I 47
ReprintedrromANxer'krfr:".::l:iilT,'.T:ibn!*'*yoFAMERrcANEW SPECIES OF CRANE-FLIES FROM
SOUTH AMERICA. PART XIIII(Diptera: Tipulidae)
Cnenr,BsP. Alexexorn,
Amherst, Massachusetts

The novelties discussedherewith are all from Peru and Ecuador,
particularly from the former where they were collected in the Departments of Loreto and Huanuco, mostly by -y friends Messrs.Jos6 M.
Schunke and Felix Woytkowski. The types of the novelties lre preserved in my large collection of these flies. All speciesfall in the gte.t
tribe lriopterini, the Neotropical speciesof which hbve been listed by
the writer in recent papers (Rev. de Entomologia, rT: BZb400, 1g46;
18: 65-100,1947;18: 317-360,1947).

GenusTrentepohlia Bigot
Trentepohlia(Paramongoma)
tethyssp.n.
General coloration dark brown; pleura and pleurotergite yellow;
legs with the femora brown, the tips broadly white; tibiae black, thebaseswhite, the tips more broadly so; basitarsi black, the outer third
and remainder of tarsi white; wings subhyaline, stigma pale brown,
triangu-lar; extreme rving tip vaguely darkened; vein .l?3oblique, inapproximatelongitudinal alignment rvith R:*r*n.
Female.-Length,about 11 mm.; rving,.3.5mm.
Rostrum yellow; basal two segmentsof palpi yellow, the outer two
dark brown. Antennae with the scapeand pedicel testaceousyellow,
flagellum brownish black; flagellar segmentselongate-ovalto sub-cylindrical, verticils short. Front yellow; posteriorpart of head dark brownish
gray_;anterior vertex narrow, scarcely one-half the diameter of scape.
Pronotum brown. IVlesonotum chiefly dark brown, the surface
sparsely pruinose, more heavily so on the scutellum and mediotergite;
humeral region of praescutumand central part of scutum obscureyellow;
pleura and pleurotergite yellow, the mesepisternum a trifle more
obscured. Halteresbrownish black. Legswith the coxaeand trochanters
yellow, the fore coxae a trifle darker; femora brown, vaguely paler atbases, the tips broadly and abruptly snowy white; tibiae black, thebases similarly snowy white, a trifle more extensive than the femoral
tips; tibial tips abruptly snowy white, a little more dilated, approximately twice the whitened bases; basitarsi black, the outer third or
slightly.more, as well as the remainder of tarsi, snowy white. Wings
subhyaline; stigma pale brown, small, triangular in outline; extreme
wing tip vaguely darkened;veins dark brown, C, Sc and lt in the vicinity
rContribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massachusetts.
The preceding part under this general title rvas published in the ANNer.s on
rnr Exroyot-ocrcAI- Scrrpry or AunRrc.c. 38: 35G380. 1945.

101

L02

Annals EntomologicalSocietyof Arnerica [Vol. XLII,of the stigma paler brown. Venation: Scz before the level of fork of
Rs; Rz ab-out three times Ra+eivein Ra oblique, in approximate 1o18itudinal alignment with Rz+r+nirn-cu about two-fifths its length before
the fork of. M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; sternites pale greenish yellory.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Hol,otype,Q, Fundo Sinchono,altitude1500 meters, August 4, 1947 (Schunke).
The most similar described speciesis Trentepohlia (Paramongoma)
rnetatarsaloAlexander, which differs in the coloration of the legs and in
the venation.
Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) conscripta sp. n.
General coloration brown, the praescutum somewhat darker medially; legs brown, the tarsi paling to yellow; wings with a qale brownish
a trifletinge, unpatterned except for the small brown stigma;. Rz_+a+nofsectionthe
distaltosubequallarge.
-fll
M2
longer th-an Ra+niceil
veii Ms; distance on margin between veins Ch and Ist A extensive,
nearly equal to m-cu.
Mal'e.-Length, about 6 mm.; wing, 7.3 mm.
Rostrum brown; palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segmentsoval, the verticils short. Head brown; anterior vertex very
reduced.
Cervical region and pronotum brownish black. Mesonotum brown,
the praescutum somewhat darker medially; pleurotqrgit_eand.pJeura
somewhat more yellowish brown. Halteres infuscated. Legs with thecoxae and trochanters brownish testaceous;remainder of legs brown,
the tarsi paling to yellow. Wings with a pale brownish tinge, unpatterned
except for the small oval brown stigma; prearcular and costal cells
pale-yellow;veins pale brown, Sc more yellowed. Venation: Scr ending
iboui opposite Rzl Rz+s+aa trifle longer than Ra+ri.cell /sl 44rlay39,
subequaiio the distal section of vein Msi rn-cushortly.beyond the forkot Mi distance on margin between Ch and /sf .,4extensive,nearly equal
to m-cu.
Abdominal tergites brown, the sternites and hypopygium morebrownish yellow.
Habitit.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype, &, Carpish, in dwarf fog
forests, altitude 2800 meters, October t0, 1946 (Woytkowski). Parotopotype,&.
^
Tlie most similar speciesis Trentepohlia (Paramongoma)longiJusa
Alexander, which is well distinguishedby the small size and by detailsof coloration and venation.
Trentepohlia (Paramongoma) montivaga sp. n.
Sizerelatively large (wing, male, 6.5 mm. or over); generalcoloration
uniformly pale y-ellow,including the halteresand legs;wings p-aleyellow,
with a ieslricted darkened seam over the distal section of vein Czl;vein Rg oblique, only a little longer than Ra+ricell / st Mz large, only alittle shorter than the distal section of vein Rr.
Male.-Length, about 5-5.5 mm.; wing, 6.5-6.7 mm.
Female.-Length, about 6.5-7 mm.; wing, 7.5-8 mm.

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Alexander: Crane-f,iesJrom South America

103

Rostrum yellow, the reduced palpi infuscated. Antennae with thescape yellow, pedicel light brown, flagellum dark brown; flagellar segments oval, the verticils short and inconspicuous. Head brrffy yellow;
anterior vertex reduced to a linear strip.
Thorax uniformly yellow. Halteres uniformly pale. Legs yellow,
the terminal tarsal segmentsweakly more darkened. Wings pale yellow,
the prearcular and costal regions clearer yellow; a faintly indicateddarkened seam on distal section of vein Ch; veins yellow, Cu on its
distal section especially more darkened. Venation: Rs arcuated; vein
R3 oblique, only a little longer than Rg+nicell -lsl Mzlarge, only a trifle
shorter than the distal section of vein .Rs; distal section of. vein Cut
variable in length, from subequal to fully twice rn-cu.
Abdomen obscure brownish yellow; hypopygium, excepting theblackened dististyles, clearer yellow.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Hol,otype, &, Sariapampa, in fog
forest, altitude 3600 meters, Mry 12,1946 (Woytkowski) . Allotopotype,l &99.
? . P a r a t o p o t y p esse,v e r a d
Although very similar in its general appearance to Trentepohlia(Paramongoma)cubitalis Alexander, of southeastern Brazll, the present
fly is obviously distinct, differing particularly in the large size and in
the details of venation.

GenusTeucholabisOsten Sacken
Teucholabis(Paratropesa)
noduliferasp.1r.
Belongs to the collaris group. Pronotum light yellow, mesonotunr
purplish black; knobs of halteres light )'ellorv; middle legs yellow;
posterior femora yello'w rvith tu'o black rings; an unusually large dilation
on more than the proxirnal half of the posterior basitarsus;wings paleyellow, conspicuouslypatterned rvith brown; basal dark band crossing
both Anal cells to the margin, occupying half the extent of cell ?nd A;
abdomen black, the posterior borders of the sternites broadly yellow;
mesal face of basistyle produced into a slender spine; outer dististyleterminating in a pale spine; aedeagusat apex rvith an abundance ofstrong setae, the apex a curved black spine.
Male.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, 7.4 mm.
Rostrum yellow; palpi biack. Antennae with the scape yellow
belorv, more infuscated above; flagellum black; flagellar segmentsoval.
Head above chiefly brownish black, the anterior vertex and posterior
portion of the head more brownish yellow.
Prothorax uniformly pale yellow. Mesonotum polished black, thepraescutum with vague purplish reflexions. Pleura black, the dorsopleural region restrictedly pale; areas of gray bloom or pubescence
above the middle and posterior coxae,apparently representing extensive
silvery patches in fresh specimens. Halteres black, the knobs lightyellow. Legs with the fore and.middle coxae and trochanters lightyellow, posterior coxae and trochanters black; fore legs broken; middle
legs obscureyellow, the tarsi passinginto brown; posterior femora yellow,
with two black rings, one subbasal,the other subapical, the latter a little
narrower and about one-half as extensiveas the intervening yellow band;
tibiae obscureyellow; tarsi obscure yellow, the basitarsi with more than

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Annals EntomologicalSocietyof Arnerico [Vol. XLII,

the proximal half dilated and blackened; outer tgsa-l segmentsbrownish
black; nodulose area on basitarsus, as described,. larger and moreco.tspicuousthan in the other similar described species,^b.i"g approximately three times as thick as the apical diameter of the segment.
Wingi pale yellow, conspicuously patterned with brown, as foltows:
A nJrrow band at cord, narrower and more intense at stigma, widened
behind at the posterior border in cell lst A; wing tip_ m-ore-broadly
infuscated, extehding basad to the level of the outer end of cell lst Mz
and fork of Rs+a;baiad of cord, the darkenings restricted, veY nalTow
at arculus, more expanded but paler in cells Cu, lst A and ?nd A,
occupying about one-half the extent of the last cell; veins brown, not
Rz just bas.adof r-nt,
ot s&t."Iy paler in the ground areas. \renatio_n_:
producing a short element Rs+a+r;r'ei1 Rs weakly sinuous, ab.out onetnira Rn; Ru extensively fused with Mr+r, as in the group; cell lst Mz
narrow; m-cf at fork of. M.
Abdomen black, the broad posterior borders of the sternites lightyellow; subterminal segments and hypopygium black. Sternal pocket
five large and conspicuous,_covering virty"llY the entireof ..g-.nt
lengtfr of the segttteit, widened behind, the narrow-cephalig en$ with aseriilunate chitinized area; setae lateral, directed inward, the morecaudal ones chiefly longer and more slender. Mal.e hyPopygium witlt
the apical lobe of ihe basistyle slender, terminatirrg in a short blackenetl
point; mesal face of style, near base, with a strong 9r9ct black-.lPine
buter dististyle a smali slender rod, its basal two-thirds more dilated,
provided witir about nine strong setae; outer third of style a_straightpale spine. Inner dististyle large, complex in structure, the flatterlecl
beak black; basal arm with about a dozen strong -setae. Aedeagus
complex, dilated near apex and here provided with very numerotls
strong setae, the apex a curved b!a9k spine.
H"abitat.-Pem lHuanuco). Hototype,& ,Fundo Sinchono,altitude
1500meters, August 4, L947 (Schunke).
From the virious other members of the colloris group, including
Teucholabis(Paratropesa)collaris (Osten Sacken), th.- present fly differs
in the diagnostic features listed, including the leg and wing pattern arrti
structure of the legs and male hypopygium.
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) ducalis sp. n.
Size large (wing, male, 8 mm. or more); general coloration black,the scuteflrjm'broadly light yellow; halteres with stem black, knob
yellow; femora yellow, ttre tifs broadly black; tarsi black; wings palevellow, very heavily patterned with dark brown, including the narrorT'
6ostalborder, broad.wing tip and narrow posterior margin; cord narr^owl1'
seamed with' darker brown; male hypopygium with the spine of thebasistyle stout-based; outer dististyle dilated on outer half, at near
midlength with a strong sPine.
Aite.-fength, about 7-7.3 mm.;wing,8-8.5 mm'
Rostrum sh5rt,'approximately one-half the remainder of head, black
Antennae black throughout;.basal five or six
throughout; palpi bl;;k.
flageli-ar segme.rts large, suboval, slightly produced apicatly on ventral
fac"e;outeisegments-oval; verticils ihorter than the segments' Headdull black.

1949]

Alexander: Crane-fliesfrom South Americo

105

Pronotal scutum black, the scutellum and pretergites yellow.
Mesonotum polishedblack, the scutellum broadly light yellow; a more
restricted yellow median area at suture, involving parts of the praescutum and scutum. Pleura black, with a vague pruinose area on theposterior pleurites; dorsopleural region yellow. Halteres with stem
black, knob yellow. Legs with all coxaeand trochantersblack; femora
yellow, the tips broadly and conspicuouslyblackened, subequal inamount on all 1egs,including nearly the outer third on the fore andmiddle legs, the outer fifth on the more lengthenedposterior femora;
tibiae light to dark brown, the tips narrowly blackened; tarsi black;
glandular area of posterior basitarsusonly feebly dilated. Wings paleyellow, very heavily and conspicuouslypatterned with dark brown,
including cells C and Sc; the broad wing tip, this continued around theposterior margin of wing as a narrow border; stigma,cord and outer endof cell lst Mz narrowly darker brown; vague brown clouds or washes
in the basal wing cells; veins brownish black. \'enation: Scr ending
about opposite two-thirds the length of Rsi Rs+e+rvery short.
Abdomen,including hypopygium, black. Sternal pocket of segment
five appearing as a long triangular area, narrowed in front, the innervestiture consistingof relatively long black setaedirected mesad;outer
setaestrong and powerful, likewisedirected mesad. Male hypopygiumwith the spine of the basistyle near apex of mesal face, a stout-based
rod that narrows at midlength into a strong black spine, at the poirrtof narrowing with a dense brush of yellow setae; mesal flange notconspicuouslycrenulated or toothed. Outer dististyle a strong rod,the basal half a slenderstem, the outer half more dilated or bulbous,
the apexweeklybidentate;on mesalfaceat baseof the expandedportion
with a powerful spine, the opposite margin of style microscopicallyscabrous. Inner dististyle with the beak terminating in a cultriform
blade, the usual lower spine replaced by " seriesof five or six weak
serrations. Aedeagusterminating in a stout blackenedsubapicalspine,
the protruded axis with two pairs of setae,the more lateral onesstouter.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype,I , Fundo Sinchono,altitude
S & d, August
1500meters,August 6, 1947(Schunke). Paratopotypes,
6-28, 1947 (Schunke).
This large and striking speciesis not closelyrelated to others so far
described. Superficially it suggests species such as Teucholabis(Teucholabis)decoraAlexander, despite the body coloration, but all
stmctures of the male hypopygium are distinct.
Teucholabis(Teucholabis)subanthracinasP. n.
Allied to anthracina. General coloration of body polished black;
thoracic pleura with a broad longitudinal more silvery stripe; wings
subhyaline,patterned with brown, including a narrow band at cord andthe broader wing tip; Sc1ending about oppositetwo-thirds the lengthof Rs; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle long, terminating in
two short spines,with a further slender spine on mesal edge at near
midlength; inner dististyle with the beak produced into a single point,
the lower or subapical one obsolete; lobe of style tipped with about
six short stout spinesof approximately equal size.
Male.-Length, about 6 mm.; wing, 4.9-5 mm.

106

Societyof America {Vol. XLII,.4.nnalsEntomologicolRostmm long and slender, subequal in length to the remainder ofhead, black, longer than in anthracina; palpi black. Antennae black
throughout;flagellar segmentsoval, smaller and slightly more elongatedoutwardly, shorter than the verticils. Head black.
Thorax almost uniformly polished black, the pronotal scutellum
and pretergites more reddened; mesonotal scutellum brownish black;dorsopleuril membrane dark. Thoracic pleura with a broad longitudinal more silvery stripe extending from behind the fore coxae to thebase of abdomen, passing beneath the root of the halteres. Halteres
infuscated, knobs obscureyellow. Legs with all coxaeblack;trochantersdark brown; femora brownish black, the basesobscure yellow, involving
approximately the basal half or less, the tips more blackene.d; tibiae
biownish blabk; tarsi black; posterior basitarsi moderately dilated on
proximal third. Wings subhyaline, patterned with pale brown, including a narrow band at cord and the broader apex, the latter not including
the basesof cells ?nd,Mz and Ms; stigma ova1,darker brown; cells basadof cord not or scarcely darkened. Venation: Scr ending about opposite
two-thirds the length of Rs, Sc2just beyond one-fourth the length of Rs;
branches of Rs parallel for most of their lengths, Rs thence diverging
strongly almost to the wing tip; m-cu from one-third to one-half its
beyond the fork of. M.
length-Abdomen,
including hypopygium, black. Sternal pocket of segment
five placed near the posterior end of segment, long-oval, the center
with-microscopic setulae, the border with relatively few long strong
bristles that are directed mesad: on sternite six with about a dozen
strong setae in a longitudinal row on either side of the broad midline,
the rows slightly more narrowed behind; an even weaker sternal area oll
segment seven,-including five or six weak setae on either side of amedian area. Male hypopygium with the spine of the basistyle on mesailace just beyorrd midlength, stout, extended at tip into a stron_gblackspine; mesal margin with a row of long yellow setae; mesal flange
biackened, conspicuous,the margin coarsely crenulate. Outer dististylelong, terminating in two short spines, with a long.slender spine ontnesal edge at near midlength; surface of style with numerous. longcoarsesetie. Inner dististyle with the outer arm or beak produced into asingle developed spine; lobe of style terminating in about six or sevenshoit stout spines-of approximately equal size. Aedeagus terminating
in a strong biackened spine; surface of organ, at near midlength, withfour long setae.
H abitat.-Ecuador (Santiago-Zamoru). H olotype, &, Zumbi, Rio
Zamora, altitude 700 meters, October 28, 194I (Laddey) . Paratopotype,
C, October 31, 1941 (Laddey).
Although very similar in its general appearance to Teucholabis(TeucholabTi anthracina Alexander, the present fly sqemgto_pe quitecharacters, as above described. Thg -typ"distinct in thc hypopygial-(Rev.
de Entomologia, 16: 374; 1945) been
specimens had earli-ei
identified as anthracina.
Teucholabis (Teucholabis) desdemona sp. n.
Size small (wing, male, about 4.5 mm.); general coloration polished
black, variegated wlth yellow, including the scutellum; knobs of halteres19491

Alexander: Crone-fliesfrom South America

107

yellow; wings whitish, restrictedly patterned with brown, most conspicuous as the stigma and over the anterior cord; ,Sc short, Sc1 ending
about opposite one-fourth the length of Rs, the branches of the latterstrongly divergent; cell Mz normally open by the atrophy of the basal
section of. Ms; abdominal segments bicolored, black and yellow; malehypopygium without an apical spine on basistyle; outer dististyle along rod bearing a lateral spine at near two-thirds the length, terminating
in a long straight spine; aedeaguswith the apical point directed laterad.
Male.-Length, about 4-4.5 mm.; wing, 4-4.6 mm.
Rostrum short, black; palpi black. Antennae relatively long, if bent
backward extending about to the root of wings; scape and pedicel
obscure yellow, flagellum black; flagellar segments short-oval, strongly
narrowed at outer ends, shorter than the verticils. Head polished black.
Prothorax and pretergites uniformly pale yellow. Nlesonotunt polished black, the scutellum and a central spot at suture yellow. Pleura
chiefly occupied by r broad yellow longitudinal stripe extending fromthe piothorax acrossthe dorsal sternopleurite, becoming more expandedon the meral and metapleural regions, the surface silvery pollinose; alarge isolated black area on the ventral sternopleurite. Halteres brownish black, the knobs yellow. Legs with all coxae and trochanters
yellow; fore femora black, the bases broadly yellow; tibiae yellowish
brown, the tips blackened; tarsi black; middle and hind legs yellow, thetips of thefemora and tibiae narrowlyblackened; tarsi black; posterior
basitarsi dilated on proximal third. Wings whitish, restrictedly patterned with brown, including cell Sc, stigma, a seam along the cord ancl
a more or lessdistinct cloud at the outer medial fork; r'eins brolvtt, thoseof the wing base mole yellowed. \'enation: Sc short, Scr ending about
opposite one-fourth to one-fifth Rs, Sc2 a short distance beyond thisoiigini Rz at or close to fork of Rs; branches of Rs strongly divergent,
Rs bent strongly caudad to the wing tip, cell .tRrthus very wide. at least
five times cell Rs; cell Mz normally open by the atrophy of basal sectionof vein Ma, in one specimen,cell /sl Ms closed; cell M tdistinctly narrowedat margin: rn-cu close to fork of.M.
Abdominal segmentsbicolored, black, the posterior borders of theintermediate segments broadly yellow; subterminal segments more
uniformly yellow; hypopygiurn uniformly blackened. Sternal Ppcketof segment five broad, with abundant setae; of segment six with lessnumelous but stouter setae that are directed inward, arranged in two
more or less parallel rows. Male hypopygium with the apex of basistyleobtuse, without a spine; mesal flange long and narTow, blackened, its
margin weakly crenate. Outer dististyle a long rod, dilated on basal
half and here with scattered setae and appressedspinulae, at near twothirds the length with an appressed lateral spine, beyond which thestyle narrows into a long nearly straight spine. Inner dististyle without setae, the lower beak weakly bidentate. Aedeagus with the apicalspine directed laterad, blunt at tip; surface of aedeaguswith relatively
numerous though not particularly strong setae.
Habitat.-Peru (Loreto) . Holotype, d, Pucallpa, altitude 180
d d, March 19-20,
meters,March 22,1947 (Schunke). Paratopotypes,4
1947 (Schunke).
From the other speciesof. Teucholobishar-ing rto spitre on the basi-

108

Annols EntomologicalSocietyol America [\'o1. XLII,

style of the male hypopygium, the present fly il readily told -by thesmall size, coloration of the body and wings, and by the normally opencell Mz.
Genus Gnophomyia Osten Sacken
Gnophomyia (Eugnophomyia) flammeithorax sp. n.
Allied to tempestiaa. General coloration black, the thorax, including
the pleura and sternum, uniformly bright orange, only the region of
the metapleura blackened; antennae, halteres and legs black; wings
with a strbng blackish tinge; macrotrichia of cells beyond cord unusuallynumerousi Rr subequal to R2p..aand more than twice Rt+t.
Female.-Length, about 6.5 mm.; wing, 7.8 mm.; antenna, about
1 . 8m m .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; basal
flagellar segments very short-cylindrical, the outer ones passing_into
ol,tll; vertic-ils subequal to or a trifle exceedingthe segments. Headblack.
Pronotum and propleura black. Mesonotum and pleura, with thesternum, uniformly bright ofange,exceptingonly the meral and metapleural area above the hind legs. Halteres and legs uniformly black.
Wings with a strong blackish tinge, the prearcular and costal fields
slightly darker; stigma small, still darker brown; veins brownish black.
\{icroirichia of cells beyond cord unusually numerous and conspicuous,
lacking in the bases of the cells. Venation: Scr ending just before
andthe level of the fork of Rs, .Sczcloseto its tip; Rr subequalto R2a3..athefork
lengthbeyondmore than twice Re+ri tn-cu about one-third itsof"M.
Abdomen uniformly black. Ovipositor with the valves strongly
developed, dark horn yellow.
niUnat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype, 9, Carpish, in dwarf fog
forests, altitude 2800 meters, October 2, 7946 (Woytkowski).
Among the various species of the subgenus.having the thorax
variously-patterned with orange, the present fly is closest t9 ;ne91ep
such as-Gnophornyia(EugnophTmyi,a)flagrans Alexander and G. (4)Al-exander,differing in the very extensiveofangg color of thetempesti,ao
thoiax and in details of venation and trichiation of the wings.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) magniarcuata sp. n.
Belongsto the arcuatagroup. Sizevery large (wing, female,8 mm.);mesonotal praescutum almost uniformly plumbeous, pseudosutural
foveae black; wings whitish subhyaline, stigma dark brown; r'ein Sc1very long, approximately three-fourths as long as Rs; m-cu about onehalf its length before the fork of-M.
Female.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Rostrum grat pruinose; palpi black. Antennae black throu_ghout;flagellar segrnents-cylindrical,longer than the verticils. Head dark
gr; ; anterior vertei broad, fully three times the diameter of scape.
?ronotum dark brownish gray; pretergites dark. Mesonotal
rtraescutum almost uniformly dark gray or plumbeous; pseudosuturaliote"e black, extensive;posteriorportion of scutal lobes,scutellumandI e4elAlexander: Crane-fiesfrom SouthAmerica

109

postnotum clear light gray, the mediotergite darker posteriorly. . Pleura
irr front dark plumbeous gray, clear light gray behind, including the
coxae. Halterbs blackened. L"gp with the coxaelight gray; remainderof legs black. Wings whitish subhyaline; stigma dark brown; extreme
wingaase, including squamaand the region of arculus,vaguely^darkened;vein"sblack. Venalion: Sc long, Scr ending just before the fork of Rs,
Scr far retracted so Scr is very long, approximately three-fourths Rs;
Rr*r*n very strongly arcuated to subperpendicular at origini Rair shorterth;; Rs; vein Rideflected strongly caudad on outer half, ending 919.9
m-cu about one-half its length before the fork of- M to the *ittg tip;-elongate,
black. Ovipositor with the cerci elongate,
Abdomencompressed-flattened; hypovalve much shorter, approximately one-thirdas long.
niOitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype, 9, Huamincha, forest zone,
altitude 1600 meters, April 4, 1946 (Woytkowski)
The other described members of the group, including Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia) arcuata .Piexander,9. G). diazi. Alexander, and G. (G.)
iu.baicuatoAle*attder, are all much smaller, with vein Scr shorter.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) perdebilis sp. n.
Belongs to the tristissimo group. Allied Lo.maestitia; genetal coloration bla-ck, the meral and metapleural region of thorax paling .toyellow; antennae unusually .long, appro-ximately .one-half the entire
6ody; halteres black; wings with a strgng blackish_tinge,rlit]t-somewhat
clarkerwashesover the anterior cord, in basesof cells R and M and alongvein Cu in cell M; prearcular and costal fields more whitened; malehypopygium's"itt""red with thetergite conspicuous,its posteriormargirt with a row
weak setae; mesal face of basistyle virtually unarmed;of
inner dististyle unttsually lotlg, approximately one-half as long as thesimple outer style.
M ate.-L"t gth, about 5.5 mm' ; wing, 6 mm. ; antenna, about
2.7-2.8mm.
Female.-Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 6 1n*.
Rostrum and-palpi black. Antennae (ma,le)of unusual length-fgt -"member of the gtbrrp, approximately one-half the length of body, llpk
throughout; fla"gellar segments elohgate-fusiforrn, narrowed at either
end, iubequal Io the longest verticils. Head black, the front andanterior v6rtex more pruinose; anterior vertex broad, approximately
four times the diameter of scaPe.
Pronotum and. mesonotum black, the very restricted pretergites atrifle paler. Pleura dull black on dorsal portion, gr?y pruinoseventrally,
the meral and metapleural regions-Wingipaling to light yeltoy-. Halteres
yitlt a stro_ngblackish tinge, theuniformly black. Legs black.
el,ongate"stigmadark"er brown; more du.sky^washes over the anterior
cordl baseso"fcells ,Rand M , an'd.along vein-Cu in cell M; pteatcular andcostal fields more whitened; a pale aiea near outer ends of cells R and
M bef.orccord;veins black.' V-enation:Scr ending just beyond the for*of Rz+a+r;r-mjust before the fork of the nearly straight Rs; rtt''cuat orclose to midlength of cell lst' Mz.
Abdomen, iricluding the genitalia, black throughout. Male fVlolVgium with the ninth teilite tiansverse, subrectangular, the caudal margin110

Annals Entomologicol Society of Arnerica [\ro1. XLII,

with a row of scattered weak seta-like firnbriations, slightly nlore
concentrated at the outer lateral portions; lateral fourth of tergal
plate slightly more darkened,with scatteredlong coarsesetae. Basistyleshort and stout, the mesal face with about five strong slender setae
but without further vestiture. Outer dististyle a stout flattened black
blade, the apex obtuse. Inner dististyle unusually long, approximatelv
one-half as long as the outer dististyle, apical portion strongly bent,
the tip obtuse; distal half of style, especiallythe apex, with scatteretl
strong setae,some much longer.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype,6y',F'undoSinchono,altitude
1500meters,August I, 1947(Schunke). Allotopotype,Q, pinned with
type. Parotopotypes,
7 & &, January and August 1947(Schunke).
The presentfly is readily told from the most similar species,including
Gnophomyia(Gnophomyi,a)kerteszionaAlexander, G. (G.) maestitia
Alexander,by the structure of theAlexander,and G. (G.) Podacantha
male hypopygium, especially the scarcely modified ninth tergite ancl
the dististyles. The spinesand fimbriations of the tergite in all of the
now known numerous speciesappear to be direct extensionsof thetergal plate rather than modified setae.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) petentis sp. n.
Belongs to the tristissima group, allied to maestitia. Body anr-t
black; antennae(male) unusuallylong, approximatelyoneappendages
half the length of the wing; wings with a strong blackishtinge;brorvrt
clouds over the anterior cord and along vein Cu in ceII M; male hypopygium with the tergite large, the caudal margin nearly tmncate, witha double row of strong spines,the lateral angles produced and tuftecl
with longer spines; basistyle on mesal face at base bearing a strong
blackened rod from an expandedear-like base, with a further smaller
spirre on style near outer errd; irrner dististyle long-oval, terminating
in a blackenedspinouspoint; aedeaguslong and slender.
Male.-Length, about 5-5.5 mfit.; rving, 5-O mm.; antenna,abottt
2.5-2.7mm.
Femal,e.-Length,about 0.5 rnm.; wing, 5.5 mm.
Entire body, with the palpi, antennae,halteres and legs, black;anterior pretergites with a small yellow area. Antennae unusuallylong, as shown by the measurements;flagellar segments elongatesubcylindrical or slightly dilated at midlength, a little shorter than theverticils. Wings with a strong blackish tinge, the stigma elongate,
still darker; brown clouds, intermediate in color, over the anterior cord
and along vein Cu rn cell M; veins brownish black. Venation: Rs
nearly straight; basal section of Rs lacking or virtually so, Rs in alignment with Rsi rn-cuat near midlength of cell lst Mz.
Male hypopygium with the tergite large, the caudal margin nearly.
tmncate, with a double row of strong spines,totalling about 80 to 90;
lateral ends of tergal plate produced, bearing about a dozen longer
black spines. Basistyle on mesal face of proximal end bearing a verystrong blackenedrod with a flattened earlike base; neal outer end ofstyle
on mesal face with a further smaller strong s_pine. Quler dististyle-simplegently curved rod, the tip obtuse. Inner dististyle small,along-oval,terminating in a blackenedspinouspoint; surfacewith several

1949]

Alexander: Crane-flies
from SouthAmerica

111

setae,.the longest subequal in length to the style itself. Aedeaguslong
and slender.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype,d, Fundo Sinchono,altitude1600 meters, August 25, 1947 (Schunke). Allotopotype, g . Porotopotype,d, August 2, 1947 (Schunke).
The most similar describedspeciesinclude Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia)
kerteszianaAlexandel, G. (G.) podacanthaAlexander, G. (G.) fermigica
Alexander, and G. (G.) tungurahuana Alexander, all of which diiTer
consoicuouslyamong themselvesand from the presentfly in the structureof the male hypopygium'.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) trisetigera sp. n.
General coloration black, including also the antennae, halteresand legs; ?ntennae (male) relatively long, nearly one-half the body;pleura with a broad silvery longitudinal stripe on the dorsal sternopleurite, paling to yellow on the meral region; halteres brownish black;'wingswith a strong brownish tinge, vaguely patterned with still darker
brown; r-y,at fork of Rsi R2 nearly obsolete,transverse;male hypopygium with the tergite large, conspicuouslyemarginate by a \r-shaped
notch, the margins of the lobes without spines or modified setae; b-asistyle on mesal face of cephalic end with a strong dusky lobe that bears
three strong setae; inner dististyle bilobed on outer half , both lobes
bearing relatively few setae.
Male.-Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.; Antenna, about
2.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae (male) relatively long, nearlv
one-half the body, black throughout; flagellar segments elongatesubcylindrical, the longest verticils subequal to or slightly longer than!h" segments. Head dull black; anterior vertex very broad, nearl1'
four times the diameter of the scape;a low tubercle on anterior vertex.
Pronotum brownish black; anterior pretergites and lateral ends of the
pronotal scutellum yellow. Mesonotum black, the scutellum andrnediotergite slightly pruinose. Pleura black, with a broad silvery
longitudinal stripe on the dorsal sternopleurite, paling to yellow on
the ventral pteropleurite and meral region; dorsopleural membrane
infuscated. Halteres brownish black. Legs with the fore coxaebrownish black, the middle and posterior pairs paler; trochanters brown;
remainder of legs black. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, evendeeper in color over the anterior cord and in cell M adjoining vein Cu;
stigma elongate, darker brown; veins brownish black. Venation:
Scr ending nearly opposite the fork of R2a3-.,,-a,Sczsome distance from its
tip r-m at fork of Rs; vein R2 nearly obsolete, transverse; cell lst Mz
long, with rn-cu just before midlength. The right wing of the holotype
has an adventitious crossveinnear the base of cell ?nd.Mz.
Abdomen black. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite large,
conspicuously emarginate by a V-shaped notch, the margins of thebroad lobes thus formed smooth: dorsum of each lobe with about adozen strong setae. Basistyle short and stout, near base of mesal
face with a strong dusky tubercle bearing three strong setae. Outerdististyle a simple slender glabrous rod, its tip obtuse. fnner dististylebilobed on outer half, the outer arrn or lobe longest, both lobes bearing
few setae. Apex of phaltosomeemarginate.

Lt2

AnnalsEntomologicalsocietyoJAmerica[Vol..XLII,'
Habitat.-Peru(Huanuco)'-Holotype'd,'FundoSinchono'altitudeQ, pinnedwith

1b00meters,A"il;t*igai'(S.h;;i.6i|tt'otopotvpe,

typ-e-'-.
'^..

ies such as Gnophomyiar1., otmilo,"
in appearanceanr
to spectsimilar-in
Whil" generally
relited .species,..-thepresent
and(Gnophomyi.a);';t;;i:ri"-eil""-"h"toittt" male hypopygium' particuflv isentirely distinct in the.t*Ji*"

iJrr, irr"^-t"rgiii basistyteand inner dististyle.
Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia)socialissp' n'
ArdY,paling to reddish
Ge'eral colorationof praescrrirr*brownish
br-owhishblack; halteresbrown on sid.es;thoracic pf"ot" titiped withtips narrowly dark brown;
yellow, knob a.tf.-fto*r, ; i"-ortt;iit*,.thebest indicated by awings yellow, reitrictedly patteltiJ *iitt brown,
Ist Mz; vein Rzcloseto thedarkeningof the cord arrdo"t"t^""J oi cell M.zlong and narrow; male""b;;o*-tt'ird.R;;;; i"! .ttl
fork of Rz+a+r,
u1"-u.a, uottr lobes blackened'oisffii"th;-l;""r*iili
hypopygirr*"
Iiot6.-Length, about 6 mm'; wing' 6'5 mm'with scapea'd pedicel
Rostrum y.ilo*; palpi brown. Aiiennaethe
first segmentpaler;
obscuretestaceousybttow, n"g.ii"tt Uf".q
Head

flagellarr"g','",ir?J;il'iigi't1f';i;;ti;;-it'""t"tlfiX;rrotum

their verticils'

yellow abo'e, br-ownon the sides;pretergites.whitened'paiing to reddishb-rown
Mesonotafpru.r".rrit;; b;";"i.t gi"y medially, oale vellow; postenor"ta iateral borderon sid.es,tt"-.iJi t.gil
bf scutal lobesobscurescleritesof notum dark brown; po.i"tior-angles
Pleura and pleurotergite
yellow; posteriJr-toia.t of ..,rt.it'.r1o"t;11;;
blact<longitudinal stripe
vellow, with a broad .o.,rpi.,rl.6^ Li"*"istr dorsalpleurites,merging
r"glJti ".t*9-itte
extendingfrom ltr" **i."i.'"tttral edge; dorsopleurai
gradually with i.1'" y.ffo* gt;;;d-;l-ih"
with stem light yellow, knob
membrane abruptly yellow. ii.ri.t*
pale yellow; femora
dark brown. Legs with "o** -""a irochanters of 16gsyellow' theremaindei^
vellow, the tipi ;;t;"*ly J"tk brown;
wit| the ground yellow, thewilg;outer tarsal segmentsinfuscatJd.
i restric'tedbrownprearculal ?"g ;;stal field' """*" cleaier yellow;
outer end of cell lst, Mz, ttle
oattern, rnctudingthe stigma, cord and veins:very palebrown washes
iatter two best-indicatedby the;;tk;.4
of ce1lsCu and?nd A; veinsnear outer end;i;;ii t ""a t"-;;;t;tdarker. \renation: scr ending avellow, those b!,;e 'ora. **"*Li ,r"i.t Rzir-m shortlv before the fork
ffi 1*=i Li
ihort distance;f-;one-thirditr+'iveins Rsandof Rs; Rzato, ifJ." io-iorf. of Rr*r*n,aboutfor their entire lengths;cell
Ralong, g".,.r.t1y parallel t"-;;;;;"irr"i outwardly tn-cuat near midi*ia".redMzto.,g "rr?'i"t;;;;."trv
1st,t""*ilu""t##i'
narrowlyt.rgit", brownish black, the -lateral borders
unarmed'short and stout,
pale. Male hypopygiumwith;;";;;iJtyle
tip obtuse'the mesalface
Outer dististyiet';"ift;; Ui..l"t.a-ioa, iftt Inner dististyleunusuallyat near midleagth'ricroscopi""ity"i";il9"!
blackenedknob, the tip
compacr,uneqirallybilobed,.til.'olt"t toU"_asurface of styleobtuse, the il"lr'f"U" .-.ff"t, fif.&ii" blackened;a b o v e w i t h a t r a n s r , e r s e r o * , o f fcentral
i v e s t r Slackenedo n q b r i s tknob'l e s . Pitsh atipllosomeclepressed-n"ti.nlJ,'t",nrl".t* i; aobtuse.

1949]

Alexander: Crone-flies
from Sou.thAmerica

113

Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype, d, Chinchao, altitude 2500
meters, in wooded hills, September 20, L947 (George Woytkowski).
Among the other regional species that have the wings slightly
patterned with darker, including Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) argutula
Alexandet, G. (G.) dupler Alexander, and G. (G.) regnatrir Alexander,
the present fly is most similar to the last in general coloration and wing
pattern. It differs conspicuously in the small size and in the detailsof venation. The male sex of regnatrir is still unknown.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) subflebilis sp. n.
Male.-Length, about 5 mm.;wing, 5.5 mm.; antenna,about 1.1mm.
Characters generally as in f,ebilis Alexander, differing in important
hypopygial characters. Wings with the basenot so scarcelybrightened;
stigma present but very narrow. Male hypopygium having the ninth
tergite with its caudal margin very gently convex, on either side of thernidline and widely separated with a stout darkened tubercle. Outerclististyle unusually long and slender, narrowed very gradually to theacute tip. fnner dististyle with the basal lobe low, provided with twostrong setae, the remainder of upper face of style with nine further
similar setae; ventral surface of apex with a further group of shortspinous setae. Phallosome relatively narrow, the apex blackened,obtuse.
H abitat.-Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora). H olotype, &, Zun'tbi, Rio
Zamora, altitude 700 meters, November 1, 1941 (Laddey).
The present fly is close to Gno.phomyia(Gnophom^via)
flebilfs Alex(G.)
perocutiorander and G.
sp. n., the chief distinctions being found in
the structure of the male hypopygium. Both peracutiorand su,bfebilis
have the knobs of the halteres deep 1'ellou'.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) peracutior sp. n.
General coloration black, the posterior pleurites faintly pruinose;
halteres with stem blackened, knob deep yellow; femora brownish
black; wings with a strong brownish tinge, more yellowed at base; nostigmal darkening; Rr+s relatively long, exceeding one-half JRs;male
hypopygium with inconspicuouslateral tergal tubercles; outer dististylegradually narrowed into a long acute spine.
M ale.-Length, about 5.5 mm. ; wing, 6 mm. ; antenna,about 1.4mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; flagellar
segmentsoval. Head black.
Thorax almost uniformly black, the surface subnitidous; pretergites
narrowly obscure yellow; posterior pleurites faintly pruinose, moreheavily so on the metapleural region; meron paler. Halteres withstem blackened, knob deep yellow. Legs with the coxae brownish
black; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brownish black, the bases
narrowly more yellowed, most evidently so on the posterior pair; tibiae
and tarsi brownish black to black. Wings with a strong brownish tinge,
the prearcular field narrowly but conspicuously yellow; no evidenceof a stigmal darkening; veins brown, pale in the brightened basal
portions. Venation: Rs gently arcuated, not as extendedbasally as insubf,ebilistRr+zlonger than in the latter species,exceedingone-half thelength of Rs; cells bevond cord longer than in su.bf.ebilis.

114

SocietyoJAmerica [Vol. XLII,Annals Entomological

Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hypg:pygi"* *ittr the outer i"t"ot ."-gtes 9f tlre tergite terminatin_gin a smalliti"?"rpi"uous tubercle; from bJneath the tergite juts caudad what is
io U. the proc_tiger,each outer latelal ?ng1eo{ which bears;;ild;Jl- ri"gf" strong seta. Ouler dististyle 1o'g and slender,_gradually-abo_ut ffrore slender than irl
narrowed.into a long acute spine, thii apparently'iiWU,;iit.
four strong setae on the
Inner dlstistyle siout, withlo# basal lobe and six bthers more distad. Phallosome termirrating-in a relatively narrow blackerredknob.
Habitat.-J:Pei (Huanuco). Holotype,d , Fundo Sinchono,altitude
meters, August 5, 1947 (Schunke).
1500-tfri. fl_vis mo-stnearly allied to-Gnophornyig(Gnophoruyia)subfebllls
rp. "., anlring especiallyin_the coloration of the Foly and wings and inifr" altails of"venation and structure of the male hypopygium.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) tricornis sp' n'General coloration of the body black, the mesonotum subnitidous;
anterior pretergites restrictedly yel!o.q;-metapleural region and knobs
yellow; wingi whitish subhyaline, stigma large.,pale;i-irat*;abru]ttyi;.o"rpilnous; r-rn at oibefore the fork of Rs; Rz.very faint to;;;il,
obso'iete;cell lst.Mz elongate; male lVnolySium, with the"i*"rifyo"t"r a-i.tistyle a strong glabrous rod, narrowed to the obtuse more
yetto*ea "p6*; inner clisti"stylewith two arms, the basal -lobe being
btg, approximateiy two-thirds the maiu axis of the style'ir""t""ffymm.;'wing, 6 mm.; atrtenna,about
5.2"-it.?t
Aii.-Leigth,'about
1.:l-1.4mm.
'
Rostrum alcl palpi black. Antennae black tirroughout.; flagellar
oval to iong-oval. .Head dull black, gpar;.ely pminose.
,"srn."ii
Pronotum black, tfre anterior pretergites restrictedly ye1low. Mesonotum uniformly black, the surface subnitidous. Pleura black, sparsely
pruinose to pro'duc. u'.otn"wh-at plumbeous appearancej-metapleural;;;i"" rU*ptty yellow; dorsopleural membra.e black. Halteres withstlm black,^k"o6-co.spicuo.tily light yellow. -Legs uniformly black.
Wi"gt *ftitittt subfryalineor with t.,t"ry ry"?k brownish tinge; stigmad,g{ pale brow", ii.o"rpicuous; veins ltt\ brown, Sc more yellowed.
Venation: .tr, ettding from about opposite tlre fork of Rs to near midf"ngttt of Rr*r*., .Str'tottt" distance fibm its tip i r-m at or shortly befor.e
the fork of Rs'; Rz transverse, very faint to virtually obsolete.;-celllst Mzlong, r"d"q".f to vein i[rb_"yond it; fn-cu at near one-third tolength of cell lst M*
one-fourth-the- -euao-"",i""ifiaing hypopygium, black .throughout. Male Itypopvgium distinctive. f.tg"t ieg"ion ngt well developed 4or spinous'";armedl the iiner apical portion with a group 9t "eryil"ril;i";i*pG,
ir"g-*16* r.t* fi"- hyaline punctures;buter face of .style with thesetie'small anJ scatterei. Outer dististyle a strong-simple^glabrous
the obtuse yellow apei, on mesal face before apex
-ret^ti"t",toa, ""rtowed io
including an^outer strongerapicu-latepoint'r"lt"r""picallyI"""r-aiJtiriyi. ;1;A siraight "tit, at_apex F.l! upward.into a lobe
IttJ i"prorrid.d with"stronE setae;-atbaie of this arm with a strong
branch that is "ppto*i-ateiy two-ihirds as long, from a dilated base'it " .n.f"ce of ;i!| t"." "tr.i apex with strong slattered setae. Phall-

1949]

Alexander: Crane-fl,ies
from SouthArnerica

115

osome a blackened mass, the apex narrowed into an obtuse, morestrongly darkened part.
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holotype, &, Sariapampa, in fog
forest, altitude 3600meters, M"y 4, 1946 (Woytkowski). Paratopoty?e,
I d , May 11, 1946(Woytkowski).
Superficially the present fly resemblesspeciessuch as Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia)moestitiaAlexander and relatives but is entirely distinct
from all other black specieshaving the knobs of the halteres yellow.
The structure of the inner dististyle of the malehypopygium is distinctive.
Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia)adjusta sp. n.
General coloration black, the mesonotum subopaque by a weak
bloom; antennaeand legsblack; halteresblack, the knobs conspicuously
bright yellow;wings with a strong brownish tinge, stigma not indicated;
Sc short, Scr ending about oppositethe fork of Rs; cell lst Mz long andnarrow, subequalto 'u'einM a; male hypopygium with the median regionof the caudal border produced into pale membranous tissue; outerdististyle blackened, twisted before the more yellowed obtuse apex;
inner dististyle with unusually numerous setae.
M ale.-Length, about 6.5 mm. ; wing, 5.8 mm. ; antenna about
1 . 5m m .
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout, the scapernore pruinose; flagellar segments oval, the outer ones progressively
shorter; verticils much longer than the segments. Head dull black;anterior vertex broad. the eves relativelv small.
Pronotum brownish blaci<,the laterai ends and the anterior pretergites obscureorangeyellow; an even more restricted brightening on theposterior pretergites before the wing root. Mesonotum black, thesurface subopaque by a weak bloom. Pleura black, more pminose
ventrally, especiallybehind; meral region vaguely brightened. Halteresblack, the knobs conspicuouslybright yellow. Legs with the coxae
black, more or less pruinose, the middle pair heavily so; remainder oflegsblack. Wings with a strong brownish tinge; stigma not indicated;veins dark brown. \'enation: Sc short, Scr ending about oppositethe
fork, Sczabout oppositetwo-thirds the length of Rs; Rs oblique, nearlystraight, r-m close to its fork; vein Rz faint, slightly oblique, at or
beyond the fork of R2..31a;cell lst Mz long and narrow, slightly widened
outwardly, subequal in length to vein Mai rn-cu just before midlengthof cell lst Mz.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black. Male hypopygium withthe tergite transverse,relatively long, the median region of the caudal
border further produced into paler membranoustissue, as is common ina section of the subgenus;this is distorted and torn in the type andcannot be accurately described. Basistyle stout, blackened, without
lobes. Outer dististyle a glabrous blackened rod, gently curved,
twisted before the obtuse more yellowed apex. Inner dististyle withthe apical portion a cylindrical tumid lobe, its tip obtuse; basal partlower and slightly more pointed, the margin of the notch microscopicallyroughened; surface of entire style with unusually numerous setae.
Phallosomeblackened,nearly cordate in outline, the obtuse apex more
blackened.

116

societyof America [\ro1.XLII,Annals Entomologicolpe, 4.- Sariapampa' irr fog-1946
Habitat.-Peru (Huanuco). Holoty(Woytkowski).^tor.sl, "ttitna" 3600 meters, May 8,
like
In its blackenea-mav and legs, tite presentfly is s!l!9rfi^cia11y,rurio.ri membersof the'tristissiria'group, such as maestitiaLlexander,
h;;.;,'g trc "i"tfr ;git; ot itt" male"^hypopygiumvariously armed withspinoussetae. Fro.ritfr. structureof thb tititi hypopygium,it is evident;frua it is closer to speclessuch as Gnophomyiit,(Gnophomyi'a)f9s;1(G.')
e.t.*u1a.r, G. (b t jitto Alexand.er,G (G.),iata Alexander,G' theofiirtirt Alexande'r,Lia oth"r., differirig in the.detailsof stmcture

ffffi;#;-i;legs'
tG venation,and In the uniformlyblackened

Gnophomyia(Gnophomyia)paucisetasp' n'General coloration of thorax black, sparsely pruinose; knobs oftinge;
halteresyellow; t.gt ftownish black; wings *ith a weak brownish-r"esal male ttypqbvgirlm with the tergite long,.with;;i" R; itigtrtty "Biiq".;
iace of bisi3tyle -producedinto a large obtuse
numercus setae; -of
inner dististyle witli unusually.fey setae, thesei;;;; ;"4.i tot6
tlriti.t.a to the o"t.i ttrira; phaliosomebroadly oval, the apex blackened, entire.
M ale.-Length, about 7.5 mm.; wing, 7 '5 mm.; antenna, about
1.6mm.
of moderate-shorter
Rostrum and PalPi black. Antennaeblack throughout,than thelength; flagellar segments subcylindrical, a little
corre,rerticils. Head dull black; eyesvery large, the anterior vertex

spondinglyreduced.
""-^C;#;1
coloration of thorax black, the surfaceopaqu" bY a sparse
humeraloruinositv,the "Jltiot p*tergites restrictedlymorebrightened; pseudotigt't s.luy pjuinosg, ehclosingthe blacki;;#;ip;;;;;"Pleura
sutural foveae;pori.iioiborfieri of scutal lobesobscureyellow. pruinose
tn. dorsal sternopleurite, becoming
pufbil"tot.
ro-.*ft"tcg-nspigbehind,the metapl;";; yellow. Halteresinfuscated,the knobs
yellowish
uously yel1ow. i.gr ;ittt ttt" coxaedark brown; lrochanters
clearer yellow;.remainder o! legs dark brown toii. rri"aliit
;;;;,
wit-h
brownish black, tire tibiae a tiifle paler than the femora. Wing-s
brownilh-t-g., tfre restricted prearcular field more yellowed;;-;";[.tig*" long and veli. narrow, slightly dgtFgt brown, inconspicuous;
endingveins brown, y"11o*' itr the preaiculir field. \ienation: Scr
r-tn
close
i*"*ai"t.fv b"lot. ttrr."phalic end of the-slightly obliqu1!r; witl;r tn-cu
l" ifr. fork"of ni; ceff I ti M, subequalin length to vein Mq,
iust bevond one-fourththe length''*hypoplygium,black. Male hypopygium with
.fu7o",,'in]^l".r"ai"g-1ol&.
ih"- t-ength.fPProxima-telyone-third thetne Tergii" i"f"ti*iy
setae'
it"".""i.e diamet.t bt wiatfr; surfacewith relatively.numerous into
the lateral orres-i;fu;"d stout; median region of tergite produced
Basistyl.ea broad flatteneJ fb;, the apex rounded Ind membianous'
into a-large obtuse lobe provided withstout, its mesall;itoa".{amoresetae. outer airtirtvt. " simple glabrois rod, !h" outer halfof one.rurro*"a, g.uan"iiv'pioa"ced^to lhe subacute tip; the style 'Inner*i"gf" s!r9ng_seta on outer face before apex.
;ia;;"iy'U-""r.-"setae'
ai.tittyft *itft ttte orit"r lobe"long,-clavate, with unusually few basal
entarged
thetJthe outer third;these restricted-"pp-*i-"t"lyle4elAlexander: Crone-fliesfrom South,America

117

part of style with relatively few setae. Phallosomebroadly oval, theapex blackened,entire; aedeagusjutting beyond the apex of the major
phallosomicstmcture as a slenderrod, its apex capitate, yellow.
Habitat.-Pem (Huanuco). Hol'otype,C, Fundo Sinchono,altitude
1500meters,August 5, 1947(Schunke).
The present fly is most similar to species such as Gnophomyia(Gnophomyi.a)f,ebilis Alexander,G. (G.) lata Alexander,G. (G.) perlata
Alexander, and others, differing especiallyin the structure of the malehypopygium.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia)perseverasp. n.
Mesonotum almost uniformly dark brown; antennae short; pleurawith a brown dorsal stripe; halteres infuscated; wings with a weakbrown tinge; veins delicatei Scr ending shortly before the slightty
oblique Rzi cell Ist Mz long and narrow, with m-cu at one-third its
length; male hypopygium brownish black; tergite unusually narrow,unmodified,provided with sparsesetae;no lobeson basistyle;phallosome
oval, the apex narrowly emarginate.
Male.-Length, about 5.5 mm.; wing, 5.2 mm.; antenna, about
1 . 2m m .
Female.-Length, about 6 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae relatively short,brownish black throughout; flagellar segments subcylindrical, thelongest verticils exceedingthe segments. Head dark gray,lighter grayon front and anterior vertex, the latter (in male) narrow, about one-halfrvider than the diameter of the scape,the eyes coffespondingly large.
Pronotum orange-yellow above, darker on sides; pretergites paler
vellow. Mesonotum almost uniformly dark brown, the praescutum
more pruinose;lateral bordersof scutal lobesobscureyellow, parascutella
brown; pleurotergite dark brorvn on ventral portion, paling to yellow
on dorsal half in male, uniformly darkened in female. Pleura witha broad dark brown longitudinal stripe, the ventral sclerites abruptly
brownish yellow, clearer yellow behind; dorsopleural region narrowly
yellow. Halteres infuscated, the base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs
with the coxae yellow, the fore pair darker, the posterior coxae clear
light yellow; trochanters yellow; femora obscureyellow, the tips more
infuscated; tibiae and tarsi light brown, the outer tarsal segments
passing into brownish black. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, theprearcular field more yellowed; stigma elongate, pale brown, only alittle darker than the ground;veins very delicate,brown, more yellowedin the prearcular field. Venation: Sc long, Sc, ending shortly before
the level of the cephalic end of the oblique semiobliterated Rr; Rs
straight, r-rn at its fork; cell ,/sl Mzlong and narrow, subequalto or atrifle shorter than vein Ma, with n -cu at one-third its length.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Male hypopygium with the tergite unusually narrow, the transverse width fully
five times the longitudinal dimension; caudal margin unarmed and not
producedmedially behind, as in related species;setaesparseand delicate,arranged virtually in a single row, this becoming double on the central
third of the sclerite. Basistyle without lobes. Outer dististyle aglabrous darkened rod, narrowed gradually to the subacutetip. Inner

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Annals EntomologicalSocietyof America [Vol. XLII,

at -apel-Produced
dististyle with the apical lobe nearly -para11e1-s!ded,
ventrad into a lobel basal lobe moderately developed. Phallosome
oval in outline, the apex narrowly emarginate, each lobe thus formed
blackened at apex.
Habitat.-P-eru (Loreto). Holotype, d, Cerro Azul, April 30, 1947
(Schunke).
'
Most'nearly allied to species such as Gnophornyia1C1o4\t1W7I)
bonksiano Aleiander, G. (G.) subhyalina Alexander, and G. (G.) .ailis
Alexander, difiering from itt in the- structure of the male hypopygium'
The very narrow ninth tergite is noteworthy.
Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) mediotuberculata sp. n.
Mesonotum chiefly brown, the humeral region of -praescutum
yellow; pleura yellow with a broad_conspicuous brownish black longlludinai itrip" icross the dorsal sclerites; .knobs of halteres brownish
black; wingi with a weak grayish tinge; stigma brownish yellow, smalland scarcJly evident; vein Rz distin-t, transverse; cell .Ist Mz small,rn-cu at near midlength; male hypopygium with the terg-itetransverse,
its posterior portion extended into a 19.g depressed-flattenedlobe;
on surface of [ergite with a tubercle bearing several strong setae; outerdististyle flattendd and twisted; inner dististyle produced laterad at tip
into a short point; phallosomeemarginate medially, the-two laterallobes thus formed blackened and microscopicallyroughened.
Mate.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.; antenna,about 1..\mrl.
Female.-Length, about 8 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Rostrum andlalpi black. Antennae with the scapebrowtr, pe_clicel
testaceous yellow, hagellum dark brown;.. flage11arsegments -19ng:
subcylindrical, the longest verticils exceeding the - segments. Headbrownish Erdy, the orbits clearer gray; eyes large, the anterior vertex(male) retiti"ety narrow, apparently less than three times the diameterof the scape.
Mesonotum chiefly brown, the humeral and lateral portions ofpraescutum yellow, pieudosutural foveae blackene{; posterior lateral
portions of scutal lobesand the narrow posterior border of the scutellum
bb..nt. yellow; anterolateral parts of-mediotergite-yellowed. Pleuray"tto*, *ith a'broad conspicuous brownish black longitudinal -stripe
6xtending onto the pteropleurite. Halteres short, brownish black, thebasal hafi of stem yeilow.^ Legs with the coxaeand trochanters yellow;
f"-otr and tibiae-yel1ow, thJ tips more infuscated; tarsi brown, thebasitarsi paler. Wings with a weak grayish tinge; stigma. sma11andscrt"ely indicated, brdwnish yellow, no[ crbssingvein Rr+zbehind; veins
brow", *ore brightened in the stigmal and prearcular fields. \renation:
Sc, ending oppo"siteRz, Scz just-beyond the level of the fork of Rs:
i-m at toit< of Rs; vein R, distinct, transverse; cetl -lsl Mz telatively
sma1l,shorter than any of the veins beyond it, the second section ofvein ly'r-,.2less than ot e-third the outer se-ctionin male, somewhat longer
i" t"-"t.; rn-cuat near midlength of cell lst Mz; cell ?nd A broad, thevein gently arcuated.
R6aoniinal tergites brownish black, sternites yellow; _hypgpyg]yT,
inclqding tergite-*ith a"ndbasistyle, yellow, the dististyles darkened' Male
the tergit! trdnsverse, the posterior portion producecl
t Vp.pyfin-

19491

Alexander: Crane-fl,ies
from SouthAmercca

119extension,the roundedapexwith
caudadinto a long depressed-flattened
microscopicsetulae; on surface at midline of tergite with a rounded
tubercle bearing about ten strong setae. Basistyle stout, the mesal
face at near midlength produced into a pale fingerlike lobe. Outerdististyle a flattened twisted rod, the mesalmargin near basemicroscopically toothed or roughened. Inner dististyle about two-thirds as long,at apex producedlaterad into a blunt point. Phallosomewith the lobeof either side blackened,the surfacemicroscopicallyroughened;tip ofaedeagusjutting caudadbeyond the central emargination.
Habitat.-Peru (Loreto). Holotyfe, d, Contamana,Upper Ucayali
River, May 22, t947 (Schunke). Allotopoty|e, 9, pinned with type.
Most like species such as Gnophomyia (Gnophomyi,a)apicul'aris
Alexander, G. (G.) subapicul,arisAlexander, and allies, differing mostevidently in the structure of the male hypopygium, especially the
tergite, dististyles, and phallosome.