Additional Information

1. Setting Coefficient of Performance (COP) Values for Reference Refrigerator(1) Selection of possible type of cooling systems except project cooling system-Considering the cooling temperature and the cooling capacity, following systems are identified
as the possible type of cooling systems if project cooling system is not installed.
a)

HFC dry expansion system (single loop)b)

NH3 flooded, pump system (single loop)c)

HFC/brine system (secondary loop)d)NH3/brine system (secondary loop)(2) Collection of COP values of the refrigerator for possible type of cooling systems andidentification of reference COP-For each cooling system identified in the process (1), COP values of the refrigerator arecollected from manufacturers’ catalogues.

-

Among all the possible systems, catalogue values for NH3/brine system are not found. However,
the COP values for NH3/brine system are always lower than those of NH3 single loop system1
and it is assumed not to affect the conservative identification of reference COP.

i)

Individual Quick Freezer (-35 deg. C room temperature)-

COP values of refrigerators for possible systems at -35 deg. C (room temperature) are asfollows.

1Brine system requires lower evaporation temperature of primary refrigerant compared to single loop
system since heat exchange from the primary refrigerant to cooling air via brine (secondary refrigerant).
For this reason, brine system consumes more energy than single loop system to keep the required
temperature therefore, COP value of brine system is always lower than single loop system when primaryrefrigerant is the same for the both systems.

1

1.5
1.4
1.3

COP

1.2
1.1
1.0
0.90.8a) HFC Dry Expansionb) NH3 Flooded/Pumpc) HFC/brine

0.70.6050

100

150200
Cooling Capacity (kW)250300

Fig.A1-1 Comparison of COP at room temp. -35 deg. C

1816n=53

Frequency

14121086
420η≦1.00

1.00＜
η≦1.051.05＜
η≦1.101.10＜
η≦1.151.15＜
η≦1.201.20＜
η≦1.251.25＜
η≦1.301.30＜η

7010

04

16

124- 35 deg CFig.A1-2 Frequency of COP at room temp. -35 deg. C-Catalogue COP values are collected from the manufacturers with high market share inIndonesia: manufacturer A, manufacturer B, manufacturer C, manufacturer D, manufacturer E
and manufacturer F.

-Range of refrigeration capacity found in the manufacturers’ catalogues is 12 to 260 kW.

-The most frequent range of COP values is between 1.20 and 1.25, and the maximum value is
1.32. From the above, the most likely COP values of refrigerators to be installed at BaU basis
2are assumed to be between 1.20 and 1.25.
-Considering the conservativeness, the COP value for the reference refrigerator is set as 1.32,
applicable for the refrigerators with capacity up to 260 kW.

ii)

Cold Storage (-25 deg. C room temperature)-COP values of refrigerators for possible systems at -25 deg. C (room temperature) are asfollows.

2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7

COP

1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2a) HFC Dry Expansionb) NH3 Flooded/Pumpc) HFC/brine

1.1
1.0
0.9
0100200Cooling Capacity (kW)

300

400

Fig.A2-1 Comparison of COP at room temp. -25 deg. C25Frequency

20n=58151050- 25 deg C1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65
η≦1 ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ ＜ 1.70.10 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 η≦1 ＜η.15 .20 .25 .3 .35 .4 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70
0

10801

3

1

1104

722

2

1

Fig.A2-2 Frequency of COP at room temp. -25 deg. C-Catalogue COP values are collected from the manufacturers with high market share inIndonesia: manufacturer A, manufacturer B, manufacturer C, manufacturer D, manufacturer E
and manufacturer F.

-Range of refrigeration capacity found in the manufacturers’ catalogues is 14 to 340 kW.

-The most frequent range of COP values of all the refrigeration capacity is between 1.60 and 1.65,
and the maximum value is 1.71. From the above, the most likely COP values of refrigerators to
be installed at BaU basis are assumed to be between 1.60 and 1.65.

-Considering the conservativeness, the COP value for the reference refrigerator is set as 1.71,
applicable for the refrigerators with capacity up to 340 kW.

2. Assurance of Net Emission Reductions-Table A1 shows the comparison of the project cooling system and other possible type of coolingsystems.

-Net emission reductions can be assured as follows:a)Values higher than BaU COP are selected as the reference COP.

b)

Emissions from power consumption of pumps for the secondary refrigerant or oil are notcounted in the emission calculations.

Emissions from HFC leakage is not counted for HFC dry expansion system and HFC/brine system
as the reference emissions.

4<ANNEX>
1. Calculation of power consumption of pump
Power requirement of pumps for brine and CO2 are calculated as follows:Pump power requirement= gravity × density of fluid × flow capacity × total pump head / pump efficiency

where;
gravitational acceleration: 9.8m/s2,density of fluid: kg/m3,
flow capacity: m3/s,
total pump head: mTable A1. Comparison of the power consumption between the brine and CO2 pump

Cold storage (189kW*1)
Secondary refrigerant

Brine*2

Freezer (70kW*1)
Brine*2CO2

CO2

Temperature

deg.C-34 -> -31-32-44 -> -41-42

Density

kg/m3

1,115

1,084

1,382

1,124

Specific heatkJ/kg K

2.7-2.58-Enthalpy (Liquid)

kJ/kg

-129-

193

Enthalpy (Gas)

kJ/kg

-437-

435

Flow capacity

3m /s

0.021

0.00110.00650.00038

Required heat flow

kJ/s

189.7

189.7

69.5

69.5

Viscosity

mPa*s

118

1>

118

1>

Pump headm

30 - 70

10 >

30 - 70

10 >Power*3

kW

28.7

0.3

11.0

0.1

*1: Cooling capacity*2: Brine is ethylene glycol kind
*3: In these calculations, pump efficiency is 0.4.
Table A1. shows comparison of the power consumption between the brine and CO2 pump for thecold storage and the freezer respectively. The power consumption of the brine pump is much larger
than CO2 pump, reasons are as follows; 1) brine is viscous fluid, 2) CO2 is low flow capacity
because of its high enthalpy.

52. Schematic diagrams of cooling systems

Fan
Compressor

Compressor

Evaporator

Oil separator

Oil separator
CoolerOil pump
FanFanCondenser

CO2 pump

Fan

Coolingtower

Expansion valve

CoolingCondenser
Oil heater

Expansion
valve

tower

CoolerIntermediate
Circulation pump

Cooling water pump

Circulation

coolerpump

Cooling water pump

HFC dry expansion system<Project cooling system> NH3/CO2 system

Low pressure

Compressor

Oil separator

Intermediate cooler

Compressor

ReceiverOil pump

Evaporator

Oil separator

Oil pump
FanRefrigerant pumpFan

Oil heater
Fan
Evaporative Condenser

Expansion valve

CoolingCondenser

Brine pump

Oil heater

tower

CoolerIntermediate

Circulation

coolerExpansion valve
Cooling water pump

Intermediate coolerpump

Circulation pump

NH3 pump system

HFC or NH3/brine system

6

FanCooler