歴史地震
第38号 (2023) 97‐110頁
受付日 2022/11/29, 受理日 2023/4/14≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ཧຍ䛛䜙䜏䛯㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ゝㄒ♫఍◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬*㻌 ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲㒊≉ู◊✲⏕† ⳻ᮌ㻌 㢼ⰼ

The Earthquake Investigation Committee from the Viewpoint of Participation of Physicists
Fuuka. HISHIKI
Graduate School of Language and Society, Hitotsubashi University,
2-1Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 101-0064 Japan
Department of Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science
4-1-1Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0005, Japan
This paper reexamines the way of earthquake prediction the Earthquake Investigation Committee had investigated byfocusing on the participation of physicists in the survey projects. Seismology, requested by the Earthquake Disaster Prevention
Investigation Committee, is to elucidate the mechanism of earthquakes by exploring the earth's crust using wave dynamics
and physical methods. The earthquake prediction aimed at by the Earthquake Investigation Committee was thought to bepossible by its seismology.㻌 In addition, physicists actively participated in the tasks related to the observation of the velocity
of seismic waves, geomagnetism, subsurface temperature, gravitational distribution, and latitude change among the survey
projects. It can be interpreted that the Earthquake Investigation Committee selected such international scientific themes astasks for predicting earthquakes in local areas of Japan. This suggests that physicists, as well as seismologists, are actively
positioned as ones of active participants in the Earthquake Investigation Committee and as leaders in earthquake disasterstudies in modern Japan䠊
Keywords: The Earthquake Investigation Committee䠈 Natural Disaster Studies in Modern Japan,
by Physicists.

§1. 䛿䛨䜑䛻
1.1 ᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛸㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䜢௦⾲䛩䜛᪥ᮏே≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾୍ே䛷䛒䜛㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䠄1865-1950䠅䛾ಶே㈨ᩱ䛾⥲⛠䛷䛒䜛ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛄㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛅䛾䛺䛛䛻䛿䠈᫂἞ᮇ䛻䛂㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ጤဨ⌮Ꮵ༤ኈ㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䛃䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ฟᙇ䜢࿨䛨䛶䛔䜛㎡௧ᩥ᭩䛜ᩘ
Ⅼྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ 1䞉ᅗ 2䠅䠊බห㈨ᩱ䜢㎺䛳䛯㝿䛻䜒䠈1900 ᖺห⾜䛾䛄㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ఍Ḣᩥሗ࿌䛅䜢⓶ษ䜚䛻䠈1900 ᖺ௦ห⾜䛾ྠㄅᥖ㍕䛾ㄽᩥⴭ⪅䛻㛗ᒸ䛾ྡ䛜ᗄᗘ䛛ぢ䜙䜜䜛䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛸䛿䠈⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䛜ዎᶵ䛸䛺䛳䛶䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯᪥ᮏᆅ㟈Ꮫ఍䛾ᚋ㌟䛸䛧䛶 1892 ᖺ

䛻Ⓨ㊊䛧䠈㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛜ዎᶵ䛸䛺䛳䛶ᮾிᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ
ᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䛜๰タ䛩䜛 1925 ᖺ䜎䛷Ꮡ⥆䛧䛯䠈᪥ᮏึ䛾ᅜᐙ┤㎄䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲ᶵ㛵䛷䛒䜛䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾๰タ᫬䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈௒᪥䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫྐ◊✲䛷䛿䠈๓㌟䛷䛒䜛᪥ᮏᆅ㟈Ꮫ఍䛜䝭
䝹䞁䠄John Milne䠈1850-1913䠅䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛እᅜே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䜛ᆅ㟈䛾Ꮫ⌮ⓗ䛺᥈✲䜢୺䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛜୺య䛸䛺䛳䛶ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛸ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ䜢㍍ῶ䛩䜛䛂ᐇ㊶ⓗ䛷䝻䞊䜹䝹䛺ၥ㢟䛃䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䜒䛾䜈䛸ኚ໬䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䛸ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[㔠(2021)] 䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䠈ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ䛷ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛾㛵㇂Ύᬒ(1855-1896)䛸≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䠄1856-1952䠅䛾Ⓨ᱌䜢䜒䛸䛻⌮⛉኱ᏛᏛ㛗䛷㈗᪘㝔㆟ဨ䛾ᩘᏛ⪅⳥ụ኱㯄䠄1855-1917䠅䛜ᖇᅜ㆟*

䛈186-8601㻌 ᮾி㒔ᅜ❧ᕷ୰ 2-1
㻌 㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: fhishiki.hitotsu07 gmail.com†
䛈305䇵0005㻌 Ⲉᇛ┴䛴䛟䜀ᕷኳஂಖ 4䇵1䇵1
㻌 ᡤᒓ䛿ึ✏ᢞ✏᫬(2022 ᖺ 11 ᭶)᫬Ⅼ䚹

Earthquake Studies- 97 -఍䛷タ⨨᱌䜢ᘓ㆟䛧䛯䛣䛸䛻➃䜢Ⓨ䛩䜛[Ἡ(2015a)]䠊
๰タ᫬䛾ጤဨ䛿䠈఍㛗䛾ຍ⸨ᘯஅ䠄1836-1916䠈ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⥲㛗䞉ᨻ἞Ꮫ䠅䛸ᖿ஦䛾⳥ụ䠈Ⓨ᱌⪅䛾㛵㇂䛸⏣୰⯓䠈䛭䛧䛶ෑ㢌䛷⤂௓䛧䛯㛗ᒸ䜢ྵ䜐 12 ྡ䛷䛒䜚䠈௚䛾ጤဨ䜒䜎䛯⌮ᕤ⣔Ꮫ⪅䛷䛒䛳䛯䠄⾲ 1䠅 [ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973a)䠈ⴗཎ(1982a)]䠊㛗ᒸ䛻㝈䜙䛪䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛜䠈䝴䞊䜲䞁䜾䠄James Alfred
Ewin䠈1855-1935䠅䜔䝭䝹䞁䠈䝜䝑䝖䠄 Cargill Gilston
Knott䠈1865-1922䠅䛸䛳䛯䛚㞠䛔እᅜே䛸䛧䛶ᣍ⪸䛥䜜䠈䜎䛯᪥ᮏ䛷ᆅ㟈◊✲䛻⢭ຊⓗ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛰すὒ䛾⛉Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛾◊✲άື䜢ᡭఏ䛖䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛻ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈㏆௦ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛾Ṕྐ◊✲[ụୖ(1987)]䜔᪥ᮏ䛾⛉Ꮫྐ◊✲[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973b)]䛻䛚䛔䛶᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
䠍.2 ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䜛⅏ᐖ◊✲䠖㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾⅏ᐖ♫఍ྐ◊✲䛻䛚䛡䜛᪂䛯䛺ศᯒどゅ䛸䛧䛶᫂἞ᮇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈すὒ䛛䜙ཷᐜ䛥䜜䛯᪂䛯䛺⮬↛ほ䛜䠈ே䚻䛾⅏ᐖ䜈䛾ㄆ㆑䜒ኚ໬䛥䛫䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾⅏ᐖ♫఍ྐ䛻䛚䛔䛶♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊໭ཎ䛿䠈1888 ᖺ䛾☬Დᒣᄇⅆ䛻᫂἞ᮇ䛾ே䚻䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻཯ᛂ䛧䠈䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ᤊ䛘䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䛺䛛䛷䠈⌧ᆅ䛻㛵㇂䜔⳥ụᏳ䠄1862-1894䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛜ὴ㐵䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛸ᙼ䜙䛾ㄪᰝሗ࿌䛻╔┠䛧䛶䛔䜛[໭ཎ(1998a)]䠊໭ཎ䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᨻᗓ䜔♫఍䛾⅏ᐖ䜈䛾ㄆ㆑䛜䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷䛾䛂⅏␗䛃䛛䜙䛂⛉Ꮫ䛃䛾ᑐ㇟䜈䠈䛴䜎䜚⮬↛⅏ᐖ⌧㇟䜢Ꮫ⌮◊✲䛾ᑐ㇟䜈䛸ኚ໬䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛚䜚[໭ཎ(1998b)]䠈䛭
䛾య⌧䛸䛧䛶☬Დᒣᄇⅆᚋ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛻䜘䜛ㄪᰝ䜢ᤊ䛘䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛⛉Ꮫ⪅䛾Ⓩሙ
䛸ᙼ䜙䛜୺య䛸䛺䜛⅏ᐖ◊✲䛿䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾⅏ᐖ♫఍ྐ䜢ᥥ䛟ୖ䛷㔜せ䛺ศᯒどゅ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾⅏ᐖ♫఍ྐ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈⛉Ꮫ⪅䜢୺య䛻䛧䛯ヨ䜏䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䜢⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾య⌧䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘┤䛩䛣䛸䛷䠈䛭䜜䜢Ⓨ᱌䛧ᐇ㉁ⓗ䛺άື䜢ᢸ䛳䛶䛔䛯⛉Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䠈≉䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾䜘䛖䛻ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢୺ᑓᨷ䛸䛧䛺䛔⛉Ꮫ⪅䛻↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䛯᳨ウ䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䠈㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䜢ዎᶵ䛻ᮾிᖇᅜ኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䛾タ❧䜢ᵓ᝿䛥䜜䛯㝿䛾᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛾୰䛻䛿㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ཬ䜃䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛻≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛜Ḟ䛡䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜཯
┬Ⅼ䛷䛒䛳䛯◊✲ᶵ㛵䛸䛔䛖ホ౯䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[ⴗཎ(1982b)]䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛣䜜䜎䛷䛿๓㌟䛸
ᚋ㌟䛻䛒䛯䜛◊✲ᶵ㛵䛸䛾ᛶ᱁䛾ẚ㍑໬䜢ᅗ䜛ୖ䛷䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛸䛔䛖୍䛴䛾Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦ䛾⦪㍈ୖ䛻䛚䛟䛣䛸䛷䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛻䜘䜛ᆅ㟈䛾◊✲ᶵ㛵䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䜒⅏ᐖ䜢ᢚṆ䛩䜛ᑐ⟇䜢ㅮ䛨䜛䛯䜑䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛧䛶⌮ゎ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛯䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈⏣୰⯓䜔㛗ᒸ䛸䛔䛳䛯≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜๰タ᫬䛛䜙ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄝ᫂䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈ᚑ᮶䛾䜘䛖䛺๓ᚋ䛾ᶵ㛵䛸䛾ẚ㍑䛻䜘䜛ྐⓗゎ㔘䛻㝈䜙䛪䠈䜎䛯䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛸䛔䛖୍䛴䛾Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦ䛾⦪㍈ⓗ䛺⌮ゎ䛻㝈䜙䛪䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ㄡ䛻䜘䛳䛶๰䜙䜜䠈ලయⓗ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺┠ᶆ䛜ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䠈䛭䛾┠ᶆ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺᪉ἲ䛻䜘䛳䛶㐩䛫䜙䜜䜛䛸ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䛸䛔䛳䛯ከ㠃ⓗ䛺どゅ䛻䜘䜛᳨ウ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊≉䛻䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾䛯䜑䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾䜘䛖䛺ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢୺ᑓᨷ䛸䛧䛺䛔⛉Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᙜ᫬䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ䜢◊✲䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜔Ⓨ᝿䜢ᗈ䛟ᢕᥱ䛧䛯ୖ䛷䛾ྐᩱศᯒ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䠊
1.3 ᮏ✏䛾┠ⓗ䛸᪉ἲᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾ㄪᰝᶵ㛵䛷䛒䜛㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ཧຍ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䜢㏻䛧䛶䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䠈䜂䛔䛶䛿ᙜ᫬䛾᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛾ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛶ᱁䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛛䜢෌᳨ウ䛩䜛䠊㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᢸ䛔ᡭ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᪂䛯䛺ゎ㔘䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱 1890 ᖺ௦䛛䜙㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾᪂䛯䛺୍ഃ㠃䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛷䛝䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌 ᮏ✏䛷䛿௨ୗ䛾᪉ἲ䜢ྲྀ䜛䠊䜎䛪䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾タ❧᫬䛻ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䛯┠ᶆ䛜グ㏙䛥䜜䛯䛄㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ㄪᰝ஦ᴗᴫ␎䛅䠄௨ୗ䠈䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛸䛩䜛䠅[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1893a)]䛾䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛺䛳䛯䛄ᆅ㟈Ꮵ◊✲䝙㛵䝇䝹ពぢ䛅䠄௨ୗ䠈䛄ពぢ䛅䛸䛩䜛䠅[⏣୰⯓䞉௚
(1893a)]䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜䛭䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈ồ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛿䠈ලయⓗ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦ䜢⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䠈ఱ䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䠊ḟ䛻䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾᥈✲䛾䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛸䛧䛯ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛸䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛾ᐇ᪋ືྥ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛸䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ᇳ➹䛧䛯㞧ㄅグ஦䜔⛉Ꮫㄽᩥ䛸䛔䛳䛯ྐᩱ䜢ే䛫䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䠊- 98 -

⾲ 1㻌 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍๰タ᫬䠄1893 ᖺ䠅䛾఍ဨ୍ぴ
Table 1.㻌 List of members at the time of the establishment of the Earthquake Investigation Committee (1893)Ặྡ⏕ᖺἐᖺ aᡤᒓ bᑓᨷຍ⸨ᘯஅ䠄఍㛗䠅

1836-1916

ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⥲㛗

ᨻ἞Ꮫ⳥ụ኱㯄䠄ᖿ஦䠅

1855-1917

ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱ᏛᏛ㛗
㈗᪘㝔㆟ဨ

ᩘᏛ

㎮㔝㔠࿃

1854-1919ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫᕤ⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᘓ⠏Ꮫ

ᕧᬛ㒊ᛅᢎ

1854-1927㎰ၟົ┬ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤᢏᖌ

ᆅ㉁Ꮫ

ྂᕷබጾ

1854-1934ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫᕤ⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᅵᮌᕤᏛ

㛵㇂Ύᬒ

1855-1896ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᆅ㟈Ꮫ

୰ᮧ⢭⏨

1855-1930୰ኸẼ㇟ྎᢏᖌ

Ẽ㇟Ꮫ

ᑠ⸨ᩥḟ㑻

1856-1935ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᆅ㉁Ꮫ

⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ

1856- 1952ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

≀⌮Ꮫ

⏣㎶᭾㑻

1861-1944ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫᕤ⛉኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

ᅵᮌᕤᏛ

㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻

1865-1950ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫຓᩍᤵ

≀⌮Ꮫ

኱᳃ᡣྜྷ

1868-1923ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ⌮⛉኱Ꮫㅮᖌ

ᆅ㟈Ꮫ

ซ౛
x
఍㛗䞉ᖿ஦䜢㝖䛟఍ဨ䛾㡯┠䛿⏕ᖺἐᖺ㡰䛸䛧䛯䠊xᡤᒓ䛿㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍╔௵᫬䠊
a
The members are ordered by year of birth and death.
bAffiliation when they joined the Earthquake Investigation Committee- 99 -

1.䠐㻌 ᮏ✏䛾ᵓᡂᮏ✏䛿ḟ䛾ᵓᡂ䜢ྲྀ䜛䠊䜎䛪䠈ศᯒෆᐜ䛻ධ䜛๓䛻䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ྐⓗᯟ⤌䜏䛾䛺䛛䛷ㄒ䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛛䜙◊✲ྐ䜢ᩚ⌮䛧䠈ᮏ✏䛾┠ⓗ䛻䛚䛡䜛୺せ䛺ඛ⾜◊✲䛸䛭䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䠄➨ 2 ⠇䠅䠊ḟ䛻䛄ពぢ䛅䛾ศᯒ䛸᳨ウ䠄➨ 3 ⠇䠅䠈䛭䛧䛶䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛸≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ᇳ➹䛧䛯㞧ㄅグ஦䜔⛉Ꮫㄽᩥ䛾ศᯒ䛸᳨ウ䜢⾜䛖 (➨ 4 ⠇)䠊᭱ᚋ䛻䠈ᮏ✏䛾䜎䛸䜑䛸ㄢ㢟䛻䛴䛔䛶㏙䜉䜛䠄➨ 5 ⠇䠅䠊[Clancey(2006a)]䠈୰ᑿ䛿㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᛮ᝿ྐⓗどⅬ䛛䜙ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖほ䛾ኚ㑄䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛୰䛷[୰ᑿ(2017)]䠈
໭ཎ䛿ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ䛾♫఍ྐⓗศᯒ䛾䛺䛛䛷[໭ཎ(2021)]䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒Ṕྐⓗዎᶵ䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊

2.3 ୺せ䛺ඛ⾜◊✲䛸䛭䛾ぢゎ㻌 2.2 ⠇䛻䛚䛔䛶ᣲ䛢䛯ඛ⾜◊✲䛾䛺䛛䛷䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛸㔠䠈Ἡ䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䜘䜚㋃䜏㎸䜣䛰ศᯒ䜢⾜䛔䠈ㄽ᪨䛾୺せ䛺᰿ᣐ䛾୍㒊䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊
§2. ୺せ䛺ඛ⾜◊✲䛸ㄢ㢟䠖ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾Ṕྐ䛻䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾๰タ䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈⃰䛚䛡䜛㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾఩⨨䛵䛡䛛䜙ᑿᆅ㟈䛜᪥ᮏே䛾⛉Ꮫ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᮍ᮶䛾᪥ᮏ䜢ㆤ䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯䛂⛉Ꮫ䛻䛚䛡䜛㌿ᶵ䠄scientific opportunity䠅䛃䛻
2.1 ᮏ⠇䛾┠ⓗ䛺䛳䛯䛸୺ᙇ䛧䛶䛔䜛[Clancey(2006a)]䠊䛣䛣䛷䜽䝷䞁㻌 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䠈䛭䛾ᛶ᱁䛛䜙୺䛻㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾䝅䞊䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜኱䛝䛟ᆅ㟈ண▱䛸ᘓ㐀≀⅏ᐖ◊✲䞉ᩥ໬䛾Ṕྐ䛸ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛾Ṕྐ䛾୧ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛾⪏㟈ᛶ䛾ྥୖ䛸䛔䛖䠎䛴䛾┠ᶆ䜢ᥖ䛢䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛛䛔䛶⤂௓䛥䜜䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ᩥ⬦䛾䛺䛛䛷㔜せ䛺ྐⓗ䜙[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1893b)]䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜䠈ᆅዎᶵ䛸䛧䛶╔┠䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䠈䜎䛪㟈⅏ண㜵㟈䜢᛹ወ⌧㇟䛷䛿䛺䛟᮶䜛⅏ᐖ䛾ண㜵䛻ྥ䛡䛶ὀពㄪᰝ఍䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ྐⓗᯟ⤌䜏䛾䛺䛛䛷ㄒ䜙䜜䛶䛔
䛩䜉䛝ほ ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯䠈᪥ᮏே䛾ᆅ㟈䜈䛾䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛛䜙◊✲ྐ䜢ᩚ⌮䛧䛶ᮏ✏䛾┠ⓗ䛻䛚ྥ䛝ྜ䛔᪉䛾ኚ໬䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛡䜛୺せ䛺ඛ⾜◊✲䜢ᑟฟ䛧䠈䛭䛣䛛䜙ᮏ✏䛻䛸䛳䛶㔠䛿䠈ୖ㏙䛾䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛾୺ᙇ䛛䜙᭦䛻㋃䜏㎸䜣䛾ㄢ㢟䜢ᑟฟ䛩䜛䠊䛰ศᯒ䛻䜘䜚䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䛂᪥ᮏே䛻䜘䛳䛶ᆅ㟈◊✲䛚䜘䜃䛭䜜䛻㛵䛩䜛ᴗົ䛜⤌⧊໬䛥䜜䛶䛃䛔
2.2 ◊✲ྐᩚ⌮䠖㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾఩⨨䛵䛡䛻䛴䛳䛯㐣⛬䛷⏕䜎䜜䛯◊✲ᶵ㛵䛷䛒䜛䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䛔䛶[㔠(2007d)]䠊㔠䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾๰タ᫬䛻ጤ㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䠈䜎䛪䠈⮬↛⅏ᐖ䛾せᅉ䛸䛧䛶ဨ䛻䜘䛳䛶Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯䛄㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳஦ᴗᴫ␎䛅䛾ᆅ㟈䜢⮬↛⛉Ꮫ䛾◊✲ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛶ᥥ䛟䛺䛛䛷䠈䛴䛾㡯┠[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1893a)]䛾ヲ⣽䛺ศᯒ䜢㋃
䜎䜚᪥ᮏ䛾⮬↛⛉Ꮫྐ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫྐ䛾䛺䛛䛷ᥥ䜎䛘䛶䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䛂ᆅ㟈䛸䛔䛖䛂୙ᛮ㆟䛺䛃⮬䛛䜜䛶䛝䛯䠊⸨஭䛸ⴗཎ䛿᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛾㏻ྐⓗ◊↛⌧㇟䜢⌮ゎ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛧䛯እᅜே୰ᚰ䛾᪥ᮏᆅ㟈Ꮫ✲䛾䛺䛛䛷[⸨஭(1967)䠈ⴗཎ(1982c)]䠈㔠䛿≀⌮Ꮫ఍䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䠈䛂⿕ᐖ䛾㍍ῶ䛃䜢᫂☜䛻䛭䛾௵ົ䛸䛩䜛⪅䛾ཧධ䛸䛔䛖஦㇟䜒ྵ䜑䛯᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾⛉Ꮫ䛾⤌⧊䛃䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ㟈◊✲䛾⤌⧊໬䛸䛭䛾ᢸᙜ⪅䛾䛂᪥ྐⓗ⌮ゎ䛻㔜せ䛺䝣䜯䜽䝍䞊䛸䛧䛶䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢Ꮫㄝᮏே໬䛃䛸䛔䛖ኚ໬䜢య⌧䛧䠈᫂἞ᮇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛ྐⓗ䛻෌᳨ウ䛩䜛䛺䛛䛷[㔠(2007c)]䠈Ἡ䛿᫂἞ᮇ䛛䛂⛉Ꮫ䛛䜙ᕤᏛ䜈䛾୰ᚰ⛣ື䛃䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛[㔠(2007e)]䠊
ᰝ◊✲䜔ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜢ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲䛸䛧䛶㏻ྐⓗ䞉ᨻ䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛸㔠䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾┠ⓗཬ䜃ά⟇ྐⓗ䛻ᤊ䛘䜛䛺䛛䛷[Ἡ(2015b)]䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ື䛾ጼ䜢䠈⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䜢ዎᶵ䛸䛧䛯᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛾ኚ䛻䛴䛔䛶ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫྐ䛾㏻ᐜ䛾཯ᫎ䛷䛒䜛䛸ぢ䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛾㛵ᚰྐⓗ◊✲䛾䛺䛛䛷䛿䠈᫂἞ᮇ䛻≀⌮Ꮫศ㔝䛾ᦠ䜟䛛䜙ぢ䛔䛰䛥䜜䜛୧⪅䛾┦㐪䛸䛧䛶䠈䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛿㟈䛳䛯Ꮫ⾡⤌⧊䛾୍䛴䛻఩⨨௜䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[᪥ᮏ≀⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ཧຍ䝯䞁䝞䞊䛸䛧䛶≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜢ᣲ䛢⌮Ꮫ఍䠄1978a䠅]䠊
䛶䛔䜛䛻㐣䛞䛺䛔䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈㔠䛿䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䜎䛯䠈䛭䛾୺య䜢⛉Ꮫ⪅䜔◊✲⪅䛻␃䜑䛪䠈ᆅ㟈䛺䛳䛯䛄ពぢ䛅䛾ᇳ➹⪅䛸䛧䛶⏣୰⯓䜔㛗ᒸ䛸䛔䛳䛯⅏ᐖ䜢䜑䛠䜛ே㛫䛾ᩥ໬άື䛾䛺䛛䛷ᤊ䛘䜛ྐⓗᯟ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䜎䛯䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪ⤌䜏䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿ゝཬ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᰝ఍䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛸䛭䛾ᚋ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛾ኚ㑄䛾䜽䝷䞁䝅䞊䛿ᩥ໬ྐⓗどⅬ䛛䜙㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛜ᆅ㟈䛸䛹䛺䛛䛷≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛾◊✲άື䜔ゝㄝ䛻╔┠䛧䛶䛾䜘䛖䛻ྥ䛝ྜ䛳䛶䛝䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䛺䛛䛷䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䠊㻌- 100 -

Ἡ䜒䜎䛯䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫྐ䛷䛿㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䜲䜼䝸䝇ே䛚㞠䛔እᅜே䛾䝭䝹䞁䜔㛵㇂䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ◊✲䛾⥅⥆䞉ᘏ㛗䛸䛩䜛䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䝭䝹䞁䛿㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱䜢┠ᶆ䛸䛩䜛◊✲㡯┠䛻䜐䛧䜝ྰᐃⓗ䛺⪃䛘䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛[Ἡ(2015c)]䠊Ἡ䛿≉䛻ゝཬ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜䠈Ἡ䛜䠈䝭䝹䞁䛜ྰᐃⓗ䛺⪃䛘䜢♧䛧䛯䛸䛩䜛◊✲㡯┠䛿䠈ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛾 ᐃ䠈ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ 䠈ᆅୗ ᗘ䛾ほ 䠈඲ᅜ䛾㔜ຊศᕸ䛾ㄪᰝ䠈⦋ᗘ䛾ኚື䛾ほ 䛸䛔䛖䜘䛖䛻䠈≀⌮Ꮫྐ䛷䛿䜐䛧䜝᫂἞ᮇ䛾ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䛸䛧䛶఩⨨௜䛡䜙䜜䜛㡯┠䛷䛒䜛 䠍䠊Ἡ䛿㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾ෆᐜ䛜᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䛳䛶⪃᱌䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛻ຍ䛘䠈ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䛻㛵䛩䜛㡯┠䜈䜒╔┠䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ぢ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊௨ୖ䛾ඛ⾜◊✲䛿䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾Ṕྐ䛾୰䛻䠈䛭䜜䜎䛷䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜢Ⓩሙ䛥䛫䠈ᙼ䜙䛾ゝㄝ䜔ཧຍ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ◊✲䜈䜒╔┠䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛸䛿䛔䛘䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾᫬ᮇ䛻㝈ᐃ䛧䛯ሙྜ䠈䜔䛿䜚ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛯ྐⓗゎ㔘䛷䛒䜚䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䜢୺య䛸䛧䛯᳨ウ䛿䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊ㄒ䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙
3.1 ᮏ⠇䛾┠ⓗ㻌 ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍๰タ᫬䛻Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛻䛺䛳䛯䛄ពぢ䛅䛻╔┠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᵓ᝿䛧䛶䛔䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛜ලయⓗ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺Ꮫၥ㡿ᇦ䜢⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䠈ఱ䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䠊㻌
3.2 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᵓ᝿䛧䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛄ពぢ䛅䛿≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䛸㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䛻ຍ䛘䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ⪅䛾୰ᮧ⢭⏨䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛾኱᳃ᡣྜྷ䛾 4 ே䛾ጤဨ䛾ྡ⩏䛻䜘䛳䛶Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯ពぢ᭩䛷䛒䜚䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔䛾⥲ྜᏛ⾡㞧ㄅ䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䜛䛄ᮾὒᏛ⸤㞧ㄅ䛅䛻඲ᩥ䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛺䛳䛯ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛾㝞㏙䛾๓ẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈ᙼ䜙䛾ᵓ᝿䛩䜛ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛛䛜ఛ䛘䜛⟠ᡤ䛜䛒䜛䠊௨ୗ䛻䠈䛭䛾⟠ᡤ䜢ᘬ⏝䛩䜛䠄ᘬ⏝ᩥ୰䛾ኴᏐཬ䜃ୗ⥺䛿ⴭ⪅䛻䜘䜛䠅䠊᱌䝈䝹䝙ᆅᆅ㟈䝝ᆅẆ䝜᣺ື䝙䝅䝔⊰ኳೃ䝜኱Ềㆰື䝙᪊䜿䝹䜺ዴ䝅䚸Ề㇟䝜ㆰ␗䝝ྛᅧ┦➇䝔◊✲䝅䚸௨䝔ኳೃ䞀㇧▱䝅䚸அ䞀ᮍ↛䝙ഛ䝹䞀ᚓ䚸ⱝ䝅ኵ䝺⯪⯧䝜㑊㞴䚸㌷᪑䝜ㄝ␎䚸㎰ᐙ䝜౽┈䞀⯇䜾䝹Ƒ䠎䝝䚸Ề㇟Ꮵ䜺ே㢮䝙⯆䝣䝹ᡤ䝜ᜨᚨᑗᗄఱ䝌䝲䚸⪋䝅䝔ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䝝⌧௒ഹ䝙඼➃䞀㛤䜻䚸᭱䝰ᗂ⛶䝜Ꮵၥ䝘䝹䞀௨䛶䚸அ䞀Ề㇟Ꮵ䝖ྠ➼䝜ᆅ఩䝙㐩䝉䝅䝯䞁䝖ḧ䝉䝞ඛỀ㇟Ꮵ䜺⥂Ṗ䝉䝅஦☺䞀⪃✍䝉䝄䝹䝧䜹䝷䝈䚸Ề㇟Ꮵ䝝኱Ề䝜⌧㇟䞀◊✲䝇䝹Ꮫ⛉䝙䝅䝔䚸୺䝖䝅䝔ὶ㧓ຊᏥ䚸኱Ề≀⌮䝜⠊ᅖ䝙ᒓ䝇䝹䞀௨䝔䚸ᘅ䜽኱Ề䝜≪ໃ䞀ほ 䝅⢭䜽┦஫䝜㜝ಀ䞀ㄪᰝ䝇䝹䝙⮳䝔ึ䝔➃⥴䞀㛤䜿䝸䚸඼๓䝙䜰䝸䝔䝝ഹ䝙ᗂ⛶䝜୍Ꮵ⛉䝙㐣䜼䝍䝸䜻㻌 㻌 䝗䞊䝧䞊䚸䝝䞁䝪䝹䝖䚸䝤䜲䝇䝞䝻䝑䝖䚸䜿䞊䝮䝑[䝬䝬] 䠏➼ㅖẶ㍮ฟ䝅䚸ᑓ䝷ຊᏥⓗ䝜ㅮ✲䞀䝘䝅䚸ᗈ䜽ྛᆅ᪉䝜ほ 䞀ẚ㍑䝅䚸⢭䞀✚䝭ຌ䞀㔜䝛௨䝔௒᪥䝜ቃᾭ䝙㐩䝉䝸䚸ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䝜㐍Ṍ䝝୺䝖䝅䝔ἼືຊᏥ୪䝙ᆅẆ≀

2.4 ◊✲ྐୖ䛾ᮏ✏䛾ㄢ㢟௨ୖ䛾ᩚ⌮䛛䜙䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛜ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖஦㇟䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈≀⌮Ꮫཬ䜃≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛾どⅬ䛛䜙᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛻䛴䛔䛶ṧ䛥䜜䛯ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䠊䛣䛾ㄢ㢟䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䛣䛸䛷㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䠈䛭䛾䛯䜑䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶ᙜ᫬䛾ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ◊✲䛾䝔䞊䝬䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䛸䛔䛖ၥ䛔䛻ᛂ䛘䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛸䛔䛳䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢୺ᑓᨷ䛸䛧䛺䛔⛉Ꮫ⪅䜢䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾ᢸ䛔ᡭ䛸䛧䛶✚ᴟⓗ䛻఩⨨䛵䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
§3. 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᵓ᝿䛧䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖≀⌮Ꮫⓗ⏝䠍㻌 ᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫྐ◊✲䛷䛿䠈᫂἞ᮇ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ䜢䛂≀⌮Ꮫ䛃䛸䛂ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䛃䛻ศ㢮䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍䠈1978䠈᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫྐ䠄ୖ䠖Ṕྐ䞉ᅇ᝿⦅䠅䠈ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈658pp.䠊
䠎䕕䛿䛂䝖䛃䛸䛂䜻䛃䛾ྜ␎௬ྡ䛷䛒䜛䠊䠏
19 ୡ⣖๓༙䛻Ẽ㇟Ꮫ⪅䜔༤≀Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶ά㌍䛧
䛯䛣䛸䛷▱䜙䜜䜛䝗䜲䝒ே䝗䞊䞂䜵䠄Heinrich Wilhelm

Dove, 1803-1879䠅䛸䝣䞁䝪䝹䝖䠄Friedrich Heinrich
Alexander, Freiherr von Humboldt䠈1769-1859䠅䠈䜸䝷䞁䝎ே䝪䜲䝇䞉䝞䝻䝑䝖䠄Christophorus Henricus
Diedericus Buys Ballot䠈1817-1890䠅䠈䜲䜼䝸䝇ே䝆䜵䞊䝮䝈䞉䜾䝺䞊䝅䝱䞊䠄James Glaisher䠈1809-1903䠅䜢ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊- 101 -

⌮䝜◊✲䝙ᇶ䜽䞀௨䝔䚸Ề㇟Ꮵ䝙᪊䝔኱Ề䝜ቶຊ䚸 ᗘ䚸஝ 䚸㢼ຊ䚸㢼ྥ䚸㞼㔞䚸㞼ᙧ䚸㞵㞷㔞➼ྛ✀䝜ほᐹ䞀∔䝅䚸➼Ềቶ䚸➼ ⥺➼䞀⟬␓䝅䚸ጞ䝯䝔ኳೃ䞀㇧ሗ䝇䝹䝙⮳䝸䝍䝹ዴ䜽䚸ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䝙᪊䜲䝔䝝୺䝖䝅䝔ᆅ 䚸䝆䝳䜴䝸䝵䜽䚸ᆅ㎴䝸䚸ᆅ☢Ề䚸ᆅ㟁ὶ➼䝜ㅖ⯡䝜ほ 䞀㐙䝀䚸➼☢
⥺䚸ཬᆅୗ 㠃䚸➼ቶ㠃➼䞀⟬␓䝅඼䝜≧ែ䝜ㆰ㑄䝙⏤䝔ጞ䝯䝔㇧▱㇧ሗ䝜᪉ἲ䞀ㅮ䝈䝹䞀ᚓ䝧䝅䚸⌧௒⛉Ꮵ䝜㐍Ṍ䚸ჾᲔ䝜⢭ᕤ䞀ᐹ䝇䝹䝙䝝䚸Ề㇟Ꮵⓐ㐩䝜㝿䝖ᨷ✲䝜ᅔ㞴ᅛ䝶䝸ྠ᪥䝜ㄽ䝙䜰䝷䝈䝖㞪䝰䚸஼඼ᴗ䝜ᐜ᫆䝘䝷䝄䝹䞀ぢ䝹䝧䝅䚸ᆅ⌫䞀ே㌟䝙㆜䝽䝺䝞Ề㇟Ꮵ䝝⊰䝩እ⛉䝜ዴ䜽䚸ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䝝⊰䝩ෆ⛉䝜ዴ䝅䚸እ⛉䞀ᥐ䝔ႝ䝙ෆ⛉䞀◊✲䝇䝹䝙⬟䝝䝈䚸እ⛉䝙᪊䜲䝔䝰஼䝍↛䝸䚸ඳ⛉┦ᚅ䝔ጞ䝯䝔඼ຠ䞀ぢ䝹䚸௒䝲እ⛉䝜ᨷ✲䝝絝䝙඼⥴䝙ᑵ䜿䝸䚸㇍⋊䝸ෆ⛉䝜ᨷ✲ᛛ䝙䝇䝧䜿䞁䝲䚸࿃ே䝝ᐿ䝙ᆅẆ䝜⑓ཎ䞀ᐹ䝅௨䝔඼⅏ᐖ䞀㇧㜵䝇䝹䝜᪉䞀ㅮ䝊䝄䝹䝧䜹䝷䝈୍᪦ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䞀䝅䝔Ề㇟Ꮵ䝜ᆅ఩䝙㐍䝮䝹䞀ᚓ䝉䝅䝯䝞䚸ᐙᒇ䝜ᵓ㐀䚸ሐ㜵䚸◙⮹䝜ᘓタ䚸㚡㐨ᶫᱱ䝜ᕸᯫ䚸⯪ᱱ ⅂䝜⠏㐀䚸ᕷ⾤㒔ᗓ䝜᪉఩䚸ᙧ≪➼ᅧ䜲䜶䝜㛗ィ䝙㜝䝇䝹௻ᅯ䞀☜ᐃ䝅䚸඼ே㢮䝙⯆䝣䝹ຠ⏝㇍ཪỀ㇟Ꮵ䝜ẚ䝘䝷䞁䝲[⏣୰⯓䞉௚䠄1893䠅]㔠䛿䠈ᘬ⏝ᩥ୰䛾ୗ⥺⟠ᡤ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜢䛂Ẽ㇟Ꮫⓗᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛃䛷䛒䜛䠈䛴䜎䜚ⴭ⪅䛯䛱䛜Ẽ㇟Ꮫ䛾䜘䛖䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᵝ䚻䛺⌧㇟䜢⥙⨶ⓗ䛻ほᐹ䛧䠈 䛭䛣䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛶ᅗ㠃䜢సᡂ䛧 ,䛣䜜䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶ண▱䜢⾜䛖ᡭ㡰䜢ྲྀ䛳䛯᪉ἲ䜢せㄳ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛[㔠(2007f)]䠊䜎䛯䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ䜢䛂እ⛉䛃䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢䛂ෆ⛉䛃䛸䛯䛸䛘䛶䛔䜛Ⅼ䛛䜙䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ◊✲䜢኱Ẽ䛸䛔䛖ᆅ⌫䛾እ㒊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᥈✲䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛯ሙྜ䛻ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛿ᆅẆ䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ⌫䛾ෆ㒊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᥈✲䛷䛒䜛䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛻䛚䛔䛶ୖ䛾㔠䛾ศᯒ䛻㏣グ䛩䜉䛝䛣䛸䛿䠈ᘬ⏝ᩥ୰䛾ኴᏐ⟠ᡤ䛻䛚䛔䛶ⴭ⪅䛯䛱䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䛜ᆅẆ䛾᣺ື䛷䛒䜛䛸⌮ゎ䛧䠈䛭䛾䛯䜑ᆅ㟈Ꮫ◊✲䛜䛂ἼືຊᏥ䛃䛸䛂ᆅẆ≀⌮䛃䛾◊✲䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈䛂ὶయຊᏥ䛃ཬ䜃䛂኱Ề≀⌮䛃䛾ศ㔝䛻ᒓ䛩䜛䛸⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛄ពぢ䛅䛾ⴭ⪅䛯䛱䛜Ẽ㇟Ꮫ䜢“኱Ẽ≀⌮Ꮫ”䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢“ᆅẆ≀⌮Ꮫ”䠈䛴䜎䜚䛔䛪䜜䜒ᆅ⌫䜢◊✲ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛≀⌮Ꮫ䛾୍ศ㔝䛸䛧䛶䜒ᤊ䛘䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊≀⌮Ꮫ䛻䛚䛔䛶ᆅẆ䜢䝔䞊䝬䛸䛧䛯◊✲䛿䠈19 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙䛻䜲䜼䝸䝇䛾䜿䝹䞂䜱䞁ཀ䠄William Thomson,
Lord Kelvin, 1824-1907䠅䜔䝗䜲䝒䛾ᩘ⌮≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛜ᙎᛶᏛ◊✲䛾ᛂ⏝ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚⤌䜣䛷䛔䛯䛣䛸
䛿䠈19 ୡ⣖䛾ᩘ⌮≀⌮Ꮫྐ䛾◊✲[䜽䝷䜲䞁(1995)]䜔ᮦᩱຊᏛྐ䛾◊✲[䝔䜱䝰䝅䜵䞁䝁(2007)]䛻䛚䛔䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈⏣୰⯓䜔㛗ᒸ䛾 1890 ᖺ௦㡭䛾◊✲䛿ᙼ䜙䛻ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜔䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ⪅䛾୰ᮧ䛸ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛾኱᳃䛿⛉Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛿ู䛾㡿ᇦ䛻㐍䜣䛰䛜䠈Ꮫኈㄢ⛬䛷䛿䛔䛪䜜䜒≀⌮Ꮫ⛉䛻ᅾ⡠䛧䛶⏣୰⯓䜔㛗ᒸ䛸ྠᵝ䛾すὒ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛻ᖌ஦䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜≀⌮Ꮫྐ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍(1978)]䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛄ពぢ䛅䛾⫼ᬒ䛻䛿䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜔≀⌮Ꮫ䛾⣲㣴䜢䜒䛴⛉Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䜛ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢≀⌮Ꮫ䛾୍ศ㔝䛸䛧䛶⌮ゎ䛧䜘䛖䛸
䛩䜛Ⓨ᝿䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
3.3 ᑠᣓ
ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍๰タ᫬䛻Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛻䛺䛳䛯䛄ពぢ䛅䛻╔┠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᵓ᝿䛧䛶䛔䛯䛂ᆅ㟈Ꮵ◊✲䛃䛜䠈䛂ἼືຊᏥ୪䝙ᆅẆ≀⌮䝜◊✲䛃䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛸䛥䜜䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ◊✲䜢኱Ẽ䛸䛔䛖ᆅ⌫䛾እ㒊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᥈✲䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛯ሙྜ䛻ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛿ᆅẆ䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ⌫䛾ෆ㒊䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᥈✲䛷䛒䜛䛸ㄝ᫂䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯䠊䛴䜎䜚䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜┠ᣦ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛿䠈䛂ἼືຊᏥཬ䜃ᆅẆ≀⌮䛃䛾᪉ἲ䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛻䜘䜛ᆅẆ䛾᥈✲䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ᆅ㟈䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢ゎ᫂䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊㻌䛄ពぢ䛅䛾ᥦゝ⪅ 4 ྡ䛾䛖䛱 2 ྡ䛿≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶⏣୰⯓䛸㛗ᒸ䛜ྡ䜢㐃䛽䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛄ពぢ䛅䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䜒ᙼ䜙䛾୺ᙇ䜔Ⓨ᝿䜢⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜᥎䛷䛝䜛䠊≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ᙼ䜙䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜๰タ䛥䜜ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䜢ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯㝿䛻䜒䠈ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾䛯䜑䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䛯䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾㡯┠䛻䜒ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾ᐇ⾜⪅䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿୺ᑟ⪅䛸䛧䛶ཧຍ䛧䛯䠊ḟ⠇䛷䛿䠈䛭䛾ືྥ䛻╔┠䛩䜛䠊§4. 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛸䛭䛾᪉ἲ䠖≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ཧຍ䛻╔┠䛧䛶
4.1 ᮏ⠇䛾┠ⓗ㻌 ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛻♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾㡯┠䛾䛖䛱≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯㡯┠䛸䛭䛾ືྥ䛻╔┠䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䜢⾜䛖䛯- 102 -

䜑䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䜔◊✲ㄢ㢟䛜ᚲせ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䠊䛾ᆅ㟈䛻క䛳䛶ᆅ☢Ẽ䛜ኚ໬䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖⏣୰⯓䛸㛗ᒸ䛾ሗ࿌[⏣୰⯓䞉㛗ᒸ(1892)]䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛸䛒䜚䠈඲ᅜ䠑䜹ᡤ䛻ᆅ☢Ẽほ ᡤ䜢タ⨨䛩䜛ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䛶䛔䜛䠊
4.2㻌 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾┠ⓗ䛸ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾㡯┠䛣䛾㡯┠䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛾➨ 4 㡯䜢䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃㻌 䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛷䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᥖ䛢䜛┠ⓗ䛸䛭䜜䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛸䛥䜜䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜➨ 9 㡯䛿ᆅୗ䛾 ᗘ䛾ほ 䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ᆅ⌫䛶䛔䜛䠊ෆ㒊䛾཰⦰䛜䛒䛳䛯ሙྜ䠈䛭䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶ᆅ㟈䛜㉳䛣㻌 䜎䛪䠈┠ⓗ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻䛒䜛䠊䜛䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊᪥ᮏྛᆅ䛷ᆅୗ䛾 ᗘ䜢ほ 䛧䛶䠈ኳẼᅗ䛾䜘䛖䛻“ᙜ ᗘ㠃”䜢ᥥ䛝䠈䛭䜜䛸ᆅ㟈䞉ⅆᒣ䛾ศᕸ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛜䜟䛛㻌 㻌 㻌 ᮏ᭳䝜ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䝝඼ྡ⛠䝜ዴ䜽ᆅ㟈䝜⅏ᐖ䞀㇧䜜䜀ᆅ㟈䛜ண▱䛷䛝䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾㡯┠䛿䛄ពぢ䛅㜵䝇ྍ䜻ᡭẁ䞀ㄪᰝ䝇䝹䝙ᅾ䝸᭦䝙அ䞀ゝ䝦䝝୍䛾➨ 1 㡯䜢䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊㠃䝙᪊䜲䝔䝝ᆅ㟈䞀㇧▱䝇䝹䝜᪉ἲ᭷䝲ྰ䝲䞀᥈
➨ 10 㡯䛿㔜ຊ䛾ศᕸ䛸䛭䛾ኚື䛾ㄪᰝ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣✲䝅୍㠃䝙᪊䜲䝔䝝ᆅ㟈䝜㉳䝸䝍䝹㝿඼⅏ᐖ䞀᭱䝰ᑡ䝘䜹䝷䝅䝮䝦䜻ィ␓䞀∔䝇䝙ᅾ䝸[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪ䜜䛿䠈ᒁᡤⓗ䛺㔜ຊ䛾ኚ໬䛻䜘䛳䛶ᆅẆ䛻⿣䛡┠䛜ᰝ᭳䠄1893䠅]⏕䜏ฟ䛥䜜䜛䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ㟈䛾せᅉ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾㡯┠䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛾➨ 2 㡯䜢䛯ୖ䛾ᘬ⏝䛛䜙䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾┠ⓗ䛿ᆅ㟈䛾䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊⅏ᐖ䜢ண㜵䛩䜛ᡭẁ䜢ㄪᰝ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䛒䜚䠈ලయⓗ䛻➨ 11 㡯䛿⦋ᗘ䛾ኚື䛾ほ 䛸ᅵᆅ䛾᪼㝆䛾ㄪᰝ䛿ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䠈ᆅ㟈䛾⿕䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ᆅ⌫䛾⮬㌿㍈䛾ኚື䛻క䛖⦋ᗘ䛾ᐖ䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䜛䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱ᵓ㐀≀䛾⪏ኚ໬䛿ᆅ㟈䛸㛵ಀ䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛯䜑䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣㟈ᛶ䛾ྥୖ䜢ᅗ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊 䛾㡯┠䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛾➨ 3 㡯䜢䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘ḟ䛻䠈๓㏙䛾┠ⓗ䜢㐩ᡂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛺ㄪᰝ஦䜙䜜䜛䠊ᴗ඲ 18 㡯┠䠄⾲ 2䠅䛾䛖䛱䠈➨ 1䡚3䠈5䡚6䠈8䡚11 䛾௨ୖ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱䛻㛵䛩䜛㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ἡ䛿䠈᪥
ィ 9 㡯┠䛻ᙜ䛯䜛䠈ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱ィ⏬䛾Ṕྐ䛿 1962 ᖺ䛻᪥ᮏᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾㡯┠䛿௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖䛻ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛఍䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱ィ⏬◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥䛜Ⓨ⾲䛧䛯䛂䝤䝹䞊[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1893a)]䠊
䝥䝸䞁䝖䛃[The Earthquake Prediction Research Group➨ 1 㡯䛿඲ᅜ䛾ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䞉ⅆᒣᄇⅆ䛾グ㘓䠈ཬin Japan(1962)]䜢ጞⅬ䛸䛧䛶ㄒ䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䜃ᆅ㟈䛾๓඙䛸䛥䜜䛯⌧㇟䛾グ㘓䜢཰㞟䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䛜䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾஦ᴗ䜒ᆅ㟈ண▱ィ⏬䛸࿧䜉䜛䛒䜛䠊 ➨ 2 㡯䛿ᆅ㟈ྐ䛾⦅⧩䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䛹༑ศ䛺ෆᐜ䜢క䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛[Ἡ(2015d)]䠊
䛾ᆅ᪉䛻㟈⅏䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䛛䛜☜䛛䜑䜙䜜䠈䛹䛾⛬ᗘ㻌 䛺䛚䠈䛄ពぢ䛅䛾ṧ䜚䛾㡯┠䛷䛒䜛➨ 5 㡯┠䛿䠈ᆅ㟈䛾᫬㛫㛫㝸䛷㉳䛣䜛䛛䜟䛛䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊 ➨ 3 㡯䛿䛾⿕ᐖ䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䜛ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛸䛧䛶䠈
ᆅ㉁Ꮫୖ䛾ㄪᰝ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䛺䛬ᆅ㟈䛜ከ
➨ 7 㡯䛾ᆅୖ䛸ᆅ୰䛾ᆅ㟈ື䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾䛯䛯䛔ᆅ᪉䛸ᑡ䛺䛔ᆅ᪉䛜䛒䜛䛾䛛䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛝ྎ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾➨ 1䡚3 㡯䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛾➨ 7 㡯䜢䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊
4.3㻌 ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ㄪᰝ஦➨ 5 㡯䛿ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛾 ᐃ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䛿ᴗ㡯┠䛸䛭䛾ືྥ㟈※䜢✺䛝Ṇ䜑䜛䛯䜑䛻㔜せ䛷䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䝭䝹䞁䜙䛜㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾άື᫬ᮇ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈⤌⧊䛾⾜䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䛜‶㊊䛾䛔䛟⤖ᯝ䛿ฟ䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸䛧䛶䛔ゎᩓᚋ䛻ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅௒ᮧ᫂ᜏ䠄1870-1947䠅䛜⾜䛳䛯ḟ䜛䠊➨ 6 㡯䛿ഴᩳኚ໬䛾ほ 䛷䛒䜛䠊⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䛺䛹䛾༊ศ䛻஌䛳ྲྀ䜛䛣䛸䛜ከ䛔䠊➨ 1 ᮇ䜢๰❧䛛䜙 1897
䛾ẚ㍑ⓗ኱䛝䛺ᆅ㟈䛾ᚋ䛻ᆅ㠃䛾ഴᩳኚ໬䛜グ㘓ᖺ㡭䜎䛷䠈➨ 2 ᮇ䜢 1897 ᖺ㡭䛛䜙㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ᐃᮇⓗ䛻ほ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱➨ 3 ᮇ䜢㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛛䜙ᐁไᗫṆ䜎䛷䛸䛩䜛༊ศ䛷䛩䜛୍ຓ䛸䛺䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛾➨䛒䜛[௒ᮧ(1929)]䠊≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛜
5䡚6 㡯䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛾➨ 5 㡯䜢䛯䛯䛝ྎ䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛯᫬ᮇ䛿䠈ୖ䛾༊ศ䛾䛺䛛䛷௒ᮧ䛜䛂ྛጤ䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ဨ䛜୍㰺䛻άື䛧䛯䛃䛸ホ䛩䜛➨ 1 ᮇ䛾᫬ᮇ䛻ᙜ䛯䜛䠊➨ 8 㡯䛿ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ 䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿⃰ᑿᆅ㟈ᚋ- 103 -

Table 2.

⾲ 2㻌 㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ඲ 18 㡯┠ a
The survey projects of the Earthquake Investigation Committee㡯┠ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛

1඲ᅜ䛾ᆅ㟈䞉ὠἼ䞉ⅆᒣᄇⅆ䛾グ㘓䠈ཬ䜃ᆅ㟈䛾๓඙䛸䛥䜜䛯⌧㇟䛾グ㘓䜢཰㞟䛩䜛

2ᆅ㟈ྐ䛾⦅⧩䜢⾜䛖3

ᆅ㉁Ꮫୖ䛾ㄪᰝ䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䛺䛬ᆅ㟈䛜ከ䛔ᆅ᪉䛸ᑡ䛺䛔ᆅ᪉䛜䛒䜛䛾䛛䜢᥈✲䛩䜛

4ᆅ㟈䛾⿕ᐖ䜢᭱ᑠ䛻䛩䜛ィ⏬䜢❧䛶䜛䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱ᵓ㐀≀䛾⪏㟈ᛶ䛾ྥୖ䜢ᅗ䜛䛭䛾௚ᆅ㟈ື䛾ᛶ㉁䜢◊✲䛩䜛5ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛾6ഴᩳኚ໬䛾ほ

ᐃ䜢⾜䛖

䜢⾜䛖

7

ᆅୖ䛸ᆅ୰䛾ᆅ㟈ື䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛

8

ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ

9

ᆅୗ䛾

10

㔜ຊ䛾ศᕸ䛸䛭䛾ኚື䜢ㄪᰝ䛩䜛11⦋ᗘ䛾ኚື䛾ほ䛾ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛖

䜢⾜䛖

ᗘ䛾ほ

䜢⾜䛖
䛸ᅵᆅ䛾᪼㝆

12ᵓ㐀ᮦᩱ䛾ᙉᙅ䜢ヨ㦂䛩䜛13ྛ✀䛾⪏㟈ᐙᒇ䛾ィ⏬䚸䛣䜜䜢ᆅ㟈䛾ከ䛔ᆅ᪉䛻ᘓ⠏䛩䜛

14ᵓ㐀≀䛾㞮ᙧ䜢䛴䛟䜚䚸ேᕤⓗ䛺᣺ື䜢୚䛘䛶ヨ㦂䛩䜛15⌧ᅾ䛾ᵓ㐀≀䜢㟈⅏䛻ഛ䛘䛶ண䜑ㄪᰝ䛧䛶䛚䛟

16ྛ✀ᆅ┙䛻䛴䛔䛶ᆅ㟈ື䛾኱䛝䛥䜢ẚ㍑ ᐃ䛩䜛

17ᆅ㟈ື䜢㐽᩿䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢ヨ㦂䛩䜛18ㄪᰝሗ࿌䜢ฟ∧䛧䚸ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䜢ᬑཬ䛩䜛ซ౛xනͺʲਔࡄ༩๹௒ࠬճ௒ࠬࣆ‫ྲྀ֕ۂ‬ʳ͹௒ࠬࣆ‫ߴۂ‬໪ͳͨ͹ઈ໎Ν‫ݳ‬େ‫ޢ‬Ͷ༃͢ɾҲ෨གྷ༁ͪ͢΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɿ‫ݳ‬େ‫ޢ‬༃ͳགྷ༁ͶͺɾഩͶΓΖ੖ཀྵ>ഩ࣏࿢ɾɾೖຌ͹ஏਔ༩எ‫  ڂݜ‬೧࢛ʁ໎࣑‫͖غ‬Δ౨ೖຌ୉ਔࡄΉͲɾ౨‫ښ‬୉ָड़൝ճɾSS@ΝࢂߡͶͪ͢ɿThe table is a partial summary of the survey items and their explanations in the "Outline of the Survey Projectsof the Earthquake Investigation Committee䠄㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ㄪᰝ஦ᴗᴫ␎䠅" translated into modern language.
Referred to the arrangement by Tomari’s analysis䠄[Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈671pp., 62-64.]䠅䠊

a- 104 -

≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛿䠈➨ 5䠈8䠈9䡚11
䛾ィ 5 㡯┠䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛪䠈➨ 5 㡯䛾ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛾 ᐃ[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1893c)]䛿䠈䛿䛨䜑䛿ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛾㛵㇂䠈௒ᮧ䠈኱᳃䛜㡰䛻ᢸᙜ䛧䛯௚䠈㛗ᒸ䜒⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[Ἡ(2015e)]䠊㛗ᒸ䛿䠈ᆅẆ䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛᪥ᮏྛᆅ䛾ᒾ▼䛾ᙎᛶᐃᩘ䜢 ᐃ䛧䠈䛭䛾ᙎᛶⓗᛶ㉁䛾┦㐪䛛䜙ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛿ᆅẆ⾲㠃䜘䜚䜒ᆅ⌫ෆ㒊䜢㐍䜐䜋䛹኱䛝䛟䛺䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯[Nagaoka
䠄1900䠅]䠊䛣䜜௨㝆䠈㛗ᒸ䛿ᚋ㐍䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅᪥ୗ㒊ᅄ㑻ኴ䠄1885-1924䠅䛻ᘬ䛝⥅䛞䠈ᚋ䛻䛣䛾◊✲䛜᪥ୗ㒊䛜≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛭䛾ྡ䜢▱䜙䜜䜛ୖ䛷᭱䜒୺せ䛺䝔䞊䝬䛸䛺䜛[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973c)]䠊
➨ 5 㡯䛾◊✲䜢⓶ษ䜚䛻䠈㛗ᒸ䛿 1900 ᖺ௦䛻䛚䛔䛶ಶே◊✲䛸䛧䛶䜒ᆅ㟈䜢䝔䞊䝬䛻䛧䛯ㄽᩥ䜢Ⓨ⾲䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䠈㛗ᒸ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973d)]䠊㛗ᒸ⮬㌟䛿䛣䛾◊✲䜢᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜘䜚䜒䜐䛧䜝ྠ᫬ᮇ䛾すḢ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ䛾₻ὶ䛾䛺䛛䛻఩⨨௜䛡䜘䛖䛸䛧䛯䛸䛩䜛ྐⓗゎ㔘䛜䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[㔠(2007g)]䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈㛗ᒸ䛾䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛾ᆅ㟈◊✲䛻䛿䛄ពぢ䛅䛻䛚䛔䛶ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛜ᇶ䛵䛟䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ἼືຊᏛ䜢⏝䛔䛯⌮ㄽⓗഴྥ䛜䛒䜛[⳻ᮌ(2022)]䛣
䛸䛛䜙䠈㛗ᒸ䛿ಶே◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᥖ䛢䛯┠ⓗ䠈䛴䜎䜚ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢ᑟ䛟䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸䛩䜛ゎ㔘䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊
ḟ䛻䠈➨ 8 㡯䛾ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ 䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛻ᇶ䛵䛝 1893-96 ᖺ䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯඲ᅜ䛾ᆅ☢Ẽㄪᰝ䛷䛿䠈⏣୰⯓䛜୰ᚰ䛸䛺䛳䛶䠈ᮾிᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⛉䛾Ꮫ⏕䛜ືဨ䛥䜜䠈䛚䜘䛭 400 䛾ほ Ⅼ䛷ᐃ 䛜⾜䜟䜜䛯[Tanakadate(1904a)]䠊1900 ᖺ䛾➨ 29ᅇጤဨ఍䛷䛿䠈䛂ᆅ⌫☢ຊ䛃䛾ㄪᰝ䛾䛯䜑䛾≉ูጤဨ఍䛜タ⨨䛥䜜䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛷䛿⏣୰⯓䛸㛗ᒸ䛜㑅ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳(1900)]䠊ᆅ㟈䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾◊✲䛿䛭䛾ᚋ㐍ᒎ䜢ぢ䛫䛺䛛䛳䛯䛜䠈䛣䛾㡯┠䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜔≀⌮Ꮫ⛉䛾Ꮫ⏕䛜䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᆅ㟈䛾ண▱䜢ᛕ㢌䛻⨨䛔䛯ㄪᰝ䛸䛧䛶ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ ㄪᰝ䛻ᦠ䜟䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛾⏣୰⯓䛻䛴䛔䛶◊✲䜢⾜䛳䛯ྜྷ⏣䛿䠈ୖグ䛾඲ᅜ䛾ᆅ☢Ẽㄪᰝ䛾ᡂᯝ䜢䜎䛸䜑䛯ሗ࿌᭩[Tanakadate(1904b)]䛜⏣୰⯓䛾ಶே◊✲䛸䛧䛶䛾ᆅ☢Ẽ◊✲䛾㞟኱ᡂ䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛[ྜྷ⏣(1998a)]䠊ྜྷ⏣䛿⏣୰⯓䛜᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛾ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾 ᐃ䝕䞊䝍䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶ྠ᫬ᮇ䛾すὒ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ☢ẼᏛ䛾◊✲ືྥ䛻䛴䛔䛶ᢈุⓗ᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛯䛣䛸䛾䠈ྠ᫬ᮇ䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺⛉Ꮫ◊✲䛻䛚䛡䜛㔜せᛶ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜛[ྜྷ⏣(1998b)]䠊ྜྷ⏣䛾ᣦ᦬䜢ే䛫䛶᳨ウ䛩䜛䛸䠈➨ 8 㡯䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛿䠈ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾┠ᶆ䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠈ᙜ᫬䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺⛉Ꮫ䛾䝖䝺䞁䝗䛾䝔䞊䝬䜢ㄪᰝㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶㑅ᢥ䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛸ゎ㔘䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊ḟ䛻䠈➨ 9 㡯䛾ᆅୗ䛾 ᗘ䛾ほ 䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛻ᇶ䛵䛝䠈ᮾிᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ䛾ᵓෆ䛻᥀䛳䛯஭ᡞ䛺䛹䛾Ỉ ほ 䜢 1901 ᖺ䛛䜙㛤ጞ䛧䠈䛭䛾ほ ᡂᯝ䜢⏣୰⯓䛜䜎䛸䜑䛶ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛 [⏣୰⯓(1903)]䠊
䜎䛯䠈䛣䛾ほ 䛻䛿ᙜ᫬≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜢ᚿ䛩኱Ꮫ㝔⏕䛷䛒䛳䛯ᮏከගኴ㑻䠄1870-1963䠅䜒ཧຍ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈஭ᡞ䛾Ỉ఩䛜ᆅ㟈䛾๓ᚋ䛷ኚ໬䛧䛯䛣䛸䛸Ẽᅽ䛾ኚ໬䛾㛵ಀ䜢⪃ᐹ䛧䛶䛔䜛[ᮏከ(1903)䠈ᮏከ䞉௚(1903)]䠊
ᮏከ䛿䠈1911 ᖺ䛻ᮾ໭ᖇᅜ኱Ꮫ䛾ึ௦≀⌮Ꮫᩍᤵ䛻╔௵ᚋ䠈᪥ᮏ䛾㔠ᒓᏛ◊✲䛾๰ጞ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛭䛾ྡ䜢᭱䜒▱䜙䜜䜛ே≀䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈1900䡚1910 ᖺ௦䛾᫬ᮇ䛻㔠ᒓ䛾☢ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䛸୪⾜䛧䛶ὠἼ䜔₻఩䠈㛫ḞἨ䠈†἟➼䜢䝔䞊䝬䛸䛧䛯ಶே◊✲䜒⢭ຊⓗ䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[ึᒣ(2019)]䠊➨ 5 㡯䜢ዎᶵ䛸䛧䛯㛗ᒸ䛸ྠᵝ䛻䠈ᮏከ䛾䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ಶே◊✲䛾䝔䞊䝬䛾ฟⓎⅬ䜒䜎䛯䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛷ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䛯䠈ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢ᛕ㢌䛻⨨䛔䛯ㄪᰝ䜈䛾ཧຍ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊
㻌 ➨ 10 㡯䛾඲ᅜ䛾㔜ຊศᕸ䛾ㄪᰝ䛿䠈㛗ᒸ䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶⾜䜟䜜䠈ᮾி䛾㔜ຊຍ㏿ᗘ䜢ᚓ䜛ᡂᯝ䜢ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛[㛗ᒸ䞉௚(1901)]䠊㛗ᒸ䛿 1910 ᖺ䛾ほ 䜎䛷ཧຍ䛧䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䜒 1915 ᖺ䜎䛷⥆䛡䜙䜜䛯ᚋ䛻䛭䛾ㄪᰝάື䛿 ᆅᏛጤဨ఍䛻ᘬ䛝⥅䛜䜜䛯䠊➨ 11 㡯䛾⦋ᗘ䛾ኚື䛾ㄪᰝ䜒ྠᵝ䛻䠈ᚋ䛻 ᆅᏛጤဨ఍䛻ᘬ䛝⥅䛜䜜䛯䠊㻌 ᆅᏛጤဨ఍䛿䠈1886 ᖺ䛻Ⓨ㊊䛧䛯ᅜ㝿 ᆅᏛ
༠఍䠄International Association of Geodesy䠖IAG䠊⌧ᅾ䛿ᅜ㝿 ᆅᏛ䞉ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ㐃ྜ䛾ᵓᡂ⤌⧊䠅䛾ᆅ⌫䛾⦋ᗘኚ໬䜢ㄪᰝ䛩䜛஦ᴗ䛾ᢸᙜ⤌⧊䛸䛧䛶
1889 ᖺ䛻᪥ᮏ䛜ຍ┕䛧䛯䛣䛸䛷Ⓨ㊊䛧䛯ᑓ㛛⤌⧊䛷䛒䜚䠈 ᆅ䛻㛵䜟䜛ᾏ㌷䞉㝣㌷ྛ㒊⨫䛾௦⾲䛜௵࿨䛥䜜䛯௚䠈Ẽ㇟Ꮫ⪅䛾୰ᮧ䜔 ᆅᏛ⪅䛾ᮌᮧᴿ(1870-1943)䠈⏣୰⯓䜔㛗ᒸ䛸䛔䛳䛯≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜒௵࿨䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973e)]䠊⏣୰⯓䛸ᮌᮧ䛿ᅜ㝿ᆅᏛ༠఍䛾 1898 ᖺ䛾⥲఍䛻䠈㛗ᒸ䛿 1900 ᖺ䛾⥲఍䛻䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜᪥ᮏ௦⾲䛸䛧䛶ฟᖍ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973f)]䠊

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4.4㻌 ≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ㡯┠䛾㑅ᢥືᶵ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᳨ウ㻌 ௨ୖ䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛿䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒᫂἞ᮇ䛾ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䛸䛧䛶ศ㢮䛥䜜䜛䝔䞊䝬䛷䛒䜛୍᪉䛷䠈ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䜒ὀ┠䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䝔䞊䝬䛷䜒䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊≉䛻ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ䜔ᆅ☢Ẽ䠈㔜ຊศᕸ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈19ୡ⣖ᚋ༙䛻ᆅ⌫䛾ෆ㒊ᵓ㐀䛾᥈✲䛾᭷⏝䛺ᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶╔┠䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䝔䞊䝬䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䠈ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫཬ䜃ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䛾Ṕྐ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᒣ⏣䞉ຍ⸨(2021a)䠈ᒣ⏣䞉ຍ⸨(2021b)]䠊➨ 10 㡯䛾
ほ ㄪᰝ䛜 ᆅᏛጤဨ఍䛻ᘬ䛝⥅䛜䜜䛯ᚋ䛾Ỉἑ⦋ᗘほ ᡤ䛷䛾ᮌᮧ䛻䜘䜛ほ 䛸䠈ᚋ䛾⦋ᗘィ⟬䛾᪉ἲ䛾ᨵⰋ䜈䛾㈉⊩䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᮌᮧ䛻༠ຊ䛧䛶䛔䛯⏣୰⯓䛸㛗ᒸ䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺➇த䜢ぢᤣ䛘䛯᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛸䛧䛶䛾⮬ಙ䛸䛺䜚䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛾◊✲άື䛾ཎືຊ䛻䛺䛳䛯஦౛䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛[ᯈ಴䞉௚(1973g)䠈
ᒸᮏ(2011)]䠊
䜎䛯䠈௨ୖ䛾ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛜䠈19 ୡ⣖ᮎ䜎䛷䛾᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ಶே◊✲䛾୺せ䛺䝔䞊䝬䛷䜒䛒䛳䛯⌮⏤䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䛣䛾᫬ᮇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾⛉Ꮫ䛜すḢ䛾⛉Ꮫ䜢ศᢸ䛧䛶⾜䛖䛂᳜Ẹᆅⓗ䛃䛺ẁ㝵䛷䛧䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖ྐⓗゎ㔘䛜䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[Home and Watanabe䠄1987䠅]䠊
䛣䛾ゎ㔘䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾䝔䞊䝬䛻ᑐ䛧䛶᪥ᮏே⛉Ꮫ⪅䛿ཷືⓗ䛷䛒䜛䜘䛖䛻ᛮ䛘䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᮏ⠇䛷♧䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛩䜛┠ᶆ䛾䛯䜑䛾ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖⫼ᬒ䛛䜙᳨ウ䛩䜛䛸䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾䝔䞊䝬䜢ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺⛉Ꮫ䛾ศᢸ䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䜒䜐䛧䜝䠈ึᮇ䛾ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫ䛸䛔䛘䜛ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䝖䝺䞁䝗䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䝔䞊䝬䜢䠈᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛾䝻䞊䜹䝹䛺ᆅ䛷䛾ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛧䠈⅏ᐖ䛾ண㜵䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻㏆䛵䛟᪉ἲ䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛶ᤊ䛘䠈⬟ືⓗ䛻㑅ᢥ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ゎ㔘䛷䛝䜛䠊
4.5 ᑠᣓ㻌 ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䠈䛄ᴫ␎䛅䛻♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾㡯┠䛾䛖䛱≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ཧຍ䛧䛯㡯┠䛷䛒䜛䠈ᆅ㟈Ἴ䛾ఏᦙ㏿ᗘ䛾 ᐃ䠈ᆅ☢Ẽ䛾ほ 䠈ᆅୗ ᗘ䛾ほ 䠈඲ᅜ䛾㔜ຊศᕸ䛾ほ ㄪᰝ䠈⦋ᗘ䛾ኚື䛾ほ 䛾 5㡯┠䛻╔┠䛧䛶䠈ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛸䛧䛶㑅䜀䜜䛯⫼ᬒ䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛜ᆅ⌫≀⌮Ꮫ䠈䜎䛯䛿ྠ᫬ᮇ䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺ึᮇ䛾ᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫ䛾ഴྥ䛻䜒஌䛳ྲྀ䜛◊✲ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ㄢ㢟䜢タᐃ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾㡯┠䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ಶே◊✲䛸䛾㛵㐃䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙䠈≉䛻㛗ᒸ䠈᪥ୗ㒊䠈ᮏከ䛿䠈➨ 2 ᮇ 1900

ᖺ௦䡚1910 ᖺ௦䛻䛛䛡䛶ಶே◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛾䝔䞊䝬䜢ᘬ䛝⥅䛞䠈ᒎ㛤䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䠊௨ୖ䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈ᙼ䜙䛾◊✲ୖ䛷䛿䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾䝔䞊䝬䛾ฟⓎⅬ䛜㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䜈䛾ཧຍ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊§5. 䛚䜟䜚䛻
ᮏ✏䛷䛿䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾ㄪᰝᶵ㛵䛷䛒䜛㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜ᥖ䛢䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾᥈✲䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ཧຍ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛻╔┠䛧䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾せㄳ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠈ཬ䜃≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛾ཧຍ䛧䛯஦ᴗ㡯┠䛛䜙㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᥖ䛢䛯䛭䛾᥈✲䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᛶ᱁䛾䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶෌᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛜䛭䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈ồ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛸䛿䠈ᆅẆ䛾㐠ື䛾䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䜢ἼືຊᏛཬ
䜃≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛻䜘䛳䛶ゎ᫂䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖᪉ἲ䛷䛒䜚䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜔≀⌮Ꮫ䛾⣲㣴䜢䜒䛴⛉Ꮫ⪅䛻䜘䜛ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜢≀⌮Ꮫ䛾୍ศ㔝䛸䛧䛶⌮ゎ䛧䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛Ⓨ᝿䜢⫼ᬒ䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯䛸ゎ㔘䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯ㄪᰝ㡯┠䛾䛺䛛䛷≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛜ᢸᙜ䛧䛯㡯┠䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿䠈᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛾䝻䞊䜹䝹䛺ᆅ䛷䛾ᆅ㟈䜢ண▱䛧䠈⅏ᐖ䛾ண㜵䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻㏆䛵䛟᪉ἲ䛾୍䛴䛸䛧䛶ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺⛉Ꮫ䛾䝖䝺䞁䝗䛾䝔䞊䝬䜢㑅ᢥ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛾◊✲䛻ཧຍ䛧䛯≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䜒䛭䛾䛣䛸䜢ㄆ㆑䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䠊
௨ୖ䛾ᮏ✏䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛿≀⌮Ꮫⓗ䛺ᡭἲ䛸ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䝖䝺䞁䝗䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䝔䞊䝬䜢ᆅ㟈◊✲䛻ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛾䝻䞊䜹䝹䛺ᆅ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ㟈ண▱䛾᪉ἲ䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢᥈✲䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖ㄢ㢟䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜒䛖䛸䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛖䛧䛯ㄢ㢟䜢⏣୰⯓䛸㛗ᒸ䜢➹㢌䛻䠈ᙜ᫬䛾≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䛯䛱䛜ᢸᙜ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾୺యⓗ䛺ཧຍ⪅䛸䛧䛶䠈䜂䛔䛶䛿᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛾ᢸ䛔ᡭ䛸䛧䛶䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ⪅䛸ྠᵝ䛻≀⌮Ꮫ⪅䜒✚ᴟⓗ䛻఩⨨䛵䛡䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ✏䛾⤖ㄽ䜢㋃䜎䛘
䛯䛸䛝䠈㏆௦᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈⅏ᐖ◊✲䛻䛴䛔䛶䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺᪂䛯䛺Ṕྐⓗഃ㠃䜢ᥥ䛝ᚓ䜛䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᳨ウ䛿䠈௒ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛯䛔䠊ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈:1891 ᖺ⃰ᑿᆅ㟈௨㝆䛾ᆅ㟈඲⯡

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ㅰ㎡ᮏ✏䛾ศᯒ䛚䜘䜃ᇳ➹䛻ᙜ䛯䛳䛶䠈᭷㈡ᬸ㏔Ặ
䠄୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ゝㄒ♫఍◊✲⛉䠅䠈▼ᒃேஓẶ䠄୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔♫఍Ꮫ◊✲⛉䠅䛻䛤ᣦᑟ䛸䛤ຓゝ䜢䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ྐᩱ䛾ㄪᰝ䛻ᙜ䛯䜚䠈ᐊ㇂ᬛᏊẶ䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲㒊䛾ⓙᵝ䛻ከ኱䛺䜛䛤ຓຊ䜢䛔䛯䛰䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊ⓙᵝ䛻䠈䛣䛾ሙ䜢೉䜚䛶ᚚ♩⏦䛧ୖ䛢䜎䛩䠊ᩥ⊩The Earthquake Investigation Committee, 1897-1930,
Publications of the Earthquake Investigation
Committee in foreign languages䠄㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ఍Ḣᩥሗ࿌䠅䠊
The Earthquake Prediction Research Group in Japan䠈
1962 䠈 Prediction of Earthquakes: Progress toDate and Plans for Further Development.,
Earthquake Research Institute, University ofTokyo, 1-32䠊
Clancey, Gregory K., 2006a, Earthquake Nation: The
Cultural 㻌 Politics of Japanese Seismicity 18681930, University of California Press, 331pp., 151.
Clancey, Gregory K., 2006b, Earthquake Nation: The
Cultural 㻌 Politics of Japanese Seismicity 18681930, University of California Press, 331pp.䠈151152䠊
ⴗཎᑛ⚰䠈1982a䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫⓒᖺ䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
258pp.
ⴗཎᑛ⚰䠈1982b䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫⓒᖺ䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
1982䠈258pp.䠈41-42䠊ⴗཎᑛ⚰䠈1982c䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫⓒᖺ䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
1982䠈258pp.䠈90䠊ึᒣ㧗ோ䠈2019䠈ᮏከගኴ㑻䛸ὠἼ䠈ᑦ⤍Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ
⣖せ䠈77䠈11-20䠊⳻ᮌ㢼ⰼ䠈2022䠈≀⌮Ꮫ⪅㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䛾 1900 ᖺ௦
䡚1920 ᖺ௦䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ㟈◊✲䛾⌮ㄽⓗᡭἲ䛾෌᳨ウ䠈ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋◊✲ሗ࿌ E 㢮䠄⌮ᕤᏛ䠅䠈45䠈1-11䠊
Home, R.W. and M. Watanabe, 1987 䠈 Physics inAustralia and Japan to 1914: A Comparison,
Annals of Science, 44䠈215-235, 233.
ᮏከගኴ㑻䠈1903䠈Daily periodic change of the levelin an artesian well.(⌮⛉኱Ꮵ䝜῝஭䝙᪊䜿䝹Ỉᖹ 䝜 㐌 ᮇ ⓗ ㆰ ໬ 䝙 ᑵ 䝔 ), Tǀkyǀ SǌgakuButsurigakkwai kiji-gaiyǀ, 2(6)䠈65-73.
ᮏ ከ ග ኴ 㑻 䞉 ྜྷ ⏣ ྜྷ 䞉 ᑎ ⏣ ᐥ ᙪ 䠈 1903 䠈 On theSecondary Undulations of Oceanic Tide.䠄㦩₻ჾ䝜 グ 㘓 䝙 ⾲ 䝝 䝹 ୷ ᑠ Ἴ ື 䝙 ᑵ 䝔 ) 䠈 Tǀkyǀ
Sǌgaku-Butsurigakkwai kiji-gaiyǀ,Tǀkyǀ
Sǌgaku-Butsurigakkwai kiji-gaiyǀ, 2(16), 222232.

⸨஭㝧୍㑻䠈1967䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛭䛾Ṕྐⓗᒎᮃ䛸ㄢ㢟䠈⣖ఀᅜᒇ᭩ᗑ䠈239pp.
ụୖⰋᖹ䠈1987䠈㟈※䜢ồ䜑䛶䇷䇷㏆௦ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䜈䛾Ṍ䜏䠈ᖹซ♫䠈258pp.䠈57-60䠊௒ᮧ᫂ᜏ䠈1929䠈᫂἞኱ṇᖺ㛫䛻᪊䛡䜛ᮏ㑥ᆅ㟈Ꮵ䛾ⓐ㐩䠈ᆅ㟈 ➨ 1 ㍴䠈䠍䠈90-121䠈106䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973a䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈150䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973b䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp. 䠈 63-100䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973c䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈230䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973d䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈360-361䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973e䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈217-218䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973f䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈218䠊ᯈ಴⪷ᐅ䞉ᮌᮧᮾస䞉ඵᮌỤ㔛䠈1973g䠈㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻ఏ䠈ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫䠈719pp.䠈221-223䠊㔠ซᛶ䠈2007a䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈63䠊㔠ซᛶ䠈2007b䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈61䠊
㔠ซᛶ䠈2007c䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠊㔠ซᛶ䠈2007d䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈49䠊㔠ซᛶ䠈2007e䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈63.
㔠ซᛶ䠈2007f䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈64䠊㔠ซᛶ䠈2007g䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇ䛾᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䞉䝃䜲䜶䞁䝇䛃䜢㉸䛘䛶䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
174pp.䠈114䠊
㔠ซᛶ䠈2021䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䠖䛂䝻䞊䜹䝹䛃䛸䛂䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛃䛾䛫䜑䛞ྜ䛔䠈⛉Ꮫྐ஦඾䠈᪥ᮏ⛉ᏛྐᏛ఍䠄⦅䠅䠈୸ၿฟ∧䠈758pp.䠈292-293䠊໭ཎ⣒Ꮚ䠈1998a䠈☬Დᒣᄇⅆ䠖⅏␗䛛䜙⅏ᐖ䛾⛉Ꮫ䜈䠄䝙䝳䞊䝠䝇䝖䝸䞊㏆௦᪥ᮏ䠗3䠅䠈ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋䠈284pp.䠈19-20䠊໭ཎ⣒Ꮚ䠈1998b䠈☬Დᒣᄇⅆ䠖⅏␗䛛䜙⅏ᐖ䛾⛉Ꮫ䜈䠄䝙䝳䞊䝠䝇䝖䝸䞊㏆௦᪥ᮏ䠗3䠅䠈ྜྷᕝᘯᩥ㤋䠈284pp.䠈9䠊- 107 -

໭ཎ⣒Ꮚ䠈2021䠈㟈⅏䛸Ṛ⪅ : ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䞉㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䞉⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䠈⟃ᦶ᭩ᡣ䠈311pp.䠈267-268䠊ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.7)䠊
ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.63)䠊
F.䜽䝷䜲䞁, 1995䠈䜽䝷䜲䞁䠖19 ୡ⣖䛾ᩘᏛ䠈ඹ❧ฟ∧ᰴᘧ఍♫䠈 416pp.䠈239-240䠊
H.Nagaoka, 1900, Elastic Constants of Rocks and the
Velocity of Seismic Waves., Publications of the
Earthquake Investigation Committee in foreign
languages., 4, 47-67.
㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䞉᪂ᇛ᪂⸝䞉኱㇂ுྜྷ䠈1901䠈ᮾி䝫䝒䝎䝮䝜䡃䝜ẚ㍑ ᐃ䠈ᮾிᩝᏛ≀⌮Ꮵ఍ሗ࿌䠈1䠈
6-8䠊
୰ᑿ㯞ఀ㤶䠈2017䠈ኳኚᆅ␗䜢䜑䛠䜛⛉Ꮫᛮ᝿䇷䇷㛵ᮾ኱㟈⅏䛸⛉Ꮫၨⵚ⪅䛯䛱䜢୰ᚰ䛻䠈㔠᳃ಟ⦅䠈᫂἞䞉኱ṇᮇ䛾⛉Ꮫᛮ᝿䠈ວⲡ᭩ᡣ䠈455pp.䠈331-368䠊᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍䠈1978a䠈᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫྐ䠄ୖ䠖Ṕྐ䞉ᅇ᝿⦅䠅䠈ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈658pp., 138-144䠊᪥ᮏ≀⌮Ꮫ఍䠈1978䠈᪥ᮏ䛾≀⌮Ꮫྐ䠄ୖ䠖Ṕྐ䞉ᅇ᝿⦅䠅䠈ᮾᾏ኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈658pp.䠈147-153䠊ᒸᮏᣅྖ䠈2011䠈ཎᏊ᰾䞉⣲⢏Ꮚ≀⌮Ꮫ䛸➇தⓗ⛉Ꮫほ䛾ᖐ㊅䠈㔠᳃ಟ⦅䠈᫛࿴๓ᮇ䛾⛉Ꮫᛮ᝿ྐ䠈ວⲡ᭩ᡣ䠈472pp.䠈106-181䠈122-123䠊㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠈1893a䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ
ᴫ␎䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ሗ࿌䠈䠍䠈10-20䠊㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠈1893b䠈ᮏ᭳䝜⤌⧊䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ሗ࿌䠈1䠈1䠈1䠊㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠈1893c䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ㄪᰝ஦ᴗ
ᴫ␎䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ሗ࿌䠈1䠈10-20䠈13䠊㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳䠈1900䠈ጤဨ఍䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ㄪᰝ᭳ሗ࿌䠈32䠈3䠈3䠊⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䞉㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䠈1892䠈⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䝙㝶క䝉䝹➼☢⥺அㆰື䠈ᮾὒᏥ⸤㞧ㄅ䠈130䠈360-366.
⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䞉୰ᮧ⢭⏨䞉㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䞉኱᳃ᡣྜྷ,1893a䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮵ◊✲䝙㛵䝇䝹ពぢ䠈ᮾὒᏥ⸤㞧ㄅ䠈139䠈206-213䠊⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䞉୰ᮧ⢭⏨䞉㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䞉኱᳃ᡣྜྷ,1893䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮵ◊✲䝙㛵䝇䝹ពぢ䠈ᮾὒᏥ⸤㞧ㄅ䠈139䠈206-213䠊⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䞉୰ᮧ⢭⏨䞉㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䞉኱᳃ᡣྜྷ,1893䠈ᆅ㟈Ꮵ◊✲䝙㛵䝇䝹ពぢ䠈ᮾὒᏥ⸤㞧ㄅ䠈139䠈206-213䠈207-208䠊⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䠈1903䠈ᆅୗ ᗘㄪᰝ➨୍ᅇሗ࿌䠈㟈⅏㇧㜵ሗ࿌䠈45䠈17-51䠊
A.Tanakadate, 1904a䠈 A Magnetic Survey of Japan
reduced to the Epoch 1895.0 and the Sea Level
carried out by order of the Earthquake
Investigation Committee, Journal of the Collegeof Science, Imperial University of Tǀkyǀ, Japan.䠈
14, i-vii䞉1-180䠈2-3.
A.Tanakadate䠈1904b䠈 A Magnetic Survey of Japan
reduced to the Epoch 1895.0 and the Sea Level
carried out by order of the Earthquake
Investigation Committee, Journal of the Collegeof Science, Imperial University of Tǀkyǀ, Japan.䠈
14, i-vii䞉1-180.
䝔䜱䝰䝅䜵䞁䝁䠈S.䠬.䠈2007䠈ᮦᩱຊᏛྐ䠈㮵ᓥฟ∧఍䠈415pp.䠈237-238䠊Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015a䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
671pp.䠈58-59䠊Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015b䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
671pp.
Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015c䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
671pp.䠈67-68䠊
Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015d䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
671pp.䠈65䠊Ἡḟ㑻䠈2015e䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᆅ㟈ண▱◊✲ 130 ᖺྐ䠖᫂἞ᮇ䛛䜙ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏䜎䛷䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍䠈
671pp.䠈75-76䠊ᒣ⏣ಇᘯ䞉ຍ⸨ⱱ⏕䠈2021a䠈ᆅ⌫䛾ෆ㒊ᵓ㐀䠖ᆅ㟈Ꮫ䛻䜘䜛⌫Ẇᵓ㐀䛾᥈✲䠈⛉Ꮫྐ஦඾䠈᪥ᮏ⛉ᏛྐᏛ఍䠄⦅䠅䠈୸ၿฟ∧䠈758pp.䠈250-251䠊ᒣ⏣ಇᘯ䞉ຍ⸨ⱱ⏕䠈2021b䠈᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛㔜ຊ䞉ᆅ☢Ẽ ᐃ䛾Ṕྐ䠖䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗䛸䝷䝪䝷䝖䝸䞊䛾䛒䛔䛰䛷䠈⛉Ꮫྐ஦඾䠈᪥ᮏ⛉ᏛྐᏛ఍䠄⦅䠅䠈୸ၿฟ∧䠈758pp.䠈290-291䠊
ྜྷ⏣ᬕ௦䠈1998a䠈⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䛾ᆅ☢Ẽ◊✲䛸㖄┤㟁ὶ䠈⛉Ꮫྐ◊✲䠈37(208)䠈193-205䠈193䠊ྜྷ⏣ᬕ௦䠈1998b䠈⏣୰⯓ឡᶲ䛾ᆅ☢Ẽ◊✲䛸㖄┤㟁ὶ䠈⛉Ꮫྐ◊✲䠈37(208)䠈193-205䠈197-199䠊

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ᅗ 1㻌 㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䛾ಶே㈨ᩱ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾㎡௧ᩥ᭩[ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.7)]
Figure 1. A Documental Material of the Earthquake Investigation Committee Contained in Hantaro Nagaoka
Papers[ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.7]- 109 -

ᅗ 2㻌 㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻䛾ಶே㈨ᩱ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛾㎡௧ᩥ᭩[ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.63)]
Figure 2. A Documental Material of the Earthquake Investigation Committee Contained in Hantaro Nagaoka
Papers[ᅜ❧⛉Ꮫ༤≀㤋ᡤⶶ䛂㛗ᒸ༙ኴ㑻㈨ᩱ䛃(Wo.63)]

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