.rNnrSCIIEK);6L1L26.
Paratopotypes,2 broken616,with the type. Paratypes.1 alcoholicJ, Karikhola,
April 26, 196l ;6LlL26a; I fragmentary pinned 6 that apparently had beenin alcohol and pinned
later; camp near Tate on return march, about 2900meters,June 8, 196l ;6Ilg4.
The most nearly related regional species is Nephrotoma longisternata Ar,nxeunER, of
Sikkim, which likewise has the lyriform gonapophysesof the male phallosome, differing inseveral important hypopygial characters,especiallythe tergite, the very long setae of the lobeof the ninth sternite, smooth gonapophysesand the elongatelobe of the eighth sternite provided
with numerous long conspicuoussetae. The speciesfurther differs in details of coloration andin the structure of the male claws.

Iliephrotonx&consimilis (Bnuxnrrr)
Pachyrlt,inacon,simi,li,s
BRUNEI'TI. lgll: Rec. Indian Mus., 6: 268.
Neph,rotomaconsimi,lisALEXANDER. 196l: Rec. Indian Mus.. 59 21.

Common and widely distributed in the Himalayas, Kumaon to Sikkim.
NEPAL: Return march, Manga Deorali, near camp Pheda Khola, about 1500-2000 meters
June 19, 1961;alcoholicd; 61/136.
86

1 ' t { t ) ( ' l l , \ \ l t l | L I l . lS ( ' f l t I ( l H o ( . ' Bl t l l ) - { F )I N I ) ' f I I I U L I I ) , \ F : I ) I P T I i l t A )T ipula ( Acuti,pula) li,nneclna LLr-XANDER
Ti,pula,(Acutipulu) linneunt ALEXANDER, 1965: Philippine Jour. Sci.94 (in press,due to appear in
Asia series.Part 56: dtrted June 1965).

The type wasfrom Zerna,Sikkim,8900feet,collectedNIay24,1959.Alsoknovrnfrom Kameng,
North East Frontier Agency,Assam,taken by ScuttltD. The wing is shown (Plate 1, fig. 3);
malehypopygiuni(PlateI, fig. 7).
NEPAL: Tate,on return march,about 2900meters,June 8, 1961ipinned6, 611233.
Campon-8,1961;(:2pinnedDudh Kosi, in valley belowNamcheBazar
Nauche).June 7
66, 611259.

Ti'pula (Acutipula) paria Spntsnn
Tipukr ticnriu \\'ALKER. 1856:Ins. Satrnders.
l. Dipt.: 444.
Tipula 2aria SPEISER, 1909: Kilimandjaro. Meru Schrved.Zool. Exped.. 1905-1906; l0 Diptera,p. 57. (re-namingof ricaria WALKER. 1856,preoccupiedb5r Ti.pula
4 Orthoraphu.Orthoraphanetnatocera.
uicari,a\\'ALKER. 1848).
pp. 336-337.
Ti,yula ntund,aRRUNETTI. l9l2: Fauna Rritish India. Diptera Nemetocera.
Ti,pulamundo EDWARL)S, 1924:Rec. Indian Mus. 26: 306.

The types of mundawere from Mussooriand the Darjiling District, India. The specieshas awide distribution in the Himalayas.
woods,about2500meters,June 13, 196l;
NEPAL: Campat ChyangmaDeorali,in deciduous
I brokenpinnedspecimen,
61/119.Returnmarch,MangaDeorali,nearcampPhedaKhola,about
1500-2000meters,June 19, 1961;l alcoholicA,61-136. Tate, about 2900meters,June 8,
1961;1 pinned6,61-233. AboveRingmo,about3400meters,June 10, 1961;2 ?? on a single
pin, 61-256.
Tipula( Acutipula)subuernal'is At pxalonnlglt]: Ilec. Indian Mus. 15: 269 (preoccupied by Tipula fo,scic'uluta
f i,ltula iascieulata BRUNETTI.
RIEDEL. I9ll]. Abharrdl. Lehrerver. ftir Naturkunde. Crefeld: 103).
1927: Rec. Indian Mus.. 29: 168 (re-naming of lasciculata BRUTipula subaernalis ALEXANDER.
NETTI).

Bnuxnlrrs types of lasciculatawere from various stationsin the Darjiling District, eastern
Himalayas.I havematerialsfrom stationsin Pauri Garhwal,Kumaon,at high altitudes.I express
my indebtedness
to Dr. Pet;r, FRnnulN, of the British Museum (Natural History) for two
drawings showing hypopygial structures of this speciesbased on Bnunnrrrs types. The
characteristichypopygiumis shown(Plate 1, fig. 8). The choiceof the specificnamethat I proposedin L927is unfortunatesincethe fly hasno closerelationshipwith T'ipula aernalisMBIGEN,a memberof the subgenusLunatiltula EowaRns. In choosingthis nameI was influencedby a
Bnuuntrrs species
statementby ElwenDS (1924:Rec.Indian Mus.26: 307)wherehecompareswith uernali,s.ltwould appearthat his useof this namewasa lapsuscalami for uittata MErGnN,
which is allied and generallysimilar to the presentfly.
NBPAL: ChyangmaDeorali,in deciduouswoods,about 2500meters,at light, July 13, 1961;
2 brokenspecimens,
61/119.Tate,about2900meters,June8, 1961;severalof both sexes,611233.
Above Ringmo,3400meters,June 10, 1961,I 6, and betweenRingmoand Junbesi,June 10,1 9 6 12, ? ? , 6 1 1 2 5 6 .
87

('rr-{Rl,ns t'. -{T,}tI-tNDltR

8
PLATE I
(Symbols: c. cercus; d. dististr'le; p. phallosome; s. sternite; t, tergite)
Fig.

88

l. Trich,oceratri,a,n.gularfsnov. spec.. venation.
2. Nephrotonrubreristernata.nov. spec.. venation.
3. Tipula (Acutipula) linneana ALEXANDER; r'enation.
4. Tipula (Sinotipulo) .janetschekinov. spec., venatiott.
5. Trichocern,trianlTulari.snov. spec.. ovipositor, lateral.
6. 1{ephrotomabreai,sternatanov. spec., male hypopStgiunt.
7. Tipula (Acutipula) linneana,ALEXANDER. male hypopygium.
8. Tipula (Acutipula) subternali,sALEXANDER. male hypopygitrm.
9. Tipula (Sinotipula),ianet.schekinov. spec. rnale hypopygium.

KlrLrlllrL: Iil]t.u,:iI ' I I D L i l r , \ . N I . r] ' r , I l . l s ( : l ' l l I C H O ( ' 1 . ) l t I D \ 1 . )- \ \ l )il't1'LiLIl)il):

Irlt'rEIl,l)T ipula ( I ormotipula) nxelanorner&W ALKEr"
Tipula melanomera
WALKER, l84S: List Diptera British Mus. l: 68.
EDWARDS. 1932: Stylops l: 238.
Tipula (Formotiytula)melunomera

Wer,runs type was from Nepal (Nepaul;HlHnwrcKE bequest).
NEPAL: Return march, near Namdu, June 18, 1961,associatedwith Henatoma(Eriocera)
grauelyi(Bnuxortr); alcoholicd ?, 61/130. Return march, MangaDeorali,near camp Pheda
Khola, about 1500-2000meters,June 19, 1961;2 alcoholicdd, 61/136.

T i,pula ( si,not'i,pula) gri,seipennisBnuxrtrr
32I-:t22, pl. 5, fig. l5
BRUNETTI, l9l2: Fauna British India, Di,pteraNemo,tocenr,
Ti,pulagri.sei,pennis(wing).
Tipukr,griseipennisEDIVARDS,1924:. Rec. Indian Mtrs. 26: 305 (note on Type).
EDWARDS. 1928: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) l: 687 (noteson type).
Ti,pulagri.seipenni,s
ALEXANDER, 1935: Philippine Jour. Sci., 57: 95.
Tipul,a (Siuttipula) grisei'pennis
The type, a 6f, was from Badrinath,

Garhwal, Kumaon, 10,200 feet, collected May 27, 19L0,

by A. D. Ilnts.
NEPAL: Base camp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters,at light, May 29, 1961;
1 pinnedd with hypopygiumbroken,61172.Along bank of Imja Khola, near Pangpoche(Yaral),about3850meters,May 31, 1961;2 badlybroken66,61178.
TIPUTA (SINOTIPUTA)JANETSCHEKInov. spee.
Sizemedium(wing of male 17 mrn); generalcolorationof thorax gray, praescutumrvith darker
stripes,pleurapatternedwith darker brown and reddishbrown; wingspalebrown, marbledwith
darker brown and yellow, the latter chiefly beforethe cord; proximal six abdominalsegmentsorangeyellow, seven and eight brown, hypopygium paler; male hypopygium with posteriorborderof tergiteproducedinto a semicircularlobethat is providedwith strongblack setae;outer
inner style a broad flattened plate, its inner apical anglefarther
dististyle boomerang-shaped,
producedinto a lobe.
Male. - Length about 18 mm; wing 17 mm; antennaabout 4.4 mm.
Frontal prolongationof headrelatively long, subequalto the remainder,yellowedabove,including the short nasus,lower half pale; palpi with proximal three segmentslight brown, terminal
segment,
dark brown. Antennaewith the long scapeand pedicellight yellow,flagellar segments
vaguelybicolored,basesblackened,the remainderpale brown; segmentswith small basalenlargements,subequalin length to their verticils. Head abovelight brown, orbits gray.
Pronotalscutumbrown medially,paleron sides,scutellumyellow.l\Iesonotalpraescutumgray,with four darker stripes,the intermediatepair pale btown, their lateral and internal borders
brownishblack, lateral stripesmore uniformly brownishblack, humeraland lateral borderspale
brown; scutumgtay, eachlobe with two dark areas,the mesalmarginnlore narrowly darkened;scutellumbrownishgray with a vaguecentralbrown line, parascutellalight brown; mediotergite
light brown with a central dark brown vitta, pleurotergitebrown above,the moreprotuberant
katapleurotergitebrownishyellow; notal vestiture short, longeron scutellum,very longon mediotergite. Pleura brownish gray, with a short dark brown stripe extendingfrom propleuraover theextremedorsalanepisternumand pteropleurite;a vaguepalerbrown acrossdorsalsternopleurite,89

L'IIIRLl.lsl'. ,\LEX^\)i DH It

K H T T M I J IH
i IMAL 3

more expandedbehind over the ventral pteropleurite,meron and metapleura.Halteres with stem
vellowed, knob weakly infuscated. Legs with coxae light brownish yellow, trochanters paler
yellow; femora light brown, tips conspicuouslyblackened,precededby a vague more yellowed
band; tibiae and tarsi brown; claws of male with a relatively small subbasalspine.Wings (Plate 1,
fig. a) with the ground pale brown, conspicuouslymarbled with light yellow and more restrictedly with darker brown, prearcularand costalfields uniformly brownish yellow; the darker brownareasinclude an arcular mark, spot at origin of Rs, and seamsover cord and outer end of celll't M2, the latter extendedoutwardly over the fork of Mr*zt darkenedspots at ends of longitudinal veins from M, through 2ndA, these alternating u'ith yellow marginal areas; the yellow
pattern lies chiefly before the cord, larger and more conspicuousin cells R and M, expeciallybeyond baseand beforeouter end, in the Anal cellsthe pattern conspicuouslyzigzag;veins yellowed. Veins of outer half of wing with macrotrichia. Venation: Cell R, constricted at midlength;
petiole of cell M, about one-half to three-fifths m; m-cu closeto fork of Mrfn.
Abdomen elongate; proximal six segmentsorangeyellow, sevenand eight brown, hypopygium
paler brown; proximal tergites with the extreme lateral borders gray, nrargined internally by alight brown line which is less evident on the outer segments.Male hypopygium (Plate I, fig. 9)with the tergite, t, transverse,posterior border very gently convex, the median region farther
produced into a semicircular lobe that is provided with strong black setae,the outer group of
about 25 stouter, slightly shorter than the length of the lobe, the numerous more basal setae
nearly as long but more slender.Outer dististyle, d, boomerang-shaped,
the basal third stouter,the long outer part nearly straight, tapering very gradually to the subacutetip, the outer marginnear base of the blade with a low elongatelobe that bears severalsetae,with others on body ofstyle; inner style a broad flattened subrectangularplate, its inner apical angle farther produced
into a lobe, outer part of style with groups of setae,those of the major group stouter and more
blackened.
Holotype, pinned J, along the Dudh Kosi near camp Karikhola, about 2000 meters, April 26,
1961(JeNnrscHEK); 61 1260.
I take pleasure in dedicating this attractive fly to Professor Hutxz J.qunrscnEK whocollected this interesting seriesof Tipulidae. There are several other regional members of thesubgenusthat have marbled u'ings and with the male hypopygium of this generalstructure, thetergite being producedinto a central lobe bearing strong setaebut without further ventral armature. Other such speciesinclude Tipula (Sinot'ipula) callicoma AtoxlNonH, f.(5.)
griseipennis Bnutqltrrt, ?. (5.) ltyTtsistos Alnxexrnn,
T. (5.) litltostrotn, Ar,.uxlxonn,
f . (5.) tesselnt'ipenrcis
Bnuxnrzrand a few others, all distinguished among themselves especially in the details of hypopygial structure.

Tipula (sinotipula) ward,i Enwenus
Tipulu,u'rrrli EDWARDS, 1928:Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) l:686-687.
Ti'pule (Sinotipula) wardi ALEXANDER, 1935: Philippine Jorrr. Sci., l-r7:gb.

The type of this large and attractive specieswas from the Tsangpo Valley, Doshong La, insoutheasternTibet, collected by the distinguished plant hunter and botanist, F. KrNctox
Wentl. It has a wide distribution in the Himalayas from Kumaon eastward into northeastern
Burma, in casesat high altitudes (as in Sikkim at 15,750feet, collected by X'pnxeNn ScHrurl).
NEPAL: Base camp near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters, at light May 13 5 pinned 9?; 61172,204, 254.
90

June 5, 1961;

lt I I),\ ll AN I) I)IPULI DAR : DIPTE IIA)THII LIRAI{E FLIIT S (Tlt ICII OCrI.l

T ipula ( Schummelia ) species
A singlebroken? taken at the campnearKirantitschap,1360meters,May 16, 1961;onefragmentaryalcoholicspecimen,1961.
The subgenus
is oneof the largergroupsof Tipula in the Himalayaswith morethan a scoreof
for identification.
regionalspecies.
The male sexis necessary
T ipula ( V estipler ) d,istifurc& Lr'ExANDnR
Tipulo (Vesti,plen)d,istifurcaALEXANDER. 1942: Rec. Indian Mus., 44: 44-46, fig. 7 (venation,ih.ypoplgium).
The t5'pe was from Dalhousie in the Indian Punjab, taken at about 7000 feet in May-June Ig27
by SuxlnR, LAL Hone. The species is widely distributed from Kumaon into southeastern

Tibet.
NEPAL: Return trip alongDudh Kosi at campKarikhola,about 2000meters,April 26, 196l;
2 6d, pinned,6L1260.
Tipula(V esti'pler) nigroapicalis Bnulvnrtr

BRUNETTI. l9ll: Rec. Irrdian Mus., 6: 257.
Tipula ni,groapicalis
Tipuln nigroapicalisBRUNETTI. l9l2: Fauna British India, Diptera Nematocera,p.328.
Tipula nigroapicalisEDWARDS, 1928: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) l: 692-693.
Tipula (Vesti,pler)lepchaALEXANDER. 1957:Jottr. N. Y. Ent. Soc..65: l5l-152.
The type of.nigroapicalis was from Darjiling in the Eastern Himalayas, taken in October 1905

by BHuxnrrr. EDwAIDS later (1928)recordedit from Tibet after comparisonwith BnuNnrwerefrom Nepal,taken at SimbhanjangPassin Oetober
TIs type. The type materialsof.lepcha
1956by CoHnn.The nearestrelative is Tipula (Vesti,pler)alyris Alnxaxlnn of southeastern
Tibet.
NEPAL: Ca:.p on Dudh Kosi. down the valley f'romNamche(: Nauche),June 7, 1861;
ld, l?, pinned,6U89. Tate, about 2900meters,June8, 1961;3 ii pinned,6l/233.
(wing
The femaleabovementionedis smallerthan the male,hasthe wingsslightly degenerate
l0x3 mm) and may not pertain to this species.
LIMONIIDAE
LIMON IIN I
Limonia, ( Dicranomyia ) aanl,cln&AlnxeNonn
Limonia (Diuanomyia) uamnnaALEXANDER. l95l: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 4: ll08-1109.
Li,moni,a(Dicranomyia)aamanaALEXANDER, 1952: Rec. TndianMus..50:352-353. fig. 13d (dhypopvgium).

The type was from Ootacamund,Nilgiri Hills, South India, 7500feet, taken by P. SuserN^rrnax.
NEPAL: Jiri, at light, April 20, t96l; alcoholic3,6L127.
91

(.HA RI,I.:S I'.,\ I,U XANDI.] It

K I { . L T I I B UI I I M A I , : i

tIlt0NIA (LIM0I[IA)ACUTISSIMA
nov.spee.
Sizelarge (wing 12 mm or more); head dark brown, thorax yellowed; femora brownish yellow,
extremetips vaguely paler; wings light yellow, unpatterned; male hypopygium with the dististyle
narrowed outwardly, the outer fourth a slenderrod; gonapophysissmall, mesal-apicallobe shortand inconspicuous.
Male. - Length about l0-11 mm; wing 12.5-13 mrn; antennaabout 3 mm.
Female. - Length about LL-72 mm; wing 12-13 mm.
Described from alcoholic specimens.Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi light brown. Antennae
relatively long, as shown by the measurements;scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum
clearer yellow; flagellar segmentselongate,narrowed at either end. Head dark brown.
Prothorax yellowed. Mesonotum almost uniformly dark yellow, the praescutum with lighter
yellow stripes; pleura yellow. Haltereslong, stem brown, knob paler. Legs with coxaeand trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow, the extreme tips vaguely paler; tibiae yellowed,tarsi passing
into brown. Wings (Plate 2, fig. 10) Iarge, almost uniformly light yellow, stigma lacking; veins
light brown. Venation: Sc, ending about apposite two-thirds to three-fourths Rs, much longer
than the transverseScr; Rr1, longer than Rrfr; cell l"t M, subequalin length to vein Mr*,
beyond it; m-cu closeto fork of M.
Abdomen elongatein both sexes,obscureyellow, extreme outer margins of posterior segments
narrowly darkened; hypopygium small, obscureyellow. Ovipositor with cerci long and slender,
nearly straight. Male hypopygium (Plate 2, fig. 15) with the tergite, t, large, posterior borderconvex, the apex near the midarea farther produced into two glabrous obtuse plates that are
separatedby a narrow U-shapedemargination.Basistyle,b, about four times as extensiveas thedististyle, the usual ventromesallobe occupyingthe whole face of the style. Dististyle, d, broadest
at base, gradually narrowed outwardly, the distal fourth a very slender rod. Gonapophysis,g,
small, the mesal-apicallobe short and inconspicuous.Aedeagus,a, broadest on proximal third,
at apex divided into two divergent lobes.
Holotype, alcoholic d, base camp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters, May 13, 1961
(Jlun'rscHux); 6l/55. Allotopotype, alcoholic ?, with type. Paratopotypes, 6 dl g, with thetypes. Soil probes with vegetation cover below Taboche Yak summer pasture, South slope
4500 meters, II[ay 13, 1961, I specimen;61-284.
L'imonia (Limonia) acutissima is quite distinct from other generally similar species in the
hypopvgial characters,especiallythe slenderapex of the dististyle and the small inconspicuous
gonapophyses.The wings suggest L. (L.) albifrons (MnrcnN) while the dististyle somewhat
resemblesthat of the otherwisevery different L. (L.) syluicola (Scnunnunr,).The venation is

PLATE 2
(Svmbols: a. aedeaqus; b, basistyle; d. dististyle; g, gonapophysis; p, phallosome; t, tergite)
Fig. 10. Lirnonia (Li,monia) acutissima nov. spec., venation.
ll. Antocha (Antocha) unicollis nov. spec., venation.
12. l)ieranota (Rhaphidolabis) laticollis nov. spec., venation.
13. aheilotrichia (Empeda,) ?latuntesoz ltov. spec., venation.
14. Eriolilera ( Ili,sia),janetschekinov. spec., venation.
15. Limon,ia (Limonia) acutissi,manov. spec.. male hypopygiunr.
16. -4ntocha(Antocha) unicolli.snov. spec., male hypopygium.
17. Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) latiaillis nov. spec., male hypopvgium.
18. Cheilotrichia (Emped,a) ,platyme,eon
nov. spec., male hypopygium.
19. Erioptera (Ilisia) janetscheki nov. spec., male hypopygium.

92

TIIE CRANE FLIF)S (TRICHOCERIDAE AND TIPULIDAE: I)IPTDlt-\)

ryF'c..-.'..;.tfi" ' : ' .

! l

,._$E
I (,f
,

d

,I^

w W\sJ
t--,

(

$,TI(
,

\,"

,p

m

19

93

(]II.\]tLE S P. AL].]T.TNI)ERKI{TTMIIII HI}T.{L 3much as in various speciesthat are allied fo L. (L.) hostilisAr,nxeltnn, all of these being
darker specieswith variously modified mouthparts and quite distinct hypopygia.

Antocha ( Antocha) nebulipe.nnisAlnxexonR,variety
Antocha (Antocha) nebulipennis ALEXANDER, l93l: Philippine Jour. Sci. 44: 352_353, p l . l . f i g . 9(venation). pl. 2. fig. 4l (J hypop;'ginm).
Antocha'(Antocha) nebuli'pennisimrtaculala ALEXANDER. 1938: Philippine Jour. Sci.,66: 319. pl.2,
fig. 29 (J hypop"vgium).

The type of nebulipenniswas from Mupin, western Szechwan,China, 3500 feet, collected by
D. C. GneHAM; of nebulipennisimmaculatafrom the White Cloud Temple, Mount Omei, Szechwan, China, 9000feet, taken June 12, 1937by TspN, a collector for the late G. lI. Fnalcx.
The specieshas a wide distribution from Nepal eastrvardinto western China.
I considerimmaculatato representa valid race of the species.The strict identity of the present
materials remains in question becauseof insufficient materials. The speciesis told most readily
ftom Antoclta (Antocha) unicollis nov. spec.by the conformation of the ninth tergite of the malehypopygium, there being two distinct marginal lobes or elevationsin the presentfly.
NEPAL: Base canrp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters, at light, May 13, 19G1;
2 broken alcoholicdd, 61/55.
ANT0CHA (A|[TOCHA) UNIC0LIIS nov. spee.
Generally similar to nebulipennisin the patterned wings and in the subterminal dististyles of
the hypopygium, differing in other hypopygial structures, including the single lobe on posteriorborder of the tergite and the obtuse apex of the outer dististyle; size large (wing 8 mm or more).
Male. - Length about 8 nrnr; u'ing 8-10.5 mm.
Feniale.- Length about 7-8.5 ntnr;wing g-ll mm.
Rostrum brownish gray; palpi brown. Antennae brown; flagellar segmentslong-oval. Headgley, center of vertex more infuscated.
Pronotal scutum brownish gray, scutellum dull orange. Mesonotalpraescutum rvith disk virtually covered by three nearly confluent dark brown stripes that virtually eliminate the interspaces,humeral and lateral borders light gray; remainder of mesonotumdark brorvnishgray toappearplumbeous.Pleura brown. gray pruinose. Halteres with stem yellon'. baseof knob weakly
darkened,apex clear yellow. Legs with coxaebrownish gray; trochantersobscureyellow; remainder of legsbrown; claws (male)long and nearly streight, near basewith a single long spine.Wings(Plate 2, fig. I I ) pale yellow, conspicuouslypatterned with brown, in somespecimensmuch darker
than in others; darkenedclouds at cord and outer end of cell l"t M, and with two areas in cell R,
one at origin of Rs, the secondlarger at near midlength of cell; paler brown seamsover ends ofouter radial veins and extensively in cells Cu and the Anals, including a seam on outer half ofvein l't A, together with broad marginal washesthat include baseof cell l.t A and much of 2ndA;
stigmal darkening small, concolorouswith the area at cord; veins light brown, scarcelydarker inthe patterned areas,vein Sc paler. Veins unusually glabrous,only C, R and R, with trichia. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending about opposite five-sixths Rs, the latter unusually long and straight,
nearly three times vein R; m-cu before the fork of M, the distance approximately three-fourths
to four-fifths its length.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium (Plate 2, fig. 16) generallyas in nebulipennisdiffering
especiallyin the tergite and dististyles.Ninth tergite, t, transverse,posteriorborder gently convex,
94

I
3

o

ir

nl
e

of

ou

ter
un

THE CRANE FLIES (TRICHOCEIIID.{E AND TIPULID-{E: I)IP'|EltA)

lobethat is entireor with the margininsenthe medianregionfarther producedinto a conspicuous
sibly indented.Dististylessubterminal,the outer style,d, with apexobtuse.
about3900meters,at light,May 13,
Holotype,alcoholicJ, basecamp(Yaral)nearPangpoche,
1961(JexErscHEK); 61155.Allotopotype,alcoholic?, in samevial with type. Paratopotypes,
2 pinnedQQ,
May 9-31, 1961.Paratypes,
alcoholic
J t, Nos.61154,55,72,78,79,225,takenfrom
1961,
61/78;
I pinnedQ,
about3850meters,May 31,
alongbanksof Imja Khola,nearPangpoche,
meters,in evening
on return marchoverKariolungRasta,at campnearThanke(: Tarnga),3800
61/98.
June9, 1961,dry specimen,
earlierAr,pxexDEll, which was discussed
Thenearestally is Antocha(Antocha)nebulipennis
in this report.The specificnameis in allusionto the roundedhill-like lobeof the ninth tergiteof
the hypopygium.
HELIUS (HELIUS) species
A singlebadly brokenQ,takenon the returntrip at Jiri, June 15-16, 1961,611122.
LECHNIII{I
Xipholimnonia

nepalenstls (BHuNortI)

i .R
s UNETTI. l9l8: Rec. Indian Mus., l5: 317-3ltt.
I . e c h r i an e ' p a l e ' n sB
Trichoneura nepalensisEDWARDS, 1924 Rec. Indian Mrrs.. 26: 30I.
196l: Rec. Indian Mus., 59: 24.
Trichoneura (Xiph,olimnobia) nepaleruis ALEXANDER,

The unique type, a Q, was from Katmandu, Nepal, in the'Indian Museum. The specimenwas
re-examinedby Eowatrps and further notes provided (referenceabove cited). There can be noquestionof the distinctnessof the genus Xipholimnobia AtnxANDER from the Baltic Ambergroup TrichoneuraLonw (see Alr:xANDEli, C. P., Crane-fliesof the Baltic Amber (Diptera),
2:54-57, figs. 62-67; 1931).
in Bernstein-Forschungen,d

NEPAL: First camp, near Banepa,at light, April 11, 1961;a badly broken alcoholic?,6L12.
PEDICIINI

rrbo

ly
n-

DICRANOTA (RHAPHIDOTABIS) IATIC0ttIS

General coloration of body (in alcohol) brown, thorax paler, abdominal sternites yellowed;
halterespale; legspale brownish yellow; wings subhyaline,unpatterned, vein Sc long, Sc, ending
somedistance beyond fork of Rr*r*n; male hypopygium with central part of posterior borderof tergite very low arrd convex, with numeroussetae,the lateral tergal arms weak and pale, bent
into a long outer lobe; interbasea slenderpale lobe, the outer third bent at a right angle,the lorver
margin corrugated; basistyle with two apical lobes, each provided with spinoid setae; dististylea simple flattened blade.
lIale. -

1a-

iht,
ths
:ing
,8X,

nov. spec.

Length about 5.5 mm; wing 6.8 mm; antenna about 0.8 mm.

Describedfrom an alcoholic specimen.Rostrum short, brownish grali palpi brown. Antennaeof male short, l2-segmented;flagellar segmentsbeyond the basal onesoval, progressivelyshorter
outwardly. Head dark brown.
Thorax (in alcohol)uniformly light brown. Halteres pale. Legs with coxaelight brown, trochanters obscureyellow; remainder of legs pale brownish yellow. Wings (Plate 2, fig. 12) subhyaline,
unpatterned; veins pale yellow. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending some distance beyond fork of

CEARLES P. ALDXANDER

KEUMBU EIMA],3

Rr*rfn,the latter subequal to basal section of Ru; R, longer than Rrfs; m-cu about threefifths its length beyond fork of M.
Abdomen with proximal tergites light brown, sternites yellowed, outer segmentsdarker. Male
hypopygium (Plate 2, fig. 17) with central part of posterior border of tergite, t, very low and convex, provided with numerous setae,especiallynear the margin; lateral tergal arms weak and pale,
at apex bent into a long lobe. Basistyle, b, with two apical lobes, the short stouter one with spinoid setaethat are smaller than those of the longer clavate lobe; interbase, i, a slender pale lobe,
at near two-thirds the length bent at a right angle, apex subacute, lower margin of outer partwith parallel corrugations. Dististyle, d, a simple flattened blade, the base twisted, tip obtuse.
Holotype, a badly broken alcoholic J, base camp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900 meters,
at light, May 13, 1961(JexnrscHrK); 6f /55.
The very low convex outer margin of the ninth tergite of the hypopygium is somewhat as in thelarger Diuanota (Rhaphid,okbis) uninebulosa Ar,nxeNDER, of Kashmir, which has the wings
distinctly patterned and with the other hypopygial details distinct. As in the caseof the species
last describedthe specific name collis is derived from the latin word meaning a hill and refers to
the unusually low and broad tergal lobe of the hypopygium.

ERIOPTERINIHEXATOMINIP seud,olimnophila ( P seuilolimnophila) f usca (BRUNErrr)
Li,mnophilalzsca BRUNETTI, l9l8: Rec. Indian Mus., 15: 326.
Pseuilolimnophilnlusca EDWARDS, 1924; Rec. Indian Mus., 26: 303.

The type wasfrom Darjiling in the easternHimalayas.
NEPAL: Return march betweenKhumjung, NamcheBazar (: Nauche)- and Dudh Kosi,
June 7, 196l; a brokenpinned9, 6t/88.
H eratoma ( Eriocera) graaelyf (Bnuxnrrr)
Erioceraqrauelyi,BRUNETTI, lgl8: Ree. fndian Mus., 15: 337, pl. 7,fig.9 (wing).
Erioceragraael,yiEDWARDS,lg2l: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 8: 77.
Heoatpmn(Eri,ocera)graaelyi,ALEXANDER, 196l: Rec. Indian Mus., 59:29.

The types werefrom the Darjiling district in the easternHimalayas.
NEPAI: Return march,nearNamdu,June 18, 1961;in alcohol,61/130.

Heratoma ( Eriocera) nepalensi,s(WESrwooD)
Calopteranepal,ensis
WESTWOOD, 1835: Annal. Soc. Entomol. France,4: 681.
EriocerartepalensisEDWARDS, LgzI: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 8: 76.
Pterocosmus
aelutinaWALKER, 1848: List Dipt. British Mus., l: 79.

Both'WnsrwooDs type of nepal,ensis
and Wer,xERs type of aelutina were from Nepal(Nepaul).This unusuallyattractive fly is widely distributed in southernAsia.
NEPAL: Jiri, May or June 196l; pinned Q, broken, 6L1232.Return march, near Dading(regionof Resangu),1500meters,June 20, 1961;pinnedbroken9,6L1292.A coloredpictureof
this had beentaken by ProfessorJeuntscnnK.
96

I
dt
tfid

7f,|

THE CR,ANE T.LIES (TRICHOCERIDAE

AND TIPULIDAE:DIPTERA)As indicated,both specimensavailablewerefemaleswhich sex has the abdomenmuch shorter
than in the male although with the conspicuoussilvery bands on the segmentsas in that sex.
H eratoma (Eriocera) species
Threebadly damagedspecimensof a speciesbelongingto the longicornisgroup, the condition
too poor for specificidentification.
NEPAL: Return march, Camp Liku Khola, near Kenza, 1700m, at light, June 12, 1g61;
3 brokendd, 61/109.
C onosia irrorata (WTEDEMANN)
Limrcbia irrorata WIEDEMANN, 1828: AuBereur.zweifl.Ins., l: 524.
Conosia irrorata ALEXANDER,, lg56: Ruwenzori Exped., 1934135,l, no. ?: 30g (British Museum
Natural History).
The species has a vast range throughout

Africa, Asia and into eastern Australia.

NEPAI: First camp,near Banepa,at light, April 11, 1g6t; onealcoholicQ,6l/2.

Crypteria ( Crypteria) haploo ALExANDER,
Crypteriahaplm ALEXANDER, lg60: Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,68: IAZ-188.
Crypteria(arypteria) haploaALEXANDER, l96l: Philippine Jour. Sci.,90: lg0, pl. l, fig. t7 (venation). pl. 4. fig. 54 (J hypopygium).
The species \vas described from various Himalayan stations in Kumaon and Sikkim, taken ataltitudesbetrveen7300and 12,800feet, by Fnnxexo ScHuro.
NEPAL: Basecamp(Yaral)nearPangpoche,
about3900meters,at light, May 13,1961,6l/bb:
one alcoholica', the hypopygiumon slide.
N eol'i,mnophi,la d,aed,uleaAr,nxeNnnn
Neoli'mnophiladaedaleaALEXANDER, 1967: Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 74 (in press).

The types s'erefrom variousstationsin Sikkim,between11,500and 12,100feet,taken in June
1959by Fsnxrsl ScHurl.
The singlespecimenpresentlyavailableis in poor conditionbut appearscertainlyto belongto
this species
despitecertaindifferencesin wing pattern and venation.Comparedwith the typesthe
groundcolorof the rvingsis morewhitenedwhilethe darkenedstreakin outerendof cellR beneathRs is obsolete.Yenation:r-m connectingwith Rs beforethe fork, cell R, smallerthan in any of
the specimensfrom Sikkim, vein R, beinglessthan one-halfR4. It is possiblethat further specimensmight shorvthe presentspeciesto be distinct.
NEPAI: Thanke(: Tarnga,on the KariolungRasta),3800meters,June 9, 1961;a brokenJ,
6l/ e 8 .
CHEITOTRICHIA(EMPEDA)PLATYMESON
nov. spec.
Sizesmall(wingof male3.2mm); generalcolorationin alcoholdark brown,dorsopleuralregionof thorax yellowed;haltereswhitened;wingsvery slightly infuscated,veins comprisingthe cordslightly darker,Sclong, Sc. endingabout oppositemidlengthof Rs; malehypopygiumwith bothi

Xhunrbu Himal 3

97

CIIIRLES P. ALEXANDER

KEUMRTT HIMAL 3

branches of outer dististyle and the inner style with apices obtuse and simple; phallosome
unusually large and broad, slightly wider than long, posterior border nearly truncate.
Male. - Length about 3 mm;wing about 3.2 mm.
Describedfrom an alcoholicspecimen.Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennaebro$'n, the pedicel
very large,about twice the scape;proximal flagellar segmentsshort-oval,becomingmore elongate
outwarcllv (distal segmentsbroken). Head dark bron'n, apparently pruinose in fresh specimens.
pronotum obsclre yellow. Mesonotalpraescutumand scutum almost uniformly brown, scutellum and. postnotum lighter brown. Pleura brown, dorsopleural region extensively yellorved.
Halteres whitened. Legs with fore coxae brown, remaining coxae and the trochanters yellow;
remainder of legs light brown, outer tarsal segmentsdarkened.Wings (Plate 2, fig.13)relatively
short and broad, very slightly infuscated,prearcularand costalfields more yellowed,stigma barelv
indicated; veins pale brown, cord slightly darker. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending about opposite
micllengthof Rsi Rz*r*n nearly twice a slongas Rr.
Abdomen btown, hypopygium a little more yellowed. Male hypopygium (Plate 2, fig' l8)
with apical lobe of basistyleunusually slencler,setaelong, especiallythe terminal ones.DististYles.
d, pale throughout, outer style unequally branched,the slightly larger outer blade with longitrrdinal striae; inner style long and narrorv; both styles and branchessimple and obtusc ttt ti1rs.
phallosome,p, unusuallv large anclbroad, slightly wider than long, posterior border nearlr-trttrtcate.
Holotype, alcoholicd, Jiri, at light, April 20, 1961(JeNrrscHnr); 61/27.
Ceilotrichia(Emped,a)platymesondiffers from other region membersof the subgenttsrvitli vein
Sc long cliefly in hypop;'gial characters,including the slender terminal lobe of the basistr'le.
unmodifiedinner branchof the outer dististyle,and the broadphallosomicplate.The tttost.itrrilar
likewise from Nepal (Sinrbhartjang l)irs'.
such speciesare C. (8.) apemon Al,nxlurxn,
LTnxANDEIiof Kashniir ()[athang200feet, June 24, lgb?, E. I. CoHrn)and C. (8.) microd,onta
tir Gah, 11,000feet, August 7, 1954,FnnNaxu Scttutr-t).

anta Ar,nxexlnR
i'chia ( E mped,a) aQ's
Che.i,lotr
aasantaALEXANDER.
Cheikttrichia(Em,ped,o,)(ihyPoPYgium).
tion), fig. 32

1964: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..90:2ilo

2llJ.li'r. ixr|t'tt:r-

The type male was from Rapham, Sikkim,5250 feet, April 2, 1959, taken br- l't:tt\-\\l)

Scuurt.
3,61127'
NEPAL:Jiri,at light,April20,1961;alcoholic
Erioptera ( Symplecta) hybrida (MuccN)
L,imoniahybrid,a MEIGEN, 1804: Klass. und Beschr. Eur. zweifl. Ins., l. paft2:.57'
l: l2(i.
Erioptera (symptecta) hgbriita EDWARDS, 1938: Trans. Soc. Brit. Etrt.' 5, partOne of the most widely distributed crane flies, occurring almost throughout the Palaerrctic
region. In Arctic North America it occursfrom Alaska east to Ellesmereland.Elservherein North
America it is replacedby a closerelative, Eriopert,t (Symplecta) cana (War'xnH)'
NEPAL: X'irstcamp, near Banepa,April 11, 1961;alcoholic6 ?,6112.Return tnarch.Jiri,
June 15-16, 1961;alcoholic6 ?,611122.
98

THE CRANE FLIES (TRICHOCERIDAE AND TIPL.rLIDAI: DIPTERA)ERIOPTERA
nov.spce.
flIISIA) JAITETSCHEKI
General coloration brown; antennal flagellum vellow; halteres whitened; legs yellorv, tips offemora and tibiae dark bros'n; rvings yellowed, conspicuouslypatterned with brown, inclucling
five larger costal areas, with additional smaller spots along the veins, especiallybeyong cord;
cell l't M, long, basal sectionof M, nearly three times the transversem, vein 2"dA short, curved
into the margin; male hypopygium rvith a single unequally bilobed clististyle.
]Iale. - Length about 6-7.5 mm; wing 8-8.b mm.
Female. - Length about 7 mm;wing 7 mm.
Describedfrom alcoholic specimens.Rostrum and palpi brown. Antennae with scapebrown,
Oe remaining segmentsbrownish yellow. Head dark brown.
Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotumchiefly yellowish brown, lateral praescutalbordersand
eaterolateralparts of scutal lobesmore yellowed. Pleura brownish yellow, dorsopleuralmembrane
eleareryellow. Halteres whitened. Legs with coxaebrownish yellow; trochanters vellow; femora
end tibiae yellow-,tips dark brown; tarsi brownish yellow to brown. Wings (Plate Z, fig. 14)
yellorved,with a conspicuousbrown pattern that includesfive larger costal areasand abundant
spots and darkened seamselsewhere;darkened costal areas at arculus, Scr, tip of Sc1, Rr*,and Rr; continuousnarrow seamsalong cord and over m; a seriesof about three areasalong Ou;
veins beyond cord with pale brown spots,the marginal onesat ends of veins larger; veins yellow
in the ground, darker in the patterned areas.Venation: Sc, ending just beyond Rr, Sc, about
oppositeone-fourth Rs; cell 1" M, long, m transverse,basal sectionof M, elongate,from about
two and one-half to nearly three times m; vein 2ndA short, curved into the margin.
Abdomen brown. Male hypopygium (Plate 2, fig.19) with the tergite, t, very small, the posterior border shallowly emarginate.Basistyle,b, terminating in a slenderlobe. Dististyle, d, single,
unequally bilobed, the outer arm long and narrow, at apex twisted into a small oval lobe or blade,on mesal face at base u'ith a blackened hatchet-shapedblade. Phallosome, p, including two
slenderarms on either side, both directed caudad,the inner or mesal arm roughenedwith nunrerous microscopicappressedteeth, outer arm longer, more nearly smooth.
Holotype, alcoholic d, Basecamp (Yaral) near Pangpoche,about 3900meters,at light, May 12,
1961(JANETScHEK);6Llla. Allotopotype,alcoholicQ, with the type. Paratopotypes,alcohol i c d ? , M a y 1 3 , 1 9 6 1 ,6 1 / 5 5 ;l l f a y 2 9 , 1 9 6 1; 6 1 1 7 2 .
The speciesis named in honor of Professor HprNz JeNnrscuEK in appreciation of his
efforts to niake known the NepaleseTipulid,ae.In its general appearance,including especiallythe rving pattern. the most similar speciesirrclude Erioptera (Itisia) ba.d,akhensis
AlExaNonR,,of Afghanistan.and E.(1.) serenicolaAr,r:xextnn, of North Korea, both with the hypopygial
strncture quite different from that of the present fly. The regional E. (1.) asymmetricaAlnxANDER(indica Sr:xroH-WHTTE)
is lesssimilar.
SUMMAITY
From the present material of more than a hundred specimensof the families Trichocerat[rlae and Tipulid,ae which has been collected by Pnor. Dn. H. Jexprsurcr
within theframework of the ResearchSchemeNepal Himalaya, 33 speciescould be identified; of somemore specimensonly the genus could be recognised.8 speciescould be newly described:
Tricltocera triangularis, Nepltroto'mobreuisterneta,Tipula (S,inotip,ula) janetscheki, Limonia(Lintoniu) acutissima.Antochct'(Antocha) unicollis, Dicranota (Rhaphidokbis) laticollis, Cheilurichia (Empeclu) platymeson. Erioptera (Ilisia) janetscheki. The highest locality in which
7sgg

CEARLES P. AT,EXANDER

KEUMBU EIMAL 3

Pnor. JeNnrscnEr collected these flies was 5250 m, where a speciesof. Trichocera, probably
aersicolnrLonw, was caught. This locality is situated a little higher than the Terra typica ofLimonia (D,i,cranomy,in)perencelsiorAr,nxeNnnn in the Bolivian Andes (Illimani, 5600 m).
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Aus dem vorliegendenMaterial von reichlich 100 Exemplaren aus den n'amilien Trichoceratidae arrd der Tipulidae, die von Pnor. Dn. JeNnrscnnr im Rahmen des X'orschungsunternehmens Nepal I{imalaya gesammelt wurden, konnten 33 Arten identifiziert werden, voneinigen weiteren Exemplaren konnte nur die Gattung bestimmt werden. 8 Arten konnten als
neu beschriebenwerden:
Trichocera triangularis. Nephrotomabreuisternatn,T'ipuln (Sinotipuln) ianetschek'i,L'imonia(Limonia) acutissima, Antoclm (Antocha) unicollis, Diuanota (Rhaphiodolabis) lnticollis, Cheilotrich,in (E'mped,a)plntymeson, Erioptera (Ilisia) janetscheki.Die gr<iBteHiihe, in der Pnor.
J4NprscHnr diese n'liegen erbeutete, betrug 5250 m, wo eine Art von Trichocera,wahrscheinlich uersicolorLonw, gefangen wurde. Dieser X'undort liegt ein wenig hiiher als die
Terra typica von Tipul,a (Sinotipula) hypsistosAr,pxaNonn, jedoch etwas niedriger als die
Terra typica vor Limonia (Dicranomyia) perercelsior Ar,nxexDER, in den bolivianischen
Anden (Illimani, 5600 m).

REFERENCES
C. P., 1956-1959: Undescribed species of crane-flies from the Himalaya Mountains
ALEXANDER,( T i p u l i d a e ,D i p t e r a ) I J o u r . N . Y . E n t . S o c . , 6 4 : I 3 7 - 1 4 7 ; l g 5 6 ; I I I b i d . , 6 5 : 1 4 7 - 1 5 7 ; 1 9 5 7 . I I I
I b i d . , 6 6 : 1 6 l - 1 7 0 ; 1 9 5 8 .T h e s a m e I V I b i d . , 6 7 : 2 2 3 - 2 3 5 ; 1 9 5 9 ALEXANDER,, C. P., 1963: Classification and synonymy of the crane-flies described by Enrico Brunetti(Diptera: Families Ptychopteridae. Trichoceridae and Tipulidae) Rec. Indian Mus.59: l9-34.
BRUfrETTI, E., lgl2: Fauna British India, I)iptera Nematocera, pp.58l, l2 pls. (Tipulidae, 265-572\.
H A R D I E , N . , 1 9 5 9 : I m h c i c h s t e nN e p a l , M i i n c h e n . l - 1 6 0 , 4 3 f g s . , 3 m a p s .
JANETSCHEK, H., 1962: Bericht iiber die Zoologische Arbeitsgruppe des Deutschen Forschungsunternehmens Nepal-Himalaya 1961. Anzeig. fiir schiidlingskurrde 35, 43 -44.
MANI, M. S., ig62: Introduction to high altitude entomology. Insect life above the timber-line in the northwest Himalaya, pp. 302, I7 pls., 80 maps and figs. (Methuen, London).

Auth,ar'saild,ress:
pnor. Cnenr,nsP. ALnx^qNDER,
89Or,o Towu RoAtr,Aurinnsr (MesseurusnTTs,U. S. A.)

100