中国海关跨境电商统计Measuring Digitally-ordered Merchandise Trade by GACC

数字贸易测度线上研讨会
Webinar on Measuring Digital Trade2024-3-6

主要内容Outline

中国海关跨境电子商务统计的范围
Scope of CBEC Stats by GACC
利用行政记录开展跨境电商管理平台统计
（2013~）Stats via Identifying CBEC Records inCustoms Declarations

开展跨境电商全业态统计调查（2016~）
Stats via Survey for CBEC from business perspective• 中国海关统计是中国对外货物贸易的官方统计监管• China Customs Statistics in the official statistics of theexternal merchandise statistics of the People’s Republicof China.

Customs
Control

征税统计

DutyCollection

中国海关

Statistics

China Customs

缉私Antismuggling

其他Other• 自1980年起海关全面采用联合国统计标准• ITS/IMTS has been fully adopted in Customs Statistics
since 1980.

• 实际进出境并改变境内物质存量的货物及超出个人合理数量的物品列入海关统计• All goods which add to or subtract from the stock ofmaterial resources of China by entering (imports) orleaving (exports) its customs territory.

电商货物定义/应当列入进出口统计/数据采集
困难· Definitions of goods in electronic
Commerce · Inclusion· Challenges in data collection

跨境电商货物特点/主要2C但同样2B/测度的原则· Characteristics of CBEC · Mainly 2C while 2B · Mechanismof Measurement

数字订购贸易定义/测度方法/挑战
· Definition of digitally ordered trade· Measuring
approach· Challenges

1.34. 电子商务货物。“电子商务货物”一词指由于交易完全或在很大
程 度上靠电子手段进行而实际越过国界的货物（例如，经由因特网订购和支付的货物）。这类货物属于《2010年国际商品贸易统计：概念和定义》规定的出口和进口范围。应当承认进行该项目下的数
据收集可能具有挑战性（例如，在通过邮包、邮件或快递服务运送货物时，详情和建议见上文第1.25段）。鼓励各国从长远角度制定
必要的数据收集和/或评估程序
1.34. Goods in electronic commerce. The term “goods in electronic commerce” refers to goods that physicallymove across country borders as the result of transactions executed entirely,or to a significant extent, by electronic means (e.g., goods ordered and paidfor via the Internet). Such goods are in the scope of IMTS 2010 for both
exports and imports. It is recognized that data collection under this item
may be challenging (for example, when goods are shipped through parcel
or letter postor courier service; see para. 1.25 above for details and recommendations);
however, countries are encouraged to develop over time the necessarydata-collection and/or estimation procedures.

跨境电子商务的特点： • 在线下订单、销售、沟通磋商以及部分情况下支付 •跨境交易、运输• 有形实物 • 交付消费者、买方（商业及非商业）。本框架主要适用于B2C及C2C，鼓励成员方将相同原则及标准适用于B2B交易。
Characteristics of Cross-Border E-Commerce • Online ordering, sale,communication and, if applicable, payment, • Cross-bordertransactions/shipments, • Physical (tangible) goods, and • Destined toconsumer/buyer (commercial and non-commercial). This Framework sets
standards mainly for B2C and C2C transactions. However, Members areencouraged to apply the same principles and standards to Business-toBusiness (B2B) transactions.

测度的原则：跨部门合作，符合国际统计标准与国内政策
Mechanism of Measurement
Customs administrations should work with relevant government agencies inclose cooperation with E-Commerce stakeholders to accurately capture,measure, analyse and publish cross-border E-Commerce statistics inaccordance with international statistical standards and national policy, for
informed decision making.

数字订购贸易：与OECD电子商务定义一致，即在专门设计用于在线下达或接收订单的电子计算机网络平台上进行的货物或服务的国际交易。
支付与交付不一定在线，不包括电话、传真或电子邮件达成的交易。
Digitally ordered trade as defined in this Handbook follows the OECD’sdefinition of e-commerce, and is defined as: “The international sale or purchaseof a good or service, conducted over computer networks by methods
specifically designed for the purpose of receiving or placing orders（0ECD,2011）”.
Some additional clarifications are provided in this definition. Specifically, thesestate that the payment and ultimate delivery of the goods or services do notalso have to be conducted online. Transactions can involve participants from all
institutional sectors, and cover orders made over the web1 , extranet or via EDI.
Excluded are orders made by phone, fax or manually typed email.

• 中国海关跨境电商统计是中国数字订购货物
贸易，是进出口货物贸易统计的一部分• As part of the external merchandise
statistics of the People’s Republic ofChina， CBEC statistics is the digitallyordered trade in goods.

在线订单跨境物流

有形实物

Digitally

Cross-PhysicalOrderedBorderProducts统计口径Scope从海关行政记录中采集跨境电商统计原始资料Identifying Sources for CBEC Stats from Customs Declarations
2014年以来，海关总署不断增设跨境电商专用监管方式
Specific Customs Procedures have been introduced since 2014.
跨境直购9610网购保税1210

网购保税A1239

B2B出口9710

海外仓出口9810• 2014年12号公告增
列Customs• 2014年57号公告增
列Customs• 2016年75号公告增
列Customs• 2020年75号公告增
列Customs• 2020年75号公告增
列Customs

Announcement

Announcement

Announcement

Announcement

No12,2014• B2C• 进口及出口IM&EX

No57,2014• B2B2C• 进口为主，少量出口
Mostly IM

Announcement

No75,2020• B2B• 出口(非海外仓)EX

No75,2020• B2B• 出口(海外仓)EX

No75,2016• B2B2C• 进口(非试点地区)IM从海关行政记录中采集跨境电商统计原始资料
Identifying Sources for CBEC Stats from Customs Declarations

关境Border

9610
B2C

9710
9810
B2B

1210
B2C

1210
B2B

关境/Border
特殊监管区域/保税物流中心
Bonded Warehouses/zones

贸易统计/Trade Statistics
单项统计/Separate Statistics

1210
B2B

1239
B2B

1210
B2C

1239
B2C

从海关行政记录中采集跨境电商统计原始资料
Identifying Sources for CBEC Stats from Customs Declarations
2016年以来，海关总署增加跨境电商专用通关系统，促进通关便利化Specific Customs Clearance Systems have been introduced since 2016.

H2018系统CustomsClearance System• 普通货物Normal goods• 进出口货物报关单
Declarations for normal
goods

快件通关系统Customs
Clearance System for
Express Deliveries邮件通关系统Customs
Clearance System forPosts

跨境电商进出口系统
Customs Clearance for
CBEC goods• 快件ABC类Express lettersand parcels• 快件报关单Declarations forexpress goods• 邮政运营的信函包裹快件
Postal letters and parcels• 邮政专用单据Declarations
for postal parcels• 跨境电商货物CBEC goods• 跨境电商清单Simplified
declarations for CBEC goods进口统计
IM Stats

跨境电商统计H2018通关系统1210/1239
H2018 Clearance System for normal goods
B2B2C/B2C
跨境电商统一版系统9610汇总统计
CBEC Clearance System B2C
By aggregation
H2018通关系统9610/9710/9810
H2018 Clearance System for normal goods
B2C consolidation filing

CBEC Stats

出口统计
EX Stats

跨境电商统一版系统9610/9710/9810汇总统计CBEC Clearance System B2C
By aggregation
跨境电商统一版系统1210汇总统计
CBEC Clearance System B2B2C
By aggregation

采集9610等行政记录编制跨境电商统计
Stats by declarations with specific customs procedure code like 9610

从海关行政记录中采集跨境电商统计原始资料
Identifying Sources for CBEC Stats from Customs Declarations

中国进出口货物贸易统计
Stats of trade ingoods

中国跨境电子商
务管理平台统计
Stats of CBEC
with specificCustoms
procedures2017年中国跨境电商管理平台进出口近900亿元（约130亿美元）。
CBEC volume of 2017 closed to RMB90 billion（≈USD13billion）.

通过识别特定监管方式数据是否全面统计跨境电商？

Has every flow of CBEC goods been captured by collecting specific customs record
跨境电商管理平台进出口
与全国进出口增速比较Comparison of the Percentage change
between CBEC(9610 etc.)and Total Trade

年份
YEAR

中国进出口
货物贸易统
计Stats of电商%
全国%
CBEC% Total Trade%

trade in goods

2014

-2.3

2015

818.0

-7.0

2016

38.7-0.9

2017

80.6

14.3

2018

49.3

9.7

占总值（oftotal）0.32%

中国跨境电子商
务管理平台统计
Stats of CBEC
with specificCustoms
procedures

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs declarations for CBEC from business perspective

平台platforms

境内
Domestic

境外平台platforms

卖家on-line vendors

卖家on-line vendors

物流服务商 logistics
providers
支付服务商 payment
companies

物流服务商 logistics
providers
支付服务商 payment
companies买家on-line buyers

买家on-line buyers

研究机构researchers

研究机构researchers

Abroad采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC调研访谈主要结果Main findings of Interviews：• 海关跨境电商统计口径受到业界认可Scope of CBEC is widely accepted.
• 卖家与买家等选择最合适自身需要的通关方式，往往不一定采用跨境电商海关监管方式
CBEC Customs procedures like 9610 is only one choice for vendors or buyers.
• 支付企业不能提供具体跨境电商结算规模，但可以提供佣金等有效信息Payment companies are not able to provide volume of CBEC, while their commission info is helpful.
• 按照个人物品监管的进出境邮快件包裹中也存在电商货物，未列入海关统计
CBEC goods as Express deliveries and postal parcels destined for individual buyers are missed in trade statistics.

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC
境内平台Domestic
Platforms

境内卖家Domestic
Vendors

境内物流商
Domestic Logistics
Providers调研访谈Interview调研访谈Interview调研访谈Interview调查问卷
Survey调查问卷Survey调查问卷Survey

原始资料验证资料验证资料

Sources

Info forverification

Info forverification

其他境内机构OtherDomestic Agencies调研访谈Interview

辅助资料Info forcompilation

境外平台Platformsabroad公开财务数据FinancialReport

原始资料
Sources采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC
• 调研访谈Interviews

2016-2018 • 重点调查与编制试点Annual Survey and Compilation• 完善调查问卷与编制方法Improved Survey• 实现邮快件电商包裹列入统计Postal and express CBEC included

2019-2020 • 提升调查频度Biannual Survey and compilation• 公布初步数据Preliminary Stats Released2021~• 继续完善调查问卷Improved Survey

跨境电商调查问卷样例Sample of Survey Questionnaire for CBEC Stats
1 Basic information
1.1 Trade flow
1.2 Business Type
1.3 Parties involved□ Export only
□Self-built/Self□Third-party
operated Platform
platform
1.3.1 Platforms
Serial No.
12…
1.3.2 Vendors
Serial No.
1□ Import only
□E-commerce□E-commerce Facilitators
VendorNameName□Export and Import

Website Address(Where the goods are ordered)

Website Address(Where the goods
are ordered)

Share(%)

2…

1.3.3 Facilitators
1.3.3.1 Types

1.3.3.2 Clients
1.3.3.2 1 Platforms

1.3.3.2.1 Vendors□ Logisitics

Serial No.
12…
Serial No.
12…

□ Customs
formalities only

□ Payment□
Other_______________

Name

Website Address(Where the goodsare ordered)

Share(%)

Name

Registration No.

Share(%)

跨境电商调查问卷样例Sample of Survey Questionnaire for CBEC Stats
2 Export and Import by Mode of Customs Release
Mode of Customs Release
2.1 Totals
2.2.1 Declared and Released as CBEC goods (Customs procedure code9610, 1210, 1239, 9710 and 9810)
2.2.2 Released other than CBEC goods
2.2.2.1 Released as general cargo
2.2.2.1 Released as express or mail parcels
3 Export and Import by Partner countries and teritories
Major Destination of Export
Serial No.
Name
12…
4 Export and Import by Domestic Locations of China
Major Domestic Sources of Export
Serial No.
Name
12…

Export(Value)

Share (%)

Share (%)

Serial No.
12…

Import(Value)

Major Origin of Import
Name

Share (%)

Major Domestic Destination of Import
Serial No.
Name
Share (%)
12…

5 Export and Import by End Use

跨境电商调查问卷样例Sample of Survey Questionnaire for CBEC Stats
ExportImport

5.1 Total(Value)
5.2 As Comsumer Goods(Value)
Catergories
Clothing shoes bags and jewelry accessories
Mobile phones, computers and other digitalproducts
Household and office appliances

Share (%)

Catergories

Share (%)

Fresh foodMilk powder
Beauty makeup, perfume and daily careHome and kitchen

Medicines, health products and medical
instruments
Mobile phones, computers and other digitalproducts
Household and office appliances

Medicines, health products and medical
instruments
Toys,maternal and infant products other than milk
powderSports and outdoors

Clothing shoes bags and jewelry accessories

Gardening and home improvement tools
Automotive

Toys,maternal and infant products other than milk
powderOthersOthers-5.3 As Input for Production(Value)
Catergories
Intermediate goods: primary

Share (%)

Catergories
Intermediate goods: primaryIntermediate goods: processedIntermediate goods: processed

Capital goods

Capital goods

Share (%)

跨境电商调查问卷样例Sample of Survey Questionnaire for CBEC Stats
6 Expectations and Comments
6.1 Expectations of Business Trend□ Same as the Current Period-□ Going Up□ by less than 5%□ by 5%-20%□ by 20% and more

□ Going Down
□ by less than 5%□ by 5%-20%□ by 20% and more

6.2 Comments

600-800 CBEC players participate in the semi-annual survey.
The information is cross-checked.
The majority of the respondents are collaberative.

对境外平台财报数据进行统计处理——以亚马逊为例
Processing Data from Financial Report of platform abroad: Amazon财报
FinancialReport

第三方平台营收
Third Party
Seller Service通过佣金等计算第三方交易额
Third party
sales bycommission etc.

汇率折算USDRMB
conversion

计算原产中国货物规模Totalsales originatedin China

第三方+自营=在线成交额totalsales

价格调整Sales
Price-FOB
conversion

自营部分On-line stores

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC货物贸易统计TradeStatistics
跨境电商
全业态统
计CBEC frombusinessperspective

跨境电商
管理平台
统计CBEC bycustoms
procedure codes采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC

国务院新闻办2021年1月14日新闻发布会
Press Conference by the State Council Information Office2021-1-14

海关总署新闻发言人、统计分析司司长李魁文：为全面反映跨境电商整体进出口
情况，海关总署充分借鉴我国《电子商务法》以及世界海关组织对跨境电商的定
义，探索建立了跨境电商统计体系。据海关初步统计，2020年我国跨境电商进出口1.69万亿元，增长了31.1%，其中出口1.12万亿元，增长40.1%，进口0.57万亿
元，增长16.5%。
Mr. Li Kuiwen, Director General of Statistics Department and Spokesman of GACC:
China’s CBEC volume of 2020 reached RMB1690 billion, up by 31.1% than the previousyear. Exports grew by 40.1% to RMB1120 billion and imports grew by 16.5% toRMB570 billion.
注：上述数据以前期统计调查及消费品进出口数据为基础测算。
Note: The above data was estimated on basis of previous surveys and imports andexports of consumptions.

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBECIn 2022, CBEC consists of 6.4%of total exports and 2.9% of total imports

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC

Exports mainly to采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC

Imports mainly from采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC

出口消费品占比Consumer goods in
CBEC exports

Clothes &foot wares

Electronic
products likesmartphones

Householdappliances

ProcessedPrimaryIntermediates Intermediates

采集海关行政记录之外的信息编制跨境电商全业态统计
Going beyond Customs Declarations for CBEC进口消费品占比Consumer goods in
CBEC imports

Makeups &daily cares

Fresh foodMedicines &healthproducts

Milk powders Intermediates挑战与下一步计划
Challenges & Future steps• 获取境外平台数据• Collaboration with data
producers abroad• 数据颗粒度问题
• Granularity of data
• 提升数据质量的措施• Measures to improvedata quality• 采用大数据方法提高数据质量• Applying big data technology toimprove data quality• 广泛开展业态调研• More business interviews• 完善调查问卷设计• Upgrading questionnaires谢谢大家！
Thank you for your attention！
李芊 Li Qian(Ms.)
liqian@mail.customs.gov.cn
uibecarol@163.com
86-10-65195640