JCM_ID_AM027_ver01.0
Sectoral scope: 01
Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology ID_AM027“Electricity generation by a biomass power plant”
A. Title of the methodology
Electricity generation by a biomass power plant Version 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
TermsDefinitions

Biomass power plant

An electrical power plant which produces electricity throughbiomass combustion in a boiler and a steam generator thatheats water to produce steam which then flows through steam
turbines that spin an electrical generator to generate electricity.

Solid biomass fuelA source of energy made of biological materials including
wood, sawdust and crop waste, whose states of matter areneither liquid nor gas.

C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHG

emissionmeasures

Summary
reduction Displacement of grid electricity including national/regional andisolated grid and/or captive electricity by installing andoperating a biomass power plant.

Calculation

ofemissions

reference Reference emissions are calculated from net electricity
generation by a biomass power plant multiplied by a CO2
emission factor of grid electricity and/or captive electricity.

Calculationemissionsof

project Project emissions include the emissions from combustion ofsolid biomass fuels in a biomass power plant, the emissions
from combustion of fossil fuel at a biomass power plant and theemissions from transportation of solid biomass fuels.
[Emissions from biomass fuel combustion]
The emissions resulting from combustion of solid biomass fuels

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are zero since they are carbon neutral.
[Emissions from fossil fuel combustion]
The emissions from combustion of fossil fuel at a biomass
power plant are calculated from the amount of fossil fuelconsumption and a CO2 emission factor of the fuel.
[Emissions from transportation of sold biomass fuels]
The emissions from transportation of solid biomass fuels arecalculated from the amount of fossil fuel consumption by thetransportation and a CO2 emission factor of the fuel, ifapplicable. If not applicable, the emissions from transportationof solid biomass fuels are calculated from total mass of freighttransported from each collecting site and distance between eachcollecting site and a biomass power plant.
Monitoring parameters

・ Net quantity of electricity generated by a biomass powerplant・ On-site consumption of fossil fuel for operating a biomass
power plant・ Consumption of fossil fuel by transportation, if applicable・ Round trip distance between collecting site and a biomass
power plant, if applicable・ Total mass of freight transported from collecting site, if
applicable

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

A biomass power plant is newly installed on the project site.

Criterion 2

The project uses only solid biomass fuels made of biomass residues.

Criterion 3Biomass residues utilized for the project are not used for energy and nonenergy applications in absence of the project activity. This can bedemonstrated by the letter from suppliers of biomass residues.

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E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Grid electricity and/or captive power generation

CO2

Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Biomass fuel combustion in a biomass power plant

N/A

Fossil fuel consumption for operating a biomass power plant

CO2

Fossil fuel consumption by transportation of solid biomass fuels and/or CO2
materials of solid biomass fuels from collecting sites to a biomass powerplant

F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
The default emission factors are set in a conservative manner for the Indonesian regional grids.
The default emission factors are calculated based on the conservative operating margin thatreflects on the latest electricity mix including low cost/must run (LCMR) resources for eachregional grid in Indonesia during the year 2016-2018 and refers to the conservative emission
factor of each fossil fuel power plant to secure net emission reductions. The conservativeemission factor of each plant is calculated as 0.795 tCO2/MWh for coal-fired power plant and0.315 tCO2/MWh for gas-fired power plant based on the survey on heat efficiency of power
plant in Indonesia. The emission factor for diesel power plant is calculated as 0.533 tCO2/MWh
based on a default heat efficiency of 49%, an efficiency level which is above the value of theworld’s leading diesel power generators.
In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project activity is directly connected or connected
via an internal grid not connecting to either an isolated grid or a captive power generator, to anational/regional grid (Case 1), the value of operating margin including LCMR resources,
calculated using the best heat efficiency among currently operational plants in Indonesia forthe emission factors of fossil fuel power plants, is applied.
In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project activity is connected to an internal gridconnecting to both a national/regional, and an isolated grid and/or a captive power generator

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JCM_ID_AM027_ver01.0
Sectoral scope: 01(Case 2), the lower value between emission factors of “Emission factor for Case 1(tCO2/MWh)” and the conservative emission factor of diesel-fired power plant of 0.533
tCO2/MWh is applied.
In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project activity is only connected to an internal
grid connecting to an isolated grid and/or a captive power generator (Case 3), the emission
factor of a diesel generator calculated by applying a default heat efficiency of 49%, anefficiency level which is above the value of the world’s leading diesel generator is applied,which is set as 0.533 tCO2/MWh.
The emission factors to be applied for each case are explained in the Section I.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions
ࡾࡱ࢖=ࡺࡱࡳ࢖ × ࡱࡲࡾࡱ,ࢋ࢒ࢋࢉ

WhereREp:

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

NEGp:

Net quantity of electricity generated by a project biomass power
plant during the period p [MWh/p]

EFRE,elec:

CO2 emission factor of national/regional and isolated grids and/orcaptive electricity [tCO2/MWh]ܰ‫ܩܧ‬௣ is a difference between quantity of gross generated electricity and quantity ofelectricity consumed by a project biomass power plant (e.g., building, plant, etc) during theperiod p.

G. Calculation of project emissions
ࡼࡱ࢖=ࡼࡱࡻࡺࡿࡵࢀࡱ,࢖ + ࡼࡱࢀࡾ࡭ࡺࡿ,࢖WherePEp: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PEONSITE,p:

Project emissions by on-site consumption of fossil fuel for operating a4

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biomass power plant during the period p [tCO2/p]
PETRANS,p: Project emissions by transportation activity of solid biomass fuels fromcollecting sites to a biomass power plant during the period p [tCO2/p]ܲ‫ܧ‬ைேௌூ்ா,௣ is calculated as below.

ࡼࡱࡻࡺࡿࡺࡵࢀࡱ,࢖ = ෍ ࡲ࡯ࡻࡺࡿࡵࢀࡱ,࢏,࢖ × ࡺ࡯ࢂ࢏ × ࡱࡲࢌ࢛ࢋ࢒,࢏࢏

WhereFCONSITE,i,p:On-site consumption of fossil fuel i for operating a biomass power
plant during the period p [mass or volume/p]

NCVi

:

Net calorific value of fossil fuel i used for operating a biomass power
plant [GJ/mass or volume]

EFfuel,i:

CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel i [tCO2/GJ]

i:

Indication number of fossil fuel type [-]ܲ‫்ܧ‬ோ஺ேௌ,௣ is calculated using one of the following options.
Option 1:ࡼࡱࢀࡾ࡭ࡺࡿ,࢖ = ෍ ࡲ࡯ࢀࡾ࡭ࡺࡿ,࢐,࢖ × ࡺ࡯ࢂ࢐ × ࡱࡲࢌ࢛ࢋ࢒,࢐࢐

WhereFCTRANS,j,p

Monitoring fuel consumption:

Consumption of fossil fuel j by transportation during the period p[mass or volume/p]

NCVj

:

Net calorific value of fossil fuel j used for transportation activity ofsolid biomass fuels to a biomass power plant [GJ/mass or volume]

EFfuel,j:

CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel j [tCO2/GJ]

j:

Indication number of fossil fuel type [-]Option 2:

Monitoring trip road distance and mass of freightࡼࡱࢀࡾ࡭ࡺࡿ,࢖ = ෍ ෍ ࡰ࢑ × ࡲࡾ࢑,࢒,࢖ × ࡱࡲ࢜ࢋࢎ࢏ࢉ࢒ࢋ,࢒࢑

WhereDk:

࢒Round trip distance between collecting site k and a biomass power
plant [km]5JCM_ID_AM027_ver01.0
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FRk,l,p: Total mass of freight transported from collecting site k by vehicle type lduring the period p [ton/p]

EFvehicle,l:CO2 emission factor of vehicle type l [tCO2/ton-km]

k:Indication number of collecting site [-]l:

Indication number of vehicle type [-]*If the round trip distance between collecting site k and a biomass power plant (Dk) is lessthan 200km and the total rated electrical output capacity of the project biomass power plant
is equal to or less than 15 MW, the emissions from the transportation may be neglected.

H. Calculation of emissions reductionsࡱࡾ࢖=ࡾࡱ࢖ − ࡼࡱ࢖Where
ERp: Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]

REp: Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PEp: Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter

Description of data

SourceEFRE,elec

CO2 emission factor of national/regional and isolated

Default values aregrids and/or captive electricity [tCO2/MWh]provided in theadditional information.

The value for EFRE,elec is selected from the emission Once the default values
factor based on the national/regional grid (EFRE,grid) or are revised, the revised
based on isolated grid and/or a captive diesel power values are applied.
generator (EFRE,cap) in the following manner:
In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project
activity is directly connected, or connected via aninternal grid not connecting to either an isolated gridor a captive power generator, to a national/regional6

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Sectoral scope: 01
grid (Case 1), EFRE,grid is set as follows:
National/regional grid name

Jamali, 3 Nusa, and Karimun
Jawa grids
Sumatra grid
Nilas and Plau Tello grids
Siberut, Siberut Utara, Sipora, andPagai Selatan grids
Alai, Batam, Batam-Tanjung
Pinang, Durai, Kelong, Ladan,letung, Midai, Moro, Penuba,Ranai, Sedanau, Serasan,Tambelan, Tanjung BalaiKarimun, Tanjung Batu, andTarempa grids
Bengkalis, Benteng, ConcongLuar, Kota Lama, Lemang, Selat
Panjang, Sungai Guntung,Tanjung Samak, Teluk Dalam,
Teluk Ketapang, and Masohi grids
Bangka and Belitung grids
Barito grid
Khatulistiwa grid
Mahakam and Tarakan grids
Sulutgo grid
Sulselbar gridKendari, Bau Bau, Kolaka,Lambuya, Wangi Wangi, andRaha grids
Ampana, Balantak, Bualemo,
Bulungkobit, Bunta, Lelang,
Lipulalong, Lumbi-lumbia,
Luwuk, Palapas-Palu, Salakan,Toili, Toli-Toli, and Wakai grids
Lombok, Bima, and Sumbawa
grids
Adonara, Alor, Ende, Maumere,Rote, Timor, and Waingapu grids
Ambon, Buano, Bula, Dobo,Geser, Haruku, Kairatu, Kesui,
Kian Darat, Kisar, Kobisonta,Laimu, Larat, Liran, Mako, Moa,Ondor, Pasanea, Piru, Saumiaki,Serwaru, Taniwel, Tehoru, Tual,Wahai, Werinama, and Wetar
grids
Bere-Bere, Bicoli, Buli, Daruba,Ibu, Kedi, Lolobata, Maba,
Ternate - Tidore, and Tobelo grids
Biak, Genyem, Jayapura,
Merauke, Nabire, Serui, andTimika grids

7Emission
factor(tCO2/MWh)
0.619
0.458
0.533
0.529
0.499

0.545

0.628
0.653
0.549
0.534
0.274
0.243
0.564

0.515

0.568
0.537
0.557

0.532

0.491

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Manokwari and Sorong grids
Bantal, Ipuh, Kota Bani, andMukomuko grids

0.518
0.532

In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project
activity is connected to an internal grid connecting toboth a national/regional grid, and an isolated grid
and/or a captive power generator (Case 2), EFRE,grid isset as follows:
National/regional grid nameEmission factor(tCO2/MWh)
0.533

Jamali, 3 Nusa, and Karimun
Jawa grids
Sumatra grid
Nilas and Plau Tello grids
Siberut, Siberut Utara, Sipora,and Pagai Selatan grids
Alai, Batam, Batam-Tanjung
Pinang, Durai, Kelong, Ladan,letung, Midai, Moro, Penuba,Ranai, Sedanau, Serasan,
Tambelan, Tanjung Balai
Karimun, Tanjung Batu, andTarempa grids
Bengkalis, Benteng, Concong
Luar, Kota Lama, Lemang,Selat
Panjang,
SungaiGuntung, Tanjung Samak,Teluk Dalam, Teluk Ketapang,and Masohi grids
Bangka and Belitung grids
Barito grid
Khatulistiwa grid
Mahakam and Tarakan grids
Sulutgo grid
Sulselbar gridKendari, Bau Bau, Kolaka,
Lambuya, Wangi Wangi, andRaha grids
Ampana, Balantak, Bualemo,
Bulungkobit, Bunta, Lelang,
Lipulalong,
Lumbi-lumbia,
Luwuk,
Palapas-Palu,
Salakan, Toili, Toli-Toli, andWakai grids
Lombok, Bima, and Sumbawa
grids
Adonara,Alor,Ende,
Maumere, Rote, Timor, andWaingapu grids
Ambon, Buano, Bula, Dobo,

0.458
0.533
0.529
0.499

0.533

0.533
0.533
0.533
0.533
0.274
0.243
0.533
0.515

0.533
0.533
0.533

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Geser, Haruku, Kairatu, Kesui,
Kian Darat, Kisar, Kobisonta,
Laimu, Larat, Liran, Mako,
Moa, Ondor, Pasanea, Piru,
Saumiaki, Serwaru, Taniwel,
Tehoru,Tual,
Wahai,
Werinama, and Wetar grids
Bere-Bere,
Bicoli,Buli,Daruba, Ibu, Kedi, Lolobata,Maba, Ternate - Tidore, andTobelo grids
Biak, Genyem, Jayapura,Merauke, Nabire, Serui, andTimika grids
Manokwari and Sorong grids
Bantal, Ipuh, Kota Bani, andMukomuko grids

0.532

0.491
0.518
0.532

In case a biomass power plant in a proposed project
activity is connected to an internal grid which is notconnected to a national/regional grid, and only
connected to an isolated grid and/or a captive power
generator (Case 3), EFRE,cap : 0.533 tCO2/MWh isapplied.
NCVi

Net calorific value of fossil fuel i used for operatingIn the order ofa biomass power plant [GJ/mass or volume]

preference:a) Values provided by
the fuel supplier;b) Measurement by the
project participants;c) Regional or national
default values;

NCVj

Net calorific value of fossil fuel j used ford) IPCC default values

transportation activity of solid biomass fuels to a

provided in 2006

biomass power plant [GJ/mass or volume]

IPCC Guidelines on
National GHG
Inventories. Upper
value is applied.

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EFfuel,i

CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel i used for

In the order ofoperating a biomass power plant [tCO2/GJ]

preference:a) Values provided by
the fuel supplier;b) Measurement by the
project participants;c) Regional or national
default values;

EFfuel,jd) IPCC default values

CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel j used fortransportation activity of solid biomass fuels to a

provided in 2006

biomass power plant [tCO2/GJ]

IPCC Guidelines on
National GHG
Inventories. Upper
value is applied.

EFvehicle,lCO2 emission factor of vehicle type l [tCO2/ton-km]

The default valuesprovided in the CDM

Vehicle class

EFvehicle,lmethodological tool

Light vehicle

0.000245 tCO2/ton-km“Project and leakage

Heavy vehicle

0.000129 tCO2/ton-km

emissions fromtransportation ofVehicles with a gross vehicle mass being less orfreight.”

equal to 26 tonnes are classified in light vehicle.
Vehicles with a gross vehicle mass being higher than
26 tonnes are classified in heavy vehicle.
History of the document
Version
01.0

Date
17 February 2021

Contents revisedElectronic decision by the Joint Committee
Initial approval.

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