Additional Information for
Reference Emissions

1Establishment of reference emission
In the JCM, net emission reductions have to be ensured by setting reference emissions below
BaU or setting project emissions higher than real project emissions by implementing the project.
In order to establish the above reference emission reductions, air conditioning system market ofIndonesia was investigated through interviews and on-sight surveys.

1) Setting of BaU
2 types of air conditioning system, wall mounted type and ceiling cassette type, are used ingrocery stores in Indonesia. Most of the air conditioning systems circulating in the country arenon-inverter type. Market research was conducted on the 2 types of air conditioning systems
above, and 4 major manufacturers are identified respectively, as indicated in Table 1.
Table 1 : Air Conditioning System Market in Indonesia(Wall Mounted Type)
SourceInformation on Air Conditioning System MarketPT PanasonicInverter type air conditioning systems holds a very small amount ofGobel Indonesia

share (approximately 5%), and most of the air conditioning systems arenon-inverter type (approximately 95%). Top shares of the wall mounted
type are from manufacturer A, B, C and D, as indicated in Figure 1.

Source: Interview with PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia was done by the Study Team. (2013)

21%

25%
Manufacturer A

Manufacturer B
Manufacturer C
17%

Manufacturer D
20%

Others17%

Figure 1：Market Share of Wall Mounted Type Air Conditioning System
Source: Interview with PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia was done by the Study Team. (2013)2

Table 2 : Air Conditioning System Market in Indonesia（Ceiling Cassette Type）
SourceInformation on Market Share ofAir Conditioning SystemPT Panasonic

4 major manufacturers of the ceiling cassette type air conditioningGobel Indonesia

system are mainly manufacturer E with approximately 60% market
shares, and the rest are manufacturer A, C and F.

Source: Interview with PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia was done by the Study Team. (2013)

Generally speaking, it is assumed that the existing old type air conditioning system will be used
continuously in case that the project is not implemented because of avoiding new investment for
air conditioning system replacement / new installation of air conditioning system. In addition, itis safe to say that the existing air conditioning systems are of non-inverter type, since they have
95% market share for wall mounted type as stated in Table 1 above, and inverter type is notlisted in most of the catalogs of ceiling cassette type which are currently available in theIndonesian market of major manufacturers in Table 2. Therefore, the usage of non-inverter typeair conditioning systems by the major manufacturers stated in Figure 1 and Table 2 above are set
as BaU.

2) Setting of Reference Parameters Fixed Ex AnteIn case of new installation, it is assumed that products from the major manufacturers above will
be chosen. Figure 2 shows the COP of the air conditioning systems by these manufacturers
which are currently available in the Indonesian market 1,2,3,4,5. The values of cooling capacity andrated power consumption used in the calculation of COP are obtained from product catalogs,
specification documents or website of the manufacturers.

1

http://www.lg.com/id/air-conditioner
https://www.sharp-indonesia.com/products/perlengkapan-rumah-tangga/air-conditioner/ac3
http://www.panasonic.com/id/consumer/home-appliances/air-conditioners.html
4
http://www.daikin.co.id/products/commercial/skyair/index.jsp
5
http://www.panasonic.com/id/consumer/home-appliances/air-conditioners.html
234.50
Wall Mounted Type

4.00

Manufacturer A
Manufacturer B

COP

3.50
Manufacturer C

3.00

Ceilingdummy
Cassette Type
Manufacturer C

2.50
Manufacturer E

2.00
02

4

68
10Cooling Capacity [kW]121416Figure 2 : COP of Air Conditioning Systems available in the Indonesian market
Source: Data quoted from official websites and compiled by the Study Team. (2014)

Based on Figure 2, the COP of reference air conditioning system is conservatively set ex ante in
the following manner to ensure the net emission reductions.
1. The COP value tends to decrease as the cooling capacity increases.
2. The reference COP, at a certain cooling capacity, is set at a maximum value in therespective cooling capacity range.
3. The maximum values of COP in the respective cooling capacity ranges are defined as
COPRE, as indicated in Table 3.
Table 3 : COP for Reference Air Conditioning System (COPRE)

Cooling Capacity [kW]2.5 ＜ x ≦ 4.1
4.1 ＜ x ≦ 5.3
5.3 ＜ x ≦ 7.1
7.1 ＜ x ≦ 14.2

4Reference COP
4.00
3.59
2.962.85