学 位 論 文

論文題目の 要旨

Developing Risk Management Framework for Small-scale Shrimp Farming- A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia -(小規模エビ養殖業のためのリスク・マネージメントの発展―インドネシア、東ジャワの事例―)

広島大学大学院生物圏科学研究科
生物資源科学専攻
学生番号Ｄ150559

氏

Riski Agung Lestariadi

名Aquaculture becomes the main contributor to Indonesian fisheries products to fulfill thefast growing of domestic and global demand. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries ofRepublic of Indonesia stated that total production of aquaculture reached 14.35 million tons
compared to 6.48 million tons made up from capture fisheries production. Thus, the FAO
ranks Indonesia as the second largest aquaculture producer in the world. Indonesian export
commodities were dominated by seaweed, shrimp, tuna, crab, and pearl. Among thosecommodities, shrimp was the largest (49.42%) in term of value in a couple of years.
Indonesia exports two primary species of shrimp, consist of the giant black tiger(Panaeus monodon) and pacific white leg shrimp (Panaeus vannamei). Compare to the giant
black tiger, vannamei contributes two third (1.5 million tons) of the total Indonesian shrimp
production. In a couple of years, the production of vannamei increased consistently by anaverage of 13.82% per year. Such a fast growth of Indonesian shrimp production has caused
many challenges. Shrimp diseases, environmental degradation, shrimp price fluctuation, andproduct rejection from importing countries were some of the few issues that affected
Indonesian shrimp production in the last several years. Therefore, shrimp farming today isbeing increasingly exposed to risk and uncertainty in which those risks inherent to all
activities in their business. All those risks are potential to damaging shrimp industry and need
to be managed in a systematic way for sustainability of shrimp industry. Thus, a solid risk
management framework is much needed for Indonesian shrimp industry, particularly insmall-scale level.
The purpose of this study is to develop a risk management framework for Indonesiansmall-scale shrimp farming.

Two specific objectives are proposed, consist of (1) toinvestigate the small-scale farmers’ attitude and perception of risks and risk management
strategies related to small-scale shrimp farming; (2) to develop a risk management
framework through identifying the sources of risk and management strategies, as well asevaluate the effectiveness of existing management strategies. This study was carried out in
two areas of East Java, Indonesia. They are Lamongan (South coast of East Java) andBanyuwangi (North coast of East Java) district, which were selected purposively due to themain shrimp producing areas in East Java. Purposive random sampling using the TaroYamane formula was conducted to select the sample of small-scale shrimp farmers in thestudy areas. A total of 166 small-scale shrimp farmers were selected. Before starting fieldsurveys, in-depth interviews with the extension officers, academia, and head of shrimp
farmer groups was conducted to avoid missing any relevant information.
This study used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple linear regression tomeasure the impact of socioeconomic characteristics of farmers on their perception of riskand management strategies. Based on factor analysis, the results revealed that input and pond
preparation, finance and credit access, production, personal, harvesting and marketing,weather and environment, policy and institutional, and business environment were major
sources of risks in shrimp farming. The findings of regression indicate that the farmers’perceptions were influenced by various factors such as the age, experience, education level,availability of off-farm income, and location of a shrimp farm. Our results indicated that thefarmers’ perception of risk and risk management strategies are farm specific. The findings
showed that the shrimp farmers develop a range of strategies and conversely, a risk
management strategy can apply to mitigate different types of risk source.
Regarding developing the risk management framework for shrimp farming, this study
used the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 standard as the foundation of the framework due to its
appropriateness to the scale of Indonesian shrimp industry, which mainly at the small-scalelevel. The AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 standard consist of seven-step risk management process,which are (1) Communication and consultation, (2) Establishing the context, (3) Risk
identification, (4) Risk analysis, (5) Risk evaluation, (6) Risk treatment, and (7) Monitoring
and review. Moreover, Business Process Model (BPM) method has been explicitly used in
the third step to identify the sources of risk involved in small-scale shrimp farming. Based on
the results, this study found that the farmers had six risk management options to deal with therisks in their shrimp farms. The framework allows the farmers to choose the optimal risk
management strategies based on the degree of efficacy of management strategies. Specifically,
the framework allows the shrimp farmers to measure, rank, analyses, and priorities the riskfor treatment in their business.