Administration andManagement of Water Supply
Services (B)Country Reports
FY2023

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)Table of Contents
1. CAMBODIA ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2. MICRONESIA ................................................................................................................................... 14
3. NIGERIA ............................................................................................................................................. 28
4. SOUTH SUDAN ............................................................................................................................... 42
5.SRI LANKA (1) ................................................................................................................................. ..64
6. SRI LANKA (2) ................................................................................................................................. 91
7.TANZANIA ........................................................................................................................................109
8. UGANDA..........................................................................................................................................127

1. CAMBODIA

Cambodia

Inception ReportCountry : Cambodia
Organization : Siem Reap Water Supply Authority
Name : VAN Sosamneang

1. Outline of Water Supply Service
1.1 Legal Basis of Water Supply Service
Siem Reap Water Supply Authority is to a public enterprise called SRWSA with administrative &financial autonomy by Sub-Decree of Royal Government of Cambodia on 10 January 2007 toentirely operate the water supply infrastructures in Siem Reap City and to implement thecommercial and financial operations to achieve its mission independently.
1.2 Demarcation of Water Supply Service
Cambodia have four Ministry in charge of water management, water treatment and water supply
management:Ministry of Public Works and Transport: Waste water and sewage management
Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology & Innovation: Urban water supply (as like
SRWSA)
Ministry of Rural Development: Rural water management
Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology: Water resource management.

1.3 Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities
Water supply utilities in Cambodia consists of public water utilities and private operators. For the
public water utilities, all are autonomous bodies established by the Sub-dree of the Royal
Government of Cambodia lead by a Board of Directors and have two supervision ministries which
are Ministry of Industry, Science, Technology and Innovation (Technical), and Ministry of
Economy and Finance (Finance). Siem Reap Water Supply Authority is one of the Public water
utilities have its mission to produce and supply water in Siem Reap city and its surrounding areas.
For Private Operator is water supply utility operated by a individual person or a company underlicense issued by MISTI.
1.4 Miss/Vision of Water Supply Utilities
SRWSA is responsible for producing and effectively providing clean water to all citizens of Siem
reap City.
1.5 Your Mission/Vision in your organization
Become the one of middle manager have a voice and value at the same level as a man.

1

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

1|Page2. Water Supply Service Levels
2.1 Main Performance Indicators (Year 2022) (PI)Coverage area-

Population served38%Collection ratio

98%
30,000m3/day

Production capacity
Supply duration

24H/7

Supply pressure

2.5 bars

Non-Revenue water

9.55%

Water quality

Compliance with drinking water quality standard

Staff number

164

Number of connections

18,588Staff/1000 connections

8.82

2.2 Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)
Production ratio (Daily production / Production capacity)

67%

Coverage ratio (Population served / Total population)

59%

Billing ratio (Number of bill out / Total connection)

81%

Cost of goods sold$ 0.50

Average selling price$ 0.46

3. Management of Water Quality
3.1 Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
As SRWSA have recently operated the new treatment plant that take the water source from Tonle
Sap lake: In dry season: It faces some challenges with water quality such as high turbidity, color, andespecially algae bloom that is difficult to treat and also effected to the drinking water
quality. And other point, it makes the high production cost when using a lot of chemical
dosing like PAC for coagulant and chlorine for disinfection.
 In wet season: Not have much problem for water quality because this time is low of
turbidity, color and also algae…, so it not so difficulty to treat the raw water, it just controls
carefully on chemical dosing.
3.2 Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
 Control carefully on water quality: Raw water, during production and treated water.
 Strictly control on chemical dosing rate.
 Cleaning the treatment basin especially sedimentation basin regularly.
3.3 Any Achievements
 Use less of chemical dosing rate (now) Get better water quality day by day

2

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

2|Page3.4 Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water


The water quality compliance with drinking water quality standard.

3.5 Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization /Regulatory Body / Independent Institution / Others

Drinking water quality standard guidelineStandard Operation Procedure of water quality analysis (SOP)
Online for water quality control that show the result on SCADA system

3.6 Implementation of Water Safety Plans
SRWSA just implemented our water safety plan but did not fully complete and use it.
4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
4.1 Current Situation and Major Challenges / Problems
From 2019 to 2022, Due to the rehabilitation of 38 roads in Siem Reap it's a huge impact for NRWof SRWSA as like: More than 10 construction sites working the same time
 NRW team have only 11 persons
 Technical staff to operate leakage detection still limited
 Some of our DMA are not working so a bit difficult to measure block consumption.
4.2 Current Actions against Those Challenges / Problems
To reduce our challenges with NRW or Water losses, SRWSA has SOP and actions as a routine
for NRW’s team: Daytime to find water leakage
 Night step test every Friday night Keep finding opportunities to send our staff to knowledge abroad and other experts
 Contribute and on job training for the new technical to our staff.
4.3 Any Achievements

Maintain NRW level below than 10%
Gain more technical staff for Water leakage.

4.4 Constitution of NRW (Year 2022)

Water Supply

Revenue water(6,646,156 m3)
90.45%

Authorized
consumption(6,655,628 m3)
90.58%

7,348,140m3
Water losses(692,512 m3)
9.42%

Non-Revenue Water(NRW)(701,984 m3)
9.55%

3

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

Billed authorized
consumption

6,646,156 m3
90.45%

Unbilled authorized
consumption

9,472 m3
0.13%

Apparent losses

221,747 m3
3.02%

Physical losses

470,765 m3
6.40%

3|Page4.5 Situations about Leakage Detection Measures (DMA etc.)
From 2005 to 2022, we divided our service area into 4 zones within 4 DMA or 4 Flow water
matters but from 2017 some DMA are broken and not working. So, by JICA loan in 2023 we
installed and divided our server area into 7 zones within 7 DMA.
5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
5.1 Water Tariff in SRWSAFrom 2017 till now, SRWSA has been using a block tariff system (Affordable tariff system) with anaverage water tariff bill of around $ 0.48/m3 (Domestic at $0.35/m3 and commercial at $0.65/m3).
Type of Tariff

Consumption rate

Tariff0 – 3m3$ 0.223$ 0.243$ 0.37

4 – 7mDomestic

8 - 15m

16 - 30m3$ 0.443$ 0.49Over 30m
0 - 50m
Commercial

3

Domestic and
Administration Publiccustomer$ 0.463$ 0.593$ 0.71

Over 350m3$ 0.8351 - 150m

Type of Customer

151 - 350m

Commercial customer

5.2 Balance Sheet of SRWSASTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION$1=4,100៛

As at 31 December 2022

Note
ASSETS
Non-current
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible asset
Loan receivable

6
7
8

Current
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Other current assets
Cash and cash equivalents

$

$
$
$
$

69,669,947
9,510
196,730
69,876,187

9
10
11
12

$
$
$
$
$
$

1,593,417
102,710
145,516
6,726,513
8,568,156
105,203,303

$
$
$
$
$
$

1,536,557
79,66557,631
650,3312,324,184
72,200,370

13
14

$
$
$

5,485,265
5,506,352
8,287,714$$$

5,491,563
5,506,352
1,467,026

4

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)$$

For the year ended
31-Dec-21

96,631,330
3,818
96,635,147

TOTAL ASSETSEQUITY AND LIABILITIESEQUITY
Share capital
Reserves
Accumulated profits

For the year ended
31-Dec-22

4|PageTOTAL EQUITY$

19,279,331$

12,464,941

LIABILITIES
Non-current
Borrowings
Long term deposit
Deferred tax liabilities

15
16
17

$
$
$
$

79,645,272
395,930
509,738
80,550,940

$
$
$
$

58,832,542
326,346
509,738
59,668,626

Current
Trade and other payables
Current tax liabilities

18
19

$
$
$

5,352,665
20,367
5,373,032$$$

37,52329,28066,803$$85,923,972
105,203,303$$

59,735,430
72,200,370

TOTAL LIABILITIESTOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

1.1. Profit and Loss Statement of SRWSASTATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME$1 = 4,100៛

For the year ended 31 December 2022
Note

For the year ended
31 December 2022

20
21
22

$
$
$

Revenue
Water sales
Service fees
Other income$
Expenses
Salaries, Wages and relate expense
Raw materials for water treatment
Materials for household water connection
Repair and maintenanceElectricity expense
Depreciation and amortization charge
Other operating expenses

21
24
25

6,7

Profit (loss) from operation
Finance income
Finance costs

26
26

Profit (loss) before income tax
Income tax expense
Net profit (loss) for the year

27

Other comprehensive income
Foreign exchange gain - net

28

Total comprehensive income for the year

5

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

3,036,507
396,911770,367
4,203,785

For the year ended 31
December 2021$$$

2,324,183
347,791
379,056
3,051,030

$

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

(1,143,880)(281,850)(253,124)(68,875)(324,314)(982,920)(276,298)

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

(1,153,567)(174,514)(220,681)(46,418)(303,162)(1,028,472)(634,640)$(3,331,261)$(3,561,454)

$
$
$
$
$
$

872,5248,231(295,552)
585,204(36,131)549,072

$
$
$
$
$
$

(510,424)
7,477(267,644)(770,591)(30,585)(801,177)$

6,271,616$

3,220,263$

6,820,688$

2,419,086

5|Page6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water Supply
SRWSA has remarkable achievements in improvement of water supply include (i) The waterproduction capacity has increased from 30 000 m3/day in 2019 to 90 000 m3/day in 2023 after thecompletion of the water treatment plan constructed under JICA loan and this production capacity
can cover water demand until 2030, (ii) The distribution network has increased from 240 Km in2019 to about 828 Km in September 2023, and (iii) Total number of connections has increased
from 11,033 connections in 2019 to about 23 257 connections in September 2023. As the results,
the current water supply coverage has increased to about 59% with the total population of about
162,799 persons served water supply from SRWSA. The water pressure in distribution networks
can be maintained at least 2 bar across the distribution networks. Moreover, SRWSA is able tosupply water to development areas of Run Tak Ek and Peak Sneng as well as new international
airport which are about 40 km from the city. The NRW has remained at below 10% such as 9,55%
in 2022 and expected 7% in this 2023.
7. Recent Challenges to Improve Water Supply Service
The recent challenges to improve water supply service of SRWSA are as follows:Expansion of distribution networks: SRWSA need to expand its distribution networks atleast 800 km from 2024 to 2030 in order to reach the target of the Royal Government of
Cambodia to provide 100% of population with access to water supply. This expansion of
distribution needs a big investment but the return will be low because the network mostly
expanded in the sub-urban areas with low density and mostly domestic use. On other hand,
SRWSA have extensively expanded distribution network from about 240 km length in2019 to around 820km length in 2023. Remarkably, in the recent years, the pipe network
is expanded about 40km away from city to the outskirts. That, it will be a quite challenge
to effectively control the water leakage and water pressure management.
Financial Burden: The finance condition of SRWSA has serious impacted by the Covid19, Economy crisis and the War in Ukraine. The commercial water consumption which
can generate profits of SRWSA has dramatically decreased from 2020 due to decrease of
number of tourists. Currently, the number of tourists has increased but still slow and insmall numbers. At the same time, the expenditures of SRWSA have dramatically increased
from year to year because of payment for interests and principles of loans fromdevelopment partners, increase of operation and maintenance costs etc.
Increase of Production Costs: The production cost increases after operating the new water
treatment plant because of high electrical and chemical consumptions and the increase ofmaterial/chemical costs. While, the increase/revision of water tariff seems not be allowedby the government.

8. Expectations toward Japan
8.1. Expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA
JICA is a main development partner to supports for water supply improvement in Cambodia.
Particularly, SRWSA has a long-time cooperation with JICA by receiving Japanese/JICA financial
supports for water supply expansion projects including technical assistances. SRWSA expects that

6

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

6|PageJapanese Government and JICA to continue to provide these financial and technical supports to
SRWSA.
8.2. Expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities
We expect to have supports from Japanese Water Utilities continuously such as assistances fortechnical and managerial capacity building and exchanges of experiences for better water supply
operation and management.
8.3. Expectations toward Japanese Private Companies
Our expectation toward Japanese Private Companies is to be a partner for water supply service
improvement, technology and technical exchanges, contractors and suppliers etc. On the hand, wewish Japanese companies make more investment on water supply sectors in Cambodia.
9. Expectations toward the Program
9.1. Expectations of SRWSA’s
We expect that our nominated official will learn more knowledge from the Co-Creation Program
to enhance her capacities on the administration and management of water supply services to help
improvement of our services in the future.
9.2. Your expectation, any comments and requests are appreciatedI wish to understand deeply about better management and administration of water supply services
from the Co-Creation Program. It is a great opportunity to hear from the Japanese experts about
their experiences to gain more knowledge to contribute to improving water supply services at my
authority and our country.

7

Inception Report of Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)

7|PageAdministration and Management of Water Supply (B)Inception Report ofSiem Reap Water Supply Authority

1. Country : Cambodia
2. Name: VAN Sosamneang

3. Position : Director of Internal Audit Unit

Contents
1. Overview
2. Success story of SRWSA
3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of SRWSA
4. Expectation toward the program8

1 Overview
Siem Reap City-Province

More than 5 million
tourists/year in 2019

Thousands of temples

CultureAccommodations

Shopping- Total Population of SR Province: 1,191,995 (Approx.
257,625 HHs)
- Total Population of SR City: 276,258 (Approx. 58,922 HHs)
- Tourists: About 5 Millions before Covid-19 (2019)

Water resources:
groundwater, river and lake

1 Overview
Siem Reap Water Supply Authority (SRWSA)
Become to a public enterprise on 10 January 2007
Guardian Ministries: Ministry of Industry, Science,
Technology & Innovation and Ministry of Economic
and Finance.
Vision: Responsible for producing and effectively
providing clean water to all citizens of Siem Reap City.

9

1 Overview
Main Performance Indicators
No

INDICATORS

2017

2022

Planning(2027)

2017

2022

Planning(2027)

1

Population served

23%

38%

80%

11 Production

93%

67%

73%

2

Collection ratio

90%

98%

98%

13 Coverage ratio

23%

34%

80%

3

Production capacity

14 Billing ratio

89%

81%

90%

4

Supply duration

24H/7

24H/7

24H/7

15 Cost of goods sold$ 0.43$ 0.50$ 0.505

Supply pressure

1.5 bars

2.5 bars

2.5 bars

16 Average selling price$ 0.53$ 0.46$ 0.506

Non-Revenue water

6.15%

9.55%

8%

7

Water quality

8

Staff number

92

164

183

9

Number of connections

7,967

18,58846,58810 Staff/1000 connections

11.5

8.8

3.9

17,500m3/day 30,000m3/day 90,000m3/day

No

INDICATORS

Compliance with drinking water quality
standard

2. Success story of SRWSA
Well solution impact of 38-Road Construction
Short notice by the government for construction
The road construction works were done at the same time with many
construction teams
Pipe installation could be done only in a short period allowed by road
construction contractors
Locations for pipe installation mostly changed from the original design
Some lines need to be rerouted. For some roads, pipe installation was
not planned by the Project but required to do.

10

2. Success story of SRWSA
Using block tariff system (Affordable tariff)

Maintain NRW level below than 10%

Type of Tariff

Consumption rate

Tariff

0 3m3$ 0.227m3$ 0.248 - 15m3$ 0.3716 - 30m3$ 0.44

Over 30m3$ 0.494%

0 - 50m3$ 0.46

2%

51 - 150m3$ 0.59151 - 350m3$ 0.71

Over 350m3$ 0.8316%
13.49%

14%

11.37%

12%
10%

9.71%

9.71%

8.70%
7.59%

8%

6.73%

6.15%

8.88%

4
9.55%

Domestic

6.49%

6%

6.78%

Commercial

0%2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Type of Customer

Domestic and
Administration PubliccustomerCommercial customer

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of SRWSA
The recent challenges to improve water supply service of
SRWSA are as follows:
Water quality such as high turbidity in dry season forsurface water
Expansion of distribution networks: SRWSA need to expand
its distribution networks at least 800 km from 2024 to 2030
Increase of Production Costs: The production cost increases
after operating the new water treatment plant.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY WATER DEMAND PROJECTION AND
AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION (M3)11

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of SRWSA
Financial Burden: The finance condition of$14,000,000

SRWSA has serious impacted by the Covid-$12,000,000

19, Economy crisis and the War in Ukraine.

$10,000,000

The commercial water consumption which$8,000,000

cangenerate

profitsof

SRWSA$12,070,108$10,501,515$12,107,965$10,881,706$9,302,853$5,240,555

has$6,000,000

dramatically decreased from 2020 due to$4,000,000

decrease of number of tourists.

Financial situation$2,831,718$3,626,813$3,352,398$3,381,311$2,000,000$5,393,163$4,212,016$3,813,067$549,072$439,675$427,571$0

2017($2,000,000)

2018$30,286$122,086
2019

2020

$(170,766)

2021

2022

2023

2024

($4,000,000)

Expence

2026

2027

$(939,707)$(801,177)$(3,160,574)

Income2025$(1,896,315)

Net Profit

4. Expectations toward the programI

We expect that our nominated official will learn more knowledge from the Co-Creation Program toenhance her capacities on the administration and management of water supply services to help
improvement of our services in the future.
II

I wish to understand deeply about better management andadministration of water supply services from the Co-Creation
Program. It is a great opportunity to hear from the Japaneseexperts about their experiences to gain more knowledge tocontribute to improving water supply services at my authority
and our country.

12Thanks for Your Attention

13

2. MICRONESIA

Micronesia

14

15

16

17

18

19

Kosrae Island, Federated State ofMicronesia
Hairom Livaie
Customer Service Supervisor
Kosrae Utility Authority
1

Outline of Water Supply Services for KUA
Under the Tripartite Agreement with the following entities &responsibilities:
Kosrae State Government-Operation & Maintenance and repayment of
the ADB Loan
Kosrae Utility Authority-Tariff and Collection of water usage from thecommunity
Utwe Municipal Government-Public Awareness and fixing the domestic
leak from the meter to the household

202Omnibus Project
Funded Water Supply Project of Utwe MC area by AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB)
Project call for Potable Water to serve 500 Household
Project started in June 12, 2016
Completed September 2018
Project Cost 2.7 Million USD
Commissioning of the Project turn to Kosrae State
Government in 2019 to act on Tripartite agreement with theother responsible parties3

Six (6) Water System in Kosrae
Kosrae State Government Owned System
1. Tofol Water System
2. Okat Water System
3. Utwe Water Treatment Plan
Local Government Owned System
4. Lelu Water System
5. Malem Water System
6. Tafunsak Water System

214Graphical Map for Kosrae

5

Background
Whole Country
Area : _42.3_____km2
Population:_6,663_Habitants
Coverage Water Supply:__25%
Utwe Water Supply System/ Kosrae
Service Area: __11.0___km2
Population Served:_250__ million/ thousand

22

6

Level of Service Utwe Water Supply
INDICATORS

2018 or 2020

Goals for 2025

Staff/ 1,000 connections

2

6

Production
capacity(m3/day)

500

750

Water quality

WHO / EPA

WHO Guidelines/ EPA

Coverage area

75%

95%

Supply duration(hr/day)

12

18

Supply pressure

2.5bars

2.5bars

Number of connections

100

250

NRW

55%

20%

Collection ratio

50%

85%

Staff

2

6
7

Success Story of Utwe Water Supply Service
Functionality :Water Intake located at the Palustrik River is functioning well
River bed dynamic filter is functioning in accordance with the design
parameters & able to cater 160 g.p.m pumping to WTP. Pump capacity &operating efficiency is in order
Water Pump function well to the Roughing & Slow Sand Filters as thePrimary & Secondary treatment units
Both Roughing Filters ( 02 units) and SSF ( 02 units ) are in working orderfor the design rate of filtration process.
Slightly greenish color in SSF inflows but the filter outflows in high quality
with crystal clear water. Bacteriological quality is up to the satisfaction of
EPA standard.

23

8Transferring of Utwe Water System

Agreement with the Kosrae State Government
Prior for Transferring the System the following should be
met:
System should be function well
Based on the KUA Board of Director Resolution
Transferring of Asset
Sufficient Capital to sustain the operation

9

Challenges to Improve the Water Supply Services
Challenges of the Non-Revenue Water reduction
Outreach to the Community to obtain theirconsensus & behavioral change for reliable potablewater facility
Domestic Leak in the household service lines anddemand management with water conservation
Improvement of main water pipe leakage
Tariff rate & regular bill payments:

24

10

11

25

12

Expectations toward the Program
My expectation for this program
Learn the success story for the country the challenges and issues of thewater supply services
Gain knowledge from the Japan Water Supply Service
Able to acquire acknowledge from other PIC

Expectation from my superior:
Able to learn from other country especially Japan good story and learn asmuch to improve the our new system
Improvement of the operation & maintenance of the system

13

Scale Up
Action Plan after Training (8 months)
Improve the damage main pipeline to reduce NRW along UMG with the
KSG
Community Outreach Program
Transferring Operation from KSG to KUAFunding Source to be finalized

26

14

Question !

Thank you!
Domo Arigato Goshaimus

1527

3. NIGERIA

Nigeria

28

29

30

31

32

33

Administration and management of Water
supply services (B)Inception Report Presentation

1. Country:
2. Name:
3. Position:
4. Organization:

Nigeria
Musa Dan-Hamidu
Chief Scientific Officer/Head of Management Information
System (MIS)FCT Water Board
1

Inception Report Content
Brief Background Information on Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory
Administration (FCTA)
Outline of Water Supply Services of the FCT Water Board
Success Story of Water Supply Services to the Federal Capital City by the
FCT Water Board

Recent Challenges to Improve Water Supply Services to the Federal Capital
City by the FCT Water Board
Expectation Towards the Water Supply Administration for Better
Management of Water Supply Services (B) Programme

34

2

Background Information on the Federal
Republic of Nigeria
Geography of Nigeria: Nigeria is located inWest Africa on the Gulf of Guinea and has
a total area of 923,768 km2
Population: As of 2022,
population was estimated at 230,842,743(Source: World Factbook 2023)
Capital: Federal Capital Territory - Abuja
Coverage of Water Supply: About 70 per
cent of Nigerians have access to basic
drinking water supply services (source
NBS 2019 WASH Norm Survey Findings)

Flag

Coat of Arms
3

Background Information on the Federal
Capital Territory (FCT) - Abuja
Geography: the FCT is geographically situated at
the heart of Nigeria. It has total area of 1,476 km2
and elevation of 360m. The FCT has an estimatedpopulation of 3,564,126 as of 2022. (source:
Wikipedia and World Data Atlas 2023)
The Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA)
was created on 31st December 2004 following the
scrapping of the Ministry of the Federal Capital
Territory (MFCT).
The FCTA having a dual status as a Ministry and a
State is in charge of administering physical andeconomic development to the Federal Capital
Territory (the capital city of Nigeria.)
The Administration is overseen by a Honorable
Minister appointed by the President of Nigeria. The
Minister is assisted by a Honorable Minister ofState.

Flag

Seal
35

4

Outline of Water Supply Services of the
FCT Water BoardYear
Coverage Area
Population ServedCollection ratio
Production capacity
Supply duration
Non-Revenue Water
Staff number
Number of connections

2023
784,00(sq. km)
1,073,840
40.9(%)
720,000 (m3/day)24(hr/day)
50.3(%)
1,225
59,495

Staff/1,000 connections

20.6

The FCT Water Board was established in
October 1989, first as FCT Water Resources
Agency and changed to FCT Water Board in1990. On 20th December 2017, its
Establishment Act was promulgated andfinally gazetted on 27th November 2020 withthe objective of producing safe, adequate andaffordable water supply services to theresidents of the Federal Capital Territory,
Abuja.

5

Outline of Water Supply Services of the
The mandates of the FCT Water Board against others include the followings:
Ensure the supply of adequate and potable water throughout the Territory at reasonable charges.
Manage and maintain all capital works, water services facilities and new water services assets in the
Territory either directly or pursuant to PPP agreements with private participants, or by raising necessary
funds from other sources subject to the provisions of the FCTWB Act.
Prepare for the approval of the Minister, plans for the maintenance and development of water supply
services, water service assets and new water service assets in the Territory (Development Plans).
Identify and implement projects for the delivery of water supply services which may be undertaken withprivate sector participation, pursuant to consultation with relevant authorities, to fulfil the water service
obligations of the Board.
To manage and maintain existing waterworks within the Territory particularly to the various Area Councils
and maintaining limited supervising capacity.
Manage and control waterworks for public, domestic, industrial and general purposes in the Territory.

36

6Outline of Water Supply Services of the
The FCT Water Board delivers its mandate through an organized government structure overseen by aGoverning Board and lead by a General Manager who oversees 7 Units directly under his office, 5
Departments and 16 District Commercial Offices:7

Outline of Water Supply Services of the

Major activities of the Board are the production of potable water, its
transmission, storage and distribution to various types of customers
within the FCT who are billed for revenue collection.
The
relies on surface water from the lower Usuma Dam(LUD) which
has a capacity of 100Mm3. The
raw water is also augmented through an
Inter Basin Water Transfer from Gurara Dam with capacity of 880Mm3. Theinter basin transfer is achieved through a 75km DI pipe with diameter
Raw Water from the LUD is treated by 4 Treatment Plants with a combined
capacity of 60,000m3/hr. Treated water is transported through thetrunkmains to 4 Storage Tanks with combined capacity 133,000m3 which supply
water to various districts of the FCT.
37

8

Outline of Water Supply Services of the9Outline of Water Supply Services of theLower Usuma Dam Reservoir (100Mm3 Capacity)

Lower Usuma Dam Reservoir GIS Imagry

Gurara Multipurpose Dam (880Mm3 Capacity)
Gurara Dam Water discharging directly into LUD
through the outlet structure
38

10Phases 3 & 4 Water Treatment Plant

Phases 1 & 2 Water Treatment Plant

1.5m diameter ductile iron transmission
trunkline to Tank 5

Water Storage Tank in the FCC

11

Water Supply Metrics of the
FCT Water Board
INDICATORS

2022

2023

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

20

20.6

15

Production capacity (m3/day)

720,000

720,000

720,000

Water quality

Good(meets WHO Standards)

Good(meets WHO Standards)

Good(meets WHO Standards)

Coverage area

784Km2784Km2784Km224

24

24

Supply pressure

1MPA

1MPA

1MPA

Number of connections

58,92659,49570,000

NRW

52.5%

50.3%

39.9%

Collection ratio

36%

42%

70%

Staff number

1,225

1,225

1,225

Supply duration(hr/day)

39

12

FCT Water Board Water Supply Service Success Story
The FCT Water Board in its efforts to improve on its water supply services to the Federal Capital City (FCC), has achieved numerous successes
especially with the support and cooperation of JICA. Through JICAs interventions, FCT Water Board has been able:
1. Create and implement its Medium-Term Strategic Plan on NRW Reduction (2023-2027) which has various operational activities
2. Carryout and implement key outputs from JICA Supported Business Advisory Project
3. Develop and deploy SmartBills innovative technology platform to automate the FCTWBs 3-Business Cycle (Meter Reading, Billing and eCollections.

Repairs of aged and faulty water infrastructure

Repairs of faulty data loggers and flow meters

Quick detection of customer meter bypass

Training and re-training of staff

13
Monitoring of Customers Payments and Revenue through SmartBills

69.2% Revenue Growth from 2019 to 2023 through SmartBills Implementation

Challenges Facing the FCT Water Board on Further Improvement of
its Water Supply Service
Despite the numerous successes witnessed by the FCT Water Board there still exist a number of challenges that are retarding the Board from
actualizing its full potential. A few of these include:
1. High number of Illegal connections to water infrastructure.
2. Lack of water metering policy, optimal metering and Billing methods
3. Under funding and little political will from Government
4. Lack of staff professional training and certification in area of operations
5. Aged water infrastructure
6. High NRWAged pipes

High NRW

Poor customer metering

Illegal Connections to Water Infrastructure40

14Expectation Towards the Water Supply Administration for Better Management of
Water Supply Services (B) Programme

1.

Acquisition of knowledge through mutual best practice sharing in the area of Human Resource Management:
Best practices and strategies for institutionalized human capital development and certification for all water utility staff
in water supply administration and services
Best practices and strategies for staff mentoring and motivation to enshrine professionalism in staff conduct when
discharging their duties

2.

Acquisition of knowledge through mutual best practice sharing in the area of Sustainable Financing, Public Private Partnershipand Investor/Investment Engagement:
Best practices, strategies and models for sustainable financing of water utility administration, operations andmaintenanceBest practices and strategies on Public Private Partnership and Investor/Investment Engagement in the area ofcommercial operations, outsourcing of selected operation segments to enhance efficiency in service delivery if any
Best practices and strategies in engaging investors/investment to augment financing for enhanced service delivery

3.

Acquisition of knowledge through mutual best practice sharing in the area of Information Technology deployment for effective
administration and operations management
Best practices, strategies and models for choice of technology in commercial operations ie metering, customer
management, billing, revenue collection and management, GISBest practices and strategies on technology choice for distribution network monitoring and management for reduced
NRW
Best practices and strategies on technology choice for production monitoring and management
Best practices and strategies on technology choice for overall data collection, management and analysis for planningand insight forecasting for Water Supply Administration and Services

4.

Acquisition of knowledge through mutual best practice sharing in the area of Water Infrastructure Management and Maintenance:
Best practices and strategies in funding and carrying for water pipe maintenance and replacement of aging pipes
Best practices and strategies on surveillance of water infrastructure
Best practices and new innovation in reduction of NRW
1541

4. SOUTH SUDAN

South Sudan

42

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50

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55

Administration and management of Water supply
services (B)21st January-3rd February 2024
Gabriel Majok Bol
South Sudan

1

2

56

Geographical features, total population, social andeconomic status and climate
Location: South Sudan is located in East Africa
Area: 644329km2
Population estimation:
12.1 Million People
Climate: tropical rainforest
Vegetation: Equatorial forest, Grassland region

3

Geographical information of Juba city/town

Juba is in Central equatoria state
located at 4 52' north of the equator and 31 36' east longitude in Central Equatoria

457Name of organization: organization chart, number of employees etc
Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

Established in 2006 during interim period of Comprehensives Peace Agreement (CPA)
It Ministry have 350 staff, both classified and unclassified.
Six directorate namely Administration and Finance, Hydrology and Survey, Water
Resources Management, Rural Water Supply, Hygiene and Sanitation, Irrigation andDrainage and Planning and programming.
It has South Sudan urban water cooperation as one of its main branch in Juba andestablish ed headquarter in each of state of South Sudan.

5

It has an altitude of 460m above sea level
Population: About 800,000.
Population served: 71,612
Water supply coverage:15%

658

Some of untapped Natural resources within the country
and Agroforestry

Petroleum, Iron ore, Zinc, Gold, Cupper, Chromium, Tungsten and Silver
Agroforestry
Teak Trees, Mahogany Trees, Africa Gum, Mango fruits, Groundnuts,
Papaya, Maize, Rice and Sorghum(Dura)
Other natural features of great important
River Nile, Water falls, and many other small stream both seasonal andperennial, Sudd, Wild life reserves, Game parks i.e. Nimule and Buma
national parks

7

Available utilities within the country
Juba Station

The government of South Sudan have a cordial relationship with Japanese people, theministry of water resources and irrigation have secured very important developmental
programs under JICA, e.g. Construction of only existing Water treatment plan in Juba,
Modern bridges such as Freedom Bridge across the Nile River and piping of water to theresidential areas expected to be implemented very soon, development of Agriculture
development master plan (IDMP) and many more assistances of high values.

859Urban Water Distribution and treatment plan

The urban water distribution system is a joyfully awaited
developmental program funded by the people of Japan andengineered JICA under urban water cooperation main branches ofministry of water resources and irrigation.
The facility was meant to reduce water shortage face by the Jubacity since the creation of South Sudan, it was due to be completed
by September 2017 but the impact of current conflict may interferewith the time line.

9

10

60

LEAKAGE RECORDING/MAPPING FOR JUBA DISTRIBUTION11

Map of customers in Juba

12

61

13

Challenges
Very expensive
power
Flooding.
Low food production.
Climate change
Low number of capacitated staff due to the turnover of skilled staff.
High water loose due to lack none revenue water equipment
Low technology in term of water treatment and purification
High rate of water contamination
Poor operation and maintenance of facilities
Lack of diversified economics on water
Very low treated water coverage
Lack of billing system
Dependency on government O&M and subsidies
None payment of water bill by Government offices
No modern water information database in the country.
Insecurity, both tribal and political motivated violence across the states
14

62

Thank you
Questions?

1563

5. SRI LANKA (1)Sri Lanka

K.T.T.K Premaratne

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

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85

86

87

88

89

90

6. SRI LANKA (2)Sri Lanka
G.R Amarasinghe

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

Attachment 2
Administration and Management of Water
Supply (B)Inception Report Presentation
1. Country: Sri Lanka

2. Name: G. Ranjana Amarasinghe

3. Position: Regional Manager

4. Organization : National Water Supply & Drainage Board

1

1. Outline of Water Supply Services of your Organization
National Water supply & Drainage Board (NWS&DB) is the sole watersupply organization which is operating under Ministry of Water Supply
and Infrastructure development of Sri Lanka.

VisionMission101

2

Main functions of NWS&DB
The main functions of NWSDB are
Operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerageschemes,
Implementation of new urban and rural water supply projects,
Carrying out sector planning, feasibility studies,
Planning and design of water structures, Water Treatment plants
and water supply schemes,
Policy planning, corporate services,
Development activities,
Technical support for the improvements of rural WSS.

3

Water Supply Coverage - Sri Lanka
NWSDB is operating 334 water supply schemes in Sri Lanka bycovering more than 50% of safe drinking pipe born water coverage.
Area: 65610 km2

Population: 22.16 Mn Habitants

No. of connections: 3,011,069

Coverage Water Supply: 53 %

Monthly quantity sold: 48.65 Mn Cum

Monthly billing with VAT: Rs. 7012.98 Mn

Monthly collection with VAT: Rs. 6538.86 Mn

Average Consumption: 16.2 Cum

Debt age (With/Without CM): 0.5/1.65

102

4

Existing Water coverage - Polonnaruwa district - Sri Lanka

Service Area

: 1125 km2

Total Population: 448,000

Population Served: 269,240

Coverage Water Supply: 51 %

5

Water Supply Service level of Polonnaruwa district
INDICATORS

2006

2016

2023

Goals for 2025

Staff/1,000 connections

5.41

3.66

3.4

2.9

Production capacity(m3/day)

8750

35,00044,00058,500

Water quality

None

WHO Guidelines

WHO Guidelines

WHO Guidelines

Coverage area

9.3%

32 %

51 %

64 %

Supply duration(hr/day)

12

24

24

24

Supply pressure

1.5 bar

2.5 bars

3- 5 bars

3- 5 bars

Number of connections

8862

33275

60735

70000

NRW

38%

30%

17%

15%

Collection ratio

70%

89.8%

92 %

99.9%

Staff number

45

125

204

203

103

6

COLLECTION 2023 (TARGET & ACTUAL) - POLONNARUWA

7

Income & Expenditure of Polonnaruwa district

1048

2. Success Story of your Water Supply Services
Many activities had planned to make improvements to the water supply
facilities of the district. The following activities were very successful andmany benefits gained.

NRW Reduction campaign (Illegal connection monitoring)
Leak detection programme (Leak survey/ day & night)
Defective meters monitoring programme (Periodical)
On-line billing (E mail/ SMS)
Mobile campaign for new connection programme
Energy saving programmes (Solar panel Installation)
Implementation of WSP for whole schemes
9

3. Recent Challenges to Improvement of Water Supply
Services
Water level fluctuation in main intakes
July October (Drought situation)
From December (Flood situation)
Water extraction issues
From Irrigation tanks (with farmers protest)
Low cost Water Treatment systems
Issues on catering demand and implementation of new WSS
Funding issues
Water purification issues with Slow Sand Filters

105

10

Drought situations

11

Flood situations

28.12.2023

12.08.2023

02.11.2023

106

12

4. Expectations toward the Program
My expectation toward this program
Collect the water supply experience in Japan and adopt to Sri
Lanka in suitable way as per the requirements.
Find the solutions for the present issues of WSS in Sri Lanka
by knowledge sharing.
Study the modern water Treatment systems
Find the ideas for implementation of water policy in Sri Lanka.
Collect the data for the management of NRW.
Find the best way of implementation of WSPs in WSSs.
Leak monitoring and repairing systems
Consumer handling and treatments
13

Expectation of my superior toward this program
Identify the best Water Treatment system for existing WSS
NRW management and maintaining system
Implementation of Water safety Plan in best manner
Get the water supply experience from Japan water utilities andimplement as per the suitable
Knowledge sharing and implementation of best ideas

107

14

15

108

7. TANZANIA

Tanzania
Inception ReportCountry: Tanzania
Name: Hassan Khamis Hassan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Outline of Water Supply Services
1-1. Legal Basis of Water Supply Services.
The Act. no 4 of 2006 of Zanzibar Water Authority as Legal Basis Water
Supply Services in Zanzibar.
1-2. Demarcation of Water Supply Services.
Unguja and Pemba Islands are Demarcation of Water Supply Services
in Zanzibar and Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals is in charge offield of water.
1-3. Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities.
The main Actor of Water Supply Utility is Zanzibar Water Authority(ZAWA) which is a government utility for serving water to the community
in Zanzibar.
1-4. Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities.
•

Mission of ZAWA is “To support socio-economic development throughprovision of accessible, affordable and quality water services in a modern,sustainable and environmentally friendly manner within Zanzibar”.
•

Vision of ZAWA is “To become a leading water service provider in theregion that addresses socio-economic needs of the society for sustainable
development.”
1-5. Your Mission/Vision in your organization•

Mission of organization is “To support socio-economic development

through provision of accessible, affordable and quality water services in amodern, sustainable and environmentally friendly manner within
Zanzibar”.

109

•

Vision of organization is “To become a leading water service provider

in the region that addresses socio-economic needs of the society forsustainable development.”-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Water Supply Service Levels
2-1. Main Performance Indicators (PI)Coverage area

2,580km2
Around 988,334 People

Population ServedCollection ratio

An average of 50%.

Production capacity

An average of 143,404,735 litre/day

Supply duration

In Urban area an average of 14 hr/day and in
Rural area 24hr/day.

Supply pressure

Around 2bar – 10bar

Non-Revenue Water
Water quality
Staff number

Around 35%
An average compliance to water quality from
80% for bacteriological and 91% for physicaland chemical quality.
509
128,850

Number of connections
Staff/1,000
connections-

2-2. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)No, there is no any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Management of Water Quality
3-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems.
The current situation of water quality whereby ZAWA has, is an average compliance to water
quality from 80% for bacteriological and 91% for physical and chemical quality as indicated in
the Five Years Rolling Strategic Plan 2020 – 2025 and major Challenges/Problems facing areModern equipment to get data in a very quick and budget itself.

3-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems
The current actions against those challenges, ZAWA has already started theimplementation of the rehabilitation of the laboratory room and procured somereactions through the support of (Centre for Disease Control American Society for
Microbiology (CDC and ASM) as a stockholder of water quality. Furthermore, it needs
the financial budget for the construction of new modern laboratory.

110

3-3. Any Achievements.
Among achievements whereby ZAWA started to get is implementation of therehabilitation of the laboratory room and procured some reactions throughthe aid of CES as a stockholder of water quality.
3-4. Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water.
ZAWA use Zanzibar Bureau of Stands (ZBS) having number ZNS 57:2015 for a Quality
Standards for Drinking Water.
3-5. Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your
Organization / Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others.
ZAWA use its Work Plan which is planed within it is budget to monitor
drinking water monthly.
3-6. Implementation of Water Safety Plans or Similar Efforts.
ZAWA as an organization government for providing Safe and Clean water to thecommunity, make an effort to make sure that the community receive the appropriate
clean and safe water plans by constructing the new project such Exim Bank India and
IMF Covid Funds Project.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
4-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
The major means that ZAWA use as an effort in the reduction of current of NRW is toreplace the old network water pipe infrastructure such as AC pipe in order to reduce
the NRW.
The major challenge is Financial Capacity (Budget) of the replacement of the old
network water pipe infrastructure.
4-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems.
ZAWA has started to replace some old network pipe infrastructure such as Michenzani
Block No. 6.
4-3. Any Achievements
The achievement of this action is the improvement of water supply to the community
for the area in which the old network water pipe infrastructure replaced.

111

4-4. Constitution of NRW (If you have the data, please fill in the table)
Authorized consumption

Revenue water

Billed authorized
consumption

Non-Revenue Water

Unbilled authorized(NRW)

consumption

91%

9%

(ex. firefighting, cleaning)
Water losses

Apparent losses(Unauthorized
consumption (i.e., Illegal

30%use), Customer metering
inaccuracies)
Physical losses(Leakage)

112

31%

4-4. Situations about Leakage Detection Measures (DMA etc.)
Unfortunately, there is no leakage detection measure. Instead ZAWA use theinformation in which people send to the responsible department (Technical Operation
Department).
Moreover, ZAWA has already established the app called zawa kidigitali which willassist to get the information of leakage etc. in easy way and take an action of fixing theleakage within short time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
5-1. Water Tariff in your Organization
Based on the Water Act. No. 4 of 2006 Under Section 31(1) ZAWA Water Tariff are
divided as shown below: Water Tariffs of Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA)

113

114

115

5-2. Balance Sheet of your Organization
Unfortunately, ZAWA is Service Organization and it provides the service according toAct. No. 4 of 2006 whereby there is no balance sheet so far. Although, the water
regulations are in improvement to make ZAWA as business organization.
5-3. Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization.
Unfortunately, ZAWA is Service Organization and it provides the service according toAct. No. 4 of 2006, therefore there is no Profit and Loss Statement in Organization.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

116

6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water
Supply Services/Management
ZAWA as a main Water Supply Services in Zanzibar, themajor recent achievements in Improving Water Supply
Services by construction of the water storage tanks (25tanks) having storage water capacity of 144,000,000 liters.
Furthermore;anothermajor

recentachievement

in

Improvement of Water Supply Services is laying of thetransmission and distribution network of 705km.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Recent Challenges to Improve Water Supply Services
The most and recent challenges to improve water supply services which faces in
ZAWA is the constructions of the new road projects which are going on in Zanzibar
Regions by damaging the existing and new pipes whereby ZAWA has no budget.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Expectations toward Japan
8-1 Expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA.
The expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA inthis cause is gaining the knowledge of new technology thatJapanese Government and JICA use to supply water
services to the community.
8-2. Expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities.
The expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities are
gaining the knowledge of new technology that Japanese
Water Utilities use to supply water services to thecommunity, increasing the revenue etc.
8-3. Expectations toward Japanese Private Companies
The expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities are gaining the knowledge of newtechnology that Japanese Water Utilities use to supply water services to thecommunity, increasing the revenue etc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

117

9. Expectations toward the Program.
9-1. Expectations of your supervisors toward your participation in the
program.
Expectations of my supervisors toward my participation in the
program is gaining knowledge of new technology that Japan use tosupply water services to the community through different area in thewater services especially in supplying of water services.
9-2. Your expectation; Any comments and requests are appreciated.
My expectation in this requests that I do appreciate is learning the
new technology that the Japanese Government and JICA has, so that
ZAWA will achieve their goals.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------END.

118

Administration and Management of
Water Supply Services (B)
21JANUARY - 03 FEBRUARY, 2024
Hassan Khamis Hassan
Technical And Operation Director
ZAWA
1

1. Country: TANZANIA
2. Name: HASSAN KHAMIS HASSAN
3. Position: TECHNICAL AND OPERATION DIRECTOR
4. Organization: ZANZIBAR WATER AUTHORITY

119

2

Introduction
The Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA) was established by theWater Act No. 4 of 2006 as a follow-up to the recommendationsof the Zanzibar National Water Policy of 2004, giving the
Authority to manage water resources and the provision ofclean, reliable and quality water services for Zanzibar.
ZAWA is responsible to provides water supply services toboth Islands (Unguja and Pemba) with estimated population
1,889,773 (2022 census).
Water demands 264,568,220 l/day.

3

Zanzibar Location and Population

120

4

Water Supply Services

Water
Sourcesin
Zanzibar

5

Whole Country:Area: 2,580km2 [Unguja - 1,600 km² and Pemba - 980 km²].

Population: 1,889,773

Habitants

Coverage Water Supply: 85% for Financial year 2023/2024
after completion of the Project [Exim India & IMF Covid-19
Projects].
Water Supply System/City:
Service Area :1,573 km2 out of 2,580 km2

Population Served: About 1,152,762 people out of 1,889,773
people.

1216Current Situations of Water Supply
Services Water Production Due to theincreasing Population (Census 2022)
Currently; ZAWA managed to offer water services tothe community by 61% with the gap of 39%.
WATER PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCREASING POPULATION(CENSUS 2022)
Regions

Urban West
North Unguja
South Unguja
North Pemba
South Pemba
Total

Deficit
Deficit in
Total water Estimated Water
Water
Demand in
Production
Demand (lpd)
Demand (lpd)
Production in(%) due to(lpd) indue to thedue to thethe census(%)
2023
census 2022
census 2022
2022
57,928,880

125,043,660

24,323,500

36,020,600

17,310,348

27,422,220

20,336,467

38,092,740

28,660,800

37,989,000

148,559,995

264,568,220

46%

67,114,780

54%

68%

11,697,100

32%

63%

10,111,872

37%

53%

17,756,273

47%

75%

9,328,200

25%

61%

116,008,225

39%

7Water Supply Services of ZAWA
INDICATORS

2021/2022

2023/2024

Target by
2025

-

-

Production capacity(liter/day)

143,404,735

148,559,995

345,388,735

Water quality

WHO, ZBS&TBS
Guidelines

WHO, ZBS&TBS
Guidelines

WHO, ZBS&TBS
Guidelines

Coverage area

55%

85%

95%

Supply duration(hr/day)

14

24

24

Supply pressure

2 bar

2.5 bars

2.5 bars

110,000

128,850

168,850

NRW

60%

40%

30%

Collection ratio

40%

50%

80%

Staff number

445

525

1644

Staff/1,000 connections

Number of connections

122

8

Completed ZAWA Strategic Projects
Currently Success Story of Water Supply in Zanzibar.
IMF Covid-19 Project
The Project is completed on December, 2023 and about 96
Shehia/Wadi benefited.

On Going ZAWA Strategic Projects
Exim India Project -- Expectation to be Completed by March2024 for all Schemes.
Furthermore; other Schemes such Dimani Scheme, Masingini
Scheme and Dole Scheme are completed and the beneficiaries
started to get the water services. About 13 Shehia/Wadi are
getting water services from this project out of 36 Shehia/Wadi asa scope of the Project. Other schemes are continue.
9

On Going ZAWA
BOREHOLES

The completion of two
ongoing projects thewater production will
be increase from
143,404,735 l/d to345,388,735 l/d.

Moreover; water
storage capacity
will be increased
from
46,915,000 litre
to 190,915,000
litre.

WATER PRODUCTION
(l/h)

WATER
PRODUCTION (l/d)

BOREHOLES EXIM INDIA
PROJECT

64

7,393,000

177,432,000

BOREHOLESIMF COVID -19
PROJECT38

1,023,000

24,552,000

EXISTING
BOREHOLES

308

5,975,197

143,404,735

TOTAL

410

14,391,197

345,388,735

EXIM BANK INDIA
PROJECTIMF COVID-19
PROJECT
EXISTING TANKSTOTAL TANKSCAPACITY
EXISTING+EXIMTANKS+COVID TANKSCAPACITY (ltr)
123

NUMBERS OF TANKSTOTALCAPACITY (LTR)

15134,000,000

10

10,000,000

64

46,915,000

89

190,915,000

190,915,000
10Typical Example of Completed Schemes

11

Recent Challenges to Improve water
Supply Services in Zanzibar
Direct pumping

Leakages, Old networks, Illegal
connection of water, Lack of
network GIS system.

Lack of workforce
to protect water
sources.

Weak ofchlorine
Treatment
Systems.

Presence ofSalinity in water
for some
Boreholes andlimited waterproduction
capacity.

Few customers, somemeters are notworking, Citizens notpaying for water
service.

124

Insufficient income, lack offunds to cover operationalcosts.

12

Nam.

Challenges

Steps to be taken to Solve the Challenges

1

High Operation Cost about Tzs

To introduce an alternative source of energy(Solar, etc.). Stages of negotiations with somesolar installation companies are ongoing(SCAN Group of Companies and NEC)

600 Millions/month (about 308
Boreholes).
2

Power fluctuation

To install the electrical components which willprotect the pumps such as Stabilizer.

3

Non Revenue Water

To install smart meter and to introduce
Integrated Water Management System forYear of The Budget 2023/2024.

4

Old water networks

Replacements of old water networks.

5

Insufficient of water storagetanks

To constructs the efficient water storage
tanks.

6

Less responsive to pay for water
serviceTo Continue awareness to encourage thepeople to pay water service

7

Insufficient of professionals andexperts.

To Continue to recruits for the required
professionals.
13

Expectation toward this program
To get knowledge of new technology that used to supply water
services to the community through different area in the water
services especially in supplying of water services
To get knowledge on how ZAWA will increasing the revenue
Collections.
To Learn new technology so that ZAWA will achieve their goals.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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8. UGANDA

UgandaInception ReportCountry: UGANDA
Name: ATUHWERA LOVELINE-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Outline of Water Supply Services
1-1. Legal Basis of Water Supply Services
Water Act 1995 chapter 317, THE NATIONAL WATER AND SEWERAGE
CORPORATION ACT
1-2. Demarcation of Water Supply Services
Ministry of Water and Environment
1-3. Main Actor of Water Supply Utilities
National water and Sewerage corporation
1-4. Mission/Vision of Water Supply Utilities
To promote and ensure the rationale and sustainable utilization, development andeffective management of water and environment resources for social economic
development of the country
1-5. Your Mission/Vision in your organization
To sustainably and equitably provide cost effective, quality water and sewerage services
while conserving the environment and enhancing stakeholder trust
2. Water Supply Service Levels
2-1. Main Performance Indicators (PI)Coverage area

4605 (sq. km)

Population Served

2193

Collection ratio

70(%)

Production capacity

5000(m3/day)

Supply duration

3600(m3/day)

Supply pressure10

Non-Revenue Water

28(%)

Water quality
Staff number

38

Number of connections

2193

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Staff/1,000 connections

17.3 (people/1,000connections)2-2. Any Monitoring by Performance Indicators (PI)This is based on productivity level per month and daily individual accountability
results
3. Management of Water Quality
3-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
Customers adopted to quality of water supplied given the location and the water
sourceChallenges•

Physical chemical characteristics: Color is above the WHO standard 15 PtCo•

Turbidity High -Above 5 NTU•

Inefficiency of chemical dozers•

Water level fluctuations from the sources•

Surface water runoffs

3-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems•

Continuous engagement of Management to provide dozers fit the purpose•

Regular laboratory experiment tests on chemical dozing Jar Test and chlorine
demand test•

Protecting the obstruction points by constructing artificial wetlands and terraces

3-3. Any Achievements•

Reduction of Turbidity levels from 20 NTU to 7 NTU•

Reduction for the color from200 PtCo to 70 PtCo•

Achievement of the zero Fecal coliforms in final water supplied to Public•

Reduced the level of contamination at the abstraction source with wetland acting
as a natural filter•

Sludge management disposal to the environment thus complying withrecommended standards

1283-4. Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water
Physical requirements

Chemical Characteristics

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Microbiological

3-5. Monitoring System or Plans for Safety of Drinking Water in Your Organization /Regulatory Body / Independent Institution /Others
Refer to Power Point attached3-6. Implementation of Water Safety Plans* or Similar Efforts(* Water Safety Plans: refer to the following URL and review before participatingin the Course, the Chapter 4 ”Water Safety Plans” of the ”Guidelines fordrinking-water quality, third edition”
URL: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3_4.pdf )130

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Reduction of Non-Revenue Water
4-1. Current Situation and Major Challenges/Problems
Non-Revenue water stands at 14% in Kiruhura District Vs the target of 10%
Challenges•

Illegal water use•

Leakages and Bursts•

Long distances as Minor losses in the Pipe line•

Defective Meters•

Unfunctional district Metered Areas•

Misuse of Fire hydrants•

Aged Pipes (Galvanized Iron)•

Poor Quality fittings

4-2. Current Actions against Those Challenges/Problems•

Utilizationof

Monitoring

tools

like

Mapkit,customer

Relationshipmanagement•

Illegal Monitoring team squad deployment•

Informants are deployed in different trading centers to report any waters
leaking or outbursts•

Regularly replacement of defective/aged meters•

Mobile clinics for meter servicing to improve meter efficiency•

Metering all fire hydrants so as to quantify water loss•

Replacement of GI pipes with high density polyethylene pipes (HDPE)

4-3. Any Achievements•

Reduction of NRW from 20% to 14% with 10% target•

Improvement of meter efficiency and consequently improving water sales,
Billing and Revenue collection•

Reduction of Illegal water user in the district•

Improved working environments for Key stakeholders and customers/end
users

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4-4. Constitution of NRW (If you have the data, please fill in the table )Authorized

Revenue

Billed authorized

consumption

water

consumption(m3 /year)80(%)

Non-Revenue

Unbilled authorized

Water (NRW)

consumption(ex. firefighting, cleaning)

Water losses(m3 /year)
10(%)

Apparent losses( Unauthorized
consumption (i.e., Illegal(m3 /year)2(%)use), Customer metering
inaccuracies )Physical losses(Leakage)(m3 /year)2(%)

4-4. Situations about Leakage Detection Measures (DMA etc.)
All DMA are currently efficient and are being Monitored
5. Accounting system of Water Supply Service
5-1. Water Tariff in your Organization•

Public stand Pipe (PSP)•

Domestic•

Commercial•

Institutions

5-2. Balance Sheet of your Organization
5-3. Profit and Loss Statement of your Organization(*[Public Utilities] (1) Profit and Loss Account
Profit(loss) for the year Ugx: 47,789,165,000/=(2) Capital Income and Expenditures of your Organization)
Capital Income -Ugx:46,818,731,000/=
Expenditure -Ugx: 354,377,299,000/=
Reference as at 30th June 2021 global NWSC

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6. Major Recent Achievements in Improvement of Water Supply
Services/Management
With increment in demand, NWSC constructed a new water treatment plant that serves
two districts .
7. Recent Challenges to Improve Water Supply Services
Power outages due to climate change
Operating costs on generators have increased, it’s not cost effective
8. Expectations toward Japan
8-1. Expectations toward Japanese Government and JICA•

Exposure and Networking•

Raising challenges at hand and coming up with possible solutions to improve
Ugandan Government•

Introduced to Systems peculiar in Managing challenges and apply them in
Uganda8-2. Expectations toward Japanese Water Utilities•

Treatment Process from the intake to the final end user•

Different water supply sources and management•

How to cub Non-Revenue Water Monster and systems in Place .

•Improvement of Water Quality Standards•

Like to like understanding of water sources in Japan and Uganda•

Management of Public Utilities in Japan

8-3. Expectations toward Japanese Private Companies
Understanding the coordination between private and public sectors in service delivery to
the people of Japan
9. Expectations toward the Program.
9-1. Expectations of your supervisors toward your participation in the program.
• Improvement in service delivery• Empowering Management skills and knowledge to better performance
9-2. Your expectation; Any comments and requests are appreciated.
•

Personal growth and career development
END.

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出典：2023 年度 JICA 課題別研修「水道管理行政及び水道事業経営(B)」カントリーレポート

Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS) was established with the sanction of
the Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare in July 1983 and implements international technicalcooperation programmes with purpose of contributing to the promotion of health and social welfare
activities in the friendly nations.
Japan International Corporation of Welfare Services (JICWELS)
Matsuoka Ginnana BLDG. 3F
7-17-14 Ginza Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061 JAPAN
Tel: +81-(0)3-6206-1137
Fax: +81-(0)3-6206-1164
https://jicwels.or.jp
公益社団法人国際厚生事業団（JICWELS）は、国際的な保健・福祉分野の国際協力に貢献することを目的として、1983 年（昭和 58 年）7 月 7 日に厚生省（現厚生労働省）から社団法人の認可を受け設立されました。開発途上国の行政官研修や WHO フェローの受け入れ、調査企画や研究開発並びに情報の交換及び広報活動など、海外諸国との国際交流活動を推進しています。
発行日 2024 年 3 月 1 日〒104-0061
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広報チーム

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