PANAFRICAN CLIMATEUSTICE ALLIANCE

Gregory University,
Uturu - Nigeria

AFRICA
CLIMATECHANGEFU N DSTAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS (NDCs) IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)TECHNOPOLICY BRIEF NO. 76
Nicholas Ozor
Chidi Onuoha
Cynthia Nwobodo
Alfred Nyambane

Stakeholder Par cipa on in the
Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs)
in Côte d’Ivoire

Nicholas Ozor
Chidi Onuoha
Cynthia Nwobodo
Alfred Nyambane

African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)AFRICA
CLIMATECHANGE
FUND

The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is atransdisciplinary network of researchers, policymakers, private
sector actors and the civil society promo ng the genera on,
dissemina on, use and mastery of Science, Technology andInnova ons (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. In collabora on with likeminded ins tu ons, ATPS provides pla orms for regional
and interna onal research and knowledge sharing in order tobuild Africa’s capabili es in STI policy research, policymaking
and implementa on for sustainable development.
Published by the African Technology
Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
P. O. Box 10081, 00100- GPO,
Nairobi, Kenya©2024
ISBN: 978-9966-124-56-2

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Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
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Table of Contents
About the Project ....................................................................................... iv
About Africa Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)............................ vi
Acknowledgement...................................................................................... vii
Key Messages............................................................................................. viii
1. Introduc on ......................................................................................... 1
2. Ra onale for Stakeholder Par cipa on in NDC implementa on ........ 3
3. Methodology ....................................................................................... 5
4. Major Findings...................................................................................... 6
5. Conclusion............................................................................................. 12
6. Policy Recommenda ons..................................................................... 13
References............................................................................................ 16
ATPS Technopolicy Brief Series ............................................................ 14

Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’IvoireiiiAbout the Project
The Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs), with it’s condi onal anduncondi onal commitments, are key by-products of the Agreement andrequire all the countries to spell out their intended ac ons, to address climatechange over a ﬁve year period in terms of adapta on, mi ga on, and meansof implementa on as well as opportuni es arising therefrom and sustainable
development co-beneﬁts for the con nent. Despite the Paris Agreement providing
li le guidance on what and how climate change adapta on would be includedin the NDCs, most African NDCs highlight a number of cross-cu ng strategies
to address their mi ga on ambi ons as well as their adapta on needs. Thisis purblind considering the con nent is already dealing with increased severity
and frequency of climate risks and hazards due to its geographical posi oning,
overreliance on climate-sensi ve produc on sectors such as agriculture,
tourism, resource, and infrastructure deﬁcit, and the limited adap ve capacityof the people.
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS), in partnership with
the Pan-African Climate Jus ce Alliance (PACJA) and the West African Green
Economics Development Ins tute (WAGEDI), secured funding from the African
Development Bank (AfDB) through the African Climate Change Fund (ACCF) to
implement the “Building the Capacity of Selected sub-Sahara African Countries
to Eﬀec vely Measure Progress in their Na onally Determined Contribu ons’
Implementa on using Tracking Tools and Indexes” project aimed at enhancing
the capacity of selected sub-Saharan African countries to eﬀec vely monitor
and report on their Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs). The selected
countries include Botswana, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The primary
goal is to develop and u lise tracking tools and indexes that will enable thesecountries to measure their progress in NDC implementa on accurately. Thisini a ve builds upon earlier collabora ons among ATPS, PACJA, and WAGEDI,
which involved the development of NDC implementa on monitoring andtracking tools in eight sub-Saharan African countries. The lessons learned fromthese earlier projects, as well as the networks and capaci es already established,
will provide a solid founda on for the current project. The collabora on aims toensure that par cipa ng countries can monitor their NDC progress and compare
their performance with other countries and regions in Africa.

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Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
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The project seeks to address a signiﬁcant gap in the capacity of sub-SaharanAfrican countries to track and report on the implementa on of their NDCs. The
ATPS operates through a network of Na onal Chapters in 30 countries, which
includes 27 African and 3 Diaspora chapters. These Na onal Chapters are led
by Focal Persons who provide intellectual and administra ve leadership at thecountry level. By leveraging this established network, the project aims to train
NDC implementa on focal persons and champions who will use the tracking andmonitoring tools developed through this ini a ve.

Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’IvoirevAbout Africa Technology Policy Studies Network(ATPS)The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a transdisciplinary
network of researchers, policymakers, private sector actors and civil society
promo ng the genera on, dissemina on, use and mastery of Science,
Technology and Innova ons (STI) for African development, environmental
sustainability and global inclusion. The ATPS has over 5,000 members and 3000
stakeholders in over 51 countries in 5 con nents with ins tu onal partnerships
worldwide. We implement our programs through members in na onal chaptersestablished in 30 countries (27 in Africa and 3 Diaspora chapters in Australia, theUnited States of America, and the United Kingdom). In collabora on with likeminded ins tu ons, the ATPS provides pla orms for regional and interna onal
research and knowledge sharing in order to build Africa’s capabili es in STI policy
research, policymaking and implementa on for sustainable development.

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Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
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Acknowledgement
The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) and its Partners PanAfrican Climate Jus ce Alliance (PACJA) and West African Green Economic
Development Ins tute (WAGEDI) express our sincere gra tude to all individuals
and organiza ons who contributed to the study on the implementa on ofCôte d’Ivoire’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs). We are also
thankful to the various stakeholders from government agencies, civil society
organiza ons, the private sector, and local communi es led by the Côte d’Ivoire
ATPS Na onal Chapter Coordinator for their invaluable insights and feedback.
Their ac ve par cipa on and collabora on have been instrumental in shaping
a comprehensive and inclusive approach to climate ac on in Côte d’Ivoire.
Special thanks to the project team from all the partnering ins tu ons. Lastly,
we acknowledge the ﬁnancial and technical support provided by the African
Development Bank (AfDB) through its African Climate Change Fund (ACCF),
without which this policy brief would not have been possible.

Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
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Key Messages
 Cote d’Ivoire has made reasonable progress in implemen ng its Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This is reﬂected
in its policy of replenishment and preserva on of its forest massif, its energy
poten al with its hydrographic network, its combined cycle natural gas powersta ons and the increased use of renewable energies which also exposes thecountry’s poten al to become a real carbon sink.
 But the country faces signiﬁcant challenges in her NDCs implementa on suchas limited ﬁnancial resources, lack of human resources, absence of clarity inresponsibili es, paucity of quality data, inadequate overall coordina on, andlack of legal mandate.
 Overcoming the challenges inherent in NDCs implementa on will require
engaging stakeholders in capacity building and training ini a ves as wellas intensiﬁca on of engagement with the decision-makers to ensure their
buy-in and willingness to assign melines to get all or at least most of therecommenda ons stated in this brief so as to prepare the country for thebiennial transparency repor ng (BTR) regime.
 Opportuni es exist in strengthening the four strategic pillars of the Coted’Ivoire NDCs plan: Governance, implementa on, communica on, and gendermainstreaming and this will involve mobilizing several actors and implemen ng
partners.

viii Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

1. Introduc on
Côte d’Ivoire is home to over 25 million people and is located in the transi onzone between the humid equatorial climate that characterizes the southern partof the country, and the dry tropical climate of the north. The country generally
experiences a rainy season from June to October and average annual temperatures
range from 24-28°C. The country is simultaneously experiencing the eﬀects
of climate change and its impacts on the Ivorian economy; threatening vitalindustries such as cocoa produc on and hindering socioeconomic development.
Hence a more responsible and low-carbon economic development policy which
could make it possible to limit the nega ve impacts on the environment andguarantee a more viable planet for future genera ons becomes a necessity.
Aware of these issues, Côte d’Ivoire ra ﬁed the United Na ons Framework
Conven on on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, as well as the Kyoto Protocol
in 2005. Subsequently, Côte d’Ivoire joined the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) in 2005, the REDD+ Mechanism in 2012 and the Climate and Clean Air
Coali on (CCAC) in 2012.
The Government of Cote d’Ivoire has ensured that eﬀorts are made to preserve
the environment and lead to the reduc on of the harmful impacts of climatechange on the na onal economy and to the improvement of the living condi onsof the popula ons. To this eﬀect, Côte d’Ivoire presented its revised Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) for the period 2021-2030 and thus reaﬃrms
its commitment to contribute to the global eﬀort to reduce greenhouse gases.
This commitment is reﬂected in its policy of replenishment and preserva on of
its forest massif, its energy poten al with its hydrographic network, combined
cycle natural gas power sta ons, and the increased use of renewable energies.
As a result, Cote d’Ivoire has all the poten al to become a net carbon sink.
The implementa on of NDCs in Côte d’Ivoire is placed under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development. For the eﬀec ve
opera on of an NDC ins tu onal/governance arrangement, par culara en on was paid to the following principles: the principle of inclusion: all theactors intervening in the ﬁght against climate change must be involved in theimplementa on of the NDCs; the principle of ownership: all actors involved in
the ﬁght against climate change must invest more in the implementa on of the
NDCs; and the coordina on principle: the roles and responsibili es of all actors
involved in the ﬁght against climate change must be clearly deﬁned.
Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

12. Ra onale for Stakeholder Par cipa on in
NDC Implementa on
Côte d’Ivoire is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change which
threaten its vital economic sectors and overall socioeconomic development.
As a country that experiences both humid equatorial and dry tropical climates,
it faces signiﬁcant challenges such as increased temperatures, variable
rainfall, and extreme weather events. These clima c changes adversely aﬀect
key industries like cocoa produc on which is a cornerstone of Côte d’Ivoire’s
economy. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a responsible and lowcarbon economic development policy to mi gate these impacts and ensure asustainable future for its popula on.
Recognizing these challenges, Côte d’Ivoire has ac vely par cipated in global
climate ini a ves. It ra ﬁed the United Na ons Framework Conven on on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2005. The country
has also joined mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and
REDD+ to bolster its climate ac on framework. Côte d’Ivoire’s revised NDCs
for 2021-2030 reﬂect its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions
and enhancing environmental sustainability through policies focused on forest
preserva on, renewable energy, and eﬃcient energy use.
Despite these eﬀorts, Côte d’Ivoire faces signiﬁcant barriers to eﬀec ve NDCs
implementa on. These include limited ﬁnancial resources, a lack of humancapacity, unclear ins tu onal responsibili es, inadequate data quality, andinsuﬃcient overall coordina on. To overcome these obstacles, it is crucial toengage stakeholders across various sectors in capacity-building ini a ves andensure their ac ve par cipa on in the NDCs processes. Stakeholder engagement
is essen al for enhancing the eﬀec veness of climate policies and ensuring
comprehensive, inclusive, and sustainable climate ac on. Engaging a diverse
range of stakeholders including government oﬃcials, civil society organiza ons,
private sector representa ves, and community leaders can provide valuable
insights into the challenges and opportuni es within Côte d’Ivoire’s NDCs
implementa on and therefore provide a veritable ground for a sustainable
implementa on of climate ac ons.

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3. Methodology
This policy brief on Cote d’Ivoire’s climate governance and stakeholder
par cipa on in NDCs implementa on was developed using a rigorous
methodology that combined qualita ve and quan ta ve research approaches.
The process commenced with an extensive literature review, analyzing na onal
policy documents, academic ar cles, and interna onal reports to establish afounda onal understanding of Cote d’Ivoire’s climate policies and the landscapeof stakeholder engagements. This review contextualized the study and iden ﬁed
key themes and issues per nent to NDCs implementa on and stakeholder
involvement in the country.
Primary data collec on involved conduc ng key informant interviews andfocus group discussions with a diverse range of stakeholders, including
government oﬃcials, civil society organiza ons, private sector representa ves,
and community leaders in Cote d’Ivoire. These interac ons provided valuable
insights into stakeholder perspec ves, challenges, and experiences related toclimate ac on and NDC implementa on. Addi onally, secondary data sources
such as na onal climate policies and stakeholder mapping reports were analyzed
to complement and enrich the primary data gathered.
Data analysis u lized both narra ve and quan ta ve methods. Narra ve
analysis interpreted qualita ve data from interviews and discussions, elucida ng
signiﬁcant themes and iden fying pa erns in stakeholder engagement.
Quan ta ve analysis focused on secondary data to discern trends and gaps instakeholder par cipa on across diﬀerent sectors and regions of Cote d’Ivoire.
The synthesis of ﬁndings integrated insights from the literature review, primaryand secondary data analyses to develop a comprehensive understandingof stakeholder par cipa on in Cote d’Ivoire’s NDCs implementa on. Thisculminated in ac onable recommenda ons aimed at enhancing stakeholder
engagement and suppor ng eﬀec ve climate governance in the country.

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4. Major Findings
4.1
Overview of Key Policies and Ins tu ons in NDCs Implementa on
Na onal policies or related policies and laws across the priority sectors
were reviewed to understand their objec ves and goals rela ng to NDCs
implementa on, environmental management, climate change mi ga on andadapta on. They include the cons tu on of Côte d’Ivoire; Law No. 2015-537(Agricultural Guidance of Côte d’Ivoire); Law n ° 2014-427 (Ivorian forestry code);
Law No. 2014-132 rela ng to the code of electricity; 2014-390 Act of 20 June2014 guidance on sustainable development. This law deﬁnes the fundamental
objec ves of governmental ac on with regard to sustainable development. It
notably aims at specifying the related poli cal tools, integra ng sustainability
principles in all public and private en es. Other relevant policies include:
The Na onal Development Plan (PND) 2021-2025 is the reference documentfor na onal development planning. In this document, the State devotes one of
the six priority axes, in par cular axis 5, to the ﬁght against climate change;
Na onal Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Ac on Plan for Cote d’Ivoire:This document was prepared by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
Development with interna onal bodies. The objec ves of this document arestated as follows: assessment of the current situa on of air quality and shortlived climate pollutants in Côte d’Ivoire; iden ﬁca on of measures to mi gate
SLCP emissions;
Development of a Na onal Ac on Plan: To reduce short-lived climate pollutants
and policy briefs on SLCP reduc on measures in priority sectors to inform
policy makers in their decision- making; Na onal Strategy for the preserva on,
rehabilita on and extension of forests in Ivory Coast (SNPREF)(2018); Capacity
building for Disaster Risk Reduc on in Cote d’Ivoire 2016-2020; Na onal Climate
Change Program (PNCC)(2014); Na onal Strategy for Fight against Climate
Change 2015-2020; Decree no. 2012-1049 (crea ng the Na onal Commission
for the Reduc on of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforesta on and Forest
Degrada on); Decree No. 2012-1050 crea ng the Na onal Authority of the
Mechanism for a Clean Development (AN-CDM); Decree 2012-988 establishing
the Na onal Pla orm for Risk Reduc on and Disaster Management(2012);
Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030 (updated by the Na onal Energy Seminarsynthesis report); Solar tax incen ve; Na onal Disaster Risk Management
Strategy and Ac on Plan.
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4.2 Review of Na onal Climate Change Ins tu onal Landscape in Côte d’Ivoire
In this sec on, all na onal, both governmental and non-governmental climatechange ins tu ons were reviewed to understand their roles, objec ves,
interlinkages and goals rela ng to NDCs implementa on, environmental
management, climate change mi ga on and adapta on.
The Cote d’Ivoire NDCs governance system is placed under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development. For the eﬀec ve
opera on of an NDC governance arrangement, par cular a en on should be paid
to the following principles: the principle of inclusion: all the actors intervening inthe ﬁght against climate change must be involved in the implementa on of the
NDCs; the principle of ownership: all actors involved in the ﬁght against climatechange must invest more in the implementa on of the NDCs; the coordina on
principle: the roles and responsibili es of all actors involved in the ﬁght against
climate change must be clearly deﬁned.
Côte d’Ivoire intends to ﬁnance mi ga on and adapta on measures of its
revised NDCs using various sources: endogenous sources- na onal budget: it will
involve mobilizing ﬁnancial resources through the alignment of NDC measureswith na onal development plans as well as the inclusion of these measures inpublic investment programs; private ﬁnance: the par cipa on of the private
sector in the ﬁnancing of the implementa on of the NDCs cons tutes anessen al element. In par cular, it will make it possible to develop innova ve
ﬁnancing such as a local carbon market. Exogenous sources- climate ﬁnance:
the development of interna onal climate ﬁnance is a real hope for developing
countries and Côte d’Ivoire in par cular. The increase in the capitaliza on ofclimate funds such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Adapta on Fund
(AF) as well as disbursements to developing countries cons tute an essen al
expecta on.
Technical and ﬁnancial partners: the support of technical and ﬁnancial partners
in achieving the environmental ambi ons of Côte d’Ivoire has been decisivesince the ﬁrst environmental assessments that led to the development of the
Na onal Ac on Plan for the Environment (PNAE) of 1994, through the postconﬂict environmental assessment of 2015, to the development of the Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) of 2022. Maintaining and strengthening this
support is necessary in view of the emergencies linked to the achievement ofclimate objec ves in the coming decades.

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5Other economic instruments: Côte d’Ivoire, like other countries, intends todiversify its economic instruments to ﬁnance its environmental and climate
ac ons. As such, the country recently engaged in a process of preparing andissuing green bonds on sub-regional and interna onal markets.
The Côte d’Ivoire NDCs implementa on/partnership system was developedby the country within the framework of the global partnership for the
implementa on of the NDCs (NDC Partnership), iden ﬁes the support partners
for the implementa on and monitoring of the NDCs. This plan has deﬁned
concrete measures and planning for the implementa on of said measuresaround four (4) strategic pillars. This implementa on extends over the period of2022-2030 and will mobilize several actors and implemen ng partners.
4.3 Best Prac ces and Impact in NDC Implementa on in Côte d’Ivoire
Côte d’Ivoire has demonstrated commendable strides in the implementa onof its NDCs, reﬂec ng robust best prac ces across various facets of climate
ac on. A cornerstone of these eﬀorts lies in inclusive stakeholder engagement,
involving key ministries, the private sector, civil society, and local authori es.
This par cipatory approach has culminated in the development of a revised
2022-2030 NDC document that integrates diverse perspec ves and sectoralpriori es, ensuring comprehensive alignment with na onal development goals.
-Integral to Côte d’Ivoire’s NDC implementa on strategy is the systema c
integra on of climate considera ons into na onal planning frameworks. Thisini a ve promotes policy coherence across sectors, mi ga ng fragmenta on
and duplicity in climate ac ons. Notably, the country has set ambi ous targets
for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aiming to achieve a 28% reduc on by
2030 compared to business-as-usual scenarios. This commitment underscores
its proac ve stance towards mi ga ng climate change impacts.
-Financial mechanisms have been pivotal in driving Côte d’Ivoire’s climate
agenda forward, with eﬀorts focused on mobilizing resources through innova ve
ﬁnancing instruments like green bonds and public-private partnerships. These
ini a ves have facilitated signiﬁcant ﬁnancial ﬂows towards climate-related
ac vi es, augmen ng domes c funding with interna onal support. For instance,
the country has accessed funding from the Global Climate Fund (GCF) and otherclimate ﬁnance mechanisms to bolster its resilience and adapta on eﬀorts.
-The implementa on of climate-smart agricultural prac ces and renewableenergy solu ons have been instrumental in achieving both mi ga on and6

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adapta on objec ves: Sustainable agricultural ini a ves have not only reduced
emissions but also enhanced food security and livelihoods in rural communi es.
Similarly, investments in renewable energy have diversiﬁed the energy mix,
reducing reliance on fossil fuels and bolstering energy security. These measures
are aligned with Côte d’Ivoire’s broader development agenda, fostering
sustainable economic growth while reducing climate vulnerabili es.
-Ins tu onal strengthening has been pivotal to enhancing governance andcoordina on in climate ac ons: The establishment of a centralized coordina on
mechanism has improved inter-agency collabora on, facilita ng more eﬀec ve
implementa on of NDC commitments. Addi onally, capacity-building ini a ves
have enhanced the technical capabili es of ins tu ons and stakeholders,
ensuring robust Measurement, Repor ng and Veriﬁca on (MRV) of climate
ac ons.
-Public awareness campaigns and educa onal programs have played a cri calrole in galvanizing support for climate ini a ves across the society. These eﬀorts
have heightened awareness about climate change impacts and the importance ofcollec ve ac on, fostering a conducive environment for sustainable development
prac ces. Moreover, improved data collec on and repor ng frameworks havebolstered transparency and accountability in climate governance, enabling
evidence-based decision-making and policy reﬁnement.
Looking ahead, Côte d’Ivoire remains commi ed to scaling up its climate ac ons,
addressing remaining challenges such as limited ﬁnancial capaci es, humanresources constraints, and ins tu onal gaps. Con nued collabora on withinterna onal partners and stakeholders will be essen al in securing addi onal
funding and technical support to accelerate progress towards its NDC targets.
4.3 Challenges and Opportuni es for NDC Implementa on in Côte d’Ivoire
The implementa on of NDCs in Côte d’Ivoire faces several signiﬁcant challenges.
These challenges are classiﬁed into ﬁnancial, ins tu onal, informa on, andlegal categories and impact the eﬀec veness of policies and ins tu onal ac ons
towards climate change mi ga on.
Financial constraints: Limited ﬁnancial capaci es present a major challenge.
Diﬃcul es in accessing funds from the GEF and other sources, combined withslow mobiliza on of available climate ﬁnance, impede progress. There is alsoa lack of na onal ﬁnancial commitment for regular submissions of Na onal
Communica ons and Biennial Update Reports (BURs), essen al for NDC-related
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ac vi es such as greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and MRV of mi ga on
ac ons. Many data collec on ac vi es are donor-driven, which hampers theadapta on of exis ng data collec on frameworks for NDCs implementa on.
Ins tu onal barriers: Ins tu onal challenges include insuﬃcient humanresources with adequate capacity for climate ac on-related skills. This o ennecessitates outsourcing technical tasks to external consultants. There is a lack ofclarity in roles and responsibili es due to overlapping mandates and incoherence
between legal instruments. Moreover, many ins tu ons with mandates for datacollec on are either weak or non-opera onal, leading to inadequate ins tu onal
capacity. Weak communica on and coordina on among ins tu ons exacerbate
these issues, with rigid bureaucra c processes and a lack of legal frameworks
manda ng informa on sharing.
Informa on barriers: The paucity of quality data is another cri cal issue. Thereis no established pla orm for the collec on, storage, and sharing of NDCs andclimate ac on-related data. Current infrastructure is inadequate for addressing
climate change priori es, and there is a general lack of good quality ac vity
data for GHG inventories. Informa on on mi ga on ac ons and their impacts is
scarce, as there is no centralized repor ng or data collec on system.
Legal barriers: The absence of binding commitments is a substan al legal
challenge. There is no speciﬁc legisla on manda ng monitoring and evalua on
ac vi es across all government bodies. This legal gap hampers the eﬀec ve
implementa on of mi ga on ac ons and transparency-related ac vi es
necessary for robust NDCs execu on.
Despite the above challenges, several opportuni es exist to enhance NDCs
implementa on in Côte d’Ivoire. They include:
Financial Opportuni es: Exploring innova ve ﬁnancing op ons, such as green
bonds and climate ﬁnance mechanisms, can provide new funding streams.
Public-private partnerships could also be leveraged to mobilize addi onal
resources. Increasing transparency and accountability in ﬁnancial management
could a ract more interna onal funding.
Ins tu onal opportuni es: Strengthening ins tu onal capaci es throughtargeted capacity-building ini a ves can enhance the eﬀec veness of key
ins tu ons. Clarifying roles and responsibili es and improving coordina on
mechanisms among ins tu ons can streamline eﬀorts. Establishing a centralized
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body for climate change coordina on could ensure be er communica on andcollabora on across sectors and stakeholders.
Informa on Opportuni es: Developing a comprehensive pla orm for datacollec on, storage, and sharing can improve the quality and availability of climaterelated data. Inves ng in infrastructure, such as hardware and so ware, cansupport be er data management. Enhancing public awareness and educa on
on climate change can increase engagement and support for climate ac ons.
Legal Opportuni es: Enac ng speciﬁc legisla on to mandate and enable theimplementa on of mi ga on ac ons and transparency ac vi es is crucial. Suchlegal frameworks can ensure sustained commitment and compliance from all
stakeholders, facilita ng a more structured approach to NDCs implementa on.

Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
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95. Conclusion
The cri cal role of stakeholder par cipa on in the implementa on of Côte
d’Ivoire’s NDCs cannot be overstated. Eﬀec ve stakeholder engagement isessen al for the successful realiza on of climate goals and the sustainable
development of the country. By involving diverse groups, including government
agencies, civil society, the private sector, and local communi es, Côte d’Ivoire
can leverage a wide range of exper se, resources, and perspec ves, ensuring amore comprehensive and inclusive approach to climate ac on.
Stakeholder par cipa on not only enhances the legi macy and acceptanceof climate policies but also fosters collabora on and innova on. Ac ve
engagement of stakeholders leads to be er iden ﬁca on of challenges andopportuni es, more eﬀec ve resource alloca on, and improved accountability
and transparency. Moreover, it strengthens the capacity of various actors tocontribute to climate resilience and sustainability, crea ng a robust founda on
for long-term environmental and economic beneﬁts. Thus, the involvementof all relevant stakeholders is impera ve for overcoming barriers to NDC
implementa on and achieving the na on’s climate objec ves.

10 Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

6. Proposed Policy and Ins tu onal
Recommenda ons
To eﬀec vely address the mul faceted challenges of climate change in Côte
d’Ivoire, several ac onable policy recommenda ons must be implemented withcomprehensive planning and strategic coordina on:
Recommenda on 1: Establish a na onal climate change coordina on
mechanism: This centralized body would oversee and harmonize climate change
ini a ves across various sectors and stakeholders, ensuring streamlined andeﬃcient eﬀorts. The mechanism should facilitate eﬀec ve communica on andcollabora on among government agencies, non-governmental organiza ons(NGOs), private sector en es, and interna onal partners. By doing so, it can
prevent overlap, leverage synergies, and op mize resource alloca on, fosteringa uniﬁed approach to climate resilience and sustainability.
Recommenda on 2: Enhance climate ﬁnance mechanisms to support theimplementa on of climate-related projects: Côte d’Ivoire should explore
innova ve ﬁnancing op ons, such as green bonds, specialized climate ﬁnanceinstruments, and public-private partnerships. Increasing transparency andaccountability in ﬁnancial management will be key to a rac ng and eﬀec vely
u lizing interna onal funding. By ensuring that funds are used eﬃciently and fortheir intended purposes, the country can build trust with donors and investors,
thereby securing more substan al and consistent ﬁnancial support for climate
ini a ves.
Recommenda on 3: Integrate climate change considera ons into na onal
development planning for sustainable progress: This entails embedding climate
resilience and mi ga on strategies into na onal and sectoral development
plans, policies, and programs. Promo ng policy coherence and alignment isnecessary to avoid fragmenta on and duplica on of eﬀorts, ensuring that all
sectors work towards common climate goals. This integra on will also help
mainstream climate ac on into broader development agendas, making it a corecomponent of the country’s growth strategy.
Recommenda on 4: Promote climate-smart agriculture and renewableenergy for building a resilient and sustainable economy: Expanding programs
that advocate for sustainable agricultural prac ces and renewable energy
Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally 11
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

technologies can signiﬁcantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhancefood security. Providing incen ves and support for the adop on of climatesmart agricultural techniques and renewable energy systems will encourage
widespread uptake and innova ons in these areas.
Recommenda on 5: Strengthen climate governance and policy implementa on
by building the capacity of key ins tu ons and stakeholders through targeted
capacity-building ini a ves: This will ensure that they are well-equipped
to develop and enforce climate policies. Inclusive stakeholder engagement
processes should be fostered, ensuring representa on from all relevant sectors
and communi es, including marginalized and vulnerable groups. Promo ng
public awareness and educa on on climate change will help build support forpolicy measures and encourage behaviour change, crea ng a more informed
and proac ve populace ready to tackle climate challenges.

12 Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’IvoireReferences
Consulta ve Group of Experts. (2020). Handbook on ins tu onal arrangements
to support MRV/transparency.
Cote d’Ivoire Cons tu on (ar cle 27) (2014). Cote d’Ivoire 2014-390 Act of 20
June 2014 guidance on sustainable development;
Cote d’Ivoire (2022). Na onally Determined Contribu on (NDC) Under theUnited Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change (Revised)
Deutsche Gesellscha für Interna onale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. (2017).
Analy cal Tool to Support Iden ﬁca on of Priori sed Ac ons for Na onal
MRV Systems and Mi ga on
IPCC- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for Na onal Greenhouse Gas Inventories, edited by H. Eggleston, L. Buendia,
L. Miwa, T. Ngara, and K. Tanabe. Hayama, Japan: Ins tute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES) for the IPCC. Available online at: h p://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/
Law No. 2015-537 (Agricultural Guidance of Cote d’Ivoire);
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Law No. 2014-132 rela ng to the code of electricity
Na onal Climate Change Program (PNCC) (2014)
Na onal Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Ac on Plan for Cote d’Ivoire
Na onal Strategy for the preserva on, rehabilita on and extension offorests in ivory coast (SNPREF) (2018)
Na onal Development Plan (PND) 2021-2025
Singh, N., J. Finnegan, and K. Levin. 2016. “MRV 101: Understanding
Measurement, Repor ng, and Veriﬁca on of Climate Change Mi ga on.”Working Paper. Washington DC: World Resources Ins tute. Available online
at: h p://www.wri.org/mrv101.
UNFCCC (United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change). United
Na ons. 1992. FCCC/INFORMAL/84. GE.05-62220 (E) 200705. Available
online at: h ps://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf.
UNFCCC. 2014. Handbook on Measurement, Repor ng and Veriﬁca on (MRV)
for Developing Country Par es. Webpage. Available online at: UNFCCC.
2019. Decision 18/CMA.1 Modali es, procedures and guidelines for thetransparency framework for ac on and support referred to in Ar cle 13 of
the Paris Agreement. Available online at: h ps://www.informea.org/ sites/
default/ﬁles/decisions/ unfccc/CMA2018_03a02E.pdf
Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally 13
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

Singh, N., J. Finnegan, and K. Levin. 2016. “MRV 101: Understanding
Measurement, Repor ng, and Veriﬁca on of Climate Change Mi ga on.”Working Paper. Washington DC: World Resources Ins tute. Available online
at: h p://www.wri.org/mrv101.
UNFCCC (United Na ons Framework Conven on on Climate Change). United
Na ons. 1992. FCCC/INFORMAL/84. GE.05-62220 (E) 200705. Available
online at: h ps://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf.
UNFCCC. 2014. Handbook on Measurement, Repor ng and Veriﬁca on (MRV)
for Developing Country Par es. Webpage. Available online at: UNFCCC.
2019. Decision 18/CMA.1 Modali es, procedures and guidelines for thetransparency framework for ac on and support referred to in Ar cle 13 of
the Paris Agreement. Available online at: h ps://www.informea.org/ sites/
default/ﬁles/decisions/ unfccc/CMA2018_03a02E.pdf
UNFCCC. 2007. Decision 1/CP.13: Bali Ac on Plan. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.
Available online at: h ps://unfccc.int/ resource/docs/2007/cop13/
eng/06a01.pdf
UNFCCC. 2007. Decision 1/CP.13: Bali Ac on Plan. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1.
Available online at: h ps://unfccc.int/ resource/docs/2007/cop13/
eng/06a01.pdf

14 Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire

ATPS TechnoPolicy Briefs Series• Collabora ve Climate Ac on for Sustainable Development: The case of NDCs
Implementa on in Uganda (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 75)• Advancing Tanzania’s Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) Goals
Through Inclusive Stakeholder Engagement (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 74)• Enhancing Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of the Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 73)• Paving the Way for Climate Ac on: Kenya’s Journey towards Implemen ng the
Na onally Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 72)• Quelle Est La Place De La Science, De La Technologie Et De L’innova on Dans
L’emploi Des Jeunes Au Sénégal ? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 71)• Using Science, Technology, and Innova on to Enhance Skills Development, Job
Crea on, and Entrepreneurship in Zimbabwe (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 70)• Fostering the future and livelihood of young people in Uganda through Science,
Technology, and Innova on (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 69)• What is the place of Science, Technology, and Innova on in Youth Employment
in Senegal? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 68)• Understanding Rwanda’s Science, Technology, and Innova on Landscape in
Youth Employment Crea on (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 67)• Leveraging Science, Technology, and Innova on for Enhanced Youth
Employment in Nigeria (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 66)• Unlocking the Poten al of Educa on and Skills for Suppor ng Youth
Employment in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 65)• Harnessing Science and Technological Innova on for Youth Employment andSkill Acquisi on in Ghana (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 64)• Is Ethiopia’s Science, Technology, and Innova on Policy Landscape Eﬀec velyCrea ng Jobs and Fostering Skills for the Youth? (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 63)• University-Led Ecosystems for Sustained Innova on and Entrepreneurship
Development in Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 62)• Eco-innova on Policies for Sustainable Development in Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 61)• Ins tu onal Landscape for Eco-innova on Development in Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 60)• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Benin(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 59)• Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Kenya (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 58)• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in Senegal(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 57)• Advancing Ecological Organic Agriculture in Nigeria (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 56)
Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally 15
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’Ivoire• Policy and Ins tu onal Framework for Ecological Organic Agriculture in
Rwanda (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 55)• Bridging Climate Informa on Gaps to Strengthen Capaci es for Climate Informed
Decision (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 54)• Embracing Open Contrac ng in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 53)• The Digital Revolu on, Open Science, and Innova on for Open Science Developmentin Sub-Saharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 52)• Nouvelles approaches de ﬁ nancement de la recherché et de L’innova on en Afrique(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 51)• New Approaches for Funding Research and Innova on in Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy
Brief No. 50)• Towards Eﬀec ve Public-Private Partnerships in Research and Innova on: A
Perspec ve for African Science Gran ng Councils (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 49)• Innova ve Prac ces and Policies for Promo ng Biodiversity Informa cs in SubSaharan Africa (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 48)• Improving the Relevance of University Training to Labour Market Demands in Africa(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 47)• Developing Policies for Biodiversity Informa cs in sub-Saharan Africa (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 46)• ICTs role in Agricultural Development: Prospects of Land Poten al Knowledge System(LandPKS) (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 45)• Mainstreaming Gender in the Na onal Science, Technology and Innova on (STI)
Policy of Kenya (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 44)• Social Innova on: An Untapped Resource for Inclusive Green Growth (ATPSTechnoPolicy Brief No. 43)• Policy Axes that Can Uphold Agricultural Innova ons for Climate Change Adapta on
and Food Security in Central Africa: Case of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Central
African Republic (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 42)• Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protec on of Tradi onal Knowledge in Tanzania(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 41)• Assessment of Possible Intellectual Property Protec on Op ons of Tradi onal
Knowledge System in Ethiopia (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 40)• Towards inﬂuencing Na onal Legisla on, Policies, Strategies and Programmes forappropriate Protec on and Beneﬁt-Sharing of Tradi onal Knowledge (TK) with andby Tradi onal Herbalists in Uganda. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 39)• Tradi onal Healers and their Provision of Mental Health Services in Cosmopolitan
Informal Se lements in Nairobi, Kenya. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 38)• Policy Implica ons for Intellectual Property Systems for Tradi onal Healers in
Lesotho. (ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 37)• Incidence of Indigenous and Innova ve Climate Change Adapta on Prac ces for
Smallholder Framers’ Livelihood Security in Chikhwawa District, Southern Malawi.
(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 36)• Machobane Farming System and its Relevance to Climate Change Policy in Lesotho.
(ATPS TechnoPolicy Brief No. 35)

16 Stakeholder Par cipa on in the Implementa on of Na onally
Determined Contribu ons (NDCs) in Côte d’IvoireHNO

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