Additional information on luminous efficiency of reference street
lighting
SummaryIn Indonesia, there is an ongoing initiative that promotes the replacement of conventional street
lighting with light emitting diode (LED) for increased energy efficiency and GHG emission
reductions, but the installation rate of LED street lighting at the national level is estimated to below. Despite its low installation rate of LED street lighting, to ensure the conservativeness inreference technology and the net emission reductions in Indonesia, the reference technology inthis methodology is set to LED street lighting accompanied by lighting control system with theluminous efficiencies of 115 lm/W or 100 lm/W, depending on the rated power consumption(RPC) of project street lighting.

1.

Policy circumstances of street lighting

According to the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)1, the Republic of Indonesia
aims for a balanced growth between its current and future development and poverty reduction
priorities, pledging to reduce GHG emissions by 26% voluntarily (41% with internationalsupport) by 2020 and 29% (41% with international support) by 2030 compared to Business-asUsual (BaU) scenario. To manage growing demands for electricity resulted from the promotionof economic growth and poverty alleviation, one important measure is to increase the energy
efficiency of demand side that will lead to the decrease in energy consumption and accordingly
GHG emissions.
For this purpose, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) of the Republic ofIndonesia has established a program called “Smart Street Lighting Initiative (SSLI)” 2 as
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), which intends to increase the energy
efficiency of street lighting by replacing conventional ones with more efficient technologies suchas LED. Having started with small-scale pilot projects in 2014, SSLI is still ongoing with theexpansion of its scale and projects to yield 425,000 tCO2 emission reductions by 2020 with theinstallation of 350,000 lamps in 15 middle-sized cities.

1

UNFCCC website<http://www4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/Indonesia%20First/First%20NDC%20Indones
ia_submitted%20to%20UNFCCC%20Set_November%20%202016.pdf>
2
UNFCCC website<http://www4.unfccc.int/sites/nama/_layouts/un/fccc/nama/NamaSeekingSupportForImplementation.aspx?ID=55&viewOnly=1>

1

2.

Use of conventional street lighting and progress of SSLIThe study team conducted surveys through Internet search and interviews to identify the current
use of conventional street lighting and the progress of SSLI. First, we conducted an interview ontypes of existing street lighting and the installation rate for each in Jakarta which is the mosturbanized and developed city. As indicated in Table 1, the most widespread type of street lighting
as of 2015 is high pressure sodium (HPS) that is generally less efficient than LED. The installation
rate of LED street lighting is very low even in Jakarta City. There are also other types of street
lighting such as fluorescent and mercury lamps with small installation rates.

Table 1: Existing street lighting and installation rate in Jakarta (as of 2015)

Street lighting Type

RPC

Number of Lighting

Installation Rate

[W]

[Unit][%]High Pressure Sodium (HPS)

70 – 400

161,863

90.5

Fluorescent

18 – 40

4,018

2.2

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

25 – 250

3,140

1.8

Mercury

28 – 400

2,382

1.3

Others

N/A

7,515

4.2

178,918

100.0

Total
Source: Expert interviewThe study team also investigated the progress of SSLI by estimating the installation rate of LEDstreet lighting in Indonesia attributed to this initiative. According to MEMR, the total LED street
lighting that have been installed through SSLI is about 13,700 unit. The number of installed units
for each year is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Progress of SSLI (2015-16)

YearLED street lighting[Unit]
LED street lightingwith solar PV [Unit]
Total [Unit]

2015

2016

Total (2015-16)

670

7,462

8,132

516

5,005

5,521

1,186

12,467

13,653

Source: MEMR presentation materials provided by the Indonesian technical panel of the Joint
Committee for the JCM between Indonesia and Japan

2

The number of total street lighting currently installed in Indonesia is not officially published bythe national government. Due to this data unavailability, the study team estimated the number
based on electricity consumption by street lighting in 2016 and simple assumptions about theiroperation hour and RPC, as shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Estimated number of street lighting in Indonesia

Parameter
Electricity Consumption in2016 [GWh]StreetLighting

Value
3,498

Type [-]HPSRPC [W]400

Operation hour
[Hour * Day]
Estimated Number of Street
Lighting [Unit]

Source/Rationality
Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics ofIndonesia 2017, published by MEMR3
The most widespread type of street lighting inJakarta City
Conservatively estimated value, maximum valueof RPC of HPSs installed in Jakarta City4
Conservatively estimated value, longer than

13 * 365

operation hour of LED street lighting installed
through SSLI5

1,842,993

Estimated value based on the above data andassumptions.

Based on the numbers of installed LEDs through SSLI and all street lighting in Indonesia, as wellas the assumption that the all non-replaced street lighting through SSLI are HPSs, it is estimatedthat the installation rate of LED street lighting resulted from the initiative is about 0.74%. Sincesome cities such as Jakarta City would have already begun to promote the replacement of
conventional street lighting with LED, the above-mentioned assumption does not necessarily
hold; therefore, the true installation rate of LED street lighting should be somewhat higher than
0.74%. However, the true installation rate is projected to be still low.

3.

Establishment of the luminous efficiency of reference street lighting

In spite of the current low installation rate of LED street lighting, it is rational to conservatively
set LED street lighting with lighting control system, assumedly the most advanced technology atpresent, as reference technology, considering the future potential in the expansion of SSLI and3

https://www.esdm.go.id/assets/media/content/content-handbook-of-energy-economic-statistics-ofindonesia-2017-.pdf
4Through the interview with experts, it was found that there are mainly four classes based on RPC ofHPSs: 70W for alley road, 150W for local road, 250W for collector road, and 400W for protocol/arteryroad.
5MEMR presentation materials provided by the Indonesian technical panel of the Joint Committee for
the JCM between Indonesia and Japan.

3emergence of other similar programs/policies. The study team researched the luminous efficiency
of LED street lighting available in the country, and found that the most efficient products among
possible models were produced by an Indonesian manufacturer and had efficiencies of 115 lm/W
(RPC = 40W) and 100 lm/W (RPC = 90W and 120W).

Figure 1: Luminous efficiency and RPC of the most efficient products

Source: Manufacturer’s specifications and catalogues
Since the luminous efficiency tends to decrease as input power increases, the luminous
efficiencies of reference street lighting are set to these two values depending on the RPC of project
street lighting, as summarized in Table 4. The selection of the most efficient products as theluminous efficiency of reference street lighting ensures conservativeness and leads to net emission
reductions.
Table 4: Luminous efficiencies of reference street lighting
RPC of project street lighting
Luminous

efficiencyof

reference street lighting

4RPC ≤ 90W

RPC > 90W

115 lm/W

100 lm/W