Translated by secretariat

Priority Items in Road Traffic Safety MeasuresLarge-scale project type / Standard mass production type
Large vision
Master plan
Design (copy and paste)

DesignDesign (copy and paste)

Hardware development Hardware development Hardware development
Operation andmanagement

Operation andmanagement

Operation andmanagement

Made-to-Order Type (Priority on Usage)
Large vision
Operation andmanagement

Operation andmanagement

Operation andmanagement

Master plan

Master plan

Master plan

Design, hardware
development

Design, hardware
development

Design, hardware
development

Types of Roads○ With regard to the maintenance and management of roads, roles are shared between the national
government and local governments depending on the functions and roles of the roads.
[Ratio of the length of roads by road type]
About 8,800 km

About 32,000 km

About 129,400 km

Prefectural
roads(About 10.6%)

Municipal roads(About 84.1%)

About 16%
1.9%
0.7% 2.6%

Length
延長

84.1%
84.1%

10.7%
10.6%

About 76%

Vehicle kilometers
走行台キロ 11.7%
10.5% 18.0%
17.9%
traveled(all（全車）
vehicles)Community roads

About 1,027,000 km

National highways managed by
prefectural government andordinance-designated cities (About 2.6%)

Arterial (trunk) roads

About 23,700 km

LimitedNational expressways(About 0.7%) highway
National highways managed by the
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport, and Tourism(About 1.9%)[Road length and share of logistics, etc. by road type]

0%

12.9%
13.5%

20%
National
expressways
高速自動車国道
National highways under
都道府県道
jurisdictionof prefectural
governments

40%

26.7%
24.0%

32.0%
32.8%

60%

80%

National highways under
直轄国道
jurisdiction of the MLIT
Prefectural
roads
市町村道

100%

National highways managed by
補助国道
prefectural
government andordinance-designated cities* Road lengths are as of April 2017 for national expressways, and as of April 2015 for others.

Total of about 1.22 million km (100.0%)* Vehicle kilometers traveled are based on the “FY2010 Road Traffic Census.

3Effect of Increasing the Share of Expressways
 The share of expressways in Japan is low compared to those in Western countries.
 By raising the share to about 30%, which is the level in Western countries, the number of fatalities, fuelconsumption, and congestion would be reduced.
[Vehicle-km] 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Total vehicle-km traveled: About 700 billion km
Japan(present) 16%
日本(現在)
25%
59%

If the share of expressways is 30%*1)

Fatalities

600 people/year, down

2012: About 4,400 people

Japan (future)
日本(将来)

30%

Present

アメリカ
US

33%

ドイツ
Germany

31%

フランス
France30%[Length]

60%

10%

1%

Fuel consumed
2012: About 80 million kℓ

Loss due tocongestion

高速道路
Expressways

幹線道路
Arterialroads

2012: About 5 billion hours*3)

4 million kℓ/year down

(greater than the amount of automobile fuel used in one
year in the four prefectures in the Shikoku region)*4)

700 million hours/year down

(An increase by 1.5 trillion yen/year in terms of the economic effect)

Case example of a high-performance expressway

84%

15%

Source)Japan: Road Traffic Census,
Annual Report on Car Transport Statistics (2010)
US: Highway Statistics 2011 (excluding Puerto Rico)
France: Faits et Chiffres
Germany: Verkehr in Zahlen

200,000 / year, down

Injuries

2012: About 800,000 people

Total length: about 1.2 million km

Japan(present)
日本(現在)*2)

生活道路roads
Community

Definition of expressway)
Japan: Arterial high-standard highway
urban expressway, and regional high-standard highway
United States: Interstate and other freeways and expressways
France: Autoroute, Route nationale interurbaine àcaractéristiques autoroutières
Germany: Autobahn

The rate of fatalities and injuries on the expressway is onetenth of that on ordinary roads.

Calculation method)*1, *2: The reduction effect when there is a change in the share ratio was calculated by calculating the basic unit fromthe actual values of fatalities and injuries per vehicle kilometers on expressways and ordinary roads.
*3: The reduction effect when there is a change in the share ratio was calculated by setting the basic unit for each typeof road from the CO2 emission coefficients for different traveling speeds of vehicles.
*4: The reduction in time when there is a change in the share ratio was calculated by calculating the basic unit from theloss time due to congestion per vehicle kilometer for expressways and ordinary roads. The economic effect wascalculated by multiplying the reduction in time by the labor productivity in Japan (per capita GDP divided by average
working hours) and the ratio of workers

4Overview of “Emergency Traffic Safety Measures for Preschoolers and Other Children as well as Elderly Drivers”
 In the wake of such events as the fatal traffic accident that occurred in Otsu City on May 8, 2016, a meeting of relevant
ministers was held concerning traffic safety measures in consideration of the recent situation of accidents, and “Emergency
Traffic Safety Measures for Preschoolers and Other Children as well as Elderly Drivers” was compiled.
 With regard to “ensuring the safety of routes used by children in groups, especially preschoolers,” the measures are closely
related to the reduction of fatal accidents involving those walking or riding bicycles on community roads.
 Outline of “the “Emergency Traffic Safety Measures for Preschoolers and Other Children as well as Elderly Drivers”

1. Ensuring the safety of routes used daily by children in groups, especially preschoolers(1) Conducting emergency safety checks of routes used daily by children in groups, especially preschoolers(2) Promotion of the development of a road traffic safety environment to ensure children’s safe passage(3) Measures, etc. to watch over children by the whole community(4) Joint inspection of elementary school commuting routes

2. Further promotion of measures to support safe driving by elderly drivers(1) Promotion, etc. of safe driving support vehicles(2) Support for elderly people, etc. who feel anxiety about driving(3) Construction of a road environment that is friendly toward elderly drivers

3. Enhancement of measures to support daily life that involves the mobility of elderly people(1) Flexible use of public transportation(2) Enhancement of transportation services in areas beyond the boundaries of the system(3) Practical application of new means of mobility utilizing new technologies such as automated driving technology

etc.
5Framework of School-Commuting Road Traffic Safety Program Continuously Developed Since 2012
August 2012

November 2012

May 2013

Request for emergency
joint inspections

Implementation of
emergency joint
inspections

Preparation of list ofmeasures and location map

December 2013

Notification of future
initiatives

Formulation of “SchoolCommuting Road Traffic
Safety Program”(actualization of future
initiatives)

May 2012
Requests from the national government(simultaneous nationwide inspection)

May 2013

Initiatives for each region

Realization of securingof sustainable safety ofschool-commutingroads

May 2012

December 2013

Notification of continuous initiatives Notification of formulation of school-commuting road traffic safety program[Description of the program] * Programs formulated by each municipality(1) Creation of a promotion system(Already created in 1,680 municipalities (about 96% of municipalities throughout Japan))* As of the end of FY2017(2) Periodic joint inspection implementation policy(3) Improvement/enhancement of the measures through grasping of theeffects, etc.

Emergency joint
inspections
Drafting of measures
Implementation of
measures

Situation of implementationof measures by roadadministrators
Number of locations for implementing
measures: 45,060
Number of locations where measures
have already been implemented: 42,850(About 95%)
* As of the end of FY2017

 Promotion of continuous
initiatives such as theimplementation of joint
inspections
 Creation of a promotion
system

Implementation of periodic joint
inspections
Periodic joint inspections
Drafting of measures
Implementation of measures

Improvement/enhance
ment of the measuresthrough grasping of
the effects, etc.

Implementation of emergency joint inspections

6

Utilization of the School-Commuting Road Traffic Safety Program Promotion Framework

The school-commuting road traffic safety program promotion framework, which consists of road administrators, the police, boards of education, schools, PTA, etc.
has been developed at about 1,700 local governments nationwide.
If relevant officials of agencies having jurisdiction over the boards of education, departments in charge of childcare, etc. and target facilities such as kindergartensand childcare centers are added to this framework, it would be possible to implement effective measures including efficient implementation of inspections andmeasures over a broad area.

Do

Check

ActionImprovement/enhancement of measures

Residents' association
PTA
SchoolBoard of education, etc.

Plan

Grasping of the effects of measures

PoliceLiaison conference

Implementation of measures

Plan formulation

Road administrator

Joint inspection

Inspection

Implementation of
measures

Plan formulation

PoliceInspection

Road administrator

School-commuting
road traffic safety
program

Implementation of measures

Inspections and draftingof measures for routes
that pre-school children
travel in groups on a daily
basis

Board of education
Department in charge ofchildcare, etc.
(jurisdictional agency)
Kindergarten
Childcare center, etc.
(target facilities)

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List of Measures To Be Implemented Proactively by Road Administrators
II. Area (areal) measures

Areas for community road measures / 30 km/h zones(1) Measures to make entrances difficult to enter
Example: Smooth sidewalks and rising bollards

31

Smooth sidewalks

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

Curb extension

１3(3) Measures to secure pedestrian space
Examples: Protective fences, road shoulder color
pavement
Protective fence(4) Measures to prioritize securing ofpedestrian/bicycle spaces

Color pavement

Road shoulder color
pavement

2

Bicycle traveling space

2

3
・
4

Hump

1
2

2

Rising bollards(2) Measures to suppress traveling speed
Examples: Humps, curb extensions, chicane, and block
pavement(Image)III. Measures for arterial roads

I. Localized measures

Example of measures: (1) Installation of protective fences, (2) separation of pedestrian and bicycle usage
spaces, (3) removal of electricity poles and laying power lines underground, etc.
 Example of separation of pedestrian and bicycle usage spaces
Before development

After development

 Example of removal of electricity poles and laying powerlines underground
After development
Before development

Examples of measures: Widening of lanes / development of sidewalks, (2) installation of right turn lanes, (3)development of bypasses, etc.
 Example of widening of lanes / development ofsidewalks Example of installation of right turn lanes

Before development

Before development

After development

After development

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Area Measures (Areal Traffic Safety Measures) – 30 km/h Zones / Areas for Community Road Measures – 30 km/h zones [Police] (FY2011 and onward)• Designating a zone and enforcing a maximum speed limit of
30 km/h.
• Other road safety measures (selective measures) are
combined as necessary to reduce speeds on community
roads and suppress vehicles that pass through these roads
as a shortcut.

 Areas for community road measures [road administrators](FY2016 onward)• Implementation of measures for zones and road sections asroad administrators, such as installing humps, curb extensions,and other physical devices• Collaboration with police traffic regulation and guidance/control(consistent with areas designated as 30 km/h zones or areas
under consideration for designation as 30 km/h zones)• Technical support by national road offices, etc. having jurisdiction
over the area (provision, etc. of route information such as speed
and use as a shortcut, etc.)

Situation of initiatives in measures for 30 km/h zones and community roads
30 km/h zones(3,649 locations)

Areas for community road measures(907 areas)
Overlapping areas
About 700 areas(including partially overlapping
areas and areas underconsideration)

As of the end of FY2018

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Initiatives in “Areas for Community Road Measures” and Jurisdictional Support (Provision, etc. of Big Data)

Niigata City Hiyoriyama
Elementary School

In the priority measures section (Sakaemachi Ginza), speed-suppressing measures have been implemented because more than half of vehicles
passing through this section exceed the speed limit. (Installation of curb extensions and road surface color pavement)
 Measures to suppress entry of passing traffic have been implemented because there is a lot of passing traffic during the school-commuting
hours on weekday mornings. (Rising bollards and smooth sidewalks) In the priority measures section, the percentage of vehicles exceeding the 30 km/h speed limit has been reduced by 45 percentage points, anda significant speed suppression effect has appeared.
Results of big data analysis


Hiyoriyama
district
日和山地区

Location
位 置map図

Before implementation of measures

Before implementation of measures

Sakaemachi Ginza

Sakaemachi Ginza

Niigata Ryuto JuniorHigh School

Hiyoriyama
Elementary
SchoolHiyoriyama
Elementary
SchoolNiigata
新潟県
Prefecture

Niigata Ryuto JuniorHigh School

Percentage of vehicles
30km/h超過割合
travelingat 30 km/h or more

：Sudden deceleration (0.3 G reference)

Percentage of vehicles
30km/h超過割合
travelingat 30 km/h or more

サンプル無
No sample
20%以下
20% or less
40%以下
40% or less
60%以下
60% or less
80%以下
80% or lessOver 80%
80%超：Sudden deceleration (0.3 G reference)

Effects of development

Situation of development

Percentage of vehicles exceeding 30km/h speed limit
Entire area

Raising
Beforeimplementationof measures
Beforeimplementationof measures

Lowering

Development of smooth sidewalks

サンプル無
No sample
20% or less
20%以下
40% or less
40%以下
60% or less
60%以下
80% or less
80%以下
Over 80%
80%超

Installation of rising bollards

Implementation of curb
extensions and color pavement

Sakaemachi
Ginza

Situation of occurrence of sudden
deceleration

Average speed
Entire area

Sakaemachi
Ginza

Frequency

Percentage ofgenerated trips

25.2%

73.8%

17.6km/h

34.0km/h

114 times

13.2%

22.7%

28.6%

18.2km/h

22.7km/h

84 times

9.5%(- 2.5 %)(- 45.2 %)(+0.6 km/h)(-11.3 km/h)(-30 times)[Source] 1. Log point data: ETC 2.0 probe data (percentage of vehicles exceeding 30 km/h speed limit) [Before implementation of measures] April-June 2016, [After implementation of measures] April-June 2017
(Sudden deceleration) [Before implementation of measures] April-June 2016, [After implementation of measures] April-May 2017
2. Background map: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan(-3.7 %)

10

Case Example 1 Consensus Building on Area Measures (Areal Traffic Safety Measures) in the Niigata City

Hiyoriyama Elementary School District

 On the occasion of changes in school-commuting roads due to the consolidation/relocation of four elementary schools, the schools, police, thenational government, municipal government, etc. collaborated and held workshops on traffic safety measures for school-commuting roads.
 In the workshops, Niigata City and the International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences (IATSS) played the role of facilitators.
Workshop participants

Hiyoriyama Elementary School new school building(from April 2017)

Hiyoriyama
Elementary School
日和山小学校Niigata
Ryuto
Junior High School
新潟柳都中学校
Traffic Safety Promotion Council
交通安全推進協議会
Hiyoriyama Safety Staff
日和山小セーフティスタッフ

日和山
Hiyoriyama
Elementary
School PTA
小学校PTA

Community Council (four districts)
コミュニティ協議会（４地区）
Relatedresidents' associations
関係自治会

Ministry of Land,
国土交通省
Infrastructure,
Transport,
and Tourism
新潟県警察
Niigata Prefectural Police

Secretariat
事務局

Former Minato Elementary School(42 students)

 Priority measures section: Municipal roadin front of Hiyoriyama Elementary School(common name: Sakaemachi Ginza)

Former Sakae Elementary School(76 students): Community Road
Measures Area (30km/h zone)

新潟市
Niigata City
International
Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences（公財）国際交通安全学会
Former Irifune Elementary
School(209 students)

School-commuting road within area for countermeasures

Former Toyoteru Elementary School(53 students)
Schoolcommuting road
Pedestrian
walkway

Hiyoriyama Elementary School former
school building(April 2015 to March 2017)
Niigata Municipal Hiyoriyama Elementary School opened in April
2015 following the consolidation of four schools: Toyoteru
Elementary School, Minato Elementary School, Sakae Elementary
School, and Irifune Elementary School.
* Number of children at each school: As of May 1, 201411

Examples of Measures Premised on the Promotion of Consensus Building in the Local Community With regard to initiatives in the local community that are considered to be good examples, local government officials andexperts play roles (facilitators, etc.) in coordinating consensus building.
Measures(names of laws, plans, etc.)

Government
ministry/agency having
jurisdiction

Description of consensus building in the local
community that is to be the premise to
implementing measures

Case examples

Community road measures area
(areal traffic safety measures)

Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport,
and Tourism

Area and time for implementing measures for speed
reduction and entry suppression, as well as thelocations, etc. for installing humps, rising bollards,
etc. to that end

Hiyoriyama District(Niigata City)
Higashi-Hatsutomi district(Kamagaya City)

Street space reconstruction/utilization

Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport,
and Tourism

Reallocation of road space to create bustling activity

Facility management (formulation ofcomprehensive management plansfor public facilities, etc.)

Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications

Optimal arrangement in local communities to
Katahigashi district (Niigata City) City, etc.
respond to the aging, etc. of public facilities

Location normalization plan

Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport,
and Tourism

Compact community development that will enable
sustainable urban management, etc. amid
progressive population decline and aging

Earthquake / heavy rain
countermeasures(district disaster planning system)

Cabinet Office(mutual assistance in the local community)
Ochiai District (Osaka-cho, Gero
voluntary disaster prevention activities conducted
City/Academics
City)by district residents, etc.

Crime prevention measures(plans for preventing crime during
school-commuting hours)

Cabinet Office

While there is a limit to conventional “mimamori(watch over children carefully)” activities, not only
will the activities that have so far been conductedprimarily by the elderly generation made more
efficient and vitalized but also new entities shall be
encouraged in a way that there will be little burden
on the individual, thereby widening the base for“mimamori” leaders.

Nagara Mimamori (watchingover children carefully while
doing other things)(Kumatori-cho, Osaka
Prefecture)

Police, PTA, etc.

Area management

Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport,
and Tourism

Proactive initiatives by residents, business
operators, landowners, etc. formaintaining/improving a good environment in thelocal community and the value of the local
community

We Love Tenjin Council(Fukuoka City)

City/Academics

Coordinator
City/Academics
City/Academics

Shinmon Street (Izumo City)

City/Academics

Shijo Street (Kyoto City)

City/Academics

Toyama City

Case
example 1
Case
example 2

City/Academics

12Case Example 2Study of Road Space Reallocation on “Shinmon Street” in Izumo City
[Road Space Reconstruction/Utilization]

On the occasion of “Heisei Great Sengu (a ceremony in which the enshrined deity is moved to a temporary shrine building)” at the Izumo Taisha Honden (main hall)in 2013, the Shimane Prefectural Government and the Shimane Municipal Government conducted studies on regenerating the street with a dignity and bustling
atmosphere appropriate of a street in front of the gates of Izumo Taisha Shrine and implemented relevant measures in cooperation with local residents, etc.
A workshop was held to listen to the opinions of local residents, roadside stores, etc., and studies were conducted on both securing the convenience of community
roads for roadside residents and creating bustling activity and ensuring safety for tourists.

Before implementation of measures

After implementation of measures■ Study system
Project coordination

 General Coordinator
Toshio Kuwako (professor, Tokyo
Institute of Technology)

Project implementation entity

Urban Development Group, Civil Engineering Department
Second Maintenance Group, Maintenance and Management Department
Assigned project: Sidewalk maintenance, traffic management, removal ofelectricity poles and laying power lines underground Izumo City

Community Development Promotion Division, Urban Construction
Department
Tourism Exchange Promotion Division, Industry and Tourism Department
Assigned projects: Roadside landscape development, traffic management,
effective use of parking spaces, and creation of a bustling atmosphere

Advisers’
Conference
Advisers

 Shared space / stone pavement
The width of the roadway was narrowed while erasing the center line, and the width of theroadside strip was expanded.
A visual countermeasure that made the width of the roadway appear narrow was
implemented by using different methods of laying the stone paving for the roadside strip and the
roadway and having the roadside strip pattern extend out toward the roadway.

Decision-making on a plan

 Izumo Prefectural Land Development Office, Shimane Prefectural
Government

Citizens and stakeholders
Advice andproposals thattake into accountthe opinions ofworkshops Landscape adviser
Yoshihisa Wakita (associate professor, Kindai
University)
Atsushi Usami (Usami Architectural Design Office)• Supervision of beautification of roads• Supervision of architectural streetscaping
 Traffic adviser
Seiji Hashimoto (associate professor, Okayama
University)• Supervision of traffic plans and road plans

Advices

Opinions

Presentation of plans and basic
matters
Opinions

Participation

Workshops (place forbriefings and listening toopinions)

Local residents, neighborhood associations
Local organizations / NPOs, etc.
(Yomigaeri-no-Kai, etc.)
Commerce and industry organizations suchas the Chamber of Commerce and Industry
and ryokan (Japanese-style hotels)organizations, etc.

Briefings, individual briefings, social
experiments...

Stone pavement

ExtensionPedestrian space[Scene of a workshop][Scene of a workshop]

13

Comprehensive Consensus Building Framework for Various Issues in the Local Community There is a method of positioning local government officials and facilitators upon creating a consensus building framework foreach policy objective, but with regard to the framework for consensus building to resolve other policy issues confronting the
local community, it is also effective to encourage discussions on issues with high affinity, such as new ways to use road spacefor improving safety in the local community and creating bustling activity.
Example 4 < Example: Creating a region-specific action plan in Toyama City >New community development triggered by the reorganization of public facilities – Resident participation-based publicprivate partnership utilizing the PI (Public Involvement) method –Regional issues/characteristics

Administrative issues
Issues in community
development

Services that are sought

Issue of aging facilities“Future Citizens”

Location normalization plans

Region-specific action plans
Concept of facilities linked with
community development
Leading projects

Consolidation and integration ofnecessary functions of a region

Regional revitalization

Resolution of regional issues

New community development triggeredby the reorganization of public facilities

Creation of regional hubs in odango(rice dumpling) pattern areas(Source) Materials
prepared by Toyama City

14