DEPLOYMENT GUIDEDISTRIBUTE, MANAGE & CONTROL VIDEO AND
AUDIO SIGNALS OVER AN IP NETWORKKramerAV.com

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CONTENTS
Network Configuration

3Star			3Tree			

4Daisy Chain

5

PoE

6

PoE Standard

6

Trunk Port Definition

7

Trunk Uplink

7

Trunk Downlink

8

Network Multicast Functionality

9

Network Design Considerations

10

Network Switch Configuration Supporting AV over IP

12

Setting up a Switch for KDS-6 Streaming Deployment

13

Enabling Layer 3 on the Switch

13

Enabling Jumbo Frames

14

Enabling IGMP Snooping

14

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NETWORK CONFIGURATION
A network configuration defines how the various network components are arranged. For
our purposes, this refers to the various devices that KDS is connected to and how thosedevices are connected to each other.
Although there are many types of network configurations, KDS is almost always
connected to one of the following two types: star or tree. Each of these topologies has
its own distinct advantages and disadvantages, which we’ll briefly discuss here.

STARLANA star network is a network configuration in which all devices are connected to acommon central switch. This configuration, using a fully non-blocking switch, enables allconnected devices to communicate with each other in any combination.
Advantages: Relatively simple installation, ability to remove devices without disrupting
the system, fast detection of network faults, can accommodate large installations byusing large modular switch frames.
Disadvantages: All devices are disconnected if the central switch fails.

Figure 1: Star Network Using a Non-blocking Switch

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TREEA tree network is a configuration of two or more star networks that are part of a coreswitching infrastructure.
The tree network enables a failure to occur in one part of the connected star networks
without widely affecting the other star networks in turn. The network designer
accomplishes this by configuring the core network with more than one switch for thepurposes of redundancy and scalability.
Advantages: Larger capacity and scale.
Disadvantage: Bandwidth management for the lower branches.

Figure 2: Tree Topology Using Switches on a Core Network

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DAISY CHAIN
While not a type of network configuration per se, daisy chaining is a deployment
methodology, supported by KDS devices, that is appropriate only for specificdeployment applications such as video walls where all displays receive the same video
source as the first KDS device in the chain.
Daisy chaining is used for video wall applications and any application where displays areviewed in close proximity to each other and which share the same source.

Figure 3: Simple Cascading Switch Networking

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POE
PoE (Power over Ethernet) is a feature that enables an Ethernet switch to convey bothdata and electrical power to a network device through a single cable. PoE reduces thenumber of wires that are used in the network installation. The advantages of PoE overstandard network wiring are lower cost, less downtime, easier maintenance, and greater
installation flexibility.
A PoE system consists of the following two components:¤¤Power Source Equipment (PSE) – a device such as a PoE Ethernet switch thatprovides and manages the power supply to a Powered Device.
¤¤Powered Device (PD) – a device that receives power provided from a PSE. For
example, wireless access points or a TX/RX. Electric modules that receive powerfrom a PSE are called PD modules.

POE STANDARD
The PoE Standard exists in the following two versions:¤¤¤¤

IEEE 802.3af – supplies up to 15.4 W of DC power at the PSE. Only 12.95 W isassured to be available at the PD.
IEEE 802.3at – (also known as PoE+ or PoE plus) provides up to 32 W of DC power atthe PSE. Only 25.5W is assured to be available at the PD.

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TRUNK PORT DEFINITION
Trunk ports on a switch are used to connect to other switches. Note that multiple
physical ports can be bonded to create a higher bandwidth trunk link. Trunk links arealways full duplex

TRUNK UPLINK
The trunk uplink bandwidth utilization is the sum of all traffic flowing from the origin
switch to the switch connected to the link.
When computing trunk uplink bandwidth utilization, take into account that any multicast
sources (encoders) connected to the origin switch must send all their data to the master
IGMP querier/multicast router. If another switch is the master IGMP (Internet GroupManagement Protocol) querier/multicast router, then the multicast traffic must flow tothat switch.

0180bps

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E

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N60M
1,0Figure 4: Mulitcast Mode – Uplink Calculation

WWW.KR AME R AV.CO M/DE PLO YME N T G U ID E I 7TRUNK DOWNLINKThe trunk downlink bandwidth utilization is the sum of all traffic flowing to the origin
switch from the other switch connected to the link.
When computing trunk downlink bandwidth utilization, it is best practice to assume
worst-case by accounting for the maximum amount of multicast traffic possible, comingfrom another switch.

0180bps

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0M

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61,00540

NETWORK MULTICAST FUNCTIONALITYKDS networks rely on multicast functionality to send and receive video, IGMP
multicast in the Ethernet. The goal is to ensure that the flow of traffic is capable ofany permutation of one encoder to many decoders, and vice-versa without adversely
affecting or being affected by other network devices.
Generally, the first step in enabling multicast is using a VLAN to segregate KDS traffic. AVLAN maintains KDS traffic on the KDS network, preventing traffic from flowing to andfrom other network segments, which interferes with operation of both the KDS networkand the other network segments. However, within that segment all ports can still beflooded by IGMP traffic whether or not that traffic was intended to be sent or received
by a network device at any given point in time. This results in network operationinterference and can even be maliciously implemented as a denial-of-service attack on anetwork.
To ensure that only traffic between intended multicast senders and multicast receivers
appears at a given port, a switch feature called IGMP snooping must be enabled.
Snooping only allows multicast traffic between ports of intended senders and receivers.
To communicate to the switch where route limiting will be specifically implemented in
the network for multicast traffic, you must enable a network switch that assesses andmaps the network for multicast nodes in the KDS network. This switch is called an IGMP
querier. Usually, a single switch is selected by address to act as the IGMP querier, but
the switch with the lowest numerical IP address on the network will typically be thedefault when multiple switches are configured as queriers. The default leave time for thequerier (typically around 125s) is usually sufficient for a KDS network, unless there areother specific requirements that a network designer must account for.

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NETWORK DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Along with an understanding of the main network implications of the KDS design, review
and apply the following network design best practices:¤¤Use non-blocking Layer 3 managed switches with sufficient bandwidth at eachsegment, from edge to core, to accommodate a non-blocking architecture for KDS
¤¤¤¤

¤¤
¤¤

¤¤

¤¤

Select an appropriate network configuration. Consider all network requirements,including basic functionality and redundancy, and whether video walls or repetitive
display signage are required. Make sure to involve current network IT staff andexperienced network architects in these decisions.
Enable an IGMP querier on at least one switch in the KDS network. The IGMP
querier ensures that all switches know which multicast transmitters and receivers
are connected to which switches in the network. Enabling an IGMP querier onmultiple switches causes the switch with the lowest value of IP source address totake precedence and act as the querier.
Ensure VLANs are correctly implemented.
Enable IGMP multicast snooping on all switches in the KDS network. This isrequired for all designs to enable multicast delivery to multiple endpoints. Switches
without IGMP snooping enabled that receive a multicast stream will transmit thatstream to all ports simultaneously, immediately saturating all network links.
Use daisy chaining to connect video wall endpoints or repetitive display signage.
In the case of video walls or endpoints that receive the same source from a single
transmitter to feed multiple identical displays or in a video wall using a single
source, it is simpler and less expensive to daisy chain the network from device todevice.
Point-to-point mode – each encoder is directly connected to a receiver and the only
requirements are that each end-point has a unique ip address and is broadcasting
to and “listening” to the same multicast or unicast address

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Point-to-multipoint (daisy chain) – the first decoder in the chain is connected
directly to the encoder and every other decoder is connected to another decoder inthe chain. Each device needs a unique IP address and each decoder must “listen” tothe multicast address of the encoder.
Point-to-multipoint using a Switch (“star” topology) – offers some redundancy, inthat if any decoder should fail, the decoders connected to that decoder are notaffected as they would be in the daisy-chain method.
Any time you use a switch for the KDS-6, the absolute minimum requirement is thatthe switch support jumbo framing, i.e. a layer 2 MTU > 9000 bytes.
Multipoint-to-multipoint – the most complex environment and, more often thannot, the most typical application. For this to be successful the network switch
being used should support jumbo framing, IGMP-snooping and have built in IGMPquerying.
If you are using more than 2 encoders across multiple switches the switches should
support at least 10Gbit links between switches.
If the encoder will be used in a non-dedicated network other than Jumbo framing– IGMP snooping and querying are imperative in order for the bandwidth intensive
streams to not affect network performance.

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NETWORK SWITCH CONFIGURATIONSUPPORTING AV OVER IPFEATURESINGLECASCADE NETWORKINGSWITCHNETWORKINGCORE
EXTENDED SWITCHSWITCH

Jumbo Frames

frame size to9216

frame sizeto 9216

frame size to 9216

IGMP Snooping

EnableEnableEnableMulticast forwarding or filtering

EnableEnableEnableIP address of IGMP Querier

Must beassigned avalid value

Must beassigned avalid value

N/A

IGMP Querier

EnableEnable

N/A

IGMP snooping fast leave

EnableDisableEnableDynamic multicast router port

DisableDisableEnableForwarding unknown multicast

DisableDisableRouter port onlyindicates thatextended Ethernet
switches must forward
unknown multicast

Green or energy-saving feature

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SETTING UP A SWITCH FOR KDS-6
STREAMING DEPLOYMENTPerform the following procedures in the order that they appear to set up a Switch forKDS-6 Streaming Deployment. The following uses Cisco SG300 as an example, butsimilar procedures can be applied to any L2/L3 managed switch.

ENABLING LAYER 3 ON THE SWITCH
Setting the switch to Layer 3 mode resets the switch to factory default.
To enable Layer 3 on the switch:
On the left pane, click Administration > System Settings.
1.
The System Settings page appears.

2.

Under System Mode, select L3.
Layer 3 mode is enabled on the switch.

FOR YOUR REFERENCE, THE DEFAULT SETTINGS ARE:¤¤IP Address: 192.168.1.254¤¤Username: cisco¤¤

Password: cisco
WWW.KR AME R AV.CO M/DE PLO YMEN T G U ID E I 1 3ENABLING JUMBO FRAMES
Enabling jumbo frame support is a prerequisite for streaming with KDS-6.
To enable Jumbo Frames:
1.
On the left pane, click Port Management > Port Settings.
The Port Settings page appears.

2.
3.

Under Jumbo Frames, select the Enable checkbox.
Click Apply.
Jumbo frames support is enabled.

ENABLING IGMP SNOOPING
The following steps are required to enable IGMP snooping:¤¤Setting Bridge Multicast Filter Status¤¤Setting IGMP Snooping Status¤¤Setting Additional IGMP Snooping Settings
yy

Mrouter Ports Auto Learnyy

Immediate Leaveyy

IGMP Querier StatusyyIGMP Querier Election

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SETTING BRIDGE MULTICAST FILTER STATUS
To set bridge multicast filter status:
1.
Select Multicast > Properties.
The Properties page appears

2.
3.
4.

Under Bridge Multicast Filter Status select the Enable checkbox.
Confirm that your settings match the ones in the image above.
Click Apply.

SETTING IGMP SNOOPING STATUS
To set the IGMP Snooping status:
1.
Select Multicast > IPV4 Multicast Configuration > IGMP Snooping.
The IGMP Snooping page appears

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2.
3.
4.

Click the Enable checkboxes under IGMP Snooping Status and under IGMPQuerier Status.
Make sure that your settings match the image above.
Click Apply.

SETTING ADDITIONAL IGMP SNOOPING SETTINGS
To set additional IGMP Snooping settings:

1.
2.

On the IGMP Snooping page, in the IGMP Snooping Table, select the radio
button in line one.
Click Edit.
The Edit IGMP Snooping Settings window appears.

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3.

4.

Make sure your settings match the image above for the following:¤¤ Mrouter Ports Auto Learn¤¤Immediate Leave¤¤IGMP Querier Status¤¤IGMP Querier Election

Click Apply.

MAKING CHANGES TO POE
MOST SWITCHES SUPPORT POE BY DEFAULT. IF YOUR SWITCH SUPPORTS POE, SKIP THIS STEP. OTHERWISE,FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS BELOW.

To make changes to the PoE default setting:Select Port Management > PoE > Settings.
1.
The IGMP Snooping page appears.

WWW.KR AME R AV.CO M/DE PLO YMEN T G U ID E I 1 72.	In the PoE Setting Table, select the line to be edited and click Edit.
The System PoE Interface page appears.

3.

Under PoE Administrative Status, select or clear the Enable checkbox toenable/disable PoE on the selected port.
THIS CHECKBOX CAN ALSO BE USED THIS TO POWER CYCLE A DECODER OR ENCODER REMOTELY IF REQUIRED.

APPLYING AND SAVING CHANGES
To apply and save changes to the startup configuration:1.
Select Administration > Copy/Save Configuration.
The Copy/Save Configuration page appears.

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2.
3.

Click Copy/Save Configuration.
Click Apply.

REBOOTING THE SWITCH
Rebooting the switch loads the new start-up configuration that you saved.
To reboot the switch:
1.
Select Administration > File Management > Reboot.
The Reboot page appears.

2.

Click Reboot.
DISCONNECT THE UNIT FROM THE POWER SUPPLY BEFORE OPENING AND SERVICING

WWW.KR AME R AV.CO M/DE PLO YMEN T G U ID E I 1 9For the latest information on our products and a list of Kramer distributors,
visit our Web site where updates to this user manual may be found.
We welcome your questions, comments, and feedback.

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