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TIPULIDAE FROM SHANSI, NORTH CHINA'(Diptera)
By CharlesP. Alexander'
I am deeply indebted to Dr. Keizb Yasumatsu, of the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, for the opportunity to study the crane-fliestaken byhimself in Shansi in t942. Although a large number of species of Tipulidae
have been recorded from China, virtually all of these are from south-westernand from south-eastern China, witfi relatively few records from the north.
Because of this f.act the present collection, while relatively small, is highly
important and has added a number of interesting records and additions to theChinese fauna, including five speciesthat are described as new at this time.
The types and representativesof all the speciesare preservedin the collectionof the EntomologicalLaboratory,Kyushu University, Ful<uoka,Japan.
Family Tipulidae
Subfamily Tipulinae
Genus Nephrotoma Meigen
1. Nephrotoma brierei Alexander
Nephrotoma brierei Alexander, Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 4, fasc. L: 23-26,
figs. 28-32 (venation, 6 hypopygium); 1937.
Known hitherto from Anhwei and Kiangsu.
Shansi: Hengshuichen(ffi^€)-Henglingkuan (ffifr8f:), May 9,1942;Henglingshan CffiH!r- Paihungkaokow(fb#!H E), June 9, 1942; Shihtsui ( 60jt,),June 6,
L942; Tungyehchen (Kif€),
June 14, 1942; Wutaihsien (fi6tlt), June 13, 1942;
Yentowtsun(HFEff), May 27,1942.
r Insects of Shansi, N. China. No. 18.
2 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.

-23-

24
Most of the specimens have the darkened areas on the body blacker andmore intense than in the types, as described; further, the bicolorous nature of
the proximal segments of the antennal flagellum is scarcely shown in thepresent specimens, the segments being uniformly darkened or virtually so.
However, from the structure of the male hypopygium there can be no questionof the identity of the specimens. The male hypopygium on the midregion of
the ninth sternite, immediately behind the posterior border of the eighthsternite, is produced into a small lobe or tubercle that is directed ventrad andslightly caudad. Ovipositor with apex of cercus narrowly obtuse.
Genus Tipula Linnaeus
2- Tiguls. (Y*rrrctotiputa,)rrava. Walker

Tipula noaa Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., l: 7l; 184t|.
Tipula fumifasciala Brunetti, Rec. Indian Mus., 6:2ffi; 1911.
Yamatotipula nohirae Matsumura, Thous. Ins. Japan, Addit. 2: 46I-462; 1916.
Very widely distributed in southern and eastern Asia.
Shansi : Wangmaochen (f:,#G), May 14, 1942.
3. Tipula (Yamatotipula) parvincisa Alexander
Tiputa (Tipula) paruincisa Alexand"r, ihilippine Jour. Sci., 52: 311-312;1933.
Described from eastern Siberia, now known as far south as northern China,
Hopei and Shensi.
Shansi: Tsintzechen (#frafr), May 23, L942; Wangmaochen, May 14, 1942.
4.

Tipula (Oreomyza) yasumatsuana sp. n.

Size medium (wing, male, over 15 mm.); general coloration of thorax gray,the praescutum with a central trifid brown pattern, including a capillary medianvitta and the lateral borders of the normal central stripe ; claws (male) simple;
wings light yellow, with a very poorly defined darker pattern i Rt+z entire;aMomen obscure orange, the outer segments darker; male hypopygium large,
the posterior border of the tergite unequally trilobed, the median lobe longest;
inner dististyle blackened and corrugated on outer face, the outer basal lobe
an acute spine; eighth sternite bearing a conspicuous brush of setae.
Male.-Length about 14 mm.; wing 16.5 mm.; antenna about 3.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of head brownish gray above, darker on sides; nasus
elongate ; palpi brown. Antennae relatively short; basal three segmentsyellow,
the succeeding ones weakly bicolorous, the small basal enlargements darker
brown than the stems; verticils conspicuous, the longest exceeding the segments. Head gray, the occiput brownish yellow; anterior vertex relatively
narrow, the low tubercle impressed medially.
Pronotum gray, patterned with brown. Mesonotal praescutum gray, with thebrown central stripe trifid, including broader lateral borders and a central

25
capillary vitta, these areas enclosing gray lines; lateral praescutal stripes
scarcely darker than the ground; setae and setigerous punctures very small;posterior sclerites of notum gtay, clearer behind, scarcely patterned. Pleurawith the propleura and mesepisternum gray, the mesepimeron, meron andpleurotergite somewhat paler. Halteres with stem pale yellow, knob weakly
darkened. Legs with the coxae pale yellow, sparsely pruinose; trochanters

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Explanation of Figures
Tipula (Oreornyza)gasumatsuana sp. n.; venation.
Tipula (Oreomyza)yasurnatsuana sp. n.; male hylropygium.
Antocha (Antocha) shansienslssp. n.; venation.
Rhabdomastix (Sacanrlaga)shansicd sp. n.; venation.
Erioptera (Psilocorcpa)yasumatsai sp. n.; venation.
sp. n.; antenna (male); basal stx
Antocha (Antocha) shansiensas
segments of flagellum.
Fig. 7. Antocha (Antocha) shansienslssp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 8. Antocha (Antocha) rectispino sp. n.; male hypopygium.
Fig. 9. Erioptera (Psiloconopa)yasumatsui sp. n.; male hypopygium.
(Symbols: 6, basistyle; 4 dististyles ; g, gonapophysis;p, phallosome ; s, sternite; l, tergite).

Fig. l.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

26
yellow; femora brownish yellow, the tips gradually and vaguely d.arkened;
tibiae brownish yellow, the tips darker; tarsi brown ; claws (male) simple.
Wings (fig. 1) with the ground light yellow, with a very pale brown patternthat includes a broad seam over the cord and the rving apex; a cloud at originof Rs; stigma darker brown ; prearcular and costal fields more saturated
brownish yellow; obliterative area across cell lsl M2 conspicuous,the included
veins whitened, remaining veins brownish yellow to brown. Macrotrichia ofveins beyond cord short but very abundant. Venation: Rs exceeding twice
m-ctt; Rr+z entire; cell Ist Mz pentagonal,m the shortest element; petiole ofcell Mr about twice m.
AMomen stout, obscure orange, the tergites weakly pruinose, with indicationsof a darker central vitta; outer segments, especially the sixth to eighthsternites, darker brown; hypopygium large. Male hypopygium (fig. 2) describedfrom the dried type and some of the details not clearly apparent. Basistylesmall, simple, entirely separated from the sternite by a suture. Ninth tergite,
91, with the outer lateral angles produced into low triangular lobes; medianregion of posterior border more strongly produced into a slender central lobe,
parallel-sided,the apex truncated, blackened. Outer dististyle, d, pale, flattened,
about twice as long as broad. Inner dististyle, 4 large and compressed,thebeak and lower beak blackened, the latter more pointed; outer face of style
blackened and with parallel striae or corrugations (the exact extent of thispolished area somewhat uncertain); outer basal lobe a strong erect rod thatis produced at tip into a blackened spine, with a small triangular tooth at its
base. Gonapophysis,g, conspicuously biramous, heavily blackened, the upper
arm longer, unequally bidentate at tip, the axial spine longer; lower arm
appearing as an acutely pointed spine. Eighth sternite, 8s, sheathing, narrowed
posteriorly, the apical margin with a semicircular flap that bears a dense brushof long delicate setae, the shoulders with fewer and stouter bristles.
Holotype, 6, Taihuaichen (trH€),

Shansi, June 4, 1942(Yasumatsu).

I am very pleased to name this interesting fly in honor of the collector, Dr.
Keiz0 Yasumatsu, to whom we owe this important addition to our knowledgeof the insect fauna of Shansi. There are numerous species of the subgenus ineastern Asia but the present fly is evidently distinct from all. The mostsimilar species include Tipula (Oreomyza)apicispina Alexander, T. (O.) flaaocostalis Alexander, and, T. (O.) rnesacantha'Alexander, all of which differ markedly
in coloration and, especially, in the structure of the male hypopygium.
Subfamily Limoniinae
Tribe Limoniini
Genus Limonia Meigen
5. Limonia (Dicranomyia) didyma Meigen
Limonia didyma Meigen, Klass., 1 : 55; 1804.
Limtubia tritntata Meigen, Syst. Beschr., 1 : 143; 1818.

27
Dicrarumyia oscillansHaliday, Entomol. Mag., I : 154; 1833.
Limonia (Dicranomyia) didyma Edwards, Trans. Soc. British Ent., 5: 34, pl.
2, fig. 18 (wing); 1938.
One of the most widely distributed members of the subgenus in Europe but
not previously known from eastern Asia. Despite the lack of the male sex in
the present material, I believe the identification is correct and greatly extends
the known range of the species.
Shansi: Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, May g, Lg42; 1 g .
Genus Antocha Osten Sacken
6.

Antocha(Antocha) bifida Alexander

Antocha (Antocha) bilrda Alexander,2, fig. 10 (d hypopygium);1924.

Philippine

Jour. Sci., 24: s64-sffi, pl.

Described from northern Japan; now known to be very widely distributed inJapan, south to Formosa; Korea; China, westward to Szechwan.
Shansi: Taihuaichen-Chenhaissu ($HW+), June 4, lg4Z; yentow_tsun, May
27, L942.
7.

Antocha (Antoeha) rectispina

sp. n.

Size medium (wing, male, 7 mm.); mesonotum gray, the praescutum withfour brown stripes, the intermediate pair more distinct ; legs obscure yellow;
wings grayish brown, unpatterned, the prearcular field more whiteneC; malehypopygium with the tergite very narrowly transverse, the posterior borcler
very gently convex to nearly straight; outer dististyle stout, the apex obtuse;inner gonapophysis appearing as a very long and slender needlelike spine.
Male.-Length about 6.5 mm.; rving 7 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antennae broken. Head gray.
Pronotum Etay, patterned above with light brolvn. Nlesonotal praescutum
light gray with four poorly defined brown stripes, the broad intermediate pairmore distinct, separated by a capillary ground line; lateral stripes broad butvery indistinct; humeral region restrictedly more reddened; posterior sclerites
of notum gray. Pleura gray; dorsopleural membrane pale. Halteres with stem
whitened, knob weakly infuscated.
Legs with the coxae obscure yellow;
trochanters yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow or brownish yellow, theouter tarsal segments infuscated. Wings grayish brown, unpatterned, theprearcular cells more whitened. Venation : nt-ctr close to fork of. IVf.
AMomen dark brown, the hypopygium somewhat more brightened. Male
hypopygium (fig. 8) with the tergite, 9t, very narrowly transverse, the width
approximately four times the greatest length ; posterior border very gently
convex to nearly straight; setae restricted to posterior third, relatively sparse,
for the most part in two rows only. Dististyles, d, nearly terminal; outerstyle blackened, stout, gently arcuated, the apex a little narrowed, obtuse;28
inner style a little longer, with long conspicuous setae at apex. Phallosome,andrt, with the inner gonapophysis distinctive, appearing as a very long
slender needlelike spine, the tip acute ; outer apophysishyaline, shorter, bladeIike. Apex of aedeagusdecurved, simple.
(A,f€G), Shansi, May 11, 1942
Holotype, ;,, Siachitui (Tl[t$)-Kaolochen(Yasumatsu).
The present fly is most like Antoclza (Antocha) spicata Alexander and A. (4.)
shansiensissp. tr., differing in the details of coloration and, especially, in the
structure of the male hypopygium, particularly the tergite, outer dististyle andphallosome.
8. Antocha (Antocha) shansieneis sp. n.
Size large (wing, 8 mm. or more); general coloration of thorax graY, thepraescutum with three confluent more brownish stripes; antennae relatively
long, strongly nodulose, the segment with dense erect pale setae; legs brownish
yellow ; wings yellowish Eray, unpatterned ; veins yellow; aMominal tergites
dark brown, basal sternites and hypopygium yellowed; male hypopygium withthe tergite narrow, transverse, the posterior border very gently convex ; both
dististyles of approximately the same shape, the outer one blackened, its tip
obtuse.
Male.-Length about 8-8.5 mm.; wing 8-8.5 mm.; antenna about 1.9-2 mm.
Female.-Length about 8.5-9 mm.; wing 9.3-9.5mm.
Rostrum dark brown; palpi brownish black. Antennae (fig. 6) relatively
long, black; flagellar segments strongly narrowed at outer end to produce a
nodulose appearance; dilated part with dense erect pale setae; outer two segments cylindrical, almost equal in length. Head dark EraY, more brownish
gray on vertex.
Thorax Eray, the praescutum with three confluent more brownish stripes;
posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura clear gray. Halteres with stem
pale, knob weakly infuscated. Legs tvith coxae dark gray i trochanters brown;
femora and tibiae obscure yellow or brownish yellow, the tips vaguely darker;
tarsi brorvn, the outer segments black; claws toothed. Wings (fiS. 3) yellowish
gray, unpatterned; veins yellow or brownish yellow. Veins beyond cord withtrichia on outer ends, on distal section of Rr*o including the outer two'thirdsof the vein. Venation: Rz lying opposite or just beyond level of. r-m; cell lst
Mz closed ; m-cu shortly before f.ork of. M.
Affiominal tergites dark brown, basal sternites obscure yellow, the sixth andsucceeding segments more pruinose; hypopygium fulvous. Ovipositor with
cerci slender, nearly straight. Male hypopygium (fig. 7) with the tergite, 91,
narrow, transverse, the vridth more than three times the greatest length ;posterior border very gently convex ; outer third of tergite with numerous
setae, directed caudad. Dististyles, d, almost terminal, of nearly the same
shape, the outer style blackened, its tip obtuse; inner style a little longer,29
pale, with a ferv short stout setae at tip. Phallosoml, P, including various
spines and blades, the more conspicuous about as shown, including a pair of
slender curved rods.
Holotype, J, Chenhaissu-Taihuaichen, Shansi, June 4, 1942 (Yasurnatsu).
Allotopotype, ? . Paratopotypes,L 3, 2 ? ? .
This large gray species of Antocha is readily told from all other regional
members of the genus by the diagnostic characters provided above,particularly
the structure of the antennae and the male hypopygium. The general natureof the hypopygiurn is most as in Antocha (Antocha) setigera Alexander and A.
(A.) spicala Alexander, but the structural details are quite distinct.
9. Antocha (Antocha) sp., near satsuma Alexander
Antocha (Antocha) satsuma Alexander, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 12: 332;
1919.
Shansi : Henglingkuan, May L2, L942; Wangmaochen, l|.l/ayL4, 1942.
A small species represented only by females which cannot be identified withcertainty. In its general appearance, particularly the conspicuous stigma of
the wing, it suggests a small satsuma but very possibly represents an undescribed species.
Tribe Eriopterini
Genus Conosia van der WulP
10. Conosia irrorata (Wiedemann)
Limnobia irrorata Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., I : 574; 1828.
Limnobia substitutaWalker, List Diptera Brit. Mus., 1 : 39; 1848.
Limrcphila crux Doleschall, Naturk. Tijdschr. Nederl. Indie, 14: 388; 1857.
Cornsia irrorata van der Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Entomol., 23: 161; 1880.
One of the most widely distributed of all known crane-flies, ranging fromeastern Australia westward across southern and eastern Asia, thence into
Africa at least as far south as the Tropic of Capricorn. The present record is
the most northerly from China and the first report from north of the Hwang
Ho.
Shansi: Wangmaochen,MaY 14, 1942.
Genus Gonomyia Meigenll.

Gonomyia (Gonomyia), near superba Alexander
Gonomyia (Gonomyia)superbaAlexander, Canad. Ent., 45: ?35-286; 1913.

A single female of what seems to be this specieswithout much question but
the male sex will be necessary for full confirmation. The fly is wide-spreadin Japan and Korea but had not been recorded from China.
May 28, 1942.
Shansi: Yentorv-tsun-Tamuyen (X*6),

30
Genus Rhabdomastix
t2.

Rhabdomastir

Skuse(Sacandaga) shansica sp. n.

Size relatively small (wing, female, 5 mm.); general coloration of heacl andthorax gray, the praescutum with two intermediate brownish gray stripes;
antennae black; wings with a weak brownish tinge, stigma scarcely darker
than the ground; ,Sc moderately long, ,Sbslacking or far retracted ; cell lst Mz
unusually broad, basal section of. Ms short; aMomen dark brown.
Female.-Length about 5 mm. ; wing b mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with scape brown, the remainder
black; flagellar segments long-oval, the outer ones still Ionger ; terminal segment about one-third longer than the penultimate; verticils long. Head clear
light gray; anterior vertex broad.
Pronotum graY, the sides of the scutellum more yellowed. Mesonotum gray,the praescutum with two intermediate darker brownish gray stripes; pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black, the latter separated by a distanceabout equal to twice their own diameter; scutellum, and pleura somewhat
clearer gray; dorsopleural membrane dusky. Halteres light yellow. . Legs withthe coxae and trochanters pale brownish gray; remainder of legs light brown,
the terminal tarsal segments darker.
Wings (fig. 4) with a weak brownish
tinge, the prearcular and costal fields a trifle more brightened; stigma scarcely
darker than the ground ; veins very pale brown. Macrotrichia on outer ends
of veins Ro, Mt*z and Ms, on the first of these including the outer two-thirds ;anal angle of wing poorly developed. Venation: Sc moderately long, Scr
ending about opposite three-fourths Rs, ,Sc2apparently lacking (wing poorly
visible at this point, if Scs is present, vein Scr would be very long); vein Rg
suberect, a little shorter than the distance on costa between veins Rr+z andRa; cell lst Mz unusually broad, basal section of Ms short ; distal section ofvein Mt+z only moderately arched; cell 2nd A relatively narrow.
Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor with the cerci long and relatively slender,
appearing as narrow blades; hypovalvae even more slender and imuch shorter.
Holotype, ?, Wangmaochen, Shansi, May 14, 1942 (Yasumatsu).
Quite distinct from the other rather numerous species of the genus now
known from eastern Asia. It is most similar to llhabdomastir (Sacanttaga)
iaponica Alexander, and R. (,S.)minicola Alexander, differing in the coloration,
venation, and trichiation of the veins.
Genus Erioptera
13. Erioptera

Meigen(Hoplolabis) asiatica Alexander

Erioptera (Hoplolabis) asiatica Alexander, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 7l M7,148; 1918.
Eriorttera (Hoplolabis) asiatica Alexander, Entomol. Mag. (Kyoto), z: 124-l2s.

19r9.

31
Widely distributed in Japan and continental eastern Asia, including eastern
Siberia, south to the vicinity of Peiping, North China. Very recently it has
been found in interior Alaska.
Shansi : Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, May 9, 1942; Yentow-tsun, May 27,
1942; Yentow-tsun-Tamuyen, May 28, L942.
14. Erioptera (Symplecta) chosenensis Alexander
Erioptera (Symhlecta) chosetuzsl'sAlexander, Philippine Jour. Sci., 71 : 67-69;

r940.
Described from the Seren Mountains, north Korea. I had assumed that thepresent material pertained b Ertopfura (Symplecta) hybrida (Meigen), abundant
and wide-spread throughout the entire northern Palaearctic reigon and acrossBering Strait into extreme western Alaska. However there is no doubt of theidentity of the specimens, which greatly extend the known range.
Shansi: Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, May 9, 1942; Siachitui-Kaolochen,
May 11, 1942; Henglingkuan, May 12, 1942; Yentow-tsun, May 27, L942;
Yentow-tsun-Tamuyen, May 28, 1942; Taihuaichen-Chenhaissu, June 4, 1942;
Nanpintsun (-r$fFff)-Henglingshan, June 7, 1942; Tungyehchen, June 14, 1942;
Wutaihsien, June 12, 1942.
15. Erioptera (Psiloconopa) yasumatsui sp. n.
Size small (wing, male, about 4.5 mm.); general coloration Etay, the praescutumwith two brown stripes; femora obscure yellow, the tips broadly infuscated ;wings weakly tinged with brownish, unpatterned; vein Scr very long, about
equal to Rs; cell M2 open by atrophy of basal section of. Ms; male hypopygium
rvith two terminal dististyles, the outer a simple rod that narrows to an acutepoint; inner style with the tip subacute, with a microscopic blackened spine
before tip; gonapophysis pale, bladelike ; aedeagus with paired lobes, theapical points short.
Male.-Length about 3.5 mm. ; wing 4.4 mm.
Rostrum brown above, paler beneath; palpi brownish black. Antennae darkbrown; flagellar segments oval, the verticils short. Head brown, paler in front
and on anterior orbits.
Pronotum brown, the pretergites light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum gtay,
the humeral region yellowed; two brown intermediate stripes, separated by abroad central line of the ground color, this including the tuberculate pits which
are separated from one another by a distance about equal to the diameter of
either ; interspaces with erect setae; region of the suture vaguely moreyellowed; scutal lobes darkened; posterior sclerites of notum obscure yellow,
vaguely more darkened on central portion. Pleura chiefly brownish gtay, withan obscure yellow longitudinal stripe across the dorsal sternopleurite. Halteres
rvith stem yellow, knob weakly infuscated. Legs with the coxae and trochantersbrorvnish yellow to obscure yellow; femora obscure yellow, the tips rather

32
broadly infuscated; tibiae and tarsi light brown, the terminal tarsal segments
darker. Wings (fig. 5) with a weak brownish tinge, unpatterned; veins lightbrown. Venation: ,Scrending shortly before level of fork of Rs, Scz far removed
about opposite origin of Rs, the latter long, subequal to vein
from tip of ^Sc1,
Rs; cell Mz open by atrophy of basal section of Msi m'ctr a short distance
before fork of. M; Anal veins divergent, 2nd A gently convex.
Abdomen, including hypopygium brown, possibly pruinose or patterned in
fresh specimens. Male hypopygium (fig. 9) with the basistyle, D, elongate, withlong scattered setae; dististyles, d, terminal or virtually so. Outer dististyle aslender simple rod, narrowed very gradually to the long acute terrninal spine;
inner style longer, slender, narrowed to the subacute tip, before apex on lower
surface with a microscopic blackened point or spine. Phatlosome, p, including
long pale bladelike gonapophyses and paired lobes of the aedeagus, the latter
longer, their tips prolonged into short points.
Holotype, g , Tungyehchen, Shansi, June 14, 1942 (Yasumatsu).
This slnall but desirable fly is dedicated to the collector, Dr. Keizb Yasumatsu. It is quite distinct from other generally similar regional members of
the subgenus, especially in the venation and structure of the male hypopygium.
Such species include Erioptera (Psiloconopa) laudatrir Alexander and E. (P.)
tridenticalata Alexander.