Japan’s policies and actions towardhydrogen-based economy
KOYAMA, Masaomi, METI, Japan

29 June 2021, Session 1: Light up & Power Africa, Third Japan-Africa Business ForumWhy hydrogen?
Energyself-sufficiency

7%

Energy Security

Decarbonising
Sectors

EconomicImpact
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Policy Documentations~A set of policies to guide our efforts toward hydrogen-based economy~
Basic Energy Plan
Hydrogen as a key contributor to:• Decarbonisation• Energy security• Industrial competitiveness

Basic Hydrogen Strategy (Prime Minister Abe’s Initiative)• First comprehensive national strategy• H2 as a future energy option toward 2050
• Detailed strategy with numerical targets($3/kg by 2030 ⇒ $2/kg by 2050)

Strategic Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology Development Strategy

2Basic Hydrogen Strategy
 “Basic Hydrogen Strategy” (Prime Minister Abe’s Initiative) First comprehensive national strategy
 H2 as a future energy option toward 2050
 Goals : making H2 affordable($3/kg by 2030 ⇒ $2/kg by 2050)

3 conditions for realising affordable hydrogen【Supply】【Demand】① Inexpensive feedstock (unused resources, renewables)② Large scale H2 supply chains・・・ ③ Mass usage (Mobility ⇒ Power Generation ⇒ Industry) Key Technologies to be Developed
Production

Transportation

Use• Electrolysis System• Gasification + CCS• Energy Carrier• Fuel Cells (Mobility, Generation)• H2-fired Generation(LH2, MCH, NH3, etc.)3

Numerical targets toward hydrogen society
Current
SupplyDomestic H22025

2050

2030

International
H2 Supply Chains
Domestic Power-to-gas

CO2-free H232

Volume (t/y)

200300k

5～10M

Large Power Plant

1GW

15～30GWFC CHP*343k

5.3m

Replace
Old SystemsHRS137(900)

FCV

4.6k

800k

Replace
Filling Stations

FC Bus104

1.2k

FC FL250

10k

Generation～10*Primary energy: natural gas.

Mobility

DemandCost ($/kg)

Industry Use

320(RD&D)

ReplaceConventional
Mobility
Expand H2 Use4

The Strategic Road Map for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells~Industry-academia-government action plan to realize Hydrogen Society~（overall）
GoalsintheBasic
HydrogenStrategy

Set of targets to achieve

HRS 320 by 2025
900 by 2030

2025(¥3m → ¥0.7m )• Regulatory reform and developing
technology

Price difference between FCV and HV

Cost of main FCV systemConstruction and operating Construction cost ¥350m → ¥200m
costs
Operating cost ¥34m → ¥15m


Early
2020s

Costs of components forHRS

Vehicle cost of FC bus

Commercializeby 2030

2020



Early realizationof grid parity

2025



Realization of grid parity in commercial and industrial use• Developing FC cell/stack technology

Early2020s

Production: Production cost from brown coal gasification（¥several hundred/Nm3→ ¥12/Nm3 ）Storage/Transport : Scale-up of Liquefied hydrogen tank（thousands ㎥→50,000㎥）
Higher efficiency of Liquefaction（13.6kWh/kg→6kWh/kg）• Scaling-up and improving efficiency ofbrown coal gasifier• Scaling-up and improving thermal
insulation properties



Cost of electrolyzer



Efficiency of waterelectrolysis

UseMobility

Power2025

FC

FCV 200k b y2025
800k by 2030

Approach to achieving target

Bus 1,200 by 2030

FC ¥20k/kW → ¥5k/kW
Hydrogen Storage ¥0.7m → ¥0.3m

Compressor ¥90m → ¥50m
Accumulator¥50m → ¥10m(¥105m → ¥52.5m)• Consideration for creating nation wide
network of HRS• Extending hours of operation• Increasing HRS for FC bus

FossilFuelGreen H2

Supply+CCS※In addition, promote development of guidelines and technology development for expansion of hydrogen use in the fieldof FC trucks, ships and trains.

Hydrogen Cost
¥30/Nm3 by 2030
¥20/Nm3 in future

System cost ofwater electrolysis¥50,000/kW
in future2030

Efficiency of hydrogen power generation※1MW scale（26％→27％）（¥200,000m/kW→¥50,000/kW）（5kWh/Nm3→4.3kWh/Nm3）• Developing of high efficiency
combustor etc.

• Demonstration in model regions for social
deployment utilising the achievement in thedemonstration of Namie, Fukushima• Development of electrolyser with higher
efficiency and durability

5Japan Hydrogen Snapshot I
H2 Mobility

Local/regional projects

H2 Applications

H2 Station Network

Fukushima prefecture

R&D

10M electrolyser with 20M solar PV

FC bus deployment

104 FC buses

162 Stations

Source:Tokyo Gas

FC Truck development

Next “MIRAI”
4679 FCVFC train demonstration

Creating Hydrogen Hubs
H2 station for FC bus opened

Joint Venture for H2 Infrastructure Development

Source:JR east

FC train

FC Truck2020

and 7 companies

2018～

Source:HINO“Hydrogen Utilization Study
Group in Chubu”

2020～“Hydrogen Utilization Council inKobe/Kansai area”
and 9 companies
6Japan Hydrogen Snapshot IIInternational hydrogen supply chain

Japan-Brunai Pilot ProjectOff-gasSteamMethane
Reforming

Japan-Australia Pilot Project

Brown Coal+CCS

Gasification

Hydrogenation

Dehydrogenation

In Utah State in US, a power generation project
started, with a 30% H2 blending by 2025 and 100%
H2 by 2045.

Plans have also been launched in other states in the
United States (NY, VA, OH) and Singapore.

Source: Mitsubishi Power

Stationary Fuel Cells at home

(TOL→MCH)

ChemicalTanker

Hydrogen power generation

FC CHP for home use: More than 300,000 units installed.
LiquefiedH2 CarrierLoading
Facility(MCH→TOL)

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Green Hydrogen Production
 Support the demonstration project at Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research FieldStationFCFC bus

FCVH2 station•

A 10MW electrolyser with 20MW solar PV started in Fukushima•

Intensive support for large-scale production and implementation ofsuperior elemental technologies in equipment•Provide an environment to evaluate the performance of theequipment•Expand the use of the produced hydrogen in the region
8Establishing International Hydrogen Supply Chain
 Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain ProjectLaunching “SUISO FRONTIER”
in KobeLH2 storage tank for marinetransportation

•

The World’s first liquefied Hydrogen carrier
ship launched in December 2019.

•The LH2 carrier ship plans to transporthydrogen to Japan in 2021~•

The development of large-scale equipment
needed for the commercialisation.

Suiso Frontier Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGPkSuIH7uA&feature=youtu.be
Project Video :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8Dg9AWTDsk&feature=youtu.be CO2-free hydrogen supply chain project in Malaysia•

Consider the collaboration for theestablishment of a CO2-free hydrogen supply
chain using renewable energy.

•A feasibility study will start in January 2021.
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Industry Alliances~Companies have formed alliances to tap the hydrogen potential~
Japan Hydrogen Association *195 Members as of March 2021
10Hydrogen Utilization Council
in Kobe/Kansai area

Hydrogen Utilization Study Groupin Chubu area

10

Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting ~Promoting global cooperation~
2018

21 countries, region and organizations
300 attendees

2019

35 countries, region and organisations
600 attendees

GLOBAL ACTION AGENDA
TOKYO STATEMENT• Harmonisation of Regulation,Codes and Standards• Joint Research and Development• Study and Evaluation ofHydrogen’s Potential• Education & Outreach2020(On-line Special Event)23 representatives from countries, region and organisations
2800 registrations/+10,000 views

GLOBAL ACTION AGENDA PROGRESS REPORT11

Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon NeutralityGoals
 Cost ($/kg): $3/kg by 2030 & less than $2/kg by 2050
 Hydrogen demand：up to 3 Mts by 2030 & around 20 Mts by 2050
Prime Minister Suga

Hydrogen utilization
 FC Truck development and demonstration
 Hydrogen Power generation demonstration
 Zero-carbon Steel Fuel Cells development to reduce cost and efficiency

FC Truck

Hydrogen Gas Turbines Zero-carbon steel

SOFCProduction
 Scale up electrolysers & R&D to reduce cost (PEM & AEM)
 Innovative R&D to further reduce cost of hydrogen

Power to GasTransportation
 Commercialise international hydrogen supply chain
Cross- cutting

Liquefied hydrogen carrier

MCH carrier Create regional models through demonstration projects
 International collaborations

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