歴史地震
第38号 (2023) 29‐36頁
受付日 2022/11/30, 受理日 2023/2/27

䠷㈨ᩱ䠹 ᐉᩍᖌ Henry B. Schwartz 䛾 1896 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈ぢ⪺グ⛅⏣኱Ꮫᆅᇦ㜵⅏ῶ⅏⥲ྜ◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊*㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 Ỉ⏣㻌 ᩄᙪ㙾࿡㻌 ὒྐ†

Missionary Henry B. Schwartz’s Memoirs of the 1896 Rikuu Earthquake
Toshihiko MIZUTA
Research Center for Regional Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Akita University,Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita, 010-8502 Japan
Hiroshi KAGAMI
Ishikari, 061-3214 JapanThe 1896 Rikuu earthquake, an inland earthquake that caused damage to the Iwate and Akita prefectures, was one of thebiggest events after the 1891 Nobi earthquake and many field surveys were performed and reported. The authors conducted
literature surveys on this earthquake through these reports, administrative documents, newspaper articles, local historicalmaterials and personal documents such as travelogues. This paper focuses on the earthquake observations left by H.B.
Schwartz, a foreign missionary, which was listed in the 䇾Newly Acquired Japanese Earthquake Historical Materials” editedby the Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. H.B. Schwartz䇻s㻌 memoirs of the 1896 Rikuu Earthquake
was found in a book titled “In Togo’s Country” published in 1908 and the Japanese translation of the book was published in1984. In this paper, the authors investigated these memoirs of travelling to the affected area, based on the both editions oforiginal and Japanese. He had been appointed in 1894 as head of the Hirosaki Church and two years later he had a chance
to visit disaster area of this earthquake. He started to the affected area just 10 days later and it took 3 days to Akita city witha rickshaw. During the way from Akita city to the affected area, he watched the scenery, comparing it to his native America.
In the affected area he visited several villages and his report is meticulous and accurately characterizes the disaster. With hisdescription, we can trace and learn the feature of disasters through foreigner’s eye. The authors are going to look for such
unknown documents written by foreigner expanding to other earthquakes.
Keywords: 1896 Rikuu Earthquake, Reconnaissance reports, Literature survey, Foreigner’s memories㼲䠍㻚㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛿㝣୰䠄ᒾᡭ䠅⩚ᚋ䠄⛅⏣䠅䛻⿕ᐖ䜢䜒䛯䜙䛧䛯ෆ㝣ᆅ㟈䛷䠈㻝㻤㻥㻝 ᖺ⃰ᑿᆅ㟈䜢ዎᶵ䛻Ⓨ㊊䛧䛯㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍䛻䜘䛳䛶⤌⧊ⓗ䛺⿕ᐖㄪᰝ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊➹⪅䜙䛿䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾ሗ࿌䜢ጞ䜑ᙜ᫬䛾⾜ᨻᩥ᭩䠈᪂⪺グ஦䠈ᆅᇦྐᩱ䛺䛹䛾཰㞟䠈ゎㄞ䛻ດ䜑䠈ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ䜢㐍䜑䠷Ỉ⏣䞉㙾࿡䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅䠹䛺䛹䛻ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ᑐ㇟䜢ಶே䛾᪥ㄅ䛺䛹䛻ᗈ䛢䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈◊✲఍䛷䛿䛄⏿ᒇᮧ᝺≧グ䛅䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛧䛶䛔䜛䠷㙾࿡䞉Ỉ⏣䠄㻞㻜㻝㻣䠅䠹䠊ᮏㄽ䛷䛿䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ⦅㞟䛾䛄᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ⥆⿵㑇䛅㼇ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻔㻝㻥㻥㻟㻕㼉䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠈እᅜேᐉᩍᖌ䛾 㻴㻚㻮㻚㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦 䛾ṧ䛧䛯ᆅ㟈ぢ⪺グ䛻╔┠䛧䠈⣣ゎ䛔䛶䜏䜛䠊㻌㻌㼲䠎㻚㻌 ᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ⦅㞟䛾䛄᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ䛅㻌䛿䠈ᮏ⦅ 㻡 ᕳ䠈⿵㑇䠈⥆⿵㑇䛸䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾ูᕳ䜢ྵ*

䛈010-8502 ⛅⏣ᕷᡭᙧᏛᅬ⏫ 1-1㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: tmizu gipc.akita-u.ac.jp†
䛈061-3214 ໭ᾏ㐨▼⊁ᕷᅾఫ㻌 㟁Ꮚ䝯䞊䝹: ve3iv6 bma.biglobe.ne.jp- 29 -䜑඲ 㻞㻝 ෉䜘䜚䛺䜚䠈㻝㻥㻤㻞䡚㻝㻥㻥㻠 ᖺ䛻ห⾜䛥䜜䛯䠊䛄⥆⿵㑇䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䛅䛿 㻣㻟㻠䡚㻝㻥㻞㻢 ᖺ䛾ᆅ㟈䜢཰㘓䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䛄⸃ᦶᅜ⁫ᅾグ䠉ᐉᩍᖌ䛾ぢ䛯᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ䛅䛜 㻝 ⦅䛾䜏ᘬ⏝ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ฟ඾䛿䛂㻴㻚㻮㻚䝅䝳䝽䝹䝒ⴭ䠈ᓥὠஂ኱䞉㛗ᒸ⚈୕ヂ䠈᫛࿴ 㻡㻥䠄㻝㻥㻤㻠䠅ᖺ 㻝㻝 ᭶ 㻞㻜 ᪥䠈᪂ே≀ ᮶♫䛃䛸䛒䜚䠈䛂ᆅ㟈䛾⌧ሙ䜢ゼ䛽䜛䛃䛜඲ᩥᘬ⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌㼲㻟㻚㻌 ⴭ᭩䛚䜘䜃ⴭ⪅䛾ᴫせ㻌㻌㻟㻚㻝㻌 ヂᮏ䛚䜘䜃ཎᮏ㻌䛄⸃ᦶᅜ⁫ᅾグ㻌 ᐉᩍᖌ䛾ぢ䛯᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ䛅䛿᪂ே≀ ᮶♫ 㻝㻥㻤㻠 ᖺⓎ⾜䛷䠈㻝㻤㻜 㡫䜘䜚䛺䜛䠊䛣䛾ᮏ䛾ཎᮏ䛾䇾㻵㻺㻌㼀㻻㻳㻻䇻㻿㻌㻯㻻㼁㻺㼀㻾㼅䇿䛿ி㒔኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋䛻ᡤⶶ䛾䜒䛾䜢ぢ䛴䛡೉⏝฼⏝䛧䛯䠊๪㢟䛻䇾㻿㼛㼙㼑㻌 㻿㼠㼡㼐㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻿㼍㼠㼟㼡㼙㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻻㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌 㻸㼕㼠㼠㼘㼑㻌 㻷㼚㼛㼣㼚㻌㻼㼍㼞㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚䇿䛸䛒䜛䠊ⴭ⪅䛿 㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥㻌 㻮㻚㻌 㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦㻚㻌㻹㻚㻭㻚 䠄 㻹㻚㻭㻚 䠖 ᩥ ⣔ ಟ ኈ ྕ 䠅 䛸 ᭩ 䛛 䜜 ฟ ∧ ♫ 䛿㻯㼕㼚㼏㼕㼚㼚㼍㼠㼕㻦㻌 㻶㼑㼚㼚㼕㼚㼓㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻳㼞㼍㼔㼍㼙䠈㻺㼑㼣㻌 㼅㼛㼞㼗㻦㻌 㻱㼍㼠㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻹㼍㼕㼚㼟䠈㻯㼛㼜㼥㼞㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌 㻝㻥㻜㻤㻌 䛸䛒䜛䠊ᅗ 㻝 䛻ཎᮏ䛾ᡬ㡫䜢♧䛩䠊㻌㻌ཎᮏ䛷䛿෗┿䛿ᩥ୰䛻ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䠈ᕳ㢌䛾┠ḟ䛻⥆䛝෗┿䛾䝸䝇䝖䛜ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 㻌┠ḟ䛾๓䛻䠈ヂᮏ䛷䛿䛂ཎⴭ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛃䛾๓᭩䛝䛜䝆䝵䞁䞉㻮䞉䝇䝖䝑䜹䞊䠄㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫ๓ㅮᖌ䠅䛾ྡ䛷グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᚋ㏙䛩䜛䛜䠈ⴭ⪅䛾 㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥㻌㻮㻚㻌㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦 䛿᪥ᮏ⁫ᅾ䛾ᚋ༙䛻㮵ඣᓥ䛻⁫ᅾ䛧ᮏ᭩䜢グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䝇䝖䝑䜹䞊Ặ䛿䠈䛂ⓒᖺ๓㮵ඣᓥ䛻ᒃఫ䛧䛶䛔䛯୍እᅜே䛃䛜䛂䛔䛛䛺䜛ពぢ䜢䇾᪥ᮏ䛻䛴䛔䛶䇿ᣢ䛱ྜ䜟䛫䛶䛔䛯䛛䠈▱䜚䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛳䛶䛔䛯䛃䛸䛧䠈ᮏ᭩䜢⤂௓䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ᭩䛾᭩䛛䜜䛯ᙜ᫬䛿䠈᪥㟢ᡓத䛾⤊⤖ᚋ䛷᪥ᮏ䛭䛧䛶⸃ᦶ䠈ᮾ㒓㻔ᖹඵ㑻㻕䛜ୡ⏺୰䛾㛵ᚰ䛾ⓗ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䛂䛿䛨䜑䛻䠄㻼㼞㼑㼒㼍㼏㼑䠅䛃䛿 㻝㻥㻜㻣 ᖺ 㻡 ᭶ 㻢 ᪥䛻㮵ඣᓥ䛷᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂㻝㻤㻥㻟 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻢 ᖺ䠅௨᮶䠈᪥ᮏ䛻ఫ䜐䛸䛔䛖ᜠᜨ䛻ᾎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊᮶᪥௨᮶䠈䛣䛾 㻝㻠 ᖺ㛫䛾኱༙䛻䜟䛯䜚䠈⚾䛿እே᪑⾜⪅䛜୍ᗘ䜒ゼ䜜䛯䛣䛸䛾䛺䛔ᅵᆅ䜢ぢ≀䛧䠈ᾏእ䛛䜙䛾ほගᐈ䛜୍ᗘ䜒
㊊䜢㋃䜏ධ䜜䛯䛣䛸䛾䛺䛔㏻䜚䜢Ṍ䛟䛸䛔䛖ᖾ㐠䛻ᜨ䜎䜜䛶䛝䛯䠊⚾䛜䠈䛣䛾ᅜ䛾䜋䛸䜣䛹▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ᆅ᪉䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒▱㆑䜢᭷䛧䠈≉䛻䛂⸃ᦶᅜ䛃䛻ᑐ䛧䛶⯆࿡䜢ᢪ䛔䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈᪥ᮏ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᭩⡠┠㘓䛻䠈䛣䛣䛻᪂䛯䛺୍෉䜢௜䛡ຍ䛘䜛㈨᱁䛾䛒䜛⪅䛸䛧䛶䛸䛧䛶ㄆ䜑䛶䜒䜙䛘䜛䛰䜝䛖䛃䛸㏙䜉䠈ྛ❶䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛ෆᐜ䛿䠈᪥ᮏ⁫ᅾ୰䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜␗䛺䛳䛯᫬ᮇ䛻᭩䛛䜜䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠈䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌ཎᮏ䛾ᕳᮎ䛻䛿⣴ᘬ䛸᪥ᮏㄒ䛾⡆༢䛺⏝ㄒ㞟䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈᪥ᖖ఍ヰ䛾௚䠈ㄪᗘရ䜔㣗ရ㛵ಀ䛜ከ䛟䠈⯆࿡῝䛔䠊ヂᮏ䛾ᕳᮎ䛻䛂ヂ⪅䛒䛸䛜䛝䛃䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ⴭ⪅䛾⤒Ṕ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊⤒Ṕ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᚋ㏙䛩䜛䠊㻌㻌㻟㻚㻞㻌 ⴭ⪅䛾␎Ṕ㻌ⴭ⪅䛾 㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥㻌 㻮㻚㻌 㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦㻌 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ヂᮏ䛾䛂ヂ⪅䛾䛒䛸䛜䛝䛃䛻᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜰䝯䝸䜹䞉䜸䝝䜲䜸ᕞฟ㌟䛾⡿ᅜ䝯䝋䝆䝇䝖┘╩ᩍ఍ᐉᩍᖌ䛷䛒䜛䠊䜴䜵䝇䝺䜰䞁䠄㼃㼑㼟㼘㼑㼥㼍㼚䠅኱Ꮫ༞ᴗᚋ䝪䝇䝖䞁䠄㻮㼛㼟㼠㼛㼚䠅኱Ꮫ䛷⚄Ꮫ䜢ಟ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊᮶᪥ᚋ䛾⤒Ṕ䜢⾲ 㻞 䛻♧䛩䠊㻌ᮏᩥ୰䛻䛿䠈ᐙ᪘䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿୍ゝ䜒ゐ䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔㻌ᅗ 㻝㻌 ཎᮏ㻌 䇾㻵㼚㻌㼀㼛㼓㼛䇻㼟㻌㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼥䇿䛾ᡬ㡫㻌䛜䠈䛂ヂ⪅䛒䛸䛜䛝䛃䛻䛿ᐙ᪘䛾஦䛜᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊
Fig. 1. Cover page of “In Togo’s Country”.
䛂㻝㻥㻜㻡 ᖺⓎ⾜䛾ⱥᩥㄅ䛄㼀㼕㼐㼕㼚㼓㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚䛅䛻ᥖ㍕䛥㻌䜜䛯୍ᐙ䛾෗┿䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈ኵே䛸 㻝㻡䠈㻢 ṓ䛾௧Ꮉ䛸䠈୧᭩䛾┠ḟ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶⾲ 㻝 䛻♧䛩䠊ヂᮏ䛷䛿᭱ึ䛭䜜䜘䜚ᑡ䛧ᖺୗ䛾⏨䛾Ꮚ䛸䠈㻤䠈㻥 ṓ䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛╔≀䛻ᥖ㍕෗┿䜢䜎䛸䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊᭱ึ䛾෗┿䛿ཎᮏ䛻䛿ጼ䛾ᑡዪ䛾୍ᐙ 㻡 ே䛜᪥ᮏᗞᅬ䜢䝞䝑䜽䛻෗䛳䛶䛔䛺䛟䠈᪥ᮏ⁫ᅾ୰䛾䝅䝳䝽䝹䝒୍ᐙ䜢෗䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ヂᮏ䛾෗┿㡫䛾ෑ㢌䛾෗┿䛜䛣䜜䛻䜛䠊ᕳᮎ䛾䛂ヂ⪅䛒䛸䛜䛝䛃䛻グ㍕䛜䛒䜛䛾䛷ᚋ㏙䛩䜛䠊 䛒䛯䜛䠊㻌- 30 -⾲ 1㻌 ヂᮏ䛸ཎᮏ䛾┠ḟ䛾ẚ㍑
Table 1. Comparison of contents between translated and original editions㻌⾲㢟㻌๪㢟㻌ฟ∧♫㻌Ⓨ⾜ᖺ㻌ཱྀ⤮෗┿㻌䜎䛘䛜䛝㻌⊩㎡㻌
┠ḟ㻌
㻌
䜎䛘䛜䛝㻌
➨ 㻝 ❶㻌➨ 㻞 ❶㻌➨ 㻟 ❶㻌➨ 㻠 ❶㻌➨ 㻡 ❶㻌➨ 㻢 ❶㻌➨ 㻣 ❶㻌➨ 㻤 ❶㻌➨ 㻥 ❶㻌
➨ 㻝㻜 ❶㻌⣴ᘬ㻌⏝ㄒ㞟㻌䛒䛸䛜䛝㻌ヂᮏ㻌⸃ᦶᅜ⁫ᅾグ㻌ᐉᩍᖌ䛾ぢ䛯᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ㻌᪂ே≀ ᮶♫㻌㻝㻥㻤㻠㻌䝅䝳䝽䝹䝒୍ᐙ㻌෗┿ 㻞㻢 ᯛ䠄ཎᮏ䜘䜚䠅㻌ཎⴭ䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 䡸䢚䡪䢙䞉㻮䞉䡹䢀䡫䡲䡬㻌䇷㻌┠ḟ㻌㻌䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 䢉䢙䢔䡬䞉㻮䞉䡸䡩䢘䢕䡾㻌ᮾ㒓䛾ᨾ㒓䛻䛶㻌᪥ᮏ䛾⪷ᆅ䞉ၿගᑎ䜈䛾ᕠ♩䛾᪑㻌᪥ᮏ䛾ᐟᒇ䛻䛶㻌㫽䛾㊊㊧䛾ᩥᏐ㻌ᆅ㟈䛾⌧ሙ䜢ゼ䛽䜛㻌⌰⌫䠉ᛀ䜜䜙䜜䛯⋤ᅜ㻌᪥ᮏ䛾㞷ᅜ䜢ᚐṌ᪑⾜䛩䜛㻌᭱ึ䛾᪥ᮏ㡿஦㻌㛗ᓮ䇷ᐆ▼䛾ᓊ㎶䛾⏫㻌᪥㟢ᡓதᚋ䛾᪥ᮏ㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌ヂ⪅䛒䛸䛜䛝㻌ཎᮏ㻌㻵㼚㻌㼀㼛㼓㼛䇻㼟㻌㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼥㻌㻿㼛㼙㼑㻌㻿㼠㼡㼐㼕㼑㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㻿㼍㼠㼟㼡㼙㼍㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻻㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌㻸㼕㼠㼠㼘㼑㻌㻷㼚㼛㼣㼚㻌㻼㼍㼞㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㻯㼕㼚㼏㼕㼚㼚㼍㼠㼕㻦㻌㻶㼑㼚㼚㼕㼚㼓㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻳㼞㼍㼔㼍㼙䠈㻺㼑㼣㻌㼅㼛㼞㼗㻦㻌㻱㼍㼠㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻹㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㻝㻥㻜㻤㻌䇷㻌䇷㻌㼀㼛㻌㼀㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌㻲㼞㼕㼑㼚㼐㼟㻌㻯㼛㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㻸㼕㼟㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻵㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼍㼏㼑㻘㻌㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥㻌㻮㻚㻌㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦㻌㻵㼚㻌㼀㼛㼓㼛䇻㼟㻌㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼥㻌㻭㻌㻼㼕㼘㼓㼞㼕㼙㼍㼓㼑㻌㼠㼛㻌㼆㼑㼚㼗㼛㼖㼕㻌㻵㼚㻌㼍㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㻵㼚㼚㻌㼃㼞㼕㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼃㼕㼠㼔㻌㻮㼕㼞㼐㻌㼀㼞㼍㼏㼗㼟㻌㻭㻌㼂㼕㼟㼕㼠㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻿㼏㼑㼚㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㼚㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑㻌㻸㼛㼛㻌㻯㼔㼛㼛㻌䇵㻌㻭㻌㻲㼛㼞㼓㼛㼠㼠㼑㼚㻌㻷㼕㼚㼓㼐㼛㼙㻌㻭㻌㼀㼞㼍㼙㼜㻌㼀㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㻌㻿㼚㼛㼣㻙㼏㼘㼍㼐㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㻯㼛㼚㼟㼡㼘㼍㼠㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㻺㼍㼓㼍㼟㼍㼗㼕㻌䇵㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㻯㼕㼠㼥㻌㼎㼥㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻶㼑㼣㼑㼘㼑㼐㻌㻿㼔㼛㼞㼑㻌㻭㼒㼠㼑㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼃㼍㼞㻌㻭㼘㼜㼔㼍㼎㼑㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼐㼑㼤㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㼛㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㻳㼘㼛㼟㼟㼍㼞㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㼀㼑㼞㼙㼟㻌䇷㻌㻌⾲ 㻞㻌 㻴㻚㻮㻚㻌㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦 䛾᮶᪥୰䛾⤒Ṕ㻌Table 2.㻌 List of H.B. Schwartz’s Career in Japanᖺ㻌㻝㻤㻥㻟㻌㻝㻤㻥㻠㻌㻝㻤㻥㻢㻌㻝㻤㻥㻣㻌㻝㻥㻜㻜㻌㻝㻥㻜㻝㻌㻝㻥㻜㻞㻌㻝㻥㻜㻣㻌㻝㻥㻝㻡㻌ᩍ఍㛵ಀ㻌᮶᪥䠈㖟ᗙᩍ఍∾ᖌ㻌㟷᳃ᩍ༊䠄ᘯ๓䠅㛗⪁ྖ㻌㝣⩚ᆅ㟈㻌ᖐ௵䠈୍᫬ᖐᅜ㻌㛗ᓮᩍ༊㻌㻌༡஑ᕞᩍ༊䠄㮵ඣᓥ䠅㻌ᮏ᭩ᇳ➹㻌ᖐᅜ㻌ᩍ㠴䜢䛸䛳䛯Ꮫᰯ㻌⚟㡢఍㻌ᮾዟ⩏ሿ㻌㻌㻌㙠すᏛ㝔㻌ྠ㝔㛗㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻟㻚㻟㻌 ᮏᩥ䛾ᵓᡂ㻌ᮏᩥ䛿⾲ 㻝 䛾┠ḟ䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻 㻝㻜 ❶䛛䜙䛺䜚䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜⊂❧䛧䛯ෆᐜ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏ᭩䛜䜎䛸䜑䜙䜜䛯䛾䛿㮵ඣᓥ䛻⁫ᅾ୰䛾 㻝㻥㻜㻣 ᖺ䛷䛒䜛䠊ෆᐜ䛿ⴭ⪅䛜䛭䜜䜎䛷䛻య㦂䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢䜒䛸䛻䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䛯ሙᡤ䜒␗䛺䜚䠈᫬ᮇ䜒䛭䜜䛮䜜␗䛺䜛䠊ᥖ㍕䛾㡰䛿䠈ᚲ䛪䛧䜒᫬௦䛾㡰䛻䛿䛺䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊➨ 㻡 ❶䛂ᆅ㟈 䛾 ⌧ ሙ 䜢 ゼ 䛽 䜛 䠄 㻭㻌 㼂㼕㼟㼕㼠㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻿㼏㼑㼚㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼚㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑䠅䛃䛜 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾᥈ゼグ䛷䛒䜚䠈ᘯ๓ᩍ఍䛻㉱௵୰䛻ᘯ๓䛛䜙⿕⅏ᆅ䛻ฟྥ䛔䛶䛔䜛䠊ᮏㄽ䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾❶䛾䜏䜢ᑐ㇟䛻⣣ゎ䛔䛶䜏䜛䠊㻌㻌㻌㼲㻠㻚ᙜ᫬䛾ᘯ๓䛸஺㏻≧ἣ㻌ᘯ๓䛿ᘯ๓⸬䛾ᇛୗ⏫䛸䛧䛶Ⓨᒎ䛧䛯⏫䛷䠈㻝㻤㻤㻤ᖺ 㻞 ᭶䛾ᕷไ䛾᪋⾜䛷Ⓨ㊊䛧䛯඲ᅜ 㻟㻢 㒔ᕷ䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜚䠈㝣㌷➨ඵᖌᅋ䠈ᪧไᘯ๓㧗ᰯ䛜タ⨨䛥䜜ὠ㍍ᆅ᪉䛾୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊ᮏ❶䛷䛿ⴭ⪅䛾ᡤᒓ䛧䛯ᘯ๓ᩍ఍䛸ᙜ᫬䛾஺㏻≧ἣ䜢㏙䜉䛶䛚䛟䠊䛊ᣓᘼ䛋ෆ䛿➹⪅䛾⿵㊊䜢♧䛩䠊㻌㻌㻠㻚㻝㻌 ᪥ᮏᇶ╩ᩍᅋᘯ๓ᩍ఍㻌ⴭ⪅䛜㉱௵䛧䛶䛔䛯ᘯ๓ᩍ఍䠄⌧᪥ᮏᇶ╩ᩍᅋᘯ๓ᩍ఍䠅䛿ྠᩍ఍䛾䝩䞊䝮䝨䞊䝆䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈䛂㻝㻤㻣㻠 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻣䛊ཎᩥ䝬䝬䛋䠅䠈ὠ㍍⸬䛾⸬ᰯ䛷䛒䛳䛯ᮾዟ⩏ሿ䛊䛄㟷᳃┴ྐ㏻ྐ⦅ 㻟䛅㼇㟷᳃┴㻔㻞㻜㻝㻤㻕㼉䛷䛿䠈ὠ㍍⸬
䛾⸬ᰯ䛷䛿䛺䛟䛂Ꮫไᨵ㠉⸬ᰯ䛾⣔⤫䜢ཷ䛡⥅䛠Ꮫᰯ䛃䛸䛧䛶䛂㛤ᰯ䛻䛣䛞䛴䛡䛯䛃䛸グ㍕䛋䛜෌⯆䛥䜜䛯㝿䠈ඖὠ㍍⸬ኈ䛷䜻䝸䝇䝖ᩍᚐ䛷䛒䛳䛯ᮏከᗤ୍ึ௦ሿ㛗䛜䠈໭⡿䛾䝯䝋䝆䝇䝖ᩍ఍䜘䜚᪥ᮏ䛻ὴ㐵䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䠦䞉䜲䞁䜾ᐉᩍᖌ䜢ⱥㄒᩍᖌ䛸䛧䛶ᣍ⪸䛧䛯䠊䜲䞁䜾ᐉᩍᖌ䛻ឤ໬䜢ཷ䛡䛯ᮾዟ⩏ሿ䛾⏕ᚐ 㻞㻞 ྡ䛜Ὑ♩䜢ཷ䛡䛶䜻䝸䝇䝖ᩍᚐ䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊ᙼ䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶㻝㻤㻣㻡 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻤 ᖺ䠅㻝㻜 ᭶ 㻟 ᪥䠈ᮾ໭᭱ྂ䛾䝥䝻䝔䝇䝍䞁䝖ᩍ఍䛸䛧䛶ᘯ๓බ఍䠄⌧ᘯ๓ᩍ఍䠅䛜ㄌ⏕䛧䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ⴭ⪅䛾 㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥㻌 㻮㻚㻌 㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦 䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻠 ᖺ䛻╔௵䛧䠈㻝㻤㻥㻣 ᖺ䜎䛷⁫ᅾ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾㛫 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ- 31 -㟈䛻㐼㐝䛧䠈⌧ᆅ䛻ฟ᥃䛡⁫ᅾグ䜢ṧ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈➨ 㻣 ❶ 䛂 ᪥ ᮏ 䛾 㞷 ᅜ 䜢 ᚐ Ṍ ᪑ ⾜ 䛩 䜛 䠄 㻭㻌 㼀㼞㼍㼙㼜㻌㼀㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㻌 㻿㼚㼛㼣㻙㼏㼘㼍㼐㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚䠅䛃䛷䛿ᘯ๓䛛䜙⛅⏣䜈䛾㞷୰䛾ᚐṌ᪑⾜グ䛜グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌㻠㻚㻞㻌 ᙜ᫬䛾஺㏻≧ἣ㻌ୖ㔝䛛䜙㟷᳃䜎䛷⚾㕲䛾᪥ᮏ㕲㐨䛜 㻝㻤㻥㻝 ᖺ䛻඲
㏻䛧䠈ᐁタዟ⩚໭⥺䛜 㻝㻤㻥㻡 ᖺ䛻㟷᳃䛛䜙ᘯ๓䜢㉺䛘኱㪭䜎䛷ᘏఙ䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊⛅⏣┴䛾⿕⅏ᆅ䜈䛿ᘯ๓䛛䜙༡ୗ䛩䜛䛛䠈ᮾ໭ᮏ⥺䛾㯮ἑᑼ䞉┒ᒸ䛛䜙ዟ⩚ᒣ⬦䜢㉺䛘䛺䛡䜜䜀䛺䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊㕲㐨䛾㏻䛨䛶䛔䛺䛔㒔ᕷ㛫䛾஺㏻䛿ேຊ㌴䛜฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊㻌㻌㼲㻡㻚㻌 䛂ᆅ㟈䛾⌧ሙ䜢ゼ䛽䜛䠄㻭㻌 㼂㼕㼟㼕㼠㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻿㼏㼑㼚㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌㼍㼚㻌㻱㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑䠅䛃䛾ᴫせ㻌㻌 ᮏ❶䛷䛿䠈ᩥ❶䜢༊ษ䛳䛶ᴫせ䜢㏙䜉䜛䠊௨ୗ䛾⠇䛾⾲㢟䛿ཎᮏ䞉ヂᮏ䛻䛿䛺䛟䠈➹⪅䛜ෆᐜ䛻ᛂ䛨㐺ᐅ䛴䛡䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈ᮏ㈨ᩱ䛾᪥ᮏㄒヂ䛿ཎ๎ヂ᭩䛾䜒䛾䜢⏝䛔䜛䛜䚸ཎᮏ䛸኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛⟠ᡤ䛿䜹䝑䝁ෆ䛻䠄ヂㄒ䛸ཎⱥᩥ䠅䜢௜グ䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ᘬ⏝䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶࿴ᬺ䛿すᬺ䛻䠈₎ᩘᏐ䛿䜰䝷䝡䜰ᩘᏐ䛻ᨵ䜑䛯䠊㻌 㻌㻌㻡㻚㻝㻌 ᭩䛝ฟ䛧㻌䛂ᆅ㟈䛿᪥ᮏ䛾≉⏘≀䛸䛔䛳䛶䜘䛔䜋䛹䜋䛸䜣䛹ẖ᪥䛾䜘䛖䛻䛣䛾ᅜ䛾䛹䛣䛛䛷㉳䛝䛶䛔䜛䛃䛸䛾᭩䛝ฟ䛧䛷ጞ䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊㻝㻤㻥㻜䡚㻝㻤㻥㻢䛊ཎᮏ䛷䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻡䛋ᖺ䛾 㻡ᖺ㛫䠄ṇ☜䛻䛿 㻢䠈㻣 ᖺ㛫䛻䛺䜛䠅䛻䠈ᆅ㟈 㻟 ᅇ䠈ⅆᒣ⇿Ⓨ 㻝 ᅇ䠈ὠἼ 㻝 ᅇ䜢ᣲ䛢䛶䛔䜛䠊ᆅ㟈 㻟 ᅇ䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻝ᖺ⃰ᑿ䞉㻝㻤㻥㻠 ᖺᗉෆ䞉㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚䠈ὠἼ 㻝 ᅇ䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻢ᖺ୕㝣ὠἼ䛜䛩䛠䛻ᛮ䛔ୖ䛜䜛䠊ⅆᒣ⇿Ⓨ䠍ᅇ䛿㻝㻤㻤㻤 ᖺ☬Დᒣ䛾ㄗグ䛛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䛯䛜䠈䛣䛾ᮇ㛫䛻䛿㻝㻤㻥㻟 ᖺ 㻢 ᭶䛾⚟ᓥ┴࿃ጔᒣ䛾ᄇⅆ䛜䛒䜚䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ሗ࿌䛻䠷኱᳃䠄㻝㻤㻥㻟䠅䠹䛾ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ᄇⅆ䛷䛿ㄪᰝ୰䛾ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝᡤ䛾⫋ဨ 㻞 ྡ䛜ṥ⫋䛧䛶䛔䜛䠷୕ᾆ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻟䠅䠹䠊㻌ḟ䛻䛂㻝㻤㻥㻢䛊ཎᮏ䛷䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻡䛋ᖺ䛾 㻤 ᭶ 㻟㻝 ᪥䛻㉳䛝䛯ᆅ㟈䛿䠈䛭䛾୰䛷䜒୍␒䛾኱ᆅ㟈䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈㉳䛝䛯ሙᡤ䛻ேᐙ䛜ከ䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛸䠈㉳䛝䛯᫬㛫䛜Ⰻ䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䛻ே࿨䛾ᦆᐖ䛿䛭䜜䜋䛹኱䛝䛟䛿䛺䛟䠈Ṛ⪅ 㻞㻡㻜 ே௨ୗ䠈㈇യ⪅ 㻡㻜㻜 ே䛺䛔䛧 㻢㻜㻜 ே䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊㻝 ୓ᡞ䛾ᐙ䛜᏶඲䛻ಽቯ䛧䠈䛭䛾 㻞 ಸ䜒䛾ᐙ䛜୍㒊ቯ䜜䛯䛃䛸㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾≉ᚩ䜢㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛䠊Ṛയ⪅ᩘ䛿⿕ᐖ⤫ィ䛸䜋䜌୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ಽቯᩘ䛿඲༙₽䛾ྜィ䛷䜒 㻝 ୓䛻㐩䛧䛶䛚䜙䛪㐣኱䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌㻡㻚㻞㻌 ᘯ๓䛛䜙⛅⏣䜎䛷㻌ḟ䛾䝟䝷䜾䝷䝣䛛䜙䠈ゼၥグ䛜ጞ䜎䜛䠊ᆅ㟈䛛䜙 㻝㻜᪥ᚋ䛻ᘯ๓䜢ฟⓎ䛧䛯䠊⛅⏣䜎䛷䠈㞵䛾୰䛾 㻟 ᪥㛫䛾᪑䠈஺㏻ᡭẁ䛿グ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜᪥ᩘ䛛䜙ேຊ㌴䛷䛾⛣ື䛷䛒䜝䛖䠊㏵୰䠈⛅⏣┴䛻ධ䜛䛸㐨㊰䛜Ⰻ䛟䛺䜚䠈⛅⏣ᕷ䛾ᵝᏊ䜒Ύ₩䛷⦾ᰤ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䛯䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊⛅⏣䛾᪑㤋䛿ኈ᪘䛾⤒Ⴀ䛩䜛ᐟ䛷䠈ᐟᒇ䛾୺ே䛿ᡭᩱ⌮䛾䝡䝣䝔䜻䜔↝䛝㨶䜢ኤ㣗䛻ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊୺ே䛜ᗯୗ䛻ᗙ䛳䛶䛂䛣䜣䛺⢒ᮎ䛺䛚㣗஦䛧䛛ᕪ䛧ୖ䛢䜙䜜䛺䛔䛷኱ኚኻ♩䛧䛶䛚䜚䜎䛩䛃䛸䛔䛖୎㔜䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌୺ே䛾ᜥᏊ䛜ᆅ㟈䛾⌧ሙ䛛䜙ᖐ䛳䛯䜀䛛䜚䛷䛒䜚䠈ኤ㣗ᚋ䛻䛔䜝䛔䜝䛺᝟ሗ䜢ᚓ䠈⌧ᆅ䛾᪑㤋䛾୺ே䛺䛹䛻ᐄ䛶䛯⤂௓≧䜢䜒䜙䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈ேຊ㌴䛾
ᡭ㓄䜢䛧䛶䜒䜙䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ேຊ㌴䛿 㻝 䝬䜲䝹ᗄ䜙䛸ᐃ䜑䜙䜜䛯㔠㢠䛾ᅇᩘๆ䜢㥐㏴䛷Ώ䛩䛾䛜㏻౛䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䛜㉳䛝䛶䛛䜙䛿㐨㊰䛜ቯ䜜䛯䛣䛸䜢ཱྀᐇ䛻 㻞ಸ䛾㔠㢠䜢せồ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛾䛷䠈㥐䛤䛸䛻ᨭᡶ䛖䜉䛝㔠㢠䜢᭩䛝ධ䜜䛯᪑⛬⾲䜢స䛳䛶䜒䜙䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ேຊ㌴䛾㌴ኵ䛿᫬䚻ኚ䜟䜚䠈ᖹᆒ䛧䛶 㻝 ᫬㛫䛷 㻠 䝬䜲䝹䠄㻢㻚㻠 䟜䠅㉮䜛䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᅗ 㻞 䛻ᘯ๓䛛䜙⿕⅏ᆅ䜈䛾⾜⛬䜢஧㔜⥺䛷♧䛩䠊⫼ᬒᆅᅗ䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻜 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻟 ᖺ䠅Ⓨ⾜䛾 㻞㻜 ୓ศ䛾 㻝 ᆅໃᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛯㻚㻌㻌

- 32 -㻌ᅗ 㻞㻌 ᘯ๓䛛䜙⛅⏣ᕷ䜢⤒䛶⿕⅏ᆅ䜈䛾⾜⛬㻌
Fig.2. Supposed route from Hirosaki to the affectedarea via Akita city.

㻡㻚㻟㻚㻌 ⛅⏣䛛䜙ቃ䜎䛷㻌⩣ᮅ 㻣 ᫬䛻ᐟ䜢ฟⓎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂⚾䛾㌴ኵ䛿ឡ᝿䛾䜘䛔ே㛫䛷䠈䜺䜲䝗䛾ᙺ䜒ྠ᫬䛻ົ䜑䛶䛟䜜䛯䛃䛸䛒䜛䠊䛂㐨䛿ᕝ䛻ἢ䛳䛯⨾䛧䛔㇂㛫䜢ୖ䛜䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊ᕝ䛾୧ഃ䛾ഴᩳ䛧䛯ୣ୍㠃䛻㯤㔠Ⰽ䛾⏣䛜స䜙䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊⡿䜢᳜䛘䛯ᑠ䛥䛺୙つ๎䛺ᙧ䛾༊⏬䛜ఱẁ䛻䜒㔜䛺䛳䛶㇂඲య䜢そ䛳䛶䠈䛭䛾୍䛴୍䛴䛜ぢ஦䛺ᢏ⾡䛷㓄⨨䛥䜜䠈⡿䛾⏕⫱䛻Ḟ䛟䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䛺䛔Ỉ䛜ḟ䛛䜙ḟ䜈䛸᏶඲䛻㓄ศ䛥䜜䛶ὶ䜜䛶䛔䛯䛃䛸䛧䠈Ჴ⏣䜢ほᐹ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂ேᐙ䛿䜎䜀䜙䛷䠈㐲䛔ୣ䛾㯄䛾䛒䛯䜚䛻ᘓ䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊᫬䚻䠈㐨䛿᫇䛾ᅜ㐨䛸୍⥴䛻䛺䜚䠈ఱ䝬䜲䝹䜒䛾㛫䠈ⓒᖺ䜒䛯䛳䛯䛛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛ྂ䛔ᯇ୪ᮌ䛾⾤㐨䜢㏻䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䛳䛯䛃䛸グ䛧䠈ᨾ㒓䛾䝙䝳䞊䜲䞁䜾䝷䞁䝗䛾ᯇ䛾ᮌ䛾ගᬒ䜢ᅇ᝿䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂ᮧ䛾ே䚻䛿඲ဨ䛜⸛䛾᱂ᇵ䛻ᚑ஦䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈㐨➃䛾䛔䛯䜛ᡤ䛻䠈䛭䛾ⴥ䛜ᖸ䛧䛶䛒䛳䛯䛃䛸䛧䠈䜰䝙䝸䞁ᰁᩱ䛾Ⓨ᫂䛷⸛⏘ᴗ䛿ᡴᧁ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈䛂⌧ᅾ䜒䛺䛚䛣䛾ᆅ᪉䛾⏕⏘≀䛾୍䛴䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸ほᐹ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌䛂ᅄ䛴┠䛾ᮧ䜢㐣䛞䛯㡭䛛䜙䠈ඛ᪥䛾ᆅ㟈䛾ṧ䛧䛯㊧䛜᪉䚻䛻┠❧䛴䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛃䛸䛒䜛䠊㻠 䛴䛾ᮧ䛿∵ᓥ⏫䠈ோ஭⏣ᮧ䠈㇏䠄ᡞ䠅ᓥᮧ䠈࿴⏣ᮧ䜢ᣦ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊䛂㐨䛿௒䜎䛷ேᐙ䛜䛺䛛䛳䛯䜘䛖䛺ୣ䛾ୖ䜈䛸⥆䛔䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䠈ಽቯ䛧䛯ᐙ䛿ぢᙜ䛯䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈㐨㊰䛻䛿኱䛝䛺⿣䛡┠䛜ఱᮏ䜒㉮䜚䠈ᅵᡭ䛿ᔂ䜜ⴠ䛱䠈ᶫ䛿ቯ䛥䜜䠈ᆅ⁥䜚䛿↓ᩘ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛃䛸⿕⅏ᆅ䛻㏆䛵䛔䛯䛣䛸䜢グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌㻡㻚㻠㻚㻌 ቃ䛾ᐟ䛷᫨㣗㻌䛂༗๓ 㻝㻝 ᫬㡭䛻ቃ䛸䛔䛖ᮧ䛾䛣䛞䜜䛔䛺ᐟ䛻฿╔䛧䛯䛃䛸䛒䜛䛊䛄᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ⥆⿵㑇䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䛅䛷䛿䛂༗๓୍᫬㡭䛃䠄ᩘᏐ䛾⬺Ꮠ䠅䛸グ㍕䠈䛭䛾௚䛻䜒㌿グ䛾ㄗ䜚䛜䛒䜛䛾䛷ὀ䛻♧䛩䛋䠊ቃ䛿⩚ᕞ⾤㐨䛾ᐟሙ䛷ᐟᒇ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛭䛣䛷᫨㣗䜢䛸䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᒣ㫟䛾↝≀䛸㭜䛾㈅Ẇ↝䛝䛸ᚚ㣤䛷䠈Ⅳ䜢ධ䜜䛯ᑠⅆ㖊䛸ჾ䛸䛧䛶౑䜟䜜䜛ᕹ❧㈅䛻ឤᚰ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿⌧ᅾ䛷䜒㟷᳃䞉⛅⏣ᆅ᪉䛾ྡ≀䛷䛒䜛䠊᫨㣗䛜῭䜣䛷ேຊ㌴
䛷㟼ᐢ䛺୰䜢ክぢᚰᆅ䛷㐍䜏䠈䛂㛗䛔ᮌ䛾ᶫ䜢Ώ䜚䠈኱᭤䛾⏫䜈ධ䛳䛯䛾䛷䠈⚾䛾ክ䜒䛭䛣䛷⤊䜟䛳䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ቃ䛛䜙኱᭤䜎䛷䛚䜘䛭 㻞㻡䡇䡉䛒䜛䛜䠈㌿ᐷ䜢䛧䛶䛔䛯䛯䜑䛛䠈䛭䛾㛫䛾㢼ᬒ䛾グ㏙䛿䛺䛔䠊䛣䛾㛗䛔ᮌ䛾ᶫ䛿⋢ᕝᶫ䛾䛣䛸䛷䠈㻝㻤㻤㻜 ᖺ䛻௬ᶫ䠈㻝㻤㻤㻥 ᖺ䛻ᮌᶫ䛜ᯫ䛡䜙䜜䠈㛗䛥䛿 㻠㻞㻡䡉䛒䜚ᙜ᫬䛾᪥ᮏ᭱㛗䛾ᶫ䛷䛒䛳䛯㼇⛅ᘓ᫬ሗ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻢䠅㼉䠊ᅗ 㻟 䛻⛅⏣䛛䜙ቃ䛻⮳䜛⾜⛬䜢♧䛩䠊⫼ᬒᆅᅗ䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻜 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻟 ᖺ䠅Ⓨ⾜䛾 㻞㻜 ୓ศ䛾 㻝 ᆅໃᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛯㻚㻌⛅⏣ᕷ㻌ோ஭⏣ᮧ㻌∵ᓥ⏫㻌ᡞᓥᮧ㻌㻔ᒾぢ㻕ᕝἢ䛔䛾Ჴ⏣㻌࿴⏣ᮧ㻌ቃ㻔᫨㣗㻕㻌㻌ᅗ 㻟㻌 ⛅⏣䛛䜙ቃ䛻⮳䜛⾜⛬㻌
Fig.3. Trail from Akita to Sakai.

- 33 -㻡㻚㻡㻌 ኱᭤䛻฿╔㻌㻌 ኱᭤䛾⏫䛷䛿䛂඲య䛾 㻝㻡 䝟䞊䝉䞁䝖䛾ᐙ䛜ఱ䜙䛛䛾ᦆᐖ䜢⿕䜚䠈㻤 ே䛜Ṛ䜣䛷䠈㻝㻝 ே䛜㈇യ䛧䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊኱᭤⏫䛾⿕ᐖ⤫ィ䛿Ṛ⪅ 㻤䠈㈇യ⪅ 㻝㻝䠈඲₽⋡ 㻝㻜䠂㼇Ỉ⏣䞉㙾࿡䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㼉䛷䛒䜚ṇ☜䛻ᢕᥱ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂኱䛝䛺ᮦᮌ䛷ಽ䜜䛺䛔䜘䛖䛻ᨭ䛘䜢䛧䛯ᐟᒇ䛷୍ኪ䜢㐣䛤䛧䛯䛃䛸䛒䜚䠈⩣᪥䠈㏆䛟䛾ᮧ䜢ぢ䛶ᅇ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ᐙ䛜᏶඲䛻ಽቯ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ṧ䛳䛶䛔䜛ᐙ䛿✺䛳䛛䛔Წ䜢ᨭ䛘䛻䛧䛶㎞䛨䛶❧䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊ᮧே䛯䛱䛿ᯈᙇ䜚䛻䠈ⲇⶂ䜢ᩜ䛔䛯⢒ᮎ䛺ᑠᒇ䛻ఫ䜣䛷䛚䜚䠈᭱䜒ᖺྲྀ䛳䛯፬ே䛛䜙ᑠ䛥䛔Ꮚ౪䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷䠈ቯ䜜䛯ᐙ䛾㛫䜢ఱ䛛ຓ䛛䛳䛯䜒䛾䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸᥈䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊ᖾ䛔䠈⑓Ẽ䛾Ⓨ⏕䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹䛺䛛䛳䛯䜘䛖䛰䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䛾ᚋ䠈㻝㻜 ᪥㛫䜒ᙉ䛔㞵䛜㝆䛳䛯䛯䜑䛻䠈䛩䜉䛶䛜䛛䛺䜚ᝒ᝺䛺≧ἣ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛃䛸≧ἣ䜢䜘䛟ఏ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌㻡㻚㻢㻌 ⿕⅏ᆅ䜢ᕠ䜛㻌䛂䛣䛾ᆅ᪉䛾୍␒኱䛝䛔⏫䛿භ㒓䛷䠈㻝㻝㻜㻜 ᡞ䛾ᐙ䛜䛒䜚䠈ேཱྀ 㻢㻡㻡㻤 ே䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊Ꮫᰯ䛾኱䛝䛺ᘓ≀䛾୰䛻⑓㝔䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䛶䠈㉥༑Ꮠ䛾་⪅䛸┳ㆤ፬䛜᛹ᡃே䛾ᡭᙜ䛶䜢䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊ᆅ㟈䛜㉳䛝䛯䛾䛜༗ᚋ 㻡᫬䛷䠈ാ䛝ᡭ䛾⏨ዪ䛿䠈㞳䜜䛯⏣ᅡ䛷ാ䛔䛶䛔䛯䛾䛷䠈ṧ䛳䛶䛔䛶᛹ᡃ䜢䛧䛯䛾䛿኱᢬䠈ᖺᐤ䜚䛛Ꮚ౪䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈ẚ㍑ⓗṚയ⪅䛜ᑡ䛺䛛䛳䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ᐙ䜢Ᏺ䜚䠈䜎䛰ാ䛡䛺䛔ᑠ䛥䛔Ꮚ౪䛯䛱䛾㠃ಽ䜢ぢ䜛䛯䜑䛻ṧ䛳䛶䛔䛯⪁፠䜔Ꮚ౪䜢㝖䛔䛶䠈ᐙ䛾୰䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹✵䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛶䠈ᐙ䛜ಽ䜜䛯䛸䛝䛿䠈䛭䛾ᏊᏲ䜚䛾ே䚻䜒኱᢬䛿ᐙ䛾እ䛻䛔䛯䛾䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊භ㒓⏫䛾ᡞᩘ䠈ேཱྀ䠈௬タ䛾デ⒪ᡤタႠ䠈ᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕᫬้䛸ேⓗ⿕ᐖ䛾㛵ಀ䛺䛹㐺ษ䛻⌮ゎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌ḟ䛻䠈䛂༓ᒇ䛾ᮧ䛷䛿⃭䛧䛔ୖୗື䛾ᦂ䜜䛜䛒䛳䛶䠈䜎䜛䛷ᮧ䛾┿ୗ䛷⇿Ⓨ䛜㉳䛣䛳䛯䛛䛾䜘䛖䛺䛒䜚䛥䜎䜢࿊䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊䛭䛣䛷䛿಴ᗜ䛾ᗋ䛾┿䜣୰䛜⣙ 㻞 䝣䜱䞊䝖䜋䛹ᣢ䛱ୖ䛜䛳䛶ቯ䜜䠈ධ䜚ཱྀ䛾㔜䛔▼䛾ᩜᒃ䛜䠈䜎䜛䛷ⳫᏊ䜢ษ䛳䛯䜘䛖䛻 㻝 䜲䞁䝏䛾ཌ䜏䛷ఱ⟠䛻䜒๭䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊ᐙ䛾ୗ䛻䛿ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒 㻢 䜲䞁䝏䛾ᖜ䛷኱䛝䛺ட⿣䛜㉮䛳䛶䛔䛯䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊༓ᒇᮧ䛷䛿༓ᒇ᩿ᒙ䛜ฟ⌧䛧䠈⿕ᐖ⤫ィ䛿Ṛ⪅ 㻟㻠䠈㈇യ⪅ 㻟㻤䠈඲₽ 㻟㻤㻡䠈඲₽⋡ 㻡㻥䠂㼇Ỉ⏣䞉㙾࿡䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㼉䛷䛒䜚䠈⿕ᐖ䛾⃭䛧䛛䛳䛯ᆅᇦ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌䛂⣙ 㻡 䝬䜲䝹㞳䜜䛯㞄䛾ᮧ䛿䠈⚾䛾ぢ䛯㝈䜚䛷䛿䠈୍␒⿕ᐖ䛜䜂䛹䛛䛳䛯䠊ᶫ䛸䛔䛖ᶫ䛿඲㒊ቯ䜜䠈㻝 䝬䜲䝹䜒䛾㛫䠈㊰㠃䛜ỿୗ䛧䛶䠈䛭䛾ୖ䜢 㻝 䝣䜱䞊䝖䛾῝䛥䛷Ỉ䛜ὶ䜜䛶䛔䛯䠊䛭䛣䜢Ώ䛳䛯㌴ኵ䛾ヰ䛷䛿䠈Ỉ䛾ᗏ䛿䛝䜜䛔䛺◁䠄⣽◁䠖㼒㼕㼚㼑㻌㼟㼍㼚㼐䠅䛰䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸グ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㊥㞳䛚䜘䜃⿕ᐖ⛬ᗘ䜘䜚⏿ᒇᮧ䛸᥎ 䛩䜛䠊ྠᮧ䛾⿕ᐖ䛿Ṛ⪅ 㻞㻜 ඲₽ 㻟㻞㻥 ඲₽⋡㻣㻢䠂䛸᭱䜒⿕ᐖ䛾኱䛝䛺ᮧ䛷䛒䜛㼇Ỉ⏣䞉㙾࿡䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㼉䠊㻌᭱ᚋ䛻㧗᲍ᮧ䜢ゼ䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛂⛅⏣┴➨୍䛾㔠ᣢ䛱䛷䛒䜛ụ⏣ᐙ䛾ᒇᩜ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛃䛸䛧䠈䛂஦ົᡤ䜔⣡ᒇ䠈䛭䛾௚䛾ᘓ≀䜢ྵ䜑䜛䛸䠈䜎䜛䛷ᑠ䛥䛔ᮧ䛾䜘䛖䛰䛳䛯䠊ụ⏣Ặ䛸䠈䛭䛾ᐙ᪘䛿௬ᑠᒇ䛻ఫ䜣䛷䛔䛯䛜䠈኱ໃ䛾⏨䛯䛱䛜༙ศቯ䜜䛯ᐙ䜢ゎయ䛧䛶ṧ㧁䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛సᴗ䜢䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊ᙼ䛊㻝㻞 ௦ụ⏣⏒அຓ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛋䛾ヰ䛷䛿ᐙ䜢く䛳䛯ᆅ㟈䛿᏶඲䛻ୖୗື䠄䜒䛳䜁䜙Ỉᖹື䠖㼑㼚㼠㼕㼞㼑㼘㼥㻌 㼔㼛㼞㼕㼦㼛㼚㼠㼍㼘䠅䛷䜂䛹䛟ᦂ䜜䛯䛾䛷䠈ᗞ䜢㉮䜚ᢤ䛡䜘䛖䛸䛧䛶㏵୰䛷ఱᗘ䜒㌿䜆ጞᮎ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸䛾䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸኱㑰Ꮿ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ఏ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊ᩥ໬ᗇ䛾䛄ᩥ໬㑇⏘䜸䞁䝷䜲䞁䛅㼇ᩥ໬ᗇ䠄㻞㻜㻞㻞䠅㼉䛻䜘䜛䛸⌧Ꮡ䛩䜛ᗞᅬ䜢䛂㐀Ⴀ䛧䛯➨ 㻝㻟 ௦ᙜ୺䛾ᩥኴ㑻䛿䠈Ꮫᰯ䠈ಖ೺⾨⏕᪋タཬ䜃㎰ᮧඹྠ᪋タ➼䛾ᘓタ䜢䛿䛨䜑䠈⚾㈈䜢ᢞ䛨䛶ᩘከ䛟䛾஦ᴗ䜢ᒎ㛤䛧㧗᲍ᮧ䛾Ⓨᒎ䛻኱䛝䛟㈉⊩䛧䛯䠊ᗞᅬ䛿䠈᫂἞ 㻞㻥 ᖺ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻢䠅䛾㟈⅏䛻䜘䜚ᐙᒇ䛜ಽቯ䛧䛯䛾䜢ᶵ఍䛻䠈⪔ᆅᩚ⌮஦ᴗ䛸ྜ䜟䛫䛶ᡤ᭷ᆅ䜢㞟⣙䞉ᩚ⌮䛧䛶ᒇᩜᆅ䜢ᣑᙇ䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䜢䛿䛨䜑᪥ᮏྛᆅ䛻䛚䛔䛶බᅬཬ䜃ಶேఫᏯ䛾㐀ᅬ䜢ᡭ䛜䛡䛯㏆௦㐀ᅬ䛾♽䠈㛗ᒸᏳᖹ䛾ຓຊ䜢ᚓ䛶᫂἞᫬௦ᮎ㡭䜎䛷䛻ᇶᮏⓗ䛺ᆅ๭䛜㐀Ⴀ䛥䜜䠈኱ṇᖺ㛫䛻䛚䛚䜐䛽᏶ᡂ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊⌧ᅾ୍⯡䛻බ㛤䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚ᕷẸ䛾᠁䛔䛾ሙ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌ụ⏣Ặ䛸䛾ㄯヰ䛷䛂⚾䛜䜰䝯䝸䜹ே䛰䛸䜟䛛䛳䛶䠈ᕪ䛧㏕䛳䛯኱⤫㡿㑅ᣲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᝟ሗ䜢▱䜚䛯䛜䜚䠈䛭䜜䛜᪥ᮏ䛾⤒῭䛻䛹䛖ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛛䠈⚾䛾ពぢ䜢ồ䜑䛯䛃䛸䛒䜛䠊㻌㧗᲍䛛䜙 㻞 䝬䜲䝹䜋䛹䛷኱᭤䛾⏫䛻ᡠ䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈ゼၥグ䛿⤊䜟䜚䠈䛭䜜௨㝆䛾ᖐ㊰䛾グ㏙䛿䛺䛔䠊ᩥᮎ䛷䛿䛂ᭀ㢼䜔㞾㞵䛿䠈䛭䛾᥋㏆䛜ண▱䛷䛝䜛䛜䠈ᆅ㟈䛿䛔䛴㉳䛝䜛䛛䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䛧䠈䛔䛴⤊䜟䜛䛛䜒䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䠊ᆅ㟈䜢䜘䛟▱䛳䛶䛔䜛⪅䜋䛹䛭䜜䜢ᛧ䛜䜛䠊⮬↛⏺䛾䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺␗ኚ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈䛸䜛䜉䛝ែᗘ䛿஧㏻䜚䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰୍㏵䛻ᜍ䜜䛚䛾䛾䛟䛛䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿኱䛧䛶Ẽ䛻䛫䛪↓㛵ᚰ䛷䛔䜛䛛䛷䛒䜛䠊᪥ᮏே䛿኱᢬䠈ᚋ⪅䛾䜋䛖䛷䠈ᙼ䜙䛾⢭⚄ⓗ≉ᚩ䜢䜘䛟⾲䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊᪥ᮏே䛿ఱ䛛஦䛻䜆䛴䛛䜛䛸䠈䜘䛟䛂௙᪉䛜䛺䛔䛃䠄䛹䛖䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䛺䛔䠈䛾ព䠅䛊㼠㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼕㼟㻌㼚㼛㼠㼔㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼛㻌㼎㼑㻌㼐㼛㼚㼑㻧㻌㼕㼠㻌㼏㼍㼚㻓㼠㻌㼎㼑㻌㼔㼑㼘㼜㼑㼐䛋䛸䛔䛖䛜䠈䛭䜜䛿ᙼ䜙䛜䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⤒㦂䜢⤒䛶䠈䛭䛾ᮏᙜ䛾ព࿡䛜䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䛛- 34 -

ቃ㻔᫨㣗㻕㻌㧗᲍ᮧ㻌⋢ᕝᶫ㻌༓ᒇᮧ㻌኱᭤⏫㻌⏿ᒇᮧ㻌භ㒓⏫㻌㻌ᅗ 㻠㻌 ⿕⅏ᆅᇦ䛸ゼၥ⏫ᮧ㻌Fig.4. Affected area and visited towns and village䡏.
㻌⾲ 㻟㻌 ᥖ㍕䛾෗┿䛸䛭䛾ฟ඾୍ぴ㻌
Table 3. List of photographs in the book and their source literatures㻌㻝㻌㻞㻌㻟㻌㻠㻌ヂᮏ㻌ᛂᛴ䛾⑓㝔㻌㝣⩚ᆅ㟈㻌ᆅ㟈䛷䛣䜟䜜䛯ᐙ㻌㝣⩚ᆅ㟈㻌ཎᮏ㻌㻱㼤㼠㼑㼙㼜㼛㼞㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌㼔㼛㼟㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌㼕㼚㻌㼍㻌㼟㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻙㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㻌㻯㼛㼙㼜㼘㼑㼠㼑㼘㼥㻌㼐㼑㼟㼠㼞㼛㼥㼑㼐㻌㻺㼛㻌㼠㼕㼠㼘㼑㻌㻭㼒㼠㼑㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㼝㼡㼍㼗㼑㻌䜙䛷䛒䜛䛃䛸⤖䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊ᅗ 㻠 䛻⿕⅏ᆅᇦ䛸ゼၥ⏫ᮧ䜢♧䛩䠊⫼ᬒᆅᅗ䛿 㻝㻤㻥㻜 ᖺ䠄᫂἞ 㻞㻟 ᖺ䠅Ⓨ⾜䛾 㻞㻜୓ศ䛾 㻝 ᆅໃᅗ䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊㻌㻌㻌㻡㻚㻣㻌 ᥖ㍕෗┿䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌㻌 ᮏᩥ୰䛻 㻠 ᯛ䛾෗┿䛜ᆅ㟈㛵㐃䛷ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊⾲ 㻟 䛻ヂᮏ䛚䜘䜃ཎᮏ䛾䜻䝱䝥䝅䝵䞁䛸෗┿䛾ฟ඾䜢♧䛩䠊෗┿ 㻟䠈㻠 䛿ᆅ㟈䛾ሗ࿌᭩䛺䛹䛷䛿ぢᙜ䛯䜙䛺䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊ⴭ⪅䛾᧜ᙳ䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛛୙ヲ䛷䛒䜛䠊๓㏙䛾ᗎᩥ䛻෗┿౑⏝䛾ㅰ㎡䛻 㻷㻚㻿㼡㼦㼡㼗㼕 Ặ䜈䛾ㅰ㎡䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈ே≀䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䛻䛿⮳䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌㻌෗┿䛾ฟ඾㻌⛅⏣㟈⅏ㄅ䠄㻝㻤㻥㻣䠅㻌 ᅗ 㻞㻜䠖௝໭㒆භ㒓㉥༑Ꮠ⑓㝔䛾ᅗ㻌௒ᮧ䠄㻝㻥㻝㻟䠅㻌 ᅗ 㻝㻢 ୖ䠖⏿ᒇᮧఫᐙ඲₽㻌୙᫂㻌୙᫂㻌㼲㻢㻚㻌 䜐䛩䜃㻌ᮏㄽ䛷䛿䠈ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ⦅㞟䛾䛄᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ⥆⿵㑇䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䛅䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠈እᅜேᐉᩍᖌ䛾 㻴㻚㻮㻚㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦 䛾ṧ䛧䛯 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾ᆅ㟈ぢ⪺グ䛻╔┠䛧䠈ཎᮏ䜢ཧ↷䛧ゎㄝ䜢ヨ䜏䛯䠊㻌㻌 ⴭ⪅䛿ᘯ๓䛾ᩍ఍䛻㉱௵୰䛻㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛻㐼㐝䛧䠈ᆅ㟈䛾 㻝㻜 ᪥ᚋ䛻ᘯ๓䛛䜙⛅⏣ᕷ䜢⤒䛶䠈⿕⅏ᆅ䛷䛒䜛⛅⏣┴኱᭤䞉භ㒓䞉⏿ᒇ䞉༓ᒇ䞉㧗᲍䜢ᕠ䜚⿕ᐖ䛾ᵝ┦䜢ඞ᫂䛻ఏ䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻌 ぢ⪺グ䜢ㄞ䜣䛷≉➹䛩䜉䛝Ⅼ䜢ิᣲ䛩䜛䛸䠈㻌㻝㻚ⴭ⪅䛿᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛⮬↛⅏ᐖ䛾ከ䛥䛻㛵ᚰ䜢ᣢ䛱䠈㻝㻤㻥㻜 ᖺ䛛䜙 㻝㻤㻥㻡 ᖺ䛾㛫䛻ᆅ㟈䞉ⅆᒣᄇⅆ䞉ὠἼ- 35 -䛜⥆䛡䛶㉳䛝䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ᣲ䛢䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻞㻚㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶䛾㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈኱ᆅ㟈䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈㉳䛝䛯ሙᡤ䛿ᮾி䛛䜙㞳䜜䛯ᒣ㛫㒊䛷ேᐙ䛜ᑡ䛺䛟䠈㉳䛝䛯᫬㛫䛜᫨㛫䛷ከ䛟䛜ᒇእ䛻䛔䛯䛯䜑䠈⿕ᐖ䛿ᑡ䛺䛟䛶䛩䜣䛰䛣䛸䜢≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻟㻚ᆅ㟈ᚋ 㻝㻜 ᪥┠䛻⿕⅏ᆅ䜈ฟⓎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ྠ⾜⪅䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㍕䛿䛺䛟䠈㏻ヂ䜒䛴䛡䛺䛔༢⊂⾜䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌㻠㻚⛣ື䛿ேຊ㌴䛷⛅⏣䜎䛷 㻟 ᪥䠈⛅⏣䛛䜙⿕⅏ᆅ䜈䛿 㻝 ᪥䛷⛣ື䛧䠈኱᭤䛻 㻝 Ἡ䛧⩣᪥࿘㎶䛾⏫ᮧ䜢ゼၥ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᖐ㊰䛾グ㍕䛿䛺䛔䠊㻌㻡㻚⛅⏣䛾ᐟ䛷䛿䠈ᐟ䛾୺ே䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾ᜥᏊ䛛䜙⿕⅏ᆅ䛾᝟ሗ䜢ᚓ䠈ேຊ㌴䠈኱᭤䛾ᐟ䛾ᡭ㓄䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻢㻚⿕ᐖ䛾ほᐹ䠈グ㏙䛿ヲ⣽䛛䛴ṇ☜䛷⿕ᐖሗ࿌᭩䛺䛹䛸ᩚྜ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻣㻚㐨୰䛾ᬒⰍ䜢䜘䛟ほᐹ䛧⡿ᅜ䛸䛾ẚ㍑䜢䛩䜛䛺䛹ホ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ჴ⏣䠈⸛䛾⏕⏘➼ᙜ᫬䛾≧ἣ䜢Ⰻ䛟⾲⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻤㻚㣗஦䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㏙䜒ヲ⣽䛷䠈ὒ㣗䜢ྵ䜐䛂䜒䛶䛺䛧䛃䜢ሓ⬟䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌㻥㻚ᩥᮎ䛷䛿䠈᪥ᮏே䛾⅏ᐖほ䛸䛧䛶䛂௙᪉䛜䛺䛔䛃䠄㼠㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼕㼟㻌㼚㼛㼠㼔㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼛㻌㼎㼑㻌㼐㼛㼚㼑㻧㻌㼕㼠㻌㼏㼍㼚㻓㼠㻌㼎㼑㻌㼔㼑㼘㼜㼑㼐䠅䜢ᣲ䛢䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌እᅜே䛻䜘䜛ᆅ㟈ぢ⪺グ䛿᪥ᮏே䛾ぢ⪺グ䛸䛿୍࿡㐪䛖᝟ሗ䜢᭷䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊እᅜே䛾どⅬ䛛䜙䛾ᙜ᫬䛾᫬௦⫼ᬒ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊Ꮡᅾ䛿⛥䛷䛒䜝䛖䛜௒ᚋ䛸䜒㢮ఝ䛾㈨ᩱ䛾Ⓨ᥀䛻ດ䜑䛶䛔䛝䛯䛔䠊㻌ㅰ㎡㻌ᮏ✏䛾సᡂ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䠈༏ྡ䛾ᰝㄞ⪅䛛䜙䠈ཎᮏ䛸ヂᮏ䛾ᑐẚ䜢ጞ䜑᭷┈䛺䛤ពぢ䜢ከᩘ㡬䛝䠈ᮏ✏䛾ෆᐜ䜢኱ᖜ䛻ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈⦅㞟ᢸᙜ䛾ⓑ▼╬ᘺẶ䛛䜙ᮾዟ⩏ሿ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾䛤ᣦ᦬䜢㡬䛝䠈ᮏ✏䛾ෆᐜ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊䛣䛣䛻グ䛧䛶ㅰព䜢⾲䛧䜎䛩䠊㻌㟷᳃┴䠈㻞㻜㻝㻤䠈➨ 㻡 ⠇䜻䝸䝇䝖ᩍᛮ᝿䛸ᩍ⫱䠈㟷᳃┴ྐ㏻ྐ⦅ 㻟䠈㻣㻝㻙㻤㻤㻚㻌ᩥ ໬ ᗇ 䠈 ᪧ ụ ⏣ Ặ ᗞ ᅬ 䠈 ᩥ ໬ 㑇 ⏘ 䜸 䞁 䝷 䜲 䞁 㻘㻌㼔㼠㼠㼜㼟㻦㻛㻛㼎㼡㼚㼗㼍㻚㼚㼕㼕㻚㼍㼏㻚㼖㼜㻛㼔㼑㼞㼕㼠㼍㼓㼑㼟㻛㼐㼑㼠㼍㼕㼘㻛㻞㻝㻤㻟㻠㻥䠄㻞㻜㻞㻞㻚㻝㻝㻚㻝 㜀ぴ䠅㻚㻌⸨ཎඃኴ㑻䠈㻞㻜㻜㻢䠈ᅵᮌᘓ⠏䛾㏆௦໬㑇⏘ 㻺㼛㻚㻡㻞 ⋢ᕝ ᶫ 䠈 ⛅ ᘓ ᫬ ሗ 䠈 㻝㻝㻡㻝 䠈 㻟 䠈 㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼍㻙㼗㼑㼚㼗㼥㼛㻚㼛㼞㻚㼖㼜㻛㼟㼔㼡㼗㼑㼚㻛㻜㻢㻝㻝㻛㼠㼛㼜㻚㼔㼠㼙㼘 䠄 㻞㻜㻞㻞㻚㻝㻝㻚㻝㜀ぴ䠅㻚㻌௒ᮧ᫂ᜏ䠈㻝㻥㻝㻟䠈᫂἞஧༑஑ᖺ䛾㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ሗ࿌䠈㻣㻣䠈㻣㻤㻙㻤㻣㻚㻌㙾࿡ὒྐ䞉Ỉ⏣ᩄᙪ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻣䠈䛄⏿ᒇᮧ㟈⅏᝺≧グ䛅䛻グ䛥䜜䛯 㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾㟈⅏䛾≧ἣ䛸ᑐᛂ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈䠈㻟㻟䠈㻝㻝㻙㻞㻥㻚㻌 㻌୕ᾆ᐀ḟ㑻䠈㻝㻤㻥㻟䠈࿃ጔᒣ◚⿣ㄪᰝᴫἣ䠈ᆅᏛ㞧ㄅ䠈㻡㻙㻡㻠䠈㻞㻢㻣㻙㻞㻣㻞㻚㻌Ỉ⏣ᩄᙪ䞉㙾࿡ὒྐ䠈㻞㻜㻜㻤䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㻚㻤㻚㻟㻝 㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾ᒾᡭ┴䛻䛚䛡䜛⿕ᐖ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ䠈᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ఍ᢏ⾡ሗ࿌㞟䠈㻝㻠㻙㻞㻤䠈㻢㻢㻡㻙㻢㻢㻤㻚㻌Ỉ⏣ᩄᙪ䞉㙾࿡ὒྐ䠈㻞㻜㻜㻥䠈㻝㻤㻥㻢㻚㻤㻚㻟㻝 㝣⩚ᆅ㟈䛾⛅⏣┴䛻䛚䛡䜛⿕ᐖศᕸ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ䠈᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ఍ᢏ⾡ሗ࿌㞟䠈㻝㻡㻙㻟㻜䠈㻡㻥㻣㻙㻢㻜㻜㻚㻌᪥ᮏᇶ╩ᩍᅋᘯ๓ᩍ఍ 㻴㻼㻘㻌 㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼔㼕㼞㼛㼟㼍㼗㼕㼏㼔㼡㼞㼏㼔㻚㻌㼟㼍㼗㼡㼞㼍㻚㼚㼑㻚㼖㼜㻛㼕㼚㼐㼑㼤㻚㼔㼠㼙㼘䠄㻞㻜㻞㻞㻚㻝㻝㻚㻝㻜 㜀ぴ䠅㻚㻌኱᳃ᡣྜྷ䠈㻝㻤㻥㻟䠈࿃ጔᒣᄇⅆ䛻㛵䛩䜛ጤဨ䛾ሗ࿌䠈㟈⅏ண㜵ㄪᰝ఍ሗ࿌䠈㻝䠈㻢㻜㻙㻢㻞㻚㻌㻿㼏㼔㼣㼍㼞㼠㼦㻘㻌 㻴㼑㼚㼞㼥 㻌 㻮㻘㻌 㻝㻥㻜㻤 䠈 㻌 㻵㼚㻌 㼀㼛㼓㼛 䇻 㼟㻌 㻯㼛㼡㼚㼠㼞㼥㻘㻌㻶㼑㼚㼚㼕㼚㼓㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻳㼞㼍㼔㼍㼙㻘㻌㻞㻟㻟㼜㼜㻚㻌ᓥὠஂ኱䞉㛗ᒸ⚈୕ヂ䠈㻝㻥㻤㻠䠈⸃ᦶᅜ⁫ᅾグ㻌 ᐉᩍᖌ䛾ぢ䛯᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ䠈᪂ே≀ ᮶♫䠈㻝㻤㻜㼜㼜㻚㻌ᮾி኱Ꮫᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䠈㻝㻥㻥㻟䠈᫂἞ 㻞㻥 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶ 㻟㻝 ᪥䠷㝣⩚䠹䠷⸃ᦶᅜ⁫ᅾグ䠉ᐉᩍᖌ䛾ぢ䛯᫂἞䛾᪥ᮏ䠹䠈᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ⥆⿵㑇䠈㻝㻜㻜㻢㻙㻝㻜㻝㻜䠊㻌㻌ὀ䠖䛄᪂཰᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ⥆⿵㑇䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䛅䛾ṇㄗ⾲㻌ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖㻝㻤㻥㻢 ᖺ㝣⩚ᆅ㟈㻌㻌㡫㻌㻝㻜㻜㻣 㡫ୖẁ㻌㻤 ⾜┠㻌㻝㻜㻜㻣 㡫ୗẁ㻌㻥 ⾜┠㻌㻝㻜㻜㻤 㡫ୖẁ㻌㻞㻟 ⾜┠㻌㻝㻜㻜㻥 㡫ୖẁ㻌㻥 ⾜┠㻌ㄗグ㻌ㄗ䠖᭷㞴䛛䛳䛯㻌ṇ䠖᭷䜚㞴䛛䛳䛯䠄㏦䜚௬ྡ䛾⬺Ꮠ䠅㻌ㄗ䠖ୣ୍㠃㯤㔠Ⰽ䛾㻌ṇ䠖ୣ୍㠃䛻㯤㔠Ⰽ䛾䠄ຓモ䛾⬺Ꮠ䠅㻌ㄗ䠖༗๓ 㻝 ᫬㻌ṇ䠖༗๓ 㻝㻝 ᫬䠄⬺Ꮠ䠅㻌ㄗ䠖㎞䛖䛨䛶㻌ṇ䠖㎞䛨䛶䠄㏦䜚௬ྡ䛾⾝Ꮠ䠅㻌༏ྡ䛾ᰝㄞ⪅䛾ᣦ᦬䛻ᇶ䛵䛝సᡂ㻌ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌⛅⏣㟈⅏ᩆ῭఍䠈㻝㻤㻥㻣䠈⛅⏣㟈⅏ㄅ䠈㻝㻢㻥䡌䡌㻚㻌- 36 -