Abbreviations

TECHNICAL REFERENCE

A

ADP
Ad-2
AKAP
a.m.u.
AMC
amol
AMP
AMVAP
AP1, 2
APC film
AREATP

alphaantibody
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin(fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3/7)
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-1-aldehyde(reversible aldehyde inhibitor of caspase-3/7)
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-pNA (colorimetric substrate for caspase-3/7)
acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-amino methyl coumarin(fluorogenic substrate for caspase-1)
acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-1-aldehyde(reversible aldehyde inhibitor of caspase-1)
adenosine diphosphateadenovirus-2A-kinase anchoring protein
atomic mass unit
7-amino-4-methyl coumarin
attomole (10–18 mole)adenosine monophosphateavian myeloblastosis virus
alkaline phosphataseactivator protein 1, 2
automatic processor-compatible film
AU-rich element
adenosine triphosphate

βBCIP
BDNF
BMV
bp
BRET
BSA
BYDV

beta
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphatebrain-derived neurotrophic factor
brome mosaic virus
base pairs
bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
bovine serum albuminbarley yellow dwarf virus

CaM KIIcAMPCATCBZCCD
CCLR
cdc2
cDNA
cfu
cGMP
Ci
CIAP
CKI, CK-1
CKII, CK-2
cm
CMM
CMVCN
CNBr
CNS
CNTF
CODIS
cpm
CPP32
CREB
Ct
CTP
CXR

calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
benzyloxycarbonyl
charge-coupled device (camera)
Cell Culture Lysis Reagent
cell division cycle 2 protein
complementary DNA
colony forming unit
guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
Curie
calf intestinal alkaline phosphatasecasein kinase I
casein kinase IIcentimeter
canine pancreatic microsomal membranes
cytomegalovirus
4-chloro-1-naphthol (a horseradish peroxidase substrate)
cyanogen bromide
central nervous system
ciliary neurotrophic factor
COmbined DNA Index Systemcounts per minutecaspase-3 (DEVDase)cAMP response element binding protein
cycle threshold
cytidine triphosphatecarboxy-X-tetramethylrhodamine

DaDAB
DAG
DAPI
DEPC
DEVDaseddRNAidiAcFAM
DLR
DMSO
DNA
DNA-PK
DNase
dNTP
DOGS
DOPE
DPPIV
dsDNA
dsRNA
DTT

daltons
diaminobenzidine
diacylglycerol
4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
diethyl pyrocarbonate
caspase protease activity on the DEVD peptide
DNA-directed RNA interference
diacetyl carboxyfluorescein
Dual-Luciferase® Reporter
dimethyl sulfoxide
deoxyribonucleic acidDNA-dependent protein kinase
deoxyribonucleasedeoxynucleotide triphosphate
dioctadecylamidoglycyl spermine
L-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
dipeptidyl peptidase IV
double-stranded DNA
double-stranded RNA
dithiothreitolαAb
Ac-DEVD-AMC
Ac-DEVD-CHO
Ac-DEVD-pNA
Ac-YVAD-AMC
Ac-YVAD-CHO

B

C

D

E
ED50
EDTA
EGF
EGFR
EGTA
ELISAem
ERK1, 2EtBr
EtOH
exeffective dose (for 50% of effect)
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidepidermal growth factor
epidermal growth factor receptor
ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acidenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
emissionextracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1, 2
ethidium bromide
ethanol
excitation

FAB/MS
FACS
FGF
FITC
FITC-VAD-FMKFL
fmol

fast atomic bombardment mass spectrometry
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
fibroblast growth factor
fluorescein isothiocyanate
FITC-carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]fluoromethylketone (fluorescent marker for caspase activity)
fluorescein
femtomole (10–15 mole)

γg
GAPDH
GDNF
GFAP
GFP
GLB
GMO
GMP
GPDH
GQ
GST
GTP

gamma
gram
glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
glial fibrillary acidic protein
green fluorescent protein
Glo Lysis Buffer
genetically modified organism
guanosine monophosphate
glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
genome qualified
glutathione-S-transferase
guanosine triphosphate

3H
hHC
hCL1
HCV
HDPE
HIV
hluc+
hlucCP+
hlucP+
hPEST
HPLC
hRluc
hRlucCP
hRlucPHRP
HSVHTPHTS

tritiumhumanhigh concentration
synthetic CL1, a protein degradation signal
hepatitis C virus
high-density polyethylene
human immunodeficiency virus
codon-optimized firefly luciferase gene
hluc+ with 3′ hCL1 and hPEST sequences
hluc+ with 3′ hPEST sequence
synthetic PEST, a protein degradation signal
high-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatographysynthetic Renilla luciferase gene
hRluc with 3′ hCL1 and hPEST sequences
hRluc with 3′ hPEST sequencehorseradish peroxidase
herpes simplex virus
high throughput
high-throughput screening

IC50ICCICE
IGFIgG
IgY
IHC
IL-4IPTG
iso-dC
iso-dGIVEC
IVT

inhibitory concentration (50% inhibition)
immunocytochemistryinterleukin-1β-converting enzyme (caspase-1)
insulin-like growth factor
immunoglobulin G
immunoglobulin Y (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin)
immunohistochemistryinterleukin-4
isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside
isodeoxycytosine
isodeoxyguanosine
in vitro expression cloningin vitro transcription

JNK
JOE

c-Jun N-terminal kinase
6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxy-fluorescein

kbkDaKmkilobase; kilobase pairs
kilodalton
Michaelis-Menten constant

FGHIJK

Abbreviations

TECHNICAL REFERENCE

LλL
LAR
LDH
LDPE
LNGFR
LSC
lucluc+
LY 294002

lambdaliter
Luciferase Assay Reagent
lactate dehydrogenase
low-density polyethylene
low-affinity NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor)
liquid scintillation counting
native firefly luciferase genesynthetic firefly luciferase gene
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4 H-1-benzopyran-4-one(PI-3 kinase inhibitor)mM
mAb
MALDI-TOF

MTTMWmurine; millimolarmonoclonal antibody
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass
spectrometry
monoamine oxidase
mitogen-activated protein kinase
multiple cloning site
MAPK kinase
milligram (10–3g)
Monster Green® Fluorescent Protein
microgram (10–6g)
minutemicroliter (10–6L)
micromolar (10–6M)
micro RNAmilliliter (10–3L)
kinase 338, myosin light chain kinase
Moloney murine leukemia virus
millimeter (10–3m)
millimolar (10–3M)
messenger RNA
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
molecular weightNNaOAc
NBT
NED
NF
NF-κBNGF
nmol
NMR
ntNT-3, NT-4NTP

Normalsodium acetate
nitro blue tetrazolium
N-1-napthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride
N-terminal fusion
nuclear factor kappa B
nerve growth factor
nanomole (10–9 mole)
nuclear magnetic resonancenucleotide
neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4nucleotide triphosphate (same as rNTP)

OCT1
ONPG

octamer-binding transcription factor 1o-nitrophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside

P450pAbPAGE
PARPPCRPD 98059
PES
PEG
pg
PgpPi
PKA
PKC
PKG
PI 3-K
PLB
PMApmol
PMP
PMS
PMSF
pNA
PNGase F
PNPP
Poly(A)

cytochrome P450
polyclonal antibody
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
polymerase chain reaction
2′-amino-3′-methoxyflavone, MEK1 inhibitor
phenazine ethosulfate
polyethylene glycol
picogram (10–12g)
P-glycoprotein
inorganic phosphatecAMP-dependent protein kinase
protein kinase C
cGMP-dependent protein kinase
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Passive Lysis Buffer
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), PKC activatorpicomole (10–12 mole)paramagnetic particle
phenazine methosulfate
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
p-nitroaniline
peptide N-glycosidase F
p-nitrophenyl phosphatepolyadenylation sequence

MMAO
MAPK
MCS
MEK
mg
MGFP
µg
min
µl
µM
miRNA
ml
MLCK
M-MLV
mm
mM
mRNA
MTS

NO

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PROMEGA CORPORATIONPPPasePTPasePTKPTT
PVDF
PVP

protein phosphatase
protein tyrosine phosphatase
protein tyrosine kinase
protein truncation test
polyvinylidene fluoride
polyvinylpyrrolidone

qPCR
qRT-PCR

quantitative PCR
quantitative reverse transcriptase PCRr
RAPD
RF DNA
RISC
RLB
RLU
Rluc
RNARNAiRNase
rNTP
ROS
rRNA
RT
RT-PCR

recombinantrandom amplified polymorphic DNA
replicative form DNA
RNA-induced silencing complex
Reporter Lysis Buffer
relative light units
native Renilla luciferase generibonucleic acid
RNA interference
ribonucleaseribosylnucleotide triphosphate, (same as NTP)
reactive oxygen species
ribosomal RNA
reverse transcriptase
reverse transcription PCRSAM
SAM
SAPSB 203580SDSshRNAsiRNA
SNP
SP1SSB
ssDNA
St
STR
SV40

S-adenosylmethionine
streptavidin matrix
shrimp alkaline phosphatase(4-[4′-fluorophenyl]-2-[4′-methylsulfinylphenyl]-5-[4′-pyridyl]
imidazole), a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor
sodium dodecyl sulfate
short hairpin RNA
short interfering RNA
single nucleotide polymorphism
specificity protein 1
single-stranded DNA binding protein
single-stranded DNA
stearatedshort tandem repeat
simian virus 40TAE
TAP
TBE
TCA
TdT
TE
TEMED
TFIIB
TGFβ1,2TK
TLC
Tm
TMB
TMR
TNFαTPATPCK
TrktRNATTPTUNEL

tris acetate EDTA
tobacco acid pyrophosphatasetris borate EDTA
trichloroacetic acidterminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Tris-EDTA buffer
N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediaminetranscription factor IIB
transforming growth factor β1, 2
thymidine kinasethin-layer chromatography
melting temperature
3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine
tumor necrosis factor-α12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone
tyrosine kinase neurotrophin receptor familytransfer RNA
thymidine triphosphate
TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelinguUTP

unit
uracil triphosphate

(v/v)
VAChT
Vmax

volume:volume ratio
vesicular acetylcholine transporter
maximum velocity (enzyme kinetics)(w/v)

weight:volume ratio

X-Gal

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside

Z-DEVD-R110bis-(N-CBZ-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-valyl-aspartic acid amide)
rhodamine 110 (fluorogenic substrate for caspase 3/7)
carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone  (pan caspase inhibitor)
zeptomole (10–21 mole)

QRSTUVWXZZ-VAD-FMK
zmol