Instructions for Use
IFU on our website

SSP available in EUDAMED

https://www.eiken.co.jp/en/ifu*380239-D

activity.
*b: Primers designed for the mitochondrial DNA of Plasmodium
parasites, purified from synthesized oligonucleotides by HPLC.
*c: The PC Mal contains a product resulting from the in vitro
amplification of an artificial gene designed from the mitochondrial
DNA of Plasmodium falciparum (GenBank No. M76611).
Abbreviations of the following reagents, their Lot No., and the
manufacturer (EKN), are printed on the containers as follows:

974000EnglishLoopamp MALARIA Pan
Detection Kit

Reagents

INTENDED USE

Positive control Mal

The Loopamp MALARIA Pan Detection Kit is a qualitative in vitro
diagnostic test to detect the Plasmodium DNA extracted from human blood
samples in patients suspected Malaria infection. The kit aids in the diagnosis
of Malaria infection and is intended to be used in professional laboratories
and hospitals by adequately trained personnel. The result can be interpreted
either by automated turbidimeter or visually under UV irradiation.

Negative control Mal

Labelling on the tube
PC MalLot No., EKN
NC MalLot No., EKN

Code on the cap
PC
Mal
NC
Mal

*Metrological Traceability Information

Positive control is prepared from Plasmodium Falciparum Honduras1 (GenBank No. M76611), as there is no international standard for
Plasmodium DNA. The plasmid DNA including the targeted region of
Plasmodium Falciparum Honduras-1 genomic DNA used as a template
to amplify PC MAL DNA fragment. The fragment is quantitated with thephotospectrometric analysis, and DNA concentration of PC Mal isadjusted at 2,000 copies/μL.

TEST PRINCIPLESThis product is based on the nucleic acid amplification method, LAMP
(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification), developed by Eiken ChemicalCo., Ltd.
The characteristics of the LAMP method are as follows: (1) only one
enzyme is required, and the amplification reaction proceeds underisothermal conditions;1),2) (2) it has extremely high specificity because of
the use of four primers recognizing six distinct regions on the target; (3) it
has a high amplification efficiency and can produce a high concentrationof amplified product in a short time, which makes visual or automateddetection possible.3),4)
The Malaria Pan (genus)-specific primers provided with this product aredesigned to detect the mitochondrial DNA of the five most widespreadmalaria-causing Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale,
P. malariae, and P. knowlesi). The alignment analysis has confirmed thetargeted DNA sequences to have a well-conserved base sequence in allthese Plasmodium species.
The test DNA solution extracted from blood samples is dispensed into areaction tube. Then, the strand displacement DNA polymerase,deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP), calcein,reaction buffers, and Malaria Pan (genus)-specific primers are stored in
the dried form in the cap of the reaction tube. This dried LAMP reagent(Malaria Pan detection reagent (dMAL Pan)) is dissolved when the DNA
solution is added. Then, the reaction tube is incubated at 65.0 °C, and the
DNA is amplified by the strand displacement DNA polymerase per the
LAMP reaction.
The detection of amplified products is based on the turbidity ofmagnesium pyrophosphate (a white precipitate produced as a by-productof DNA amplification).3) Alternatively, visual detection under UV light canbe used. Before the DNA amplification, calcein in the reagent is in thequenched state, as it is bound to manganese ions. At the start of the DNA
amplification, pyrophosphate ions generated out-compete the manganeseions for binding sites, thereby making calcein fluorescent.4)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS(1) For in vitro diagnostic use only.
(2) This product is only designed to detect the DNA of P. falciparum, P.
vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi parasites in human blood
samples. Do not use it for other purposes.
(3) When using this product, always follow these Instructions for Use.
(4) Do not freeze the reagents.
(5) Do not use any expired reagent.
(6) Do not mix reagents from different Lots.
(7) Do not replenish any reagent.
(8) The performance of the Loopamp MALARIA Pan Detection Kit
depends on the operator proficiency and adherence to procedural
directions. Testing should be done by adequately trained personnel
strictly according to the instructions provided.
(9) Exposure to heat, humidity, and light might deteriorate the dMAL Pan.
Thus, remove only the required number of reaction tubes (sum ofsamples and controls) and re-seal the aluminium pouch immediately.
(10) Do not remove the desiccant from the aluminium pouch. Highhumidity can deteriorate the dried LAMP reagent in the reaction tubes.
(11) Read the instruction manual and ensure that the required equipment(turbidimeter or incubator) is available before commencing theprocedure.
(12) Blood samples pose a potential risk for infection. Thus, use universal
precautions to minimize biohazard.5)(13) The PC Mal and the NC Mal contain a small amount of sodium azide
as a preservative. As sodium azide is classified as toxic, avoid any
contact with eyes, mouth, or skin.
(14) In case of accidental contact of any reagent with eyes, mouth, or skin,
immediately rinse the affected site with running water and seek
medical advice.
(15) Do not dilute or add the PC Mal to the samples. Use the PC Mal only
as described in this package insert to avoid DNA contamination.
(16) Store the PC Mal and any positive blood samples separately fromother kit reagents.
(17) The cap of each reaction tube contains the dMAL Pan in the dried
form. Do not touch the inside of the cap.
(18) Before using the reaction tubes, check carefully if they have any
cracks or scratches. Damaged tubes might give false results and leadto DNA contamination of the incubator and work area.
(19) Do not expose reaction tubes to UV light before the end of the LAMP
reaction. Prolonged exposure to UV light might damage the tubes andlead to false results.
(20) When UV light is used for visual fluorescence judgment, do not stare
directly at it. As UV light is harmful to the eyes, even watching for a shortperiod can irritate eyes and cause symptoms similar to conjunctivitis.
Instead, use a glass screen or wear protective goggles/glasses or a UVblocking eye mask whenever looking directly at UV light.
(21) Refer to the manual of the incubator. When the HumaLoop M or the
Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A is used, remove the reaction

KIT CONTENTS

Reagents are stable until the date on the label, assuming the container
remains unopened at a storage temperature of 2−30 °C. The reagents arealso confirmed stable after opening the container when adhered to theseprocedural directions.
Malaria Pan detection reagent (dMAL Pan) ········ 10 x 48 tubes
The following reagents in the dried form are contained in eachreaction tube:
Bst DNA polymerase*a:
Deoxynucleotide triphosphates
Magnesium sulfate
Calcein
Manganese chloride
Primers*b:
Positive control Mal (PC Mal)*c: ···························· 5 x 1.0 mL
Negative control Mal (NC Mal)····························12 x 0.5 mL
30 µL dropper ·········································· 25 x 12 droppers*a: Bst DNA polymerase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus is a
strand displacement DNA polymerase that lacks 5′→3′ exonuclease1Note: The PC Mal should be used with every run.

tubes from the incubator carefully to avoid burns.
(22) Do not use the PC Mal as a positive control for the Loopamp
MALARIA Pf Detection Kit and the Loopamp MALARIA Pv Detection
Kit. Do not use PC of other kits as a positive control for this kit.

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE

Reagent and sample mixing(1) Turn on the HumaLoop M or the Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A.
(2) Dispense 30 µL of the extracted DNA solution into a reaction tube
using the Loopamp PURE DNA Extraction Kit and close the cap.
(3) Dispense 30 µL of the negative control solution into a reaction tube
using the Loopamp PURE DNA Extraction Kit and close the cap.
(4) Dispense 30 µL of the PC Mal into a reaction tube using a pipette orprovided dropper and close the cap.
(5) Flick (or spin) down all tubes to collect the solution to the bottom of
the tubes.

WASTE DISPOSAL(1) Do not open the tubes after DNA amplification. Leave the cap closed
and dispose of the used tubes as medical waste by incineration orafter double bagging with sealable plastic bags.
(2) Never autoclave or reuse the reaction tubes, as amplified products
will disperse and cause contamination.
(3) The main material for the reaction tubes and reagent tubes is PP; forthe reaction tube tray, PET; for the aluminium pouch, aluminium; andfor the kit case, paper.
(4) Dispose of any other reagent, container, or labware per local
regulations.

Note: Ensure that the liquid level is in the middle of the two lines
on a reaction tube to ensure 30 µL of pipetting.

(6) Reconstitute the dried reagents in the cap by inverting the reaction
tubes and collecting the DNA solution in the cap. Leave the tubes
standing upside down for 2 minutes to reconstitute the dried reagents.
(7) Invert the reaction tubes five times to mix the contents. Ensure thatthe dried reagents in the cap are fully dissolved.
(8) Flick (or spin) down all tubes to collect the solution to the bottom of
the tubes.
Amplification
For visual fluorescence detection(For HumaLoop M)(1) Check that the temperature of the HumaLoop M is 65.0 °C.
(2) Place the reaction tubes in the HumaLoop M and press the green
button to start the LAMP reaction (40 minutes at 65.0 °C). Refer to the
HumaLoop M instruction manual for details on how to operate the
incubator.
(3) Confirm the completion of polymerase inactivation (automaticallycompleted by the HumaLoop M). Take all reaction tubes out of the
HumaLoop M.
(For other incubator using UV light)(1) Set the incubator temperature to 65.0 °C (with hot bonnet temperature
set to 10 °C above the reaction temperature or as near to this figure
as possible – temperature accuracy: ±0.5 °C). Wait until the displayed
temperature reaches the set value.
(2) Place the reaction tubes and then start amplification reaction (for 40
minutes at 65.0 °C).
(3) After 40 minutes, inactivate the polymerase using the heating block(for 5 minutes at 80 °C or 2 minutes at 95 °C) to terminate the reaction.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION(1) Blood samples should be used immediately after collection.
(2) Collect blood in a separate room from the LAMP amplification room.
Aerosols containing the Plasmodium DNA can be generated during
blood collection and could cause contamination.
(3) DO NOT USE EDTA and citrate as anticoagulants for blood collection
if the result is to be read by fluorescence. Instead, the use of heparinas an anticoagulant is recommended.

MATERIALS REQUIRED BUT NOT PROVIDED

・Loopamp PURE DNA Extraction Kit (optional)
・HumaHeat (optional)

For visual fluorescence detection(For HumaLoop M)
・HumaLoop M(For other incubator using UV light)
・Incubator (temperature accuracy: ±0.5 °C; with hot bonnet)
・Heating block
・UV light or Blue LED light (wavelength: 240−260 nm and 350−370 nm)
・Goggles/glasses or a UV-blocking eye mask (optional)
For real-time turbidity detection
・HumaTurb C+A
For reagent and sample mixing
・Micropipettes (10−100 µL or 20-200 µL) and pipette tips with a filter・Centrifuge for microtubes (optional)
・Centrifuge for eight connected tubes (optional)
・HuMax ITA, Micro Centrifuge (optional)

For real-time turbidity detection with HumaTurb C+A (see theflowchart of the procedure)(1) Configure the Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A for detection
with this product.
(2) Check whether the displayed temperature reaches 65.0 °C (allow theturbidimeter to warm up for 20 minutes before use).
(3) Place the reaction tubes and start measurement.
(4) Watch the turbidimeter display to check the positive and negative
controls for any increase in the turbidity. If the turbidity increases in thepositive control but not in the negative control, the amplification
reaction is proceeding correctly (Fig. 1). If this is not the case, theamplification reaction might be proceeding the wrong way. In such acase, retest the affected samples.
(5) Confirm the completion of polymerase inactivation (automaticallycompleted by the turbidimeter). Take all reaction tubes out of the RealTime Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A and discard them without opening.

PREPARATION OF SAMPLE DNA SOLUTION

To extract the DNA from blood samples, the PURE method and the Boil
& Spin method are recommended. For more information, refer to the latest
version of “Manual of Standard Operating Procedures for malaria LAMP”(SOP).
Pay attention to the following critical points for the PURE method.

・Samples：Non-anticoagulated/heparinized whole blood or dried
blood spot・Sample volume：30 µL (whole blood) or 6-mm blood spot punch(dried blood spot)
・Additive：Add 30 µL of 334-mM NaCl solution (not included in the
LoopampTM PURE DNA Extraction Kit) to the Heating
Tube before heating・Heating：For 5 minutes at 75 °C

Amplification plots by Malaria Pan detection reagent

PREPARATION OF REAGENTS(Analyser： Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A)

(1) Malaria Pan detection reagent
Remove the required number of tubes from the aluminium pouchand place them on the rack (sum of samples and controls).

Negative sample
Positive sample 1
Positive sample 2

Negative control
Positive control

Turbidity(2) Negative control Mal（NC Mal）
Flick (or spin) down the tube to collect the content to the bottomof the tube. Pipette 30 µL of the NC Mal into the Heating Tube
provided in the Loopamp PURE DNA Extraction Kit. Follow the
SOP to process the NC Mal (hereinafter extracted NC Mal is called“negative control solution”).

Note: A negative control solution should be used with every run.

(3) Positive control Mal （PC Mal）
Flick (or spin) down the tube to collect the content to the bottomof the tube.

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

Turbidity

Note: After removing the required tubes, re-seal the aluminium
pouch with any unused tubes immediately.

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3
0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Time ( min.)

30 35 40

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Time ( min.)

30 35 40

Fig. 1：Amplification plots for controls. Fig. 2：Amplification plots for samples.

2

PROCEDURAL NOTES

assay is highly sensitive and may detect low-level parasitaemia thatis not the direct cause of the presenting symptoms. Hence, thepatient’s clinical condition should always be considered when making
a final diagnosis and determining management.
(2) Although the primers have been designed to target a region
containing a relatively small number of variations, Plasmodium may
acquire further variations in this region and become less sensitive tothis product. Thus, a negative test does not always rule out infection
by Plasmodium species.
(3) This is a kit for qualitative detection; it is not designed for quantitative
measurement. Therefore, the intensity of the fluorescent lightobserved or the rise time of turbidity measured by the Real-Time
Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A does not correlate with the template
DNA concentration.

(1) The LAMP reaction is very sensitive, and any contamination with evensmall amounts of the amplified product could lead to false-positive
results.
(2) Separate the sample preparation and the amplification areas.
(3) Clean benches with over 0.5% sodium hypochlorite before and after
performing the test.
(4) Take all necessary measures to avoid contamination, in particular,change gloves after transferring the blood or if the gloves come incontact with the DNA solution.
(5) When handling this product, avoid microbial contamination andnuclease contamination. Even a small amount of contamination of thereaction tube from sweat or saliva might decompose the DNA andcause a false result.
(6) Furthermore, read the SOP when performing DNA extraction.
(7) The DNA solution should ideally be used immediately after
preparation; if it is impossible, the DNA solution can be stored atroom temperature and used within 72 hours.
(8) (For HumaLoop M or other incubator using UV light）
If bubbles are present, flick (or spin) the tubes to release them.
(For Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb C+A）
As bubbles in the reaction solution may interfere with the turbidity
measurement and cause a false result, avoid forming any bubble
when mixing reagent and sample solution. If bubbles occur, spin or
flick the tube to release them.
(9) The dMAL Pan should be fully dissolved. Any undissolved portion
could influence the performance, such as decreasing the sensitivity.
In particular, keep the tubes standing upside down for 2 minutes.
(10) The PC Mal contains a high copy number of the control DNA. Avoid
any contamination of other samples with the PC Mal. Dispense thesamples and the negative control solution and close all reaction tubes
before dispensing the PC Mal.
(11) Flick (or spin) down the PC Mal tube before opening it to collect thecontent to the bottom of the tube. Close the tube immediately after
dispensing the PC Mal.
(12) Never open the reaction tubes once the LAMP reaction has started orafter completion. Be particularly careful when unloading the reaction
tubes from the incubator to avoid opening the tubes accidentally.
(13) When the HumaLoop M or the Real-Time Turbidimeter HumaTurb
C+A is used, polymerase inactivation is automatically performed.
(14) For other incubators, when visual fluorescence judgment is chosen,
inactivate the polymerase (for 5 minutes at 80 °C or 2 minutes at
95 °C) before reading; else, false results will be caused.
(15) Do not reuse any amplified product in the tubes for electrophoresis orother applications.

INTERFERING SUBSTANCES

Our in-house studies revealed that the turbidimetry measurement was
not affected by the presence of Heparin-Na (2,600 units/dL), Heparin-Li(2,600 units/dL), EDTA-2Na (300 mg/dL), EDTA-2K (380 mg/dL), EDTA3K (340 mg/dL), sodium citrate (7.6%), free bilirubin (66.3 mg/dL),
conjugated bilirubin (67.0 mg/dL), chyle (formazine turbidity: 5,433), andhaemolytic haemoglobin (1,567 mg/dL). EDTA may cause false-positive
results when the result is read by fluorescence.
Regarding drugs, our in-house studies revealed that the measurement
was not affected by the presence of proguanil (0.6 µg/mL), chloroquine(1.1 µg/mL), quinine (26.7 µg/mL), doxycycline hydrochloride(10.0 µg/mL), mefloquine (4.7 µg/mL), primaquine (0.5 µg/mL), artemisinin(2.6 µg/mL), loxoprofen sodium (17.7 µg/mL), acetaminophen (9.0 µg/mL),
isoniazid (23.3 µg/mL), ethambutol (5.7 µg/mL), rifampicin (26.6 µg/mL),pyrazinamide (116.7 µg/mL), clarithromycin (12.4 µg/mL), streptomycin(133.3 µg/mL), cefotaxime sodium (333.3 µg/mL), and levofloxacin(7.5 µg/mL).

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS(1) Accuracy
In testing the following samples:• Negative sample (concentration: 0 copy/test)• Positive sample 1 (100 copies/test)• Positive sample 2 (1,000 copies/test)
The negative sample should test negative, while the positive samples
1 and 2 should test positive.
(2) Within-run reproducibility
In testing five negative and five positive samples simultaneously, thenegative samples should test negative throughout, while the positive
samples should test positive throughout.
(3) Limit of detection
7.5 copies/test(4) Cross-reactivity
The measurement system tested positive for Plasmodium species
and negative for other pathogens, as detailed in the table below:

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

For visual fluorescence detection(For HumaLoop M)
Place each reaction tube in the Fluorescence Detection Unit, irradiateand observe the tube from the side.
(For other incubator using UV light)
Irradiate the bottom of each reaction tube and observe from the sidethrough goggles/glasses or a UV-blocking eye mask.

Plasmodium genus
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium knowlesi

For a valid run, the following results must be obtained when read at
the specified time:• Positive control: green fluorescent light is emitted.
• Negative control: no fluorescent light is emitted.
If any control is invalid, all samples in the run should be reported as
invalid, and the samples should be retested.

Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive

Other pathogens
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania chagasi
Toxoplasma gondii
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia intestinalis
Theileria parva
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

After confirming that the run is valid, evaluate samples as follows:• Positive sample: green fluorescent light is emitted.
• Negative sample: no fluorescent light is emitted.
For real-time turbidity detection with HumaTurb C+A
After confirming that the turbidity increases in the positive control but
not in the negative control, evaluate samples per the following criteria(Figs. 1 and 2):• Positive: some increase is observed in turbidity.
• Negative: no increase is observed in turbidity.
Notes:(1) The minimum detection sensitivity of the Loopamp MALARIA Pan
Detection Kit is 7.5 copies per test. In the case of a negative test result,patients with any persisting or worsening symptoms should beconsidered for retesting, and other possible causes of symptoms
should also be considered and investigated. Furthermore, the LAMP

Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative

Other
Human genomic DNA

Negative(5) Information about a calibrator
The performance test for this product used the plasmid DNA
containing the mitochondrial DNA of Plasmodium falciparum as acalibrator.

3(6) Clinical performance
Malaria is caused by certain parasites of the Plasmodium genus,transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes. After developing in theliver for some time, blood-stage parasites are released, which enter red
blood cells, lysing them during subsequent reproduction, and cause
symptoms, including fever. The LAMP assay detects the DNA fromblood-stage parasites.
The Malaria LAMP was evaluated in blood samples sent for malaria
testing in a specialist laboratory. Following standard microscopy,
samples were anonymised, the DNA was extracted from the blood
samples using the PURE method and tested by the Malaria LAMP
using Malaria Pan (genus)-specific primers, with two different read-out
methods. Finally, the nested PCR was used as a reference method. A
total of 705 Malaria LAMP tests, of which 56 were from patientsdeclared positive by microscopy, were compared with the nested PCR
as a reference method. The sensitivity and specificity of the Malaria
Pan (genus)-specific primers were 97.0% and 99.2%, respectively.6)
Malaria LAMP vs. nested PCR
Diagnostic sensitivity
97.0% (89.6-99.6)
Diagnostic specificity
99.2% (98.2-99.7)
Positive predictive value
92.9%
Negative predictive value
99.7%
Likelihood ratio +121.25(sensitivity/(1-specificity))
Likelihood ratio 0.0302((1-sensitivity)/specificity)

Flow chart
Operation procedure for real-time turbidity detection
Preparation of the sample solution
Prepare sample DNA solutions by extracting the
DNA from collected blood samples.

Reagent preparation( For samples, negative andpositive controls )Mixing of the reagent and sample solution
Transfer 30 µL of sample or control solution into eachreaction tube.
Use the negative control solution as negative control.
Use the PC Mal as positive control.
(The positive control should be prepared at last.)
Invert the reaction tubes to collect the solution in the cap.
Leave the tubes standing upside down for 2 minutes.

Malaria LAMP vs. microscopy
Diagnostic sensitivity
100.0% (93.6-100.0)
Diagnostic specificity
97.8% (96.4-98.8)
Positive predictive value
80.0%
Negative predictive value
100.0%
Likelihood ratio +45.45(sensitivity/(1-specificity))
Likelihood ratio 0.0000((1-sensitivity)/specificity)

Invert the reaction tubes five times to mix the contents andthen spin them down.
( Avoid making any bubbles.)Amplification
Place the reaction tubes in the reaction block of theturbidimeter.

ORDERING INFORMATION
Product
Code

Product Name

Contents

974000Loopamp
MALARIA Pan
Detection Kit

480 tests

962000

HumaLoop M

970000Loopamp
PURE DNA
Extraction Kit

963200

HumaTurb C+A

964000

HumaHeat
Incubator

980000

HuMax ITATake the required number of reaction
tubes of the dMAL Pan.

As directed in the instructions for use of the turbidimeter,
start reaction and measure and evaluate the turbidity (for40 minutes at 65.0 °C).
Confirm the completion of polymerase inactivation (for 5 minutes at
80 °C or 2 minutes at 95 °C). Take all reaction tubes out of theturbidimeter and discard them without opening. Be careful not todamage the tubes.

1 Main Unit
1 Fluorescence Detection Unit
90 tests

TABLE OF SYMBOLS

1 Control Unit
1 Amplification Unit

Catalog number

Consult instructions
for useExpiration dateHeating Block

In vitro diagnostic
medical device

Manufacturer

Temperature limitation

Micro Centrifuge

Batch code

Contains sufficientfor <n> tests

NOTICE

Authorized
Representative in
the European
Community

In case of occurrence of any serious incident that has occurred inrelation to the device shall be reported to the authorised representative,
the manufacturer and the competent authority of the Member State inwhich the user and/or the patient is established.

REFERENCES

1) Notomi T., et al.: Nucleic Acids Research 28, No. 12, e63 (2000)
2) Nagamine K., et al.: Clin. Chem. 47, No. 9, 1742–1743 (2001)
3) Mori Y., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289, No. 1, 150–
154 (2001)
4) Tomita N., et al.: Nat. Protoc. 3, No. 5, 877–882 (2008)
5) The guideline for the bio-safety and bio-hazard (by the JapaneseSociety for Bacteriology): Japanese Journal of Bacteriology 54, No.
3, 667–715 (1999)
6) Spencer D. Polley., et al. J Infect Dis. 208(4), 637-644 (2013)

Importer

HUMAN Gesellschaft für Biochemica
und Diagnostica mbH
Max-Planck-Ring 21, 65205 Wiesbaden, Germany*Date of Revision: 2023-06-23

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