Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030
A win-win strategy for global climate change andsustainable development of regional economy

Yao LU，Daiqing Zhao, GIEC,CAS& Yuzuru Matsuoka, Kei Gomi
Kyoto University, Japan
20 February 20101

Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status& Future work2

Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status& Future work3

Importance & Motivation•

Global warming and other environmental issues have posed severe threats
to the ecosystem and human’s survival..

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Importance & Motivation•

Chinese President Hu Jintao expounded China‘s stance on tackling climatechange and other issues at the 15th Economic Leaders’ Meeting of theAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum on 8th September, 2007.

•At the UN Climate Change Summit, President Hu stated that China “willendeavor to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy
consumption to around 15% by 2020”.

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Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?

1. Location
Guangzhou (known as “Canton” &“Kwangchow” )- is the capital of Guangdong
province in the southern part of China. It is aport on the Pearl River, navigable to the South
China Sea, and is located about 120km (75miles)
northwest of Hong Kong
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Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?
Administrative divisions
It has direct jurisdiction over 10 districts,
2 county-level cities
Guangzhou's urban land area is thethird largest in China, behind only
Beijing and Shanghai.

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Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?
2. Population(2000 census), the city has an urban area population of roughly 11.85
million. It is the most populous city in Guangdong province, and the third
most populous metropolitan area in China

source:”List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population”. From Wikipedia

8Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?
3. Economy
Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta, one ofmainland China’s leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2008,
the GDP reached ¥821.58 billion (US $118 billion), per capita was ¥81,233(US $11,696), ranking 7th among the other 659 Chinese cities.

GDP per capita in 2008

source:” List of cities in the People's Republic of China by GDP per capita ”. From Wikipedia

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Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?
4. Environment

Emissions from motor vehicles
have become one of the major
sources of pollution in Guangzhou

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Importance & Motivation-Why Guangzhou?
4. Environment

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Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status & Future Work
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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Primary Energy Consumption Structure

Source: <<Eleventh Five-Year Energy Plan-Guangzhou>>-- Guangzhou Government

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
End Use Energy Consumption Structure

Source: <<Eleventh Five-Year Energy Plan-Guangzhou>>-- Guangzhou Government

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
GDP Share

1978

2005

Source: Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Comparison of GDP Share

1978

2005

Source: Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Energy Consumption per unit GDP
0.82
0.8

tce/10,000 RMB GDP

0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.7
0.68
0.66

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

Source: Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Energy Consumption per unit of GDP(2005)

Source: <<Eleventh Five-Year Energy Plan-Guangzhou>>-- Guangzhou Government

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Energy Consumption of Guangzhou- 2005
unit

2005

2010(estimated)annual average growth rate%

Coal

10000tons

2591.43500

6.2

Petroleum products

10000tons

1370

1800

5.6

Gas

10000tons

101.6

210

15.7

Electricity

0.1 billion
kwh

425.67710

11Total energy
consumption

10000tce

4029.35900

8Annual energy
consumption per capita

tce

5.4

7.3

6.2

Annual elctricity
consumption per capita

kwh57218852

9.1

Annual natual gas
consumption per capita

kg

132260

14.5

Energy Consumption perunit of GDP tce/10000RMBtce

0.78

0.62

-4.4

item

Source: <<Eleventh Five-Year Energy Plan-Guangzhou>>-- Guangzhou Government

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
Energy Consumption per capita - 2007

Guangzhou

4.5 tceNational

2.38 tce

Source: Guangzhou Government. http://www.gz.gov.cn/vfs/content/newcontent.jsp?contentId=698423&catId=4109

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Energy Status & CO2 emissions
CO2 Emissions of Guangzhou-2005(rough calculation)

TOTAL

CO2 Emissions(million tons of CO2)

CO2 Emissions(million tons of Carbon)

112.3830.62

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Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status & Future Work22

Initiatives towards a low carbon society
1. Comfortable and green environment
2003-2008:Promoted “blue-sky” projects and “clear water” projectsfirst phase. Spent 40 billion RMB, and completed Green Land of 131 km2,
rural forest zone, etc. In 2008, Guangzhou’s forest green rate reached44.4%, forest coverage rate reached 38.2%, public green area of 13.01 m2
per capita. by 2015, the overall eco-system environment in Guangzhou is
to reach first-class in the nation, the first step to a garden-like city.

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
2. Energy Saving& Emissions Reducing, Optimization ofIndustry Structure
2005: Guangzhou municipal government set the “eleven-five year’splan” targeted at realizing energy saving of 20% during 2006-2010.
Annual energy saving rate of 4%.

2008: Guangzhou municipal government commenced monitoring morethan 100 enterprises (their annual overall energy consumption is morethan 10000 tce ), and signed the “eleventh five-year” letters of
responsibility for energy-saving targets with 113 key enterprises.

2009:Guangzhou municipal government set counter measures on
adjusting the industry structure and started to make development plansfor industries, aiming to achieve an energy-saving structure.

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
3. Utilization of new and renewable energy
2009: Guangzhou municipal government information office held the press
conference on “New and Renewable Energy Development Plan(2008-2020)of Guangzhou” . It is stated that the city’s overall goal is to gradually
increase the proportion of new and renewable energy in the energy
structure. By 2020, new and renewable energy will share 15% of the totalenergy consumption of Guangzhou.
10 key demonstration projects will be completed by 2020.
1. Rural area new energy project
2. Municipal solid waste treatment project
3. Green electricity project
4. New energy technology R&D
5. Green public transportation project …………
……..etc.
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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
4. Low carbon Buildings
2009 : Guangzhou City Municipal Party Committee General Office issued the"Action Directive on Building Guangzhou into a Garden-Like City (2009–2015)".
By 2010, Guangzhou is to be built into a harmonious and beautiful "Green
Asian Games City" “Asian Game City” will greatly utilize renewable energy andthe total energy saving rate of the green buildings of Asian game city will be50%.

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
5. Low Carbon Zone
2010 : (January) at the eighth plenary session of
the ninth CPC Guangzhou Municipal Committee,
it was announced that Guangzhou will strive tobuild a low-carbon city. “Guangzhou will givehigh priority to the research and development of
low-carbon technologies and the accumulationof such technologies, endeavor to grow the lowcarbon economy, promote low-carbon lifestyles
and eco-friendly consumption of materials, andstep up the efforts to build an industrial systemand consumption model that will ensure lowcarbon emissions”.

27Initiatives towards a low carbon society
6. Recommendations from experts through forums
2009：a Low Carbon Economy Forum of Guangdong, which was supported byGIEC and WWF, was held in Guangzhou. Nearly 300 experts from home andabroad attended this forum. Important recommendations were made in many
fields, such as industrial development, urban construction, transportation, and soon, to promote the low carbon economy development of Pearl River Delta Region.

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
7. Low carbon transportation• 6759 buses and 16700 taxis use LPG.
• Waterway transportation energy consumption per unit reduced from 5.17
tce/10000 tons of throughput (in 2000) to 3.51 tce/10000 tons of throughput(in 2007): reduction rate: 32.1%.
• Optimization of transportation organization management.
• Implementation of the transformation of the facilities at transportation
stations (energy saving lamp bulbs, using natural lights, air conditioner etc.
•The nation’s first “eco-station”- Haizhu Terminal was built (vehicle
exhaust collection and treatment systems, clean air purification system,
sewage treatment and recycling system, natural ventilation, solar water
heater etc).

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
7. Low carbon transportation•BRT (Bus Rapid Transit)

首个实现BRT站台和地铁站直接物理连接的BRT系统；
世界上最长的BRT站台；按照设计规范，BRT站台拥有世界上最大的上客量，某些站点每小时将有
超过4000人乘车。

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
8. Low carbon lifestyle & Public awareness2008 and 2009：Guangzhou took part in World Car-free Day
by advocating private car owners not to drive, and to limit theusage of the governmental cars. Citizens could rent a bike in a
day for free .

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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
8. Low carbon life style & Public awarenessHundreds ofUniversity students
participated in theenvironmental
protection activities
in order to convey
to young people theimportance ofenergy-saving andenvironmental
protection. Theirslogan is “LowCarbon Today,
Green WorldTomorrow”
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Initiatives towards a low carbon society
8. Low carbon life style & Public awareness33

Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status & Future Work34

Low carbon scenario research
Cooperation between：
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS &Kyoto University
Started:mid December 2009
Framework:
Title：Guangzhou Low Carbon Society Scenario 2030
Targeted area：Guangzhou
Base year：2005
Targeted year：2030
Target gas: CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustions
Low Carbon Target: ???
Tools: ExSS Tool & BCT

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Low Carbon Research
Objectives：

First phase (by mid 2010):
to complete a report (booklet) on the quantitative analysis of low carbon
scenarios by 2030 of Guangzhou and to obtain further enhanced
support from the city government in order to carry out more detailed
and comprehensive research work.

Second phase: establishment of roadmap to LCS 2030, cost-effectanalysis，ensure the policy innovation， makes the research findings
to contribute to the transition of Guangzhou towards a low-carbonsociety.

36Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030-narrative Research Status & Future Work37

Low Carbon Scenario-2030
Low carbon scenario-2030 (narrative)：
1. Transportation： undergrounds railways, BRT are the main measures to solve
Guangzhou’s transportation issues, compact-city planning, transportation
demand planning, electric cars, new energy vehicles（new energy bus & taxi arelargely integrated into the city public transportation system, new energy powered
vehicles are largely used as private cars.) will largely been utilized.
2. Industry： Guangzhou has been chosen as one of the “National five centralcities”. The function of Guangzhou will change dramatically in the future. Retailand service, finances, logistics will share a large proportion in the structure.
optimized industry structure.
3. Energy：low carbon electricity，enhance the utilization of renewable energy（by 2020，renewable energy will share 15% of the total energy consumption,
6.6 million tce/ year. SO2 recution: 180,000 tons. CO2 reduction: 20 million tons)
Nuclear power, smart grid… 2030： ？
4. Lifestyle：Energy saving buildings (by 2020, 40% or more new buildings will
implement renewable energy technologies）、green-life style、construction ofcarbon sink system。

38Content
The importance & motivation of building Guangzhou

into a low carbon society Current energy status and CO2 emissions ofGuangzhou

 Guangzhou’s initiatives towards a low carbon society Research objectives & contents
 Guangzhou Low Carbon Society 2030
 Research Status & Future Work
39

Research Status& Future Work
Completed:
Collection and processing of base-year data

Future work:
Calibration for the base year
Determine low carbon targets and measures (simultaneously, constantly andfrequently communicate with government and industries, to integrate
Guangzhou’s socio-economy development into our study.)
Setting future socio-economic assumptions and BaU case estimation
Estimation of snapshots with LC measures.
Complete a summary report (by June 2010) which has great positive
influence and is crucial to the Guangzhou’s LCS development.

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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