Administration andManagement of Water Supply
Services (B)Country Reports
FY2022

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)Table of Contents
1. CAMBODIA ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2. ECUADOR ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3. PAKISTAN ......................................................................................................................................... 11
4. PARAGUAY ....................................................................................................................................... 16
5. SRI LANKA (1) ................................................................................................................................. 21
6. SRI LANKA (2) ................................................................................................................................. 27
7. TIMOR-LESTE ................................................................................................................................. 32

1. CAMBODIA

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2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Prakas, Sub Degree and Water Law(in progress)• Demarcation of Water Supply Services: Urban Water Supply under Ministry ofIndustry, Science, Technology and Innovation(MISTI) and Rural Water Supply
under Ministry of Rural Development(MRD)• Main Actor of Urban Water Supply Utilities are under the MISTI• 2030 vision: 100% of Cambodian People can access to clean water• My vision: Study, research, and suggest investment planning to find supports
from partners to develop the field of potable water supply.
Whole Country:
Area: 181 035 km2

Population: 16 million

Coverage Water Supply:

72%

Pursat Public Water Work
Service Area : 630 km2
Population Served: 47 210(Oct 2022)

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0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\• Challenges/Problems:

1,The water quality don’t meet the National Drinking Water Standard
2,The water quality inspection laboratory in Phnom Penh.
• Actions against Those Challenges/Problems:

1, Inspection and Certificate of Operation (CO)2, Mobile laboratory (in progress)• National Drinking Water Standard(28 Parameters)• Water Supply Monitoring System(WSMS)• Implementation of Water Safety Plans: Mobile laboratory (in progress)

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Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption
Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

2 349 923
m3 /year( 91.62 %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

215 055
m3 /year(8.38 %)

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consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
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inaccuracies )m3 /year(%)

Real losses(Leakage)

m3 /year
(%)

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5HGXFWLRQRI1RQ5HYHQXH:DWHU• Leakage Detection Measures: Night step test
• Countermeasures for NRW:

- Replacement of old pipes, vanes and water meters- Maintenance pipe network- Quick respond to water leakage within 1 hour after getting allert- Water leakage reseach and crime inspection- Disseminate and educate people about clean water supply.

8$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff: From 0m3 to 3m3 =1,300៛ and up to 4m3 = 1,600៛

• Balance Sheet: used SUMs system, closing entries monthly

and yearly• Profit and Loss Statement: used SUMs system, closing

entries monthly and yearly.

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0DMRU5HFHQW$FKLHYHPHQWLQLPSURYHPHQW
RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• New treatment plan 6,600m3 under JICA

project• Total pipes network 185,246 km• Increase coverage area(Village) to
66.6%(2022)• Build customer trust and increaseconnections.

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5HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV¾ Lack of development partner and investor¾ Limit number of skill worker in mechanicalinstallation¾ Leakage of distribution pipes because of road

construction¾ Low pressure in some area (Kondieng district)¾ Muddy water source during rainy season.

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Thank youfor your attention

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2. ECUADOR

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2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Legal Basis of Water Supply Services. Republic Constitution (Art. 64, 318), Water Law (Art. 23,35), COOTAD (Art. 55), ARCA’s Regulations (003, 006, 010,011,012)• Demarcation of Water Supply Services . Water and Environmental Ministry (Politics and Water
Management), ARCA (Regulation and control of water supply services).
• Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities. Municipalities (Public Enterprises) and Community
Organizations.
• Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities. Provide water supply services in continuity and quality.
• Your Mission/Vision in your organization. Dynamize projects and services with quality andopportunity, ensuring the social and economic development of the population / Convert Tena
into a dynamic benchmark for change, whose growth characteristics are marked by the active
participation of its inhabitants.
Whole Country:Area:

256 370 km2

Population :17.89 million (2021)

Coverage Water Supply:

79.3 %

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area :262 km2

Population Served:

4 thousand

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0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\• Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems. High sediment concentrations during

heavy rainfall in the raw water source.
• Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems. Diversion of flow downstream.

Water treatment plant has to be closed.
• Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water. INEN 1108 Quality Standard for drinkablewater.
• Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization / Regulatory

Body / Independent Institution /Others. Daily analysis of water quality (physical chemicaland bacteriological).
• Implementation of Water Safety Plans or Similar Efforts. Conservation of water sources.

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Billed authorized
consumption

3,5 million m3
/year
( %)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)(No data) ( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )(No data) ( %)Real losses(Leakage)(No data) ( %)Revenuewater

Systeminput
volume7,6millionm3 /year

Authorized
consumption

Water
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

• Leakage Detection Measures• Countermeasures for NRW

6$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff in your Organization. Average tariff per unit volume in USD 0,17

USD/m3.
Consumption range Domestic Commercial Industry Public Facilities Municipal Facilities(m3)(USD/m3)(USD/m3)(USD/m3) (USD/m3) (USD/m3)
0 - 3030 - 500

0,07
0,09

0,05
0,12

0,13
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• Balance Sheet of your Organization. Not available.
• Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization. Costs per year 2’819.581,7

USD/year. Operating revenue per year 3’747.830* USD/year.

* Includes budget for investment works.

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RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• Extension of two additional modules (filters) in the water treatment plant.
• SCADA system implemented for flow measurement.
• Expansion of the water distribution network (230 additional connections)• Installation of water meters in the water supply system.

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5HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Limited water supply in the new water distribution network. Operational andlegal problems with the construction company.

• Excessive consumption of water by industries and companies.

• Low water tariff. Low income.

• There is no equipment to control water losses in the network system..

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3. PAKISTAN

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6XSSO\6HUYLFHV1132XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Legal Basis of Water Supply Services

LDA Act 1975 and Independent Rules & Regulations of WASA Lahore.
• Demarcation of Water Supply Services(Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department)• Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities(Local Government Under Act 2019)• Mission/Vision of HUD&PHE Department: The vision of the department is toharness the inherent potential of cities in order to make them the engines of
economic growth in line with the vision of Government of the Punjab, andprovision of low cost housing, water supply and sanitation coverage across theprovince, particularly focusing on Brackish and Barani areas.
Target Area: Lahore, Pakistan
Area:

1772 km2

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area:

350 km2

Population:

8,000,000

Population Served:

7.2

millionCoverage Water Supply:

90 %

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5• Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water: Punjab Environmental Quality Standards

are employed.
• Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in HUD&PHED:a)

ISO 7025 certified testing labs in targeted area are operational and reports are issued
based on laboratory tests performed.

b)

Maintenance Directorate is established.

c)

SCADA on 6 tube wells and one Disposal station.

• Implementation of Water Safety Plans or Similar Efforts:i.

Water Conservation Plan is active.

ii.

Water meter installation. (pipeline project)iii.

Approval of Master Plan (2018-2040).

iv.

Control over water abstraction.

v.

Switching to Surface Water. (pipeline project)vi.

Gastroenteritis Phase 1 & 2 (Replacement of water pipelines)

6

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\&RQWbG• Current Situation / Major Challenges & Actions taken against challenges:

i. Ground Water Depletion:
100% dependency on groundwater resulting in rapidly depleting Ground Water Resources.
ii. Poor Water Quality:
Deteriorating water quality due to Arsenic & Bacterial Contamination.
iii. Flooding in Monsoon:
Frequent Flooding during heavy monsoon due to inadequate infrastructure.
iv. Others:•
Serious Capacity issues.
•
Financial & Institutional Issues.
•
High NRW.

13

7

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Revenuewater
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lossesNon
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Water(NRW= Morethan 40%)

Billed authorized
consumption

xx m3 /year( 64 %)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( 36%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( -- %)

Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year( -- %)• Leakage Detection Measures Not Available• Countermeasures for NRW

Not Available

8$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff: Average tariff per unit volume = 0.02 USD/ m3• Balance Sheet• Profit and Loss Statement: NIL

14

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RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• Water Metering: Metering and measuring facility water use helped to analyze

saving opportunities.
• Use of Water efficient fixtures: Dual flushing systems (High flow rate/ Low flowrate) and water sense taps/ faucets have been adopted as water efficient fixtures
for using water efficiently.
• Rain Water Harvesting Systems: Rain Water Harvesting Systems have been

implemented to collect and store rainwater for drinking or recharging undergroundaquifers.

10

5HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Poor Planning: Integrated development Plans IDPs / Water Services

Development Plans WSDPs are mostly outdated and not implemented properly.

Water services authorities do not have a maintenance plan for their water
infrastructure.
• Poor Infrastructure: Cities are facing a serious bottleneck in the infrastructure

maintenance. Restoration is necessary for providing potable water services but
due to severe financial and capacity limitations, this could not become possible.
• Inadequate Human Resource: One of the reasons is lack of skilled andexpertise HR/ Staff and lack of capacity building programs that ultimately enablestaff members to perform core operational functions.

15

4. PARAGUAY

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2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Legal Basis of Water Supply Services: The institution in charge of regulating

the provision of Service is ERSSAN, with Law 1614, establishes the regulatory
framework for services; Although we don’t Have Ministry in charge, ERSSAN
covers these needs.
• Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities: In Paraguay most of water facilities are
public bureau under government (some are local bureau like sanitation board in
Ypane City).
• Mission: Provide drinking water services and Sanitary Sewerage in asustainable way, committed to the quality of life of the population• Vision of water supply Utilities: Lead the provision of Potable Water andSewerage services Sanitary at the country level, with efficient management,
appropriate technology and sustainable, guaranteeing users a service of
excellence.
• Values:- Respect - Responsibility – Honesty – Teamwork – Integrity - Professionalism- Efficiency
16

3• Your Mission/Vision in your organization: Raise the level of efficiency inthe provision of drinking water and sanitary sewage in the service areas
assigned to Essap to achieve leadership in the national territory

Whole Country:
Area: 402,057km2

Population: 1.852.997

Coverage Water Supply:

97.97%

Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area : 252.697 km2
Population Served: 1.115 (1.115.000) million/ thousand

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0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\• Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems: Essap is currently

executing a 100km pipeline change in the metropolitan area, in order to reduce
losses in the streets. The last time in 2013, 62km of pipe changes were made,this being the most challenging today. On the other hand, there are certain
inconveniences that we must deal with, such as on public roads: traffic,
schedule, pavement (asphalt), frontages, weather, among others.
• Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems: Communications arecarried out in different media such as television and social networks, thesocialization of information is extensive, we hope to have a significant reach.
The most popular and wide-reaching social networks in Paraguay are:Instagram, Twitter and Whatsapp. For better or for worse, Paraguayan citizens
are not carrying to news from public institutions, and communication isdissipated, slowing down the reach of information.
6• Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water: The water quality

module in the MICS survey is based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring
Program for the Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP).
• The JMP is the official mechanism of the United Nations system United
Nations responsible for preparing information on the progress of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water supply andsanitation. (targets 6.1 and 6.2)
• WHO guidelines on drinking water quality AND E. coli is recommended asindicator bacteria Selected households in the sample are tested for E. coli.
(bacteria indicating the presence of fecal matter).
• The WHO recommends as a guide, that there is no presence of E. coli
in a 100 ml sample of water.
• Reference values, standards: <1 per 100 mL of sample. Sampling of drinking
water at home: it is through a glass of water What would you give a child todrink? - Sampling of sources: the sample is taken at the place of the sourceor collect the sample in a sterilized Whirl Pak bag, if this cannot be done takeit directly.
• Blank test: high quality water is supplied to the meters to the blank test, thewater is poured directly from the bottle. This is to check the correct
sterilization of the elements used in the measurement.
18

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lossesNon
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(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

221.000 m3/year( 50 %)

Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

221.000 m3/year( 50%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )97.240 m3/year( 22 %)

Real losses(Leakage)

123.760 m3/year( 28%)• Leakage Detection Measures• Countermeasures for NRW

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2• The principle agency responsible for development, operation and maintenanceof drinking water supplies is the National Water Supply and Drainage Board(NWSDB), which functions under the Ministry of Water Supply.
• Community based organizations & local authorities also involved in managing
rural water supply schemes,• NWSDB is governed by Water Board act (1974), National Drinking Water
Policies & other Government policies.

NWSDB Vision

NWSDB Mission

To be the most prestigious utility
organization in Sri Lanka throughtechnological and service excellence

Serve the nation by providing
sustainable water & sanitation
solutionsensuring
total
user
satisfaction

My Vision at NWSDBMy Mission at NWSDB
To be a effective team member forachieving NWSDB vision by providing
the service through my knowledge
and skills

Serve the nation by implementing
NWSDB plans to achieve its shortterm & long term goals
21

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Whole Country:
Area: 65,610km2

Population: 22,306,533

Coverage Water Supply: 55.7%
Selected Water Supply System/City: Gampaha District
Service Area :1387 km2

Population

Served:556/ thousand

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5

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\
Water Quality Standards
SLS 614-2013
Water Quality• Routine operational testing at treatment plants• Regular testing for physical, chemical & toxic parameters of water
samples by regional laboratories• Water quality surveillance by Ministry of health & Municipal
councils & Industries• Implementation of water safety plans• Residual chlorine map updates
Water Safety Plan

Total WSS under NWSDB-342 nos
Water safety plan implemented-264 nos
Internal formal audit completed-15 nos
External formal audit completed-15 nos

6

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\&RQWG
Major Challenges/Problems• Catchment pollution due to domestic & industrial discharge• Chemical concentration (Iron, Manganese etc.) in drought periods• Turbidity issues during floods• Sea water intrusion

Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems• Implementation of water safety plan to protect water from catchment to

consumer’s tap• Construction of salinity barriers• Establishment of iron removal plants

23

7

5HGXFWLRQRI1RQ5HYHQXH:DWHU
Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption
Systeminput
volumeWater
lossesNon
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

606,397,856
m3 /year( 74.3 %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)xx m3 /year( %)Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use), Customer
metering inaccuracies )xx m3 /year( %)Real losses(Leakage)xx m3 /year( %)Leakage Detection Measures

8• Night leak survey

Using Eco sticks to identify service leaks
Using Leak detection instrument to identify main leaks

Countermeasures for NRW• Leak detection & repair• Metering of unmetered connections/Metering of free wateroutlets• Rectification of detected illegal activities/connections• Meter accuracy test
• Replacement of leaking pipelines• Defective meter replacements• Meter reading audits• Establishment of DMA’s

24

9$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff

10$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHVProfit and Loss Statement of NWSDBBalance Sheet of NWSDB

25

11

0DMRU5HFHQW$FKLHYHPHQWLQLPSURYHPHQW
RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• Implementation of water safety plans• Enhancement of water distribution network•

12

5HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Fund limitations• Limitations in distribution network• Limitations in production capacity• Less water resources• Catchment pollution• Salinity Intrusion• Ensuring uninterrupted supply of drinking water during drought periods• Boreholes & Tube Wells depletion26

6. SRI LANKA (2)1$GPLQLVWUDWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU
6XSSO\6HUYLFHV,QFHSWLRQ5HSRUW3UHVHQWDWLRQ
1DPH
 6XWKDUVDQ0(
3RVLWLRQ ‫& ؟‬KLHI(QJLQHHU
2UJDQL]DWLRQ1DWLRQDO:DWHU6XSSO\ 'UDLQDJH%RDUG6UL/DQND

2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV2

1. Legal Basis of Water Supply Services

 The principle agency responsible for development, operation and maintenance ofdrinking water supplies is the National Water Supply and Drainage Board(NWSDB), which functions under the ministry in charge of drinking water.
 The NWSDB, established under an act of parliament in 1975
2. Demarcation of Water Supply Services
The ministry in charge is “Ministry of Water Supply”
3. Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities
 Provincial Councils - Since drinking water is a devolved subject under theconstitution the policy aims at building capacity of local andprovincial agencies for self sustaining drinking water supplies.
 Local Authorities –Be responsible for planning, design and implementation ofsmall and medium water supply schemes including operationand maintenance according to sound public utility practice.

 The Beneficiaries - The responsibilities and commitment of users will bepromoted to ensure uninterrupted services in a sustainable
manner. Improve awareness of the water users on thelimitation of scarce water resources and protection ofsources through proper environmental management. 27

3
4. Vision“To be the most prestigious utility organizationin Sri Lanka through technological and service
excellence”
5. Mission“Serve the nation by providing sustainable
water & sanitation solutions ensuring total
user satisfaction”
Whole Country:
Area: 65,610 km2

Population: 21.6 million

Coverage Water Supply: 65.4 %Selected Water Supply System/City:
Mannar WSS

Service Area

: 235 km2

Population Served: 58,000
Fig 1. Sri Lanka Map

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28

5

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\
1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems

 There are well equipped 42 nos laboratory in Sri Lanka and some are with ISO-

17025 standards
 The encroachments / human activities towards the water sources
 Shareholders of catchment area of water source are not in one “umbrella”
2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
 WSP, WRM Committee under Government Agent
2. Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water – SLS 614:2013
3. Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your

Organization / Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others• Internally audited by the province, head office and externally audited by IESL andWHO

6

5HGXFWLRQRI1RQ5HYHQXH:DWHU
Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volumeWater
losses* No reliable data

Non
Revenue
Water
(NRW)

Billed authorized
consumption

606,398 Billion
m3 /year( %)Unbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting, cleaning)

No reliable
data

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )No reliable
data

Real losses(Leakage)No reliable
data

29

7

$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff in your Organization: Gazette Extraordinary No. 1776/13 dated

25th August, 2022, which in effect from the 01st day of September 2022
• Profit and Loss Statement of NWSDB•Balance Sheet of NWSDB

80DMRU5HFHQW$FKLHYHPHQWLQLPSURYHPHQW
RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• Formulating the national “Water Supply Master Plan” to supply potable drinking

24x7 and to increase water supply coverage to 100% by 2025. (in 2020)• Project formulation for WTP capacity enhancement and distribution network

expansion.(CEDE project) (in 2020)• Introduced “call center” as a focal point to address the consumers complaints to

reduce the response time. (in 2022)• Central system for water assets management (in 2020).

30

95HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV
1.

Lack of investment on new WSS, WS service expansion, WTP capacity
enhancement, O&M activities (Ex: lack of consumer meters), NRW reduction
staff training and R&D activities due to present economic crisis

2.

Insufficient technical capacity of local authority is to look after Small andmedium WSS. It creates additional stress on NWSDB

3.

Most of the water sources are shared by Irrigation Department andchallenging to increase the water extraction

4.

The are WSS depends on the GW, in which Partial Treatment is done not thefull treatment, hence WQ standards might not be fulfilled5.

Due to the over extraction form GW sources, problems started in WQ
worsening

6.

Sri Lanka is vulnerable for climate change and insufficient water availability
in dry season and, sudden raw WQ variations in wet season.

31

7. TIMOR-LESTE

1$GPLQLVWUDWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU
6XSSO\6HUYLFHV,QFHSWLRQ5HSRUW3UHVHQWDWLRQ
1DPH7HUHVLQKDGRV6DQWRV
3RVLWLRQ‫؟‬/DERUDWRU\&RRUGLQDWRU2UJDQL]DWLRQ%HH7LPRU/HVWH3XEOLF
&RPSDQ\
General Information of Timor-Leste
Background2

Population

EconomyNationality: Democratic Republic ofTimor-Leste
Population: 1,167,242 (2015 census)
and estimation in 2022 could be 1.4
million.
Religion: Catholic 96 %.
Languages: Portuguese, Tetum(official); English, Bahasa Indonesia(working languages).

The total population economically
active anagriculture in 2009 was an estimated 344,000
inhabitants, amounting to 80% of the economically
active population,
Industries: Printing, soap manufacturing,handicrafts, woven cloth.
Agriculture Products : Coffee, rice, corn,cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage,
mangoes, bananas, vanilla, orange, pineapple
and papaya.

Climate- Dry Season- Rainy Season

32

3

2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Legal Basis of Water Supply Services- Based on Decree-Law No.4/2004 – Water distribution for public consumption• Demarcation of Water Supply Services- Ministry of Public works – created ANAS, I.P., and BTL,E.P.
* National Authority for Water and Sanitation, or (ANAS-I.P) – Decree-Law No.
38/2020 – ensure the monitoring, inspection, and licensing of the activity of entities managing
water supply and sanitation systems, in accordance with the law* Bee Timor-Leste, Public company – DL No. 41/2020 – BTL, E.P (Water Timor Leste– Public Enterprise) was transform from DGAS in 2020 (approved year).
- Ministry of Health – Controlling/Laboratory testing and Providing license for Quality ofDrinking water• Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities

BTL Client in Timor-Leste-Dili (including all Municipalities special in urban and rural
areas).

4

2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities

Mission: The need to establish a network of water supply and sanitation systems for
populations throughout the territory is an objective of enormous scope and must be madepossible in accordance with the special technical requirements that are raised for thispurpose.
Vision: Indeed, this matter is included in the Strategic Development Plan 2011-2030, at
the heart of which the Government establishes universal and equitable access to a drinking
water supply system as one of its priorities until 2030.

33

5

2XWOLQHRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Your Mission/Vision in your organization

Mission are to contribute to the government of Timor-Leste by providing an amount ofwater and supporting GoTL to increase the economic development of Timor-Leste throughcollecting as much as revenue water.

Whole Country:
Area: 107.432 km

Population : 1,379,825 people
Coverage Water Supply: 10 %Selected Water Supply System/City:
Service Area : 14,870 km2
Population

Served:138,684 people

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34

7

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\• Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems

Shortageofsupportmaterials

especially

used

in

the

laboratory

for

water

control/monitoring/water testing material, insufficient of water treatment chemicals forunderground and surface water, insufficient water laboratory facilities (such as fume hood,biosafety chemical, and physical test equipment), lack of knowledge on analyzing the water

quality data, monitoring controlling the water treatment system and water quality testing,chemical hazardous and chemical safety, water treatment agitator failure.

• Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems

Preparing RFQ/tender for purchasing thosematerials, self-study

foranalyzing,

monitoring/controlling water treatment, and water quality testing.

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\

8• Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water

Decree-Law no. 31/2020 – Water Drinking for Human Consumption
Parameter

Unit

East Timor
Guideline

Testing method

Physical test
pH value-

6.5-8.5

pH MeterE.Conductivity
TDS
SalinityColor(μs/cm)(mg/L)(% 0)(mg/L)

2500
1000
NS
20

Conductivity meter
Conductivity meter
Conductivity meter
Comparator

Turbidity
Teste & Odour

NTU-

5 (NTU)NS

Turbidity meter-

Ammonia (NH3-N)
Nitrate (NO3-N)

mg/L
mg/L

0.5
11

Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer

Nitrite (NO2-N)
Iron (Fe)Manganese (Mn)
Fluoride

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

0.15
0.3
0.05
1.5

Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer

Langelier Index (min&max)
Free residual chlorine (Cl2)
Arsenic (As)Calcium (Ca)T. Hardness (CaCO3)
2Sulphate (SO
)
4

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

-0.5 a +0.5
0.2-0.6
0.01
100
110-500
250
0.2
50
250

Calculation
Comparator/Colorimeter
Comparator
Titration
Titration
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer

CFU/100mL

00Membrane filtration
Membrane filtration

Chemical Test

Aluminum (Al)
Magnesium (Mg)
Chloride (Cl)
Bacteriological test

Total Coliform
E.Coli

CFU/100mL

35

9

0DQDJHPHQWRI:DWHU4XDOLW\• Monitoring System or Plans for the Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization /Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others

Based on the “Water Quality Control Program” cited on DL no.31/2020 which monitors orcontrols water Quality every day (daily)/monthly for all BTL water system in Dili.
• Implementation of Water Safety Plans or Similar Efforts“Water Quality Control Program-2022” Daily treatment, Daily and monthly Laboratory
testing from Raw water to Distribution line (Underground and surface water)

5HGXFWLRQRI1RQ5HYHQXH:DWHU
Revenuewater
Authorized
consumption

Systeminput
volumeUnbilled authorized
consumption(ex. fire fighting,cleaning)
Non Revenue
Water (NRW)

Water
lossesBilled authorized
consumption

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption(i.e. Illegal use),
Customer metering
inaccuracies )Real losses(Leakage)10
17,124.01 m3/year( 2.0%)
68,496.04 m3(8%)

5,008,772.89 m3(65%)

1,926,451.11 m3(25%)• Leakage Detection Measures: Visualization (walking a long side the pipeline),

identifying, allocating materials and repairing• Countermeasures for NRW : Increasing water pressure and installing as much as
36
water meter

11$FFRXQWLQJ6\VWHPRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Water Tariff in your Organization

Water Tarif, Diploma Ministry No.1/2004* 1-14 m³ x US$0.20/m³ (domestic customer)* More than 14 m³ x US$0.60/m³ (non-domestic customer)• Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization

Revenue of BTL (Including all water Supply service)Year

Amount% TargetTarget 2022

$ 250,000.00

2022 end of Sept

$ 472,647.71

189% above
targetTotal 2021-2022$729,109.05

12

0DMRU5HFHQW$FKLHYHPHQWLQLPSURYHPHQW
RIZDWHUVXSSO\VHUYLFHV• Identifying the issues, increasing water pressure, water tariff socialization, installing

water meters, monitoring/controlling, and strictly implementing the laws/regulations,Improving the water treatment controlling and monitoring

37

13

5HFHQWFKDOOHQJHVRI:DWHU6XSSO\6HUYLFHV• Lots of illegal connections, low pressure of water flow, Lack of human resources forleakage control, shortage of support materials, incomplete drawing installation of thepipeline system, and unstrict law implementation.

38出典：2022 年度 JICA 課題別研修「水道管理行政及び水道事業経営(B)」カントリーレポート

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS) was established with the sanction of
the Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare in July 1983 and implements international technicalcooperation programmes with purpose of contributing to the promotion of health and social welfare
activities in the friendly nations.
Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)
Matsuoka Ginnana BLDG. 3F
7-17-14 Ginza Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061 JAPAN
Tel: +81-(0)3-6206-1137
Fax: +81-(0)3-6206-1164
https://jicwels.or.jp
公益社団法人国際厚生事業団（JICWELS）は、国際的な保健・福祉分野の国際協力に貢献することを目的として、1983 年（昭和 58 年）7 月 7 日に厚生省（現厚生労働省）から社団法人の認可を受け設立されました。開発途上国の行政官研修や WHO フェローの受け入れ、調査企画や研究開発並びに情報の交換及び広報活動など、海外諸国との国際交流活動を推進し
ています。
発行日

2023 年 3 月 31 日
〒104-0061
東京都中央区銀座 7 丁目 17-14 松岡銀七ビル 3 階

広報チーム

電話 03-6206-1137 (国際協力チーム)
Fax 03-6206-1164
https://jicwels.or.jp