TSUNAMI AWARENESS IN INDONESIA
Khaerunnisa Ph.D
Brigitta Michelle S.T.

khaerunnisa@uajy.ac.id

Contents

01

02

03

Tsunami inIndonesia at a
glance 19902020

Tsunamiawareness
projects

TsunamiAwareness in
the Society• Structural• Non Structural• Questionnaire
SurveyTSUNAMI IN INDONESIA
AT A GLANCE

Picture source: theatlantic.com

Indonesia is located at the confluence of three active earth plates, namely the Indo Australia plate, theEurasian plate and the Pacific plate. This plate activity is the most frequent cause of tsunamis inIndonesia

Tsunami Events in Indonesia 1990-2020 (based ondeath toll)
Year
2008
2009
2010
2014
2015
2017
2018
2016
2005
2006
2007
2004
2003
2002
2011
2012
2013
2019
2020
2000
2001
1999
1998
1995
1996
1997
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
5

166,08
0
413
800

1
9
2,03
7

25

431

238
20
0

18
5
0

4

11
8

110

2,50
0
16

(Triyono et al, 2019

Tsunami Events in Indonesia 1990-2020 (based on
Richter Scale)
Year
2008
2009
2010
2014
2015
2017
2018
2016
2005
2006
2007
2004
2003
2002
2011
2012
2013
2019
2020
2000
2001
1999
1998
1995
1996
1997
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

8.2

9
7.
2

6.
8
7.7

8.7
7.9
7.4

8.4
3
.
4

7.8
7.7

7.6

6.
7

6.
9

8.2

7.6

7.8
7.5

(Triyono et al, 2019

Number of Tsunami Events 1990-2020
2000-2009 (8)2010-2019 (4)
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•

2010: October 25 (Mentawai)
2012: April 11 ((Aceh)
2018: September 28 (Donggala),
December 22 (Banten)

•

2004
2012
2005

2000

2010

2018

1996

2007

•
•

1992: December 12 (Alor)
1994: March 6 (Banyuwangi)
1995: May 14 (Papua), August 10(Halmahera)
1996: January 1 (Donggala), February 18(Biak)
1998: November 29 (Taliabu)

1995
2002

2006
1995
1998

1990-1999 (7)•••2000: May 4 (Banggai)
2002: October 10 (Papua)
2004: October 11 (Alor), December 24 (Aceh)
2005: March 28 (Padang)
2006: March 14 (Seram), July 17(Pangandaran)
2007: September 12 (Bengkulu)

2006
2018

1994

2004

1992

1996

Tsunami Repetitiveness in Indonesia
since 1945 (based on area)
Sulawesi: 6(1967, 1968, 1969,
1996, 2000, 2018)• Donggala: 2(1996, 2018)

Papua: 5 (1979,
1995, 1996,
2002, 2011)

Sumatra: 5(2004, 2005, 2007,2010, 2012)• Aceh: 2 (2004,
2012)

MalukuIslands: 4 (1965,
1995, 1998,
2006)

Java: 3 (1994,
2006, 2018)

Nusa Tenggara: 5 (1977, 1979, 1982, 1992,
2004)• Alor: 2 (1992, 2004)(Triyono et al, 2019

Tsunami Risk in Indonesia◦ Based on the results of the risk assessment, the total number of people exposed to the riskof the tsunami disaster in Indonesia is 4,102,406 people in all provinces in Indonesia witha potential loss of up to Rp. 879 Trillion (62.2 Billion USD)

https://bnpb.go.id/documents/buku-renas-pb.pdf

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Impact Map
Aceh
166,080 died,
6,245 lost, 2,507
injured. At least
500,000 lost theirhome.
Aceh: Krueng
Raya
5 m puddle
Aceh: Banda Aceh 9 m
puddleAceh: Lhokruet 10 m
puddleNorth Sumatra: Nias
51 died and 33 lost

Aceh: Panteraja
4.5 m puddle
Aceh: Lhoknga 30 m
puddleNorth Sumatra: Serdang
Bedagai
3 died, 1 lost

(Triyono et al., 2019)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Comparison

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

68,000 ha land was destroyed because of the tsunami(Tempo.co, 2005)

In 2020 (Google Earth Pro)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami:
Gampong Kajhu
Saltwater
ponds forshrimps

Gampong Kajhu Before the Tsunami(Google Earth Pro)

Gampong Kajhu Map(Google Maps)

Disaster-resilient Coastal Village in Gampong
Kajhu(aceh.tribunnews.com)

Villagers still stay intheir villages althoughfacing high risks fromtsunami. Rebuilt washelped by Indonesian
Red Cross and IOM(Bonasir, 2014).
Gampong Kajhu in 2009
(Google Earth Pro)

Gampong Kajhu Tsunami(mongabay.co.id)

Gampong Kajhu(aceh.antaranews.com)

Tsunami Impact: Only
15% villagers were safe
from the tsunami(Ferdiansyah, 2018)

Projects: Disaster-resilient Coastal Village(Destana) encourages active participations fromthe villagers. Trainings are provided by local
government and NGO. (Saroji et al., 2016)

Gampong Kajhu in 2020
(Google Earth Pro)

Current status: Listed
as one of the best 100
best villages inIndonesia(Kementerian Desa
Pembangunan Daerah
Tertinggal dan
Transmigrasi, 2018)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Deli Serdang
Projects: Madanifoster home wasbuilt in Deli
Serdang to housechildren who losttheir parents in thetsunami(detikNews, 2005)
2004 Tsunami Impact Map(en.wikipedia.org)

Deli Serdang Map(id.wikipedia.org)

Tsunami Impact: At least
51 people died in Deli
Serdang and Nias (Media
Indonesia, 2019)

Madani Foster Home in Deli Serdang(facebook.com)

Installing WRS NewGen and Mapping Soil Vulnerability in Deli Serdang(sumut.antaranews.com)

Projects: In 2020, WRS NewGen was installed in Deli Serdang(Juraidi, 2020a). The government also mapped soil vulnerability
in Deli Serdang to mitigate risks (Juraidi, 2020b). Shelter zones
for tsunami are also chosen from existing buildings such as
mosques and halls.

Deli Serdang in 2009
(Google Earth Pro)

Deli Serdang in 2020
(Google Earth Pro)

Current status: Became more
populated. Opened Kualanamu
International Airport in 2013.

2004 Indian Ocean
Tsunami: Nias

Projects:
Sirombu Market
in Nias wasdestroyed andrelocated(Bangkit, 2011).

Nias Map(id.wikipedia.org)

Nias in 2012
(Google Earth Pro)

Sirombu Market Relocated(travel.detik.com)

Nias in 2020
(Google Earth Pro)

Sirombu Market Destroyed(gemaniasbarat.wordpress.com)

Tsunami Impact: At least
51 people died and 33
people lost in Nias
(detikNews, 2004)

Nias Evacuation Drill(bnpb.go.id)

ITSS(ugm.ac.id)

Projects: Evacuation drills have been done throughout the years
in Nias (Yanuarto, 2020) . An early warning systems based onradon gas concentrations and groundwater levels is developed
by UGM (Ika, 2020).

Current status: Nias is a tourist
destination. Some beaches are
now filled by coral rocks causedby 1 to 2 m land elevation fromthe tsunami. (Yordan et al., 2017)

Post 2004 Tsunami: Present Condition

241 people died in
North Sumatra (DeliSerdang, Serdang
Bedagai, Nias)(detikNews, 2005a)

2004 Tsunami Impact Map(en.wikipedia.org)

Sirombu Market Destroyed(gemaniasbarat.wordpress.com)

Sirombu Market Relocated(travel.detik.com)

Sirombu Market in Nias was destroyed and relocated(Bangkit, 2011)

Mangrove Planting in Sedang Bedagai(goodnewsfromindonesia.id)

After thetsunami,10,000mangrovetrees wereplanted in
CerminBeach(Anggraeni,
2018)

Madani Foster Home in Deli Serdang(facebook.com)

Madani foster home
was built in Deli
Serdang to housechildren who losttheir parents in thetsunami (detikNews,
2005b)In 2020, WRS
NewGen was
installed in Deli
Serdang (Juraidi,
2020)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Serdang Bedagai

Before the tsunami,
the beach was kept
mostly natural.

Serdang Bedagai Map(en.wikipedia.org)

Mangrove Planting in Serdang
Bedagai 1(goodnewsfromindonesia.id)

Cermin Beach in 2002 (Google
Earth Pro)

Recclamation after
the tsunami

Cermin Beach in 2005 (Google Earth Pro)

Serdang Bedagai Tsunami(sumut24.co)Tsunami Impact: In Cermin
Beach, the tsunami was 4 meterheight and killed 3 fishermen, 1
lost. (Media Indonesia, 2019).

Current status:
Beaches have been
built towards theyears and become
more populated.

Mangrove Planting in Serdang
Bedagai 2(goodnewsfromindonesia.id)

Projects: After the tsunami,
10,000 mangrove trees wereplanted in Cermin Beach(Anggraeni, 2018)

Cermin Beach in 2020 (Google EarthPro)Post 2004 Tsunami: Before the Indian Ocean
Tsunami 2004

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

Aceh Map (en.wikipedia.org)

Aceh is the westernmost province of Indonesia andwas the closest point of land to the epicenter of the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. It
covers the area of 58,376.81 km2 and inhabited byaround 5 million people (BPS, 2019)
Aceh Before the Tsunami (arup.com)

Post 2004 Tsunami: After the Indian Ocean
Tsunami 2004

After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

After Tsunami (Source: dw.com)

December 26, 2004
• 9 SR, 5-30 m far field type tsunami(tsunami that have propagation of up
to 1,000 km) (Pratama, 2018)• 166,080 people died and 2,507 wereseriously injured (Triyono et al., 2019)• A tsunami early warning system has
now been built along the waters
between Indonesia and Thailand

Post 2004 Tsunami: Present
Condition

Aceh 2020 (Google Earth Pro)

Malahayati Port Rehab(dishub.acehprov.go.id)

Tsunami Escape Building(national.tempo.co)

Aceh Besar Breakwater (antarafoto.com)

TSUNAMI
AWARENESS
PROJECTS
Background
Structural and non structuralprojects

Mainstreaming DRR in
National Medium Term Development Plan
National Level

Local
Level/Municipal

Community
Level

ResilientVillage
BNPB

BPBD

Resilient
City
Family based
resilience

There is already a mandate from Law
No. 27/2007 to include disaster risk
assessment in regional development
planning. Hence it is not clear how
much should be invested in disasterrisk reduction at the regional level.
This condition, supported by ademocratic system in the election ofregional leaders and regional
autonomy, has made the application of
DRR in regional development
planning dependent on the good willof the policy makers.

Level of progress in HFA in Indonesia

Community Level Tsuami awareness inIndonesia• Lack of maintenance for tsunami EWS.
Budget for maintenance is only available
for 70 out of total 170 censors inIndonesia (Lin & Henschke, 2018)• Some EWS are insignificant. For example,
in Palu the censor is 200 km away fromthe beach and can only detect 6 cm wave
rise (Lin & Henschke, 2018)

Nationally Mandated Program : Destana (Village Resilience Programs)

Java Destana Expedition in 2019
(idntimes.com)

Disaster-resilient Villages/ subdistricts (Destana) is a government
program to train villages/ subdistricts throughout Indonesia tobe self-sufficient in disasters bydeveloping mindset to adapt,
mitigate, and recover (Regulation Of
The Head Of The National Disaster
Management Agency Number 1 Year
2012)

Destana Training in Aceh
(aceh.tribunnews.com)

Destana Training in West Java(jabarekspres.com)

Destana output:• Strengthening mitigations• Mapping disaster-prone regions• Creating mitigation rules andregulation• Strengthening people’s knowledge
about disasters and mitigations• Encouraging active participation
for mitigations from villagers (SNI
8357:2017 Disaster-resilient Villages)
Destana Training in Central Java(jateng.tribunnews.com)

5000 destana was targeted to be established in 2019

Trans Mentawai Project: Background Tsunami Event (before the 2010 tsunami)

Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

Mentawai Map (commons.wikimedia.org)

Mentawai Islands cover the area of
6,011.35 km2 and had a population of76,173 at the 2010 Census. The
islands are famous for surfing; hence
they become international tourist
destinations.
Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort (takaitu.id)
Surfing in Mentawai (macaroniresort.com)

Local Government initiated Programs: Trans Mentawai Project

Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

After Tsunami (viva.co.id)

October 25, 2010
• 7.7 SR, 6-12 m tsunami earthquake (Triyono et al., 2019)• “Tsunami earthquakes” are strange in that they happen almost entirely in the soft, weak section of thefault so they create a much larger tsunami than expected. (Sahakian, 2020)• 456 people died and concrete construction buildings collapsed under the tsunami (Triyono et al.,2019), and 15,000 more were displaced or left homeless (Sahakian, 2020).

Local Government initiated Programs: Trans Mentawai ProjectTrans Mentawai is needed
because so far access has
only relied on waterways(Sagurung, 2020). It istargeted to be 393.5 km long
(Jannah, 2018),
Clearance for Trans
Mentawai(mentawaikita.com)

Cilacap Mangrove Forest: Symbiotic Approach between Tourism and Infrastructure

Cilacap After the Earthquake (Google Earth Pro)

After the Earthquake 1(thephenomena.files.wordpress.com)

After the Earthquake 2(jabar.tribunnews.com)

Cilacap Map (Google Maps)

August 17, 2006
• 7.7 SR
• 40% people didn't feel the earthquake
before the tsunami came. 40% felt a faintearthquake and only less than 20% felt astrong earthquake (Muhari, 2016)• 664 people died (Triyono et al., 2019)

Eco-Tourism approach for Better Tsunami Resilience: Mangrove Forest Cilacap

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

August 17, 2006
• 3-8 meter tsunami earthquake• Tsunami earthquakes create bigger tsunami
magnitudes than they should have been (Muhari, 2016)• Tsunami from tsunami earthquakes is more difficult tobe predicted than a usual tsunami event
After the Tsunami 1(dara.co.id)

After the Tsunami 2(harapanrakyat.com)

Mangrove Forest: A symbiosis approach for DISASTER resilience

Local government hascoached 11 villages to beresilient towards
disasters and is planningto broaden the scope(BNPB, 2012).
Cilacap Mangrove Forest Satelite View
(Google Earth Pro)

Mangrove Seeding by Local Communities(mongabay.co.id)

Cilacap Mangrove Forest
serves as both aconservation area and a
tourist destination.

Cilacap Mangrove Forest 1(kompasiana.com)

Cilacap Mangrove Forest 2 (travelingyuk.com)

Hutan Kota Palu: Trauma Healing Post 2018 Tsunami

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

Palu Map (en.wikipedia.org)

Palu covers an area of 395.06 km2
inhabited by 367,600 people (2015census). It is located in Sulawesi, an islandwith the most frequent tsunami disasters
in Indonesia since 1945 (6 times)
Ponulele Bridge Before the Tsunami (travel.okezone.com)

Hutan Kota Palu: Palu right after the tsunami

After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

Ponulele Bridge After Tsunami (bbc.com)

September 28, 2019
• 7.4 SR, 2-7 m tsunami• 2,037 people died, 671 people were missing, 152 people
were buried, 4,084 people were injured and 67,310
houses were damaged (Triyono et al., 2019)• The earthquake damaged the electricity andcommunication networks. This means that many people
did not receive a tsunami warning (Lin & Henschke, 2018)
Ponulele Reconstruction(liputan6.com)

Village Reconstruction(instagram.com)

Hutan Kota Palu: Moving the Crowd Trauma Healing

Kamboana Palu Urban Forest 1(tribunnews.com)

Kamboana Food Stall (sultengterkini.com)

Kamboana Palu Urban Forest now becomes one of
the main tourist attractions in Palu because thebeach attractions were destroyed by the 2018
tsunami (Sandhi, 2019). This place serves as a green
space and a recreational place that facilitates
sports such as skateboarding, futsal, basketball,
ATV. There is food stall surrounding the area.
Kamboana Palu Urban Forest 2(radarsulteng.id)

Tsunami Education Park

Aceh Tsunami Educational Park 1(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com)

Aceh Tsunami Educational Park 3(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com)

Aceh Tsunami Educational
Park 2(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com)

It is the first tsunami educational park inIndonesia and covers the area of 4,500 m2.
There are tsunami simulation equipment,
photos after the tsunami, open theater,
playground (Yurnaldi, 2008).

Tsunami Museum

Aceh Tsunami Museum (dialeksis.com)

Aceh Tsunami Museum Interior (urbane.co.id)
The museum serves as a monument, an
educational center, and a memorial centerfor the 2004 tsunami. The entrance recreates
the ambience of terror faced by the tsunami
victims. The museum also serves as anescape hill for future tsunami events.

Aceh Tsunami Museum Entrance (urbane.co.id)

AwarenessCommunication–Human Information
Processing (C–HIP) model (Conzola &Wogalter, 2001)

Tsunami Education from Govt
(Rosdiyani, 2020)

Tsunami Education Using
Theater Play (Putra, 2019)

Tsunami Education Using Game
(Prima et al., 2020)

Tsunami Simulation(Sambah et al., 2017)

Awareness

Tsunami Education Park(bandaacehkotamadani.wordpres
s.com)

Tsunami Education on TV(youtube.com)

Tsunami Museum (dialeksis.com)

Fun Digital Learning

Awareness

Tsunami Preparedness Game
10,000+ installs (play.google.com)

Govt Video (youtube.com)

Govt Poster (bnpb.go.id)

Govt Guidelines (BNPB, 2012)

Tsunami Training and Simulations

Tsunami Education from Government (Rosdiyani, 2020)

Tsunami Simulation (Sambah et al.,2017)

Cultural approach
for inheritinga w a r e n e s sSmong, simeulue
One example of smong story
This is a story full of wisdom. In ancient times the seventh year
your grandfathers experienced it they tell this story in order tobecome a life experience. it was Friday, still including morning.
suddenly there was an earthquake. the people were so strongthat they could not stand up and after the sea had receded, andthe fish floundered on the beach, attracting people to collectthem. not long after, a large wave appeared from the middle ofthe ocean toward the land. people shout smong smong smong!
However, many people were unable to escape to the top of themountain.

◦ Only 3 out of 70.000
people died from the2004 Indian Ocean
tsunamihttps://theconversation.com/smong-cerita-lisan-simeulue-yangselamatkan-penduduk-dari-amukan-tsunami-terdahsyat-105388

Flores Tsunami Monument: Before the Tsunami

Babi Island Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

A Flores Village (travel.tribunnews.com)

Flores Map (lavalontourinfo.com)

Flores Island is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, agroup of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. The
population was 1,831,000 in the 2010 census and thelargest town is Maumere. The name Flores is thePortuguese word for "Flowers".

Flores Tsunami Monument: 1992 Tsunami

1992 Flores Tsunami Map(en.wikipedia.org)

After Tsunami (kumparan.com)

December 12, 1992
• 7.8 SR, 26.2 m tsunami• 2500 people died (Triyono et al., 2019) and more than 1,000 buildings weredestroyed and severely damaged (Nirarta, 2018)• Babi Island is said to be the epicenter of the earthquake. The tsunami caused amarine fault with a length of 100 meters and a depth of 10-20 meters (Wilibardus,
2020)• Babi Island was not inhabited and is now inhabited by 30 families.

Babi Island Now 1(deyuken-aimere.blogspot.com)

Babi Island Now 2(liputan6.com)

Flores Tsunami Monument: After the Tsunami

Babi Island in 2019 (Google Earth Pro)

Maumere Tsunami Monument in Flores(thevoiceofflores.com)

Built in a Maumere
city park, thismonument
symbolises how
the community has
strengthened itself
after the disaster(Rosary, 2016)

The Earthquake
and Tsunami drill
is delivered byutilizing local songfor tsunami drill
and awarenessrising

Maumere Tsunami Monument (Google Earth Pro)

Maumere Tsunami Monument at Night(mycameraphone.com)

TSUNAMI
AWARENESSSURVEYHazard Assessment
Is your area prone
to tsunami?

Yes

No

Have you everexperienced a tsunami?

Yes

Don't know

SchoolNeighbors
FamilyFriends
Internet News…
Printed…
Government…
Experience…
0

No

Majority of respondents
know whether they live intsunami-prone area or notfrom experience or historyof past tsunamis, followed bygovernment website andinternet news page.
20

40

60

Tsunami in Palu(channelnewsasia.com)

Some respondents experienced
tsunamis, in: 1996, 2004, 2006 (3), 2018

The danger and occurrence of tsunami
grab their ATTENTION to learn more
about tsunami

Aceh (T: 1, F: -, DK:-)
Medan (T: 1, F: -, DK:-)Samarinda (T: 2, F: -,DK: -)

Palembang (T: 1, F: 1,
DK: -)OKU Selatan; Riau (T: 2,
F: -, DK: -)Cilegon (T: 1, F: -, DK:-)
Cianjur (T: -, F: 1, DK:-)
Bekasi (T: 5, F: -, DK: )Bandung; Bogor;
Kota Sukabumi (T: 3,
F: -, DK: -)Pangandaran (T: 1, F:-, DK: -)Pontianak;
Banjarbaru;
Banjarmasin;
Palangkaraya; Kutai
Barat (T: 5, F: -, DK: -)Karanganyar,
Kendal, Klaten, Pati,
Semarang,
Surakarta, Tegal (T:9, F: -, DK: -)Banyumas (T: -, F: 1,
DK: -)
Banguntapan (T: 1, F:-, DK: -)Bantul (T: 1, F: 5, DK:-)
Kota Yogyakarta (T:10, F: 4 , DK: 3)

After receiving
information that grabs
their attention, do they
COMPREHEND its
message?

Bolaang
Mangondow Selatan(T: -, F: 1 , DK: -)Kab & Kota
Gorontalo (T: 4, F: - ,DK: 1)
Gowa (T: 2, F: -, DK: -)Sleman (T: 10, F: 1 ,DK: 2)

Timor Tengah Utara(T: 1, F: -, DK: -)Klaten (T: -, F: - , DK:
1)Kulonprogo (T: -, F: 1
, DK: -)

Ambon (T: 3, F: -, DK:-)
Buru (T: 2, F: -, DK: -)Surabaya (T: -, F: - ,DK: 1)

Ternate (T: -, F: 1, DK:-)
Biak Numfor (T: 1, F:-, DK: -)Do therespondents
actually know
about the dangerof tsunami intheir area?

DKI Jakarta (T: 2, F: , DK: 2)
Mataram (T: 1, F: -,DK: -)

Tsunami Map (BNPB, 2012)

Area dangerous (red) safe
(green) (True: -, False: -, Don’t
Know: -)

Signs of a tsunami coming
Flooding

SchoolNeighbors

Pyroclastic flows

There are still somemisunderstandings about tsunami
signs, especially mixed with eruption
signs. Some people don’t know othersigns of tsunami

FamilySmoke

Friends
Internet News…

Eruption

Printed…

Animals acting
strange and restless
Animals coming
down…
Dark clouds inthe mountain area
Thick and darkclouds…

Government…
Government…
Experience…
0

50

Received any
trainings abouttsunami signs?

Rumbling soundRise of river level
Receding river levels
Rising sea levels
Receding sea level
Earthquake
FALSE
0Comprehension

Informants Percentage

TRUE
50

100

Yes

No

100

a. Most only received training onceb. Most received training provided bygovernment organizations
c. Respondents started receiving trainings
since 2000 (mostly in 2012, 2019, and2020). Most feel their knowledge
increased (scale 3 out of 4) because they
now know tsunami signs

Actions after a tsunami warning

Informants Percentage

Comprehension

SchoolNeighbors

Call the police

FamilyFriends

There are still somemisunderstandings about what to doin a tsunamiInternet News…

Hide in a bunker

Printed…
Government…

Follow the tsunami
evacuation route

Government…
Experience…
0

Go to a high place

50

Received any trainings
about what to do in atsunami?

Go to an open
space
Hide under the
table

17

Protect their head77

Exit the building
FALSE
0

100

TRUE
50

100

Yes

No

a. Most only received training onceb. Most received training provided bygovernment organizations
c. Respondents started receiving
trainings since 2000 (mostly in 2012,2019 and 2020). Most feel theirknowledge greatly increased (scale 4
out of 4) because they now knowwhat to do in a tsunami

Actions to reduce tsunami risks
Informants Percentage

Reading thenewspaper

Comprehension

SchoolNeighbors
FamilyKnow where toevacuate
temporarily

There are still somemisunderstandings about what to do
to reduce tsunami risks, although notmuch

Friends
Internet News…

Download
smartphone
applications…

Printed…
Government…
Government…

Looking for
information abouttsunamis

Experience…
0

Prepare an
emergency survival
bag

50

Received any trainings
about reducing tsunami
risks?

Ensuring theevacuation route issafe

Knowing theevacuation route
Sign up for life
insurance

FALSE
0

100

TRUE
50

100

Yes

No

a. Most only received training onceb. Most received training provided bygovernment organizations
c. Respondents started receiving
trainings since 2000 (mostly from2019 and 2020). Most feel theirknowledge greatly increased (scale 4
out of 4) because they now knowwhat to do in a tsunami

Comprehension

Media for tsunami awarenesseducation
Arts (music, drama, dance,…
Tsunami educational park
Printed media
TV news, radio
Watching YouTube

SocialMedia

Government website
Social media
GuidebookGames
Evacuation drill simulation

Training
0

Evacuation Drill Simulation(padangkita.com)

20

40

60

80

Social media and evacuation drill simulation
are deemed the most effective media

Reference◦ Anggraeni, V. A. (2018). 10.000 Ditanam Sebagai Aksi Pencegahan Tsunami dan Manifestasi Rasa Syukur Terhadap Alam.
https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2018/10/22/10-000-ditanam-sebagai-aksi-pencegahan-tsunami-dan-manifestasi-rasa-syukur-terhadap-alam◦ Bangkit, N. (2011). Pelesir ke Nias Barat (3): Gerakkan Ekonomi Sirombu. https://travel.detik.com/dtravelers_stories/u-1660846/pelesir-ke-nias-barat-3-gerakkan-ekonomisirombu/4◦ Bonasir, R. (2014). Mengapa warga Aceh kembali tinggal di zona rawan tsunami? https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2014/12/141223_aceh_tsunami_zonasi◦ detikNews. (2004). Akibat Gempa-Tsunami, 33 Warga Pulau Nias Hilang. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-262413/akibat-gempa-tsunami-33-warga-pulau-nias-hilang◦ detikNews. (2005). SBY Resmikan Rumah Penampungan Anak Korban Tsunami. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-505708/sby-resmikan-rumah-penampungan-anak-korbantsunami◦ Ferdiansyah, F. (2018). 14 Tahun Berlalu, 45 Korban Tsunami Aceh Ditemukan. https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-01304608/index.html◦ Horspool, N., Pranantyo, I. R., Griffin, J., Latief, H., Natawidjaja, D., Kongko, W., Cipta, A., Bustamam, Anugrah, S. D., & Thio, H. K. (2013). A National
Tsunami Hazard Assessment for Indonesia. Commonwealth of Australia. http://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/gempa/pdf/PTHA_Report_Final_EN.pdf◦ Ibrahim. (2020). Tingkatkan Kesiapan Hadapi Tsunami di Masa Pandemi, BMKG Gelar IOWave20. https://www.bmkg.go.id/berita/?p=tingkatkankesiapan-hadapi-bencana-gempabumi-dan-tsunami-bmkg-gelar-iowave20&lang=ID&s=detil◦ Ika. (2020). UGM Develops Sophisticated Earthquake Detection Systems. https://www.ugm.ac.id/en/news/20129-ugm-develops-sophisticated-earthquake-detection-systems◦ Jannah, S. M. (2018). Bangun Jalan Trans Mentawai, Pemerintah akan Libatkan TNI. https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-4259396/bangun-jalantrans-mentawai-pemerintah-akan-libatkan-tni

Reference◦ Juraidi. (2020a). Alat peringatan dini gempa-tsunami dipasang di Deliserdang-Sumut. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/1565904/alat-peringatan-dini-gempa-tsunami-dipasang-dideliserdang-sumut◦ Juraidi. (2020b). BMKG Deli Serdang lakukan mikrozonasi gempa bumi di Belawan. https://sumut.antaranews.com/berita/311216/bmkg-deli-serdang-lakukan-mikrozonasi-gempa-bumi-dibelawan◦ Kementerian Desa Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi. (2018). Daftar 100 Desa Terbaik Tahun 2018. https://bulelengkab.go.id/assets/instansikab/60/bankdata/100-desa-terbaikdi-indonesia-71.pdf◦ Lin, M. M., & Henschke, R. (2018). Gempa, Tsunami dan Likuifaksi: Rangkaian Bencana di Palu yang Perlu Anda Ketahui. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia45832237◦ Media Indonesia. (2019). 27 Desember 2004: Tsunami Terjang Aceh, 7.000 Orang Tewas. https://today.line.me/id/v2/article/k3Zmzw◦ Muhari, A. (2016). 10 Tahun Tsunami Pangandaran, Tsunami Dahsyat Tanpa Isyarat Gempa.
https://sains.kompas.com/read/2016/07/18/07294931/10.tahun.tsunami.pangandaran.tsunami.dahsyat.tanpa.isyarat.gempa?page=all◦ Nirarta, R. (2018). Hari Ini Dalam Sejarah: Tsunami 36 Meter Terjang Flores Telan 2100 Nyawa. https://nusantaranews.co/hari-ini-dalam-sejarah-tsunami-36-meterterjang-flores-telan-2100-nyawa/◦ Pratama, A. N. (2018). 14 Tahun Tsunami Aceh, Ini 5 Fakta yang Perlu Diketahui. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/14241151/14-tahun-tsunami-aceh-ini5-fakta-yang-perlu-diketahui?page=all◦ Rahmadi, D. (2018). Kronologi Tsunami Banten Menurut BMKG. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kronologi-tsunami-banten-menurut-bmkg.html◦ Rosary, E. de. (2016). Pembangunan Monumen Tsunami Maumere Bisa Menjadi Tempat Interaksi Warga. https://www.cendananews.com/2016/12/pembagunanmonumen-tsunami-maumere-bisa-menjadi-tempat-interaksi-warga.html

Reference◦ Rosdiyani, T. (2020). Edukasi Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Meningkatkan Pemahaman Prosedur Penyelamatan Diri. ABDIKARYA: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 2(1), 1–7. http://ejournal.lppm-unbaja.ac.id/index.php/abdikarya/article/view/1066◦ Sandhi, R. (2019). Hutan Kota, Destinasi Baru yang Populer Pasca Bencana. https://radarsulteng.id/hutan-kota-destinasi-baru-yang-populer-pascabencana/◦ Sagurung, B. (2020). Tahun Depan, Pemda Mentawai Dapat Dana Pembangunan Jalan Trans Rp 700 Miliar.
https://www.mentawaikita.com/baca/3934/tahun-depan-pemda-mentawai-dapat-dana-pembangunan-jalan-trans-rp-700-miliar◦ Sahakian, V. (2020). A New Way to Identify a Rare Type of Earthquake in Time to Issue Lifesaving Tsunami Warnings. https://theconversation.com/a-newway-to-identify-a-rare-type-of-earthquake-in-time-to-issue-lifesaving-tsunami-warnings-123428◦ Saroji, Mahdi, S., & Srimulyani, E. (2016). Kajian Empiris Program Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana) Terhadap Ketangguhan Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Menghadapi Bencana Tsunami:
Studi Kasus di Dua Gampong Pesisir Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmu Kebencanaan (JIKA), 3(4), 142–148.
◦ Supartoyo, Surono, & Putranto, E. T. (2014). Katalog Gempabumi Merusak di Indonesia Tahun 1612 – 2014. Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi.
◦ Triyono, R., Prasetya, T., Daryono, Anugrah, S. D., Sudrajat, A., Setiyono, U., Gunawan, I., Priyobudi, Yatimantoro, T., Hidayanti, Anggraini, S., Rahayu, R. H.,
Yogaswara, D. S., Hawati, P., Apriani, M., Julius, A. M., Harvan, M., Simangunsong, G., & Kriswinarso, T. (2019). Katalog Tsunami Indonesia Tahun 416-2018.
https://cdn.bmkg.go.id/Web/Katalog-Tsunami-Indonesia-pertahun-416-2018.pdf◦ Wilibardus, D. (2020). Jejak Tsunami dan Serpihan Duka Warga Pulau Babi Sikka NTT. https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4332831/jejak-tsunamidan-serpihan-duka-warga-pulau-babi-sikka-ntt◦ Yanuarto, T. (2020). BNPB dan Pemkab Nias Selatan Simulasi Geladi Evakuasi Peringatan Dini Tsunami. https://bnpb.go.id/berita/bnpb-dan-pemkab-nias-selatan-simulasi-geladievakuasi-peringatan-dini-tsunami

Reference◦ Yordan, J., Pratiwi, S. I., Priyambodo, U., & Panji, A. (2017). Hilangnya Ombak Cantik di Pulau Nias Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami Aceh 2004.
https://kumparan.com/kumparansains/hilangnya-ombak-cantik-di-pulau-nias-pasca-gempa-dan-tsunami-aceh-2004/full◦ Yurnaldi. (2008). Diresmikan, Taman Edukasi Tsunami Pertama di Indonesia.
https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/04/30/14003785/diresmikan.taman.edukasi.tsunami.pertama.di.indonesia.

Thank you very much