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DRV8825SLVSA73F – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JULY 2014

DRV8825 Stepper Motor Controller IC
1 Features

3 Description•

The DRV8825 provides an integrated motor driver
solution for printers, scanners, and other automatedequipment applications. The device has two H-bridge
drivers and a microstepping indexer, and is intended
to drive a bipolar stepper motor. The output driver
block consists of N-channel power MOSFET’s
configured as full H-bridges to drive the motor
windings. The DRV8825 is capable of driving up to
2.5 A of current from each output (with proper heatsinking, at 24 V and 25°C).

1

•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

PWM Microstepping Stepper Motor Driver– Built-In Microstepping Indexer– Up to 1/32 Microstepping
Multiple Decay Modes– Mixed Decay– Slow Decay– Fast Decay
8.2-V to 45-V Operating Supply Voltage Range
2.5-A Maximum Drive Current at 24 V and
TA = 25°C
Simple STEP/DIR Interface
Low Current Sleep Mode
Built-In 3.3-V Reference Output
Small Package and Footprint
Protection Features– Overcurrent Protection (OCP)– Thermal Shutdown (TSD)– VM Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)– Fault Condition Indication Pin (nFAULT)

A simple STEP/DIR interface allows easy interfacing
to controller circuits. Mode pins allow for configurationof the motor in full-step up to 1/32-step modes. Decay
mode is configurable so that slow decay, fast decay,
or mixed decay can be used. A low-power sleep
mode is provided which shuts down internal circuitry
to achieve very low quiescent current draw. This
sleep mode can be set using a dedicated nSLEEP
pin.
Internal shutdown functions are provided forovercurrent, short circuit, under voltage lockout andover temperature. Fault conditions are indicated via
the nFAULT pin.
Device Information(1)2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

PART NUMBER

Automatic Teller Machines
Money Handling Machines
Video Security Cameras
Printers
Scanners
Office Automation Machines
Gaming Machines
Factory Automation
Robotics

DRV8825

PACKAGEHTSSOP (28)

BODY SIZE (NOM)
9.70 mm × 6.40 mm(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum atthe end of the data sheet.

4 Simplified Schematic
Microstepping Current Waveform

8.2 to 45 V

Decay Mode
Step Size

M

2.5 A

DIR

-

Controller

DRV8825+

STEP

Stepper
Motor DrivernFAULT+-

2.5 A
1/32 µstep

1

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

DRV8825
SLVSA73F – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JULY 2014

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Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Features .................................................................. 1
Applications ........................................................... 1
Description ............................................................. 1
Simplified Schematic............................................. 1
Revision History..................................................... 2
Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... 3
Specifications......................................................... 4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

8

Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4
Handling Ratings....................................................... 4
Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4
Thermal Information .................................................. 5
Electrical Characteristics........................................... 6
Timing Requirements ................................................ 7
Typical Characteristics .............................................. 8

Detailed Description .............................................. 9
8.1 Overview ................................................................... 9
8.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 10

8.3 Feature Description................................................. 11
8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 17

9

Application and Implementation ........................ 18
9.1 Application Information............................................ 18
9.2 Typical Application ................................................. 18

10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 21
10.1 Bulk Capacitance .................................................. 21
10.2 Power Supply and Logic Sequencing ................... 21

11 Layout................................................................... 2211.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 2211.2 Layout Example .................................................... 2211.3 Thermal Protection................................................ 22

12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 24
12.1 Trademarks ........................................................... 24
12.2 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ 24
12.3 Glossary ................................................................ 24

13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 24

5 Revision History
Changes from Revision E (August 2013) to Revision F

Page

•

Added new sections and reordered data sheet to fit new TI flow .......................................................................................... 1•

Updated pin descriptions ....................................................................................................................................................... 3•

Added power supply ramp rate and updated ISENSEx pin voltage in Absolute Maximum Ratings ..................................... 4•

Updated VIL voltage minimum and typical in Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................. 6•

Updated IIN and tDEG in Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 6

2

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SLVSA73F – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JULY 2014

6 Pin Configuration and Functions

Pin Functions
PIN
NAME

NO.

I/O (1)

EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
OR CONNECTIONSDESCRIPTION

POWER AND GROUND
CP1

1

I/O

Charge pump flying capacitor

CP2

2

I/O

Charge pump flying capacitor

GND

14, 28—Device ground

VCP

3

I/O

High-side gate drive voltage

VMA

4

—

Bridge A power supply

VMB

11

—

Bridge B power supply

V3P3OUT

15

O

3.3-V regulator output

AVREF

12

I

Bridge A current set reference input

BVREF

13

I

Bridge B current set reference input

DECAY

19

I

Decay mode

Low = slow decay, open = mixed decay,high = fast decay.
Internal pulldown and pullup.

DIR

20

I

Direction input

Level sets the direction of stepping. Internal pulldown.

MODE0

24

I

Microstep mode 0

MODE1

25

I

Microstep mode 1

MODE2

26

I

Microstep mode 2

NC

23

—

No connect

Leave this pin unconnected.

nENBL

21

I

Enable input

Logic high to disable device outputs and indexer operation, logic
low to enable. Internal pulldown.

nRESET

16

I

Reset input

Active-low reset input initializes the indexer logic and disables theH-bridge outputs. Internal pulldown.

nSLEEP

17

I

Sleep mode input

Logic high to enable device, logic low to enter low-power sleep
mode. Internal pulldown.

STEP

22

I

Step input

Rising edge causes the indexer to move one step. Internal
pulldown.

18

OD

Fault

Logic low when in fault condition (overtemp, overcurrent)

Connect a 0.01-μF 50-V capacitor between CP1 and CP2.

Connect a 0.1-μF 16-V ceramic capacitor and a 1-MΩ resistor to
VM.
Connect to motor supply (8.2 to 45 V). Both pins must beconnected to the same supply, bypassed with a 0.1-µF capacitor
to GND, and connected to appropriate bulk capacitance.
Bypass to GND with a 0.47-μF 6.3-V ceramic capacitor. Can beused to supply VREF.

CONTROL
Reference voltage for winding current set. Normally AVREF and
BVREF are connected to the same voltage. Can be connected to
V3P3OUT.

MODE0 through MODE2 set the step mode - full, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8/
1/16, or 1/32 step. Internal pulldown.

STATUSnFAULT(1)

Directions: I = input, O = output, OD = open-drain output, IO = input/output
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Pin Functions (continued)
PIN

I/O (1)

EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
OR CONNECTIONSDESCRIPTION

NAME

NO.

nHOME

27

OD

Home position

Logic low when at home state of step table

AOUT1

5

O

Bridge A output 1

AOUT2

7

O

Bridge A output 2

Connect to bipolar stepper motor winding A.
Positive current is AOUT1 → AOUT2

BOUT1

10

O

Bridge B output 1

BOUT2

8

O

Bridge B output 2

Connect to bipolar stepper motor winding B.
Positive current is BOUT1 → BOUT2

ISENA

6

I/O

Bridge A ground / Isense

Connect to current sense resistor for bridge A.

ISENB

9

I/O

Bridge B ground / Isense

Connect to current sense resistor for bridge B.

OUTPUT

7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2)Power supply voltage

V(VMx)

MIN

MAX

–0.3

47

V

1

V/µs

7

V

Power supply ramp rate

V(xVREF)

Digital pin voltage–0.5

Input voltage

–0.3

4

V

ISENSEx pin voltage (3)

–0.8

0.8

V

Internally limited

A

2.5

A

Peak motor drive output current, t < 1 μs
Continuous motor drive output current (4)0Continuous total power dissipation
TJ
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

UNIT

See Thermal Information

Operating junction temperature range

–40

150

°C

Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal.
Transients of ±1 V for less than 25 ns are acceptable
Power dissipation and thermal limits must be observed.

7.2 Handling Ratings
MIN
Tstg

Storage temperature range

V(ESD)(1)(2)

Electrostatic
discharge

MAX

UNIT
°C

–60

150

Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all pins (1)

–2000

2000

Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101, all pins (2)

–500

500

V

JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN

MAX

UNIT

8.2

45

V

VREF input voltage (2)

1

3.5

V

V3P3OUT load current

0

1

mA

V(VMx)

Motor power supply voltage range (1)V(VREF)
IV3P3
(1)
(2)

4

NOM

All VM pins must be connected to the same supply voltage.
Operational at VREF between 0 to 1 V, but accuracy is degraded.

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7.4 Thermal Information
DRV8825
THERMAL METRIC (1)

PWP

UNIT

28 PINS
RθJA

Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2)
(3)

31.6

RθJC(top)

Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistanceRθJB

Junction-to-board thermal resistance (4)

5.6

ψJT

Junction-to-top characterization parameter (5)

0.2

ψJB

Junction-to-board characterization parameter (6)5.5RθJC(bot)

Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance (7)

1.4

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

15.9
°C/W

For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as
specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a.
The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB
temperature, as described in JESD51-8.
The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific
JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
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7.5 Electrical Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range of –40°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONS

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNIT

POWER SUPPLIES
IVM

VM operating supply current

V(VMx) = 24 V

5

8

mA

IVMQ

VM sleep mode supply current

V(VMx) = 24 V

10

20

μA

3.3

3.4

V

0.7

V

5.25

V

V3P3OUT REGULATOR
V3P3

V3P3OUT voltage

IOUT = 0 to 1 mA

3.2

LOGIC-LEVEL INPUTS
VILInput low voltage

0

VIH

Input high voltage

2.2

VHYS

Input hysteresis

0.3

IIL

Input low current

VIN = 0

IIH

Input high current

VIN = 3.3 V

RPD

Internal pulldown resistance

0.45

–20

0.6

V

20

μA

100

μA

100

kΩ

nHOME, nFAULT OUTPUTS (OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUTS)
VOL

Output low voltage

IO = 5 mA

0.5

V

IOH

Output high leakage current

VO = 3.3 V

1

μA

0.8

V

40

µA

DECAY INPUT
VIL

Input low threshold voltage

For slow decay mode

VIH

Input high threshold voltage

For fast decay mode

IIN

Input current

RPU

Internal pullup resistance(to 3.3 V)

130

kΩ

RPD

Internal pulldown resistance

80

kΩ

2

V

–40

H-BRIDGE FETS
HS FET on resistanceRDS(ON)LS FET on resistance
IOFF

V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 25°C

0.2

V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C

0.25

V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 25°C

0.2

V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C

0.25

Off-state leakage current

–20

0.32

Ω

0.32
20

μA

MOTOR DRIVER
ƒPWMInternal current control PWM
frequencytBLANK

Current sense blanking timetR

Rise time

30

200

ns

tF

Fall time

30

200

ns

8.2

V

30

kHz
μs

4

PROTECTION CIRCUITS
VUVLO

VM undervoltage lockout voltage

IOCP

Overcurrent protection trip leveltDEG

Overcurrent deglitch time

tTSD

Thermal shutdown temperature

V(VMx) rising

7.8
3

A
3

Die temperature

150
–3

160

µs
180

°C

3

μA

685

mV

CURRENT CONTROL
IREF

xVREF input current

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V

VTRIP

xISENSE trip voltage

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 100% current setting

635

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 5% current setting

–25%

25%

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 10% to 34% current setting

–15%

15%

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 38% to 67% current setting

–10%

10%

V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 71% to 100% current setting–5%

ΔITRIP

Current trip accuracy(relative to programmed value)

AISENSE Current sense amplifier gain
6

Reference only

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660

5%
5

V/V

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7.6 Timing Requirements
MIN

MAX

UNIT

250

kHz

1

ƒSTEP

Step frequency

2tWH(STEP)

Pulse duration, STEP high

1.9

μs

3

tWL(STEP)

Pulse duration, STEP low

1.9

μs

4

tSU(STEP)

Setup time, command before STEP rising

650

ns

5

tH(STEP)

Hold time, command after STEP rising

650

ns

6

tENBL

Enable time, nENBL active to STEP

650

ns

7

tWAKE

Wakeup time, nSLEEP inactive high to STEP input accepted

1.7

ms

Figure 1. Timing Diagram

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7.7 Typical Characteristics
7

14

6.5
12
IVMQ (PA)IVM (mA)

6
5.5

10

5
8

-40qC
25qC
85qC
125qC

4.5
4
10

15

20

25
30
V(VMx) (V)

35

40

6
10

45

-40qC
25qC
85qC
125qC
15

Figure 2. IVMx vs V(VMx)

35

40

45
D002

750
-40qC
25qC

85qC
125qC

700
RDS(ON) HS + LS (m:)

700
RDS(ON) HS + LS (m:)

2530
V(VMx) (V)

Figure 3. IVMxQ vs V(VMx)

750

650
600
550
500
450

650
600
550
500
8V
24 V
45 V

450

400
8

13

18

23
28
V(VMx) (V)

33

38

400
-50

43
D003

Figure 4. RDS(ON) vs V(VMx)

8

20

D001

-25

0

25
50
TA (qC)

75

100

125
D004

Figure 5. RDS(ON) vs Temperature

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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The DRV8825 is an integrated motor driver solution for bipolar stepper motors. The device integrates two NMOS
H-bridges, current sense, regulation circuitry, and a microstepping indexer. The DRV8825 can be powered with asupply voltage between 8.2 and 45 V and is capable of providing an output current up to 2.5 A full-scale.
A simple STEP/DIR interface allows for easy interfacing to the controller circuit. The internal indexer is able toexecute high-accuracy microstepping without requiring the processor to control the current level.
The current regulation is highly configurable, with three decay modes of operation. Depending on the application
requirements, the user can select fast, slow, and mixed decay.
A low-power sleep mode is included which allows the system to save power when not driving the motor.

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8.2 Functional Block Diagram

VM
3.3 V

LS GateDrive

V3P3OUT

CP1InternalVCC

V3P3OUT

ChargePump

Low Side
Gate
Drive

CP2
HS Gate
Drive

VM
VCP

3.3 V
VM
AVREF
VM
BVREF

VMA
+

nENBL
AOUT1
+
STEP

Stepper
Motor

Motor Driver
A
AOUT2

DIR

±
+

±

DECAY
ISENA
MODE0

MODE1

Control
Logic/Indexer

VM
VMB

MODE2

nRESET
BOUT1

Motor DriverB

nSLEEP

BOUT2

nHOME

ThermalShut
Down

nFAULT

GND

10

PPAD

ISENB

GND

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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 PWM Motor Drivers
The DRV8825 contains two H-bridge motor drivers with current-control PWM circuitry. Figure 6 shows a block
diagram of the motor control circuitry.

Figure 6. Motor Control Circuitry
Note that there are multiple VM motor power supply pins. All VM pins must be connected together to the motor
supply voltage.

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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.2 Current Regulation
The current through the motor windings is regulated by a fixed-frequency PWM current regulation, or current
chopping. When an H-bridge is enabled, current rises through the winding at a rate dependent on the DC voltage
and inductance of the winding. Once the current hits the current chopping threshold, the bridge disables thecurrent until the beginning of the next PWM cycle.
In stepping motors, current regulation is used to vary the current in the two windings in a semi-sinusoidal fashion
to provide smooth motion.
The PWM chopping current is set by a comparator which compares the voltage across a current sense resistor
connected to the xISEN pins, multiplied by a factor of 5, with a reference voltage. The reference voltage is input
from the xVREF pins.
The full-scale (100%) chopping current is calculated in Equation 1.
V(xREF)
ICHOP
5 u RISENSE(1)Example:If a 0.25-Ω sense resistor is used and the VREFx pin is 2.5 V, the full-scale (100%) chopping current will be
2.5 V / (5 x 0.25 Ω) = 2 A.
The reference voltage is scaled by an internal DAC that allows fractional stepping of a bipolar stepper motor, as
described in the microstepping indexer section below.
8.3.3 Decay Mode
During PWM current chopping, the H-bridge is enabled to drive current through the motor winding until the PWM
current chopping threshold is reached. This is shown in Figure 7 as case 1. The current flow direction shown
indicates positive current flow.
Once the chopping current threshold is reached, the H-bridge can operate in two different states, fast decay orslow decay.
In fast decay mode, once the PWM chopping current level has been reached, the H-bridge reverses state toallow winding current to flow in a reverse direction. As the winding current approaches 0, the bridge is disabled toprevent any reverse current flow. Fast decay mode is shown in Figure 7 as case 2.
In slow decay mode, winding current is recirculated by enabling both of the low-side FETs in the bridge. This isshown in Figure 7 as case 3.

12

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Feature Description (continued)

Figure 7. Decay Mode
The DRV8825 supports fast decay, slow decay and a mixed decay mode. Slow, fast, or mixed decay mode isselected by the state of the DECAY pin; logic low selects slow decay, open selects mixed decay operation, andlogic high sets fast decay mode. The DECAY pin has both an internal pullup resistor of approximately 130 kΩ
and an internal pulldown resistor of approximately 80 kΩ. This sets the mixed decay mode if the pin is left open
or undriven.
Mixed decay mode begins as fast decay, but at a fixed period of time (75% of the PWM cycle) switches to slow
decay mode for the remainder of the fixed PWM period. This occurs only if the current through the winding isdecreasing (per the indexer step table); if the current is increasing, then slow decay is used.
8.3.4 Blanking Time
After the current is enabled in an H-bridge, the voltage on the xISEN pin is ignored for a fixed period of time
before enabling the current sense circuitry. This blanking time is fixed at 3.75 μs. Note that the blanking time also
sets the minimum on time of the PWM.
8.3.5 Microstepping Indexer
Built-in indexer logic in the DRV8825 allows a number of different stepping configurations. The MODE0 throughMODE2 pins are used to configure the stepping format as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Stepping Format
MODE2

MODE1

MODE0

0

0

0

Full step (2-phase excitation) with 71% current

STEP MODE

001

1/2 step (1-2 phase excitation)

0

1

0

1/4 step (W1-2 phase excitation)

0

1

1

8 microsteps/step

1

0

0

16 microsteps/step

1

0

1

32 microsteps/step

1

1

0

32 microsteps/step

1

1

1

32 microsteps/step

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Table 2 shows the relative current and step directions for different settings of MODEx. At each rising edge of the
STEP input, the indexer travels to the next state in the table. The direction is shown with the DIR pin high; if the
DIR pin is low the sequence is reversed. Positive current is defined as xOUT1 = positive with respect to xOUT2.
Note that if the step mode is changed while stepping, the indexer will advance to the next valid state for the new
MODEx setting at the rising edge of STEP.
The home state is 45°. This state is entered at power-up or application of nRESET. This is shown in Table 2 by
the shaded cells. The logic inputs DIR, STEP, nRESET, and MODEx have internal pulldown resistors of 100 kΩ.
Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions
1/32 STEP 1/16 STEP
1

1

1/8 STEP

1/4 STEP

1/2 STEP

1

1

1

FULL STEP
70%

2
3

2

4
5

3

2

6
7

4

8
9

5

3

2

10
11

6

12
13

7

4

14
15

8

16
17

9

5

3

2

1

18
19

10

20
21

11

6

22
23

12

24
25

13

7

4

26
27

14

28
29

15

8

30
31

16

32
33

17

9

5

3

34
35

18

36
37

19

10

38
39
14

20
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WINDING
CURRENT A

WINDING
CURRENT B

ELECTRICAL
ANGLE

100%

0%

0

100%

5%

3

100%

10%

6

99%

15%

8

98%

20%

11

97%

24%

14

96%

29%

17

94%

34%

20

92%

38%

23

90%

43%

25

88%

47%

28

86%

51%

31

83%

56%

34

80%

60%

37

77%

63%

39

74%

67%

42

71%

71%

45

67%

74%

48

63%

77%

51

60%

80%

53

56%

83%

56

51%

86%

59

47%

88%

62

43%

90%

65

38%

92%

68

34%

94%

70

29%

96%

73

24%

97%

76

20%

98%

79

15%

99%

82

10%

100%

84

5%

100%

87

0%

100%

90

–5%

100%

93

–10%

100%

96

–15%

99%

98

–20%

98%

101

–24%

97%

104

–29%

96%

107

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SLVSA73F – APRIL 2010 – REVISED JULY 2014

Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions (continued)
1/32 STEP 1/16 STEP

1/8 STEP

1/4 STEP

11

6

1/2 STEPFULL STEP
70%

40
41

21

42
43

22

44
45

23

12

46
47

24

48
49

25

13

7

4

2

50
51

26

52
53

27

14

54
55

28

56
57

29

15

8

58
59

30

60
61

31

16

62
63

32

64
65

33

17

9

5

66
67

34

68
69

35

18

70
71

36

72
73

37

19

10

74
75

38

76
77

39

20

78
79

40

80
81

41

21

11

6

3

82
83

42

84
85

43

22

86

WINDING
CURRENT A

WINDING
CURRENT B

ELECTRICAL
ANGLE

–34%

94%

110

–38%

92%

113

–43%

90%

115

–47%

88%

118

–51%

86%

121

–56%

83%

124

–60%

80%

127

–63%

77%

129

–67%

74%

132

–71%

71%

135

–74%

67%

138

–77%

63%

141

–80%

60%

143

–83%

56%

146

–86%

51%

149

–88%

47%

152

–90%

43%

155

–92%

38%

158

–94%

34%

160

–96%

29%

163

–97%

24%

166

–98%

20%

169

–99%

15%

172

–100%

10%

174

–100%

5%

177

–100%

0%

180

–100%

–5%

183

–100%

–10%

186

–99%

–15%

188

–98%

–20%

191

–97%

–24%

194

–96%

–29%

197

–94%

–34%

200

–92%

–38%

203

–90%

–43%

205

–88%

–47%

208

–86%

–51%

211

–83%

–56%

214

–80%

–60%

217

–77%

–63%

219

–74%

–67%

222

–71%

–71%

225

–67%

–74%

228

–63%

–77%

231

–60%

–80%

233

–56%

–83%

236

–51%

–86%

239

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Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions (continued)
1/32 STEP 1/16 STEP
87

1/8 STEP

1/4 STEP

1/2 STEPFULL STEP
70%

44

88
89

45

23

12

90
91

46

92
93

47

24

94
95

48

96
97

49

25

13

7

98
99

50

100
101

51

26

102
103

52

104
105

53

27

14

106
107

54

108
109

55

28

110
111

56

112
113

57

29

15

8

4

114
115

58

116
117

59

30

118
119

60

120
121

61

31

16

122
123

62

124
125

63

32

126
127

64

128

16

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WINDING
CURRENT A

WINDING
CURRENT B

ELECTRICAL
ANGLE

–47%

–88%

242

–43%

–90%

245

–38%

–92%

248

–34%

–94%

250

–29%

–96%

253

–24%

–97%

256

–20%

–98%

259

–15%

–99%

262

–10%

–100%

264

–5%

–100%

267

0%

–100%

270

5%

–100%

273

10%

–100%

276

15%

–99%

278

20%

–98%

281

24%

–97%

284

29%

–96%

287

34%

–94%

290

38%

–92%

293

43%

–90%

295

47%

–88%

298

51%

–86%

301

56%

–83%

304

60%

–80%

307

63%

–77%

309

67%

–74%

312

71%

–71%

315

74%

–67%

318

77%

–63%

321

80%

–60%

323

83%

–56%

326

86%

–51%

329

88%

–47%

332

90%

–43%

335

92%

–38%

338

94%

–34%

340

96%

–29%

343

97%

–24%

346

98%

–20%

349

99%

–15%

352

100%

–10%

354

100%

–5%

357

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8.3.6 nRESET, nENBL, and nSLEEP Operation
The nRESET pin, when driven active low, resets internal logic, and resets the step table to the home position. It
also disables the H-bridge drivers. The STEP input is ignored while nRESET is active.
The nENBL pin is used to control the output drivers and enable/disable operation of the indexer. When nENBL islow, the output H-bridges are enabled, and rising edges on the STEP pin are recognized. When nENBL is high,the H-bridges are disabled, the outputs are in a high-impedance state, and the STEP input is ignored.
Driving nSLEEP low will put the device into a low power sleep state. In this state, the H-bridges are disabled, thegate drive charge pump is stopped, the V3P3OUT regulator is disabled, and all internal clocks are stopped. In
this state all inputs are ignored until nSLEEP returns inactive high. When returning from sleep mode, some time
(approximately 1 ms) needs to pass before applying a STEP input, to allow the internal circuitry to stabilize. Notethat nRESET and nENABL have internal pulldown resistors of approximately 100 kΩ. The nSLEEP pin has aninternal pulldown resistor of 1 MΩ. nSLEEP and nRESET signals need to be driven to logic high for device
operation.
8.3.7 Protection Circuits
The DRV8825 is fully protected against undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature events.
8.3.7.1 Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
An analog current limit circuit on each FET limits the current through the FET by removing the gate drive. If thisanalog current limit persists for longer than the OCP time, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and thenFAULT pin will be driven low. The device remains disabled until either nRESET pin is applied, or VM isremoved and reapplied.
Overcurrent conditions on both high-side and low-side devices; that is, a short to ground, supply, or across the
motor winding all result in an overcurrent shutdown. Note that overcurrent protection does not use the current
sense circuitry used for PWM current control, and is independent of the ISENSE resistor value or xVREF voltage.
8.3.7.2 Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
If the die temperature exceeds safe limits, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and the nFAULT pin will be
driven low. After the die temperature has fallen to a safe level, operation automatically resumes.
8.3.7.3 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
If at any time the voltage on the VM pins falls below the UVLO threshold voltage, all circuitry in the device will bedisabled and internal logic will be reset. Operation will resume when V(VMx) rises above the UVLO threshold.

8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 STEP/DIR Interface
The STEP/DIR interface provides a simple method for advancing through the indexer table. For each rising edge
on the STEP pin, the indexer travels to the next state in the table. The direction it moves in the table isdetermined by the input to the DIR pin. The signals applied to the STEP and DIR pins should not violate thetiming diagram specified in Figure 1.
8.4.2 Microstepping
The microstepping indexer allows for a variety of stepping configurations. The state of the indexer is determinedby the configuration of the three MODE pins (refer to Table 1 for configuration options). The DRV8825 supports
full step up to 1/32 microstepping.

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9 Application and Implementation
9.1 Application Information
The DRV8825 is used in bipolar stepper control. The microstepping motor driver provides additional precision
and a smooth rotation from the stepper motor. The following design is a common application of the DRV8825.

9.2 Typical Application
DRV8825

V3P3OUT

CP1

GND

CP2

nHOME

VCP

MODE2

VMA

MODE1

AOUT1

MODE0

ISENA

NC

AOUT2

STEP

BOUT2

nENBL

ISENB

DIR

BOUT1

DECAY

VMB

nFAULT

AVREF

nSLEEP

BVREF

nRESET10 k

0.01 µF

1 M

0.1 µF+0.1 µF

200 mStepper
Motor
±

VM

100 µF++±
200 m
V3P3OUT
10 k

0.1 µF

V3P3OUT

30 k
GND

PPAD

50 k
V3P3OUTV3P3OUT
0.47 µF

9.2.1 Design Requirements
Design Parameter

Reference

Example Value

Supply Voltage

VM

24 V

Motor Winding Resistance

RL

3.9 Ω

Motor Winding InductanceIL

2.9 mH

Motor Full Step Angle

θstep

1.8°/step

Target Microstepping Levelnm

8 µsteps per step

Target Motor Speedv

120 rpm

Target Full-Scale Current

IFS

1.25 A

9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.2.1 Stepper Motor Speed
The first step in configuring the DRV8825 requires the desired motor speed and microstepping level. If the target
application requires a constant speed, then a square wave with frequency ƒstep must be applied to the STEP pin.

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If the target motor startup speed is too high, the motor will not spin. Make sure that the motor can support thetarget speed or implement an acceleration profile to bring the motor up to speed.
For a desired motor speed (v), microstepping level (nm), and motor full step angle (θstep),
SPACE¦step VWHSV  VHF RQG§ µsteps ·q§ rotations ·§·u 360 ¨u nm ¨v¨¸¸¸© minute ¹© rotation ¹© step ¹§ q ·§ sec onds ·60 ¨¸ u Tstep ¨ step ¸© minute ¹
©
¹

(2)

§ µsteps ·q§ rotations ·
§
·
120 ¨
¸ u 360 ¨ rotation ¸ u 8 ¨ step ¸© minute ¹
©
¹
©
¹
§ q ·
§ sec onds ·60 ¨¸ u 1.8 ¨ step ¸© minute ¹
©
¹

(3)

SPACE

¦step VWHSV  VHF RQG

θstep can be found in the stepper motor data sheet or written on the motor itself.
For the DRV8825, the microstepping level is set by the MODE pins and can be any of the settings in Table 1.
Higher microstepping will mean a smoother motor motion and less audible noise, but will increase switchinglosses and require a higher ƒstep to achieve the same motor speed.
9.2.2.2 Current Regulation
In a stepper motor, the set full-scale current (IFS) is the maximum current driven through either winding. Thisquantity depends on the xVREF analog voltage and the sense resistor value (RSENSE). During stepping, IFS
defines the current chopping threshold (ITRIP) for the maximum current step. The gain of DRV8825 is set for 5
V/V.
xVREF(V)xVREF(V)IFS (A)A v u RSENSE (:) 5 u RSENSE (:)(4)
To achieve IFS = 1.25 A with RSENSE of 0.2 Ω, xVREF should be 1.25 V.
9.2.2.3 Decay Modes
The DRV8825 supports three different decay modes: slow decay, fast decay, and mixed decay. The current
through the motor windings is regulated using a fixed-frequency PWM scheme. This means that after any drivephase, when a motor winding current has hit the current chopping threshold (ITRIP), the DRV8825 will place thewinding in one of the three decay modes until the PWM cycle has expired. Afterward, a new drive phase starts.
The blanking time, tBLANK, defines the minimum drive time for the current chopping. ITRIP is ignored during tBLANK,
so the winding current may overshoot the trip level.

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9.2.3 Application Curves

Figure 8. Microstepping Current (Phase A) vs STEP Input,
Mixed Decay

Figure 9. Microstepping Current (Phase A) vs STEP Input,
Slow Decay on Increasing Steps

Figure 10. Microstepping Current (Phase A) vs STEP Input, Mixed Decay on Decreasing Steps

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10 Power Supply Recommendations
The DRV8825 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply (VMx) range between 8.2 and 45 V. Two
0.1-µF ceramic capacitors rated for VMx must be placed as close as possible to the VMA and VMB pins
respectively (one on each pin). In addition to the local decoupling caps, additional bulk capacitance is required
and must be sized accordingly to the application requirements.

10.1 Bulk Capacitance
Bulk capacitance sizing is an important factor in motor drive system design. It is dependent on a variety of factors
including:• Type of power supply• Acceptable supply voltage ripple• Parasitic inductance in the power supply wiring• Type of motor (brushed DC, brushless DC, stepper)• Motor startup current• Motor braking method
The inductance between the power supply and motor drive system will limit the rate current can change from thepower supply. If the local bulk capacitance is too small, the system will respond to excessive current demands ordumps from the motor with a change in voltage. You should size the bulk capacitance to meet acceptable
voltage ripple levels.
The data sheet generally provides a recommended value but system level testing is required to determine theappropriate sized bulk capacitor.

Power Supply

Parasitic Wire
InductanceMotor Drive System
VM

+
±

+

Motor
Driver
GND

Local
Bulk Capacitor

IC Bypass
Capacitor

Figure 11. Setup of Motor Drive System With External Power Supply

10.2 Power Supply and Logic Sequencing
There is no specific sequence for powering-up the DRV8825. It is okay for digital input signals to be present
before VMx is applied. After VMx is applied to the DRV8825, it begins operation based on the status of thecontrol pins.

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11 Layout11.1 Layout Guidelines
The VMA and VMB pins should be bypassed to GND using low-ESR ceramic bypass capacitors with arecommended value of 0.1-μF rated for VMx. This capacitor should be placed as close to the VMA and VMB pins
as possible with a thick trace or ground plane connection to the device GND pin.
The VMA and VMB pins must be bypassed to ground using an appropriate bulk capacitor. This component may
be an electrolytic and should be located close to the DRV8825.
A low-ESR ceramic capacitor must be placed in between the CPL and CPH pins. TI recommends a value of
0.01-μF rated for VMx. Place this component as close to the pins as possible.
A low-ESR ceramic capacitor must be placed in between the VMA and VCP pins. TI recommends a value of 0.1μF rated for 16 V. Place this component as close to the pins as possible. Also, place a 1-MΩ resistor between
VCP and VMA.
Bypass V3P3 to ground with a ceramic capacitor rated 6.3 V. Place this bypass capacitor as close to the pin as
possible

11.2 Layout Example

0.1 µF

1 M

CP1

GND

CP2

nHOME

0.01 µF

VCP

MODE2

VMA

MODE1

AOUT1

MODE0

0.1 µFRISENARISENB

ISENA

NC

AOUT2

STEP

BOUT2

nENBL

ISENB

DIR

BOUT1

DECAY

VMB

nFAULT

AVREF

nSLEEP+

0.1 µF

BVREF

nRESET

GND

V3P3OUT

0.47 µF

11.3 Thermal Protection
The DRV8825 has thermal shutdown (TSD) as described above. If the die temperature exceeds approximately
150°C, the device will be disabled until the temperature drops to a safe level.
Any tendency of the device to enter TSD is an indication of either excessive power dissipation, insufficientheatsinking, or too high an ambient temperature.
11.3.1 Power Dissipation
Power dissipation in the DRV8825 is dominated by the power dissipated in the output FET resistance, or RDS(ON).
Average power dissipation when running a stepper motor can be roughly estimated by Equation 5.
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Thermal Protection (continued)
PTOT

4 u RDS(ON) u IOUT(RMS)

2(5)

where PTOT is the total power dissipation, RDS(ON) is the resistance of each FET, and IOUT(RMS) is the RMS output
current being applied to each winding. IOUT(RMS) is equal to the approximately 0.7x the full-scale output current
setting. The factor of 4 comes from the fact that there are two motor windings, and at any instant two FETs are
conducting winding current for each winding (one high-side and one low-side).
The maximum amount of power that can be dissipated in the device is dependent on ambient temperature andheatsinking.
Note that RDS(ON) increases with temperature, so as the device heats, the power dissipation increases. This must
be taken into consideration when sizing the heatsink.
11.3.2 Heatsinking
The PowerPAD™ package uses an exposed pad to remove heat from the device. For proper operation, this pad
must be thermally connected to copper on the PCB to dissipate heat. On a multi-layer PCB with a ground plane,
this can be accomplished by adding a number of vias to connect the thermal pad to the ground plane. On PCBs
without internal planes, copper area can be added on either side of the PCB to dissipate heat. If the copper area
is on the opposite side of the PCB from the device, thermal vias are used to transfer the heat between top andbottom layers.
For details about how to design the PCB, refer to TI application report SLMA002, "PowerPAD™ Thermally
Enhanced Package" and TI application brief SLMA004, PowerPAD™ Made Easy, available at www.ti.com.
In general, the more copper area that can be provided, the more power can be dissipated. It can be seen that theheatsink effectiveness increases rapidly to about 20 cm2, then levels off somewhat for larger areas.

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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Trademarks
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.

12.2 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

12.3 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.

13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the mostcurrent data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision ofthis document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.

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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

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12-Jun-2014

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device

Status(1)

Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty

Eco Plan

Lead/Ball Finish

MSL Peak Temp

(2)

(6)

(3)

Op Temp (°C)

Device Marking(4/5)

DRV8825PWP

ACTIVEHTSSOP

PWP

28

50

Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)

CU NIPDAU

Level-3-260C-168 HR-40 to 85

DRV8825

DRV8825PWPR

ACTIVEHTSSOP

PWP

28

2000

Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)

CU NIPDAU

Level-3-260C-168 HR-40 to 85

DRV8825(1)

The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement thatlead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weightin homogeneous material)(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)

There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

(5)

Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuationof the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)

Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken andcontinues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

Addendum-Page 1

SamplesPACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

12-Jun-2014

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com

12-Jun-2014

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION*All dimensions are nominal

Device

DRV8825PWPR

Package Package Pins
Type Drawing

SPQ

HTSSOP

2000

PWP

28

Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)(mm) W1 (mm)
330.0

16.4

Pack Materials-Page 1

6.9

B0
(mm)

K0
(mm)

P1
(mm)

W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant

10.2

1.8

12.0

16.0

Q1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com

12-Jun-2014*All dimensions are nominal

DevicePackage Type

Package Drawing

Pins

SPQ

Length (mm)Width (mm)Height (mm)DRV8825PWPRHTSSOP

PWP

28

2000

367.0

367.0

38.0

Pack Materials-Page 2

IMPORTANT NOTICE
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