Additional information on reference emissions
Reference equipment
In the JCM, net emission reductions have to be ensured by setting reference emissions
below BaU or setting project emissions higher than real project emissions by implementing theproject. In order to establish the reference emissions, lighting market was investigated throughinterviews and the report published by a research company.
According to an interview, HID (High-Intensity Discharge) lighting is generally used forlighting equipment in indoor facilities in Indonesia in case that high performance in color
rendering property and luminous intensity are required. In addition, the surveys conducted by
the Indonesian Electrical Lighting Industry Association and United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) demonstrate that conventional HID lighting, fluorescent lighting andCompact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) are commonly chosen as lighting equipment in indoor
facilities1. In this methodology, however, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting is adopted as
reference equipment to ensure conservativeness since LED lighting is more energy efficientthan HID lighting, fluorescent lighting and CFL.
The color rendering property of lighting is an important element for the visual performancein certain indoor facilities. For example, ISO 8995-1 (CIE S 008/E) standard requires its value
to be no less than 80 in indoor facilities such as food industry, retailing, printing, restaurants,hotels, libraries, health care premises, educational buildings, and those listed in the standard. Asfor the type of lighting equipment, downlight or spotlight is generally installed in the indoor
facilities.
Based on these background information and assumption on the indoor facilities which
require high visual performance, this methodology specifies the LED lighting equipment to be adownlight or spotlight type lighting whose color rendering index is equal to or higher than 85.
Luminous efficiency of reference lighting
The four major manufacturers of LED lighting which have global supply of their products
are selected based on a survey report on the global LED market statistics. The lighting
equipment that meets the specification above is surveyed in the product catalogues, thespecification documents or the websites of four LED lighting manufacturers (manufacture A, B,C and D) that have the global market of LED lighting. There are 1,063 products in total thatmeet the specification mentioned above (703, 184, 133 and 43 products from manufacturer A, B,
C and D respectively). The data are plotted in the graphs below. Luminous efficiency of these1<http://www.aperlindo.org/303848389><https://www.lites.asia/files/otherfiles/0000/0469/Regional_efficient_lighting_market_assessment_in_AS
EAN_annex-included_3Nov2016.pdf>

LED lighting has the negative correlation with rated power consumption (statistically significant,p < 0.05).

Figure 1: Luminous efficiency and rated power consumption of LED lighting

Source: Data from LED lighting manufacturer websites
Therefore, rated power consumption is divided into ranges, and luminous efficiency of reference
lighting is set in each range of rated power consumption. The average value of luminous
efficiency of LED lighting from all the manufacturer is applied in each range as shown below.
The average value is selected for the draft methodology since setting LED as reference lighting
already ensures conservativeness.

Table 1: Luminous efficiency of reference lighting

Rated power consumption [W]
Luminous efficiency ofreference lighting [lm/W]

0≤x<2020≤x<4040≤x<60

60≤x<80x≥80

77.2

77.6

73.7

76.3

74.8

Figure 2: Luminous efficiency of reference lighting in each range