AchiEVing carbon-neutral in local government toward 2050:
Case study on Jeju Island, South Korea
Yohan Choi¹ , Chan Park¹1) Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Seouls

1. Introduction

3. Scenario

With the Republic of Korea's Declaration of 2050 Carbon Neutrality, local
governments in Korea should set the target to go carbon neutral by 2050. As
the characteristics of energy usage have a regional difference in each sector it isnecessary to establish a carbon-neutral strategy on the local lEVel to achievecarbon-neutral toward 2050. In this study, we investigated energy transition inJeju Island on target of carbon-neutral, South Korea. As Jeju is located in thesouthernmost part and has different characteristics from other regions of Korea,
it is essential to construct independent energy transition strategies in Jeju. This
study has analysed in sector of building energy and transportation, which accont
for 85% of energy use in Jeju.

Figure 1. Energy use in Jeju(2018)

Figure 2. Map of Jeju, South Korea

Industry
13.46%
Building
38.68%

Transportation
47.86%

2. Method
This study has constructed the energy model in sector of building energy andtransportation with AIM-ENDUSE model. The model has considered the current
energy use data(2018) and 2020-2030 regional energy planning in Jeju. The
AIM-ENDUSE model in this study uses a technology selection framework foranalysis of policies related to carbon emission mitigation and energy use.

Figure 4. Transportation Outlook under all scenario
Table1. Scenario of energy transition in Jeju

BAU
• With no climate policy

Scenario1

Scenario2(New strategies of energy plan in Jeju)(Adopting hydrogen economy)• City gas(LNG) supply• Electric energy use increase(ex. Vehicles, boiler)• Zero-carbon emissions in 2050

• Hydrogen energy use(ex. Fuel cells, FCEV)• Zero-carbon emissions in2050• BAU assumes that there is no climate policy and technology selections arecomputed by the cost
• In Scenario1(New strategies of energy plan in Jeju), this strategies contains LNG
supply(up to 57% of heat energy demand in 2030) and electric energy useincrease(considering EV Charging Station building plan, subsidy for EVs,
improvement of electric boiler technology). Zero-carbon emissions in 2050 areassumed in this scenario.
• In scenario2(adopting hydrogen economy), fuel cells were estimated to produce
both heat energy and electric energy with up to 80% efficiency. As Jeju
governments focus on commercialization of EV, this study assumed that thepenetration of FCEV in the market would be prolonged compared to the FCEB(FuelCell Electric Bus). Zero-carbon emissions in 2050 are also set up.

4. Results
Figure 2. CO2 Emissions in each sectors•••

Figure 1. The framework of AIM-ENDUSE modelAll the scenario show that EVs will penetrate in transportation sector as EVs will
have competitive price around 2025
As the constraints on CO2 emissons, scenario1 show that hybrid cars would
take a role in energy transition
In scenario2, both FCEVs and FCEBs would be increased after 2030 and FECBs
will be the final energy transition phase in the market of bus and trucks

5. Discussion•••
CO2 Emissions are increase about
14.8% under BAU scenario•Scenario1 and Scenario2 will achievecarbon-neutral, especially, Scenario2 in2045.

CO2 Emissions are increase about
14.8% under BAU scenario
Scenario1 and Scenario2 will achievecarbon-neutral, especially, Scenario2 in2045.

Figure 3. Heat Energy Use under carbon-neutral scenario

In this model, each types of the oil products are modeled and each emissions,price, demand and energy-use of the oil products are also constructed.
Renewable energies are assumed to generate electricity. Hydrogen generation
were modeled only by the electrolysis. The model is also considered thefeasibility of the energy technology. New energy technologies, such as hydrogen
related dEVices, electric boiler and vehicles are regulated by service share.
Energy service was calculated considering current energy-usage and socioeconomic changes(population change, economic growth, energy polices, etc.)

This study has focused on the pathways to achieve carbon-neutral on local level.
Although LNG supply will able to reduce carbon emissions, achieving carbonneutral in building sector need other strategies such as electric boiler and fuel cell
heating system supply. Also, more policies of hydrogen economy especially onhydrogen fuel cell plants and FCEBs are required to accelerate to reduce carbonemissions.
In this study, we assumed energy transition and demand considering population
change, economic growth and energy policy in Jeju. However, there are somelimitations on estimating energy technology. For example, technology efficiency was
not reflected on the model such as digitalization and building energy efficiency. As
Jeju is a major tourist city in Korea, more researches are required to predict theeffects of tourism demand changes on energy system modeling.
As electric energy-usage will be increased in all scenario, more researches arerequired to approve the possible amounts of RE generated in Jeju. With renewablecurtailment on Jeju, energy storage with ESS and hydrogen will also able to reduce
generated RE loss and carbon emissions.
Table2. Renewable energy use in building energy and transportation sector••

Both scenario show that LNG gas will be emerged as an intermediate energy in thephase of energy transition.
In the final energy transition phase of scenario2, fuel cells will account for 30% of
the both heat energy use and electric energy use in building respectively.

(unit : 1000TOE)

2018

2025

2030

2040

2050

BAU

58.7

228.7652.3

935.4

1009.9Scenario1

58.7

265.2

773.0

730.4

1017.2

Scenario2

58.7

457.5

1228.71583.21829.7

Contact : yohan0711@gmail.com, chaneparkmomo7@uos.ac.kr