Appendix 1

Additional information to the Proposed Methodology“Installation of Run-of-river Small Hydropower Generation Plant”
It is concluded to apply the emission factor of 0.533 tCO2/MWh for electricity displaced by a smallhydropower plant in Kenya to achieve net emission reductions.

1. Background
Emission reductions are typically calculated by multiplying the amount of gird electricity displaced by theemission factor of the electricity. In order to secure net emission reductions, the emission factors ofelectricity generated in Kenya were studied.

2. Findings and Rationale
2.1. Standardized grid emission factors of Kenya
The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), which is the Designated National Authority(DNA) of Kenya, published a report on the standardized grid emission factor in 2014. The emission factors
presented were calculated using the “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system, Version04.0”. The lowest value presented in the report is 0.5793 tCO2/MWh, which is the build margin calculated
at that time.

2.2. Status of power sources in Kenya
Table 1 shows the electricity generation by energy source in the Kenyan national grid. Approximately 99%of the electricity generated by non- low-cost/must-run power plants was sourced from diesel in 2013
(NEMA 2014). Diesel power plants constituted approximately 93% of the effective installed capacity ofnon- low-cost/must-run power plants in Kenya in 2015 (KPLC 2015).

1

Table 1 Annual electricity generation by energy source in Kenya (GWh)
2012/20132013/20142014/2015

5981.9(74.9%)

6025.6(69.3%)

7419.7(81.3%)

Hydropower

4298.0(53.8%)

3944.0(45.4%)

3309.0(36.2%)

Geothermal

1599.0(20.0%)

2007.0(23.1%)

4059.0(44.5%)

Biomass71.0(0.9%)

57.0(0.7%)

14.0(0.2%)

Wind

13.9(0.2%)

17.6(0.2%)

37.7(0.4%)

2007.0(25.1%)

2667.8(30.7%)

1710.7(18.7%)

1980.0(24.8%)

2626.8(30.2%)

1706.7(18.7%)

27.0(0.3%)

41.0(0.5%)

4.0(0.0%)

Low-Cost Must Run

Other Sources
Diesel (AGO or HFO)
Gas (Kerosene)

Total
7988.9 (100.0%)
8693.4 (100.0%)
Note: The percentage figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
Source: KPLC 2015

9130.4 (100.0%)

2.3. Emission factor of diesel power plants
The emission factor of the most efficient diesel power generation is found to be 0.533 tCO2/MWh in theadditional information for the approved JCM methodology PW_AM001 “Displacement of Grid andCaptive Genset Electricity by a Small-scale Solar PV System”. According to that additional information,
the most efficient diesel power generator in the world has a generation efficiency close to 49%. A power
generation efficiency of 49% translates into an emission factor of 0.533 tCO2/MWh. This value is lower

than any of the emission factors calculated in the report on the standardized grid emission factor(NEMA 2014).
3. Conclusion
From the foregoing discussions, it can be concluded that by applying the emission factor of 0.533
tCO2/MWh, which is smaller than the emission factor of the most efficient diesel power generator in theworld, for electricity displaced by a small hydropower plant, net emission reductions are achieved.

References
NEMA 2014, Grid Emission Factor, Republic of Kenya, Report on the Determination of the StandardisedBaseline
KPLC 2015, Annual Report and Financial Statements2