Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Chapter 2: Natural Disasters and Sustainable Development
This chapter addresses the importance of the link between disaster reduction frameworks anddevelopment initiatives, based on the disaster trends in 2007 as well as the trends from 1975 to 2007.
As we know, various UN agencies, international institutions, and governments have placed highpriority on natural disasters and sustainable development. Hence, it is of paramount importance thatefforts be made to analyze disaster trends in relation to variables of sustainable development, primarily
the Human Development Index and other economic factors, especially in countries that are affected bydisasters. These trends are discussed below.

2.1 Human Development and Natural Disasters

As we are all aware that the human development level (HDL) is a measure of factors that
express a country's level of development, including its literacy rate, gross school enrollment rate, percapita income, and life expectancy. Consequently, these variables are significant in terms of disastermitigation, preparedness planning, and disaster reduction and management strategies. Higher HDLs
will make planning and management strategies and follow-up activities easier in post-disaster periods.
A country's HDL is categorized as high (HHD: 0.8 or higher), medium (MHD: 0.5 to 0.79) or low(LHD: lower than 0.5), in accordance with UNDP specifications. This section presents disaster dataaccording to the HDL.
Income levels are also categorized as high (annual per capita income US$11,456 and above),upper middle (annual per capita income $3,706-$11,455), lower middle (annual per capita income$936-$3,705) and low (annual per capita income less than $935) according to the World Bank
definitions. The figures below show the disaster characteristics by income level, both globally andregionally.
Figures 12, 13A, 13B, 14, 15A, 15B, 16, 17A, and 17B show the relationship between the
HDL and the impacts that disaster-related human suffering and economic losses have on societies andeconomies. Figures 12, 14, and 16 show the number of people killed, the number of total affected
people, and the amount of damage, respectively, by HDL for the period 1975 to 2007. Figures marked
as A and B show the ratio of people killed to population, total affected people per million population,and the ratio of damage to GNI for the world (A) and for Asia (B). Disaster trends for 2007, as in theprevious years, clearly show that human loss and suffering were considerably higher in countries withlow human development (LHD), as the ratios of people killed and people affected to the total
population were considerably higher in LHD countries than in medium human development (MHD) or
high human development (HHD) countries.

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ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

As in the previous years, year 2007 trends indicate that countries with low and medium
human development levels tend to suffer more serious human and economic losses. In the previous
years such as in 2004, 2005 and 2006 disaster trends stressed the importance of disaster reduction in
the developing countries.
The figures for the year 2007, as shown below, clearly illustrate this important point. Since
the human development index reflects a country's literacy rate, life expectancy, and per capita income,
improving these variables could contribute immensely to reducing the impact of natural disasters.
Although considerable disaster damage was sustained in the HHD countries, the impact of disasters, interms of human and economic losses, were more severe in the MHD and LHD countries. Since
developing and less developed countries (LDCs) tend to have low and medium HDLs, and thus tend tohave elevated levels of human and economic losses, their development efforts and ability to compete
within a scenario of global development are limited. Better disaster management approaches are
therefore needed in these regions.
It is also quite evident from the following figures that the ratios of people killed and total affected
people to the total population are high in the LHD and MHD countries, stressing the importance ofincorporating disaster reduction approaches into mainstream national policies. Although the real valueof damage is high in higher income countries, the ratio of damage to GNI is higher in the low andmiddle income countries. Likewise, although the actual human losses are higher in the MHD countries,
the LHD countries are shown to suffer more when the human loss and suffering are expressed as theratio to the total population.

Figure 12:
Number of Killed (Thousands)(1975-2007) (World) (Human Development Level)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３０

1400

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 13A:
Ratio of Killed People to Population (for million people)(Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 13B:

Ratio of Killed People to Population (for million people)(Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

5

10

15

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３１

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These figures clearly show that the majority of human losses were reported in countries witha low level of human development (due to the disasters in the vulnerable Asian region). This isconsistent for figures worldwide.

Figure 14:
Total Affected People (Millions)(1975-2007) (World) (Human Development Level)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 15A:
Ratio of Total Affected People to Population (for million people)(Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３２

40000

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ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 15B:

Ratio of Total Affected People to Population (for million people)(Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 16:

Amount of Damage (Bn US$)(1975-2007) (World) (Human Development Level)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３３

900

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 17A:
Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 17B:

Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LHD

MHD

HHD

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３４

1.8

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

2.2 Gender Issues and Natural Disaster Impacts

In addition to what we have seen above with respect to overall human development and theimpact of natural disasters, it is also of paramount importance that efforts be made to examine therelationship between gender and impacts of natural disasters. Here we examine the influence of thegender factor in disaster damages through customized Female Human Development Index1, which was
extracted from the general Human Development Index, in relation to impacts of disasters. Generally
speaking, countries with lower female human development (LFHD) tend to have higher ratios ofpeople killed and total affected people to the total population than countries with higher female humandevelopment levels (HFHD). The trend is very similar to the trend in general human development.
Accordingly, as in the previous years, in 2007 both the ratio of the people killed to the total
population were high in countries with low and medium Female Human Development indicators dueto the earthquakes, floods, and wind storms that struck many countries in Asia, especially theearthquake in Indonesia, floods in China, windstorms and slides in Philippines and flood in India(Figures 18, 19A, and 19B). Moreover, the ratio of total affected people to the total population washigh in countries with low and medium female human development, as shown in Figures 20, 21A, and
21B. Further, Figures 22, 23A, and 23B indicate that damage as a proportion of GNI is also relatively
high in the low and medium female human development countries, although the amounts of actual
damage are higher in high female human development countries. These figures highlight theimportance of gender-related planning and mitigation strategies and approaches in the field of disastermanagement, especially in countries with relatively low human development levels.
Gender powerfully shapes the human response to disasters, both directly and indirectly.
Studies have shown that women are hit hard by the social impacts of disasters, suggesting that womenshould play a major role in post-disaster activities if proper integration of gender issues and disastermanagement is achieved. The reality is that women are always identified as active and resourcefuldisaster respondents, but are often regarded as helpless victims. Since disaster mitigation and risk
management activities should be incorporated into development strategies, it is imperative to prevent
gender bias and ensure women's participation in the field of development.

1

The name Female Human Development Index purely suggests the importance ofthe gender factor in disaster damages. This term is used only for this explanation
purpose and we are not contradicting any other terms used by other agencies in thisregard.

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Chapter 2

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Figure 18:

Number of Killed (Thousands)(1975-2007) (World) (Female Human Development Level)

Low

Medium

High

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 19A:

Ratio of Killed People to Population (for million people)(Female Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３６

7

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Figure 19B:
Ratio of Killed People to Populatio (for million people)(Female Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

The above figures also indicate that the majority of human losses, both on a global andregional level, were sustained in countries with low and medium levels of female human development.
This is attributed to the impact of disasters in vulnerable regions of Asia-Pacific and Africa.

Figure 20:
Total Affected People (Millions)(1975-2007) (World) (Female Human Development Level)

Low

Medium

High

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３７

3000

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 21A:

Ratio of Total Affected People to Population (for million people)(Female Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 21B:

Ratio of Total Affected People to Population (for million people)(Female Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３８

70000

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 22:

Amount of Damage (Bn US$)(1975-2007) (World) (Female Human Development Level)

Low

Medium

High

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

Figure 23A:

Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Female Human Development Level) (World Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

３９

0.35

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 23B:

Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Female Human Development Level) (Asia Summary) (2007)

Low

Medium

High

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and UNDP, 2007

４０

0.4

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

2.3 The Economics of Natural Disasters
This section focuses on income levels as they relate to disaster impacts, based on the disaster
trends in 2007. A country’s income level is determined by its per capita GNI and is analyzed here in
relation to the disaster statistics. The figures below (24 to 29B) show this relationship and once again
indicate that the majority of human losses and affected people are reported in low and lower middle
income countries. Although this could be attributed to the impacts of earthquake, windstorms andslides and flooding in the low-income and less developed Asian countries in 2007, the statistics are
consistent with the longer-term trends. Figures 24, 26, and 28 show the global trends in the number ofpeople killed, the total affected, and the amount of damage sustained, respectively, by income level forthe period 1975-2007. Further, figures marked A and B show the ratio of these characteristics to thetotal population for the world (A) and Asia (B) in 2007.
Generally, though the real economic losses from disasters are higher in high-income
countries due to their developed infrastructural framework and economic establishments that haveaccumulated social capital, disaster-related losses are more substantial in developing andlower-income countries, especially when viewed as a proportion of the GNIs of those countries. Whenhuman losses and suffering are considered, the low and lower middle income countries suffer greatly,as is further shown in the figures below. This firmly emphasizes the need for a holistic disastermanagement approach that gives due consideration to a country’s disaster vulnerability, the impact andextent of disaster-related damage, and the impact of disasters on human development and the economy.
This is clearly shown in Figures 28, 29A, and 29B.
The socio-economic impacts of disasters vary by the type of disaster, the disaster period(length), and the post-disaster recovery period. A country’s income level plays a crucial role indetermining how long it will take for a community to recover from a disaster. In addition, the national
income level and magnitude of the socio-economic impacts of a disaster are proportionally related,
and the ratio of such impacts to the country’s GNI demonstrates the negative effects of disasters upon
low and lower middle income countries. This explains the shapes of Figures 24 to 29B, as the ratio of
human and economic losses to the total population and income level (GNI) is high in the low-income
countries and low in the high-income countries. The disasters that have occurred in the Asian countries
of India, Bangladesh, and China, and in some countries in Africa, have contributed significantly to thistrend. The disasters that occurred in the USA, Japan, Australia and Europe contributed to the heavy
damage sustained in the high-income countries, in proportion to their high GNIs. The figures below
show these trends for the world and the Asian region.

Note: LI: Lower Income, LMI: Lower Middle Income, UMI: Upper Middle Income and HI: High
Income. Please see the Note 3 in the page (ii) for further details of this classification.

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Chapter 2

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Figure 24:

Number of Killed (Thousands)(1975-2007) (World) (Income Classification)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

Figure 25A:

Ratio of Killed People to Population (for million people)(Income Classification) (World Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

４２

7

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 25B:

Ratio of Killed People to Population (for million people)(Income Classification) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

Figure 26:

Total Affected People (Millions)(1975-2007) (World) (Income Classification)

LI
LMI
UMI
HI
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

４３

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 27A:

Ratio of Totally Affected People to Population (for million people)(Income Classification) (World Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

Figure 27B:

Ratio of Total Affected People to Population (for million people)(Income Classification) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

４４

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 28:

Amount of Damage (Bn US$)(1975-2007) (World) (Income Classification)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

Figure 29A:

Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Income Classification) (World Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

４５

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Figure 29B:

Ratio of Damage to GNI (% )(Income Classification) (Asia Summary) (2007)

LI

LMI

UMI

HI
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium and World Bank, 2007

Figure 28 shows the actual amount of damage sustained by countries with different income
levels. Figures 29A and 29B depict the ratio of damage to GNI by income level. Clearly, the ratio of
damage to GNI is high in the low income countries, mainly due to the various disasters that haveoccurred in the most vulnerable countries. In Asia, this ratio is high in the low and lower middle
income countries, primarily due to the earthquakes, typhoons, and floods experienced by India,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and China and Indonesia respectively. These trends are in consistent withlong-term trends and those in previous years.

４６

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

2.4 Disaster Classifications and the Impact of Development Characteristics

In this section, we have classified disasters into geo-physical, hydro-meteorological, andother disasters for themeaningful

analytical

purpose. Earthquakes,

volcanic eruptions,

earthquake-induced tsunamis, and landslides are categorized as geo-physical disasters, while windstorms, floods, extreme temperatures, droughts, and heavy rain-induced landslides are categorized ashydro-meteorological disasters. All other disasters, including famines and epidemics, are included inthe "other" category. The tables below show the disaster classifications and their impact on
development for the period 1975-2007. Tables 10A, 10B, 11A, and 11B show the disasterclassifications by region and vice versa. Similarly, Tables 12A, 12B, 13A, and 13B show the disasterclassification by income classification and vice versa. Finally, Tables 14A, 14B, 15A, and 15B show
the disaster patterns by human development level.
These tables make it clear that hydro-meteorological disasters produce the largest numbersof total affected people in Asia, while geo-physical disasters produce the largest numbers of people
killed. The region is vulnerable to both types of disasters due to its geographical position andsocio-economic characteristics. Africa is more vulnerable to hydro-meteorological disasters, as it isprone to prolonged droughts. The Americas, Asia, Oceania and Europe regions sustain most of theireconomic damage from hydro-meteorological disasters, with high-income countries like the US, Japan,
and the EU countries and Australia in Oceania facing heavy losses caused by wind storms, floods, andextreme temperatures.
So far the heaviest damage in Asia was caused by Japan’s 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake and the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Last year (2006), the economic damages and humansufferings were also from floods in China and earthquake in Indonesia. But this year (2007) the
economic damages are from Japan Niigata earthquake and floods in Europe and China, and the humansufferings are mainly from windstorms and floods from China, India and Bangladesh.
Low income and lower middle income countries tend to be most vulnerable tohydro-meteorological disasters, but also moderately vulnerable to geo-physical disasters. Low andmedium human development countries follow the same trend. Since hydro-meteorological disasters
tend to be annual events, they cause much more damage to the low and medium human development
countries than geo-physical disasters. This year’s (2007) trend is consistent with previous years’ andlong-term trend, thus indicating the vulnerability of the regions to both geo-physical andhydro-meteorological disasters. The following tables clearly show these trends by region, humandevelopment level, and income level. Once again, the facts underscore the need to integrate disaster
reduction strategies and human development efforts, and the need for governments to take note of thisimportant concept and ensure its inclusion in their policy frameworks.

４７

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 10A: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Region
Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

Continent

Count
of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)Africa74

9,200

2,089,689

8,755,608

Americas220

67,127

13,783,567

58,749,032

Asia

498

791,330

79,818,281

272,606,686

Europe176

8,726

2,849,502

34,424,376

Oceania

104

3,029

321,360

2,907,400

1,072

879,41298,862,399

377,443,102

Africa1,091

581,422364,750,233

10,673,391

Americas

1,697

101,599

148,757,154

397,486,695

Asia

2,615

442,921

4,948,700,533

302,486,834

Europe951

45,62424,550,146

188,816,576

Oceania

428

1,729

19,654,846

23,677,773

6,782

1,173,295

5,506,412,912

923,141,269

Africa695

122,72142,816,468

102,430

Americas175

14,514

3,774,604

8,200,700

Asia

325

46,938

19,114,137

19,240,824

Europe120

1,037

4,534,464

4,066,853

Oceania38

402

80,7991,162,006

Others Total

1,353

185,61270,320,472

32,772,813

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
Others

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 10B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Region (Percentages)
Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

Continent

Others Total

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)

0.80%

0.41%

0.04%

0.66%

2.39%

3.00%

0.24%

4.41%

Asia

5.41%

35.35%

1.41%

20.45%

Europe

1.91%

0.39%

0.05%

2.58%

Oceania

1.13%

0.14%

0.01%

0.22%

11.64%

39.29%

1.74%

28.31%

Africa11.85%

25.98%

6.43%

0.80%

Americas18.43%

4.54%

2.62%

29.81%

Asia

28.40%

19.79%

87.19%

22.69%

Europe10.33%

2.04%

0.43%

14.16%

Oceania

Grand Total

Sum of TotAff

Africa

4.65%

0.08%

0.35%

1.78%

73.66%

52.42%

97.02%

69.23%

Africa

7.55%

5.48%

0.75%

0.01%

Americas

1.90%

0.65%

0.07%

0.62%

Asia

3.53%

2.10%

0.34%

1.44%

Europe

1.30%

0.05%

0.08%

0.31%

Oceania

0.41%

0.02%

0.00%

0.09%

14.70%

8.29%

1.24%

2.46%

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

Hyd Met Dis Total
OthersSum ofKilledAmericasGeo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Count
of
DisNo

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

４８

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 11A: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Region and Disaster Classification
Continent
AfricaGeo Phy Dis

Count
of
DisNo
74

9,200

2,089,689

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)8,755,608

Hyd Met Dis

1,091

581,422364,750,233

10,673,391

Others695

122,72142,816,468

102,430

1,860

713,343

409,656,390

19,531,429

DisClassification

Africa Total
Americas220

67,127

13,783,567

58,749,032

Hyd Met Dis

1,697

101,599

148,757,154

397,486,695

Others

14,514

3,774,604

8,200,700

183,240

166,315,325

464,436,427

Geo Phy Dis

498

791,330

79,818,281

272,606,686

2,615

442,921

4,948,700,533

302,486,834

Others325

46,938

19,114,137

19,240,824

3,438

1,281,189

5,047,632,951

594,334,344

Geo Phy Dis

176

8,726

2,849,502

34,424,376

Hyd Met Dis

951

45,62424,550,146

188,816,576

Others120

1,037

4,534,464

4,066,853

1,247

55,38731,934,112

227,307,805

Geo Phy Dis

104

3,029

321,360

2,907,400

Hyd Met Dis

428

1,729

19,654,846

23,677,773

Europe Total
Oceania

175
2,092

Hyd Met Dis
Asia Total
EuropeSum of TotAff

Geo Phy Dis

Americas Total
Asia

Sum ofKilled38

402

80,7991,162,006

Oceania Total

Others570

5,160

20,057,005

27,747,179

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 11B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Region and Disaster Classification (Percentages)
Continent
AfricaDis
Classification

0.80%

0.41%

0.04%

0.66%

25.98%

6.43%

0.80%
0.01%

7.55%

5.48%

0.75%

20.20%

31.87%

7.22%

1.46%

Geo Phy Dis

2.39%

3.00%

0.24%

4.41%

Hyd Met Dis

18.43%

4.54%

2.62%

29.81%

Others

1.90%

0.65%

0.07%

0.62%

22.72%

8.19%

2.93%

34.83%

Geo Phy Dis

5.41%

35.35%

1.41%

20.45%

Hyd Met Dis

28.40%

19.79%

87.19%

22.69%

Others

3.53%

2.10%

0.34%

1.44%

37.34%

57.24%

88.94%

44.57%

Geo Phy Dis

1.91%

0.39%

0.05%

2.58%

Hyd Met Dis

10.33%

2.04%

0.43%

14.16%

Others

1.30%

0.05%

0.08%

0.31%

13.54%

2.47%

0.56%

17.05%

1.13%

0.14%

0.01%

0.22%

Asia Total

Europe Total
Oceania

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)11.85%

Americas Total

EuropeSum of TotAff

Geo Phy Dis
OthersAsia

Sum ofKilledHyd Met Dis
Africa Total
Americas

Count
of
DisNo

Geo Phy Dis
Hyd Met Dis

4.65%

0.08%

0.35%

1.78%

Others

0.41%

0.02%

0.00%

0.09%

Oceania Total

6.19%

0.23%

0.35%

2.08%

Grand Total

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

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Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 12A: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Income Level
Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

Income class

Count
of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)HI

178

10,6146,130,349

260,369,421

LI

290

347,561

55,099,931

44,648,509

LMI

470

485,119

32,754,697

47,205,612

UMI

134

36,1184,877,422

25,219,560

1,072

879,41298,862,399

377,443,102

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

HI

1,591

51,80145,354,123

509,725,203

LI

2,237

927,905

2,823,455,317

74,566,865

LMI

2,092

138,276

2,544,175,538

274,238,872

UMI

862

55,31393,427,934

64,610,329

Hyd Met Dis Total
Others

6,782

1,173,295

5,506,412,912

923,141,269

HI

161

694

3,341,777

12,241,206

LI

870

165,542

59,150,208

19,263,829

LMI

228

16,9196,871,814

650,528

942,457

956,673

617,250

Others Total

UMI

1,353

185,61270,320,472

32,772,813

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 12B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Income Level(Percentages)
Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

HI

Count
of
DisNo
1.93%

LI

3.15%

15.53%

0.97%

3.35%

LMI

5.10%

21.67%

0.58%

3.54%

Income class

UMI

0.47%

0.11%

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)19.53%

1.46%

1.61%

0.09%

1.89%

39.29%

1.74%

28.31%

HI

17.28%

2.31%

0.80%

38.23%

LI

24.30%

41.46%

49.75%

5.59%

LMI

22.72%

6.18%

44.83%

20.57%

UMI

9.36%

2.47%

1.65%

4.85%

73.66%

52.42%

97.02%

69.23%

HI

1.75%

0.03%

0.06%

0.92%

LI

9.45%

7.40%

1.04%

1.44%

LMI

2.48%

0.76%

0.12%

0.05%

Hyd Met Dis Total
OthersSum of TotAff

11.64%

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Sum ofKilled

1.02%

0.11%

0.02%

0.05%

Others Total

UMI

14.70%

8.29%

1.24%

2.46%

Grand Total

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

５０

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 13A: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Income Level and Disaster Classification
Income class

Dis
ClassificationHI

Geo Phy Dis

Count
of
DisNo
178

Hyd Met Dis
OthersHI TotalLI

10,6146,130,349

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)260,369,421

1,591

51,80145,354,123

509,725,203

161

694

3,341,777

12,241,206

1,930

63,10954,826,249

782,335,830

290

347,561

55,099,931

44,648,509

Hyd Met Dis

2,237

927,905

2,823,455,317

74,566,865

Others870

165,542

59,150,208

19,263,829

3,397

1,441,008

2,937,705,456

138,479,203

Geo Phy Dis

470

485,119

32,754,697

47,205,612

Hyd Met Dis

2,092

138,276

2,544,175,538

274,238,872

Others228

16,9196,871,814

650,528

2,790

640,3142,583,802,049

322,095,012

Geo Phy Dis

134

36,1184,877,422

25,219,560

Hyd Met Dis

862

55,31393,427,934

64,610,329

Others94

2,457

956,673

617,250

LMI Total
UMI

Sum of TotAff

Geo Phy Dis

LI Total
LMI

Sum ofKilledUMI Total

1,090

93,88899,262,029

90,447,139

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 13B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Income Level and Disaster Classification(Percentages)
Income class

Dis
ClassificationHI

Geo Phy Dis

Count
of
DisNo
1.93%

Hyd Met Dis
OthersHI Total
LI

0.47%

0.11%

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)19.53%

17.28%

2.31%

0.80%

38.23%

1.75%

0.03%

0.06%

0.92%

20.96%

2.82%

0.97%

58.67%

3.15%

15.53%

0.97%

3.35%

Hyd Met Dis

24.30%

41.46%

49.75%

5.59%

Others

9.45%

7.40%

1.04%

1.44%

36.90%

64.38%

51.76%

10.39%

Geo Phy Dis

5.10%

21.67%

0.58%

3.54%

Hyd Met Dis

22.72%

6.18%

44.83%

20.57%

Others

2.48%

0.76%

0.12%

0.05%

30.30%

28.61%

45.52%

24.16%

Geo Phy Dis

1.46%

1.61%

0.09%

1.89%

Hyd Met Dis

9.36%

2.47%

1.65%

4.85%

Others

1.02%

0.11%

0.02%

0.05%

LMI Total
UMI

Sum of TotAff

Geo Phy Dis

LI Total
LMI

Sum ofKilledUMI Total

11.84%

4.19%

1.75%

6.78%

Grand Total

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

５１

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 14A: 1975-2007 World Disaster Classification and Impact Characteristics by DisasterClassification and Human Development Level
Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

Human development

Count
of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)HHD

220

10,984

8,047,424

262,556,581

LHD

84

88,4506,742,025

5,564,000

MHD

768

779,978

84,072,950

109,322,521

1,072

879,41298,862,399

377,443,102

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

HHD

1,907

59,74065,135,177

541,988,451

LHD

1,285

792,242751,647,597

28,033,816

MHD

3,590

321,313

4,689,630,138

353,119,002

Hyd Met Dis Total
Others

6,782

1,173,295

5,506,412,912

923,141,269

HHD

189

977

3,548,535

12,818,956

LHD

619

126,461

38,550,399

106,930

545

58,17428,221,538

19,846,927

Others Total

MHD

1,353

185,61270,320,472

32,772,813

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 14B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Disaster Classification and Human Development
Level (Percentages)

Dis Classification
Geo Phy Dis

Count of
Human development
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)

HHD

2.39%

0.49%

0.14%

19.69%

LHD

0.91%

3.95%

0.12%

0.42%

MHD

8.34%

34.85%

1.48%

8.20%

11.64%

39.29%

1.74%

28.31%

HHD

20.71%

2.67%

1.15%

40.65%

LHD

13.96%

35.39%

13.24%

2.10%

MHD

38.99%

14.36%

82.63%

26.48%

73.66%

52.42%

97.02%

69.23%

HHD

2.05%

0.04%

0.06%

0.96%

LHD

6.72%

5.65%

0.68%

0.01%

MHD

5.92%

2.60%

0.50%

1.49%

Others Total

14.70%

8.29%

1.24%

2.46%

Grand Total

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

Geo Phy Dis Total
Hyd Met Dis

Hyd Met Dis Total
Others

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

５２

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

Table 15A: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Human Development Level and DisasterClassification
Human development

Dis Classification

Count of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)HHD

Geo Phy Dis

220

10,984

8,047,424

262,556,581

Hyd Met Dis

1,907

59,74065,135,177

541,988,451

Others189

977

3,548,535

12,818,956

2,316

71,701

76,731,136

817,363,988

HHD Total
LHD

Geo Phy Dis

84

88,4506,742,025

5,564,000

Hyd Met Dis

1,285

792,242751,647,597

28,033,816

Others619

126,461

38,550,399

106,930

1,988

1,007,153

796,940,021

33,704,746

Geo Phy Dis

768

779,978

84,072,950

109,322,521

Hyd Met Dis

3,590

321,313

4,689,630,138

353,119,002

Others545

58,17428,221,538

19,846,927

MHD Total

4,903

1,159,465

4,801,924,626

482,288,450

Grand Total

9,207

2,238,319

5,675,595,783

1,333,357,184

LHD Total
MHD

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

Table 15B: 1975-2007 Disasters and Impacts by Human Development Level and DisasterClassification (Percentages)
Human development

Dis Classification

Count of
DisNo

Sum ofKilledSum of TotAff

Sum ofDamage US$('000s)HHD

Geo Phy Dis

2.39%

0.49%

0.14%

19.69%

Hyd Met Dis

20.71%

2.67%

1.15%

40.65%

Others

2.05%

0.04%

0.06%

0.96%

25.15%

3.20%

1.35%

61.30%

Geo Phy Dis

0.91%

3.95%

0.12%

0.42%

Hyd Met Dis

13.96%

35.39%

13.24%

2.10%

Others

6.72%

5.65%

0.68%

0.01%

21.59%

45.00%

14.04%

2.53%

Geo Phy Dis

8.34%

34.85%

1.48%

8.20%

Hyd Met Dis

38.99%

14.36%

82.63%

26.48%

Others

5.92%

2.60%

0.50%

1.49%

MHD Total

53.25%

51.80%

84.61%

36.17%

Grand Total

100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

HHD Total
LHD

LHD Total
MHD

Source: CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, 2007

５３

Chapter 2

ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2007

The extent of damage caused by natural disasters is clearly connected to a country’ssocio-economic level. As in previous years, the disaster statistics and trends for 2007 show thatdisaster management and post-disaster activities are crucial to sustainable development. In 2007, as inmany previous years, the impacts of natural disasters were closely related to poverty, education,
quality of health, gender related issues, and changing policy scenarios in relation to global
socio-economic characteristics and stakeholder partnerships. Hence, disaster mitigation andmanagement strategies must incorporate these components to create a holistic disaster management
approach that includes strategies for sustainable development.

５４