JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology VN_AM004“Anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas utilization within wholesale markets”
A. Title of the methodology
Anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas utilization within wholesale markets,(Version 1.10)

B. Terms and definitions
TermsDefinitions

Air tightness test

A test to confirm that there is no leakage from the gas tanks
and its connecting pipes once continuous anaerobic digesters
have been installed. The test is conducted based on JIS
B8266, ISO 16528-1 or ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code.

BiogasContinuous anaerobic digester

Gases generated from anaerobic digesters.
A biogas recovery system through continuous methane
fermentation process from undiluted organic waste. The
system consists

ofconditioning tanks

and methane

fermentation tanks, inside temperature of which arecontrolled to keep mesophilous condition.
Organic waste

Solid waste that contains degradable organic matter. This
may include, for example, food waste, plant waste and sludge
from wastewater treatment plants.

Periodical check

A periodical maintenance operation done by the manufacturer
or an agent who is authorized by the manufacturer tomaintain the waste management facility performance (notincluding partial replacement or overhaul).

Waste management facility

A set of facilities such as management buildings, waste
receiving/storage areas, continuous anaerobic digesters,
storage tanks and residuals treatment equipment (if any)
located within a wholesale market to treat waste for biogas
generation.

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JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHGemission

Summary
reduction This methodology comprises measures to avoid the emissions ofmeasures

methane to the atmosphere from organic waste that have beenleft to decay anaerobically at a Solid Waste Disposal Site(SWDS) and to introduce renewable energy technologies that
supply users with biogas that displaces fossil fuel use.

Calculationofreference 1.

emissions

For avoidance of methane emissions, the reference
emissions are calculated based on the weight of organic
waste prevented from disposal at the SWDS using
first-order decay (FOD) model.

2.

For

renewableenergytechnologies

thatdisplacetechnologies using fossil fuel, the reference emissions arecalculated based on the monitored amount of biogas
supplied, Net Calorific Value (NCV) of the biogas and CO2
emission factor of the reference fossil fuel.
Calculation

ofproject Project emissions are calculated on the basis of monitoredemissions

electricity consumption.

Monitoring parametersAmount of organic waste prevented from disposal in theSWDS excluding sludge

Amount of processed biogas supplied to heat generationequipments

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

The project installs continuous anaerobic digesters within a wholesale market
whose organic wastes have been disposed at a SWDS where the generated
landfill gas is not recovered, and utilizes generated biogas for heat generation.

Criterion 2

The waste management facility to which the project continuous anaerobic
digesters are installed is equipped with a device to remove hydrogen sulphidefrom the biogas before the generated gas is fed into the gas holders and tanks.

Criterion 3

Air tightness test is conducted at least once before starting operation of thecontinuous anaerobic digesters.

Criterion 4

Plan to avoid methane emissions from the residuals from project anaerobic2

JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
digestion is prepared (e.g. including economic use such as sold as fertilizer orother appropriate treatment).
Criterion 5

Periodical check at least once a year is planned.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Methane emissions from decay of organic waste

CH4

Fossil fuel consumption by the heat generation equipments

CO2

Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Grid eElectricity consumption by the waste management facility

CO2F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
Reference emissions consist of two types of emission sources:
1)

Methane emissions from decay of organic waste at SWDS

2)

Fossil fuel consumption by the heat generation equipments

1) Calculation of reference emissions from decay of organic waste at SWDS
Organic waste from wholesale markets is typically landfilled at SWDSs and anaerobicallydigested which leads to methane emissions to the atmosphere. The reference emissions fromdecay of organic waste are calculated using the FOD model adopted in the 2006 IPCC
Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
2) Calculation of reference emissions from fossil fuel consumption by the heat generationequipments
The generated biogas from anaerobic digesters replaces the fossil fuel which is used for heatgeneration by the heat generation equipments within the wholesale market. The reference
emissions from fossil fuel consumption are calculated by multiplying the amount of biogas
supplied to the heat generation equipments, the NCV of the biogas and CO2 emission factor ofthe reference fossil fuel.

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JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10Sectoral scope: 13[Net emission reductions]
Net emission reductions are achieved in this methodology by setting the default DOC value
conservatively in line with 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories asthe followings:
Food waste, which has the lowest DOC value among organic waste types, is assumed torepresent the organic waste from wholesale markets

Default DOC value of 8%, which is the lower value of the range 8-20% for food waste, isapplied

F.2. Calculation of reference emissions
RE୮ = REେୌସ,୮ + RE୊୊,୮
WhereREp

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

RECH4,p Reference emissions from decay of organic waste during the period p [tCO2/p]
REFF, pReference emissions from fossil fuel consumption for heat generation during theperiod p [tCO2/p]

Reference emissions from decay of organic waste during the period p (RECH4,p) is accounted
only after 13 months have passed from the first disposal at the SWDS due to delay in generationof CH4 from the time of disposal at the SWDS.

REେୌସ,୮ =୮_ୣ୬ୢ෍

୫ୀ୮_ୱ୲ୟ୰୲൝ (1 − f) × GWPେୌସ × (1 − OX) ×୫ିଵଷ16× F × DOC୤ × MCF12୩୩× ෍ W୶ × DOC × eିଵଶ(୫ିଵଷି୶) × ൬1 − eିଵଶ ൰ൡWhere

୶ୀଵRECH4,pReference emissions from decay of organic waste during the period p [tCO2/p]

fFraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in anothermanner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere

GWPCH4Global warming potential (GWP) of methane

OXOxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is oxidized in4

JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
the soil or other material covering the waste)
16/12

Molecular weight ratio of methane and carbon

F

Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas [volume fraction]

DOCf

Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that decomposes under specificconditions occurring in the SWDS [weight fraction]

MCF

Methane correction factor

Wx

Amount of organic waste prevented from disposal in the SWDS in month x [t]DOC

Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by weight) [weight fraction]k

Decay rate [1/year]x

Months in the time period in which waste is disposed at the SWDS, extending fromthe first month in the time period (x=1) to month m (x=m)

m

The Nth month from the first disposal at the SWDS, extending from the first monthof the period p (m=p_start) to the last month of the period p (m=p_end)

p_startThe Nth month from the first disposal, which is the first month of the period p. If thatmonth is smaller than 14 and p_end is larger than 13, p_start is set at 14 because
CH4 generation can be accounted only after 13 months have passed since the firstdisposal at the SWDS.

p_end

The Nth month from the first disposal, which is the last month of the period p. Ifp_end is smaller than 14, CH4 generation cannot be accounted.

REிி,௣ = RE஻ீ,௣ × NCV஻ீ × EF஼ைଶ,௜WhereREFF,pReference emissions from fossil fuel usage for heat generation during the period p[tCO2/p]

REBG, pAmount of processed biogas supplied to heat generation equipments during theperiod p [t/p]

NCVBG

Net calorific value of the processed biogas [GJ/t]

EFCO2,iCO2 emission factor of fossil fuel i [tCO2/GJ]

i

Type of fossil fuel i consumed by the heat generation equipments

G. Calculation of project emissions
PE௣ = PEC௣ × EFୣ୪ୣୡ
Where5

JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
PEp

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PECp

Amount of electricity consumption by the waste management facility during theperiod p [MWh/p]

EFelecCO2 emission factor of the electricity consumed [tCO2/MWh]

H. Calculation of emissions reductions
ER ௣ = RE௣ − PE௣
WhereERp

GHG emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]

REp

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PEp

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter
EFelecDescription of data

SourceCO2 emissions factor of the electricity[Grid electricity]

consumed [tCO2/MWh]

Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment (MONRE),

When project waste management facility

Vietnamese DNA for CDM

consumes only grid electricity or captive

unless otherwise instructed byelectricity, the project participant applies thethe Joint Committee.

CO2 emission factor respectively.
When project waste management facility may[Captive electricity]

consume both grid electricity and captive

For the option a)electricity, the project participant applies theSpecification of the captive

CO2 emission factor with higherlower value.

power

generation

systemprovided by the manufacturer[CO2 emission factor](ηelec,CG [%]).

For grid electricity: The most recent value CO2 emission factor of theavailable from the source stated in this table at fossil fuel type used in thethe time of validation

captive6

power

generation

JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
system (EFfuel,CG [tCO2/GJ])
For captive electricity, it is determined basedon the following options:

For the option b)
Generatedandsupplieda) Calculated from its power generationelectricity by the captive power

efficiency (ηelec,CG [%]) obtained fromgeneration system (EGPJ,CG,pmanufacturer’s specification[MWh/p]).

The power generation efficiency based on

Fuel amount consumed by thelower heating value (LHV) of the captive

captivepowergeneration

power generation system from thesystem(FCPJ,CG,p[massmanufacturer’s specification is applied;volume/p]).

EFୣ୪ୣୡ = 3.6 ×100

ηୣ୪ୣୡ,େୋ

× EF୤୳ୣ୪,େୋorNet calorific value (NCVfuel,CG[GJ/mass or volume]) and CO2
emissionfactorb) Calculated from measured data[tCO2/GJ])

ofThe power generation efficiency calculated

consumed by the captive powerfrom monitored data of the amount of fuelgeneration system in order of

input for power generation (FCPJ,CG,p) and thepreference:amount of electricity generated (EGPJ,CG,p)1) values provided by the fuelduring the monitoring period p is applied. The

supplier;

measurement is conducted with the monitoring2) measurement by the projectequipment to which calibration certificate isparticipants;

issued by an entity accredited under3) regional or national default

national/international standards;

values;EFୣ୪ୣୡ = FC୔୎,େୋ,୮ × NCV୤୳ୣ୪,େୋ × EF୤୳ୣ୪,େୋ

4) IPCC default values

Where:×1EG୔୎,େୋ,୮

(EFfuel,CGthefuelprovided in tables 1.2 and 1.4
of Ch.1 Vol.2 of 2006 IPCC
Guidelines on National GHG

NCVfuel,CG: Net calorific value of fuelInventories. Higher value isconsumed by the captive power generation

applied.

system [GJ/mass or volume][Captive electricity with diesel
Note:fuel]In case the captive electricity generation

CDM approved small scale

system meets all of the following conditions,

methodology: AMS-I.A.

the value in the following table may be
applied to EFelec depending on the consumed
7[Captive electricity with natural

JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
fuel type.

gas]
2006 IPCC Guidelines onThe system is non-renewable generation

National GHG Inventories forsystem

the source of EF of natural gas.

Electricity generation capacity of theCDM Methodological toolsystem is less than or equal to 15 MW"Determining the baseline
efficiency of thermal or electricfuel typeEFୣ୪ୣୡDiesel
fuel0.98 *1

Natural gas
0.6 .46 *12energy generation systems
version02.0" for the default
efficiency for off-grid powerplants.CDM approved small*1 The most recent value at the time ofscale methodology AMS-I.A

validation is applied.
*12 The value is calculated with the equationin the option a) above. The higherlower valueof default effective CO2 emission factor fornatural gas (0.05483 tCO2/GJ), and the mostefficient value of default efficiency for off-gridgas turbine systems (4235%) are applied.[CO2emission factor]
For grid electricity: The most recent value
available from the source stated in this table atthe time of validation
For captive electricity: 0.8* [tCO2/MWh]*The most recent value available from CDM
approved small scale methodology AMS-I.A
at the time of validation is applied.
EFCO2,iCO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel iCountry specific data or IPCC

[tCO2/GJ]

default value from “2006 IPCC

If the project supplies the biogas to theGuidelines for National

existing heat generation equipments, CO2

Greenhouse Gas Inventories”.

emission factor of the fossil fuel i which hasLower limit value of the default

been used in the existing equipments is

CO2 emission factor is applied.

applied. If the project supplies the biogas to
new equipments, the CO2 emission factor ofnatural gas is applied.
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JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
fFraction of methane captured at the SWDS

Default value in theand flared, combusted or used in anothermethodology

manner that prevents the emissions of methane
to the atmosphere
f=0
GWPCH4Global Warming Potential of methane (100-yr

IPCC Fourth Assessment

value)

Report (2.10.2 Direct Global

GWPCH4=25

Warming Potentials, Table
2.14)

OX

Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of2006 IPCC guidelines formethane from SWDS that is oxidized in theNational Greenhouse Gas

soil or other material covering the waste)

Inventories (Volume 3, Table

Value of either 0.1 or 0 is applied to OX

3.2)

depending on the type of SWDS.
Type of SWDSOX default
values1

Managed , unmanaged and0

uncategorised SWDSManaged covered with CH4oxidising material
10.1

2Managed but not covered with aeratedmaterial2F

Examples: soil, compost

Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas [volume

2006 IPCC guidelines for

fraction]

National Greenhouse Gas

F=0.5

Inventories (Volume 5, Chapter
3, “FRACTION OF CH4 IN
GENERATED LANDFILLGAS (F)”)

DOCf

MCF

Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC)

2006 IPCC guidelines forthat decomposes under specific conditions

National Greenhouse Gas

occurring in the SWDS [weight fraction]

Inventories (Volume 5, Table

DOCf=0.5

2.4 and 2.5)

Methane correction factor

2006 IPCC guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (Volume 5, Table9JCM_VN_AM004_ver01.10
Sectoral scope: 13
Type of SWDS

Value

Anaerobic managed SWDS

1.0

Semi-aerobic managed SWDS

0.5

Unmanaged SWDS-deep

0.8

Unmanaged-shallow SWDS or

0.43.1)stockpiles that are considered
SWDS
In Ho Chi Minh City, Type of SWDSs is
Anaerobic managed SWDS.
DOC

Fraction of degradable organic carbon (by2006 IPCC Guidelines forweight) [weight fraction]

National Greenhouse Gas

DOC =0.08

Inventories (Volume 5, Tables
2.4 and 2.5)

Lower value of the range 8-20% for foodwaste set in IPCC 2006 Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories isapplied.
kDecay rate [1/year]

2006 IPCC Guidelines for

k=0.4

National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (Volume 5, Table3.3)

NCVBG

Net calorific value of the biogas [GJ/t]

2006 IPCC Guidelines for

NCVBG = 50.4

National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (Volume 2, Table1.2)

History of the document
Version01.1

Date
10 October 201701.0

4 August 2015

Contents revised
JC6 Revision of methods to determine CO2 emission factor
for consumed electricity in section I
JC4, Annex 1
Initial approval.

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