Joining the Dots
An overview of public health trends in 2007
To what extent do these trends reflect the research into adverse effects on
health of Electromagnetic Radiation?

Whilst the increase in certain

Factors such as population growth andillnesses has been steady forthe ageing population need to beabout four decades – most figures are

considered, as do environmental

indicating that for the last 15 years wechemicals, food additives andhave seen, worldwide, a marked

hormones.

increase in illnesses such as cancers,

Additionally, the National Institute for

cardiac illness, obesity, diabetes,

Environmental health Sciences

asthma, allergies in children, short(NIEHS) in America found that 30 per

term memory problems andcent of the population was more

sleeplessness, to name but a few.

susceptible to the adverse effects ofpollution than the remainder.

The Melbourne Age announced in

Nevertheless, there is so much that isNovember 2007 that experts “warn of

not understood regarding humana health tsunami” that is likely tobiology that it would be unwise to draw

further overwhelm our health system.

any definite conclusions about whatsorts of effects are being experienced

The Australian Institute of Health andby whom.

Welfare announced in 2007 that thefive leading causes of non-fatal illness

One thing here is clear: there isin Australia were diabetes, ischemic

currently a dramatic increase in illness,heart disease, dementia, asthma,

which goes beyond 30 per cent.

anxiety and depression. As 90% of
diabetes is related to weight gain this

There needs to be a major new

could be included as a sixth.

environmental factor for such amarked spike to occur.

1

There is, in fact, only one significant

numerous positive studies are

new factor: the sudden explosion inreflected in these health issues.

wireless communications technology,
which began in Australia“It is clear from my reading of theapproximately 15 years ago.

scientific literature and experiments
which I have conducted that there isThis report draws a link between

the strong possibility that biologicalcurrent health trends and the researcheffects may be induced by long-term

into adverse health effects of EMR.

exposure to low levels of microwaves

Whilst not all research shows theand radiofrequency fields.” Dr Peter

same results, it appears that the

French, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney,
1997

For decades now, the medical
fraternity has been greatly concerned

are surrounded by and whichby the huge incidence of literally un-

penetrate our bodies daily.

explained cancers in our population.
The explosion of microwave radiation

A group of scientists and doctors inas emitted by communications

Germany presented evidence at a

infrastructure is relatively new, withconference in 2002 showing “amillions of antennas and satellites

dramatic rise in severe and chronic

irradiating the global population 24

diseases among our patients exposed

hours a day, 52 weeks a year for theto RF/MW”. These included extreme

past 15 years. As well as all this, mostfluctuations in blood pressure, heart

people spend many hours each day

attacks and strokes in increasingly

sitting in front of a computer.

younger people, degenerative brain
diseases such as Alzheimer’s andMost people don’t think about the fact

epilepsy, leukaemia and brainthat these frequencies that are being

tumours. They also found a rise in

sent all around the planet, somehow

headaches, sleeplessness, tinnitus

magically finding their way to ourand other ailments that were able tophones, TVs and radios without evenbe correlated with the onset oftouching us. But the human body has

exposure to communications

its own delicate and sensitive electricalmicrowaves (see Appendix C).

system, which is easily affected by the

In November 2007 new researchmany electromagnetic frequencies we

has shown that autism in children is2

caused by exposure to EMR –biochemistry have been frequently

currently one in 150 children havereported at exposure levels where

this condition compared to one ingross thermal change could not be

10,000 children twenty years ago.
“I have no doubt in my mind that, atthe present time, the greatest polluting
element in the earth's environment is
the proliferation of electromagnetic
fields.” Dr Robert O. Becker, Nobel
Prize nominee 1
The human body, says Dr. G. J.
Hyland of the University of Warwick,
UK, calls the human body “anelectrochemical instrument of exquisite
sensitivity,” noting that, like a radio, it
can be interfered with by incoming
radiation.
Therefore it is misguided to think thatelectromagnetic radiation would not be
having a negative effect on publichealth, and there is an abundance of
scientific research to show that this is
the case.
As far back as 1994 Australia’s CSIRO
did a 150 page literature review on thestatus of health effects from EMR.
The report’s author, Dr Stan Barnett,
said: “whilst researching the scientific
database in preparation for this report
it has become evident that subtle
changes in cell structure andattributed as a cause.” 2
And from 1996 until he died in 2003,
New Zealand physicist andelectromagnetic radiation (EMR) metaanalyst, Dr Neil Cherry, studied over
600 researchers worldwide. He foundthat EMR caused DNA breakages,
chromosome aberrations, increased
oncogene activity in cells, altered brain
activity, altered blood pressure andincreased brain cancer at very low
levels – much lower than thoseallowed by the Australian standard.
He also found that it impacts on thepineal gland in the brain, resulting in a
reduction of melatonin - a vital part ofmany of the body’s biochemicalsystems, including the mediation ofmany hormone functions (including thecontrol of weight) and a major
scavenger of damaging free radicals. 3
These findings have not only been
replicated many times since, but have
proved to be prophetic: cancer,
leukaemia, cardiac disease, diabetes,
sleep disturbances, dementia, weightgain or loss, weakened immune
system, asthma, allergies, arthritis,
nausea, memory and concentration
problems, neurological conditions, anddepression – all on a sharp rise.

3

consensus of the BioInitiative group is
Dr Cherry was surprised to find howthat the existing public safety limits aremuch published research there is toinadequate for both Electromagnetic

show that - across the entire EMR

Fields and radiofrequency radiation” 6

spectrum - damage was done tocellular DNA, rendering it genotoxic

Marshall and Wetherall found an

and therefore likely to be implicated inexponential increase in the USA of

the formation of tumours and otherautism, ADHD, Chronic Fatigue

illnesses.

Syndrome, and Alzheimer's since
1984, the year the first commercial cell

Since then other scientists havephone networks started to spread

conducted further studies showing

across the USA. These rates

similar results. A study published inincreased even further with theAugust 2007 indicates that mobile

switchover from analog (1G) to digital

phone radiation causes cancer in(2G) in the early 1990s. 7

mice 4 , and another one – also
published in August 2007 in New

In 2005 researchers in China foundScientist by scientists at thethat relatively low-level RF radiation

Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel

can lead to DNA breaks 8 , and in 2004

- finds that after only 5 minutes of

the REFLEX project, which

exposure to radiation one tenth of thesummarised the work of 12 research

power of a mobile phone, rat andgroups in seven European countries,

human cell chemicals undergo

reported that RF radiation couldchanges. This study is unique in that it

increase the number of DNA breaks indemonstrates for the first time a

exposed cells, as well as activate a“:detailed molecular mechanism bystress response – the production ofwhich electromagnetic radiation fromheat-shock proteins. The manager ofmobile phones induces activation of

the project, Franz Adlkofer, said:

extracellular-signal-regulated kinase“…available scientific evidence of such

(ERK) cascade and thereby induces

critical events demonstrates the needtranscription and other cellular

for intensifying research –processes. 5

precautionary measures seem to be
warranted.” 9

In August 2007 the largest and mostcomprehensive meta-analysis ever

Dr Peter French, microbiologist at thewritten on EMR concluded “The clear

department of immunology at St

4

Vincent’s hospital in Sydney, foundCancer Prevention that they hadthat mobile phone radiation switchedobserved a connection between theon heat shock proteins:health of the population and population
density, suggesting that the two“In plain English, the point is that it has

factors having the strongest correlation

been demonstrated by several

with decreased health quality were theresearchers that increasing theestimated average power output fromamount of heat shock proteins in cells

mobile phones…and the reported

results in the increased potential forcoverage from the global system fordeveloping tumours, increased

mobile communication base stations instimulation of metastasis or spread ofeach country.” 12cancers, the direct development ofThis has been confirmed by German

cancer, de novo, and the decreased

company ECOLOG’s report,

effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs. Dr

commissioned by telecommunicationsPeter French 10company T-Mobil in 2000. The
results of this research - leaked to

Cherry also found that microwaves

British group HESE in 2006 - have justcan open the blood brain barrier,been translated into English. It foundallowing damaging chemicals, viruses

that cancer, DNA damage,and bacteria into the brain which could

chromosome aberrations, changes tocause problems such as dementia andenzymes, changes in the brain,

brain tumours. 11

interruption of cell cycle and cellularcommunication, debilitation of theHis findings continue to be verified byimmune system and changes to the

independent scientists and doctors

central nervous system.

around the world, many of whom aresignatories to large scale resolutions

Around a dozen studies were found insuch as the Benevento Resolution in2006 and 2007 demonstrating similar

2006 and Salzburg Resolution in 2000,

results, including one that found theannouncing their findings of asignal from a mobile phone affecting

connection between adverse healthgenes and neurons in both ‘on’ andeffects and exposure to microwave‘off’ modes, 13 and another foundradiation (See Appendices A and B).

“some evidence of nervous system
structural damage after the EMR

In February 2007 Swedish scientists

exposure”. 14

announced in the European Journal of5

1 DiabetesA

ccording to a trial by the George

The Auditor General reported in 2007

Institute for International Health overthat these conditions just keep on

six years to 2007, diabetes isrising. An estimated 90 per cent ofemerging as one of the greatest

new diabetes cases are attributed tothreats to the health of populations

weight gain, which according to theworldwide. More than 600,000

Australian Bureau of Statistics is now

Australians are affected by this52 per cent of all Australians. Since

condition.

the 1980s the amount of overweight
and obese Australian children has

Related to diabetes is obesity, and thismore than doubled. It is estimatedhas also risen dramatically (seethat at least 60% of Australians aged

diagram) since the early 90s the world

18 years and over will be overweight

over. It needs to be understood that it

or obese by 2010. Diabetes has risen

has been shown that exposure to EMR

77 per cent in Victoria since 2001.

at all frequencies alters biochemistry.

The following diagram indicates the

It is therefore almost impossible tosudden rise in obesity from about

predict how such changes will affect1994.

those from different socio-ecnomic or
ethnic groups.
Interestingly, researchers in Japan
have been able to induce obesity inrats by producing microwave-induced
lesions to an area of hypothalamus.
They noted a drop in hypothalamic
norepinephrine and dopamine and adecrease in adrenal epinephrine – apotential cause of obesity. 15

Magda Havas, Environmental Science
Professor at Trent University in
Canada, found in 2006 that blood6

sugar levels in diabetes rise and fall

“Dr Russell Reiter’s book on melatoninwith an electrical environment. 16

lists several illnesses that result from

Scientists have also found that

reduced melatonin. The first is

dysfunctional mitochondria willarthritis, then diabetes, cancer...” Drinterfere with the cellular energy

Neil Cherry 18 .

production and can be linked to fatigue- and possibly obesity 17

7

2

B

Cancery 2006 there were an estimatedthe seven homes surrounding Forest

106,000 new cases of cancer

House in Carnarvon Road, Southdiagnosed in Australia, a 34 per cent

Woodford, which has 16 masts on its

increase over the past decade. The

roof, have contracted cancer. 20

Australian Institute of Health and

The… incidence of leukaemia near the

Welfare (AIHW) says the number ofSouth Woodford mast is far higher

cancers being diagnosed each year isthan would be expected normally,

growing faster than the overall

according to the statistics. There waspopulation. 19

a significant decline in the incidence of
all cancers the further residents lived

In September 2007 David Whiteman,away from the mast.

senior research fellow at the
Queensland Institute of Medical

2. In April 2007 The Sunday Times

Research announced that a rapid rise

reported that seven clusters of cancer

in oesophagus cancer is linked toand other serious illnesses have been

obesity. It’s a real increase in cancer

discovered around mobile phonewhich you just don’t see intowers in the UK, raising concerns

epidemiological lifetimes,” he said.

over the technology’s potential impact“It’s unprecedented to see a cancer

on health there.

come up so quickly”.
3. In 2003 Telecom giant Orange has

Mobile Phone Tower Cancer Clusters

suspended operations at a school
phone mast site in Paris after eight

1. In 2002 Tory leader Iain Duncan

cases of cancer were confirmed

Smith called for an urgent government

among children in the district.

probe into the link between mobile

4. Near Cardiff in Wales at least eightphone masts and cancer after it

residents in the parish of St Georges

emerged that people living in five ofand St Brides have died of cancer inthe past five years. In every one of the
10 houses on a residential street close
to the Sandy Heath transmitter in8

Bedfordshire, there has been a cancer

The study revealed an increased

death. 21

incidence of cancer within up to 7km ofmasts. Subsequent inquiries have

In 2006 17 people around a mobile

unearthed possible clusters in London,

phone tower in Norfolk County in the

Bedfordshire, south Wales and the

US reported symptoms of microwave

Midlands.

sickness – including headaches,fatigue, nausea and dizziness sincePeople in one area near the mast were

the installation of the tower. The tower

found to be 33 per cent more likely to

is to be removed. 22

suffer from cancer.

An industry funded study found in“Public health surveys of people living

1997 that of the exposed mice, 43%

in the vicinity of cell site (mobile

developed cancer, compared to 22%

phone) base stations should be being

This wascarried out now, and continue

regarded by biomedical scientists

progressively over the next two

around the world as highly significant.

decades. This is because effects such“…it may indicate that in individuals

as …cardiac disruption, sleep

genetically predisposed to certain

disturbance, reduced immune systemforms of cancer, the long-termcompetence, cancers and leukaemia

intermittent exposure to RF such as

are probable.” Dr Neil Cherry” 25

in the control group. 23

those used by mobile phones may be
an important stimulus in the inductionof malignancy.” Peter French,
Principal Scientific Officer, Centre for
Immunology, St Vincent’s Hospital,
Sydney. 24
In the UK in 1999, analysis conducted
for The Sunday Times by Professor
Gordon Stewart, one of Britain's
leading epidemiologists, shows there
may be a significant increase in therisk of cancers, including leukaemia,
associated with mobile phone masts.

“When you turn on the body's defence
mechanism against disease, which the
non-ionising radiation does, and you
keep turning it on every day, you
down-regulate it and it no longer turns
on.” Professor Ted Litovitz, 1999 26
Studies of the sites show highincidences of cancer, brain
haemorrhages and high bloodpressure within a radius of 400 yardsof mobile phone towers.

9One of the studies, in Warwickshire,•

A study instigated by theshowed a cluster of 31 cancers around

President of the Federala single street. A quarter of the 30 staff

Agency for Radiation

at a special school within sight of theProtection in Germany from

90ft high mast have developed

1999 until 2004 found that after

tumours since 2000, while anotherfive years operation of thequarter have suffered significant healthmobile phone tower, theproblems.

relative risk of getting cancer
had trebled for the residents of

The tower was pulled down by thethe area in the proximity of themobile phone company after the

tower compared to thepresentation of the evidence by local

residents outside the area. 28

protesters. While rejecting any links to
ill-health, the company admitted the•Two studies carried out in 2004

decision was “clearly rare andepidemiological studies aroundunusual”.

transmitters in Israel over many
years. Their conclusion was a•

A health survey carried out inthreefold increase of cancers

La Ñora, Murcia, Spain in 2004

within a 400 m radius ofaround two GSM mobile phonetransmitters, for breast cancer

towers showed “statisticallya tenfold increase was found.

significant positive exposure-

As a result, two lawsuits were

response associations between

filed for 33 people who lived

the E-field and fatigue,

close to phone towers andirritability, headaches, nausea,

consequently contracted

loss of appetite, sleeping

cancer and leukaemia in thatdisorder, depressive tendency,

year. 29

feeling of discomfort, difficultyin concentration, loss of•

In 2006 an Egyptian study

memory, visual disorder,

found that “Inhabitants living

dizziness and cardiovascularnear mobile phone baseproblems.” 27 According to thestations are at risk of

Mast Sanity group in the UK 47

developing neuropsychiatriccancer clusters have been

problems and changes in thereported around schools in

performance of

Spain.

neurobehavioral functions –10

either by facilitation or

Out of 18 houses in one street eight –inhibition”. 30

ten people were diagnosed with one
form of cancer. He said the odds of•

In France researchers foundthree such clusters occurring were onethat people living within 300 m

in a billion. 33

of a base station suffered fromtiredness, headaches, sleep

The epidemiological figures show that,

disruption, and within 100 mwithin 1.4 miles of the Sutton Coldfiled

irritability, depression, loss ofmast, the number of adult leukaemia

memory, dizziness, and loss ofcases was nearly double what would

libido. 31

normally be expected.

The Nobel Prize winning Irish Doctors•

A study published in 2007 by

Association in 2005 listed 70 research

Mina Ha of Dankook University

papers showing the dangers from low

in South Korea found thatlevel microwaves. Dr. Santini listed 20“children living within 2km of ansimilar studies, the EM. Radiation

AM transmitter had more than

Research Trust listed 9 studies, Dr.

twice the risk of developing

Blackwell listed 6 similar studies in his

leukaemia, compared to thosereport, and finally, four international

living more than 20km away.”

universities completed the Spanish

34

Study which verified all of the known
illnesses.

•

Communities living near the
Vatican radio transmitter north

Dr John Walker, a doctor from Suttonof Rome have reported highColdfield, compiled three cancer

rates of cancer – with twice thecluster studies around mobile phone

usual rate of childhood

towers from Devon, Lincolnshire,leukaemia within six kilometres

Staffordshire and the West Midlands.

of the radio station. The

He was convinced they showed aincidence of both decreased

potential link between the angle of thewith distance from thebeam of radiation emitted from theantennas. 35

masts’ antennae and illnesses
discovered in local populations. 32 Dr•

In 2000 Australian Dr Bruce

Sutton first noticed a high number of

Hocking presented the findings

specific cancers in the early 1990s.

of a health study in a 4km zone

11

surrounding Sydney TV towers.

Uekae, EMC TEMPEST Test Centre,

He found that children living

Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.

within a 4km radius ofKwee, S., et al, 1998: Changes in cell

television towers had a 60%

proliferation due to environmental

higher incidence of leukaemia

non-ionizing radiation Bioelectrochem

than children who lived further

Bioenerg; 44 (2): 251 - 255from the towers and there wasa far greater risk of dying from“…Over 20 studies show that both

the disease. Dr Hocking also

through reducing melatonin andfound a slightly increased rate

through enhancing free radical activity,of adult cancer in the study

EMR is genotoxic, damaging the DNA

area than beyond it. 36

and chromosomes, enhancing
oncogene expression andAlso showing effects:

transforming cells to neoplastic cells

Yurekli AI, et al, 2006. GSM baseand causing cancer in exposed

station electromagnetic radiation andpopulations.” Dr Neil Cherry 37

oxidative stress in rats., Tubitak-

Breast cancer
According to the Australian Bureau ofpremature loss of life among American

statistics, breast cancer was the most

women - and that breast cancer wascommonly diagnosed new cancer inthe leader in that category.

women in 2001, with prostate cancer

According to the Breast Cancer Fund’s

in men the most common. 38“State of the Evidence” report,
approximately half of all breast

The Australian Institute of Health andcancers are caused by environmental

Welfare Cancer Monitoring Unit said

factors, including radiation. 40that the number of women diagnosed
with breast cancer has more thanThis is directly connected to the role ofdoubled in the past 20 years -Melatonin in the body, which has been

increasing from 5,318 women in 1983

shown to have anti-cancer properties.

to 12,027 women in 2002. 39

For example, adding melatonin tocancer cells in a laboratory dish will

In America, the Federal Centre forcause them to stop growing. Placing

Disease Control in the US has said

the same dish in an electromagnetic

that cancer is the leading cause of

field will cause the cells to start

12

growing again. Research has also

cancer among female telegraphshown that night shift work may

operators exposed to RF/EMF.

increase the risk of breast cancer by

Premenopausal women showed anlowering melatonin levels. At least

increased risk of oestrogen-receptor-

three studies suggest a link between

negative tumours. Premenopausal

night-shift work and increased risk ofwomen appear to be at higher risk

breast cancer.

than postmenopausal women.

In Brisbane, Queensland, from 1995
until 2006 14 women working night

A drop in melatonin levels has also

shift for ABC TV in the same room

been connected with increases incontracted breast cancer. On 13th Julybreast cancer 42

2007 it was reported that a 15th woman
working in the same room had also

Another Norwegian study also showed

been diagnosed with breast cancer.

a 60 percent increase in breast cancer
risk in women of all ages living near

And also in July 2007 a Sydneyhigh voltage power lines. 43

hospital announced it wasinvestigating a possible cancer cluster
after five female staff members werediagnosed with breast cancer within
six years. Management at Concord

Cleary, S., et al, 1990, Glioma Proliferation

Modulated in Vitro by IsothermalRadiofrequency Radiation Exposure, Radiation
Research, Vol. 121, No. 1 (Jan., 1990), pp. 3845

Hospital, in Sydney's west revealed it
launched a preliminary investigation in

Male Breast Cancer and Male Breasts

May concerning cancer patterns
among staff. Five female workers

Although breast cancer is rare in men,were diagnosed with the disease

numerous studies point to a

between 2001 and 2006.

connection between EMR exposureand male breast cancer. A recent“These are sufficient to classify aliterature review on male breast cancer

causal relationship between EMR andalso identifies exposure to EMR as abreast cancer, with melatoninrisk factor. 44

reduction as the biologicalmechanism.” Dr Neil Cherry 41

In 2001 three cases of male beast
cancer showed up in the same office.

In 2003 Norwegian researchersreported an increased risk of beast

A law suit was filed – the attorneyarguing that the cancers were caused,13

at least in part, by an electrical vault

thing the mind goes to - one mustthat was next to the basement officeremember that these have been

where the men worked. He said thataround for a few decades and cannot

the odds of this happening were ain this instance be implicated.

trillion to one.
Pollan M, et al, Breast cancer, occupation, andAnother very recent phenomena is theappearance of male breasts. The
Sunday Age reported in July 2007 that

exposure to electromagnetic fields among
Swedish men. Am J Ind Med 2001, 39 (3): 27685

breast reduction operations on men

Demers, et al 1991, Occupational Exposure tohave sky-rocketed, with approximately

Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer ina 22 per cent rise over the past 12
months. Whilst hormone residues that

Men, American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.
134, No. 4: 340-347

get into the waterways are the first

Brain cancer
Brain cancer is specifically associatedphones as a possible cause of brain

with mobile and cordless phone use

tumours. 46

rather than towers.
Professor Jillian Birch of Manchester
Whilst this report is focusing on trends

University said in 2001 that cancers

for the past 15 years, it is interesting tosuch as brain tumours and leukaemia

note that brain cancer rates wereare on a sharp rise in children – andalready climbing in the United Statesthat modern living could be to blame. 47

among people under the age of 45 by
1990, according to a study publishedThe number of brain tumour cases inin The American Journal of Industrial

the US and Europe has increased by

Medicine. 45 These findings are the first

up to 40% in the past 20 years,

to report a statistically significant

according to data released at aincrease in new cases of brain

medical conference in Italy intumours among younger people. Dr.

2003. 48 The incidence rate for brain

Devra Lee Davis, from the University

tumours is increasing among people ofof Washington noted that otherall ages, but males between 20 and 40

researchers had implicatedyears old are the most affected,

electromagnetic radiation from mobile

according to Dr. Alba Brandes, an

14oncologist at the Azienda-Ospedale inon the Occupational HealthPadua. "The latest epidemiologicaland Environmental Medicine

studies indicate that white collar

website also found that theworkers--intellectuals andlong term risk of such tumours

professionals--are among the mostwas two-and-a-half times

affected," he said. "The reason is still

higher than would normally beunknown, though environmental

expected. 51

causes such as cellular phones,
computers and exposure to•

In 2006 Hardell also found thatelectromagnetic fields cannot be ruled“for all studied phone types anout".

increased risk for brain
tumours, mainly acoustic

This year the Swiss Federal Agency

neuroma and malignant brain

for Environment issued a report thattumours.” 52

said: “it has to be generally regarded
as possible that intensive long-term•

In 2003 another Swedish byuse of mobile telephones could to an

Leif Salford found mobile-increased risk of brain tumours.” 49

phone exposure caused brain
damage in lab rats.

In Melbourne in 2006 seven people at

Researchers found damage to

the Royal Melbourne Institute ofneurons in rat brains exposed

Technology (RMIT) developed brain

to radiation from mobile

tumours two floors underneathphones, saying radiation fromtransmitting antennas. They had been

GSM mobile phones, which are

working there for ten years.

prevalent around the world,
was associated with leakage in•

In January 2007 thethe blood-brain barrier. 53

International Journal of Cancer
published a study that found a•

In Qatar, a developing country,

higher incidence of brain

scientists found a slight rise intumours on the same side ofbrain tumours between 2004

the head the phone was usedand 2005 54 .

after ten or more years of
exposure, 50 and also in 2007 ameta-analysis by Swedish•

In Finland researchers showedthat using a mobile phoneresearcher Hardell published15decreased blood flow in the

In 2007 officials in Belgium andbrain. 55

Germany called for a ban on mobile
phone use by children under 16, due•

An Italian study found thatto the ongoing evidence of harm.

mobile phones temporarily

Some doctors in Vienna are displaying

excite the neurons in the part

warning notices in their surgeries. 59of the brain closest to thephone. 56

Many researchers have also foundthat mobile phone users reported

The Interphone project - a multi-

symptoms of burning or a dull ache innational series of epidemiologicaltemporal, occipital or auricular areas,

studies conducted by Finland’sheadache, concentration problems,Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority

discomfort, memory loss, burning skin,- tested whether using mobile phones

tingling and tightness. 60 61 62

increases the risk of various cancers in
the head and neck found that “people
who use mobile phones for more thanAlso showing effects:
Eulitz, C, Ullsperger, P, Freude, G, Elbert ,T,
1998: Mobile phones modulate response

ten years have nearly 40 per centpatterns of human brain activity. Neuroreportchance of developing brain tumours on

9(14):3229-3232.

the side of the head against which
they hold their phones”. 57 The project

Szmigelski, S.,1997, Polish Military Personnel

edposed to RF had 2.7 times the average ratecomprised national studies from 13

of brain Cancer, Second World Congress fordifferent countries, which wereElectricity and Magnetism in Biology andcoordinated by the International

Medicine, Bologna, Italy. Microwave News,

Agency for Research on Cancer

Jan/Feb 98, p. 10.

(IARC), an agency of the World HealthOrganisation (WHO). The German
team reported a 2.2-fold increase in
the incidence of gliomas amongst
those who had used a mobile phone
for at least ten years. 58 Teams from
Denmark, Sweden and the UK havealready reported their results, whichsome observers interpret as indicating“Over 40 studies [show] that cell
phone frequencies [mirror] thebiological and epidemiological studies
for EMR over the past four decades.
This includes…increased brain cancer.
I predict a significant increase in brain
tumours in younger groups thannormal from the use of mobiles”. 63

a long term risk.

16

“Symptoms of reduced immune

And figures from Europe show asystem competence, cardiac

dramatic rise in the incidence ofproblems, especially of the arrhythmic

prostate cancer from 1993 and thentype and cancers, especially brain

1999. (See diagram).

tumour and leukaemia are probable”.
64

Dr Neil Cherry

Prostate and Testicular Cancer
An Australian Institute for health andWelfare report shows that rates of
prostate cancer have risen 42% in thepast five years, pushing up the numberof prostate cancer cases by 50% to an

Also showing effects:

estimated 18,700 in 2006. 65

Dasdag, S, Ketani, MA, Akdag, Z, Ersay, AR,
Sar,i I, Demirtas ,OC, Celik, MS, 1999: Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular

In 2003 prostate cancer was named byphones and testicular function of rats. Urol Res

the AIHW as one of the most common

27(3):219-223.

cancers in Australia.
“There is a large and coherent body ofevidence of biological mechanismsthat support the conclusion of aplausible, logical and causal

UPDATE: In October 2007 anothercancer cluster of 10 people has been
discovered on the top floor of a
hospital in Israel.

relationship between EMR exposureand cancer, cardiac, neurological andreproductive health effects.” Dr Neil
Cherry 66

17

3 Heart Disease and High Blood PressureG

lobally, high blood pressure

dramatic rise over the past decade. A

was one of the top threerecent report in the Hypertension:leading modifiable risk factors of

Journal of the American Heartdisease in 2005, along with tobacco

Association indicates some 65 million

and alcohol. New research has now

adults were diagnosed with high bloodshown that high blood pressure now

pressure in 2004, versus 50 million 10

causes up to 66% of cardiovascular

years ago. (New York Times, Junediseases, such as heart disease and2004).

stroke in the Asia-Pacific Region,according to The George Institute for

Also in 2004 a health survey fromInternational Health. 67

1988 to 2000 by the US Heart, Lung
and Blood Institute and published inHeart disease, heart attacks, heart

The Journal of the American Medical

irregularities, strokes and high blood

Association said they were strugglingpressure are all rising sharply.

to control the growing rate of childhood
obesity in the United States, with

In Australia, the Baker Heart Researchchildren and adolescents' blood

Institute’s Professor Simon Stewart inpressure levels climbing sharply.

June 2007 sent medical staff into

A survey done by the British Heart

shopping centres around the country

Foundation for the UK’s National

to measure the blood pressure of

Health Service in 2002 claimed the

15,000 Australians. The preliminary

number of people living with heartfindings were that 42 per cent of

failure has risen by 15 per cent. 68

Australians now have high bloodpressure - up from 35 per cent in

A mechanism for this was proposed by

2000. Full results of the study are

Professor Russell Reiter, one of the

expected later in the year.

world’s leading researchers on
melatonin, who summarises its role as

In the US, almost a third of all adults

being vital for healthy sleep, reducing

suffer from high blood pressure, a18

cholesterol and blood pressure, andVangelova, K et al, 2006. RF exposure

therefore the incidence of strokes. 69

adversely affected cardiovascular system, Int JHigh blood pressure was also foundamongst those living around phone
towers in the UK 70
Also showing effects:

Hyg Environ Health 209(2):133-8.

“In 1998 Braune et al found increases
blood pressure as a result of exposure
to EMR” 71

Parazzini M, et al, 2006: 900 MHz mobile“There is a large and coherent body ofphone radiation and heart rate variability,

evidence of biological mechanisms

Bioelectromagnetics

that support the conclusion of a

Bortkiewicz, A., et al, 1995: Dysregulation ofplausible, logical and causal

autonomic control of cardiac function in

relationship between EMR exposure

workers at AM broadcasting stations (0.738-

and cancer, cardiac, neurological and1.503 MHz). Electro- and Magnetobiology

reproductive health effects.” Dr Neil

14(3): 177-191.

Cherry 72

19

4
A

Asthma and Allergies
report in July 2007 published in

examine is the fact that East Germany

the Medical Journal of Australia

had much stricter regulations

claimed that young children are being

regarding ambient radiation levels thanadmitted into hospital with severe foodWest Germany. Since East Germany

allergies at five times the rate of aadopted West Germany's standards,

decade ago. The report’s author,

allergies in former East Germany have

Professor Raymond Mullins who also

since reached par with the levels ofworks as a practitioner in Canberra,

former West Germany.

noted a 12-fold increase in childhoodallergies in the last couple of years. 73

In 1997 microbiologist Dr Peter Frenchof St Vincent’s Hospital in Sydney was

By 2001 there had been a 25 per centconducting experiments on mast cells.

rise in asthma in Sydney, with an

What he discovered was that theincrease in the death rate by 5 per

production of histamine – the chemical

cent.

responsible for allergic reactions - andAnother report by the AustralianInstitute of Health and Welfare in 2005
found that asthma is the most common
chronic disease among children up to
the age of 14. 74
The National Jewish Medical andResearch Centre in Denver reported

which is involved in bronchial spasm,
is nearly doubled after exposure tomobile phone frequencies. He
speculated that this could result in an
increase in illnesses such as asthma
and allergies in the years to come. 75•

fields (ELFs) have been shownthat after re-unification, West Germans

to increase the number of mast

were found to be far more allergic thancells in the body. 76

their eastern counterparts, eventhough industrial pollution was somuch higher. Many researchers andscientists were - and still are - puzzled
by this fact, but what they failed to

Low-frequency electromagnetic•

Microwaves have also beenfound to increase
immunoglobulin antibodies in20

the body which are responsible

Dr. John Holt … pointed out thatfor triggering an allergic

mobile phone frequencies double thereaction to a particularamount of histamines and thus cause

substance or protein. 77

asthma and allergies. 78

21

5

S

Alzheimer’s Diseaseomeone develops Alzheimer’spressure and cholesterol all increase

every 72 seconds, according to

the risk of dementia because they can

America’s 2007 Alzheimer’s

lead to damage of the blood vessels in

Association report. The Alzheimer’s

the brain, which in turn leads to the

Association today reports that in 2007

death of brain cells. 79

there are now more than 5 million
people in the United States living with

In Australia, $1,000,000 per year is

Alzheimer’s disease, which is a 10

spent on Alzheimer’s disease. Whilst

percent increase from the previous

this is also a picture of the ageing

prevalence nationwide estimate of 4.5

population – there is nevertheless no

million.

real reason for this to result in such ahigh rate of dementia.

15 years ago Alzheimer’s disease wasconsidered a rare condition – what has

In June 2007 neurologist Sudha

happened in the interim?

Seshadri of Boston University foundthat diabetes speeds — and may even

The American Diabetes Association

cause — Alzheimer's disease. The

has also warned that today's

central problem in diabetes is themushrooming diabetes epidemic will

body's inability to regulate blood sugar

become tomorrow's Alzheimer's

through the hormone insulin. 80

epidemic in an address to the
Association's 67th Annual Scientific

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation

Sessions, held June 2007 in Chicago.

has been shown to effect an abnormal
drop in the levels of the

And in the UK, experts from theneurotransmitter acetylcholine. 81 A

Alzheimer’s Society have predicted

drop in the levels of this

this year that rising rates of obesity will

neurotransmitter has been linked to alead to dramatic increases in thenumber of neurological andnumber of people with Alzheimer's

neuromuscular disorders - including

disease. Obesity, smoking, high blood

Alzheimer's disease.

22

“Melatonin plays a vital free
Several studies by Salford and hisradical scavenging role in thecolleagues demonstrated thebrain where, because it is highpermeability of the blood brain

in iron, has a high production

barrier 82 83 , and in 2003 another study

rate of hydroxyl radicals (OH·).

showed that mobile phones damage

Free radical damage is now

key brain cells and could trigger the

known to play a formative role

early onset of Alzheimer's disease.

in most brain disorders,

They found that radiation from mobile

including Alzheimer’s disease,phone handsets damages areas of themultiple sclerosis andbrain associated with learning,

Parkinson’s disease.” Dr Neilmemory and movement. “We have

Cherry.

good reason to believe that what
happens in rat's brains also happens“EM fields alter the levels ofin humans”, he said. 84

protective proteins…. these
protective proteins are related
to Alzheimer’s and that a
reduction in protective proteinsmeans a greater probability of
Alzheimer’s. This is a theory
which we have not tested, butthere is data out there thatappears to relate the incidenceof Alzheimer’s to exposure toelectromagnetic fields.”
Professor Ted Litovitz 85

23

6

T

Sleep disturbancehere are many causes ofthat the local population suffered fromsleeplessness – but there is little

insomnia and other neurological

doubt that sleep problems are on the

problems such as nervousness,rise.

weakness, tiredness, restlessness andaching limbs, 86 whilst the tower was

In increasingly sophisticatedoperating, but resumed normal

economies in the West this could lead

sleeping patterns when it wasto the creation of "zombie nations",

switched off. Cherry explained thatreported the UK Telegraph in June

this was due to reduced melatonin

2007. Symptoms of deprivation range

levels caused by exposure to thefrom weight gain to irritability,

signal.

hallucinations and depression,
Professor Russell Foster, of Oxford•

Hutter et al 87 found that people

University, told the Cheltenham

living near mobile phone

Science Festival.

towers suffered fromheadaches, tiredness, sleep

A recent study of 2000 women by

disturbance, loss of memory,

Britain’s National Sleep Foundationdizziness, and difficulty infound that 70 per cent of the womenconcentrating.

experienced regular ongoing sleep
problems, with men only 52 per cent.

•

In Oberlaindern in Germany in2003 a radio tower was closed

And in the US in 2006 42 million

down due to complaints frompeople (one in five) took medication to

the locals, who complained thehelp them sleep – up 60 per cent since

signal was keeping them

2000.

awake. 88

A study conducted around the
Schwarzenburg radio and TV tower in
Switzerland in the mid 1990s showed24Other neurological effects“... They were sampling

indicated by scientific researchmelatonin before and after the

includes anxiety andtower was permanently turned

depression, both of which are

off and found a significant rise

also on a sharp rise;in melatonin after the tower

nevertheless due to thewas turned off. They found aprevalence of mood-altering

dose response increase indrugs and other environmental

sleep disturbance. When thefactors these problems are

tower was turned off

obviously too complex toexperimentally, the sleep

mention in the context of only

quality improved and melatonin

one potential cause.

rose in animals.” Dr Neil
Cherry 89

Nevertheless, a 2004 Spanish
study around a mobile phone•

In addition, resting EEG

tower found that depressive

patterns have shown atendencies were among theshortening of REM sleep and asymptoms experienced.

strengthening of alpha waves.
In 1996, researchers K. Mann

Fritzer G, J et al, 2007: Effects ofshort- and long-term pulsed

and J. Röschke inradiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Neuropsychobiology, pointed

on night sleep and cognitive functions

out that “REM sleep plays ain healthy subjects,

special physiological role for
information processing in thebrain” 90

Biolelectromagnetics;28:316-325.
Vecchio, F et al, 2007, Mobile phones

change brain wave patterns, Eur J
Neurosci 25(6):1908-1913•

Recent studies from Spain,
France and the UK around

Borbely, A et al, 1999: Pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic field affects

mobile phone towers found thathuman sleep and sleep

sleep problems were among

electroencephalogram. Neurosci Lett

the symptoms experienced.

275(3):207-210.

25

7 ArthritisM

ore children are suffering fromprevalence of arthritis in people aged

arthritis than ever before.

24 and over”. Dr Kenneth Muirden of

Unpublished data released in June,

the Arthritis Foundation of Australia

2007 from a study conducted jointly by

said.

the American College of
Rheumatology and the American

There are now six million arthritis

Academy of Paediatrics at the behest

sufferers in Australia.

of the Centres for Disease Control andPrevention states that nearly 300,000

And in Australia, 93,000 Westchildren in the United States have

Australian children aged between fivesignificant arthritis. The Bloorview

and 15 are estimated to be overweight

MacMillan Children's Centre in Toronto

or obese, putting them at risk of notstates that this number is “probably anjust heart disease as they get older but

underestimate” since it only takes into

also the crippling bone diseaseaccount those children who havearthritis, reported a West Australianactually been diagnosed with arthritis.

Health Department survey in June2007.

An Australian study confirms that therate of childhood arthritis is four to six“Multiple observations of melatonintimes higher than rates typicallyreduction in EMR-exposed populations

quoted.

mean that EMR exposure increases
the incidence of arthritis, diabetes,

Data released in the Medical Journal

cancer, reproductive, neurological andof Australia showed that there was a

cardiac disease and or death, asjump of 46 per cent in arthritis cases

identified by Reiter and Robinson.”from 1990 to 1995. “There is a clear

Dr Neil Cherry 91

indication of a dramatic growth in the26

8 Memory Loss and ConcentrationT

his is a common experience – itonce again, had no problem swimming

hardly needs to be said that weto the platform.

all experience memory loss, no matter
how old we are. Scientists have foundon numerous occasions that mobile
phones may cause long-term memory"Then we took the platform away," Laisaid. "The normal rats went to thelocation, but the irradiated rats, on theloss.

other hand, swam around randomly,

In 2000 Dr. Henry Lai, a research

location of the platform. 92

and did not approach the former

professor in bioengineering at the
University of Washington, has linked•

In 2006 researchers in Israel

long-term memory loss and diminishedfound an effect from mobile

navigating skills in rats with thephone base station radiation

microwaves emitted by mobile phones.

on cognitive function. They
exposed 36 volunteers ot the"This is the first study that shows thatstation such that the right or theradio frequencies can affect long-term

left side of the brain wasmemory functions in rats," Lai said.

exposed. At the same time,

Previous studies have focused mainly

subjects performed tests toon short-term memory.

activate either the left or rightside of the brain. They showed

Lai placed 100 rats in a large tank ofthat exposure to the left side ofwater and taught them to swim to a

the brain slowed responses inplatform in the middle of the tank. After

three of the four tasks. 93

swimming to the platform six times, therats were easily able to find their way
to it.
Next, half of the rats were exposed tomicrowaves similar to those emitted bymobile phones. All of the exposed rats
forgot the way. The unexposed rats,•

Also in 2006 in China a
research team exposed rats toa GSM mobile phone signal for
15 minutes a day for eightdays. Results showed that
exposure reduced synaptic

27

activity and the numbers ofmemory and concentration

excitory synapses in thewere affected by exposure.

experioment. 94
Also showing effects:•

In Greece in 2006 it was shown

Krause et al, 2007: Effects of pulsedthat phone radiation affects

and continuous wave 902 MHz mobile

cognitive functions inhumans. 95•

activity during cognitive processing,
Bioelectromagnetics 2007;28:296-308.

Another study on cerebral

Huber R et al, 2005, Exposure toblood flow was conducted

pulse-modulated radio frequency

where it was observed by the
researchers that 16 volunteers
experienced a short-term
decrease in cerebral bloodflow 96•phone exposure on brain oscillatory

Recent studies from Spain,
France and the UK aroundmobile phone towers found thatelectromagnetic fields affects regional
blood flow. Eur J Neurosci; 21:1000-6“Mild et al. (1998) show
significant dose-response
relationships for cell phone
usage and headaches,dizziness, memory loss,
discomfort, fatigue, and loss ofconcentration.” Dr Neil Cherry 97

28

9 Male InfertilityM

ale fertility has been declining

research program for thefor over 20 years. Whilst

Wireless Telecommunications

oestrogenic chemicals are clearly a

Industry in the US. It foundfactor here, many studies havethat the cumulative DNA

indicated that EMR is also a likely

damage caused by RFvariable.

exposure is carried forward to
future generations.

•

An American study from the
Reproductive Centre in“Reduced melatonin leads toCleveland in 2006 shows that

increased DNA strand breaks

men who used a mobile phoneand chromosome aberrations.

had a 25 per cent lower sperm

These in turn lead to cancer

count than men who neverand reproductive effects.” Dr

used a mobile. Sperm counts

Neil Cherry.

in the US have plummeted 29
per cent, attributed by thestudy’s authors to mobile
phone emissions. 98•

In 1997 Magras & Xenos
placed mice at various
locations in relation to an RF
tower in Greece in order tomonitor their fertility over
several generations. The ‘low’
exposure group became
infertile after five generations,and the ‘high’ exposure group
after three generations. 99•

Dr George Carlo of the US led
a six-year, US$28 million

29

ConclusionD

ue to the fact that EMR alters

wanted to continue working went along

biochemistry, there can bewith the charade.”no limit to the possible

biological effects, adverse or

Dr. George Carlo uses the analogy ofotherwise, as a result of exposure.

putting a frog in water. If you put a frog

This remains the same with any typein boiling water, it will jump out.

of chemical pollution, but it isHowever, if you put a frog in cold

particularly the case with the volatilewater and gradually heat the water,

and poorly understood nature of

you can cook the frog because theradiant electricity.

frog's body will adjust to the slightchanges in temperature and it will not

However to look only at trying to

notice it is being cooked. Well, thereverse such health trends is likesame thing might be happening to antrying to rid the bathroom floor of water

unsuspecting public.

without first looking to see where thewater is coming from, and turning off

It has taken 50 years to finally takethe tap.

seriously the threat of global warming.
David Suzuki said in the 1970s that weCommunications frequencies use so-

only had 40 years left if development

called non-thermal levels of microwave

continued at the same pace. He wasradiation – i.e. they do not directly heatright - but governments did not act,

living tissue in the same way aand now we are paying the price. It

microwave oven does. Well-known

has been same with tobacco.

scientist and author Robert Becker
said in 1985, “…when non-thermal

Whilst not proposing that the wireless

dangers were originally documented inworld should be switched off

America, military and industrial

tomorrow, I believe that we must heedspokespeople refused to acknowledge

independent scientists on the dangers

them, lying to Congress and theof non-thermal radiation before

public. Many scientists who naturally

populations are further damaged.

30

There are problems in this area ofThis technology has been rolled out

research due to the volatile andthe world over without any priorinvisible nature of what is being

warning or any recourse to protest.

examined - however this is no excuse

There were no regulations for the

to bury our heads in the sand.

testing of the emissions, in spite of the
known dangers. Communities were

A study reported in the media on 16th

caught by surprise, with no time toJuly 2007 stated that people are sogather information about this new

dependent upon their mobiles thatpollutant.

they could not in any way envisage
having to live without them. This,

Nevertheless in Europe and the US

though, is an illusion, for there was nowireless-free zones are now being

demand for this technology prior to its

created, along with materials andcreation.

buildings as a shield against EMR.
For example, a building now exists in“I have found more than 30 studies

Budapest with the sole aim ofshowing chromosome damage inshielding its occupants from antennas,

people exposed to radiofrequency

and in Canada officials from themicrowave radiation. This is far more

Slocan Valley Economic Development

than we have for benzine, which is a

Commission are claiming that keeping

carcinogen.” Dr Neil Cherry 100

the valley mobile-free will draw intourists and new residents. 101

Groups in the UK and Europe havesuggested lowering the exposure limits“The problems are going to increaseor using more fibre optic cabling, andunless a determined effort is made to

by siting antennas away fromonly install sites that produce

residential areas and schools.

extremely low mean residential
exposures - somewhat less than

It is extraordinary that in Australia

0.01uW/cm2.” Dr Neil Cherry, 2001.

telecommunications carriers can still
install antennas on roofs of shops,

The human race has evolved against achurches, schools and other public

background of very low level naturalbuildings without permission fromradiation - about 8Hz. The current

owners, local councils, or thoseartificial radiation is now billions of

nearby, in spite of regular protests.

times higher than when our
grandparents lived. “This pulsing is in31the frequency range of our brainhydrogen molecules in the upper

waves and can cause them to speed

atmosphere and ionosphere. 103

up or slow down, changing our level ofconsciousness, as has been

I have only presented the studies

demonstrated byindicating adverse health effects fromelectroencephalograms” (EEG). 102

EMR that relate to publicised healthtrends – leaving out many of the

If the effects showing up now after

problems that have been documented

only 15 years are anything to go by -- either anecdotally or as

and if levels continue to increase as

epidemiological evidence – such as

they are bound to do with the further

Electrosensitivity, hearing loss, ADHD,

development of wireless technology -autism, violence and epilepsy.

what sort of effects on the humanbeing can we expect in future years?

However there are studies that

Research is beginning to indicate thatindicate that bacteria growth isthere may be no safe threshold for

affected by microwave radiation. Is

these exposures, just like for x-

there a connection between this andrays….and if that’s the case, we are in

the huge rise in infection rates andtrouble because non-ionising radiation

bacterial illness? 104

is everywhere and growing

indicate that microwave radiation can

exponentially.

also cause abnormalities in the T-

Other studies

lymphocyte ratio, which lead to an
In view of current data, it is not hard toincreased susceptibility to viral, fungal,

envisage worldwide, irreversible

and bacterial infections. 105

damage on all levels – including thoseof a more subtle nature as indicated by“All truth passes through three stages.

the Egyptian study - if the issue is not

First it is ridiculed. Second, it istaken more seriously by governments.

violently opposed. Third, it is accepted

There are also indications that EMR

as being self-evident.” Schopenhauer.

may be contributing to global warming
through the atmospheric agitation of32

Appendix A
Benevento Resolution
The International Commission for Electromagnetic Safety (ICEMS) held aninternational conference entitled “The Precautionary EMF Approach: Rationale,

Legislation and Implementation”, hosted by the City of Benevento, Italy, on February
22, 23 & 24, 2006. The meeting was dedicated to W. Ross Adey, M.D. (1922-2004).
The scientists at the conference endorsed and extended the 2002 Catania
Resolution and resolved that:
More evidence has accumulated suggesting that there are adverse health effects
from occupational and public exposures to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic
fields, or EMF1, at current exposure levels. What is needed, but not yet realised, is acomprehensive, independent and transparent examination of the evidence pointing tothis emerging, potential public health issue.
Resources for such an assessment are grossly inadequate despite the explosive
growth of technologies for wireless communications as well as the huge ongoinginvestment in power transmission.
There is evidence that present sources of funding bias the analysis and interpretationof research findings towards rejection of evidence of possible public health risks.
Arguments that weak (low intensity) EMF cannot affect biological systems do not
represent the current spectrum of scientific opinion.
Based on our review of the science, biological effects can occur from exposures toboth extremely low frequency fields (ELF EMF) and radiation frequency fields (RFEMF). Epidemiological and in vivo as well as in vitro experimental evidence
demonstrates that exposure to some ELF EMF can increase cancer risk in children
and induce other health problems in both children and adults. Further, there isaccumulating epidemiological evidence indicating an increased brain tumour risk
from long term use of mobile phones, the first RF EMF that has started to becomprehensively studied. Epidemiological and laboratory studies that show
increased risks for cancers and other diseases from occupational exposures to EMF

33

cannot be ignored. Laboratory studies on cancers and other diseases have reported
that hypersensitivity to EMF may be due in part to a genetic predisposition.
We encourage governments to adopt a framework of guidelines for public andoccupational EMF exposure that reflect the Precautionary Principle2 -- as somenations have already done. Precautionary strategies should be based on design andperformance standards and may not necessarily define numerical thresholds
because such thresholds may erroneously be interpreted as levels below which no
adverse effect can occur. These strategies should include:
6.1 Promote alternatives to wireless communication systems, e.g., use of fibre optics
and coaxial cables; design cellular phones that meet safer performance
specifications, including radiating away from the head; preserve existing land line
phone networks; place power lines underground in the vicinity of populated areas,
only siting them in residential neighbourhoods as a last resort;
6.2 Inform the population of the potential risks of cell phone and cordless phone use.
Advise consumers to limit wireless calls and use a land line for long conversations.
6.3 Limit cell phone and cordless phone use by young children and teenagers to thelowest possible level and urgently ban telecom companies from marketing to them.
6.4 Require manufacturers to supply hands-free kits (via speaker phones or ear
phones), with each cell phone and cordless phone.
6.5 Protect workers from EMF generating equipment, through access restrictions and
EMF shielding of both individuals and physical structures.
6.6 Plan communications antenna and tower locations to minimize human exposure.
Register mobile phone base stations with local planning agencies and use computermapping technology to inform the public on possible exposures. Proposals for citywide wireless access systems (e.g. Wi-Fi, WIMAX, broadband over cable or powerline or equivalent technologies) should require public review of potential EMF
exposure and, if installed, municipalities should ensure this information is available to
all and updated on a timely basis.

34

6.7 Designate wireless-free zones in cities, in public buildings (schools, hospitals,
residential areas) and, on public transit, to permit access by persons who arehypersensitive to EMF.
ICEMS3 is willing to assist authorities in the development of an EMF research
agenda. ICEMS encourages the development of clinical and epidemiologicalprotocols for investigations of geographical clusters of persons with reported allergic
reactions and other diseases or sensitivities to EMF, and document the effectivenessof preventive interventions. ICEMS encourages scientific collaboration and reviews of
research findings.
The Precautionary Principle states when there are indications of possible adverse
effects, though they remain uncertain, the risks from doing nothing may be far greaterthan the risks of taking action to control these exposures. The Precautionary
Principle shifts the burden of proof from those suspecting a risk to those who
discount it.
http://www.icems.eu/benevento_resolution.htm - _ftnref3#_ftnref33 International
Commission for the Electromagnetic Safety.
We, the undersigned scientists, agree to assist in the promotion of EMF research andthe development of strategies to protect public health through the wise application of
the precautionary principle.
Signed:1. Fiorella Belpoggi, European Foundation for Oncology & Environmental
Sciences, B.Ramazzini, Bologna, Italy
2. Carl F. Blackman, President, Bioelectromagnetics Society (1990-91), Raleigh,NC, USA
3. Martin Blank, Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York,USA
4. Natalia Bobkova, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region
5. Francesco Boella, National Inst. Prevention & Worker Safety, Venice, Italy
6. Zhaojin Cao, National Institute Environmental Health, Chinese Centre for
Disease Control, China
7. Sandro D’Allessandro, Physician, Mayor of Benevento, Italy, (2001-2006)

35

8. Enrico D’Emilia, National Institute for Prevention and Worker Safety,
Monteporzio, Italy
9. Emilio Del Giuduice, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Milan, Italy
10. Antonella De Ninno,Italian National Agency For Energy, Environment &Technology, Frascati, Italy
11. Alvaro A. De Salles, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Brazil
12. Livio Giuliani,East Veneto & South Triol, National Inst. Prevention & Worker
Safety, Camerino University
13. Yury Grigoryev, Institute of Biophysics; Chairman, Russian National
Committee NIERP
14. Settimo Grimaldi, Inst. Neurobiology & Molecular Medicine, National
Research, Rome, Italy
15. Lennart Hardell, Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Orebro,
Sweden16. Magda Havas, Environmental & Resource Studies, Trent University, Ontario,
Canada
17. Gerard Hyland, Warwick University, UK; International Inst. Biophysics,
Germany; EM Radiation Trust, UK
18. Olle Johansson,Experimental Dermatology Unit, Neuroscience Department,
Karolinska Institute, Sweden
19. Michael Kundi, Head, Institute Environmental Health, Medical University of
Vienna, Austria
20. Henry C. Lai, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, USA
21. Mario Ledda, Inst. Neurobiology & Molecular Medicine, National Council for
Research, Rome, Italy
22. Yi-Ping Lin, Centre of Health Risk Assessment & Policy, National Taiwan
University, Taiwan
23. Antonella Lisi, Inst. Neurobiology & Molecular Medicine, National ResearchCouncil, Rome, Italy
24. Fiorenzo Marinelli, Institute of Immunocytology, National Research Council,
Bologna, Italy
25. Elihu Richter, Head, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Hebrew
University-Hadassah, Israel3626. Emanuela Rosola, Inst. Neurobiology & Molecular Medicine, National
Research Council, Rome, Italy
27. Leif Salford, Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Lund University,
Sweden28. Nesrin Seyhan, Head, Department of Biophysics; Director, Gazi NIRP Centre,
Ankara, Turkey
29. Morando Soffritti, Scientific Director, European Foundation for Oncology &Environmental Sciences, B. Ramazzini, Bologna, Italy
30. Stanislaw Szmigielski, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,
Warsaw, Poland
31. Mikhail Zhadin, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region.

Date of Release: September 19, 2006. For more information, contact Elizabeth
Kelley, Managing Secretariat, International Commission For Electromagnetic Safety(ICEMS), Montepulciano, Italy. Email: info@icems.eu.

37Appendix B
Salzburg Resolution on Mobile
Telecommunication Base Stations
International Conference on Cell Tower Siting
Salzburg, June 7-8, 2000
www.land-sbg.gv.at/celltower
1. It is recommended that development rights for the erection and for operationof a base station should be subject to a permission procedure. The protocol
should include the following aspects:•

Information ahead and active involvement of the local public•

Inspection of alternative locations for the siting•

Protection of health and wellbeing•

Considerations on conservation of land- and townscape•Computation and measurement of exposure•

Considerations on existing sources of HF-EMF exposure•

Inspection and monitoring after installation.

1. It is recommended that a national database be set up on a governmental level
giving details of all base stations and their emissions.
2. It is recommended for existing and new base stations to exploit all technicalpossibilities to ensure exposure is as low as achievable (ALATA-principle)
and that new base stations are planned to guarantee that the exposure atplaces where people spend longer periods of time is as low as possible, but
within the strict public health guidelines.
3. Presently the assessment of biological effects of exposures from basestations in the low-dose range is difficult but indispensable for protection of
public health. There is at present evidence of no threshold for adverse healtheffects.
Recommendations of specific exposure limits are prone to considerable uncertainties
and should be considered preliminary. For the total of all high frequency irradiation alimit value of 100 mW/m² (10 µW/cm²) is recommended.

38For preventive public health protection a preliminary guideline level for the sum totalof exposures from all ELF pulse modulated high-frequency facilities such as GSM
base stations of 1 mW/m² (0.1 µW/cm²) is recommended.
Disclaimer: The Resolution represents the personal opinion of the undersigning scientist andpublic health specialist and not that of the organisation they are affiliated to.
Dr. Ekkehardt Altpeter

Inst. for Social- and Preventive Medicine,Bern, Switzerland

University of Bern
Dr. Carl Blackman

US Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, USA

Dr. Neil Cherry

Lincoln University Christchurch

Christchurch, New ZealandProf. Dr. Huai Chiang

Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Hangzhou, China

Microwave Lab
Dr. Bill P. CurryEM SciTek Consulting Co.

Glen Ellyn, Illinois, USA

Prof. Dr. Livio Giuliani1

National Institute of Occupational Safety andRome, Italy

Prevention (ISPESL)
Prof. Dr. Yuri Grigoriev

Centre of Electromagnetic Safety, Institute of

Moscow, Russia

Biophysics
Dr. Helene Irvine

Greater Glasgow Health Board, Dept. of

Glasgow, Scotland, UK

Public HealthDr. Christoph König

Federal State of Salzburg, Public Health

Salzburg, Austria

Dept., Environmental HealthProf. Dr. Michael Kundi

University of Vienna, Inst. for Environmental

Vienna, Austria

HealthRonald Macfarlane

Health Promotion and Environmental

Toronto, Canada

Protection Office, Toronto Public HealthDr. Malcolm MacGarvinmodus vivendi, Consultant for the European

Glenlivet, Scotland, UK

Environment Agency
Dr. Fiorenzo Marinelli1

Ist. di Citomorfologia C.N.R.

Bologna, Italy

Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Mosgöller

University of Vienna, Inst. for Cancer

Vienna, Austria

Research
Dr. Gerd Oberfeld

Federal State of Salzburg, Public Health

Salzburg, Austria

Dept., Environmental Health39Dr. Colin Ramsay

Scottish Centre for Infection and

Glasgow, Scotland, UK

Environmental Health (SCIEH)
MA Cindy Sage

Sage Associates

Santa Barbara, California,
USA

Dr. Louis Slesin

Microwave NewsNew York ,USA

Prof. Dr. Stan Szmigielski1

Department of Microwave Safety, Military

Warsaw, Poland

Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology

1) This preliminary guideline level of 1 mW/m² (0.1 µW/cm²) is, by theparticipants marked with a (1), understood as an operational level for one
facility (e.g. a cell tower).

40

Appendix C
Interdisziplina re Gesellschaft fur Umweltmedizin e. V.
IGUMED, Bergseestr. 57, 79713 Bad SackingenTel. 07761 913490, FAX 913491, e-mail: igumed@gmx.de
IGUMED ƒ Interdisziplina re Gesellschaft fur Umweltmedizin eV
9. October 2002

Freiburger Appeal
Out of great concern for the health of our fellow human beings do we - as establishedphysicians of all fields, especially that of environmental medicine - turn to the medical
establishment and those in public health and political domains, as well as to the
public.
We have observed, in recent years, a dramatic rise in severe and chronic diseases
among our patients, especially:•

Learning, concentration, and behavioural disorders (e.g. attention deficit
disorder, ADD)•

Extreme fluctuations in blood pressure, ever harder to influence withmedications•

Heart rhythm disorders•

Heart attacks and strokes among an increasingly younger population•

Brain-degenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's) and epilepsy•

Cancerous afflictions: leukaemia, brain tumours

Moreover, we have observed an ever-increasing occurrence of various disorders,often misdiagnosed in patients as psychosomatic:•

Headaches, migraines•

Chronic exhaustion

41

•

Inner agitation•

Sleeplessness, daytime sleepiness•

Tinnitus•

Susceptibility to infection•

Nervous and connective tissue pains, for which the usual causes do not
explain even the most conspicuous symptoms.

Since the living environment and lifestyles of our patients are familiar to us, we cansee, especially after carefully-directed inquiry, a clear temporal and spatial correlation
between the appearance of disease and exposure to pulsed high -frequency
microwave radiation (HFMR), such as:•

Installation of a mobile telephone sending station in the near vicinity•

Intensive mobile telephone use•

Installation of a digital cordless (DECT) telephone at home or in theneighbourhood

We can no longer believe this to be purely coincidence, for:Too often do we observe a marked concentration of particular illnesses in correspondingly
HFMR-polluted areas or apartments;
Too often does a long-term disease or affliction improve or disappear in a relatively shorttime after reduction or elimination of HFMR pollution in the patient's environment;
Too often are our observations confirmed by on-site measurements of HFMR of unusual
intensity.
On the basis of our daily experiences, we hold the current mobile communications
technology (introduced in 1992 and since then globally extensive) and cordless digital
telephones (DECT standard) to be among the fundamental triggers for this fatal
development.

42

One can no longer evade these pulsed microwaves. They heighten the risk of alreadypresent chemical/physical influences, stress the body's immune system, and can bring the
body's still-functioning regulatory mechanisms to a halt. Pregnant women, children,
adolescents, elderly and sick people are especially at risk.
Our therapeutic efforts to restore health are becoming increasingly less effective: theunimpeded and continuous penetration of radiation into living and working areas ,particularly bedrooms, an essential place for relaxation, regeneration and healing, causes
uninterrupted stress and prevents the patient's thorough recovery.
In the face of this disquieting development, we feel obliged to inform the public of ourobservations, especially since hearing that the German courts regard any danger frommobile telephone radiation as "purely hypothetical" (see the decisions of the constitutional
court in Carlsruhe and the administrative court in Mannheim, Spring 2002).
What we experience in the daily reality of our medical practice is anything but hypothetical!
We see the rising number of chronically sick patients also as the result of an irresponsible"safety limits policy", which fails to take the protection of the public from the short- andlong-term effects of mobile telephone radiation as its criterion for action. Instead, it submits
to the dictates of a technology already long recognised as dangerous. For us, this is the
beginning of a very serious development through which the health of many people is being
threatened.
We will no longer be made to wait upon further unreal research results - which in our
experience are often influenced by the communications industry, while evidential studies
go on being ignored. We find it to be of urgent necessity that we act now!
Above all, we are, as doctors, the advocates for our patients. In the interest of all thoseconcerned, whose basic right to life and freedom from bodily harm is currently being put atstake, we appeal to those in the spheres of politics and public health. Please support thefollowing demands with your influence:
New health-friendly communications techniques, given independent risk assessments
before their introduction and, as immediate measures and transitional steps:
Stricter safety limits and major reduction of sender output and HFMR pollution on a43

justifiable scale, especially in areas of sleep and convalescence.
A say on the part of local citizens and communities regarding the placing of antennae(which in a democracy should be taken for granted);
Education of the public, especially of mobile telephone users, regarding the health risks ofelectromagnetic fields;
Ban on mobile telephone use by small children, and restrictions on use by adolescents;
Ban on mobile telephone use and digital cordless (DECT) telephones in preschools,
schools, hospitals, nursing homes, events halls, public buildings and vehicles (as with theban on smoking);
Mobile telephone and HFMR-free zones (as with auto-free areas);
Revision of DECT standards for cordless telephones with the goal of reducing radiation
intensity and limiting actual use time, as well as avoiding the biologically critical HFMR
pulsation; andIndustry-independent research, finally with the inclusion of amply available criticalresearch results and our medical observations.

Signed:Dr. med. Thomas Allgaier General medicine, Environmental medicine, Heitersheim
Dr. med. Christine Aschermann, Neural physician, Psychotherapy, Leutkirch
Dr. med. Waltraud Bar,General medicine, Natural healing, Environmental Medicine,
WieslochDr. med. H. Bernhardt, Pediatry, Schauenburg
Dr. Karl Braun von Gladiss, General medicine, Holistic medicine, Teufen

44Hans Bruggen, Internal medicine, Respiratory medicine, Environmental medicine,
Allergenics, Deggendorf
Dr. med. Christa-Johanna Bub-Jachens, General medicine, Natural healing, Stiefenhofen
Dr. med. Arndt Dohmen, Internal medicine, Bad Sackingen
Barbara Dohmen, General medicine, Environmental medicine, Bad Sackingen
Verena Ehret, Doctor, Kotzting
Karl-Rainer Fabig, Practical doctor
Dr. med. Gerhilde Gabriel, Doctor, Munchen
Dr. med. Karl Geck, Psychotherapy, Murg
Dr. med. Jan Gerhard, Paediatrics, Child/adolescent psychiatry, Ahrensburg
Dr. med. Peter Germann, Doctor, Environmental medicine, Homeopathy, Worms
Dr. med. Gertrud Grunenthal, General medicine, Environmental medicine, Bann
Dr. med. Michael Gulich, Doctor, Schopfheim
Julia Gunter, Psychotherapy, Korbach
Dr. med. Wolfgang Haas, Internal medicine, Dreieich
Dr. med. Karl Haberstig, General medicine, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, Inner-Urberg
Prof. Dr. med. Karl Hecht, Specialist in stress-, sleep-, chrono-und space travel medicine,
BerlinDr. med. Bettina Hovels, General medicine, Lorrach

45

Walter Hofmann, Psychotherapy, Singen
Dr. med. Rolf Janzen, Paediatrics, Waldshut-Tiengen
Dr. med. Peter Jaenecke , Dentist, Ulm
Michaela Kammerer, Doctor, Murg
Dr. med. Michael Lefknecht, General medicine, Environmental medicine, Duisburg
Dr. med. Volker zur Linden, Internal medicine, Bajamar
Dr. med. Dagmar Marten, Doctor, Ochsenfurt
Dr. med. Rudolf Mraz, Psychotherapy, Natural healing, Stiefenhofen
Dr. med. Otto Pusch, Nuclear medicine, Bad WildungenDr. med. Josef Rabenbauer, Psychotherapy, Freiburg
Dr. med. Anton Radlspeck, Practical doctor, Natural healing, Aholming
Barbara Rautenberg, General medicine, Environmental medicine, Kotzting
Dr. med. Hans-Dieter Reimus, Dentist, Oldenburg
Dr. med. Ursula Reinhardt, General medicine, Bruchkobel
Dr. med. Dietrich Reinhardt, Internal medicine, Bruchkobel
Dr. med. Andreas Roche, General medicine, Kaiserslautern
Dr. med. Bernd Salfner, Paediatrics, Allergenics, Waldshut-Tiengen
Dr. med. Claus Scheingraber, Dentist, Munchen46Dr. med. Bernd Maria Schlamann, Dentist, Non-medical practitioner, Ahaus-Wessum
Dr. med. Hildegard Schuster, Psychotherapy, Lorrach
Norbert Walter, General medicine, Natural healing, Bad Sackingen
Dr. med. Rosemarie Wedig, Doctor, Psychotherapy, Homeopathy, Dusseldorf
Dr. med. Gunter Theiss, General medicine, Frankfurt
Prof. Dr. med. Otmar Wassermann, Toxicology, Schonkirchen
Prof. Dr. med. H.-J. Wilhelm, Ear, nose and throat doctor, Phoniater, Frankfurt
Dr. med. Barbara Wurschnitzer-Hunig, Dermatology, Allergenics, Environmental medicine,
KemptenDr. med. Ingo Frithjof Zurn, General medicine, Phlebology, Natural healing, Environmental
medicine, Nordrach

List of supporters for the FREIBURGER APPEAL:
Dr. med. Wolfgang Baur, General medicine, Psychotherapy, Environmental medicine,
Vienenburg
Prof. Dr. Klaus Buchner, Physicist, Munchen
Volker Hartenstein, Member of Parliament (Bavaria), Ochsenfurt
Dr. Lebrecht von Klitzing, Medicinal physicist, Stokelsdorf
Wolfgang Maes, Baubiology and Environmental analysis, Neu
Helmut Merkel, 1st Chairman of Biobiology Organisation, BonnPeter Neuhold, Non-medicinal practitioner, Berlin
Prof. Dr. Anton Schneider, Scientific leader of Institute for Baubiology and Ecology,
Neubeuern
Dr. Birgit Stocker, Chairwoman of Self-Help Organisation for Electrosensitives, Munchen

47

Prof. Dr. Alfred G. Swierk, Mainz
Dr. Ulrich Warnke, Biophysics, Biopsychology, Biomedicine, Saarbrucken
Other Appeals:
Lichtenfelser Appeal:
http://www.elektrosmognews.de/news/20050703_LichtenfelserAppell.pdf
Bamberger Appeal:

http://www.milieuziektes.nl/Rapporten/Appell_AerzteBamberg230704.pdf
Hofer Appeal:
http://www.elektrosmognews.de/news/20050605_hofer_appell.html
Helsinki Appeal:
http://www.elektrosmognews.de/news//20050226_helsinki_erstunterzeichner.html

48Appendix D
Precautionary principle
The precautionary principle is a moral and political principle which states that
if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public, in
the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burdenof proof falls on those who would advocate taking the action.
The precautionary principle is most often applied in the context of the impact
of human actions on the environment and human health, as both involve
complex systems where the consequences of actions may be unpredictable.
As applied to environmental policy, the precautionary principle stipulates thatfor practices such as the release of radiation or toxins, massive deforestation
or overpopulation, the burden of proof lies with the advocates. An importantelement of the precautionary principle is that its most meaningful applications
pertain to those that are potentially irreversible, for example where biodiversity
may be reduced. With respect to bans on substances like mercury inthermometers, freon in refrigeration, or even carbon dioxide exhaust fromautomobile engines and power plants, it implies:"... a willingness to take action in advance of scientific proof [or]evidence of the need for the proposed action on the grounds thatfurther delay will prove ultimately most costly to society and nature,and, in the longer term, selfish and unfair to future generations."
The concept includes ethical responsibilities towards maintaining the integrityof natural systems, and the fallibility of human understanding.
Some environmental commentators take a more stringent interpretation of the
precautionary principle, stating that proponents of a new potentially harmful
technology must show the new technology is without major harm before the
new technology is used. Wikipedia

49

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49
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Cherry, 2000, Probable Health effects Associated with base Stations in Communities: The Need for Health Surveys, p.1
64
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65
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Cherry, 2000, Op cit.
67
George Institute for International Health 2005: High blood pressure the culprit in 2 out of 3 heart attacks and strokes in the
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68
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51

84

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97
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98
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85

101

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103
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104

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105
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