歴史地震
第35号(2020) 139-155頁
受付日 2019/11/30, 受理日 2020/04/13

䠷㈨ᩱ䠹᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾෗┿グ㘓䛾඲యീ♫ᅋἲேඹྠ㏻ಙ♫෗┿䝕䞊䝍㒊კク㻌*㻌 ἟⏣Ύ

An Overview of the Records of Meiji Sanriku Tsunami Photographs
Kiyoshi NUMATA
Photo data section of Kyodo News Service, 1-7-1 Higashi-Shimbashi, Minat-ku,
Tokyo, 105-7201 JapanThe Meiji Sanriku Tsunami triggered by a huge earthquake on June 15, 1896, left 22,000 people dead. Photographic
records of the tragedy had been widely believed to be scarce.㻌 The author started research on the subject in May
2012 after examining 48 photos of the tsunami in photographer Matsuchi Nakajima’s albums, which have been heldby antique photo collector and researcher Keisho Ishiguro. I found that a total of 25 photographers from Miyagi,
Iwate and Aomori prefectures as well as Tokyo and surrounding prefectures went to the disaster region. About 250
photos taken by 11 photographers were published, and a certain number of those photos were confirmed to havebeen kept as photographic plates and prints at the Morioka Local Meteorological Office, the Imperial Household
Agency’s archives, the Japan Red Cross Society and other locations. This paper is an overview of the findings to
help scholars on the history of disasters find pertinent photographs.
Keywords: Meiji Sanriku Tsunami, photographer.
㼲㻝㻚㻌㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻝㻤㻥㻢䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻥䠅ᖺ 㻢 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧 㻞 ୓ 㻞 ༓ே䛜≛≅䛻䛺䛳䛯᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾෗┿グ㘓䛿ᚑ᮶䠈ᑡ䛺䛔䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯䠊➹⪅䛿 㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶䠈ྂ෗┿◊✲ᐙ䛾▼㯮ᩗ❶Ặ䛜ᡤⶶ䛩䜛୰ᓥᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮䛾᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ෗┿䠄඲ 㻠㻤 ᯛ䠅䛾Ⅼ᳨䜢ዎᶵ䛻ㄪᰝ䜢ጞ䜑䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈㻌 ⿕⅏䛧䛯ᐑᇛ䠈ᒾᡭ䠈㟷᳃䛾 㻟┴䛿䜒䛱䜝䜣䠈ᮾி䛸䛭䛾࿘㎶䛛䜙䜒ే䛫䛶 㻞㻡 ே䛾෗┿ᖌ䛜⌧ᆅධ䜚䛧䠈䛭䛾ෆ䛾 㻝㻝 ே䛜᧜䛳䛯⣙ 㻞㻡㻜ᯛ䛾෗┿䛜ୡ䛻ฟ䛶䠈୍㒊䛿ཎ஝ᯈ䜔䝥䝸䞁䝖䛷┒ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䠈ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊䠈᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫䛺䛹䛻ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊௨ୗ䛻䛭䛾඲య≧ἣ䜢ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊⅏ᐖྐ䛾◊✲⪅䛜㈨ᩱ෗┿䜢ධᡭ䛩䜛㝿䛾୍ຓ䛻䛺䜜䜀ᖾ䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌㼲㻞㻚㻌 ୕㝣ධ䜚䛧䛯෗┿ᖌ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䛸䛝䛾෗┿ᖌ䛾ື䛝䜢ㄪ䜉䛯䠊㻌ὠἼⓎ⏕䛛䜙༙᭶ᚋ䠈෗┿㞧ㄅ䛄෗┿᪂ሗ䛅➨ 㻤㻞ྕ䠷⋞㮵㤋䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢䠅䠹䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻᭩䛝䠈෗┿ᖌ䛾ዧ㉳䜢ಁ䛧䛯䠊䛂ᾏთ㻌 Ṉᅇ㔩▼㏆ഐ䜢く䜂䛯䜛ᾏთ䛿ᐿ䛻඼ጾ⊛Ⅿ䛻䛧䛶ྂ᮶⛥䛻ぢ䛧⛬䛻ᦆᐖ䜢㔊䛧䛯䜚䛸ப䜅㻌 ა䛶⃰ᑿ䛾㟈⅏䛒䜛䜔ᑃ┿ᖌ䛿㉮䛫⾜䛝䛶*඼᭷ᵝ䜢᧜ᙳ䛫䜛䜒Ṉᅇ䛿ఱᨾ䛛⿕ᐖᆅ䛻ฟᙇ䛩䜛ᑃ┿ᖌᑡ䛧㻌 ཪᗁ⇠᭳➼䜢ദ䛧⩏ᤑ㔠䜢ເ䜛➼䛾ᨀ䛻ฟ䛩䜛ே䛒䜛䜢⪺䛛䛩㻌 ඼⅏ᐖ䛾኱䛺䜛䛻ᘬ᭰䜈ୡே䛾ὀព䜢ច䛟䛣䛸䛾ᑡ䛺䜛䛿୍ወ䛸ப䜅䜈䛧䛃䠊㻌䛧䛛䛧䛣䜜䛿ᐇែ䛸኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛䠊䛩䛷䛻 㻢 ᭶ᮎ䛻䛿ᆅඖ䛿䜒䛱䜝䜣ᮾி䛸䛭䛾࿘㎶䛛䜙䛾ฟᙇ⪅䜒ྵ䜑䠈㻞㻜 ே䜢㉸䛩෗┿ᖌ䛜୕㝣ἢᓊ䛻ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊㻌⫼ᬒ䛻䛿䠈෗┿䛾᪉ᘧ䛜‵ᯈ䛛䜙஝ᯈ䛻ษ䜚᭰䜟䛳䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜኱䛝䛔㼇㔠Ꮚ㻔㻞㻜㻜㻡㻕㼉䠊ឤᮦ䛾ㄪᩚ䜔⌧ീฎ⌮䜢᧜ᙳ⌧ሙ䛷䜔䜙䛺䛟䛶῭䜏䠈ᶵᮦ୍ᘧ䛿䝁䞁䝟䜽䝖䛻䛺䜚䠈ᶵືᛶ䛜୍Ẽ䛻㧗䜎䛳䛯䠊෗┿ᖌ䛿䝇䝍䝆䜸䛛䜙ゎᨺ䛥䜜✺Ⓨ䛾㐲㝸ᆅ䜈䜒᧜ᙳ䛻ฟ䛛䛡䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊ᚋ㏙䛾኱ᶫஎ⩚䠄༤ᩥ㤋䠅䛿㻘ᐑᇛ┴ෆ⿕⅏ᆅ䛾䝹䝫䛂⵬⏣☐ᾏ㘓䛃䛷㻘஝ᯈ䛾ධ䜜᭰䛘ሙ㠃䜢グ㏙䛧䛶䛔䜛㼇኱ᶫ㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍㻕㼉䠊ᙼ➼䛾ྡ๓䛸ື㟼䛿䠈⿕⅏ 㻟 ┴䛾ᆅඖ⣬ 㻡 ⣬䠄ᐑᇛ┴䛾ዟ⩚᪥᪥䠈ᮾ໭᪂⪺䠈ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䠈ᒾᡭ┴䛾ᒾᡭබሗ䠈㟷᳃┴䛾ᮾዟ᪥ሗ䠅䛾グ஦䜔ᗈ࿌䛸䠈⾜ᨻ䛾グ㘓ᩥ᭩䛄ᒾᡭ┴㝣୰ᅜ༡㛢ఀ㒆ᾏთ⣖஦䛅䛾䛄㔩▼⮫᫬ᩆ᜜஦ົᡤ᪥ㄅ䛅䠷ᒾᡭ┴す༡㛢ఀ㒆ᙺᡤ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍䠅䠹䠈㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䠷኱ᶫ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎䠅䠹䛺䛹䛾グ㏙䛛䜙ุ᫂䛧䛯䠄⾲ 㻝 ཧ↷䠅䠊㻌 㻌௨ୗ䛻䛭䛾෗┿ᖌ䛯䛱䜢⤂௓䛩䜛䠊ኴᏐ䛿෗┿䛾㻌䛈105-7201 ᮾி㒔 ༊ᮾ᪂ᶫ 1-7-1㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: hqi48322 u08.itscom.net- 139 -

⤮᯶䛜ఱ䜙䛛䛾ᙧ䛷ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛⪅䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌ᐑᇛ┴㻌㻌 ᅜ ᗓ␃ⶶ䠄௝ྎ䠅䠈ỤỤ ᚿ┤அ㐍䠄Ẽ௝἟䠅䠈Ώ㎶ᖖḟ㑻䠄▼ᕳ䠅䠊㻌ᒾᡭ┴㻌㻌 ᮎᓮோᖹ䠄㘵䜿ᓮ䠅䠈㧗㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䠄┒ᒸ䠅䠈㧗㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠄୍㛵䠅䠈ᰗ
ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䠄ஂឿ䠅䠈༓ⴥಇ஧㑻䠄㝣๓㧗⏣䠅䠈ᐑἑ἞୕㑻䠄ⰼᕳ䠈ᐑἑ㈼἞䛾ུ∗䠅䠊㻌᪂⪺䛻ฟ䛯㡺ᕸᗈ࿌䛷⿬௜䛡䜙䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧௝ྎ䛾ᅜᗓ䛾ሙྜ䛿௖ᩍ⣔䛾௝ྎឿၿ఍䛛䜙ጤკ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛾ฟᙇ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑≛≅⪅䜢౪㣴䛩䜛ൔ౶䛾ጼ䜢ྛᆅ䛷ᢲ䛥䛘䛶䛔䜛䛧䠈㈇യ⪅䜔യ⑓⪅䛾ጼ䜢䜎䜑䛻グ㘓䛧䛶䛔䛶䠈௚䛾෗┿ᖌ䛸䛿୍࿡㐪䛖㻔ᅗ 㻤䠈ᅗ 㻞㻝㻕䠊㻌
ྛ෗┿ᖌ䛾䜹䝞䞊䜶䝸䜰䛿䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹䛜䠍┴䛾䜏䛻䛸䛹䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䜜䛰䛡኱ኚ䛺ฟᙇ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊ᅜᗓ䛜ᐑᇛ┴ෆ䜢᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᚋ௝ྎ䛻ᡠ䜚䠈䠏᪥ᚋ䛻䛿ᒾᡭ┴䛾㔩▼䜈ྥ䛛䛔䛥䜙䛻ྲྀᮦ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿౛እⓗ䛰䠊᪥Ύᡓத䛻ᚑ㌷ྲྀᮦ䛧䛯ᅜᗓ䛺䜙䛷䛿䛾㡹ᙇ䜚䛰䠊㧗ᓮ䛾Ụཎ➉ḟ㑻䛿ᐑᇛ┴䛻⥆䛔䛶ᒾᡭ┴䜒┠ᣦ䛧䛶䠈୍㛵฿╔䛾グ㘓䛿䛒䜛䛜䠈ᒾᡭ┴ศ䛾෗┿䛿ṧ䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌ୖᥖ䛾 㻞㻡 ே୰䛻䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛛䜙⌧ᆅㄪa)b)c)ᰝ䜢ጤკ䛥䜜䛯⌮⛉኱⏕䛾ఀᮌᖖㄔ䠄䛔䛝䞉䛴䛽䛺ᅗ 㻝㻌 ⫝̸ീ෗┿䛾⌧Ꮡ䛩䜛෗┿ᖌ䠊㻌 㼍 ᮎᓮோᖹ㻌㼎 㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠈㻌 㻌 㼏 ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻㻔ᐑෆᖾ㞝Ặᥦ౪㻕㻌䛛䠅䜢ධ䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌Fig㻚1a Nihei Matsusaki, 㻌 b Naoju Takahashi,ఀᮌ䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛄୕㝣ᆅ᪉ὠᾉᐇἣྲྀㄪሗ࿌㻔ཧ↷c Kotaro Miyauchi(Courtesy of Yukio Miyauchi)➨୍㻕䛅㼇ఀᮌ㻔㻝㻤㻥㻣㻕㼉䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛯෗┿ 㻡 ᯛ䛿䠈ఀᮌᮏே䛾᧜ᙳ䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䛶䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧➨୕ᅗ䛂㝣๓ᅧẼ௝㟷᳃┴㻌㒆⣽ᾆ䛃䛸ྠ୍ᅗ᯶䛾⩻้∧⏬䛜䠈ఀᮌ䛾ฟᙇ୰䛾㻌 Ύ㞞ᇽ䠄ඵᡞ䠈ᮏྡ୙᫂䠅䠊㻌㻌㻣 ᭶ 㻞 ᪥௜ᮾி᪥᪥᪂⪺䛻䛂Ẽ௝㒆ᮎᓮ⣽ᾆ⿕ᐖ䛾ᮾிᕷ㻌ᅗ䠄ᣐ෗┿䠅䛃䛸䛧䛶ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇ᮾி᪥᪥᪂⪺㎸ ᒣⱥᯇ䠄ὸⲡ䠅䠈ᐑᐑ ෆᖾኴ㻌 ኱ᶫஎ⩚䠄༤ᩥ㤋䠅䠈㎸䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢䠅㼉䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ఀᮌ䛾᧜ᙳ䛿䛒䜚ᚓ䛺䛔䠊ఀᮌ䛿䠈㑻䞉⚟ཎ⬶䞉኱ᶫ㈼அ⏠䠄኱᪥ᮏ෗┿ရホ఍䠅䠈㇏㻢 ᭶ 㻞㻤 ᪥䛻↷஭ᨻኴ㑻ྡ䛷ᮾி⣬䛻ᗈ࿌䛜ฟ䛯୍⏣⸨ྜྷ䞉ྜྷᕝ※୕㑻䞉ᩪ⸨῝ኴ㑻䠄ᑠᕝ〇∧ᡤ䠅䠈㛵䛾㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾෗┿䜢ධᡭ䛧䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌 㻌㭯ῡึⶶ䠄ὸⲡ䞉ᗁⅉ〇స㈍኎ᴗ⪅䠅䠊㻌⾲ 㻝 䛷 㻝㻝 ே䛾෗┿ᖌ䛾άື≧ἣ䛸䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛾෗䛭䛾௚㻌┿䛾ᥖ㍕䜔䠈㡺ᕸᗈ࿌䛾ᥖ㍕≧ἣ䜢♧䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯ᅗ䞉㧗ᓮᕷ㻌 Ụཎ➉ḟ㑻䞉Ụཎ⇃ኴ㑻䞉ఀ⸨᪉┤䠊㻌㻞 䛾ᆅᅗ䛷ྛ෗┿ᖌ䛾⿕⅏ᆅ䜈䛾ᒎ㛤≧ἣ䜢♧䛧䛯䞉ᶓ὾ᕷ㻌 ᑠᕝబྜྷ䠄᪥ୗ㒊㔠ර⾨䛾ዪ፵ᑠᕝబ୐
䛾䛷ཧ↷䛥䜜䛯䛔㻚㻌䛛䠅䠈䜸䝑䝖䞊䞉䝣䜷䝹䝧䞊䝹䠄㻻㼠㼠㼛㻌 㼂㼛㼘㼘㼎㼑㼔㼞䠈ᒃ␃㻌ᆅ 㻣㻣 ␒ᆅ䛾䝗䜲䝒ே䠅䠊㻌㼲㻟㻚㻌 ෗┿䛾ᡤⶶඛ䛸ᥖ㍕ห⾜≀㻌䞉ᒣ᲍┴㻌 ᵽཱྀ᱈㞼䠄⏥ᗓ䠅䠊㻌෗┿䛾ᐇ≀䜔ᅗ᯶䛿⌧ᅾ䠈ḟ䛾ᶵ㛵䜔᪋タ䛻ṧ௨ୖ䜢䠈ᖥᮎ䛛䜙᫛࿴䛾෗┿㛵ಀ⪅ேྡ㘓䛄᪥ᮏ෗䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䛭䜜䜙䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䛯ห⾜≀䛜㛵ಀᶵ㛵┿⏺䛾≀ᨾຌປ⪅㢧ᙲ㘓䛅䠷᪥ᮏ෗┿༠఍䠄㻝㻥㻡㻞䠅䠹䜔୺せᅗ᭩㤋䛻䛒䜛䠄⾲ 㻞 ཧ↷䠅䠊㻌䛷ᤚ䛩䛸䠈኱ᶫஎ⩚䠈ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䠈Ụཎ⇃ኴ㑻䠈ᵽ㻌ཱྀ᱈㞼௨እ䛿㍕䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䜋䛸䜣䛹䛜↓ྡ䛾ே䛰䠊㻌㻟㻚㻝㻌 ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋㻌ᆅᇦู䛻䜏䜛䛸ᆅඖ෗┿ᖌ䠈䛸䜚䜟䛡ᒾᡭ┴䛾෗㻌 ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋䛜ᡤⶶ䛩䜛᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ෗┿䛿┿ᖌ䛾ዧ㜚䜆䜚䛜䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䠊䛭䜜䛻ẚ䜉ᐑᇛ┴䛿㻞㻜㻞㻜 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶䛻䠈┒ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䛛䜙ᐤ㉗䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾ᅜᗓ䛸Ụᚿ䛰䛡䛷ᐢ䛧䛔䠊௝ྎ䛾෗┿⏺䛷ⴭྡ䛺㐲䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌⸨㝣㑻䞉ㄔ඗ᘵ䜔䛭䛾ᘵᏊ䛯䛱䛜ฟື䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾㻌 㘵䜿ᓮ⏫䛾ᮎᓮோᖹ䛜⿕⅏䛾⩣᪥䛛䜙᧜ᙳ䛧䛯㘵䛜ゎ䛫䛺䛔䠊㻌
䜿ᓮ䛾⿕⅏≧ἣ 㻝㻟 ᯛ䛸⏣⪁὾䛾 㻞 ᯛ䛾෗┿䛜䠈┒᝺≧䜢グ㘓䛩䜛䛯䜑୕㝣䛾⿕⅏ᆅ䛻㥑䛡䛴䛡䛯ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䛻䜻䝱䝡䝛䛾䜺䝷䝇஝ᯈ䛷ṧ䛳䛶䛔䛯෗┿ᖌ䛾≺䛔䛿䠈ሗ㐨䞉ฟ∧䠈෗┿㈍኎䠈ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ㻔ᅗ 㻟㻕䠊௚䛻䜒ᡭᮐ䛾」෗஝ᯈ䜔䝥䝸䞁䝖䛺䛹䛷඲య㈍኎䛺䛹䠈Ⴀ฼┠ⓗ䛜୺䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾䛣䛸䛿䛭䛾ᚋ䛾䛿 㻞㻝 䜹䝑䝖䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧෗┿ㄝ᫂䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊㻝㻥㻥㻣 ᖺ㻌

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- 141 -㻌㻣㻛㻟 ௝ྎ䛻ᖐ╔㻌㻣㻛㻠 ᮾி᪥᪥䛻ᚿὠᕝ⑓㝔䛾∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌
㻣㻛㻡䠈㻢䠈㻝㻜䠈㻝㻞 ௝ྎ䛷⩏ᤑᗁⅉ఍㻌㻣㻛㻝㻞 ᮾᅬౝᚑ䛜෗┿㈙䛔ୖ䛢㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻣 ௝ྎឿၿ఍
䛜෗┿⊩⣡㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻤䠈㻞㻜䠈㻞㻞 ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䛻ᗈ࿌㻌㻣㻛㻝㻥䡚㻞㻞 ዟ⩚᪥᪥䛻ᗈ࿌㻌㻣㻛㻞㻞 ᮾ໭᪂⪺䛻㔩▼ᑿᓮ⚄♫䛾
∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌
㻌

㻌

㻌

Ụᚿ┤அ㐍
䠄Ẽ௝἟䠅㻌
㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻢㻛㻝㻥 ௝ྎⓎᚿὠ 㻌㻢㻛㻞㻞 ᮾ ໭
ᕝ᪉㠃䜈㻌
᪥ሗ䛾ᯇᮏ
㻌
㻢㻛㻞㻡 ௝ྎ䛻ᖐ╔㻌 ᪂ グ ⪅ 䛸 ၈᱓䜈ྥ䛛䛖㻌
㻌㻢㻛㻞㻤 ௝ྎⓎ㔩▼
䜈㻌
㻌

ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ㻌
䠄௝ྎ䠅㻌

㻌

㻌
㻢㻛㻝㻣 㔩▼䜢᧜ᙳ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻢㻛㻞㻣 ሗ▱䛜㔩▼䠈ᮾி᪥᪥
䛜ᗈ⏣ᮧ䛾∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻢㻛㻞㻤 ᫬஦᪂ሗ
䛸୰ኸ᪂⪺䛻
ᗈ࿌䠄↷஭ᨻኴ㑻ྡ䠅㻌㻣㻛㻝 ᮾி᪥᪥
䛸ẖ᪥䛻ᮎᓮ
ᮧ⣽ᾆ䛾∧⏬
ᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛㻞 ᮾி᪥᪥
䛻ᮎᓮᮧ⣽ᾆ
䛸ᗈ⏣ᮧ䛾∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛 ึ 䜑 䠈 ᮾ ᅬౝᚑ䛻⊩⣡㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻡 ᮾிᮅ᪥
ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛻 㻞ᯛᥖ㍕㻌㻌㻣㻛㻞㻜䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛻㻝㻟 ᯛᥖ㍕㻌

㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ㻌
䠄୍㛵䠅㻌

㻌

㻌
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㻌
㻌
㻌
㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻠䡚㻝㻢 ᮾ
ி᪥᪥䛻ᗈ
࿌㻌
㻌

㻣㻛㻝 ᮾி᪥᪥䛸ⴙᮅሗ䛻∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛㻝䡚㻢 ᒾᡭබሗ䛻ᗈ࿌㻌㻣㻛㻠䠈㻡 ᫬஦᪂ሗ䛻ᗈ࿌㻌㻌㻣㻛㻝㻝䠈㻝㻞 ᮾி᪥᪥䛻ᗈ࿌㻌㻌㻥 ᭶䠈ᐑ୰䜈䛾෗┿⊩⣡䜢⏦ㄳ䛧䠈䠍䠍᭶ึ䜑䛻⫈チ䛥䜜䛯㻌㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻㻌
䠄┒ᒸ䠅㻌
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㻢㻛㻞㻟 ᒣ⏣㆙
ᐹ䛻ᐤ䜛㻌

ᮎᓮோᖹ㻌
䠄㘵䜿ᓮ䠅㻌
㻢㻛㻝㻢 㘵䜿ᓮ䜢᧜
ᙳ㻌
㻌
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㻌
㻌
㻢㻛㻞㻣 ⴙᮅሗ䛻∧⏬䠐ᯛᥖ㍕㻌
㻢㻛㻞㻤 ᮾி᪥᪥䛸ⴙᮅሗ䛻∧⏬ ᥖ㍕㻌㻢㻛㻟㻜 ⴙᮅሗ䛸ᒾᡭබሗ䛻ᗈ࿌㻌䠄䈜᪂⪺ᮏ⣬䛾ᥖ㍕䛿ᮾிᮅ᪥ูๅ䜚௜㘓௨እ䛿䛩䜉䛶⩻้∧⏬䠅

䠔
᭶㻌
䡘㻌
䠕
᭶㻌

䠓
᭶㻌

㻝㻡
᪥
ኪ
ὠ
Ἴ
Ⓨ
⏕㻌

䠒
᭶㻌
㻌

㻌

⾲ 㻝㻌 ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛻䛚䛡䜛෗┿ᖌ 㻝㻝 ྡ䛾άື≧ἣ㻌Table 1 The activities of 11 photographers who covered the Sanriku Tsunami in 1896

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㻣㻛㻣 ᮾ ி ᪥᪥䛻∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛㻥 ⴙ ᮅ ሗ䛻∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻠 ᒾᡭබ
ሗ䛻ᗈ࿌㻌

ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻
䠄ஂឿ䠅㻌
㻢㻛㻝㻢 ஂឿ䜢
᧜ᙳ㻌

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㻌
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㻣㻛㻝㻤㻘㻝㻥㻘㻞㻝㻘㻞㻟㻌
ᮾዟ᪥ሗ䛻
ᗈ࿌㻌

㻌

Ύ㞞ᇽ㻌
䠄ඵᡞ䠅㻌

㻤㻛㻤 ⱥ ⣬ theGraphic 䛻㌿㍕㻌㻤㻛㻤 ⡿䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽䛾 Harpers
Weekly 䛻㌿㍕㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻣㻛㻡 䛄 ኴ 㝧 䛅 䛻 ᚿὠᕝ᪉㠃䛾෗┿㻞㻡 ᯛ䛸䝹䝫䛂᱓⏣☐ᾏ䛃䜢ᥖ㍕㻌ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻㻌䠄ᮾி䠅㻌㻌㻣㻛㻞 ௝ྎⓎᚿὠᕝ䜈㻌㻌㻌㻣㻛㻤 㔩▼䛻㻌㻣㻛㻥 㐲㔝䜈㻌
㻌㻌㻣㻛㻝㻡 ㄞ኎᪂
⪺䛻ᗁⅉ✀
ᯈ䛾ᗈ࿌㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻢 㒔᪂⪺䛻ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䛾ᗈ࿌㻌㻣㻛㻞㻟 ᫬஦᪂
ሗ䛻ᗁⅉ✀
ᯈ䛾ᗈ࿌㻌
㻌
㻌
㻥㻛㻝㻞 ෗┿ရホ఍⥲఍䛷෗┿䜢ᢨ㟢㻌㻌㻌㻌㻢㻛㻝㻤 ୖ㔝Ⓨ㻌㻢㻛㻝㻥 ኤ้䠈ᚿὠᕝ╔㻌㻢㻛㻞㻝 㝣๓▼㉺Ⓨ㻌㻢㻛㻞㻞 ༗ᚋᖐி㻌㻢㻛㻞㻢 ᚿὠᕝ䛾෗┿୍ᘧ䜢ᐑ୰䛻⊩⣡㻌኱ᶫஎ⩚㻌䠄ᮾி䞉༤ᩥ㤋䠅㻌㻣㻛㻝 ᖐி㻌㻌㻣㻛㻠 ୰ ኸ ᪂ ⪺䛻ᤐ㐀ὠἼ▼
䛾∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌
㻣㻛㻡䠈㻣 ⴙᮅሗ䛸ẖ᪥᪂⪺䛻∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻌㻣㻛㻝㻡 ᮾிᮅ᪥
ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛻 㻡ᯛᥖ㍕䠈ᤐ㐀
ὠἼ▼෗┿䜒㻌
㻣㻛㻝㻥 ≉ὴဨㄯヰ఍䜢୺ദ㻌
㻣㻛㻞㻜 䛄 ኴ 㝧 䛅 䛻㻝㻟 ᯛᥖ㍕䠈ᤐ㐀ὠἼ▼䜒㻌
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㻢㻛㻞㻡 ኱⯪Ώ┒䛻㻌㻢㻛㻞㻣 㔩▼䛻㻌

㎸ᒣⱥᯇ㻌
䠄ὸⲡ䠅㻌

㻌
㻌
㻣㻛㻠 ⴙᮅሗ
䛻∧⏬ᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛㻡 䠈 㻝㻝 ᮾி䛷ᗁⅉ఍㻌㻌㻌㻌㻣㻛㻝㻡 ᮾ ிᮅ᪥ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛻 㻢 ᯛᥖ㍕㻌㻣㻛㻞㻝 ᮾ ிᮅ᪥䛻ᗈ࿌㻌
㻌㻣㻛㻞㻠 ᮾ ி䛷ᗁⅉ఍㻌㻤㻛㻡 䛄 ኴ 㝧 䛅䛻 㻝㻢 ᯛᥖ
㍕㻌㻢㻛㻞㻜 ௝ ྎⓎᚿὠᕝ᪉㠃䜈㻌㻢㻛㻞㻟 ୍ 㛵䛻㻌㻌㻌㻌Ụཎ➉ḟ㑻㻌䠄㧗ᓮ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻞 ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛷෗┿ᖌ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯୺䛺⿕⅏ᆅ୍ぴFig.2㻌 Major devastated areas photographed by the 11 photographers after the Sanriku Tsunami- 142 -

䛾┒ᒸᗇ⯋ᘓ䛶᭰䛘䛸䠈㻞㻜㻜㻣 ᖺ䛾ᐑྂ ೃᡤ㛢㙐
䛾㝿䛾Ⅼ᳨䛷ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䠊ྠ ೃᡤ䛜ᮎᓮோᖹ䛻᧜ᙳ䜢ጤკ䛧䛯䛛䠈ᚋ䛻㈙䛔ྲྀ䛳䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌᪩䛔ጞື䛸䠈༟㉺䛧䛯᧜ᙳᢏ㔞䛸ฎ⌮ᢏ⾡䛷䠈⏕䚻䛧䛔⌧ሙ䛜㩭᫂䛻グ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾ཎᯈ䝛䜺䛜ṧ䜛䛾䛿䛣䛣䛰䛡䛷䠈⅏ᐖྐ䛸෗┿ྐ䛾୧㠃䛷኱ኚ㈗㔜䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌䛣䜜䛸䛿ู䛻㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ᧜ᙳ䛾㔩▼䞉▼᠕ᑎ䛻㐠䜃㎸䜎䜜䛯㑇య⩌䛾෗┿䛾䜻䝱䝡䝛」෗஝ᯈ䜒䛒䛳䛯䠊」෗䛰䛜㩭᫂ᗘ䛿㧗䛔䠊㻌

䛔䜛䠊㈨ᩱ䛾⏤᮶䜔ᛶ᱁䛛䜙ᐑෆᗇෆ䛾ᡤⶶඛ䛿᭩㝠㒊ᅗ᭩ᑅᩥᗜ䠈᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋䠈୕䛾୸ᑦⶶ㤋䛾 㻟 䛴䛻ศ䛛䜜䜛䠊බⓗᛶ᱁䛾䜒䛾䛿๓ 㻞 㤋䛻䠈ኳⓚ䛾⚾≀䛸䛥䜜ౝᚑ⫋ಖ⟶䛷䛒䛳䛯䜒䛾䛿୕䛾୸ᑦⶶ㤋䛻᣺䜚ศ䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇ⓑ▼㻔㻞㻜㻝㻢㻕㼉䠊㻌㏆ᖺ䛿䠈䛂᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ┠㘓䞉⏬ീබ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮䛃䛜ᵓ⠏䛥䜜䠈ᡤᅾ᝟ሗ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛸䛧䛶ᶵ⬟䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ㄪᰝ䛜῭䜣䛰䜒䛾䛾୍㒊䛿䠈䛣䛣䛻⏬ീ䛜㈞䜚௜䛡䜙䜜䠈㜀ぴ䛸䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊㻌㻌 䛺䛚ᐑෆᗇᡤⶶ෗┿䛻䛿䠈ᚋ㏙䛾㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻௨እ䛿෗┿ᖌྡ䛾グ㍕䛜䛺䛔䠊㻌㻌㻟㻚㻟㻚㻝㻌 ᭩㝠㒊ᅗ᭩ᑅᩥᗜ㻌᭩㝠㒊ᅗ᭩ᑅᩥᗜ䛻䛿䠈᫂἞䛾⅏ᐖグ㘓෗┿䜰䝹䝞䝮䛄ㅖᅜ⅏ᐖᐇἣ෗┿䛅䠄⾲⣬䝍䜲䝖䝹䛿䛂㢼Ỉᐖஅ෗┿䛃䠈ภᯫ␒ྕ 㻮㻥䞉㻟㻟䠅䛜䛒䜚䠈᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛿ィ 㻝㻠㻟 ᯛ䜢཰ᐜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊➹⪅䛜ᩘᖺ䛛䛡䛶䜔䛳䛸ᕠ䜚఍䛘䛯෗┿䛾኱༙䛜䠈䛣䛾 㻝 ෉䛻⣡䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾 㻢㻤 ᯛ䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾 㻠㻡 ᯛ䜢཮⎍䛻䠈ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾 㻝㻥 ᯛ䠈ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䛾 㻢 ᯛ䠈Ύ㞞ᇽ䛾 㻡 ᯛ䛜䛒㻌ᅗ 㻟 ┒ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䛻ṧ䛳䛯ᮎᓮோᖹ᧜ᙳ෗┿䛾䜚䠈⿕⅏䠏┴䜢༑ศ䜹䝞䞊䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌ཎ஝ᯈ䛸䝥䝸䞁䝖㻌䛣䜜䛸䛿ู䛻䛄ྛ✀෗┿➨ 㻝 ᖂ䛅㻔ภᯫ␒ྕ 㻮㻥䞉
Fig.3 Photographic plates and prints of photographer㻟㻞㻕㼇Ṋ㒊㻔㻞㻜㻜㻜㻕㼉䛜䛒䜚䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾ᒾᡭ┴ෆ䛾 㻝㻞 ᯛ
Nihei Matsusaki’s photos, housed at the Morioka Local䛸䠈ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ᐑᇛ┴ෆ䛾 㻝㻣 ᯛ䜢཰ᐜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈
Meteorological Office.
ෆᐜ䛿䛄ㅖᅜ⅏ᐖᐇἣ෗┿䛅䛸㔜」䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌ᅜᗓ䛾෗┿䛜ከ䛔䛾䛿䠈ᐑᇛ┴䛜ሗ࿌᭩䛻ῧ௜㻟㻚㻞㻌 ᪥ᮏ䜹䝯䝷㈈ᅋ㻌䛧䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䜒䛾䛸䠈ᐑ୰䜈⊩⣡䛧䛯䜒䛾䛸䠈ສ౑䛸㻌 ྂ෗┿཰㞟ᐙ䛾▼㯮ᩗ❶Ặ䛾∗䠈▼㯮ᩗ୐Ặ䛜䛧䛶ὴ㐵䛥䜜䛯ᮾᅬᇶឡౝᚑ䛜⌧ᆅ䛷㉎ධ䛧䛯䜒䛾㻝㻥㻡㻢 ᖺ䛻᫂἞䛾෗┿ᖌ୰ᓥᚅங䛾㑇ရ䜢୍ᣓ㉎ධ䛺䛹ྠ୍෗┿䛜 㻟 䝉䝑䝖㞟䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛䠊䛭䛾䛧䛯㝿䠈኱ᆺ䜹䝯䝷䜔ᗁⅉᶵ䛸䛸䜒䛻 㻤 ෉䛾෗┿ྎᖒ⤒⦋䛜 㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥௜ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䛻グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇ᮾ໭᪥䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾୍෉䛻ᡭᮐ䛾 㻠㻤 ᯛ䛾᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼሗ㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍㻕㼉䠊䜎䛯䠈➹⪅䛾▱䜛㝈䜚䛣䛣䛷䛧䛛ぢ䜙䜜䛺෗┿䛜ᙇ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊኱⯪Ώ䛛䜙㔩▼᪉㠃䜢グ㘓䛧䛔㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛾෗┿ᖂ䛄ᒾᡭ┴ୗᾏთ⿕ᐖᆅ෗┿䛅䛶䛚䜚䠈඲䛶䛻ሙᡤ䛸≧ἣ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛶㈨ᩱ౯್
䠄඲ 㻝㻠 ᯛ䠈ภᯫ␒ྕ 㻮㻝䞉㻝㻠㻢䠅䛜䠈බ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮䛷㜀䛜㧗䛔䠊䛂୰ᓥᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮䛃䛸࿧䜀䜜䛶䛔䜛㼇▼㯮ぴ䠈䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䛜䛷䛝䜛㼇㧗ᶫ㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㻕㼉䠊㻌㻔㻞㻜㻝㻟㻕㼉䠊⅏ᐖྐ䛾໭ཎ⣒ᏊẶ䛸▼㯮Ặ䛾䜔䜚ྲྀ䜚䛷㻌㻟㻚㻟㻚㻞㻌 ᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌䛣䛾Ꮡᅾ䛜ุ᫂䛧䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶䛻ඹྠ㏻ಙ䛛䜙⤂௓᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋䛻䛿䠈䛂ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䛃㻔㆑ู␒グ஦䜢ฟ䛧䠈඲ᅜ䛾᪂⪺䛻኱䛝䛟ሗ㐨䛥䜜䛯䠊㻌෗┿䛻䛿᪥௜䛸᧜ᙳ⪅ྡ䛿᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䛜䠈 ྕ 㻡㻠㻢㻤㻝㻕䛸䛧䛶၈᱓༙ᓥྛ㞟ⴠ䛾 㻡 ᯛ䠄᧜ᙳ⪅୙᫂䠅䛸䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯㔩▼䛾▼᠕ᑎ䛺䛹䛾 㻞 ᯛ䛜୰ᓥ䛾⏚䛷ᘵᏊ䛾ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䛾᧜ᙳ䛸ุ᫂䛧䛯㻔㼲䛒䜚䠈බ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮䛻䜘䜚㜀ぴ䠈䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䛜䛷䛝䜛㻠㻕䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈▼㯮Ặ䛿෗┿୍ᘧ䜢᪥ᮏ䜹䝯䝷㈈ᅋ䛻㼇᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㻕㼉䠊㻌
ᐤ㉗䛧䛯䠊㻌
㻌㻌㻌㻟㻚㻟㻌 ᐑෆᗇ㻌㻟㻚㻟㻚㻟㻌 ୕䛾୸ᑦⶶ㤋㻌㻌 ⿕⅏䛧䛯 㻟 ┴䛛䜙ᐑ୰䜈䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛻ῧ௜䛧䛯䜒䛾㻌 ୕䛾୸ᑦⶶ㤋䛾཰ⶶရ䛿䠈ᮏ᮶䠈ኳⓚ䛾⚾≀䛷䛒䜔䠈⊩⣡䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛜䠈ᐑෆᗇ䛻ィ 㻝㻥㻟 ᯛᡤⶶ䛥䜜䛶䛳䛯ᚚ≀䛜ᅜᗜ䛻⣡䜑䜙䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾ከ䛟䜢- 143 -

༨䜑䜛⨾⾡ရ䛺䛹䛿᫬䚻බ㛤ᒎ♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜௨እ䛾ྐᩱ䛿㠀බ㛤䛜ከ䛔䠊኱ᶫஎ⩚䛾෗┿䛿䠈᭩㝠㒊㈨ᩱ䛄ศ㛛௳㖭⡙䛅䛾᫂἞ 㻞㻥 ᖺ䛾㡯䛻⊩⣡グ㘓䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈䜎䛰ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛶䛺䛔䠊䛣䛣䛷䝥䝸䞁䝖䛾ᐇ≀䛜Ⓨ᥀䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛶䛔䜛㻚㻌㻌㻟㻚㻠㻌 ᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫䛸┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ㻌㻌 ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾Ⓨ⏕䛷᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫䠄᪥㉥䠅䛿⿕⅏ྛᆅ䛻་ᖌ䞉┳ㆤ፬䜢ὴ㐵䛧䠈௬⑓㝔䜢㛤タ䛧䛶⿕⅏⪅䛾ᩆㆤ䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛯㻌 䠷ᕝཎ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅䠹䠊㻌䛭䛾ᢡ䛾グ㘓䛸䛧䛶཰㞟䛧䛯ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ᐑᇛ┴ෆྛᆅ䛸ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿䛜䠈᪥㉥㇏⏣┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䛸᪥㉥┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䠄ᗈᑿ䠅䛻ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ⛅䠈᪥㉥㇏⏣┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䛾ᅗ᭩㤋䜢ゼ䛽䠈ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ᚿὠᕝ᪉㠃෗┿䛺䛹 㻢 ᯛ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾ෆ䛾 㻡 ᯛ䛿ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ྡ๓䛜௜䛔䛶䛔䛯䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶ᚋ䛻ᐑෆᗇᡤⶶ䛾ྠ୍෗┿䛾⿬௜䛡䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠊෗┿䛾ᡤ᭷⪅䛿༤≀㤋᫂἞ᮧ䛷䠈ྠᅗ᭩㤋䛻ᐤク䛧䛶◊✲⪅䛻බ㛤䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌᪥㉥┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䜢 㻞㻜㻝㻟 ᖺኟ䛻ゼၥ䛧䠈ྐᩱᐊ䛷ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ෗┿䠈ᐑྂ䛷䛾᪥㉥┳ㆤ፬グᛕ᧜ᙳ䛺䛹 㻤 ᯛ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯䠊ྐᩱᐊ䛿䛭䛾ᚋ䛂ᡤⶶྐᩱ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛃䜢❧䛱ୖ䛢䛯䠊䛂ὠἼ䛃䛷᳨⣴䛩䜛䛸Ṛయ෗┿䜢㝖䛟 㻢 ᯛ䛜䝠䝑䝖䛩䜛㼇᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㻕㼉㻌 䠊㻌᪥㉥ᮏ♫䛿䠈ὠἼ㛵㐃෗┿䛾ᡤⶶ䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䛜䠈ྛ┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䛻ศᩓ䛧䛯෗┿䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛻⣡䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛿᪥㉥ෆ䛰䛡䛾㐠⏝䛷䠈㉥༑Ꮠ᝟ሗ䝥䝷䝄䛷䝺䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䛻ᑐᛂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌᪥㉥䛾ᡤⶶ෗┿䛿䠈ᙜ᫬䛾⦅㞟⪅䛻▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䜘䛖䛷䠈኱ṇᮇ䜔᫛࿴ึᮇ䛻Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛯᫂἞ᅇ㢳䛾ฟ∧≀䛻䠈䛂᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᥦ౪䛃䛸䛧䛶ᘬ⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌㻟㻚㻡㻌 ඵᡞᕷ❧༡㒓ᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻌 㒓ᅵྐᐙ䛾୰㔛㐍Ặ䛜㞟䜑䛯㒓ᅵྐ㈨ᩱ䛾୰䛻䛒䛳䛯᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ෗┿䜢ᡤⶶ䛧䛶䛔䜛㼇୰㔛㻔㻝㻥㻤㻜㻕㼉䠊㟷᳃┴ඵᡞ䛾Ύ㞞ᇽ᧜ᙳ䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛୕ἑ䜔ඵᡞ䛾෗┿ 㻝㻥 ᯛ䛷䛒䜛䠊」෗䝛䜺䛾䛯䜑㝵ㄪ䛻ஈ䛧䛟୙㩭᫂䛰䛜䠈㻝㻡 ᯛ䛿䛣䛣䛻䛧䛛䛺䛟㈗㔜䛷䛒䜛㻚㻌㟷᳃┴௨እ䛻䜒䠈ᒾᡭ┴䛾ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䛾ஂឿ䜔䠈㻌㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾㔩▼䛺䛹䛾」෗≀䜒ィ 㻝㻝 ᯛ䛒䛳䛯䠊㻌㻌㻟㻚㻢㻌 ᐑྂ䛾ฟ∧♫䛂䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫䛃㻌㻌 ᐑྂ䛾ฟ∧♫䛂䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫䛃䛜ᕷෆ䛾ᪧᐙ䛛䜙ฟ䛯䛸䛔䛖ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿䜢䠈ྎ⣬ᙇ䜚䛾≧ែ䛾䜘䛔༳⏬䛷 㻝㻣 ᯛᡤⶶ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ 㻠㻕㼇ᶫᮏ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻟㻕㼉䠊⿬㠃䛻ά∧༳ๅ䛾෗┿ㄝ᫂䛸ఫᡤẶྡ䛜ᙇ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛶䠈ᐑෆᗇᡤⶶ䛾ྠ୍෗┿䛾⿬௜䛡䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠄ᅗ 㻝㻜㻕䠊㻌
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ᅗ 㻠㻌 䛂䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫䛃ᡤⶶ䛾ᮎᓮோᖹ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿䝥䝸䞁䝖㻌Fig.4 Photos of heavily devastated Kuwagasaki town in
Iwate Prefecture taken by Nihei Matsusaki. They are
pasted on mounts. (Collection of Miyako City publisher
Town News)㻌㻟㻚㻣㻌 ၈᱓༙ᓥ䝡䝆䝍䞊䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌 Ẽ௝἟䛾㕥ᮌᕥኵẶ䛜ᥦ౪䛧䛯၈᱓༙ᓥ䛾 㻝㻜 ᯛ䜢ᡤⶶ䛧䠈㻥 ᯛ䜢ᒎ♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛔䛪䜜䜒」෗෗┿䛷䠈㻠 ᯛ䛿䛂Ẽ௝἟෗┿ᖌỤᚿ䛃䛾ྡධ䜚ྎ⣬䛻ᙇ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䛂Ụᚿ䛃䛸䛿䠈⿕⅏ᙜ᫬䛾 㻢 ᭶ 㻞㻟 ᪥௜ᮾ໭᪥
ሗ䠷ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎䠅䠹䛻䠈ᯇᮏ᪂グ⪅䛜䛂ᙜᆅ䠄Ẽ௝἟䠅䛾෗┿ᖌỤᚿ┤அ㐍Ặ䜢క䜂அ䜘䜚၈᱓䛻ྥ䛛䛿䜣䛸䛩䛃䛸᭩䛔䛯䜒䛾䛸➢ྜ䛩䜛䠊ṧ䜚 㻡 ᯛ䛿ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋䛾䛂ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䛃䛸ྠ୍䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈᧜ᙳ⪅䛿୙᫂䛷䛒䜛䠊
㻟㻚㻤㻌 ฟ∧≀䛷ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾㻌㻌 ༤ᩥ㤋䛾㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅㻣 ᭶ 㻡 ᪥ྕ䛿䠈⦅㞟⪅䛾኱ᶫஎ⩚䛜⮬䜙ฟᙇ䛧᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᐑᇛ┴ᚿὠᕝ䛾෗┿䠄ᅗ㻡䠅䛸䝹䝫䜢䛔䛱᪩䛟ᥖ㍕䛧䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻 㻣 ᭶ 㻞㻜 ᪥ྕ䠈㻤᭶ 㻡 ᪥ྕ䠷኱ᶫ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢㼏䠅䠹䛸 㻞 ᅇ䛻䜟䛯䛳䛶 㻟 ே䛾෗┿ᖌ䛻䜘䜛෗┿䜢ᕳ㢌䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛯䠊எ⩚䛾෗┿䛿ᐑ୰䛻⊩⣡䛥䜜䛯䛜䝥䝸䞁䝖䛿䜎䛰☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌- 144 -ᅗ 㻡㻌 㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛯኱ᶫஎ⩚᧜ᙳ䛾ᐑᇛ┴ᚿὠᕝ䛾᝺≧෗┿㻌
Fig.5 Photographer Otowa Ohashi’s disaster photos of
Shizugawa town in Miyagi Prefecture, which appearedin the magazine Taiyo.

㻞㻜㻝㻢 ᖺ 㻝 ᭶䠈ᶓ὾㛤 ㈨ᩱ㤋䛷୰ᓥᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮୰䛾 㻝㻜 ᯛ䛜ᙬⰍ✀ᯈ䛷ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䜢ぢ䛴䛡䛯㻔ᅗ 㻣㻕䠊⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䛾✀ᯈ䛾ሢ䛻⣮䜜㎸䜣䛷䛔䛶䠈㻞 ᯛ䛿⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䛸ㄗ䛳䛶䛔䛯䛧䠈㻡 ᯛ䛜⿬↝䛝䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊୰ᓥᚅங䛾〇స䜢♧䛩䛂ᮾி࿋᭹ᶫᚅஙᅬ䛃䛾䝅䞊䝹䛜ᙇ䛳䛶䛒䜛䠊䜰䝹䝞䝮䜢ᡤⶶ䛧䛶䛔䛯▼㯮ᩗ❶Ặ䛿䛭䜜䜎䛷䠈䛂ᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮䛾ὠἼ෗┿䛿฼⏝䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟Ṛⶶ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛃䛸ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ᗁⅉᬑཬ䛾᥎㐍⪅䛾୍ே䛷䛒䛳䛯ᚅங䛜䠈㛫㐪䛔䛺䛟✀ᯈ䜢〇స䠈㈍኎䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧႐䜣䛷䛟䜜䛯䠊䜎䛯᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ₇๻༤≀㤋䛿ᙬⰍ∧⏬䛾✀ᯈ 㻝㻟ᯛ䜢ᡤⶶ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻞 ᯛ䛿᝿ീᅗ䛰䛜䠈ṧ䜚 㻝㻝 ᯛ䛿෗┿䛛䜙∧⏬䛻⩻้䛧䛶ᙬⰍ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊㻥 ᯛ䛿ᮅ᪥᪂⪺䛾ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛛䜙䛾⩻้䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊ྠ㤋䛾䝕䝆䝍䝹䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䛾䛂ᗁ⇠䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛃䛷බ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈᳨⣴䛿䛂ᆅ㟈䛃䛸ධ䜜䛺䛔䛸䝠䝑䝖䛧䛺䛔䠊㻌㻌㻌 䛺䛚෗┿䛾᪂⪺䜈䛾ᥖ㍕䛸ᾏእ⣬䞉ㄅ䛷䛾㌿㍕䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛂㼲㼲㻡䠊෗෗┿䛸⩻้∧⏬䛃䠈䛂㼲㼲㻢䠊ᾏእ䛷䛾㌿㍕䛃䛷ู㏵グ㏙䛩䜛䠊㻌㻌㻟㻚㻥㻌 ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䛷ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾㻌㻌 ෗┿ᖌ䛾᧜䛳䛯෗┿䛛䜙ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䛜〇స䠈㈍኎䛥䜜䠈䛒䛱䛣䛱䛷⩏ᤑᗁⅉ఍䛜㛤䛛䜜䛯䠊㻌௝ྎᕷ༤≀㤋䛻䛿㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠈㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䠈ඵᡞ䛾Ύ㞞ᇽ䛾෗┿䜢ᇶ䛻䛧䛯ᙬⰍ✀ᯈ䛜 㻝㻞 ᯛṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ 㻢䠅䠊ὠἼ䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䝷䜲䝤䝷䝸䜱䠷ὠἼ䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䝷䜲䝤䝷䝸䜱䠄㻞㻜㻜㻠䠅䠹䛷බ㛤䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌ᅗ 㻢 ㎸ᒣⱥᯇ᧜ᙳ෗┿䛛䜙స䜙䜜䛯ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䠄௝ྎᕷ༤≀㤋ⶶ䠅
Fig.6 Lantern slides of photos taken by photographer
Hidematsu Komiyama. (Sendai City Museum Collection)㻌㻌ᅗ 㻣 ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻᧜ᙳ෗┿䛛䜙స䜙䜜䛯ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䠄ᶓ὾ᕷ㛤 ㈨ᩱ㤋ⶶ䠅㻌
Fig.7 Lantern slides of photos taken by photographer
Kotaro Miyauchi. (Yokohama Archives of History Collection)
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⾲ 㻞㻌 ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾෗┿㈨ᩱ䛾ᡤⶶඛ୍ぴ㻌
Table 2 The list of photographic archive of the Meiji Sanriku Tsunami⤌⧊䞉᪋タ㻌㻌
ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌၈᱓༙ᓥ䝡䝆䝍䞊㻌㻌 䝉䞁䝍䞊㻌㻌㻌ᐑෆᗇ㻌㻌 ᭩㝠㒊ᅗ᭩ᑅᩥᗜ㻌㻌 ᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋㻌㻠㻌ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻡㻌㻌㻌㻌୕ᗣᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌௝ྎᕷ༤≀㤋㻌
㻌㻌㻌㻌᪥ᮏ䜹䝯䝷㈈ᅋ䠄㻶㻯㻵㻵㻕㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫㻌䛂䜏䜔䛣䜟䛜⏫䛃䜢ฟ∧㻌㻌㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᮏ♫㻌㻌 ㉥༑Ꮠ᝟ሗ䝥䝷䝄㻌㻌㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ㻌㻌 ྐᩱᐊ㻌
㻌㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ㇏⏣┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ㻌㻌 ௜ᒓᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌ඵᡞᕷ❧༡㒓ᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㜵⅏ᑓ㛛ᅗ᭩㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌ᶓ὾㛤 ㈨ᩱ㤋㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫ₇๻༤≀㤋㻌

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䛈㻜㻞㻜㻙㻜㻝㻜㻞㻌ᒾᡭ┴┒ᒸᕷୖ⏣Ꮠᯇᑿᒇᩜ 㻟㻠㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻝㻥㻙㻢㻢㻝㻙㻞㻤㻟㻝㻌䛈㻥㻤㻤㻙㻜㻡㻡㻠㻌ᐑᇛ┴Ẽ௝἟ᕷ၈᱓⏫ᓮ὾ 㻠㻙㻟㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻞㻞㻢㻙㻟㻞㻙㻟㻜㻞㻥㻌䛈㻝㻜㻜㻙㻤㻝㻝㻝㻌ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊༓௦⏣䠍䠉䠍㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻞㻝㻟㻙㻝㻝㻝㻝䠄௦⾲䠅㻌┒ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䛛䜙ᐤ㉗䛥䜜䛯ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛸㻌⏣⪁䛾෗┿ 㻝㻡 ᯛ䛾䜻䝱䝡䝛ཎ஝ᯈ䠊」෗䝛䜺䛸༳⏬㻌䛷ィ 㻞㻝 䜹䝑䝖䛒䜛䛜෗┿ᖌྡ䛸෗┿ㄝ᫂䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊㻌Ụᚿ┤அ㐍䛾၈᱓䛾෗┿ 㻡 ᯛ䛾」෗䝛䜺䠊㻌᧜ᙳ⪅୙᫂䛾၈᱓䛾 㻡 ᯛ䛾」෗䝛䜺䠊㻌㻌㻌䛄ㅖᅜ⅏ᐖᐇἣ෗┿䛅䜔䛄ྛ✀෗┿➨ 㻝 ᖂ䛅➼䛻ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠈ᮎᓮோᖹ䠈ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䠈ඵᡞ䛾Ύ㞞ᇽ䛾෗┿䠊༳⏬䛷ィ 㻝㻥㻟 ᯛ䠊⿕⅏ 㻟 ┴䜢⥙⨶䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛾෗┿ᖂ㻌 䛄ᒾᡭ┴ୗᾏთ⿕ᐖᆅ෗┿䛅䛿䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷㜀ぴ䛸䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊㻌䛈㻝㻜㻜㻙㻤㻥㻞㻠㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ⱥ⣬䛄㼀㼔㼑㻌㻳㼞㼍㼜㼔㼕㼏䛅㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶ 㻤 ᪥ྕ㻌ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊Ọ⏣⏫ 㻝䠉㻝㻜䠉㻝㻌 㻌 䛄᪥ᮏṔྐ෗┿ᖂ㏆ྂ䛾ᕳ䛅㻔㻝㻥㻝㻠 ᖺห㻕㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻡㻤㻝㻙㻞㻟㻟㻝䠄௦⾲䠅㻌䛄ᖥᮎ䞉᫂἞䞉኱ṇᅇ㢳ඵ༑ᖺྐ➨ 㻡 ㍴䛅㻔㻝㻥㻟㻟 ᖺห䠅㻌 㻌䛈㻝㻜㻡㻙㻜㻜㻝㻝㻌䛄ᒾᡭ┴㝣୰ᅜ༡㛢ఀ㒆ᾏთ⣖஦䛅㻌ᮾி㒔 ༊Ⱚබᅬ 㻠㻙㻣㻙㻠㻌༤ᩥ㤋䛾㞧ㄅ㻌 䛄ኴ㝧䛅㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶ 㻡 ᪥ྕ䠈㻣 ᭶ 㻞㻜㻌㻌 ↷᫂఍㤋 㻝䠢㻌᪥ྕ䠈㻤 ᭶ 㻡 ᪥ྕ䠈䛄ᩥⱁ೜ᴦ㒊ቑหྕ䞉ᾏთ⩏ᤑᑠ㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻠㻟㻝㻙㻢㻜㻣㻟㻌㻌 ㄝ䛅㻌䛈㻥㻤㻜㻙㻜㻤㻢㻞㻌㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠈Ύ㞞ᇽ䛾෗┿䛾ᙬⰍᗁⅉ✀ᯈ㻌ᐑᇛ┴௝ྎᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᕝෆ 㻞㻢㻌ィ 㻝㻞 ᯛ䠊㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻞㻞㻙㻞㻞㻡㻙㻟㻜㻣㻠㻌㻌㻌䛈㻝㻜㻞㻙㻜㻜㻤㻞㻌ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯㔩▼䛸኱⯪Ώ᪉㠃䛾෗┿䠊㻌ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊୍␒⏫ 㻞㻡㻌༳⏬䛷 㻠㻤 ᯛ䠊୰ᓥᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮䛻ᡤ㍕䠊㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻞㻢㻟㻙㻣㻝㻝㻝䠄௦⾲䠅㻌㻌㻌䛈㻜㻞㻣㻙㻜㻜㻟㻣㻌ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿ 㻝㻣 ᯛ䠈༳⏬䛿ྎ⣬ᙇ䜚䛷䠈㻌 㻌ᒾᡭ┴ᐑྂᕷᯇᒣ➨ 㻡 ᆅ๭ 㻝㻟㻙㻢㻌 ⿬㠃䛻෗┿ㄝ᫂䛸ᮎᓮ䛾ྡ๓䛒䜚䠊㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻝㻥㻟㻙㻢㻠㻙㻜㻤㻤㻤㻌㻌㻌䛈㻝㻜㻡㻙㻤㻡㻞㻝㻌┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䛻ศᩓ䛧䛯෗┿㈨ᩱ䛾ᡤⶶ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛶㻌ᮾி㒔 ༊Ⱚ኱㛛 㻝㻙㻝㻙㻟㻌䛔䜛䠊䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛿බ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜䠈㉥༑Ꮠ᝟ሗ㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻠㻟㻣㻙㻣㻡㻤㻜㻌䝥䝷䝄䛷䝺䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䛻ᑐᛂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䛈㻝㻡㻜㻙㻜㻜㻝㻞㻌ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿䠈༳⏬䛷 㻢 ᯛ䠈⿬㠃䛻ᮎᓮ㻌ᮾி㒔῰㇂༊ᗈᑿ 㻠㻙㻝㻙㻟㻌䛾ྡ๓䛒䜚䠊ᡤⶶྐᩱ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷 㻠 ᯛ䜢බ㛤㻚㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻟㻠㻜㻥㻙㻜㻤㻣㻡䠄௦⾲䠅㻌㻌㻌䛈㻠㻣㻝㻙㻤㻡㻢㻡㻌ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ᚿὠᕝ䛾෗┿㻘㻌 ༳⏬䛷 㻡 ᯛ㻘㻌 ᅜᗓ䛾ྡ㻌ឡ▱┴㇏⏣ᕷⓑᒣ⏫୐᭤㻌๓䛒䜚㻚䠄༤≀㤋᫂἞ᮧ䛛䜙䛾ᐤク㈨ᩱ䠅㻌㻌 㻝㻞 ␒ 㻟㻟㻌㻌㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻡㻢㻡㻙㻟㻢㻙㻡㻝㻝㻥㻌㻌㻌䛈㻜㻟㻝㻙㻜㻝㻝㻝㻌Ύ㞞ᇽ᧜ᙳ䛾ඵᡞ䛸୕ἑ᪉㠃䛾෗┿ 㻝㻥 ᯛ䛾」෗䝛㻌㟷᳃┴ඵᡞᕷ༡㒓኱Ꮠᕷ㔝ἑ㻌䜺䠊䛭䛾䛖䛱䛾 㻝㻡 ᯛ䛿䛣䛣䛻䛧䛛䛺䛔䜒䛾䠊㻌㻌 Ꮠ୰ᕷ㔝ἑ 㻟㻥㻙㻝㻌௚䛻㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾㔩▼䛸䠈ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䛾ஂឿ䛾෗┿䛾㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻝㻣㻤㻙㻢㻜㻙㻤㻝㻜㻜㻌ィ 㻝㻝 ᯛ䜒䠄䛔䛪䜜䜒୰㔛㐍Ặ཰㞟䛾」෗㈨ᩱ䠅㻌䛈㻝㻜㻞㻙㻜㻜㻥㻟㻌ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾෗┿䜢⩻้䛧䛯ᙬⰍ∧⏬ 㻝㻢 ᯛ䜢ᥖ㍕䛧㻌ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊ᖹἙ⏫ 㻞㻙㻠㻙㻝㻌䛯ሗ࿌᭩䛄᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛᨭ㒊ᾏთᩆㆤグ஦䛅䠊㻌㻌 ᪥ᮏ㒔ᕷ䝉䞁䝍䞊఍㤋 㻤㻲㻌㻌㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻡㻞㻝㻢㻙㻤㻣㻝㻢㻌㻌㻌䛈㻞㻟㻝㻙㻜㻜㻞㻝㻌ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䛾㔩▼䛾෗┿䛾ᙬⰍᗁⅉ✀ᯈ 㻝㻜 ᯛ䠊㻌ᶓ὾ᕷ୰༊᪥ᮏ኱㏻ 㻟㻌㻌㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻠㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻙㻞㻝㻜㻜㻌㻌㻌䛈㻝㻢㻥㻙㻤㻜㻡㻜㻌㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾኱⯪Ώ䛸㔩▼䜔䠈Ụཎ➉ḟ㑻䛾၈᱓䛸ᚿᮾி㒔᪂ᐟ༊す᪩✄⏣ 㻝㻙㻢㻙㻝㻌ὠᕝ䛾෗┿䜢∧⏬䛻⩻้䛧䛯ᙬⰍᗁⅉ✀ᯈ 㻝㻟 ᯛ䠊㻌㟁ヰ 㻜㻟㻙㻡㻞㻤㻢㻙㻝㻤㻞㻥㻌㻌

- 146 -

㼲㻠㻚㻌 ᧜ᙳ⪅䛾≉ᐃᡭ㡰㻌㻌 㻌 ಶ䚻䛾෗┿䛾᧜ᙳ⪅䜢▱䜛䛣䛸䛿㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊➹⪅䛿䠈௨ୗ䛾ᡭ㡰䜢⤒䛶≉ᐃ䛧䛯䠊㻌㻌㻠㻚㻝㻌 ෗┿䛻ྡ๓䜢᫂グ㻌෗┿䛻ྡ๓䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䛿䠈䛭䛾䜎䜎᥇⏝䛧䛯䠊౛䛘䜀෗┿䛾ୗ㒊䛻ྡ๓䛜↝䛝㎸䜣䛷䛒䜛䜒䛾䠄ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䠈ᅗ 㻤䠅䠈⿬㠃䛻ྡ๓ධ䜚䛾༳ๅ≀䛜ᙇ䛳䛶䛒䜛䜒䛾䠄ᮎᓮோᖹ䠈ᅗ 㻝㻜䠅䠈ྡ๓ධ䜚䛾ྎ⣬䛻ᙇ䛳䛯䜒䛾䠄Ụᚿ┤அ㐍䠅䠈෗┿ᖂ䛾⾲⣬䛻ྡ๓䛜᫂グ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䠄㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䠅䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌ᅗ 㻤㻌 ෗┿ㄝ᫂䛸᧜ᙳ⪅䛾ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾ྡ䛜௜䛔䛯ᐑᇛ┴ᚿὠᕝ䛾᝺≧෗┿䠄᪥㉥㇏⏣┳ㆤ኱Ꮫⶶ䠅㻌Fig.8 A photo of devastated Shizugawa town in Miyagi
Prefecture taken by photographer Tomezo Kunifu. An
explanation and Kunifu’s name were printed at the bottom of the photo. (Collection of the Japan Red Cross
Toyota College of Nursing)ᅗ 㻥㻌 ᮎᓮோᖹ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴㘵䜿ᓮ⏫䛾᝺≧䠄ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋ⶶ䠅
Fig.9 A photo of devastated Kuwagasaki town in
Iwate Prefecture taken by Nihei Matsusaki. (Collection of Iwate Prefectural Museum)ᅗ 㻝㻜㻌 䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫ᡤⶶ䛷䠈ᅗ 㻥 䛸ྠ୍䛾෗┿䛾⿬䛻ᙇ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾ྡධ䜚䛾෗┿ㄝ᫂㻌
Fig.10㻌 A caption signed by Nihei Matsusaki pasted
on the back of the same photo of Fig9,owned by
Miyako City publisher Town News.
㻠㻚㻞㻌 䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛿᧜ᙳ⪅ྡ䜢᫂グ㻌䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛾ᥖ㍕䛿᧜ᙳ⪅ྡ䛜᫂グ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䜜䜢᥇⏝䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈➨ 㻝㻡 ྕ䠄㻣 ᭶ 㻞㻜 ᪥ྕ䠅ᥖ㍕
䛾䛂↷஭ᨻኴ㑻䛃䛿ㄗ䜚䛷䠈ṇ䛧䛟䛿䛂㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛃䛷䛒䜛䛸 㻝 䛛᭶༙ᚋ䛾➨ 㻝㻤 ྕ㻔㻥 ᭶ 㻡 ᪥ྕ㻕㻌 䠷኱ᶫ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢㼐䠅䠹䛻䠈ṇㄗ㏻▱䛜ฟ䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈ᚨᓥ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻥䠅䛷ุ᫂䛧䛯䠷㧗ᓊ䠈⚾ಙ䠹㻚㻌 㻌᝿ᐃእ䛾ヰ䛰䛳䛯䛜䠈↷஭䛾෗┿䛜㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛾䜒䛾䛸ศ䛛䛳䛶䠈␲ၥ䛜୍䛴ゎ䛡䛯䠊䛭䜜䛿ᮅ᪥᪂⪺䛜ูๅ䜚௜㘓Ⓨ⾜䛾๓ᚋ䠈䛧䛝䜚䛻┤ᑑ䛾༠ຊ䜢䛖䛯㻌䛳䛶䛔䛯䛾䛻䠈≉㞟ྕ䛻䛿ヱᙜ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊↷஭䜢┤ᑑ䛸⨨䛝᥮䛘䛯䜙䛩䛳䛝䜚䛸ㄝ᫂䛜௜䛔䛯䠊㻌㻌㻠㻚㻟㻌 ᪂⪺䞉㞧ㄅ䛾グ஦䞉ᗈ࿌䠈⾜ᨻᩥ᭩䛛䜙䛾᥎ᐃ㻌ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䛿䠈䛄ᒾᡭ┴㝣୰ᅜ༡㛢ఀ㒆ᾏთ⣖஦䛅䛾䛄㔩▼⮫᫬ᩆ᜜஦ົᡤ᪥ㄅ䛅㹙ᒾᡭ┴す༡㛢ఀ㒆ᙺᡤ㸦㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎㸧㹛䛾 㻣 ᭶ 㻥 ᪥䛾㡯䛻㔩▼᮶ゼ䛾
グ㏙䛜䛒䛳䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻 㻝㻜 ᭶ 㻞㻟 ᪥Ⓨ⾜䛾኱᪥ᮏ෗┿ရホ఍䛾఍ሗ䛄෗┿㞧ㄅ➨ 㻝㻞 ྕ䛅䠷኱᪥ᮏ෗┿ရホ఍䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢䠅䠹䛻䠈䛂౳∖ᚨᕝ఍㢌㛶ୗ䛾Ḽ㏄఍䠄㻥 ᭶㻝㻞 ᪥䞉ᰗᶫடΎᴥ䠅䛃䛷䠈䛂⚟ཎ⬶䠈ᐑෆᖾኴ㑻䠈኱
ᶫ㈼அ⏠䛾୕Ặ䛜᧜ᙳ䛻ಀ䜛୕㝣኱ᾏთ䛾᝺≧ᖼ䛾ᮏ㑥䛾㢼ᬒᫎ⏬䜢ほぴ䛻౪䛫䜙䜜Ꮱ䜜䜒୓ᗙ䛾వ⯆䜢ῧ䛘䛶ᢿᡭ႑䛥䛔䜢༤䛧䛯䜚䛃䛸䛔䛖グ஦䛷≉ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䠊㻌
ඵᡞ䛾Ύ㞞ᇽ䛿䠈㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻢 ᪥䛾ᮾዟ᪥ሗ䠷ᮾዟ᪥ሗ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢䠅䠹䛻䛂┴ୗᾏთ⿕ᐖᆅ䛾᝺≧䛿ඵᡞ䛾᯾෗┿ᖌ᧜ᙳ䛧䛯䜛⏤䛃䛾グ஦䛜䛒䜚䠈㻝㻤 ᪥䡚㻞㻞 ᪥䛻䛿௨ୗ䛾㡺ᕸᗈ࿌䛜ྠ⣬䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䠈௚䛾෗┿ᖌ䛾ྡ䛜ฟ䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙≉ᐃ䛧䛯䠊- 147 -

䛂኱ᾏთ⿕ᐖ෗┿Ⓨ⾲୍䠈㟷᳃┴ศᥞ䜈㻌୍䠈୕㝣ศᥞ䜈୍ᘧ㻌㟷᳃┴ඵᡞ⏫㛗ᶓ୎㻌෗┿ኈ㻌 Ύ㞞ᇽ䛃㻌㻌 ྠᵝ䛻䛧䛶䠈ஂឿ䛾ᰗ஭ᏹኴ㑻䛿䠈ᙼ௨እ䛻ஂឿ䛾෗┿䛾ᗈ࿌䜢ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛෗┿ᖌ䛜䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙ุ᩿䛧䛯䠊㻌
㻌㻠㻚㻠㻌 ሢ䛾≧ែ䛛䜙᥎ᐃ㻌᭩㝠㒊䛾ᡤⶶ෗┿䛿䠈㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛾෗┿ᖂ௨እ䛿ྡ๓䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䝥䝸䞁䝖䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔䝍䝔䝶䝁ẚ䠈㝵ㄪ䛸㉁ឤ䠈ᆅྡ⾲グ䛾Ⓑ䠄㔩▼䜢す㛢ఀ㒆䛸䛩䜛䛛༡㛢ఀ㒆䛸䛩䜛䛛䛾㐪䛔䠅䛺䛹䛾≉ᚩ䛛䜙ᗄ䛴䛛䛾ᅛ᭷䛾ሢ䛻ศ㢮䛥䜜䜛䠊ሢ䛾୰䛾ᩘᯛ䛜๓
㏙䛾᪉ἲ䛷≉ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䜙䠈඲య䜢ྠ䛨෗┿ᖌ䛾䜒䛾䛸㢮᥎䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾ᡭἲ䛿ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛸㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛻㐺⏝䛧䛯䠊㻌㼲㻡㻚㻌 ෗┿䛸⩻้∧⏬㻌෗┿ᖌ䛜᧜䛳䛯෗┿䛿䠈䝥䝸䞁䝖䛷㈍኎䛥䜜ὶᕸ䛧䛯䠊⿕⅏┴䛛䜙ᨻᗓ䞉ᐑ୰䜈䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛻䜒ῧ௜䛥䜜䛯䠊⤮䛺䛹䜘䜚䜒䛿䜛䛛䛻䝸䜰䝹䛺෗┿䛿㔜ᐆ䛥䜜䛯䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊䛥䜙䛻෗┿䛜ฟ∧≀䜔ᗁⅉ✀ᯈ䛻䛺䛳䛶᝺≧䜢ᗈ䛟ఏ䛘䛯䛣䛸䛿 㻟㻚㻤 䛸 㻟㻚㻥 䛷㏙䜉䛯䠊㻌㻌୍᪉䠈㌺୪䜏≉ὴဨ䜢⌧ᆅ䛻ὴ㐵䛧䛯ྛ᪂⪺䜒䠈෗┿ሗ㐨䛷䛿㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛾ᚋሻ䜢ᣏ䛧䛯䠊ᙜ᫬䛾᪂⪺䛿䠈㍯㌿ᶵ䛻䜘䜛෗┿༳ๅ䛜ᢏ⾡ⓗ䛻㯪᫂ᮇ䛷䠈㝵ㄪ䜢ฟ䛩⥙Ⅼ༳ๅ䛜ฟ᮶䛪䠈∧⏬䛻⩻้䛧䛶༳ๅ䛩䜛䛧䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄ᅗ 㻝㻝䠅㼇బ⸨㻔㻝㻥㻤㻜㻕㼉䠊㻌ᅗ 㻝㻝㻌 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶ 㻞㻤 ᪥௜ᮾி᪥᪥䛜ᥖ㍕䛧䛯ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛾෗┿䛾⩻้∧⏬㻌
Fig.11 The block print of devastated Kuwagasaki town
in Iwate prefecture carried by Tokyo-nichinichi on June
28 in 1896.

ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㻕䛿䠈ᖹᯈ༳ๅᶵ䛷෗┿༳ๅ䛧䛶 㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥䛻ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛄኱㝣ᮾᾏᓊ኱ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䛅䛸䛧䛶㓄ᕸ䛧䛯㼇ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫㻔㻝㻥㻥㻜㻕㼉䠊⮬♫䛻෗┿ᖌ䛿䛚䜙䛪䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䠈㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䠈Ụཎ➉ḟ㑻䜙䛾෗┿ 㻞㻟 ᯛ䛷ᵓᡂ䛧䛯㻔ᅗ 㻝㻞㻕㸬ᅗ 㻝㻞㻌 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥䛾ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺䛜௜㘓䛷ሗ䛨䛯ὠἼ෗┿≉㞟䛄୕㝣ᮾᾏᓊ኱ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䛅㻌
Fig.12 The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun published a special
supplement of tsunami photos on July 15, 1896.
ὠἼ䛛䜙 㻞 ᖺᚋ䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䛯ሗ࿌᭩䛄᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛᨭ㒊ᾏთᩆㆤグ஦䛅䠷᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛᨭ㒊䠄㻝㻤㻥㻤䠅䠹䛻䛿 㻟㻞 ᯛ䛾ᙬⰍ∧⏬䛜㍕䛳䛶䛔䛶䠈㻝㻢 ᯛ䛿ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾෗┿䜢⩻้䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䛿䚸᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ䛾ྠ୍ᅗ᯶෗┿䛻䛿䛺䛔ヲ⣽䛺ㄝ᫂䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㻔ᅗ 㻝㻟㻕䠊ᅗ 㻝㻟㻌 ᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛ┴ᨭ㒊䛜ሗ࿌᭩䛻ᥖ㍕䛧
䛯ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛾෗┿䠄ᅗ 㻤䠅䛛䜙⩻้䛧䛯∧⏬䠄㜵⅏ᑓ㛛ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ䠅㻌
Fig.13 The block print in the report of Miyagi Branchof Japanese Red Cross (Disaster management Librarycollection).
㼲㻢㻚㻌 ᾏእ䛷䛾㌿㍕㻌㻌 ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾᝺≧䛿ᾏእ䛷䜒ሗ㐨䛥䜜䛯䠊ḟ䛾୕⣬䞉ㄅ䛿෗┿ධ䜚䛷ఏ䛘䛯䠊㻌- 148 -

⡿䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽䛾᪂⪺䛄HARPER’S WEEKLY䛅䛾㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶ 㻤 ᪥ྕ䛜䠈㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛾኱ᶫஎ⩚䛾෗┿ 㻥 ᯛ䜢㌿㍕䛧䛯㼇ᒾᡭ᪥ሗ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㼉䠊㻌䝻䞁䝗䞁䛾⏬ሗ⣬ࠗThe Graphic࠘䛾 㻤 ᭶ 㻤 ᪥ྕ䜒ྠᵝ䛻எ⩚䛾෗┿ 㻢 ᯛ䜢㌿㍕䛧䛯䠄ᅗ 㻝㻠䠅㼇ᯘ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻠㻕㼉䠊㻌ྠᖺ 㻥 ᭶Ⓨ⾜䛾⡿ㄅࠗNational Geographic࠘䛿䠈᪥ᮏ⁫ᅾ୰䛾㏻ಙဨ䠈Eliza R. Scidmore 䛜ධᡭ䛧䛯෗┿䠐ᯛ䜢グ஦䛸䛸䜒䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛯㼇Scidmore㻔㻝㻤㻥㻢㻕㼉䠊䛭䛾ෆ䛾 㻞 ᯛ䛿᧜ᙳ⪅୙᫂䛰䛜䠈ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺䛾ูๅ䜚௜㘓䛸ྠ୍䛾෗┿䛷䛒䜛㸬
䛺䛚䠈Scidmore 䛿グ஦䜢᭩䛟䛻ᙜ䛯䜚⌧ᆅ䛻䛿⾜䛳䛶䛺䛔䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊☜䛛䛻 㻤 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥䛻ᐑᇛ┴ᯇᓥ䜢ゼၥ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜ዟ⩚᪥᪥䛻ሗ㐨䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈≀ぢ㐟ᒣ䛷䛒䜛䛧䠈䛣䜜䛷䛿᫬㛫ⓗ䛻 㻥 ᭶ྕ䛻䛿㛫䛻ྜ䜟䛺䛔䠊䜒䛧Ⓨ⏕┤ᚋ䛻⌧ᆅධ䜚䛧䛶䛔䛯䜙䠈䛭䛾ື㟼䛿ྛ⣬䛻ሗ䛨䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛿䛪䛰䛜䠈ᜳⓙㄪᰝ䛧䛶䜒 㻝 ⾜䜒ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊

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ᅗ 㻝㻠㻌 ኱ᶫஎ⩚䛾෗┿䜢㌿㍕䛧䛯ⱥ⣬ The Graphic㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶ 㻤 ᪥ྕ䠄ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ䠅㻌
Fig.14 British weekly newspaper The Graphic in its
Aug㻚㻌 8㻘㻌 1896 edition carried photos taken by Otowa
Ohashi. (National Diet Library Collection)㼲㻣㻚㻌 ᚋୡ䛾ฟ∧≀㻌㻞 ୓ 㻞 ༓ே䛜≛≅䛻䛺䛳䛯ᮍ᭮᭷䛾኱᝺஦䛿䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䜒㛵ಀ⪅䛻ㄒ䜚⥅䛜䜜䠈䛭䛾෗┿䛿Ṕྐ䛾ᮏ䛻
Ⓩሙ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊௨ୗ䛻౛䜢ᣲ䛢䜛䠊㻌䛄᪥ᮏṔྐ෗┿ᖂ㻌 ㏆ྂ䛾ᕳ䛅䠷⛅ዲ䠄㻝㻥㻝㻠䠅䠹䛿䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥䛾ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺ูๅ䜚䛛䜙䛾㌿㍕
䛷 㻝㻞 ᯛ䜢ᥖ㍕䛩䜛䛜䠈䝋䞊䝇䜒෗┿ᖌྡ䜒䛺䛔䠊㻌䛄ᖥᮎ䞉᫂἞䞉኱ṇᅇ㢳ඵ༑ᖺྐ➨ 㻡 ㍴䛅䠷ᮾὒᩥ໬༠఍䠄㻝㻥㻟㻟䠅䠹䛾䛂୕㝣኱ᾏთ䛃䛿䠈ᅜᗓ䛾ᐑᇛ┴䛾෗┿ 㻠 ᯛ䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䠈෗┿ㄝ᫂䛾ᚋ䛻䛂௝ྎᕷྡ᥃⏫
ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ᧜ᙳ䠄᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ⶶ䠅䛃䛸䜽䝺䝆䝑䝖䜢ධ䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䛄ᫍ㟖ⓒᖺ䛅䠷᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛ┴ᨭ㒊䠄㻝㻥㻤㻣䠅䠹䠊ᅜᗓ䛾ᐑᇛ┴䛾෗┿ 㻠 ᯛ䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䠈෗┿ᖌྡ䛿䛺䛔䠊㻌䛄᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ䛅䠷Ṋ㒊䠄㻞㻜㻜㻜䠅䠹䠊᭩㝠㒊ᅗ᭩ᑅ䛾䛄ྛ✀෗┿➨ 㻝 ᖂ䛅䛾୰䛛䜙ᐑᇛ┴䛾⿕⅏ศ 㻢 ᯛ䜢ᥖ㍕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧᧜ᙳ⪅䛾ᅜᗓ䛾ྡ๓䛿䛺䛔䠊㻌 㻌㼲㻤㻚㻌 ᧜ᙳᆅ䛾≉ᐃ㻌㻝㻞㻜 వᖺ䜒᫇䛾෗┿䛿䠈䛭䛾┿ᐇᛶ䛻୙Ᏻ䛜䛴䛝䜎䛸䛖䠊㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䛜䛂၈୹䛾ὠἼ▼䛃䜢ᤐ㐀䛧䛯౛䜒䛒䜛䠷἟⏣㻌 㻔㻞㻜㻝㻤㻕䠹䠊㻌෗┿ᖌ䛿ΰ஘䛧䛯⌧ሙ䜢ᕠ䜚䠈ከᩘ䛾஝ᯈ䛷᧜䜚⁀䜑䠈ᣢ䛱ᖐ䛳䛶䜎䛸䜑䛶⌧ീ䛩䜛䠊䝻䞊䝹䝣䜱䝹䝮䛷䛿䛺䛔䛾䛷㡰␒䛜≬䛳䛶䜒䛚䛛䛧䛟䛺䛔䠊䛱䛺䜏䛻୰ᓥᚅங䜰䝹䝞䝮䜢⢭ᰝ䛧䛯䜙䠈㻠㻤 ᯛ୰䛻᧜ᙳᆅ䛾ㄗ䜚䛜䠓ᯛ䜒ぢ䛴䛛䛳䛯䠊㻌⅏ᐖྐ䛾ฟ∧≀䜔䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛾ᥖ♧䜢ぢ䜛䛸䠈᫛࿴୕㝣ὠἼ䛾෗┿䜢᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛸ㄗ⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛౛䜒ᩓぢ䛥䜜䛯䠊㻌䛭䜜௨᮶䠈➹⪅䛿୕㝣ἢᓊ䛻ㄪᰝ䛻⾜䛟ሙྜ䠈᫇䛾෗┿䛾䝥䝸䞁䝖䜢ᣢཧ䛧䛶⌧ᅾ䛾ጼ䛸ẚᐃ䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻ᚰ䛜䛡䛶䛝䛯䠊㻌㻤㻚㻝㻌 䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖䝡䝳䞊䛷஦๓ㄪᰝ㻌ලయⓗ䛻䛿ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䜔ධỤ䛾ᙧ≧䛺䛹䛾䝷䞁䝗䝬䞊䜽䛜ᙺ䛻❧䛴䠊ᾏᓊ⥺䛿㛗䛔ᖺ᭶䛾㛫䛻ᇙ䜑❧䛶䜙䜜䠈ᾏഃ䛻䛫䜚ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠊㏆ᖺ䛿䜾䞊䜾䝹䜰䞊䝇䛸䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖䝡䝳䞊䜢౑䛳䛶஦๓䛻ᮘୖ䛷ᆅⅬ䜢⤠䜚㎸䜐䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾᪉ἲ䛷ḟ䛾౛䜢䛿䛨䜑ከ䛟䛾᧜ᙳᆅⅬ䛜≉ᐃ䛷䛝䛯䠊㻌ᐑᇛ┴Ẽ௝἟ᕷ၈᱓⏫䛾㩩❧⁺ 䠄ᅗ 㻝㻡䠅䠈༡୕㝣⏫ᚿὠᕝ䛾ᶒ⌧὾䠄ᅗ 㻞㻜䠅䠈ᚿὠᕝ䛾᪂஭⏣ᕝ࿘㎶㻔ᅗ 㻞㻝㻕䠈ᒾᡭ┴኱⯪Ώᕷ䛾ᮎᓮ⏫⣽ᾆ䠄ᅗ 㻝㻢䠅䠈ᐑྂᕷ㘵䜿ᓮ⏫䠄ᅗ 㻝㻣䠅䠈ᒣ⏣⏫䛾⏣䝜὾䠄ᅗ 㻝㻤䠅䛸⯪㉺䠄ᅗ 㻝㻥䠅䠈኱ᵔ⏫䠄ᅗ 㻞㻞䠅䠈㝣๓㧗⏣ᕷᑠ཭⏫
䠄ᅗ 㻞㻟䠅䠈㔩▼ᕷ䛾୧▼䠄ᅗ 㻞㻠䠈㻞㻢䠅䛸Ỉᾏ䠄ᅗ 㻞㻡䠅䠊㻌⌧ᆅ㋃ᰝ䜢㔜䛽䜛䛸䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾⌧ሙ䛾ᚋ⫼ᆅ䛾㧗䛔ሙᡤ䛻䛿䛯䛔䛶䛔♫ᑎ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛣䛛䜙ಠ▔䛧䛶᧜䛳䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䜿䞊䝇䛜ከ䛔䛣䛸䛻Ẽ䛵䛔䛯䠊㻌௨ୗ䛻෗┿䛷 ᫬䛸⌧ᅾ䛾ጼ䜢ᑐẚ䛧䛶♧䛩䠊㻌- 149 -

a)b)

ᅗ 㻝㻡㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈ὠἼ䛷⿕⅏䛧䛯ᐑᇛ┴၈᱓༙ᓥ䛾㩩❧⁺ 䠄၈᱓༙ᓥ䝡䝆䝍䞊䝉䞁䝍䞊ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻝㻡㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻝 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶ 㻝㻝 ᪥䠈ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛷⿕⅏䛧䛯㩩❧⁺ 䠄㩩❧䛾㕥ᮌ┒⏨Ặ᧜ᙳ䠅㻌
Fig.15a This photo shows tsunami-hit Shibitach fishing port on the Karakuwa Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture inJune, 1896. (Karakuwa Peninsula Visitor Center Collection)
Fig.15b This photo shows Shibitachi fishing port in Miyagi Prefecture on March 11, 2011, after the Great East
Japan Earthquake and tsunami devastated the region. (Photo by Morio Suzuki in Shibitachi)a)b)ᅗ 㻝㻢㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴኱⯪Ώ䛾⣽ᾆ⁺ 䛾᝺≧䠄㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䜘䜚䠅㻌ᅗ 㻝㻢㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻝 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶ 㻝㻝 ᪥䠈ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛷⿕⅏䛧䛯⣽ᾆ⁺ 䠄↓Ⲕⲉ䚻Ặ䛾䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䜘䜚䠅㻌Fig.16a This photo, taken by photographer Naoju Takahashi, shows tsunami-hit Hosoura fishing port in Ofunato,
Iwate Prefecture in June, 1896. (Magazine Taiyo)
Fig.16b Hosoura fishing port was devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on March 11,
2011. (Blogger Mucha Bobo’s website)a)b)ᅗ 㻝㻣㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈ᮎᓮோᖹ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴㘵䜿ᓮ⏫䛾᝺≧䠄ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻝㻣㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻟 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ䠊ᇙ䜑❧䛶䛷ᾏᓊ⥺䛜䛫䜚ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌Fig.17a This photo, taken by photographer Nihei Matsusaki in June, 1896, shows the devastated town of Kuwagasaki in Iwate Prefecture. (Iwate Prefectural Museum Collection)
Fig.17b The same location as Photo a) shows a protruded coastline due to reclamation in July 2013.

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a)b)

ᅗ 㻝㻤㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴ᒣ⏣⏫⏣䝜὾䛾᝺≧䠄ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻝㻤㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾⏣䝜὾㻌
Fig.18a㻌This photo, taken by Shinzaburo Takahashi, shows Tanohama in Yamada town, Iwate Prefecture,
after the killer tsunami in June 1896. (the Imperial Household Archives Collection)
Fig.18b Tanohama in May 2018.㻌
㻌

a)

b)

ᅗ 㻝㻥㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴ᒣ⏣⏫⯪㉺䞉๓㡲㈡ᾏᓊ䛾᝺≧䠄ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻝㻥㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶䠈㜵₻ሐᘓタ䛜㐍䜐๓㡲㈡ᾏᓊ㻌
Fig.19a This photo, taken by photographer Shinzaburo Takahashi, shows Maesuka Beach in Funakoshi in
Yamada town, Iwate Prefecture after the tsunami in June 1896. (the Imperial Household Archives Collection)
Fig.19b A coastal levee under construction on Maesuka Beach in May 2018.

a)b)ᅗ 㻞㻜㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᐑᇛ┴ᚿὠᕝ⏫ᶒ⌧὾䛻ᑐᓊ䛾⣽ᾆ䛛䜙⁻╔䛧䛯Ẹᐙ㻌ᅗ 㻞㻜㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ᶒ⌧὾
Fig.20a This photo, taken by Tomezo Kunifu, shows houses swept away from Hosoura to Gongenhama in
Shizugawa, Miyagi Prefecture, in June 1896.
Fig.20b Gongenhama in May 2018.

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a)b)

ᅗ 㻞㻝㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᐑᇛ┴ᚿὠᕝ⏫䛾᪂஭⏣ᕝ௜㏆䛷≛≅⪅䜢౪㣴䛩䜛ൔ౶㻌ᅗ 㻞㻝㼎㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ䠊ᕥᚋ᪉䛾ᘓ≀䛿ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䛷ఫẸ 㻟㻞㻣 ே䛜ᒇୖ䛻㑊㞴䛧䛶ຓ䛛䛳䛯㧗㔝఍㤋㻌
Fig.21a This photo, taken by Tomezo Kunifu, shows monks praying for victims of the earthquake and tsunami near Niidagawa River in Shizugawa town, Miyagi Prefecture, in June 1896.
Fig.21b The same location as Fig.21a in May 2018. In the rear is the Takano Kaikan building to whoserooftop 327 residents fled to safety after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami.

a)b)ᅗ 㻞㻞㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴኱ᵔ⏫䛾᝺≧䠄ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻞㻞㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ㻌
Fig.22a This photo, taken by Shinzaburo Takahashi, shows heavily devastated Otsuchi town, Iwate
Prefecture, in June 1986 (the Imperial Household Archives Collection).
Fig.22b The same location as Fig.22a in May 2017.

a)b)ᅗ 㻞㻟㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯㝣๓㧗⏣ᕷᑠ཭⏫䛷཰ᐜ䛥䜜䛯≛≅⪅䠄㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䜘䜚䠅㻌ᅗ 㻞㻟㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾࡢྠ୍ᆅⅬ
Fig.23a This photo, taken by Hidematsu Komiyama, shows the bodies of disaster victims in Otomo village
in Rikuzentakata in June 1896 (Magazine Taiyo).
Fig.23b The same location as Fig.23a in May 2017.

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a)b)

ᅗ 㻞㻠㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴㔩▼ᕷ୧▼⏫䛾᝺≧䠄ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊ⶶ䠅㻌ᅗ 㻞㻠㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ㻌
Fig.24a This photo, taken by Shinzaburo Takahashi, shows heavily devastated Ryoishi town in Kamaishi,
Iwate Prefecture, in June 1896 (the Imperial Household Archives Collection).
Fig.24b The same location as Fig.24a in June 2018.

a)b)ᅗ 㻞㻡㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻣 ᭶䠈ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺௜㘓䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛯ᒾᡭ┴㔩▼ᕷỈᾏ䛾᝺≧㻌ᅗ 㻞㻡㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ㻌
Fig.25a The Tokyo Asahi Shimbun ran this photo of Mizuumi in Kamaishi, Iwate Prefecture, in July 1896.
Fig.25b The same location as Fig.25a in May 2017.

a)b)ᅗ 㻞㻢㼍㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䠈㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛜᧜ᙳ䛧䛯ᒾᡭ┴୧▼䛾᝺≧䠄㞧ㄅ䛄ኴ㝧䛅䜘䜚䠅㻌ᅗ 㻞㻢㼎㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶⌧ᅾ䛾ྠ୍ᆅⅬ㻌
Fig.26a This photo, taken by photographer Naoju Takahashi, shows tsunami-hit Ryoishi in Kamaishi , Iwate
Prefecture (Magazine Taiyo).
Fig.26b The same location as Fig.26a in June 2018.

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㼲㻥㻚㻌 䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ᫓䛛䜙 㻠 ᖺ㛫䛾ㄪᰝ䛷䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷ᑡ䛺䛔䛸䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾෗┿グ㘓䛜䠈⣙ 㻞㻡㻜 ᯛᏑᅾ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊᪂⪺䞉㞧ㄅ䛾グ஦䜔⾜ᨻᩥ᭩䛸↷ྜ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈᧜ᙳᆅ䛸᧜ᙳ⪅䛾ゎ᫂䜒㐍䜣䛰䠊㻌 㻌┒ᒸᆅ᪉Ẽ㇟ྎ䛻ᮎᓮோᖹ᧜ᙳ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ䛸⏣⪁䛾䜻䝱䝡䝛ཎ஝ᯈ䛜ṧ䛳䛶䛔䛯䛾䛿䠈⅏ᐖྐ䛸෗┿ྐ䛾୧㠃䛷᭷ព⩏䛸⪃䛘䜛䠊ྠẼ㇟ྎ䛿䠈ಖ⟶䛸ά⏝䛻୓඲䜢ᮇ䛩䛯䜑䠈஝ᯈ୍ᘧ䜢 㻞㻜㻞㻜 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶䠈ᒾᡭ┴❧༤≀㤋䛻ᐤ㉗䛧䛯䠊ྠ༤≀㤋䛿 㻞㻜㻞㻜 ᖺ⛅䛻㛤㤋 㻠㻜 ࿘ᖺ䜢㏄䛘䜛䠊䛭䛾グᛕ௻⏬ᒎ䛂䜏䜛䟿䛧䜛䟿䜟䛛䜛䟿୕㝣෌Ⓨぢ䛃䛾䛂⅏ᐖ䛸ᬽ䜙䛧䛃䛾䝁䞊䝘䞊䛷䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾෗┿䜢ᒎ♧䛩䜛ணᐃ䛷䛒䜛䠊㛤ദ᫬ᮇ䛿᪂ᆺ䝁䝻䝘䜴䜱䝹䝇䛾䛯䜑 㻞㻜㻞㻝 ᖺ௨㝆䛻䛺䜚䛭䛖䛰䠊㻌᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ෗┿䛾኱㒊ศ䛜䠈ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊䛻⣡䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䛿㦫䛛䛥䜜䛯䠊䛄ㅖᅜ⅏ᐖᐇἣ෗┿䛅䛿᫂἞ᮇ䛾⅏ᐖ෗┿䛾ᐆᗜ䛷䛒䜛䠊௒ᚋ䠈᭩㝠㒊䛷䛾ㄪᰝ䛜㐍䜏䠈᭩㝠㒊䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷඲⏬ീ䛜බ㛤䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䛯䛔䠊㻌㻌ㅰ㎡㻌ᰝㄞ⪅䛾✀䚻䛾ᣦ᦬䛸ຓゝ䛿ᮏ✏䛾ᨵၿ䛻኱ኚ᭷┈䛷䛧䛯㻚㻌 ᚋᢲ䛧䛧䛶䜒䜙䛔䠈⾲䜔ᆅᅗ䛾స〇䛜ᐇ⌧䛧䜎䛧䛯䠊᭩㝠㒊䛾ⓑ▼ⅯẶ䛻䛿᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛤ᩍ♧䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯㻚㻌 㻌ᚨᓥ኱఍㻔㻞㻜㻝㻥㻕䛷ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲䛧䛯㝿䠈ᮏ◊✲఍఍ဨ䛾㧗ᓊ෪ెẶ䜘䜚䠈ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋䛷᳨⣴䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈䛄ኴ㝧䛅䛻ᥖ㍕䛾䛂↷஭ᨻኴ㑻䛃䛿䛂㧗ᶫ┤ᑑ䛃䛾ㄗ䜚㻙䛸ఏ䛘䜛ṇㄗ⾲䛜ฟ䛶䛔䜛䠈䛸䛾ᣦ᦬䜢䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋䛜ᥦᦠ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛂䝆䝱䝟䞁䝘䝺䝑䝆䛃䛿䠈᚟้∧䛾䛄ኴ㝧䛅඲ᕳ䜢䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷බ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛶䠈䛣䛾䛂ṇㄗ䛃䜢↷஭䛾㡯䛻ὀពႏ㉳䛸䛧䛶ᥖ♧䛧䛶䛔䜎䛧䛯䠊➹⪅䛿䠈ᙜヱ䛾෗┿ᥖ㍕ྕ䛧䛛ぢ䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈඲䛟䛾┣Ⅼ䛷䛧䛯䠊㻌䛚୕᪉䛻ᚰ䜘䜚ឤㅰ䛧䜎䛩䠊㻌㻌ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ㻌㻌ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌⛅ዲၿኴ㑻䠈㻝㻥㻝㻠䠈᪥ᮏṔྐ෗┿ᖂ㏆ྂ䛾ᕳ䠈᫂἞஧༑஑ᖺ୕㝣ᮾᾏᓊ኱ᾏთ⿕ᐖ䛾ᐇἣ㻘㻌 ᮾගᅬ䠈㻝㻜㻥㻙㻝㻝㻞䠊㻌ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈㻝㻥㻥㻜䠈┦ḟ䛠ኳ⅏䞉୕㝣ὠἼ䛾᝺ᐖ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ྐ᫂἞⦅䠈㻟㻟㻜㻙㻟㻟㻞䠊㻌኱᪥ᮏ෗┿ရホ఍䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠈㞧ሗ䠈෗┿㞧ㄅ䠈㻝㻞䠈㻟㻠䠊㻌⋞㮵㤋䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠈㞧ሗ䠈෗┿᪂ሗ䠈㻤㻞䠈㻝㻠㻝㻚㻌ᶫᮏஂኵ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻟䠈᭶ห䜏䜔䛣䜟䛜⏫ 㻥 ᭶ྕ෗┿㞟㘵䜿ᓮ 㻼㼍㼞㼠㻌 㻞 ᫂἞ 㻞㻥 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥㻌 ୕㝣኱ὠἼ⦅䠈䝍䜴䞁᝟ሗ♫䠈㻞㻜㻙㻟㻥䠊㻌ᯘㄔ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻠䠈᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䛾᪂⪺ሗ㐨䛸⤮⏬䠈㛗㔝┴❧Ṕྐ㤋◊✲⣖せ䠈㻞㻜䠈㻞㻢㻌ఀᮌᖖㄔ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻣䠈୕㝣ᆅ᪉ὠᾉᐇἣྲྀㄪሗ࿌㻔ཧ↷➨୍㻕䠈㻌 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䠊㻌▼㯮ᩗ❶䠈㻞㻜㻝㻟䠈᫂἞䛾୕㝣኱ὠἼ䛾෗┿䠈◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍せ᪨㞟䠈᪥ᮏ෗┿ⱁ⾡Ꮫ఍䠈㻞㻟䠊㻌ᒾᡭ┴す༡㛢ఀ㒆ᙺᡤ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍䠈ᒾᡭ┴㝣୰ᅜ༡㛢ఀ㒆ᾏთ⣖஦䠈㔩▼⮫᫬ᩆ᜜஦ົᡤ᪥ㄅ䠈㻤㻡䠉㻝㻜㻜䠊㻌ᒾᡭ┴す༡㛢ఀ㒆ᙺᡤ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎䠈ᒾᡭ┴㝣୰ᅜ༡㛢ఀ㒆ᾏთ⣖஦䠈㔩▼⮫᫬ᩆ᜜஦ົᡤ᪥ㄅ䠈㻥㻜䠊㻌ᒾᡭ᪥ሗ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞䠈䠐᭶ 㻞㻞 ᪥௜グ஦䠈㻺㼅 ⣬䛜ᙜ᫬ᥖ㍕䠊㻌㔠Ꮚ㝯୍䠈㻞㻜㻜㻡䠈㻝㻤㻤㻜 ᖺ௦䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᮏ䛾෗┿≧ἣ䛸☬Დᒣᄇⅆ෗┿䠈୰ኸ㜵⅏఍㆟䠈㻝㻠㻝㻙㻝㻡㻜䠊㻌ᕝཎ⏤ె㔛䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻥䠅ᖺ᫂἞୕㝣ᾏთ䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫䛾ᩆㆤάື䠈᪥ᮏ┳ㆤṔྐᏛ఍ㄅ䠈㻞㻠䠈㻟㻣㻙㻡㻠䠊㻌୰㔛㐍䠈㻝㻥㻤㻜䠈෗┿㞟᫂἞኱ṇ᫛࿴㻌 ඵᡞ㻌 䜅䜛䛥䛸䛾᝿ฟ 㻝㻞㻝䠈ᅗ᭩ห⾜఍䠈㻤㻤㻙㻤㻥䠊㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛᨭ㒊䠈㻝㻤㻥㻤䠈᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛᨭ㒊ᾏთᩆㆤグ஦䠊㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ♫ᐑᇛ┴ᨭ㒊䠈㻝㻥㻤㻣䠈ᫍ㟖ⓒᖺ䠊㻌᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ┳ㆤ኱Ꮫ䠈ᮎᓮோᖹ䛾㘵䜿ᓮ෗┿䠈᪥ᮏ㉥༑Ꮠ┳ㆤ኱Ꮫᡤⶶྐᩱ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇㻌㼔㼠㼠㼜㼟㻦㻛㻛㼞㼑㼐㼏㼞㼛㼟㼟㻙㼚㼡㼞㼟㼕㼚㼓㻙㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻚㼖㼜㻛㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻛㻌᪥ᮏ෗┿༠఍䠈㻝㻥㻡㻞䠈᪥ᮏ෗┿⏺䛾≀ᨾຌປ⪅㢧㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 ᙲ㘓䠊㻌἟⏣Ύ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻤䠈၈୹䛾ὠἼ▼䛾ᤐ㐀⪅䛿㎸ᒣⱥᯇ䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈䠈㻟㻟䠈㻞㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻤䠊㻌኱ᶫஎ⩚䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍䠈⵬⏣☐ᾏ㘓䠈ኴ㝧䠈༤ᩥ㤋䠈㻞䠈㻌㻝㻠䠈㻞㻡㻤䠊㻌
኱ᶫஎ⩚䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎䠈ᮾዟ኱ᾏთ䠈ኴ㝧䠈༤ᩥ㤋䠈㻞䠈㻌㻝㻠㻙㻝㻢㻌
኱ᶫஎ⩚䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼏䠈ᮾዟ኱ᾏთ䠈ኴ㝧䠈༤ᩥ㤋䠈㻞䠈㻌㻝㻠㻙㻝㻢㻌
኱ᶫஎ⩚䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼐䠈ṇㄗ㏻▱䠈ኴ㝧䠈༤ᩥ㤋䠈㻞䠈㻝㻤䠈㻌㻞㻢㻜䠊㻌బ⸨᣺ᑑ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻜䠈᪂⪺෗┿䛾㌶㊧㻔㻟㻕䠈䜹䝯䝷ẖ᪥䠈ẖ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈㻞㻣䠈㻥䠈㻝㻤㻤㻙㻝㻥㻝䠊㻌- 154 -

Scidmore, E.R, 1896䠈 The Recent Earth-- quake
Wave on the coast of Japan, National Geographic September 1896.
ⓑ▼Ⅿ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻢䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ୧᫬௦ᚚᡭチ෗┿䛾᮶Ṕ䠈᭩㝠㒊⣖せ➨ 㻢㻣 ྕ䠈ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊䠈㻡㻟㻙㻣㻟䠊㻌᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ┠㘓䞉⏬ീබ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮䠈https://shoryobu.kunaicho.go.jp/㻌᭩㝠㒊ᐑෆබᩥ᭩㤋䠈ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䠈᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ㈨ᩱ┠㘓䞉⏬ീබ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮㻌 㻌https://shoryobu.kunaicho.go.jp/Search?fields%5B0%5D.value=%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF%E8%A2%AB%E5%A
E%B3%E5%9B%B3&fields%5B0%5D.DataType=string&searchType=Freeword&start=1㧗ᶫಙ୕㑻䠈ᒾᡭ┴ୗᾏთ⿕ᐖᆅ෗┿䠈᭩㝠㒊ᡤ㻌㻌 㻌 㻌 ⶶ㈨ᩱ┠㘓䞉⏬ീබ㛤䝅䝇䝔䝮㻌 㻌https://shoryobu.kunaicho.go.jp/Toshoryo/Detail/1000519220000?searchIndex=0Ṋ㒊ᩄኵ䠈㻞㻜㻜㻜䠈᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ㻌 ᐑෆᗇ᭩㝠㒊ᡤⶶ෗┿䠈ᅜᗓ␃ⶶ෗┿ 㻢 ᯛ䠈ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋䠈㻟㻜㻙㻟㻝䠊㻌ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼍䠈䠓᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥௜グ஦䠈ᅧᗓ෗┿ᖌ䛾ྡ㄃㻌ᮾ໭᪥ሗ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㼎䠈㻢 ᭶ 㻞㻟 ᪥௜≉ὴဨᯇᮏ᪂䛾グ஦䠊㻌ᮾிᮅ᪥᪂⪺䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠈㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻡 ᪥௜ูๅ䜚௜㘓㻌 ୕㝣ᮾᾏᓊ኱ᾏთ⿕ᐖᅗ䠊㻌ᮾி᪥᪥᪂⪺䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠈㻣 ᭶ 㻞 ᪥௜Ẽ௝㒆ᮎᓮ⣽ᾆ⿕ᐖ䛾ᅗ䠊㻌
ᮾዟ᪥ሗ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢䠈㻣 ᭶ 㻝㻢 ᪥௜グ஦䛸 㻝㻤 ᪥䛛䜙䛾ᗈ࿌䠊㻌ᮾὒᩥ໬༠఍䠈㻝㻥㻟㻟䠈ᖥᮎ䞉᫂἞䞉኱ṇᅇ㢳ඵ༑ᖺྐ➨ 㻡 ㍴䠈୕㝣䛾኱ᾏთ䠈㻞㻞㻠䠊㻌ὠἼ䝕䜱䝆䝍䝹䝷䜲䝤䝷䝸䜱䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ᫂἞୕㝣ὠἼ䠄ᗁⅉ∧䠅㻌
http://tsunami-dl.jp/old-content/TSUNAMI/
movie/video.html- 155 -