740

Dr. C. P. Alexander onwhich is know[ to me only from literature. I t differsfrom P. microlobata in having no yellowish brown area on
the anterior margin of the frons, in its dark brown femora,
in the convex margin of the tenth tergite, and in thepresence of a small downcurved hook at the upper apicalangle of the sub-anal plate.

Xamimuria latior Klapalek.
Kapalek, 1912, Cas. Ces. Spol. Ent. ix. pp. 91, 105.
Kapalek, 1923, (loll. Zool. Selys Longch. iv. (2), p. 24.
Wu, 1936, Peking Nat. His~. Bull. xi. (2), p. 184.

Tm~.T, no ot]aer data, 1 ~, 4 ~ , from the MeLacblan
collection.
Kamimuria sp.
TIBET, Gyangtse, 13,000 ft., vi. 1904, 1 ~ (H. J. Walton),
Tibet Expedition.
Kamimuria sp.
T~ET, Chumbi, 10,000 ft., 18. vi. 1924, 1 ~ (Major
R. W. G. Hgng~,~ton). This specimen is decidedly brachypterous.

L X X I I . - - l V e w or little-known Tiputidm (Diptera).-L X X V I I . Oriental-Australasian Species. B y ~_ARL~S•. ALEXA~DER~ Ph.D., F.R.E.S., Massachusetts State
College, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
1N the present and following parts under this title I hope
to discuss the rich fauna of the combined Oriental andAustralasian regions. Such a combination seems justified
in the light of our present knowledge of distribution ofplants and avAmals. The fo.rmer clear-cut demarcation
between the two great regions no longer seems to exist, andthe idea is being replaced by a belief in a major transitionarea lying between Wallaee's Line on the west and Weber'sLine on the ea~st, this area commonly being referred to as
Wallacea. The following short bibliography concerning
his problem is cited : - BEA~O~T, L. F. DE. 1926.
Zoogeographic van den Indischen
Archipel." Haarlem, Volksuniversiteits Bibliothek, xxxv. pp. 1202.
B~O~-GERS~, L. D. 1936. Some corrmaents upon H. C. Raven's
paper : ~Vallace's Line and the distribution of Indo-Aus~ralianm a m m a l s . ' Arch. Neerlandaises Zoo]. ii. pp. 240-256.
""

n e w or li ttle-l~nown Tipulidm

741

DIc~soN,
R. E., a n d others. 1928.
Distribution of life in t h ePhilippines." Bur. Sei. Manila, Men. xxi. pp. 1-322 (firstp r o p o s a l of Wallacea).
KAme~.N, P. N. VA~. 1911. " The zoogeography of the E a s t I n d i a n
Archipelago." Amer. Nat. xlv. pp. 537-560.
KLOSS, C. B. 1929.
The zoo-geographical boundaries b e t w e e n
Asia a n d Australia and some oriffntal subregions.'" Bull.
Raffles Mus. ii. pp. 1-10.
MAnila, ER~TST. 1944 a. " Wallace's Line in the light of rec~nt zoogeographic studies." ~ u a r t . Rev. Biol. xix. no. 1, pp. 1-14
(reprinted in " Science mud Scientists in the N e t h e r l a n d s Indies,'"
N a t u I ~ w e t . Tijds. v e e r NederI. Indic, eft. special s u p p l e m e n t ,pp. 241-250 ; 1945).
1944b. " The birds of T h n o r and S u m b a . " Bull. Amer.
Mus. l~at. Hist. Ixxxiii. pp. 123-194.
RAVEN, H . C .
1935. " Wallace's Line a n d the distribution of I n d o Australian m a m m a l s . " Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. lxviii.
pp. 179-283.
SCRIV]~NOR,J. B., T. H. BURKILL, M. A. SMITH, A. ST. CORBET, H. K .
A~ax SHAW, P. W. RICHARDS,and F. E. ZEU~ER. 1943. " A
discussion of the biogeographic division of the I n d o - A u s t r a t i a n
Archipelago." Prec. Linn. See. London, Sess. 154, pp. 120-165.
TATS, G. H . H .
1946. " Geographical distribution of the b a t s in t h e.australasian Archipelago." Amer. Mus. Novitates,1323,
pp. 1-21.
""

At this time I am discussing a part of the very richcollections made in New Guinea, and the outlying islandsof Waigeu and Japen, by Miss L. Evelyn Cheesman, who
has done so very much to make known the insect faunaof this intensely interesting area. Miss Cheesman's
fascinating books, ' Land of the Red B i r d ' and ' The tworoads of Papua,' as well as articles in the ' Geographica
Journal,' 1938, 1940 and 1941, should be consulted. The
latter articles include " The Cyclops Mountains of Dutch
New Guinea," 1. c. xci. pp. 21-30, plates, map, 1938, and" Two unexplored islands off Dutch New Guinea : Waigeu
and Japen," l.c. xcv. pp. 208-217, plates, map, 1940.
All holotypes of the new species here described, with asingle exception, are preserved in the British Museum(Natural History); certain of the paratypes in m ycollection. I wish to express my very deep thanks toMiss Cheesman and to the authorities of the British
Museum, particularly Mr. Riley and Dr. Smart, for theopportunity of studying this outstanding series of Tipulidm.
All species here treated belong to the tribe Hexatomini.
A u s t r o l i m n o p h i l a (A u s t r o l i m n o p h i l a ) discoboloides, sp. n.

Dorsal thoracic pleura and anterior portion of prmscutum
brown, the remainder of disc of mesonotum yellow,

742

Dr. C. P. Alexander onsparsely pruinose ; wings pale yellow, with an ooelliform
brown pattern that is much as in certain species of_Discobola ; m~le hypopygium with the tergite terminatingin two smooth blackened lobes that are separated by a
deep and narrow notch; inner dististyle irregular inoutline.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 10 mm. ; wing 10 ram. ; antenna
about 4 ram.
Female.---Length about 10 mm. ; wing 10.5 ram.
Rostrum dark brown; palpi black. Antenn,e withbasal three segments yellow, succeeding segments bicoloured, the bases brownish black, the remainder yellow,
the dark colour occupying less than one-half the segment,
becoming slightly more extensive on outer segments;
flagcllar segments long-cylindrical, longer than theverticfls. Head with the front and anterior vertex grey
pruinose, the posterior vertex more infuscated, paling to
obscure yellow behind.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotal pr~escutum with thedisc yellow, sparsely pruinose, the cephalic and lateralborders broadly brown, the colour continued backward
over the dorsal pleurites to the pleurotergite, most intense
beneath the wing-root; posterior selerites of notum
brownish grey, each scutal lobe with a major brown area,
pleurotergite less heavily darkened. Halteres elongate,
uniformly pale yellow. Legs with the cox~e and trochanters yellow ; femora brown, the tips rather narrowly
but conspicuously yellow ; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Wings
pale yellow, with an ocelliform brown pattern that is
generally similar in appearance and arrangement tocertain species of Limonia, subgenus Discobola, as
annulata; ocelli centring above Crculus; origin of Bs;
fork of MI+ ~; ends of all longitudinal veins, those inradial field solid but pale brown; a very large ocellate
area encircles the entire cord and outer end of cell 1st Me,completely crossing t h e wing from costa to vein 1st A at
margin; an incomplete area in axitlary region; veins
yellow, darker in the patterned areas. Venation: R srelatively short, weakly angulated at origin ; R2 lying far
distad, only a little shorter than vein RI+ ~ ; anterior cord
oblique, the inner end of cell 1st M 2 lying most basad ;petiole of cell M~ about one-third the cell; cell 1st M 2
relatively small, with m - c u at near two-fifths to one-halfthe length ; cell 2nd A narrow.

new or little-known Tipulidae.

743

Abdomen reddish brown, the caudal borders of thesegments restrictedly paler ; basal sternites pale yellow ;genital shield pale ; eerci long and slender, gently upcurved
to t h e acute tips. Male hypopygium with the caudal
margin of tergite produced into two heavily blackened
lobes that are separated by a very deep and narrow mediannotch; lobes smooth, obtusely *rounded; surface oftergite back from the lobes with numerous set,e, some of
the lateral ones large. Basistyle on mesal face before apex
bearing a glabrous finger-like lobe, its apex obtuse. Outerdististyle broadly flattened, narrowed gradually to theacute tip, the surface microscopically setulose. Innerdististyle very irregular in outline, more or less expanded
at apex, which is further produced into a strong spine;
ventral margin of style near base with a strong toothlike lobe. Interbases appearing as very strongly-curved
hooks, narrowed gradually to the acute tips.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Mount Tara, altitude 8500 feet, March,
1934 (L. E. Cheesman). Allotopotype, ~_, in author's
collectSon.
A ustrolimnophila (A ustrolimnophila ) discoboloides isentirely different in its wing-pattern from all other regional
members of the subgenus. The wing coloration is
strikingly like that of various species of the genus Limonia,
subgenus Discobola, such a annulata (Linnaeus), and alsosimilar to certain Neotropical species of the genus
Epiphragma.
A ustrolimnophila (A ustrolimnophila) cyclopica, sp. n.
Mesonotum light reddish brown in front, including
nearly the cephalic half of the pr~eseutum, the remainderof notum light ashen grey, without pattern ; antennae andlegs yellow or brownish yellow ; wings very pale yellow,
handsomely patterned with brown, including about five
major costal darkenings, the third at stigma ; seams overcord and outer end of cell 1st M 2 ; marginal spots at endsof all veins excepting R 5 and M1; inner end of cell
1st M~ arcuated, lying far proximad of the other elementsof cord; m-cu at near two-thirds the length of cell
1st M2 ; male hypopygium with the dististyles complex,
the outer style with the base expanded and densely set withmicroscopic points; inner style with its lower margin
toothed or erose.

744

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Male.--Length about 8 mm. ; wing 8.8 mm. ; antenna
about 3 ram.
Female.--Length about 9-10 mm. ; wing 9-9.5 mm.
Rostrum and palpi light yellow. Antennae relatively
long, especially in male, yellow, the outer segmentsslightly more brownish yellow; flagellar segments longcylindrical, with scattered verticils, the longest only alittle more than one-half the segments. Head dark grey~
lighter grey in front; anterior vertex narrow in both
sexes b u t especially in male, at the narrowest point about
equal to two rows of ommatidia.
Pronotum buffy yellow. :Mesonotum fight reddish
brown in front, including nearly the cephalic haft o f theprmscutum, the remainder of notum fight ashen grey~
without pattern; pleurotergite reddish brown. Pleuragrey, the sternopleurite infuscated; propleura yellow.
Halteres elongate, pale yellow, the apex of knob a trifle
darker. Legs with the coxm pale yellow, sparsely prninose ;trochanters yellow; remainder o f legs pale yellow orbrownish yellow, the outer tarsal segments a trifle darker.
Wings with a very pale yellow ground, handsomely
patterned with brown, as follows :--about five major
costal darkenings, the first at and above the arculus,
extending from C to Ca; second at origin of Rs,
extending from C to M, constricted in centre ; third arealargest, at stigma, extending from C to vein R 4, barely
connected with a smaller area over the anterior cord;
other large areas at R2 and RI+ e and at end of vein R a ;narrower seams over cord, outer end of cell 1st M2, fork of
MI+ 2 and as marginal spots at ends of the veins, thelargest one over 1st A where it is confluent with the seamover m - c u , no darkenings on veins R 5 or M 1 ; a further
conspicuous dark area in cell 2nd A at near mid-length;cell 1st Me pale; veins yellow, pale brown in the clouded
portions. Venation: Sc 1 ending shortly beyond fork of
R2+3+~, Sc~ at its t i p ; Rl+e about twice R2; Re+3+4
almost in longitudinal alignment with Rs; vein R~+ 3
perpendicular at origin ; inner end of cell 1st M 2 arcuated,
lying far proximad of the other elements of cord ; m-cu atnear two-thirds the length o f cell 1st M~ ; cell M1 deep,
almost twice its petiole ; cell 2nd A relatively narrow.
Abdominal tergites testaceous brown or yellowish brown,
without clearly-defined pattern;sternites more bi-

new or littte-/cnown Tipulidze.

745

coloured, chiefly obscure yellow with about the proximal
third brown, the sides more narrowly infuscated;hypopygium dark brown. M a l e hypopygium with thecentral area of caudal border of tergite produced andbilobed, the lobes separated by a V-shaped notch, rounded,each with a low darkened apical flange. Basistyle slender,
the mesal surface emarginate or sinuous, with a fingerlike lobe before apex. Dististyles complex, the outerstyle expanded at base, narrowed into an elongate rostrat
portion; expanded part densely set with microscopic
points, each of which terminates in a bristle ; inner stylelarger and longer than the above, its lower margin
conspicuously toothed or erose. Interbase appearing as aflattened plate that terminates in a strong curved spine.
Hab. Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, c~, Mount Cyclops, Cyclops Mountains,altitude 7500 feet, March 1936 (L. E. Cheesman).
AUotype, 9, Cyclops Mountains, altitude 3500 feet, March,
1936 (L. E. Cheesman). Paratopotype, 1 ~, with the
holotype ; 1 ~ with the allotype.
Among the previously-described regional species, t h epresent fly is closest to Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila)
fluxa Alexander and A. (A.) interjecta Alexander. From
the former it differs in the heavy wing-pattern, with aconspicuous costal pattern; from the latter it differs in
the venation and wing-pattern, including the brzken
dark band over the cord, leaving cell 1st M 2 chiefly pale,
and the long cell ]st, M~ with its inner end strongly
areuated.

A ustrolimnoph ila (A ustrolimnophila ) jobiensis, sp. n.
Thoracic pleura and anterior portion of prsescutum darkbrown, the remainder of disc of mesonotum more
uniformly brownish grey; wings with the ground-colour
yellow, restrictedly patterned with brown; vein R2+3+4
about one-half as long as Rs ; male hypopygium with thecaudal border of the tergite broadly emarginate, thelateral angles produced, each bearing a strong black spine
on ventral surface; outer dististyle slender, nearlyparallel-sided, the tip slightly decurved.
Male.~Length about 8-8-5 mm. ; wing 10-10-5 ram. ;antenna about 3-5 ram.
Female.--Length ~bou~ 10-10.5 ram. ; wing 10-I1 mm~

746

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rostrum brown; palpi darker brown. Antennae withthe proximM segments testaceous brown or pale brown,
the outer ones darker brown, in cases relatively pale orfeebly bicoloured ; scape more or less pruinose ; flagellar
segments elongate, exceeding the longest verticils. Headdark brown ; anterior vertex (male) much reduced, only
about as wide as two rows of ommatidia.
Pronotum and the broad anterior border of pr~escutum
dark brown, the colour continued over the entire pleura ;posterior sclerites of notum, including the disc ofprmscutum, uniformly brownish grey. Halteres elongate,
pale brown. Legs with all cox~e dark brown ; trochantersobscure yellow; fore femora brown, the tips paler;posterior femora more nearly uniformly pale ; fore tibiae
and tarsi apparently darker than those of the other legs.
Wings with the ground-colour yellow, the prearcular andcostal fields somewhat clearer yellow; a relatively
restricted b u t conspicuous brown pattern that is confinedto the vicinity of the veins, arranged as follows :--amarginal series of spots, lacking on R 5 ; spots at arculus ;origin of R s ; cord and outer end of cell 1st M e, and forkof MI+ e ; a larger stigmal area over the forks of Sc andR~+3+4; veins yellow darker in the patterned areas.
Venation : Sc 1 ending beyond fork of Re+a+~, the longer
Sce near its tip ; R s strongly arcuated at origin ; R2+a+4
about one-half R s ; R~+ e nearly three times R e ; innerend of cell 1st M2 lying a short distance proximad of cells
R 3 and R~ ; cell M 1 less than twice its petiole ; m - c u atnear two-thirds the length of the long cell 1st M e.
Abdomen with the tergites brown, basal sternites moreyellowed, the large conspicuous hypopygium dark brown.
Male hypopygium with the tergite large, the caudal
margin with a broad rounded notch, the outer angles moreproduced, on their lower face with a blackened spine.
Basistyle conspicuously hairy at tips; interbases very
slender, only moderately curved. Outer dististyle slender,
nearly parallel-sided, the tip narrowed and slightly
decurved ; on outer margin near base with a slightly tumid
area provided with abundant erect setee. Inner dististylea little longer, more blackened, setiferous at base, at apex
expanded into an outer or dorsal spinous point, the ventral
angle broadly obtuse.
Hab. Northern Dutch New Guinea.

new or little-known Tipulid~e.

747

Holotype, c~, Camp 2, Mount Eiori, Japen, altitude
2000feet, September, 1938 (L. E. Cheesman). Allotopotype,
9. Paratopotypes, 3 3 9, all badly broken.
Most similar to Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila)
cyclopica, sp. n., differing veE~ conspicuously in the
structure of the male hypopygium and in various detailsof coloration.
A ustrolimnophila (A ustrolimnophila ) japenensis, sp. n.
Cephalic portion of mesonotum brown, the colour
continued backward over the pleura, the remainder of themesonotum brownish grey ; knob of halteres infuscated ;legs yellow ; wings yellow, with a restricted brown pattern,including areas over the cord, forks of veins and as
marginal spots at ends of all longitudinal veins except
Rh; Rs short, nearly square at origdn; R2+3+~ a trifle
longer than cell 1st M2; male hypopygium with thecaudal margin of tergite notched and heavily blackened ;interbases appearing as flattened plates, the apical borderwith several long points to appee~r fimbriate; three
dististyles, the outer a slender spine.
Male.--Length about 7.5 ram. ; wing 9 ram.
The unique type is badly damaged and discoloured.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae with the scapeblack; pedicel dark brown; flagellum broken. Headblack, heavily grey pruinose; anterior vertex relatively
narrow, a trifle less than the diameter of scape.
Pronotum and anterior portion of preescutum brown, theeolour continued backward over the dorsal pleura as abroad stripe; remainder of mesonotum pale brown,
sparsely prninose to appear brownish grey. Ventral
pleura somewhat paler than the dorsal part. Haltereselongate, stem obscure yellow, knob infuscated. Legs
with the coxm brown; troehanters obscure yellow;
femora obscure brownish yellow, the tibiae and tarsi
clearer yellow. Wings with the ground-co!our yellow,
restrictedly patterned with brown, including isolated
spots, as follows :--over arculus ; origin of Rs ; cord andouter end of cell 1st M2, and forks of R2+3+ ~ and MI+ 2 ;marginal spots at ends of all longitudinal veins excepting
Rh, larger in the outer radial and medial fields ; veins pale
brown or brownish yellow, darker in the patterned areas.
Venation : Sc 1 ending shortly beyond the origin of R2+a,748

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Sc~, at its tip ; Rs short, nearly square at origin ; R~+~+~
nearly straight, a trifle longer than cell 1st M~; R1+2
nearly twice R 2 ; petiole of cell M 1 about one-half thecell ; m-cu just before mid-length of cell 1st M~.
Abdominal tergites brown, the caudM margins andlateral borders narrowly darker ; sternites more yellowed,
the posterior borders darkened. Male hypopygium withthe tcrgite transverse, the caudal margin with a narrow
U-shaped median notch, the broad lobes obliquely
truncate, their margins heavily blackened. Basistyle with
the interbase appearing as a flattened plate, its apicalborder with long strong fimbriate points. Three dististyles, including a slender outer spine. The normallyouter style is fleshy, near its apex the ventral angle further
produced into a spinous, narrowly cultrate blade. Innerdististyle longer, appearing as a flattened narrow paddle,t h e . lower margin with long coarse setse. 2Edeagus
narrow, its apex bilobed or scoop-like.
Hab. Northern Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, ~, Camp 3, Central Range, Mount Oud~altitude 3500 feet, November, 1938 (L. E. Cheesman).
The most similar species include Austrolimnophila(Austrolimnophila) cyclopica, sp. n., and A. (A.) linx,
sp. n. ; the former differs conspicuously in the structure of
the male hypopygium, the latter, still known only fromthe female, in all details of wing venation.
A ustrolimnophila (A ustrolimnophila ) linty, sp. n.
General coloration of mesonotum medium brown~
sparsely pruinose, the broad anterior and lateral portions.
of the prsescutum darker brown, tills colour continued
back over the dorsal pleura; femora brown, the tips
narrowly paler, tibiae and tarsi yellow; wings yellow~
restrictedly patterned with brown spots that are confinedto the vicinity of the veins ; no dark pattern on proximal
fourth of wing; R~+3+ 4 very long, only a tittle shorter
than Rs; inner ends of cells R 4 and 1st M~ arcuated,
lying pr0ximad of cell R 5 ; cell 1st M~ long, with m-cu atnear mid-length.
Female.--Length. about 9 mm. ; wing 8.5 ram.
Rostrum and patpi black. Antennae with the scape andpedicel black; flagellum broken.
Head black, discoloured, presumably more or less pruinose in freshnew or little-know~ Tipulid~e.

749

specimens ; anterior vertex relatively narrow, subequal inwidth to the diameter of scape.
Pronotum and anterior portion of pr~escutum darkbrown, appearing deepest when viewed from above, thecolour of the latter involving the broad anterior andlateral borders, thence continued ventrad over the entire
pleura excepting the paler brown ventral portion;
remainder of mesonotum light reddish brown to medium
brown, virtually unpatterned, the surface sparsely
pruinose. Halteres elongate, the stem pale, vaguely moredarkened at base, knob weakly infuscated. Legs with theeoxm and trochanters pale reddish brown, coneolorouswith the ventral pleura; femora brown, the tips very
narrowly and vaguely paIer; tibiae and tarsi yellow, the%erminal tarsM segments darkened. Wings with theground-colour yellow, restrietedly patterned with brown,
including a marginal series of relatively small spots at theends of the longitudinal veins, very small on Rs;
additional small areas at origin of R s ; cord and outerend of cell 1st M 2, and over the forks ofR2+a+ a and MI+ 2 ;no darkenings on proximM fourth of wing ; veins yellow,
brown in the patterned areas. Venation: Rs verystrongly areuated at origin, R~+ a+ 4 very long, only a little
shorter than Rs and subequal to cell 1st M~ ; RI+ 2 about
twice R~ ; inner ends of cells R a and 1st Mu lying about ona level and proximad of cell R 5 ; cell M x about one-third
to one-haft longer than its petiole ; m - c u nearly opposite
mid-length of the long subrectangular cell 1st M 2.
Abdominal tergites pale brown, the sternites moreyellowed; genital shield yellow; cerci slender, gently
upeurved to the acute tips.
Hab. Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, 9, Mount Line, Cyclops ~ountains: altitude
3500-4500 feet, ]VIarch, 1936 (L. E. Cheesman).
Among the known regional species the present fly isclosest to A ustrolimnophila (A ustrolimnophila ) japenensis,
sp. n., which differs in the coloration of the body and wings
and in all details of venation. Both species have vein~2+ 3+a unusually long.
Gynoplistia (Paralimnophila) isolate, sp. n.
Thorax almost uniformly orange, the preescutum with anarrow, more infuscated median line; head black,

750

Dr. C. P. Alexander onsparsely pruinose;
legs black, the femoral bases,
particularly of the fore legs, restrictedly yellow; wings
dark brown, p a t t e r n e d with yellow, including the prearculax field, abroad complete band before mid-length, and,in the female only, an isolated subcireular spot beyond thecord; cell M 1 lacking; abdomen orange, the seventh
tergite abruptly dark brown, the outer segments a little
paler brown.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 7.5-8 ram. ; wing 8-8.5 mm.
F e m a l e . - - L e n g t h about 9-10 ram. ; wing 8-9.5 ram.
Rostrum short, brown ; palpi brownish black. Antennae
with the scape and pedical obscure yellow, flagellum black ;flagellar segments oval, simple in both sexes. Head black,sparsely pruinose, more heavily so surrounding theantennal bases ; anterior vertex broad, slightly more than
five times the diameter of scape.
Thorax orange throughout, virtually unpatterned, theprmscutum with a narrow, more infuseated median linethat does not reach either margin. Halteres with stem
obscure brownish yellow, knob blackened. Legs with thecoxm orange; trochanters orange-yellow; remainder oflegs bla~k, the femoral bases restrictedly yellow, more
extensively so on the fore pair where about one-sixth isincluded. Wings handsomely patterned with yellow anddark brown, the more extensive ground of the lattercolour ; prearcular field chiefly yellow, the extreme wingbase a very little more darkened; a broad yellow band
completely traverses the wing, its outer border at near
mid-length, the band almost parallel-sided or a little
widened behind ; in the female only an isolated subcircularyellow spot beyond the cord, at mid-length of cells R a , / ~and 2nd M 2, inclusive ; veins brown, luteous in the yellow
areas. Outer radial branches with numerous macrotrichia, in medial field these restricted to less than outerhaft of distal section of vein MI+ ~. Venation: Scl
ending beyond fork of R2+3"+a, Sc2 some distance from its
tip, Sc i Mone about twice R2+3+ 4 ; R s sinuous, in direct
longitudinal alignment with R~+a+ a, the latter less thanhalf the basal section of Rs; vein ~2 faint; cell M 1
lacking; cell ]st M 2 rectangular, with m - c u at near
mid-length; m - c u and distal section of Cu~ subequal;vein 2rid A strongly sinuous.
Abdomen relatively long, in female with the basal six
segments orange, the seventh tergite abruptly dark brown,new or little-known Tipulidse.

751

the outer segments more chestnut or fiver-brown; inmale, outer three segments uniformly blackened~
Ovipositor with valves horn-yellow, long and slender.
Hab. Northern Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, ~, Cyclops Mountains, altitude 1000 feet,
March, 1945 (Jean Laf~bon); Alexander Collection.
Allotype, c~, Iffar, Lake Sentani, August, 1936 (L. E.
Cheesman). Paratypes, 9 c~ ~, Sabron, Cyclops Mountains~altitude 930 feet, May 5, 1936 (L. E. Cheesman).
In its peculiar wing-patter~ this fly is entirely different
from all other members of the subgenus so far discovered.
Superficially the wings suggest various Oriental species of
the genus Hexatoma, subgenus Eriocera. The sexual
difference in wing-pattern is noteworthy.

Gynoplistia (ParalimnolJhila) e.urypha~a, sp. n.
General coloration of thorax dark fiver-brown, theposterior sclerites and pleura still darker brown ; antennae
14-segmented, flagellar segments simple; legs black, thefemora with the bases and a conspicuous subterminal ringyellow ; wings pale yellow, very heavily and conspicuously
patterned with brown, the areas more or less crossbanded; cell M1 present; male hypopygium with t h egonapophyses needle-like.
Male.--Length about 12 mm. ; wing 12 mm.
The unique type-specimen is badly molded, l%ostrnm
and palpi black. Antennae (male) 14-.segmented, relatively
short, if bent backward ending some distance before thewing-root; scape and pedicel black, basal flagellar
segments brownish yellow, the outer ones passing into
black; flagellar segments simple, oval, with longconspicuous vertiefls. Head black, very sparsely pruinose ;anterior vertex about three times the diameter of scape.
Pronotum dark brown, more blackened medially.
Mesonotum almost uniformly dark fiver-brown, theposterior sclerites and the pleura still darker brown.
Halteres yellow. Legs long and slender; coxae darkbrown (fore pair invisible); trochanters dark brown;
femora black, the bases yellow, more broadly so on fore legs
where about one-fourth is included, narrower on posterior
legs; all femora with a conspicuous yellow subterminal
ring that is about two-thirds as long as the darkened
apex; tibiae and tarsi black. Wings with the groundcolour yellow, conspicuously variegated with brown, the752

Dr. C. P. Alexander onpattern more or less cross-banded; a very extensive area.in bases of cells R and M, especially the former ; a second
area at origin of Rs, extending from costa to M where it is,confluent wi~h a broad conspicuous seam extending
outward to the cord, the centre of area at origin of Rs
slightly brightened ; a major oblique band at cord, moreor less forked at anterior end and enclosing a small yellow.area at end of vein Sc, the band extended obliquely
backward along the cord, the cephalic portion with thecentre again paler than the border; further extensive
darkenings in outer radial field, leaving cell R a pale on its
outer fourth ; outer end of cell 1st M 2 and a mark covering
the adjoining part of cell Rs, together with a seam alongvein M 2 to the margin, broadly brown; further brownmarginal spots at ends of veins M1, M.~ and M 4 ; cubital
and anal cells extensively variegated brown and paleyellow; costal border chiefly darkened, preareular field
extensively pale ; veins yellow in the ground areas, brownin the darkened portions. Venation : cell R a very shortpetiolate to nearly sessile; cell M 1 deep, about three tofour times its petiole ; cell 1st M s large, with m-c~t justbeyond mid-length.
Abdomen with basal segment dark brown, the succeeding
tergites obscure yellow; sternites a trifle darker, more
infuscated;outer segments and hypopygium more
uniformly blackened. Male hypopygium with the caudal
margin of tergite truncate, the outer lateral angles rounded
and narrowly blackened. Outer distis~yle moderately
flattened, the apical spine relatively slender; innerdististyle narrowed to the obtuse tip, the surface with
abundant scattered yellow setm, some very long ; at baseof styles with a large conspicuous pale lobe, its surface
with numerous coarse setm, two of unusual length,
extending eaudad to beyond the apex of the outer dististyle. Gonapophyses appearing as long needle-like spinesfrom slightly enlarged bases. /Edeagus long and sinuous,with a paler protecting sheath for much of the length.
Proetiger large b u t nearly hyaline and therefore relatively
inconspicuous.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Mount Tufa, altitude 8500 feet, February
1934 (L. E. Cheesman).
The only other regional member of the subgenus so far
made known is Gynoplistia (Paralimnophila) isolata, sp. n.,new or little-known Tipu~id~.

753

an entirely different fly that, has cell M 1 of the wings
lacking.
Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) evelynae, sp. n.
Thorax uniformly pale yellow; head black; antermse
with 11 branched segments in male ; legs black ; wings
bicoloured, the basal third pale yellow, the remainder
strongly infusc~ted; abdomen with basal five segments
yellow, the remainder, including hypopygium, purplish
black.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 9.5-10 ram. ; wing 8 ram. ;a n ~ n n a about 3 mm.
l~ostrum and palpi black. Antennm (male) black
throughout ; 16-segmented, the formula being 2-{-2+9+3;
branches long, those at near mid-length of organ being
approximately two-fifths the entire antenna ; last branch
still elongate, slightly exceeding the three simple segments
combined. Head black, the surface very sparsely pruinose.
Thorax uniformly pale yellow or orange-yellow, opaque,unpatterned; praescutal vestiture short and sparse.
Halteres with stem obscure yellow, brightest at base, thelarge knob black. Legs, including all eoxae and irechanters, black, contrasting markedly with the yellow
thorax. Wings bicoloured, the basal third or a little morepale yellow, extending to the level of origin o f Rs, theremainder of wing strongly infuscated, even more intensely
so in the stigmal region and over the anterior cord ; veinsbrown in the darkened portion, clear light yellow in thepale basal region. All outer medial branches excepting
M 1 pale and weak, without macrotrichia. Venation : R smoderately long, in direct alignment with Rl+a+ ~, thelatter short, subequa] to r - m ; R 2 a little shorter thanR~+ 2 ; cell M , a little less than twice its petiole ; m-cu ator shortlybefore mid-length of the relatively small cell
1st M 2. The right wing of a paratype has cell M 2 open
by the atrophy of m.
Abdomen with the basal five segments uniformly yellow
or fight orange, the remaining segments, including the
hypopygium, purplish black. Male hypopygium relatively
small; ninth tergite with the posterior margin convexly
rounded. Basistyle produced beyond the point ofinsertion of the dististyle as a small lobe, pointed at apex ;the opposite inner angle produced mesad into a smaller
Ann. & Mail. N . Hist. Ser. 11. Vol. xfii.
53

754

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

acute angle. Dististyle single, relatively slender, its apex
a decurved spine; lower margin toward tip microscopically toothed; surface of style with numerous
scattered pale punctures. Phallosome relatively small andsimple; mdeagus stout, the apex paling to membranethat is densely set with small pale spines; apophyses
appearing as closely approximated strong horns, becoming
more divergent near ~heir tips.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Mafulu, altitude 4000 feet, January, 1934
(L. E. Cheesman). Paratopotypes, 2 ~ , December, 1933,
January, 1934.
I take unusual pleasure in dedicating this beautiful
crane-fy to Miss Cheesman, in recognition of her work inmaking known the insect fauna of many of the PacificIslands. The species has no regional ally so far madeknown that is even remotely similar. It is more like
Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) williamsiana Alexander, of New
Caledonia, but the actual relationship is not close.

Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) xanthocera, sp. n.
Size medium (wing, male, about 8 ram.); mesonotal
prmseutum with three polished black stripes on posterior
portion ; ant~nnm small, entirely yellow ; fore femora
stout, densely clothed with black setm; wings weakly
tinged with brown, with three large but diffuse darker
brown areas; abdomen, including hypopyginm, with
abundant erect black setm ; male hypopygium with thebasistyle terminating in two unequal spinous points;
gonapophyses appearing as blackened rods that bear a few
lateral spinous points ; ~edeagus terminating in two large
divergent flaps.
_Male.--Length about 11 ram. ; wing 8.2 ram.
Rostrum very short, yellow; palpi uniformly yellow.
Antenn~ small, uniformly yellow, broken at the tenthsegment; all flagellar segments to this point with single
relatively short branches, the longest (about flagellar
segments 5 or 6) about five to six times the segment, on
the eighth flagellar segment about three times the segment.
Head brown, with black vestiture.
Pronotum reddish brown, heavily yellow pollinose.
Mesonotal prmscutum with three short polished blacknew or little-known Tipuli~l~.

755

stripes, the cephalic fifth of the sclerite more uniformly
reddish or reddish brown, the posterior iaterspaces with agreyish yellow pollen and with satin; each scutal lobe
chiefly covered by a polished black area, the remainder ofthe scutum and scutellum brown, sparsely pollinose;
mediotergite testaceous yellow, somewhat darkened
behind; pleurotergite and metapleura brownish black.
Pleura with the propleura and anterior portion ofmesopleura yellow, delicately pollinose; mesepisternum
black, forming a transverse girdle, the mesepimeron pale,with yellow pollen. Halteres yellow, knob dark brown.
Legs with the fore coxm pale, yellow pollinose ; trochanter
yellow; fore femur stout, black, 3/allow basally, with
abundant semi-erect black setm; tibia pale yellow, the tip
brownish black; basM tarsal segments dirty white, theouter ones passing into black ; middle and hind coxse andtroehanters more blackened, especially the posterior ones ;middle femur yellow, the tip narrowly darkened, set~e paleand inconspicuous but long; tibia whitened, the tip
narrowly dark brown ; basal tarsal segments dirty white,
the tips narrowly darkened; posterior legs broken, thecox0e with conspicuous black setoe. Wings with a weakbrownish tinge, with three large but diffuse darker brownareas, the first post-arcular in the bases of cells R and M ;second area at origin of R s , third a major darkening
extending from stigma over the anterior cord to cell
1st M~ ; prearcular field more yellowed ; veins yellowish
brown to pale brown. Venation : Cell R 3 nearly sessile,
R~+a+ 4 being very short; veins R 3 and R4 strongly
divergent so cell R3 at margin is very wide, R~
correspondingly narrow, scarcely one-fourth as extensive ;cell M 1 about one-fourth longer than its petiole ; m--cu atnear one-third the length of cell 1st M e.
Abdomen, including hypopygium, black with very
abundant erect black set~e to present a shaggy appearance.
Male hypopygium with the basistyle relatively slender,
terminating in a large dorsal black spine and a smaller
ventrM one, between them the single dististyle ; this latteris slender, gently curved, its apex a rounded knob set off
by a ventral constriction, the surface with scatteredpunctures. Phallosome consisting of two blackened
apophyses that terminate in a blackened spine, with about
five strong lateral spines or points to produce a branched
53*

756

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

appearance. ~Edeagus slender, at apex expanded into
two very large divergent lobes or flaps.
Hab. Northern Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, c~, Cyclops Mountains, Sabron, altitude
900 feet, May, 1936 (L. E. Cheesman).
The present fly is so different from the other describedregional species that comparison seems unnecessary. Thevery hairy body and unusually small yellow antennm~
together with a characteristic structure and pattern of thelegs, wings and male hypopygium, mark the species ~,sbeing very distinct.

Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) chalybeata, sp. n.
General coloration of mesothorax almost uniformly steel
blue, the postnotum heavily grey pruinose; headtestaceous yellow; antennm 16-segmented, with ninebranched segments° the longest branch about six times thesegment; fore' and middle femora yellow~ the tips
narrowly brownish black; posterior femora brownish
black, with a broad yellow subterminal ring; wings
whitish subhyaline, with a restricted brown pattern,including" three darker costal areas; wing-tip broadly
paler brown ; abdomen shiny black.
Male.--Length about 6-5 ram. ; wing 6.7 ram.
Rostrum obscure yellow ; palpi black, the first segment
brownish yellow. Anterm~e (male) 16-segmented, theformula being 2 A-2-[- 7 + 5 ; scape and pedicel pale yellow~
flagellum, including the branches, black, the stems of themore proximal segments obscure yellow, of the following
two or three with the incisures more restrie~dly pale ;branch of first flagellar segment a little less than threetimes the segment, of the second nearly five times thesegment; longest branch (about fiagellar segment 6)
nearly six times the segment. Head with the front
obscure yellow, the broad posterior vertex more ~estaeeous
yellow.
Pronotum brown. Mesonotum almost uniformly s~ed
blue, the surface with a sparse grey prninosity, thisbecoming very heavy on the mediotergite and pleuro:
tergite, especially conspicuous when the two latter are
viewed from above ; vestiture of thorax very sparse, paleand inconspicuous. P l e u r a brownish black, sparsely
pruinose. Halteres with stem yellow, knob dark brown.
Legs with all cox~e black, grey pruinose: trochanters~ew or littte-]cnow~ Tipulida3.

757

black; fore and middle femora light yellow, with about
the distal eighth brownish black; tibia brown, the tips
darker ; tarsi brown, the basitarsi a trifle more whitened ;posterior femora brownish black with a broad subterminal
yellow ring, this about three times the dark tip or
approximately one-fifth the total length of the segment ;tibia brown, darkest on basal half, the tip brownish black ;tarsi eoloured about as on the other legs. Wings with theground whitish subhyaline, with a restricted pattern;
three darker brown areas, inchlding arcuhis, origin ofRs, and a major triangular mark at stigma and over theanterior cord, extending to r-m; a further weak brown
cloud on vein 1st A, including both cells Cu and 1st A, intransverse alignment with the dark area at origin of
Rs ; narrow b u t evident brown seams over the posterior
cord and outer end of cell 1st M~ ; wing tip extensively
very pale brown, extending nearly as far basad as the forkof M 1 . 2 ; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc 1 ending
nearly opposite the fork of Rs, the latter long, exceeding
the anterior branch of Rs; R~:+~+4 short, subequal tom ; veins R~ and R~ strongly divergent so cell R3 at margin
is very extensive, cell R~ correspondingly reduced, only
from one-fifth to one-sixth cell Ra ; cell M~ subequal to its
petiole ; m-cu about one-third its length beyond the forkof M ; both anal veins strongly sinuous in opposite
directions so cell 1st A at near mid-length is unusually wide.
Abdomen shiny black, the bases of the more proximal
segments more piceous; outer segments, with the hypopygium, uniformly black; vestiture dark, of moderate
length o ~ y , relatively inconspicuous. The hypopygium isimbedded in the mounting medium on a point and cannot
be described.
Hub. Northern Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, c~, Humboldt Bay, Hollandia, sea-level_
February, 1936 (L. E. Cheesman).
Among the described species, the present fly is mostsimilar to Gyno~[istia (Gynoplistia) occipitatis de l~eijere,differing in the structure of the antennm and ir~ ali details©~ coloration of the legs, wings and abdomen.
Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) dileuca, sp. n.
Size very small (wing, female~ 5 ram.); generalco~ora.tion of :~hora,x and abdomen black ; head brownish

758

Dr. C. P. Alexander onyellow; antennae (female) 16-segmented, very weakly
serrate; posterior tibia with a white basal ring, t h eproximal two tarsal segments snowy white; wings
subhyaline, with two more or less broken cross-bands, thewing-tip very vaguely darkened ; Sc relatively short, Sc 1
ending at near four-fifths the length of Rs, the latterstrongly angulated at origin ; cell M 1 small, a little morethan one-third its petiole ; cell 1st M 2 almost square.
F e m a l e . - - L e n g t h about 5 ram. ; wing 5 ram.
Rostrum yellow ; palpi pale brown. Antennae (female)
16-segmented ; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum brown ;flagellar segments 1 and 2 scarcely serrate~ with glabrous
apical pedicels ; segments 3 to 6, inclusive, with a shortproduction on one face, giving a very weak serrate
appearance, the toothing most pronounced on flagellar
segment 3 ; apical pedicels becoming shorter, obsolete on
the last serrated segment; outer segments short andcrowded, the terminal one again elongate, about as long as
the preceding three segments combined. Head brownish
yellow.
Mesonotum chiefly blackened, the cephalic portion ofpr~escutum and the pronotum paler, obscure yellow.
Pleura with the dorsal sclerites, as well as the pleurotergite, blackened, the lower edge passing beneath the rootof the haiteres ; ventral pleurites more narrowly yellow,
with a silvery pruinosity. Halteres strongly infuscated.
Legs with the coxm and trochanters pale yellow; fore
femora yellow with about the outer fifth brownish blackand slightly dilated ; tibiae pale yellow, the tips narrowly
darkened ; tarsi yellow, the outer two segments broken ;middle femora about as on fore pair, tibiae pale brown witha narrow silvery white ring at base ; basitarsi dirty white,
the remainder of middle tarsi broken; posterior femora
yellow with the outer fifth dilated and darkened; tibim
with a conspicuous white basal ring, including more thanthe proximal fourth of segment, the remainder a little moredarkened, the tip narrowly brownish black ; proximal two
tarsal segments snowy white, the outer three a trifle
darker. Wings with the ground-colour subhyaline, patternedwith brown, chiefly appearing as two cross-bands, thefirst at the level of origin o f Rs, appearing as a quadratearea in cell R, with more or less interrupted areas behindto cell 1st A, not quite reaching the margin ; second ban4

new or little-lcnown Tipulid~e.

759

completely traversing the wing at the stigma and cord,nearly parallel-sided, narrowed at the posterior border andleaving the centre of cell 1st M2 partly of the ground,stigma slightly more darkened; wing-tip very vaguelydarkened, merging with the ground in the cells beyond thecord ; veins light brown, a trifle darker in the patterned
portions. Venation : Sc relatively short, Sc 1 ending about
opposite four-fifths to five-sixths the length of Rs, S% at
its tip; Rs very strongly angulated at origin; veins Ra
and R 4 strongly divergent, cell R 2 at margin about onefourth R 8 ; R2+ 3+~ a little longer than r-m ; cell M 1 small,a little more than one-third its petiole, cell 1st M S almost
square, with m-cu at midNlength of the lower face.
Abdomen brownish black, with short, inconspicuous
setm; genital shield polished black, the valves, andespecially the elongate eerci, yellow.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, 9, Mafu]u, altitude 4000 feet, December, 1933
(L. E. Cheesman).
The present fly is entirely distinct from all other small
regional species of the genus, being most like forms suchas Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) siebersi Edwards, yet differingin all details of coloration and venation. The very reduced
serration of the female antennae should be emphasized.
Gynoplistia (Gynoplistia) waigeuensis, sp. n.
Mesonotum reddish yellow; antennse (male) 16segmented, with 12 long-branched segments ; legs obscureyellow, the outer tarsal segments blackened; wings
whitish subhyaline, with two brown areas, the larger overthe stigma and anterior cord; cell M1 lacking; malehypopygium with the basistyle terminating in two
blackened points, the outer a flattened lobe that is armed
with about five spines ; inner gonapophysis appearing asa slender black spine bearing a more slender spinous
branch on mesal face near base.
Male.--Length about 7.5 mm. ; wing 7 mm.
Rostrum reddish yellow; palpi yellow. Antennm(male) 16-segmented ; formula 2~-2-~-10~-2 ; scapeyellowish brown, pedicel a trifle darker brown ; flagellum,
including branches, black with a silvery pubescence;longest branch exceeding one-third the total length oforgan ; terminal segment elongate, fully one-haft longer

760

Dr. C. P. Alexander onthan the penultimate. H e a d dark brown, sparsely
pruinose, more reddish brown above.
Pronotum yellow. Mesonotum reddish yellow, thepr~escutum a trifle darker; postnotum clearer yellow.
Pleura yellow, the mesepisternum more reddened ; dorsopleural membrane yellow. Halteres with stem obscureyellow, knob brown. Legs with the eox~e and trochanters
yellow; remainder of legs obscure yellow, the tarsal
segments slightly darker at tips; outer segments more
uiiformly blackened. Wings whitish subhyMine, with avery restricted brown pattern that includes a small spotover origin of Rs and a major area along the cord,
extending from costa to r - m ; veins brown. Venation:veins Rz and R 4 strongly divergent, cell R e small, at
margin very narrow, only about one-tenth as extensive as
cell R a ; R~+ ~+~ short, slightly more than one-third r-m, indirect longitudinal alignment with Rs and R 4 ; cell M 1
lacking ; cell 2nd M e twice as long as 1st M e ; m-cu atnear two-fifths the length of cell 1st M 2.
AbdominM tergites fulvous orange, vaguely patternedwith darker, this presumably resulting from discoloration ;outer segments and hypopygium darker brown, Male
hypopygium with the ninth tergite large, its caudal margin
convexly rounded. Basistyle terminating in two blackened
structures, the outer a flattened lobe that is armed withfour or five spines and points, the outermost stouter, its
tip blunt and microscopically dentieulate; inner point
extended into a long slender spine. Dististyle a single
simple rod, at tip slightly constricted into an @ e M
button. PhMlosome with the lateral apophysis pale,appearing as a branched rod, the outer arm slender andweak; inner apophysis heavily blackened, a straight
black spine, its inner margin near base produced at a rightangle into a more slender and slightly shorter spine.
~Edeagus short.
Hab. Northern Dutch New Guinea.
Holotype, c?, Camp Nok, Waigeu, altitude 2500 feet,
April, 1938 (L. E. Cheesman).
There are now several species in this generM region thatlack cell M 1 of the wings. The most similar of these to thepresent fly is Gynoplistia (Gynol)listia) perjucunda Riedel,
which differs in the coloration, structure of the antennae,and in the details of the male hypopygium.

y~ew (re little-known Tipulidm.

761

Trogh)phila tafana, sp. n.

General coloration of thorax medium brown: theabdominal tergites darkex ; antenna~ (male) nearly as longas the wing; wings with a weak brownish tinge,
unpatterned; Sc 1 ending nearly opposite r - m ; R2+3+ 4
nearly as long as the more arcuated Rs; m-cu about
one-fourth its own length before fork Of M ; malehypopyginm with inner dististyle pale, narrowed to thesubacute tip, on face of style with a single very long
bristle.
M a l e . - - L e n g t h about 4-4.2 ram. ; wing 5-5.4 ram. ;antenna about 5-5-2 ram.
Rostrum light yellowish brown; palpi dark brown.
Antennm (male) elongate, nearly as long as the wing ; darkbrown, the scape and pedicel a very little paler ; flagellar
segments elongate-cylindrical, with very long outspreading
vertici!s scattered over virtually the whole length, thelongest of these nearly equal to the segments ; additional
shorter erect setm that are approximately one-fii~h as longas the segment.
Head dark brown, sparsely pruinose;
anterior vertex reduced to a narrow strip that is only
about
one-third
as wide as the scape, the eyescorrespondingly large.
Thorax almost uniformly medium
brown, the pleura atrifle paler than the notum,
more yellowish brown.
Halteres obscure, the knobs weakly darkened.
Legs withthe eox~e yellow ; troehanterstestaceous
yellow ;remainder of legs brown;
tibial spurs distinct; claws
small. Wings with a weak brownish tinge, unpatterned ;veins light brown.
Venation : Sc I ending nearly opposite
r-m, Sc 2 a short distance from its tip, Sc~ alone ~ little
shorter than r-m;
R2+3+ 4 nearly as long as the moreareuated Rs; R2+ 3 suberect a n d more or less arcuated,
subequal in length to or shorter than BI+~; R e about
twice as long as Sc2; cell Ist M e nearly one-half thelength of outer section of vein M 3 ; m-cu about one-fourth
its length before the fork of 2]/.
Abdominal tergites dark brown; stenfites obscureyellow ; hypopygium more brownish yellow. Male hypopygium of simple construction, the outer dististyle aslender curved blackened rod, split at tip, the lower orouter point more flattened. Inner dististyle pMe, narrowed
to the subaeute tip which bears a terminal se~a ; on face

762

Dr. C. P. Alexander onof style at near mid-length with a single very long andstrong bristle that is approximately one-half as long as thestyle. Gonapophyses appearing as pale flattened blades~
the tips shortly acute.
Hab. Papua.
Hototype, ~, Mount Tara, altitude 8500 feet, March, 1934

(L. E. Cheesman).
The most closely-related species are Troglophila
cotobatgensis Alexander, of Mindanao, and T. monticola
Edwards, of Borneo, which differ especially in the details:of venation and in other characters. The present is thefirst record of occurrence of the genus in the AustralasianRegion.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyode8) d~edalus, sp. n.
Size relatively large (wing, male, to 9 ram.) ; rostrum
long, fully one-half the length of wing; mesonotum
uniformly orange, the anterior thoracic pleurites moredarkened; legs brownish black, the femoral bases
restrictedly obscure yellow ; wings with a strong brownish
tinge, conspicuously patterned with darker brown;
abdomen dimidiate, the segments yellow on basal rings,
the posterior half or more blackened.
Male.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 7-8 ram. ;wing 8-9 ram. ; rostrum about 4-5-5 mm.
I~ostrum black, fully one-hMf the length of wing.
Antennae black throughout, 14-segmented ; flagellar
segments elongate-eylindrical, with very long conspicuous
verticils. Head brownish black, sparsely prninose to
produce a piumbeous appearance, the posterior portions
more reddened; anterior vertex relatively narrow,
subequal to the diameter of scape.
Pronotum obscure fulvous. Mesonotum uniformly
orange, without pattern. Pleura with the propleura,
dorsal mesopleura, anepisternum and anterior sternopleurite darkened, the remainder, including all posteriorsclerites, orange. Halteres wi~h stem yellow, knob
brownish black. Legs with fore coxm infuscated,remaining cox0e orange ; all trochanters testaceous yellow ;remainder of legs brownish black, the femoral bases
restrictedly obscure yellow; femora and tibim with
scattered semiereet set~e. Wings with a strong brownish
tinge, restrietedly but conspicuously patterned with stillnew or little-known Tipulidm.

763

darker brown, including the stigma and broad seams a t
origin of Rs, along cord and over outer end of cell 1st M2~
the last narrower; distal half of outer radial cells
darkened ; a more or less distinct pale longitudinal streakin cell M adjoining the vein; prearcular medial cell notbrightened; veins dark brown. Venation: Scl ending ashort distance beyond fork of Rs~ S% near its tip; R~
short, strongly arcuated to almost square at origin, in
direct longitudinal aligaament with Rs; anterior branchof Rs running generally parallel and very close to R + ~cell R~ at margin narrow; m-cu at near one-th rd thelength of cell 1st M~; cell 2nd A relatively wide on
basal third, thence gradually narrowed to the acute outer
end.
Abdomen more or less bicoloured ; basal tergite yellow,
succeeding four or five segments yellow basally, brownish
black on more than the posterior half; outer segments,
including hypopygium, uniformly blackened ; basal
sternites more uniformly pale, narrowly darkened beyond
mid-length.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Ishurava, altitude 3000 feet, July, 1933

(L. E. Cheesman).

Paratopotypes, 2 ~ .

In its wing-pattern and venation, the present fly is mostsimilar to Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes) argenteocincta(Walker), of Borneo, a black species with conspicuous
silvery rings on the abdomen and with the venational
details distinct.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes) diIigens, sp. n.
Size medium (wing, male, 8 ram.); rostrum about
one-half the length of the wing ; thorax almost uniformly
brownish yellow, unpatterned, the vestiture sparse orlacking; legs brownish black; wings with a strong
brownish tinge, virtually unpatterned except for the
narrow darker brown costal border; prearcular field
unbrightcned, concolorous with the ground; abdomen
dimidiate, the segments obscure yellow, ringed posteriorly
with dark brown ; hypopygium obscure yellow.
Male.=-Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 ram. ; wing
8 mm. ; rostrun~ about 4 mm.
Rostrum brownish black, about one-half the length ofwing. Antenn~ black throughout; flagellar segments

764

Dr. C. P. Alexander on

elongate, with the usual v e r y long verticfls. Head above
dark brown ; anterior vertex relatively narrow, about aswide as three rows of ommatidia or approximately
two-thirds as wide as the diameter of the scape.
Pronotum and mesonotum almost uniformly brownish
yellow, unpatterned; prmscutum with sparse but longscattered setse, mediotergite glabrous or virtually so (ascompared with hyalibasis). Pleura somewhat darker,
especially ventrally. HMteres blackened, the base of stem
restrictedly paler. Legs with the eox~e pale brown or
yellowish brown; trochanters yellow; femora brown,
somewhat darker outwardly ; tibim and tarsi darker brownor brownish black. Wings with a strong brownish tinge,
virtually unpatterned except for the narrow darker brown
costal border that involves cells C and Sc, continued distad
to the termination Of vein R 5 ; veins comprising the cord
not or scarcely seamed; prearcular field not at allbrightened, as in hyalibasis, eoneolorous with t h e ground ;veins dark brown. Venation: Rs moderately long,subequal to or exceeding i n length cell 1st M.,, nearlysquare at origin; anterior branch of Rs beyond origin
nearly straight, vein R 5 deflected strongly toward thewing-tip ; cell 1st M e rectangular, relatively large, about
us long as the distal section of MI+ z, r~-cu about opposite
one-third the length; cell 2nd A narrow, a little merewidened on proximal third.
Abdomen conspicuously dimidiate, the segments obscureyellow, ringed posteriorly w i t h dark brown, the yellow
including s e g m e n t 1 and the broad basM rings ofsegments 2 to 7, inclusive, the dark apices narrower;
eighth segment more uniformly darkened; hypopygium
obscure yellow, more darkened apieMly.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Kokoda, altitude 1200 feet, AugustSeptember, t933 (L. E. Cheesman) ; Collector's No. 89.
Among the described regional species the present fly isclosest to Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes) hyaNbasis
Alexander, of north-east New Guinea. The latter differs
in coloration, especially of the wings and in the rather
conspicuously hairy mesonotum.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes) argyrophora, sp. n.
Size small (wing tess than 6 ram.); rostrum about
one-half the length of wing ; ~horax uniformly brownish

new or litde-known Tipulid~e.

765

black ; wings with a very strong brownish tinge, patternedwith still darker brown, this including very broad seams
over the entire length of Rs and the cord as far caudad asvein M ; in cases with a supernumerary or adventitious
cross vein in cell R 5 ; Rs almost square at origin ; abdomen
black, the third to sixth tergites with nacreous or silvery
basal rings, t h e subterminal segments uniformly opaque
black.
Female.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 6 mm. ;wing 5-5-5.8 ram. ; rostrum about 3-3-1 ram.
Rostrum black, moderately long, about one-half theremainder of body. Antennae black throughout " flagellar
segments (female) long-oval, with very long verticfls.
Head dull black.
Thorax uniformly brownish black, the surface polished.
Halteres brownish black. Legs brownish black throughout. Wings with a very strong brownish tinge, patternedWith still darker brown, the eolour including very broad
seams over the entire length of Rs and the cord as far
back as M, likewise involving the basal fourth of cell R 3
and adjoining parts; outer end of cell 1st M s morenarrowly darkened, with a d u s k y cloud in cell Ra
immediately cephalad, the latter covering the supernumerary cross-vein when this is present; costal borderand outer radial margin a trifle darker than the ground ;veins dark brown. Venation: Rs almost square atorigin ; m-cu at near one-third the length of cell 1st M2,
the latter about as long" as vein M 4 ; cell 2nd A moderately
broad, a trifle wider before mid-length; in the type asupernumerary or adventitious cross-vein in cell R~
opposite or just beyond the level of m ; in the paratype,which seems unquestionably to be conspecifie, this vein islacking but is represented by the dark pattern describedabove.
Abdomen black, the third to sixth tergites, inclusive,with nacreous or silvery basal rings, the subterminall
segments uniformly opaque black. Ovipositor with thegenital shield brownish black, the long valves horn-yellow
to brown.
Hab. Papua.
Helotype, ~_, Kokoda, altitude 1200 feet, June, 1933
(L. E. Chee~man). Para~opotype, 9, September-October~
1933 (L. E. Cheesman) ; Collector's No. 112.

766

On new or little-lcnown Tipulidse.

In its black colour and very heavily-patterned wings,
Chis fly agrees most closely with the Bornean
Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes) argentocincta (Walker),which differs in the details of coloration and in venation.
I possess a homotylJe specimen of the latter, determinedb y Edwards, and it is evidently a distinct species.

Elephantomyia (Elephantomyodes ) brachyrhyncha, sp. n.
Size small (wing, female, 6 ram.) ; rostrum very short,less than one-third the wing ; thorax uniformly brownish
black, polished ; legs black ; wings with a strong brownish¢inge, virtually unpatterned except for the darker costal
border; abdomen v e l v e t y black, both the tergites andsternites with basal silvery or nacreous rings, involving
segments 2 through 7.
Female.--Length, excluding rostrum, about 6-5 ram. ;wing 6 mm. ; rostrum about 2 ram.
Rostrum unusually short, only about one-third thewing or body, brown basally, passing into black at outerend. Antennm with scape and pedicel dark brown orbro~mish black, ~tagellum black; flagellar segments
long-oval, with very long verticils. H e a d black, sparsely
pruinose ; anterior vertex about as wide as the diameterof the pedicel.
Thorax uniformly brownish black, polished. Halteresbrownish black. Legs with the coxm and troehantersbrownish black ; remainder of legs medium to dark brown,
the femoral bases restrictedly more yellowed. Wings witha strong brownish tinge, virtually unpatterned except for
the narrow darker brown costal border, this including
cells C and Sc, continued outward to t~he tip of vein R 5 ;prearcular medial cell concolorous with the ground ; veinsbrown. Venation: Rs strongly arcuated at origin;
R~+a+ 4 perpendicular at base; cell 1st M 2 subequal inlength to distal section of vein MI+ 2, with m--cu at near
one-third its length; cell 2nd A narrow, a very little
widened o n proximM third.
Abdomen velvety black, both tergites and sternites
ringed with nacreous or silvery, this eolour occurring as
broad basal rings on segments 2 to 7, inclusive, on thethree outer of these rings about equal in width to theblackened tips, on the more proximal segments somewhat
narrower; outer segments more uniformly blackened;On some Species of the Genus Pectinopygus.

767~¢alves of ovipositor blackened basally, more horn-yellow
outwardly.
Hab. Papua.
Holotype, ~, Mafulu, altitude 4000 feet, December, 1933
(L. E. Cheesman) ; Collector's No. 129.
The most similar regional species is Elephantomyia(Elephantomyodes) argyrophora, sp. n., which differs
conspicuously in the long rostrum and heavily-patternedwings, as well as having fewer silvery abdominal rings.
What seems to represent the present species is a single
female from Kokoda, Papua, altitude 1200 feet, June,
1933, taken by Miss Cheesman, where the entire thorax islight reddish brown. This m a y represent a general
cbndition or m a y perhaps indicate a distinct race or
species.

L X X I I I .--Notes on Species of the Genus Pectinopygus (s. l.).
(Mallophaga).--III.*
By Go~DoN B. THOMSON(Assistant Curator, Science Museum, Institute of
Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica).
[Plate XVI.]IN this part, the third of m y series dealing with thespecies of Pectinopygus, I propose to deal with the species
occurring On the Cormorant (Phalacrocorax c. earbo Linn.)
and the Shag (Phalacrocorax a. aristotelis (Linn.)).

1. Pectinopygus (Philichthyophaga) gyricornis (Denny).
BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Lipeurus gyricornis Denny, 1842, Anoplur. Brit. pp. 58, 167, pl. xv. f. 1.
]Philopterus gyricorne (Denny), Gervais, 1844, in Walekenaer's Histoire
Naturelle des Insectes,' III. Apt~res, p. 355.

Lipeurus toxoeeras Nitzsch, G/ebel, 1866, Zeit, fi ges. Nut. xxviii, p. 386.
~Li/peurus toxoceros Nitzsch, Giebel~ 1874, Inseeta Epizoa, p. 237.
Lipeurus longicorni~ Piaget, 1880, Les P@diculines, pp. 334-335, pl. xxvii.
f. 3 (partita).
Lipeurus toxoceros Giebel, Piaget, 1880, op. cit. pp. 343-344.
Lipeurus longicornis Piaget, Tasehenberg, 1882, Nova Acta Leop. Carol,
xHv. pp. 142 a n d 144 (partita).
Li/peurus gyricornis Denny, Tasehenberg, 1882, op. cir. p. 143.
Lipeurus toxoceras Giobel, Tasehenberg, 1882, op. cir. pp. 143, 149-151,
pl. iv. f. 7.

Lipeurus gyricornis Denny, Kellogg, 1908 Genera Insec~orum, fasc. 66,
p. 40.
* P a r t II. of this series appeared in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1940,(11), vol. v. pp. 429-432.