-１-

Macro Economic Impactof Food Waste Recycling in Japan

2004 / 03 / 13
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University, Reina KAWASE

-2-

Background
Change of Food Life
Mass Production
Too Much Fresh Taste

Mass Food Waste
Generation
CO2
Increase of Treatment Cost

Dioxin Emissions

CO2
Shortage of Final Disposal Site

-3-

Present condition
0.5%(1999)

Table 1. Food waste treatment (1996)
type of waste

Municipal waste

emissionbusiness sectors
household

16.00
6.00
10.00

Industrial waste

3.40

business sector andindustry total

9.40

Total

1.94

inceneration

treatment
recycling15.95(99.7%)

composting
0.005(0.3%)

1.77(52%)7.75

0.47(14%)0.49

1.04(31%)1.04

0.12(3%)0.12

1.63(48%)1.65(83%)

(5%)

(11%)

(1%)

(17%)

17.72(91%)

0.42(3%)1.04(5%)0.12(1%)

1.68
(9%)

feedingotherstotal−−0.005(0.3%)

unit: Million t

65%(1999)

-4-Research objective
When considering environmental problems, economic
growth should not be ignored. It is generally thoughtthat environmental conservation and economic
development are in conflict.

Objective
To evaluate both the economic loss and effects offood waste recycling systems derived from theenvironmental constraints and the recycling
promotion policies.

-5-FrameTechnology
feedingcomposting

Recycling model
Recycling

Transportation

Input-Output
dataTransportation
distancemethane

Scenario
technologicalchangeactions

Exogenous
variable
population

Computable generalequilibrium model

constraints

Estimation
GDP・Environmental loads・Recycling rate etc

imports
priceeconomic
data

-6-

Model description

Model

AIM/Material(computable general equilibrium model)

sector

45 economic sectors

good

49 goods・services

waste

18 industrial waste
7 municipal waste

simulation 1995-2010

-7-Structure of ModelsectorEnvironmental resource

Capital ・ Labor

HouseholdIntermediate
input
Final
consumption

Products

Production

goods/service

Final demand

Investment
goods

Government

Solid waste
treatment service

Recyclegoods

Waste water
treatment service

Waste water treatment

Production sector

Solid waste treatment

-8-Structure of production sectors

・・・・・

Produced goods 1

Produced goods m
σ=0

Production sector
σ=0Intermediate input

energyσ=0

Domesticgoods

σ： elasticity ofsubstitution/distribution

Fossilfuel 1

Recycledgoods

Fossilfuel q
σ=0electricity

Fossilfuel q

Carbontaxlabor

Pollutants
σ=0

σ=１

σ=0

Intermediate Intermediate
input 1
input nσ=0

Importgoods

Value added

capitalPollution
management 1

Pollution
management ｒ

-9-Solid Waste Flow
Direct reuse
Incineration
SolidWaste

Intermediate
management
Direct final
disposal

Recycling (Food waste only)
Material recycling
・・・・Feeding
Chemical recycling
・・・・Composting
Thermal recycling
・・・・Methane Fermentation

-10-

Scenario
Table 2. Scenario sets
Scenario No

BaU

Const

Introduction of recycling
sectors
enviromental constraints
E1
E2
E3

charges to the use ofvirgin goods
subsidies to the recyclingsectors
raising the incineration
treatment priceEnvironmentalconstraints

E23E12

Const/E23

Const/E12○○

○

○

○○

○
○
○
○

○

○
○

○

○

CO2 emission →6% reduction by 2010 comparedwith that in 1990

Final disposal →half reduction by 2010 comparedwith that in 1996

-11-GDP
600

E23GDP(trillion yen at 1995 price)

580

BaU
E12

No constraints

560
540

Actual Value
Const /E23520

Constraints

500

１.5％

Const/E12
Const

480
1995

2000

2005

20 1 0The promotion of food waste recycling contributes tostimulate economic activities.

-12-

Environmental loadsTable 3. Increases of Environmental loads from 1995 to 2010

BaU

E23

E12Const

Const/E23

Const
/E12

CO2 emission

12.9

15.2

12.9

-42.5

-42.5

-42.5

Industrial final disposal

-8.7

-11.6

-0.9

-38.0

-38.0

-38.0

Municipal final disposal

-5.3

-5.3

-5.3

-7.1

-7.1

-7.1

Scenario

Unit: CO2emission: Million t-C, final disposal: Million t

In no environmental constraint scenarios, to promote
food waste recycling is not always effective to reduce
environmental loads.

-13-Recycling rate of food waste
8070

Industrial wasteRecycling rate(%)

6050

Recycling rate ＝Recycle ＋ Reuse
Generation

4030

Const/E12Const/E2320

E23

Municipal waste

10E1201995

2000

2005

2010

-14-Technology share（2010）
No const

const

Quantity of recycling（10000 t/y）

240
200

thermal160

chemical120
80material

400

1999

E23E12Const/E23

Const/E12

No constraints ・・・ thermal recycling
Constraints・・・material recycling

-15-Conclusion

1. In environmental constraint scenarios, promotion offood waste recycling contributes to mitigate economic
depression.
2. In no environmental constraint scenarios, to promote
food waste recycling increases the CO2 emission.
3. In no environmental constraint scenarios the thermal
treatment increases and in environmental constraint
scenarios the material treatment increases.