Country-Specific
Safety Culture Forum: JapanProgrammeTokyo International Forum
14-15 December 2023

NE A

Of the many lessons learnt about nuclear safety over the years,
among the most difficult to address has been that human andorganisational aspects in the sector are as important as any
technical issue. It is now widely accepted by the international
nuclear community, particularly since the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant accident, that human and organisational
aspects, including safety culture, require substantial attention.
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has carried out significant
work and analysis in this area and one significant conclusion it
has reached is that safety culture is influenced substantially by national culture. In
other words, the manifestation of cultural traits in an organisation has a critical
impact on its safety culture.
With this in mind, the NEA has co-operated with the World Association of Nuclear
Operators (WANO) to develop a framework for advancing dialogue and analysis on
this topic. This framework is called the Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum (CSSCF)
and has so far been held in Sweden (2018), Finland (2019) and Canada (2022).
Each CSSCF involves a fulsome and in-depth assessment of a given country’s cultural
assets and challenges, as well as measures that may be taken to strengthen the safety
culture within its regulatory bodies and operators. CSSCF Japan provides theopportunity to identify and understand elements of the national traits and attributes in
the Japanese culture that could either enhance safety and day-to-day operations orprovide challenges that should be addressed across the nuclear community.
The participants from the Japanese nuclear community are, of course, the heart ofCSSCF Japan and we are happy to see that this CSSCF is the largest yet organisedby the NEA. CSSCF Japan is made possible by the commitment of Japan’s Nuclear
Regulation Authority (NRA), the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan(FEPC) and all the affiliated Japanese nuclear operators and organisations that havejoined the NEA and WANO on this journey. The NEA team, along with our colleagues
from the WANO Tokyo Centre, have worked intensively to develop, organise andco-ordinate the many elements that make up this forum and support the Japanesenuclear sector as it seeks continuous improvement in its safety culture and nuclear
safety overall. Everyone involved should be proud of their contributions and of thiscollective mission of ensuring nuclear safety.

William D. Magwood, IVDirector-General
Nuclear Energy Agency

1Please accept my warmest welcome to the Country-Specific
Safety Culture Forum (CSSCF). This is the fourth CSSCF that theWorld Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) has coorganised with the Nuclear Energy Agency.
WANO has served the commercial nuclear power industry since
its establishment in 1989. Our mission is to maximise the safety
and reliability of nuclear power plants worldwide. Our
philosophy is to unite a competitive industry into a communityof nuclear operators that is cohesive, highly collaborative, andfully committed to safe and reliable nuclear plant operations.
Our industry shares a common focus on nuclear safety and on a deep respect forthis technology and the individual’s role in its safe operation. Nuclear safety culture– which WANO defines as the core values and behaviours resulting from a collective
commitment by leaders and individuals to emphasise safety over competing goals,
to ensure protection of people and the environment – is fundamental to ourindustry’s operation.
However, our global industry exists within a broad diversity of cultures. We must
recognise that local cultural influences are important, and must be considered as weseek to promote best practices and behaviours across the global fleet of nuclear
power plants.
During this forum, you will have an opportunity to explore safety culture from various
perspectives. You will have discussions with nuclear plant operators, regulators andother experts who are native to Japan. Additionally, you will hear the perspectives ofinternational nuclear professionals from a variety of countries and cultures.
The CSSCF is designed to help broaden your understanding of nuclear safety andbetter recognise the influence of Japanese culture on our work in the nuclear sector.
WANO is pleased to partner with the NEA in the development and implementationof this forum. I appreciate your attendance and encourage you to engage actively inthe CSSCF activities.

Naoki Chigusa
Chief Executive Officer
World Association of Nuclear Operators2

As nuclear operators, we believe it is important to work
proactively and continuously to improve safety without lettingthe lessons of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
accident fade away, and have been working to foster a strong
safety culture.
We hope that a new perspective on how Japanese culture andcustoms influence safety behaviour, as well as the learning andinsights gained from the exchange of views among nuclear
operators, regulatory authorities, local governments andinternational organisations at the Country-Specific Safety
Culture Forum in Japan, will contribute to further developing aculture of safety in our industry.

Kazuhiro Ikebe
ChairmanFederation of Electric Power Companies of Japan3

We are pleased to attend the Country-Specific Safety Culture
Forum in Japan, co-hosted by the Nuclear Energy Agency andthe World Association of Nuclear Operators.
National and regional traits inevitably influence basic
assumptions at the deepest level of Schein’s model of safety
culture. From this perspective, this forum is unique as it delves
into safety culture from that perspective. Bringing together
operators and regulators, as well as stakeholders from othercountries and local governments, for further discussion should
provide a valuable learning opportunity for each of them.
We have great expectations that the participants will take the experiences of this forum
back to their respective organisations and reflect them in their daily activities, leading
to the maintenance and development of a strong nuclear safety culture in Japan.

Shinsuke Yamanaka
Chairman
Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan

4

General information
Background
National and cultural contexts have a direct impact on nuclear safety, and there has
been an increased focus on this since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power
Plant accident. The World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Nuclear
Energy Agency (NEA) have decided to support their member countries by offering
this two-day Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum (CSSCF) designed to explore theimpact of national contexts on nuclear safety culture. Japan will be the fourthcountry to hold the forum after Sweden, Finland and Canada. Participants will
engage in self-reflection on their national cultural attributes in relation to safety
culture and will participate in role-playing and plenary sessions.

Time/venue
Date: 14-15 December 2023
Location: Tokyo International Forum (〒100-0005, Marunouchi 3-5-1, Chiyoda-ku,Japan)
Plenary room: D block – Hall D5, 5th floor
Language: The CSSCF will be held in Japanese with simultaneous translation into
English for international observers.

NEA contacts
Ms Anaïs Nouailles-Mayeur, PhD
CSSCF Technical lead
Tel.: +33 (0) 1 73 21 29 32
Anais.NOUAILLES-MAYEUR@oecd-nea.org
Ms Ursula Arnal Diffu
Project and Events Co-ordinator
Tel.: +33 (0) 1 73 21 29 31
Ursula.ARNALDIFFU@oecd-nea.org

5Ms Minori KatoCSSCF Technical Secretariat
Tel.: +33 (0) 1 73 21 29 45
Minori.KATO@oecd-nea.org

ProgrammeThursday, 14 December 2023
08:30

Registration
Opening session *open to the public

09:00

Welcome remarks- NEA / DG Magwood- WANO / CEO Chigusa

09:20

Regulator's perspective- NRA / Chairman Yamanaka

09:30

Operator's perspective- Chubu Electric Power / CNO Ihara

09:40

Overview of the forum: Logistics, structure, objectives and expected
outcomes
Japanese context session

09:55

Lecture by a social commentator
Dr Robert Campbell

10:40

Coffee break and group photo

11:00

Breakout session 1
Group breakout discussion and a “yellow post-it” exercise todetermine the key Japanese traits noted by the social commentator

12:00

Reflections
Facilitators’ wrap-up of the findings from each group (in plenary)

12:45

Lunch613:30

Overview of role-playing and instructions
ACT 1 session

13:45

Role play: Scenes 1, 2

14:05

Breakout session 2

15:05

Reflections

15:35

Coffee break
ACT 2 session

15:55

Role play: Scenes 3, 4

16:15

Breakout session 3

17:15

Reflections

18:15

CSSCF reception

20:15

End of day 17

Friday, 15 December 2023
ACT 3 session
08:20

Opening

08:30

Role-playing: Scenes 5, 6A&B

08:50

Breakout session 4

09:50

Reflections

10:20

Coffee break
ACT 4 session

10:40

Role-playing: Scenes 7, 8, 9, 10

11:00

Breakout session 5

12:00

Reflections

12:30

Lunch
Wrap-up session

13:30

Local government perspectives

13:45

International perspectives in panel discussion format- China (People’s Republic of), Korea, United Kingdom and United States

14:30

Coffee break

14:50

WANO's observations- WANO-TC / DG Kim

15:00

Home organisation discussion
Participants meet with colleagues from their home organisations toreflect on the forum

15:45

Open dialogue - key takeaways, reflections and commitments

17:00

Coffee break

8Closing session *open to the public
17:20

Closing remarks- NRA / Commissioner Ban- Kansai Electric Power / CNO Mizuta- WANO / CEO Chigusa- NEA / DG Magwood

17:40

End of CSSCF

9

Room information
Breakout groups

ROOM

Group 1G401

Group 2G403

Group 3G404

Group 4G405

Group 5G407

Group 6G408

Group 7G410

Group 8D503

Lunch roomG409

Reception

G block, 7 floor

10Acknowledgements
The NEA thanks the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC) and theJapan Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) for their valuable contribution
to the realisation of the Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum.

11Notes12

The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is an intergovernmental agency under theframework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) headquartered in Paris, France. Its main objective is to promoteinternational co-operation assisting member countries in maintaining andfurther developing the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe,
environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

NE A

Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
46, quai Alphonse Le Gallo
92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, FranceTel.: +33 (0)1 73 21 28 19
nea@oecd-nea.org www.oecd-nea.org

Cover photos: Mount Fuji, Japan (Sean Pavone/Shutterstock); Ohi Nuclear power plant, Japan (Kansai Electric Power
Co./CC BY-SA 2.); Technicians (maroke/Shutterstock).