JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

JCM Project Design Document Form for REDD-plus
A. Project description
A.1. Title of the JCM project
Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary - Stung Treng REDD+ project
A.2. General description of the proposed project
The Royal Government of Cambodia’s Sub-decree No. 74 established the Prey Lang Wildlife
Sanctuary (PLWS) in 2016. Prey Lang is situated on the western bank of the Mekong River innorth-central Cambodia, provides habitats for numerous rare and threatened plant and animal
species, and is a major watershed that feeds the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap Lake, which
are crucial to the fisheries of local households and to the national economy and food security. It
is 431,683 hectares and stretches over four Provinces: Kratie, Kampong Thom, Stung Treng andPreah Vihear.
PLWS is currently under threat from accelerating rates of forest loss. Most of the forest loss isfrom conversion of forest to agricultural land, while unsustainable resource extraction (including
hunting, logging, and firewood collection) is degrading the integrity of the forest. Currently,
most agricultural land is converted by small-holders, but poor governance could allow for future
threats from large-scale agriculture development. Threats to the forest are currently driven bymulti-dimensional poverty, population growth, weak law enforcement and governance, insecureland tenure, and limited understanding of the value of biodiversity and environmental services.
The project aims to reduce deforestation in the PLWS portion within Stung Treng Province;
this will subsequently be expanded throughout the entire PLWS in a next phase which is beyond
the scope of this document.
The project will implement effective law enforcement to secure forest resources and guard
against forest loss. At the same time, it will develop sustainable livelihoods of communities inand around PLWS Stung Treng so that communities can move away from economic activities
resulting in deforestation.
A.3. Project location
Country

Kingdom of Cambodia

Region, province, district,

Siem Bouk and Thala Barivat districts, Stung Treng
Provincevillages, etc.
Geographical coordinates

The project area is majority of forest area in Prey Lang
Wildlife Sanctuary portion within Stung Treng province
and the activity area comprises of the communes Siem
Bouk, Anlong Chrey Anlong Phe and Kang Cham; these
are located within latitude N13.108 to N13.752 andlongitude E105.540 to E105.897
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A.4. Project area and activity area
Project area
Map

Total size

86,738 ha

Fulfillmentof forest
definition

The project accepts the forest definition adopted in Cambodia’s initial Forest
Reference Level (National FRL) submitted to the UNFCCC and defined in the
Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines for Developing Proposed Methodology
for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and theRole of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancementof Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD-plus). Under the
National FRL, forests are defined as follows:
Forest under the REDD+ programme refers to a unit of an ecosystem inthe form of wetland and dry land covered by natural or planted vegetation
with a height from 5 meters on an area of at least 0.5 hectares, and canopy
crown cover of more than 10%.
Areas also included in the REDD+ programme are forest regrowth and2

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areas under afforestation or reforestation. Rubber, oil palm plantations andperennial crops are excluded from this definition.
Forest typeandconditions

The PLWS portion within Stung Treng is mostly evergreen and semievergreen lowland tropical forest, with a few areas of deciduous dipterocarp
forest. The entire landscape has experienced decades of selective logging withmost of the high-value luxury species (e.g. Afzelia xylocarpa) extirpated.
There is now significant logging pressure on the lower value species such as
Dipterocarpus sp. and Hopea sp. Due to easy access throughout the forest,
people are extremely active everywhere gathering firewood, hunting, logging,fishing and collecting non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as wild foods
and medicines. Since 2014, the annual deforestation rate has been increasing1,
with much of this area converted to agriculture. While there is a solid core ofcontiguous evergreen forest, areas near human settlements have become apatchwork of farmland and increasingly degraded forest fragments.

Environment
al conditions

Climate
The climate is warm tropical, with an average monthly temperature ranging
from 24.7 °C in December and 29.8 °C in April; average annual temperatureof 27.8 °C; average monthly rainfall ranging from almost 0.0 mm in January
to 309.4 mm in September; and average annual rainfall of 1,822 mm (WorldBank Climate Change Knowledge Portal2).
Geology
The greater Prey Lang region in northern Kampong Thom is formed primarily
by an ancient riverbed that is tens of millions of years old (McDonald, 2004).
Due to the currents of two river systems, the Mekong and Sen rivers, the region
is covered by a random patchwork of varyingly sandy soils. Some areas ofPrey Lang are covered with pure, silicaceous sands, while others are composedof sandy loams or sandy clay deposits (McDonald, 20043). Environmental andSocial Impact Assessment (ESIA) reports of local logging companies, basedon soil surveys conducted by Crocker (19624 ) indicate that the region as awhole is comprised approximately of 20% acid lithosols, 10% of recent

Globalforestwatch.org; accessed August 2021.
https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/
3
McDonald J. A., 2004. Ecological Survey in Prey Long, Kampong Thom. A Proposal for theConservation of Indochina’s last Undisturbed lowland Forest
4
Crocker C.D., 1062. The general soil map of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the exploratory
survey of the soils of Cambodia. Joint publication. Phnom Penh (Cambodia): Royal Cambodian
Government Soil Commission/USAiD
1
2

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alluvium, 60 % red-yellow podzols, with most of these substrates exhibiting
relatively low water retention capacity and high degrees of leaching(McDonald, 2004). Legris & Blasco (19725) note that the region is suitable for
producing an abundance of economically important, fast-growing trees (i.e.,various dipterocarps, sralaos, legumes and ebonies).
Hydrology
The PLWS lies within three watersheds: Stung Sen, Stung Chinit and Siem
Bok. It traverses the hydrological divide between the Tonle Sap and Mekong
Basins and is a significant watershed, regulating water and sediment flow to
the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap Lake.
Vegetation
Most of the forest cover is composed by evergreen, deciduous dipterocarp andsemi-evergreen forest; but mixed deciduous forest, mixed pine broadleaf
forest, evergreen swamp forest, riparian forest and open grasslands are also
found. The total botanical record for Prey Lang accounts for 530 species offlora, which eleven species are listed on the IUCN Red List as threatened
species.
Biodiversity
The project area constitutes approximately 25% of Prey Lang Wildlife
Sanctuary, one of the largest areas of lowland wet evergreen forest in
Cambodia and forms part of the Indo-Burma Hotspot: one of the world’s 34
biodiversity hotspots (Mittermeier, et al., 2004).
Conservation International, in cooperation with the Forestry Administrationof Cambodia, undertook biodiversity surveys of Prey Lang between June 2014
and February 20156. A total of 266 species of birds were recorded during thesurvey, representing approximately 44% of the total bird species known in
Cambodia. A total of 60 mammal species were identified by either direct
observation, specimens, or by camera trap. Twenty-four of these species werebats. Eighteen (18) Key Species, which are species judged to be Globally
Endangered, Globally Critically Endangered, Globally Vulnerable, Globally

Legris, P. & Blasco, F. (1972) Carte internationale du tapis Végétal a 1/1,000,000, Cambodge.
Notice explicative. Inst. Fr. Pondichéry, Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn. Hors série No. 11.
6
Hayes, B., Khou, E.H., Thy, N., Furey, N., Sophea, C., Holden, J., Seiha, H., Sarith, P.,
Pengly, L. and Simpson, V. (2015) Biodiversity assessment of Prey Lang
5

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Near-Threatened or Data Deficient following the definitions of the IUCN,
were confirmed for Prey Lang, the most significant of which are Pileated
Gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), Banteng (Bos javanicus) and the Asian Elephant(Elephas maximus). A total of 67 species of herpetofauna, comprising 22
amphibians (arranged by five families and 14 genera), and 45 reptiles(arranged by 14 families and 35 genera) have been recorded here.
In total, Prey Lang supports important populations of 55 species under the
IUCN RED List of Threatened Species.
Rights of use
for theproject

In 2016, the Royal Government of Cambodia’s Sub-decree No. 74 establishedPrey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary. Under Cambodia’s Land Law of 2001, theentire Wildlife Sanctuary is considered State Public Property, thus the rights tothe carbon are held by the government and are managed by the Ministry ofEnvironment (one of the project participants). The Community Protected
Areas within the project area is also considered State Public Property. The
governance and management of PLWS falls under Cambodia’s Protected
Areas Law (2008). Resource use and access are dictated by the managementzones of the protected area (PLWS has yet to be zoned).
Article 11 of the Protected Areas Law:
Each protected area shall be divided into four (4) management zoning systems
as the following:
1.

Core zone: management area(s) of high conservation values containing
threatened and critically endangered species, and fragile ecosystems.
Access to the zone is prohibited except the Nature Conservation andProtection Administration's officials and researchers who, with priorpermission from the Ministry of Environment, conduct nature andscientific studies for the purpose of preservation and protection of
biological resources and natural environment with the exception ofnational security and defense sectors.

2.

Conservation zone: management area(s) of high conservation values
containing natural resources, ecosystems, watershed areas, and naturallandscape located adjacent to the core zone.
Access to the zone is allowed only with prior consent of the Nature
Conservation and Protection Administration at the area with the exceptionof national security and defense sectors.

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Small-scale community uses of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to
support local ethnic minorities' livelihood may be allowed under strict
control, provided that they do not present serious adverse impacts on
biodiversity within the zone.
3.

Sustainable use zone: management area(s) of high economic values fornational economic development and management, and conservation of theprotected area(s) itself thus contributing to the local community, andindigenous ethnic minorities’ livelihood improvement.
After consulting with relevant ministries and institutions, local
authorities, and local communities in accordance with relevant laws andprocedures, the Royal Government of Cambodia may permit development
and investment activities in this zone in accordance with the request from
the Ministry of Environment.

4.

Community zone: management area(s) for socio-economic developmentof the local communities and indigenous ethnic minorities and may
contain existing residential lands, paddy field and field garden or swidden(Chamkar). Issuing land title or permission to use land in this zone shallhave prior agreement from the Ministry of Environment in accordancewith the Land Law.

Activity area
Activity area

According to the

Joint Crediting Mechanism Guidelines forDeveloping

Proposed Methodology for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation, and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management ofForests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries(REDD-plus), the activity area is the area where project activities are
implemented to reduce net emissions in the project area and to reduce the riskof the displacement of emissions to other areas, and therefore comprises of thecommunes (administrative unit comprised of villages) Siem Bouk, Anlong
Chrey Anlong Phe and Kang Cham where local villages which are expected toreceive livelihood support during the project period are located.
Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary (PLWS) is yet to be zoned due to funding
constraints of the government. Therefore, carbon finance is required to do thezoning work, so we need to proceed with the project without official zoning.
The potential community zone needs to be defined because land titles will be6JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

provided to the local communities according to the Protected Area Law andLand Law. The potential core area, conservation zones and community
protected areas (CPA) are qualified as REDD+ project areas based on the 2018
national forest cover map and satellite imagery as well as biodiversity
monitoring data. To define the community areas, the team used village
locations set by the Ministry of Land Management Urban Planning andConstruction (MLMUPC), agricultural land identified by 2018 land covermaps, roads, rivers and community protected area boundaries set by MoE. The
draft project area was submitted to the government for their input and approval.

A.5. Project participants
Project participants
Country

Project participants7

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Kingdom of Cambodia
Japan

Ministry of Environment, Cambodia
Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

Project implementation structure
Project participants-

Ministry of Environment, Cambodia (MoE): law enforcement in collaboration with Stung
Treng Provincial Department of Environment (PDOE), conducting activities related to the
Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) registration of the project with Mitsui & Co., Ltd. andConservation International.

-

Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (Mitsui): providing financial support for implementing the project,conducting activities related to the JCM registration of the project with MoE andConservation International.

Project partners-

Stung Treng Provincial Department of Environment (PDoE): law enforcement andprotected area management.

-

Conservation International (CI): overall project management, providing support to MoE
and PDoE on law enforcement such as technical assistance, review of patrol plans, andmonitoring and reporting of patrol activities, leading technical activities related to the JCM
registration of the project, livelihood development in the villages in the project activity area
in partnership with local NGOs.

-

Sansom Mlup Prey (a local NGO): working with stakeholders to improve agricultural
production and create high value market linkages to conservation compliance and to
implement best practice for land use planning and zoning.

-

Local communities: participating in livelihood development and forest conservation.

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Law enforcement
Ministry of Environment

Provincial Department of Environment

Technical support on law enforcement
Tri-party
Agreement
for the project

Conservation International
Overall project management
JCM REDD+ technical works

Sub-contract
Local NGOs

Livelihood development

Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

Financial support

Local villages
Forest conservation

A.6. Duration
Starting date of project

12/Mar/2018

operation
Expected operational

13 years

lifetime of project
A.7. Description of drivers of deforestation and/or forest degradation and project activities
Drivers ofConservation International lead four workshops following the Open

deforestation

Standards for the Practice of Conservation to identify the drivers andand/or forest

enabling factors of deforestation and degradation and develop mitigation

degradation

strategies. The four consultative workshops (one in 2011 and three in 2019)
involved experts and stakeholders from NGOs, local community
representatives, and government representatives. The inputs andconclusions from these workshops were based on spatial analysis, fieldobservations and assessments, government data, previous socio-economic
surveys (2016, 2018) and other relevant reports.
The most significant threat to forests was identified as deforestation for
agriculture. This is largely due to small-holder community expansion as
well as outside interests establishing plantations and farms. Illegal logging
although quite pervasive, has less of an impact on forest loss as it is highly
selective for valuable timber species that have a scattered distribution
throughout the forest. Collection of wood for firewood and charcoal
degrades the forest but is localized closer to community areas. Underlying
causes and contributing factors were identified as: poverty, lack of

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livelihood options, lack of technical knowledge, in-migration, market
demand, lack of access to education, population increase, corruption, lackof land tenure, land speculation, poor governance and weak law
enforcement.
Project activities

Objective 1: Effective law enforcement to secure forest resources and stop
forest loss.
Activities include:-

Continuous equipping of and support to (including regular training)rangers to patrol PLWS Stung Treng-

Monitor ranger patrols through Spatial Monitoring and Reporting
Tool (SMART)-

Regular forest change monitoring to identify deforestation hotspots
for law enforcement-

Work with MoE/PDoE on protected area (PA) demarcation, zonation,and management plan development

Main project actors: PDoE, MoE and CI
Objective 2: Improve the livelihoods of communities in activity area
through the development of sustainable livelihoods.
Activities include:-

Participatory community land-use planning and management-

Support farmers to improve yield of rice and to certify rice as wildlife
friendly and organic in the existing rice fields without expansion of
the rice fields, enroll them in the IBIS Rice program. IBIS Rice hasreceived certification from the Wildlife Friendly Enterprise Network
as well as organic certification to EU and United States Departmentof Agriculture standards. Research suggested that farmers involved in
the program made significant revenues and that the project reduced
deforestation significantly (Clements and Milner Gulland, 20157)-

Development of additional sustainable livelihoods within thestakeholder communities will be supported once carbon credits areissued, and additional funding becomes available. Additional
livelihood interventions will be identified through consultations with

Clements, T. and Milner-Gulland, E.J. 2015, Impact of payments for environmental services
and protected areas on local livelihoods and forest conservation in northern Cambodia.
Conservation Biology, 29, 78-87.
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JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

communities and additional field and market assessments. The
overarching approach will be to work with local communities todefine these activities and to ensure that anything agriculture related
will be under a framework of conservation compliance. To satisfy theeligibility criterion 4 of the applied methodology, any activity that
may lead to GHG emissions, except for the use of fuel and fertilizer
including N-fixing crops, will not be added.
Main actors: stakeholder communities, IBIS Rice Co., Samsom Mlup Prey,
additional partners TBD, and CI.
A.8. Contribution from Japan
The project is implemented by financial support from a Japanese company, Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

B. Application of the approved methodology(ies)B.1. Methodology(ies) applied to the proposed JCM project
JCM_KH_AM004
Approved methodology No.
ver01.1

Version number
Approved methodology No.
Version number
Approved methodology No.
Version number

B.2. Explanation of how the project meets eligibility criteria of the approved methodology(ies)
Eligibility Descriptions
criteria

Explanation of compliance with criterion

specified in themethodology

Criterion

The

project

isto The project aims to reduce forest loss through effective

1

reduce deforestation

law enforcement and improvement of the livelihoods ofand forest degradation

communities in and around PLWS Stung Treng.

throughproject

activities

includingforestmanagement

andcommunity

livelihood11

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development.
Criterion

Cambodia’s

2

forestofficial Cambodia’s official forest reference level (National FRL)
reference

was submitted to UNFCCC in 2017 and the technical(emission) level has assessment by UNFCCC was completed in 2018. The
beensubmitted

to National FRL and the report of the technical assessment

UNFCCC, completed are publicly available on the UNFCCC’s web site
technical assessment (https://redd.unfccc.int/submissions.html?country=khm).
by UNFCCC, and ispublicly available.
Criterion

Cambodia’s

official CI received Cambodia’s official forest map of 2018,3

forest map for the which uses the Landsat images available on the period of
project start year or November 2017 to April 2018, by Ministry ofless than or equal to Environment, Cambodia for implementation of the
two

years

availableoldfor

is project.
theproject participant.
Criterion

Project activities do The project activities which are described in A.7 do not4

not include activities include any activity that may lead to GHG emissions,which lead to GHG except for the use of fuel and fertilizer including N-fixing
emissions within the crops.
project area and the
project activity area,
except for the use of
fuel

or

fertilizer

including

N-fixing

crops.

C. Calculation of emission reductions
C.1. Identification of all carbon pools and GHG sources relevant to the JCM project
Carbon pools and GHG sources

Included /listed in the applied methodology

excluded

Justification of inclusion or exclusion(Y/N)
Project reference level
Carbon

Above

pools

biomass

ground Y

Required by the methodology

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Below

ground Y

Required by the methodology

biomass
Dead woodN

Not required by the methodology

LitterN

Not required by the methodology

Soil organic carbonN

Not required by the methodology

GHG
sources
Project net emissions
Carbon

Above

pools

biomassBelowground Y

Required by the methodology

ground Y

Required by the methodology

biomass
Dead woodN

Not required by the methodology

LitterN

Not required by the methodology

Soil organic carbonN

Not required by the methodology

GHG

CO2 emissions from Y

Emissions are anticipated from use of fuelsources

combustion of fossil

for patrolling and for community supports

fuels

by motorbikes.
Y

The project plans to use organic fertilizer
which is made from organic materials
sourced from within the project andactivity areas and N-fixing crops as green
manure. According to the methodology,

N2O

and

CO2

organic fertilizer which is made from

fromorganic materials sourced from inside thefertilizer application

project area and the activity area are NOT

emissionsaccounted because the emissions fromthose organic materials occur in the areas
regardless of the implementation of the
project activities. This source is included
because of utilization of N-fixing crops.
C.2. Establishment of project reference level
Reference area and period13

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Map

The reference region follows limits observed in the Forest Emission Reference
Level submitted and reviewed by UNFCCC.
Total size

18,160,674 ha

Justification

According to the methodology, the reference area is the same as the National
FRL and therefore is the total of Cambodia’s land area.

PeriodAccording to the methodology, the reference period is the same as the National
FRL and therefore is 2006-2014.

Approach, procedure and data to establish the project reference level
Approach

In this section, Equation numberings correspond to those described in the14

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andmethodology.

procedure

To determine the area of forest class i in the project area at the start of the
project, Ai 0, the most recent version of Cambodia’s official forest map (2018),
provided by the Cambodian government, was used. To quantify and accountfor the uncertainty of Cambodia’s official forest map in the project area, aconfusion matrix accuracy assessment was performed for the forest map of2018 using (1) reference points received from MoE and (2) new reference
points collected by Conservation International technical staff using visualinterpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, facilitated by the Collect
Earth software platform. Reference points from MoE follow the 6 km National
Forest Inventory grid with supplementary gridded points at shorter intervals toincrease sample density in areas of change. The additional reference points
collected by Conservation International used a stratified random sampling
approach. This additional reference data was collected to ensure sufficient
sample density within the project area. Following FAO guidance (Finegold Y.
& Ortmann A. 2016), the validation data was used to calculate error-adjusted
area estimates for each forest class (Olofsson et al. 2014). Table B shows Ai 0
after error adjustment based on the accuracy assessment.
Based on consultation with MoE, Cambodia, Option 1 provided in themethodology, which uses the National FRL transition probabilities from forest
to non-forest class only, was selected. Option 1 captures only deforestation andexcludes degradation from calculation of the project reference level.
Area of land use category i in the project area in year y, Ai y, was calculatedusing annual deforestation rate for each forest class, Pi, area of land use
category in i in the project area in the previous year, Ai y-1, and in case of the
1st year, the proportion of the number of operating days, dy, to that total daysin one year, d0 y. The project started on March 12th 2018, and therefore, dy was
295 days d0 y was 365 days. Equation 4 and Equation 5 were applied for the 1styear and for the subsequent years, respectively. Table C shows Pi, which isoriginally from the National FRL submitted in 2017 and is shown in themethodology as Table 4.
Projected carbon stock change in the project area in year y, ∆CSref y, wascalculated using Equation 2 for the 1st year or Equation 3 for the subsequent
years. As required in the methodology, emission factors were calculated byapplying carbon stock data used in the National FRL submitted in 2017 andshown in Table 2 of the methodology, i.e., Table D below.
Then, the project reference level in year y, RLy, was calculated with Equation

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1.
Data

Forest classes and their definitions used in the National FRL, submitted in2017, are applied in this project, and Table A shows forest classes existing in
the project area or the displacement belt.
Table A. Description of forest classes
Forest class, i

Description

Evergreen forest Areas covered by trees maintaining their leaves during
the whole year.
Semi-evergreen

Containvariable

percentagesofevergreen

andforestdeciduous trees.

Deciduous

Comprised of dry mixed deciduous forest and dry

forestDipterocarp forests.

BambooAreas dominated by bamboo.

Forest regrowth

Areas of naturally regenerated forest where there areclearly visible indication of activities such as selective
logging, areas regenerating following agricultural landuse, areas recovering from human induced fire, etc.
-

Include forest where it is not possible to distinguishwhether planted or naturally regeneration.

-

Include forests with mix of naturally regenerated
trees and planted/seeded trees, and where thenaturally regenerated trees are expected toconstitute more than 50 percent of the growing
stock at stand maturity.

-

Include abandoned forest land and bare land which
will regrow into forest within ten years.

Table B. Area of forest class i in the project area at the project start, Ai 0
Forest class, iAbbreviation

Ai 0, haEvergreen forestE57,850Semi-evergreen forest

SE

16,819Deciduous forest

D

8,638

BambooB

1,014

Forest regrowth

FR

2,418

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Table C. Annual deforestation rate applicable to forest class i in the referencearea, Pi, calculated based on the data used in the National FRL submitted in
2017
Forest class, iAbbreviation

Pi, dimentionlessEvergreen forest

E

0.0249Semi-evergreen forest

SE

0.0309Deciduous forest

D

0.0345

BambooB

0.0141

Forest regrowthFR

0.0972

Table D. Emission factors, EFi, based on the National FRL submitted in 2017
Forest class, iAbbreviation

EFi, tCha-1

Evergreen forest

E

91.30

Semi-evergreen forestSE

135.11

Deciduous forest

D

48.21

BambooB

0

Forest regrowth

FR

42.65

RelationshipThe methodology requires the application of EFs and deforestation rates usedwith nationalin the National FRL for the establishment of a project reference level, andor sub-therefore those parameters above listed are from the National FRL submitted

national

in 2017.

referencelevelsC.3. Estimation of project net emissions
Estimation of project net emissions (excluding displaced emissions)
Project net emissions in year y, PEy, consists of: (1) Carbon stock change in the project area inyear y, ∆CSpj y, (2) CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in year y due to the project
activities, Efuel y, (3) GHG emissions from fertilizer application within the activity area as a partof the project activities in year y, Efertilizer y, and (4) Displaced emissions in year y, DEy.
The process of ex post estimation of (1), (2) and (3) are described below and please refer
Annex 1 for ex ante estimation:(1)

Carbon stock change in the project area in year y (∆CSpj y)Area converted from forest class i to non-forest in the project area in year y, CApj i y, will be17

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determined using Cambodia’s official forest maps provided by the government. If the monitoring
interval is more than one year, the yearly average will be calculated and used. Accuracy
assessment will be performed on the maps, and the results of the accuracy assessment will
determine the error-adjusted area estimates for each forest class in the project area. However,
the error adjustment will not be performed, if the government of Cambodia decides to require a
project to use Cambodia’s official forest map as it is.
Option 1, which uses the National FRL transition probabilities from forest to non-forest class
only, will be applied for the calculation of the project net emissions, and ∆CSpj y will becalculated using Equation 11 and the same emission factors used for the establishment of the
project reference level, i.e., Table D. Because of this methodological approach, although forest
degradation will be reduced through the project activities, any emission reduction from reducing
degradation will not be accounted.

(2)

CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in year y (Efuel y)

Use of motorbikes for patrolling and for community supports is the only source of CO2
Emissions from fossil fuel combustion due to project activities. The purchase receipts of fuelwill be collected to calculate volume of fuel consumed annually, and volume will be converted
to weight, FCj y, by applying the highest density of motor gasoline allowed under JapaneseIndustrial Standard8, i.e., 0.783 g/cm3.
Efuel y will be estimated using Equation 14 and default values for net calorific value of motor
gasoline, NCVf, and CO2 emission factor for motor gasoline combusted, EFfuel f, provided by themethodology; NCVmotor gasoline and EFfuel motor gasoline are 0.0443 GJ/kg and 0.0693 tCO2/GJ,
respectively.

(3)

GHG emissions from fertilizer application within the activity area as a part of the project
activities in year y (Efertilizer y)

As a part of livelihood development, the project plans to use organic fertilizer which is madefrom organic materials sourced from within the project and activity areas and N-fixing crops as
green manure for improving crop yield. According to the methodology, organic fertilizer which
is made from organic materials sourced from inside the project area and the activity area are
NOT accounted because the emissions from those organic materials occur in the areas regardlessof the implementation of the project activities. The project will monitor emissions fromutilization of N-fixing crops.
8

https://www.jisc.go.jp/app/jis/general/GnrJISUseWordSearchList?toGnrJISStandardDetailList
18

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Harvested annual dry matter yield for N-fixing crop T, introduced during implementation of
the project activities in cropland type c in the activity area in year y, Cropc T y will be determined
once a year by applying either direct measurement or published data for each of N-fixing crops.
-

Direct measurement: 10% of farmers who introduce the N-fixing crop will be selected, dry
yield of the N-fixing crop will be measured, and average dry yield will be calculated, or-Published data: published average dry yield data for the N-fixing crop (e.g., FAOSTAT) canbe used.
Ratio of above- and below-ground residues to harvested yield for N-fixing crop T, RAG T and

RBG T, respectively, will be calculated based on Cropc T y and equation and parameters in Table
11.2 of Ch. 11, Vol, 4 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The same Table 11.2 also provides N content ofabove- and below-ground residues for N-fixing crop T, NAG T and NBG T, and crop type specificdata will be selected for each of N-fixing crops.
For each of N-fixing crops, the project will record total annual area harvested of N-fixing cropT, introduced during the implementation of the project activities in cropland type c in the activity
area in year y, Areac T y, and total area under N-fixing crop T that is renewed annually, FracRenewT.
If the N-fixing crop T is renewed every X year, FracRenew T is calculated as 1/X. In case that the
N-fixing crop is renewed multiple times a year, Area c T y is recorded as the sum of each ofrenewed areas. E.g., if Y ha is renewed twice a year, Areac T y is calculated as the product of Y
and 2. In this example, FracRenew T is 1.
Mass of nitrogen in crop residues (above-ground and below-ground) in N-fixing crops,
introduced for implementation of the project activities in cropland type c in the project area andthe activity area and returned to soils, in year y, FCR c y, will be calculated by applying Cropc T y,
Areac T y, FracRenew T, RAG T, RBG T, NAG T and NBG T to Equation 20.
Direct and Indirect N2O emissions as a result of nitrogen application within the project area
and the activity area for implementation of the project activities in year y, Edirect-N y and Eindirect-Ny, will be calculated by applying F CR c y to Equations 17 and 21, respectively. Table E summarizes

default values provided by the methodology and used in Equations 17 and 21.
Table E. Default values used in Equations 15 and 19.
Parameter

Description of data

SourceEFdirect-N c

Emission factor for N2O emissions from N inputs in Table 11.1 of Ch. 11
cropland type c; tN2O-N (tN-input)-1-

Cropland in general: 0.01 tN2O-N (tN-input)-1-

Rice paddy (flooded rice field): 0.003 tN2O-N(tN-input)-119

Vol. 4 of 2006 IPCC
Guidelines

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

EFindirect-N

Emission factor for N2O emissions from atmospheric Table 11.3 of Ch. 11
deposition of N on soils and water surfaces; tN2O-N (t Vol. 4 of 2006 IPCC
NH3-N and NOX-N volatilized)-1-

EFleach-N

0.010 t N2O-N (t NH3-N and NOX-N volatilized)

Emission factor for N2O emissions from N leaching Table 11.3 of Ch. 11
and runoff; tN2O-N (t leaching and runoff)-1-

GWPN2O

Guidelines

0.0075 tN2O-N (t N leaching and runoff)-1

Global Warming Potential for N2O; tCO2 (tN2O)-1-

GWP100 for N2O: 298 tCO2 (tN2O)-1

Vol. 4 of 2006 IPCC
Guidelines
Table 2.14 in Ch.2
of Working Group I
contribution to the
IPCC

Forth

Assessment Report
Fracleach

Fraction of N that area lost through leaching and Table 11.3 of Ch. 11
runoff; dimensionless, 0-1

Vol. 4 of 2006 IPCC-

Guidelines

0.30

Estimation of displaced emissions
Reasons for

Calculation of displacement of emissions is required in the methodology, andincluding /therefore displacement of emission is monitored and included.

excludingdisplacedemissionsWays and

Displaced emissions will be estimated through the following three steps:

means to

Step 1: Estimate reference emissions in the displacement belt,

estimate

Step 2: Estimate project emissions in the displacement belt, andemissions

Step 3: Calculate displaced emissions to the displacement belt.

displacement
Option 1, which uses the National FRL transition probabilities from forest to
non-forest class only, was applied for Step 1 and will be applied for Step 2.
Step 1: Estimation of reference emissions in the displacement belt in year y(DRy)
To determine the area of forest class i in the displacement belt in the project
start, Ad i 0, the most recent version of Cambodia’s official forestry map (2018),

20

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

provided by the Cambodian government was used. To quantify and accountfor the uncertainty of Cambodia’s official forest map in the project area, aconfusion matrix accuracy assessment was performed for the forest map of2018 using (1) reference points received from MoE and (2) new reference
points collected by Conservation International technical staff using visualinterpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, facilitated by the Collect
Earth software platform. Reference points from MoE follow the 6 km National
Forest Inventory grid with supplementary gridded points at shorter intervals toincrease sample density in areas of change. The additional reference points
collected by Conservation International used a stratified random sampling
approach. This additional reference data was collected to ensure sufficient
sample density within the displacement belt. Following FAO guidance(Finegold Y. & Ortmann A. 2016), the validation data was used to calculate
error-adjusted area estimates for each forest class (Olofsson et al. 2014). Table
F shows Ad i 0 after error adjustment based on the accuracy assessment.
Table F. Area of forest class i in the displacement belt in the project start, Ad i 0
Forest class, i

Ad i 0Evergreen forest

6,241

Semi-evergreen forest

5,161

Deciduous forest

4,396

Bamboo184

Forest regrowth

621

Total

16,603

In estimating reference emissions in the displacement belt, the project appliedtransition probabilities at the national level to the displacement belt.
Table E. Pd i
Forest class, i

Pd i, dimentionlessEvergreen forest

0.0249Semi-evergreen forest

0.0309Deciduous forest

0.0345

Bamboo0.0141

Forest regrowth

0.097221

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Area of land use category i, Ad i y, is assumed to decrease every year due todeforestation, and was calculated using Equation 32 for the 1st year andEquation 33 for the subsequent years. The project started on March 12th 2018,
therefore, the number of operating days, dy, was 295 days and the number of
total days, d0 y, was 365 days.
Projected carbon stock change in the displacement belt in year y, ∆CSd y, wascalculated using Equation 30 and the same emission factors used forestablishing the project reference level (Table D).
DRy was calculated using Equation 28 and the results are summarized inTable F.
Table F. ∆CSd y and DRy∆CSd y, tC

Year

DRy, tCO2

2018

36,870.5

135,191.8

201944,389.7

162,762.3

2020

42,918.6

157,368.4

2021

41,507.1

152,192.8

2022

40,151.8

147,223.4

2023

38,849.7

142,449.0

2024

37,598.0

137,859.3

2025

36,394.0

133,444.5

2026

35,235.2

129,195.8

2027

34,119.5

125,104.8

2028

33,044.6

121,163.7

2029

32,008.7

117,365.4

Total

453,087.6

1,661,321.3

Step 2: Estimation of project emissions in the displacement belt, DP y
Area converted from forest class i to non-forest in the displacement belt in year
y, CAd pj i y, will be determined using Cambodia’s official forest maps provided
by the government. If the monitoring interval is more than one year, the yearly
average will be calculated and used. Accuracy assessment will be performedon the maps, and the results of the accuracy assessment will determine theerror-adjusted area estimates for each forest class in the displacement belt.
However, the error adjustment will not be performed, if the government of
Cambodia decides to require a project to use Cambodia’s official forest map

22

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

as it is.
Actual carbon stock change in the displacement belt in year y (∆CS d pj y) will
be calculated with Equation 34 and the same emission factors used for theestablishment of the project reference level (Table C).
DPy will be calculated using Equation 29.
Step 3: Calculate displaced emissions to the displacement belt.
Displacement emissions will be calculated using Equation 27.
Total size of

16,567 ha (forest area)

displacement
belt
Map of thedisplacement
belt

Explanation

The most significant driver of deforestation in the project area is agriculture.

for setting

The project will implement activities to reduce the risk of deforestation in andthearound the project area, but conversion could be displaced from the projectboundaries of

area.

23

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

theThe displacement belt includes all of the Stung Treng portion of the PLWS

displacementthat is not included within the project area. This area is readily accessible bybelt

the communities in and around the project area. Forest area outside of the
PLWS boundary is not under MoE jurisdiction and most this forest is subject
to legal removal per management of the Forestry Administration, within
Economic Land Concessions, or under private title. The exception is a few
Community Forest (CF) areas, also under Forestry Administration jurisdiction,that are co-managed with adjacent communities. The Forestry Administration
has signaled their intent to register these CF areas as a grouped REDD+ projectas an expansion of their Tumring CF REDD+ project located on the southwest
corner of PLWS in the Kampong Thom province. As such, CF areas are notsuitable for displacement monitoring. The only other large contiguous blockof forest is located within the concession granted to a private company. Prior
to the start of the project, the majority of forest area outside of PLWS andwithin Stung Treng Province has already been converted to agriculture. The
remaining small forest fragments are under extreme pressure of conversion
irrespective of project activities.
Forest area within PLWS but outside of Stung Treng will be included withina second phase of carbon development and therefore not suitable to be included
within a displacement belt.
All remaining forest outside of the project area but within the Stung Treng
portion of PLWS falls within area designated as future community zone area
once the zonation process for PLWS has been completed.
The size of the displacement belt is based on the entirety of suitable forest
inside PLWS and outside the project area and therefore has the maximum area
possible within these criteria.

C.4. Discount factor for the risk of reversals
Applied discount factor (%)

20%

Approach for setting the discount factor

Default value set by the methodology

C.5. Ex ante estimation of emission reductions
Year Estimated Project
Estimated Project
Reference Level
Net Emissions(tCO2e)(tCO2e)A
B

24

Estimated
Emission
Reductions(tCO2e)
C=A–B

Estimated Emission
Reductions to be
Credited (tCO2e)
D = C * (1-Discountfactor)

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

670,101.5

164,154.5

505,947.0

404,7572019

808,618.4

552,964.1

255,654.3

204,523

2020

784,037.8

486,790.0

297,247.8

237,798

2021

760,370.7

427,572.9

332,797.8

266,2382022

737,569.2

374,569.6

362,999.6

290,3992023

715,588.9

327,190.4

388,398.5

310,718

2024

694,388.7

284,822.3

409,566.4

327,6532025

673,930.3

204,734.8

469,195.5

375,3562026

654,178.0

141,364.2

512,813.8

410,2512027

635,098.6

91,359.7

543,738.9

434,991

2028

616,661.3
598,837.1

59,601.3
47,697.6

557,060.0
551,139.5

445,647
440,9112029
2030

4,149,242

Total (tCO2e)

D. Environmental impact assessment
Legal requirement of environmental impactNoassessment for the proposed project

E. Local stakeholder consultation
E.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders
CI received a grant from USAID’s Supporting Forests and Biodiversity Project from 2015 to2016 and worked with 9 villages (Spong, Toal, Kaes, Doung, Kang Kngaok, Kampong Pang,
Tonsaong, Siem Bouk, Ou Lang) in Stung Treng portion of PLWS supporting the conductionof community patrols for protection of resin trees and developing livelihood. During that
period, CI team built relationships with these communities and their local authorities. They
were regularly consulted about their concerns during this period.
In 2018, shortly after the JCM project was started, assessment for livelihood planning was
conducted in the same 9 villages to understand up-to-date situation in the villages to develop25

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

intervention plans under the project. The report of the assessment is available for a validator
upon a request.
On March 15th, 2018, an inception workshop of the project was held at Department ofEnvironment of Stung Treng Province. The workshop was attended by officials from relevant
departments in Stung Treng Province, and the participants were divided into four groups todiscuss law enforcement, eco-tourism, non-timber forest product and agroforestry.
The REDD+ project was presented to government and community representatives from thefour provinces covering PLWS (Kratie, Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear, and Stung Treng) in
February 2019. No specific comments were made during this workshop. In May 2019,representatives from project communities in Stung Treng were brought to the REDD+ projectin Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary in Mondulkiri Province. The goal was to give thecommunities a better understanding of REDD+ and the impact that REDD+ can have in thecommunity.
From 12th October to 7th November 2021 consultations were held to solicit public commenton the project in the nine villages (Dung, Kesh, Toal, Siembok, Kang Cham, Kang Kagnouk,
Alung Phe, Phave, and Spong) impacted and engaged by the project primarily. The objectiveof the consultation meetings was to update the communities on the project progress, explain
the upcoming validation and verification process, explain the Grievance Redress Mechanism,and gather feedback and comments from the community members and other stakeholders.
Locked boxes were placed in every village to provide a place to deposit comments andgrievances. The boxes were checked at the end of the public input period (6th November 2021).
Communities engaged:
Stung Treng Province
Thala Baravat District
Anlong Chrey Commune
Anlong Chrey Village
Anlong Phe Commune
Anlong Phe Village, Phave Village, Spong Village, Toal Village, Prey Sloak Village,
Krabey Mouy Village
Kang Cham Commune
Doung Village, Kes Village, Kampong Pang Village, Kang Cham Village, Kang
Kngaok Village
Siem Bouk District
Siem Bouk Commune
Siem Bouk Village, Tonsaong Village, Ou Lang Village26

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

E.2. Summary and consideration of comments received
Stakeholders

Comments received

Consideration of comments
received

Community(CF)

Forest CF

representatives Samaki and Prey Tamoa arecommittee expressed support his project during outside the project area andrepresentatives-

committee

Samakiregular ongoing engagements and outside the jurisdiction of the
CF(Oulang,

meetings. They are committed to PDOE as they are under theprotecting the forests in the CF. management of the Forestry
They

Siembok,

welcomeany

support Administration.

including support from rangers.

Tonsaong

law enforcement support forthese areas may not bevillages)-

feasible for the project.

Prey

Tamoa

CF

(Kang

Toal Community Protected
Area is within the project area

Kangoak,
Kompong

Pang

Kang

Cham

and will be incorporated into
law enforcement and patrol
activity.

villages)-

Therefore

Supportforcommunity

Ouchay CF now

patrols may be considered asToal Community

part of community support if

Protected

Areawidely considered a priority(Toal, Prey Sloek,

within the community during

Krabyfurther consultations and if

Mouy

villages)shown to be an effective
mechanism for preserving theforest.

Resin liquid collectors Resin collection is a major source of Direct involvement of these(mostly

from cash generation for most of the people in forest protection

Kompong

Pang, villagers particularly those who live throughDoung,

Kes,

Spong villages)

resin

and in the forest. Losing resin trees establishment

and/orgroup
joinwhich was seen to happen in nearby park ranger patrols when andcommunities like ones in Kampong where possible.
Thom and Preah Vihear, and resin
tree owners had suffered loss of
incomesourceandturnedasloggers. So, forest protection is fully
supported by those who depend on27

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

resin collection for livelihoods. Thiswascommunicatednumerous

times during several engagementswith the communities.
Representativefrom Suggested livelihood interventions Agriculture

the nine villages during are:the

livelihood -assessments(May -

selected

aslivelihood

Agricultural techniques

support

was

the

main

intervention

Sustainable bee harvest and needed by the communities,

2018 – February 2019)

market linkage

this

will

the

target[DoungVeterinaryintervention

todevelopfemales), Kes 29 (14 -Rice production

during the project as we

females),Kang -

Saving groupdevelop livelihood work and(1 -Rice bankthe benefit sharing.

48

(25 -

Kangoak

13

female),Kompong -Pang 20 (9 females),Skill training for youth andveterinary

Olang 14 (2 females),
Seim

Bouk

11

(3

females),

Toal

13,

Tonsoang

14(6females), Spoung 10 (4females)]
Representatives from Summary of comments
villages

from

Oct/Nov 2021 and comment box

Siembok (26 people/9 Requested to have clear boundary Boundary
females)

betweencommunity

areas

demarcationisand important but requires final

PLWS, especially requested to have zonation to be in place. We
demarcation. They are willing to will work with MoE tojoinpatroltoprotect

natural support the zonation process

resources and requested to havethat they are leading. Whensupport from NGO to purchase complete,patrol equipment.

given

fundingavailability, we will workwith these communities todemark the boundaries of theprotected area zones.
The project is working toestablish an effective way that
communities can join in joint28

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

patrol efforts in PLWS. Patrol
equipment

for community

patrols of community areas
will be considered if thebroader

community

determines it is a priority
duringestablishmentofbenefit sharing.
Kang

Cham

people/5 females)(14 Requested to have clear boundary Same as above.
betweencommunity

areas

and

PLWS, especially requested to havedemarcation. They are willing tojoinpatroltoprotect

naturalresources and requested to havesupport from NGO to purchasepatrol equipment.
AnlungPhe(16 No comments

people/4 females)
Phave

(10

females)

people/3 Requested rangers from DoE join The project team is working
patrol with CPAs and requested closely with PDOE ranger,
financial support to conduct patrols management and the CPA
as well as patrol equipment.

community to provide morepatrol support in this CPA.
Patrolequipment

community

patrolsforofcommunity areas will beconsidered if the broader
community determines it is apriority during establishment
of benefit sharing. Financial
supportforcommunity

patrols is currently being
supplied, and can continue
under the benefit sharing if
determined to be an effective
tool to protect forests.
Toal

(13

people/2 No comments29

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

females)Kes(13females)

people/8 - Requested

to

have

more - Consultations

andmeetings/explanation/awareness,outreach meetings with theas communities are confusedcommunities

will

betweenregularly

conducted

sellingcarbonandselling the actual forest. The

beduring this project.

community is interested to join - The project is working toactivities to protect forests.

establish an effective way- If project support livelihoodthat communities can joindevelopment, they are interested
in cow banks.

- Joint- Requested to have signboard
around the boundary of PLWS.
- GRM

in

shouldincludedetailinformation, phone number

patrolefforts

in

banks

will

be

PLWS.
- Cow

considered for community
livelihood support through- They want to request rangers andthe benefit sharing.

CI to help them to stop the illegal - See above comment on
activities in their village, inparticular:- Home-madeboundary demarcation.
- GRM outreach materials

guns

that

are

available in the village- Villagers using illegal fishinggear

have been supplied with
telephone number, e-mail,anddetailofoverall

process.

- Illegal wood being transported at - CI will continue to worknight.

with the ranger team toaddress

these

law

enforcement issues.
Dung

(26

females)

people/9 - They want to know more about - Consultations
process of selling carbon credits.
- If the project supports livelihood
development,allparticipants

andoutreach meetings with thecommunities

will

be

regularly

conducted

requested to have water systems

during this project, thesein the village, as their village has

will include additional andwater shortages.

refresher information on- Put up box and have a phone

REDD+.

number so it is easy to call file - The GRM box has been set
complaints and comments

30

up in this village. The

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0- Communities have old farms

GRM has a telephone

inside PLWS, unclear whether

number which has been

they can use their old farms.

supplied- Can they use tractors for clearing

materials.

old farms in PLWSin

- Furtheroutreachcommunity

meetings

andoutreachhunting and illegal logging of

with

PDOE

and

resin trees.

community members will

- Lots of long-tailed macaques- Request CI to support young

occur to help clarify land-

people to participate in patrol

use

activities

concerns

insidePLWS-STR

province, to protect resin trees
and forests.

questions
withinandtheprotected area.
- CI will continue to work

- Ibis rice is a good project, market

with

the

is available, but would like tomanagement

have this project as a long-term.

to- Villagers are happy with CI

rangeraddress

and
team

these

law

enforcement issues.

supports, and brought them to - The project is working tounderstand the benefit of theestablish an effective way

forests.

that communities can join

- Water shortage is an issue, so if
the project can support irrigationor small- scale water supplies.
- Law

enforcement

is

weak

in joint patrol efforts in
PLWS.
- Ibis Rice is intended to bea long-term project.

currently, so if the project can - Water is understood to be a
improve law enforcement would

critical issue and this sort

be good. Especially crackdownof infrastructure work will

illegal transport wood at night.

be considered for support

Rangers should not get money

given adequate funding

from loggers.

from benefit sharing.

- Request
infrastructure,small-scale - SeebridgeacrossO’Siem Bok and road.

about

above

comments

demarcation

andzonation.

- Divide lands between forest
protection

areas

and

communities.
Kang

Kagnouk(19 - Local communities requested to - Consultations

31

and

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

people/4 females)

conduct more of this type ofoutreach meetings with theawareness directly, it is easy tocommunities

will

understand.

regularly

conducted- Resin trees were logged, but notbeduring this project.

sure who to report to. Requested - The GRM has a contact
to have a box and phone number

phone number and box set

so that communities can callup in the village. But

directly to report.

contact information for the
PDOE law enforcement
team will also be provided
to communities, as well asteam contacts to help
facilitate communication
andreportingoflaw

enforcement issues.
Spong (26 people/10 - Communities
females)requested

to - The CPA creation processestablish CPA in their village so

is usually quite onerous,that they can use resources andbut if the community as aprotect those resources.

whole considers this to be- Providemonthly

communities.

salarytoa high priority during
subsequent consultations,then this is something the
project team can help
support.
- There will likely not beenough financial resources
available

toprovidemonthly salary support tothe entire community.

F. References
Clements, T. and Milner-Gulland, E.J. 2015, Impact of payments for environmental services andprotected areas on local livelihoods and forest conservation in northern Cambodia. Conservation
Biology, 29, 78-87.
Crocker C.D., 1062. The general soil map of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the exploratory
survey of the soils of Cambodia. Joint publication. Phnom Penh (Cambodia): Royal Cambodian32

JCM_KH_F_PDD_REDD+_ver01.0

Government Soil Commission/USAID
Finegold Y. & Ortmann A. (2016) Map Accuracy Assessment and Area Estimation: A Practical
Guide. FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/i5601e/i5601e.pdf
Hayes, B., Khou, E.H., Thy, N., Furey, N., Sophea, C., Holden, J., Seiha, H., Sarith, P., Pengly,
L. and Simpson, V. (2015) Biodiversity assessment of Prey Lang.
Legris, P. & Blasco, F. (1972) Carte internationale du tapis Végétal a 1/1,000,000, Cambodge.
Notice explicative. Inst. Fr. Pondichéry, Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn. Hors série No. 11
McDonald J. A., 2004. Ecological Survey in Prey Long, Kampong Thom. A Proposal for theConservation of Indochina’s last Undisturbed lowland Forest
Olofsson P, et al (2014) Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of landchange. Remote Sensing of Environment, 148, 42-57
World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/

Annex
Annex 1: Ex ante estimation of the project net emissions

Revision history of PDD
Version

Date

Contents revised

ver01.0

29/09/2021

Initial version

ver02.0

23/08/2022

Revised based on the findings from the validation.

ver03.0

19/12/2022

Revised based on the findings from the validation

Ver04.0

10/1/2023

Revised based on the findings from the validation

09/06/2023

Initial registration by the Joint Committee through electronic
decision33