➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯㻌ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌ᱱ㻌 㕷㻌 ፑ㻌,. ᗎㄽ㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ䛻Ⓨຠ䛧䛯ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛻䜘䜚䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷ᐙ᪘㛵㐃ἲつ䛿ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䛂័⩦䛃䛻䛺䜙䛖䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯㻝䚹ᚑ䛳䛶ぶ᪘䛚䜘䜃┦⥆ศ㔝䛻㛵䛩䜛ἲⓗ஦᱌䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛷䛿䛺䛟ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢ἲ※䛸䛧䚸᳜Ẹᆅᅜᐙ䛿᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾㛫䚸ᖖ䛻ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢ㄪᰝ䚸ゎ㔘䚸☜ᐃ䛧䛯䚹᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ẸἲᏛ⏺䛸ἲྐᏛ⏺䛾㛵ᚰ䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜䜢䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ほⅬ䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛛䛿౫↛䛸䛧䛶ᮍゎỴ䛾ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䚹୍౛䛸䛧䛶䚸㻝㻥㻤㻡ᖺ኱㡑Ẹᅜ䛷ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䛄ぶ᪘┦⥆䛻㛵䛩䜛ᪧ័⩦䛅䛾ἲ㝔⾜ᨻฎ㛗䛾ᗎᩥ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛜౫↛䛸䛧䛶⌧ᅾ䛾ἲၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹㻌
㻌᪥ᨻ᫬௦䛾ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛿ぶ᪘䚸┦⥆䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿ཎ๎ⓗ䛻᪥ᮏẸἲ䜢㐺⏝䛫䛪䚸䚸ᡃ䚻䛾័⩦䛻ᣐ䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸௒᪥䛷䜒䠷୰␎䠹ุ౛䛾ඛỴၥ㢟䛸䛺䜛䛸䛝䛻䛿䚸ᙜ↛ᙜᙜ᫬䛾័⩦䛻ᚑ䜟䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸Ẹἲ䛾ぶ᪘┦⥆⦅䛿㐣㐣ཤ䛾ᡃ䚻䛾័⩦䜢ᇶ♏䛸䛧䛶ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯㒊ศ䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸⌧⾜Ẹἲ䛾ぶᡃ䚻䛾ᪧ័⩦䜢ㄪ䜉䛶⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿኱䛔䛻ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚䚸㔜せ䛺䛣᪘┦⥆⦅䛾ṇ䛧䛔ゎ㔘䛸㐺⏝䛾䛯䜑䛻䜒ᡃ䛸䛻䜋䛛䛺䜙䛺䠷䛔䠹㻞䚹㻌㻌䛣䛾ᩥ❶䛷䛂័⩦䛃䛿ᐙ᪘㛵ಀุ౛䛸ᐙ᪘ἲ䛾ゎ㔘䛸㐺⏝䛾᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾㔜せᛶ䛜ᙉㄪ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䛾෉Ꮚ䛜᰿ᣐ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛㻝㻤✀㢮䛾ฟ඾୰䚸㻝㻢✀䛾ฟ඾䛜㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ௦䛛䜙㻝㻥㻟㻜ᖺ௦䛻䛛䛡䛶సᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖஦ᐇ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹஦ᐇୖ䚸᪥ᮏ᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾័⩦ㄪᰝ䛸័⩦䛾☜ᐃ䛜䚸௒᪥㡑ᅜ♫఍䛻䛒䜛Ẹ஦ୖᪧ័⩦䛾ෆᐜ䛾䜋䜌඲䛶䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䛸ゝ䛳䛶䜒㐣ゝ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䚹ゎᨺ௨ᚋ㡑ᅜ័⩦䛾෌ㄪᰝ䜎䛯䛿෌᳨ウ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹䛺䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛㻟䚹ゝ䛔᥮䛘䜜䜀䚸䛂ᡃ䚻㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻌 㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ䛻Ⓨຠ䛧䛯ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛿ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌䛂➨㻝㻝᮲䠖➨㻝᮲䝜ἲᚊ୰⬟ຊ䚸ぶ᪘ཬ┦⥆䝙㛵䝇䝹つᐃ䝝ᮅ㩭ே䝙அ䞀㐺⏝䝉䝇䚹ᮅ㩭ே䝙㛵䝇䝹๓㡯䝜஦㡯䝙௜䝔䝝័⩦䝙౫䝹䚹䛃㻌㻞㻌 ἲ㝔⾜ᨻฎ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻡䠅䛂ぶ᪘┦⥆䛻㛵䛩䜛ᪧ័⩦䛃䛄⿢ุ㈨ᩱ䛅䚸➨㻞㻥㞟䚸㻝䠄ᩥ୰ᙉㄪ䛿➹⪅䛻䜘䜛䠅䚹㻌㻟㻌 ゎᨺ௨ᚋ኱㡑Ẹᅜᨻᗓ䛜సᡂ䛧䛯័⩦ሗ࿌᭩䛻䛿஧✀㢮䛜䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䛔䛪䜜䜒ᐇ㝿䛻័⩦䛻㛵䛩䜛෌ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䛸⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䚹୍䛴䛿㻝㻥㻡㻤ᖺᅜ㐃஦ົ⥲㛗䛾㡑ᅜ䛾፧ጻ㛵ಀ㈨ᩱせㄳ䛻ᛂ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛷䛒䜛䚹䜒䛖୍䛴䜒䜎䛯እᅜ䛾せㄳ䛻䜘䛳䛶సᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䚸㻝㻥㻡㻤ᖺ㥔᪥௦⾲㒊䛷ᅾ᪥㡑ᅜே䛾┦⥆஦௳䜢ฎ⌮䛩

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489㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌䛾䛃័⩦䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⌧ᅾ䛾▱㆑Ỉ‽䛜᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾䛭䜜䛸䛒䜎䜚ኚ䜟䜙䛺䛔䛸ゝ䛘䜛㻠䚹䛭䜜䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸䛣䛾ㄯヰ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾័⩦䜢䛂ᡃ䚻䛾័⩦䛃䛸⾲⌧䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸䛣䛾ሙྜ䛾䛂ᪧ䛃䛸䛿ṇ☜䛻䛹䛾᫬㛫ᖏ䛾㐣ཤ䜢ᣦ䛩䛛䜒୙㏱᫂䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䛂័⩦䛃ㄒἲ䛻䛔䛛䛻䛧䛶୺యᛶ䛸᫬㛫ᛶ䜢྿䛝㎸䜑䜛䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹䜎䛪䚸䛭䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛺どゅ䛷䛒䜛䛂஦ᐇ䛸䛧䛶䛾័⩦䛃䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䛂▱㆑䛸䛧䛶䛾័⩦䛃䛾どゅ䛜ᚲせ䛰䜝䛖䚹᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦䛛䜙⌧ᅾ䛻䛔䛯䜛䛂័⩦䛃䜢ㄽ䛨䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸័⩦䛾ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ䚸どゅ䚸Ỵᐃ㐣⛬䚸ෆᐜ䚸௨㝆䛾㐃⥆䠋୙㐃⥆䚸ㄪᰝ䛜䛚䛛䜜䛶䛔䛯ᶒຊ㛵ಀ䛺䛹䚸័⩦䛸䛔䛖▱㆑ᙧᡂ䜢ศᯒ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛿㡑ᅜ䛾ᩥ໬ⓗ䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䛾ഃ㠃䛛䜙䜒㔜せ䛺஦᱌䛷䛒䜛䚹ゎᨺ௨㝆䛾㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛾Ṕྐ䛛䜙ぢ䜛䛸䚸Ẹἲไᐃ㐣⛬䛷୰ᚰⓗ䛺ไᐃཎ๎䛾୍䛴䛿ఏ⤫ᑛ㔜ㄽ䛷䛒䜚䚸㻝㻥㻢㻜㻙㻝㻥㻤㻜ᖺ௦䜢㏻䛨䛯ᐙ᪘ἲᨵṇ䛷䜒䛭䛖䛧䛯ఏ⤫ㄽ䛿↓ຊ໬䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯㻡䚹ఏ⤫ᑛ㔜ㄽ䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸䛭䛾௚䛾ἲศ㔝䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䚸ᐙ᪘ἲ䛿ᖖ䛻䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䚸䜎䛯୰ᚰⓗ䛻䚸㡑ᅜᅛ᭷䛾ᐙ᪘ఏ⤫䜢ἲ䛾ཎ⌮䛸䜏䛺䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ព࿡䛷䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛿㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛷䛿୍䛴䛾ἲဴᏛ䠄jurisprudence䠅䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䛾ሙྜ䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺Ṕྐⓗ᰿ᣐ䛻❧⬮䛧䛯䜒䛾䛺䛾䛛୙㏱᫂䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䜀䛧䜀䛭䜜䛿ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾ఏ⤫䛷䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䛜䚸ṇ☜䛺ㄽᣐ䜢䜋䛸䜣䛹ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛪䚸≉䛻᪥ᮏ᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䜋䜌ỿ㯲䛩䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸ୖ䛾㈨ᩱ䛷ぢ䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸㡑ᅜᐙ᪘䛾䛂ᪧ䛃័⩦䛿᳜Ẹᆅᙜ᫬䛾▱㆑䛻኱䛝䛟౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᐇ᝟䛷䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛸⌧ᅾ䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ㛫䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅ䛾ᙳ㡪䛸䛔䛖䛂ᬯ䛔ᇶ┙䛃䛜ᶓ䛯䜟䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䚹㡑ᅜ䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛿᳜Ẹᆅ䛾㑇⏘䜢ྰᐃ䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒㔜䛺䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䚸䛭䛾㑇⏘䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛾ᛶ᱁✲᫂䛿䚸㡑ᅜ䛾ᐙ᪘䛂ఏ⤫䛃䜈䛾Ṕྐⓗ┬ᐹ䛸ᩥ໬ⓗ䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛾䛻኱䛝䛺ព࿡䜢ᣢ䛴䚹㻌ἲྐᏛ⏺䛷䛿䚸୍⯡ⓗ䛻᳜Ẹᆅᮇᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䜢᪥ᮏ䛻䜘䜛ᮅ㩭䛾ᅛ᭷ఏ⤫䛾ṍ᭤䛸⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛝㻢䛯 䚹ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛾┦ḟ䛠ᨵṇ䜢㏻䛨䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛜᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛾⛣᳜䛸䛔䛖ὶ䜜䛾୰䛻䛒䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖ሙྜ䚸᳜Ẹᆅྠ໬ᨻ⟇䛜ᐙ᪘ἲ䛾኱䛝䛺⫼ᬒ䜢ᙧᡂ䛧䚸᪥ᮏᘧ䛻ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢᭤ゎ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ྰㄆ䛧䛜䛯䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⌮ゎ䛿ᴟ䜑䛶༢⣧䛰䛸⪃䛘䜛䚹ఱ䜘䜚䚸䛣䛾ṍ᭤ㄽ䛻䛿᪥ᮏ䛻䜘䛳䛶ṍ᭤䛥䜜䛺䛔㡑ᅜ䛾┿ṇ䛺䠄authentic䠅ఏ⤫䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䛜ෆᅾ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸᳜Ẹᆅ䛾㑇⏘䛾ඞ᭹䛿┿ṇ䛺䜛ఏ⤫䜢᚟ᪧ䛩䜛సᴗ䛻ᖐ╔䛩䜛䚹౛䛘䜀㒯⫯᳜ᩍᤵ䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾័⩦◊✲䛿䛂ኳⓚไᐙ᪘䜲䝕䜸䝻䜼䞊䛻ởᰁ䛥䜜䛺䛔ཎ≧ែ䛾ᡃ䚻䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛃䜢ᶍ⣴䛧䛂᳜Ẹᙜᒁ䛾ṍ᭤䛥䜜䛯ἲほ䜢ṇ䛧䚸㞃䛥䜜䛯័⩦䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䚸Ṕྐ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ἲ⏕ά䛾ఏ⤫䜢ᶞ❧䛧䜘䛖䛃䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ䜢ᣢ䛴䜒䛾䛰䛸㏙䜉䜛䚹䛒䜛䛔䛿䚸䛂᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾඲䛶䛾㈨ᩱ䜢᪥ᮏ䛾᳜Ẹᙜᒁ䛾ᨻ⟇䛸㛵㐃䛧䛶ᢈุⓗ䛺⪃ᐹ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌䜛䛯䜑㡑ᅜ⌧⾜ἲ䛾┦⥆ἲ㛵ಀ㈨ᩱ䜢せㄳ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ሗ࿌᭩䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䛯䜑᪂䛧䛔័⩦ㄪᰝ䛿䛺䛟䚸䜐䛧䜝᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛜෌ᗘ䛂㡑ᅜ䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛧䛶☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛿䚸ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛻☜❧䛥䜜䛯័⩦䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᪧẸἲ䚸䛭䛧䛶㻝㻥㻢㻜ᖺ㻝᭶㻝᪥䛛䜙᪋⾜䛥䜜䛯㡑ᅜẸἲ䜢䛂័⩦䛃㈨ᩱ䛸䛧䛶సᡂ䛥䜜䛯䠷㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅䛄㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ◊✲㻝䛅䝋䜴䝹኱Ꮫᰯฟ∧㒊䚸㻞㻡㻤㻙㻞㻣㻝㡫䠹䚹㻌㻠㻌 㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅๓ᥖ᭩䚸㻢㻠㻙㻢㻤㡫䚹㻌㻡㻌 ዪᛶᖹ཭఍䠄㻝㻥㻤㻟䠅䛄ᐙ᪘ἲ䛿䛺䛬ᨵṇ䛥䜜䜛䜉䛝䛛䛅ᮍห⾜ㄽᩥ㞟㻧㻌 ᮤඟᴿ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻞䠅䛄ᐙ᪘ἲᨵṇ㐠ື㻟㻣ᖺྐ䛅ᐙᗞἲᚊ┦ㄯᡤฟ∧㒊䚹㻌㻢㻌 ᮤ୤὚䠄㻝㻥㻣㻣䠅䛂ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧䛻㛵䛧䛶䇷➨㻝㻝᮲䛾័⩦䜢୰ᚰ䛻䛃䛄ἲྐᏛ◊✲䛅㻠㻧㻌 ᮤ┦᪫䠄㻝㻥㻤㻤䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗᡞ୺
┦⥆័⩦ἲ䛾ᐃ❧䛃䛄ἲྐᏛ◊✲䛅㻥㻧㻌 ᮔ⛃⃾䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗ䛾ᐙ᪘ᨻ⟇䛸័⩦ἲᙧᡂ㐣⛬䛃䛄ἲᏛ䛅㻟㻟㻙㻞䚹㻌490㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

䜢䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛃䛸㏙䜉䜛䛜㻣䚸ၥ㢟䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䛂ᢈุⓗ䛃ጼໃ䜢ᣢ䛴䛾䛛䛷䛒䜛䚹༢⣧䛻ゝ䛳䛶䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛻㉳䛝䛯ኚ໬䛜䛚䜘䛭័⩦䛾ṍ᭤䛷䛒䜛䛸䛩䜛䛺䜙䜀䚸ゎᨺ௨㝆䛻䛂┿ṇ䛺䜛䛃ఏ⤫䜢ồ䜑䛥䛘䛩䜜䜀ゎỴ䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛺䛾䛛䚹㻌≉䛻ᮏ◊✲䛷ᢅ䜟䜜䜛ᐙ᪘䛾䜘䛖䛺ศ㔝䛿䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ఏ⤫䛸័⩦䛜ᙉㄪ䛥䜜䛯ᩥ໬㡿ᇦ䛷䛒䜚䚸䝉䜽䝅䝳䜰䝸䝔䜱䛜⾲ฟ䛥䜜䚸Ꮚዪ䜢㣴⫱䛩䜛䛔䜟䜀⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶᳜Ẹᆅ௨๓䛻䛩䛷䛻Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛝䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛸䛭䛾䜲䝕䜸䝻䜼䞊䛾័ᛶ䛾ຊ䛜㠀ᖖ䛻኱䛝䛔䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䚹䛭䛖䛛䛸ᛮ䛖䛸䚸ヱᙜ័⩦䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䛺䛹䛾⌮⏤䛷䚸᪥ᮏ䛿ヱᙜ䛩䜛Ẹἲ䜢ᮅ㩭䛻೉⏝䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䛾䛷䚸ḟ➨䛻᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛜㐺⏝䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺≧ἣ䛾୰䛷ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘䛿䛂័⩦䛃䛸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾䛂㏆௦䛃䛾ᙳ㡪䛜ΰᅾ䛩䜛」㞧䛺ἲ䛸ᩥ໬䛾✵㛫䛸䛧䛶෌ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌ᡞ ୺ ไ ᗘ 䛾 䜿 䞊 䝇 䛜 䜘 䛟 ⾲ 䛧 䛶 䛔 䜛 䜘 䛖 䛻 䚸 ᜥ Ꮚ䛻 䜘 䛳 䛶 ୍ ᐙ䛾 ⣔ ⤫ 䛜 ⥅ ᢎ䛥 䜜 䜛 ∗ ⣔ ⥅ ᢎ䠄patri-lineage䠅䚸ዪᛶ䛜⤖፧ᚋኵ䛾ᐙ䛻⦅ධ䛥䜜䜛ኵጔไ⤖፧ไᗘ䠄patrilocal marriage䠅䚸䛒䜛ᐙᗞ䛾௦⾲⪅䜢⏨ᛶ䛸䛩䜛⏨ᛶᐙ∗㛗ไ䠄patriarch䠅䛸䛔䛖㍈䜢ᣢ䛴ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䛿㻤䚸୍᪉䛷䛿ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛾ྡ䛾ୗ䛻䚸䜒䛖୍᪉䛷䛿᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛸᳜Ẹᆅᅜᐙ䛾ᨭ㓄䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ṇᙜ໬䛥䜜䛯䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅ⿕ᨭ㓄௨㝆䜒䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ไᗘ䛿ᮅ㩭䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䜏䛺䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾ᗫṆ䛿኱䛝䛺᢬ᢠ䛻㐼䛖䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹㻌⤖ᒁ㻞㻜㻜㻡ᖺ㻞᭶᠇ἲ⿢ุᡤ䛿ᡞ୺ไᗘ䜈䛾㐪᠇Ỵᐃ䜢ୗ䛧䚸䛭䛾ᖺ㻟᭶䛻ᅜ఍䛿ᡞ୺ไᗘ䜢๐㝖䛧䛯Ẹἲ᱌䜢㆟Ỵ䛧䚸㻞㻜㻜㻤ᖺ㻝᭶䛛䜙ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛜ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯Ẹἲ䛜Ⓨຠ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻㛗䛔ṓ᭶䛾㛫ᣢ⥆䛧䛯㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛾ῡ※䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛸㛵㐃ᨻ⟇䜢㏻䛨䛶㏣㊧䛷䛝䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛻ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯ᐙ᪘ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ἲᏛⓗ䚸♫఍Ꮫⓗ䚸ዪᛶᏛⓗ┬ᐹ䜢⾜䛚䛖䛸䛩䜛䛾䛜䚸ᮏ◊✲䛾┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾⣧⢋䛺ఏ⤫䛾㏣ồどゅ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䚸ᢈุ䛧䜘䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䚹䛣䛾どゅ䛿䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛻ෆᅾ䛩䜛㝵ᒙ㛫䚸ᛶู㛫ᶒຊၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䛭䛧䛶ᅜᐙ䛾ᨭ㓄㛵ᚰ䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟䜢ぢ㐣䛤䛧䛶䛔䛶䚸⌧ᅾ䛾♫఍䛸䛾ᑐᛂ䛸䛔䛖ၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䜋䜌↓㛵ᚰ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᮏ✏䛷ぢ䜛䜘䛖䛻᳜Ẹᆅᅜᐙ䛜ᐙ᪘ἲつ䛻୚䛘䛯ᙳ㡪䛿䚸ṍ᭤䜢䛿䜛䛛䛻㉺䛘䛯ෆᐦ䛺⏕⏘䇷య⣔໬䚸ศ㢮䚸࿧ྡ䛺䛹䇷䛸ゝ䛖ሙྜ䚸䛭䜜䜢═䜑䜛䛯䜑䛾⌮ㄽⓗどゅ䛸䛧䛶ṍ᭤ㄽ䛷䛿୙㊊䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌ϩ.⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒ䛣䛾⠇䛷䛿䚸ᮏ✏䛾⌮ㄽⓗどゅ䛸䛺䜛ἲே㢮Ꮫ䚸ᩥ໬◊✲䚸♫఍⌮ㄽศ㔝䛺䛹䛷ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䛯䛂ఏ⤫䛃࣏ࢫࢺࢥࣟࢽ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒

࣏ࢫࢺࢥࣟࢽ࢔ࣝ

䛸ゝㄝศᯒ䚸⬺᳜Ẹ୺⩏䠄postcolonialism䠅䛚䜘䜃 ⬺ ᳜ Ẹ 䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䠄postcolonial feminism䠅䛻㛵䛧䛶ᴫほ䛧䛶䜏䜘䛖䚹㻌

㸯.ἲே㢮Ꮫ࡜ఏ⤫ࡢᵓᡂㄽ᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾័⩦䛚䜘䜃័⩦ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾Ꮫၥⓗႏ㉳䛿䚸୺䛻䜰䝣䝸䜹♫఍䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ἲே㢮Ꮫ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻣㻌 㒯⫯᳜⦅ヂ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛄ᅜヂ㻌 ័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䛅㡑ᅜἲไ◊✲㝔䚸㻟㻣䚹㻌㻌 ᮏ✏䛷ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䛿∗⣔⥅ᢎไᗘ䚸ኵጔไ⤖፧ไᗘ䚸⊃䛔ព࿡䛾ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䜢ໟᣓ䛩䜛䚸ᗈ䛔ព࿡䛷౑⏝
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᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌◊✲䛻䜘䛳䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯㻥䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺◊✲䛷ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯䛂័⩦ἲ䛃䛸䛿䚸୍⯡䛻⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛័⩦ἲ䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䚸䛩䛺䜟䛱䛒䜛⛬ᗘ⤫ྜ䛥䜜䚸Ᏻᐃ䛧䛯ᩥ໬䜢䜒䛴ఏ⤫♫఍䛾つ⠊䛸䛿䛛䛺䜚␗䛺䜛እほ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹᳜Ẹᆅ♫఍䛾័⩦ἲ䛸䛿䚸䛧䜀䛧䜀⪃䛘䜛䜘䛖䛻すḢ䛾㏆௦ἲ䛸஧ศἲⓗ䛻ᑐẚ䛥䜜䜛䛂๓㏆௦ⓗ䛃ἲ䛾ಖᏑᆅᖏ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸᳜Ẹᆅ⌧ᅾ䛚䜘䜃㐣ཤ䛾ἲ䚸つ⠊䚸ᐇ㝿⾜ື䛜┦஫䛻ฟ఍䛔䚸ᅵ╔ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛻᪋⾜䛥䜜䛯ⓑே䛯䛱䛾ἲつ⠊䛜ΰ䛬ྜ䜟䛥䜜䛶స䜙䜜䛯➨୕䛾⏘≀䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸ఏ⤫䛸ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᩥ໬ⓗつᐃ䜢䜑䛠䜛᳜Ẹໃຊ䛸ᅵ╔ໃຊ㛫䚸䛺䛔䛧ᅵ╔ໃຊྠኈ䛾㛫䛾ᶒຊ㛵ಀ䛾⤖ᯝ≀䛷䛒䜛㻝㻜䚹ఱ䜘䜚䜒័⩦ἲ䛻䛚䛔䛶᭱䜒㞴䛧䛔ၥ㢟䛿䚸䛂㐣ཤ䛃䜢⌧ᅾ䛻ᘬ䛝ᐤ䛫䛶⌧ᅾ䜢ุ᩿䛩䜛ᇶ‽䛸䛩䜛䛸䛣䜝䛻䛒䜛㻝㻝䚹᳜Ẹᆅ௨๓䛾♫఍ⓗ㛵ಀ䛾ᐇ㉁ⓗ䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䛿䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯䛾䛻䚸䛭䛾䛂㐣ཤ䛃䛜⌧ᅾ䛾᳜Ẹᆅ♫఍䛷ἲⓗຠᯝ䜢Ⓨ᥹䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿䚸䛹䜣䛺䛣䛸䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䛾䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹㻌
䝺䞁䝆䝱䞊䠄T. Ranger䠅䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅ䜰䝣䝸䜹䛾ఏ⤫䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ே㢮Ꮫ◊✲䜢㏻䛨䛶䚸䛣䛖䛧䛯ၥ䛔䜢᥈ồ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻝㻞䚹䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ே䛿䜰䝣䝸䜹䛾័⩦䜢ᑛ㔜䛩䜛䛸⮬ศ䛷䛿ಙ䛨䛺䛜䜙䚸䛭䜜䜢䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ே⮬㌟
䛾㌟ศ⛛ᗎ䛸ศ㞳䛧ᑐẚ䛥䛫䛯䚹ၥ㢟䛿䛣䛾୰䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ᩥ໬◳┤䛷䛒䜛䚹ⓑே䛾㢌䛾୰䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜰䝣䝸䜹䛿䚸᰿ᮏⓗ䛻ಖᏲⓗ䛺♫఍䛰䛳䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿䚸ኚ䜟䜙䛺䛔ྂ䛔つᚊ䛸⌮ᛕ䛸఩㝵⛛ᗎ䛾୰䛷⏕䛝䛶䛔䛟♫఍䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺䜲䝯䞊䝆䛿᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄௨๓䛾䜰䝣䝸䜹◊✲䛻ぢ䜙䜜䜛䜰䝣䝸䜹䛸䛿኱䛔䛻␗䛺䜛䜒䛾䛰䚹䛭䛖䛧䛯◊✲䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸䜰䝣䝸䜹䛾័⩦䛿䜖䜛䜔䛛䛻つᐃ䛥䜜䛯㢮⦕䛧䛯య⣔䛷䚸㛢㙐䛥䜜䛯ྜពయ⣔䛷䛿඲䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹ᚑ䛳䛶䚸᳜Ẹᆅ⌧ᅾ䛾䛂ఏ⤫ⓗ䛃䜰䝣䝸䜹䛸䛿䚸䜋䜌ⓑே䛾㢌䛾୰䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛂ⓑே䛾䜰䝣䝸䜹䛃䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛰䚹䛭䜜䛷䝺䞁䝆䝱䞊䛿䛂័⩦ἲ䚸័⩦ⓗᅵᆅᶒ䚸័⩦ⓗᨻ἞ᵓ㐀䛺䛹䛸୍⯡䛻࿧䜀䜜䜛䜒䛾䛜䚸ᐇ䛿඲䛶᳜Ẹᆅἲไ໬䠄codification䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶⪃᱌䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛰䛃䛸ㄽ䛨䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺◊✲䛿䚸䜘䜚୍⯡ⓗ䛺䛂ఏ⤫䛾⪃᱌䛃䛾㆟ㄽ䛸䛸䜒䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯䚹䜶䝸䝑䜽䞉䝩䝤䝈䝪䞊䝮䠄E.
Hobsbawm䠅䛿䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟♫఍䛾㏆௦໬㐣⛬䛜䛂ఏ⤫ⓗ䛺䛃♫఍つ⣙䜢බᘧ໬䛧䚸൤♩໬䛩䜛䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛾⪃᱌䜢క䛳䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢ᙉㄪ䛩䜛䚹ᡃ䚻䛜▱䜛䝪䞊䜲䝇䜹䜴䝖䚸䝘䝏䝈䝮䛾ྛ✀䛾㇟ᚩ䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䛾ᅜḷ䛒䜛䛔䛿ᅜ᪝䛺䛹䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䛾䛂ᅛ᭷䛃ᩥ໬䛿䚸඲䛶᪩䛟䛶䜒㻝㻤ୡ⣖䛾⏘≀䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛰㻝㻟䚹䝩䝤䝈䝪䞊䝮䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ᅜẸᅜᐙ䛾ᡂ❧䛸Ẹ᪘୺⩏䠄nationalism䠅䛾ྎ㢌䛸䛔䛖䛂㏆௦ⓗ䛃♫఍ኚ໬䛜䚸ᐇ䛿ఏ⤫䛸䛔䛖䛂㠀㏆௦ⓗ䛃ᩥ໬ⓗ㈨※䜢ືဨ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢ㄝ䛝᫂䛛䛩䚹ᚑ䛳䛶䚸ఏ⤫䛾⪃᱌ㄽ䛿᪂䛧䛥䚸㐣ཤ䛸䛾᩿⤯䚸⤫ྜᛶ䛺䛹䛸≉ᚩ䛵䛡䜙䜜䜛すḢ䛾䛂㏆௦ᛶ䛃䛾㏫ㄝ䜢ᥥ䛝ฟ䛩సᴗ䛷䛒䜛䛸䜒ゝ䛘䜛䚹⯆࿡῝䛔䛣䛸䛻䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛮ⪃䛿䚸䝋䝅䝳䞊䝹䜙䛾ゝㄒဴᏛ䛻❧⬮䛧䛶♫఍⌧ᐇ䠄social reality䠅㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻥㻌 Moore, Falk. 1989 “History and the Redefinition of Custom on Kilimanjaro”, History and Power in the Study of
Law New Directions in Legal Anthropology, June Starr and Jane F (eds.). Cornell University Press: Collier.
Ithaca; Fitzpatrick, Peter. 1980 “Law, Modernization, and Mystification,” Research in Law and Sociology, 3;
Snyder, Francis G. 1982 “Colonialism and Legal Form: The Creation of ‘Customary Law’ in Senegal,” Crime,
Justice and Underdevelopment, Colin Sumner (ed.), Heinemann: London㻌㻝㻜㻌 Roberts, Simon. 1984 “Introduction: Some Notes on ‘African Customary Law’,” Journal of African Law, 28㻌㻝㻝㻌 Moore, 1989 op.cit.㻌
㻝㻞㻌 Ranger, Terence. 1983 “The Inverntion of Tradition in Colonial Africa,” The Invention of Tradition, Eric
Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger(eds.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ≉䛻250䚹㻌
㻝㻟㻌 Hobsbawm, Eric. 1983 “Introduction: Inventing Traditions,” The Invention of Tradition, Eric Hobsbawm andTerence Ranger (eds.), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2-10㻌492㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

䛾ゝㄒⓗᵓᡂ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾㆟ㄽ䛜┒䜣䛻⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛯㻝㻥㻢㻜䡚㻣㻜ᖺ௦䛻ᡂ⇍䛧䛯䚹ゝㄒ䛜♫఍⌧ᐇ䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎෌⌧䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䚸ゝㄒ䛾⛛ᗎ䛾୰䛷䛾䜏♫఍⌧ᐇ䛜ᵓᡂ䛥䜜ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖ゝㄝ⌮ㄽ䛿䚸♫఍⛉Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿୍኱䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䛾㠉᪂䛾䜘䛖䛺㌿ᶵ䜢స䛳䛯䚹䝩䝤䝈䝪䞊䝮䛾ఏ⤫ㄽ䛿䚸ఏ⤫䜢஦≀䛾䜘䛖䛻ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛖䛂䛒䜛䛜䜎䜎䛃䛾ఏ⤫䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ఏ⤫䜢䛭䜜䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾▱㆑ᵓᡂ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖どゅ䛛䜙
ぢ䜛Ⅼ䛷䚸ゝㄝⓗ䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䛾୰䛻䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜘䛖䚹䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸㐣ཤ䛜⌧ᅾ䜢⏘䜐䛸䛔䛖ᅉᯝ䝰䝕䝹䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸⌧ᅾ䛾୰䛷෌⏕⏘䛥䜜䜛㐣ཤၥ㢟䜢ྍど໬䛥䛫䛶䛟䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷⣔㆕ᏛⓗṔྐ◊✲䛾౛䜢♧䛩䚹㻌䛧䛛䛧䚸䝺䞁䝆䝱䞊䛾◊✲䛾䜘䛖䛺䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹♫఍䛾័⩦ㄽ䛿䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟♫఍䛾ఏ⤫ㄽ䜘䜚䛔䛳䛭䛖」ྜⓗ䛺ᩥ⬦䜢ᢅ䛖䜉䛝ㄢ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘䛶䛔䜛䚹䝩䝤䝈䝪䞊䝮䜙䛜୺䛻すḢ䛾㏆௦ᛶ䛜ఏ⤫䜢⪃᱌䛩䜛᪉ἲ䚸䛩䛺䜟䛱⌧ᅾ䛜㐣ཤ䛾ᩥ໬ⓗグྕ䜢⏕⏘䛧䚸䛭䜜䛻౫Ꮡ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛻㛵ᚰ䜢ᣢ䛳䛯䛸䛩䜛䛸䚸䝫䝇䝖 䝁 䝻 䝙 䜰 䝹 ័ ⩦ ◊ ✲ 䛿 䛣 䛾 䜘 䛖 䛺 ᫬ 㛫 ᛶ 䠄 temporality 䠅 䛻 ຍ 䛘 䛶 䚸 す Ḣ 䛸 㠀 す Ḣ 䛸 䛔 䛖 ✵ 㛫 ᛶ䠄spatiality䠅䛾ḟඖ䜢ྠ᫬䛻ᢅ䜟䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾䛣䛸䛿䚸㠀すḢ♫఍䛾䛂㏆௦䛃䛸䛿䚸㐍໬ㄽⓗ⮬ᕫᒎ㛤䛾ᖐ⤖䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸すḢ䛸䛔䛖␗ᩥ᫂䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛵䛟䜚䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯㻝㻠䚹䛥䜙䛻㠀すḢ䛸すḢ䛾↷ᛂ䛸䛿䚸ᖇᅜ୺⩏ᶒຊ䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䛾୰䛷ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷䚸ⓑே䛾௓ධ䜢㏻䛨
䛯᳜Ẹᆅ♫఍䛾䛂ᅵ╔䛃័⩦䛾ᐃ╔䛿䚸䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺ᒙ఩䜢䜒䛴ၥ㢟䛾ᆅᙧ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾䛣䛸䛿ᖇᅜ୺⩏䛜᳜Ẹ♫఍䜢つᐃ䛩䜛ど⥺䛾୰䛷ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸䛣䛾ど⥺䛿⿕᳜Ẹᆅே䜙䛜⮬䜙䜢ᫎ䛩ᩥ໬ⓗ䛺㙾䛸䛧䛶ᅛᐃ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄䛛䜙⬺༷䛧䛯♫఍䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛻ᐃ䜎䛳䛯័⩦䛿෌䜃䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛾ྡ䛷ᨻ἞ᣦᑟ⪅䛾ᨭ㓄䛾ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛥䜜䛯䛾䛰䛳䛯㻝㻡䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ၥ㢟䛿ఏ⤫䛷䛒䜛䛸ᅛ䛟ಙ䛨䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿䛭䛾䜘䛖䛻ಙ䛨䛯䛔ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䜘䜚㡹ᙉ䛻⏕䛨䛯䚹䛭䜜䛷䛿䚸᳜Ẹ௨ᚋ䛾♫఍䛜䛂᳜Ẹᆅⓗఏ⤫䛃䜢ඞ᭹䛩䜛ᡭẁ䛿䛹䜣䛺䜒䛾䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹䛣䛾ၥ㢟ព㆑䛾➃⥴䜢䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䛻ồ䜑䛶䜏䜘䛖䚹㻌

㸰.࣏ࢫࢺࢥࣟࢽ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒࡜࣏ࢫࢺࢥࣟࢽ࢔࣭ࣝࣇ࢙࣑ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢၥ㢟ព㆑䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮◊✲䛾㔜せᛶ䛿䚸ఱ䜘䜚䜒඲ୡ⏺䛾ேཱྀ䛾ᅄศ䛾୕䛜య㦂䛧䚸౫↛ඞ᭹䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔Ṕྐ䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹䛭䜜䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸♫఍⛉Ꮫ䛾ᨭ㓄ⓗ䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䛷䛒䜛㏆௦໬ㄽ䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛾Ṕྐ䛿≉Ṧ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛛ᯞⴥᮎ⠇䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶ฎ⌮䛥䜜䜛䚹᳜Ẹ௨ᚋ䛾♫఍䛷㐍䜑䜙䜜䛯᳜Ẹ୺⩏◊✲䛥䛘䚸すḢ䛾ேᮏ୺⩏ⓗၨⵚ୺⩏䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䜢䜋䜌⬺༷䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔㻝㻢䚹ㄡ䛾┠䛷᳜Ẹᆅ㠀すḢ㏆௦䜢ぢ䜛䛾䛛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦◊✲䜢㉺䛘䛶᪂䛧䛔♫఍䞉Ṕྐ䞉ேᩥᏛ䛾䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䛸䛧䛶⮬䜙䜢఩⨨䛵䛡䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䚹㻌᳜Ẹ୺⩏◊✲䛾ඛ㥑⪅䛻ᙜ䛯䜛䝣䝷䞁䝒䞉䝣䜯䝜䞁䠄F. Fanon䠅䜔䜰䝹䝞䞊䝖䞉䝯䝭䠄A. Memmi䠅䛻䜘䜛䛸䚸㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻠㻌 Dirlik, Arif. 1987 “Culturalism as Hegemonic Ideology and Liberating Practices,” Cultural Critiques, Spring.㻌
㻌 Chanock, Martin. 1982 “Making Customary law: Men, Women, and Courts in Colonial Northern Rhodesia,” inAfrican Women and the Law: Historical Perspectives, Margaret Jean Hay & Marcia Wright (eds.). Boston
University Press: Boston; Moore, 1989 op.cit.㻌
㻝㻢㻌 Chatterjee, Partha. 1989 “The Nationalist Resolution of the Women Question,” Recasting Women -Essay in Indian
Colonial History, Kumkum Sangari & Sudesh Veid(eds.). Kali for Women. Delhi; Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 1994
“Postcoloniality and Artifice of History: Who Speaks for ‘Indian’ ast?,” The New Historicism Reader, H. Aram
Veeser, (ed.), Routledge: New York㻌
㻝㻡

493㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛸䛿༢䛻᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄୺య䛜⿕ᨭ㓄ᐈయ䜢⤒῭ⓗ䛻ᦢྲྀ䛧ᨻ἞ⓗ䛻ᢚᅽ䛧䛯㐣⛬䛻䛸䛹䜎䜙䛺䛔䚹䛭䜜䛿⿕ᨭ㓄♫఍䛾▱㆑⏕⏘䚸㇟ᚩ䚸⚄ヰ䛻䜎䛷௓ධ䛧䚸ᩥ໬ⓗ䛷⢭⚄ⓗ䛺㐣⛬䛰䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛㻝㻣䚹䝣䜯䝜䞁䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ㄝ䛝᫂䛛䛧䛯䚹䛂᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛿௚⪅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛య⣔ⓗ䛺ྰᐃ䛷䛒䜚䚸௚⪅䛻䛔䛛䛺䜛ே㛫ⓗ䛺ᒓᛶ䜒チᐜ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸䛭䜜䛿⿕ᨭ㓄Ẹ᪘䛻ᖖ䛻䛄ᮏᙜ䛿⚾䛿ㄡ䛺䛾䛛䛅䛸䛔䛖ၥ䛔䜢⧞䜚㏉䛥䛫䜛㻝㻤䛃䚹䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮⌮ㄽ䛻↷䜙䛧䛶┬ᐹ䛩䜛ሙྜ䚸᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛾ඞ᭹䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿ఱ䜘䜚䜒᳜Ẹᆅᛶ䠄coloniality䠅䛸㐜䜜䛯䝫䝇䝖᳜Ẹᆅᛶ䠄postcoloniality䠅䜢ㄆ㆑䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䜜䛜䛹䜣䛺ᛶ᱁䛷䚸䛹䛖ാ䛟䛾䛛䛜䜟䛛䜙䛺䛡䜜䜀䚸䛭䛣䛛䜙⬺༷䛷䛝䛺䛔䛰䜝䛖䚹㻌䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䛾ᢈุⓗᵓᡂဨ䛷䛒䜛䚹୍᪉䛷䛿䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䛾⏨ᛶ୰ᚰᛶ䜢ᢈุ䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸䜒䛖୍᪉䛷䛿すḢ୰ᚰ䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢᭩䛝┤䛭䛖䛸䛩䜛䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䛾䜘䜚⌧ᐇⓗ䛺䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛾䜘䜚Ṕྐ໬䛥䜜䛯⌮ㄽ䜢┠ᣦ䛩䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛ⴭ⪅䜙䛾◊✲ഴྥ䛜ᚲ䛪䛧䜒ྠ䛨䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ㄡ䜎䛷䜢䛭䛖࿧䜆䜉䛝䛛䜒䛿䛳䛝䜚䛧䛺䛔䛸䛣䜝䛻䚸ṇ☜䛺ቃ⏺䜢ᘬ䛟䛾䛿㞴䛧䛔䚹ᇶ♏ⓗ⌮ゎ䛾䛯䜑䛭䛾ព࿡䛾ศᒱ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䜏䜘䛖䚹㻌➨୍䛻䚸䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿᪤ᡂ䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢⬺᳜Ẹ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖᪉ྥᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䚹䛣䛾᪉ྥ䛿䛔䜟䜖䜛䝣䝷䞁䝇䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜈䛾ᢈุⓗゎㄞ䜢⾜䛳䛯䝇䝢䞂䜯䜽䛾◊✲䚸䜎䛯ᗈ䛔ព࿡䛾➨୕ୡ⏺䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䠄The third world feminism䠅⣔ิ䛛䜙ฟ䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䜜䜙䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛜➨୍ୡ⏺ዪᛶ䛾䚸୰⏘ᒙ䛾⤒㦂䛻❧⬮䛧䛶ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䚸䛭䛾≀ᕪ䛧䛷➨୕ୡ⏺䛾ጜጒ䛯䛱䜢⿢᩿䛧䛶䛝䛯䛸ᢈุ䛩䜛䚹䛭䜜䜙䛿➨୍ୡ⏺䛾ጜጒ䛯䛱䛜㥑౑䛧䛯ᶒ฼䚸ᖹ➼䚸ಶேᛶ䛾ゝㄝ䛷௚䛾ே✀䛸➨୕ୡ⏺䛾ዪᛶ䛯䛱䛾ᆅ఩䜢ୖ᪼䛥䛫䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛ሙྜ⏕䛨䜛ၥ㢟Ⅼ䜢ᢈุ䛩䜛䚹䝇䝢䞂䜯䜽䛜䛂ᅜ㝿ⓗᯟ⤌䜏䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䝷䞁䝇䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛃䛷䝆䝳䝸䜰䞉䜽䝸䝇䝔䞂䜯䠄Julia Kristeva䠅䛾䛄୰ᅜ䛾ዪ䛯䛱䛅䜢ᢈุ䛧䛯䛾䛿䚸䛭䛾௦⾲ⓗ䛺ᢈホ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛䠄Spivak, 1988䠅䚹䜽䝸䝇䝔䞂䜯䛜୰ᅜゼၥᚋ䛻᭩䛔䛯ㄽᩥ䛷䛿䚸஦≀䛾⛛ᗎ䛸㇟ᚩ⛛ᗎ㛫䛾᫂☜䛺༊ศ䛜䛺䛟↓ព㆑䛾⾪ື䛜ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛺୰ᅜᩥᏐ䛿䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻๓䜶䝕䜱䝥䝇ẁ㝵䛾ẕᛶ䛾ẁ㝵䜢♧䛩䛸୺ᙇ䛧䛯䚹䝇䝢䞂䜯䜽䛿➨୍ୡ⏺ዪᛶ䛻䜘䜛➨୕ୡ⏺䛾⌧ᐇ䛾䛂෌⌧䛃䜢ၥ㢟䛸䛧䚸᪤Ꮡ䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛾ゎయ䛸᪂䛧䛔ᢈホ䜢㏣ồ䛧䛯䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸すḢ୰⏘ᒙ䛾❧ሙ䛻❧⬮䛧䛯୺ὶ䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿䚸➨୍ୡ⏺䛸➨୕ୡ⏺ዪᛶ㛫䛾ศᴗ䛸ᦢྲྀၥ㢟䜢ぢ㐣䛤䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷䜒ᢈุ䛜ᣑ኱䛧䛯䠄Mies,
1982䠅䚹䛣䛾䜋䛛䚸ᛶ኎㈙䚸⌧ᆅጔ䛾䜘䛖䛻➨୍ୡ⏺⏨ᛶ䜢፹௓䛸䛧䛶➨୍ୡ⏺䛸➨୕ୡ⏺ዪᛶ䛿䛚஫䛔䛂ฟ఍䛖䛃䠄Mohanty, Russon, Torres,㻌 㻝㻥㻥㻝䠅䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿すḢ୰⏘ᒙ୰ᚰ䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮ゝㄝ䜢ᢈุ䛧ᆅᇦ໬䛧䛯䚹㻌➨஧䛻䚸᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾Ẹ᪘୺⩏䛾Ṕྐླྀ㏙䜈䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮ⓗᢈุ䛾᪉ྥ䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾Ẹ᪘୺⩏䛾Ṕྐླྀ㏙䜢䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛻䜘䛳䛶ᢈุ䛩䜛䚹๓䛻ぢ䛯㏻䜚䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䛜Ẹ᪘୺⩏䜢㉺䛘䜛཯᳜Ẹゝㄝ䜢㏣ồ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ሙྜ䚸䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶ᛶูḟඖ䜢ྲྀ䜚ධ䜜䛺䛜䜙䝃䝞䝹䝍䞁䜢䜘䜚ලయ໬䛩䜛䚹⿕᳜Ẹᆅ䛾䛂ᅵ╔ⓗ䛃ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛜᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾㛫䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᅛ䜑䜙䜜䚸⬺᳜Ẹ௨ᚋ⣧⢋䛺䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛧䛶⾲㇟䛥䜜䛯䛛䚹䛂ዪᛶ䛃㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻣㻌 Fanon, Franz (1952) Peau noire, masques blancs , Éditions du Seuil: Paris.㻧㻌Memmi, Albert, 1967 The Colonizer
and The Colonized, Beacon Press: Boston㻌㻝㻤㻌 Fanon(1952)๓ᥖ᭩䛾㡑ᅜㄒ⩻ヂ᭩䠄䛄㯮䛔⓶⭵䚸ⓑ䛔௬㠃䛅ᮤ䝋䜽䝩ヂ䚸䝋䜴䝹䠖䜲䞁䜺䞁䝃䝷䞁䚸㻝㻥㻥㻡ᖺ䠅
pp.201-202.㻌

494㻌➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

䛸䛔䛖グྕ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻Ẹ᪘䛾䛂ᓫ㧗䛺ఏ⤫䛃䛻఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛛䛺䛹䛾ၥ䛔䜢ᢅ䛖㻝㻥䚹㻌➨୕䛻䚸᳜Ẹ⿕ᨭ㓄䛸䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹♫఍ศᯒ䛾᪉ἲㄽ䛸䛧䛶䛾ศᯒ᪉ྥ䛜䛒䜛䚹ᐇ㝿䛻๓䛻㏙䜉䛯ศᯒ䛸ከ䛟䛾ሙྜ㔜」䛩䜛䛜䚸䛣䛾₻ὶ䛿≉䛻᪤Ꮡ䛾Ṕྐླྀ㏙䛸ᑐᢠ䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸᳜Ẹ♫఍≧ἣ䛾୰䛷ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ാ䛝䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䛷᳜Ẹ୺⩏ศᯒ⮬య䜢ᛶู໬䠄engendering䠅䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛸䛣䜝䛻ᕪูᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛾ᨭ㓄య⣔䛿ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻┦஫䛻㑅ᢥⓗ䛻㛵䜟䛳䛯䛛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸䝃䝔䜱䠄sati䚸ᐻ፬ṥⴿไᗘ䠅ᗫṆ䜢䜑䛠䜛ⱥᅜ᳜Ẹᆅᨻᗓୗ䛷䛾ㄽத䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䜲䞁䝗䛾ᐙ∗㛗ⓗ䛂ఏ⤫䛃ゝㄝ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᢈุ䛥䜜䚸෌☜❧䛥䜜䛯䛾䛛㻞㻜䚹ἲไᗘ䛻཯ᫎ䛥䜜䛯ዪᛶ䛸䛂㐨ᚨ䛃⤫ไ䛿ᅜᐙ䛒䜛䛔䛿䛭䜜䜢㉺䛘䛶ᅜ㝿ⓗᨭ㓄య⣔䛸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻᭷ᶵⓗ䛻⤖ྜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䛾䜘䛖䛺◊✲ഴྥ䛸䛧䛶⾲䜜䜛㻞㻝䚹䛣䛾◊✲ഴྥ䛿䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢㏻䛨䛶䛂ዪᛶ䠄䛭䛾ᆅ఩䛸⾲㇟䛺䛹䠅䛃⮬య䛰䛡䜢ၥ㢟䛸䛩䜛䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䛣䜜䜢㏻䛨䛶䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊䝅䝇䝔䝮䛜᳜Ẹ䛸᳜Ẹᚋᮇ♫఍䚸ᅜᐙ䚸ᨭ㓄య⣔䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻㛵䜟䜛䛾䛛ศᯒ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ồ䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾Ẹ᪘୺⩏ⓗ཯᳜Ẹゝㄝ䛸䝬䝹䜽䝇୺⩏ᛴ㐍ṔྐᏛ䛷䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿䝃䝞䝹䝍䞁◊✲䛷䛥䛘䚸䛂ዪᛶ䛃䛸䛂䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊䛃䛾๐㝖䜢ᢈุ䛧䚸䝃䝞䝹䝍䞁䛾ᛶูᛶ䜢ᥦ㉳䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䜢ᐇయ໬䛩䜛䚹䜒䛖୍᪉䛷䛿䚸すḢⓑே୰ᚰ䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢ᢈุ䛧䛂ᆅᇦ໬䠄localize䠅䛃䛧䛶䚸⮬䜙䛾ᆅᇦ䛾䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䜢Ṕྐ໬䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮◊✲䛿Ẹ᪘୺⩏ṔྐᏛ䛷ᤕᤊ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛂Ẹ᪘䛃䛾᳜Ẹᆅⓗ⣔㆕䜢Ὑ䛔ฟ䛩䚹䛥䜙䛻㐍䜣䛷䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᥈ồ䛿᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛸௨㝆䛾ᕷẸ♫఍䚸䛂ᨻ἞ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛃䚸䛭䛧䛶䝃䝞䝹䝍䞁䛾ീ䛾ព࿡䜢᰿ᮏⓗ䛻ၥ䛖䚹᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛿␗Ẹ᪘䛻䜘䜛ᨭ㓄䛰䛳䛯䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸⮬ᕫ䛾Ẹ᪘ෆ䛷䛾㜚த䛷䜒䛒䜚䚸ᨻ἞ⓗ䛺㡿ᇦ䛻ୖ᪼䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛾䛺䛔᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛂⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦ䛃䛾෌ᵓ⠏㐣⛬䛷䛒䜚䚸䛒䜛♫఍✵㛫䛿᫬㛫䛾ὶ䜜䛾እ䜈ᢲ䛧ฟ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛟㐣⛬䛷䜒䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺どゅ䛛䜙ぢ䜛ሙྜ䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛿䚸බ䛸⚾䚸ఏ⤫䛸㏆௦䛜ฟ఍䛔䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛸ᖇᅜ᪥ᮏ䚸ዪᛶ䛸⏨ᛶ䛸䛔䛳䛯ᶒຊ㛵ಀ䛜↷ᛂ䛩䜛ከḟඖⓗၥ㢟㡿ᇦ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛂㏆௦ἲ䛃䛾௓ධ䛻䜘䜛័⩦ၥ㢟䚸័⩦䛜つ๎໬䛩䜛୰䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾෌ᵓᡂ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛪䚸䛣䜜䛻㛵䛩䜛Ṕྐ◊✲䛸♫఍⌮ㄽ䚸䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛸䛔䛖᪉ἲㄽ䛜せㄳ䛥䜜䜛䚹ᮏ✏䛿≉䛻䚸⚾ⓗ䛰䛳䛯ᐙ∗㛗ⓗไᗘ䛜᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䜢㏻䛨䛶ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛥䜜䚸䛭䜜䛜䜐䛧䜝ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛾ྡ䛷ṇᙜ໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯≧ἣ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䜘䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䚹ᮏ◊✲䛿䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ἲᏛ䚸♫఍Ꮫ䚸ᩥ໬◊✲䚸䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮ศᯒ䛾䜘䛖䛺Ꮫ㝿ⓗ䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䜢ྲྀ䜚䚸௒䜎䛷䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯㈨ᩱ䜈䛾᪂䛧䛔ព࿡௜䛡䜢ヨ䜏䜛䚹㻌

㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻝㻥㻌 Chatterjee, 1989 op.cit.㻌
㻌 Mani, Lata. 1989 “Contentious Tradition: The Debate on Sati in Colonial India, Recasting Women” Essay inIndian Colonial History, Kumkum Sangari & Sudesh Veid (eds.), Kali for Women: Delhi㻌㻞㻝㻌 Alexander, Jacqui. 1991 “Redrafting Morality: The Postcolonial State and the Sexual Offences Bill of Trinidad
and Tobago,” Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Chandra Mohanty. Ann Russo & Loures Torres(eds.). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press; Suleri, Sara. 1992 “Women Skin Deep: Feminism and Postcolonial
Condition,” Critical Inquiry, 18㻌
㻞㻜

495㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌Ϫ㸬᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ἲࡢ≧ἣ
㸯.ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨11᮲࡜ࠕ័⩦ࠖཎ๎ᮅ㩭䛾᳜Ẹᆅ⤫἞䛸ྠ᫬䛻䚸᪥ᮏ᳜Ẹᆅᨻᗓ䛿䛂ᮅ㩭䛻᪋⾜䛩䜛ἲ௧䛻㛵䛩䜛௳䛃䛸䛔䛖⥭ᛴສ௧䜢㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ㻤᭶㻞㻥᪥බᕸ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾ສ௧䛿᪥ᮏ⤫἞ୗ䛾ᮅ㩭䛾ἲᚊ䛿ᮅ㩭⥲╩䛾࿨௧䠄ไ௧䠅䛸䛧䛶つᐃ䛷䛝䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛸䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ἲᚊ䛾䛖䛱ᮅ㩭䛻᪋⾜䛩䜛䜒䛾䛿ສ௧䛷ᐃ䜑䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ᐉᕸ䛧䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻞㻝䠅䚹䛣䛖䛧䛯ᮅ㩭⥲╩䛾ไ௧୰䚸➨㻣ྕ䛸䛧䛶㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ㻟᭶䛻ᐉᕸ䛥䜜㻠᭶䛛䜙᪋⾜䛥䜜䛯ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷Ẹἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᇶᮏἲ௧䛸䛧䛶᳜Ẹᆅ⤫἞ᮇ㛫䛾⤊ጞ᭷ຠ䛰䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾➨㻝᮲䛿䚸䛂Ẹ஦䝙㛵䝇䝹஦㡯䝝ᮏ௧඼䝜௚䝜ἲ௧䝙≉ู䝜つᐃ䜰䝹ሙྜ䞀㝖䜽䝜እᕥ䝜ἲᚊ䝙౫䝹䛃䛸つᐃ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻞㻞䚹๓䛻ゝཬ䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸ぶ᪘┦⥆ศ㔝䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿➨㻝㻝᮲䛻䜘䛳䛶䛂័⩦䛃䛻ᚑ䛖䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䜣䜙≉ᐃ໬䛺䛟䛯䛰䛂័⩦䛃䜢ᐙ᪘ἲ䛾୰ᚰⓗ᰿ᣐ䛸䜏䛺䛩Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛿䚸ᐙ᪘ἲ㡿ᇦ䛻㛗䜙䛟῝䛔ᙳ㡪䜢ṧ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹䛭䜜䛷䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛿䚸ㄡ䛜䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ุ᩿䛧䛯䛾䛰䜝䛖䛛䚹䛣䛾⠇䛷䛿᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛾※Ἠ䜢୰ᚰ䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛾≧ἣ䜢ᴫほ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛩䜛䚹㻌ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛾※Ἠ䛿䚸➨୍䛻᪥ᮏ䛻䜘䛳䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯ㄪᰝ䛻ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛿ᩘᅇ䛻䜟䛯䜚ㄪᰝ䛾୺య䜢ኚ᭦䛧䛶䛔䛝䛺䛜䜙ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦ㄪᰝ䛻㑌㐍䛧䛯䚹䛩䛷䛻᪥㡑ేྜ௨๓䛾⤫┘ᗓ᫬௦䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛿㡑ᅜ䛻᪋⾜䛩䜛Ẹἲ⦅⧩㈨ᩱ䛸䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸୙ື⏘ἲㄪᰝ఍䛸ἲ඾ㄪᰝᒁ䜢タ⨨䛧䚸㻝㻥㻜㻤ᖺ㻡᭶䛛䜙㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ㻥᭶䜎䛷㡑ᅜẸ஦ၟ஦័⩦඲⯡䛻䜟䛯䜚඲ᅜⓗ䛺つᶍ䛷័⩦䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䚸䛣䛾ㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛜㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ䛄㡑ᅜ័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䛅䛸䛧䛶ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䚹ᮅ㩭⥲╩ᗓ䛿᪥㡑ేྜ䛻䜘䜚ἲ඾ㄪᰝᒁ䜢ᗫṆ䛧䚸㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ㻝㻜᭶⥲╩ᗓෆ䛻ྲྀㄪᒁ䜢タ⨨䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾஦ົ䜢ᘬ䛝⥅䛔䛰䚹ྲྀㄪᒁ䛿ᮅ㩭඲ᇦ䛾័⩦䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䚸ᩥ⊩䜢⩻ヂ䛩䜛సᴗ䜢⾜䛳䛶䚸㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ㻟᭶䛻ㄪᰝ䛥䜜䛯័⩦䜢ゞṇ⿵඘䛧䚸෌䜃䛄័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䛅䜢ห⾜䛧䛯䚹୍᪉䚸ྲྀㄪᒁ䛿㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ䛻ᗫṆ䛥䜜䚸ཧ஦ᐁᐊ䛻⨨䛝᥮䛘䜙䜜䚸㻝㻥㻝㻟ᖺ䛻㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ䛾䛄័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䛅䜢෌∧䛧䛯㻞㻟䚹㻌ୖグ䛾័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩௨እ䛻䜒䚸័⩦䛾᭷↓䛜ၥ㢟䛻䛺䜛ሙྜ䚸⾜ᨻᐁᗇ䛾ᑂ㆟䛸ᅇ⟅䚸㏻∭䛺䛹䛷஦᱌ู䛻Ꮡྰ䛜Ỵᐃ䛥䜜䚸ἲ※䛸䛧䛶䛾ຠຊ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹㻝㻥㻝㻤ᖺ䛻䛿ᪧ័ไᗘ䛾ㄪᰝෆᐜ䜢ᑂᰝ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸୰ᯡ㝔ෆ䛻䛂ᪧ័ㄪᰝጤဨ఍䛃䜢タ⨨䛧䚸㻝㻥㻞㻝ᖺ䛻䛿ᪧ᮶䛾㢼಑័⩦䛺䛹䜢᳨ウ䛩䜉䛝ἲ௧䛸᪋タ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䛩䛷䛻䛭䛾ྍྰ䜢ᑂᰝ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛂ᪧ័ཬไᗘᑂᰝጤဨ఍䛃䜢タ⨨䛧䛯䚹௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄪᰝ䛸ಶู䛾ᑂ㆟䛺䛹䛻䜘䜚ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯័⩦ἲ䛾ἲ※䛿䚸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ከᵝ䛰䛳䛯䚹䐟ྖἲ㒊㛗䚸ἲົᒁ㛗䚸ἲ㝔㛗䛾ᨻົ⥲┘䚸୰ᯡ㝔㆟㛗䛾䜘䛖䛺㧗఩ᐁ൉䛾㏻ㅁ䚸ᅇ⟅䚸カ௧䚸䐠ྖἲ༠఍䚸ุ౛ㄪᰝ఍䚸ᮅ㩭ᡞ⡠༠఍䚸ᪧ័⩦ไᗘㄪᰝጤဨ఍䛾䜘䛖䛻㛵㐃ጤဨ఍䛾Ỵ㆟䛚䜘䜃ᅇ⟅䚸䐡ᮅ㩭㧗➼ἲ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻞㻞㻌 ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝᮲䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯౫⏝ἲᚊ䛿ḟ䜢ཧ↷䛩䜛䛣䛸䠷㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻡㻡䠅䛄㡑ᅜぶ᪘┦⥆ἲㅮ⩏䛅ⴺ⫆ᩥ໬♫䚸㻥㻡㻡㡫䠹䚹㻌㻞㻟㻌 㻝㻥㻝㻡ᖺ䛛䜙䛿䛣䛾ᪧ័ไᗘㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䜢୰ᯡ㝔䛷ᢸᙜ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚୰ᯡ㝔䛿Ẹ஦័⩦䚸ၟ஦័⩦䚸ไᗘㄪᰝ䚸㢼಑ㄪᰝ䜢㐙⾜䛧䚸ᪧ័ไᗘ㛵㐃㈨ᩱ䜢⦅⧩䛧䛯䚹௨ᚋ㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ䛻୰ᯡ㝔䛿㻝㻥㻜㻥ᖺ䛛䜙㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ䜎䛷ἲ㝔䛺䛹䛾ᐁᗇ䛜ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛻㛵䛧䛶↷఍䛧䛯஦㡯㻟㻞㻠௳䜢⥲ᩚ⌮䛧䛯Ẹ஦័⩦ᅇ⟅ᙡ㞟䜢ห⾜䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ㻥᭶ᙜ᫬䜎䛷㡑ᅜἲ඾ㄪᰝᒁ䚸ᮅ㩭⥲╩ᗓྲྀㄪᒁ䚸ཧ஦ᐁᐊ䛚䜘䜃୰ᯡ㝔䚸ἲ㝔䛭䛾௚ᐁᗇ䛾ၥ䛔ྜ䜟䛫䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᙜᒁ䛜ᅇ⟅䛧䛯័⩦䜢ศ㢮䞉⦅⧩䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇุ౛ἲᙧᡂ䛻䛚䛔䛶᭱䜒ᇶᮏⓗ㈨ᩱ䛸䛔䛘䜛䠷㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅๓ᥖ᭩䚸㻝㻡㻥㡫㻧㻌 㒯⫯᳜䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅๓ᥖ᭩䚸㻞㻠㻙㻟㻜㡫䠹䚹㻌496㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

㝔䛾ุỴ䛜䛭䜜䛷䛒䜛䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻟㻞㻙㻟㻟䠗㒯⫯᳜䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠖㻞㻠㻙㻟㻜㡫䠅䚹䛣䛾ሙྜἲ※㛫䛾ୖୗ㛵ಀ䛥䛘᫂ⓑ䛷䛺䛟䚸༢䛻ᐁ൉䛾Ỵᐃ䛜᭱䜒ୖ఩䛾័⩦ἲ※䛷䛒䜛䜒䛾䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛰䛡䛰䛳䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻞㻠䠅䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸័⩦ἲ※䛿䛭䛾᫬䚻䛷᪂䛧䛔ἲ※䛜స䜙䜜䛖䜛䚸ྍኚⓗ䛷䛒䜚䚸䜎䛯㠀య⣔໬䛥䜜䛯≧ែ䛻䛒䜚䚸ᐁ൉䛾Ỵᐃ䛻ᚑ䛖䛣䛸䛷᜛ពⓗỴᐃ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛛䛺䜚䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌᳜Ẹᆅᙜᒁ䛿᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄䛾ᇶ┙䛸䛧䛶䚸Ẹ䞉ၟ஦័⩦䛾ㄪᰝ䛻୍㈏䛧䛯ពᚿ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹ᚑ䛳䛶ぶ᪘┦⥆䛻㛵䛩䜛㝈䜚䚸ᮅ㩭䛷ᐇ⾜䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛂័⩦䛃䛻౫ᣐ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ཎ๎䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛័⩦ཎ๎䛿䚸ᐇ㝿䛻䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᐁྣ䛸Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶ᢕᥱ䛥䜜グ㘓䛥䜜䛯ᩥ᭩䛻౫Ꮡ䛩䜛ᵓ㐀䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ᮅ㩭䛾ᩥ໬䛾ᅛ᭷ᛶ䜢ㄆᐃ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺䛂័⩦䛃䛸䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜᐙᶒጾ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸෌䜃䛭䛾ෆᐜ䛜⿵䜟䜜䜛ወ␗䛺ཎ๎䛰䛳䛯䚹䛣䛣䛻䛿䝩䝤䝈䝪䞊䝮䛜㏙䜉䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸๓㏆௦♫఍䛻䛚䛡䜛௵ពⓗ័⩦䛜䛂㏆௦ⓗ䛃䛺ἲయ⣔䛾୰䛷ゎ㔘䚸ศ㢮䚸ᬑ㐢໬䛥䜜䜛㏆௦ⓗ♫఍ኚ໬䛾ഃ㠃䛜䛺䛔䛸䛿ゝ䛘䛺䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧㡑ᅜ䛷䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ኚ໬䛿᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛸䛔䛖ᨭ㓄㛵ಀ䛾୰䛷㐍䜣䛰䛯䜑䚸᪥ᮏⓗどゅ䛛䜙ぢ䛯㡑ᅜ䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛜ᐃ╔䛩䜛ዎᶵ䜢స䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᚑ䛳䛶䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛂័⩦䛃䛜᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛾どゅ䛻䜘䛳䛶ㄪᰝ䛥䜜Ỵᐃ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛛䛿䚸㔜せ䛺ၥ㢟䛻䜋䛛䛺䜙䛺䛔㻞㻠䚹㻌㻝㻥㻜㻤ᖺ㻡᭶䛛䜙㻝㻥㻝㻜ᖺ㻥᭶䜎䛷ἲ඾ㄪᰝᒁ䛿᭱ึ䛾඲ᅜⓗ័⩦ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹ᙜ᫬䛾ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ලయⓗ䛻ṧ䛳䛯䜒䛾䛜䛺䛔䛯䜑ヲ䛧䛟䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䛜䚸័⩦ㄪᰝ䛾ணഛⓗᛶ᱁䜢䜒䛴୙ື⏘ἲㄪᰝ఍䛾ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ䜢㏻䛨䛶䛭䛾᪉ἲ䜢㢮᥎䛷䛝䜛䚹䛣䛾᫬័⩦ㄪᰝ䛾䛯䜑㻞㻜㻢䛾ၥ㢟䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䛜䚸䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿᪥ᮏ䛾Ẹ䞉ၟἲయ⣔䛻ᛅᐇ䛰䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷䚸䛣䛾ㄪᰝ䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ἲయ⣔䛾ᯟ䛾୰䛷⾜䜟䜜䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜛㻞㻡䚹ㄪᰝୖ䛾㉁ၥ㡯┠䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸ㄪᰝ䛾య⣔⮬య䛜᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛾⦅ู᪉ᘧ䛷䛒䜛䝟䞁䝕䜽
䝔䞁䠄Pandekten䠅య⣔䛻䛭䛾䜎䜎ᚑ䛳䛯䛾䛷䚸ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䜒䛣䛾య⣔䛻ᚑ䛳䛯㻞㻢䚹㻌䛥䜙䛻ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛻ཬ䜌䛧䛯᪥ᮏἲ䛾ᙳ㡪䛿䚸༢䛻᮲㡯䛸య⣔䛻䛸䛹䜎䜙䛺䛔䚹䛭䜜䛿ᴫᛕ䛸⏝ㄒ䛻䛩䛷䛻῝䛟ᾐ㏱䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹౛䛘䜀䚸ᐙ╩䚸௚ᐙ┦⥆䚸ᗫ⤯ᐙ䚸୍ᐙ᚟⯆䛺䛹ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛻䛿䛺䛨䜏䛾䛺䛛䛳䛯ᴫᛕ䛸⏝ㄒ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䜢ၥ䛔ㄪᰝ䛧䛯㻞㻣䚹䛣䛾ၥ㢟䛿༢䛻ㄪᰝ䛾㠀ṇ☜ᛶ䛻䛸䛹䜎䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸୙㐺ྜᛶ䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䛯䚹᪥ᮏ䛾័⩦䛸ἲᴫᛕ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦ㄪᰝ䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ど⥺䛻䜘䛳䛶ゎ㔘䛧䛶䚸ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢✚ᴟⓗ䛻⏕⏘䛧䛯㐣⛬䛰䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹㻌㸰.᪥ᮏᪧẸἲࡢ⛣᳜᪥ᮏᅜᐙ䛾┠䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᮅ㩭័⩦䛾ᵓᡂ䛿䚸≉䛻ᐙ᪘ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛻䜘䛟ල⌧䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿័⩦ཎ๎䛸ྠ᫬䛻᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ䛾⛣᳜䛻䜘䛳䛶䛷䛒䜛䚹ඛ䛻ぢ䛯䚸ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛻䜘䜛䛸䛔䛖Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸᪥ᮏẸἲ඾䛾ぶ᪘┦⥆⦅䛾᮲㡯䛜ḟ➨䛻ᮅ㩭䛻ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛂ヱᙜศ㔝䛻㐺ษ䛺័⩦䛜㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻞㻠㻌 ័⩦ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ䛸ែᗘ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸ḟ䜢ཧ⪃䛸䛩䜛䠷㒯⫯᳜䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅๓ᥖ᭩䚸㻤㻙㻥㡫㻧㻌 ἲ㝔⾜ᨻฎ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻡䠅๓ᥖ᭩䠹㻌㻌 Smith, Roberts. 1996 "The Japanese Confucian Family," Confucian Tradition in East Asian Modernity-Moral
Education and Economic Culture in Japan and Four Other mini-Dragon. Tu Wei-Ming(ed.). Harvard University
Press: Cambridge.㻌㻞㻢㻌 ᑺ኱ᡂ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻝䠅䛂᪥ᖇ䛾㡑ᅜ័⩦ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛸ఏ㈔័⩦ἲ䛃䛄㡑ᅜἲྐᏛㄽྀ䛅䠄ᮔ⛃⃾ᩍᤵ⳹⏥グᛕ䠅༤ⱥ♫䚹㻌㻞㻣㻌 䜘䜚ヲ⣽䛺ㄝ᫂䛿ᱱ㕷ፑ㻔㻞㻜㻜㻜㻕䛂᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇᐙ᪘䛄័⩦䛅䛛䜙ぢ䛯䜸䝸䜶䞁䝍䝸䝈䝮䚸㏆௦ᛶ䚸᳜Ẹᆅᛶ䛃㡑ᅜ♫఍ྐᏛ఍ኟᏘ䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥Ⓨ⾲ᩥ䚸ᮍห⾜ㄽᩥཧ⪃䚹㻌
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497㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌䛺䛔䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻞㻝䠅䛃䚸䜎䛯䛿䛂᫬ໃ䛾㐍㐠䛸䛸䜒䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯᪂஦᝟䠄㒯⫯᳜䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠖㻝㻞䠅䛃䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛺䛹䛜䚸⌮⏤䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛯䚹᪥ᮏẸἲ᮲㡯䛾ᑟධ䛿Ẹ஦௧➨㻝᮲䛻䜘䛳䛶ἲⓗ᰿ᣐ䛜‽ഛ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹䛸䛣䜝䛜䚸䛣䛾䛸䛝䛾ᑟධ䛜䚸ἲ䛾య⣔ⓗ㐺⏝䛷䛿䛺䛟ἲ᮲㡯䜢೉䜚䛶౑䛖䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䛷䚸೉⏝䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻␃ព䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷᪥ᮏᪧẸἲἲ඾඲య䛜㐺⏝䛥䜜䛪䚸ᮅ㩭䛻ຠຊ䛜䛒䜛᪥ᮏἲ௧䛸䛔䛳䛶䜒䚸䛭䛾ゎ㔘䛜᪥ᮏ䛸ྠ୍䛷䛒䜛䛸ぢ䜛䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻡㻡䠖㻞㻞㻙㻞㻢䠅䚹䛣䛾䛂೉⏝䛃䛾ព࿡䛛䜙䚸䛩䛷䛻᪥ᮏἲ䛜㡯┠ู䛻䛭䛾᫬䚻䛷౽ᐅⓗ䛻㐺⏝䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛㻞㻤䚹㻌᪥ᮏẸἲ䛾ᮅ㩭䛻䛚䛡䜛೉⏝䛿䚸Ẹ஦௧䛾ᨵṇ䛸ᡞ⡠ἲ䛾ไ䠄ᨵ䠅ᐃ䜢㏻䛨䛶⾜䜟䜜䛯䚹ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛾➨୍ḟᨵṇ䠄㻝㻥㻞㻝㻚㻝㻝㻚㻝㻠䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶ぶᶒ䚸ᚋぢே䚸ぶ᪘఍䛻㛵䛩䜛୍㒊᮲㡯䛾೉⏝䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜚䚸⩣ᖺ䛾➨஧ḟᨵṇ䠄㻝㻥㻞㻞㻚㻝㻞㻚㻣䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶᪥ᮏẸἲ䛾䛥䜙䛻ከ䛟䛾᮲㡯䛜ᮅ㩭䛷ຠຊ䜢Ⓨ᥹䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹፧ጻᖺ㱋䚸⿢ุ㞳፧䚸ㄆ▱䚸㈈⏘┦⥆䚸➨୍ḟᨵṇ䛷೉⏝䛥䜜䛺䛔ぶ᪘఍䛾ṧ䜚䛾᮲㡯䛻㛵䛩䜛᮲㡯䛜䛭䜜䛷䛒䜛䚹෌䜃㻝㻥㻟㻥ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻝㻜᪥䚸➨୕ḟᨵṇ䛻䜘䛳䛶᪥ᮏἲ䛾ຠຊ䛜ᣑᙇ䛩䜛䛜䚸䛣䛾᫬䛻䛿Ặ䛻㛵䛩䜛つᐃ䚸⿢ุୖ㞳⦕䠄⨭㣴䠅䛻㛵䛩䜛つᐃ䚸፵㣴Ꮚ⦕⤌䛾↓ຠ䛺䛔䛧ྲྀ䜚ᾘ䛧䛻㛵䛩䜛つᐃ䜢౫⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䚹ྠ᫬䛻ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲䛾㻞䛻䛂ᮅ㩭ே䝜㣴Ꮚ⦕⤌䝙ᅾ䝸䝔㣴Ꮚ䝝㣴ぶ䝖ጣ䞀ྠ䝅䜽䝇䝹䝁䝖䞀せ䝉䝇䚹ణ䝅Ṛᚋ㣴Ꮚ䝜ሙྜ䝙᪊䝔䝝Ṉ䝜㝈䝙ᅾ䝷䝇䛃䛸䛔䛖つᐃ䜢᪂タ㏣ຍ䛧䚸᪤Ꮡ㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛾␗ጣ୙㣴ཎ๎䜢◚Რ䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ྠ䛨᪥䛻䛔䜟䜖䜛䛂๰Ặᨵྡ䛃䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䜛䚸䛂Ặ㑅ᐃไ㝈䛚䜘䜃Ặྡኚ᭦䛻㛵䛩䜛ไ௧䛃䜢Ⓨ⾲䛧䚸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặไᗘ䜢ᮅ㩭䛻ᙉ⾜䛧䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻞㻞䠃㻞㻡䠅䚹᪥ᮏ䛾፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặ䛾ᮅ㩭䜈䛾⛣᳜䛿䚸ᮅ㩭ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛾᭱䜒᰿ᮏⓗ䛺ἲつ䜈䛾ᣮᡓ䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ἲⓗᥐ⨨䛿䚸ኴᖹὒᡓத䠄㻝㻥㻟㻝㻙㻝㻥㻠㻡䠅䛸䛸䜒䛻᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾཰ዣ䛸ᮅ㩭ே䛾᪥ᮏே໬䛻ᢿ㌴䜢䛛䛡䛯᫬௦ⓗᩥ⬦䛾୰䛻䛒䛳䛯䚹㻌௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ἲ䛿ཎ๎ⓗ䛻኱䛝䛟஧䛴䛾ἲ※䛻౫ᣐ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䛂័⩦䛃䛸䛔䛖୙ᩥἲ䛸䚸᪥ᮏ㛵㐃ἲ䛾㑅ᢥⓗ೉⏝䛜䛭䜜䛷䛒䜛䚹ᐇ㝿䛻䛣䛾஧䛴䛾ἲ※䛿ศ㞳䛥䜜䛪䚸䜐䛧䜝䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛔䛖ྡ䛷ΰ䛬ྜ䜟䛥䜜䛯䚹᪥ᮏ䛾ἲᚊ䛜ᮅ㩭䛻ᙉไ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷᪂䛧䛔ᐙ᪘័⾜䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䜚䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺័⾜䛜䛂䠄᪂䠅័⩦䛃䛸⾲⌧䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䜒ὀព䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛾ἲ᮲㡯⮬య䛜䛂័⩦䛃䛾※Ἠ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛿ゝ䛔䛜䛯䛔䛜䚸䛭䜜䛜᪂䛧䛔័⩦䛾ไᗘⓗᩥ⬦䜢ᙧᡂ䛧䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯᳜Ẹᆅᙜ᫬䛾័⾜䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸ุ౛䛸᮲౛䛺䛹䛸㛵ಀᙜᒁ䛜Ỵᐃ䛩䜜䜀䚸䛭䜜䜙䜒௨㝆䛾஦౛䛷䛂័⩦䛃䛸䛧䛶ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻క䛔ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛾ἲ※䛻䛿ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾ἲ඾䛚䜘䜃័⾜䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸᳜Ẹᆅ♫఍᮲௳䛾୰䛷ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯័⾜䜒ྵ䜎䜜䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛䛸䚸័⩦䛻䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺␗䛺䜛᫬௦䛸ไᗘⓗཎ⌮䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛯䚹➨୍䛻䚸ᮅ㩭⋤ᮅ䛾ἲ඾䛺䛹䜢⪃ᐹ䛧䚸⌧⾜័⩦ἲ䛸䛧䛶᳜Ẹᆅᙜᒁ䛜ᐉゝ䛧䛯䜒䛾䚸➨஧䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅᙜ᫬䛾䛂ᮅ㩭䛃♫఍䛷ᐇ⾜䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ᐇ㊶䜢᳜Ẹᆅᙜᒁ䛜ㄆᐃ䛧䛯䜒䛾䚸➨୕䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ἲไ䠄౛䛘䜀ᐙไᗘ䠅䛜㐺⏝䛥䜜䚸♫఍㛵ಀ䛜ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⏕䛨䛯᪂䛧䛔័⾜䛸ㄆᐃ䛥䜜䜛䜒䛾䚸➨ᅄ䛻䚸ᙜ᫬䛾ἲ㝔䠄⿢ุᡤ䠅䛷ୗ䛥䜜䛯ุỴ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻᳜㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻞㻤㻌 Chen䛿᳜Ẹᆅἲไ໬䛜䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛂㡯┠ู䠄item by item䠅䛃䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯䛾䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ἲᨻ⟇䛻య⣔ⓗ䛺ཎ๎䛜Ḟዴ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛯䜑䛰䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Chen, Edward-Ite. 1984, “The Attempt to Integrate the Empire: Legal
Perspective,” The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945, Ramon H. Myers and Mark R. Peattie (eds.), Princeton:
Princeton University Press, pp.984: 242-248.䠅䚹㻌

498㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛂័⩦䛃䛾Ỵᐃ䛿䚸ከ⩏ⓗ䛷ὶືⓗ䛰䛳䛯ᐇ㊶䠄practices䠅䛜䚸ᬑ㐢ⓗ䛺᫂☜䛺ຠຊ䜢ᣢ䛴つ๎䠄law䠅䛻㌿໬䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯㐣⛬䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌

ϫ.ᐙไᗘࡢ⛣᳜࡜ᮅ㩭ࡢᡞ୺ไᗘ
㸯.ᐙไᗘ࡜᳜Ẹᆅᅜᐙᡞ୺ไᗘ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᮏ᱁ⓗ㆟ㄽ䛻ඛ❧䛳䛶䚸ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛜⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䛯䜘䜚኱䛝䛺ไᗘ䛷䛒䜛᪥ᮏᪧẸἲୖ䛾ᐙ䠄䜲䜶䠅ไᗘ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄽ䛨䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹୍⯡䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛿᪥ᮏ䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛻❧⬮䛧䛯ไᗘ䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᑒᘓ᫬௦䛾⏘≀䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸Ṋᐙ䛾ᐙ᪘䜢䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶᫂἞᫬௦䛻⪃᱌䛥䜜䛯⏘≀䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖୺ᙇ䛜ᥦ㉳䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯㻞㻥䚹᪥ᮏ䛾ᪧẸἲ䜢❧᱌䛧䛶䛔䛯൲ᩍⓗ䜶䝸䞊䝖䛯䛱䛿䚸ἲ❧᱌䛻ඛ❧䛱䚸ᐙ᪘≧ἣ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾඲ᅜⓗ䛺ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䚸ᖹẸ䛾㻥㻜䠂䛜⤖፧ᙧែ䚸ぶ᪘ィ⟬䚸ᐙ᪘ᵓᡂ䛻䛚䛔䛶൲ᩍⓗἲ๎䛸䛿␗䛺䜛䛂㠀ṇᖖᛶ䛃䛻⾪ᧁ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛸䛔䛖䚹ᐇ㝿䛻㻝㻤㻥㻤ᖺ䛻ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯᪥ᮏ䛾ぶ᪘┦⥆⦅䠄ᐙ᪘ἲ䠅䛿䚸ᙜ᫬䛾᪥ᮏẸ⾗䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䜶䝸䞊䝖䛾䛂൲ᩍ䛃ᴫᛕ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ἲ඾䛰䛳䛯㻟㻜䚹㻌ᐙไᗘ䛿൲ᩍ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯᪥ᮏ䛾䛂ఏ⤫ⓗ䛃ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛸すḢⓗ䛂㏆௦䛃䛾ᢡ⾺䛸䛧䛶⪃᱌䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ᐙ䛸䛿䚸᰾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛾እほ䛻┤⣔ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛾ཎ⌮䜢ወጁ䛻⤫ྜ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹እᙧୖ䛾ಶูᑠᐙ᪘䛿ᆅᇦඹྠయ䛾⤫ไ䛛䜙䛒䜛⛬ᗘ⮬⏤䛺ᑠつᶍ⤒῭༢఩䛸䛔䛖ព࿡䛷䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䛾䛂㏆
௦ⓗ䛃᰾ᐙ᪘䛾䝰䝕䝹䜢ᛕ㢌䛻⪃᱌䛥䜜䛯䚹ᐙไᗘ䛾ୗ䛷᪥ᮏ䛾඲ᅜẸ䛜ᡞ୺䛻䜘䛳䛶⦅ไ䛥䜜䛯ᐙ᪘䛸䛧䛶⤌⧊䛥䜜䚸ಶ䚻䛾ᐙ᪘䛿ูಶ䛾ᐙ᪘ྡ䠄Ặ䠅䛷Ⓩ㘓䛥䜜䛯䚹௨๓䛿Ặ䜢ᣢ䛶䛺䛛䛳䛯኱ከᩘ䛾ᖹẸ䛜Ặ䜢ᣢ䛴䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛣䛸䛷䚸䛣䛾㐣⛬䛿᪥ᮏ䛾඲ఫẸ䜈䛾䛂ᕷẸⓗ䛃ᬑ㐢໬䛸ᆅ఩ୖ᪼䛾䜘䛖䛺ຠᯝ䛜䛒䜛䛸䜒ゝ䛘䛯䚹䜒䛖୍᪉䛷䛿䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾ᑠᐙ᪘䛿⥅ᢎไᗘ䜢㏻䛨䛶⤯䛘䛪෌⏕⏘䛥䜜䚸ಶู䛾ᐙ䛾⣔⤫䛿ኳⓚ䛸䛔䛖⾑⤫ⓗ䛻᭱䜒᰿ᮏⓗ䛺ᮏὶ䛾ᐙ⣔䛻ᆶ┤ⓗ䛻⤫ྜ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䛖䛧䛯ព࿡䛷᫂἞ᖇᅜ୺⩏ᅜᐙ䛿䛭䜜⮬య䛜ኳⓚ䜢ጞ♽䛸䛩䜛ᐙ᪘䝰䝕䝹䜢ᣢ䛳䛯ᐙ᪘ᅜᐙ䛰䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻᪥ᮏ䛾ᪧẸἲ䛾୰䛷ぶ᪘┦⥆⦅䛿㻝㻤㻣㻜ᖺ䛛䜙㻝㻥㻜㻜ᖺ䛸䛔䛖㛗ᮇ㛫䛻䜟䛯䜛᪥ᮏ䛾ఏ⤫䛸すὒ䛾㏆௦㛫䛾ጇ༠䛾⏘≀䛷䛒䜛㻟㻝䚹䛧䛛䛧᪥ᮏ䛾ぶ᪘┦⥆⦅䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛻ᥦ♧䛥䜜䜛䛸䛝䚸䛭䜜䛿㐍Ṍⓗ䛷ື䛛䛩䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䛺䛔ἲ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛭䜜䛿༢䛻㏆௦ἲ䛾ὀධ䛸䛔䛖ᢳ㇟ⓗ┠ⓗ䛷䛿䛺䛟ᮅ㩭᳜Ẹᆅ䜢᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜᐙయไ䛾䜒䛸䛻⤫ྜ䛥䛫䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛ᖇᅜ୺⩏ᅜᐙ䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹ᮏ❶䛷䛿ᐙ䛾୰ᚰไᗘ䛷䛒䜛ጣ䛸Ặ䚸㣴Ꮚ䚸ᡞ୺ไᗘ䜢஦౛䛻䜘䛳䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䚹≉䛻ᮅ㩭䛻᭱䜒῝䛟้䜎䜜䛯ᡞ୺ไᗘ䜢୰ᚰ䛻㆟ㄽ䛩䜛䚹㻌

㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻞㻥㻌 Watanabe, Yozo. 1963 "The Family and the Law: The Individualistic Premise and Modern Japanese Family Law,"
Law in Japan- the Legal Order in a Changing Society, Arthur Taylor von Mehren (ed.). Harvard University Press,
Cambridge; Smith. 1996 op.cit.㻌
㻟㻜㻌 Smith, Waren. 1959 Confucianism in Modern Japan - A Study of Conservatism in Japanese Intellectual History.
Hokuseido Press, Tokyo.㻌㻟㻝㻌 Watanabe. 1963 op.cit.㻌

499㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌㸰.ጣ࡜Ặࠊ㣴Ꮚไᗘ㻝㻥㻝㻡ᖺẸ⡠ἲᨵṇ䛻䜘䜚䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ᡞ⡠䛻ᮏ᮶䛾ேཱྀㄪᰝ᪉ᘧ䛜ᗫṆ䛥䜜䚸ᢳ㇟ⓗ䛺ᐙᴫᛕ䛜⛣᳜䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾ሙྜ䛾ᢳ㇟ⓗ䛺䛂ᐙ䛃䛸䛿䚸஦ᐇⓗᒃఫ≧ែ䛸㛵ಀ䛺䛟䚸ᡞ୺䜢୰ᚰ䛻⤌⧊䛥䜜䛯ᡞ⡠ᩥ᭩䛻グ㘓䛥䜜䛯ᐙ᪘䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾Ẹ⡠ἲ䛿㻝㻥㻞㻞ᖺ䛻Ⓨຠ䛧䛯ᮅ㩭ᡞ⡠௧䛷⨨䛝᥮䛘䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸ᮅ㩭ᡞ⡠௧䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾ᡞ⡠ไᗘ䜢䛔䛳䛭䛖ຠ⋡໬䛧䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸ᡞ⡠䛾ෆᐜ䚸ᙧែ䚸ಟṇ᪉ἲ䚸ඃඛ㡰఩䛻䛚䛔䛶ヲ⣽䛺ཎ๎䛜ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䚸⣮ኻ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻ഛ䛘䛶඲䛶䛾ᡞ⡠ᩥ᭩䜢㻞㒊䛪䛴సᡂ䛧䚸ู䚻䛻ಖ⟶䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛸䛸䜒䛻⤖፧䚸ฟ⏕䚸Ṛஸ䚸㣴Ꮚ䚸⨭㣴䚸ศᐙ䠋᚟⯆ᐙ䛺䛹䚸඲䛶䛾ᐙ᪘஦㡯䛾ኚື䛻䛚䛔䛶᪤Ꮡ䛾஦ᐇ୺⩏䛛䜙Ⓩ㘓୺⩏ཎ๎䜢᥇ᢥ䛩䜛኱ኚ㠉䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠗ᮔ⛃⃾䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䚹䛣䛾㐣⛬䛿ᮅ㩭ே䛻㛵䛩䜛඲䛶䛾஦㡯䛜ᅜᐙᩥ᭩䛻䜘䛳䛶グ㘓䛥䜜䚸⦅ไ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷ᮅ㩭ே䛾䛂ᅜẸ໬䛃䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯஦௳䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹䜎䛯ᮅ㩭ே䛾⚾ⓗ᝟ሗ䛜䚸ᅜᐙ䛜⟶ᤸ䛩䜛බⓗ᝟ሗ䛻⤫ྜ䛥䜜䚸ᅜᐙ䛾Ⓩ㘓䛸ᢎㄆ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䜉䛝஦㡯䛻ኚ໬䛧䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌୍᪉䚸㻝㻥㻟㻥ᖺᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨୕ḟᨵṇ䛷ᐉᕸ䛥䜜䛯䛂Ặ㑅ᐃไ㝈䛚䜘䜃Ặྡኚ᭦䛻㛵䛩䜛ไ௧䛃䛻䜘䜛᪥ᮏᘧẶไᗘ䛾ᙉ⾜䛿䚸ᮅ㩭䛷䛾ᐙไᗘ⛣᳜䛾᏶ᡂ䛾䛯䜑䛾ᥐ⨨䛸䛧䛶⌮ゎ䛷䛝䜛䚹๰Ặᨵྡ䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䛯䛣䛾኱䚻ⓗᨵ㠉䛿䚸ᮅ㩭ே䛻᪥ᮏே䛸ྠᵝ䛾Ặ䜢ᣢ䛯䛫䜛ไᗘ䛰䛳䛯䚹䛭䜜䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸䛣䛾ไᗘ䛿᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄䛷䛿䛺䛟㈨ᮏ୺⩏ⓗ㏆௦♫఍䛻Ṍㄪ䜢ྜ䜟䛫䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶ṇᙜ໬䛥䜜䛯䚹௨ୗ䛾ᩥ❶䛿䚸ᙜ᫬䛄ிᇛ᪥ሗ䛅㻝㻥㻟㻥ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻝㻞᪥௜䛻㍕䛳䛯Ᏻ⏣ᖿኴᩍᤵ䛾ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧ᨵṇ䛻㛵䛩䜛ゎㄝ䛾୍㒊䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌㻌᪥ᮏ䛷䜒௨๓䛿Ặ᪘ไᗘ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛯ᙜ᫬䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᡤㅝጣ䛿ᮅ㩭䛾௒᪥䛾䜒䛾䛸඲䛟ྠ୍䛰䛳䛯䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹䠷㻚㻚㻚䠹䚹䠷䛧䛛䛧䠹ᮅ㩭䛾䜘䛖䛺ጣ䛜ᗫṆ䛥䜜ᐙ䛾࿧⛠䛷䛒䜛Ặ䜢⛠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䚹䠷㻚㻚㻚䠹䚹ᮅ㩭ே୰ಖᏲⓗ▱㆑㝵⣭୰䛻䛿ጣ䛾࿧⛠䜢ᗫṆ䛧䛶䛭䛾ጣ䜢୙ศ᫂䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ே೔䜢⣟஘䛥䛫䜛ཎᅉ䛰䛸⪃䛧䛛䛧ㄗ䛳䛯ጣ䜢⛠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛩䜛䛾䛛Ặ䜢⛠䛩䜛䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿☜ᐇ䛻᫬௦䛾䛘䜛䜒䛾䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔䜘䛖䛰䚹䛧ᨻ἞䚸⤒῭⤌⧊䛜䛣䜜䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛䚹䠷㻚㻚㻚䠹䚹䛯䛸䛘䜀ᘏᏳᮤẶ䛜୍᪘୍య䛻ᨻ἞䚸⤒῭⏕ά䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯᫇䛿䚸ᘏᏳᮤẶ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛ྛಶே䛿ᮤጣ䛷࿧⛠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛰䛳䛯䚹䛸䛣䜝䛜௒᪥䛷䛿ᘏᏳᮤẶ䛾୍᪘䛿஦ᐇୖ
ᩘ༑ⓒ䛾ᐙ䛻ศ⿣䛧ሙᡤ䜢ู䛻䛧䛶⏕ά䜢ู㏵⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄ிᇛ᪥ሗ㻝㻥㻟㻥ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻝㻞᪥௜䚸䛂ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧୰ᨵṇ䛻㛵䛩䜛ไ௧ゎㄝ䛃୰䚸➨୕䛄ጣ䛾ኚ᭦䛾ྜ⌮ᛶ䛅䚸㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻢㻞㻙㻢㻟䠅䛛䜙෌ᘬ⏝䚸➹⪅ᙉㄪ䠅䚹㻌㻌䛣䛾ゝㄝ䛿ጣ䛸Ặไᗘ䜢๓㏆௦䛸㏆௦ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶ᑐẚ䛩䜛䚹䛂ᘏᏳᮤẶ䛃䛜඲䛶㞟䜎䛳䛶ఫ䜣䛷䛔䛺䛔⌧ᅾ䛾ᨻ἞䚸⤒῭యไ䛷䛿䚸ᩘⓒୡᖏ䜢ྠ୍䛻࿧䜆ጣไᗘ䛷䛿䛺䛟䛭䛾ୡᖏ䜢ᣦ䛧♧䛩᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặ䛜ᚲせ䛰䛸䛔䛖ㄽ⌮䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸᪥ᮏᘧẶไᗘ䛿䛂㏆௦ᛶ䛃䛾ᬑ㐢ⓗせㄳ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸᪥ᮏẸἲ䛸ᅜᐙ䛾≉Ṧ䛺せㄳ䛰䛳䛯䚹᪥ᮏ䛾Ặไᗘ䛿㻝㻥㻝㻡ᖺᮅ㩭䛻ᑟධ䛥䜜䛯Ẹ⡠ἲୖ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛻⤫ྜ䛥䜜䛯ไᗘ䛷䚸᪥ᮏ䛾Ặ䛸䛿䚸䛒䜛ே䛜፧ጻ䚸ධ㣴䚸㞳፧䚸⨭㣴䛻క䛔ᡤᒓ䛩䜛ᐙ䜢ኚ᭦䛩䜛䛸ྠ᫬䛻ኚ䜟䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻⾲䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ྡᐇ䛸䜒䛻䛂ᐙ䛾ቃ⏺䛃䛸୍⮴䛩䜛ᐙ᪘䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䛾⾲♧䛷䛒䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛾Ặไᗘ䛿ᡞ୺┦⥆䚸㣴Ꮚไᗘ䚸㈈⏘ไᗘ䛸⤫ྜ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䚸ᐙไᗘ䛾ᬑ㐢ⓗ☜❧䛾䛯䜑ᮅ㩭䛻Ặไᗘ䜢ὀධ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧ᮅ㩭ே䛾ᐙ᪘䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾

500㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

Ặ䜢ᣢ䛴䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜘䜚኱䛝䛺ᣮᡓ䛿⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䚹ᮅ㩭᫬௦䜢㏻䛨䛶☜❧䛥䜜䛯ጣᮏไᗘ䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸ጣᮏኚ᭦䛾୙ྍ⬟ᛶ䛿ᮅ㩭䛾ጣᮏไᗘ䛾᰾䛰䛳䛯䠄ᮤගಙ䚸㻝㻥㻣㻟䠅䚹㻌㻝㻥㻠㻜ᖺ㻞᭶㻝㻝᪥䠄⚄Ṋኳⓚ䛾༶఩᪥䚸⣖ඖ⠇䠅䛻䚸ୖグ䛾࿨௧䛾Ⓨຠ䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸ᡞ⡠䛻᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặ䛜ᮅ㩭䛾ጣྡ䜢⨨䛝᥮䛘䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䛜䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ጣ䛿᏶඲䛻ᾘ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛺䛟䚸௨๓䛾䛂ᮏ㈏䛃䛾ᆅ఩䛻⛣ື䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹୍⯡ⓗ䛺♫఍άື䇷ồ⫋䚸ධᏛ䚸ᒚṔ᭩䛺䛹䇷䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿᪥ᮏᘧẶ䛰䛡䜢䜒䛳䛶䛧䛶䜒༑ศ䛰䛳䛯䛜䚸ᮏே䛾⾑⤫䛸㛵ಀ䛩䜛஦㡯䛾䛯䜑䛻䛿ጣ䛜ᚲせ䛰䛳䛯䚹ᮅ㩭䛾ጣ䛸ᮏ䛿䛒䛯䛛䜒㞃䜜䛶䛔䜛ே䛾䜘䛖䛻ᡞ⡠䛾୍㝮䛻ṧ䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠗㻞㻤䠅䚹᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặไᗘ䛾ᑟධ䛜ᮅ㩭䛷ከ䛟䛾ᦶ᧿䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖஦ᐇ䛿䛭䜜䜋䛹㦫䛟䜉䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹౛䛘䜀䚸඗䛜㑅ᐃ䛧䛯Ặ䛻ྠព䛧䛺䛔ศᐙ䛧䛯ᘵ䛿඗䛸㐪䛖Ặ䜢㑅ᐃ䛷䛝䛯䛾䛷䚸䛔䜎䜔඗䛸ᘵ䛜ู䛾Ặ䜢ᣢ䛶䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䚸䛣䜜䛿ᮅ㩭䛾ጣไᗘ䛾䜒䛸䛷䛿⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䛣䛸䛰䛳䛯䚹୍᪉䚸ᮅ㩭ே䛾ᡞ⡠䛷ᮅ㩭ே䛾ጣ䛸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặ䛜ඹᏑ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ྠ໬䛸␗໬ᨻ⟇䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䜒ㄝ᫂䛷䛝䜛䚹᳜Ẹᨻᗓ䛜᪥ᮏఫẸ䛸ྠ୍䛾ᵓ㐀䛸Ặ䜢ᮅ㩭ఫẸ䛻ᣢ䛯䛫䛯䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛿䚸ᮅ㩭䜈䛾ྠ໬ᨻ⟇䛷䛒䜛䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸ᮏ⡠䛾ᙧែ䛷ᮅ㩭ே䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢㆑ูྍ⬟䛸䛩䜛ᨻ⟇䛿␗໬ᨻ⟇䛾ᆅⅬ䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹ᐇ㝿䛻䚸ᐙ᪘ἲ䛾௜ᒓἲ䛷䛒䜛ᡞ⡠ἲ䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䜈䛾ᐙไᗘ䛾⛣᳜䛻䛚䛔䛶㠀ᖖ䛻㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᅜ⡠ἲ䛺䛹䛭䛾௚䛾㌟ศἲ䛜㐺⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭ே䛻䛸䛳䛶䚸ᡞ⡠䛿䛒䜛ே䛾ἲⓗ䜰䜲䝕䞁䝔䜱䝔䜱䜢ド᫂䛩䜛၏୍䛾ไᗘ䛰䛳䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻠㻟㻣䠗Chen䠈㻝㻥㻤㻠䠖㻞㻠㻢䠗ᮔ⛃⃾䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䚹㻌᪥ᮏᘧ䛾㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛷䛒䜛፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛾ᑟධ䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䛸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘䜢⤫ྜ䛥䛫䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯ᖇᅜ୺⩏ᅜᐙ䛾ពᅗ䜢⾲䛩䜒䛖୍䛴䛾஦౛䛷䛒䜛䚹፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛸䛿䚸㣴∗ẕ䛾ፉ䛸⤖፧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷㣴∗ẕ䛾ᜥᏊ䛷䛒䜚፵䛸䛺䜛⊂≉䛺᪥ᮏᘧ㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛷䚸஧㔜䛾⤖ྜ䇷䛩䛺䜟䛱㣴Ꮚ䛸፧ጻ䇷䛷䛒䜚䚸ྠ䛨ᐙ᪘ෆ䛷䛾፧ጻ䛷䛒䜛ᡞෆ፧ጻ䛾チᐜ䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹ᡞෆ፧ጻ䛸䛿䚸␗ጣ䛾⪅䜢㣴Ꮚ䛸䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯␗ጣ୙㣴䛸㣴Ꮚ䜢ぶᏊ䛸䜏䛺䛩ᮅ㩭䛾ほⅬ䛷䛿䚸㏆ぶ┦ጮ䛻ᙜ䛯䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌䛧䛛䛧䚸ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺ไᗘ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸᪥ᮏ⏨ᛶ䛜ᮅ㩭ዪᛶ䛸⤖፧䛧ᮅ㩭ዪᛶ䛾ᡞ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛ሙྜ䚸䛭䛾⏨ᛶ䠄፵䠅䛿ᮅ㩭ዪᛶ䠄䜎䛯䛿ᙼዪ䛾∗䠅䛾Ặ䜢ᣢ䛴䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䚸ኵே䛾ᡞ⡠䛻ᒓ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䚸཯ᑐ䛻ᮅ㩭ዪᛶ䛜᪥ᮏ⏨ᛶ䛸፧ጻ䛧ኵ䛾ᐙ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛䛺䜙䚸ኵ䛾Ặ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛖䛧䛶䚸Ẹ᪘ⓗ䛺ᕪ␗䜔᰿䛜㞃䛥䜜䛶䚸ᮅ㩭ே䛸᪥ᮏே䛜୍య䛻䛺䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛰䟿㻌 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘୖ䚸ᐙ᪘䛿୍䛴䛾⤒῭༢఩䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿஦ᴗ༢఩䛸䛧䛶䛸䜙䛘䜙䜜䚸ᡞ୺䛿䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ᐙ᪘㈈⏘䛸ᐙ᪘஦ᴗ䜢䜘䛟⟶⌮䛧䚸⥅ᢎ䛩䜉䛝ᆅ఩䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛜ෆᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䛒䜛䠄Kondo䠈1990䠗Hamabata䠈1983䠅䚹ゝ䛖䜎䛷䜒䛺䛟䚸ྛẸ᪘♫఍䛷ጣ䛸Ặ䚸ධ㣴䛺䛹䛾ᶵ⬟䛿ྠ୍䛷䛿䛺䛔䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ᮅ㩭䛷ධ㣴䛸䛿ఱ䜘䜚∗⣔⥅ᢎⓗᐙ⣔䜢⥅ᢎ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛜୺┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ධ㣴䛸䛿ᐙ᪘஦ᴗ䛾⥅ᢎ䛻୺┠ⓗ䛜䛒䜚䚸䛣䛣䛷⾑⤫せ⣲䛿ᮅ㩭䛻ẚ䜉䛶䜋䛸䜣䛹ၥ㢟䛻䛺䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹㻌

㸱.ᮅ㩭ࡢ┦⥆ไᗘ࡜ࠕᡞ୺ไᗘࠖ
1㸧୕✀㢮ࡢ┦⥆࡜࠸࠺ゝㄝᮅ㩭䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛾ᕪ␗䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䜢㏻䛨䛶ḟ➨䛻↓ど䛥䜜䚸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾どゅ䛷ᮅ㩭័⩦䛜ᐃ╔䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䚹ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾┦⥆ไᗘ䛿⚍♭┦⥆䛸㈈⏘┦⥆䛾஧✀㢮䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䚸䛂ᐙ╩┦⥆䛃䛸501㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛜≉䛻Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛷䛿୕✀㢮䛾┦⥆ไᗘ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧᪥ᮏ䛿䚸᪥ᮏ┦⥆ไᗘ䛻ᚑ䛳䛶ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢ᩚ⌮䛧䚸㻝㻥㻝㻞ᖺ័⩦ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩䛚䜘䜃௨ᚋ┦⥆័⩦䛻㛵ಀ䛩䜛ྛ✀᭩⡠䛷䚸ᮅ㩭䛾┦⥆ไᗘ䛿⚍♭┦⥆䜢୰ᚰ䛻㈈⏘┦⥆䚸ᡞ୺┦⥆䛸䛔䛖୕✀㢮䛾┦⥆ไᗘ䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䛸ᩚ⌮䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚ᡞ୺┦⥆䛜䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛧䛶⛣᳜䛥䜜䚸ḟ➨䛻⚍♭┦⥆䛸㈈⏘┦⥆䛿䛂ᡞ୺┦⥆䛃䛾ୗ఩ᴫᛕ䛸䛧䛶⤫ྜ䛥䜜䛯䚹ḟ䛿୰ᯡ㝔ㄪᰝᒁ㈨ᩱ䛾୍㒊䛷䛒䜛䠄ᖺᗘᮍヲ䠅䚹㻌㻌ᮤᮅ䛾┦⥆ไ䛿♽ୖ䛾ዊ௙⪅䛷䛒䜛ᆅ఩䛾ᢎ⥅䜢୺┠ⓗ䛸䛧ᐙ㛗ᶒ䛺䛔䛧㈈⏘ᶒ䛾ᢎ⥅䜢ᚑ┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛┦⥆䛸㑇⏘䛾ᢎ⥅䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾஧✀㢮䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䛩䛷䛻ᡞ⡠௧䜒ᐇ᪋䛥䜜ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䜒௒䛿☜❧䛧䚸䛭䛾ᇶ♏䛜ሀᅛ䛸䛺䜚ᡞ୺䛾ᆅ఩䜢ḟ➨䛻㔜せど䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯⌧᫬䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿஌㔜䛿᪥ᮏẸἲ䛾ᐙ╩┦⥆ே䛾䜘䛖䛻ᡞ୺ᶒ䛾ᢎ⥅䜢୺┠ⓗ䛸䛧⚍♭ᶒ䛺䛔䛧㈈⏘ᶒ䛾ᢎ⥅䛿ᚑ┠ⓗ䛸䛧䚸䛭䛾୰䛻ྵ䜑䜛䜉䛝䛰䜝䛖䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣䠖㻞㻟㻡㻌 ෌ᘬ⏝䠅㻟㻞䚹㻌㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⚍♭┦⥆䛜ᮅ㩭䛾┦⥆ไᗘ䛷௜㝶ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛾䜘䛖䛻ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䜟䜜䚸⤖ᒁ㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ㻟᭶㻟᪥ᮅ㩭㧗➼ἲ㝔ุỴ䛻䜘䜚ἲⓗᐇయ䛷䛿䛺䛔㐨⩏ⓗ㈐௵䛸䛧䛶つᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻⚍♭┦⥆䜢ἲᚊእⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䛸つᐃ䛧䚸ᡞ୺┦⥆䛾䛂✀┠ⓗ䛻䛃ྜే䛧䛶䛔䛯䛾䛿䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛻䛚䛔䛶ᐇ䛻㔜኱䛺஦௳䛻䜋䛛䛺䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹⚍♭┦⥆䛣䛭ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾ᐙ᪘䛾ᵓ㐀ⓗ⥅ᢎ䛾୰ᯡ䛸ゝ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䠄ᮔ⛃⃾䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠗ᮤ┦᪫䚸㻝㻥㻤㻤䠖㻝㻝䠅䚹ୗグ䛾䜘䛖䛺ゝㄝ䛷䜒䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ╩┦⥆䠄ᡞ୺┦⥆䠅䜢ᇶ‽䛻ᮅ㩭䛾ᢎ㔜⪅䜢ศ㢮䛧䚸ゎ㔘䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹㻌㻌᪥ᮏẸἲ䛻つᐃ䛥䜜䛯ᐙ╩┦⥆䛷䛿䚸ἲᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䚸᥎ᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䚸㑅ᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䛾୕✀䛜䛒䜛䛾䛿䛩䛷䛻๓㏙䛧䛯㏻䜚䛰䛜䚸㡑ᅜ䛷䛿䚸ྡ⛠䛿䛣䛸䛺䜛䛜䛭䛾ᐇ㉁䛛䜙ほᐹ䛩䜜䜀ከᑡ䛣䜜䛸㶽ఝ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛜䛒䜛䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱ᚋ㏙䛩䜛ἲᐃ䛾᥎ᐃᢎ㔜⪅䚸䛩䛺䜟䛱ᎠᏊ䛿᪥ᮏẸἲ䛾ἲᐃ᥎ᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䛸㶽ఝ䛧䚸䜎䛯᐀Ꮚ䛾㑇ゝ䛻䜘䜛Ṛᚋ㣴Ꮚ䛿ᣦᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䛸㶽ఝ䛧䚸᐀Ꮚ䛾Ṛஸᚋ䛾㑇ጔ䛭䛾௚ぶ᪘䛜㑅ᐃ䛩䜛Ṛᚋ㣴Ꮚ䛿㑅ᐃᐙ╩┦⥆ே䛸㶽ఝ䛩䜛䠄୰ᯡ㝔ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ䚸㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻣㻢䠖㻞㻟㻡㻌 ෌ᘬ⏝䠅䚹㻌㻌ᮅ㩭䛾ᢎ㔜⪅䠄⚍♭┦⥆⪅䠅䛜ᣦᐃ䛥䜜䜛᪉ἲ䛻㛵ᚰ䜢䜒䛳䛯䛣䛾ゝㄝ䛷䚸⚍♭⥅ᢎ⪅䛸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ╩┦⥆⪅䛿䛂ᐇ㉁䛃䛻䛚䛔䛶㢮ఝ䛩䜛䛸㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾㐣⛬䛷ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛿⮬↛䛻䛂ᐙ╩┦⥆⪅䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䚸䛭䛾ᕪ␗䛾ၥ㢟䛿ᤞ㇟䛥䜜䛯䚹㻌㻌
2㸧ᐙไᗘࡢᡞ୺࡜ᮅ㩭ࡢᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄽ⌮䛷䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䜢㏻䛨䛶ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘୖ䛾᐀Ꮚ䚸᐀Ꮮ䚸ᢎ㔜䛸䛔䛖ᆅ఩䛜ᡞ୺ᆅ఩䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ゎ㔘䛥䜜䚸ྠ୍ど䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹䛭䜜䛷䛿᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䚸䛥䜙䛻䛿⌧௦㡑ᅜ♫఍䛷ᗈ䛟ཷ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻞㻌 䛣䛾㈨ᩱ䛿㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ䛻ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䛄Ẹ஦័⩦ᅇ⟅ᙡ㞟䛅䛾Ⓨห௨ᚋ䛾㻝㻥㻟㻟ᖺ䛛䜙㻝㻥㻠㻡ᖺ䛻ᮅ㩭⥲╩ᗓ୰ᯡ㝔ㄪᰝㄢㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ䛻ᡤⶶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯㈨ᩱ䛾୍㒊䛷䚸㒯ග㕷ᩍᤵ䛜◊✲ဨ䠄㻝㻥㻠㻠㻙㻝㻥㻠㻢䠅䛸䛧䛶໅ົ䛧䛺䛜䜙ཎᮏ䜢➹෗䛧䚸⌧௦ㄒ䠄䝝䞁䜾䝹䠅ヂ䛧䛶Ⓨ⾲䛧䛯䜒䛾䚹ヱᙜㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ䛾኱㒊ศ䛿䛄ྖἲ༠఍㞧ㄅ䛅䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸ྠㄅ䛻Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䚹㻌502㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

䛡ධ䜜䜙䜜䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸䛂ᡞ୺䛃䛸ᮅ㩭᫬௦ᐙ᪘䛾ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛿኱య䛻䛚䛔䛶ྠ୍䛾䜒䛾䛺䛾䛛䚹䛣䛾ၥ㢟䛿୧ᅜᐙ䛾ᐙ᪘䛸Ṕྐ䛾⌮ゎ䛻䛚䛔䛶㠀ᖖ䛻㔜せ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸䛣䛾ၥ㢟䜢䛭䜜䜋䛹῝้䛻⪃䛘䛶䛣䛺䛛䛳䛯䜘䛖䛰䚹஧䛴䛾ᆅ఩䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛺⌮⏤䛷␗䛺䜛䚹㻌➨୍䛻䚸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘௦⾲䠄᐀Ꮚ䚸᐀Ꮮ䚸ᢎ㔜䠅䛜ᣢ䛴ᶒጾ䛾※Ἠ䛿♽ඛ㞟ᅋ䛻䛒䛳䛯୍᪉䛷䚸ᡞ୺䛿ᅜᐙ䛜ᢎㄆ䛩䜛᭩㢮ୖ䛾ᆅ఩䛰䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷ᅜᐙ䛜ㄆ䜑䜛ᐙ∗㛗ᶒ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᅜᐙ䛛䜙௜୚䛥䜜䛯ᆅ఩䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚ᡞ୺ᶒ䛻క䛖ᐙ╩䛻䛿ᐙ᪘䜈䛾ἲⓗᢇ㣴⩏ົ䚸ᐙ⏘䛾༨᭷ᶒ䚸ᐙ╩ᶒ䛺䛹ᙧᘧⓗ䛷ἲⓗ䛺ᶒ฼䛸⩏ົ䜢క䛖䠄ᮔ⛃⃾䚸㻝㻥㻥㻞䠖㻝㻜㻙㻝㻝䠅䚹㻌➨஧䛻䚸᐀Ꮚ䚸᐀Ꮮ䚸ᢎ㔜䛾ᙺ๭䛿䚸ఱ䜘䜚䜒♽ඛ䛾ዊ♭䛻䛒䛳䛯䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸ᡞ୺䛾ᆅ఩䛾᰾ᚰⓗᙺ๭䛿⚍♭䛷䛿䛺䛟⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃䚸≉䛻ᐙ᪘㈈⏘䛾ຠ⋡ⓗ㐠Ⴀ䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䛣䜜䜙䛾୰ᚰⓗᙺ๭䛻㛵䛧䛶䚸๓⪅䛾ᆅ఩䛿♽ඛ䛾⾑䜢⥅ᢎ䛧䛶䛔䜛⪅䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛜䛭䛾㑅ᐃ䛻䛚䛔䛶᰾ᚰ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛩䜜䜀䚸ᚋ⪅䛿⾑⤫䛸䛒䜛⛬ᗘ↓㛵ಀ䛷䜒䛒䜚䛖䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛿㔜せ䛺㐪䛔䛷䛒䜛䚹㛵㐃䛧䛶䚸᐀Ꮚ䚸᐀Ꮮ䚸ᢎ㔜䜢Ṛ䜣䛰♽ඛ䛾䛂㢌䛃䛸ぢ䜛䛾䛿㐺ᙜ䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛾ᶒጾ䛿♽ඛ䛛䜙ᑟ䛝ฟ䛥䜜䛶⌧ᅾ䛻⮳䜛䜒䛾䛷䚸♽ඛ䛾ᏊᏞ䛾௦⾲⪅䛸䛧䛶᐀Ꮚ䚸᐀Ꮮ䚸ᢎ㔜䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯䚹㻌➨୕䛻䚸䛒䜛ᐙ㛛䛾௦䜢⥅䛠᐀Ꮮ䛸䛿䚸᐀ᐙ䛷ᮏጔ䛛䜙⏕䜎䜜䛯⏨Ꮚ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䚸඗ᘵ㡰఩ୖ୍␒ୖ
䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䚸Ꭰ㛗Ꮚ䛜䛺䛔ሙྜ䛻䛿ᑍᩘ䠄ぶ᪘㛵ಀ䛾㐲㏆䠅䛚䜘䜃ୡ௦䜢⪃៖䛧䛶㣴Ꮚ䜢㑅ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸ぶ᪘ཎ⌮䛻䜘䛳䛶Ỵᐃ䛥䜜䚸ಶேⓗ䛺せ௳䛸䜋䜌㛵ಀ䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹୍᪉䛷᪥ᮏᘧᐙไᗘ䛷ᡞ୺䛿⾑⤫㛵ಀ䛸䛒䜛⛬ᗘ↓㛵ಀ䛰䛳䛯䚹䜒䛱䜝䜣ἲᐃᡞ୺ᢎ⥅⪅䛿䚸ἲ䛷䛭䛾⥅ᢎ㡰఩䛜ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛜䚸፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛚䜘䜃ᗫᎠไᗘ䛾䜘䛖䛻㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䜛ሙྜ䚸䛒䜛ே䛜ᡞ୺䛸䛧䛶㐺ྜ䛩䜛䛛㑅ᢥ䛷䛝䜛⪃៖䛾వᆅ䛜䛒䛳䛯㻟㻟䚹㻌᭱ᚋ䛻䚸஧䛴䛾ᆅ఩䛜௦⾲䛩䜛ᐙ᪘つᶍ䛾㠃䛷䜒㠀ᖖ䛻␗䛺䜛䚹ୖ䛷㏙䜉䛯ཝ᱁䛺ᇶ‽䛻䜘䛳䛶㑅ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䜉䛝᐀Ꮮ䚸᐀Ꮚ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᢎ㔜䛸䛔䛖ᆅ఩䛿䚸ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒㻡௦๓䛾ඛ♽䛷䛒䜛㧗♽∗ẕ䛛䜙ᗈ䛜䛳䛯㛛୰䛸䛔䛖ྠ᪘㞟ᅋ䛾௦⾲⪅䛰䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹ᚑ䛳䛶䚸඗ᘵ㛫䛻䜒ศᐙ䛜チᐜ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ᡞ୺䛻䜘䛳䛶⦅ไ䛥䜜䜛ᐙ᪘䜘䜚䚸䛭䛾つᶍ䛜䛿䜛䛛䛻኱䛝䛔䚹ዊ♭⪅䛾ᚲせᛶ䜒⌮ᛕᆺⓗ䛻䜏䜛ሙྜ䚸㻡ୡ௦䛾ᆅᅗ䛛䜙ぢ䛯᐀ᐙ䛾⥅ᢎၥ㢟䛻ᅽ⦰䛷䛝䜛䚹௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛺㐪䛔䛿๓䛻ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛻䛚䛡䜛♽ඛ䛾ዊ♭䚸ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎཎ⌮䛾ἲ๎ᛶ䚸㐣ཤᚿྥᛶ䛺䛹䛸⥭ᐦ䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶䛔䜛㻟㻠䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻␗䛺䛳䛯஧䛴䛾ᆅ఩䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾㛫䛾䛂ẚ㍑䛃䜢㏻䛨䛶䚸ᡞ୺ᶒ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙⿢᩿䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿኱ኚ㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䚹␗䛺䜛஧䛴䛾ᆅ఩䛾㐪䛔䛜↓ど䛥䜜䚸㡑ᅜ䛾ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛾ᆅ఩䛜ᐙไᗘୖ䛾ᡞ୺䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙⿢᩿䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛾ព࿡䛸⤖ᯝ䜢⪃䛘䛶䜏䜘䛖䚹㻌୍౛䛸䛧䛶䚸᪥ᮏᪧẸἲୖㄆᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ᗫᎠไᗘ䠄᪥ᮏᪧẸἲ➨㻥㻣㻜᮲䠅䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷䛿⚗Ṇ䛥䜜䛯䚹ᗫᎠ䛸䛿ἲⓗ䛻㛗Ꮚ䚸ḟᏊ䛺䛹䛾㡰఩䛻䜘䜚ᡞ୺⥅ᢎ⪅䛾ᆅ఩䛻䛒䜛ே䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⌧ᅾ䛾ᡞ୺䛜䛭䛾୙㐺ྜᛶ䇷↓⬟ຊ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛛䚸⌧ᡞ୺䛻୙㐯䛷䛒䜛䛺䛹䇷䜢⌮⏤䛻⥅ᢎ⪅䛾ᆅ఩䜢๤ዣ䛷䛝䜛ไᗘ䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾ไᗘ䛿⌧ᡞ୺䛻ḟ䛾ᡞ୺㑅ᐃ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾୍ᐃ䛾ᶒ㝈䜢୚䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸⌧ᡞ୺䛾ᶒጾ䜢୍ᒙᙉ໬䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䜒䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸ྠ᫬䛻ㄡ䜢ᡞ୺䛸䛩䜛䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶ྛᐙ䠄䜲䜶䠅䛻୍ᐃ䛾⼥㏻ᛶ
㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻟㻌 ᗫᎠ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᚋ㏙ཧ↷䚹㻌㻌 䜘䜚ヲ⣽䛺஦㡯䛿ᱱ㕷ፑ䠷䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䇷᳜Ẹᆅ㑇⏘䛾୰䛻㞃䜜䜛ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛃䛄ዪᛶ䛸♫఍䛅㻝㻜ྕ䠹䜢ཧ↷䛩䜛䛣䛸䚹㻌

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᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌䜢୚䛘䜛ไᗘ䛷䜒䛒䛳䛯䚹䛸䛣䜝䛜᪥ᮏ䛷䛿ㄆᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ᗫᎠไᗘ䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷䛿ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛂ᮅ㩭䛷䛿ᡞ୺ᢎ⥅⪅䛜䛹䜣䛺䛻↓⬟䛷୙㐯䛰䛸䛧䛶䜒䚸⥅ᢎ䛛䜙㝖እ䛥䛫䜛័⩦䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䛃䛸䛔䛖⌮⏤䛛䜙䛰䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ゎ㔘䛿ல⣽䛺䜘䛖䛰䛜ᵝ䚻䛺ព࿡䛜䛒䜛䚹㻌ୖ䛾ゝ᫂䛷䛾䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛿䚸䛒䜛ᐙ㛛䛾⣔⤫䜢⥅䛠⥅ᢎ⪅䠄㛗Ꮚ䚸䜎䛯䛿ᢎ㔜䠅䛻㛵䛩䜛័⩦䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛸ྠ᫬䛻䚸䛭䛾ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛜䛯䛰䛱䛻䛂ᡞ୺䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛣䛷ᡃ䚻䛿᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛷ᐙไᗘୖ䛾ᡞ୺䛜ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾∗⣔⥅ᢎཎ⌮䛻䜘䛳䛶⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢Ⓨぢ䛩䜛䚹䛣䛾ሙྜ䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛔䛖グྕ䛿䚸ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛸䛔䛖≉ᐃ䛾✵㛫䛸᫬㛫䜢㉺䛘䛯ఱ䛛䛸䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾ព࿡䛜෾⤖䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ◊✲䛜♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸ᐙ᪘䛿ᙜ᫬䛾♫఍ⓗᩥ⬦䇷ᨻ἞ไᗘ䚸⤒῭ไᗘ䚸㌟ศᵓ㐀䚸⤫἞⌮ᛕ䛺䛹䇷䛾୰䛷ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾ୖ㻡㻜㻜ᖺ௨ୖ䛾Ṕྐ䛾୰䛷ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛷䜒᫬ᮇ䛻䜘䜚䚸㌟ศ䛸ᆅᇦ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᐙ᪘⏕ά䛾ከᵝ䛺䝟䝍䞊䞁䛜⌧䜜䛯䚹䛭䜜䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪᫬㛫ⓗ䚸㌟ศⓗ䚸ᆅᇦⓗ೫ᕪ䛿↓ど䛧䚸䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛃䛸䛔䛖⏝ㄒ䛷䜂䛸䛟䛟䜚䛻䛩䜛᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦䛾ㄒἲ䛿䚸ᮅ㩭᫬௦䜢㟼ែⓗ䛷୍ḟඖⓗ䛺᫬㛫䛸䛧䛶෾⤖䛥䛫䜛䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯䚹㻌䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᪉ἲ䛷ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜢☜ᐃ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛻䛚䛔䛶ᡞ୺⥅ᢎ䛾⚗Ṇ䚸ᨺᲠ䚸䛭䛧䛶㑅ᢥ䛜඲䛶୙ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙ᮅ㩭䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿᪥ᮏ䜘䜚୍ᒙᚭᗏ䛧䛶౛እ䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䚹୍౛䛸䛧䛶䚸㻝㻥㻝㻠ᖺ㻝㻝᭶ᨻົ⥲┘䛾ㄯヰ䛷䛿䚸䛂ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛷䛿㛗⏨䛜ᬯហ䛷ᐙ䜢ᢎ⥅䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜୙㐺ྜ䛺ሙྜ䛸䛿ゝ䛘䚸⿕┦⥆ே䛾ពᛮ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛣䜜䜢┦⥆ே䛛䜙ᗫᎠ䛧䚸ḟ⏨䜎䛯䛿୕⏨䛻┦⥆䛥䛫䜙䜜䛺䛔䛃䛸㏙䜉䚸㻝㻥㻝㻡ᖺ䛾Ẹ⡠஦ົྲྀᢅ䛔䛻㛵䛩䜛ᐁ㏻∭䛷䜒䛂ᐇᏊ䠄㣴Ꮚ䛷䛿䛺䛔ᐇ䛾Ꮚ䠅䛷䛒䜛┦⥆ேᗫᎠ䛾⏦࿌䛿䛣䜜䜢ཷㅙ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛃䛸☜ᐃ䛥䛫䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䜜௨㝆᳜Ẹᆅ㧗఩ᐁྣ䛾ㄯヰ䛷䜒ྠ䛨ぢゎ䛜⧞䜚㏉䛧☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛㻟㻡䚹㻌䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ᮅ㩭䛷䛿Ꭰ㛗Ꮚ䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾௚ἲᚊ䛜ᐃ䜑䜛᥎ᐃᡞ୺ᢎ⥅㡰఩䛻䛒䜛⪅䛷䛿䛺䛔௚䛾᪉ἲ䛾ᡞ୺⥅ᢎ䛿䚸ᡞ⡠஦ົ䛷ཷ䛡௜䛡䜙䜜䛺䛟䛺䜚䚸ᗫᎠ䛸䛔䛖தⅬ⮬య䛜඲䛟Ⓩሙ䛧䛺䛟䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䜈䛾᪥ᮏᅜᐙ䛾ᙉຊ䛺௓ධ䜢ព࿡䛧䚸౛እⓗᡞ୺⥅ᢎ䜢ㄆ䜑䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛷䚸ᮅ㩭䛷ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ䛾ཎ⌮䛻ᚑ䛳䛶౛እ䛺䛟ᚭᗏ䛧䛶㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䛯䛰䜝䛖䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䜢᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘័⩦䛜ᚭᗏ䛧䛶⏨ᛶ୰ᚰⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶ἲไ໬䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿䚸ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛿᪥ᮏ䛸ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦୧᪉䛾ඹ㏻ศẕ䛸䛧䛶䚸᢬ᢠ䛺䛟⛣᳜䛥䜜⥅ᢎ䛥䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䜢ᣦ᦬䛷䛝䜛䚹䜎䛯䛣䛣䛻䛿ᙜ᫬᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䜢௦⾲䛧䛶䛔䛯ᮅ㩭䛾ᅵ╔ໃຊ䛾ᛶ᱁䛸䚸⬺᳜Ẹ௨㝆኱㡑Ẹᅜ䜢ᶞ❧䛧ᅜᐙ䜢௦⾲䛧䛶䛔䛯ໃຊ䛾ᛶ᱁䜒㔜せ䛷䛒䜛㻟㻢䚹㻌๓䛻ゝཬ䛧䛯㏻䜚䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛿㣴Ꮚ䚸ጣẶ䚸⤖፧䚸㈈⏘┦⥆䛾䜘䛖䛺䛥䜎䛦䜎䛺ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛜᭷ᶵⓗ䛻⤖䜃䛴䛔䛶䛔䛯䚹౛䛘䜀᪥ᮏ䛾፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛿㣴Ꮚ䜢䜎䛥䛻፵䛸䛧䛶ᢅ䛖䛣䛸䛷㣴∗ẕ䛸㣴Ꮚ㛫䛾㛵ಀ䜢☜ᅛ䛯䜛䜒䛾䛸䛧䚸፵㣴Ꮚ䛻ᡞ୺䜢⥅ᢎ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛿ፉ䛾ᏊᏞ䛻ᡞ୺䛾ᆅ఩䜢⥅ᢎ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䚹⤖ᯝⓗ䛻ፉ䛧䛛䛔䛺䛔ᐙ䛾ᡞ୺⥅ᢎ䜢Ᏻᐃ໬䛥䛫䜛䛸䛔䛖௙⤌䜏䛷䛒䜛䚹፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䜔ᗫᎠไᗘ䛛䜙䜟䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘୖᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿┦ᙜ⛬ᗘ䛾⼥㏻㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻡㻌 䛣䛾㈨ᩱ䛿᳜Ẹᆅᙜ᫬୰ᯡ㝔䛜ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䛯᥎ᐃ⚍♭┦⥆ே䛾ᗫᎠ䛻㛵䛩䜛័⩦㈨ᩱ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹㒯ග㕷ᩍᤵ䛜⌧௦ㄒ䠄䝝䞁䜾䝹䠅ヂ䛧䛯䛣䛾㈨ᩱ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸ᮅ㩭᫬௦䛾⚍♭┦⥆ၥ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᪥ᮏே䛾ㄝ᫂䛸ゎ㔘䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙ᪘䜢ほᛕ䛩䜛ᴫᛕ䛜ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠄㒯ග㕷䚸㻝㻥㻢㻣㻦㻌㻞㻟㻞㻙㻞㻡㻠䠅䚹㻌㻟㻢㻌 ㈨ᩱ䛾ᮍഛ䛻䜘䜚᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇᮅ㩭䛾୧⌜⏨ᛶᨭ㓄ໃຊ䛜ᐙ∗㛗ⓗ័⩦Ỵᐃ䛻ཬ䜌䛧䛯ᙳ㡪䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䛾䛿ᮏ✏䛾㝈⏺䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌504㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

ᛶ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸Ꭰ㛗Ꮚ䛻䜘䜛ᡞ୺⥅ᢎ௨እ䛾㑅ᢥ䛸௦᱌䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸㡑ᅜ䛷᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛻⛣᳜䛥䜜䛯඲䛶䛾ไᗘ䛜ᣢ⥆䛧䛯䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹᪥ᮏᘧ䛾Ặไᗘ䛿㻝㻥㻠㻢ᖺ⬺᳜Ẹᚋ┤䛱䛻ᗫṆ䛥䜜䚸␗ጣ୙㣴䛾ᩥ໬䛜ᙉ䛛䛳䛯㡑ᅜ䛷፵㣴Ꮚไᗘ䛿㻝㻥㻠㻥ᖺ䛻ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䜜䛸䛸䜒䛻㡑ᅜ䛷ዪᡞ୺䛾ᆅ఩䛿ᮍ፧䛾ፉ䛾ᡞ୺ᆅ఩䛻ぢ䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻ᬻᐃⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛸኱㡑Ẹᅜ䛷䛿᪥ᮏᘧẶไᗘ䛾䛺䛔ᡞ୺ไᗘ䚸ዪᛶᡞ୺ไᗘ䛜෇⁥䛷䛿䛺䛔䚸㡹ᙉ䛺㛗⏨ᢎ⥅ไᗘ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛻෌⦅䛥䜜䛯䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹㛗Ꮚ䛻䜘䜛ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎไᗘ䛾ኚዌ᭤䛷䛒䜛ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿䚸䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛧䛶᰿῝䛟఩⨨䛧䛶䛝䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹᪥ᮏᘧᐙ᪘ไᗘ඲య䜢㍺ධ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䛿䚸ᮅ㩭ᘧᐙ㛗ไᗘ䛾ᘏ㛗䛾䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛸䚸ᅜᐙ䛾❧ሙ䛛䜙ᡞ⡠බ⡙䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛾䛻ᚲせ୙ྍḞ䛰䛳䛯ไᗘ䛜⛣᳜䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿ᮅ㩭䛛䜙⥆䛟ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎไᗘ䛾ㄽ⌮䛻䚸᪥ᮏᘧ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛜䛂╔✀䛃䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛰䛸ゝ䜟䛽䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䚹㻌䛭䜜䛿᪥ᮏᅜᐙ䛾ᮅ㩭ேᨭ㓄䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ᮅ㩭ே䛾ᐙ∗㛗ⓗ䛂័⩦䛃䛾ᑛ㔜䛾⤖ᯝ≀䛷䛒䜛䚹౛䛘䜀䚸ᮅ㩭᫬௦ᚋᮇ䚸୺䛻୧⌜㝵ᒙᐙ᪘䛾⾑⤫䛻❧⬮䛧䛯ཝ᱁䛺ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎㄽ⌮䛜䚸䛣䛾᫬ᡞ⡠䜢༢఩䛸䛧䛯඲䛶䛾ᑠつᶍᐙ᪘䛾ㄽ⌮䛸ేྜ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䚸⌧௦㡑ᅜ䛷୍䛴䛾ᡞ⡠䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛඲䛶䛾ᑠつᶍᐙ᪘䛜䚸䛒䛯䛛䜒⥅ᢎ䛩䜉䛝୍䛴䛾⣔⤫䜢䜒䛴䛛䛾䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱⌧௦♫఍䜢⏕䛝䜛඲䛶䛾ᐙᗞ䛜䛂௦䛃䜢⥅䛜䛽䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖ᙜⅭ䜢ᢸ䛔䚸䛣䛾䛣䛸䛜䛔䜟䜖䜛㏆௦ἲ䛾ἲⓗせồ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䚹᪥ᮏ᳜Ẹ୺⩏䜢⤒䛯㡑ᅜ䛾ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛷䚸Ꭰ㛗Ꮚ䛻䜘䜛ᡞ୺䛰䛡䜢䛂ṇᖖ䛃䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛳䛯䛯䜑䛻䚸ᜥᏊ䛾ᚲせᛶ䛿௒䛷䛿඲ᅜẸ䛾䚸඲䛶䛾ᑠつᶍᐙ᪘䛾ἲⓗᚲせᛶ䛸䛧䛶఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䛯䚹ୖ䛷㆟ㄽ䛧䛯᐀Ꮚ䛒䜛䛔䛿ᢎ㔜䛸䛔䛖ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ⪅䛾ᚲせᛶ䛿䚸䛚䜘䛭୍䛴䛾㛛୰ෆ䛻䛒䜛ᮏᐙ䛾ᚲせ䛸䛔䛖䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸♽ඛዊ♭䛾䛯䜑䛾≀㉁ⓗ䞉ᩥ໬ⓗ㈨※䜢ᣢ䛳䛯୧⌜㝵ᒙ䛾㛵ᚰ஦䛰䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸⌧௦㡑ᅜ♫఍䛷䛿඲䛶䛾ᑠつᶍᡞ䛜ᮅ㩭䛾୧⌜ᐙ⣔䛷䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ᚲ䛪Ꭰ㛗Ꮚ䛾ฟ ⏘ 䜢 ᙉ ⾜ 䛧 䛯 䚹 䛣 䛾 䜘 䛖 䛻 ඘ ㊊ ୙ ྍ ⬟ 䛺 ཎ ๎ 䛜 䝫 䝇 䝖 䝁 䝻 䝙 䜰 䝹 䛾 ኱ 㡑 Ẹ ᅜ 䛷 䜎 䛥 䛻 㻢㻜 ᖺ 㛫䠄㻝㻥㻠㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻡䠅⾜䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䛿䚸ከ䛟䛾↓⌮䜢⏘䜐䜒䛾䛰䛳䛯䚹≉䛻䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺Ṕྐⓗ㔜Ⲵ䛿୺䛻⏨Ꮚ䜢ฟ⏘䛩䜛䛯䜑ṑ䜢㣗䛔䛧䜀䛳䛶䛝䛯ዪᛶ䛻䚸ᙼዪ䛯䛱䛾ᒅ㎯䛸ⱞ③䚸䛭䛧䛶㌟య䛻ຍ䛘䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯⹢ᚅ䛸ᏊᏲປാ䛾⑂䜜䛻㌿᎑䛥䜜䛯䚹㡑ᅜ䛾⏨ᛶ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦ䛻⦡䜚௜䛡䜙䜜䛯ዪᛶ䛿䚸䛣䛖䛧䛯᳜Ẹᆅఏ⤫䛾୰䛷⏕䛝䛶䛝䛯䚹㻌Ϭ.⤖ㄽ௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛻㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿᪥ᮏᘧᐙไᗘ䛾୍㒊䜢ྲྀ䛳䛶䚸䛭䛾୰䛷ᐙ䜘䜚䛿䜛䛛䛻つᶍ䛜኱䛝䛺ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ᪘䚸≉䛻㛛୰䛸䛔䛖ぶ᪘༢఩䜢ᛮ⪃䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛ወጁ䛺ไᗘ䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯䚹つᶍ䛾ၥ㢟䛸䛸䜒䛻␗䛺䜛᫬✵㛫䛷ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䜢ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛾ᯟෆ䛻㓄⨨䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸⮬య䛜㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛾᫬௦㘒ㄗᛶ䜢≀ㄒ䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛷ᐙไᗘ䛿➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᩋᡓ௨ᚋᨵṇ䛥䜜䛯᪂Ẹἲ䛷ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯䛜䚸㡑ᅜ䛷ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿∗⣔ጣ䠋ᮏ୺⩏䚸∗⣔ᡞ⡠⦅ไ䚸㛗Ꮚ䛾ᨺᲠ䛚䜘䜃ᗫᎠ䛜⚗Ṇ

505㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌䛥䜜䜛䚸ཝ᱁䛻⾑⤫ⓗ䛺ィ⟬᪉ᘧ䛻䜘䛳䛶㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䛯⤯ᑐⓗἲᐃ┦⥆୺⩏䛜⥅⥆䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛜 㻟㻣 䚸㻞㻜㻜㻡ᖺ䛻ᗫṆ䛜☜ᐃ䛧䚸㻞㻜㻜㻤ᖺ㻝᭶㻝᪥䛻ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚㡑ᅜ䛷ἲไᗘ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛿䜋䜌㻝㻜㻜ᖺ䛾Ṕྐ䜢䜒䛴䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹㻌ᮏ✏䛿᪥ᮏ᳜Ẹ୺⩏䛜᳜Ẹᆅᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛻ཬ䜌䛧䛯ᙳ㡪䛸䚸ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾෌ᵓᡂ䛸䛔䛖஧䛴䛾୺㢟䜢┦஫䛻஺ᕪ䛥䛫䛺䛜䜙ㄽ䛨䛯䚹≉䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛾ᐙไᗘ䛾ᑟධ䜢ጣẶ䚸ᡞ⡠䚸㣴Ꮚไᗘ䜢㏻䛧䛶᳨ウ䛧䚸ᡞ୺ไᗘ䛾⛣᳜䛸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䛸䛾㘒⥈䛾⌧㇟䜢ศᯒ䛧䛯䚹䛭䜜䛷䛿ᮏ✏䛾䝯䝑䝉䞊䝆䜢䛔䛟䛴䛛せ⣙䛧䛶䜏䜘䛖䛸ᛮ䛖䚹㻌➨୍䛻䚸᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ䛾ᐙ᪘័⩦䛾ᐃ╔䛿䚸䛂ṍ᭤䛃䛸䛔䛖ᴫᛕ䛷䛿ຊ୙㊊䛺䚸ṍ᭤௨ୖ䛾ఱ䛛䛷䛒䜛
Ⅼ䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷ᮅ㩭䛾ᩥ໬䛻ཬ䜌䛧䛯᳜Ẹᆅ䛾ᙳ㡪䛿䚸▱㆑⏕⏘䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹๓䛷᳨ウ䛧䛯㏻䜚䚸䛭䛾䛣䛸䛿័⩦䛾ྡ௜䛡䚸య⣔໬䚸ศ㢮䛻୚䛘䛯✚ᴟⓗ㐣⛬䛰䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷䛣䜜䜢ඞ᭹䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛿┿ṇ䛺䜛ఏ⤫䛾ᅇ᚟䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸᪤Ꮡ▱㆑䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᳜Ẹᆅ䛾ᙳ㡪䛾ゎయ䛸䚸⌧ᅾ䛾♫఍䛾ᩥ⬦䛻ྜ䛖ᩥ໬䛾෌⏕⏘䛻䛒䜛䚹ᚲせ䛺䛣䛸䛿䚸┿ṇ䛺ఏ⤫䛾ᅇ᚟䛷䛿䛺䛟⌧ᅾ䛾ఏ⤫䛜ᇶ┙䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛෾⤖䛥䜜䛯ᩥ໬୺⩏䜢䜑䚸௒䜎䛷▱䜙䜜䛶䛝䛯䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛒䜛䛔䛿䛂័⩦䛃䜢⌧ᅾ䛾ᩥ⬦䛾୰䛻఩⨨䛵䛡䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌➨஧䛻䚸័⩦䛸ఏ⤫䛻ෆᅾ䛩䜛ᶒຊ㛵ಀ䜈䛾ឤཷᛶ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾䛣䛸䛿≉ᐃ䛾㝵ᒙⓗ䞉ᛶูⓗ䞉ᅜᐙⓗ฼ᐖ㛵ಀ䛾ୖ䛷ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䚸䛒䜛༢୍䛾䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛔䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᣦ᦬䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾ṔྐᏛⓗ◊✲䛾Ẹ᪘୺⩏どゅ䜈䛾ᢈุ䛻䛒䛯䜛䚹Ẹ᪘䛾୰䛻䜒ከᵝ䛺఩⨨䛸␗䛺䜛ᛶู䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䚸᳜Ẹᆅ㑇⏘䛾ᢈุ䛿༢䛻᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䛺䛟ᅜෆⓗ䛺䚸䛩䛺䜟䛱ෆ㒊䜈ྥ䛛䛖ᢈุ䛸┬ᐹ䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛷Ẹ᪘୺⩏᳜Ẹ୺⩏ྐほ䜢㉸䛘䜛䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝸䝈䝮䜈䛾㛵ᚰ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䚹㻌➨୕䛻䚸䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿༢䛻䛂ዪᛶ䛃䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊㛵ಀ䛛䜙ぢ䛯᪂䛧䛔Ṕྐグ㏙䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛䚹⯆࿡῝䛔䛾䛿䚸ᮏ✏䛷ᢅ䛖ᐙ᪘ἲ䛻ཬ䜌䛧䛯᳜Ẹᆅ䛾ᙳ㡪䛿䚸Ẹ᪘୺⩏ṔྐᏛ䜔ἲྐᏛ䛷䛿䛺䛟䚸䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊㛫䛾㛵ಀ䜢ศᯒ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䝣䜵䝭䝙䝇䝖◊✲䛻䜘䛳䛶䜘䛟⾲䜜䛯䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛿䛂ୗ䛛䜙䛾Ṕྐ䛃ឤཷᛶ䜢䜒䛴どゅ䛷䛒䜚䚸Ẹ᪘䛸ᅜᐙ䛾ᯟ䜢㉺䛘䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䜛ᢈุゝㄝ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᮏ✏䛷䛿䝫䝇䝖䝁䝻䝙䜰䝹䞉䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛜ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䚸᳜Ẹ୺⩏䜢ᢈุ䛩䜛どゅ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶ἲ䛸Ṕྐ䚸ᩥ໬䜢᭩䛝┤䛩䛣䛸䛸䛺䜛᪉ἲㄽ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛯䚹㻌௨ୖ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᮏ✏䛿᪤Ꮡ䛾᳜Ẹᆅἲไ◊✲䛻ᑐ䛩䜛୍✀䛾䝟䝷䝎䜲䝮䠄paradigm䠅ኚ໬䜢㏣ồ䛧䛯䚹୙༑ศ䛺ヨ䜏䛰䛜䚸௒ᚋ䛣䛖䛧䛯◊✲䛻ඹឤ䛩䜛ከ䛟䛾◊✲䛜ฟ䜛䛣䛸䜢ᮇᚅ䛩䜛䚹㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻣㻌 ⤯ᑐⓗἲᐃ┦⥆୺⩏䛿㻝㻥㻤㻥ᖺ➨୕ḟᐙ᪘ἲᨵṇ䜎䛷⥅⥆䛧䛯䛜䚸㻝㻥㻤㻥ᖺ௨㝆㻞㻜㻜㻤ᖺ䜎䛷ἲᐃᡞ୺䛻䜘䜛ᡞ୺ᢎ⥅ᨺᲠ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹㻌506㻌

➨㻠㒊㻌 ே䛾⛣ື䛸ዪᛶ㻌➨㻞❶㻌 ዪᛶ䛾♫఍㐍ฟ䛾᪥㡑┦஫ẚ㍑㻌

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ጧᑦ୰䠄㻝㻥㻥㻢䠅䛄䜸䝸䜶䞁䝍䝸䝈䝮䛾ᙼ᪉䜈䇷㏆௦ᩥ໬ᢈุ䛅ᒾἼ᭩ᗑ䠄㡑ᅜㄒヂ䠖ṫ㌗㭧䠄㧊ἓ▫㻌 㻧㻌 㧚㎇⳾㻌 䠷Ὃ䠹㢄ₖ䠅䠄㻝㻥㻥㻣䠅䛄㡺Ⰲ㠪䌞Ⰲ㯮㦚㻌 ⍮㠊㍲䛅㧊㌆䠅㻌ᮔ⛃⃾䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗ䛾ᐙ᪘ᨻ⟇䛸័⩦ἲᙧᡂ㐣⛬䛃䛄ἲᏛ䛅㻟㻟ᕳ㻞ྕ䠄ᮔ⛃⃾䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗ㦮㻌 ᐙ᪘ᨻ⟇ὒ㻌 ័⩦ἲᙧᡂ㐣⛬䛃䛄ἲᏥ䛅㻟㻟ῢ㻌 㻞䢎䠅㻌ᮤ୤὚䠄㻝㻥㻣㻣䠅䛂ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧䛻㛵䛧䛶䇷➨㻝㻝᮲䛾័⩦䜢୰ᚰ䛻䛃䛄ἲྐᏛ◊✲䛅➨㻠ྕ䠄ᮤ୤὚䠄㻝㻥㻣㻣䠅䛂ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧㠦㻌 㜝䞮㡂䇷➨㻝㻝ᲄ㦮㻌 ័⩦㦚㻌 ୰ᚰ㦒⪲䛃䛄ἲྐᏥ◊✲䛅㻠⹰䠅㻌ᮤ┦᪫䠄㻝㻥㻤㻤䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗᡞ୺┦⥆័⩦ἲ䛾ᐃ❧䛃䛄ἲྐᏛ◊✲䛅➨㻥ྕ䠄ᮤ┦᪫䠄㻝㻥㻤㻤䠅䛂᪥ᖇୗ㻌 ᡞ୺┦⧰័⩦ἲ㦮㻌ᐃ❧䛃䛄ἲྐᏥ◊✲䛅㻥⹰䠅㻌ᱱᘓ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻥䠅䛂㡑ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛䛄ἲ䛸♫఍䛅◊✲䛃䛄ἲ䛸♫఍䛅ἲ䛸♫఍⌮ㄽ◊✲఍䚸➨㻝ྕ䠄㟧Ị䠄㻝㻥㻤㻥䠅䛂䞲ῃ㠦㍲㦮㻌䇺⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢㻓㻌 㡆ῂ䛃䛄⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢䛅⻫ὒ㌂䣢㻌 㧊⪶㡆ῂ䣢㻘㻌 㩲㻝䢎䠅㻌ᱱ㕷ፑ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไᗘ䇷᳜Ẹᆅ㑇⏘䛾୰䛻㞃䜜䜛ᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛃䛄ዪᛶ䛸♫఍䛅㻝㻜ྕ䠄ᱱ㕷ፑ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂䞲ῃ㦮㻌 䢎㭒㩲☚䇷㔳⹒㰖㻌 㥶㌆㻌 ㏣㠦㻌 㑾㓂⓪㻌 Ṗ㫇㩲☚䛃䛄㡂㎇ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢䛅㻝㻜䢎䠅㻌ᱱ㕷ፑ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻜䠅䛂᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇᐙ᪘䛄័⩦䛅䛛䜙ぢ䛯䜸䝸䜶䞁䝍䝸䝈䝮䚸㏆௦ᛶ䚸᳜Ẹᆅᛶ䛃㡑ᅜ♫఍ྐᏛ఍ኟᏘ䝽䞊䜽䝅䝵䝑䝥Ⓨ⾲ᩥ䚸ᮍห⾜ㄽᩥཧ↷䠄ᱱ㕷ፑ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻜䠅䛂㔳⹒㰖㻌 㔲₆㻌 Ṗ㫇㻌 䇺ὖ㔋㻔័⩦㻕䇻㦚㻌 䐋䟊㻌 ⽎㻌 㡺Ⰲ㠪䌞ⰂG㯮㻘㻌 ⁒╖㎇㻘㻌 㔳⹒㰖㎇䛃䞲ῃ㻌 ㌂䣢㌂䞯䣢㻌 䞮Ἒ㻌 㤢䋂㍋㻌 ⹲䚲ⶎ㻘㻌 ⹎Ṛ䟟㻌 ⏒ⶎ㻌 㺎ἶ䠅㻌ዪᛶᖹ཭఍䠄㻝㻥㻤㻟䠅䛄ᐙ᪘ἲ䛿䛺䛬ᨵṇ䛥䜜䜛䜉䛝䛛䛅ㄽᩥ㞟䠄㡂㎇䘟㤆䣢䠄㻝㻥㻤㻟䠅䛄Ṗ㫇⻫㦖㻌 㢲㻌 Ṳ㩫♮㠊㟒㻌
䞮⓪Ṗ䛅⏒ⶎ⳾㦢㰧䠅㻌
ᮤඟᴿ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻞䠅䛄ᐙ᪘ἲᨵṇ㐠ື㻟㻣ᖺྐ䛅ᐙᗞἲᚊ┦ㄯᡤฟ∧㒊䠄㧊䌲㡗䠄㻝㻥㻤㻞䠅䛄Ṗ㫇⻫㻌 Ṳ㩫㤊☯㻌 㻟㻣⎚㌂䛅Ṗ㩫⻫⮶㌗╊㏢㻌 㿲䕦⿖䠅㻌࿋ጘ┾䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂ᢈุ䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮ἲᏛ䛃䛄ἲ䛸♫఍䛅ἲ䛸♫఍⌮ㄽ◊✲఍䚸㻝㻢㻙㻝㻣ྜᮏྕ䠄㡺㩫㰚䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂゚䕦㻌䗮⹎┞㯮㻌 ⻫䞯䛃䛄⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢䛅⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢㻌 㧊⪶㡆ῂ䣢㻘㻌㻝㻢㻙㻝㻣䞿⽎䢎䠅㻌ᮤཀ㡰䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛂⬺᳜Ẹ୺⩏䝣䜵䝭䝙䝈䝮䛃䛄እᅜᩥᏛ䛅㻟㻝ྕ䠄㧊ἓ㑲䠄㻝㻥㻥㻞䠅䛂䌞㔳⹒㭒㦮㻌 䗮⹎┞㯮䛃䛄㣎ῃⶎ䞯䛅㻟㻝䢎䠅㻌ᮤගಙ䠄㻝㻥㻣㻟䠅䛄ᡃ䛜ᅜẸἲୖ䛾ጣẶไᗘ◊✲䛅ἲᩥ♫䠄ᮤගಙ䠄㻝㻥㻣㻟䠅䛄㤆Ⰲ⋮⧒㻌 Ẹἲୖ㦮㻌 ጣẶไᗘ㻌 ◊✲䛅ἲᩥ♫䠅㻌ᮤ䝇䞁䜲䝹䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂᪥ᖇ᫬௦ぶ᪘័⩦䛾ኚ໬䛸ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧ᨵṇ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䇷ᮅ㩭Ẹ஦௧➨㻝㻝᮲➨஧ḟᨵṇ㻌᱌䜢୰ᚰ䛻䛃䛄㡑ᅜᏛㄽ㞟䛅₎㝧኱Ꮫᰯ㡑ᅜᏛ◊✲ᡤ䚸➨㻟㻟㞟䠄㧊㔏㧒䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂㧒㩲㔲╖㻌 䂲㫇ὖ㔋㦮㻌 ⼖䢪㢖㻌㫆㍶⹒㌂⪏㻌 Ṳ㩫㠦㻌 ὖ䞲㻌 㡆ῂ㻌 䇷㻌 㫆㍶⹒㌂⪏㻌 㩲㻌 㻝㻝㫆㻌 㩲㻌 㻞㹾㻌 Ṳ㩫㞞㦚㻌 㭧㕂㦒⪲䛃䛄䞲ῃ䞯⏒㰧䛅䞲㟧╖䞯ᾦ㻌䞲ῃ䞯㡆ῂ㏢䚸㩲㻌 㻟㻟㰧䠅㻌㒯 ⫯ ᳜ 䠄 㻝㻥㻥㻞 䠅 䛄 ᅜ ヂ 㻌 ័ ⩦ ㄪ ᰝ ሗ ࿌ ᭩ 䛅 㡑 ᅜ ἲ ไ ◊ ✲ 㝔 䠄 㩫⁣㔳 䠄 㻝㻥㻥㻞 䠅 䛄 ᅧ ㆞ 㻌 ័ ⩦ ㄪ ᰝ ሗ ࿌ ᭩ 䛅䞲ῃ⻫㩲㡆ῂ㤦䠅㻌ᮤႀ㞵䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂ἲ䛻䛚䛡䜛䛂㏆௦䛃ᴫᛕ䇷䛹䜜䛰䛡᭷⏝䛛䛃䛄ἲ䛸♫఍䛅ἲ䛸♫఍⌮ㄽ◊✲఍䚸㻝㻢㻙㻝㻣ྜᮏྕ䠄ᮤႀ㻌㞵䠄㻝㻥㻥㻥䠅䛂⻫㠦㻌 㧞㠊㻌 䇺⁒╖䇻㻌 Ṳ⎦㻌 䇷㻌 㠒Ⱎ⋮㻌 㥶㣿䞲Ṗ䛃䛄⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢䛅⻫ὒ㻌 ㌂䣢㻌 㧊⪶㡆ῂ䣢䚸㻝㻢㻙㻝㻣䞿⽎䢎䠅㻌507㻌

᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌ᮤ⇊㬅䠄㻝㻥㻡㻣䠅䛄ぶ᪘┦⥆ἲ◊✲䇷᪂Ẹἲไᐃ䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶䛅᪥᪂♫䠄㧊䧂⽟䠄㻝㻥㻡㻣䠅䛄䂲㫇㌗㏣⻫㻌 㡆ῂ㻌 䇷㻌 㔶⹒⻫㻌㩲㩫㠦㻌 㡆ὖ䞮㡂䛅㧒㔶㌂䠅㻌㒯ග㕷䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅䛄㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ◊✲䠍䛅䝋䜴䝹኱Ꮫᰯฟ∧㒊䠄㩫ὧ䡚䠄㻝㻥㻢㻣䠅䛄䞲ῃ㻌 Ṗ㫇⻫㻌 㡆ῂ㻌 㻝䛅㍲㤎╖䞯ᾦ㿲䕦G⿖䠅㻌䇷䇷䇷㻌 䠄㻝㻥㻡㻡䠅䛄㡑ᅜぶ᪘┦⥆ἲㅮ⩏䛅ⴺ⫆ᩥ໬♫䠄䠄㻝㻥㻡㻡䠅䛄䞲ῃ㻌 䂲㫇㌗㏣⻫㻌 ṫ㦮䛅㥚㎇ⶎ䢪㌂䠅㻌ᓲᅾ㘏䠄㻝㻥㻤㻟䠅䛄㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ไᗘ◊✲䛅୍ᚿ♫䠄㾲㨂㍳䠄㻝㻥㻤㻟䠅䛄䞲ῃṖ㫇㩲☚㡆ῂ䛅㧒㰖㌂䠅㻌㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲᏛ఍⦅䠄㻝㻥㻥㻜䠅䛄ᐙ᪘ἲ◊✲䛅➨㻠ྕ䠄䞲ῃṖ㫇⻫䞯䣢㻌 䘎䠄㻝㻥㻥㻜䠅䛄Ṗ㫇⻫㻌 㡆ῂ䛅㩲㻌 㻠䢎䠅㻌ἲ㝔⾜ᨻฎ䠄㻝㻥㻤㻡䠅䛂ぶ᪘┦⥆䛻㛵䛩䜛ᪧ័⩦䛃䛄⿢ุ㈨ᩱ䛅➨㻞㻥㞟䠄ἲ㝔⾜ᨻ⹦䠄㻝㻥㻤㻡䠅䛂ぶ᪘┦⧰㠦㻌 ὖ䞲㻌 ⯈័⩦䛃䛄⿢ุ㈨ᩱ䛅㩲㻌 㻞㻥㰧䠅㻌㧗➼ἲ㝔᭩グㄢ䛄ᮅ㩭㧗➼ἲ㝔ุỴ㘓䛅➨㻞ᕳ䚸㻝㻝ᕳ䚸㻞㻝ᕳ㻌

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᳜Ẹᆅ᫬ᮇ㡑ᅜᐙ᪘ἲ䛛䜙ぢ䛯ᐙ∗㛗ไ䛾ᅜᐙไᗘ໬䛸䛂័⩦䛃ၥ㢟㻌ᢈホᩥ䠄᫓ᮌ⫱⨾䠅㻌㻌㻝㻥㻡㻤ᖺ䛻᪂Ẹἲ䛾୍㒊䛸䛧䛶ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯ᐙ᪘ἲ䛿䚸ぶ᪘䛾⠊ᅖ䚸ᡞ୺┦⥆㡰఩䚸㈈⏘┦⥆䚸∗ぶඃඛ䛾ぶᶒ䛺䛹ከᒱ䛻ர䜚⏨ዪᕪูⓗ䛺ෆᐜ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䛯䜑䚸ไᐃ┤ᚋ䛛䜙ዪᛶ㐠ືᅋయ䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛩䜛Ẹἲᨵṇ㐠ື䛜༙ୡ⣖䛾ṓ᭶䜢䛛䛡䛶ᒎ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䚹㻝㻥㻥㻜ᖺ௦௨㝆䛿䚸䛭䜜䜎䛷䛾ᐙ᪘ἲᨵṇ䜢⤒䛶䜒䛺䛚ṧᏑ䛧䛯ᡞ୺ไ䛾ᗫṆ䜢┠ᶆ䛻ᥖ䛢䛯ᡞ୺ไᗫṆ㐠ື䛜άⓎ໬䛧䛯䚹㻞㻜㻜㻡ᖺ㻟᭶䚸ᅜ఍ᮏ఍㆟䛷ᡞ୺ไ䜢᤼㝖䛧䛯Ẹἲ᱌䛜㆟Ỵ䛥䜜䚸㻞㻜㻜㻤ᖺ㻝᭶䛛䜙ᡞ୺ไ䛜ᗫṆ䛥䜜䛯Ẹἲ䛜Ⓨຠ䛧䛯䚹ᡞ୺ไᗫṆ㐠ື䛾㐣⛬䛷䛿䚸䛂⏨ዪᕪู䛾᫝ṇ䛃䛂ᐙ᪘䛾Ẹ୺໬䛃䛂㞳፧ᐙᗞ䛾Ꮚዪ䛾⚟฼䛃䛸䛔䛖䝣䝺䞊䝮䛻ຍ䛘䚸᪂䛯䛻ᡞ୺ไ䜢ᗫṆ䛩䜉䛝஦⏤䛸䛧䛶䚸䛂㐣ཤ䛾Ṕྐ䛾⢭⟬䛃䛷䛒䜛䛸䛾䝣䝺䞊䝮䛜ᥦ♧䛥䜜䛯䚹ᡞ୺ไ䛿᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄䛾ṧ⁦䛷䛒䜚䚸ᡞ୺ไ䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛻ᑐ䛩䜛᠜␲䛜䛺䛥䜜䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌ᱱ㕷ፑᩍᤵ䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷䜒ከ䛟䛾ㄽᩥ䛷䚸㡑ᅜ䛾ᐙ᪘ἲไᐃ䛾ཎ๎䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛜䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺Ṕྐⓗ᰿ᣐ䛻❧⬮䛧䛯䜒䛾䛺䛾䛛୙㏱᫂䛷䛒䜚䚸䛛䛴᪥ᮏ䛾᳜Ẹᆅ᫬௦䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶ỿ㯲䛧䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䜢ၥ㢟ど䛧䚸㡑ᅜ䛾ᐙ᪘䛾䛂ᪧ䛃័⩦䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅᙜ᫬䛾▱㆑䛻኱䛝䛟౫Ꮡ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸㡑ᅜ䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛻䛿᳜Ẹᆅ䛾㑇⏘䜢ྰᐃ䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒㔜䛺䜚䛜䜏䜙䜜䜛Ⅼ䛺䛹䚸ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛺どⅬ䛸ศᯒ䜢ᥦ♧䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸㡑ᅜ䛾ᡞ୺ไ䛾ᛶ᱁䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛯ᮏㄽᩥ䜒䚸䛣䛖䛧䛯◊✲ᡂᯝ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹㻌䛣䛾ㄽᩥ䛿䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾ᡞ୺ไ䛾⛣᳜䛸ᮅ㩭䛾ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䛸䛾㘒⥈䜢䚸ᴟ䜑䛶⥥ᐦ䛛䛴ㄽ⌮ⓗ䛻ศᯒ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹ᡞ୺ไ䜢஦౛䛸䛧䛶䚸౛እⓗᡞ୺⥅ᢎ䜢タᐃ䛧䛺䛔䛺䛹䚸ᮅ㩭䛾័⩦䛻ᑐ䛧䛶᪥ᮏ䛻䜘䜛ᙉຊ䛺௓ධ䛜䜏䜙䜜䛯䛯䜑䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾ᮅ㩭䛷䛿ᡞ୺ไ䛜ᐙ⣔⥅ᢎ䛾ཎ⌮䛻䜘䜚ᚭᗏ䛧䛶㐠Ⴀ䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䚸䛥䜙䛻ゎᨺᚋ䛿䚸㡹ᙉ䛺㛗⏨⥅ᢎไᗘ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᡞ୺ไ䛜䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛧䛶෌⦅䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌᳜Ẹᆅ䛛䜙ゎᨺ䛥䜜䛯ᚋ䚸㡑ᅜ♫఍䛷䛿䚸᳜Ẹ⤫἞௨๓䛾Ẹ಑ᅛ᭷䛾ᩥ໬䛾෌ᘓ䛸䛔䛖᚟ྂⓗᛮ᝿䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸䛂ఏ⤫䛃ⓗ䛺൲ᩍⓗᐙ᪘ไᗘ䛾෌ᘓ䛜ྉ䜀䜜䚸䛭䛾ᙳ㡪䜢Ⰽ⃰䛟ཷ䛡䚸ᐙ∗㛗ไ⌮ᛕ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟⏨ዪᕪูⓗ䛺ෆᐜ䛾Ẹἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䚸ᐙ∗㛗ไᗘ䛿ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛾ྡ䛾ୗ䛻䚸䜎䛯୍᪉䛷䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᪧẸἲ䛸᳜Ẹᆅᅜᐙ䛾ᨭ㓄䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ṇᙜ໬䛥䜜䚸ゎᨺᚋ䜒ᮅ㩭䛾䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䜏䛺䛥䜜ᙳ㡪ຊ䜢ᣢ䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌䛯䛰䚸➹⪅䜒㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛㏻䜚䚸᳜Ẹᆅᮇ䛾ᮅ㩭䛾୧⌜⏨ᛶᨭ㓄ໃຊ䛜ᐙ∗㛗ⓗ䛂័⩦䛃䛾Ỵᐃ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᙳ㡪䜢ཬ䜌䛧䛶䛔䛯䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖どⅬ䛿䚸ᮅ㩭䛾䛂័⩦䛃䛜䛔䛛䛻䛂ఏ⤫䛃䛸䛧䛶෌⦅䛥䜜䛯䛛䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿Ḟ䛛䛫䛺䛔ㄽⅬ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ᮏㄽᩥ䛾୺㢟䛛䜙䛿ⱝᖸእ䜜䜛䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛜䚸ゎᨺᚋ䛾Ẹἲไᐃ䛻㛵䜟䛳䛯ໃຊ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛶ᱁䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸䛭䛖䛧䛯ໃຊ䛿䛺䛬᳜Ẹᆅ䛾㑇⏘䛾Ꮡᅾ䜢ព㆑䛧䛴䛴䜒ᡞ୺ไ䜢⥔ᣢ䚸෌⦅䛧䛯䛾䛛䜒᫝㠀▱䜚䛯䛔䛸䛣䜝䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌㻌

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