Book of Abstracts

International Congress
July, 12 - 16, 2024

ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Table of content

Organising commi ee

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Program commi ee

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Code of conduct

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Friday, 12 July 2024

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Saturday, 13 July 2024

8

Sunday, 14 July 2024

22

Monday, 15 July 2024

34

Tuesday, 16 July 2024

47

Poster Session

60

Index of authors

79

List of a endees

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Human Ethology

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Pages for your notes

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Organising commi ee
Chair: Amanda Hahn, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Nathan Boone, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Je Frederick, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Chad Hinojosa, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Maria Iturbide, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Shairy Jimenez Delgado, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Francesca Messina, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Jennifer Oliphant, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Juergen Riedelsheimer, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Leti Armenta Villa, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Povheng Yam, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Alice Zhang, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA

Program commi ee
Chair: Jan Havlíček, Charles University, Czech Republic
Amanda Hahn, California Polytechnic University, Arcata, USA
Iris Holzleitner, University of Bristol, UK
Juan David Leóngomez, University El Bosque, Colombia
Elisabeth Oberzaucher, University of Vienna, Austria
Craig S. Roberts, University of Stirling, UK
Lisa Welling, Oakland University, USA

Book of Abstracts: Kathrin Masuch, University of Vienna, Austria

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Code of conduct
e International Society for Human Ethology (ISHE) holds annual meetings to enable its membership topresent and discuss research ndings, to share knowledge of techniques and skills, and to build professional
networks. At both its Congress and Summer Institutes, ISHE is dedicated to providing a harassment-free
event experience for everyone. We do not tolerate harassment of event participants in any form. Event
participants violating these rules may be sanctioned or expelled without a refund at the discretion of the
ISHE Board of O cers.
ISHE is dedicated to diversity, equity, inclusion, and the free expression of ideas. e Society seeks toprovide an environment in which diverse participants may learn, network, and enjoy the company ofcolleagues in an environment of mutual human respect. We recognize a shared responsibility to create andhold that environment for the bene t of all. Some behaviors, therefore, are speci cally prohibited:• Harassment or intimidation, including but not limited to that based on gender, race, ethnicity, sexual
orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability, age, appearance, religion, or other group status.
• Sexual harassment or intimidation, including stalking (physical or virtual) and recurring unwelcome
sexual a ention or physical contact.
• Sustained disruption or threatening presenters (verbally or physically).
All participants are asked to frame discussions as openly and inclusively as possible and to be aware of how
language or images may be perceived by others.
Critical examination of beliefs and viewpoints does not, by itself, constitute hostile conduct or harassment.
Similarly, use of sexual imagery or language in the context of a professional discussion might not constitutehostile conduct or harassment if it is necessary to the topic of discussion and presented respectfully.
Enforcement
Participants who are asked to stop any harassing behavior are expected to comply immediately.
If a participant engages in harassing behavior, event organizers retain the right to take any actions to keep theevent a welcoming environment for all participants. is includes warning the o ender or expulsion fromthe meeting with no refund.
Event organizers may take action to redress anything designed to, or with the clear impact of, disrupting theevent or making the environment hostile for any participants.
We expect participants to follow these rules at all event venues and event-related social activities.
ReportingIf someone makes you or anyone else feel unsafe or unwelcome, or if you believe a harassment problem
exists, please report it as soon as possible to any member of the ISHE Board of O cers or event organizers.
References
is anti-harassment policy is adapted (with permission) from that drawn up by the Society for the
Improvement of Psychological Science (h ps://improvingpsych.org), using language and concepts
adapted from the following sources:
Geek Feminism wiki:
h p://geekfeminism.wikia.com/wiki/Conference_anti- harassment/Policy
American Library Association code of conduct: h p://alamw14.ala.org/statement-of-appropriate-conduct

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ISHE International Congress 2024
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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Friday, 12 July 2024

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Keynote Talk
12 July 2024

THE EMERGENCE OF EMOTIONALLY MODERN MINDS

Sarah Hrdy
University of California, Davis, Davis, USA

ABST

CT

No other ape displays so much interest in what others think as humans. And no other ape cares so much about what
others think about them. From an early age, li le humans are also more re exively eager to cooperate and share.
Such prosocial emotions laid the groundwork for bipedal apes in the line leading to the genus Homo to develop
unprecedented levels of cooperation and food-sharing, making it possible for brains as large and inter-connected as
those of modern humans to evolve. But long before hominin brains evolved to be the size of “anatomically modern”
Homo sapiens, our peculiarly prosocial ancestors must have already been more other-regarding, in this sense
already “emotionally modern”. Drawing on new information om behavioral ecology, developmental psychology
and social neuroscience, this lecture will highlight the role that a life phase not ordinarily associated withmentalizing and social evaluations – namely infancy – played in the evolution of these large brains with their
distinctively human pre ontal cortex.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Saturday, 13 July 2024

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Plenary Talk
13 July 2024

ADAPTIVE BASES OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE: RAWLSIAN MAXIMIN
RULE OPETES AS A COMMON COGNITIVE ANCHOR IN ALLOCATION
AND RISKY DECISIONS

Tatsuya Kameda
Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan

ABST

CT

Distributive justice concerns moral principles by which we seek to allocate resources fairly among the diverse
members of society. Although the concept of fair distribution is one of the fundamental building blocks of humansocieties, the lack of clear consensus on how to achieve “socially just” distribution o en leads to uitless disputes andbi er divisions between social sectors. Inspired by anthropological eldwork on hunter-gatherer societies, this talkargues that people’s allocation decisions for others are closely related to their risky decisions for themselves through a
cognitive focus on the minimum, worst-o position. I also argue that, although o en confused, people’s robust“inequality-averse” preferences in social distribution are separable into two elements: (a) an egalitarian concern
about variance and (b) a maximin concern for the poorest (maximizing the minimum), and that the la er is more
important to our allocation decisions than the former. I support these arguments with a series of behavioral andneurocognitive experiments combined with computational modeling. Speci cally, these experiments reveal that:(1) People commonly exhibit spontaneous perspective taking of the worst-o position in allocation choices,
irrespective of their distributive ideologies (utilitarian, egalitarian, or Rawlsian);(2) e dominance of this perspective emerges at a very early stage of decision making, suggesting that the maximin
concern operates as a cognitive anchor almost instantaneously;(3) Such focus is facilitated by group deliberation, yielding more coherent and long-lasting a itude changes.
ese results suggest that Rawlsian maximin concern may serve as common ground for formulating distributive
policies in society.

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Session 1: Cooperation
13 July 2024

CAPTURING DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS: EXPLORING CULTU LPERSPECTIVES ON COOPE TION THROUGH YU
RE CHILDRENOBSERVATION

Natalia Siekiera (SFA), Arkadiusz Białek
Jagiellonian University, Institute of Psychology, Kraków, Poland

ABST

CT

As an ultra-social species capable of cultural learning (Legare & Harris, 2016) and even overimitation within ourcommunity (e.g., Clay & Tennie, 2018), humans acquire the skill to navigate social life by embedding cultural
meanings (e.g., Nielsen & Haun, 2016) into their understanding. us, children develop not only by observing the
behavior of others but also by actively participating in social activities with partners (Rogo , 2003), providing arich context for understanding and describing children's behaviors.
In our presentation, we suggest that the collaborative dynamics of indigenous communities, which are observed on abroader scale, are apparent in even the briefest interactions, including those occurring during childhood. We
introduce a conceptual “toy model” (Beer, 2020) elucidating the interplay between culture and behavior to support
this claim. Additionally, we provide descriptive empirical evidence based on eldwork conducted in the small-scale
Bolivian community of Yurakare.
We provide data related to di erent timescales. Firstly, we present data gathered through a focal-follow analysis
conducted over weeks, thus depicting a broader timescale of development. Secondly, we o er a microanalysis ofquasi-natural cooperative interactions among peers and siblings within playful contexts (i.e. shorter timescale).
e exploration of the connection between the LOPI social model (Rogo , 2014; Rogo & Mejia-Arauz, 2022),
observed through focal-follow sampling, alongside the analysis of the cooperative atmosphere at the molar level, andverbal and non-verbal collaboration among children analyzed at a microscopic level, reveals the dynamic nature ofcultural pa erns unfolding in children's interactions.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
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Session 1: Cooperation
13 July 2024

EXPLORING RESOURCE ALLOCATION DYNAMICS IN COLLABO TIVETASKS: INSIGHTS FROM TWIN CHILDREN

Timon Lebaron-Khérif1,2 (SFA), Tania Lucci1, Rana Esseily2, Emma O a1
1University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France

ABST

CT

Cooperative behaviors in collaborative tasks remain under-researched, particularly regarding resource allocation.
We conducted a microanalysis of 31 videos featuring Brazilian twin siblings (n=62, 61% females, 55% dizygotic,
mean age=10 years) engaged in a 5-minute collaborative drawing task at the laboratory. Twin pairs collaboratively
draw their house on a single sheet of paper using ve markers. Our previous analyses highlighted the impact of bothbiological (sex, age, zygosity) and psychological factors (con ict, dominance, collaborative habit, assessed by theTwin relationship Questionnaire) on drawing behaviors. Here, we speci cally examined paper sheet
monopolization as a measure of resource allocation. Results indicate that twins with higher rivalry or dominancescores in relation to their cotwin monopolized the sheet more times than ones with lower scores (p < 0.02, Cohen’s d= 0.64; p < 0.03, Cohen’s d = 0.71, respectively). Moreover, an intriguing sex dynamic emerged: female-male twinpairs exhibited lower equencies of sheet monopolization compared to male-male pairs (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d =0.91), suggesting di erential pa erns of leadership or dominance within the collaborative context. However, wefound no signi cant e ect for female-female pairs in comparison to other sex groups, indicating a need for further
exploration into sex-speci c cooperative dynamics. Overall our results highlight the interplay between biological andpsychological factors in resource allocation during cooperative tasks, o ering insights into human group dynamics
and enriching our understanding of twin relationships. Further research in this area promises to illuminate thenuanced mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviors and their broader implications for social interactions.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Session 1: Cooperation
13 July 2024

DIFFERENCES IN BLOOD DONOR PROFILES: A COMPA TIVE STUDYBETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BLOOD BANKS

Natália de Araújo Miranda Tasso (SFA), Israel Lima de Luna Freire, Fívia de Araújo Lopes, Felipe
Nalon Castro
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

ABST

CT

Despite the relatively recent practice of blood donation in our species' history, its analysis om the perspective of
evolutionary cooperation reveals its prosocial nature, involving costs for the donor in exchange for bene ts for therecipient. In Brazil, this practice occurs in public blood banks, serving patients om the public healthcare system,
and in private blood banks, serving patients in private institutions. Given the costliness of blood donation, it isnecessary to evaluate whether the pro les of donors om public and private blood banks di er in sociodemographic
characteristics and their propensity for the type of donation to be made. us, the aim of the study was to compare
the pro les of blood donors in public and private banks, investigating sociodemographic di erences and donation
pa erns. We interviewed 577 donors at two di erent times: 311 om a public bank in 2012 and 266 om aprivate bank in 2017, using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Donors om the privatebank had higher levels of education, more rst-time donors, and more voluntary donations overall compared todonors om the public bank. is result appears to be associated with socioeconomic stratum. Given the costly
nature of the behavior, individuals om lower socioeconomic stratum may require greater motivation to engage inthis behavior, such as when it is linked to directed donations to known individuals. In summary, reducing a country's
inequality indices may indirectly lead to an increase in the number of donors and voluntary donations.

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Session 1: Cooperation
13 July 2024

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL BONDS, EMOTIONS AND PERSONALITY ON
PUNISHMENT A

ITUDES

Cristina Acedo-Carmona1, Ana María Fernández2
1University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
2University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

ABST

CT

From an evolutionary point of view, di erent emotions such as jealousy and a itudes of trust seem to havein uenced close and a ective bonds, and cooperative behaviors respectively, being both of them key pillars that
contribute to guaranteeing, at di erent levels, the maintenance of the social bonds that form human groups.
However, although punishment a itudes have been widely used in the analysis of the evolution of cooperation, they
does not seem very relevant to explain cooperation and, therefore, the motivations that induce punishment a itudes
remains unclear.
In this study, carried out on 174 participants, questionnaires and economic games were combined, the former to try
to know aspects of the participants’ personality that may a ect their interpersonal relationships, and the la er totry to induce di erent emotions and punishment behaviors, which allow us to advance to know more about thefactors that promote these punishing a itudes.
e results of the study provide di erent information about the emotions that are generated when presenting an
unfavorable situation for the individual in di erent types of relationships, about how these induced emotions are
related to each other and to di erent types of personality, and about what e ect all these combinations may have tocause punishing a itudes. We try to test the hypothesis that punishment will depend on the type of relationship,
which generates di erent emotional levels that, together with individuals' personality, will explain the di erent levelsof punishment.

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Session 2: Disgust
13 July 2024

PARENTS ARE LESS DISGUST SENSITIVE THAN CHILDLESSINDIVIDUALS, AND A CHILD’S PRESENCE HAS NO EFFECT ON DISGUSTSENSITIVITY OF A PARENT

Amelia Ciniawska (SFA)
University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

ABST

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A child’s immune system is underdeveloped, and compensatory mechanisms are needed to protect a child om
pathogen threat. Increased disgust sensitivity in a child’s parent could be such a mechanism. We tested whether
parents are more disgust sensitive than non-parents. Subsequently, we sought for a child presence e ect, i.e., that
disgust sensitivity in parents increases when their o spring is nearby. In a sample of N=995, we found women to be
more disgust sensitive than men, and parents to be less sensitive to generalized pathogen disgust than childless
individuals. We found no support for the child presence e ect. Persistent sex di erences in disgust, andunderdeveloped immune system in children need other explanations in terms of their origins and compensatory
adaptations, respectively.

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Session 2: Disgust
13 July 2024

A ENTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO DISGUSTELICITING STIMULI

Iveta Štolhoferová, Markéta Janovcová, Tereza Hladíková, Daniel Frynta, Eva Landová
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

ABST

CT

Over the course of evolution, humans have developed complex cognitive, physiological, and behavioral responses tocope with various types of threats. For stimuli representing imminent physical danger, such responses might include
prioritized a ention towards the threat, intense fear evoked by the stimulus, and activation of sympathetic nervous
system in preparation for “ ght or ight”. Conversely, responses to threats such as contamination or pathogens are
mediated through the emotion of disgust and activation of the behavioral immune system. In our study, we focusedon several categories of disgusting stimuli, including spoiled food, parasites and other disgusting animals, symptomsof airborne diseases, and environmental pollution, and examined how they a ected participants’ a entional andphysiological response. In an eye-tracking experiment, the stimuli were used as task-irrelevant distractors during avisual search task, and their distracting properties were compared with pictures of leaves. e physiologicalmeasurement focused on changes in skin-conductance a er exposure to pictures of disgusting and control (leaf)
stimuli. Additionally, participants ranked the stimuli according to elicited disgust. Preliminary results show thatparticipants exhibit higher skin conductance and are more distracted (longer searching time) by stimuli that are
ranked as highly disgusting. However, there is a signi cant di erence between the stimuli categories. While most
pictures of spoiled food and parasites a ect participants' a ention and skin conductance, only a few speci c pictures
representing airborne diseases and environmental pollution di er signi cantly om the leaf control stimuli. issuggests limited transferability of adaptive responses to potentially poisonous substances to modern threats such as
toxic waste.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

SYMPOSIUM: APPLIED HUMAN ETHOLOGY

Elisabeth Oberzaucher1,2, Hidenori Komatsu3, Maryanne Fisher4, Pia Marlena Böhm1,2, Kathrin
Masuch1,2
1University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Urban Human, Vienna, Austria
3Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Kanagawa, Japan
4Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada

ABST

CT

One of the main strengths of human ethology is that it provides an immediate understanding of humans throughthe direct measurement of actual behaviour. Facing current challenges of globalisation, climate crisis, andurbanisation, this knowledge is essential to create behaviour se ings that facilitate behaviours counteracting
potentially arising problems.
In this symposium we will not only discuss how academic research can serve the development of solutions for societal
and global problems, but also show how integration of human ethology in industry and governmental researchcreates new possibilities for academics to pursue their research interests within and outside academia.
Individual contributions will be followed by a podium discussion.
Contributions:Elisabeth Oberzaucher “Change the World with Human Ethology – Science Outside Academia”
Hidenori Komatsu et al. “Nudging Can be Sophisticated with Evolutionary Insights: From Plastic Recycling toEnergy Conservation”
Maryanne Fisher et al. “Mimicry in Mating: An Analysis of Postural Mirroring in Mating and Non-Mating
Contexts”
Pia Marlena Böhm et al. “Art and Green Improve Urban Public Space”
Kathrin Masuch et al. “How Applied Ethology Helps to Change Mobility Behavior”________________________________________________________________________

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ISHE International Congress 2024
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Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

CHANGE THE WORLD WITH HUMAN ETHOLOGY – SCIENCE OUTSIDEACADEMIA

Elisabeth Oberzaucher1,2, Kathrin Masuch1,2, Susanne Schmehl2
1University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Urban Human, Vienna, Austria

ABST

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Academics focussing on Human Ethology seem to be limited to a career within academia, unlike scholars om more
technical elds. is perception leads to a limitation of communication of scienti c insights to stakeholders who
might bene t om them – om political, administrative, professional to the individual level. In addition, young
scientists are o en unaware of job opportunities outside of academia. e challenges humanity is faced withcurrently ask for a stronger integration of science in all aspects of our lives. Science communication reaching avariety of people – om children to old age, industry and governmental decision makers, etc. – is one way to makescienti c insights available to the general public. With citizen science, an understanding of how scienti c insights are
generated and thus how they are based on a more solid fundament than personal perceptions is fostered. By
collaboratively working with stake holders and addressing their questions in a scienti c fashion, science-inspired
solutions take the step om theory into real-life. We will provide examples of our activities and share knowledge
about practical issues in how to do science outside and alongside academia – and make a living of it.

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Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

NUDGING CAN BE SOPHISTICATED WITH EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS:
FROM PLASTIC RECYCLING TO ENERGY CONSERVATION

Hidenori Komatsu1, Nobuyuki Tanaka2, Hiromi Kubota2, Kenji Asano3, Yu Nagai3, Mariah Gri n4,
Jennifer Link5, Glenn Geher4, Maryanne L. Fisher6, Takahiro Ueno7, Hiroto Takaguchi8, Masaya
Tachibana9, Kazuyoshi Nasuhara9, Kimiya Murakami9
1Grid Innovation Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Kanagawa, Japan.
2Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japa
3Socio-Economic Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
4Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New York, USA
5Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
6Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia, Canada
7Faculty of Environmental Engineering,e University of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

8Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
9Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

ABST

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Nudging is a term coined in the context of Behavioral Economics to so ly motivate people to make be er choices
without forbidding any options. Although this concept emphasizes people’s intuitive decision-making relevant tohuman evolution, there has been no consistent theory for designing nudges, and the applications have been based ontrial and error. Evolutionary insights may provide a meta-theory that can help to design interventions moree ciently. To specify this new concept of what we call “Evolutionary Nudging,” we developed a messaging method
to promote the acceptance of technologies that might potentially be perceived to have risks, using insights obtainedom simulation models of altruistic evolution. e messages highlighted the indirect kin support of older
generations incurred in establishing these technologies for environmental sustainability. Signi cant intervention
e ects were identi ed in multiple countries (i.e., Japan, Canada, and the US) for topics such as plastic recycling ando shore wind power, suggesting the universality of these new nudging messages. We are currently planning to
expand these applications om a itude levels to the promotion of actual energy conservation behaviors, withpreliminary results also being discussed.

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Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

MIMICRY IN MATING: AN ANALYSIS OF POSTU L MIRRORING IN
MATING AND NON-MATING CONTEXTSAllison Dyer, Megan Doyle, Maryanne Fisher
Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada

ABST

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We conducted an observational study on the occurrence of postural mirroring in mating-relevant and non-matingrelevant contexts, focusing on its implications for irting behaviour. Postural mirroring, de ned as the mimicry of
another individual’s nonverbal behaviours, has been shown to signal engagement, openness to interpersonalconnection, likability, persuasiveness, and similarity. We hypothesise that postural mirroring would be moreprevalent in mating-relevant contexts, such as bars, compared to non-mating-relevant contexts, such as libraries.
e mating-relevant context was a popular urban bar known for facilitating mingling among young adults, while
the non-mate-relevant context was a university library. We created an ethogram and examined 10 behaviouralunits. Observations revealed a signi cantly higher equency of postural mirroring in mating-relevant contexts
compared to non-mating-relevant contexts, supporting our hypothesis. ese ndings have signi cant implications
for understanding non-verbal communication in irting scenarios and largely replicate past work. By shedding lighton the prevalence of postural mirroring in mate-relevant contexts, this research contributes to the academic
discourse on human ethology and provides valuable insights for interpersonal communication research. We will also
discuss challenges to performing such research in public locations.

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Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

ETHOLOGY AS A TOOL IN URBAN PLANNING

Pia Marlena Böhm1,2 (SFA), Margot Dehove3, Helmut Leder3,4, Jan Mikuni3, Mona Magloth1,2,Katharina Prager1,2, Sabine Tebbich1, Elisabeth Oberzaucher1,2,3
1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Urban Human, Vienna, Austria
3Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
4Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

ABST

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In this talk we present results of the interdisciplinary WWTF project “Urban Art and Green”. One of the key
measures to mitigate climate crisis is urbanization, therefore it is crucial to understand how cities a ect people’s
perception and wellbeing. Understanding our evolutionary nature can advise successful design of urban public
spaces that facilitate acceptance and usage by citizens and create favorable social environments. e bene ts ofurban vegetation and greenery, not only for the city’s climate but also for the wellbeing of inhabitants are wellstudied – nature makes us calmer, more social, and healthier. However, recent studies indicate that artworks could
have similar positive e ects on human wellbeing. Despite this, the e ect of art in urban se ings has received li lescienti c a ention. Our project investigates e ects of art and greening interventions on humans in public space.
roughout a series of eld studies, we directly compared art and green using two spatially exible and temporarily
available parking-lot sized ‘interventions’, decorated with di erent artistic stimuli and plants through A)
observation of pedestrians’ behaviour around the various interventions, B) physiological measurements of arousal(HR; HRV; SC; ST), C) participants’ eye-movements and D) self-assessed wellbeing.
Behavioral observations and physiological measurements did not yield any di erences between the art and green
conditions. Reported wellbeing seemed to be a ected by the perceived relevance and beauty of artworks.
Our results highlight the importance of natural and aesthetically stimulating elements for appealing urban
landscapes and are actively communicated in urban planning commi ees, resulting in direct application in ongoing
design processes.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
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Symposium: Applied Human Ethology
13 July 2024

HOW APPLIED ETHOLOGY HELPS TO CHANGE MOBILITY BEHAVIOUR

Kathrin Masuch1,2 (SFA), Susanne Schmehl2, Elisabeth Oberzaucher1,2
1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Urban Human, Vienna, Austria

ABST

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Motorised private transport accounts for about 10% of the yearly global CO2 emissions. Mitigation of the climate
crisis requires a substantial reduction of tra c emissions. One way to make mobility more sustainable is to increase
the use of public transport. To change people’s mobility behavior, a combination of multiple approaches is needed:
Availability and accessibility of public transport as a basic prerequisite, and the a ordability and true costs ofdi erent modes of transport need to be addressed on a societal and political level. Designing behaviour interfaces
centred on human behavior tendencies and preferences addresses the individual level. A ractive design of public
transport needs to be inspired by knowledge about evolved human behaviour. We will show examples of applied
human ethology in mobility research and illustrate its impact on passenger experience and acceptance. Projects
include: A) Integrating train stations into everyday life through multifunctional design, B) Adaptations in platform
design for improved passenger ow, C) Information gathering along a journey with public transport, D) Interior
design of vehicles to improve passenger experience and functionality, E) How to improve sleep-quality andexperience on the night train. e projects are funded by national and international railway operators, communes
and the Austrian government (Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), Deutsche Bahn AG, Wiener Linien GmbH &Co KG, Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) Projects 887695, 886066 and 893964).

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Sunday, 14 July 2024

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Plenary Talk
14 July 2024

DARWINIAN BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACHES TO MATERNAL-CHILDHEALTH

Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook
University of California Merced, Merced, USA

ABST

CT

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of incredible transition during which environmental factors canexert enduring phenotypic impacts on both mothers and children. In this talk, I will present a biopsychosocial
evolutionary approach to understanding maternal-child health outcomes, including pubertal timing, growth, andpostpartum depression. A key takeaway will be the idea that perceptions, a itudes, and feelings (e.g., subjective
stress) o en function as intermediaries through which aspects of the environment direct human phenotypes andtransmit experience across generations. For example, I will discuss current models of the role of the environmental
sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on prenatal programming. Finally, I will discuss how
mismatches between the modern world and the ancestral past can lead to negative health consequences.

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Session 3: Individual Di erences
14 July 2024

NEUROTICISM, NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATES, AND FOOD CHOICE
MOTIVATIONS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM HUMAN ETHOLOGY

Lucas Schirmer (SFA), Jean Natividade
PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABST

CT

Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) play a signi cant role in shaping eating
behavior, re ecting both evolutionary adaptations and modern in uences. A hypothesis for the preference for highcalorie foods (i.e., rich in fats and carbohydrates) suggests these were more sought a er and consumed by ancestors
during stressful situations. is preference for calorie-dense foods during periods of emotional distress may similarly
manifest in individuals with higher propensities towards negative emotions, leading to unhealthy food choices. is
study explores the correlation between neuroticism, negative emotional states, food behavior, and food choice
motivations. For that, 449 Brazilian adults, predominantly women (85.3%), mean age of 35.4 years (SD = 12.4),
completed a questionnaire with instruments to assess the Big-5 factors of personality, DAS, eating behavior, andfood choice motivations. Results showed negative correlations between neuroticism, DAS, and uit/vegetableconsumption. Our ndings align with the evolutionary perspective, suggesting that our eating behaviors are
in uenced by factors shaped throughout human evolution. However, they may lead to less healthy eating choices incontemporary environments, re ecting a mismatch between evolutionary demands and modern challenges. Also,
negative relationships between neuroticism, DAS, and food motivations related to natural content and ethicalconcerns were observed. is suggests these emotional states are related to less ethical and health-driven foodchoices. is research emphasizes the importance of considering the evolutionary perspective when investigating therelationships between personality, emotions, and eating behavior. By be er understanding these connections, we candevelop e ective interventions to encourage healthy eating habits and emotional health.

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Session 3: Individual Di erences
14 July 2024

CAN WE QUANTIFY LONELINESS?

Nicholas Gray (SFA)
University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

ABST

CT

With well-established loneliness scales, such as the UCLA-Loneliness Scale (Version 3), existing, gauging lonelinessshould be straightforward. However, there is a lack of research in establishing where on these scales an individual is“lonely”. ere are multiple studies using benchmarks, but with no explanation of their origins. Other studies baseloneliness o an arbitrary grouping of scores (i.e. in a scale with the highest total being 10, scores of 7.5 – 10 arevery lonely, 5 – 7.5 are moderately lonely, and so on). Finally, some studies use the mean. However, the meanchanges over time, among groups, and studies. e need for a study speci cally focussing on nding where an
individual is lonely is apparent. is study will look at multiple scales stemming om the UCLA-Loneliness Scale,including a 20, 10, and 3 item version. is will also allow for categorical data om di erent versions of the scale tobe loosely compared. Capturing the subjective aspects of loneliness is important in indicating any lonelinessbenchmark. is can be done through self-reporting as feeling lonely, although this is o en biased. Additionally, atext analysis of how individuals describe loneliness and their experiences may correlate with speci c scores. Finally,
components of the biological happenings of loneliness have been identi ed and can be monitored. Such happenings
include cortisol, which could rise more in lonely individual when socialising than non-lonely individuals. Overall,using subjective reporting, text analysis, and biomarkers, the benchmark for loneliness should be applicable acrossmultiple scales.

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Session 3: Individual Di erences
14 July 2024

EXAMINING PARENTAL INVESTMENT DYNAMICS IN TWIN FAMILIES:INSIGHTS FROM A TRIADIC EXPERIMENTAL TASK

Isabella Ferreira (SFA), Flavia Ito, Briseida Resende, Emma O a
Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

ABST

CT

We aim to investigate di erential parental treatment (DPT) in families with twins aged 7-14 years. A Triadic
Experimental Task was created to simulate everyday situations in which twins sit side by side, each one with apuzzle in ont of them, and mother/father stays between the twins and can choose to help them or not. A total of
180 seconds out of 10 minutes of recorded interaction were analyzed. e interobserver reliability was above
0.9. Parental treatment for each twin was assessed by combining the durations of the behavioral categories“observation without interference”, “interference with the puzzle”, and “oral communication” and DPT score wascalculated by subtracting the parental treatment for twins 1 and 2. In these preliminary interpair analyses with 7
monozygotic (MZ), 5 dizygotic of same-sex (DZSS) and 4 dizygotic of opposite-sex (DZOP) pairs, we tested the
hypothesis that zygosity and sex predict DPT. No signi cant DPT di erences were observed among the groups(U= 1,497, p = 0,473). We also performed an exploratory analysis with 5 triads to examine DPT in twins with
dissimilar health conditions. ere is a favoritism towards the more vulnerable twin (T= -2,02, p = 0,04), which
can be explained by the Contingent Model of Parental Investment. e study of twin families provides anopportunity to explore the nuances of parental investment and can contribute to parental practices and childdevelopment. Further analyses will be conducted with a larger sample and taking into account other variables suchas children's birth weight and parents' socioeconomic status.

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Session 3: Individual Di erences
14 July 2024

TWIN RESEARCH IN NATU LISTIC AND SEMI-NATU
CONTEXTLISTIC

Nancy L. Segal
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, USA

ABST

CT

Twins reveal a wealth of information about human behavior just by acting naturally. Comparative analyses ofmonozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs set within naturalistic and semi-naturalistic contexts will be
described. A semi-naturalistic study that incorporated virtual twins (i.e., pairs of same-age unrelated children reared
together since early infancy) o ers additional perspectives. e unique feature of these studies is that the unit ofanalysis is the joint behavior of the pairs, rather than the degree of similarity between the co-twins. Ethologicalstudies of human behavior using twins have reported ndings on fear of strangers (comfort vs. discomfort), joint
puzzle completion (cooperation vs. competition), social closeness (physical proximity/interaction vs. physicaldistance/lack of interaction), prisoner’s dilemma (cooperation vs. defection), social preference (cotwin vs. peer),
empathy (twin vs. stranger), maternal favoritism (healthy vs. sickly infant), tacit coordination (coordinated vs.
uncoordinated choices), and reunions of young separated twins (interest/a raction vs. disinterest/li le a raction).
Some studies were completed by the presenter, while others come om the extant literature. ese studies will be
described, and new empirical data om ongoing research on tacit coordination will be presented. e relativein equency of ethologically-based twin studies will be considered, compared with the wealth of experimental twin
research. Twin-based projects for future investigations will be suggested. Genetically and environmentally
informative twin and “twin-like” kinships, that would add to what we know, and can know, om naturalistic
studies of twins include unrelated look-alikes and adult reared-apart twins.

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Session 4: Facial Perception
15 July 2024

DO STEREOTYPES SHAPE OUR PERCEPTIONS OF MEN AND WOMEN? A
LARGE CROSS-CULTU L STUDY

Ian Stephen
Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

ABST

CT

In a number of previous studies, authors have argued that gendered stereotypes shape how we perceive men andwomen, with men typically seen as more aggressive, dominant, and intelligent than women, and women morecaring and trustworthy than men. In a large study, over 11,000 participants om 43 countries around the world
rated 120 faces on 13 di erent traits. Using linear mixed modelling, I examine di erences in how men and womenare perceived om their faces in di erent countries, and discuss how these biases are associated with gendered
stereotypes and gender equality.

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Session 4: Facial Perception
15 July 2024

THE IMPACT OF FACIAL MALFORMATIONS ON VISUAL A ENTION TO
INFANT FACES

Amanda Hahn1, Rachael Kee1,2, K. J. Jantzen3
1Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA
2UC Davis, Davis, USA
3Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA

ABST

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Infant faces have been shown to readily capture adult visual a ention, likely due to their importance evolutionarily
in facilitating bonds with caregivers and allocation of parental resources. Cues of low health are associated with alower degree of parental a ention and care and the presence of facial malformations, such as cle lip/palate,
negatively impact early interactions between children and their caregivers. However, it remains unclear how suchfacial malformations may impact early visual a ention and processing. e current study used eye tracking toinvestigate adults' visual a ention to infant faces with cle lip/palate as compared to una ected infant faces (study1) and the impact of palate repair surgery on visual a ention (study 2). e mouth region of infant faces was foundto capture and hold visual a ention to a greater degree for infants with cle lip/palate compared to una ected
infants, at the expense of visual a ention to the eyes. Similarly, visual a ention was captured and held by the mouth
region for infants before palate repair surgery compared to a er palate repair surgery. ese results demonstrate asigni cant decrease in early visual a ention to the eye region for infants with cle palate, while increased visuala ention is registered on the mouth region and further suggest that palate repair surgery may restore morenormative visual a ention. ese processing di erences may contribute to several important aspects of development(e.g., joint a ention) and may play a vital role in the previously observed di culties in mother-infant interactions.

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Session 4: Facial Perception
15 July 2024

THE PROSOCIAL EFFECTS OF WATCHING EYES EXTEND TO SHOPPINGCART RETURN BEHAVIORFrancesca Messina (SFA), Nathan Boone, Maria Fragoso Caldaza, Shairy Jimenez-Delgado, Rayann
Elka Medina, Ryan Bish, David Harris, Alice Zhang, Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Watching eyes are powerful stimuli–they quickly capture a ention and evoke physiological arousal. Humans are
particularly adept at perceiving another’s gaze, and can even be a ected by watching eyes that they are notconsciously aware of. Recent research suggests that watching eye cues can promote a variety of low-cost prosocial
behaviors, inside and outside lab se ings. e presence of eye images may alter behavior by reducing feelings ofanonymity and cueing reputation maintenance concerns. e current study investigated whether the presence ofwatching-eye images a ected how equently shoppers returned carts to designated return areas. A poster standdisplaying images of watching eyes (or a control image of shopping carts) was placed just outside the exit of a local
grocery store, and the equency of shopping cart returns was observed and recorded. e results demonstrate thatshoppers (N = 409) were signi cantly more likely to return their carts when the eye image was displayed, incomparison to the control image. Shoppers returned their carts about 64% of the time when the control image wasdisplayed, compared to 78% when the eye image was displayed. ese results support the external validity ofwatching-eye cues when applied to a commonplace behavior such as returning a shopping cart.

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Session 5: Evolutionary Psychiatry
14 July 2024

EVOLUTION OF "PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS" AND AN ETHOLOGICALAPPROACH FOR TREATING PATIENTS WITH "PSYCHIATRICDISORDERS"Mark Bernstein
Private practice, Warminster, USA
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (Retired), Philadelphia, USA

ABST

CT

is presentation provides evidence that psychiatric symptoms may have evolved as adaptations to an omnivorous
way of life rather than representing psychiatric disorders. It also introduces a novel ethological approach for treating
people with these kinds of "symptoms".
In caged groups, white-faced monkeys (Cebus capucinus) tend to develop highly individual, peculiar, habitual
behavior pa erns di erent om the usual white-faced monkey repertoire of signals. Moynihan has labeled thesepeculiar behavior pa erns "quirks". A comparative study with other New World monkeys in caged groups suggests
this propensity is much greater for white-faced monkeys, an omnivorous species, than for other species which are notomnivorous. While the tendency to develop quirks appears to be general, the propensity for each species correlateswith the social structures evolved for inhabiting each niche.
Informed by the study of the white-faced monkey quirks, I have e ectively employed an ethological approach in mypsychiatric practice for treating patients with a variety of "psychiatric disorders" including obsessive-compulsive
pa erns, anxiety, panic, and depression. Combined with the white-faced monkey study, these results suggest thatthese behavior pa erns have evolved in humans as adaptations to an omnivorous way of life rather thanrepresenting disorders. e implications of this conclusion for psychiatry and for us as humans will also be
discussed.

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Session 5: Evolutionary Psychiatry
14 July 2024

AN ADAPTATIONIST PERSPECTIVE FOR TRYPOPHOBIA: WHY CONTEXTMAERS

R. Nathan Pipitone1, Michał Stefańczyk2, Chris DiMa ina1
1Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
2University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

ABST

CT

Trypophobia is the discomfort that some people have when viewing small clusters of objects (o en holes) and is arelatively new phenomenon known to the scienti c community. Recent research suggests that this seemingly
irrational response may function to avoid evolutionarily-relevant situations, and two adaptive ameworks currently
exist in an a empt to explain this response. First, we will brie y review our work which tests what visualcharacteristics lead to the biggest changes in trypophobic visual discomfort. en, we will review recent work whichshows how avoiding skin disease / parasitism may be the likely culprit to this response. Last, we will discuss how
image context plays a pivotal role in manifesting these outcomes, with an examination of our recent project whichinvestigates how viewing trypophobic imagery among three di erent manipulated scenarios (contexts) impacts
discomfort levels, and how individual levels of trypophobic tendencies, as measured by the Trypophobia
Questionnaire (TQ), impact judgements.

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Session 5: Evolutionary Psychiatry
14 July 2024

BEHAVIO L AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AS A FUNCTION OF
DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG B ZILIAN CHILDREN

Lilian Cristina Luchesi1, Pedro Alves Sironi1, Julia Gomes Freitas2, Fausto Medeiros Mendes2, Emma
O a1
1Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

ABST

CT

Dental anxiety (DA) is a prevalent emotion experienced by children worldwide, with potential implications fortheir oral health due to avoidance of dental treatment. Individuals experiencing DA o en exhibit behaviors
associated with ght-or- ight responses. Aiming to investigate the in uence of anxiety and sex on reactions to thedental environment, we observed 20 twins (aged 10±3.3 years) divided into Low (LA) and High Anxiety (HA)
groups, equally distributed by sex, during their rst dental appointment. We employed the Modi ed Child Dental
Anxiety Scale (MCDASf) and captured one facial thermographic image before treatment, focusing on three areasof interest: nose, ear, and forehead, and recorded their behavior for one minute. e observed behaviors included
touching either their own body or equipment smiling, talking, and displaying tension. Regardless of sex,equency of behaviors was di erent between HA and LA children, X2=17.439, p=0.004. As expected, HA
children exhibited greater awareness of their surroundings, more equently looking around and talking. Conversely,
LA children were more focused on touching parts of their bodies, such as hair, hands, arms, or equipment.
Additionally, HA children displayed lower nose and forehead temperatures compared to LA children, and the samepa ern was observed when comparing males to females. Further analysis will involve a larger sample size tocompare twin siblings and assess the in uences of zygosity and previous experiences on their reactions to dental
treatment. is study provides insights into behavioral pa erns in HA and LA children and identi es factors that
may in uence DA, contributing to more e ective clinical practice.
Funding: FAPESP________________________________________________________________________

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ISHE International Congress 2024
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Monday, 15 July 2024

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Plenary Talk
15 July 2024

SEASONAL CYCLES IN HUMAN COGNITION AND BEHAVIORMark Schaller
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

ABST

CT

Like many other animals, humans are a ected by seasons. I will provide an illustrative summary of the variety ofe ects that seasons have on people, including e ects on behavioral decision-making (e.g., mating behavior, helping
behavior), subjective preferences (music preferences, color preferences) and basic cognitive processes (a ention,
memory). ese e ects result om a variety of underlying causal mechanisms, re ecting not only seasonal changes
in the weather, but also seasonal changes in the natural and social ecologies that humans inhabit. As a further
illustration of humans’ susceptibility to seasonal cycles, and the potentially important consequences, I will describe
new research documenting seasonal cycles in prejudices and moral values.

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Session 6: Cultural Variation
15 July 2024

THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND FOLK NAR TIVES IN
HUMAN/WILDLIFE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Okechukwu Iroegbu (SFA)
University of California, Berkeley, USA

ABST

CT

Folkloric elements in Igboland play a signi cant role in shaping social history and informing the negotiation ofenvironmental, local, and national values. e interplay between expressive and non-expressive aspects of theculture(s) makes possible connections between individuals, individuals and groups, and between groups. In thisinvestigation, I explore whether the presence or absence of folklore forms such as proverbs and moonlight folktales
help younger generations develop a sense of value, belonging, identity, and concern for the environment. Does thisapply to the Igbo youth of today? In short, how does folklore contribute to enculturation on di erent scales, om thelocal to the national, and for other generations, and how does that inform environmentalism at various levels?

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Session 6: Cultural Variation
15 July 2024

EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES ON PREGNANCY AVERSIONS AND
FOOD TABOOS

Kateřina Roberts (SFA)
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

ABST

CT

Food aversions during pregnancy are quite common and are hypothesised to work as a protective mechanism forboth the mother and the developing foetus. While these aversions manifest as physical sensations, they also intersectwith cultural practices. In various societies, there are speci c food taboos during pregnancy, where expectant
mothers are discouraged om consuming certain foods. ese taboos stem om beliefs that such foods could
negatively impact the labour process, the health of the baby, or even in uence the child's personality. I will present atheoretical exploration of pregnancy food aversions and taboos through an evolutionary amework. is includes
an analysis and summary of scholarly articles om countries including Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Fiji, andSouth India. e study seeks to understand whether these dietary practices during pregnancy-re ected through bothbiological aversions and culturally speci c taboos - can be interpreted as evolutionary adaptations designed toprotect the mother and developing foetus om potentially harmful substances. By synthesizing existing literature,
this research explores the potential relationship between biological phenomena and cultural practices, assessing
their support for adaptive hypotheses. is analytical approach o ers valuable insights into the intersection of
biological phenomena and cultural practices, se ing the stage for discussion and future empirical studies to test
these theoretical predictions.

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Session 6: Cultural Variation
15 July 2024

UNEARTHING THE FOUNDATIONS: TESTING THE UNIVERSALITY OF
MO L FOUNDATIONS THEORY IN THREE NON-INDUSTRIALISEDPOPULATIONS

Michal Misiak1, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura2, Marina Butovskaya3, Maciej Karwowski1, Piotr
Sorokowski1
1University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
2University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
3Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABST

CT

e Moral Foundations eory (MFT) stands out as a leading contemporary amework for understanding
morality, proposing ve categories found across human cultures: Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity.
Despite claims of universality, most of the evidence supporting MFT comes om rich and democratic societies. is
study steps into previously unexplored territory by examining MFT in non-industrialised populations: the Hadza
hunter-gatherers, Datoga pastoralists, and Iraqw farmers. Con rming the presence of these ve moral foundations
in such populations could bolster claims of cultural universality. To address the challenge of studying illiterate
individuals, we devised a novel method Moral Foundations Boards employing pictorial representations ofmoral violations. Our research encompassed both non-industrialized populations and, for comparison, US citizens.
While our ndings did not align precisely with MFT's proposed structure of morality, they allowed us to notice
important cross-cultural variation. For example, individuals om non-industrialised populations exhibited agreater sensitivity towards violations of the Purity foundation. Our results do not fully support the structure of theMoral Foundations eory, but the study provides clues for further research on the cross-cultural determinants ofmorality.

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Session 6: Cultural Variation
15 July 2024

FEAR OF SNAKES IN THE CDLE OF HUMANKIND: VIPERS VS COB

SDaniel Frynta1, Hassan Elmi1,2, Iveta Štolhoferová1, Veronika Rudolfová1, Markéta Janovcová1,Kateřina Rexová1, David Sommer1, David Král1, Daniel Berti1, Eva Landová1, Petra Frýdlová1
1Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
2Amoud University, Borama, Somaliland

ABST

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Snakes are recognized as highly fear-evoking animals, eliciting preferential a ention and fast detection in humans.
is phenomenon is typically a ributed to the evolutionary experiences of human ancestors with snakes. We
focused our research on the cradle of humankind and conducted our investigation in the Horn of A ica. is regionis characterized by occurrence of various snakes, including deadly venomous viperids (adders) and elapids (cobras
and mambas). As the snake fauna of the region has remained stable since the late Miocene, local people face similar
threats to those encountered by early humans. As a control, we included respondents om a WEIRD population
with li le experience with A ican snakes, namely Europeans (Czechs). Here, we summarize the results of a series ofexperiments evaluating fear of (1) local snakes, (2) vipers, cobras, sand-boas, and colubrids, (3) their silhoue es,(4) New World snakes, and (5) threatening snakes. To compare the subjective fear of individual stimuli, we
employed a well-established picture-sorting approach. e high subjective fear was con ned to certain categories ofsnakes (taxa or morphotypes), rather than to species locally representing the highest danger. In both A ican andEuropean data sets vipers occupied the highest positions according to the reported level of subjectively perceived fear.
e high fear of vipers strongly contrasts with the fear ranking of deadly venomous elapids (if not hooding), whichwere in lower positions. e best morphological predictor of the evoked fear was the body width of the snake. We
discuss the evolutionary, cultural, and cognitive aspects of the results.

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Session 7: Behavioral Immune System
15 July 2024

ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDEMIC STORIES AS A PROTECTION OF
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Kiriakos Chatzipentidis (SFA), Piotr Sorokowski
Department of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

ABST

CT

Epidemics, like the recent COVID-19, are humanity's deadliest disasters, impacting societies across health,psychology, social, and economic domains. A unique legacy of devastating infectious diseases, found across cultures,are epidemic stories explaining disease ethology and providing behavior guidelines during outbreaks. is aligns
with the theory that storytelling, a universal human behavior, serves as an adaptation increasing chances of groupsurvival by transmi ing tness-relevant information. We tested this premise among indigenous Asmat people inSouthPapua, Indonesia (n = 100, Mage = 43.38 , SDage = 15.42). e relationship between knowing stories ofpast infectious diseases and being a aid of the COVID-19 was assessed only for participants aware that there wasa COVID-19 in Papua and in the world (n = 87). Knowledge of epidemic stories was positively associated with
both: (1) being a aid of the COVID-19, r(85) = .38 [.18, .55], p < .001, and (2) social isolation, r(85) = .25[.04, .44], p = .020. Next, social isolation was compared between participants who knew stories with isolation
recommendations when facing contagious diseases (n = 11) and participants who knew stories about contagious
diseases but without isolation recommendations (n =76). On average, participants knowing isolation stories (M =4.50, SD = 0.39) declared higher social isolation during COVID-19 than participants who did not know stories
with isolation recommendations (M = 3.20, SD = 1.80), Welch’s t(74) = 5.48, p < .001, Cohen's d = .999. e
outcomes support the hypothesis that epidemic stories may function as an adaptation for survival.

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Session 7: Behavioral Immune System
15 July 2024

THE IMPRINT OF ANCEST L AND MODERN THREATS IN THE HUMAN
MIND - THE EXPERIENCE OF FEAR, DISGUST AND ANGER

Eva Landová1,2, Šárka Peléšková1, Jakub Polák1,3, Markéta Janovcová1, Aleksandra Chomik1, Kristýna
Sedláčková1,2, Tereza Hladíková1, Iveta Štolhoferová1, Daniel Frynta1
1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
2National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
3Department of Economy and Management, Ambis University, Prague, Czech Republic

ABST

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reats to human life are o en posed by the environment in which humans have evolved or live today. Animal andhuman ancestors developed complex physiological and behavioural response systems to cope with two types of
threats: immediate physical harm om predators or conspeci cs, triggering fear, and the risk of infections omparasites and pathogens leading to the evolution of the behavioural immune system (BIS) with disgust as the key
emotion. Previously, we explored the emotions (disgust and fear) evoked by snakes representing the ancestral threat
in the human mind. Here we asked whether BIS has adapted to protect us today om pandemic risks or poisoningby modern toxic substances.
We have developed a survey comprised of 60 vigne es describing threats evoking fear and disgust belonging to oneof the three main categories of threats: (1) ancestral, (2) modern, and (3) pandemics of airborne disease. Eachvigne e was evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale based on fear, disgust, and anger.
e results show that the strongest fear is triggered by modern threats (electricity, car accidents), while the highest
disgust is evoked by ancient threats (body waste products, worms). Disgust does not respond to modern threatstimuli such as toxic substances or radioactivity as these evoke mainly fear and anger. Finally, distinct response
pa ern was found for pandemic threats, in which both fear (disease and death) and disgust (used face masks) are
employed. Ancestral threats are not always more powerful stimuli than adequate threats of the modern type, butthey function speci cally.

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Session 7: Behavioral Immune System
15 July 2024

DOES TRIGGERING THE BEHAVIOU

L IMMUNE SYSTEM INFLUENCESPATIAL PROXIMITY?

S. Craig Roberts1, Kateřina Roberts2, Jan Havlíček2, Agnieszka Sorokowska3, Piotr Sorokowski3
1University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
2Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
3University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

ABST

CT

e behavioral immune system is thought to re ect a series of psychological mechanisms to detect and avoid
potential sources of pathogens. When individuals perceive cues associated with potential pathogens, they o enexperience feelings of disgust and aversion, which motivate them to avoid contact with the source of contamination.
For example, people may avoid sick individuals or environments that seem unclean. Here we investigated whether
exposure to such cues would in uence social proximity in interactions between uninfected people. In two
experiments (n = 143 and 180; both conducted pre-COVID), we asked people to look at images that manipulated
pathogen threat and then measured how closely they approached a confederate in a subsequent interaction. We willshow that, in both studies, triggering disgust increased subsequent social distancing. We will also examine thepotential e ects of participant sex, perceived vulnerability to disease, and women’s contraceptive use on social
distancing.

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Session 8: Evolution of Art
14 July 2024

EMPIRICAL VERIFICATION OF ART AS AN ADAPTATION HYPOTHESIS:A CASE STUDY OF WOODCARVERS IN ASMAT (PAPUA)

Piotr Sorokowski1, Marta Kowal1, Jerzy Luty1, Wiktoria Jędryczka1, Craig Roberts2, Anjan
Cha erjee3, Stephen Davies4
1University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
2University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
3University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
4University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

ABST

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Archeological studies provide evidence that art was a well-known activity even 400,000-500,000 years ago. is
has not changed with time – people spontaneously create artistic works om an early age. Some even master artistic
skills to such pro ciency that they are called artists. Considering the ubiquitous nature of art, many evolutionaryoriented scholars have pondered over the potential role of art, coining the art-as-an-adaptation and by-product ofadaptation hypotheses. Surprisingly, very few have a empted to verify this empirically. We addressed this issue andchecked whether art can be an adaptation, whether it is a by-product of an adaptation (also known as a spandrel),or whether it is not related to adaptability. We collected data om indigenous inhabitants of Papua (Asmat andKamoro society), including 101 self-described carvers (artists) and 130 non-artists. e results showed that 1)
artists did, indeed, have higher reproductive success (measured by the number of their children) than non-artists,
but 2) this relationship could be fully explained by artists’ higher conscientiousness and creativity (but not visuomotor coordination). In other words, conscientiousness and creativity could be driving forces behind artists’ be er
reproductive outcomes. To our knowledge, our study is the rst to empirically test one of the most pressing
evolutionary aesthetics conundrums, providing preliminary evidence that art might not be an adaptation but a byproduct or spandrel of other adaptive traits.

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Session 8: Evolution of Art
14 July 2024

THE COLLECTOR'S HYPOTHESIS: GREATER BENEFITS FROM ART INSEXUAL SELECTION FOR COLLECTORS THAN FOR ARTISTS

Jerzy Luty, Piotr Sorokowski
University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

ABST

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Human fascination with art has deep evolutionary roots, yet its signi cance remains a challenge for theory due to its
universal presence across cultures despite a lack of apparent survival value. At the same time, art poses a major
challenge for evolutionary theory (Davies, 2012; Tooby & Cosmides, 2001). On the one hand, it is as universal
across human cultures as it is costly, which suggests it is an adaptation (Dissanayake, 2019; Du on, 2009). On theother hand, it has no apparent value for survival (Miller, 2011; except for storytelling: Carroll, 2004; Mellmann,2012).
One way evolutionary theory can tackle the mystery of art is to focus on art as a reproductive, rather than survival,
adaptation (Miller, 2011). While paintings, sculptures, and other artistic works may have no practical use, they
demand ingenuity, dexterity, and other features that signal tness. It is perhaps surprising that, despite many
publications in this area (e.g., Miller, 2001, 2011; Varella et al., 2022; Voland & Grammer, 2003), there is a lackof research explicitly testing the adaptive role of practicing art and its impact on an artist’s potential reproductive
success.
In this paper, we propose a new variant of the signaling theory, which we call the Collector’s Hypothesis, suggestingthat artworks serve as indicators of collectors’ surplus wealth and social status, bene ting them more than artists inmating and reproductive contexts. Since very few have a empted to verify this empirically, further research indiverse cultural contexts is needed.

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Session 8: Evolution of Art
14 July 2024

PRELIMINARY OF ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE STAR
MOUNTAINS, INDONESIA

Marian Vanhaeren1, Wulf Schiefenhövel2
1CNRS, UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
2Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen-Starnberg, Germany

ABST

CT

Regions where traditional preliterate societies have come into closer contact with the global world only a generationor two ago are rare. Some parts of the interior of the large island of New Guinea belong to this category. e processof acculturation, triggered by whole communities accepting Christianity, has been and still is quite dramatic,
probably faster than anywhere else. For some communities it took just one generation, 25 years, for Bahasa
Indonesia to be widely used as a vernacular language. Despite profound socio-cultural changes, much of the life in
the formerly remote mountain valleys has remained li le altered. is is an ideal situation for ethno-archaeologicalresearch because the local inhabitants still know and master the traditional techniques of survival and subsistence.
For example, the knapping of stone into adze blades is still going on, probably the only place in the world. For
archaeological science, this represents a unique opportunity to not only document the di erent steps of lithic
production, its chaîne opératoire and social aspects like the di erent roles of helpers, apprentices and masterknappers, but also the distribution/exchange of the blades as well as symbolic and ritual behaviours connected tothis activity. Ethno-archaeological research in the Star Mountain region of New Guinea can be conducted in close
temporal and socio-cultural proximity to autochthonous life styles. is and other examples may help shed light ontechnologies, life styles and behaviours of the more distant past for which only archaeological traces remain.

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Session 8: Evolution of Art
14 July 2024

HOW IMITATION DRIVES INNOVATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF
THE CULTU L EVOLUTION OF A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARTEFACT

Peter Koutsos (SFA), Petr Tureček
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

ABST

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In an experiment in which participants had to place a dot exactly between two presented points we have shown thatthe precision decreases with the distance between the points.
Following this nding, it has become apparent that the way we think about the cultural equivalent of biologicalinheritance needs to be restructured to consider the question of variance proportionality. Our aim is to examine
whether a parental variability-dependent model of cultural inheritance more accurately represents how humaninnovation and imitation works.
In order to apply these ndings to wider contexts and to test their ecological validity, we devised a novel
experimental paradigm that allows us to parametrize and monitor changes in multidimensional cultural artefacts
within a standard transmission-chain experiment. Using an intuitive graphical user interface, participants aretasked with generating a model, based on one of three tasks. Here we focus on a task that resembles the above
mentioned midpoint estimation generalized to multidimensional artefact. e model is then printed on a 3D
printer, and its physical form can serve as a “cultural parent” of the next generation.
We revealed that most ndings do generalize om 2 to 8 dimensions. e imitation error is proportional to parental
variance. However, when there is no parental variance along some of the dimensions, participants do not imitate
precisely, but explore the unexpressed dimensions.
Imitation - even when precision is the goal - can therefore generate unexpected novelty.

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Tuesday, 16 July 2024

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Plenary Talk
16 July 2024

THE MOTORIC AND COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF EVOLVINGDIALECTICAL DIFFERENCES

McNeel Jantzen
Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA

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Language, like all tools, must evolve and be shaped to t the need(s) of the user(s) and the demands of theenvironment in which it is being used. During these “language evolutions”, we observe numerous dialectical shi s
and di erences within language behaviors. Such di erences refer to variations of language and communication
across geographic regions, social groups, and cultural backgrounds. ey include variations of language behaviors
related to articulation/pronunciation, grammar/syntax, lexicon/vocabulary, and the use of nonverbal
communication such as gestures and body language. First I will focus on the underlying cognitive mechanisms that
support each of these language behaviors and their role in directing and guiding them as they shi to meet both thedemands of the linguistic environment and goals of the speaker. Next I will discuss the motor system, within thecontext of perception and action, as it relates to the social cognitive aspects of language as a synchronizedinteraction between speakers. Finally, I will explain the role of embodied cognition on these language behaviors as
they shi over time and the importance of engaging in it in order for a successful dialectical transition to occur.

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Session 9: Romantic Relationships
16 July 2024

THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN ROMANTIC LOVE AND CULTURE AND
ENVIRONMENT: DATA FROM 61,065 INDIVIDUALS FROM 82
COUNTRIES

Marta Kowal
University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland

ABST

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Love accompanies humans om early childhood to late adulthood, permeating almost all aspects of human life.
Love manifests in various forms and shades, including parental, sibling, iendship, and romantic love. e present
project focused on the la er–romantic love, measured with the short version of the Triangular Love Scale(TLS-15). Our goal was to explore the potential in uence of cultural and environmental factors operationalized
through indexes of gender equality, individualism, and historical pathogen prevalence on experiences of romantic
love. We relied on the Triangular eory of Love, which posits that love comprises three components: intimacy,
passion, and commitment. Drawing om a vast cross-cultural sample of 118,715 participants spanning 175
nations, among whom 61,065 individuals om 82 countries were in romantic relationships and were included in
the analyses, our ndings o er intriguing insights into the interplay between romantic love and cultural andenvironmental factors, both on a country- and individual-levels. For instance, we observed a nuanced relationshipbetween individualism and commitment, with individuals om more individualistic countries reporting higher
levels of commitment (country-level), yet paradoxically, individuals holding less individualistic viewpoints(individual-level) reported higher commitment. ese ndings highlight the importance of studying romantic love
experiences within cultural and environmental contexts both at the country- and individual-levels. Also, while thefoundations of love are commonly believed to be rooted in human physiology, cultural and environmental conditions
might, to some extent, in uence love’s experiences.

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Session 9: Romantic Relationships
16 July 2024

INSIGHTS FROM JEALOUSY NON-VERBAL EXPRESSIONS FOR
IMPROVING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Ana Maria Fernandez
University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile

ABST

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Human ethology provides profound insights into understanding interpersonal relationships and prosocial behavior,
with foundational contributions om scholars like John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Bowlby's work on earlymother-infant a achment laid the groundwork for interpreting ethological principles underlying a achment
behaviors. Ainsworth's "strange situation" methodology further re ned observational paradigms, enabling thesystematic categorization of a achment styles. Building upon this foundation, our lab has extended the scope ofhuman ethology by investigating jealousy responses in children. Utilizing Sybille Hart´s jealousy induction
paradigm, we have characterized facial, behavioral, and a ective responses to perceived threats, o ering valuable
insights into the early manifestation of jealousy. Expanding om childhood to adult relationships, our research
examines jealousy within romantic partnerships and iendships. By analyzing facial and postural cues of jealousy
in laboratory contexts, we elucidate its signi cance in navigating complex human interactions and fostering positivesocial dynamics. In the realm of interpersonal relationships, human ethology holds practical implications forcommunication enhancement, con ict resolution, and bond strengthening. Recognizing the evolved mechanisms
governing jealousy behavior enables individuals to cultivate understanding, leading to greater interpersonal
satisfaction and harmony. In conclusion, human ethology o ers invaluable insights into navigating the intricacies ofhuman relationships and promoting prosocial behavior. Integrating evolutionary perspectives into research andpractice allows us to harness the potential of human ethology for positive social change and the enhancement of
individual and community well-being.

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Session 9: Romantic Relationships
16 July 2024

PROXIMITY AND TOUCHING: OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH ON MATE
GUARDING IN HUMANS

Kraig Sha uck1, Glenn Weisfeld2
1

e University of Olivet, Olivet, USA

2Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

ABST

CT

Mate guarding behaviors are strongly selected for in species that su er om in delity and cuckoldry. Two forms ofmate guarding behaviors that have been found in self-report studies on humans are proximity and touching.
Proximity actively prevents in delity though the physical act of being present. Touching indirectly prevents in delity
by signaling to any potential rivals that their partner is taken, as well as signaling to the partner that they are being
watched. More observational research of mate guarding behaviors is needed though. With this in mind, we
hypothesize that proximity and touching will be used as forms of mate guarding when in the presence of a potential
romantic rival. Couples participating in the study interacted with an a ractive confederate and their proximity andtouching behaviors were recorded. Results show that proximity and touching behaviors increased while in thepresence of the confederate. When an a ractive confederate was present, couples sat closer to and touched each othermore o en than they did when they were alone, showing that humans engage in these forms of mate guarding.

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Session 9: Romantic Relationships
16 July 2024

EJACULATE ADJUSTMENT IN RESPONSE TO SPERM COMPETITIONRISK IN HUMANS

Tara DeLecce, Gavin Vance, Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Lisa Welling, Todd Shackelford
Oakland University, Rochester, USA

ABST

CT

Previous research suggests that human males, like males of many mammalian and avian species, adjust theirejaculate quality in accordance with sperm competition risk. Speci cally, men who spend less time with their regularfemale partner since the couple’s last copulation produce ejaculates with more sperm at the couple’s next copulation(Baker & Bellis, 1993). We conducted a conceptual replication of this research to investigate whether spermcompetition risk predicts ejaculate adjustment in human males using additional measures of sperm competition risk(e.g., perceptions of partner in delity, presence of potential sexual rivals) and updated laser-optic semen analysis
technology. We collected data om 34 heterosexual couples (individuals aged 18 to 32 years) who completed selfreport surveys on their relationship dynamics and provided six ejaculate samples (3 copulatory, 3 masturbatory)
across a 45-day period. Time spent together since the couple’s last copulation was not associated with ejaculatequality. However, sperm concentration for copulatory ejaculates was higher for men who perceive that their partner
has more male iends and coworkers (i.e., potential sexual rivals). Discussion situates the current results within theliterature on human sperm competition and suggests several directions for future research.

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Session 10: Hormonal In uences
16 July 2024

DOES EST DIOL POTENTIATE THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OFOXYTOCIN IN FEMALES AND MALES FOLLOWING INT SEXUALCOMPETITION?

Jessica Marino1 (SFA), Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook1, Chelsea Romney2, Julianne Holt-Lunstad2
1University of California, Merced, Merced, USA
2Brigham Young University, Provo, USA

ABST

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Sex-di erences in stress-responses may re ect an adaption that aids reproductive success, however, research into theregulatory mechanisms is limited. Here, we examine how oxytocin (OT) impacts the stress-response among humanmales and females during intrasexual competition, assessed whether estradiol potentiates OT’s e ects on stress.
Using a randomized double-blind design, 76 healthy adults received intranasal OT or placebo before engaging inan aggressive encounter with a sex-matched confederate. Markers of physiological stress (heart rate, heart ratevariability, blood pressure) and psychological stress (Positive and Negative A ect Schedule) were measured posttask. Hierarchical regression showed signi cant three-way interactions between OT condition, sex, and baseline
estradiol concentrations for heart rate variability, positive and negative a ect, but not heart rate or blood pressure.
Simple slope analysis revealed signi cant e ects for females with low and high estradiol concentrations, but not inmales. High estradiol females experience signi cantly higher heart rate variability, positive a ect, and reduced
negative a ect, supporting the potentiating role of estradiol. Conversely, low estradiol females demonstrated the
opposite (lower heart rate variability, positive a ect, and higher negative a ect). Given estradiol concentrationso en correlate with the likelihood of fertility, we speculate that our study captured varying female behavioral
strategies during intrasexual competition related to the odds of reproductive success. ese ndings contribute to a
growing body of research on sex di erences to OT administration in humans.

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Session 10: Hormonal In uences
16 July 2024

TESTOSTERONE REACTIVITY AND PARENTAL CARE MOTIVATION IN
MEN AS A FUNCTION OF PARENTAL STATUS

Nathan Boone (SFA), Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Paternal investment and caregiving quality have lasting impacts on children's well-being. Children with sensitive,
involved fathers typically develop more secure a achments and have fewer behavioral and psychological problems
than children with less sensitive and involved fathers. While the importance of fathers’ engagement with theirchildren is well established, the biological mechanisms that underpin paternal behavior are not fully understood.
Previous research has found that baseline testosterone levels and testosterone reactivity to infant stimuli are both
relevant predictors of paternal sensitivity. Short-term decreases in testosterone in nurturant contexts, and short-term
increases in testosterone in challenging contexts have both been linked to sensitive paternal caregiving. e current
study investigated the relationship between parental care motivation and testosterone reactivity in fathers and nonfathers a er simulating a nurturing caregiving interaction or observing infant distress. e RealCare Baby 3 doll
was used as an infant simulator in both conditions. e nurturant interaction was expected to lower participants’
testosterone levels, and the infant distress was expected to raise participants’ testosterone levels. Men who were more
motivated to care for infants were expected to have larger testosterone responses to both simulated interactions.
Fathers were expected to have greater parental care motivation and testosterone responses than non-fathers. e
within-subjects design (all participants completed both conditions) enables the analysis to examine whether thesame men tend to have large testosterone responses to each interaction, and whether these men tend to be high inparental care motivation. Results to be discussed (data collection concludes May 15th).

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Session 10: Hormonal In uences
16 July 2024

DO WOMEN’S BODY ODORS REVEAL THEIR OVULATORY TIMING?

James Roney
University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA

ABST

CT

Prior research suggests that scent samples collected om women during the fertile window of the menstrual cycle are
rated as more a ractive than scents collected at other times, and that men exhibit both reactive testosterone
increases and psychological priming e ects a er exposure to peri-ovulatory scents. Such ndings have led some tosuggest that scent cues may reveal women’s ovulatory timing. Here, 46 women each provided overnight scentsamples (both axillary and genital) on six nights spaced ve days apart, and completed luteinizing hormone tests todetermine ovulatory timing. A sample of 61 men rated axillary scent samples collected within the estimated fertile
window as signi cantly more a ractive than scent samples collected at other times. Importantly, however, signal
detection analyses showed that a ractiveness ratings of fertile and non-fertile samples overlapped so much thatraters essentially exhibited no ability to diagnose ovulatory timing om scent a ractiveness. A second sample of 182
men was tested for hormonal and psychological responses to either plain water or to axillary or genital odor stimuli
drawn om the same scent donors (but using samples om the arm that was not used in the a ractiveness rating
study). Planned comparisons between reactions to fertile window and other stimuli found no signi cant e ects forchanges in testosterone or cortisol, or for measures of sexual desire, inferred arousal of the donors, the priming of
sexual concepts, or the desire to approach others. Together, these ndings provide strong evidence against the ideathat odor cues can reveal women’s ovulatory timing.

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Session 11: Social Cognition
16 July 2024

NOSEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION: A REPLICATION STUDY

Rebecca McGrath (SFA), S. Craig Roberts
University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

ABST

CT

Recent studies have introduced the idea of nosewitness identi cation as a potential aid to criminal identi cation incases where a victim has close contact with an assailant. Nosewitness identi cation requires both the ability todiscriminate individuals using their body odour and olfactory memory for that odour. Alho et al. (2015) suggestthat this is more likely to be possible when people experience negative emotion. Here, we a empted to produce a
replication of their study, by investigating whether people could identify a criminal om a mock odour lineup at
rates above chance. Participants watched a neutral interaction video and a video of a violent crime. ey smelled adonated body odour and were instructed this was either the man (neutral condition) or the criminal (violent
condition) om the video. A er a 15-minute interval, the participants sampled a lineup of ve body odours andwere asked to identify which they thought to be the odour presented during the video. Results found thatparticipants could identify the target body odour in both conditions above rates of chance, but that the rate ofcorrect identi cation was higher in the violent video condition. Furthermore, female participants outperformed
male participants for accuracy in the violent condition. Our ndings suggest that nosewitness evidence could beconsidered as supplementary evidence in criminal investigations.

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Session 11: Social Cognition
16 July 2024

UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION AS AN UNDERLYING MOTIVE FOR
OPTIMAL DISTINCTIVENESS

Chad Hinojosa (SFA)Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Following the emergence of uncertainty identity theory (Hogg, 2007), the popularity of optimal distinctivenesstheory (Brewer, 1991) has dwindled somewhat. While there’s been expansive evidence in favor of each theory, li lework has investigated the relationship or impact between the two. More speci cally, the needs for assimilation(belonging) and di erentiation (uniqueness) as postulated by the optimal distinctiveness model may be be er
understood as derivatives of the desire to reduce self-uncertainty. It’s this in-progress proposal’s aim to address theoverlap between these two theories by experimentally testing the mediating e ect of uncertainty on the relationshipbetween the need for assimilation and di erentiation and social identity. Participants will be sampled om theAmerican population (N = 400) through the crowdsourcing platform MTurk. ey will be administered one offour randomly assigned need conditions and be placed in either a minority or majority group following a dot
estimation task. Feelings of uncertainty and level of group identi cation will be measured at the study's conclusion.
It's predicted that participants will only identify with their respective group when experiencing feelings ofuncertainty. Additionally, participants experiencing uncertainty and a need for belonging will identify more strongly
with the majority than the minority group. e inverse will be true for participants experiencing uncertainty in theneed for uniqueness condition. e ndings om this in-progress experiment will demonstrate the mediating e ectof uncertainty on the optimal distinctiveness model.

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Session 11: Social Cognition
16 July 2024

SOCIAL NETWORKS IN CHILDREN FROM PRESCHOOL TOADOLESCENCE, BASED ON BEHAVIO L OBSERVATION AND PEERNOMINATION METHODS

Jitka Lindová, Klára Valentová, Ellen Zakreski
Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic

ABST

CT

From early childhood, individuals are part of peer social networks. Sex di erences and age shi s in social network
parameters are considered to re ect sex di erences in relationship functioning, and consequences of social
development, respectively. However, social networks can be modelled both om behavioral and sociometric data,
possibly leading to di erent sex and age shi s. In our methodological study, we compared network parameters andsocial network structure obtained om two methods: behavioral observation and iendship nomination in 235
children om four preschool, four middle school and four adolescent classes. We observed behavioral interactions
during two 45 mins unstructured activities and in interviews, asked children to nominate their iends. We
calculated network parameters strength, transitivity, Eigenvector- and closeness centrality for each child, andassortativity and Gini index for each class. We found pairs of network parameters based on behavioral interactions
and iendship nominations to be weakly correlated with each other. In linear mixed e ects models, both methods ofdata collection lead to similar associations of strength of ties between peers with sex and age, and to similar age
di erences in assortativity according to sex. However, the association of transitivity with sex and age, and theassociations of Eigenvector centrality, closeness centrality and the Gini index with age di ered between the methodsof data collection. Friendship nomination and behavioral observation are thus not interchangeable methods. We
interpret these di erences in terms of the developing understanding of the concept of iendship in preschoolers andits less strong link to direct social interactions in adolescents.

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Session 11: Social Cognition
16 July 2024

UNIVERSAL EMPHRONESIS/TOM AS SHOWN IN THE LIFE AND
LANGUAGE OF THE EIPO, MOUNTAIN PAPUANS OF WEST-NEW
GUINEA

Wulf Schiefenhövel
Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Starnberg-Seewiesen, Germany

ABST

CT

One of the questions keeping anthropologists busy is why our ancestors developed brains capable of the
manifold amazing performances typical for our species, among them symbolic communication, semantic
language and emphronesis, the ability of reading another person's mind (so called " eory of Mind").
Primates and other mammals, especially dogs, have a capacity for primordial emphronesis, i.e. they are able
to guess and understand the thoughts, aims etc. of another individual, even of a di erent species. Tests
involving "false belief " are used to identify the onset of this ability in children. One avenue to explore theextent of emphronesis is to look at respective terms re ecting, on an emic meta-level, the forms of thiscognitive power in a given language. I will present results of analyzing the Trans-New-Guinea Papuan Eipo
language, unknown until 1974 and laid down in a dictionary in 1983 (Heeschen & Schiefenhövel), as wellas documents of everyday behaviour to discuss the Eipo concept and usage of emphronesis.
"Mind" (kanye), in the sense of knowing, understanding, re ecting, assessing, thinking..., is a concept very
prominent in the Eipo language: it comprises virtual representations of real things, like "shadow", and"echo", and, in particular, various mental processes. Other words, like teneb-, usually verbs, describe thefunctions of gaining insight, thinking things through, understanding another person. e most convincing
proof of mutual emphronesis was the process of learning, monolingually, the Eipo language. Reading eachother's mind turned out to be relatively easy - disproving the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of cultural relativism.

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Monday, 15 July 2024

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

ESTABLISHMENT OF FRIENDSHIPS AMONG B ZILIAN TWIN
CHILDREN: DIFFERENCES AS A FUNCTION OF SEX AND DEPENDENCE

Rafael R. de Albuquerque (SFA), Lara E. da Silva, Lilian C. Luchesi, Isabella F. Ferreira, Tania K.
Lucci, Emma O a
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

ABST

CT

Twin children are commonly raised with the full-time company of a same-age peer, their co-twin. is peculiarity isalso present in the establishment of iendships, since co-twins usually share the same environments (e.g. school).
It has been hypothesized that the twin situation could result in a dependency on the co-twin, thereby leading todi culties in forming new relationships beyond relatives. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the presence of an
opposite-sex co-twin in dizygotic pairs could increase the proportion of opposite sex iends the child has. We aimed
to test these hypotheses in a sample of 60 Brazilian twin children - 28 monozygotic (MZ), 20 dizygotic of same-sex(DZss), 12 dizygotic of opposite-sex (DZos) - aged 8-14. Dependency and zygosity were assessed using,respectively, the validated versions of the Twin Relationship Questionnaire and the Zygosity Questionnaire, bothcompleted by children’s parents. To assess the number and sex of iends, a Pictorial Representation of Friendships
was administered to the children. A negative correlation was found between an individual’s number of iends andtheir dependence on their co-twin (r = -0.321; p = 0.012). We did not nd any di erence between the proportion ofiends of the opposite sex among male DZss and DZos children or between female DZss and DZos children, as
determined by an Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis test. Our data suggest that the establishment of iendships
is in uenced by co-twin dependence. Also, the sex composition within twin pairs has no e ect on the sex proportionof each child's iends.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

EXT VERSION, WELL-BEING, AND FOOD CHOICE MOTIVATIONS:ANEVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

Lucas Schirmer (SFA), Jean Natividade
PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABST

CT

Psychological well-being is related to the consumption of uits/vegetables (FV). An evolutionary hypothesis for theinterplay between these variables suggests that the consumption of these foods promotes optimal physical health,which might be valuable for survival and reproductive purposes. us, it is expected that their intake also promotes
well-being on a psychological level, as a reward mechanism. Extraversion is also related to psychological well-being.
is personality trait is related to an inclination towards seeking social interactions and positive experiences,valuable characteristics in evolutionary terms. is study explores the correlation between extraversion, well-being,food behavior, and food choice motivations. For that, 449 Brazilian adults, predominantly women (85.3%), mean
age of 35.4 years (SD = 12.4), completed a questionnaire with instruments to assess the Big-5 factors of personality,
well-being, self-esteem, eating behavior, and food choice motivations. Results showed relationships between
extraversion and all aspects of well-being, self-esteem, and four motivations for food choices: health, mood, naturalcontent, and ethical concerns. Also, the consumption of FV showed correlations with all well-being components, selfesteem, and food choice motivations. However, there was no relationship between FV intake and extraversion. ese
ndings indicate that extraversion contributes to shaping well-being and decision-making on food choices. e lackof a connection between extraversion and FV intake highlights the complexity of preferences in uenced by factors
beyond personality traits. Taking an evolutionary perspective enhances comprehension of how behaviors may have
evolved to meet speci c needs and can also help develop e ective interventions toward promoting healthier eating
habits and well-being.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

BOOSTING NUDGING EFFECTS BY MESSENGER IMPRESSION TO
PROMOTE CARBON RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIESMaryanne L. Fisher1, Hidenori Komatsu2, Nobuyuki Tanaka3, Mackenzie Zinck1
1Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
2Grid Innovation Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Kanagawa, Japan
3Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan

ABST

CT

Previous studies have revealed that messages highlighting kin support, which we call ‘familial nudging,’ are auniversal intervention to moderate risk-averse a itudes toward a wide variety of topics in multiple cultures.
However, it is still unclear if this type of intervention can have larger e ects when messages are sent by messengers
who are a ractive to receivers. To tackle this problem, we designed messages to moderate risk-averse a itudes
toward carbon recycling technology, which reuses C02 emi ed through industrial activities to reduce carbon
emissions in the atmosphere. We then added virtual messengers with their face pictures and pro les next to thedescriptions of the technology and performed randomized controlled trials to measure the message e ects with morethan 4,000 responses obtained om Canada, Japan, Norway, and the US. A linear regression analysis showed thatour designed messages successfully moderated risk-averse a itudes toward carbon recycling technology. Moreover,additional intervention e ects were observed when messenger biological sex and respondents’ sexual orientations
were matched. is e ect was observed only in unmarried respondents and for the perceived impact of thetechnology on themselves, but not on future generations, suggesting the possibility that messages to single people
should be provided by messengers of opposite sexes. We also discuss the causality of these additional e ects.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

IMPACT OF RESOURCE-LIMITED GESTATIONS ON THE PHYSICALDEVELOPMENT OF B ZILIAN TWIN CHILDREN: A STUDY OFZYGOSITY AND CHORIONICITY

Lucas Aguiar de Moura (SFA), Luis Alvaro Correia, Giovana Hunguro Arissi, Tania Kiehl Lucci,
Emma O a
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

ABST

CT

Monochorionic twins generally experience resource-limited gestation, and the developmental impacts need to be
determined. Our aim was to longitudinally investigate the physical developmental trajectory of Brazilian twinsbased on zygosity and chorionicity, a pioneering e ort in Brazil and part of the USP Twin Panel Research. esample consists of 156 twins: 70 monozygotic (MZ) (49 female), 40 same-sex dizygotic (DZss) (24 male), and46 opposite-sex dizygotic (DZos) twins. Based on chorionicity, it includes 112 individuals - 86 dichorionic (DC)(44 male) and 26 monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) (16 female) twins. ese twins were evaluated at birthand between ages 7-13. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a signi cant di erence was found in the Z-Score percentiles
for initial weight (between ages 7-13) among female individuals of the di erent zygosity groups (KW-Stat = 7,16;
p-value = 0.0278) - with a higher concentration of samples in Z-Score percentiles close to or below 0.5 for DZss,and for DZos and MZ, close to or above 0.625. Additionally, a signi cant di erence was found between the Z-Score
percentiles for Body Mass Index (BMI) in female individuals of di erent chorionicity groups (KW-Stat = 3.88; pvalue = 0.0489) - with a higher concentration of samples in Z-Score percentiles close to or below 0.5 for DC, andclose to 0.80 for MCDA. Our analysis revealed that during the development of female twins, weight and BMI weresigni cantly related to zygosity and chorionicity. Our study is still in progress, and further analyses areprogrammed, including additional measures.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

HOW IS LOVE RELATED TO JEALOUSY?

María Teresa Barbato, Ana María Fernandez, Belen Cordero
1Laboratorio de evolución y relaciones interpersonales, University of Santiago, Chile

ABST

CT

Love is interpreted in two dimensions: as lifelong a achment to important people and as emotional reliance.
Generally, romantic love and jealousy, seemingly contradictory, share evolutionary roles in sustaining relationships.
Love enhances bonding, teamwork, and o spring safeguarding, while jealousy emerges when valuable bonds are at
risk. In our research with couples (n=332), we observed a strong link between a achment and jealousy, yet aminimal connection between a achment and love as dependency. is indicates a need for deeper exploration ofthese feelings as interrelated aspects in human connections.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

RETHINKING BEHAVIOUL OBSERVATIONS – A DIRECT COMPARISON

OF SAMPLING METHOD PERFORMANCE

Pia Marlena Böhm1 (SFA), Angela Stojan1, Lena P üger1, Delphine De Moor2
1Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

ABST

CT

Reliably and e ciently generating social networks is an essential part of the research of the evolution ofsocial relationships. e challenge of capturing a full record of all social interactions among individuals
emphasizes the need to systematically sample behaviour through standardized observation
methods. Traditionally, researchers have relied on continuous focal sampling assuming it provides the mostaccurate results. However, recent simulation studies suggest that instantaneous scan sampling might bemore e ective to generate social networks.
In this project we are comparing the performance of focal continuous sampling with an adapted version ofscan sampling by recording social interactions (proximity, body contact, grooming and agonism) andconstructing social networks of a group of semi-free ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) at the
A enberg Landskron, Austria. For three months, two observers simultaneously collected social interaction
data on 30 target females. One observer used focal sampling, while the other used scan sampling, with adaily alternation of observer-method.
From these data we will generate networks using BISoN [Bayesian Framework for Inference of Social
Network], which estimates edges with explicit uncertainty based on observation e ort. We will compare thescan and focal networks in their similarity, con dence in the edge weights and robustness of estimatednetwork metrics at individual, dyadic and global network levels. ese analyses will allow us to examine theimpact of lower observation e ort on the estimated network metrics, providing an indication of which
method provides a more reliable and representative estimation of the true behavioural rates and underlying
network structure.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

JEALOUSY IN THE DIGITAL AGE AND SEXUAL DIFFERENCES, NEWPERSPECTIVES IN THE CHILEAN POPULATION

Belén Cordero Zavalla1 (SFA), Ana María Fernández Tapia2
1Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
2Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile

ABST

CT

Human emotions have an adaptive origin that has been evidenced in current research, however, it has not been
integrated into the study of more complex emotions that are based on a ective phenomena, such as romantic
jealousy. Jealousy is a recurring theme when investigating interpersonal relationships and can manifest itself invarious ways, however, it can be modulated by the new digital environment in which we develop.
In this investigation, predictions will be addressed om an evolutionary point of view on how digital jealousy ispresented in the Chilean population as opposed to classical jealousy will be addressed through an online study of
154 people.
It is postulated that in the hypothetical situation of sentimental in delity it is exacerbated in women, while in men it
is associated with sexual in delity, as occurs in Buunk's jealousy.
e results with the evolutionary approaches allow us to generate current knowledge of the way in which jealousy iscurrently articulated in each sex, as well as how these have adapted in response to adaptive problems of the past.
e ndings resulting om this research would allow us to describe how jealousy has adapted to the new digital age,suggesting this measure as a useful tool for measuring the intensity of jealousy within heterosexual couple
relationships in future research.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

IS ANNOYANCE RELATED TO JEALOUSY EVOKED USING AN
ALLOCATION GAME?

María Barbato, Ana María Fernández, Belen Cordero, Martina Hood, Javiera Lopez
1Laboratorio de evolución y relaciones interpersonales, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile

ABST

CT

Jealousy is a recurrent topic in interpersonal relationships research and has a clear adaptive function of protecting
valued bonds. In this work we identify and evoke the mechanisms that drive the elicitation of jealousy, following thepredictions of an evolutionary perspective regarding the role of jealousy for protecting a valued relationship om
potential rivals, through economic games, where partners play an allocator in two conditions: they can either invest
in their respective partners or a rival or receive amounts om the third party and these outcomes are exaggerated.
Preliminary results om this study (n=40) indicate that although participants report feeling annoyed when theirpartners invest resources in other people, not all identify this or report these feelings as jealousy at the time they
participate in the games. is phenomenon raises signi cant discussion about the very de nition of jealousy, as wellas the social and moral complexity involved in reporting such feelings in spontaneous or unforced contexts. Given
this nding, we analyzed the relationship between jealousy reported by game participants and the game condition
that most upset them in order to deepen our understanding of participants emotional responses. is approach aims
to contribute to the broader discussion of human emotions and their expression in complex social contexts.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

INVESTIGATIONS INTO CO-WIFE AGGRESSION AND COMPETITIONACROSS CULTURES

Maryanne Fisher
Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada

ABST

CT

Here I examine the dynamic of co-wife aggression through the lens of ethology, utilizing empirical evidence drawn
om the eH F World Cultures database. My goal is to elucidate the underlying causes and strategies ofcompetition among co-wives, who represent multiple women engaged in intense mating competition for the limited
resources om one man. I propose that co-wife aggression is an adaptive response stemming om resourcecompetition, speci cally over male investment in one’s o spring, and directly impinges on wives’ reproductive successand inclusive tness. Given the prevalence of polygyny in societies represented within the eH F database, the data
set provides a fertile ground for the exploration of these dynamics. I employ a mixed-methods approach, combining
quantitative analysis of eH F data with qualitative examination of ethnographic records. Searches were limited
to records containing the terms polygamy and wives, with cohabiting, aggression, violent, or ght. Preliminaryndings indicate a complex interplay of strategies used by co-wives that range om direct physical aggression tomore subtle forms of manipulation (e.g., gossip, social exclusion, altering husband’s perception), and allianceformation (i.e., to increase status and reputation), re ecting a nuanced understanding of social dynamics within
polygynous households. In rare instances children are used to foster (and presumably win) competition. Further,
they may also compete via di erential reproduction, a empting to bear more children, thereby securing a larger
portion of the husband's resources for their o spring. Mediation tends to involve the husband, the acknowledgementof hierarchy, and inclusion of sororal rather than unrelated co-wives. Directions for future research into women’s
intrasexual mating competition will be presented.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

DOES SURVIVING PAIN LOWER YOUR RISK AVOIDANCE?

eresa Stürmer1 (SFA), Christina Krondorfer1, Kathrin Masuch1,2, Pia Marlena Böhm1,2, Elisabeth
Oberzaucher1,2,3
1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2Urban Human, Vienna, Austria
3Vienna Cognitive Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

ABST

CT

Risk taking and risk avoidance have been extensively studied in evolutionary behavioural sciences. Previous studies
suggest that people wearing ta oos are more likely to engage in risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking thanpeople without ta oos. is study set out to explore the immediate e ects of obtaining a rst ta oo on risk-taking
behavior among women. irty female participants underwent treatment across two consecutive days, receiving asmall ta oo and engaging in a casual 20-minute conversation. e sequence of treatments was randomized.
Participants opted for a predetermined design for their ta oo, professionally applied to their arm. Arousal
physiology (heart rate, skin conductance, & skin temperature) was measured throughout the interventions.
Questionnaires (risk-taking tendencies, impulsivity, and sensation-seeking) and pain thresholds measurements weretaken before and a er each intervention. A control group of thirty women, who were not interested in ge ing ta oos,completed identical questionnaires to control for self-selection bias.
is study's ndings enhance comprehension of the correlation between ta ooing and risk-taking behavior among
women, o ering insights into the immediate a ermath of obtaining a ta oo and potentially directing future
investigations into lasting behavioral impacts of ta oos. Enduring an uncomfortable to painful, and potentially
dangerous experience might result in lowering avoidance behavior therefore making it more likely to engage insimilar behavior in the future. From an evolutionary viewpoint, adjusting risk avoidance based on individual
learning appears to be adaptive to nd the optimal approach to exploit environmental a ordances.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

REVISITING THE FIVE FINGER DISCOUNT: SHOPLIFTINGAS A REPRODUCTIVE ST TEGY FOR INCREASING MATE
VALUE

Shairy Jimenez-Delgado (SFA), Povheng Yam, Nathan Boone, Camille Burns, Alice L. Zhang,Francesca Messina, Rayann Elka Medina, Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly, Humboldt, Arcata, USA.

ABST

CT

Using social media to conduct human ethological research, this study seeks to replicate previous ndings showingthat online displays of shopli ing are driven by reproductive strategies to increase mate value. Shopli ing, or taking
an item om a store without paying for it, is commonly shared on social media platforms. A previous study by
Bourgeois et al. (2019) found that shopli ing, displayed by users on the social media website Tumblr, is used as a
strategy to increase perceived mate value; they found that 70.3% of items were mating relevant items, whereas only
29.6% were unrelated. e current study utilized similar methods to collect 150 photographs om Tumblr users
featuring a total of 1744 stolen items. Two di erent coders then categorized these items into one of 17 di erent
categories which were then grouped as either mating relevant ( agrance, hair care, jewelery, makeup, skincare, lingerie) or non-mating relevant (arts and cra s, clothing, entertainment, food, home decor, pet supplies,
school supplies, technology, toys, and other). Results show that 58.8% of stolen items were mating relevant, while
41.2% were non-mating relevant. ese ndings are consistent with previous work showing that a signi cantnumber of stolen items showcased online are related to appearance enhancement. ese results support the notionthat reproductive strategies aimed at increasing mate value are a primary underlying factor driving the online
display of shopli ed items.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

NECKS OF KIN: DISCRIMINATING RELATEDNESS USING ODOUR

S. Craig Roberts
University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.

ABST

CT

Evidence suggests that humans can discriminate relatedness using only olfactory cues. In light of recent studies on
the possibility that humans use odour during handshaking to assess others, we compared the e cacy of hand odour
to communicate information about relatedness. Speci cally, we investigated whether humans could correctly
discriminate an unrelated female om a pair of biological sisters using olfactory cues om the hand, neck and axillaareas of the body. We recruited three di erent triplet sets, each containing a di erent pair of sisters and a di erent
unrelated female of a similar age. Odour donors wore co on pads for 24 hours in the three di erent locations(hand, neck and axilla). Participants were asked to smell these pads and identify which of the odours for eachlocation they thought smelt the most di erent (‘odd one out’). We found that the location where participants wereable to correctly identify the unrelated female most reliably was the neck area. Di erences in the results between
odour triads highlighted the in uence of individual di erences in body odour and consequently olfactorycommunication. If odour is important in greetings, our results suggest that a greeting involving a hug may be more
e ective at communicating relatedness than a handshake.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

HOW DOES POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AFFECT RESPONSES TO INFANTCUES? (PREREGISTERED PROJECT PROPOSAL)

Caitlin Harp (SFA), Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Infant cues (facial cuteness in particular) are linked to evolutionary adaptations to motivate caretaking andprotective behaviors (Kringelbach et al. 2016). Previous neuroimaging work has demonstrated that the infant
cuteness activates reward-related regions in the brain (Glocker et al, 2009) and behavioral work suggests that the
reward value of cuteness is linked to maternal tendencies (Hahn et al., 2015). It is estimated that 15% of mothersin the U.S. experience postpartum depression (PPD) (Wisner et al., 2013), which impacts the mesolimbic system
and is linked to anhedonia (i.e., reduced ability to experience pleasure). Given that infant stimuli are rewarding, it
is possible that PPD reduces the reward value of infant stimuli. Previous research has linked anhedonia to reduced
reward responses to positive infant emotion expression in mothers with PPD (Morgan et al., 2017). is project
aims to determine whether PPD symptomatology negatively impacts the mother-infant bond through blunted
reward-related responses to infant facial cuteness.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE COORDINATED BEHAVIOU L AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PATHOGENIC THREAT

Povheng Yam (SFA), Edwin Rosales-Vijil, Nathan Boone, Francesca Francesca, Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

e Behavioural Immune System (BIS) describes psychological mechanisms that bias our cognitions andbehaviours to facilitate pathogen avoidance before they make contact with the body. Research suggests that when
the behavioural immune system detects a pathogenic threat, it facilitates an array of averse emotional, cognitive,
and behavioural responses that help us avoid pathogenic threats. e current study investigates whether thefunctional exibility of the behavioural immune system impacts the link between physiological and behaviouralimmune responses as demonstrated by a previous study that merely viewing images of pathogen-relevant stimuli cantrigger a physiological immune response. Participants (N = 12) saliva was collected to measure interleukin 6(IL-6) levels, chemical messengers of the physiological immune system, before and a er exposure to pathogenic cues.
e Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVD) was used to measure participants' perceptions ofsusceptibility to illness or disease. While the participant completed the PVD, a researcher assistant displayed acontagion cue (fake sneezing). A er completing the PVD, participants watched a slideshow of disease-relevant
images. Although the analysis revealed a non-signi cant di erence in means, t(11) = -1.78, p = 0.10, Cohen’s d =-0.51, it is worth noting that p = .10 re ects a trend in the data whereby IL-6 levels elevated a er exposure to apathogenic threat (pre-test M = 2.42, post-test M = 2.84). e current study did not corroborate previous ndingsthat behavioural immune system activation can trigger a physiological immune response and that individual
di erences in perceived vulnerability to pathogenic threat moderates this response.

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ISHE International Congress 2024
Book of Abstracts

Poster Session
15 July 2024

THE EFFECTS OF CLEFT LIP/PALATE AND SUBSEQUENT REPAIR ON
THE PROCESSING OF INFANT FACES

Juergen Riedelsheimer1,2 (SFA), David Harris2, Rachael Kee2,3, Je
Amanda Hahn2

Frederick2, K. J. Jantzen4,

1Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA
2Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA
3UC Davis, Davis, USA
4Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA

ABST

CT

Infant cues, and facial cues in particular, serve an important evolutionary role in facilitating caregiver bonding.
Given the biological salience of infant faces, it has been suggested that they may be processed di erently than otherfaces. Research using a variety of neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, MEG, EEG) has demonstrated that Infant faces
do indeed elicit enhanced neural processing relative to adult faces. Facial malformations have been shown to impact
early infant-caregiver interactions negatively. However, it remains unclear how such facial malformations may
impact the early neural processing of these faces. Across two studies, we used electroencephalography (EEG) toinvestigate adults' early neural processing of infant faces with cle lip/palate as compared to una ected infant faces(study 1) and the impact of cle repair surgery on these neural responses (study 2). e N170 response wassigni cantly larger for infant faces with cle lip/palate as compared to una ected infants and infants a er repair
surgery. e P200 response was signi cantly reduced for infant faces with cle lip/palate as compared to una ected
infants and infants a er repair surgery. ese results suggest that infants' faces with cle lip/palate are processed
di erently very early in the perceptual process, particularly with respect to con gural processing (N170) and facetypicality (P200). ese processing di erences may contribute to several important aspects of development (e.g.,
joint a ention) and may play a vital role in the previously observed di culties in mother-infant interactions.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

REDUCED RELIANCE ON CONFIGU L PROCESSING FOR INFANTFACES: EVIDENCE FROM THE THATCHER ILLUSION

Adnan Alyan (SFA), Nathan Boone, Logan Ashworth, Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Face perception is a highly specialized skill in humans. Decades of research have demonstrated that face perception
is reliant on con gural processing strategies, thought to develop with experience. However, these studies have almost
exclusively with adult stimuli. Interestingly, behavioral work suggests adult faces and infant faces elicit di erent
responses. Infant facial cues have been shown to trigger di erent a ective responses, neural activity, and evencaretaking motivation. e current study investigated the use of con gural processing in infant faces as compared toadult faces using the atcher E ect (TE). e TE is a robust con gural disruption which occurs when local
featural changes are harder to detect in inverted faces. For each infant and adult face identity, a normal unedited
version and a atcherized version was shown in both an upright and inverted orientation. Participants rated faces
using a 1 (not grotesque) to 7 (very grotesque) scale. e data showed a signi cant interaction between face typeand orientation which indicated that the TE was more prominent for adult faces than infant faces in the uprightcondition. at the TE, a con gural disruption, impacted infant facial processing less than adult facial processing
would suggest that infant faces may be processed less con gurally than adult faces. is nding is in line with worksuggesting that the own-race bias in face processing may not extend to infant faces. Given their critical role inparenting and caretaking behavior, more research may be needed to be er understand the underlying di erences
between infant and adult face processing.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

HOW DOES CUTE BABY STIMULI AFFECT PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR VIA
DONATIONS IN AN ETHOLOGICAL SE ING?

Alice Zhang (SFA), Joshua Worthington, Camille Burns, Amanda Hahn
Cal Poly Humboldt, Arcata, USA

ABST

CT

Cuteness has been found to increase prosocial behaviors such as donation intentions (Shin & Ma ila, 2021). ese
ndings o en a ribute the prosocial e ect of cuteness to baby schema features such as big eyes, round faces, andlarge foreheads, thought to elicit more empathetic emotions which increase prosocial behaviors (Glocker, 2009).
However, these e ects are o en observed in laboratory se ings, where the intent to donate may not necessarilytranslate to an actual donation (Yang et al., 2022). Research that has been conducted outside of the laboratory has
focused far more on cute animal stimuli (Guéguen, 2013; Shin & Ma ila, 2021; Wang et al., 2017), and does notnecessarily extend to human infant stimuli. e current research seeks to ll this gap by asking the question: does
infant cuteness increase monetary donations in an ethological context? Adapting the honesty box paradigm(Bateson et al., 2006), researchers installed a black donation box alongside a call for donations advertisement witha picture of either a baby, or the control stimuli ( owers) at a local grocery store. Prosocial behavior was examined
via the amount donated when each stimulus was present. We hypothesize that the infant stimuli will signi cantly
increase donations in comparison to the control stimuli. Data collection is currently ongoing (planned end date June1st); results to be discussed.

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Poster Session
15 July 2024

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS IN
BREASTFEEDING

Emily Guillard, Jessica Komes, Caroline Allen
Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

ABST

CT

Breastfeeding is an embodied task intertwining physical and emotional aspects that profoundly impact both parents
and infants. is study sought to investigate experiences of milk let-down among breastfeeding parents, an aspect
regarded as crucial for successful breastfeeding yet lacking substantial documentation in existing literature. We
recruited 193 breastfeeding parents via social media and employed a mixed-methods approach including
quantitative measures of breastfeeding self-e cacy (BF-SE), duration, and general interoceptive awareness(MAIA2), alongside a novel measure of interoceptive awareness focussing on the experience of milk let-down (BFIA). Additionally, participants provided wri en responses detailing their breastfeeding experiences. Our ndings
indicated duration and BF-IA signi cantly predicted breastfeeding self-e cacy scores, but MAIA2 score did not.
Initial qualitative analysis has revealed a range of positive and negative physical and emotional experiences during
breastfeeding & milk let-down, and most interestingly a group of participants reporting an absence of sensations.
e qualitative exploration continues, but these preliminary analyses o er intriguing insights into the interplay
between mind and body during breastfeeding, with potential implications for maternal and infant well-being.

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Index of authors

Index of authors
E

A

K

Acedo-Carmona, C.

13

Elmi, H.

39

Kameda, T.

9Aguiar de Moura, L.

64

Esseily, R.

11

Karwowski, M.

38

Allen, C.

78

F

Kee, R.

29, 75

Alyan, A.

76

Fernández, A. M.

13, 50, 65, 67, 68

Komatsu, H.

16, 18, 63

Arissi, G. H.

64

Ferreira, I. F.

26, 61

Komes, J.

78

Asano, K.

18

Fisher, M. L.

16, 18, 19, 63, 69

Koutsos, P.

46

Asworth, L.

76

Francesca, F.

74

Kowal, M.

43, 49Frederick, J.

75

Král, D.

39

B
Barbato, M. T.

65, 68Freire, I.

12

Krondorfer, C.

70

Bernstein, M.

31

Freitas, J. G.

33

Kubota, H.

18

Berti, D.

39Frýdlová, P.

39

L

Białek, A.

10

Frynta, D.

15, 39, 41

Landová, E.

15, 39, 41

Bish, R.

30

G

Lebaron-Khérif, T.

11

Böhm, P. M.

16, 20, 66, 70

Geher, G.

18

Leder, H.

20

Boone, N.

30, 54, 71, 74, 76

Gray, N.

25

Lindová, J.

58

Burns, C.

71, 77

Gri n, M.

18

Link, J.

18

Butovskaya, M.

38

Guillard, E.

78

Lopes, F.

12

Lopez, J.

68

HC
Caldaza, M. F.

30

Hahn-Holbrook, J.

23, 53

Lucci, T. K.

11, 61, 64

Castro, F.

12Hahn, A.

Luchesi, L. C.

33, 61Cha erjee, A.

43

29, 30, 54, 71,
73, 74, 75, 76, 77

Luty, J.

43, 44Harp, C.

73

Harris, D.

30, 75

Havlíček, J.

42

Hinojosa, C.

57

Hladíková, T.

15, 41

Holt-Lunstad, J.

53

Hood, M.

68
7

Chatzipentidis, K.
Chomik, A.
Ciniawska, A.
Cordero Zavalla, B.
Correia, L. A.

40
41
14
65, 67, 68
64

D
da Silva, L. E.

61

Hrdy, S.

Davies, S.

43

I

De Moor, D

66

Iroegbu, O.

36

Dehove, M.

20

Ito, F.

26

DeLecce, T.

52

J

DiMa ina, C.

32

Janovcová, M.

15

Doyle, M.

19

Janovcová, M.

39, 41

19

Jantzen, K. J.

29, 75Jantzen, M.

48Jędryczka, W.

43

Jimenez-Delgado, S.

30, 71

Dyer, A.

tt

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Magloth, M.

20

Marino, J.

53

Masuch, K.

16, 17, 21, 70

McGrath, R.

56

Medina, R. E.

30, 71

Mendes, F. M.

33

Messina, F.

30, 71

Mikuni, J.

20

Misiak, M.

38

Murakami, K.

18

N

79

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M

Nagai, Y.

18

Nasuhara, K.

18

Natividade, J.

24, 62O
Oberzaucher, E.

16, 17, 20, 21, 70

O a, E.

11, 26, 33, 61, 64

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P
Paruzel-Czachura,M.

38

Peléšková, Š.

41

P üger, L.

66

Pipitone, R. N.

32

Polák, J.

41

Prager, K.

20

R
R. de Albuquerque,R.

61

Resende, B.

26

Rexová, K.

39

Riedelsheimer, J.

75

Roberts, K.

37, 42Roberts, S. C.

42, 43, 56, 72

Romney, C.

53

Rooney, J.

55

Rosales-Vijil, E.

74

Rudolfová, V.

39

S
Schaller, M.

35

Index of authors

Schiefenhövel, W.

45, 59Schirmer, L.

24, 62

Schmehl, S.

17, 21

Sedláčková, K.

41

Segal, N. L.

27

Shackelford, T.

52

Sha uck, K.

51

Siekiera, N.

10Sironi, P. A.

33

Sommer, D.

39

Sorokowska, A.

42

Sorokowski, P.

38, 40, 42, 43, 44

Stefańczyk, M.

32

Stephen, I.

28

Stojan, A.

66Štolhoferová, I.

15, 39, 41

Stürmer, T.

70

T
Takaguchi, H.

18

Tanaka, N.

18, 63

Tasso, N. A. M.

12

tt

fl

80

Tachibana, M.

18

Tebbich, S.

20

Tureček, P.

46

U
Ueno, T.

18

V
Valentová, K.

58

Vance, G.

52

Vanhaeren, M.

45

W
Weisfeld, G.

51

Welling, L.

52

Worthington, J.

77

Y
Yam, P.

71, 74Z
Zakreski, E.

58

Zeigler-Hill, V.

52

Zhang, A.

30, 71, 77

Zinck, M.

63

A endees

List of a endees
First nameLast nameContact

Cristina

Acedo-Carmona

cacedo33@hotmail.com

RafaelAlbuquerquerafael_ricciardi@usp.br

CarolineAllencaroline.allen@newcastle.ac.uk

Alley

alley@clemson.edu

Adnan

Alyan

aa788@humboldt.edu

María Teresa

Barbatomaria.barbato@usach.clMarkBernsteinmbernstein502@gmail.com

GeraldBeroldigberoldi@yahoo.com

Pia Marlena

Böhm

boehm@urbanhuman.eu

HannahCarberry

hannah11.carberry@gmail.com

Kiriakos

Chatzipentidis

kiriakos.chatzipentidis@uwr.edu.pl

AmeliaCiniawska

ciniawska@gmail.com

Tara

DeLeccetdelecce@oakland.edu

Ana Maria

Fernandez

ana.fernandez@usach.cl

IsabellaFerreira

isabella.ferreira@usp.br

Maryanne

Fisherml sher.99@gmail.com

Je reyFrederickjlf485@humboldt.edu

DanielFryntafrynta@centrum.cz

NicholasGraynicholas@graysweb.com

Jennifer

Hahn-Holbrookjhahn-holbrook@ucmerced.edu

AmandaHahn

amanda.hahn@humboldt.edu

CaitlinHarp

ch302@humboldt.edu

David

Harrisdhh2@humboldt.edu

JanHavlíček

jhavlicek@natur.cuni.cz

Chad

Hinojosa

ceh121@humboldt.edu

Iris

Holzleitneriris.holzleitner@uwe.ac.uk

Okechukwu

Iroegbuokeiroegbu@berkeley.edu

omas R.

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A endees

KJ

Jantzenjantzek@wwu.edu

McNeelJantzenjantzem@wwu.edu

ShairyJimenez Delgado

sj1045@humboldt.edu

Tatsuya

Kamedatatsuyakameda@gmail.com

Hidenori

Komatsukomatsu@criepi.denken.or.jp

Marta

Kowal

marta7kowal@gmail.com

Allan

Kugel

kugel@rutgers.edu

PeterKutsospetkout1@gmail.com

Eva

Landováevalandova@seznam.cz

Timon

Lebaron-Kherif

timon.lebaronkherif@usp.br

Jitka

Lindovajitka.lindova@seznam.cz

Lilian C.

Luchesilili.luchesi@gmail.com

Jerzy

Luty

jerzyluty@gmail.com

JessicaMarinojmarino2@ucmerced.edu

Kathrin

Masuchmasuch@urbanhuman.eu

Rebecca

McGrathrebeccamcgrath@yahoo.co.uk

Francesca

Messinam2@humboldt.edu

MichalMisiakmichal.misiak@uwr.edu.pl

Lucas

Moura

aguiarusp@usp.br

ElisabethOberzaucher

elisabeth.oberzaucher@univie.ac.at

Mary June-elPipermjpiper@unm.edu

R. Nathan

Pipitone

npipitone@fgcu.edu

John M.

Richerjohnricher@oxhs.co.uk

Juergen

Riedelsheimer

juergenriedelshei@isu.eduKateřina

Roberts

uraskova.katerina@gmail.com

S. Craig

Roberts

craig.roberts@stir.ac.uk

James

Roney

roney@psych.ucsb.edu

Mark

Schaller

schaller@psych.ubc.ca

Wulf

Schiefenhoevel

schiefenh@yahoo.de

Lucas

Schirmerlucas.rangel.schirmer@gmail.com

Nancy

Segal

nsegal@fullerton.edu

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A endees

Kraig

Sha uckksha uck@UOlivet.edu

Natalia

Siekiera

natalia.siekiera-guest@uj.edu.pl

Piotr

Sorokowski

sorokowskipiotr@yahoo.co.uk

Ian

Stephenstepheni@bournemouth.ac.uk

IvetaŠtolhoferová

stolho @natur.cuni.cz

Stürmerstuermer.theresa@gmail.com

Natália de Araújo
MirandaTasso

tasso.nati@gmail.com

MarianVanhaerenmarian.vanhaeren@u-bordeaux.fr

Povheng

Yam

py22@humboldt.edu

Alice

Zhang

alz15@humboldt.edu

eresa

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Notes89