3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

Sustainable Materials Management Division
Bureau of Environment
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

TODAY’S TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION
1-1 WASTE/RECYCLING RELATED LAWS
1-2 CITY PROFILE
1-3 HISTORY OF WASTE IN TOKYO

2. 3RS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TOKYO
2-1 MSW
2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLAN
2-4 TOWARD 2020
– NEW WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN －3. CONCLUSION

1. INTRODUCTION

1-1 WASTE/RECYCLING
RELATED LAWS

National Legislation
Basic Act for the Sound Material-cycle Society

Waste Management
Act

Effective Resource
Utilization Act

Containers & Packaging Recycling Act
Home Appliance Recycling Act
Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling Act
Food Waste Recycling Act
End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Act
Small WEEEs Recycling Act
45 PRIORITY RANKS
Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society

Generation control
Reuse

Recycling
Heat recovery
Proper disposal

5

The hierarchy ranks waste management options according to theirenvironmental benefits. These options should be taken, in this order,
whenever environmentally beneficial and economically viable.

Waste Management Act
Definition of waste
Solid or liquid materials, useless for the owner and valuelessin the market (Supreme Court decision)

Classification of waste
Municipal Waste
Waste

Waste other than industrial
waste

Household Waste

Commercial Waste

Industrial Waste
20 items including sludge, plastic waste,
waste oil, C&D debris, etc.

Specially Controlled Municipal/Industrial Waste
Hazardous wastes, such as PCBs, asbestos, infectious waste, etc.
6

Waste Management Act
Roles of National and Local Governments
National Government

 Establish basic policies, Formulate waste disposal standards,
 Provide support to prefectures/municipalities, etc.

Prefectures
 Establish waste management plan, Provide control/guidance for appropriate disposal of industrial
waste,
 License industrial waste disposal companies and approve
construction of waste management facilities,
 Provide support to municipalities, etc.

Municipalities

 Establish municipal waste management plan, Treat municipal waste according to the plan, License general waste disposal companies, etc.
7

OBLIGATION OF MAKING A MSW DISPOSAL PLAN
In the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law

Prefectural Plan••••

Estimates amount of waste generation/treatment,
Establishes basic policies related to reduction and treatment,
Ensures proper management of general waste,
Improves industrial waste management facilities, etc.

Municipal Plan
•
•
•
•
•
8

Estimates amount of waste generation/treatment,
Takes waste control measures,Classifies waste for sorting,Treats waste properly,
Improves waste management facilities,
etc.

LAW FOR
THE PROMOTION OF EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
It states the standards of 3R efforts to be made by the producers

Regarding 69 products and 10
types of businesses.

9

The law covers approx. 50% of
end-of-life products and waste inJapan

CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING RECYCLING LAW
SourceSeparation

Steel cans, etc. are soldConsumer(Domestic waste)

Municipalities

Recycling facility
Recycling costs

Waste containers andpackaging

SeparateCollection･ PET bottles･ Steel cans･ Aluminum cans
･ Glass bottles･ Plastic containers and packaging,bodies >Recycling costs

etc.

Recycling
10

Japan Containers andPackaging Recycling
Association <DesignatedBusinesses using containers andpackaging user, containers andpackaging producer,
retailer/wholesaler, etc.

HOME APPLIANCES RECYCLING LAW
Payment of
costs

Discharger(Consumer)

Home Appliances
Air conditioner
TV (CRT type)
Refrigerator, Freezer,
Washing machine, Dryer,

11

RetailerTake-backfrom
consumer

Designated collection
site

Recycling facility
Designation/placement

Producer/Importer
・Take-back fromretailers
・Recycling, etc.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS RECYCLING LAW
Mixed construction waste
2.93 million tons (4%)
Waste wood fromconstruction anddemolition sites
4.71 million tons
(6%)

Others (Scrap metal, waste
plastic, waste paper)
3.63 million tons (5%)

Construction sludge
7.52 million tons
(10%)

National
Concrete lump
Total
32.15 million tons
77 million (42%)
tons

Order/implementation flow of sorted
demolition/recyclingNote) Penalty with fine is imposed on an ordering party who fails to comply with
notification/change order.

Ordering party(Formulation ofsorted demolition
plan)

Asphalt/concrete lump
26.06 million tons (34%)

Prior notification

Prefecture
governor[Change order]

Commission tomunicipality

Items to be recycled

Contract

Explanation

Written report

Main contractor(Construction work plan
formulation andexplanation to theordering party)
Announcement

Contract

Subcontractor

12

Contractor• Implementation of sorted
demolition and otherrecycling work
• Work management byengineering manager

Advice/recommendation/order/ report order/
inspection

Main contractor(Confirmation ofrecycling
completion andreport to ordering
party)

FOOD RECYCLING LAW（２００１～）
Food Waste
Manufacturing
Phase (Food
Manufacturers)

Processing Waste

Distribution Phase(Food wholesales/
Food retailers)Unsold products
and food waste

Consumption Phase(Restaurants )Cooking scraps,
uneaten food, andfood waste

Bodies that recycle theirown food waste

Food
Recycling
Resources

Recycling

BodiesTarget of
3R(~2019)

ActualAchievement(2012)

Food Manufacturers

95%

95%

Food Wholesalers

70%

58%

Food Retailers

55%

45%

Restaurants

50%

24%

END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE RECYCLING LAW
 Vehicle owner (Final owner)
Pay recycling fee; Deliver an end-of-life vehicle to thereceiver registered with the municipality
Vehicle owner

Relatedbusinesses Receiver
Receives ELVs from the final owner, and delivers them to fluorocarbon recovery operators or
dismantlers.
 Fluorocarbon recovery operator
Recovers fluorocarbons and delivers it to automobile manufacturers or importers.
 Dismantler
Dismantles ELVs, recovers airbags, and delivers them to automobile manufacturers or importers.
Recovers fluorocarbons and delivers them to automobile manufacturers or importers.
 Shredder operator
Shreds dismantled ELVs, and delivers shredder dust to automobile manufacturers or importers.

 Automobile manufacturer/importer
Automobile
manufacturer/ Importer

14

When vehicles they produced or imported are
scrapped, they take over shredder dust, airbags, andfluorocarbons generated from the ELVs, and recyclethem.

SMALL ELECTRONIC DEVICESRECYCLING PROMOTION LAW
From April 2013
Concept

Background
Limitation of Natural Resources-Escalating price of resources
Limitation of Environment-Lack of land for final landfill site
-Proper management of the environment

Manufacturer

Non mandatory scheme
Provide guideline, set up necessary
procedure for each sector
In order to promote recycling of precious
metals used in small electronic devices

Retailer
DeliveryDischarge
Consumers

collection

Municipality
Box/station/pick up
etc.

Transportation

Depot

Metal Refining

DeliveryMunicipality

Certified business operator
Contract

15

Recycling Facirities

CyclicUse

1. INTRODUCTION

1-2 CITY PROFILETOKYOJapan
Area: 378 thousand km2
Population: 127 million
No. of Prefecture: 47(as of January 1, 2015)

Tokyo
Area: 2,188 km2
Population: 13 million
No. of City: 62(as of January 1, 2015)17

TOKYO
Suburban area
“Tama area”

Central area
“23-city area”

Area: 1160 km2
Population: 4,192,937
No. of municipalities: 30

Area: 622 km2Population: 9,002,488
No. of municipalities: 23

We are here.

Island area
“Izu/Ogasawara islands”
Area: 406 km2
Population: 27,461
No. of municipalities: 918

As of 1stt Jan 2013

RAPID INCREASE OF POPULATION AND MSW
14,000,000

6,000,000

12,000,000

5,000,000
ごみ量
MSW

Population
人口10,000,000

4,000,000

8,000,000

3,000,000●End of WWII

6,000,000

2,000,000

4,000,000

1,000,000(population)

(ton)

2010
(Year)

2005

2000

1995

1990

1985

1980

1975

1970

1965

1960

1955

1950

1945

1940

1935

1930

1925

1920

1915

1910

1905

19

0

1900

2,000,000

【BIGGEST CHALLENGE】 LACK OF LAND FOR FDS

20

20FDS IN TOKYO BAY①1927-1962②1957-1966③1965-1974④1973-1986⑤1977⑥1984-1991⑦199821

1. INTRODUCTION

1-3 HISTORY OF WASTEIN TOKYO

OPPOSITION AGAINST INCINERATOR 1950’S

NO Incinerator

23

OUTBREAK OF FLIES (1965)
Burning down flies on FDS in cooperation with fire department and polices.

24

GARBAGE WAR 1970’S

Don’t bring garbage into my city25

PEAK OF WASTE GENERATION (1989)

26

ILLEGAL DUMPING (C&D WASTE)

27

REDUCTION OF WASTE GENERATION AND
FINAL DISPOSAL AMOUNT(Thousand ton)
7,000

Population:11.8million
Cooperation with
Citizens

6,000

ごみ発生量
MSW

Ash Recycling

Landfilling
埋立処分量

5,000
4,000

BubbleBoomTotal Incineration of
combustible waste

3,000
2,000

Plastic
Recycling

1,000
087 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 (Year)28

REDUCTION OF FINAL DISPOSAL AMOUNTUnit 1,000ton

4,000
3,500

3,370

3,000
1,500

Unit 1,000ton

2,500

1,199

2,000

1,000

1,500
500

6
0
Generation

Tama Area
1,160km2
4 million people

29

Landfill

1,000
363

500
0
Generation

LandfillCentral Area
622km2
9 million people2. 3RS AND WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO
2-1 MSW
2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLAN

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

2-1 MSW

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

79,100 t/day
MSW: 11,700t/d
Industrial : 67,400t/d

Municipal
Solid Waste
15％
Industrial
Waste
85％

In 201332

MSW IN TOKYO

11,700T/D

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

Municipal
Solid Waste
15％
Industrial
Waste
85％

Waste generated by・Households
・Small businesses
Managed and disposed by
33

Municipal Government

MSW MANAGEMENT• Each municipal government has responsibility
for MSW management• Providing careful services to residents

34

The MSW Flow in Central Tokyo
Residents

Each city

Clean Authorityof Tokyo23cities

Tokyo
Metropolitan
Government

Collection&
Transport

Incineration&
Shredding

Final
Disposal

Source Separation &3Rs

35

RATIO OF MSW
Bulky
2%
Incombustibles
2%

Recyclables
11%

Combustibles
85%

36

23-ward area (2013)
Source: Bureau of Environment,
Tokyo Metropolitan Government

COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE WASTE
Clothes 6%
Woods &
Grasses 9%

Plastics
18%

Others 2%

Papers44%

Kitchen
Waste 20%37

23-ward area (2013)
Data: Clean37
Association Tokyo23

CURRENT MSW FLOW38

SOURCE SEPARATION BY RESIDENTS
Can

PET

39

Recyclables and garbage collection pointin the community
Glass bottle

VOLUNTARY RECYCLING ACTIVITIES

Cardboards

Magazines
Newspapers

Sign: Collection point for recyclables
40

CONTINUOUS COMMUNICATION

41

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

42

21 INCINERATION PLANTS IN 23-WARD

TMG
The Diet Building

Population：9million
Area：622km2

43

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

FEATURE OF INCINERATION PLANTIN 23 WARD
Toshima incineration plant- next to Ikebukuro Station(2.7 million passengers/day)

All incineration plants in 23-ward (2013)- equipped with power generator
Total Generated Power

1,130million kWh

Electricity sold

572 million kWh

Income from electricity sold

9.8 billion yen

Supplied heat(Charged)

547,000 GJ

Income from heat sold

183 million yen- have certificate of ISO14001

44

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

POLLUTION CONTROL OF SYNGAS
A : Soot and dust control
B : Dioxin control
C : Mercury control
D : Hydrogen chloride and SOx control
E : NOx control

45

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

ASH RECYCLING - ASH MELTING(23 wards Area)
Electrode
Incineration
Ash

over

Flue gas(Exhaust gas)

slag

1200℃

Slag

Used forconstruction material

Metal
Ash Melting Furnace (Arc type)
46

Source: Clean Association of TOKYO23

ASH RECYCLING - ECO CEMENT (Tama Area)

Used forconstruction material
Eco-cement47

Source: Tokyo Tama Regional Association for Waste Management and Resource Recycling

FINAL DISPOSAL SITE(FDS) IN TOKYO BAY
Photo: Bureau of Environment, TMG

48

48

FDS
CENTRAL BREAKWATER OUTER LANDFILL SITE / NEW SEA SURFACE DISPOSAL SITE

Landfill inside
central breakwater

Landfill disposalsite outside
central breakwater(No. 1)115 haA Block

Tokyo Port SeasideRoad

Landfill disposal site
outside central
breakwater (No. 2)

20 ha

New landfill disposal site
on seawater surface

G Block
73 ha

199 haB Block
72 ha
C Block
69 ha

A Block to G Block

F Block
88 ha

D Block
67 ha

Past landfill disposal site

E Block
91 ha

49

Current landfill disposal siteSTRUCTURE OF FDS
Sandwich construction technique

Waste

Soil

Rain

Approx. 3 m

Landfill gas

Approx. 50 cm

Waste

Power
generator

Leachate collection

Tokyo Bay
Landfill

Clay layer
Waste water
treatment facility
Sewage treatment
plants50

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT FDS
45,000 visitors /year(40,000 Elementary/Junior High School
students included)(as of 2014)51

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

2-2 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

79,100 t/day
MSW: 11,700t/d
Industrial : 67,400t/d

Municipal
Solid Waste
15％
Industrial
Waste
85％

In 201353

INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN TOKYO

67,400T/D

WASTE GENERATION IN TOKYO

Municipal
Solid Waste
15％
Industrial
Waste
85％

Generator has responsibility
for proper disposal

54

Disposed by private sector
licensed by Prefectural Government

Water and Sewage Sludge

55

Construction
andDemolition

OthersCOMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEDISPOSAL FLOW OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Intermediate
Treatment
25 million t/y(99.7%)

Waste Generation
25 million tons / year Construction
businesses,
 Manufacturingbusinesses,
 Hospitals, etc.
56

 Dehydration,
 Shredding, Incineration, etc.

Final
Disposal
747 t/y(3%)

Recycling
8,694 t/y(35%)
(in 2013)

 Licensed Private Company(Issued by Prefectural Government)

REDUCTION OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF
INDUSTRIAL WASTE(Unit: 1,000 tons)

Started recycling of
construction/demolition
waste by law

(FY)

57

<CHALLENGE 1>
LACK OF DISPOSAL FACILITIES IN TOKYO
Others: 29
Tochigi: 117

Gunma: 6
Ibaraki: 1
Saitama: 239

Chiba:
40

Tokyo 204
Kanagawa: 111

In 2013(Unit: Thousand tons)

How wide the Industrial Waste produced in Tokyo is disposed.
58

<CHALLENGE 2>
ILLEGAL DUMPING IS STILL REMAINED
No. ofDumping Cases

Dumped amount(1,000 tons)
250

600
230

528

210
200

Dumped amount

500

190

419

No. of dumping cases
391

400

150
298

282
242
217

100

300
242

110

90

200
200

70

50

50

40

45

104

37

93

59

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

84

43

0
1998

87

2008

80
25

10

15

2009

2010

2011

70

16
2012

59

8

100

0
(FY)
2013

<CHALLENGE 2>
ILLEGAL DUMPING/DEPOSITION/EXPORTING

Aerial photo of illegal dumping site in Aomori/Iwate border
Aomori (Approx. 11 ha)

Compost-likemixture including
waste oil

Mixture including
cold ashes

Waste film,
wastepackaging

Compost mixed
with garbage

Poultry manure,compost-like
substance

Waste oil drum
Waste foodIwate (Approx. 16 ha)

State of dumping site Compost-like
substance

Illegal deposition of
dismantled waste in
Chiba

Huge illegal dumping
on prefectural borderof Aomori and Iwate(820 thousand m3)
Treatment residue of end-of-lifeelectronic appliances imported
from developed countries(Guangdong, China)

60

<SOLUTION 1> TOKYO SUPER ECO-TOWN
PCB Waste
Treatment

Central Breakwater
Inner Landfill Site

Construction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Jonanjima,
Ota ward

E-WasteConstruction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

61

Waste FuelElectric Power
Generation Plant

E-Waste Recycling E-Waste Recycling
Plant
Plant

Waste to Energy

Construction and Demolition Waste

Construction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Food Waste
Animal Feed fromFood Waste

Biogas Power
Generation fromFood Waste

61

<SOLUTION 2> INSPECTION AT TOLLGATE

29 Local Government work together for
eliminating illegal dumping.
62

<SOLUTION 3>
CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF TOP-RUNNER
INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL COMPANY
OutlineThird party organization designated by TMG certify “Expert” and “Professional”
companies which conduct proper disposal, recycling and reduction of environmental
impact from their activities.
Purpose
1. Disseminate information about reliable disposal company to waste generator
2. Cultivate good company , promote proper disposal
3. Develop waste disposal & recycling industry
Evaluation item
1. Compliance
2. Stability
3. Advanced activities

Expert63

Professional

The certificate and a special sticker are given to certified companies.

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO

2-3 TMG’S 5-YEAR PLAN

Composition of Current Plan
Planning Period
FY 2011 to 2015

Structure○ Body1 Planning Targets
2 Primary Measures(1) Promotion of 3R's
(2) Promotion of proper treatment(3) Promotion of developing reverse logistics
businesses

65Planning Targets
Planning Targets
1.25 million tons for amount of final disposal in FY 2015(30% reduction comparing FY 2007)
Breakdown: Municipal solid waste 250K tons (down 60%)
Industrial waste 1 million tons (down 14%)66

Planning Targets(10,000 tons)

400

Final Disposal in Tokyo

Previous waste processing plan period
FY (2006 to 2010)

This waste processing plan period
FY (2011 to 2015)

300
Municipal
一般廃棄物
solid wastes

248

Industrial

205

200

214

90

87

産業廃棄物
wastes

73

178

62

147

44

25

37

100
158

118

0

125

121

141

17 2006 182007
平成162004 2005

116

103

19
20
2008 2009100

84

201021 2011 222012

ＦＹ

23
2013

24
2014

20152526

27
67

Image of Policy Structure
Priority of Handling①Reduce②Reuse③Recyclea) Promotion of 3R's

④Thermal Recovery⑤Proper Treatmentb) Promotion ofproper treatmentc) Promotion of developing
reverse logistics businesses
68Primary Measurement (1)Promotion of 3R Measures• Promotion of reuse to suppress generation
Change to paying for household garbage and entrench being asociety that doesn't generate waste• Promote recycling
Develop urban mining, make reverse logistics and heat recovery
more efficient, and utilize methane gas from landfill sites• Visualization of 3R effects
Visualization of amount of resources invested and the effect of
reducing greenhouse gases from cyclical use of resources, andmake the costs involved in recycling transparent• Create a system that supports 3R
Promote public awareness of green purchasing and promote
environmental education and public awareness

69

(EXAMPLE OF MEASURES)

Development of Urban Mining(Recycling, such as small appliances)
Retailer

DisposeCitizens

Collection
Stock Yard
Municipal collection

Delivery・Collection box
・Pick-up-type collection, etc.

Reverse Logistics

Company

Delivery

Cyclical
Use

Metal Refining
Metal Recovery

Intermediate Treatment Facilities
Intermediate Treatment

70Primary Measurement (2)Promotion of Proper Treatment• Toxic waste

Develop system for properly treating waste with minute amountsof PCBs, continue accepting friable asbestos, reduce and properly
treat amount of mercury used

• Industrial waste

Thoroughly separate and properly dispose of non-friable asbestos
and waste gypsum board, strengthen leadership in order toeliminate illegal dumping, such as by using industrial waste G-men• Municipal solid waste

Promote proper disposal of hazardous materials, such as aerosol
cans, lighters, etc., and home medical care waste• Waste treatment facilities
Reduce the environmental load and maintenance costs of landfill
sites and give guidance and advice to local government recycling
facilities
71

(EXAMPLE OF MEASURES)

Strengthening Guidance for Eliminating
Illegal Dumping
Amount Dumped(10,000 tons)

Cases of Dumping

30

600

528

25

500

419
400

391

19
300

20
282

242

Survey of industrial waste trucks in
242 cooperation with other prefectures

200
200

11
9

100

7
4

0

5

4

104 93
4
4

87

84

1

2

15

Amount of
投棄量
Dumping
Number of
投棄件数
Dumping
80 70

59

3

1

2

10
5
0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201372

Primary Measurement (3)Promoting Development of Reverse
Logistics Businesses• Create an environment where good waste
processors dominate
Work to understand the burden of costs of proper
disposal on producers of waste, and the structure andactual situation of the industry; develop specialist
processors and recyclers• Super Eco-Town businesses

Actively disseminate information at home and abroadon the successes of Super Eco-Town businesses as
examples of progressive initiatives• Joint technical research
Conduct joint technical research and surveys via
industry/academic cooperation with the aim of higher levels
73
of waste treatment and recycling technologies

SUPER ECO-TOWN BUSINESSESPCB Waste
Treatment

Central Breakwater
Inner Landfill Site

Construction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Jonanjima,
Ota ward

E-WasteConstruction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

74

Waste FuelElectric Power
Generation Plant

E-Waste Recycling E-Waste Recycling
Plant
Plant

Waste to Energy

Construction and Demolition Waste

Construction and
Demolition Waste
Recycling Plant

Food Waste
Animal Feed fromFood Waste

Biogas Power
Generation fromFood Waste

74

THE ROLE OF TMG AND PRIVATE COMPANY• Tokyo Metropolitan Government

 Sell the TMG-owned land to the private company
 Public offering of waste management company
 Technical advice related to the environmental measures
 Enlightenment including observation tour of facilities• Private company

 Purchase of the TMG-owned land
 Construction and operation of facility Disclosure of facility and diffusion of technology
 Management of the Tokyo Super Eco Town council
75

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITIONWASTE RECYCLING
Takatoshi Corporation Ltd.
Industrial wastes (construction
and demolition waste / businessrelated industrial waste)

General wastes (plastic waste/scrap wood)

928t/day

Recycling rate of over 90%

Recycled sandApprox. 80t/day

Other items
Approx. 783t/day

76

INTERCONNECTION OF EACH FACILITY－ACTIVITY FOR ZERO LANDFILLING－

77

2. 3RS & WASTE MANAGEMENTIN TOKYO
2-4 TOWARD 2020
– NEW WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN －PO LIC I ES A IM E D AT S USTA I N A BL E U S E O F
R ES O U RCESTOWARD FORMULATING A NEW PLAN
• Policies Aimed at "Sustainable Use of
Resources" (March 2015)
To develop a New Waste Management
Plan (Period: FY 2016-2020), establish
policies that indicate the direction of
new measures, based on today's global
situations.
79

PO LIC I ES A IM E D AT S USTA I N A BL E U S E O F
R ES O U RCESINCREASED CONSUMPTION OF RESOURCES AND THEIRENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Consumption of Resources Globally
Doubled in 30 Years

ClimateChangeIncreased
Consumption of
Resources Globally

Area of sea ice in Arctic is 1/2 ofpreviously (summer)
Sept.
2012

1979 to 2000

Billion Tons

800

400
200

0

Data: materialflows.net

Deforestation

600

Data: NASA

Loss of forested area globallyis 5.2 million ha/year
Area Forested in S/E Asia

10,000ha

30,00025,00020,00015,00010,000
5,000
0

1990
2000
http://www.env.go.jp/nature/shinrin/fpp/worldforest/index1.html
Photo: Tropical Forest Action Network, Data: FAO

2010

80

JAPAN’S MATERIAL FLOW AND
UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS
FY2012

Deforestation ･CO2

illegal logging

Water pollution

Metals andMinerals

1.4 billion ton

CO2

Total materiasl Consumption

consumption

Domestic materials
consumption

Excessive water

1.6 billion ton

・・・
Source: MOEJ

Accumulation into
bulidings etc.
Food consumption
Marine litter
Illegal dumping
Illegal export

Final disposal
Recycled
materials

TOKYO’S STRATEGY TOWARDSUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE

 From Waste Management to ‘Sustainable Materials Management’ Take the entire supply chain into considerations, including thestage of resource extraction to .

■ Reduce loss of resources
3
Pillars■ Promote sustainable procurement■ Further promote recycling of waste821ST PILLAR REDUCE LOSS OF RESOURCES-Review waste in resource consumption and improve resource productivity-■Reduce food losses
・5 to 8 million tons ofedible food is wasted
every year in Japan.

Food Put out as Combustible Waste

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2ND PILLAR PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT--Use low-carbon, symbiotic and readily recycled materials/products-

Use Sustainable Lumber
・ Much plywood forms is madeof tropical woods imported
from places like Malaysia &Indonesia.
Concrete Forms using Domestic
Lumber84

3RD PILLAR FURTHER PROMOTE RECYCLING OF WASTE--Greater levels of recycling and prevent improper disposal-

Create Rules for Recycling Commercial
Waste
Not enough commercial waste,such as plastics, generated inplaces like office buildings isrecycled

Waste Plastic from Office Building.
85

ACTIVITIES FOR THE FUTURE●From FY 2015, start projects for sustainable resource use
collaborating with businesses and NGOs
●Work with local governments and waste management companies→ Initiatives like creating rules for recycling commercial waste

Creating the legacy of Tokyo 2020 Olympics & Paralympics
Sutainable Consumption and Production(Goal 12 of SDGs)
86

3. CONCLUSION

3. CONCLUSION
 It took a long period
2010’s Both “soft” and “hard”
are essential
 Hoping to share experiences
1950’s

88

1929

1999

Thank you for your attention !